The New York Herald (New York [N.Y.])
July 17, 1842
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I TH I v?l. VIII.?No. 105 Whoit No. 3040 I'll drown more aailori thun tha morn,aid hall.'' Shakxpeare. Diil ?en?t pcriuadn I'ly .an* not to hear The Mriminil's long*, whirl) no lb? uien did plea?c. That they u ir all jwrtuailcil tliiuutrU the ear J o I|UU the (hip, mill l*ni' "ll" ll": ",'UH Da 1 Thou rmiicmbciest, Since once I act upon a promontory, Ami heard a Afrramiion a Dolphin'* hack I 'tteringanch dulcet ami hmwiloai hrenth, I hat the rmlu sea grow ci\il at her long." Shukxpeai e, llowcrar uatiiraUkta muy doubt of the reality of Mer^ nun or Vtrmaid 1. it e niuy believe particular writer*, li'TC teems teatiniony fnougll to uslahlibh it. Chambers. Our renders will recollect that u few weeks miicc, Hv published a letter from a correspondent in Mont^Htoinery, AlabnHi.t. gi\ing a description of a nicr^Hnnid, which he had wren there in possession of 1111 II geiilletuan, who hud brought ii from the ^HfV|cc Islands. A yontlg aitist at (lie south has had 1 peep at this strange Hiiitmil, and has seal its a per loci drawing "1 it, troni wlnrli we hare had the above engraving executed for the gratification of our readers. The artist assure* us that the drawing is perfectly correct, with the exce|>tion of the hair, which lie lias taken the liberty to make a little longer than the original would warrant. The Mermaid has long lieen considered by many as a fabulous animal; hut some naturalists have declared that there is too much evidence of the existence of these animals to warrant thcin in pronouncing the mermaid to be a mere creature of fancy. We discover in the ourang ouiang the connecting link between the human and animal race. The llying squirrel or bat is the link between birds and quadrupeds, the platipus, lias the body of a seal and the wabbttd feet and bill of the duck; the flying fish connects the bird and scaly inhabitant of the deep, and why may wc not suppose that there is also u connecting link between llrli and the human species Had not fossil remains of the great Mastodon been discovered, few would be found ul the present day who would believe that such an animal had ever existed. We have seen litany sea captains and sailors, whose honesty could not be questioned, who would take their bible oath that they have seen among the rocks of barren islands, animals with a body and head resembling a woman, and uic io\v?rr e&ircinuy ueumig mv scaics, ims ana tail of n fish. Doubtless there arc twenty snob men now in this port. When the animal of which the above is n picture, shall arrive here, we hope our citizens and ilu* prolessors of natural history especially, will have an opportunity of testing this question in such a manner as to put the subject forever hereafter to rest. We learn that the gentleman who owns this animal is about taking it to London as a present to the British Lyceum of Natural History. With regard to the real or fabulous existence of this animal, we find that in the year 1187, as Laray informs us, such a monster was fished up on the coast of Suffolk, and kept by the governor for six months. It bore so near a conformity with man, that nothing seemed wanting to it hut speech. One day it took the opportunity of making its escape, plunging into the sea, was never more heard of. In the year 1130. after a huge tempest, which broke down the dikes in Holland, and made way for the sea into the meadows, &c., some girls of the town of Edam, in West Friesland, going m u boat to milk their cows, perceived a mermaid embairaised in the mud, with very little water They took it into their boat, and brought it with them to Edam. It fed like one of litem, hut could never he brought to otter at speech. Some time afterwards it was brought to 1 lierletn, where ft lived for some years, though still showing an inclination to the water. Another creature of the name 8|>rcies was caught in the Baltic, in 1531, and sent to Sigtsmond, king of Poland, with whom it lived three days, and was seen by all the court. Another verv young one was taken near Iforea da (.'intra, as related by I Himien (iocs. The king of Portugal and the grand master of the order of St. James, are said to have had a suit at law to determine which party these monsters belonged to. In the year 1560, near the island orManar, on the western coast of Ceylon, some fishermen brought U|t at one draught of a net, seven mermen and mermaids: of which several Jesuits, and among the rest, F. Hen. Hcnriqucs and Dimas Boaquer, physicians to the viceroy of Goa, were witnesses. The physician, who examined them with a great deal of care, and made dissection