Course117106108143 lectures
Basic Electrical Circuits
Prof. Gajendranath Chowdary · IIT Madras
About
Electrical circuits are everywhere, from tiny ones in integrated circuits in mobile phones and music players, to giant ones that carry power to our homes. This course deals with analysis techniques that can be applied to all such circuits. We'll first discuss electrical quantities-voltage and current-relevant to such circuits and learn about basic elements(R, L, C, controlled sources) and their properties. We'll then move on to general analysis techniques that can be applied to arbitrary circuits. We'll also discuss circuit theorems and rudiments of negative feedback circuit using the opamp. After taking this course, one should be able to analyze memoryless linear circuits.
Intended audience: Interested learnersPREREQUISITES : XII std. level algebra and calculus, electrostatics
Lectures
Week 1: Preliminaries; Current and voltage; Electrical elements and circuits; Kirchhoff's laws; Basic elements;…
- Preliminaries
- Current
- Voltage
- Electrical elements and circuits
- Kirchhoff's current law(KCL)
- Kirchhoff's voltage law(KVL)
- Voltage source
- Current source
- Resistor
- Capacitor
- Inductor
- Mutual inductor
- Linearity of elements
Week 2: Elements in series and parallel; Controlled sources
- Series connection-Voltage sources in series
- Series connection of R, L, C, current source
- Elements in parallel
- Current source in series with an element; Voltage source in parallel with an element
- Extreme cases: Open and short circuits
- Summary
- Voltage controlled voltage source(VCVS)
- Voltage controlled current source(VCCS)
- Current controlled voltage source(CCVS)
- Current controlled current source(CCCS)
- Realizing a resistance using a VCCS or CCCS
- Scaling an element's value using controlled sources
- Example calculation
Week 3: Power and energy in electrical elements; Circuit analysis methods
- Power and energy absorbed by electrical elements
- Power and energy in a resistor
- Power and energy in a capacitor
- Power and energy in an inductor
- Power and energy in a voltage source
- Power and energy in a current source
- Goals of circuit analysis
- Number of independent KCL equations
- Number of independent KVL equations and branch relationships
- Analysis of circuits with a single independent source
- Analysis of circuits with multiple independent sources using superposition
- Superposition: Example
Week 4: Nodal analysis
- What is nodal analysis
- Setting up nodal analysis equations
- Structure of the conductance matrix
- How elements appear in the nodal analysis formulation
- Completely solving the circuit starting from nodal analysis
- Nodal analysis example
- Matrix inversion basics
- Nodal analysis with independent voltage sources
- Supernode for nodal analysis with independent voltage sources
- Nodal analysis with VCCS
- Nodal analysis with VCVS
- Nodal analysis with CCVS
- Nodal analysis with CCCS
- Nodal analysis summary
Week 5 : Mesh analysis; Circuit theorems
- Planar circuits
- Mesh currents and their relationship to branch currents
- Mesh analysis
- Mesh analysis with independent current sources-Supermesh
- Mesh analysis with current controlled voltage sources
- Mesh analysis with current controlled current sources
- Mesh analysis using voltage controlled sources
- Nodal analysis versus Mesh analysis
- Superposition theorem
- Pushing a voltage source through a node
- Splitting a current source
- Substitution theorem: Current source
- Substitution theorem: Voltage source
- Substituting a voltage or current source with a resistor
Week 6: More circuit theorems; Two port parameters
- Extensions to Superposition and Substitution theorem
- Thevenin's theorem
- Worked out example: Thevenin's theorem
- Norton's theorem
- Worked out example: Norton's theorem
- Maximum power transfer theorem
- Preliminaries
- Two port parameters
- y parameters
- y parameters: Examples
Week 7: Two port parameters continued; Reciprocity in resistive networks
- z parameters
- z parameters: Examples
- h parameters
- h parameters: Examples
- g parameters
- g parameters: Examples
- Calculations with a two-port element
- Calculations with a two-port element
- Degenerate cases
- Relationships between different two-port parameters
- Equivalent circuit representation for two ports
- Reciprocity
- Proof of reciprocity of resistive two-ports
- Proof for 4-terminal two-ports
- Reciprocity in terms of different two-port parameters
- Reciprocity in circuits containing controlled sources
- Examples
Week 8: Opamp and negative feedback; Example circuits and additional topics
- Feedback amplifier using an opamp
- Ideal opamp
- Negative feedback around the opamp
- Finding opamp signs for negative feedback
- Example: Determining opamp sign for negative feedback
- Analysis of circuits with opamps
- Inverting amplifier
- Summing amplifier
- Instrumentation amplifier
- Negative resistance and Miller effect
- Finding opamp signs for negative feedback-circuits with multiple opamps
- Opamp supply voltages and saturation
- KCL with an opamp and supply currents
- More on opamps: Example circuits and additional topics
Week 9 :First Order Circuits
- Circuits with storage elements(capacitors and inductors)
- First order circuit with zero input-natural response
- First order RC circuit with zero input-Example
- First order circuit with a constant input
- General form of the first order circuit response
- First order RC circuit with a constant input-Example
- First order circuit with piecewise constant input
- First order circuit with piecewise constant input-Example
- First order circuit-Response of arbitrary circuit variables
- Summary: Computing first order circuit response
- Does a capacitor block DC?
- Finding the order of a circuit
- First order RC circuits with discontinuous capacitor voltages
- Summary: Computing first order circuit response with discontinuities
- First order RL circuits
- First order RL circuit with discontinuous inductor current-Example
Week 10 : First order circuits with time-varying inputs
- First order RC circuit with an exponential input
- First order RC response to its own natural response
- First order RC response to a sinusoidal input
- First order RC response to a sinusoidal input-via the complex exponential
- Summary: Linear circuit response to sinusoidal input via the complex exponential
- Three methods of calculating the sinusoidal steady state response
- Calculating the total response including initial conditions
- Why are sinusoids used in measurement?
Week 11: Second order system response
- Second order system natural response
- Second order system as a cascade of two first order systems
- Second order system natural response-critically damped and underdamped
- Generalized form of a second order system
- Numerical example
- Series and parallel RLC circuits
- Forced response of a second order system
Week 12: Direct calculation of steady state response from equivalent components
Syllabus and materials
At NPTEL, as the course publishes them.
Credits and licence
- Institution
- IIT Madras
- Department
- Electrical Engineering
- Teacher
- Prof. Gajendranath Chowdary
- Level
- Undergraduate
- Language
- English
- Subjects
- Engineering
- Source
- NPTEL
- Licence
- CC BY-NC-SA, as NPTEL states it. Non-commercial use only. NPTEL's terms
- Attribution
- NPTEL states: "Distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike / CC BY - NC - SA", beside a BY-NC-SA badge.
- Who can watch
- NPTEL gives no rating. Invisible Network shows it to Tweens profiles and older, judged from what the source says about it. How courses are placed
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