Daily National Intelligencer (Washington City [D.C.])
February 13, 1813
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CONGRESS. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. DEBATE OX THE XEW ARMY BILL f CONTIXUKD.} Mr. WHEATON. Mr. Speaker—every in telligent man, whose age has given him an op portunity of ombining experience with obser vation, must know, that there are times when on certain questions relating to the great inter ests of the nation, the sober remonstrances of tru h and reason are of little oy no avail against the misguided impetuosity of public prejudice. To such a crisis, if we have not already arriv ed, it is greatlv to be feared that we are fast approaching. To float along the current of po pular opinion requires very little exertion; but the man that is placed in a situation where the public safety demands that he should stem the torrent and buffet the storm, cannot but reflect with peculiar sensibility on the very unequal task he has to perform The bill now under consideration, has opened a field of dis cission on the general policy of the war, in which its advocates and opponents seem to have given full range to their imaginations and tsc arguments on"both sides have apparently been attended with various success. There can, however, be little doubt on which side the vic tory will finally be declared. It is well known that the majority are determined, and the bill will pkss. I had therefore resolved to take no part in the dispute, but to content myself with giving a silent vote. But reflecting, that lam called upon to act on a subject, by me deemed important, not only for myself but for the good people whom I have the honor to represent, Who will be equally interested in the result, 1 have felt mysef impelled, both by duty and in clination, to state some of the reasons on which that vote will be grounded. The bill proposes giving authority to the President of the U. States to raise twenty thou sand regular troops, in addition to the thirty five thousand already authorised by law. This may be right or wrong, proper or improper, according to times and circumstances, and the objects which the measure is contemplated to effect. Were the country invaded by a foreign foe and a foi so powerful as to make this addi tional number of troops necessary for its de fence, I should say it were right and proper to rai.x. them, whatever expense it might be to the na ion. But if as the advocates of the bill pr fess, these men are to Le enlisted, and to gether with those heretofore authorised, are to form a powerful army for the purpose of foreign conquest I have no hesitation in giving it as my opinion, that it is improper and wrong, or at least as the President has sold us, respi ct ihg the French decree, repealing those of Ber lin and Milan, that “the proceeding is render ed by the time and manner of it liable to many objections.” Ohjt ctions it is apprehended may arise from want of powers given to Congress by the constitution, either expressed or implied to do this thing with its professed object in view— that is foreign conquest And if these are un availing, common reason and common sense furnish objections sufficiently strong to theex p diency of our undertaking such enterprizes Objections for Want of sufficient powers given by the constitution may be considered as novel; but if sound; they should nevertheless prevail. The war itself is novel, this being the first of the kind that ever we have undertaken since that nstrument was formed, or since we be came an independent nation. If the constitu tion gives Congress any power to carry on foreign wars, those powers must be coil, cted from expressions it contains, or from some clear and nee ssary implication from something that is therein expressed. It will be very readi ly admitted that oar national government is a government of a very simple construction, and that it possesses very limited powers being es tablished by compact, not by conquest, it bas not all the powers incident to the sovereignties of o'iter countries not produced by conquest, it was not made for conquest. The enumera tion of certain rights in the constitution shall not bu construed to deny or disparage others re tained by the people,” and the powers not de legated to the U. S. by the constitution, nor pro hibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.” The framers of this constitution took particular care, nut only to define the powers they intended to give, but the objects to which that power should be applied, and therefore but for those defined objects Congress have no powers at all. The objects are first pointed out clearly and plainly, and then the powers necessary to their attainment. The people of this country, after having effected the revolution and established their independence, considering their great transmarine distance from the nations of the old world, and all their jarring and rival interests, flattered themselves with the expectation of long peace. Unapprehensive of being attacked at home, they had no idea of making war for for the purpose of conquest abroad. Peace and friendship with all nations,entangling alli ances with none,” was their motto the same ?pntim«nt has been sanctioned by a man, whom the advocates of this war have never ceased to admire. An aversion to standing armies was among the causes that induced the declaration ofindepender.ee; w th ut standing armies, it was then believed, and we now know full well, foreign wa s cannot be carried on. Foreign wars did not therefore come within the scope of that policy, that dictated the constitution. 1 am not is sensible, that by the c institution a power is given do Congress to declare war, (not to make it) but their power is not to be exer cised but in the spirit of that instrument, and for the attainment of some or allot the objects for which it was framed. And what are those objects Why and for what was the constitu tion made I Its authors have told us. It was for the forming more perfect union, establish ing justice, insuring domestic tranquility, pro viding for the common defence, promo ing the general welfare, and securing the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity,” and ali these benefits for the people that then did, or who thereafter should belong to, or reside in the territory then embraced by the United States, and none other. The constitution was not made for any other, nor can it give jurisdic tion over any other. If all or any of these ob jects are endangered, and it cai be made to ap pear, that raising the additional army proposed by this bill be necessary to the preservation and security of them, and can afford a rational prospect of producing such an effect, then my objections to the measure, so far as they arise from the apprehension of the want of constitu tional authority, will be obviated. But here permit n»e to ask, whethei adding twenty thou sand new troops to our present regular army, will be likely to have the effect of forming a mere perfect union among the people of these states, or whether the little progress already made in the war has not produced fearful apprehensions of a sad reverse 11 justice be not already es tablished in our country, can there be any pro bability that a more formidable army will ef fect an object so desirable No for it is a well known maxim, as true now as in those ancient times when it was written, that Inter ar ma silent leges.’ So romantic an idea, as being able to establish justice through the wocld, could not have entered the head of those that framedj the constitution. Much has 1 been said respecting the laws of nations; but they are now no where be to found, but in those books that treat on that subject; they were formed by the nations of the civilized world, and evidenced by the treaties, compacts and greements entered into by them: but the go vernments of Europe, in their struggle for power and dominion, seem to have disre garded or broken them down and thej' bring the majority in number, and superior in strength, it is not at present in our power to build" up and enforce them. The unavoidable sta'e of the world must be submitted to, un til human nature shall by its great Author be corrected. Nor can we, from what we have experienced promise ourselves from foreign war, an increase of tranquility at home. But we are authorised and are bound to provide for our common defence to raise armies, as well of regulars as militia, for that purpose,whenever the unfortunate situation of our country may render such a measure necessary; and our rais ing of a regular army could never have been contemplated by the framers of the constitu tion for any other purpose, and therefore gave no authority so to do and as if conscious that this were the case, the committee that penned the act passed by Congress in June last, declar ing war, made use of a form altogether unusual in all other countries on similar occasions. The act declares, that war exists between the uni ted kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the United States;” going upon the idea, that hostilities had then been actually commenced against us by that government, and our coun try invaded by a British armed force. Such a declaration would have been very proper and it might have been proper to raise armies in pursuance of it, had it been true. But such was not the fact. No hostile invasion of the country, by the British government, had then been made, attempted or threatened. But some may say, and do say, that if it were not a fact then, it is now, and that therefore, if we had no right to raise regu ar armies then, it being a time of peace, we may feel ourselves fully authorised now since war has been de clared, to raise new ones, or make additions to the old. This indeed would be contrary to a principle universally received and adopted, that no one should be permitted to take advan tage of his own wrong. I know it is adoctrine, that the ruling party in this country, both in and out of this House, are every day, zealously endeavoring to inculcate, that even admitting the war-to have been wrong at its commence ment, it has now become the constitutional du ty of its original opponents to afford every aid and encouragement to its prosecution. But this is a doctrine that I think no one can yield bis assent to, till he is made to believe, that two lines, constantly diverging, may finally meet in the same point If our country has been in any degree invaded, and such invasion be in consequence of our having first invaded the territories of the invaders, it is proper for us by withdrawing the cause, to put an end o the effect. The last and not the least obje ct of the powers given by the constitution is—“ to secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and out posterity.” Many arguments cannot be neces sary to show the tendency of for ign wars to de stroy liberty. I believe history does not furnish an instance of any people long free, as er en gaging in the mad projects of foreign conquests. While Rome was content with her ancient boundaries, her inhabitants were blest with free dom; but afterwards, jealousies, tumults, insur rections seditions a.id those two great plagues scourges of mankind, anarchy tyranny fol lowing in the train, destroyed every vestige of liberty among that people. Is there any liber ty left among the people of France, or of those countres that France has conquered? Fortunate for them, if they are less enlightened than we are for in such case, tho* slaves, they may not be quite such miserable ones. The very age and body of our constitution, its form and pres sure,” indicative of the genius and temper of the people that adopted ii,are all opposed to the prosecut ion of wars for conquest. Such enter prises must not be undertaken or the constitu tion must be destroyed. Gentlemen seem alrea dy inclined to attribute the disgrace and defeats th at have hitherto marked our progress in this war, rather to the form and constitution of our government, than to the weakness and folly of its administration. The French emperor has been extolled, and his mode of conducting wars has been more than intimated as being north our imitation. If in making foreign con quests, we would have his success, we must, m:.ke use of his means, and hen we may bid a dieu to our to our former happy institutions, our laws and our liberty. On this ground there fore, I am opposed to the progress of this war. But if I had not a scruple left, as to the autho rity given to Congress by the constitution to make this war for conquest, (and perhaps I ought not to have) my sense of its inexpediency, while J shall have any regard for the welfare and prosperity of my country, will forever for bid my giving it the smallest aid. A war, admitting circumstances to be such as to render it justifiable on moral principle, (and an offensive war, I think, never can be) and admitting, also, that the government of the couatry is authorized by its constitution to make it, may be expedient or inexpedient, ac cording to the value of the object proposed to be obtained, the probability of obtaining it, and the inconvenience and expence attending it. The avowed object of progressing in the war th t has been undertaken, for which these men are proposed to be raised, is the conquest of the Canadas, and some say, all the British pos sessions in America. Of what probable value will the Canadas be to the U. S. should we suc ceed in conquering them D» we want more land We now have within the country, over which the constitution was intended to give jurisdistion, many millions of acres, as yet un trodden by the foot of civilized man. Do we want a conquered people, that cannot be kept ii subjection without a permanent regular ar my Or, is it intended, when conquered, to embrace them as fellow citizens The C na dians are British subjects, they have British prejudices, ai d are attached to the British gov ernment and shall we be willing that they should have an hand in governing us, and there by increase the British influence among us, said to be too great already I think not. The condition of our country must be vastly more happy without holding them, either as con quered provinces, or taking them into any con nection with us. They wish not to injure us— we ought not to injure them. But what is the probability of our speedily effecting this mighty conquest if we could anticipate any great bene fit or advantage from it Our