thereof, asserts, that all the parts, both external and internal, were found perfectly comfonnable to those of men. We have also another account of a merman seen near the great rock called the Diamond, on the coast of Martinico. The persons who saw it gave a precise description of it before a notary. They Httirmed that they saw it wipe its hand over its face, and even heard ii blow its nose. In Font oppidan's Natural History of Norway, also, we have accounts of mermaids but not more remarkable, or any way better attested than the above. More modern instances are the following:?In 1613 a mermaid was taken in the harbor of Cherbourg, alter a violent storm, and was earriedby the mayor of that place as a present to the French court; but, dying before it reached Versailles, it was afterwards shown publicly in the streets of Paris. In the year 1758, a mermaid was exhibited at the fairof St. Oermaine's in France. It was about two feet long, very active, snorting about in the vessel of water in which it was kept, with great agility and seeming delight. It was fed with bread and small iipii. lis position, wnen ai ri'Hi, wuh always erect. It was a female, with ugly negro features. The skin was harsh, the ears very large, and the back parts and tail were covered with scales. M. t!auticr, a celebrated French artist, made un exact drawing of it. Another mermaid, which was exhibited in London in 1775, was said to have been taken in the gulf of Stanchio, tn the Archipelago, or -L'gean Sk-a, by a merchantman, trading to Natolia, in August, 1774. It was, therefore, an Asiaatic mermaid. The description is as follows:?Its face is like that of a young female?its oyes a line light blue?its nose small and handsome?its mouth small?its lips thin, and the edges of tliem round like that of the codlish ?its teeth are small, regular and white?its chin well shaped, and its neck lull- Its cars are like those ot the eel, but placed likethoseof the human sjK'ci'-s, and behind them arc the sills for respiration, which appear like curls. Some are said to have hair upon their bead but this has only rolls instead of hair, which, at a distance, might be taken lor short curls. Rut its chief ornament i- a beauiitul membrane or liu rising from the temples, and gradually diminishing till it endspyranudicHlly, forming a fore-top like a iadv's head-dress It has no tin on the back, but a bone like thai of the hntnati species. It" breasts are toir and full; the arms and bands are well proportioned, but without nails on the lingers; the belly in round and swelling, but there is no navel. From the waist downward, the body is in all rc-eecis like the codfish it lias three sets of fins, one above another, below the waist, which enable it to swim erect on the sea. In the year 1701, a mermaid, as it was called, was shown at Xo. 7, New Broad Court, Bow street, Covent hirden and said to hnve been taken in the North seas by Captnin Fortier. This nymph of the sea, woman Ironi the head down to the lower part of the wsisl, anil a lisli from thence downwards, was three leel long, liuviog ears, gills, breasts, fins, shoulders, arms, hands, lingers, nnd a contiguous scale covering the fish part. The next publication of credit in which we find n notice relative to the mermaid, is ]>r. Ohishnlm'a Kasay on the Malignant Fever oi lhe Went Indies, published in 1H01. The i>r. speaks of it as follows: I probably hazard the implication of credulity by die following note In the year I7H7, happening to be at Governor Van Hattenburit's plantation, in fserbice, the conversation turned on a *ingnlar animal whtrh had been repeatedly seen in Rerbice river, ami some smaller river*, such, particularly, asMay hay^ony and Abarv on the same coast. So many circumstances relative to this animal, were detailed by Mr. Van Ihittenbnrgh, as removed much of the disinclination to belief I f it. This animal is the famous mermaid, hitherto considered as a mere crenture of the imagination. It is railed hy the Indians tiiese t'lurmna, or mother of the ivatcra. The drscYintion given ol it hy 'lie Governor is as follows: ?The upper portion resembles the human figure, the head smaller in proportion, sometimes hare, hut oftener covered with a cordons ipmntily of long black hair. The shoulders are broad, and the breasts large nnd well formed. The lower poiinm resembles the mil portion of a li?h. is ol immense dimension, the t:iil forked, and not unlike ihat of the dolphin, ;ts it is usually represented The color of the -kin is either black or tawney. Tie animal i field E NE THE M] jk1 ..i. L_ ^j_- fr s -__- V 'jg v^- Sh^.r'ip in veneration and dread by the Indiana, who imagine that the killing