Introduction to the American Criminal Justice System

by Burke et al.

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This text covers law enforcement, criminal courts, sentencing, penal institutions, and community-based sanctions. It also includes historical and contemporary perspectives on components of the criminal justice system, as well as the legal and constitutional frameworks in which they operate.

Description from LibreTexts.

Publisher
Southern Oregon University
Subjects
Social Sciences, Criminology and Criminal Justice
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0, as LibreTexts states it
Who can read
Teens profiles and older, judged from its title and subjects

Contents

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  1. Front Matter
  2. TitlePage
  3. InfoPage
  4. Table of Contents
  5. Licensing
  6. Chapter 1: Crime, Criminal Justice, and Criminology
  7. 1.1: Crime and the Criminal Justice System
  8. 1.2: Deviance, Rule Violations, and Criminality
  9. 1.3: Social Norms- Folkways, Mores, Taboo, and Laws
  10. 1.4: Interactionist View
  11. 1.5: Consensus View and Decriminalizing Laws
  12. 1.6: Conflict View
  13. 1.7: The Three C’s- Cops, Courts, and Corrections
  14. 1.8: The Crime Control and Due Process Models
  15. 1.9: How Cases Move Through the System
  16. 1.10: Media Coverage of Crimes
  17. 1.11: Wedding Cake Model of Justice
  18. 1.12: Street Crime, Corporate Crime, and White-Collar Crime
  19. 1.13: Different Types of Crimes and Offenses
  20. 1.14: Victims and Victim Typologies
  21. 1.15: Victim Rights and Assistance
  22. Chapter 2: Defining and Measuring Crime and Criminal Justice
  23. 2.1: Dark or Hidden Figure of Crime
  24. 2.2: Official Statistics
  25. 2.3: Victimization Studies
  26. 2.4: Self-Report Statistics
  27. 2.5: Misusing Statistics
  28. Chapter 3: Criminal Law
  29. 3.1: Functions and Limitations of Law
  30. 3.2: Civil, Criminal, and Moral Wrongs
  31. 3.3: Sources of Criminal Law- Federal and State Constitutions
  32. 3.4: Sources of Criminal Law- Statutes, Ordinances, and Other Legislative Enactments
  33. 3.5: Sources of Law- Administrative Law, Common Law, Case Law and Court Rules
  34. 3.6: Classifications of Law
  35. 3.7: Substantive Law- Defining Crimes, Inchoate Liability, Accomplice Liability, and Defenses
  36. 3.8: Substantive Law- Punishment- Incarceration and Confinement Sanctions
  37. 3.9: Substantive Law- Physical Punishment Sentences
  38. 3.10: Substantive Law- Monetary Punishment Sentences
  39. 3.11: Substantive Law- Community-Based Sentences
  40. 3.12: Procedural Law
  41. Chapter 4: Criminal Justice Policy
  42. 4.1: Importance of Policy in Criminal Justice
  43. 4.2: The Myth of Moral Panics
  44. 4.3: The Stages of Policy Development
  45. 4.4: Importance of Evidence Based Practices
  46. 4.5: Re-Evaluating Policy
  47. Chapter 5: Criminological Theory
  48. 5.1: What is Theory?
  49. 5.2: What Makes a Good Theory?
  50. 5.3: Pre-Classical Theory
  51. 5.4: Classical School
  52. 5.5: Neoclassical
  53. 5.6: Positivist Criminology
  54. 5.7: Biological and Psychological Positivism
  55. 5.8: The Chicago School
  56. 5.9: Strain Theories
  57. 5.10: Learning Theories
  58. 5.11: Control Theories
  59. 5.12: Other Criminological Theories
  60. 5.13: "Spare the Rod, Spoil the Child" Myth
  61. Chapter 6: Policing
  62. 6.1: Policing in Ancient Times
  63. 6.2: Sir Robert Peel
  64. 6.3: Policing Eras
  65. 6.4: Levels of Policing and Role of Police
  66. 6.5: Recruitment and Hiring in Policing
  67. 6.6: Recruitment and Hiring Websites for Future Careers
  68. 6.7: Police Misconduct, Accountability, and Corruption
  69. 6.8: Current Issues- Police Shootings
  70. 6.9: Current Issues- Use of Force and Vehicle Pursuits
  71. 6.10: Current Issues- Stereotypes in Policing
  72. 6.11: Current Issues- Accountability
  73. 6.12: Current Issues- Internal Affairs and Discipline
  74. 6.13: Current Issues- Body Cameras
  75. 6.14: Myth- “Police Only Write Speeding Tickets to Harass Citizens and it is Entrapment.”
  76. Chapter 7: Courts
  77. 7.1: Introduction to the U.S. Court System
  78. 7.2: Jurisdiction
  79. 7.3: Structure of the Courts- The Dual Court and Federal Court System
  80. 7.4: Structure of the Courts- State Courts
  81. 7.5: American Trial Courts and the Principle of Orality
  82. 7.6: The Appeals Process, Standard of Review, and Appellate Decisions
  83. 7.7: Federal Appellate Review of State Cases
  84. 7.8: Courtroom Players- Judges and Court Staff
  85. 7.9: Courtroom Players- Prosecutors
  86. 7.10: Courtroom Workgroup- Defense Attorneys
  87. Chapter 8: Corrections
  88. 8.1: A Brief History of The Philosophies of Punishment
  89. 8.2: Retribution
  90. 8.3: Deterrence
  91. 8.4: Incapacitation
  92. 8.5: Rehabilitation
  93. 8.6: Prisons and Jails
  94. 8.7: A Brief History of Prisons and Jails
  95. 8.8: Types of Jails
  96. 8.9: Who Goes to Jail?
  97. 8.10: Growth of Prisons in the United States
  98. 8.11: Types of Prisons
  99. 8.12: Prison Levels
  100. 8.13: Who Goes to Prison?
  101. Chapter 9: Community Corrections
  102. 9.1: Diversion
  103. 9.2: Intermediate Sanctions
  104. 9.3: Probation
  105. 9.4: Boot Camps and Shock Incarceration
  106. 9.5: Drug Courts
  107. 9.6: Halfway Houses
  108. 9.7: House Arrest
  109. 9.8: Community Residential Facilities
  110. 9.9: Restorative Justice
  111. 9.10: Parole
  112. 9.11: Current Issues in Corrections
  113. 9.12: Current Issues in Corrections- Mass Incarceration
  114. 9.13: Current Issues in Corrections- War on Drugs and Gangs
  115. 9.14: Current Issues in Corrections- Aging and Overcrowding
  116. 9.15: Current Issues in Corrections- Reentry and the Future of Corrections
  117. Chapter 10: Juvenile Justice
  118. 10.1: Youth Crime
  119. 10.2: Juvenile Justice
  120. 10.3: History of the Juvenile Justice System
  121. 10.4: Delinquency
  122. 10.5: Juvenile Justice Process
  123. 10.6: Due Process in the Juvenile Court
  124. 10.7: The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974
  125. 10.8: Getting Tough- Initiatives for Punishment and Accountability
  126. 10.9: Returning to Rehabilitation in the Contemporary Juvenile Justice System
  127. 10.10: The Structure of the Juvenile Justice System
  128. 10.11: Juvenile Institutions
  129. Back Matter
  130. Index
  131. Glossary
  132. Detailed Licensing