Cañada College

by Sol Parajon Puenzo

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This textbook is designed for the one-semester General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry course. Content. General Chemistry: This section covers foundational concepts like atomic structure, chemical bonding, stoichiometry, and basic chemical reactions. Organic Chemistry: This part introduces the chemistry of carbon compounds, including functional groups, basic organic reactions, and the structures of important biological molecules. Biological Chemistry: This section focuses on the chemistry of

Description from LibreTexts.

Publisher
Cañada College
Subjects
Chemistry
Licence
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, as LibreTexts states it. Non-commercial use only.
Who can read
Tweens profiles and older, judged from its title and subjects

Contents

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  1. Front Matter
  2. TitlePage
  3. InfoPage
  4. Table of Contents
  5. Licensing
  6. 1: Introduction to Chemistry
  7. 1.1: Chemistry - The Central Science
  8. 1.2: Using the Scientific Method
  9. 1.3: Accuracy and Precision
  10. 1.4: Classification of Matter
  11. 1.5: Energy
  12. 1.6: Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
  13. 1.E: Introduction to Chemistry (Exercises)
  14. 2: Measurements, Unit Conversions, and Density
  15. 2.1: Expressing Numbers - Scientific Notation
  16. 2.2: Units for Measurements
  17. 2.3: Density
  18. 2.4: Expressing Numbers - Significant Figures
  19. 2.5: Converting Units-Dimensional Analysis
  20. 2.6: Solving Multistep Conversion Problems
  21. 2.7: Dosage Calculations I
  22. 2.8: Dosage Calculations II
  23. 2.E: Measurements, Unit Conversions, and Density (Exercises)
  24. 3: Atoms and Nuclear Chemistry
  25. 3.1: The Structure of the Atom
  26. 3.2: The Elements and The Periodic Table
  27. 3.3: Atomic Number and Mass Number
  28. 3.4: Isotopes and Atomic Weights
  29. 3.5: Radiation
  30. 3.6: Nuclear Reactions and Nuclear Equations
  31. 3.7: Uses of Radioactive Isotopes
  32. 3.8: Radioactive Decay- Units and Half-Life
  33. 3.E: Atoms and Nuclear Chemistry (Exercises)
  34. 4: Ions and Ionic Compounds
  35. 4.1: The Periodic Table and Valence Electrons
  36. 4.2: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Symbols
  37. 4.3: Ions - Losing and Gaining Electrons
  38. 4.4: Naming Diatomic Ionic Compounds
  39. 4.5: Polyatomic Ions and Formulae for Ionic Compounds
  40. 4.6: Characteristics of Ionic Compounds
  41. 4.7: The Mole
  42. 4.8: Formula Mass, Molecular Mass, and Molar Mass
  43. 4.9: Mole-Mass Conversions
  44. 4.E: Ionic Bonding and Simple Ionic Compounds (Exercises)
  45. 5: Covalent Bonding and Simple Covalent Compounds
  46. 5.1: Covalent Bonds
  47. 5.2: Writing Lewis Structures for Covalent Compounds
  48. 5.3: Naming Covalent Compounds
  49. 5.4: Resonance - Equivalent Lewis Structures for The Same Molecule
  50. 5.5: Exception for Octet Rule
  51. 5.6: The VSEPR Theory- Molecular Geometry
  52. 5.7: Predicting the Shapes of Molecules
  53. 5.8: Electronegativity and Bond Polarity
  54. 5.9: Shapes and Properties- Polar and Nonpolar Molecules
  55. 5.10: Content in Context- Outdoor Air Pollution
  56. 5.E: Covalent Bonding and Simple Molecular Compounds (Exercises)-
  57. 6: Introduction to Organic Chemistry
  58. 6.1: Introduction to Alkanes
  59. 6.2: Representing Organic Molecules
  60. 6.3: Structural Isomers- Branched-Chain Alkanes
  61. 6.4: IUPAC Nomenclature
  62. 6.5: Cycloalkanes
  63. 6.6: Halogenated Hydrocarbons
  64. 6.7: Classifying Organic Molecules
  65. 6.8: Alkenes and Alkynes
  66. 6.9: Cis-Trans Isomers (Geometric Isomers)
  67. 6.10: Fatty Acids
  68. 6.11: Distinguishing Isomers
  69. 6.E: Introduction to Organic Chemistry (Exercises)
  70. 7: Chemical Reactions
  71. 7.1: Introduction to Chemical Reactions
  72. 7.2: Chemical Equations
  73. 7.3: Entalpy and Entropy
  74. 7.4: Reaction Rate
  75. 7.5: Spontaneous Reactions and Free Energy
  76. 7.6: Classifying Chemical Reactions