it would be attended with the most calamitous consequences. It is liom thiscircnnistaiiee that none ot these animals have been shot, ;iii? the mermaid. The head and the chest being ail that was visible, exactly resembled those of a full grown young woman. The breasts were |>crfectly formed; the arms longer than in the human body, and the ryes somewhat smaller. When the waves dashed the hair, which was of a sea-green shade, over the face, the hands were immediately employed to replace it. The skin was ofu pink color. Though ol*erved by several persons within the distance oi twenty yards, for about an hour and a half, it discovered no symptoms of alarm. It was seen by four or live individuals, of unquestionable veracity, at the same time. Something of the same kind was observed in the same neighborhood, about seven or eight years before, by a gentleman then residing near the spot. A young inan, named John M'Isaac, nfCorphine, in Kintyre.iu Scotland, made oath on examination, at Canipeltown, before the sheriff-substitute of Kintyre, that lie saw on the afternoon of the 13th ol October, 1811, on a black rock on the sea coast, an animal, of the particulars of which lie givesn long and curious detail, answering a description commonly given to the mermaid. He states, thai the up|icr half of it was white, and of the shape of a human body; the other half, towards the tail, of u brindled or reddish-gray color, apparently covered with scales; but the extremity of the tail itself wa> of a greenish-red shining color; thai the head wai covered with long hair; at times it would put bnck the hair on both sides ot his head; it would alsr spread its tail like a fan; and, while so extended, I lie tail continued in tremulous motion, and whei the disponent to be about twelve 01 fourteen incites broad: that tin- linir was long ant light brown; that th? astonishment o| us nil, it rinded our purwiil h plunging under water. lu a few minutea it rnn r-mv p it lt.au its foais, ji we presently nh?rr\rd it t? I >y hol.t t.( die li?l I which it ate with apparent relish. Several ethr W YO new york. sunday a :r maid. 1 1 1 r x'..' |>:i'ct\s w r* thrown out, l>y whirh the creature was i!i Juci'.i to keep n short distance from our hoat, ami a Word s i us the oppoit'imty of ohs itins; it with at tcntion, a.id fount?, to our us'onishrm'ni, that it was no other than mermaid. As (Ik1 s\i was calm. and m u great d"git transparent, every I it l the animal's body I: ill''in turn vt.-ible. I liv head, from lln crown to ill chin, i'orm rather a long oval, and the lace seems to resembl" that ol tIk* seal, though, at ill" saiii" !i111 U is tar mi re agreeable, |(ORO'KsinK a pee n liar soft in wlii renders the whole *et el feature* very iuteroU i g. The Ujiperiinil back part of the ii u'i upi*" ire o be furnished with something like iiiir, and I ii lore part of the body with sotn tiling like dov.' i belweeu a very light fawn and a vrv pde pink color, which at a distance had the iranre of llesh, and may have given rise to the ilea that the body of the mermaid i*. externally, like that of ,the human being. This creature has two arms, each of which: terminates in'o a hand with four lingers, connected to each other by means of a very thin elastic membrane. The animal used its arms with great agility, and it" motion! in general were very g ueeful. From the waist it gradually ta|iered so as to forma (nil, which had the nmienrance of being covered with strong hroud polished scales, which occasionally retlert-d the ntys of the sun in nvery bountiful niunner; ad, from the hack and tipjtcr part of the neck down to the loins, the body also appeared covered with short round broad feather*, ot the color ot the down on the fore part ot the body. The whole length of the animal,!ruin the crown of the head to the extremity of the tail, wu* supposed to he about live feet, or live feet and a half. In about ten minutes from the time we approached, the animal gave two or three plunges, in quick succession, if it were at play. After this, it gave a sudden spring, and sw-tni away from its very rapidly, and in a tew sei contls we lost sight of it." Mcrrrtontn, Illinois. [Corrwpomtoncc of the Herald.] Mkrkoosia, June Ft, Ik 12. Hmi"rutint to ll'inois?J'rotiiiec?liuilrouil? Mr. I 'u u Bnrcn, ?)"t. MB. James G. HENxErr:? PEAK Silt:? I Cere I nm in this famous and important city, tar more famed abroad than at home. The Suckers have been most industriously engaged for the past tw years lit the production of large quantities of produce of every kind and description. The immense amount shipped Irom this state in the lust year, and yet going out, i! worth a fair price in the