The Middlebury Galaxy (Middlebury, Vt.)
December 12, 1848

Page 1

"IN DARK AND TROUBLED NIGIIT TUAT.1S UPON US, THERE IS NO STAR ABOVE TJIE HORIZON TO GIVE TfS A GLEAM OF LIGR EXCEPTlN'G TIIH INTELttGENT, PAtKIOT'lC WTllG PARTY OP TIIE UNITED' STATES." t.isiT.T.. MIDDLEBURY, VERMONT, TUESDAY MORIflNG, -DECEMBER 10, US& StTUBEB 33. volume xm. JOSEPIl II. BARRETT, Editob.

TERMS OF VOLUME XIII. Vfllagc subscribcrs, 52,00 Jlail subscribcrs, within the Statc, Sl.50 lf not paid vrithin the vcar, 1,75 Mail subscribers out of the Statc,- 52,00 Individuals nnd Companies who take attheofficc, Sl.SO, or SI.75 if not paid within tbeycar. Thosc who lake of Postriders, S2.00 If not paid at tlie cnd of the year, S2,25 No papers discontined until arrcarages are paid, except at the option of the proprietor. No contract with, or paymentroade to Carriers, cash, kecping, or otlicnvise, allowed, cxccpt asscntcd to hv the proprietor. "All communications must bc addresscd to the Editor, Post Paid. TV. B. Pai-meb, 8 Congrcss strcet, Bos ton, is authorized to transact busincss for this papcr. JUSTUS COBB, roBLi.snER, BT WHOMAIX KIXDS OF BOOK AXfi JOB rRIKT ISO WILI. BE EXECCTr.D OK SIIORT JfqTICE. Poctrn. WRITTCN FOH THC MIDDLEBCnr GALAXT. IIow pronr, ala! to mar by fctealth Tbat fanie which is our ncijbbor wealth The mighty tcmpcst now !s o'cr, And party surgcs dash no more Tho Rubicon of doubt is past, And ficemen rule our land at last. -With Tcuton spunk," from day to day, "Who lias not mingled in tho fray, And hard aspersions hearil, or said, Against the living and thc dcad IIow mucli, alas, is party strife Unworthy our immortal life, Too oft a noblc soul wc blamc, Or aid the worthlcss on to famc. TIic liearfs which work a nation'? good, Pesrrve hcr frccmcn's gratitudc What tho" we diirur in our crecds, Still blcss great soul?, for noblo deeds. Why should wc wastc in party strife Tlie plcaant harmonies of life IVhy with a brollicr should wc fight, When neither niay bc clearly right J-ct thoc who latc in party btrife. Wcrc ipiick lo fciza thc Slanderer's knifc, Motirn o'cr the past, in gcncrous lovc, Kxchangc tlie sorpcnt for thc dovc. Oh bury strife bencath thy foct, Lct neiiihbor, ncighbor, kindly grcet, For know, thyself art ncar allicd 'J'o angcl. onthy better sidc J" E. Y. II. Tfcw Havon. Dec 5, ISIS. AG-RIOULTMAL WOOL GROWTNG. ADDISON COUNTY. Thc increased prices obtainpd for wool and the avidity with which it was souglit in market, aftcr the. passage of tlie TarifT act of I&23, pointcd to that business as more lucrative than anv other. A ma- joritj- of tlie farmers cagerly cngaged in mcreasing their llocks of sbeep. 1 he re sult has bccii, that Addison county had, jn 1840, in proportion eitlier to territory or iopulntioti, a nreater numher of shcep, and produced more vvool, than any other. counly in the United States. To show J he truth of this remark, I refer to facts drawn from the statistical tables accompa nying the Census returns of 1S40, and from other sources. There are nine Statcs which had more than one shecp to each inhabitant, lo wit Pennsyh-ania, Virginia, Mainc, Ken' tucky. Connecticut, and Uluo. witn a fraction more than one: New Hamp shire and New York had about two and one-fourth, and Vermont more than five and iIireeMourths to each inhabitant. Should territory be regarded, Vermont will be found tc hare 18o, New York I lii and New Ilimpshire 05, to the square nnle. Addison county, when compared with the other counties in the State, will be found to have elevcn and six hundredths, Kutland eight and eighty-five hundredths, Grand Isle seven and four hundredths, and Bennington six and nineteen hun dredlhs, to each inhabitant. If territory be regarded. Addison has three hundred and seventy-three, Grand Isle three huu' dred and thirty-four, Rutland two hun dred and eighty three, Windsor two hun dred and, sixty-one, Orange two hundred and forly, and Chittenden, two hundred and twentv-ntip n thf snnare mile. Ta- king eieven toxvns, most favorable to the kequng of shcep, one half the numberin the county, and they will be found to have possessed more than one sheep in each acre oi improveu and unimproved land m those towns, or more than six hundred and forty to the square mile. This array of figures is no idle specu lation. They represent facts, which show the immense stake the farmers of AddK son county possess, in this branch ofhus- bandry. No seclion cf the United States perhaps I might say of the world, being ow so exclusivelv entrafied in it. The Peculiar and excellent grazing qualities)f aoii coniDinea with other circtimstan--ces, would seem'to mdicate to the farmer, that he should still pursue it, as being Iikely to aftord greater nett profits, all things considered, than any otner. uov. Jenison. Address before the Addison County Agricultural Society, 1844. BEEF LAW IN MASSACHUSETTS. A friend of ours, whosomelimessends, cattle to Brighton, made some inquiries of us, in regard to the rules of the butchers in that btate, respectm? the dressing and weighing of beef cattle. The following is an extract from a law in that -State, in regard to it, which will answer his que- nes. "All beef cattle, exceot bulls, sold in market by veight, shall, when slaughler ed, be prepared for weighing in the fol lowing manner: The legs shall be taken off at the knee and gambrel ioint, the skin shall be taken from all other partsof the animal the head shall be taken oitat the second ioint of the neck theentrails taken out, and all the fat of the same be taken off and weighed as rough Ullow, and every ot'ier. part of the animal, ex cepting the hide and rough tallow, (the udder of cows exccpted,) shall bc weisn ed. "All beef shall be weighed upon thefirst wcck day succeeding that on which itmay be slaufflitered. MSCELLAKY. From the Ladick Xation! Magazine. TIIE DESERTED -VIFE. QT ALICE C. LEE. CIIArTER I. She jrrtsd Itack th cu tU from ber acbin; brow itli her liucri waa aml white And the marriae rin?. with it olden beud, Sbone out in the dim ta ili;ht. He pave tbat rin?a a tledeof hi tfutli, And he could not descrt her now 1 Ofa proraise made in the tijht nflleaTen, And be could not break tbat aw 1 On. no he had only mcant to Irv her fnilh liy ihat terriblc Irncr it could not be thathe liad It'lt her forevcr it was too base ai nction for iliat noblc licart tbat licart in tvhich shc had reposcd Iierhappincs3 wiih a woman's pure and Iioly failli! Aa these ihoughle pasaed rapidly ihrough herbcivild red mind, Lucy Clare lookid again with straining vision tlirough thegatheringgloom of evenlide, and lierbcauliful facc was liglu ed by anlicipatiun, (or hcr ear had canjiht a ound, and she faneied it was thc pacinjj of ni.siKirse upnn uie siiauctl paiii. Anouicr disappoiutiiieiit agnin her fitce was over cloudcd, as ehe walcbed the gloomy nvenue in vuin n3 furm emergcd Irom it, lior.c and rider "vcrc far dislant. The dark, old Irece swayed beavily in the cvcning- wind, and the ilull and Eolemn music that they gave forlh was in unison wiih hcr ft'elingij. Bul snve ihat dirge-Iike jlrain, nnd the lighlcr rustlc ul ihe ivy wreaths thnt draped hcr wiudow. no sound camc to hcr ar for long hours, hougli she Mnrtcd oflentimes, aesurcd that she lieard lns ircad upon the portico, oreven upon thc very Ihretliold. Thcn ehe turned Bick-hcarted Irom the caseincnt, and irnsping ihe falal lellcr thnt had iold herof her own wrong, and her lius band's shamc,moved to a gliitering candela lira that had shed iissoftlight unheeded ncar her. There was a tleep red ppot upon hcr irlicck. and ihe vciucd hds of lier eoIi, blue eyes, "heavy wiih the hcarl's dampness," droopcd yct moie as thc well-known charac lers met her view. Lusy my wilc It is the last lirnc that I shall cvercall you bythal Jiallowed name. "My soul 13 sullicd by perjury,for I have false ly broken the vow that 1 had made before high heavcn to clierish and protect you, even with my life. Bascone that I am, wiih that vow ringing in my ears, I leave you for an-oihi-r, and east olF every tic that has bound me lo innoccnce and virtue. I dare nol nsk you to pray for me even your gentle ficarl must curse one who has belrayed ils pcrlect trnst. But think ol mc Fomelinies, will you not 'vi'.h piiy, God knowi I need h ercn now. Do not curse me, my Lucy minc, a las! no longcr." And may" God forgivc thcc! Arthtir, myhusband, for come what may. in life or dealh, we cannot be wholly dividetl!" She presfred her hand convulsively tii her lieprl as if to still iis thick throbbings, wliile her brcalli camc Ust and painfull', lill the light dropsof thc candelabra flashcd tonud frn, quivering and glittering in a ihousant! brilliant hut's. She had grasped the gilded shaft of her harp for support while reading ;j but weary and cxhaustcd, worn with walch ing and anxirty. hersirenglh at last gave way; her hand Ioosed ijs hold; hcr horl flut'crcd with a quick, ncrvous movement, and with a long, low sob of agony shc fell upon thc thii-k carpct as if dcad. Could there be life in tbesc rigid and motionless limbs It was near midnight w.hen the olJ house keeper. who had in vain sought to soothe llie icrnble anxiciy of her mistress, Irigliiened by the unbrokcn silence that had so long reigned within, enlered the room unbidden. The trance had given place to a disturbed anduneasy slumbcr; rilh head pillo'vod up on her arms, and her hair unbonnd fnllingin masses upon berbosom, Lucy Clare had for a time fbrjjotlen her misery. No.it was nol tvholly forgotten, for she moaned the name of herhusband, nnd seemed begging him nol to lcave her all alone not to deslroy the happiness which lived upon his Fmiles and tender words. "Your own Lucy," she murmured "call me yoursweetwife; clasp me once more loyour Iiearl!" Poor creature dear child," said the old lady, as she bore her slight lorm to Ihe next apartnient as casily as if it had been an in fanl's and when shehad tenderly arranged, her for the night, so penily that Lucy knew itnot, she sat beside her, watchingthe resN less movemcnts until they gave placcto a heavy slumber. The moonbeams resied upon the forehead of the sleeper. Alas a warraer jjood night kiss had been vront to ten there. I CnAPTER IX. ,(The beaminr eye wa4oTelj-, And the (razrr looLed and uked not' For trcachcrr hidden tbrtre. Ana tne corai lip was lair. Yonn? lore at the altar. Of broken faith b rish'mj." S.P.SSHTII. Scakce tcn vears before this drcam of fe- Iicitv was so rudolv disnclled. tho bclls of the nllagc church wclcomed with a uicrry pcal tho cntrance of that young creature to the home now so desolate. Then a happy bride now a dcscrtcd wife And when Artbur Clare gave a mistrcssjo thc halls ol nis tntn- V ,aA Tttti n lnrAr nf iilnl.ltrv nnoll hCK uia, uii t""." "j -r tew luois were so wonuy 1 uuj ui iu homage she rcceived for well miht he bc Eroud of his bcautiful wife. An orphan from cr carliest remembrancc, shc had known fcw to lovc, and the affection that had been solong repressed in hcr gentle heart was now yielded wannly and unreserredly, and that affcction gave a soft light to her glad, blue cyes, and a tcjider Dcauty to ner aeucate muuiu iu;iujii cd on him, who was far dearer than aught else in the wide world to her. With no carthly sorrow, no vexing care tq annoy them, what wonder that pcace and love dwelt in the happy mansion. A ycar passed thus, and thcn camc a serpcm 10 meir .cueu. Eveline Gray was a cousm of thc- gentle Lu-iC-it-o rtn cpmrilanro tn her. savc that at timcs she could wcarthcsamc winning sniile, and spcak in her low, swcet voicc. She was beautiful gloriously beautiful and Lu cy lookcd when ncar her like the gentle lily tVint hidps its head in the erecn moss of the rallev when placed by thc gardener's hand.be side the quccnly camelia that blcoms for the ad- miration ot thonsands. But the ocart of the proud Eveline was falsc, and hcr nature most basc ana aniut. She haiLvowcd to steal from hcr swcct cousin ihp. lnve that she in herinnocencc decmedun- changcablc. Little did Lucy know thc hcart ol man little did shc drcam of thc sorrow so near at hand, as unconsciously she aidetl in thc schcme her cousin had prepared; for when Evelinc's white hands swcnt thc harp strinjrs, "and hcr brilliant voice floatcd in glorious strains through the hushed room, Lucy would listcn in wrapt attcr.tion and bcg for anothcr, and anothcr song; thcn as Eveline, wcll plcas cd, granted the rcquest, Lucy bade hcr hus band mark the graccful curve of her beautiful arm. or the nroud stateliness of hcr snowy ncck. 'nuiverin'r in the tide of son".' Strange that an anael-likc form should so oftcn en 6hrine thc bascst licart, fillcd with pride, pas sion and trcachcry Lucy would have shrunk from that cnwrcatbing arm as from a serncnt, could she have read the purposcs of the friend whom she so trustcd; hcr minu was too purc to comnrchcnd rruilt. such as iealous lovc and woundcd nride had conccived. Eveline had loved Arthur Clare, and before he mct the iircimcd tbat hcr lovc was rcturned. Sbc saw it was but a drcam. and thcn hcr pndc was rouscd pride that with all hcr glorinus oeauty ana ncr aazzitng lnienccr, a cduu, -rracefuland fairy-hkc it is true, but still child in comparison with herself, should be prefcrrcd before her. Shc had vowcd re venuc. but thouh it was delaycd, it was not tho Tcss ccrtain. She had studicd Arthur's charactcr. Shc knew that actin? from imnulso. thouch noblc and atrectionatc, he was cnangcable and casi ly influcnccd. So she vciled her angcr un- dcr a plcasant sceming, and when shc knew that the first romance of their lovc was pass ed, shc camc to their home little doubting that a new objcct for his attcntions would bc glad ly wclcomcd. But Arthnr trnly loved hi wife, and for a time that lovc was his safc-guard. There wcrc momcnts when thc tull dreauiy cyea- of Eveline would bc fixcd on him, as shc spokc bitterly of thc misery of a heart that had wast cd its decpest, faohcst lovc on ono who lookcd upon itas a stranger when he would almost wish to prcss hcr snowy hand to his lipj, his hcart, and tcll hcr that he loved hcr, guilty thougli'it might be. Then thc sorrowful facc of hcr who had trusted love" and life to him would float before his vision, and he would turn from thc bcautiful, but crring woman at his sidc, and seek tranquillity and safety jn thc sweet prcsenCe of his wife. Yct he still listcncd to the tcmptcr; though for n tiine her imagc would bc banishcd, it was but to return again, and a thousand tim.es more radianttban before, hovcringnear his couch. in tho hush of midnight, contesting still a place in his hcart. Thcn though be saw the featurcs of his wife lovclr in the reposc of calm and innocftnt slumber, he would turn.madly away and al tnost hate her as a bar to his future happi ness. At last wcakncss and vatillation became guilt. and ho flcd with Eveline Gray to a for eigtr lan'd, Ieaving in her trust and blindness the ircntle Lucv. to whose unsuspecting hcart thc truth camo wiih a terriblc force, that for a time thrcatcntd to destroy the life that hence forth shc ft'lt would bc but a bcrdcn. A life that shc would gladly have yielded could shc have breathcd it oiit upon fiis bosom, chccr ed bv thc thought that his lovc was still her cnArTER iir. Oh I wed Jed lovr how beautiful IIow purc a thinf thoa art I Jfay, turn not from me tbat dear face Am I not thinc thine own ioird bride The on, thr choMn one, whoe plaee In life or dcath, u hy thyiidel" Jlooac Eveline. tcill sce mv husband. You r-nnnnf. snall nnfc tlpfnTn mft from his bedside. I know that he is dying yovnloo may deny it I not you too know that he will not seo the j sctting of another sun. And yet I will notbe 1 dnvcn away, J, who am lus lawiut wnc. xou will not be so crucl J" "Lucv Clare." said Eveline. coldly and haughtiiy, "you have been misinformcd he Ime vnt m.nv vnnrc tn livr if rnil rlfj not bv "w J J J V I your rashncss hastcn thc death you say you j would give your life to avert. l Dcg tnai ai prcsent thc sick room may be undisturbcd when he awakcs, if it is his wish, you shall bc admittcd." "It is false you know his life hangs by a thread, and ifl'see him not within the hour, thev tell me I shall nevcr listen to his voice a gaic. Stand back I will cnter you will drivc mc mad." Ere tho outstrcfched arm of Eveline could dctain her she had flown by thc astonuhcd at tendants, and with a long cry of mingled joy and tcrror had thrown herself beside the couch, whero palc and cmaciated lay the oncc brilliant Aithur Clare. But she started back wildlv, for thc face of the sleeper was like that of Ihe dcad, and thc feeble breath tbflt still fluttered to and fro disturbed not the bloodlcss lips. "Ob.1 God,hcisdead! I am too late too latc Speak.tome, dearone look up once mo'ror Andasifto obcy thcse wdd, heart' broken ejacnUtions, a faint.smilc stole over the wan lips, and she'fclt thc hand that giasp ed his fccbly pressed, while a low voicc whis pered "Mv wife J do I drcam 1" "No, thank heavcn, it is not a drcam you live you aro awakc it is Lucv, dearest your own Xucr, come to bc with you again forevcr." But the hand that for a moment no had fecbly clasped was again released, and he shuddered nnd moaned as he turned from the deep gaze ol those love-li: eyes. The thought of his grcat sin came lo him, and he felt it was not his right toclasp that dearhand and to listcn to words ofleve and tenderncs3 from hcr whom he had so wronged. Bu! his wife onicklvnoted thc movement. and guested the thoughts that convulsed eve ry leature wiih stined pain. sne wound her lair.arms around him, and supporting his drooping liead as a molher would that ol n tender inlant, said. 