Distillation is the method used to concentrate fermented solutions and produce hard liquors. Distillation is also an excellent purification tool for many liquids, and can be used to purify products from a chemical reaction.
Distillation of mixtures may or may not produce relatively pure samples. As distillation involves boiling a solution and condensing its vapors, the composition of the distillate is identical to the composition of the vapors. Several equations can be used to describe the composition of vapor produced from a solution.
Lisa Nichols (Butte Community College). Organic Chemistry Laboratory Techniques is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Complete text is available online.
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