Structure & Reactivity I: Chemical Structure and Properties

by Chris Schaller

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Atoms, Compounds, Molecules, Intermolecular Attractions, Structure-Property Relationships

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Publisher
College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University
Subjects
Chemistry, General Chemistry
Licence
CC BY-NC 3.0, as LibreTexts states it. Non-commercial use only.
Who can read
Tweens profiles and older, judged from its title and subjects

Contents

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  1. Front Matter
  2. TitlePage
  3. InfoPage
  4. Table of Contents
  5. Acknowledgements
  6. Licensing
  7. 1: Introduction to Atoms
  8. 1.1: From Democritus to the 19th Century- Historical Developments in Chemistry
  9. 1.2: Old Quantum Mechanics- Basic Developments
  10. 1.3: New Quantum Mechanics
  11. 1.4: Quantum Numbers
  12. 1.5: The Aufbau Process
  13. 1.6: The Periodic Table and Periodic Trends
  14. 1.7: Atoms- Solutions to Selected Problems
  15. 2: Metals
  16. 2.1: Introduction to Metals
  17. 2.2: A Layer of Metal Atoms
  18. 2.3: Building Metal Atoms in Three Dimensions
  19. 2.4: Application Problems with Metals
  20. 2.5: Metals- Solutions to Selected Problems
  21. 3: Ionic Compounds
  22. 3.1: Ionic Atoms
  23. 3.2: Counterions
  24. 3.3: Physical Properties
  25. 3.4: Solubility
  26. 3.5: Structures of Ionic Solids
  27. 3.6: Application Problems
  28. 3.7: Naming Ionic Compounds
  29. 3.8: Ionic Compounds- Solutions for Selected Problems
  30. 4: Introduction to Molecules
  31. 4.1: Why do Molecules Matter?
  32. 4.2: Lewis Structures
  33. 4.3: Lewis Structures and Multiple Bonding
  34. 4.4: Lewis Structures and Polyatomic Molecules
  35. 4.5: Lewis and Formal Charge
  36. 4.6: The Need for Resonance Structures
  37. 4.7: Which Bonds are Ionic and Which are Covalent?
  38. 4.8: Line Drawings
  39. 4.9: Three Dimensional Drawings
  40. 4.10: Other Geometries
  41. 4.11: Controversial Lewis Structures
  42. 4.12: Organic Functional Groups
  43. 4.13: Common Biomolecules
  44. 4.14: Drawings for Large Biological Compounds
  45. 4.15: Application Problems
  46. 4.16: Solutions to Selected Problems
  47. 5: Stereochemistry
  48. 5.1: Introduction
  49. 5.2: Stereoisomers
  50. 5.3: Stereochemistry - Extra Problems
  51. 5.4: Enantiomers
  52. 5.5: Simple Organic Enantiomers- R and S configurations
  53. 5.6: Biological Small Molecules
  54. 5.7: Optical Rotation
  55. 5.8: The Polarimetry Experiment
  56. 5.9: Carbohydrates and Diastereomers
  57. 5.10: Diastereomers and Physical Properties
  58. 5.11: Carbohydrates in Cyclic Form
  59. 5.12: Biological Building Blocks- Amino Acids
  60. 5.13: Macromolecular Structures- Alpha-Helices
  61. 5.14: Optical Resolution
  62. 5.15: Another Kind of Stereochemistry- Alkene Isomers
  63. 5.16: E and Z Alkene Isomers
  64. 5.17: Stereoisomers in Other Geometries- Octahedra
  65. 5.18: Enantiomers in Octahedral Complexes
  66. 5.19: Chiral Catalysts for Production of Enantiomerically Pure Compounds
  67. 5.20: Solutions to Selected Problems
  68. 5.21: Biological Building Blocks- Carbohydrates
  69. 6: Conformational Analysis
  70. 6.1: Introduction to Conformation
  71. 6.2: Simple Molecules
  72. 6.3: Conformation of Butane
  73. 6.4: The Basis Set
  74. 6.5: Molecular Modeling
  75. 6.6: Cyclic System
  76. 6.7: Cyclohexane
  77. 6.8: Diamond Lattice Drawings
  78. 6.9: Substituted Cyclohexanes
  79. 6.10: Disubstituted Cyclohexanes
  80. 6.11: Other Rings
  81. 6.12: Rings with Heteroatoms
  82. 6.13: More Practice with Conformation
  83. 6.14: Application Problems
  84. 6.15: Solutions to Selected Problems
  85. 7: Structure-Property Relationships
  86. 7.1: The Properties of Water