'turn not Irom me. Ar thur, my beloved What -though you have sinned, repentance has been most bilter; the siain is aepanea uaa wiu torgirc you ev en as l nave done." Holy and bcautiful was Ihcpicturc, show ingforth woman'slove triumphingover pride and cruel desertion. And though Eveline Gray would have disturbed it, she dared not, but shrank back,for even bcr haughty spirit quaneu beiore thescene that met hcr zaze Thc golden rrys of one of Italy's most glori ous sunsets had stolcn in nnd lingered about the couch of the dyintr man. The head of Arthur rested upon thc bosom of his wifr, and his dark spiritual cyes were fixed upon ber, as it he feared that her presencewas a blistlul aelusioD, that would vanish witn nu waking and she, with the tun'jeams restiog in the golden curls that fell over them both at a halo, and her sofi, blue eyes peaceful and serene, seemed as aguardian angcl come to chcer the last momenis of him who would soon depart for a far land. "Sly husband," murmured Lucy, as sho bcnt over him, wondcr not that you sec mc wiJi you. Tho tidings came that hc whom I yct loved decply and holily was dying afar a mong strangers, and that none but "she who had ruined my pcace watchcd over him. They said that even her love had grown cold. Then camc a voicc in the stillncs3of cventidc, 'go to him it sbould bo your care to soothc and to scrve.' I felt in my heart that you would rcccivc mc. tbat vou would not turn from me now. So I braved the angcr of friends who wonld have dctained me from you, for they said it was unwomanlv to scck one who had dcscrtcd mc for anothcr. I did not rucan to spcak barshly, dcarest, forgive .mc look up oncc more. Oh I have drcamed of this hour, and now it has arrivcd again and again have l Iboujjht that your clear cyes wcrc looKin: with love once more into my own, that your kisscs were on my lips. Uut that vision tauea, I wokc to find vou far distant but this is real- ity, and I am happy, oh 1 so happy. I fcar my heart will brcak for Tery joy, for pow that I am herc I know tbat thc dark shadows will pass away. the hand of dcath tcill be slayed. xou cannot die dear, dcar husband. "I am content to die, my swcct Lucy, for have oncc more scen that dear facc. and hav listened to words of forgivencss from thosc sweet lips. Yes, I must die my darling, for it cannot bcwitn us as in daysof old, and I could not bear anothcr senaration. JJo not lcav me now but a little whilc and I shall bc no more." Slowlv and crorccouslv dicd awav that sun sct sky. Kay aftcr ray of crimson and gold brightened, dcepcned, and then faded to the asfaen Iiup that veils thc wholo heavcns, till thc moon in iicr miamgnc paiuway suvcrs trrcm a- gain. And thus fitfully and slow dcpartcd thc life of Arthur Clare his last smh was brc; ed foldcd to the hcart of his Toug lost wife and with thc last sunsct bcam his spirit depart cd. Is not forgivencss thc holiest principlc of human lovc t READING ALOUD. A book is ten-fold a book, when read in the company of beloved friend?, by the ruddv fire. on the wmtrv eveninc; and np commentaries, or notes Variorvm, are comparable to the interruptcd sayings o the wife and sister, or the merry ejacula tions of the littening child. A good voicc, a just intouation, and a quret but animatcd delivery, secure far more of the soul of the great author, than any amount of closet studp. It is delishtful to feel that the delinht is shared by so many. There is frugality of timein reading good books aloud. I he matron goes on witli her stocking; the girls,ply the nimble nccdle; Jack and iom work away at carving and joinery the very child that rolls on the carpet or plays with puss is unimpcded in his pursuits: all the while the stream of knowledge and enlertain ment is gently ffowing into the wakeful ear. Glances from bright eyes, smiles, and lauzhter, or perhaps thc sigh and tear, bear witness to the stroke of wit, or the touch of palhos. To make a pleas tire, otherwise solitary, one of social love, is to exalt it this takes place when some stirring old history is read aloud in the family group. Ancient stories wf re made to bc orally delivered among theGreeks, we know, they were pronounced befoie thousands: amonjrthellomans, in crowd ed saloons of the great it is little et.ough if we do the like by our hresides. Poetry, which by its numbers addresses itself directly to the ear.is robbed of half its cliarms if ncrustd in silence. The taste for rhythmical composition is awa kened and cultivated by social reading. The legend goes home to.he imaginalion with accumulated force when uttered by a beloved voice. There is magic in the human organ, which the dead letterofthe pace can never rival, and which Ieaves deep traces on the memory. .Though the great poet writes it for solitary lucubra tion, I woujd claim it also for the domes tic circle, to rise on the wings of 'genius, when tragedy "In aceptred pall comef rwecpin; by, Precnting Thebes, or Pclopa' line, Or the tale of Troy dirine, Or Vrat (though rare) of later ayo Eanobled hath the buikinrd taf e." Whq does not remember some illumih ed evening, in which faces, now removed, shone more brightly at the recital of some great action, and where the thrill of ex quisite awe ran through the entire assem blage of.hearts in unison? For such en joyments, tve might be willing to sacrifice a few ho'urs of recluse literaiire, which but for tbese interruptibns, might grow moody, selfish and unfruitful. Let us bathe our intellectual pleasures in domes- tic afTectiftn. So rich are the stores of written lening, that we may, on these sacrcd occions, deal chiefly whh.rflas- V terpieces; the chotce morsels of human wisdom. Selection is more apt to be guarded, aud equirocaf matter is more sure to he biinished, where the wife and daughter are 1o be listepers. Newark Dauy Adv. The Langoage of pLOWEna. The fair lily is an image of holy innocence the purpled rose a figure of heartfelt love faith is represenled to us in the blue pas sion flower hope beams forth from the evergreen, peace from the olive-branch, immortality ttom the immortelle; the cares of life are represenled by the rose mary the victory of the spirit by the palm modesty bj the blue, fragrant vio-J let compassion by the ivy tenderncss by the myrtle affectionate reminisccnce by the forget-mc-not natural histnry and fidelity by the oakleaf; unassutningness by the corn-flower, (the cyane,) and the aurictilas, "how friendly they look upon us with their child-Iikc eyes." Even the dispositions of the human soul are exprcss- ed by flowers. Thus. silent grief is poir- trayed by the weeping-willow, sadness by the angclica. shuddering by the aspen, melancholy by the cypress, desire of meet- insr again by the startwort the night smelhn? rocket is a figure qf life, as it stands on the frontiers between light and darkness. Thus nature, by these flowers, seems to betokeu her loving sympathy with us and whom hath she not often more consoled than heartless and voice less mdn were able to do I A Ladv's Mother vrno'i ''Some." Thc following notificatinn waspublishcd in the Springfield (Ohio) Republic, of the 2Cth ult To Dick Locan If you want my girl, why don't you come and ask me like a genlleman, and not be making a fool of her She can get a better looking man than you. I want you to send back the landlady's trunk, for the Iandlady thinks hard of me about it. If my daughter, Lila Macklin, wants to marry as black a man as Dick, let her come home and do the thing right. Lila, your mother feels very bad, after doingso much for you, to have you do this wav. Do come home. There's a fellow in Xe- nia now, nearly dying for you, and wantS to marry vou. He's a ereat deal better than Dick, and you'd better come home, Eliza Macklin, Xcnia, U. f7A Boston loafer wasbrought up un- dcr the city ordinancelor heing loumt tirunk in the street Ihe fino being one dollar for each offence. I he line he paid, nnd was a gain nrraigned. "No you don'l, Judge," said he. "1 knows the law, one dollar lor each ollence, nn rf litj t'j the same old drunk.' Stii.l AsoTnER hew Pathv The Ihs' new medirnl ircatment imported from Eu rope, is called Isopalhv. Thc principle is to place the diseased part tlie similar orgun ta- ktn irom a henlihy anima:. Jt your neari i diseased, why covcr it with thc heart oi a sturdy bullock! Marriage for Moxet. I ncvcr knew a marriage for money, that did not end unbap- pily. JLCI mana"iri moiuera uim uuuiiic&s dnurhters arc continuallv playin" tho same unlucky came. I bclicve that roen more fre- quently marry for love than women, becaupe womcrl think thcv will not liavo a bcttcr cbancc. and dread bcinn dcpchdcnt. Sucli marriar?es. no doubt. somctimes prove tolera- bry comfortable. but a greater numocr wouia have bccn far happier single. If I may judge bv mv observation of such mattcrs, marrying for a home makcs that home a very tiresome onc. Mrs. Child. Ajt Uxlucky SunrmsE. A profcssor in a unircrsity, during a botanic Iccturc, took great pride in a discovf ry he had made of a very uncommon snccies of the ncttlc, but that it did not sting. A wag, in the secrct, had un- Iuckily changed thc specimcn, and introduced the common ncttle in its room. You sce gcn- tlemcn.' said the profcssor, 'that it does not sting.' Uc then applied his hand to it, and with cager astonishmcnt, addcd, 'ConfoundJt, bul tl does shngv Idlexess. Said the distinguished Chat- bam lo his son, 'I would have inscribed on thc curtains of your bcd and thc walb of your charaber, lf jou do not nse carly you can nev er m.-ike nrorfiss in anvthinrr. Ifyou do not set anart vour hours of rcadmir, if you suflcr- yoursell, or any one eisc to-oreaK in upuu iucm vour davs will slin throush vour handsunprof- i- ltable and frivolous, and uncnjoycd by.your- sclf.' TO TUE HUSBAND. Speak kindly to her. Little dost thou know", What utter wretchedness,hathope!ess wo Hang on those bilter words, that slern reply, The cold demeanor and reprovinj: eye. The dealh steel nisrces not with keener darr Thanunkind words in woman's trustiDj heanJ Thc frail betnir bvthvsido isof linermould; kecner hcr sense of pain.of wrong, greater hcr lovc of tenderncss. How delicately tuned her hcart each rudcr breathupon its strings complains in lowest notcs of sadness, not hcaru, but felt. Itwears away hcr life Iike-a dccp under current, while the fair mtrroT of the changing surfacc givcs not one sign of woc. lNTEMPEnAXCiu President Jeffersononce said Thc habit af usmg ardent spmts, oy men in ofSce, has occasioncd more mjury to Iia rtill!r nnrl mnrp tronblri to me. than all other causes; and were I to commcnce myad minktration again, -with the,cxpcricnceJ jiow have, thc first. question, I would ask, rcspcct ing,acandidate, would be, Does hc usc ar dent spirits 1' A TnrriPATE IIinT. The Sccrctary of the Navy not long sincc rcceived alettcr, neat Iv rltreeted in it lady's handwriting, which en- closcd the announcemcn-cut from a newspa- per, 01 tne mjunagu ui u juuug uiw.v& nt Navy, an&H refercnce to thc 24th chapter of Deutironomy and tho 5th versc. We trust that the Secrctafy, who is aistin uishcd for his gallantry and good nature, has onc his duty in thc preuiiscs, and complicd with the requcst ihe passage rcfcrrcd to js as fallows When a man hath taken a new wife he shall not go out to war, neither shall hc be charccd with any business but hc shall be tree at home one ycar, and shall chcer up his wite wtuch he has taken. Taste ix Kames. Sevcral new papers rcceritly started in the cilr of Mcxieo. have for their titlcs El Punal de Brulo fthe daacer nf Brutus,) El Fanlasma Vcngador (the r pirit of Vcngeancc,) M.I lnjcrno (Uell,) and olhen with no less terriblc names. CnAXGES rx MAS's Life. About five years aso we saw a man li"ht hij cigar with a twentv ttollar note of thc Farmers'' arnd Mc- chanTcs Bank. At that time hc was full of life, and in thc possession of real cstatc in the city of Philadclphia valucd at S80.0O0. Alas! what changesdoth Time make on S.iturday last this fooliah man was sccn bcggin alms in our public streets. IIo lookcd wrrtclicd, was ghaslly palc, and miserably clad. Pennsylra- man. CoKFIDE IN YotJR. MoTUEIt. To the daughter we should sny, ihat no (avorite can love you wiih an afTeclfori so dicintcrcaled as your moiher. Dtceivc hcr, nnd your fect will slidein due lime. IIqw many thought' less dau"hlers" reneive nddrcsses clnudes linely, against the wish ofiheir parenti. give their hand in marriage, nnd thus dig ihe jjrave of their earihly happiness. Ile who would persuadeyou to deceiveyour pnrents. proves lumseit, in ihat very deed, unwortliy of your confidence. Ifyou wed him, you will speedily realize whaiyou have lost. You .will have exchangcd a sympnihisinj; friencr, and an able, judicious counsellor, forn sell ish, unfeclin j compatiion. ever seeking his nwnaccommodatioii and his own pleasure nCjjlectingyouin hcalth, aud desening you when sick. Editorial PnovERns. Wc find the fol lowing in onc of our cxchangcs. It contains wholesomc advicc, applicable to all latitudes and thc last two paragraphs, wc commend es pecially to thc noticc of our correspondcnts. some of whom may dcrivc both advantagc nnd consolation from thc pcrusal. When thou gocst to a printing oflice, lalk not to thc compontors, nor meddlc with any thinr: which thou mayst sce there. If thou hrinr'est a writinx for publiration. withbold not from thc editor the name of the author thereof, lcst thou sccmest to deal frand ulently, nor ask of him who hath wriltcn a cer tain piece, lest hc mav not wish to tell thre. Lct thc writing which ihou mavst bring bc legible, lcst much time be lost in dccyphcring it, and bc not too long, clsc no onc will read it but sce to it tbat thy stylc is clear and thy words simple, that all mar untlerstand tftec And take no oflence if tliv piece le not publishcd, for it might have mjured thcc or duhonorcrt thy fncnds, and it may bc that the editor hath other picccs better than thinc. The New York Bab. Some gcntlemen ofthe hnr latcly made a cnlculntion hy which it appenrs that their ngregatc nctt receipts are so small as not to mmisli over f 250 a vcar to ot Iemt one thinl of the membcrs of the legid profession. There are over 900 Attornejs in New York. nnd it is believcu 200 or tbese do.not eam S20O a vear. Cbab Orciiard Too." Thc KnoxrilU TriJuna-tclls as good an clcction story as can bc found. There is a place in thc mountains ot .Last lenncsscc called Urau Urcnartl." It was oncc said there, by a wortliy preachcr. that" the Liord had scnt preachers into th world and lo Crab Orchard, too." In the latc clcction campaign, a Col. Iliiyncs wcnt down to LTab Urcliard to picach Ioco-i- ocoism a- mong thc -mountainccrs. IIc prcachcd th'rce liours alonc, with no liuinan being to qpposc him, and thought his chance for convcrts was capital. i hc mountain chaps listened, qutet as lambs,-and wcrc very rcspcctiul. l hen camc thc clcction, and the votc of Crab Or chard stood thus Tavlor 87 Cass 0! VuLc'iRiTvor Lire. Man is so inclined lo give himself up lo common pursoiis, ihe mind bccomes so easilv dulled to ininrcaf ioni of ihe bcautiful nnd perfecl,lhat one fhoulil take all possible mcans toawaken one'eper ceplivefaculiy loourh ohjccts for one can enUrefy dispense with these pleasures nnd t is cinlv Ihc heinjnccuslomed to ihe enjoy- ment of anyihing good that auses muny men lo find pleasure in tnateleas and Irivial objects, which have no rccommentiauon oui ihat of novelly. One oughl every day, lo bear alilllesong, to read a, little poelry, ser a wood piclure, and, il it i possible, lo ray n t- li. i. r. il.. ICW rcasutiawiu wurun. uwiic. Dres?. An emineiitjuilgcnnd n pre-cm Incnt iudge ofhuman nature, observe "It is an observation I Jinve always made, ihat ilrcss has a mornl efTect upon ihe conduct nf mankirul. J.etany genlleman find himself wimadiriy pair ol boois, old coat, soiiecl neck-cloth, aod a general negh'Kence ofdress. he will iii all probaliilily find a ccrrespoiid- ing disposiuon to negligence oi nuuresn. He may, n dithabille. curse and swcar. speak roughly and tKink coarsely, bui put ihe same mnn in full dress, and he will feel himself quite another person. To use the languugeol a blackguard. would then beout ofcharacter; he will tftlk smoothly. afTect noliieneBs. if he has il nof, uique himself up on good mannerf, an J reepect the women nor will the spell subsiue, uniil reiurninjt hnme. thr nfrl eonL ihe heelless sliDPers. and otherslovenly .ippendages. make him lose ao-aiu his bricl consciouencssof bring a geu tleman.' FATOEit TAvr.on on G"ov. Bniofis. At tbc closc of his scrvices yctterday afternoon, Fathcr Tavlor held up the Governor's Procla- mation. aDnointin? a dar of Thanksrivin!rjind said: "Brethrcn, I would read this papcr, if 1 had strength cnougn left to.do it. Jt is vorv long, and as good as it is long. It cnds with thcrprayer, 'God savc the Commonwealth V 1 bank God, brethren, that was done a weeic ago r Journal, 21th. O.ne FniENn. How pleasant a thing it is to have one friend to whom we can go and unbosom our feelings when the world is harsh witn us, anu aarxness nas settled on the fair face of nature. At such a time, a heart to counsel and ad- vise with us that will manifest feeling and nympathy is.above allprice. The ont-gushings of love and tenderncss rc- vive and cheer drite' atiay the sadness- trom tne bosom and brighten the heav-' ens again. He who has one friend tc whom he can go in the hour of adver-- sity, can neter be wholly east down can never be driven to despanr. Ther world dark as it may sometimes be will always contain one brirrht jpot. Beautiful spot it will erow brighter, tilf thc strickcn heart partakcs of the fulne.'