past attempts aflbrd little encouragement as to the future. Our troops, though they might be valient in a better cause, have given little evidence of their zeal in this. Experience has, indeed, establish ed the fact, that it is no easy task to conquer any people de'ermined to defend themselves, unless recourse is had to those intrigues which we condemn in other nations. It is true, that this very country has been once conquered but at that time it contained but a small proportion of inhabitants to what it now does and it may be well recollected, that that conquest was not ef fected till after a severe struggle of a number of years continuance, by the people then innab iting the territory now constituting the U. S. aided by the land and naval forces of G. Britain, with a man at their head vho, for that very ex ploit, then thought almot. miraculous, has been celebrated in song from that day to this. But although it may be admitted possible, that with many and great difficulties, the loss of much blood, and the expence of much treasure, such a conquest may be made provided the whole physical strength of the U. S. could at once be pointed to that object.; yet the pros pect is still dubious for a union in such an enterprize cannot, at present take place: and the reason is plain—it is because the people cannot be made to believe it an object worth their pursuit. The gentlemen who are the ad vocates of this war, are constantly complaining of a want of union among the people in its prose cution, and calling upon us to unite with them but this cannot be without the sacrifice of prin ciple, which we ought to hold more valuable than both Canadas. Nor can the people be ever induced to make this conquest an object with them, as long- as they are permitted to think, and speak, and act for themselves and how long that will be, is known only to Him who holds the destinies of nations in his hands, to whose all-seeing eye the past and the future are equally open. But however alarming may be the prospect, and however confident we may be of accomplishing the design, it would have been wise in us before we began, and it will be wise in us now, before we further proceed in our at tempts to conquer those countries, well to con sider what will be the probable cost. And here I must request the aid of those that are more cu rious at computation than myself, to cast the mighty sum. If it be only 40 millions a year, as some gentlemen candidly suppose, and seven years in the operation, it will be 280,000,000; a sum that the whole people of the U. S. cannot at present pay, and the very interest of which must be an intolerable burden for many years to come. Of this they will be made sensible, when the tax gatherers shall be found knocking at the poor man’s door. And if the possession of the Canadas should be acquired, they cannot be retained to any valuable purpose to us, nor without ruin to the inhabitants, unless we cap also command the river St. Lawrence, their only outlet to the ocean and in order to this, we must also have New-Brunswick and Nova-Sco tia. The conquest of those has, indeed, been talked of (though somewhat faintly} as being within the view of the advocates of the war. The taking of Halifax may be a picture in the head of some,.but if attempted with our present means, will be found to be a pang in the hear; of many. The thing may be talked of pomp ously, it may be even recommended gravely, but after all, our-experience must despair of it ir retrievably. But if the possession of these Bri tish provinces be attainable, and if easily at tained, will this be likely to have the effect of inducing that government, against which we are conducting this war, to relinquish the claim re lating to the impressment of seamen which seems to be the great and, indeed, at present, the only point of dispute between us If not, then our wishes will not give us our wish, and success will only teach us to despair. Gentle men say that G. Bri ain, when moi*e depressed han she is now, when surrounded by a world in arms, would pay no attention to our rerrion st ances on that subject—And do we expect to coerce that nation into a compliance with our demands, by taking from her a little frozen, barren territory, which has been to her, as it mn«t be to us, if acquired, more expence in keeping it than any advantage that ever has been or ever can be derived from it. If we wish to establish and secure our rights upon the water, it is upon that element that we must be prepared to contend, if we contend at all. That a single native American citizen should be taken on board a British ship of war, and be there compelled to serve against his will, is much to be regretted; and that there have been such in stances, there cannot be a doubt—although I be lievo to be nwcli smaller than has generally been represented. But it being ac knowledged to be an evil, and a great evil, the question is, what is the proper remedy to be applied and, what remedy we are able to apply without increasing, rather than diminishing, the evil I The evil has grown out of circum stances beyond our eontroul. Before the war commenced between England and France, we had no complaints on this subject to make and probably never should have had, had it not been for the great similarity in language, com plexion, habits and manners, that exists be tween the English and American sailors; and had it not been that many of the former had come into our service. The British govern ment, although they always insisted on their right to the services of their own men in time of war, have never claimed ours, but have al ways expressed a willingness to release any that might be in their employ, that should be ascertained to be American. Hence, though the impressment of our seamen has been a subject of complaint under every admi nistration, it has always been considered, until the present unfortunate crisis, as a thing to be obviated by negociation rather than war. And if the passions excited by the revolution had not survived that struggle, and the calamities of that war had been forgotten when the sword was sheathed, there would, probably, have been mtich less difficulty in coming to an ami cable adjustment on this subject, than there has been. Indeed, if the treaty negociated by the present Secretary of State, in 1806, had been accepted and confirmed by the then Ex.cutive of the United Stats, we might have still remained a prosperous and happy people, and escaped all the calamities of the present war. Those, therefore, that delight in war, may bless the memory of that man but those that prefer peace, must execrate it forever. There are evils in the world, that arise out of the present unconnected s tate of human na ture, from which we cannot claim nor expect a total exemption. From the wars in Europe our country has derived great advantages—ad vantages that have been more than a balance for all the evils we have suffered from them. Was it then wise and prudent in us to cast this balance of good away, because we could not obtain an entire exemption from evil Or is it now wise in us to continue the war against England, because in seeking for their own men that have been taken on board our vessels, they may by mistake