Green Chemistry and the Ten Commandments of Sustainability

by Stanley E. Manahan

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Green Chemistry seeks to present a body of chemical knowledge from the most fundamental level within a framework of the relationship of chemical science to human beings, their surroundings, and their environment. This book discusses real-world chemistry, introducing chemical principles as needed.

Description from LibreTexts.

Publisher
University of Missouri
Subjects
Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry
Licence
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, as LibreTexts states it. Non-commercial use only.
Who can read
Tweens profiles and older, judged from its title and subjects

Contents

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  1. Front Matter
  2. Preface
  3. InfoPage
  4. Table of Contents
  5. Licensing
  6. 1: Sustainability and the Environment
  7. 1.1: Sustainability
  8. 1.2: The Environment and the Five Environmental Sphere
  9. 1.3: Seeing Green
  10. 1.4: Natural Capital of the Earth
  11. 1.5: Sustainability as a Group Effort- It Takes a (Very Big) Village
  12. 1.6: Sustainable Energy- Away from the Sun and Back Again
  13. 1.7: Green Science
  14. 1.8: Green Technology
  15. 1.9: Sustainability and the Eco-Economy
  16. 1.10: Green Products and Services- Design for Sustainability
  17. Questions and Problems
  18. 2: The Key Role of Chemistry and Making Chemistry Green
  19. 2.1: Chemistry is Good (and Unavoidable)
  20. 2.2: The Environment and its Chemistry
  21. 2.3: What is Environmental Chemistry?
  22. 2.4: Environmental Pollution
  23. 2.5: Practice of Green Chemistry
  24. 2.6: Green Chemistry and Synthetic Chemistry
  25. 2.7: Reduction of Risk- Hazard and Exposure
  26. 2.8: The Risks of No Risks
  27. 2.9: Waste Prevention
  28. 2.10: Basic Principles of Green Chemistry
  29. 2.11: Some Things to Know About Chemistry before You Even Start
  30. 2.12: Combining Atoms to Make Molecules and Compounds
  31. 2.13: The process of making and breaking chemical bonds- chemical reactions
  32. 2.14: The Nature of Matter and States of Matter
  33. References and Questions
  34. 3: The Elements - Basic Building Blocks of Green Chemicals
  35. 3.1: Elements, Atoms, and Atomic Theory
  36. 3.2: Hydrogen - The Simplest Atom
  37. 3.3: Helium - The First Noble Gas
  38. 3.4: Lithium, The First Metal
  39. 3.5: The Second Period of the Periodic Table
  40. 3.6: The Magic Octet of 8 Outer-Shell Electrons
  41. 3.7: Completing the 20-Element Periodic Table
  42. 3.8: The Brief Periodic Table is Complete
  43. 3.E: The Elements - Basic Building Blocks of Green Chemicals (Exercises)
  44. 3.R: References
  45. 4: Compounds- Safer Materials for a Safer World
  46. 4.1: Chemical Bonds and Compound Formation
  47. 4.2: Electrons Involved in Chemical Bonds and Octets of Electrons
  48. 4.3: Sodium Chloride and Ionic Bonds
  49. 4.4: Covalent Bonds in H2 and Other Molecules
  50. 4.5: Covalent Bonds in Compounds
  51. 4.6: Covalent Bonds and Green Chemistry
  52. 4.7: Predicting Formulas of Covalently Bound Compounds
  53. 4.8: Chemical Formulas, the Mole, and Percentage Composition
  54. 4.9: What Are Chemical Compounds Called?
  55. 4.10: Acids, Bases and Salts
  56. Questions and Problems
  57. 5: Chemical Reactions- Making Materials Safely and Sustainable
  58. 5.1: Describing What Happens with Chemical Equations
  59. 5.2: Balancing Chemical Equations
  60. 5.3: Just Because You Can Write It Doesn't Mean That It Will Happen
  61. 5.4: Yield And Atom Economy in Chemical Reactions
  62. 5.5: Catalysts That Make Reactions Go
  63. 5.6: Kinds of Chemical Reactions
  64. 5.7: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions and Green Chemistry
  65. 5.8: Quantitative Information from Chemical Reactions
  66. 5.9: Energy in Chemical Reactions
  67. 5.10: Stoichiometry by the Mole Ratio Method
