Introduction to Ocean Sciences 6e

by Douglas A. Segar

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Introduction to Ocean Sciences explores the role of the ocean in the Earth system, with special emphasis on the flow of water and energy, the physical and chemical properties of ocean water, ocean circulation, marine life and habitats, interactions between the ocean and the other components of the Earth system, and the human impacts on and responses to those interactions. This book provides the physical, chemical, geological, and biological foundations for understanding Earth's ocean.

Description from LibreTexts.

Publisher
American Meteorological Society
Subjects
Geosciences
Licence
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, as LibreTexts states it. Non-commercial use only, and no changed versions.
Who can read
Teens profiles and older, judged from its title and subjects

Contents

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  1. Front Matter
  2. TitlePage
  3. InfoPage
  4. Preface
  5. Table of Contents
  6. Licensing
  7. 1: The Ocean Planet
  8. 1.1: The Ocean's and Earth's Environment
  9. 1.2: Oceans and the Origins of Life
  10. 1.3: How to Study Ocean Data
  11. 1.4: Chapter Summary
  12. 1.4.1: Key Terms
  13. 1.4.2: Chapter Questions
  14. 1.4.3: References
  15. 2: History and Importance of Ocean Studies
  16. 2.1: What is Oceanography
  17. 2.2: Exploration and Mapping
  18. 2.3: National and International Law Applied to Oceans
  19. 2.4: Ocean Resources
  20. 2.5: Chapter Summary
  21. 2.5.1: Key Terms
  22. 2.5.2: Chapter Questions
  23. 2.5.3: References
  24. 3: Studying the Oceans
  25. 3.1: Difficulties of Studying the Ocean Environment
  26. 3.2: The Unseen Domain
  27. 3.3: Bathymetry
  28. 3.4: Seafloor Sediments
  29. 3.5: Chemical and Physical Oceanography
  30. 3.6: Sampling Living Organisms in the Sea
  31. 3.7: Scuba, Manned, and Unmanned Submersibles
  32. 3.8: Satellites
  33. 3.9: Computers and Modeling
  34. 3.10: Chapter Summary
  35. 3.10.1: Key Terms
  36. 3.10.2: Chapter Questions
  37. 3.10.3: References
  38. 4: Plate Tectonics-Evolution of the Ocean Floor
  39. 4.1: Structure of the Earth
  40. 4.2: Plate Tectonics
  41. 4.3: Plate Boundaries
  42. 4.4: Convergent Plate Boundaries
  43. 4.5: Divergent Plate Boundaries
  44. 4.6: Transform Faults and Fracture Zones
  45. 4.7: Hot Spots
  46. 4.8: Plate Interiors
  47. 4.9: Sea-Level Change and Climate
  48. 4.10: Present-Day Oceans
  49. 4.11: Chapter Summary
  50. 4.11.1: Key Terms
  51. 4.11.2: Chapter Questions
  52. 4.11.3: References
  53. 5: Water and Seawater
  54. 5.1: Origins and Distribution of the Earth's Water
  55. 5.2: The Water Molecule
  56. 5.3: The Dissolving Power of Water
  57. 5.4: Sources and Sinks of Chemicals Dissolved in Seawater
  58. 5.5: Salinity
  59. 5.6: Dissolved Chemicals in Seawater
  60. 5.7: Heat Properties of Water
  61. 5.8: Effects of Pressure, Temperature, and Dissolved Salts on Seawater
  62. 5.9: Ice Formation
  63. 5.10: Surface Tension and Viscosity
  64. 5.11: Transmission of Light and Other Electromagnetic Radiation
  65. 5.12: Transmission of Sound
  66. 5.13: Chapter Summary
  67. 5.13.1: Key Terms
  68. 5.13.2: Chapter Questions
  69. 5.13.3: References
  70. 6: Ocean Sediments
  71. 6.1: Sediments and Biogeochemical Cycles
  72. 6.2: Classification of Sediments