take and for some time detain some »f our’s, when it is certain that this will put in their power ten times as many whose release we shall be unable to procure till the war is ended Gentlemen, unreluctant at the destruction of the harmless Canadians, in order to impress on our minds thenecessity of a further progress in the war, have endeavored to awaken our sympathies by a recital of Indian barbarities. But however savage and barbarous when pro voked, it will be found on 'examination, that, that wretched portion of the human race are more sinned against than sinning.” They will leave us undisturbed if we do not disturb them. After all, if nothing else be sufficient to rouse the people to arms, it is said that our honor as a nation is at stake, and we must fight for that, and for that the patriotism of the coun try is to be put m requisition and tested There was a time when patriotism was a word of pleasing import, honor es charming sound; the one struck the imagination, and the other engaged the affections with a fond, a winning address. But these words seem now to have lost their original meaning, and having be come so tarnished by so frequently passing through the mouths of such, and so many, it is almost time to lay them aside as ineligant and obsolete. That principle, once known by the term of honor, is always within our own keeping. If we have lost it, it is a fault of our own, and not chargeable to the conduct of any other nation or government, and we cannot regain it by fighting; and if we have it and chuse to keep it, not even the great Napoleon himself can deprive us of it, notwithstanding he may see fit to publish to the world, as he has done, that we area people without just political views, without honesty, and without honor—that our independence is but a name, and Congress inferior to a Jamaica Assembly.” If we be true to ourselves and just to others, and act like a nation of Christians, we shall be honorable. Nor shall we give any very strong evidence of love to our country, by engaging in a contest, wherein the certain loss might far exceed the probable gain. The Committee on Foreign Relations have told us, that they are not of that sect that worship at the shrine of calculating avarice but unless we can procure something from that sect, with which to make a sacrifice at the shrine of ambition, the Deity who there presides will not look upon us with a very propitious eye. It is the palm and not the laurels that this nation wants. lam sensi ble that opposition to the present war is con sidered by some as evidence of a friendly dis position towards G. B. and hostility to our own country. But in this, gentlemen are mistaken. It is because I love my country that I hate the war. It is true, that many of the institutions and laws, that are of British origin, which have been adopted and practised upon in the U. S. and become part of our common law, cannot fail to' attract the admiration and approbatiph of every well informed and well disposed man —and if this be sufficient to denominate a Bri tish parlizan, then I am not unambitioas of the name. But having been born in this coun try, having lived in it from my birth, being able to trace up my ancestry in it, for more than a century, and having no connections abroad, in interest or affection, my views and my feelings are wholly American. Some gen tlemen have undertaken to state, that there is a party j n this country prejudiced against their own, and strongly in favor of the British Ad ministration. And to prove this, the Henry plot (so called) has been introduced into the discussion, as containing some very valuable discoveries, which, admitted to have cost fiftv th ousand dollars, are affirmed to be worth a million. Those communications, however, when thoroughly examined, are? not found to contain any thing very new, and of course one might suppose them not to be quite so valuable. For although it is therein stated, that the then administration was “a muddy commixture of folly, weakness, and duplicity assurance is given that the opposition party do not freely entertain the projeci of withdrawing the east ern states from the Union” But if indeed those discoveries were worth a million of dol lars, they -mere not -north the se-cr fee of a single truth by an honest man. The communication of them was made to Congress on the 9th of March iast, as having been received in a letter dated at Philadelphia, the 20th of Feb. last, notwithstanding it has been ascertained tha they were.bought and paid for as early a» the 11 th of the same month. I have never been made to believe, that there is any number of men in this country that wish or who would acquiesce in its subjection to G. Britain, nor indeed to France. Yet it is im possible for me wholly to exclude from my mind the belief that our Administration, either through fear, favor or affection, have been in some degree partial to the latter. As evidence of it, it is unnecessary, at present, to lo k any farther back than to the passage of the act of the 2d of May, 1810, from which, through a chain of events, the present war has resulted. That act invited, in a new form, a termination of the French edicts and the Bri tish orders in council against our neutral com merce; but it was unfortunately passed with out a full knowledge of our existing relations with the former at the time. The French Em peror on the 23d of March preceding, had made a decree, w’hich had not then been pub lished, and was to us wholly unknown, for the sequestration of all American properly found within his ports. This violent proceeding a gainst every principle of justice, having come to the knowledge of our government, the then Secretary of State, in his letter of the sth of June following, very properly directed Mr. Armstrong to inform the French government, that if the arrangement contemplated by the law should be acceptable, yet it was not the purpose of the President to proceed in giving it effect, in case the late seizure of the proper ty of the citizens of the U. States should have been followed by an absolute confiscation and restoration finally refused: and yet after being informed by Mr. Armstrong’s fetter of the 12th of September, that such restoration had been absolutely refused, he did proceed in giving effect to the war in favor of France. And in a letter of our Secretary to Mr. Armstrong of the sth of July, in the same year, he very humbly stales, that, if it should be necessary for you to meet, the question, whether the non iotercourse will be removed against G. Britain, in case she should not comprehend, in the re peal of her edicts, her blockades, which are not consistent with the laws of nations, you may, should it be found necessary, let it be understood, that a repeal of the illegal bloc kades of a date prior to the Berlin decree, namely, that of May 1806, will be included in the condition required of G. Britain,’ a thing not named in the arrangement made with Mr. Erskine, nor contemplated when the act of May was passed. He then goes on to say, in a strain still more humble, that with respect to bloc kades of a subsequent date, or not against France, you will press the reasonableness of leaving them, together with future blockades, not wai ranted by public law, to be proceeded against by the U. States, in the manner they may choose to adopt.” Now why ali this should be said, unless ’here be some secret understand ing, that nothing is to be done by our govern ment without the consent of that of France, even when the interest of France is not con cerned, it is difficult to determine. At any rate, we are now engaged in a war on the side of France against G. Britain, and the effect of it must be, if it has any effect at all, other than bringing ruin on ourselves, to increase the power of the former, and diminish or destroy that of the latter and thus we are to assist the great Napoleon, in whose hands a treaty is no more than a twist of rotten silk, in all his projects of ambition, To canton out the kingdoms of the earth, In frantic fits of visionary power, To sooth his pride, and bribe his fellow mad men.’ To this I cannot give my consent; but even at the hazard of the imputation of being a British partizan, I feel myself compelled to say, that 1 rejoice that there is still remaining on earth one nation, whose monarch has the power, and in the hearts of whose subjects, there is a disposition to set bounds to the o verwhelming influence of that man, who, like some proud river, that has left his banks, is threatening inundation to the world. My soul sickens at the thought of progressing in this war™l cannot, I will not vote tor this bill. CDebate to be continued.J WASHINGTON CITY. SATURDAY, FE B RUARY 13. The questions now pending between the two great parties in the country, and between the opposition and the ad ministration of the government, are so extremely clear, and so well under stood, as to need no illustration. Never before perhaps had any opposition s© narrow a ground to stand upon and in deed so situated are they as to be almost compelled, nolens aut "volens, to go with their government. No clearer proof need be adduced of the. embar rassment in which they find themselves, than the state of the vote in the House of Representatives, on the bill exclud ing foreign seamen from the armed vessels and merchant service of the U. States, about one-third of the gentle men understood to compose the oppo sition having voted for the 3d reading of the bill,&the remainder against it.lt now appears on record, that they are not the exclusive “Friends of Peace,” as they have assumed to be because a majority of them arrayed themselves in op position to a measure, the only effect of which, if it have any, must be, by taking from under Britain the ground she occupied on thequestion ofimpress ment, to compel her to surrender her infamous pretensions in that respect, and thus to accomplish an honorable peace. It may be said indeed, in jus tification of this vote, that no such ef fect will result from the adoption of such a measure. We agree, that it may not; nay, for ourselves we believe it will not. Then, reader^, the arro gance, the flagrant usurpations of Bri tain can no longer be defended by her self and her adherents and friends amongst us. She will falsify the pleas put in for her in this country, and there will no longer be any party but that of the country, no banner but that of the Union. The monsters who now essay their wily arts to entrap the people to their ruin, who appear to want only the daring to do the deed of mischief, will scuik back to their coverts, and wait for nightfall before again they venture out. The people, always correct when well informed, seeing the justice of our cause demonstrated in such a manner is to preclude deception, will rally round their government, and join heart and hand in its support. The plain truth then, is simply this: The measure which has now passed one branch of the Legislature, if it becojne a law, ought to be the means of produc ing an honorable peace, which i$ the wish and object of all good men. It has been repeatedly said in all the Fe deral prints, that such a measure is all that G. Britain couild ask. That very measure being proposed and many of the Federal party having opposed it, they stand confessedly the opponents of peace, and have done all that lay in their power, by a negative vote, to pro long the continuance of the war. If the measure do not, as many too fondly anticipate it will, produce an honorable peace, the hostility of Britain to our rights is admitted, even on Federal ground; and they are bound, in their own defence, and by their own showing, to support their government in a vigo rous prosecution of the war they oppose. These positions are demonstrably correct. The factious prints, however, as might be expected, finding them selves thus hemmed in, now attempt to open a way to creep out. Already have we seen in some half dozen of them, articles headed The case clearly stat ed,” or The true question,” or some such caption, having just about the same relation to the articles they intro duce, as the motto of a dauber of signs had to his subject, who, being request ed to re-paint a sign of a white bear i which had been defaced, and finding himself unequal to the task painted a horse, and wrote in large characters underneath, this is the sign of the white bear!” It is as much impossi ble that an enlightened people can be deceived by these artifices, as that the passenger should be taken in by the painter’s unlucky misnomer. When the honest yeomanry of our country are told that this war is carried on for the protection of foreign seamen, they can not fail to detect the unworthy trick, and, pointing to the act of their govern ment, explicitly disclaiming a right to the services of foreigners on board our vessels, to say, such has always been the disposition of our government, now only more decisively expressed because
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CHAMPAIGNE, CLARET BRANDY. 28 baskets, containing 50 bottles each, supe rior quality, sparkling White Champagne WINE 100 cases Medoe and St. Julian’s Claret, one dozen each 10 pipes old and choice quality Cogniac BRANDY 200 small boxes fresh PRUNES, best kind 100 hampers fresh SALAD OIL 300 bags fresh soft shelled ALMONDS Received from the late arrivals from Bor deaux, and for sale by WILLIAM NORRTS, Tea Dealer and Grocer, No. 66, Market street, Baltimore. Who has on hand, A choice assortment of Old Winbs Liquors and other Groceries by Wholesale lietail, with the privilege of being returned if not found as good as represented. Baltimore, February 9—7 t ME I) CA h COLL EG E LOTTERY, Now drawing in Baltimore. Twenty-thousand 7'ickets being d awn, and the following GRAND CAPITALS still j emaimng in the wheel: 2 prizes of 50 000 dollars 1 do of 20,000 do'lars 1 do of 10 000 dollars Besides FifYee^ of One Thousand Dollars each and a large proportion of5W, 200 100, de &c GAIN OF THE WHEEL Upwards of 28,000 Dollars Present price of Tn kets §2o—There being tut few Tickt ts remaining on hand, in order to give distant adventurers an opportunity of purchasing chances lor the So endid Frizes contained in this Unparalbllbd Schkmk The drawing is suspended until the 22d inst. when it will be resumed and will continue to draw One thousand hekets each week, as heretofore. rff Orders for Tickets from distant places, enclosing the Cash or Prize