2.2: Translation

BIOS220- Introduction to Genetics · LibreTexts

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    • 2.2.1: The Genetic Code
      The cellular process of transcription generates messenger RNA (mRNA), a mobile molecular copy of one or more genes with an alphabet of A, C, G, and uracil (U). Translation of the mRNA template converts nucleotide-based genetic information into a protein product. Protein sequences consist of 20 commonly occurring amino acids; therefore, it can be said that the protein alphabet consists of 20 letters. Each amino acid is defined by a three-nucleotide sequence called the triplet codon.
    • 2.2.2: Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
      The synthesis of proteins consumes more of a cell’s energy than any other metabolic process. In turn, proteins account for more mass than any other component of living organisms (other than water), and proteins perform virtually every function of a cell. The process of translation, or protein synthesis, involves the decoding of an mRNA message into a polypeptide product. Amino acids are covalently bonded by interlinking peptide bonds in lengths ranging from ~50 amino acid residues to >1,000.

    This page titled 2.2: Translation was last modified on Sat, 08 Aug 2026 17:13:22 GMT and is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Jennifer Yeack.