southern or nothern markets, would bring its entirely ontof debt, (at least ill" trading community.) Call by and see our tine soil, and if yon do not sav we can beat any State west of the mountains for productions in the course of a few short years, we give it up. The present predicament of our Stale prevents in a great measure the emigration, which would have otherwise settled amongst us, but we go it wtrong in the way of produce. According to our present jiopulatron, we want about half a million of itaiir 111 ili ut it 11 it c Vrvrlrnrc: itwl trrwifl mfp/enu f r\ titiL-o sucker* of ihfiii. There is lots of the richest and I most fertile soil yet unsettled, and now offered at three dollars per acre, (in >f itv Hank paper,) now at -to to M cents. Travelling in the west is reduced J to one quarter of the old prices. The Northern Cro-s Kaitroad from this point to S|>riiigfivld is finished, (and the only one completed of the many commenced in the State.) The ears run three times per week through to Springfield. J loaded both ways with freight and passengers, and I no douhl will do well. 'I'll'- amount of produce yi t I to go out is very large. I.ait whsoii there was upwards of 2nd,Otto hti helsol wheal -diipped down this river for the northern market. This season, Illinois j w ill produce upward* of four millions of bushels of wheat alone, besides corn, barley, oafs, rye, pota. toes, iVe Ye., all of which crops never looked liner. I All we want is a good niaiket lor onr surplus, and in a few years our Stale will ask no favors. You are not aware of the importance of our 1111, rivalled city, or wc would have seen it mentioned in your celebrated and popular I feral I; I can searcc, Iv look over its columns ere ifsgone. The little magician is ex|H'cted here on lii.s way to Chicago, in a t (lay or two. lie lias had a very pleasant and agreeable time in the west; hut he can't shine in the pre' sidential election. 1 understand Mr. V. H. has been invited to the Capital of the State. 1 We are 120 miles nhove St. Louis, high and dry, lots of sand mnsquetoes, iSrc. to i .ig for us baelie, lors. No doubt you have heard of the Illinois riv. Two other* with him were kn?>|ition, on this n .nion, ofa form of communication ijiii r 1111II ui (1 in ilijilori itio intercourse, ami for w liieh mi mwiiit) is Know n. An envoy extraordinary nml mini' or plcnipotcn'la v of tin' United Stat s, fully nocroilito.l to tIn* lov *i.i' t of Mexico, was at that momont in It capital, in tin* "tual li charge of his functions, ami ma.lv to receive -ol It li ilfof his (iovornmont, any communication which it ii .:11 lm the pleasure ol iho I'i rsi-lcnt of (ho .Mexican ro; iilinr to make to it; ami it is not improper to horn nil, tin' ii has been matter of regret with the (fovi" imoiit of tho 1 nit.'i! States that while, lining unimatoil wi'h sincere no ..I oil times to i ul'ivnle the met ami* ca'ile relations with Mcxic i, it has not failed to maintain no ir that (?.)vi:nnion! a m ?io:i of tin highest rank know n 0 it, 'lie .tuleol liiog-1 :t? this ei. nit ant esi ling !i tin en tln-m. In-1 'gnrdeil. tin'Ii tli"nue a id lie other w ill l"monstiate that it is the i I i 111. I in'" I S; i' liii li has lu-eii marked in in jt. itl tii.iniici. by m 11, ration nil I foibeainnce. Injuiie. ami wrongi Irn 1 xiistnmcl liv eili/.cti* of the i.l .1 Si.ili mil i i Mi'lc I liy imlit i lnnf Mexican*, but by la i 1 ii;?ri.if-; ol the Government; lor w hich injuries 1,1 wrong", numerous a* tliey are, iiiiiI uutixigenii* n* is tin- i llm ui'tri ill" ose of giving more reason to the complaints ot Mexico, that, of the military force which acted sgainit Mexico with elli dicucy and success in a large |airtion consisted c.f roluii'cvrs then fresh from the United Htates. Bat this is a great error. It is well ascertained that of those who bore arms in the Texian ranks in the battle of fait Jacinto, three-foniths at leas! were colonists, invifeil tn'o Texas by the grants and the coloni/ntibii law ol Mexico, and cnlb ,I to the field hy the exigencies of the time In frm then faims an.l oilier objects of private pursuit. Mr. do Bncnnegra's complaint is twofold tnat Citumsot the i mil .i Mirr'i iinvr Texas with ammunition, arms, vessels, money, nmt re. i emit: have pnhllrly raisr.l forces in their itii-r, nnl fi!i to 1 o'lt vessels in their ports, loaded tin m with munitions of war, arei mvrche I to commit hostilities against n friendI ly nation, under the eye re! with the knowle Ig of the ntlhlie, nothoritjes. In all this Mr. . inurh as Mexico, and thul trade a: i omimirre itli citizens ol a tiovrrniueiil ut u ar w itli Mexleo ran nut, on that account, be regarded as an inter course liv si lin-li assistance nndaue.ror are given to .Mexi- can minus. The a hole current of >1 r. de bncuuegia's i if the indejieiidenre of Texas hitl not lieen acknowledged. It hus het n nr. knots lodged it w as ackllow ledge ill I'"I7, agailltl the remonstrance ami protest ol Mexico; ami most of the tots ol any importance f whit h Mr. de Iiocuni gra compi.litis flotv nee.