Organic Chemistry Lab Textbook

by Evan Joslin

Read here Read at LibreTextsPDF
Publisher
Sewanee
Subjects
Chemistry
Licence
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, as LibreTexts states it. Non-commercial use only.
Who can read
Tweens profiles and older, judged from its title and subjects

Contents

LibreTexts writes equations in TeX, and here they show as TeX; the PDF has them typeset.

  1. Front Matter
  2. TitlePage
  3. InfoPage
  4. Table of Contents
  5. Licensing
  6. 1: General Information
  7. 1.1: Reading, Drawing and Understanding- The Power of Visualization
  8. 1.2: Safety
  9. 1.3: Notebook
  10. 1.4: Chemical Hazards
  11. 1.4.1: Introduction to Hazards of Chemistry
  12. 1.4.2: Chemical Waste
  13. 2: Important Calculations
  14. 2.1: Important Calculations (Limiting Reagent)
  15. 2.2: Important Calculations (Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield)
  16. 3: General Techniques for Lab
  17. 3.1: Transferring and Weighting Methods
  18. 3.2: Drying Agents
  19. 3.3: Heating and Cooling Methods
  20. 3.3.1: Methods and Flammability
  21. 3.3.2: Controlled Boiling
  22. 3.3.3: Hotplates
  23. 3.3.4: Heating Mantles
  24. 3.3.5: Water, Sand, and Oil Baths
  25. 3.3.6: Cooling Baths
  26. 3.3.7: Reflux
  27. 4: Glassware and Equipment
  28. 4.1: Storing Samples (Parafilm)
  29. 4.2: Pictures of Glassware and Equipment
  30. 4.3: Ground Glass Joints
  31. 4.4: Hood and Clamping
  32. 4.5: Greasing Joints
  33. 4.6: Cleaning and Drying Glassware
  34. 5: Filtering Methods
  35. 5.1: Overview of Methods
  36. 5.2: Decanting
  37. 5.3: Gravity Filtration
  38. 5.4: Suction Filtration
  39. 6: Crystallization
  40. 6.1: Overview of Crystallization
  41. 6.2: Uses of Crystallization
  42. 6.2A: Reagent Purification
  43. 6.2B: Purification of Product Mixtures
  44. 6.3: Crystallization Theory
  45. 6.3A: Purification
  46. 6.3B: Cooling Slowly
  47. 6.3C: Using the Minimum Amount of Hot Solvent
  48. 6.3D: The Unavoidable Loss of Recovery
  49. 6.4: Choice of Solvent
  50. 6.4A: Ideal Temperature Profile
  51. 6.4B: General Procedures for Removing Impurities
  52. 6.5: Procedural Generalities
  53. 6.5A: General Procedure
  54. 6.5B: Initiating Crystallization
  55. 6.5C: Cooling Slowly
  56. 6.6: Step-by-Step Procedures
  57. 6.6A: Single Solvent Crystallization
  58. 6.6B: Crystallization Summary
  59. 6.6C: Using Solvents Other Than Water
  60. 6.6D: Troubleshooting
  61. 7: Melting Point
  62. 7.1: Overview of Melting Point
  63. 7.2: Uses of Melting Points
  64. 7.3: Melting Point Theory
  65. 7.4: Step-by-Step Procedures for Melting Point Determination
  66. 8: Extraction
  67. 8.1: Prelude to Extraction
  68. 8.2: Overview of Extraction
  69. 8.3: Uses of Extraction
  70. 8.4: Which Layer is Which?
  71. 8.5: Extraction Theory
  72. 8.6: Common Extraction Washes
  73. 8.7: Step-by-Step Procedures For Extractions (Large Scale)
  74. 8.8: Step-by-Step Procedures For Extractions (Microscale)
  75. 8.9: Acid-Base Extraction
  76. 9: Chromatography
  77. 9.1: Prelude to Chromatography
  78. 9.2: Chromatography Generalities
  79. 9.2A: Overview of Chromatography
  80. 9.2B: General Separation Theory
  81. 9.3: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
  82. 9.3A: Overview of TLC
  83. 9.3B: Uses of TLC
  84. 9.3C: The Retention Factor
  85. 9.3D: Separation Theory
  86. 9.3E: Step-by-Step Procedures for Thin Layer Chromatography
  87. 9.3F: Visualizing TLC Plates
  88. 9.4: Column Chromatography
  89. 9.4A: Macroscale Columns
  90. 9.4B: Microscale (Pipette) Columns
  91. 10: Stereoisomers
  92. 10.1: Chiral Molecules
  93. 10.2: Optical Activity
  94. 10.3: Absolute Configuration- R-S Sequence Rules
  95. 10.4: Molecules Incorporating Several Stereocenters- Diastereomers
  96. 11: Distillation
  97. 11.1: Overview of Distillation
  98. 11.2: Simple Distillation
  99. 11.2A: Uses of Simple Distillation
  100. 11.2B: Separation Theory
  101. 11.2C: Step-by-Step Procedures
  102. 11.2D: Microscale Distillation
  103. 11.3: Steam Distillation
  104. 11.3A: Overview of Steam Distillation
  105. 11.3B: Uses of Steam Distillation
  106. 11.3C: Separation Theory
  107. 11.3D: Step-by-Step Procedures for Steam Distillation
  108. 12: Aldehydes and Ketones - The Carbonyl Group
  109. 12.1: Structure of the Carbonyl Group
  110. 12.2: Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones
  111. 12.3: Reduction of Carbonyls to Alcohols Using Metal Hydrides
  112. 12.4: Spectroscopic Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
  113. 13: IR Spectroscopy
  114. 13.1: Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy
  115. 13.2: Interpreting IR Spectra
  116. 14: Halogenation of Alkenes - Addition of X₂
  117. Back Matter
  118. Index
  119. Glossary
  120. Detailed Licensing
  121. Detailed Licensing