6.7: References

Essentials of Physiology for Nurse Anesthetists (Gopalan) · LibreTexts

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    1. Mader, S. S., & Windelspecht, M. (2019). Human Biology. McGraw-Hill Education.

    2. Guyton, A. C., & Hall, J. E. (2016). Textbook of Medical Physiology. Elsevier.

    3. Sherwood, L. (2015). Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems. Cengage Learning.

    4. Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library. (2018, April 5). Cross section: teased skeletal muscle. Muscle Tissue: Skeletal Muscle Fibers. Retrieved from [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Muscle_Tissue_Skeletal_Muscle_Fibers_%2840153601630%29.jpg ] Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library. (2018, April 5). Cross section: smooth muscle. Muscle Tissue: Smooth. Retrieved from [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Muscle_Tissue_Smooth_%2840087100490%29.jpg ] Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library. (2018, April 5). Cross section: cardiac muscle. Muscle Tissue: Cardiac Muscle. Retrieved from [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Muscle_Tissue_Cardiac_Muscle_%2842013029032%29.jpg ]

    5. Widmaier, E. P., Raff, H., & Strang, K. T. (2016). Vander's Human Physiology: The Mechanisms of Body Function. McGraw-Hill Education.

    6. Martini, F. H., Nath, J. L., Bartholomew, E. F., Ober, W. C., & Petti, K. M. (2018). Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th ed.). Pearson Education.

    7. Saladin, K. S. (2018). Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

    8. Silverthorn, D. U. (2018). Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach. Pearson.

    9. ScholarJay. (2022, November 1). General depiction of a motor unit [Image]. Own work. Retrieved from [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Motor_Unit.png ]

    10. Shushruth. (2006, August 19). NACh Receptor [Image]. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved from [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NACh_receptor.PNG ]

    11. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 10.6 Motor End-Plate and Innervation. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/ff663ee127683f7dd83c225b6d39d277da9256ed ]

    12. Elliejellybelly13. (2015, June 7). Muscles will contract or relax when they receive signals from the nervous system [Image]. Own work. Retrieved from [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/The_Muscle_Contraction_Process.png ]

    13. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 10.3 The Three Connective Tissue Layers. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/7990f132356dc4b9ee2949417ac064b52b47b06f ]

    14.  Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 10.4 Muscle Fiber. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/079419aef68b615feb19ec1d7a05d558e06b5adc ]

    15. Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., & Walter, P. (2014). Molecular Biology of the Cell (6th ed.). Garland Science.

    16. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 10.5 The Sarcomere. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/20598ea3cb1cf18c62196a5f93bbe36a1a6d246f ]

    17. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 10.7 The T-tubule. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/d9b10442a6f0569d0b57588ff01150c417d02884 ]

    18. Fill, M., & Zahradník, I. (2012). Molecular Basis of Excitation-Contraction Coupling. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 740, 959-978. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_43

    19. Walsh, D., & Sved, A. (2019, September 16). *Coupling of the muscle action potential to Ca++ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum: The dihydropyridine receptor and ryanodine receptor* [Diagram]. Wikimedia Commons. [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Coupling_of_the_muscle_action_potential_to_Ca%2B%2B_release_from_the_sarcoplasmic_reticulum_-_the_dihydropyridine_receptor_and_ryanodine_receptor.png ]

    20. Johnson, L. R. (2022). Principles of Medical Physiology. Elsevier.

    21. Costanzo, L. S. (2018). Physiology (6th ed.). Elsevier.

    22. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). The Sliding Filament Model of Muscle Contraction. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/1463f0ef934552382ad130bf14cd23dd9e1e779a ]

    23. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 10.8 Contraction of a Muscle Fiber. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/d27415657173fa90321a95a51a9637b20d168b70 ]

    24. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 10.9 Relaxation of a Muscle Fiber. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/d27415657173fa90321a95a51a9637b20d168b70 ]

    25. Pham S, Puckett Y. Physiology, Skeletal Muscle Contraction. [Updated 2023 May 1]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from [ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559006/ ]

    26. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 10.9 Relaxation of a Muscle Fiber. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/86ea61f9cc667f8fdba8e214b3cefcb16b60676e ]

    27. Kenney, W. L., Wilmore, J. H., & Costill, D. L. (2022). Physiology of Sport and Exercise (7th ed.). Human Kinetics.

    28. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 10.12 Muscle Metabolism. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/b54437d9c1a12b07842921d529ee26b6b8a788a5 ]

    29. McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., & Katch, V. L. (2021). Exercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human Performance(9th ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health.

    30. Lieber, R. L. (2020). Skeletal Muscle Structure, Function, and Plasticity. Wolters Kluwer Health.

    31. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 10.14 The Ideal Length of a Sarcomere. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/e49c4199749b70779ff60b6ce90cc734a2478391 ]

    32. Powers, S. K., & Howley, E. T. (2021). Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance (11th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

    33. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 10.13 Types of Muscle Contractions. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/385a6ffe78f42f8c409401a1239eca47202fbb7b ]

    34. Baechle, T. R., & Earle, R. W. (2020). Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning (4th ed.). Human Kinetics.

