3: Crystallization — Read — Invisible Network

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Crystallization is used in the chemistry laboratory as a purification technique for solids. An impure solid is completely dissolved in a minimal amount of hot, boiling solvent, and the hot solution is allowed to slowly cool. The developing crystals ideally form with high purity, while impurities remain in the saturated solution surrounding the solid (called the "mother liquor"). The crystallized solid is then filtered away from the impurities.

3.1: Overview of Crystallization
3.2: Uses of Crystallization
The main use of crystallization in the organic chemistry laboratory is for purification of impure solids: either reagents that have degraded over time, or impure solid products from a chemical reaction.
- 3.2A: Reagent Purification
- 3.2B: Purification of Product Mixtures
3.3: Choice of Solvent
3.4: Crystallization Theory
3.5: Procedural Generalities
3.6: Step-by-Step Procedures
If a crystallization is to be performed using flammable organic solvents, a steam bath is recommended and in some situations necessary (when using diethyl ether, acetone, or low-boiling petroleum ether).

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Lisa Nichols (Butte Community College). Organic Chemistry Laboratory Techniques is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Complete text is available online.

This page titled 3: Crystallization was last modified on Tue, 11 Aug 2020 09:35:42 GMT and is shared under a CC BY-NC-ND license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Lisa Nichols via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.

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