.s1 of joy and is east down no more" forevci- SONS OT TBMPERANCE Grand DiviPfo.N or" VxHM0r. Annual session m ihe month of OcloberV at Montpelier. First onarlcrlv session. WednCEday, 10th cf Januarv. at Woodstock second, Wednesdny, 2Gth of April, at Brat- tleboro; third, Tuesday, 2ith of Jnly, at Mfddkbnry. Officers roa t3 and iSAO. Thos. E. Powcre.dl Woodstock, G. W. P"' A.D. Ptitnam, of Braltleboror, G. W. A. Wm. W Wells, of Waterbury, G. fccribeV Wm. Carpenter,orVater5iury. G.T. Elr Ballou. of Montpelier, G. Chaplorn. Danie) Loihian, of Stowe, Cf. Conductor. Benj. F. Sheldon, of Wmdsor, G. Sen. Number of Ditisions and tfictr Location No, 1 at Bennington No, 2 at Biaillc- boto Nj. 3 at Waterbury No. 4 at Stowe f No. 5 at Montpelier No 6 at Windsor No. 7 at Woodstock; No. 8 nt Vergennes f No. 9 di nnuuicourv. fXT5" The Union has a Innjarticle nrg ing the settlement of the Wilinot Proviso quc.stion during this session. It sajs "The South is perfectly tHlrnc ta ad-r just this qucttiaii in the" most tfoncihatory spirit. As far us we are adviscrl, it is pcr fectly willing to il'mde the country bc--tween them on the principle" of the Mis souri Compromisp giving the North the lion's share. lf the North rcjects tlnsr proposition on the grnund that the tcrti-r tory is now frce, and they til ncv er con seut to scttle it with Slavcs, then thc South proposes to leave the wlroPe qiiertion to the decision of thc lcgal tribunals of thc cnuntry. on thc principle of Mr. Cfayton's bill. If this proposition bc rejected, thcn they propojc to k) iKithing by laiv, and leave the matter to be scltled by the laws and tlie Constitution of the land." (jy The Vnhn kindly infofms Gen. Tayfor tlrat he wilf not find his pnsitinn as President "a bcd of roses' 'J'hank yoir sir f Tlie old hefn wiK bc prepared for it. Hc has slcpt in a Manket on the grcunoT many and many a fitne,- and wilf not re quirea "bcd nf roscs" to make hin- com fortable and al Frfs ease Ala. Gaz. MADiME Rkktf.lu This rreatme tvas not pardoncd hy Gov. Yotinff. bttt il i iiiiil the Shcriff rele asrd her from piiron nn lii own responsibility. Ile dkl no onthe grouml that the time shc was in prkon nwnriinz hcr irial 5honIdbe dedocted Irom thc ferm of hci scntenee. Important TniAi A tnafofmtcrestlia? just bcert conclnIed nt Cliarlrton. Ihat of" rrancis Vanncfn, for the mtmfer oi Bobcrt F. IIemy, one of thc weallhicst men in Charles ton. Ilcnry's cstatc is valued nt a million of dolIoTs. Venuelii U an rahibitor of wax lisj- urcs, lbekilhnz occnrreu from a bchcfon jhc part of the prtsoncT f hirt llic tJccensed ha! invndcd his mJKrimoni.Tl riuhts. The tnal oe. capicd thrco d.iys, during wliich time thccourt houc was densvly crowdcd, and tcrminatcd in a vcrdict of not sniltv. The rcsnltof this tri- houhf scrve asa waniintr asainst violation of the established coursc of justicc. The pub lic mind had bccn so inflamcd ngatnt thc prij' oncr, that a fbort time befiire the trial it was stroncly nrsctl that he should be taken hv force from (hc jail, and hnrfged without tlie form of trial and yct, when Ihu venlict of not goilty was relurned, it was rcceived w'tu JouJ applausc bv tho crowtled ascniblv, h ereat was tbc chaDgo predticcd bv a fair and impar tial hcaring of his dcfenee by connscl. fST Hic clcction of Gcncral Taylor to- ihe Prfoidcnty will nof ocaion a vacflncy in tlitr rcgular line of thc nnuy, ai thc law which created the officc of Major General, which hc now hold, abtilifhcs ffin thc cvent of dcath, rcsignation, or dlsnii.sal. nEV-TATLOh Axij Fiifj: Soii- We Iiare In onr nos5cssion the tnmval leler of Gen. Tavlor. duly jlgncd in the bold hand of Old Zack. dcuy. injf ihe rcportcd ronrcr.itlonof ihe Committecof thc 3Ii.skippi Lcf;i.;lu:arr. We have al.o in onr possession, another orlginal lcttcrof Gcn. ravlor, in which he dcclarcs he will if elected 1're'iilent, exert himjelf to the ntmost lo defrat all nttempts to violaie the irniory of Jlcxico, liy prttcndcil "Bdflalo hnntJ." Aml still anothcr 0n2in.1l let- tcr, in which he savs he ii oj,posed ta any fartlier acnulsltion of terrftorr. Tho Rrrti'ter may he as- surcd-that Gen. Tavlor is sound on all these nncs- lion.. and that he tvill no triorc reto a l ilmot rmvijo. than he will cnt ofl his right hand. AW Ilaren PaBadium. A TlIANKSCIVING DVY AXECDOTE. Thfl Hagcrstown (Md.). Plcdge tclls thc. following story oftwo mcn from Pcnnsylvania, who camc to that town ta scll marketing on, Thanksgiv- lgDny: When they entcrrd the town thcr trrre vc-1 ry much astonished at heanng tne ciinrcjiuciis nngi and secingihc stores nhoTsbops all shut up, and peoplo all dresjcd in their Sunday war. who was near. sccinz how thc matter "stood, obscrved, don't you know this Is Sun- riay Thev both deciareu tncy did not Then said thc wng, this is 'SundaV, and if Uhe police comes across you sclling vour mar' 7 1 1 1 -II r.-.i 1 KCling ncTV toiajr, uu itiu nmi 11 oui to vour cost. Ihe mcn soon ncgan to-think of Ieav ing. not, however,- bcfbre" remarking that they could not account for its being SundrtV bfit, as their almanacs did not always tcll thc truth in jppai to the falling of ntin and snow on the dav appointwl, they were jost as liable to make a mistake as regardstha.daj-ori which Sunday might fall, as in any tmng ele- "And. said ther, "tbepcople m our parts are all workinir to-dav. and in fact, we did not know of to-daybeing Sunday." The racn thcn'dis- appcared. Thc Xatiomil Era mcntions a rumor thaU Mr.Bnllitl. ofthe Now Orleans IScavunc, w to be taken to Washington as the organ of tho Taylor tdminijtration. i i 1

Page 2

I PKESIDENT3 MESSAGE. TeUow-cilizcns of the Senatf, ajul ofthe House of Repreientancft U...lcr tho bcnignant Pri,Ie" "Ll an.io. rCi ri The era.itudc aeiioenie r ArbUcr c ol tno naiion iu :,t, Wm cvcnts, AouU be commcncnratc with the boundlws blessmga wmcu .T'J onfl mntcnttncnt tl.rougl.oul our bordcr., and our vlco Iry i.rcseut a sublimc moral spectaclc to thc The troubled and unscttlcd condition of r.i. nn;r.nl Knronean powera i.os Ccarx tPn.lpncvto check and cmbip nnA In dnnresg DnCC3 throughout oll commerci.il nations; but notwithstanding the United Statcs, with tlieir a- i,..n.i.mt riroducts. liavc felt their iffects less ilmn .niv other courftrv, and all our ;ni.-i.5ts Tire s!ill r.rospcrous andsuc- In rcvicwins tbccreat cvcnts of thc past vcar, and contrasting: thc acitaled and uis "turbed state of othcr hountries with our own tranquil andhappv condition, wc may congrat ulatc ourselvcs that we arc thc most favorcu pcople on the facc of eartli. W hile ibc peo plc of othcr countries arc strupghng tocilau li!i frcc instilutions undor whidi man may ,m,n l.WMf vn iire in Ihc actual cnjoy- ment of thcm a rich inberitance from our Wliiln onliMitcncd nations of Eu- ronc arc convulsed and distractcd by civil war or intcstino stnte, we sciue u C cnntrovcrsies by thc peaccful cxercisc'dl the ;.rl.i.nf ftvcmon at the ballot-box. Ihe grcat republican maxiin !o dceply engrayen on the hearts of our peoplf, that thc will o Ihe majoritv, constitutionallv exprcFseu, s.iai. prcvail, is our safcguanl against force and vio Jfncc. It is a subject of just pndc, that our fmue and charactcr as a nation continue rop idly to advance in thc cstiination of a civilizcil vcrhl, To our wisc and frcc institution3 it is ro bc attributcir, that while othcr nalionshavc nchicvad'glorTat thc pnrc of Ihc fuircnng, ilistress; and "inipovcrishment of thcir pcople, -ac have won our honorable position in thc jnidst of an nnintcrrnptcd profpcrity, and of an iccrcasing iudivjilual comfort and happi- 11 c s. I aiu i happy to Inform you that our rclalions 1 naiions arc fricndiy and pacific. Ad- vant"C0us trcatics of coinmcrcc uajc ut-gn concludcd within the Iast four ycnrs with cw n.n.t.li TVm. ihe two Sicilies, liclKium, JIanocr. Oldenburg and Mocklcnburg Sfhwcrin. Pursning our cxamplt, Jhe re- j Ktri-.tie system of Great Itrilain, our pnnti- pal forcign customcr nai occn rc.axcn a liberal CiHimiercial policy has bccn adoptcd by olhcr cnlightcncd nations, and our trado has l.-n crnv-itU- cnlanrcd and cxtcndcd. Our country stands highcr in thc rcspcct of thc world than at any formcr pcrioih To c-or.tin-n nr-rimv this nroud liosition, it is only neeesfarv lo prcscrvc pcacc, and faithfully ad- here to thc great anl lunuamcniai pnncipiu of our furrign policy of non-intcrfcrcncointhc domcslic concorns of other nations. Wc rc-i-ognise in all nations thc rights wiiich wc en- oy ourselvcs to change and rcronn thcir po itiral institutions, according to thcir own will and plcasurc. Hcncc wc do not loot bclnnu cxisrin gocrnmcnts, capablc ot maintaining thuir tmn authority. We rccognisc all such actual govcrnmcnls, not only from thodictatcs nf tnie policy, bnt Iroma sacicd rcgard for thc inda pcndcncc of nations. While Ihis is our scttlcd policy, it docs not follow that we can cver bc indin'crci.t tpccta tors of thc progrcss of liWral principlcs. The gorernmcnt and pooplc of the Unitcd Statcs liailcil with cnthusiaim and dclight thc cs.tab lishmcnt of tho Frcnch rcpublic, as wc now hail le cfTorls in progrcss to nnitc thc Statcs of Gcrmany m a confcilcration, similarin ma nv rcspf-ts to our own fcdfiral Union. If thc great and cnlightcncd Gennan States, occu pyinj, s thcy do, a ccntral and comuianding liosition in Kuropc, fhall succccd in establih ing such a confcdcrated govcrnmcnt, sccunng nt'thc samc timc to thc citizcns of cach State, local govcrntncnts adaptcd to thc pcculiar con dition ofcach, with unrcstrictcd tradcand m tcrcourso with cach olhcr, it will bc an impor tnnt cra in thc hiitorj of human cvcnts. Whilst it will miiRnlidato and strcnsthcn thc.tiower of Gcrmany, it must cssentially promotc thc cansc of pcacc, commorcc, civilization, and co:i5titutional libcrty throughout the world. With all thc govcrnmcnts on this contincnt our rclations, it is bclicvcd.arc now on a morc fricndly anil atisfactory footing than thc havc evcr bccn at any formcr jieriod. Sincu the cxchange of ratifications of thc trc.ity of pcaco with Mcxico, our intorcoursc witirthn govcmmcnt oftlnt rcpublic has bccn nf tho most f.iendly charactcr. Tho Envoy Extraordinary and Miimtcr ricnipotcntiary of thc Unitcd Statcs, to Mcxico, has bccn rc ceivcd aiul nccrcditcd and a diplomatic rcp lxscntutive from Mcxico, of timilar rank, has bccn rcccivcd and accrcdilcd by thi govcm mcnt. Thc amicable rclatioii9 bctwcen the two couctrics, which hal becn su.-pcndcd,havc liccn kappily rcstorcd. ar.d are destincd, I rut, to bc Iong prcscrvcd. Tlic two rcpub lics, Iwth situafctl on this contincnt, cotermi. noiu Icrritorics, havc every uiotivc of synipa thy'and of intcrcst to bind thcm togcther in lierpelqal amity. This gratifying condiiion of our forcign rcla tions rcndcrs it unncccfsary for mo to call your attpntion morc spccificaily to thcm. It has bcc-n niy constant aim and dct-irc to cnltiiatc pcacc and commcrcc with all nations l ranquunv ai nnmu, anu iK.-in.ciui icuiuun: 1 i:,. .I, i r..i of our conntrv. War, the scourcc of nations romctimes becomcs incvitablcbut is always to bc avoidcd when it can bc donc consirtcptly ivith.tl'O rights and honorof thc nation. Ono of thc most important rcsultis of iho war into which we wcre rccently forccd with a ncighboring nntioa, is thedcmonstration it has atrorded ot'the militarj- strcngth of our coun try. I5eforc thd latc war with Mcxico, Euro pcan and othcr forcign l'owers entcrtaincd im pcrfcct and crroncous xiews of our physical itren"th as a nation, and of ourabilitr to pros- ecutc war, and cspecially a war wagcd out of our own country. Thcy saw that our standing army on tho po&cc establishment did not cxcccil tcn thou sand mcn. Accustomcd thcmselvcs to main tain, in pcacc, large aiding armies for the protcction of throncs against their own sub iccts, as well as ajainst foreijrn cncmies. thcv had not conccivcd that it was posfiblc for a na tion wituout sucli an arnir, well disciphncd and of lon" serricc, to wage war succcsifully. Tlicy held in lOw repute, our militia, and wcre far from rearding them as an efTcctiTe forcc, unlesa it nught be for temporary defcn livc opcrations wbeninradcd'on our own soil. Thc evcnts of the late war with Mexico havc not ouly undcceivcd thcm, but have rcmorcd erroneous impressions which provailcd tosomc uxtcnt ovcn among a portion of our own coun trjmen. That war has dcmonstratcd, that upon the breaki: out of hostilitiej not anticipated, and for which no previous p'rcparation had ben inade, a voluntccr army of citizen" soldiers c ipial to vcteran troops, and in numbcrs ctmal to any emcrgciicy, can in a short pcriod he brou'jhtinto tho" field. Unliko what would liaTe occurrcd in any other country, we wc,re umlcr no necessity of rcsorting to dranghu or con.criptions. On the rontrary, such was the numbef of roluntecrs who natnoticallr tend- jcrcd their scrYioeo, tfiaL the clucf diflicultv xvas m maEing selcctioas und detcrniiuing whp shoulil bc dkippointdl and compellcd to rc main :t nome. Our cjtucn foldicrj are un- flike thoscdravfn from the population of any rthnr mintrr-. Ihcv arc compo6ea IUUI8- criminatcly of all profcsnons and pursnitt: of farmers, lawyers, pnysicians, mercuanis, uiau ufacturers, tncchanics, and laborers; and this, not only among inc ouiccrs, wn inu pnisic licrs in the ranks. Our citizen soldiers are unlike thoic of any other country in other respects. Thcy nre anncd, and havc bccn accustomcd from their youth p to bandlc and usc fire-arms anu a large proportion of thcm, cspecially in the western and more newly-settlcd Statcs, are e.xpert mnrksmcn. Uncy are men wno n.ne a rcputation to maintain at homc by thcir good conduct in the field. Thcy are intelligcnt, and. therc is an individuality of charactcr which is found in thc ranks ot no otDer army. In battlc, cach private man, as wcll at every officcr, fights not only for his conntry, but for glory ana distinction amon njs Kiran-uiucm whcn he shall return to civil lifc. The war with Mcxico has dcmonstratcd not nnlv the abilitv of tho covernment to organ izc a numcrous army upon a suddcn call, but also to nrovidc it with thc munitions and ncc es.iry supplies with dcspatch, conTcnience. and casc, and to direct in opcrations with cf ficienev. The ttrcngth of our institutions lias not onlv becn disnlavcd in the valor and skill of our troops engagcd in active fcrvice in thc ficld, but in tlie oi-ganirarion oi inosc eiccu tivc branchcs which wcre charged with the gcncral dircction and conduct of thc war. While too crcat praisc cannot bc bcstowcd nnon thc olficcrs and mcn wlio fought our bat tk-s. it would bc unjust to withhold from thosc ollk-ers nccejsarilv stationcd at homc, who wcre charged with thc duty of furnishing the army, in propcr tinic and in propcr placcs, with all Ihe munitions of war and othcr sup plies so necessary to make it efficicnt, thc com- mcndation to wnicn mcy arc cmuieu. Thc crcdit ilue to ihis class of our ofiiccre U the grcatcr, when it js contidered thnt no armv in ancienl or modern timcs was ever belter appointcd or provided thaB our army in Mexico. Operating in an enemy's coun try, reinoved Iwo thousand n.iles from the seat of ibefederal governmejit, iis diflerent corpi rpreadover a vastextent of territory. hundredvand cven tliouiari'te of miles apart from cach otlier, nnth.nir short of Ihe unti- ring Tigilnnce nnd extraordinary energyof Hieee olhrers coiihl havc enaliled llicm to providc tln- army at all pomie, nrd in p orer Fe.iion, with all that was required lor the most cllicient servicc. Jt isbulnnact of juslice to declnre, that thc olficcrs in chnrge of ihe scvcral csccu- nvc burcau?, all under Ihe lmmcdmtc cye and supcrvifion ofihe Secrelary of AVar, pcrlbrn.ril ihcir rcpective dulies wiih abili ty, cncrcy, and cilicicncy. 1 hey liave rcap ed Icbs ol'lhc gloiy of the war, not having bccn prrsonnlly cxposed lo iis ponli in bat tlc, ihau llicir ccmpanione :n arms but wiih- oul iheir fo-cc.isi, I'flicicQt aid, and coopcra- lion. Ilioscin ihe Oeld would not havc bcen provided with ihenmple means they posscs- teU ol acl:icr:ng for incmeelves and their country theunladini; honorsnhich they have ivon fur both. Whcn all these facls are conEidered, it rnay ccase !o bc n maltur of eo mucli amnzc ment ahroaJ l;ow il hnppened that our noble army in Mcxice, rrgulars and volunteers, tvcrc vicltirious upon every battle-field.hoiv-cvcr fcarrul ihe odda against tliem. The war with Mcxico has lhu fully dcvel opcd ihc capacity of republican govemmcnts lo prosecule sucrcfsfully a jusl and necessa ry forcign vt ar wiih all ihp vigor usually at irihutcd toniorc afbitrary forms of govern mcnt. -Ilhnsbccn usual foi nrilcrs on oub- lic law to imputc to republics a want of that unil-, conccnirationorpurpose, an.-l vigorof c.vccution, which arc genc.-ally admitlcd to neiong lo tno monarclncal anu ansiocratic forms; and this fcature of popular govcrn mcnt has hcen supposcd lo display iiself morc pnrticiilnrly in Ihc conduct ol a war carried on in nn onemy's territory. The war with Great Britain in 1812, was to a grcal extcnt contmcd within our own limiis and shcd but little light on this subject. Bul ihe war which wc Iiotc jusl closed by nn hon orable pcacc, cviuccs beyond all doubl, thnt a popular rcprcscntativcgovernmcnti8 equal lo any emergency which is likcly to arisc in thc afTairs ofa naiiou. Thc war with Mcxico has developed most etrikingly and r.ontpicuously anoiher feature in our inslilutions. Jt is, ihal without cost lo ihc governmenl or dangcr to our lilierties, ne harc in tlic lioBcni of oursociety of frcc n.cti, tivnilablc in a iust and necessary war. virtualhjj a standin: army of twomillions of armed cilizcn-jolccrs, sucn as loughl the baiilcsof Mcxiro. 15 ul our military elrcnglh does not consisi alone in our capacity for extended and suc ccsslul opcrations on iand. Thc navyisan importnnl am of Ihc naiional defcncc If ihe scrviccs of Ihc navy wcre notco brilliant as thosc nf ihc army in the late war wiih Mexico, it was hccause thcy had no enemy lo rreet on their own element. AVhilo thc army had annpportunity ofpcrforming more cnnspicupu? scrvice, llie navy Jargely par licipntcd in ihe conduct of Ihe war. Both hratiches of the service pcrformcd thcir whole duiy to inc country Uor Ihe able and gallant scrviccs oflhe ofliccrs nnd mcn of the navy acting inde pcndcntly aswellasin co-operation wiih our troops in llie conqueat ol ihe Ualtiormas.lhe r.aplureof Vera Cruz, and the seizure and occupniion of other important positions on thc Gulf and Pacific consts, the highest prnise is uuc, I heir vieilatire, cnergv and skill. rendercd ihc mot t cflpclive pcrvice in i.i: r i excluding munilions of war and olner siif pli?s from ihe enemy, while thcy secured a safe enlrance for ahundanl mipplica for our own nrmy. Our extcnucu romnierce was nowhcre intcrrupted; nud for ihis iinmuni- ly Irc.tn the cviis ol war, the country is tn- deliled lo tl:e navy. Hizh prnise is due to thc ofliccrs of thc nl'fiml oViirtllll'a kn.aiilic n,r .Jp n n.l etalinns cmnecled wiih ibe servicc, all under the inimediale dirrclion of ihe Secretary of ot inc rxavy, lor ihe innuslry, loresight, nnd cnergy wiih whi"h everything wae'dirtcted and fu'rnished to give eflir.iency to that branrh oflhe scrvice. Thc snme vigilnnct existed in .irecting ihc operalinns of thc navy, as of ihe army. Therc was concert of aclionard ol purposc bclween ihe hcads of the two arms oflhe serrice. Bv the oiders which were from timc lo limc iesued, uur -cssels of war on the Pacific and thc Gulf of Mexico were stationed in propcr time and in propcr positions to co-operate, efficienllv. wiih ihe nrmy. By Ihis means their combincd pow- er was nrougni to bear succesnluliy on the enemy. The great resulls which havc becn devel oped nnd brought to light by "this war. will be of immeasurablc importnncc in the future progress of our country. They will tend powerfully to presprve us from forelgn col lifions. and to er.nble us to pureur uninter rupfedly our cherished policy of "peace with all naiions, entangling alliance ,wih nonc." Occnpying, as wo do, a more comroand ing pocitioti among nntions than at any for mcr period, our dutics and our responsibili ticslo curselves and to poslerily nre ror.