Basic Cell and Molecular Biology

by Gerald Bergtrom

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This text remains focused on experimental support for what we know about cell and molecular biology, and on showing students the relationship of cell structure and function. Rather than trying to be a comprehensive reference book, this text selectively details investigative questions, methods and experiments that lead to our understanding of cell biology. This focus is nowhere more obvious than in the chapter learning objectives and in external links to supplementary material.

Description from LibreTexts.

Publisher
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Subjects
Biology, Cell and Molecular Biology
Licence
CC BY, as LibreTexts states it
Who can read
Tweens profiles and older, judged from its title and subjects

Contents

LibreTexts writes equations in TeX, and here they show as TeX; the PDF has them typeset.

  1. Front Matter
  2. TitlePage
  3. InfoPage
  4. Table of Contents
  5. Licensing
  6. 1: Cell Tour, Life’s Properties and Evolution, Studying Cells
  7. 1.1: Introduction
  8. 1.2: Scientific Method – The Practice of Science
  9. 1.3: Domains of Life
  10. 1.4: Tour of the Eukaryotic Cell
  11. 1.5: How We Know the Functions of Cellular Organelles and Structures- Cell Fractionation
  12. 1.6: The Origins, Evolution, Speciation, Diversity and Unity of Life
  13. 1.7: Microscopy Reveals Life’s Diversity of Structure and Form
  14. 1.8: Key Words and Terms
  15. 2: Basic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
  16. 2.1: Introduction
  17. 2.2: Atoms and Basic Chemistry
  18. 2.3: Chemical bonds
  19. 2.4: A Close Look at Water Chemistry
  20. 2.5: Some Basic Biochemistry- Carbon, Monomers, Polymers and the Synthesis and Degradation of Macromolecules
  21. 2.6: Key Words and Terms
  22. 3: Details of Protein Structure
  23. 3.1: Introduction
  24. 3.2: Levels (Orders) of Protein Structure
  25. 3.3: Changes in Protein Shape Can Cause Disease
  26. 3.4: Quaternary Structure
  27. 3.5: Some Proteins are Chemically Modified and Others Require Prosthetic Groups to be Biologically Active
  28. 3.6: Protein Domains, Motifs, and Folds in Protein Structure
  29. 3.7: Proteins, Genes and Evolution- How Many Proteins are We?
  30. 3.8: View 3D Animated Images of Proteins in the NCBI Database
  31. 3.9: Key Words and Terms
  32. 4: Bioenergetics
  33. 4.1: Introduction
  34. 4.2: Kinds of Energy
  35. 4.3: Deriving Simple Energy Relationships
  36. 4.4: Key Words and Terms
  37. 5: Enzyme Catalysis and Kinetics
  38. 5.1: Introduction
  39. 5.2: Enzymes
  40. 5.3: Key Words and Terms
  41. 6: Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle and the Atkins Diet
  42. 6.1: Introduction
  43. 6.2: Glycolysis (from the Greek glyco (sugar) lysis (Separation), or Sugar Breakdown
  44. 6.3: Some Details of Glycolysis
  45. 6.4: Gluconeogenesis
  46. 6.5: The Atkins Diet and Gluconeogenesis
  47. 6.6: The Krebs/TCA/Citric acid cycle
  48. 6.7: Key Words and Terms
  49. 7: Electron Transport, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Photosynthesis
  50. 7.1: Introduction
  51. 7.2: The Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
  52. 7.3: Oxidative Phosphorylation
  53. 7.4: Photosynthesis
  54. 7.5: More Thoughts on the Mechanisms and Evolution of Respiration and Photosynthesis
  55. 7.6: Key Words and Terms
  56. 8: DNA, Chromosomes and Chromatin
  57. 8.1: Introduction
  58. 8.2: The Stuff of Genes
  59. 8.3: DNA Structure
  60. 8.4: Genes and Chromatin in Eukaryotes
  61. 8.5: Structure and Organization of DNA in Bacteria
  62. 8.6: Key Words and Terms
  63. 9: Details of DNA Replication and Repair
  64. 9.1: Introduction
  65. 9.2: DNA Replication
  66. 9.3: DNA Repair
  67. 9.4: Key Words and Terms
  68. 10: Transcription and RNA Processing
  69. 10.1: Introduction