-.nils from that recognition. He speak nfTexa ns till la-it g an integral part of the territory cl'thi Mexican I'epiit lie lint lie cannot hut understand that tlie I 'nitial static do not so regard it. The real comI 1 ilnt 01 tlexn o tl inline is in (uhstouee neither mom luir I ill 1.1 II e aptrut against the reeognitiou ul T?'\i:.|| illde|H'lldeUee, II in.i) l.i' thought i illii i J itr li> repnnt tluit complaint, an I n il i|ii'f i-j'is! In t'ntilinn it to tin1 I "iti .1 Mutes, tn tin* exemption ul KngliUid, I'l.iliCe ami lb Igiuni, mil'ig tlie Unite I tin-. Inn jn:; tx-ru tin- lit \ iiiki?fin??, as Mr. tie llnmijegru does jn*M, that Texas is .Mill a part ot Mexico, that lie ran maintain any Complaint. Let il lie reiMMitnl therefore. that if the thiol's ai'aiiiKt \iliirh In-remonstrates In* wrong, they have their source in tinoriginal wrong of the acknowledgment ol Texinn imli |>rtidenee. But thut acknowledgment is nut likely to lit' retracted. Tlin ran tieno doubt at all that for the last sit oars thr tinilo in articles contraband of war betw een the United Htnios .ml Mexico, ha* been greater I bun between the I'nilt 1 Slates ami Texas. It is probably greater at the |ire?> uiin nt. Wbj has not Texas a right to complain of this for no reason, certainly, hut because the permission tn 11 a !e, or the aetutil trailing by the eiti/eiis of a Governtni at in urtii les coiitrubuiul of war, is not a breach of neutrality. Mr. ile Docnncgm professes himself tinnble In comprc11 iiit bow those |ieisoiisof whom he eiiiiipluiiis huve been able to evaile the jiiinishinent ib-eivcl against them by the law s of the United Stntes I w. lie foes not appear io have a clear idea of the pimcipies or piovisions ol those law*. The duties of neutral nations in time of war arc prescribed by the law of nations, w Inch is imperative and binding n|ion oil Governments; mid nations not unfrequently establish municipal regulations for the better government of the conduct of their subjects or citizens. This lias been done by the United States, in order to maintain w ith greater certaintj a strict and impartial neutrality, pending wai hclw een oilier countries. Ami w believer a violation of neutral duties, us they exist by the law of nations, or miiv hietirli of its own iuws, has been brought to the notice of the Government, attention has always been raid to it. At an early period of the Texian revolution strict order? wore Riven lit the President of the United Klutcts to all officers on tlic south and southwestern frontier to lake cure that th?>?e law s should la* observed and the. attention ol the Government of the United States had not twin called to any specific violation ol them since the manifestation on the |>art of Mexico of an intention to renew liostilitrs w ith Texas, and all officers of the Government remain charged with the strict and faithful execution of these laws. On a recent occasion complaint was made hy the representatives of Texas that an armament w as fitted out in the United Sis'.vs for the sei vice ol Mexico against Texas. Two vessels of war, it was alleged, built or purchased in the United States for the ue of the Government of Mexico, and well understood as intended to be employed against Texas, were equipped and ready to sail from the w aters of New York. The rnso was earefully enquired into, official examination was made, and legal counsel invoked. It appeared to be a case of great doubt, but Mexico wn. allowed the benefit of that doubt, and the vessels left the United States with the whole or a part of their armi nt actually on tumid. The same administi utiou of evenhanded justice, the same impartial execution of the laws towards all parties, w ill continue to he observed. II force* have been raised in the United States, or ves sels fitted out in their ixirts for Texian service contrary to law, no instance of which has as yet come to the knowle Ige ot the government, prompt attention will he paid to the tint case, und to all cases winch maybe mado known to it. As to mh auces, loan?, or donations of money 01 goods, made by individuals to the government of Texas, or iUcitizens,"Mr. do Bocancgra hardly needs to he informed that there i? nothing unlawful in this, so king us Texas is at pcaee with the United States, ami that tlieso are