-cif. pondingly mcreased. This will be tno more obvious when we conaidcr thc vast additions which have been recenlly made lo our ter ritpnal possessions, and their great impor tance and value. Wiihin Ices than four years the annexa lion'of Tcxas lo theUnlon has bcen ccnsum matcd: all'-conflictin? tille lo ihe 'Orepon Territory south bf thc forty-ninlh dcgree of J north lalitude. beinr' all that was insisted on by any ormy predecessors, haa been ndjust a,I nnd New Mexico and Unner Cnlifornia have been ncbuired bv treaty. The area of these several Tcrritones, according to a re porl carefully prepared by the Commisston- er ol inc ueweral jana umce, irou. i auiheniic informaiionin his possession, and which is hercwiih transmitted, contains one millicn one hundred and nineiy-thrce thou sand and sixty-oce squaro miles, or seven hiiniTrpd nnd fiixlv- ihree miflion five hundred nnd fifiy-nine thousand ahd forly acres; while the areaol ine remaining iweniy-ninc oiuic, and ihe territory not yet organized into Staies east oflhe Rocky Mountains, contains two million fiflv-nine thousand hve nunureu and ihirieen square miles, or thirieen hun dred and eichteen million one hundred aud twenty-six thousand and nfty-eight acres These estimates show inat tne ierrnorn:o recentlv acnuired. nnd over which our ex clusive jurisdiciion and dominion have been extended, constiiuie a couniry more muu halfns large as all that which was held by ihe United Staies before ihe acnuisilion. 11 Oregon be cxcludcd from the estimate, there will l III remain within ihe limiis of Texas, New Mexico, and Chlifornia, eteh.t hundred and fifly one thousand five hundred and ninetv-eiirht souare miles. or Cve hundred and forty.five million twelve thousand sevcn hundred and twcnty acres; ueing an nuui tion equal lo more tfian one-lhird of nll thc lerrilory owned by the Uniled States before iheir acquisition; aud, including Oregon, nearly asgreut an extent nf territory as the whole of Europe, Russia only excepted. The Mississippi, solately the frontierof our couniry, is now only iis centre. With Ihe addilion of the late acquisiiions, the United Slales are now estimated to ne nearlv as larce as thc wholo bf Euroue. It is etiiinaicd by the superiutendent of ihe eoasl survey, in ihc accompanying rcporl, that the exlcnt of the seacoast of Tcxas on the Gulf of Mcxico is upwnrds of four hun dred miles; oflhe coasi of UpperCalifornia, on ihe Pacifu;, ofnine hundred and sevcnty miles; and of Oregon, including ihe Straits of Fuca, of six hundred and fifly railes mak inglhc wholecxtent of seacoast on tlic Pa cific, one thousand six hundred and twenly miles, and the whole cxlent on both the Pa cific nnd ihe Gulf of Mexico, two thousand and twenly miles. The length of the coast on the Atlantic from the norihern limiis of Ihe Uniled Sialcr, araundihe Capes of Flor- ida lo ihe Sabine, on the easicrn houndary of Tcxas, is estimated lo bo three thousand one hundred uiilcs; so thnt the nddilion of seacoast, including Oregon, is very nearly two-thirds as great ns all we posscssed be fore: and excluding Oregon, is an addilion ol one thousand three hundred and scvcnly miles; bcing nearly equal to one halfihe cxlent of coast which we posscrscd before these acquisiiions. Wc havc now three creat maritime fronW on the Atlantic, Ihe Gulf of Mexico, and ibc Pacific making in the whole an cxlent of seacoast cxcccding five thousand miles. This is the extent of the seacoast of thc Uni ted Statcs. not including bays, sounds, and small irregulnrities of the main shore, nnd of 1 ibesea islands. Jf iheee be mcluded, the length oflhe shore line of coasl, as estimated by the superintendent nf the cofst survey, in his rcporl, would be thirty-thrcc thousand and sixiy-three miles. Jtwould hc diliicult lo calculatc the value f these immensc additions to our terriiorial possessiont. Tcxas, Iving conlinuous lo ihe ivcslern boundary of Louisiana, cmbracing -.1.:.. I: r i 1 wiiiiui ii iHiuiKn iJun ui iiiu iiutiuuui iriu- utary watersof the Mississippi, and an ex tensive seacoast, could not lon" have re- mained inthe hands ofa forcign powcnvilh out cndanerincr thc peace of our souihwesN ernfroiilicr; Her producls in the vicinily of ihe Iributaries ol ihe Alississippt must have soughta markot through our lerrilory; and inc cangcr ol irritanon and collision ot inter csts bctwcen Texau as a fbreisn Siate nnd ourselvcs would havc been immincnt, while j llie cmbarrassmcnts in the commcrcinl intcr- course bctween thcm must havc bccn con stant atid unavoidablc. Had Texas fallen into ihe hands. nr un der the infiuence and control of a strong mariiiroe or military foreign powcr, as she might have done, these dangcrs would have becnstill greater. They have heen avoidcd by hcr voluntnry and peaceful annexation to inc uniled blatcs. Texas, lrom hcr posi tion. wasa naturaland almost indispcnsable part of our terrilorics. Fortunately, she has bccn rcstorcd loour country, nnd "now con siiiutesoncof the Sta'csofour confederacy. 'upon an equal fooiinrr wiih Ihe oricinal fclaip." ihcsalubnlyol chmate, the fertih ty of soil, peculiarly adnpicd to ihe produc (ion of some of our most valuable staple com modilics, and hcr commercml adva'nianes. must soon make hcr one of our most popu hius Slales. New Mexico, thouch pilualcd in ihe in'e- rior, and wilhnul a sca coast, is known lo con tain muchfcrlile land,io abound in rich mincs of ihe procious melals, nnd to be capable of Eiietaining a large population. From its po siiiou, it is the inlermediaie and connerting territory bctwcen our settlcments and our posscssions in Texas, and those on Ihe Pa cific coast. Upper Cnlifornia, irrespcctive of iho vast mineral wealth recently developed there, holds at ihis day, in point of value and im poitancc to therest ol the Union,lhe same relalion that 'Luuisiana did, when ihai fine lerrilory was acqnired from France foriyfive years ago. Extending nearly tnn degrees or latilude along the Pacific, and embracing Ihe only safe and commodious harbors on tbai coast for many hundred milcx, wiih a temperalcclimateand an exlensivc interior of fertile landi, it is scarcely possible to cs timaie its wealth uoiil it shall bc broughl under ihc government of our Iaws, and iis iceuiKtes iuiiv iieveiopcd. 1'rom its nosi- iion,itinustcommand ihe rich commerce of onina, Asia, orihe islands of the Pacific. of Westerr. Mexico, or Central Amerira, the South American States, and ol the Russinn possessionB. bordering on lhal ocean. A great e.mporium will doubiless speedilv a noi; uu uib viiuiornian coasi, wnicn mav c ucuiiucu io rivai, m imporiance, (New Urleans iiself. The depol of the vast commerce which must exist on the Pacific, will probably be at some poinlon Ihebav ofSan Franeisco. snd will occupy the same relalion to the whole weslern coast of that ocean, as New Orleans does lothe valley ofthe Mississippi and ihe Gulf ol Mexico. To this denot rous wKale ship will resort wiih iheir car- goes, io trade, reht, and obtain supplies. This of ilsell will largely coniribule to build up a city, which would .soonbecome the r.pn. tre ef a great and rapidly increasing com merce. Siluaied on asafeharbor. snfHcient. ly capacious for all thenavies as well asthe marineol :he world, and convenient loex cellentn'mber for ehip building. owned by the Uniled Staies, ittaust become our great weslern navnl depol. It was known that minesof thc prec'ousmct als existed to a considerable extcnt in Califor nia at the timc of its acquisition. Reeenf dis- Luiencs renuei n probable tbat these mincs arc more extensive and valuable than was an ticipated. The accounts of thc a"bundancc of goW in that quarter arc of such an extraordinary- character as would scarcely tommandbe licf wcro thev notcorroborated by the authon tic rcports of ofEcers in thc public servicc.who have visitcd the mineral district, and derivcd the facts whichl thcy detail from pcrsonal orp terretions. Rcluctant t6 credit the rcports" in j gencral circulation as to the quantity of gold, the olhcer commanding our lorccs m uainor nia, x-isitedthe mineral district in Julr last, for the purposc of obtaimng accurato informa tion on the subiect. His report to the War Department of the rcsult or his examination, and the tacts obtain cd on thc spot. is herewith laid beforo Con cress. When he visited the countryi there wcre about four thousand pcrsons engaeed in collccting gold. There is every rcasou to be- heve that the numbcr of persons so cmployed, has sincc becn ausmcntcd. Thc cxplorations already made, warrant thc bcliet that the sup ply is very large, and tbat gold is found at va rious pjaccs in an extensive district of coun try. Icformation rcccivcd from ollicers ofthe na vy and othcr sourccs. thouch not eo full and minutc, confirm the accounts ofthe command cr of our military force in California. It ap pears, also. from these reports, that minea of Quicksilver are found in the vicinity of the gold region. One of thom is now bcing work cd, and is believed to bo. among the most pro ductivc in thc worliU The efTecU nroduccd by thc discorcry of these rich mineral dcpositcs, and the succcss which has attcndcd the labors qf thosc who have rcsortcd to them, have produced a sur prising change in the state f afTairs in Califor nia. Labor commands a most exorbitant pricc I and all othcr pursuits but (hat ot searching lor tho prccious mctals are aoanuoneu. ixcariv the whole ofthe malc population of thecoun' trr. havc rrone to tho cold district Ships ar- rivingon the coast arcucscrtcd by their crews, and their voyages suspended lor want ol sait ors. Our commandiii" officer there entcrtains anorchensions that soldiers cannot be Kcpt in the public scrvice without a large increasc of pay. Dcsertions in his commandhavc become Irequcnt, and he rccommends that thosc woo shatl withstand thc strong temptation, and rc- mam faithful shall be rcwarded. This abundance of cold, aud the all-cncross- ine pursuit of It, havc already causcd ifl Cali fornia an unprcccdcqted rise in the pricc of thc neccssanes di inc. That wc may thc more specdily and fully a rail ourselvcs of the undcTcloped wealth of these mincs, it is deemcU'or vast lmportance that aranch ofthe mint ofthe Unitcd States bc authorizcd to be cstablished, at your prcs ent session, in California. Among other sig nal advantages which would rcsult from such nn establishmcnt, would be that of raisingjhe cold to its par value m tbat tomiory. A branch mint oflhe Unitcd Statcs at thc great commercial dcpot on the west coast, would convert into our own coin not only the gold de rivcd from our own rich mincs, but also the bullion and spccie which our commerce may bring from thc whole west coast of Central and South Amcrica' Tho west coast of A merica and the adjaccnt interior cmb:acc the richest and best mines in Mexico, New Grcna da, Central Amcrica, Chili and Peru. Tbc bullion and specte drawn from these countries, and cspecially from thosc of Wcst crn Mcxico and Peru, to an amount in value of many millions of dollars, are now annually diverted and carried by thc ships of Great Britain to hcr own ports, to bc rccoincd or us ed to sustain her National Bank, and thus con tributc to increasc hcr abilitv to command so much of the comnurcc of the world. If a branch mint be esfablished at thc great com mercial point upon that coast, a vast amount of bullion and spccic would flow thithcr to bc rccoincd, and pass thcnco to New Orleans, New York and other Atlantic citics. The a mount of our constitutional currency at homc would-bc greatly incrcascd, while its circula tion abroad would bc promotcd. It is well known to our mcrchanls trading to China and the west coast of America, that great incon vcnience and loss are cxpericnced, from thc faet that our coins are not currcnt at thcir par value in those countries. Thc powers of .Europe, far rcmovcd from the west coast of Amcrica bv the Atlantic o ccan which intcrvcncs, and by a fcdious ahd dangcrous naviction around thc southcrn cape of tbc contincnt of Atpcrica, can ncver uc- ccssuilly compctc with thc Unitcd States in thc rich and extensive commerce which is op encd io us ai so much lcss cost by the acquisi tion of California. The vast importance and commercial ad vantages of California have herctofore rcmain cd undevclopcd by the Govcrnment of the country of which it constitutcd a part. Now that this fino provinceis apart of our country, all thc statcs of thc Union, some morc immc diatcly and dircctly than othcrs, are decply in tcrcstcdln the ipecdy dcvclopment of its wealth and resources. No scction of our country is morc intcrcstcd, or will bc more bcncfittcd, ihan the commercial, nangating, and manu facturing intcrcsts of tho Eastern States. Our planting and farming-intercst in every part of thc Umon will be greatly benefittcd by it. As our commcrcc and navigation arc cnlargcd and extended, our exports of agricultural pro ducts and of roanufacturcs will be incrcascd and in the newmarkets thus opcncd, they can not fail tc command rcmuncrating and profita ble priccs. Jt is our solcmn duty to proTidc, with thc lcast practicablc dclay, for New Mcxico and wiuwum, itrg;uiuiij urjamzuu icrruunai gov ernmcnts. llie causes of the failure to do this at the Iast scssjon of Congress arc well known, and dceply to be regrcttcd. With the opcning prospccts of increased prospcrity and uaiiuuai greamcss wnicn tno acquisition oi I i l t l r tncsc ncn ana extensive tcrritonal posscssions afibrds, how irrational it would be to forcco or to reject thcsc advantages, b- the azitation of a uomcsuc qaesuon wnicn is cocvai wiin inc existcncc of -our govcrnment itself, and to en dangcr by internal strifes, gcographical divi sions, and hcatcd contcsts for political power, .1 i i i i or fbrany othcr cause, thc harmony of theglo rious Union of our confcdcrated states that Union which bmds us tocetbcr as one pcople, and which for sixty years has bccn our shield and protection arrainst every dancer. In the cyes of tlie world and of postcrity, how trivial and insignificant will bc all our in ternal uivisions and struggles comparcu with thc prcscrvation of this Union ofthe Statcs in all its vigor and with all itscountlcssblcssincs! -VT -.Jl f J, xxo painoi wouiu lomeni anu cxcne geograpn- rcai anu cciionai uivisiuns. i.u luver oi nis country would dtliberately calculatc the value ofthe Union, Future generaiions wobldlook in amazement upon the folly of such a coune. Other nations at the present day. would look upon it with astonishmcnt and such of thcm as desirc to maintain and pcrpctnate throncs and monarrhical or aristocratical principlcs. will x-iew it with exultation and delight be causo in it they will soe the elements of fac tion, which thcy hope must ultimately ovcr turn our systcm. Ours-is the great example bf a prospcrous and frce self-govcrncd rcpub lic, commandin; thc admiration and the imila tion of all the lovers of frecdom throughout the world. How solemn therefore. the duty, low m- pressive the call upon ns, and upon all partsof our country, to culnvatc a patriotic spint or harmony, of cood fellowship, of compromise and mutnal concession, in thc administration of the iricomparable systcm of governmenl formed by our fathers in the midst of almost insnperable difHcuItics, and transmitted to us, with thc iniunction that we shonld cniov its I'blessings and hand it down unimpaired to those who may come alter us I In view of the high and responsible dnties xvhich wc owe to ourselves and tomankind, I trust you may be ablp, at your prcsentaession, to approach tho adjustment of the only domcs tic question which serionsly threatens,trprob ably ever can threatcn, to.disturb the harmo ny and, succcssful operation of our system. The immcnselv valuable posscssions of New Mcxico and California, aro alreidy inhabitcd I bv a considerable rioDulation. Attracted by their great fertility, thcir mineral wealth, thcir commercial advantaces and thesalubrity ofthe climato, emigrants 'rom thc older Statcs, in crcat numbcrs. are already meparing to scek great numbcrs, are already prepann np.w linniM m thfe inritinpr reclODS. Shall thedissimilarity ofthe domcstic insti tutions in the diflerent States prevent us from nmvidinc for thcm sui;able covernments These institutions existed at the adoption of thc constitution. but Ihe obstaclcs which they interposed wcro ovcrcome by that spirit of compromiso wmcn is now mvoKeu. in a con fiict of oninions or of interests, real or imagin- ary bctween diflerent sections of our country, ncither can iustly dcmand all which it micht dnsiro fn nlitain. Each. in the true snirlt of our institutions, should concede something to the othcr. Our callant forccs in the Mcxican war, by whose patriotism and unparallelcd dceds of arms we obtamcd tbesc possejsions as an in demnity for our iust lemands tigainst Mexico, j''-- -r.- iT 1.