  70. 10.2: Overview of Transcription
  71. 10.3: Details of Transcription
  72. 10.4: Details of Eukaryotic mRNA Processing
  73. 10.5: Ribosomal RNA Processing in Eukaryotic Nuclei
  74. 10.6: tRNA Processing in Eukaryotic Nuclei
  75. 10.7: RNA and Ribosome Export from the Nucleus
  76. 10.8: Key Words and Terms
  77. 11: The Genetic Code and Translation
  78. 11.1: Introduction
  79. 11.2: An Overview of the Genetic Code
  80. 11.3: Gene and Protein Colinearity and Triplet Codons
  81. 11.4: Translation
  82. 11.5: Key Words and Terms
  83. 12: Regulation of Transcription and Epigenetic Inheritance
  84. 12.1: Introduction
  85. 12.2: Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes
  86. 12.3: The Problem with Unregulated (Housekeeping) Genes in All Cells
  87. 12.4: Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes
  88. 12.5: Epigenetics
  89. 12.6: Key Words and Terms
  90. 13: Post Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression
  91. 13.1: Introduction
  92. 13.2: Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression
  93. 13.3: Eukaryotic Regulation of Translation
  94. 13.4: Key Words and Terms
  95. 14: Repetitive DNA - A Eukaryotic Genomic Phenomenon
  96. 14.1: Introduction
  97. 14.2: The Complexity of Genomic DNA
  98. 14.3: The 'Jumping Genes' of Maize
  99. 14.4: Transposons Since McClintock
  100. 14.5: On the Evolution of Transposons, Genes, and Genomes
  101. 14.6: Roles of Transposition in Evolution and Diversity
  102. 14.7: Coping with the Dangers of Rampant Transposition
  103. 14.8: Key Words and Terms
  104. 15: DNA Technologies
  105. 15.1: Overview
  106. 15.2: Make and Screen a cDNA Library
  107. 15.3: DNA Sequencing
  108. 15.4: Genomic Libraries
  109. 15.5: The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
  110. 15.6: Genomic Approaches- The DNA Microarray
  111. 15.7: Ome-Sweet Ome
  112. 15.8: From Genetic Engineering and Genetic Modification
  113. 15.9: Key Words and Terms
  114. 16: Membrane Structure
  115. 16.1: Overview
  116. 16.2: Plasma Membrane Structure
  117. 16.3: Membrane Proteins
  118. 16.4: How Membrane Proteins are Held in Membranes
  119. 16.5: A Diversity of Membrane Protein Functions
  120. 16.6: Glycoproteins
  121. 16.7: Glycolipids
  122. 16.8: Glycoproteins and Human Health
  123. 16.9: Key Words and Terms
  124. 17: Membrane Function
  125. 17.1: Introduction
  126. 17.2: Membrane Transport
  127. 17.3: Ligand and Voltage Gated Channels in Neurotransmission
  128. 17.4: Endocytosis and Exocytosis
  129. 17.5: Directing the Traffic of Proteins in Cells
  130. 17.6: How Cells are Held Together and How they Communicate
  131. 17.7: 17.7 Signal Transduction
  132. 17.8: Key Words and Terms
  133. 18: The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility
  134. 18.1: Introduction
  135. 18.2: Cytoskeletal Components
  136. 18.3: The Molecular Structure and Sub-Cellular Organization of Cytoskeletal Components
  137. 18.4: Key Words and Terms
  138. 19: Cell Division and the Cell Cycle
  139. 19.1: Introduction
  140. 19.2: Bacterial Cell Division and the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
  141. 19.3: Regulation of the Cell Cycle
  142. 19.4: When Cells Die
  143. 19.5: Disruption of the Cell Cycle Checkpoints Can Cause Cancer
  144. 19.6: Key Words and Terms
  145. 20: The Origins of Life
  146. 20.1: Introduction
  147. 20.2: Thinking about Life's Origins- A Short Summary of a Long History
  148. 20.3: Formation of Organic Molecules in an Earthly Reducing Atmosphere
  149. 20.4: Origins of Organic Molecules in a Non-Reducing Atmosphere
  150. 20.5: Origins of Life Chemistries in an RNA World
  151. 20.6: Molecules Talk- Selecting Molecular Communication and Complexity
  152. 20.7: A Summary and Some Conclusions
  153. 20.8: Key Words and Terms
  154. Back Matter
  155. Index
  156. Glossary
  157. Glossary
  158. Detailed Licensing