  68. 5.11: Limiting Reactant and Percent Yield
  69. 5.12: Titrations - Measuring Moles by Volume of Solution
  70. 5.13: Industrial Chemical Reactions - The Solvay Process
  71. Questions and Problems
  72. 6: The Wonderful World of Carbon - Organic Chemistry and Biochemicals
  73. 6.1: Rings and Chains of Carbon Atoms
  74. 6.2: Compounds of Carbon and Hydrogen - Hydrocarbons
  75. 6.3: Using Lines To Show Organic Structural Formulas
  76. 6.4: Functional Groups
  77. 6.5: Giant Molecules from Small Organic Molecules
  78. Questions and Problems
  79. Supplementary References
  80. 7: Chemistry of Life and Green Chemistry
  81. 7.1: Green Biochemistry
  82. 7.2: Biochemistry and the Cells
  83. 7.3: Carbohydrates
  84. 7.4: Proteins
  85. 7.5: Lipids - Fats, Oils, and Hormones
  86. 7.6: Nucleic Acids
  87. 7.7: Enzymes
  88. 7.8: Biochemical Processes in Metabolism
  89. 7.9: Biochemistry of Toxic Substances and Toxicological Chemistry
  90. Literature Cited
  91. Questions and Problems
  92. Supplementary References
  93. 8: The Five Environmental Spheres and Biogeochemical Cycle
  94. 8.1: Five Environmental Spheres
  95. 8.2: The Hydrosphere
  96. 8.3: The Atmosphere
  97. 8.4: The Geosphere
  98. 8.5: The Biosphere
  99. 8.6: The Anthrosphere
  100. 8.7: Cycles of Matter
  101. Questions and Problems
  102. Supplementary References
  103. 9: Water - the Ultimate Green Substance
  104. 9.1: H₂O - Simple Formula, Remarkable Molecule
  105. 9.2: Occurrence, Availability , and Utilization of Water on Earth
  106. 9.4: Water Pollution
  107. 9.5: Greening of Water - Purification Before Use
  108. 9.6: Wastewater Treatment
  109. 9.7: Advanced Wastewater Treatment and Recycling
  110. 9.8: The Many Uses of Water
  111. 9.9: Hot Water - Pressurized Subcritical Water
  112. 9.10: Supercritical Water
  113. 9.3: Water Chemistry
  114. Literature Cited
  115. Questions and Problems
  116. Supplementary References
  117. 10: Blue Skies for a Green Environment
  118. 10.1: More Than Just Air to Breathe
  119. 10.2: The Gas Laws
  120. 10.3: The Protective Atmosphere
  121. 10.4: Atmospheric Chemistry and Photochemical Reactions
  122. 10.6: The Enormous Importance of Climate
  123. 10.7: Atmospheric Particle Pollutants
  124. 10.8: Pollutant Gaseous Oxides
  125. 10.9: Acid Rain
  126. 10.10: Miscellaneous Gases in the Atmosphere
  127. 10.11: Photochemical Smog
  128. 10.12: Natural Capital of the Atmosphere
  129. 10.5: Energy and Mass Transfer in the Atmosphere
  130. Questions and Problems
  131. Supplementary References
  132. 11: The Geosphere and a Green Earth
  133. 11.1: Probing Deep into the Geosphere - A Well Too Far?
  134. 11.2: The Nature of the Geosphere
  135. 11.3: The Geosphere as a Source of Natural Capital
  136. 11.4: Environmental Hazards of the Geosphere
  137. 11.5: Water on and in the Geosphere
  138. 11.6: Anthrospheric Influences on the Geosphere
  139. 11.7: The Geosphere as a Waste Repository
  140. 11.8: Have You Thanked a Clod Today?
  141. 11.9: Plant Nutrients and Fertilizers in Soil
  142. 11.10: Soil and Plants Related To Wastes and Pollutants
  143. 11.11: Soil Loss - Desertification and Deforestation
  144. Literature Cited and Supplementary References
  145. Questions and Problems
  146. 12: The Biosphere and the Role of Green Chemistry in Feeding a Hungry World
  147. 12.1: Pigweed’s Revenge
  148. 12.2: The Biosphere
  149. 12.3: Cells - Basic Units of Life
  150. 12.4: Metabolism and Control in Organisms
  151. 12.5: Reproduction and Inherited Traits
  152. 12.6: Stability and Equilibrium of the Biosphere
  153. 12.7: DNA and the Human Genome
  154. 12.8: Genetic Engineering
  155. 12.9: Biological Interaction with Environmental Chemicals
  156. 12.10: Biodegradation
  157. 12.11: Production of Food and Fiber by the Biosphere - Agriculture
  158. 12.12: Agricultural Applications of Genetically Modified Organisms