-1 .1 i were composcu oi cinzcns nuu utuii;vi iu no one itut or section cf our Union. They were men from slaveholding and non-slaveholdmg Statcs, from the North and tlc South, from the East and tho West. They wcre all com- panions in arms and fellow citi::ens of the same common country, cngaged in the same com- mon cause. When prosecuting tbat war, tney were brethren and fncnds, and shared alike w:th cach other, common toils, aanccrs anu sufTcrings. Now, when their work is cnded, when peace- is restored, and thcy rcturn again to their homcs, put olTthe habiliments of war, take their places in society, and resumc their pursuits in civil lifc, surely a spirit of harmo ny and concession, and of equal rcgard for thc rights of all and of nll sections ot tbe Union, ought to prevail in providing govcrnmcnts for the acquired territories the fruits of their common scrvice. The whole peoplc of the Unitcd States and of every State contributed to defray thc cx penses of that war and it would not be just for any one scction to excludc anothcr from all participation in the acquired territory. This would not bc in consonance with thc just systcm of govcrnment which the framcis of the constitution adoptcd. The qucstion is bclicve'l to bo rathcr ab stract than practical, whcthcr slavery ever can or would exist in.nny portion of the acquired territory, evcn il it wcro left fo the option of the slaveholding States thcmselvcs. From the naturc ofthe cumatc and produetions, in much thc largcr portion of it, it is certain it could ncTcr exist and in thc remainder, the proba- bilities nre it would not. But however this may be, the question, involvinsr, as it docs, a principle of equality of rights of the scparatc and scvoral Statcs, as equal co-partncrs m the confederacy, should not be disrcgardcd. In organizing govcrnmonts over these Ter ritories, no duty imposcd on Concress by the constitution, rcquircs that thcy should legislate on tbe subject of slavery, while thcir power to do so is not only scriously questioned, but dc it nicu vy many oi inc sounucsi cxpounucrs ot tbat lnstrumcnt, "Whcthcr Consrcss shall Icc- islatc or not, the pcople ol thc acquired Tern- lujitja, ivucu asscmuicu in cunvcmion io lomi Slatc constitutions, will posscss the solc and cxelusivc power to dctermine for thcmselvcs whcther slaverj- shall or shall not exist within their Iimits. Jf Oonnrcss shall abstam from intcrfering with the question, thc pcople of these Territories will be lcft frec to adiust it as they may think proper when they apply for admission as States into thc Union. No cnactmcnt of Concress could restrain thc pcople of any ofthe sovercign Statcs of the Union old or now, north or south', slave holding or non-sIaTcholding,-from dctcrmining thc charactcr of thcir own domcstic institutioi.s as they may'dccra wisc and proper. Any and all tbe btatcs posscss this nght, and Lonsress cannot deprivc them of it. The peoplo of beorcia might, if they chose, so altcr their constilution as to aBolish slavery within its Iim its and the pcople of Vermont might so alter their constitution as to admit slavery within its limiis. Both Statcs would possess the richt though, as nll know, it is not probable that ci thcr would cxert it. It is fortunatc for thc pcacc and harmony 6f thc Union, that this question is in its naturc temporary, and can only continue for the bricf pcriod which will intcrvene before California and New Mcxico may be admittcd as Statcs into tbc Union. rom the tidc of population now flowing into thcm, it is highly probable that this will soon occur. Considcring thc several states and the citi- zcns of the several states as equals, and cnti tlcd to equal rights under thc constitution, if this wprc an original qucstion, it might well bo insisted on that the principle of non-intcr-ference is thc true doctrine, and that congress could not, in the absence of any cxpressgrant of power, intcrfcre with thcir relativc nghts. Upoc a great emcrgcncy, however, and under menacing dangcrs to tho Union, the Missouri compromiso lino in rcspcct to slaverj- was a dopted. Thc same line was extended furlhcr west in tho acquisition of lcxas. Aftcr an acquiescence or nearly thirty years in the prin ciple of compromise rccogmsed and establish cd by these acts, and to avoid tho dangcr to the Union which might follow if it were now disregarded, I havc heretofore exprcsscd thc opinion that tnat nne ot compromise should bc extended on the parallel of thirty-siy.desrces thirty minutcs from the wcstern boundary of Tcxas, where it the middlc ground of compromise, upon which thc diflerent sections of tho Union may mcct, as they have herctofore met. If this bo donc it is conbdently believed a large majority of mc pcopie ot every scction ot the country, however widely thcir abstract opinions on thc subject of slavery may difTer, would cheerful ly and patriotically acouicsce in it, and peace and harmony would again fill our borders. The restriction north of thc line was only yielded to in the casc of Missouri and Texas upon a principle of compromise, made neces-. sary for the sake of presorving the harmony, and possibly the existcnce ofthe Union. Jt was upon tbcse considerations that at the closc of your last session, I eavo mv sanction to the' principle of thq Missouri compromise line, by approving and signing the bill to es tablish u the Terntorial Governmcnt of Ore gon. From a sincere desire to nrcservo tho harmony of the Union, and in dcfercnce for the acts of my predecessors. I felt constraincd to yicld ray acquiescence fo the extcnt to wnicn iney naa gonc in compromismg thisdel icate and dangerous question. But if Con gress shall now reverse the decision by which the Missouri compromise was effected, and shall nroposc to extend thn r:tr;i uin rtrAx the whole 'te.rritorj, south as well as north of tne parallel ot thirtj--six degrees thirty min utes, it will ccase to be a compromise. and mustbc regardedas an original question! If Congress, mstcad of observing the course of non-intcrfcrcnce, leaving tho adoption of ....i nnu uuuiauc msuruuons io mc pcople who may inhabit these tcrritories;orif,instead of extending the Missouri compromise line to tle Pacific, shall prefer to submit the Icgal and constitutional questions whicli may arisc to the decision of tho judiciil tribunals, as was proposcdin a bill which passed the. Senafe at your last session, an adjustment mav be effect ed in this mode. Jf ihe whole subject be re- TTj i T. partsof tho Union j.iuu.u cucenuiir acquiesce in the final deci sion'of the tribunal crcatcd hv thn riUt;nn for the settlemot of all questions which may anse underthe consritution, trcaties and Iaws ui iob unueu oiates. Concress is carncstly invokcd, for the sake of the Union, its harmony, and our continual prospcrity as a nation, to adjust at its present session this, the only dangerous question which hes our palh-tf not-in some one of tie modes suggcsted, in some other which may be satisfactory. -r i .t 1.117.1 r l u lar govcrnmen.s oyer the acqtnrcd tcrrito. I ncs, a joint commissionof ofliccrs ofthe arn.y in aniicipauon oi ouuusiraicni m rcji- and navy, has been oraerea to procceu to tlie 1 I 1 UIIU w j. ,'t- T f i T. coastoi Vyaniornia auu vyicguii, iui jjur- pose of making reconnoisances and a report as r i r .riA:i;.. to the proper siles for tEe ercetion of fortifica- tions or other defensive works ou land, and of -.11 r .I.llnn. Thn in- formation which may.be expected from a sci- pTntific and skilful examination of the whole face of the coast will be eminently useful to Congress, when they come to consider ibc pro priety of making appropriations for these great national objects. Proper dcfences on land will bo necessary for the sccurity and protection of our posscs sions and the eslablishment of navy-yards and a dock for the repair and constrdction of vessels, will be important alike to our navy and commercial marine. "Without such cs- tablishments, every vessel, whcther of the na vy or of the mcrchant scrvice, requiring re pair, must, at great expensc, come round Cape llom to one of our Atlantic yards for that purposc. With such establishments, vessels, it is believed. may be built or repaircd as cheaply in California as upon- thc Atlantic coast. J hey would cive empioj-ment to ma ny of our cntcrprisine ship builders and mc- cbanics, and greatly lacilitate and enlarge our commerce m tbe 1 acibc. As it is ascertaincd that mines of cold, sil- vcr, coppcr and quicksilver exist in New Mex ico and California, and that nearly all the lands where they are found belong to the U nited States, it is deemed important to thc pub lic interests that provision be made for a geo Iogical and mineralogical examination of these rccions. Mcasures should be adoptcd to pre- icrve thc mineral lands, cspecially such as con- iain tbc precious mctals, lor the use ot tbe U nited States or if brought into market, to scp arate thcm from the farming lands, and dispose of them in such manncr as to sccure a large return of money to the trcasury, and at.the same timc lead to the development of thcir wealth by mdividual prcpnctors and purchas ers. To do this, it will be necessary to pro vidc for an immcdiate survey and location of thc lots. If Congress should decm it propcr to dispose of the mineral lands, they should be sold m small quantities, and at a fixed mini mum pricc. I recommcnd that survcyor-gcncrals' oflices be authorizcd to be cstabhslieuin Ni cw Mcxi- -co and California; and provision made forsur- veying anu bnngmg the public lanus mio uiarKciai uio earnest pracucauic pcnuu. jii disposing of these lands. I recommcnd that thc right of prc-emption be sccurcd, und liberal grants made to thc early emigrants who have teltlcd or lnay scttlc upon thcm. It will be important to extend our rcvenue Iaws over these Territories, and espccially over California, at an early period. J'here is al ready a considerable commerce wiih Califor nia and until ports of cntry shall be cstablish- cd and collcctors appointcd, no rcvenue can be rcccivcd. If these and othcr necessary and propcr mcasnres be adopled for the dcvclopment of thc wealth and resources ol New Mcxico and California, nnd rcgular Terntorial govcrn mcnts bc establhheu over thcm, such will proli- ably bc the rapid enlarccmcnt of our com merce and navigation, and such the addition to the national wealth, that thn present gener ation may live tp witness thc controlling com mercial and monetary powcr of thc world transfcricd from London and othcr Europcan tmponums to thc city ot iew lork. The apprehcnsions which were entcrtaiHcd by some of our statcsmcn, in thc earlier pcri ods of the govcrnment, that our systcm was incapablc of operating with suflicient cnergy and succcss over largcly cxtcndcd tcrritonal limits, and that it this wcre attcmptcd, it would fall to pieccs by its own weakncss, have becn dissipatcd by our experiencc. By Ihc division of powcr bctwcen the Statcs and fcd eral govcrnments. the lattcr is found to opcr ate with as much cnergy in the extrcmcs ns in the centre. It is as cllicient in thc remotest of the thirty Staies, which now csmposc thc Union, as it was in thc thirtccn Slatcs which formed our constitution. Indecd, it may well bc doubtcd, whcther, if our present population had been confincd within thc limits of thc original thirtccn Statcs, the tendencics to ccntralization and consolida- tion would not havc been such as to havc en- croachcd upon the csscntial rcscrved rights of inc iiaic:, anu mus io nave mauc inc icucrni govcrnment a widely diflerent one, practical-lj-. from what it is in theorr, and was intend cd to be by its framers. So far from cntcr- taimng apprehcnsions of the satcty ot our sys tcm by the cxtcnsion of our territory, thc be Iief is confidently entertained that cach new State givcs strcngth and an additional gnaran ty for thc prcscrvation of the Union iiself. In pursuance of the provisions of the thirtccnth article of the treaty of peace friendship, limits, nnd settlemcnl, witl'.lhe republic of Mcxico, and of theact of Ju ly the twcnty-ninth, 1848, claims of our cttizens which had bcen already liqutda- ted and decided against the Mexican rc public" amounting, with the intcrcst there on, to two million twenty-three thousand eight hundred and thirty-two dollars and fifty-one cents, have been liquidated and paid. There remain to be paid of these claims, serenty-four thousand one hund red and ninetyitwo dollars and twenty-six cents. Congress at its last session having made no provisions for executing the fifteenth article of the treaty, by which the United States assumc lo make satisfaction for the "utiliquidaled claims" of our citizens a gainst Mexico, to "an amount not excecd ing three and a quarter millions of dol lars," the subject is again recommcnded to your favorable consideration. The exchange of ratifications of the treaty with Mexico took place on the thir tjeth of May, 1848. Within one year af that time, the commissioner and sorveyor which each government stipulatcs to ap point, are required to meet "at the port of San Diego, anJ proceed to run and mark the said boundary in iis whole course to the mouth ofthe Rio Brava del Norte." Tt will be seen from this position that the period within which a commissioner and surveyor of ihe respecttve govern m'ents are to meet at San Diego will ex pire on the thirtieth of May, 1849. Con gress, at the close of its last session made an appropriation for "the expense of run jiing and marking the boundary line" be tween the two countries, but did not fix the amount of salary which should bepaid to the commissioner and surveyor to be appointed on the part ofthe United States. It is dcsirable that the amount of com pensation which they shall rective should be prescribed by law, and not left, as at present, to Executive discretion. Measurcs were adopted at the earllest practicable period toorganizethe "Terrt lorial government of Oregon," as aulhor ised by the act of the fuurteenth of Aus gust Iast. The governor and Marshal of the i erritory, 'accompanied by a small military escort, left the frontier of Mis- souri in September last, anoS took the Southcrn route, bv the way of Santa Fe (and tlie river Gila, to California, with the intention of proceeding thcnce in cne rr I our ressels of war lo their destinat,! 'ri,n irnrnmnr r..u.. biraportance of his carlv arr.L fc rnJrV 'V?"? .a "1 m J ".V I hr m i v rfinrh I Irnrrnn il. 1 J'. Xr """"tuj belierec he mnv rB.Kh M.Bn... j 1 t i j s" -"i; luuer partof the present month, or early in ihp n. i m i n r 1-cit. The other-ofliccrs for the Territ0l h. proceeded by sea e I r J In the month of May Iast. I cnmm. cated lnfortnation to Congress that an In" dian war had broken out in Oregon and recommcnded that atitliority be gUtn raise an adequate number of volunteers to proceed without delay to the assistaCC(. of our fellowcitizens in that Territorr The authority to raise such a force not having been granted by Congress n as their servicee could be dispenscd wjth in Mexico, orders were issued to tbe reit, iment of mounted riflemen to proceed to JefTerson Barracks, in Missiuri, andto prepare to march to Oregon as soon as the necessary provision could be made Shortly before it was rea ly to march it was arrested by the provision of the act passed by Congress on the Iast day ofthe last session, which directed that all the non-commissioned officers, musicians, and pnvates of that regiment, who had been in serrice in Mexico, should, upon their application, be cntitled to be discharged. The eflect of this provision was to dis band the rank and file of the regiment aud before their places could be "filled by recruits, the season had so far adranced that it was impracticable for it lo proceed until the opening of the next spring. Irf the month of October last, the ac companying commtinication was reccived from the governor of the temporary gov ernment of Oregon, givinginformation of the continuancc of the lndian disturhan ces, and of the destittttion nnd deftncc less condition of the inhabitants. Ordcn were immediatcly transmitted to thc com. manderof our squadron in the Pacific to dispatch to their assistancc a part of the naval forces on that station, to furn'ish them with arms and ammunition, and to continue to givc thpm such aid and prr tection as the navy could aflbrrf, until ihe army could rcach the couniry. It is thc policy of humanity, and one which has always been pursued by the lT nitcd Statcs, to culiivate the good will of the aboriginnl tribesof this contincnt, nnd to restrain them from making war, rnc! indnlging in cxcesses, by mild means, rather llian hy force. That this could have been done by the tribes in Oregon, had that Territory bcen brought under thc government of our lnws at an carlicr pcriod, and had suitable mcjsures bcen a dopted hy Congress, such as now exuts in our intercourse wiih the olher lndian tribes within our limits, cannot bo doubt ed. Indeed, the immcdiate and only cause of thc existing hostility of the Imlians of Oregon is represented to have bccn, thc Iong delay of the United Staies in making to them some trifling conipensntion, m such arliclcs nsthej wanted.fnr llie coun iry noworctipird by our emigrants, which thc Indinns claimcd, and nvcr which ihey formerly roamcd. This compensation had becn prmiiird tothcm hy the temporary gnveriinieni es tnblished in Oregon, but its fulfilment had becn poslponed from limc to time, f r nearly two years, whi.'st lfio.-e who made it lind bcen anxiously wniting fur Cnn gress lo cslahlish a terriiorial giivernnieiit over thc cnuiitry. The Indiaus becan e at length distruslful of their gnod faith, and sought rcdrcss hy plunder aud massa cre. which finally Ie"d to the procnt difli cultics. A few thousand dollars in suita ble presenls, as a compensation for ihe country which had been taken pos.vpssion of by our citizens, would have satfifd the Indians, and have prevented thc war. A small amount ropcrly distributcd, itti confidently believed, would soon icsloro quiet. In this Imiiaii war our fellow-citi-zens of Oregon have been compclled to take the field in their own defeuce, have performed valuable military servicc, and been siibjccted to cxpenscs which hare fallen hcavily tijion them. Justice dc mands that provision should bc made by Congress to compensate them fur thcir scrvices, and to rifr.nd to thcm the nec essary cxpenscs which they liave incurrcd. I rcpcat the recommcndatinn heretofore made to Congtess, that provision be made for a suitable number of lndian agcnts to residc among the tribes of Oregon, and that a small sum be appropriatcd to ena ble these agenls to culiivate friendly rela tions with them. If tlii3 be donc, ihe presence of a small military force will be all that is necessary to kecp thcm in chrck, and preserve peace. I rccommend that similar piorision bo made as regards the tribes inhabiting Northern Texas, New Mexico, California, and the extensive region lying between our scttlemcnts in Missouri, nnd these possessions, as the most efiective means oi preserving pcncc upon our borders, and within the recenlly acquired territorie?. The Secretary of the Treasury will present in his annual report a highly sat isfactory 'statemcnt of the condition of the finances. The imports for the fiscal year ending on tho thirtieth of June last were of the value of 154,977,876 dollars; of which the amount exported was 21,128,010 dol Iars, leaving 133,849,860 dollars in tho country for domcstic use. The value of the exports for the same period was 154,032,131 dollars, consisN ing of domestic productions amountins to 132,904,121 dollars, and 21,123.010 dollars of foreign articles. The receipts into the treasury for the same period, exclusire of loans, amount ed to thirty-five million four hundred and thirtysix thousand" seven hundred and fif ty dollars and fifty-nine cents of which there was derivcd from customs thirty-one million seven hundred and fiAy-scve:i thousand and seventy dollars and ninet six cents for sales of public lands, three millions three hundred and twenty-eigtt thousand six hundred and forty-two dol lara and Jifty-six cents; and from miseel laneous and incidental sources, three hundred and fifty-one thousand and tliirtj seven dollars and seven cents. II will be perceived that the reTenoe from customs for the Iast fiscal year ex cceded by seven hundred and fifty-seven thousand and seventy dollars and ninety six cents the estimate of the Secretary of the Treasury in his last annual report