  73. 6.3: Lithogenous Sediments
  74. 6.4: Biogenous Sediments
  75. 6.5: Hydrogenous Sediments
  76. 6.6: Cosmogenous Sediments
  77. 6.7: Sediment Transport, Deposition, and Accumulation
  78. 6.8: Continental Margin Sediments
  79. 6.9: Distribution of Surface Sediments
  80. 6.10: The Sediment Historical Record
  81. 6.11: Chapter Summary
  82. 6.11.1: Key Terms
  83. 6.11.2: Chapter Questions
  84. 6.11.3: References
  85. 7: Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions
  86. 7.1: The Atmosphere
  87. 7.2: Water Vapor in the Atmosphere
  88. 7.3: Water and Heat Budgets
  89. 7.4: Climatic Winds
  90. 7.5: Climate and Ocean Surface Water Properties
  91. 7.6: Interannual Climate Variations
  92. 7.7: Land-Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions
  93. 7.8: Global Climate Zones
  94. 7.9: Weather Systems
  95. 7.10: Local Weather Effects
  96. 7.11: Chapter Summary
  97. 7.11.1: Key Terms
  98. 7.11.2: Chapter Questions
  99. 7.11.3: References
  100. 8: Ocean Circulation
  101. 8.1: Energy Sources
  102. 8.2: Wind-Driven Currents
  103. 8.3: Ekman Motion
  104. 8.4: Geostrophic Currents
  105. 8.5: Open-Ocean Surface Currents
  106. 8.6: Equatorial Surface Currents
  107. 8.7: High-Latitude Surface Currents
  108. 8.8: Upwelling and Downwelling
  109. 8.9: Coastal Currents
  110. 8.10: Eddies
  111. 8.11: Inertial Currents
  112. 8.12: Langmuir Circulation
  113. 8.13: Thermohaline Circulation
  114. 8.14: Ocean Circulation and Climate
  115. 8.15: Tracing Water Masses
  116. 8.16: Chapter Summary
  117. 8.16.1: Key Terms
  118. 8.16.2: Chapter Questions
  119. 8.16.3: References
  120. 8.17: Box 1- Westward Intensification
  121. 8.18: Box 2 - Equatorial Currents
  122. 9: Waves
  123. 9.1: Complexity of Ocean Waves
  124. 9.2: Progressive Waves
  125. 9.3: What is Wave Motion?
  126. 9.4: Making Waves
  127. 9.5: Sea Development and Wave Height
  128. 9.6: Wave Dissipation
  129. 9.7: Deep-Water Waves
  130. 9.8: Waves in Shallow Water
  131. 9.9: Tsunamis
  132. 9.10: Internal Waves
  133. 9.11: Rossby and Kelvin Waves
  134. 9.12: Standing Waves
  135. 9.13: Chapter Summary
  136. 9.13.1: Key Terms
  137. 9.13.2: Chapter Questions
  138. 9.13.3: References
  139. 10: Tides
  140. 10.1: Tide-Generating Forces
  141. 10.2: Characteristics of Tides
  142. 10.3: Tides on an Ocean Covered Earth
  143. 10.4: Tides in the Earth's Oceans
  144. 10.5: Tides in the Open Ocean
  145. 10.6: Tidal Currents
  146. 10.7: Tide Prediction
  147. 10.8: Marine Species and the Rhythm of Tides
  148. 10.9: Energy from Tides
  149. 10.10: Chapter Summary
  150. 10.10.1: Key Terms
  151. 10.10.2: Chapter Questions
  152. 10.10.3: References
  153. 11: Coasts
  154. 11.1: Processes that Form and Modify the Coast
  155. 11.2: Beaches
  156. 11.3: Barrier Islands and Lagoons
  157. 11.4: Beaches and Human Structures
  158. 11.5: Coral Reefs and Atolls
  159. 11.6: Wetlands
  160. 11.7: Deltas
  161. 11.8: Chapter Summary
  162. 11.8.1: Key Terms
  163. 11.8.2: Chapter Questions
  164. 11.8.3: References
  165. 12: Foundations of Life in the Oceans
  166. 12.1: How do we describe life?
  167. 12.2: Production, Consumption, and Decomposition
  168. 12.3: Microbes in Charge
  169. 12.4: Studying Microbes in the Ocean
  170. 12.5: Phototropic Primary Production and Light
  171. 12.6: Primary Production and Nutrients