things which no government nndurtaket to restrain.? Other citizens are equally nt liberty, should they be so inclined, to show their good will towards Mexico by the same means. Still lew can the government oftheUnited States be railed upon 10 interfere with tha opinions uttered in the public assemblages of a free people, accustomed to thu independent expression of their sentiments, rtsuiting in no violation of the laws of their country, or of its duties as a neutral State. Towards the United States, Mexico anil Texas stand in the same relation, as independent States at war. Of the character of that war mankind will form their own opinions, and in the United States at least ihe utterance of those opinions cannot lie suppressed. The 'econil part of M. de Bocuuegra'* complaint is thus stated?' No Sooner does the Mexican government, in the exercise of its rights, which it cannot end does not desire to renounce, prepare menus to recover a possession usurped from it, than the whole population of the V. States, especially in the southern States, is in commotion; and, in the most public mann.tr, a large [xirtion of tliein is directed upon Texas." And how does Mr. de Bocancgra suppose that the government of the United States can prevent, or islionnd to undertake to prevent, the people from thus going to Texas' This is emigration; the same emigration, though not under 11 e satne circumstances, which Mexico invited to Texas I o the revolution. These persons, so fur as is known government of the United States, repair to Texas, i c itizens of the United States, but as censing to he !i i iti/eiis. and as changing at the same time their allegiance and their domletl. Should they return after having entered into the service of a foreign State, still claiming to he citizens of the United,States, it will lie for the anthoiities of tVe United States government to determine how fir they liaie violated the municipal laws ol thi country, and what penalties tin y have incurred- The government of the Unitod States does not maintain, mid never has maintained, the doctrine of the perpetuity ol natural alleirialiee. An.I tnrrlv Mexico maintains i.n Mich doctrine j la-canse her actually existing governnirnt like thai of the United State*, in founded in the principle tint men ma) throw oil' the obligation ot that allegiancs to which tliey ate horn. The government of the United State*, from iU origin, lui" maintained legal provision* lor the naturalization ot Mich subjects of lonign State* a* may choose to conn hither ami make their homo in the country, and, renoun. Cing tlicir former allegiance, and complying witli certain atated requisitions, to t ike upon themselves the character of cithu-iis of this government. Mexico herself has law* granting equal facilities to the naturalization of foreigners. On the other hand, the United States hare not passed any law restraining thcirown citizens, native or naturalbed, from leaving the country and forming politic al relations elsewhere. .Nor do other Governments, in modern times, attempt any such thing. It is true that there are Government* which assert tin- principle Of perpetual allegiance yet, oven in case* whore this is not rather a matFit ef theory than practice, the duties of this supposed COIll inIInig allegiance are left In he demanded of the snhjee t hinis w Hon within the reach of the |*iwit of his lormer (invel neHt, and n* esigeneies muy arise, and are not attempted to he enforced by the imposition of previous restraint preventing im n from leaving their country. I pon this subject of the emigration of individual* from neutral to belligerent Slates, in regard to which Mr. dc It irmirgia appears mi indignant, we must lie allowed to 1*11111; ?i? Siiiu ihw UAH r, 10 n?ui|inir nrr wnn hiTo-if, and re*|??Ctfitlly invite her to judge the outlier by her own principle* and her own eondnod. In hcrgrpat struggle against Spain far her own independence, del shr not open her arms wide to receive all w ho would come ?c her from tn\> perl of the world I And did not mtiltitwdol (lock to her new raised standard of liberty from the I uited Sti'ei, i mn Kiu* land, I'eland I'rnur. ami Italy, man) "I whom distingni lied themselves in her ?er"ice, tioth by sea and land 7 She does not appear to have supposed thel the Governments or these per-ons, thus rowing to unitf (heir fate with hers, were, by allow ing the emigration rvon pending ti eivil war, furnishing jnstcanse ol otlence to Spain, ft en in her military operntions against Texas, Mexleo employed inanv foreign emigrants; and it may lie thought remarkable that in tho?e very operations, not long Indole the Imttb ot Han .Jacinto, a native oiti/on of