UC Davis: Chem 4B General Chemistry for Majors II

by Delmar Larsen

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This text is designed for the second-semester general chemistry course honors course and has been developed to meet the scope and sequence of most general chemistry courses. The text materials covers three primary units: Thermodynamics, Physical Equilibria and Chemical Equilibria with seven Chapters. The organization was careful formulated to introduce enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy, and then use these skills to understand physical and chemical equilibria.

Description from LibreTexts.

Publisher
University of California, Davis
Subjects
Chemistry
Licence
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, as LibreTexts states it. Non-commercial use only.
Who can read
Tweens profiles and older, judged from its title and subjects

Contents

LibreTexts writes equations in TeX, and here they show as TeX; the PDF has them typeset.

  1. Unit 1: Chemical Thermodynamics
  2. Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Thermochemistry (Heat and Enthalpy)
  3. 1.1: Systems, States and Processes
  4. 1.2: Heat as a Mechanism to Transfer Energy
  5. 1.3: Work as a Mechanism to Transfer Energy
  6. 1.4: The First Law of Thermodynamics
  7. 1.5: Heat Capacity and Calorimetry
  8. 1.6: Molecules as Energy Carriers and Converters
  9. 1.7: Heats of Reactions - ΔU and ΔH
  10. 1.8: Indirect Determination of ΔH - Hess's Law
  11. 1.9: Standard Enthalpies of Formation
  12. 1.10: Fuels as Sources of Energy
  13. 1.11: Fundamentals of Thermochemistry (Exercises)
  14. Chapter 2: Principles of Thermodynamics (Entropy and Gibbs Energy)
  15. 2.1: The Nature of Spontaneous Processes
  16. 2.2: Entropy and Spontaneity - A Molecular Statistical Interpretation
  17. 2.3: Entropy and Heat - Experimental Basis of the Second Law of Thermodynamics
  18. 2.4: Entropy Changes and Spontaneity
  19. 2.5: Entropy Changes in Reversible Processes
  20. 2.6: Quantum States, Microstates, and Energy Spreading
  21. 2.7: The Third Law of Thermodynamics
  22. 2.8: Gibbs Energy
  23. 2.9: Principles of Thermodynamics (Exercises)
  24. Unit 2: Physical Equilibria
  25. Chapter 3: Solids, Liquids, and Phase Transitions
  26. 3.1: Bulk Properties of Gases, Liquids, and Solids - Molecular Interpretation
  27. 3.2: Intermolecular Forces - Origins in Molecular Structure
  28. 3.3: Intermolecular Forces in Liquids
  29. 3.4: Phase Equilibrium
  30. 3.5: Phase Transitions
  31. 3.6: Phase Diagrams
  32. 3.7: Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
  33. 3.8: The Solid State
  34. 3.9: Bonding in Metals
  35. 3.10: Solids, Liquids, and Phase Transitions (Exercises)
  36. Chapter 4: Solutions
  37. 4.1: Types of Solutions - Some Terminology
  38. 4.2: Composition of Solutions
  39. 4.3: Nature of Dissolved Species
  40. 4.4: Phase Equilibrium in Solutions - Nonvolatile Solutes
  41. 4.5: Phase Equilibrium in Solutions - Volatile Solutes
  42. 4.6: Separating Volatile Solutions - Distillation
  43. 4.7: Colloidal Suspensions
  44. 4.8: Solutions (Exercises)
  45. Unit 3: Chemical Equilibria
  46. Chapter 5: Chemical Equilibrium
  47. 5.1: The Nature of Chemical Equilibrium
  48. 5.2: The Empirical Law of Mass Action
  49. 5.3: Thermodynamic Description of the Equilibrium State
  50. 5.4: The Law of Mass Action for Related and Simultaneous Equilibria
  51. 5.5: Gas-Phase and Heterogeneous Reaction Equilibria
  52. 5.6: Empirical Description
  53. 5.7: The Direction of Change in Chemical Reactions - Thermodynamic Explanation
  54. 5.8: Distribution between Immiscible Phases - Extraction and Separation Processes
  55. 5.9: Chemical Equilibrium (Exercises)
  56. Chapter 6: Acid–Base Equilibria
  57. 6.1: Classifications of Acids and Bases
  58. 6.2: The Brønsted-Lowry Scheme
  59. 6.3: Acid and Base Strength
  60. 6.4: Equilibria Involving Weak Acids and Bases
  61. 6.5: Buffer Solutions
  62. 6.6: Acid-Base Titration Curves
  63. 6.7: Polyprotic Acids
  64. 6.8: A Deeper Look - Exact Treatment of Acid-Base Equilibria
  65. 6.9: Organic Acids and Bases - Structure and Reactivity
  66. 6.10: Lewis Bases as Nucleophilic Reactants in Organic Reactions
  67. Chapter 7: Solubility and Precipitation Equilibria
  68. 7.1: The Nature of Solubility Equilibria
  69. 7.2: Ionic Equilibria between Solids and Solutions
  70. 7.3: Precipitation and the Solubility Product
  71. 7.4: The Effects of pH on Solubility
  72. 7.5: Complex Ions and Solubility
  73. 7.6: A Deeper Look - Selective Precipitation of Ions
  74. Worksheets
  75. 1: Thermochemistry I (Worksheet)
  76. 2: Thermochemistry II (Worksheet)
  77. 3: Entropy and Probability (Worksheet)
  78. 4: Second & Third Laws of Thermodynamics (Worksheet)
  79. 5: Intermolecular Forces and Interactions (Worksheet)
  80. 6: Pure Phases and their Transitions (Worksheet)
  81. 7: Solutions and Vapor Pressures (Worksheet)
  82. 8: Colligative Properties (Worksheet)
  83. 9: Equilibria, Equilibrium Constants and Acid-Bases (Worksheet)
  84. 10: ICE Tables (Worksheet)
  85. 11: Acids/Bases, Common Ion Effect, and Buffers (Worksheet)
  86. 12: Weak Acid and Base Equilibria (Worksheet)
  87. 14: Intermolecular Forces (Worksheet)