The Spectator 1860-05-19: Vol 33 Iss 1664

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ted late ynal ad- ited and ole {Ts ous Me XUM he Spectator FOR THE No. 1664.] WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, MAY 19, 1860, UNSTAMPED 64, Srampep.. 7d. Lerrers To tue Evrrorn— . = Weexk— ) 4 NP elitical Summary ecececscccccece 461 Landed Property in Bengal ...... 474 Proceedings in Parliament....... 462 Compensation to Pardoned Cri- a The Court ...--0eeeeeeeee ee 166 GRR is cccccccccccecceccocce 7 Metropolis . Booxs— Provincial. . Froude’s History of England ..... 475 Ireland ... ++ -. ++ aehalenanere leita 468 The Medical Knowledge of Shak- — —— LURE 469 MN. ia: coddunktenidaiangere re rapes tcseggetele aim i * dedi Castle Richmond ..............+.- 77 ee Waxx's Nuws— 47 Publications Received............ 477 Birthe, Marriages, and Deaths..... 471 _ Literary News,....+++esssseeeres 478 Topics or THE Day— TMBATAMS...ccccccecccccccvececees 479 Lords and Commons ............. 471 dinéconseccsanedesnectetdnes 479 Sir Charles Trevelyan............ 471 Fixe Arrs— A Question about Turkish Treaty The Royal Academy ............- 479 Rights ...ccsceccsecsecceseees 472 Monument to Blake.............. 480 A Few Words about Deans....... GB Beas. 0.0 ccccccccccccesescsencess 480 Letter-Carriers and the Post Office 473 Prices Current..........0+eeeeeeee8 480 73 Advertisements............0++: 481—483 The Hatch Case..........+0++00: 4 —————= ——— NEWS OF THE WEEK. “ Wuat will the Lords do?” is again a prominent political question. Lord Derby’s announcement that he will prevent the passing of the Paper-duty Abolition Bill—if he can, using Lord Monteagle’s notice of a hostile amendment as a base of opera- tions, has given rise to the discussion of a constitutional ques- tion, involving the rights and privileges of the House of Lords as a codrdinate branch of the Legislature. Few have contended that the Lords have not the right to reject a money bill. In- deed, it is seen at once that consent implies dissent in this case. There is an option. Just as the Crown may veto, so the Lords may reject a bill. But then, it is argued, they have not exer- cised the right for hundreds of years, that the Commons are dictators on the subject of taxation, and that for the Lords to reject a bill repealing taxes is contrary to the spirit of the con- stitution, as shown in Parliamentary practice. Mr. Bright has taken the stump against the Lords, and has declared it to be ‘insolent and impertinent” on their part to reject this bill. Mr. Bright’s advocacy of a cause is not likely to strengthen it, and part of the disfavour which has recently been shown towards the French treaty has been created by Mr. Bright’s indiscreet and violent speeches on foreign policy, and his fierce advocacy of the treaty and fierce onslaughts upon the gentlemen of Eng- land who do not agree with him, especially on the subject of national defence. Monday night will show whether Lord Derby will keep his pledge, or back out when the hour of trial comes, The Wine Licence Bill gave rise to another point of constitu- tional practice. Mr. Gladstone carried certain resolutions through Committee of Ways and Means, and, at the suggestion of Mr. Massey, Chairman of the Committee, who said it was right, they were reported to the House and embodied in the bill “‘ forthwith.” The usual course, never departed from but once, —during the mutiny at the Nore,—is to report such resolu- tions on another day. The irregularity was noticed by Mr. Bouverie, late Chairman of Committees, commented on by Mr. Disraeli, and finally rectified by Lord Palmerston, with great solemnity. The House has a right to transcend custom, but only on “ urgent occasion.” We agree with Lord Palmerston, that it is best to observe forms, and not depart from customs, except in cases of real emergency. The Wine Licence Bill is going through Committee, and will be improved by the process. It is supported by steady majorities. The Government of India has been a topic of debate in the Upper House. Lord Clanricarde finds great fault with the Le- gislative Council, and puts in a plea for representative institu- tions in India. Lord Ellenborough would take an opposite course—increase the power of the executive, and give the Gover- nor-General a sort of consultative council in which native gen- tlemen might find a place. It must be admitted that the present system finds favour nowhere, even the Duke of Argyll regarding it as unsatisfactory. Lord Ellenborough bestowed an eulogy on Sir Charles Trevelyan. Remembering how he himself had lost a seat in the Cabinet in consequence of the rash publication of a “* secret ” despatch, he feels naturally attracted towards the late Governor of Madras, who has committed a similar indiscretion. | of a minute condemning the scheme of an old rival, as the proud- est act of his life. There is now one more fox without a tail. Attempts in both Houses to come at thetruth about the gun- boats have elicited little information, but they have shown that | Parliament is determined to have out the whole matter in due time. The iniquity ought not to be hidden. It has been care- fully concealed throughout the autumn, winter, and spring. But now it is known that ships have been built with wood in sap and fastened together with short bolts, the Admiralty may depend upon it that the country and Parliament will insist on having out the facts. Pullinger has been sentenced to twenty years’ penal servitude. His offence was venal compared with that of the | wicked gunboat contractors. He only robbed a bank; they placed a nation in peril. The Lord-Advocate’s bill to abolish the Edinburgh Annuity- tax, and substitute a terminable arrangement, was opposed only by Mr. Hadfield, from a purely anti-state church point of view, passed a second reading. Mr, Cardwell’s so-called Tenant Right Bill does not make much headway, but sticks at the second read- ing. Mr. Gladstone has abandoned the bill, making changes in regard to the conveyance of newspapers by post—this is the first of the innocents. Two foolish questions were mooted on Tuesday. Lord Haddo wanted the House to prohibit the employment of women wholly unclothed as models in schools of art, but he only found thirty- two gentlemen who shared his peculiar fancies. Lord Lovaine made an attack on the South Eastern Railway Company, because the people who went to the prize-fight travelled by special train on that line. It turned out that Lord Lovaine was there him- self—* only a casual passenger,” he remarked, when the House smiled at the confession, His motion for papers elicited a capital speech from Lord Palmerston, who carried the House thoroughly with him. The complications on the continent are becoming more serious. War seems to be imminent; and at least some of the Powers appear to shrink from the only alternative—a Congress. With regard even to the Conference on Switzerland,—that poor in- stalment, which does but pay interest on the capital without disposing of the debt that Congress would wipe off, difficulties have been raised. Austria has represented—so it is said,—that Sardinia cannot be admitted, since Count Cavour has declared that she stands apart from the neutralization question, and she has no right to enter as ‘‘a Power.” Pending these protracted negotiations on the Swiss Confe- rence, which seems to have been deferred till the ides of March, Russia has proposed another Conference,—a meeting of the par- ties to the treaty of 1856, for the purpose of joining in a repre- sentation to the Sultan of Turkey on the oppressions still en- dured by the Christians in his dominions. The reports as to the movements of Russia,—the collection of an army on the Pruth, and the assembling of a fleet at Nicholaieff, appear to be nothing more than myths. It is a fact, however, that the Grand Duke Nicholas has arrived in Paris, and nobody can believe that he is laden with nothing but compliments. The proposed Conference appears to rest on something like official authority. Lord John Russell, it is said, has remonstrated through our Ambassador at St. Petersburg; but some doubt appears to exist as to the answer which Lord Palmerston’s Cabinet has given to the latest form of the Russian proposal for joint representations. The daily growing uneasiness is further illustrated by the fact that the Chamber of Deputies at Berlin has made a grant of 9,500,000 thalers, to enable the Government to place the Prus- sian army on a war footing. The vote was passed by a majority of 315 to 2; an important fact, since it shows how thoroughly German feeling goes with the Government of Prussia whenever it takes an aggressive position, whether towards Austria, Den- mark, or things in general. In closing the royal progress, through his new dominions, Victor Emmanuel hastened to Turin, in order to resume the helm in what what looks very like an approaching storm. It seems Possibly Lord Ellenborough thinks the publication of his despatch | that the Powers, from Russia Southwards, have remonstrated to Lord Canning the greatest act of his life; at all events, he is with the Sardinian Government against tolerating the expeditions convinced that Sir Charles Trevelyan will regard the publication | of Garibaldi. How far this disapproval is purely formal and

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462 THE SPECTATOR. [May 19, 1860. technical, it is impossible to judge; but it has evidently imposed some restraint upon Cavour’s Ministry, at the very time when the Chamber of Deputies in Turim is debating the treaty of March 24th, and making a complimentary cession of territory to Napoleon the Third. very incident, however, proves that the restraint comes too late; Victor Emmanuel could see this when at Parma he was saluted with a prophetic song, telling him ** La Corona in Campidoglio Tutto Italia ti dara,’’— the Crown of Italy, conferred in the Capitol being a prize for which a Prince of the House of Savoy, after ceding his patri- mony, might well venture something. The Legitimist party in Italy either cannot be kept quiet, or imagines that a new opportunity has come; for the reactionary disturbances at Florence, with cries for Leopold the Second, are only part of a more comprehensive movement not unconnected with the proceedings of Lamoriciére at Rome, or the wretched Government at Naples. Garibaldi, however, has landed in Sicily ; and his lieutenants are stirring up the Romans under the very eyes of Lamoriciére and of Naples, whose King trembles and has gone into retirement at Partici. Three per Cents, to debate the policy or impolicy of everything that eam make stocks rise or fall; @ formidable shape of monster Parliament or Wittenagemete ! Debates and Proceedings in Parliament, PRINCIPAL RUSINESS OF THE WEEK. House or Lorps. Monday, May 14. The Gun-boats; Lord Hardwicke’s Mo- tion—Selling and Hawking Goods on Sunday Bill committed—Consolidation of the Criminal Law ; Seven Bills read a third time and passed. Tuesday, May 15. Royal Assent to the Exchequer Bills (13,250,000/.) Bill, the Enclosure Bill, Marriages (England and Ireland) Bill, Dwellings for the Labouring Classes (Ireland) Bill; Pawnbrokers’ Act Amendment Bill—India; Lord Clan- ricarde’s Motion. House or Commons. Monday, May 14. Conveyance of Newspapers Bill ; withdrawn—Wine Licence Resolution; irregular proceedings— Refreshment Ilouses and Wine Licences Bill in committee—Nuisances Removal and Diseases Prevention Bill in committee. Tuesday, May 15. Russia and Turkey; Lord J. Russell’s answer to Mr. Locke —Recreation Grounds; Mr, Slaney’s Motion—Living Models; Lord Haddo’s Motion—Tolls; Mr. Aleock’s Motion—Gun-boats; Sir C. Napier’s Motion—The late Prize-fight; Lord Lovaine’s Motion—Improvement and Tenure of Land (Ireland) Bill; debate on second reading, adjourned—Landlord and Tenant (Lre- land) Biil read a second time. Wednesday, May 16. Annuity Tax Abolition Bill read a second time. Thursday, May 17. Sicilian Fund; Mr. Hennessy’s Complaints—Refreshment Houses and Wine Licences Bill committed—House adjourned till Monday. Tue SupscrirtTion For THE SIcILIANs, The latest advices from Hungary bear with increasing pressure upon the state of Italian affairs. A telegrapic despatch of May | the 15th announces that in an autograph letter the Emperor has made certain Protestant concessions to Hungary. It is an | ayowal that the pressure is successful ; although, from the brief account, we scarcely gather that the letter is calculated to satisfy the Hungarians, or to stop them. The events immediately pre- eeding this gracious act more than account for it. The six Hungarian noblemen who were to haye been included in the new General Council of the Empire have, without hesitation or di- versity of feeling, declined to accept the seats offered them. Amongst them are men of the greatest distinction. In Hungary, General Benedek has been communicating with those who truly represent the country ; and the opinion which he drew from them, without exception, was that unless the chartered rights of Hun- gary were fully conceded, the people would continue inflexible. There were even popular cries for Kossuth and Szechenyi. The very gradual manner in which this feeling has developed itself, | the time so fairly allowed for Austria to make her concessions, the unanimity, the perseverance, and the apparent absence of all reserve, are truly alarming manifestations of a deliberate national will, And it is stated, with great probability, that while ten- dering his resignation, General Benedek has made a report re- peating and confirming that of Baron Hiibner ; who retired from office rather than share the responsibility involved in overruling his advice to grant the claims of Hungary. Thus we see an increasing improbability that Austria will be in a position to support Sicily, Naples, or Rome. The public out of doors has been rather more active than usual this week; and we have had several rather conspicuous public meetings. One to support the Paper-duties Repeal Bill against its threatened rejection by the House of Lords; another to assert the claim of the working classes upon an extension of the franchise ; a third consisting of letter-carriers and sorters to declare their grievances in the General Post Office ; and a fourth, by proprietors of the East India Company, to maintain the exis- tence of their corporation for the future. The first of these meetings, unanimously adopted resolutions which involve the assertion that the rejection of the Paper-duty Repeal Bill is an act of “usurpation” on the part of the House of Lords, since the Peers undertook to maintain a tax which the Crown does not ask and the Commons abandon, Lord Derby having consented to receive a deputation, he will be engaged in | a debate at an earlier hour with the representatives of St. Mar- tin’s Hall, before plunging into the hazardous debates which he threatens in his own House. The demonstration on behalf of the working classes is practi- cally, though not avowedly, a support of Lord John Russell’s bill; and it also has its effect in enforcing the claim to an intel- ligence franchise. The letter-carriers complain of the Post Office authorities,—in a temperate manner, no doubt, but scarcely with solid grounds. Their real complaint is, that the class of labour which they undertake is too cheap for those who undertake it. The East India Company does not intend to expire without a struggle to maintain its own life. The Secretary of State, re- tiring from the palace in Leadenhall Street, the old Company proposes to take lodgings in its own ancient mansion, and to keep up its corporate life, at least until the debt be paid off by Government. We should regret to see the debates in Leadenhall Street finally extinguished ; though, since the stock of the East India Company has become little more than one among other public stocks, the precedent maintained in Leadenhall Street might almost be taken to justify a meeting of proprietors in the | scribed to a certain fund would be liable to legal proceedings ? The House of Commons adjourned on Thursday, until Monday, Friday being the Queen’s birthday. The motion for the adjournment was, as usual, seized as an opportunity for making speeches. Mr. Hennessy called attention to an answer recently given by the Solicitor-General touching the legality of subscriptions in aid of the Sicilians, whereby it appeared that the Solicitor-General had said such subscriptions were not illegal. Mr. Hennessy combatted this opinion, and cited Lord Lyndhurst and other authorities in support of the view that it is illegal to raise money in aid of subjects engaged in hostilities with their sovereign, he beimg at peace with England. Mr. Hennessy did not confine himself to the legal point, but launched out into denun- ciations of Garibaldi and some of his followers, one of whom, Zambian- chi, he said, was known as the “ Priest Slaughterer” ; and he wound up by accusing Lord John Russell of coming forward to sanction, almost enforce, a filibustering expedition. [This was an allusion to Lord John’s despatches to Mr. Elliott at Naples. } The Soricrror-GEenerRa said, he was asked whether persons who sub- By “legal proceedings,” he assumed “ criminal proceedings” were meant. He had meant to be precise in his answer :— **T considered the question to be that, if a person who should read this advertisement, and in his own mind approve the result to which it points, and, acting singly and individually, - y money into the hands of any of the recipients named—aye or no, is he liable to be indicted? My opinion was and is, that he is not My real intention in giving that answer was to express my opinion that an individual who by himself, of his own free will, paid a subscription of this sort would not, by the mere simple fact of his subscribing, render himself liable to an indictment. The question is whether that would be an indictable act. I am not prepared for one moment to ques- tion the doctrine—though the point is a very different one from that whieh the honourable gentleman has brought before the House—that persons en- gaged in a conspiracy to foment or excite insurrection in the States of a friendly Power would be liable to prosecution.” Mr. Wurrtestpe minutely questioned this version of the law, and in- sisted on the illegality of raising subscriptions in aid of the Sicilians, or any subjects of a power with whom we are at peace. Mr. Epwin James asked—** What clearer evidence can you have of the overt acts of a con- spiracy than the payment of money by one individual, and its receipt by another?” He had no doubt it was conspiracy. It was said the offence is not an offence against the Foreign