the United States held high command in Iter set i i. c, and l>?i formed feats of no mean significance in Texas. Ol that f f LD. Prlft Two Ctnlt, toli-ration, tin rcfere, she call" it, and which ?he now *o warmly denounce*. Mexico, iu that hour of emergency, i-aihracod the hem tit* eagerly, and to the lull extent other pow vi. May w e not ask, tlo'ii, how she can reconcile her pteaent complaint* w ith herow u practice, t>* well a* liow she account* for to long "?d uuhitiken a itjenci ti|on a subjectou n hich her n moiulranee i* now to loud I Spain chose to regard Mexico only in the light ol a rebellion* province for near twenty year* after she hail iivcrled lo t own independence. l>oea Mexico now admit that, fur all that period, notwithstanding her practical emancipation from Spanish pow cr, it w us uitlwwlul for tlm subject* and citi/i iis of other Oovernmnita to curry on with Iter the ordinary liuslne of commerce, or to accept her tempting oM'crc to i migrant* Certainly such is not her o; inton. Might it not 1m- a*kcd, then, even if the t'uitwl Statea had not uln ady anil long ago aeknow lodged the independence ol Texas, how ion;' tlioy aitolild he ex peeled to w ait oi i iiit h i viii|>ii->iiiii im mi in- in |i y Mexico I How loiiff, li t it le n?kr I in the judgment id Mexico li.-iwll, is the fuel ol actual mill )i?-tiiJ i-nc to In- held ol no avail against on avowed pin pose of future ri roui|urst Mr. ilc Bocaiiegtu is plpa?od to eay, that il nr actually existixl betw een the two countries, proceeding* niorc hostili-on tin- port ol tin- United States couM not liuve taken place ;tlion hat i* taken place, nor the nnm gents of Ti xas obtained more i Ifcrlunl co-operation than they hare ub. taineJ. Tina opinion, however hazardous to the discernment Mid just otinieteof things of thoae who avow it, is yet abstract anil theoretical, and fo far harmless. The efficiency of American hostility to Mexico hue never been tried; the Government hai no ilcsiieto try it. It would not distm h the peace tor the sake of showing how erroneously Mr. Bocamgru has reasoned; while, 011 th? other liuad, it trusts that u just hope may bo eiitertuined that Mexico w ill not inconsiderately und needlessly hat- ten into an experiment by w hicli the truth or lallacy of his sentiment* may he hi ought to un actual ascertainineiit. Mr. de Botanegra declares, in conclusion, that his government finds itself under the necessity of protesting solemnly against the aggression* w Inch the citizens of the United States are reiterating upou the Mexican trrritory; and of declaring in a positnc iiianne-r, that it will consider us a violation of the treutv of amity the toleration of that course ol conduct, w hich lie alleges, inflicts on the Mexi| can Itepublic the injuries and inconveniences of war. The President exceedingly regrets Iwth the sentiment and the manner of this declaration. But il can admit but of one imswer. The Mexican Government appeals to require that which could not lie granted, in whuteverlanguage or whatever tone requested. The Government of the United States is a gov eluun-ut of law The Chid K.xeeutive Magisti ate, as well as funetionariea in every other department, is restrained and guided by the Constitution and tin- law lit the laud. Nrithi r the olistltuliosi nor the low ot tin- laud, nor piinciples know n in the usages of modern States, authorizes him to interdtct lawful trade between tliu United Stales and Texas; or to prevent, or attempt to prevent, individuals from leaving the U ited States for Tex us, 01 any other foreign country. II fiicIt individuals enter into tlio service of Texas, or any other foreign 8tate, the Government of the United States no longer holds over them the shield of its protection. 'I liny must i tainl 01 fall in their new ly-assumrd character, ami according to tin- fortunes w liicli may betide it. But the Government of the I'nited States cannot ha culled upon to prevent tliiir emigration; und it uinst be added, that the Constitution, public treaties, and the laws, oblige the President to regard Texas as an inde pennant state, onu its territory ?s no j>arl of the territory ol'Mexico. Kvery provision ot law, every principal of neutral obligation, will lie sedulously rnfoiced in relation to Mexico, uk in lelutiou to other Power*, anil to the tame extent mid willi the same integrity of pur|Hi*e. All thie 1 it-long* to the constitutional power nml duty ofthu Government, mill it w ill all he fulfilled. But the continuaoco of amity with Mexico can not tie purchased at any higher rate. If the peace of the two coiintrie* i* to lie disturbed, the responsibility will devolve on Mexico. She must he an