Online Open Genetics

by Todd Nickle and Isabelle Barrette-Ng

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Genetics is the scientific study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics. It includes the study of genes, themselves, how they function, interact, and produce the visible and measurable characteristics we see in individuals and populations of species as they change from one generation to the next, over time, and in different environments.

Description from LibreTexts.

Publisher
Mount Royal University & University of Calgary
Subjects
Biology, Genetics
Licence
CC BY-SA 3.0, as LibreTexts states it
Who can read
Tweens profiles and older, judged from its title and subjects

Contents

LibreTexts writes equations in TeX, and here they show as TeX; the PDF has them typeset.

  1. Front Matter
  2. TitlePage
  3. InfoPage
  4. Table of Contents
  5. Licensing
  6. Textbook Introduction
  7. 1: Overview, DNA, and Genes
  8. 1.1: Overview
  9. 1.2: DNA is the Genetic Material
  10. 1.3: The Structure of DNA
  11. 1.4: Genes are the Basic Units of Inheritance
  12. 1.5: The Function of Genes
  13. 1.6: The Nuclear Genome
  14. 1.7: Model Organisms Facilitate Genetic Advances
  15. 1.E: Overview, DNA, and Genes (Exercises)
  16. 1.S: Overview, DNA, and Genes (Summary)
  17. 2: Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis
  18. 2.1: DNA is Packaged into Chromatin
  19. 2.2: Mitosis
  20. 2.3: Meiosis
  21. 2.4: The Cell Cycle and Changes in DNA Content
  22. 2.5: Karyotypes Describe Chromosome Number and Structure
  23. 2.6: Polyploidy Arises from Changes in Whole Sets of Chromosomes
  24. 2.7: Endoreduplication
  25. 2.8: Gene Balance
  26. 2.9: Organellar Genomes
  27. 2.E: Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis (Exercises)
  28. 2.S: Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis (Summary)
  29. 3: Genetic Analysis of Single Genes
  30. 3.1: Mendel’s First Law
  31. 3.2: Relationships Between Genes, Genotypes and Phenotypes
  32. 3.3: Biochemical Basis of Dominance
  33. 3.4: Crossing Techniques Used in Classical Genetics
  34. 3.5: Sex-Linkage- An Exception to Mendel’s First Law
  35. 3.6: Phenotypes May Not Be As Expected from the Genotype
  36. 3.7: Phenotypic Ratios May Not Be As Expected
  37. 3.E: Genetic Analysis of Single Genes (Exercises)
  38. 3.S: Genetic Analysis of Single Genes (Summary)
  39. 4: Mutation and Variation
  40. 4.1: Mutation and Polymorphism
  41. 4.2: Origins of Mutations
  42. 4.3: Genetic screening for mutations- Forward genetics
  43. 4.4: Types of Mutations
  44. 4.5: Some mutations may not have detectable phenotypes
  45. 4.6: Complementation tests and Allelism
  46. 4.7: Example of Human Mutations
  47. 4.E: Mutation and Variation (Exercises)
  48. 4.S: Mutation and Variation (Summary)
  49. 5: Pedigrees and Populations
  50. 5.1: Prelude to Pedigrees and Populations
  51. 5.2: Pedigree Analysis
  52. 5.3: Inferring the Mode of Inheritance
  53. 5.4: Sporadic and Non-Heritable Diseases
  54. 5.5: Calculating Probabilities
  55. 5.6: Population Genetics
  56. 5.E: Pedigrees and Populations (Exercises)
  57. 5.S: Pedigrees and Populations (Summary)
  58. 6: Genetic Analysis of Multiple Genes
  59. 6.1: Dihybrid Crosses
  60. 6.2: Epistasis and Other Gene Interactions