  77. 7.7: Quantitative Relationships Based on Chemical Equations
  78. 7.8: Mole-Mass and Mass-Mass Problems
  79. 7.9: Redox Reactions in Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
  80. 7.10: Reactions Involving Water
  81. 7.E: Introduction to Chemical Reactions (Exercises)
  82. 7.S: Quantities in Chemical Reactions (Summary)
  83. 8: Carbohydrates - An Introduction
  84. 8.1: Introduction
  85. 8.2: Classification of Carbohydrates
  86. 8.3: Depicting Carbohydrate Stereochemistry - Fischer Projections
  87. 8.4: D, L Sugars
  88. 8.5: Configurations of Aldoses
  89. 8.6: Cyclic Structures of Monosaccharides - Anomers
  90. 8.7: Important Monosaccharides
  91. 8.8: Reactions of Monosaccharides
  92. 8.9: Disaccharides
  93. 8.10: Polysaccharides and Their Synthesis
  94. 8.11: Other Important Carbohydrates
  95. 8.E: Carbohydrates (Exercises)
  96. 8.S: Carbohydrates (Summary)
  97. 9: Solids, Liquids, and Gases
  98. 9.1: Solids, Liquids, and Gases
  99. 9.2: Introduction to Intermolecular Forces
  100. 9.3: Physical Properties
  101. 9.4: Physical Properties of Alcohols, Organic Acids, and Amines
  102. 9.5: Solubility and Molecular Structure
  103. 9.6: Amphipathic Lipids and Membranes
  104. 9.7: Neutralization of Fatty Acids and Hydrolysis of Triglycerides
  105. 9.8: Steroids
  106. 9.9: Transport Across Cell Membrane
  107. 9.10: Solubility Classification for Biochemical Compounds
  108. 9.11: Gases and Pressure
  109. 9.12: Gas Laws
  110. 9.E: Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Exercises)
  111. 9.S: Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Summary)
  112. 10: Solutions
  113. 10.1: Classifying Matter According to Its Composition
  114. 10.2: Solutions
  115. 10.3: The Dissolution Process
  116. 10.4: The Effect of Temperature on Solubility of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
  117. 10.5: Henry's Law
  118. 10.6: Solution Concentration
  119. 10.7: Solutions and Dilutions
  120. 10.8: Passive Transport - Osmosis
  121. 10.9: Diffusion
  122. 10.10: End of Chapter Problems
  123. 10.E: Solutions (Exercises)
  124. 11: Acids and Bases, Equilibrium, and Buffers
  125. 11.1: Arrhenius Theory- A Brief Review
  126. 11.2: Acids-Properties and Examples
  127. 11.3: Bases-Properties and Examples
  128. 11.4: Brønsted-Lowry Theory of Acids and Bases
  129. 11.5: Acid and Base Neutralization
  130. 11.6: Equilibrium
  131. 11.7: Ionization of Water and The pH Scale
  132. 11.8: Le Châtelier’s Principle
  133. 11.9: Blood Buffers
  134. 11.10: Compensation of pH via Organs
  135. 11.E: Acids and Bases (Exercises)
  136. 12: Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes - An Introduction
  137. 12.1: Introduction to Amino Acids
  138. 12.2: Structures of Amino Acids
  139. 12.3: Amino Acids and Isoelectric Points
  140. 12.4: Peptides and Proteins
  141. 12.5: Chemical Properties of Amides- Hydrolysis
  142. 12.6: Protein Structure
  143. 12.7: Protein Misfolding and Denaturation
  144. 12.8: Enzymes
  145. 12.9: Regulation of Enzyme Activity
  146. 12.10: Enzyme Inhibition
  147. 12.E: Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes (Exercises)
  148. 13: DNA and RNA - An Introduction
  149. 13.1: Amines as Bases
  150. 13.2: Nucleotides - The Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids
  151. 13.3: Polynucleotides
  152. 13.4: Nucleic Acid Structure
  153. 13.5: Replication of DNA
  154. 13.6: Transcription
  155. 13.7: Translation and the Genetic Code
  156. 13.8: Mutations and Genetic Diseases
  157. 13.E: Nucleic Acids (Exercises)
  158. 14: Metabolism
  159. 14.1: Basics of Metabolism
  160. 14.2: Small Molecules Involved in Metabolism
  161. 14.3: Digestion of Food
  162. 14.4: Stage 1 - Digestion of Carbohydrates
  163. 14.5: Stage 1 - Digestion of Proteins
  164. 14.6: Stage 1 - Digestion of Fats
  165. 14.7: Stage 2 - Glycolysis and Metabolism of Pyruvate
  166. 14.8: Stage 3 - Citric Acid Cycle
  167. 14.9: Stage 2 and 3 - Fatty Acid Catabolism
  168. 14.E: Metabolism (Exercises)
  169. Back Matter
  170. Index
  171. Glossary
  172. Detailed Licensing
  173. Detailed Licensing