Magneto-Chemotaxis-in-Sediment-First-Insights-pone.0102810.s005

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In-field and zero-field swimming behavior of M. bavaricum in a sediment-rich, aqueous environment. Hanging drop assay prepared with higher sediment concentration for observing the swimming behavior of M. bavaricum cells. The magnetic field points to the left until 00′09″, and zero-field conditions are established afterwards, with a brief interruption during 00∶49–56″. Frequent in-field swimming direction reversals are related to the presence of sediment and are not observed in pure water. After establishing zero-field conditions, cells swim at random directions along nearly straight path interrupted by sudden direction changes according to the modes described in [24]. Such direction changes have been never observed in in hanging drop assays with pure water [16]. Some events are highlighted in the following. 00′20–25″ center-top: cell swims upwards, enter a sediment cluster and exits after a ∼180° turn deduced from the fact that the cell is still moving forward (absence of cell wiggling characteristic for backward swimming). 00′26–27″ center-right: cell reverses flagellar rotation and swims backward (wiggling) after coming close to an isolated sediment particle. 00′27–30″ center-right: cell ‘collides’ with a sediment particle, rotates ∼45°CW, swims backwards for a short time, and finally rotates ∼45°CCW after reversing the swimming direction a second time. This event corresponds to a ‘run-reverse-flick’ pattern [24]. 00′28–33″ bottom-right: cell collides with a sediment particles and reverses swimming direction (∼00′30″). While swimming backwards, it collides with another swimming cell (∼00′31″). During this collision, the swimming direction is reversed a second time after short tumbling corresponding to a ‘run-and-tumble’ pattern [24]. 00′33–37″ top-right: cell starts to tumble chaotically just after passing by a couple of sediment particles. 00′42–46″ center to top-left: sequence of two run-reverse-flick patterns [24] triggered in proximity to sediment particles.

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Credit

Mao X, Egli R, Petersen N, Hanzlik M, Liu X

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