Page 3

md that lhe aggrcgate receipts during lhe s?meDcriod frora customs, lands, anuinis' pllnneous sources, also cxceeded thc cs- i ij timatc by thD sum of fivc hundred aud thirty-six thousand scven liundred and fif ty dollars and fifty-nine, ccnls indicatin, however, a Very near approach in thccsti male to the actual rcsult. The exnenditurcs during the fiscal year endinf on tlic ihirtieth of June last, in cluding those for the war, and exclusive of paymcnts of principal and interest for the public deot, werc lorty-two miuion eight hundred and cleven thousand nine liundred and sevenly dollars aitd three ccnts. Il is estimated thal thereceipts into the treasury for the fiscal year ending on the thirtieth of June 1849, including the bal- lance in ihe treasury on the first ol Juiy last. wi!l amou.it to the sum ot tuty-seven million fortr-eizht thousand rmie hund rcd and sixty-ninc dollars and ninety cents r nf which llnrty-two milhons of dollcrs, it is estimated will lie derived from customs three millions of dollars from the sales of the public lands and onc million two hundred thousand dollars from miscellaneous and iucidcntal sour ces, including the premium upon theloan, anil the amount paid and to be paid into the treasury on account of military con- tributions in Mexico. and the sales of arms and vessels and other public proper- tv rendered unnecessary for the use of the Governmcnt by the termination of the war and twenty million six hundred and ninety-five thousand four hundred and thirty-fivc dollars and thirty cents from loans already ncgotiatcd, including treas ury notrs funded, which together with the balance in the treasury on the first of July last, mako the sum estimated. The cxpenditurcs tor the samc penod, inr.Iudinc the necessary payment on ac count of the prit.cinal and interest of the pulilic dcbt, aud the principal and intcr.-st of the first instalment due to Mexico on the thirtieth of May next, and other expcnditures growing out of the i war, to bc pam aunng me preseni year, will amount, including the rcimburscment of treasury nntes, to ihe sum of fifty-four million onc hundred a.id nincty-five thou sand two hundred and seventy-fivc dol lars aud six ccnts leaving an estimated halancc in the treasury on the first of Ju ly, 1S49, of two million eight hundred ;md fifty-thrcc thousand six hundred ar.d ninety-four dollars and cighty-four cents. The Sccretary of the Treasury wil present, as rcquired by law, the cstimatc of the recoipts and cxpenditiires for the !ict fiscal yrar. The expenditurrs as es- timntcd for that year are thirty-threc rrnl hon two hundred and thirtccn thousand mc hundred and fi(ty-two dollars and sev-fnM-thrcc ccnls, including three million scven hundrrd nnd niiinty-ninc thousand rnc hundred aud two dollars and eightcen ccnls for the interest on the public debt, aud three million fivc hundred and forty thousand dollars for the principal and in icrcst due to Alcxico on thc thirtieth ofi May, lSjt): Icavinirthe sum' of twenty- fiic niilliou eight hundred and sevcnty four Thousand and lifly dollars and thirty (ive ccnts: which, it is believed, will be ample for ihe crdinary peacc expendi turcs. I1C 'jfL I IIOIJ3 i'i mi; IUII11 dbl III IC'lt', hr.vc bcen such during the nnst year as fully to incet the public expcctatiou, and lo coiifirm the opinion herclofore exprcss ed of thc wisdom in thc change in our rfvenue system which was cffectcd by it. Thc recctpts under it into the t'easury for the fiscal jear aftcr its enactmcnt ex cceded by thc sum of fivc millions forty four thousand four hundred aud three dol lars nine ccnts, Ihe amount collectcd du- rinT the latt fiscal vear. under thtf tariff :ict of 1S42, ending Oic 30th of June H4G. Thc total revenuc reaiizcd from the commenccmcnl of its operations on thc first dav of Dccember, 184G, until the closc of the last quartcr, on thc the thir ticth of Scptember last, being twentj-two months, was filiy-six million six hundreii and fifty-four thousand five hundred and sixty-thrce dollars and scventy-nine ccnts being a much larger sum than was ever before rcceived Irom duties during any equal period under the tariff actsof 1624, 1828, 18512. and lH4i!. Whilst by the repeal of highly protec- tive and prohibitory duties the revenue has been mcrcased, tl e taxes on thc peo- ple have been diminished. They have bcen relicved from the hcavy amounts with which they were burdened under for iner laws in the form of increased prices or bounties naid to favored classes and nursi'its. The predictions which wcre madc, that the tariff act of 184G would rcducc the amount of revenue before that collectcd under the act ol 1S4U, and would pros-. trate the business and destroy the pros perity of the country, have not been veri- jietl. Witnan increased and incrcasing revenue, thc finances are in a highly flour- ishintr condition. Awriculture, com mcrce, and navigation are proiperous the prices of manufactured fabrics, and of products, are much less injuriously afTec ted than was to have bcen anticipated, from the unprecedented revulsions, which, during the last and the present year, have overwhelmed the industry and paralyzed the credit and commerce of co many greal and enlightened. nations of Europe. Scveral commercial revulsions abroad have always heretofore operated to de press, and often to affect disastrously, aN most every branch of Americon industry. The teraoorary deprcssion of a portion of our manufacturing Interest isthe effect of foreicn causes, ind is far less severc than has prevaile'd on all similar occasions. It i bcliwed that, looking to the great ag gregate of all our interests, the whole country was never more prosperous than at the present period, and never more.rap- :ji.. j i i..- .u.j uu, n ,t,g weaun ana popum iu.i. ieitner tne loreign war in which we have been involved, nor the loans which hive abserbed so large a poniou of our capital, nor the commercial tevulsion in Great Britain in 1847, nor the paralysis of cred it and commerce throughout Europe in 184S, have affecled injuriously to any con siderablc extent any of the great interests of the country or arrested our onwiird march to greatness, wealth, and power. Hadtho disturbances in Europe not oc.'clr provea auu rap curred, our commerce would undoubtedly J A nos important treafJ. vUh&e Menomonies nave been stil! jnore extended, and would has been recently negotiated by the Commission- ,iave. udded still more to the natiorial wcauh and public prosperity. But not i: i- withstaiiding these disturbances, the ope rations 01 tne rerenue svstem estabhshed b the tariff act of 184G have been so generally beneficial to the governmcnt and the business of the country, that no change in its provisions is demanded by a wise public pohcy, and none is recommended The operations of the constitutional treasury established by the actoi the sixth of Augusi, 1840, in the reccipt, custody, and aisburscment ot the public money, Jiave continucd to be successfiil. Under this system the public finances have been carricd through a foreign war, lnrolving the necessity of loans and ex' traordinary expcnditures, and renuiring distant translers aud disbursements, with out embarassmenl, and no loss has occur red of any of the public money deposited under its provisions. Whilst il has prov- cd to bcsafc and uselul to the governmcnt, its eflects have been most beneficial upon the business of the country. It has tend ed powerfully to secure an exemption from that inflation and fluctuation of the paper currency, so injurious to domestic industry, and renderinp so uncertain the rewards of labor, and it is believed has largely contributed to preserve the whole country from a serious commercial revul- sion, sucli as oiien occurred under the bank deposit system. In the year 184 there was a revulsion in the business of Grcat Britain of gieat extcnt and intensity, which was followed by failures m that kingdotn unpreceden- ted m numbcr and amount of losses. 1 his is believed to be the first instance whcn such disastrousbankruptcies, occur- nng in a country with which we have such exlensive commerce, produccd little or no iniunous effect upon our trade or currency. We rcmaincd but little afTec ted in our money market, and our busi- 1 l, ncss ana inuusiry werc stiu prospcrous and progressive. During the present year, nea-ly the whole contincnt of Europe has been con- vulscd by civil war and rcvolutions, attend- cd by numerous bankruptcies, by an un prcccdentcd fall in their public securities, and an almost univcrsal paralysis oC com merce and industry and yct, although our trade and the prices of our products inust have been soincwhat unfavorably af fectcd by these causes, we have escapcd a revulsion, our money market is compara tivcly casy, and public and private credit have advanccd and improved. Occurrin: as this would have donc, at a pe riod whcn the country was engaged in a for eign war; whcn considcrable loans of specic i ..j whcn thc banks, the fiscal ngcntof ihcgovcrn I mcnt, and the depositories of fts money, werc suspcndod, the public crcdit must have sunk, ancl many millions of dollars, as was the casc diirinjrthc war of 1812, must have bcen sac rifieed in discounts upon loans, and upon thc dcprcciatcd papcr currency which thc govcrn ment would have been compcllcd to-usc. Under these operations of the constitutional trcasur, not a uollar has been lost jy tlie dc- prCciation of the currency. The loans rcquir- cd to prosccutc thc war with Mcxico werc ne jotiatcd liy thc Sccretary of thc Treasury a 1'ovc par, rcalizing a largo premium to ihe governmcnt. Thc restraining effcct of the system upon thc tcndencies to cxccssive papcr irsucil by hanks has savcd the governmcnt from hcavy losses, and thousands of our busi ness mcn froin bankruptcy and ruin. The wisdom of thc sj-stcm has been tcstcd, by the cxpericnec of the last two ycars, and it is thc dictate of sound policy that it should rcmain undisturhed. Tlie modificalions in somc of i thc dctails of this measurc, involving none of its csscntial pnnciples, heretofore recommend ed, are again prcscnted for your favorable consideralion. In my mcssacc of thc tixth of July last, tran-mitiing to Congress the ratifif.d trcaty of pcace with .Mexico, I recommended the adop- tion of mcasures for the spccdv payment of tlie pulilic dcbt. in rcilcrating that recom mcndation, I rcfcr you to the considerations prcscnted in that mcssage in its support. The public dcbt, includinjr that authonzcd to be nocatiatcd, in pursuancc of oxistin!; laws, and including treasury notcs, amountcd at that tirae to sixty-five million scvcn hundred and sCTcnty-ci"ht tnousand four hundred and nfty dollars and Iprtv-onc cents. Funded stock of thc Unitcd States, amount- ing to about a half a million of dollars, has been purchascd, as authonzcd by law, since tbat penod, and thc public dcbt has bcen rc duccd the dctails of which will be prcscnted in the annual report of the Sccretary of the l reasury. For thc reason assicmcd in my last annual mcs sagc, I rcpeat thc recommendation that a branch of the mint of the Umteil Statcs be established at the city of New York. Thc importance of this measure is grcatly increased by the ncquisi- tion ol the rich mincs ot tne prccions mctals in New Mcxco and California, and cspccially in the lattcr. I repcat thc recommendation heretofore made, infovor of thc graduation and reduction of thc pnce of such public lands as have been long of fcrcd in the market, and have remained tinsold, and in favor of extending the rights of pre-emp-tion to thc nctual cetders on the unrcserved as wcll as thc surTCvcd lands. Thc condition and opcration of the armv, and the state of other branches of the public serviec under the supcrvision of the TiVar Dcpartmcnt, are satisfactorily prtsentcd in the accompanjing report ot tne sccretary ot war. -On thc return of peacc, our forccs wcre with drawn from Slcxico, the voluntecrs and that por tion of the rcgulcr army cngagcd for the war wcre disbanded. Orders have bcen issucd for stationing the forccs of our pcnnancnt establish mcnt at various positions in our extendcd coun try, whcre troops may bc requirca. Uwing to the remotencss of some of these, positions, the de tachmen's have not vet reached their dcstipation. Notwithstanding the cxtcnsion of thc liniits of otir country and the forces rcouired in the ncwJ icrruuncs, n is connacniiy oeiiCTca uiai our pn cnt military cstablishment is suffieicntforaU exi gencies, so long as our peaccfal relations rcmain undisturbed. Of the amount of militarr contributions col- Iected in ilexico, the snm of sevcn hundred and sixty-ninc thousand six hundred and fiftv dollars was applied towards the payment of thc first in stalment due under the treatv with Mexico. The further sum of three hundred and forty six thon- sana three hundred and sixty-nine dollars and thirty ccnts has bcen paid into the treasuiy, and the uncxpendcd balanccs still remain m the hands of the disbursing officcrs and those who were cngagcd in the collection of these moneys. After the proclamation of peacc, no further lis burscmcnts were made of any nncxpended mon eys arising from this source. The balances on h-and d;rected to id ;nt0 the trcasv and indiridual claims on thc fund will remain unadjustcd until Congress shall authorize their sctllemcnt and payment. These claims are not considerablc in numberor amount 1 recommend to your favorable eortsideration the sugget tions of the Sccreranr of War and thc Secretary of the Ifavy in regard to lcgislation on this sabjcct Our Indian relations are prcscnted in a most favorable vicw in the report from the 'War de partment. The wisdom of onr policy in regard to the tnbes within our Jimits is clearly raanilcs cr of Indion Aflairs in pcrsorf, by which all their Iaml in thc statc of Wisconsin bein about four millions.ot acrcs uas icn ccded to thc Unitcd Statcs. This trcaty.will be snbmitted tothc Scn ate for ratification at an carly pcriod of your Within tbe last four ycars. c!"ht imnnrtnnt treaties have bcen negociatcd tvith different Indi an tribcs, and at a cost of b'ne million ofoht Imn. drcd and forty-two thousand dollars, Indian lands uiuit, iuuu cigiui;ca mniionsuve hundred thousand acrcs. havo heon -pdf.fi n ir, Unitcd Statcs and provision has been mndn fnr sciuing in ine country west of tbe Mississippi, pubhc domain. Thc title to.all the Indian lands within the several States within our L'nion, with the cxception of a few small reservations. is now u,u iijuu iiiUUII uccuinca IlllSlarf'ft p.-xtpnt nl th ciuijguisacu, ana a vast rcgion open ror settle tnent and cultivation. Thc accomnanvincr reDort of Ihn Rom'tnrr nf w -'...T.r..-;.! t.!t.. J a Bjusiuuiury cxniuii oi ine ODcr- uouiis auu cunuiuon oi tnat uraucli ot the public A niunber of small rcssels suitublc for cntcr- inpr thc moulh of rivcrs wcre mdicionslvniirrh.n. cd duriDg tho war, and gave grcat cfficiency to the sqnadron in the Gulf of Jlexico. On the re turn of pcace, whcn no Ionger valuable for naval DUrOOSCS. and liable tn rlprprinrflttnn fl -.ra sold, and the money placed in the treasury. The numbcr of mcn in thc naval senicc au thorizedby law during the war, has bcen reduced by by discharees bclow the maximum fivp! ffir the pcace cstablishment. Ailequate squadrons aro uiuinuiincain mcseverai quartersof thcglobe iTucrc cipencnco nas snown their services may be most uscfully cmploycd and tlie naval ser viec was never in a condition of highcr disciplinc or crcatcr efficiencv. I invite attcntion to thc recommendation of tnc sccretary ot the Iavy on thc subject of the mannc corps. Ihe reduction of the corn nt tnr- ciu ui iuu war (cfjuinru inat lour omcers of eacJi ot thc thrco lowcr gradcs should be dropped from the rolls. A board of officers made the snlectlnn: and tkose dcsignatcd wcre necessarily dismissed. uui wiinuui anj-aucgcu iauit. 