  87. 7.2: Changes of State
  88. 7.3: Kinetic-molecular Theory
  89. 7.4: London Interactions
  90. 7.5: Dipole Interactions
  91. 7.6: Hydrogen Bonding
  92. 7.7: Ionic Attractions
  93. 7.8: Comparing Properties of Isomers
  94. 7.9: Miscibility
  95. 7.10: Solubility
  96. 7.11: Hydrogen Bond Acceptors
  97. 7.12: Heterogenous Mixtures
  98. 7.13: Intermolecular Attractions and Protein Structure
  99. 7.14: Application Problems
  100. 7.15: Solutions to Selected Problems
  101. 8: Introduction to Biomolecules
  102. 8.1: Lipids
  103. 8.2: Proteins
  104. 8.3: Nucleic Acids
  105. 8.4: Carbohydrates
  106. 8.5: Biomolecule Application Problems
  107. 9: Cell Tutorial
  108. 9.1: The Cell- An Overview
  109. 9.2: The Cell- Lipids
  110. 9.3: The Cell - Proteins
  111. 9.4: The Cell- Nucleic Acids
  112. 9.5: The Cell- Carbohydrates
  113. 10: Network Solids
  114. 10.1: A Network Solid - Diamond
  115. 10.2: Other Forms of Carbon
  116. 10.3: Silicates and Silica
  117. 10.4: Aluminosilicates
  118. 10.5: Solutions to Selected Problems
  119. 11: Transition Metal Complexes
  120. 11.1: Introduction
  121. 11.2: Building Blocks- Metal Ions and Ligands in Transition Metal Complexes
  122. 11.3: Electron Counting
  123. 11.4: Chelation
  124. 11.5: Isomers
  125. 11.6: Naming Transition Metal Complexes
  126. 11.7: Geometry in Transition Metal Complexes
  127. 11.8: Solutions for Selected Problems
  128. 12: Macromolecules and Supramolecular Assemblies
  129. 12.1: What are Macromolecules?
  130. 12.2: Viscosity
  131. 12.3: Glass Transition
  132. 12.4: Polymer Architecture
  133. 12.5: Morphology and Microphase Separation
  134. 12.6: Polymer Synthesis
  135. 12.7: Molecular Weight
  136. 12.8: Supramolecular Assemblies
  137. 12.9: Solutions for Selected Problems
  138. 13: Molecular Orbital Theory
  139. 13.1: Introductions
  140. 13.2: Wave Behavior and Bonding in the Hydrogren Molecule
  141. 13.3: Molecular Orbitals- Lessons from Dihydrogen
  142. 13.4: Sigma Bonding with p Orbitals
  143. 13.5: Pi Bonding with p Orbitals
  144. 13.6: Assembling the Complete Diagram and Electron Population
  145. 13.7: Experimental Evidence for Molecular Orbital Results
  146. 13.8: Symmetry and Mixing
  147. 13.9: When Different Atoms Bond Together
  148. 13.10: Another Complication in HF- Orbital Mixing
  149. 13.11: Geometry and Orbital Contribution to Bonding
  150. 13.12: Approximations in More Complicated Structures
  151. 13.13: Building a Molecule from Pieces
  152. 13.14: Delocalization
  153. 13.15: Polyenes
  154. 13.16: Delocalization in Aromatics
  155. 13.17: Heteroaromatics
  156. 13.18: Frontier Orbitals
  157. 13.19: Solutions to Selected Problems
  158. 14: Concepts of Acidity
  159. 14.1: General Acidity and Basicity
  160. 14.2: Lewis Bases
  161. 14.3: Lewis Acids
  162. 14.4: Lewis Acid-Base Complexes and Molecular Orbitals
  163. 14.5: Reversibility of the Dative Bond
  164. 14.6: Coordination Complexes
  165. 14.7: Proton as a Common Lewis Acid
  166. 14.8: Proton Transfer from One Basic Site to Another and Molecular Orbital Interactions in Proton Transfers
  167. 14.9: Proton Donor Strength- pKa
  168. 14.10: The Relationship Between Structure and Bronsted-Lowry Acidity
  169. 14.11: Factors Affecting Bronsted-Lowry Acidity- Local Factors
  170. 14.12: Factors affecting Bronsted-Lowry Acidity- Distal Factors
  171. 14.13: Effects on Basicity (Attraction for Proton)
  172. 14.14: The Direction of Proton Transfer
  173. 14.15: Amino Acids and Peptides
  174. 14.16: Relative Conditions and pKa
  175. 14.17: The Meaning of pKa- Product-to-Reactant Ratio and Equilibrium Constant
  176. 14.18: pH and Buffers
  177. 14.19: Application Problems
  178. 14.20: Solutions to Selected Problems
  179. Back Matter
  180. Index
  181. Glossary
  182. Detailed Licensing