Introductory Statistics

by David Lane

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Introductory Statistics covers major topics in statistics including descriptive statistics, probability, confidence intervals, t-tests, statistical graphs, power, complex ANOVA designs, and multiple regression in an easy-to-understand non-mathematical manner. Features include interactive self-testing exercises, an extensive glossary (with links from the text), and the option to view video presentations. Statistical concepts are explained using examples from real research.

Description from LibreTexts.

Publisher
Rice University
Subjects
Statistics, Introductory Statistics
Licence
Public domain, as LibreTexts states it
Who can read
Tweens profiles and older, judged from its title and subjects

Contents

LibreTexts writes equations in TeX, and here they show as TeX; the PDF has them typeset.

  1. Front Matter
  2. TitlePage
  3. InfoPage
  4. Table of Contents
  5. Licensing
  6. 1: Introduction to Statistics
  7. 1.1: What are Statistics?
  8. 1.2: Importance of Statistics
  9. 1.3: Descriptive Statistics
  10. 1.4: Inferential Statistics
  11. 1.5: Sampling Demonstration
  12. 1.6: Variables
  13. 1.7: Percentiles
  14. 1.8: Levels of Measurement
  15. 1.9: Measurements
  16. 1.10: Distributions
  17. 1.11: Summation Notation
  18. 1.12: Linear Transformations
  19. 1.13: Logarithms
  20. 1.14: Statistical Literacy
  21. 1.E: Introduction to Statistics (Exercises)
  22. 2: Graphing Distributions
  23. 2.1: Graphing Qualitative Variables
  24. 2.2: Quantitative Variables
  25. 2.3: Stem and Leaf Displays
  26. 2.4: Histograms
  27. 2.5: Frequency Polygons
  28. 2.6: Box Plots
  29. 2.7: Box Plot Demo
  30. 2.8: Bar Charts
  31. 2.9: Line Graphs
  32. 2.10: Dot Plots
  33. 2.11: Statistical Literacy
  34. 2.E: Graphing Distributions (Exercises)
  35. 3: Summarizing Distributions
  36. 3.1: Central Tendency
  37. 3.2: What is Central Tendency
  38. 3.3: Measures of Central Tendency
  39. 3.4: Balance Scale Simulation
  40. 3.5: Absolute Differences Simulation
  41. 3.6: Squared Differences Simulation
  42. 3.7: Median and Mean
  43. 3.8: Mean and Median Demo
  44. 3.9: Additional Measures
  45. 3.10: Comparing Measures
  46. 3.11: Variability
  47. 3.12: Measures of Variability
  48. 3.13: Variability Demo
  49. 3.14: Estimating Variance Simulation
  50. 3.15: Shapes of Distributions
  51. 3.16: Comparing Distributions Demo
  52. 3.17: Effects of Linear Transformations
  53. 3.18: Variance Sum Law I - Uncorrelated Variables
  54. 3.19: Statistical Literacy
  55. 3.E: Summarizing Distributions (Exercises)
  56. 4: Describing Bivariate Data
  57. 4.1: Introduction to Bivariate Data
  58. 4.2: Values of the Pearson Correlation
  59. 4.3: Guessing Correlations
  60. 4.4: Properties of r
  61. 4.5: Computing r
  62. 4.6: Restriction of Range Demo
  63. 4.7: Variance Sum Law II - Correlated Variables
  64. 4.8: Statistical Literacy
  65. 4.E: Describing Bivariate Data (Exercises)
  66. 5: Probability
  67. 5.1: The Concept of "Probability"
  68. 5.2: Basic Concepts of Probability
  69. 5.3: Conditional Probability Demonstration
  70. 5.4: Gambler's Fallacy
  71. 5.5: Permutations and Combinations
  72. 5.6: Birthday Demo
  73. 5.7: Binomial Distribution
  74. 5.8: Binomial Demonstration
  75. 5.9: Poisson Distribution
  76. 5.10: Multinomial Distribution
  77. 5.11: Hypergeometric Distribution
  78. 5.12: Base Rates
  79. 5.13: Bayes Demo
  80. 5.14: Monty Hall Problem