  61. 6.3: Example of Multiple Genes Affecting One Character
  62. 6.E: Genetic Analysis of Multiple Genes (Exercises)
  63. 6.S: Genetic Analysis of Multiple Genes (Summary)
  64. 7: Linkage and Mapping
  65. 7.1: Linkage
  66. 7.2: Recombination
  67. 7.3: Linkage Reduces Recombination Frequency
  68. 7.4: Crossovers Allow Recombination of Linked Loci
  69. 7.5: Inferring Recombination From Genetic Data
  70. 7.6: Genetic Mapping
  71. 7.7: Mapping With Three-Point Crosses
  72. 7.E: Linkage and Mapping (Exercises)
  73. 7.S: Linkage and Mapping (Summary)
  74. 8: Techniques of Molecular Genetics
  75. 8.1: Prelude to Molecular Genetics
  76. 8.2: Isolating Genomic DNA
  77. 8.3: Isolating or Detecting a Specific Sequence by PCR
  78. 8.4: Cutting and Pasting DNA- Restriction Digests and DNA Ligation
  79. 8.5: Cloning DNA - Plasmid Vectors
  80. 8.6: DNA Analysis - Gel Electrophoresis
  81. 8.7: DNA Analysis- Blotting and Hybridization
  82. 8.8: Transgenic organisms
  83. 8.9: Techniques of Molecular Genetics (Exercises)
  84. 8.S: Techniques of Molecular Genetics (Summary)
  85. 9: Changes in Chromosome Number and Structure
  86. 9.1: Changes in Chromosome Number
  87. 9.2: Changes in Chromosome Structure
  88. 9.3: Chromosome Abnormalities in Humans
  89. 9.4: Diagnosing Human Chromosome Abnormalities
  90. 9.E: Changes in Chromosome Number and Structure (Exercises)
  91. 9.S: Changes in Chromosome Number and Structure (Summary)
  92. 10: Molecular Markers and Quantitative Traits
  93. 10.1: Some Variations in the Genome Affect Complex Traits
  94. 10.2: Origins of Molecular Polymorphisms
  95. 10.3: Classification and Detection of Molecular Markers
  96. 10.4: Applications of Molecular Markers
  97. 10.5: Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) Analysis
  98. 10.E: Molecular Markers and Quantitative Traits (Exercises)
  99. 10.S: Molecular Markers and Quantitative Traits (Summary)
  100. 11: Genomics and Systems Biology
  101. 11.1: ‘Omics Technologies
  102. 11.2: DNA Sequencing
  103. 11.3: Whole Genome Sequencing
  104. 11.4: Functional Genomics – Determining Function(s)
  105. 11.E: Genomics and Systems Biology (Exercises)
  106. 11.S: Genomics and Systems Biology (Summary)
  107. 12: Regulation of Gene Expression
  108. 12.1: The lac Operon
  109. 12.2: The Use of Mutants to Study the lac Operon
  110. 12.3: Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
  111. 12.4: Regulatory Elements in Evolution
  112. 12.5: Additional Levels of Regulating Transcription
  113. 12.6: Epigenetics
  114. 12.7: Regulation of Gene Expression (Exercises)
  115. 12.S: Regulation of Gene Expression (Summary)
  116. 13: Cancer Genetics
  117. 13.1: Classification of Cancers
  118. 13.2: Cancer Cell Biology
  119. 13.3: Hallmarks of Cancer
  120. 13.4: Mutagens and Carcinogens
  121. 13.5: Oncogenes
  122. 13.6: Tumor Suppressor Genes
  123. 13.7: The “Poster Boy” of Genetic Research Leading to a Cancer Treatment – Gleevec™ (Imatinib)
  124. 13.E: Cancer Genetics (Exercises)
  125. 13.S: Cancer Genetics (Summary)
  126. 14: Appendices
  127. 14.1: Why Use Nomenclature?
  128. 14.2: Biochemistry of Gene Behavior
  129. 14.3: Basic Nomenclature
  130. 14.4: Three-­Letter Symbols
  131. 14.5: Linked Genes
  132. 14.6: Summary
  133. Back Matter
  134. Index
  135. Detailed Licensing