werable lor consequences. The United States, let it lie again repeated, desire jwiace. It would he with infinite pain that they ihoulil find themsolve* in hostile relationa with any of the new government* on this continent. But their government is regulated, limited, fall of the spirit of liberty, but surrounded, nevertheless, with just restraints and greatly and fervently os it desires peace with all States, and especially w ith it* more immediate neighbor*, vet no fear of n different state of things can be allowed to interrupt it* course of equal and cxart justice to all nations, nor t? jostle it out of flu- constitutional orbit iu which it revolve* DANIEL WEBSTER. To WaDDV ThOMMOK, Esg. fcc. Mr. Webster to Mr. Tnosirsox. Detartmext or State, f Wasiiixcjtur, July 1.1, IM'l. i Si1"After writing to ou on the 8tli instant, I received through the name channel the former, Mr. do Bocane. gin's second letter, nnd at the mine time your despatch of thoti'h June, anil your private letter of the dint. This last letter of Mr. dc Bocanegra was written, as you will see, beftire it whs possible lor him to expert an an?wer to bin first, which answer ih now forwarded, and shows the groundless nature of the complaints of Mexico. The letter itself is highly exceptionable and ollirnsive. It imputes violations of honor and good faith to the Government of the United States not only in the molt upjuit, hut in the meat indecorous monntr You have not spoken of it in terms too strong in y our circular to the member* of the diplomatic corps. On the receipt of this, you will write a note to Mr. de Bocanegro, in which y ou will say That the Secretary of State of the United States, on the !>th of July, raceivtaf his letter of the 31 st of May thnt the President of the United States considers the language and tone of that latter derogatory to the character of the United States, and highly offensive, as it imputes to their (lorernment a direct breach of faith and that he directs that no other answer he given to it than the declaration that the conduct Of jtho Government of the United States, in regard to the war between Mexico and Texas, having been alwaya hitherto governed by n strict and i mpnrfial regard to it* nuutrul obligations, w ill not he changed or altered in any respect or in any degree. If for this tho Government of Mexico shall see fit to change the relations at present existing between the. tv.o countries, the responsibility remains with herself. 1 urn, sir, y our obedient servant, DANIEL WEBSTER. ThWimiv TiinMrso.x, E?i|. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of tho United States, Mexico. Ciiorai. IIvmx.?A fine charistic trait of the Ocnnpns wns manifested this morning. Just at sunriae a fleet of canal boats arrived, loaded with several hundreds of tierman immigrants. As they got into the city, near the packet lioat lauding, the whole, struck up one of their national aathrms?the voices of hoary age, vigorous manhood,and lander infancy lioating with those of women in the glorious harmony. Theetloct ill the calm stillness of a dew y morning, tin- spires and domes of a silent city just touched with the golden beams of a July sun, was almost sublime. ?litijf. ,/o'irn. KlSr rV H. O?We learn that the extensive grist mills owned by K. I.. J. ITlde, on Kishing Creek. in Vork district, S. C., were destroyed by lire on the night of 111* Tlth nit. The loss 11 stated to be at least f>16,0C0. Tin: Staiik Cask?The case of I'eck and wife vs. N'ral, lor an injury ins'ained by overturning the defendant's lugecoach, while racing into Marietta last summer, was la-ought to a clove yesterday. The jury returned a vrriQet for the plaintiff lor fi/iOOU damages. There is another case by a son of the plaintiff against the same defendant, far a severe injury resulting from the same upset.?Cincinnati (iazeltc. Svuac itv or a Doo On Tuesday lasl, a voting man about eighteen Tears of age. residing near Tapley's Brook, in Delivers, left his father's house ill the mm niug, with his dog. gun, kc. for the purpose of shouting. About noon the (log entered the house, and app a wile ?hc frown*, poutt, fret* and tormanta tie without her, w hat would there he i to trouble n* f 1 HATS! If ATS! HATS BROWN li '0'> O Pr'ff ft n Ktrffrr in .^'Uiriou In flif ir I' ??!f tio|.if.v; H sluMt n*j?pc?l II tt. .1 'irvf ip, I*. fhn miUfron of In v# (r, wliirii ?n cIwit i,i, wUich imMi lit. Un f?riif*h a tery nporinr II I Or thi |T" fl'.ir i ?f. fn |?r? annflMi' fhrif ll it' to tfw ptMtf iht prf>|TM-ior* iltini* lit y lime rrf|?? d lit** It! malum n| beuwty, 'In/ability, ch?'*j'm it .trtd comfort* mi im# I
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