1 concnr in opin ion with thc Sccretary, that the serricc wonld be improved by redacing the numbcr of landsmen, anu increasing manncs. aucli a'mcasurc would justify an incrcasc of the numbcr of officers to thc extent of the reduction by uismiss.il, and still thc corps would have fewcr officers than a corrcs ponding numbcr of mcn in tho army: The contracts for thc transporfation of the mail in steam ships, convcrtiblo into war steam crs, promise to realize all thc bencfits to our com merce and to the navy, which wcre anticipated. Thc first stcamerthussccured to thc governmcnt, was Iaunchcd in Januarr, 1847. There arc now scven and in anothcr year thcro will, probablv. benot less than scvcntccn afloat. Whilc this grcat natjomd advantage is securcd, our social commercial intcrcoursc is increased and promo tcd with Gcrmany, Grcat Britain, and other parts of Europe, with all thc counirics on the West Coastof our Contincnt, cspccially with Orcgon and California, and bettvccn the northcm and southcrn scctions of thc Unitcd States. Consid crable revenue may be cxpcctcd from postages but the ronnectcd linc from New York lo Cha- grcs.and thence across the isthmns to Orcgon, cannot fail to txcrt a beneficial inflxence.not now iu ue csuraaicu, on ine interost oi the manufactu rcrs, commcree, navigation and currency of tlie Unitcd Statcs. As an important part of the svi- tem, I recommend to your favorable consideration the cstablishment of thc nronosed Knr. nf efpftm. crs betwecn New Orleans and Vcra Cruz. It promiscs tho most happy results in ccmcnting fncndship betwecn thc tnn rp.nnMipc -infi;,, tending rcciprocal bencfits to thc trade and man ufactures of both. Thc renort of the Pnm.ii,.r Gcncral will makcknown to rnn r.nnn;.n. of that dcpartmcnt, for the past year. It is gratifung to find thc rcvenucs of thc de partmcnt, npdcr thc ratcs of postago now estab lished by law, so rapidly incrcasing. Thc gross amount of jiostige during thc last fiscal year, a mountcd to four million three hundred and scv-cnty-onc thousand and scvcnty-one dollars, cx cceding thc annual averagc rcceived for tho nine ycars lmmediatcly prcccding the passace of the act or thc third of Jlarch, 1846, bv the sum of six thousand four hundred and fiftv" three dollars and cxcccding the amount rcceived for thc 'car hnndrcd and twcntvfive thousand one hundred and eighty-fonr dollars. The cxpenditurcs for the vear, cxcluding thc sum of ninety-four thousand six hundred and seventy-two dollars. allownl hv ennm. !,d last session 10 individnal rlaim.nnK ,-ni. ding thc sum of one hundred thousa'nd five hun dred dollars. paid for the serrices of the line of sieamers oetwecn, lircmen and New York, a mounted to four millions onc hundred and ni'nc-ty-eight thousand eight hundred &.forty-five dol lars, which is less than the annual averagelor ine nine ycars previous to the act of 1846, by. thrcc hundred thousand sevcn hundred and forty eight dollars. The mail routes. on the thirteenlbrl.iv nfTiine last, were one hundred and sixly-three "thousand two hundred aud eight miles in extcnt being an increase during the last year of nine thousand three hundred and ninety miles. The mails were iransponeaoverlhem, during thesametime forty-one million twelve thousanH jnrl fi-p l,nn. dred and seventy-ninc miles, making an increase oi iransportation lorthe yearor two million one hundred and twenty.four thousand six hundred and eighty miles, whilst the expenfe was less than that of the previous vcar by four thousand two hundred and thirty dollars. The increase in the mail iransportation with in thc last three ycarshas been five million three nunareu ana seventy-cight thousand three hun dred and ten miles, whilst the cxpenses were re duced four hundred and fiity-six thousand scven hundred and thirty-eight dollars making an in crease of service at the rate of iifteen ner ccnL. and a reduction in the expenses of more than fif-. leen percent. During thc past year there have bcen employ ed, nndcr contracts with the Fostoflice Depart ment.'.two ocean sieamers in conveyingthe mails monthly, between Ntw York and Bremen, and one, since Octoberlast, performing semi-month- ly service between Charlestown and Havana; and a contract has been madcfor the transporta tion of the Pacific mails across the islbmus from Chagres to Panama. Under the authorily given to ihe Secretary of oie i.iavy,inr?e ocean sieamers nave beencon structed and sent to the Pacific, andarc expected to enter upon the mail service between Panama and Oiegon. and the intermediate Dorts. on irTe first of January next, and a fourth has been en- gageaDynim lorthe service between Havana and Chacres: so that a remilar monthlv mail line will bekept upafler that lirae between the United States and our territories on the Pacific. Kotwithstanding this great increase in the mail service, should the revenue coniinue to in crease the preseni year asit did in the last, there wiu uc icceivcnnear iournunareaand nity thon sand dollars more than the expenditures. These considerations have satisfied the Post. master General that, with certain modificalions of theactof lW5',the revenue maybe still fur- uicr iiicreaseQ, anu a renucuon oi postages made to a uniform rate of five cents. wiihont an inter- lerencewith the principle, which has been con stantly arid properly enforced, of making tbat eparimeni susiain lbell. A well-digested cheap postage system is the bestraeans of difiuslng intelligence among the people, and is of so much importance in a coun tryso extensive asthatof the United States, that I recommend to vonr favorable consideration the suggestion of the Postmaster General for its im- provemenL Nolhing can retard the onward progress of onr country, and prevent us ltom assuming and maintaininc: tbe fiist rank among nations, brt a disregardof theexperienceof the past, and n te currence to an unwise public policy. We have just closed a foreign warby an hooorable pcace, a war rendered necessary anu unavoidaoie m vindicau'on of the national rishls and honor. The present condition of the conntry is similar in some respects to that which existed immedi ately after the close of the war with Great Brit ain in 1815, and the occasion is ceemed to be a propcroneto takea retrospectot themeasures of public policy which followed ihat war. There was at that period of our histoty, a depanure from our earlier policy. The enlargement of ine powere oi tne lederal govemment Dy con stniction, which obtained, was not wararnted by anr iustintemretation nt "iVio cnniitntion. A few years after the close of that war, a serfes of n.easures was auopted, which, united aia com bined, constituted whal was terined by theiran thors and advocates the American system." The introduclion of the,new policy was for a time favored by the condition of the country by the heary debt which was conlracted during the war,by the depression of the public crcdit, by the deranged state of tbe finances and the currency and by the commercial and pecuniary embarrass- menis wnicn extcnsively prcvaued. These were uwi mcuuiy cciucawiiil-ii icu iu iis esiauiish' meut. Theeventsof thevarwitli Great rtrii. ain, and thc enibarassiitrifs-ivhich had atlendcd its prosccdtion, h'ad'lefl on 'tbe iriinds of many ui uui aiaiesmcn me impfessiuii inai our govern mcnt was not strong enough, and that to wicld us resources succcsslully in great emergencies, especiall v in war. more power should be concen. trated in his hands. This increased power they did not seek ta obtain bv the lesitimate and nre- sciibed mode an amendmentof the constitmion but bv constructton. Theysaw soernments in the old world based upon ditfercnt orders of aucieiy, iuu so cunsuiuicu iu iuiuiv me wnoie power of nations into Ihe hands of a fetv who taxed and comrolled the many without responsi- uuuy or rcsiraint. in inai arrangemcnt. ttiev tuucciveu ine sixeiiaiu ui uaouu iu war consisi ed. There was also. something las.cinatin" in the ease, luxury, and display of the higber orders, wno arew tn:ir weaun irom mciaDoroi the 1S- boringmillions. The authofs of tbcsystem drew had witnessed in Europe. and partLularlv in Great Britian. They had vicwed theenormous wealth concentrated in few hands, and had seen thesnlendorof theovercrown establishmcntsof an anstocracy which was upheld hy ihe restnct ive policy. They forgot to Iook down npon the poorer classes ol the t-ngusn popuiation, upon wnosedaily and yeailv laDor ine spiendid estab lishments they so much admired were sustained and supported. They failed to perceive that the scanty-fed andhalf-clad operalives were noton- ly in abject poverly, but were bonnd in chains of oppressive servituue tor tne oenent ot tavored classes, who were the exclusive objecb of the care of thegovernmenf. It was not possible to rc-constmct society in tbe Unitcd Statcs on'tbe European plan. Ilere there was a written Constitution by which or ders and titles are not recognized or toleratcd. A system of measures wai therelore devised,cal culated if not intcnded, to withdraw power grad ually irom the States, and the mass of the peo nle, and bv consfruction tA approximate ourgov- ernmcnt to the European raodels, substitutingan aristocracy of wealth for that of orders and titles. Witboutrenectingupon thcaissimuantyot our institutions, and of the condition ot our people, and those ol fc.urope, they conceived thevaini deas of building tip in theUniied States a sys tem similar lo that which they admired abroad. Great Britian had anational bank of lalge capi tal, in whose hands was, concentrated the con trollingmonctary and financial power of the na- tion; an mstitution wiclding almost kingly pow er aiid extending vast influence upon all the op erations of trade and upon the policy ot thegov ernment itself. Great Britain had an enonnotis fiublic debt, and it had become a part of her pub ic policy to regard this as a public blessing." Grcat Britain had also a restrictive policy which placed fetters and burdens on trade and irammel led the productive industry of ihe mass of the nation. Bv her combined system of pollcv, the landlordsand other property-holders were protcc ted and enriched by the euormous taxes which were levied u pon the labor of the country for their advantase. Imitatmg this foreign policy. tho first step iu cstablishing the new system in the Uni ted Statcs was the crention of a nationnl bank. Not foreseeingthe danzerons power and countless cvils which such nil institu- tion niicht cntnil on'the country, nor pcr- ceivinp the conncxion which it was dcsign ed to form between thc bank and the oth er branches of thc niiscalled "Ainerican system," but.feeling the cinbarrassments of thc treasurv nnd ot tlie business ot tuc country, conspqucnt upon tho war. some of our stntesmen who had held dificrcnt nnd souuder views werc indtucd to yield their scrup es, nnd. indecd, settlcd convictions ot its unconstitutionality and tn "ive it their sanction, as nn cxpcdient which they vaiuly lioped rcight producc relict. It was a most unfortunnte error, as the subscqucnt liisto ry nnd final catastropho of that daiigerous and corrtipt-institution have ahnndantly provcd. ThebankjWith 'ts numerous branch es rnmified Into the States, soon brought nianv of the active nolitical and commer cial men in different sectioiw of the coun try into the rclation of debtors to it, nnd dcpcndcnts upon it for pecuniary fnvors, thus diffusinj throughout the mass of soci ety a great nuniber of individuals of pow er nnd miliicnce to give tone to public o- pinon nnd to act in conccrt in cascsof c mergency. The corrupt power of such n po'itical cngine is no longer a matterof spcculation, having bcen displaycd in nu merous instnnces, nut most signaliy in tne nolitical strus'Ies of I84J'-3'-4, in opposi- tion to the public will represcntcd by a feaflcss and patriotic Presidetit. ISut the hanK wasjiut one iirnncu oi ine new system. Apub'ic debt ot moretnan one hundKed and twenty milhons of -dol lars existed and it is not to be disgiuscd that many of the nuthors of the new tys tem did not regard its speedy payment as essential to the pnhlic prosperity but loak ed upon its continunnce ns no national evil. Whilst the debt existed itfurnished alimcnt to the national bank, and rendered increns ed tnxation necessary to the amount of the interest, exceeding sevcn millions of dol laM annually. This operated in harmony with the next branch of the new sjstem, which was a high protective tariff. This was to tifford bounties to favored classes nnd particulnr pureuits nt tho nxpense of all others. A proposition to tnx thc whole people for the purposeol cnriching a few, wns too mon strous to be openly made. Thc scheme was, thcrefoie, veiled under the plau3:ble butdclusivc pretext of n measure to pro tect home industry and many of our people were, for a time, led to believe that a tax which in the main fell upon labor was for the benefit of thejaborer who paid it. This braneh of the system involved n part nership between the govemment and tbe favored classes ,the former receiving the procceds of the tnx imposed upon articles imported.and the latterthe increased pricc of similar artinles produced at home.caus ed by such a tax. Another bra'nch of tlfis system was a comprchensive'schetnrTol internnl improvc ments. capable of indefinite enlargement; and sufficient to swallow up as many mil lions annually as could b? exacted from the foreign commerce ol the country.- This was a convenient and necessary adjunct to tha protective tariff. It was to be the great nbsorlientof nnv surnlus which inicht at n ny timeaccumulate in the treasury and of the taxes levied upon tne peopic. nai lor necessary revenue purposes. but foi the a vowcd object of afTording pretection lo thg favored classes. Auxiliary to the samc end, if it was not nn essentinl part of the system itself, was the scheme which at a later period obtaineJ, for distribuiing the salesofibe public lands among the states. Other expcdients were devised tolake money out of the treasury prevent itcomingin from any other source than the protective tarifT. The authorsoV. snpporters of ihe system were the advo cates of the largestexpeniliturcs, whether fnr npifnrv nr nepfill nurboses or nnt.lf cause the larger the expenditures thegreat-' er was the pretext lor nign taxes in jbe fortn of protective duties. Thewhole system was rtsisied from its inception by many of ourableststates'men, some of whom iloubted its constitutionali tj' and its expediencyrivhiie others believ ed it was, in all its-branches, aflngrant and dangerous infraetion of the constitution. That a national bank, a protective tariff, levied not to raise the revenue needed, but for proiection mercly, internal improve ments and the dislributipn of the procceds' of the sale of the public hnds, are tncas ura without th warraht of tlro constiiu "ftion, wotrT3. upon tho-Triaturest considcra tion, seem to be clear. It is rpiuarkuble that no onc ot incse measures, involvin such tiioinentous conrequences, is auth'jr izcd by an exnress erant of iiower in th constituUon. No ouc of ihem is incident to, ns beins necessary nud proper for th exccution of. tlie spccific powers" granted liy the conatittition. lhe autliority undc which ithas Iieen nttcmpted to jiistitycac ol" thcm is derived' from inferenccs and constructions of the consiuution wlnrh its lettcr and its whole obiect and design d not wnrrant. Is it to be. conceived that such immense powers wouhl have been left by lhe frau.ersof the constitution to mere inferences nml doubtful constructions Had it been intemled to confcr ihem on thc federal covcrnment, itls but rcasonnlilc to eonclude that it would have been dnne bv plain nnd unenuivoca) crants. This wa notdone but the vt hole structnreof which the 'Americon system' ccnsisted. was rear- -cd on no other or bctter tounilation thnn forced imnlications nml inferencce of pow cr which its nuthors nssumed might be de- ducted by construction from the constitu tion. Tho constitution provides that "evcry bill which shall have passed the Ilouse of Kcpre sentntivcs and the Scnate shall, before it be come a law, be prcscnted to tho President of tbe Unitcd btates lt be approve, hc shall sign it, but if not hc shall return it with his objcctions to that house in which it shall have .1- onginaicu, wuo .snau enier m& oujccuons oi laree on their journal and procced to recon sider it." The prcscrvation of the constitution from infraetion, is the Prcsidcnt's highcst duty. He is bound to discharjie that duty, at whatever bazard ol mcurnng the dispteasurc ot thofc who mav difTer with him in opinion. Hc is bound to discharge it, as well by his obliga tions to the peoiile who have clothed him with his exaltcd trust as by his oath of oflicc,which he may not disregard. Nor are the obligations of the President in anydegTeelcsscned bythe prcvalence of views ditfercnt from his own in onc or both houscs of Congress. It is not a lonc hasty and inconsiderate lcgislation thathe rrnnirpil tn ebtrk t bnt if at flnv time Con- grcsshall after apparcntly full dcliberation. resolvc on measures which he dcems subver sive of the Constitution, or of the vital inter ests of the country, it is his solemn duty to stand in tho brcach and resist thcm. "The President is bound to approve or disapprovc evcry bill which passcs congress, nnd is pre scnted to him for his signature. Tlie consti tution makes this his duty, and he cannot es cape it if he would. Ile has no clection. In deciding upon any bill presented to him, he must exrcise his own bcst judgmcnt. if he cannot approve, the constitution commands him to return the bill to the houso in which it orizinatcd, with his obicctions and if he fail o do so within tendays (Sundaj-s excepted,) it shall become a law witnout uis signature. ltight or wrong.he may be over-rulcd by a vote of two-thirds of each Ilouse and in that cvcnt, the bill becomcs a law without his sanc tion. If his objcctions bc not thus over-rulcd, tluj sulyect is only postponcd, and is rcfcrrcd to the Statcs and the people for their consid eration and dccision. Tha President power is negative mercly, and not affirmativc. He can enact no law. Thc only efTcct therefore, of his withholdinj his approval of a bill pass ed by Congress, fs to sullcr the cxisting laws to remain unchanged, and the dclay occasion ed is only that requircd to cnable thc States and the people to considcr and act upon the subject in the election of public agcnts who will carry out their wishcs and instruc tions. Any attcmpt to coerce the President to yield his'rnnction to measures which he can not approve. would bc a violation of the spir it of tho constitution, palpablc and ilagrant; and if succcssful would break down tho indc pendcnce of the executivc dcpartment, and make tho President, clccted by the people, and clothed by the constitution with power to defcnd their rights, thc mcre instrmncnt of a majonty ot Longress. The iruc theory of our system is not governby the acisof decrces or nnyselof rcprefcnlalives. Thc constitution interposes checks dpon all brnnches ol Ihe govcrnmctit, in order to give time for error to be corrcct- ed, and dclusion to pasi away out u me people settle down into a firm conviction dif- lerent Irom tliatol itieirrepreseninuvcF, u:ey give eflcct to their