Tickets, (post paid) addressed to either of the subscribers will be promptly attended to, and the earliest intelligence toru arded of success. KEARNEY WHARTON, No 8, Southst. P. H. NICKLIN, 202 arket st. J J. COHEN, jun Medical College Lot tery-Office No. 110 Market st. Baitimon Baltimore February 9 5 PA TENT CANDLES. THE subscriber having obtained a Patent Bigal for the Improvement on Mould and D p candles, offers .he same now for sale to any pers< nor persons who wsh to undertake to erect a manufactory for the D strict of Co lumbia. The candles manufactured in the patent tight are hard, will never run, and re mam so during the heat of summer. i hey can be shipped to any climate, at any season oi the year, being equal to wax or spermacetti Cand es. Persons inclined to establish so useful and profitable a n.arufactory, wili please to cad on Mr. Bryan Hampson, Alexandria, or at Weiskopff and Keller’s, Georgetown, who will ^ive every iDtormation requisite* Ge^rg-e v. n, Feb. 9—St ~AN ALECTIC MAGAZIN E. Ab. 2, of the above work (heretofore published under the title of Select Reviews) is just received, by the Subscriber, 'at his Music and Book store, Pennsylvania avenue. He has a;so for sale, SARTO SEBASTIAR'O, or the Young Pro tector, in 3 voiumes, y 1 he author ot The Romance of the Pyrenees— —Price, in extra boards 2 Married Life, or Faults on all sides 2 vols. 2 25 Traits of Nature, by Miss Burney, 2 vols. 2 25 Temper, a i'ale, by Mrs. Opie, 2 vois. 200 Vivian and Emilie de Couianges, by Miss Edgeworth, 2 vols 2 00 The Scottish Adventurers, or the way to Rise, by l ector Mac Neil, Eq. 1 00 The Asylum, or Alonzo and Melissa, an American Tale, by J.Mitchell, 2 vols. 2 00 Memoirs of Prince Eugene of Savoy, writ ten by himself 1 12 Original Anecdotes of Peter the Great 1 00 Speeches of Lo.d Erskine, when at the bar 1 09 Clinton’s Historical Discourse 62 Campbell on Rhetoric 3 00 Stew" rt’s Philosophical Essays _ 2 75 Du;;ne’s Military Library, 2 vols. with plates 8 00 Military Dictionary 6 50 _ Hand Book for Infantry 1 25 Do. for Riflemen 1 ~5 Be has also a large collection of MODERN MUSIC, And has lately Received A Bassoon Clarion Violoncello Violins Flutes Clarionetts Oboes Drums, Fifes, &c. &c. W COOPER. February B—— SITUATION WANTED. A young Gentleman who his had a collegiate education, and can furnish suitable references of character and abilities, wishes for a situa tiou in a public School, or in a private family. A line aumessed to L. H. Washington city, and forw aided immediately, will receive due attention. February 9— JUST PUBLISHED, ALLEK’S MAP OF CANADA, accompanied er A PAMPH LE T, Describing that Country. Fer sale by oskph Milligan, Bookseller, Georgetown, (Goiumota,) Price three Dollars. This Map is adowed tu be one of the best de lineations oi the British Possessions in this count! y, winch has been yet offered to the public. They may also be had by application at the Book store and Lottery Office, Bridge street. February B—— FUR SaLE OK RENT, That excellent Hous occupied by Mr. Hamilton, (late secretary of the Navy). Possession can be given in a short time. Appiy to JOHN TAYLOE. January 12—taw4w PUBLIC SALE. PURSUANT to an order from the Orphan’s Court for Washington county, district of Columbia, will be sold at Public Auction, on Thursday 25th inst. if fair, if not, the next fair day, at the late residence of Abner Cloud, deceased: The following articles, A large quantity of well conditioned Tobacco in bulk, fit for packing and pressing Also some valuable Negroes, consisting of two young Men, two young Women and one Wo man and Child Two valuable Studs and six other Horses A Waggon, Cart and Harness Five Milch Cows Sixteen Hogs Fifteen barrels of Fish Between 5 600 bushels of Salt Three Seines, and three Boats and Fishing Tackle, complete Twenty-one hhds. and sundry empty Casks A quantity of Farming Utensils, Household E'urmture, &c too tedious to enumerate. Terms of sale or all sums of 20 dollars ans! under, cash all over 20 dollars a credit of six months, the purchasers to give their notes w th approved endorsers with interest from the day of sale. SUSANNA CLOUD,' Admx. EVERARD GEARY, Admr. JOHN'TRAVERS, Auctioneer. February 8 POCKET BOOKS. JOSEPH MILLIGAN Has just received a Large and Elegant assort ment of Ladies and Gentlemen’s plain and or namented POCKET BOOKS, Thread and Note Cases, Purses, dc All of which will be sold on the lowest terms for Cash Jan 14— THIS IS TO GIVE NOTICE, THAT that the subscribers of Prince Georges’ county, have obtained from the Orphan’s Court of said county, in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of Za doch Jenkins, late of said county, deceased; all persons having claims against the said de ceased are hereby warned to exhibit the same with the. vouchers thereof, to the subscribers at or before the twenty-fifth day of August next, they may otherwise by law he excluded from all benefit of said estate. Given under our hands this twenty-first day of January, eighteen hundred and thirteen ARCHIBALD JENKINS, Admr. ANN JENKINS, Admx. Jan. 26—w6r Maryland—Prince Georges county, to wit Application being made to me the subscriber in the recess of Prince Georges county court, as an associate judge of the first judicial dis trict of Maryland, by petition in writing o John Ball of Prince Georges county, praying for the benefit of the “Act for the relief o! sundry insolvent debtors” and the supplements thereto, on the terms mentioned in the said acts, a schedule of his property and a list o’ his creditors on oath, as far as he can ascer tain them being annexed to his petition, and the said John Ball having s tisfied me by com petent testimony that he has resided in the state o? Maryland two years immediately pre ceding the time of his application having also satisfied me that he is now in confinement for debt, and praying to be discharged therefrom. I do therefore order and adjudge that the said John Ball be discharged from his imprison men, and that by causing this order to be in serted in the National Intelligencer, weekly for three months successively before the first Monday in April next, give notice to his cre ditors to appear before Prince Georges county court on the first Monday in April next, to shew cause, if any they have, why the said John Ball should not have the benefit of the several acts as prayed; Given under my hand this sixth day of October 1812. DANIEL CLARKE. January 1 -w.3m Prince Georges county court, APRIL TBRM 1812. ON the application by petition in writing, of Joseph Po-well, Sen. of Prince Georges county, to the court for the benefit of the Act of Assembly passed at November session eighteen hundred and five, entitled “An act for the benefit of sundry insolvent debtors,” and the several supplements thereto a schedule of his property and a list of his creditors on oath as far as he can ascertain them, being annex ed to his said petition and the court being sa tisfied by competent testimony, that the said petitioner is a citizen of the state of Maryland, and that he hath resided therein the two last years preceding his application, and being also satisfied that the said .Joseph Powell, Sen. is now in actual confinement for debt, and the said