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22.5: Key Terms

Pharmacology for Nurses · LibreTexts

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    From LibreTexts, under CC BY 4.0, as the source states it; its equations are written in TeX, which the PDF shows typeset. This page at LibreTexts.

    acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
    death of cardiac tissue due to lack of oxygen
    adrenergic agonist
    a drug that stimulates adrenergic receptors, resulting in sympathetic nervous system stimulation
    anaphylaxis
    systemic and overwhelming immune response to an antigen
    angina
    discomfort in the front of the chest, neck, shoulders, jaw, or arms that is precipitated by physical exertion and is relieved by rest or sublingual nitrates
    anticholinergic
    having the effect of inhibiting the cholinergic receptors, which then inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system
    asystole
    a state of cardiac standstill; complete cessation of electrical activity of the heart
    atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response
    a dysrhythmia that involves rapid electrical stimulation, causing the atria and ventricles to contract rapidly
    calcium channel blocker
    a classification of drugs that prevent calcium from entering cells by binding to long-acting voltage-gated calcium channels in the heart, smooth muscle, and pancreas
    cardiac output
    the product of the heart rate and stroke volume, or the amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat
    cardiogenic shock
    shock caused by cardiac damage (pump failure)
    defibrillation
    administration of electrical shock to a person experiencing a life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmia in an effort to restore normal sinus rhythm
    dysrhythmia
    an irregular heart rhythm
    hypovolemic shock
    decreased tissue perfusion caused by decreased circulating blood volume
    infarction
    cell death due to lack of oxygen
    inotropic agent
    a drug that causes the heart to contract with more force
    ischemia
    deficient supply of blood to tissues, which can cause injury
    nitrate
    a classification of drugs that cause vasodilation of blood vessels by imparting nitric oxide, which relaxes smooth muscles
    opioid agonist
    a drug that stimulates the opioid receptors and decreases pain sensations
    oxygen saturation
    measure of how much hemoglobin is bound to oxygen in the bloodstream
    pulmonary edema
    excessive fluid in the lungs
    pulseless electrical activity
    a life-threatening dysrhythmia in which the electrical system conducts impulses but the cardiac myocytes do not respond
    pulseless ventricular tachycardia
    a life-threatening dysrhythmia in which the ventricles contract so rapidly that a pulse cannot be detected
    shock
    decreased tissue perfusion to the point of hypoxia, which causes cells to undergo anaerobic metabolism; if not reversed, will lead to cell and tissue death
    supraventricular tachycardia
    rapid heart rate that originates above the ventricles
    symptomatic bradycardia
    heart rate less than 60 beats/min that causes the individual to have symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting
    systemic vascular resistance
    resistance to blood flow by the blood vessels
    ventricular fibrillation
    a life-threatening dysrhythmia originating in the ventricles in which the ventricles are not coordinated in their contraction, leading to minimal cardiac output
    ventricular tachycardia
    a dysrhythmia that originates from the ventricles and causes them to contract rapidly

    This page titled 22.5: Key Terms was last modified on Sun, 29 Dec 2024 07:59:16 GMT and is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax.