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Chemical equilibrium is a state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the backward reaction. In other words, there is no net change in concentrations of reactants and products. This kind of equilibrium is also called dynamic equilibrium and can be used in a wide range of processes including both chemical and physical changes. An equilibrium is a situation whereby the quantity or quality of the sample does not change in time. Such a situation is intimately connected to "thermodynamics" as discussed in previously. As you will learn in Chem 2CH, electrochemistry is the third member of this troika.
- Chapter 5: Chemical Equilibrium
- Chemical equilibrium is the state in which both reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time. This results when the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction. Thus, no net changes in the concentrations of the reactant(s) and product(s) are observed. This is known as dynamic equilibrium
- 5.5: Gas-Phase and Heterogeneous Reaction Equilibria
- 5.8: Distribution between Immiscible Phases - Extraction and Separation Processes
- 5.9: Chemical Equilibrium (Exercises)
- 5.1: The Nature of Chemical Equilibrium
- 5.2: The Empirical Law of Mass Action
- 5.3: Thermodynamic Description of the Equilibrium State
- 5.4: The Law of Mass Action for Related and Simultaneous Equilibria
- 5.6: Empirical Description
- 5.7: The Direction of Change in Chemical Reactions - Thermodynamic Explanation
- Chapter 6: Acid–Base Equilibria
- Acid-base reactions form the basis of the most common kinds of equilibrium problems which you will encounter in almost any application of chemistry. There are three major classifications of acids and bases: (1) The Arrhenius definition, (2) the Brønsted-Lowry and (3) the Lewis definitions of acids and bases.
- 6.4: Equilibria Involving Weak Acids and Bases
- 6.5: Buffer Solutions
- 6.9: Organic Acids and Bases - Structure and Reactivity
- 6.6: Acid-Base Titration Curves
- 6.10: Lewis Bases as Nucleophilic Reactants in Organic Reactions
- 6.1: Classifications of Acids and Bases
- 6.2: The Brønsted-Lowry Scheme
- 6.3: Acid and Base Strength
- 6.7: Polyprotic Acids
- 6.8: A Deeper Look - Exact Treatment of Acid-Base Equilibria
- Chapter 7: Solubility and Precipitation Equilibria
- Solubility equilibrium is a type of dynamic equilibrium. It exists when a chemical compound in the solid state is in chemical equilibrium with a solution of that compound. The solid may dissolve unchanged, with dissociation or with chemical reaction with another constituent of the solvent, such as acid or alkali. Each type of equilibrium is characterized by a temperature-dependent equilibrium constant. Solubility equilibria are important in pharmaceutical, environmental and many other scenarios.
Unit 3: Chemical Equilibria is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
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