petitioner having entered into bond with security for his appearance m this court on the first Monday in September next, then and the.e to answer such allegations as may be ex hibited against him by his creditors. It is th reupon ordered and adjudged that the said Joseph Powell, Sen. be disch rged from im prisonment and the said first Monday in Sep tember next is appointed for the said petitioner to deliver up his property, and to have a trus tee appointed for the benefit of his creditors, and it is ordered that the said Joseph Powell, Sen. by causing a copy of the aforegoing to be published once a week for three months successively in the National Intelligencer be fore the said first Monday in September nex give notice to his creditors to be and appear before this court on the said day to recom mend a trustee for their benefit. Test John Read Magruder, Ck. IT is ordered by the court at September Term, 1812, that the above order for publica tion be extended to the first day of April Term, eighteen hundred and thh teen. Test John Head Magruder, Ck. January 12—w. A p A CHEAP eAAIiOjT OF Miss Edgivnrth’s celebrated J\ ovel THE ABSENTEE, IS THIS DAY PUBLISHED, (Two volumes in one Price One Dollar) At WILLL.M GOOrcß’s MUSIC and BOOK-STORE, Pennsylvania -venue. QCj’For a character of the above Novel, see the fi st No. ot SELECT REVIEWS, A'ew Series edited by Mas king ton Irving, Esq Subscriptions for which work are received by W. COOPER, who has also for sale A PORTRAIT MRS. MADISON, Engraved uy n.DB JR, from a painting by STUART Large size, price live Dollars—Common size Four Dollars. W. COOPER has lately received considera- I bie additions to bis slock of MUwIC, de. SALE OF CITY LOTS FOR TAXES. WILL be exposed to public sale on Monday the 15th March, 1813, at the Council Cham ber, the following property, or such part there of (not less than a lot) as will be necessary to satisfy the corporation of Washington city for taxes due thereon, up to the year 1811, inclu sive, with costs and charges, unless previous ly paid to the subscriber. Amt. due. John Benson, sq. 374, lots No. 2,3, 4—§s 10. John B. Beall, sq. 490, lot No. 2—§s 98. W m.Brogden, sq. 608,10 t No. I—§6 24. John Craig, sq. 538 lots No. 5, 6 Benedict Calvert, sq. 610,10 t No. 13—§6 99. Martha Hall, sq. 606, lot No. B—§7 01. Wm. Kain, sq. 534, lot No. 17 18 19 20 21—§23 80. Sarah Porter, sq 258, lots No. 8 9 13 14— §23 12. Henry Thompson, sq. 290, lot No. 4 do. do. 348, do. 17 do. do. 457, do. 17— §35 31 Washington Tontine, in sq. 5, lots No. 2 4 23 24 26 do. sq. 6, lots No. 7 8 7 13 8 1245671718 12 3 12 17 3 12 13 14 15 16 28 5 6 28 29 12 3 30 12 6 31 1 2 8 10 14 .15 33 1 2 25 26 37 3 4 5 6 7 41 3 45 14 15 16 42 1 2 7 8 9 10 11 12 15 14 43 3 4 5 44 2 3 6 78 47 12 48 1 55 1 2 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 5 1 2 12 57 5 6 61 45 7 62 5 10 68 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 70 619 77 6 7 8 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 25 78 15 16 28 79 13 14 15 16 80 3 4 12 81 1 2 6 7 8 part 21 84 7 86 14 15 20 E 87 4 5 88 101115 E 88 13 102 7 8 9 104 part 1 S 104 5 6 105 15 119 6 125 whole 126 15 1617 1819 141 19 20 144 6 166 14 172 3 4 7 8 10 11 200 2 226 2 247 3 4 5 15 252 2 255 6 7 256 4 263 2 3 19 20 21 264 6 9 10 11 293 5 6 317 2 7 9 10 12 13 14 321 5 322 5 6 343 whole 344 2 45 6 374 15 16 17 18 19 20 403 1 4 5 8 9 12 404 3 4 5 6 7 409 6 427 7 10 11 428 2 3 4 5 6 453 8 910 11 121314 454 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 457 1 490 113 14 17 517 1 23 4 5 67 89 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 518 2 6 8 529 whole 530 do. 534 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 538 1 2 3 410 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 568 1 2 3 4 5 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 570 6 567 1 234 56 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 569 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 37 38 39 40 629 2 631 8 734 2 17 18 951 5 6 8 9 10 11 12— §1,174 47 Maximilian Haysler, whole of sq. 582—§112 78 Basil Waring, sq. 603, lot No. 13—§4 88. Sale to commence at 10 o’clock A. M. Terms Cash. EZEKIEL MACDANIEL, Col. 2d Ward. Sept. 15—w6m. CCZ The Laws of the District of Columbia authorise ALIENS to purchase and hold Land ed Property and every spec es of Ileal Estnte in the city and county of Washington in said District A CARD. Miss CHARLOTTE ANN TAYLOR will commence a FEMALE BOARDING-SCHOOL ACADEMY on Monday the 15th inst. At the House or General Pan jVess near the Pennsylvania Avenue, next to the General’s residence, where she will superintend the Edu cation oi such Young Ladies as she may be honored with the care oi. English, Reading, Writing and Arithmetic the French and Italian languages Dancing, Music, Fine Needle Work will be taugh as well as Geography.and the use of the Globes. The attention she will hold it her duty to give to the manners, and the morals of her pupus, she trusts will insure to her that high and re spec able patronage with which she is now honored. As it is Miss Taylor’s intention to procure the best Professors in the Arts the Point Accomplishments, she flatters herself w th the h' peof encouragement from a refined, a ge nerous and liberal community. The terms oi Tuition may be known on ap pLcatlon as above after Thursday ensuing. Feb. 9—ts SALE OF CITY LOTS FOR SALE. WILL be exposed to Public Sale on Saturday 2d day April, at the Council Jtamber, the following property, or such part thereof (not less than a lot) as will be necessary to satisfy the Cor poration of Washington City for Taxes due thereon up to the year 1811 inclu sive, with costs and charges, unless pre viously paid to the subscriber, viz. Dolls. Cts. Alleson, Robert sq 63 lot 7 3 58 Avidths, J B 107 5 3 38 Carmack, Daniel 40 9 11 12 13 11 24 Clark Samuel 74 14 2 20 Campbell. Hugh 39 2 882 Crawford, James junior 231 26 28 2 34 Camp, John 88 1 5 95 Duer, James 54 10 16 47 Davidson, Elias 80 16 7 99 Flick, Andrew 80 5 1 38 Feltwell, William 126 25 26 568 10 11 9 08 Gangaware, Michael 62 2 265 Goulding’s, Frederick hrs. 76 6 2 76 Goulding, Revd. Mr. 80 1 11 85 Goil, Henry 89 12 1 00 Goir, Christopher 105 1 1 90 Gilpin, Bernard 142 II 186 Geouges, Arnold 224 12 13 5 82 Haga, Jonathan 56 8 2 76 Hindmand William 43 2 60 1 83 3 120 6 665 9 21 00 Hackett, John 88 24 9 94 Holstien, George 81 16 17 20 40 Kirk, James 61 6 8 58 Klinger, Henry 80 6 19 75 Kesler, Daniel 81 11 2 40 Kruger. Lodowick 89 1 156 Link, Andrew 84 11 5 04 Matthias, John 60 4 6 32 M’Dade, John 81 9 10 82 Middart, John 84 14 1 38 Parry, Edwards 161 5 062 Reclimair, Aaron 61 2 2 04 Ragan, Daniel 88 16 4 97 Robinson, William 88 20 8 97 Robinson, Henry 184 i 7 i i 2 Reeder, George iO2 3 2 76 Reed, William 231 1 3 8 10 4 90 Ratcliff, Surah 19 24 166 8 9 iO Shaw, captain John 40 iO 122 23 i 43 i 9 20 i 9 08 Stoker, Michael 84 14 2 96 Smith, Amos 88 3 89 3 5 76 Swingle, George 88 7 89 7 9 97 Seybert, Philip 88 23 8 n Skinner, Edward i 22 12 12 55 Shippin, Thomas L 15-5 29 0 76 Stall, Henry i 44 7 8 07 Sutton, Robert 222 13 4 80 Tompton, Jacob 62 3 2 72 Tabbs, Barton i 26 27 076 Umhults, Henry i2O 5 12 55 Watson, Eliza and Josias W TO3 n I 18 Ward, James 49 i 2 3 580 whole N. of 580 part 878 14 3 32 Waugh, W and E i 22 6 6 69 Walker, Henry 143 9 i 2 78 Wayman’s, Charles heirs 196 8 9 li7 9 2l 03 Youman, Elias iO4 3 9 47 Wilzall, Fredk. 