    35. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 10.15 A Myogram of a Muscle Twitch. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/70ce61f1d91bfabb1380bc8e4536bbab0dc8cc05 ]

    36. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 10.16 Wave Summation and Tetanus. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/8dcd185fc693a743ca3fab91514e09341203d403 ]

    37. Kandel, E. R., Schwartz, J. H., Jessell, T. M., Siegelbaum, S. A., & Hudspeth, A. J. (2013). Principles of Neural Science(5th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

    38. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 10.17 Treppe. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/9dae424d070461811aaffd6f7528e9f45efbe02b ]

    39. Snell, R. S. (2010). Clinical Neuroanatomy (7th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

    40. Flood, P., Rathmell, J. P., & Shafer, S. (2014). Stoelting's Pharmacology & Physiology in Anesthetic Practice (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

    41. Marieb, E. N., & Hoehn, K. (2019). Human anatomy & physiology (11th ed.). Pearson.

    42. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 10.23 Smooth Muscle Tissue. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/0f9c0c0dce95ae4a54187eb26d9f0095f36e1aef ]

    43. Walsh, D., & Sved, A. (2019). Smooth muscle cell contraction [Digital image]. Wikimedia Commons. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Smooth_muscle_cell_contraction.png

    44. Sullivan, J., & Torchia, M. (2019). Principles of Physiology (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

    45. Webb, R. C. (2003, December 1). [FIG. 1 Regulation of smooth muscle contraction. ]. In Smooth Muscle Contraction and Relaxation. Advances in Physiology Education, 27(4).   [https://journals.physiology.org/cms/10.1152/advan.00025.2003/asset/images/medium/u10430173001.jpeg ]

    46. Murray, R. K., Bender, D. A., Botham, K. M., Kennelly, P. J., & Rodwell, V. W. (Eds.). (2018). Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry (31st ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

    47. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 10.25 Motor Units. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/96e6248554bc189ec4c99aed7b71f07e425aabee ]

    48. Roberts, S. B., & Shear, C. R. (1999). Bone Tissue: Composition, Organization, and Function. In G. A. Rodan & R. P. Bilezikian (Eds.), Principles of Bone Biology (Vol. 1, pp. 3-19). Academic Press.

    49. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 6.7 Anatomy of a Long Bone. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/584a309c687dbba48af841cf629d2a6937ad6599 ]

    50. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 6.12 Diagram of Compact Bone. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/301b6f7a5ee06e44f1c81fea177fc92f579061b5 ]

    51. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 6.13 Diagram of Spongy Bone. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/7e2f0912df46040139feeffbec2d11c4bf8cc5a6 ]

    52. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 6.8 Periosteum and Endosteum. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/672d391b03509aa4dfecbb7fe15b4febbc463e3f ]

    53. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 6.11 Bone Cells. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/a556bd455f44e1339456a7f7f065b1d9184940ed ]

    54. Bilezikian, John P., et al. Principles of Bone Biology. 2nd ed., Academic Press, 2008.

    55. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 6.16 Intramembranous Ossification. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/adc7826f821d921d2b47a768327e1204b1a47dc7 ]

    56. Martin, R. B., Burr, D. B., Sharkey, N. A., & Fyhrie, D. P. (2015). Skeletal Tissue Mechanics (2nd ed.). Springer.

    57. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 6.17 Endochondral Ossification. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/acb367be0c8eb09417dd0588910685533efa0c80 ]

    58. Hall, B. K. Endochondral Ossification: A Model for Developmental Biology. CRC Critical Reviews in Biochemistry, vol. 20, no. 4, 1986, pp. 363-396. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/30266531.

    59. Betts, J. G. et al. (2022). Figure 6.18 Longitudinal Bone Growth. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. Retrieved from [https://openstax.org/apps/image-cdn/v1/f=webp/apps/archive/20230828.164620/resources/aaa021b0d0eab80f66f4c7fab30575cb0ccb0b42 ]

    60. Bone Modeling and Remodeling. Boundless Anatomy and Physiology, Lumen Learning,courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ap/chapter/bone-modeling-and-remodeling/. Accessed 4 July 2024.

    61. Laboratoires Servier. (2019, September 29). Bone remodeling [Image]. Retrieved from [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Bone_regeneration_-_Bone_remodeling_cycle_III_-_Osteoclasts_Monocytes_Pre-osteoblasts_etc_--_Smart-Servier.jpg/1600px-Bone_regeneration_-_Bone_remodeling_cycle_III_-_Osteoclasts_Monocytes_Pre-osteoblasts_etc_--_Smart-Servier.jpg?20190929000056 ]

    62. Rosen, C. J., Bouxsein, M. L., & Compston, J. E. (2013). Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism (8th ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.

    63. Eastell, R., & Szulc, P. (2017). Use of Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover in Osteoporosis. In Marcus, R., Feldman, D., Dempster, D. W., Luckey, M., & Cauley, J. A. (Eds.), Osteoporosis (4th ed., pp. 1571-1596). Academic Press.

    This page titled 6.7: References was last modified on Tue, 18 Mar 2025 01:40:25 GMT and is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Chaya Gopalan (Consortium of Academic and Research Libraries in Illinois (CARLI)) .