  172. 12.7: Food Webs
  173. 12.8: Geographic Variation in Primary Production
  174. 12.9: Dissolved Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
  175. 12.10: Organic Carbon
  176. 12.11: Biological Provinces and Zones
  177. 12.12: Plankton
  178. 12.13: Nekton
  179. 12.14: Benthos
  180. 12.15: Chapter Summary
  181. 12.15.1: Key Terms
  182. 12.15.2: Chapter Questions
  183. 12.15.3: References
  184. 13: Coastal Oceans and Estuaries
  185. 13.1: Special Characteristics of Coastal Oceans
  186. 13.2: Nutrient Supply to the Coastal Photic Zone
  187. 13.3: Seasonal Cycles
  188. 13.4: Algal Blooms
  189. 13.5: Fisheries
  190. 13.6: Estuaries
  191. 13.7: Chapter Summary
  192. 13.7.1: Key Terms
  193. 13.7.2: Chapter Questions
  194. 13.7.3: References
  195. 14: Marine Ecology
  196. 14.1: Ecological Requirements
  197. 14.2: Habitats
  198. 14.3: Feeding
  199. 14.4: Hunting and Defense
  200. 14.5: Selected Adaptations in Fishes
  201. 14.6: Reproduction
  202. 14.7: Associations
  203. 14.8: Communication and Navigation
  204. 14.9: Chapter Summary
  205. 14.9.1: Key Terms
  206. 14.9.2: Chapter Questions
  207. 14.9.3: References
  208. 15: Ocean Ecosystems
  209. 15.1: Communities and Niches
  210. 15.2: Coral Reefs
  211. 15.3: Kelp Forests
  212. 15.4: Rocky Intertidal Communities
  213. 15.5: Sargasso Sea
  214. 15.6: Polar Regions
  215. 15.7: Beyond the Sun's Light
  216. 15.8: Hydrothermal Vents
  217. 15.9: Chapter Summary
  218. 15.9.1: Key Terms
  219. 15.9.2: Chapter Questions
  220. 15.9.3: References
  221. 16: Impacts of Humans on the Oceans
  222. 16.1: Pollution versus Contamination
  223. 16.2: Adverse Effects of Human Activities
  224. 16.3: Toxicity
  225. 16.4: Waste Disposal
  226. 16.5: Ocean Pollution Issues
  227. 16.6: Climate Change, Acidification, and Deoxygenation
  228. 16.7: Risk Assessment and Management
  229. 16.8: Chapter Summary
  230. 16.8.1: Key Terms
  231. 16.8.2: Chapter Questions
  232. 16.8.3: References
  233. 16.9: Box 1 - Petroleum in the Marine Environment
  234. 16.10: Box 2 - Sewage Wastes in the Marine Environment
  235. 16.11: Box 3 - Radioactive Wastes in the Marine Environment
  236. 17: Critical Concepts
  237. 17.1: CC1 Density and Layering in Fluids
  238. 17.2: CC2 Isostasy, Eustasy, and Sea Level
  239. 17.3: CC3 Convection and Convection Cells
  240. 17.4: CC4 Particle Size, Sinking, Deposition, and Resuspension
  241. 17.5: CC5 Transfer and Storage of Heat by Water
  242. 17.6: CC6 Salinity, Temperature, Pressure, and Water Density
  243. 17.7: CC7 Radioactivity and Age Dating
  244. 17.8: CC8 Residence Time
  245. 17.9: CC9 The Global Greenhouse Effect
  246. 17.10: CC10 Modeling
  247. 17.11: CC11 Chaos
  248. 17.12: CC12 The Coriolis Effect
  249. 17.13: CC13 Geostrophic Flow
  250. 17.14: CC14 Phototrophy, Light, and Nutrients
  251. 17.15: CC15 Food Chain Efficiency
  252. 17.16: CC16 Maximum Sustainable Yield
  253. 17.17: CC17 Species Diversity and Biodiversity
  254. 17.18: CC18 Toxicity
  255. 17.19: CC19 Metagenomics
  256. 17.20: References
  257. Back Matter
  258. Index
  259. Glossary
  260. Appendix 1 - Units and Converstion Factors
  261. Appendix 2 - Dimensions of Earth and Ocean
  262. Appendix 3 - Classification of Marine Organisms
  263. Appendix 4 - Milestones in the History of Ocean Study
  264. Detailed Licensing