79 2 9 89 VanLibber, Abraham 2 2 i 72 17 18 ii 52 Taylor’s, Joseph heirs 222 9 8 48 Sale to commence at ten o’cock, a. m. Terms Cash. JOSEPH BRUMLEY, Collector of First Ward. Oct. I—w6m Iff The Laws of the District of Columbia authorise ALIENS to purchase and hold Land ed Property and every species of Rcul Estate in the city and county of Washington in said district. NOTICE. THIS is to give notice, that the subscriber of the city of Washington in the district of Co lumbia, hath obtained from the O p ans Court of Prince Georges county in the state of Mary and, tetters of administration on the personal estate of William Smith, late of Prince Georges county, deceased. All persons having claims against the said decased, are hereby warned to exhibit the same with the proper vouchers thereof, according to law, to the subscriber at or before the 27th day ol July next, or they may, (and will) otherwise by law be excluded from ail benefits of said estate. Given under my hand, this 27th day of Ja nuary 1813 ZEPHANIAH FARRELL. January 7—wbt ihe Beautiful imported Horse CHANCE, Will Stand the ensuing season at Mr. Ave ry’s stable at Belfield, Greenville county, Va He is a handsome bay oi great size, prettih marked, and was a true honest Racer. He is he sire of Gr makm, Speculator, Accident, Skad’s Colt, Chance, &c &c.— -dll good run ners Good accommodations tor mares, with pro per attention. Jan. 23—-w6t AN ACCOUNT OF LEE’s PATENT AND FAMILY MEDICINES, CELEBRATED FOR THE CURE OF MUST DISEASES TO WHICH THE HUMAN BODY IS LIABLE, PARTICULARLY WORMS, COUGHS W COLDS, Asthma, Consumption, Gout, Rheuma tism, Sprains, Palsy, HEAD ACHE, TOOTH ACHE, CORNS, Itch, Diseases of the Eyes, Ring Worms, Tetters, &c. Inward Weakness Nervous Disorders, Female Com plaints, Hooping Coughs. A sovereign remedy for Colds, obstinate- Coughs, Asthmas, Sore Throats, and approach ing Consumptions, and most disorders of the breast and lungs. A single trial will prove, that it restores (he determination of the fluids to the surface of the body, and brings on the com mon healthful perspiration; that it dislodges and evacuates the tough viscid phlegm or mu cus, strengthens the weakened vessels of the lungs, sheathes the acrimonious humor which irritates them, and tot ally discharges it. Thus str king at the root of the disorder, the symp toms are of course effectually and permanent ly conquered, ’he reverse of common medicines which weaken the constitution, and vigoi strength to the disorder, for the sake of mo deratirig for the present some of its painful eriects To Parents who have Children afflicted with the WHOOPING COUGH. This discovery is of the first magnitude, as it affords immediate relief, checks the pro gress, and in. a short time entirely removes the most cruel disorder to which children are liable The Elixir is so perfectly agreeable, 1 and the dose so small, that no difficulty arises in taking it. TOOTH-ACHE DROPS. The only remedy yet d scove. ed which gives immed ate and lasting relief in the most severe instances HAHN’s AN IT BILIOUS PH.LS, For the prevention and cure of Bilious and Ma lignant Fevers. The operation of these pills is perfectly mild, so as to be used by persons in every situation a, d of every age. They are excellently adapted to carry off su perflxous bile, and prevent its morbid secre tions restore and amend the appetite; to p oduce a free perspirstion, and thereby pre vent colds which are often of fatal conse quences. A dose never fails to remove a cold, i: taken on its first appearance. They are cele rated for removing habitual costiveness, sick ness at the stomach, and severe head aches, and ought t® be taken by all persons on a change of climate. HAMILTON’S WORM-DESTROYING LOZ ENGES. This medicine bears no analogy whatever to others of similar tide so commonly com* plained of aS operating with violence on the contrary, a prrticular excellence of this re medy is its being suited to every age and con stitution It contains nothing' ut what is per. fectly innocent, and is so mild in its operation, that it cannot injure the most delicate preg nant lady, or the tenderest infant of a week old, should no worms exist in the body; but will, without pain or griping, cleanse the sto mach and bowels of whatever is foul or of fensive, and thereby prevent the production of worms, and many fa al disorders HAMLTOt’s GRAND RESTORATIVE, It recommended as an invaluable medicine for the speedy relief and permanent cure of Nervous disorders, Consumptions, Lowness of Spirits, Loss of Appetite, Impurity of the Blood, Hysterical Affections, Inward Weaknesses, Violent Cramps in the Stomach and Back, Indigestion, Melancholy, Gou in the Stomach, Pains in the Limbs, Relaxations, Ue. The principal operation of this remedy is in the stomach, restoring the digestive pow ers, and sending forth from that organ new health and vigor into every part of the sys tem it enriches and purifies the blood with out inflaming it; braces, without stimulating too violently, the nervous system; strength ens the secretory vessels, and the general habit; brings back the muscular fibres to their natural and healthy tone; and restores that nutrition which immoderate ev cuations had destroyed, and whose loss had thrown the whole frame into languor and debility. HAMILTON’S GENUINE ESSENCE EX- TRACTS OF MUSTARD, A safe and effectual remedy for acute and chronic Rheumatism, Gout, Rheumatic Gout, Palsy, Lumbago, Numbness, White Swellings, Chilblains, Bruises, Sprains, Pain in the Face and Neck, &c. This valuable remedy is prepared both in a fluid state and in pills, and thus excellently adopted for external and internal use. ITCH CURED BY ONCE USING LEE’s SOVEiiIIGN OINTMENT. The proprietor informs those persons and families who are suffering under this disease (against the infection of which no person is safe) that it this ointment is used at night on going to bed, it never fails to perform a cure by the foil-swing morning, as thousands who have used it during the last ten years cau tes tify. The peculiar excellencies of this infal lible remedy for the Itch, over every other, are the certainty of a cure by a single ap plication the ingredients being so innocent as to be applied with perfect safety to the tenderest infant, and its being not only free from any offensive smell, but equally agree able with the pleasant pomatum. THE RESTORATIVE POWDER FOR THE TEETH AND GUMS. This excellent preparation comforts and strengthens the Gums, preserves the En.tmel from decay, and cleanses and whitens the ie th, absorbing all the acrimonious slime and foulness, which, suffered to accumulate, never fails to injure and finally ruin them. HAHN’s GENUINE EYE WATER, A sovereign remedy tor all diseases of the eyes, whether the effect of natural weakness or of accident HAHN’s GENUINE GERMAN CORN PL ISTER, A certain remedy for Corns, speedily remov ing them, root and branch, without giving pain. Sold, wholesale and retail, at Lee’s Patent and Family Medicine Store, No. 56, Maiden Lane, New-York And by appointment, sold by W. COOPER, Washington, January 7.