  159. 12.13: The Anthrosphere in Support of the Biosphere
  160. 12.14: Livestock and their Wastes
  161. Questions and Problems
  162. Supplementary References
  163. 13: The Anthrosphere, Industrial Ecology, and Green Chemistry
  164. 13.1: Industrial Ecology and Industrial Ecosystems
  165. 13.2: Metabolic Processes in Industrial Ecosystems
  166. 13.3: Life Cycles in Industrial Ecosystems
  167. 13.4: Kinds of Products
  168. 13.5: Attributes Required by an Industrial Ecosystem
  169. 13.6: The Kalundborg Industrial Ecosystem
  170. 13.7: Environmental Impacts of Industrial Ecosystems
  171. 13.8: Green Chemistry and Industrial Ecology
  172. 13.9: Predicting and Reducing Hazards
  173. 13.10: The E-Factor in Green Chemistry
  174. 13.11: Catalysts and Catalysis
  175. 13.12: Biocatalysis with Enzymes
  176. 13.13: Energizing Chemical Reactions and Process Intensification
  177. 13.14: Solvents and Alternate Reaction Media
  178. 13.15: Feedstocks and Reagents
  179. Literature Cited and Supplementary References
  180. Questions and Problems
  181. 14: Feeding the Anthrosphere- Utilizing Renewable and Biological Materials
  182. 14.1: Feeding the Anthrosphere
  183. 14.2: Utilization of Feedstocks
  184. 14.3: Biological Feedstocks
  185. 14.4: Biological Sources of Chemicals
  186. 14.5: Biorefineries and Biomass Utilization
  187. 14.6: Monosaccharide Feedstocks - Glucose, Fructose, and Xylose
  188. 14.7: Cellulose
  189. 14.8: Feedstocks from Cellulose Wastes
  190. 14.9: Lignin
  191. 14.10: Direct Biosynthesis of Polymers
  192. 14.11: Bioconversion Processes for Synthetic Chemicals
  193. 14.12: Bamboo - Ancient Material for the Future
  194. Literature Cited
  195. Questions and Problems
  196. 15: Sustainable Energy- The Essential Basis of Green Systems
  197. 15.1: Sustainability and Energy
  198. 15.2: What is Energy?
  199. 15.3: Radiant Energy from the Sun
  200. 15.4: Sources of Energy Used in the Anthrosphere
  201. 15.5: Conversions Between Forms of Energy
  202. 15.6: Green Technology for Energy Conversion
  203. 15.7: Energy Conservation
  204. 15.8: Depletable Fossil Fuels
  205. 15.9: Carbon Sequestration for Fossil Fuel Utilization
  206. 15.10: Nuclear Energy
  207. 15.11: Renewable Energy Sources - Solar Energy
  208. 15.12: Energy from Wind and Water
  209. 15.13: Biomass Energy
  210. 15.14: Geothermal Energy
  211. 15.15: Hydrogen for Energy Storage and Utilization
  212. Literature Cited and Supplementary References
  213. Questions and Problems
  214. 16: Terrorism, Toxicity, and Vulnerability- Green Chemistry and Technology in Defense of Human Welfare
  215. 16.1: Vulnerability to Terrorist Attack
  216. 16.2: Protecting the Anthrosphere
  217. 16.3: Substances That Explode, Burn, or React Violently
  218. 16.4: Toxic Substances and Toxicology
  219. 16.5: Toxic Chemical Attack
  220. 16.6: Protecting Water, Food, and Air
  221. 16.7: Detecting Hazards
  222. 16.8: Green Chemistry to Combat Terrorism
  223. 16.9: Green Chemistry for Sustainable Prosperity and a Safer World
  224. 16.10: Green Chemistry to Combat Terrorism
  225. 16.11: Green Chemistry for Sustainable Prosperity and and a Safer World
  226. Literature Cited
  227. Questions and Problems
  228. 17: The Ten Commandments of Sustainability and Sensible Measure
  229. 17.1: We Cannot Go on Like This
  230. 17.2: The First Commandment
  231. 17.3: The Second Commandment
  232. 17.4: The Third Commandment
  233. 17.5: The Fourth Commandment
  234. 17.6: The Fifth Commandment
  235. 17.7: The Sixth Commandment
  236. 17.8: The Seventh Commandment
  237. 17.10: The Ninth Commandment
  238. 17.11: The Tenth Commandment
  239. 17.12: Some Sensible Measures for Sustainability
  240. 17.9: The Eighth Commandment
  241. Literature Cited
  242. Questions and Problems
  243. Supplementary References
  244. Back Matter
  245. Index
  246. Detailed Licensing