opinions by chnniing their public servcnls. The chccks which the peo ple imposo on thc public servants iu the a doptionofthe constitution, are the besl evi denres of their capacily forsell-governmcnt. They know that the men whom they elect to public stations are oflikt infirmiticsand pas sions with themsclvee, and not lo be trtisled without being restrictcd by co-ordinate hu lliorilies and constitutional limitations. Who that has- witncescd the legislalion of Con gren for the lastlhirly ycars, willsny that he knows of no instance in which measures not demanded by the puhlic good, have 'jecn carried? Who will deny thal in the State govermnenta, by combinations ofindividuals and seclions, in deroRation of lhe general in terest, banks have been chartcred. systems ofinternal improvcmtnt adopted, and dcbts entailed upon tbe people, rcprcssing their growlh.nndimpairinglthcircnergies for years to come. After so much experimce, it cannot be said ihat absoluteuncheckcd power is safe in lhe hands of any one set or representalives, or that the capacily of lhe people for self-go-ernment, which is admitied in its broadrsl pxtcut.is a conclusive arnument loprove the nrudence. wisdom, and inlecrily of their represenintivcs. Thc jieople, by the conatilution, have commandcd the President. as much as they have commanded the Iegislative branch ol lhe government, toexccute their nill. They.. have said to him, in lhe conatilulion, which they require he shall tajte a solemn oath to support, that irCongres s pass any bill which he cannot approve, he shall return it to the House in which it originated, with hie objcc tions.' In wiihholdjng from il his approval and signature, heis exccuting the will of lhe people constitutionally expressed, as much as the Congress that paesed i:. No bill is presumed to be inaccordance with ihepopu iar will uniil it shall havo passed ihrough all lhe branches of lhe government required by tho constitution to make it a law. A bill which pass's the House of Keprcsenlauvcs may be rcjer.ted by lhe Senate, and so abill passed by the Senate, may be rejected by lhe House. In ench case tbe respeciivc ilouses. exereise the Teto power on lhe other. The doctrino of restnction upon Iegislative and cxecutive power, .while a wcll settlcd pub Kc opinion is enabled within rcasonable time ..nn,niui, Tt pndt has made our country what it is, and has opcncd to us a carcer of glory and bappmess to wnicn a oi"v have been strangers. it, PTPrpise of the power of thc veto, the President is rcsponslble not only to an en-liahti-ned public opinion, but to the people of the whole Umon, wno eiccieu hiuj, resentatives in lhe Iegislative brancbes, who differ with him in opinidn, arc rcsponsiblp to fhc people of particular States. or distncts, who composc, their 'respective constituencies. t thfi President the exereise of this power, "would be to repeal that provui6n of, the constitution which confcrs it npon him. To charge that its exereise tinduly controls the Iegislative will, is to co'mplaih of the cbnstitn tion itselt If tbe nresidential vcto be obiccted to npon the ifround that it chccks and thwarts thc-pub- Iic will, upon ine samc pnntii'ic uu.j of represcntation oF tho statcs tn thc Senate, sIiquM be strickcn out of the constitution. Tho vote of a Scnntor from Deiawarc has e qual weight in deciding upon lhe most impor tant measutcs with tho vote of a Scnator from ew J-orfe, and yct the one represents a stato vuuuuiiing, acconnn'; to the existiiig appor lionment ot reprcaeiitanvcs in the Ilouse of Kcpresentativcs, but one thirtv-foiirth nnrf of the popuiation of the other. By the constitu tional I'oraposition of the Scnate, a majority of inui uuut imui iuu Muaucr sintes rrnrpspnt less than one-tourtn..ot the pcouh; of thc TTn ion. There are thirty states and. undpr tfco cxisting apiortionmcnt of rcpresentatives. uierc arc iwo numircu anu tuirty niemticrs in the Ilouse of Kepresentativcs. Six'ccn ofthe smaller statcs arc reprcsentcd in that Hou.'e bvbut fiflv membcrs and vet tho spn.Minr from these statcs constitule a'raajority of the C? 1 1 1 11 B, ocnnic. oo tuat iuc i rcsiucnt uiay recoin mend a measure to Concress. and it'mav re ccive the sanction and approval of niOre" than thrcc-fourihs of the Ilouse of Keprescntativcs, and of idl the scnators from the la'rgo states, i-umanunx more tnan three-tourt is ot tbe whole popuiation of thc United States: nn.l yct the measure may bc defeated by thc votcs of the scnators from the smaller states. Lpontfie samc principle that thc vctoof the President should be practicallv abolished, tbe power ot the V ico President to civu ihe casting vote upon an equal ilivL-ion Of "thesen- ate should be abolishcd also. Ihe ice Pres- lent excreiscs the vcto poweras cffcctuallr l r in... v u) n--ji.xuiig ii oiu oy ms casiing voie, as tne i rcsiucnt uoes by reinsing to approve and sisn it. This power has been cxerciscd bv the Vice President in a few instances.the most im portant oi which was thc rejcclion of ihe bill tQ rc'charter the bank of the Unitcd States in 1811. It may happen that a bill mav bcnass- ed by n Jarge majority of the Ilouse of Itep rcscntntives, and may bo supported bv tlie stnators from the larger statcs, and tlie Vice 1 rcsident inay rcjcct it by giving his vote with the senators from tbe sinallcr stalcs nnd vet none it is presumed. aru prepared to dcnv to him the exereise of this power under the i-on- mtution. But it is, in point of fact. tmtruo that an act passed by Congrct-s is conclusive evidcnce tnat it isan cmanaiion ot the popular will. A majority of thc whole nufnbcr clccted to each house of Congress coustitutcs a quoruni, and a majority of that quoriim is conipctcnt to pass laws. It might huppcti that a quoriim of the Ilouse of Itcprejcnt.itivcs, consisting of sin"te lncnibcr more thnn balf ot tbe whole uuuiuur uiiTiuti iu iuui iiuusc, inii'iii pass a 1 t ll liy amajorilyot nsingle vote, nnd in that ase :i fractiun more llian oiie-fourth of the I tlie people of the United Statcs would bc rcprr- 1... .1 1 t. I I'jniuu uy mose wno voicu lor ii. il migiu mppcn thnt thc samc bill might be passed by majonty ol onc, by a nuoruin ol thc N-nute, roniposcd of senators from the fiftecn sumller btatcs and a singlc benntor Irom a sixtctnth State, and if thc senators votinc for it haimen- cd to be f-om the eight ofthe sinnllcst of theso Statcs, it would be passed by the votcs of s-en-ators of states havins but fourtccn repreScnt- tivcs in the Ilouse of Keprcscntntivcs, nnd containing less thnn one sixtccnth ofthe wb6l6 popuiation, of tho United Statcs. Uesides, in most ot thc .states thc membcrs of thc House of Iicpresentativcs aro choscn by pluralitics, and not.by ni.ijontics nl all (hc voters in their respective dislricts; and it mav happen that a mnjority of Ihat House may bo rcturncu tv a less asgreratc vote ot the pco- e than that rcceived by thc niinoritv. The great objoct of tlie conslitutlon in con- forring npon the Prcshlcnt a qunlificd nega tive ujKin the lcgislation of Congress, was to rotcct minorit.cj irom injustice and oppres- sion by majoritics. The equality of their rep rescntation in the Senale, and the veto pewer of the PrcMdont, are thc constitulicn.il gunr- antics which lhe smaller statcs lrnvc thnt their "hts will bc rcspccted. ithout thcsfc' cftar- anties, all thtir interests would be at the mcr cy of majoritics in Congress, reprcscnting thc larger statcs. To thc sinallcr and wraker statcs, therefore, tho prcscrvation of this pow er, and the exereise unon proper ac'.nions de- manding it, is of vital iniporlnncc. Thcv rnt- ified the constitution, and cntcred into the l'n ion, sccuring to themsclvcsnu equal represcn tation with the larger states in thc Senate; and they arccd lo bc bound by all laws pass- eu oy t-ongrcss upon the express condition, and none other, that they should bc approve! by the President, or passed, his, Objcctions to lhe contran- notwithatandiii':, bv a vote of two-thirdi of both houses. Ujion this condi tion they have a riht to insist. ai a part of the compaci to which they gnvc their nsscnt. A bill might be passed by Congrrss njainjt the will of thc whole people of a particui.ir L?.. .1 .1 C and all hs Iicpresentativcs. Howevcr preju- ouuc, anu ;i":iMisi iiicvoiccs oi i.s ocnniors dicial it inight bc tothe interest of such State, it wculd bc bound by it if the President shall approve it, or if it should bc passed bv a vote of two-thirds of lioth houscs; but it has a rightl to demand id that thc President shall excnisc hisiud.nnentisa-rain.t it.' If he .nVrPn.inm llll .imli stittitional power, and arrcst it, if i this nower, or fails to exereise it in a case where he cannot approve, it would uiakc liis formnl approval a mere mockcry. aml would bc itself a violation of the constitution auil :hc disscntmg statc would become bound by a lawwhichhad not been passed accordin'; to' .i inc sanciions oi iuu coiisiiiuuou. The Supreme Courl of lhe Uniicd States f is invesied with lhe power to declnre. nn.I I hasdcclared. ncis of Congress passed I .1 llm concurrence ol llic Senate, lhe llousppf I Rcpresentalives-. nnd the approval of ihc President, to be unconslilutiunnl and void; DJn S!"' "P'on,on said dny and yct none. it is presumed, em he lound. r,re''rn,d- w1,.,',0ut .Pcnilon oi, who will be diapoaed to s.rip ihis l.ighol j- 'h.?,pPa.h,.,.ryoa: f"1' erteti dicial tribuual inder lhe colis.iiu.ion of iliis ypaT "i, Mtf hte ron inifed suh dese'r acknowledped power-n power necessary a- !lcn ,,"er''.'."" ,he ,a, this lihel.pegiccl- hke to its inJependenco and tlie nghls of iu-1 dividuals. j Forthesame reasons' Ihat tbe Executive veto should, according to thedoctrinc mrnn tained, ba icndcred nutratory, nnd bc prar- Hcally expungei' trom ihc ronsiiiution, ihn power of lhe rourl should also be rendered nugatory and beexpungcd, becnuce it re etrains ihc Iegislative aud executive will, nnd becauscthe exerr.iee of such n jiaiver by llie.court may be regnrded as being in con flict wiih thc capacily of the people lo gor ern ihemsclves. Indeed, ihcre is more lea eon for siriUing this power of lhe court from the constitution than there is that of lhe qunlified veto of ihe President; becnuse the decision ofthe court is final, nnd can never be rev'erscd, cven ihounb both houses of Congress and the President should be nnan imons'fn opposltfon to il whereas the veto ol the President may beoverruled by a vote ol two-thirds of both hnuscs of Congress, or by the people a"t the polls. Itfs obvious ihatlo nreserve the nvstem established by thc cnnslitufion. eachTof lhe co-ordinata brnnches ol tjie government thc ejecutive Iegislative, nnd judicial must bc lelt in lhe excrcfte of its'nppropriate poweri. It the executive or the judicial branih'bc dcp'itfed of powers conferred up on either as checks on lhc Iezulalure, the preponderancc of Ibe Iatter will become dis oroponionafc and absorbing, and lh'ca'(hc;s impotent for' lhe nrbonYplisbment of ihe great objecis for vihiclt thev were ejlablish- ed. Oiganizcd as they are by the conslilu- lion, ihey work toJelhcr- harinoniouWy for the public good. If thc execntfve and the iudiciarv shall bc deprived ol ihe con'sii- luiional powers investcd In themv and of iheir dus proportions, ihe cquilibrium ol lhe system must be destroycd, and consoliduiion, with the most pcrnicious rcsulls, must ensue a cpnsolidailon ol unchecked, despotic power, cxerciscd by majorities of the legu lalivc branch. Tho-exenilive, legislolive. and ju.iirinf' each constituts a scparate c6-or"dinnie de partment of the government nnd enrh is independent of the olheis. In lhe pcrform ance of '.heir respective duiicd under lhe constitution, neitber can, in its legitimate ar tion, co'ntrol theoth'er. They earh cl upon their several res'ponsifiiliiies in ifip.fr reopec tive epheres but if ihe doctrmes now timin lained be correct, the ezecuiivembst oecome. praclfcally suhordinate 16 both the legisla live and lhe executive and ihus the whole power of the government would be nicr"ed' in n single department. Whenever, if ever, this shair occur, our glonous eystem ol well-rcgulatcd selpaov ernmeof will crumble into ruins to be"suc ceeded, first byanarchy.and finally hv mon "C l r desPot'pn' I am fCr froin cpliev itig thnt ihis do-frine is the Ecntmer.t of if:o American peonlor nml riiirmr, ihi f,i.; .i od vfhich reninfns in whfch ifwiirbe my dofy to adminutcr lhe exermlvp 11...., .:ir be my aim to marntairi its in.lcpendence nncf dischafre its duties. wiihont i'r,r,-i; lhe powers Or duties nl piibomr it,-.V... departments of the governfnraf. The power of lhe caecuiivp vpS S- ercised by lhe first nnd most illustrrous of mv predecessorp, nnd bv four of hfs succrssors who prccedeo me in the rtdmfmslratrofi bf the government, nnd, it is believed in no in stance prejudicially i0 ihe public ini'errst. It ha never been, and there is bot finlp dnn per thst it ever cin h if r dent lyill ever desire, unnccessarily, to place his opinion in opposiiion lo that bf ConTress. He must alwavs exerpisR i'Iip nw.. .i.. anily, and only fn cases where hia convir. tionsmhkeit a maifer ofstern duii-, whirh he cannot escane. Indeed. ihp onnger ihat thc PrcFr'deni. from Ihe repng imnce he must always feel fb'come in collis lon with Cor.Tresff. mv Hffl in-.i.,,;,. cases where the preservntinii of ihe cohsii- luuon irom intraction or thc public good. may demand it. thnn fhnt hft tiitr n.r cisp it pnneccSsan'Jy or wanfonfy. During the period 1 hnve ridmini'stprpfl iA executive department of Ihe povernmrnt; great nml important questions of puhlic poli cy, loreign and dnmestic, have ariscn npon which it wa? my duty lo act. Il may indeed he truly oaid ihat mv ndministrntion hnsfall cn upon ercmful timcs. 1 have felt mn oensibly ihe weieht or lhe brh reponslhillc ties devblved nnbh me. With npf nK. jcct than the puhlic good, thc cndon'ng fame. i ;i ...-c. nml nernmnnnt nmartA-i,.. ..r t fnVp i 'VJ'",.J' """"fj, i i. uiiviriiuus ui my own 1'i-si juiicment. Tlii- rninrip'tinl' nrll-" w....ti,,,cm.,l iuuiiu opininii, present and and fulure, will deternirnc how fiir lhe public policy I have mamialnFd. and the measures I hnvp f-om lime to time rrcnriv mended, may have ictulVil to ndvonceor re tard Ihe puhlic pro.ope.riiy at home, nnd to' e levaie or depfessthe cstrmnte of our titition l chara'cter abroad. Invoking the blessings of ihe Xlmigfity upon your deliberations- at your present im pnrinnf gessron, my arn'Cnl bope is, that in n 'pint ol harmony nnd conftord. you mny he Sjiiidcd lo wire resulin, and surh'as mny re dound (o tfie happinrss, ihe honor, nnd lhe glory of our bcloved country. r JAMKS K. POI.K. H A3nixoTON-, Dccember 5, 1S18. M To Rn.vDnRS asd Airnr.Tisi:i:s. The" almost intenninablc lilessnge of President l'olk, which, as in duty bouml, we lav before onr rcaders this weck, crowds oht Cvcrything clso froni.nr inside pages, exeept legal advcrtisements, and one or tw6 others of present nccesjity. This apclcgy wil? 6r fbarsi; bc dccmed snfficient, by thtsc wh6' miii their' advertiscments from ourcolumns, anftby tfiosc' who find no entcrfainmcnt in this, tlic last; mcssage of Jamcs K. I'olJb- For Sale. A Single Slcigh, 1larnc5s, t prft of Lined Jiuflido Robcs. Jnijuire of the Subscn'Ler. n.i-tt K L. FULLER. Middlebury, Dec. II, 1848. iUonrietir and.Mndamc Candcrbccek, TiMlinist HarmVl. rrsnprtfnllir nn. norfnce lo lhe Ladietanrl f?. bury that lhcy will givea Gra.O CWt KHTai tnefllasonic Hall, ihis (Tue,day) rvenirg, Dec. 12, at 7 o'cloclr. Tickets 25cts. Children half pncc. Middlebury, Dec. 12, fell Elcanor H. Little, To tfie Hon. SujSremc .l'-. T f. on" "?x!, I, be bu'- 'U. c" u'eDury,wni nt!,IIor "'i5 County of Ad.liron. on lhe t "e!'?,'fI.,J'e four"' Tueiday in December. A. D. 1848. Libellant. Eleanbr H. I.flfV. of Ri"pfori, iri said Counly of A ddison, r'especlfuiry rpre-' V-l i I" "luliy ninrned to A- n.- T u,l),on a "a"' Kiplon.bv Snmnel II. Hpmlrirlf w.r, f c 'V 01 ePiemner. ih rfnll con- r W sn,lf ',P,on 'n hefulfilment of r.ll lhe duties rc- nilirpn hv tlio mni..ionn I cj-.i. i J 7-X ",""S" "j".i umu me fi h. "fSeptemt.er, A D. 1844. wheiV 7 7. X b warun uic iimmiciMiire nno support ot yoar "i iw.ipn, being during all of that time of sufficieni bilily to support your libellant aud her child. Vherefnre' yorir I.il.elhni prays ihis Hon.Court lh;ft for the causes ufo'rcsnu!,the b'onds of Slulrimony between your libellant and the said Abijah Little, Jr., ma'ybedis solved and; that a' bill of divo'rce may be gra'niedher. Dated at Ripton, thi? 2d day bf fJrtofcef A..D. 1848. ELEANOR H. LITTLE. Ozias dCT.MoiiR. Atty.for Libelfam. Pum ofVtrmonl, The Ix)Te libel b!iv: eikibilnl to Addiaon Connty, n. jw-lliu Ullidr orDeceralier, A D. 1813, mjhI it liaff reprreDlel to m ttiat aid I.iWllmot ifl now midinKxrithaut IhrSlxte of Vermont. It m therefore ordered that notice of lhe pemlencv of iaid libd he given tald llhellee, by publLhin? the irnne lojttktr with tbi or der ln the 3tiddlebury GaUiy a newrpaper publi-lied at ald Middlebury three week iiereMivety, .tbe lat of Which publicalioni nliaU lie ai lcavt four weeka. before tbe tenn ofaaid Supreme Court, to whieb aaiiLlibel U made re. (n'rnable. Yf btch pulilicaUon Bhall be auflleienl Jiotice to aaid l.ibellee.to ffppear aud anawer to xaid- IibeL DateiTat 31iddeturylbis lltbjtayof December. A. D. 18 15. Jlll.OL. BE.NNETT. Jullre of Sop. Court, COMMISMOXERS NOTICE., "We, the subscribers, being appoiited by lhe Hon. Ihe Probate Conrt fof lhe Dfstrict of Ad dison, Commissioners lo eceive, examine and adjust alt ctafms and demands of all f ersons a gainst the estateof ELEANOR DP.E'WSTER, late of Orwell, in said District, deceased, and alio all claims qnd, d;mands exfiihiicd in offtet therelo: And six months from lhe 30th ilaypt October, 1818, being allowed by said Court for that purpose,we do therefore bereby give nolice that we will attend to the business of our said appoinfmem, at lhe dwelling house of Israel Sum'ner, late the dwelling 6fsaid dtccascd, m said Orwell, on the last Mondays of January and April, 1843, from 6neo'clock, P. M., until four o'clock P. M. on each ofsaid days. ISRAEL SMITH. Comml ABSALOM FULLER, S iners. Dated atOrwall, ihis 12th day of fTovember' .1848. 31 Sw

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