  81. 5.15: Statistical Literacy
  82. 5.E: Probability (Exercises)
  83. 6: Research Design
  84. 6.1: Scientific Method
  85. 6.2: Measurement
  86. 6.3: Data Collection
  87. 6.4: Sampling Bias
  88. 6.5: Experimental Designs
  89. 6.6: Causation
  90. 6.7: Statistical Literacy
  91. 6.E: Research Design (Exercises)
  92. 7: Normal Distribution
  93. 7.1: Introduction to Normal Distributions
  94. 7.2: History of the Normal Distribution
  95. 7.3: Areas Under Normal Distributions
  96. 7.4: Varieties Demonstration
  97. 7.5: Standard Normal Distribution
  98. 7.6: Normal Approximation to the Binomial
  99. 7.7: Normal Approximation Demonstration
  100. 7.8: Statistical Literacy
  101. 7.E: Normal Distribution (Exercises)
  102. 8: Advanced Graphs
  103. 8.1: Q-Q Plots
  104. 8.2: Contour Plots
  105. 8.3: 3D Plots
  106. 8.4: Statistical Literacy
  107. 8.E: Advanced Graphs (Exercises)
  108. 9: Sampling Distributions
  109. 9.1: Introduction to Sampling Distributions
  110. 9.2: Basic Demo
  111. 9.3: Sample Size Demo
  112. 9.4: Central Limit Theorem Demonstration
  113. 9.5: Sampling Distribution of the Mean
  114. 9.6: Difference Between Means
  115. 9.7: Sampling Distribution of Pearson's r
  116. 9.8: Sampling Distribution of p
  117. 9.9: Statistical Literacy
  118. 9.E: Sampling Distributions (Exercises)
  119. 10: Estimation
  120. 10.1: Introduction to Estimation
  121. 10.2: Degrees of Freedom
  122. 10.3: Characteristics of Estimators
  123. 10.4: Bias and Variability Simulation
  124. 10.5: Confidence Intervals
  125. 10.6: Confidence Intervals Intro
  126. 10.7: Confidence Interval for Mean
  127. 10.8: t Distribution
  128. 10.9: Confidence Interval Simulation
  129. 10.10: Difference between Means
  130. 10.11: Correlation
  131. 10.12: Proportion
  132. 10.13: Statistical Literacy
  133. 10.E: Estimation (Exercises)
  134. 11: Logic of Hypothesis Testing
  135. 11.1: Introduction to Hypothesis Testing
  136. 11.2: Significance Testing
  137. 11.3: Type I and II Errors
  138. 11.4: One- and Two-Tailed Tests
  139. 11.5: Significant Results
  140. 11.6: Non-Significant Results
  141. 11.7: Steps in Hypothesis Testing
  142. 11.8: Significance Testing and Confidence Intervals
  143. 11.9: Misconceptions of Hypothesis Testing
  144. 11.10: Statistical Literacy
  145. 11.E: Logic of Hypothesis Testing (Exercises)
  146. 12: Tests of Means
  147. 12.1: Testing a Single Mean
  148. 12.2: t Distribution Demo
  149. 12.3: Difference between Two Means
  150. 12.4: Robustness Simulation
  151. 12.5: Pairwise Comparisons
  152. 12.6: Specific Comparisons
  153. 12.7: Correlated Pairs
  154. 12.8: Correlated t Simulation
  155. 12.9: Specific Comparisons (Correlated Observations)
  156. 12.10: Pairwise (Correlated)
  157. 12.11: Statistical Literacy
  158. 12.E: Tests of Means (Exercises)
  159. 13: Power
  160. 13.1: Introduction to Power
  161. 13.2: Example Calculations
  162. 13.3: Power Demo
  163. 13.4: Power Demo II
  164. 13.5: Factors Affecting Power
  165. 13.6: Statistical Literacy
  166. 13.E: Power (Exercises)
  167. 14: Regression
  168. Front Matter
  169. TitlePage
  170. InfoPage
  171. 14.1: Introduction to Linear Regression
  172. 14.2: Linear Fit Demo
  173. 14.3: Partitioning Sums of Squares
  174. 14.4: Standard Error of the Estimate
  175. 14.5: Inferential Statistics for b and r
  176. 14.6: Influential Observations
  177. 14.7: Regression Toward the Mean
  178. 14.8: Introduction to Multiple Regression
  179. 14.9: Statistical Literacy
