6.4.3: True-False

1. Systemic fungal infections are those involving only the skin, hair, and nails.

2. Candida species normally reside in the intestinal tract and mucous membranes without causing infection.

3. Candida auris does not respond to commonly used anti-fungal medications.

4. Cryptococcus neoformans is often found in soils where bird droppings are present.

5. Fungal toxicoses occur when toxins produced by fungi are ingested, such as by eating poisonous mushrooms.

6. In most people, exposure to Aspergillus results in severe systemic disease rather than allergies.

7. Protozoans are considered animal-like protists because of their ability to demonstrate motility.

8. The scheme that classifies protozoans according to their motility structures reflects how closely related the organisms are to one another.

9. The sexual phase of the Plasmodium parasite is carried out in the gut of the female Anopheles mosquito.

10. Schizonts may be found in all species of Plasmodium.

11. Cryptosporidium parvum is host specific and can infect only humans.

12. Trichomonas vaginalis resides only in the vagina and urethra of women.

13. Most parasitic helminths have both an intermediate host and a definitive host during their life cycle.

14. Trematodes have complete digestive systems that end in an anus.

15. Cestodes absorb their nutrients across their cuticles because they completely lack digestive systems.

16. The scolex of a tapeworm contains the male and female reproductive structures.

17. The proglottids closest to the neck of a tapeworm are the most mature.

18. Among cestodes, cross-fertilization is more common than self-fertilization.

19. The intermediate hosts of most trematodes are freshwater fish.

20. Trematodes lack circulatory systems, so their flat body pattern is important for the diffusion of nutrients throughout the organism.