6.1: What to Expect

There are many abstract concepts in research studies of vital interest that cannot be measured directly. In this chapter we will investigate the methods that researchers used to measure these abstract concepts indirectly using measurements that can be observed. This process is based on a system of conceptualization, deciding what is to be measured, and operationalization, defining how the concept is going to be measured. To ensure that the measurement system is sound, the reliability and validity must be carefully studied. We will discuss how researchers decide if a measurement system is both reliable and valid.

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

1. Identify when a measurement system is being used to measure an abstract concept that cannot be measured directly.
2. Determine if a measurement is directly observable, indirectly observable, or a construct.
3. Define a concept and be able to identify concepts.
4. Define and discuss the process of conceptualization.
5. Determine the dimensions and indicators of a concept.
6. Define and discuss the process of operationalization.
7. Define and discuss validity and reliability.

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