  180. 14.E: Regression (Exercises)
  181. Back Matter
  182. Index
  183. 15: Analysis of Variance
  184. 15.1: Introduction to ANOVA
  185. 15.2: ANOVA Designs
  186. 15.3: One-Factor ANOVA
  187. 15.4: One-Way Demo
  188. 15.5: Multi-Factor Between-Subjects
  189. 15.6: Unequal Sample Sizes
  190. 15.7: Tests Supplementing
  191. 15.8: Within-Subjects
  192. 15.9: Power of Within-Subjects Designs Demo
  193. 15.10: Statistical Literacy
  194. 15.E: Analysis of Variance (Exercises)
  195. 16: Transformations
  196. 16.1: Prelude to Transformations
  197. 16.2: Log Transformations
  198. 16.3: Tukey Ladder of Powers
  199. 16.4: Box-Cox Transformations
  200. 16.5: Statistical Literacy
  201. 16.E: Transformations (Exercises)
  202. 17: Chi Square
  203. 17.1: Chi Square Distribution
  204. 17.2: One-Way Tables
  205. 17.3: Testing Distribution Demonstration
  206. 17.4: Contingency Tables
  207. 17.5: 2 x 2 Simulation
  208. 17.6: Statistical Literacy
  209. 17.7: Chi Square (Exercises)
  210. 18: Distribution-Free Tests
  211. 18.1: Benefits of Distribution Free Tests
  212. 18.2: Randomization Tests - Two Conditions
  213. 18.3: Randomization Tests - Two or More Conditions
  214. 18.4: Randomization Association
  215. 18.5: Fisher's Exact Test
  216. 18.6: Rank Randomization Two Conditions
  217. 18.7: Rank Randomization Two or More Conditions
  218. 18.8: Rank Randomization for Association
  219. 18.9: Statistical Literacy Standard
  220. 18.10: Distribution Free Tests (Exercises)
  221. 19: Effect Size
  222. 19.1: Prelude to Effect Size
  223. 19.2: Proportions
  224. 19.3: Difference Between Two Means
  225. 19.4: Proportion of Variance Explained
  226. 19.5: Statistical Literacy
  227. 19.6: Effect Size (Exercises)
  228. 20: Case Studies
  229. 20.1: Angry Moods
  230. 20.2: Flatulence
  231. 20.3: Physicians Reactions
  232. 20.4: Teacher Ratings
  233. 20.5: Diet and Health
  234. 20.6: Smiles and Leniency
  235. 20.7: Animal Research
  236. 20.8: ADHD Treatment
  237. 20.9: Weapons and Aggression
  238. 20.10: SAT and College GPA
  239. 20.11: Stereograms
  240. 20.12: Driving
  241. 20.13: Stroop Interference
  242. 20.14: TV Violence
  243. 20.15: Obesity and Bias
  244. 20.16: Shaking and Stirring Martinis
  245. 20.17: Adolescent Lifestyle Choices
  246. 20.18: Chocolate and Body Weight
  247. 20.19: Bedroom TV and Hispanic Children
  248. 20.20: Weight and Sleep Apnea
  249. 20.21: Misusing SEM
  250. 20.22: School Gardens and Vegetable Consumption
  251. 20.23: TV and Hypertension
  252. 20.24: Dietary Supplements
  253. 20.25: Young People and Binge Drinking
  254. 20.26: Sugar Consumption in the US Diet
  255. 20.27: Nutrition Information Sources and Older Adults
  256. 20.28: Mind Set - Exercise and the Placebo Effect
  257. 20.29: Predicting Present and Future Affect
  258. 20.30: Exercise and Memory
  259. 20.31: Parental Recognition of Child Obesity
  260. 20.32: Educational Attainment and Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparity
  261. 21: Calculators
  262. 21.1: Analysis Lab
  263. 21.2: Binomial Distribution
  264. 21.3: Chi Square Distribution
  265. 21.4: F Distribution
  266. 21.5: Inverse Normal Distribution
  267. 21.6: Inverse t Distribution
  268. 21.7: Normal Distribution
  269. 21.8: Power Calculator
  270. 21.9: r to Fisher z'
  271. 21.10: Studentized Range Distribution
  272. 21.11: t Distribution
  273. Back Matter
  274. Index
  275. Glossary
  276. Index
  277. Glossary
  278. Detailed Licensing