Enlistment Act; and certainly it is not. ‘But, there is a question to which the Foreign Enlistment Act does apply, and I ask the honourable and learned Member for the King’s County to bring that forward on another occasion. (Loud and sustained cheering.) I allude to cireumstances to which the Foreign Enlistment Act expressly applies, to the case of parties who are now committing offences under that Act by carrying on the enlistment in Ireland of persons who are to be sent over to Rome, and there to join the army of General Lamoriciére. When the honourable and learned Member talks of the slaughter of priests, I think we may say with equal force, that the transmission of recruits to swell the foreign army which is to take part in the massacre of the Pope's subjects, comes equally within the provisions of the Foreign Enlistment Act. (Z7e- mendous cheer ing.) The Arrornry-GENnERAL admitted that these acts are contrary to the | policy of the common law. ** According to the common law of England, any subjects of the Queen who either directly or indirectly may supply money in aid of the revolt of subjects of any nation or Power with whom we are in alliance, commit an offence at common law. But, as I before had occasion to state, there isa very great difference and a long interval between the enunciation of that principle and the manner in which it is to be carried into execution, In proceedings of a criminal nature, or which are otherwise founded on any rule of common law, your only guide can be precedent and authority ; and those who speak most confidently on this branch of law would, I think, be quite unable to point out any case or decision in the books in which there has been any instance of a successful application of the general principle, in the shape of an indictment for this particular offence. Sir Hvcu Caurys and Mr. Bovii1 censured the Solicitor-General for giving a rash and inaccurate answer, and contended that subscriptions to subvert the Government of another state are illegal. ae [Here some interruptions occurred, other Members asking their little questions and getting their explanations. Then the debate went on. } Mr. Hore said that, according to the Attorney-General, we cannot enforce our laws on foreigners. ‘The ArrornEY-GENERAL rejoined— ‘* What I stated was simply this, that the common law is applicable to the subjects of England; but it has never been decided that mere foreigners resident in the country would come within the meaning of the words, ‘subjects of the Queen.’ The better opinion popes | is that any con- duct which in the subjects of the Queen would be entitlec conspiracy would in the case of foreigners receive the same designation ; but it 1s ditticult to say how far the rule is to be carried, for let me put this case. Suppose that a natural-born English subject sent 100,000/. to Garibaldi, undoubtedly I should consider that a misdemeanour at common law ; but suppose a Sicilian refugee gent the same sum, I should have no confidence in giving an opinion

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YIM May 19, 1860.] that that also would be a misdemvanour at common law. In the absence of decisions, the subject does not admit of a more decided opinion.” Mr. Monset1 defended the Pope and General Lamoriciére, and at- tacked Garibaldi and the foreign filibusters. Mr. Mattys wanted to know what Government intended to do? and the O'Donoghue repeated the question. Mr. Bernat Osnorne considered these subscriptions to be illegal. . . Lord Joun Russext declined to pledge the Government to any course. They were asked to prosecute persons who put advertisements in the papers. What evidence is there that those persons desired their names to be advertised as collectors of money to be expended in making war against the King of Sicily? He did not remember a case of successful rosecution of persons for subscribing to maintain insurrections. Lord John himself took part in such a proceeding in aid of the Grecks, and, certainly, was not imprisoned. « A movement such as that which Walker attempted in South America, when he sought to invade and to obtain possession of territory, with no higher object in view than his own selfish interests, is one case ; but a patriot fighting for the —eenanes of his country is quite another case. We know that our sympathies and the judgment of history will distinguish be- tween the cases of the filibuster and felon, and that of the hero and the atriot. We had once a great filibuster who landed in England in 1688. Le not only received considerable support, but all the people of England flocked around him. (“ Hear, hear !” and “ No!"’) That filibustering was successful. These are cases in which it is not sufficient to say that Garibaldi is a man fighting against a Sovereign whom he ought to respect, or that the Pope is endeavouring to maintain his authority by unlawful ex- edients. It is not enough to say these things in a glib and fluent manner. hese questions, whether taken as questions of law, or politics, or morals, require much examination before you can affix either moral blame or moral praise to those who are engaged in them. I certainly would not pledge the Government to undertake a prosecution in this case. Whenever we find that the plain law is openly outraged, it is our duty, undoubtedly, to see that it is enforced. That has been done frequently in cases of breach of the Foreign Enlistment Act, but even as to that statute we have found consi- derable difficulties in the way of our carrying it into effect. I will not bind myself by a general declaration of what is the common law, to prosecute those who are raising subscriptions to send money to Sicily.” Mr. Macvuine attacked Garibaldi and some of his followers, and de- nounced the Emperor Napoleon and Victor Emmanuel as two kingly robbers. Soon afterwards, the subject was allowed to drop. Tur Lanpine or Gartma.pt, In answer to a question from Mr. Osnorne, Lord Joun Russeny gave the substance of the information received respecting Garibaldi’s landing :— ‘“‘ My honourable friend has asked me a question respecting the landing of Garibaldi, and respecting two British ships which are said in certain telegrams to have protected the landing of these men. Now, I received today from the Admiralty the telegraphie despatch of the officer com- manding one of these vessels—the Intrepid. Honourable gentlemen should be informed that there is considerable British property at Marsala, and that from the time when a rising in Sicily was expected, and still more from the time when the report was circulated that Garibaldi was going there, applications have been made both to the Foreign Office and to Admiral Fanshawe, who commands in the Mediterranean, to send ships for the pro- tection of British property where British subjects were to be found. Admiral Fanshawe accordingly sent the Intrepid and the Argus to Marsala. The Intrepid arrived, | think, on the llth, but had not been there long THE SPECTATOR. | showed that refreshment-houses are entitled to be open « | of refreshment-lhouse ought not be opened, before two merchant steamers came in with Garibaldi’s force and began to | land it. While this was going on, two Neapolitan ships of war—a steamer and a frigate—approached Marsala; but this officer says that, althouga these ships might have fired upon the vessels and upon the men during their landing, they did not do so. Te does not say, not knowing anything of the story that has since been raised, that the English ships did not — the Neapolitan vessels from firing; but he says that, although they iad the opportunity of firing upon the vessels and the men, they did not do so. Ile says, moreover, that after the men had been landed, and the merchant steamers had disembarked all the troops of Garibaldi, the officer in command of the Neapolitan steamer came to him and asked him to send an English boat to take possession of those vessels. The English officer, Captain Marryatt, very properly declined to do so, He had no instructions which authorized him to take these vessels, or to take any part in those proceedings. His instructions were, as the conduct of the British Govern- ment has been, to observe perfect ne utrality in the conflict that is going on. Therefore, although this officer does not give a direct denial—not knowing anything of its existence—to the allegation that his ships, being anchored, prevented the fire of the Neapolitan vessels, we may infer from his account that such was not the case. It does appear that the Neapolitan captain asked him to recall from Marsala any of his officers who were on shore, and he immediately put up a signal for that purpose, and when his officers had come on board, tire was opened on the town of Marsala by the Neapolitan ships. That should be considered as an act of international courtesy on the part of the Neapolitan captain, but it does not at all imply that the English ships were in the way of his fire. It does not appear that the English officer in any way exceeded his duty. He was there for the pur- pose of protecting British interests, and he did no more.” Russia anp Tukey, Mr. Joun Locker, on Tuesday, put two questions to Lord John Rus- sell respecting the accuracy of recent public statements touching the re- lations of Russia and Turkey. Lord Joun Russeu. answered— 463 reported on a subsequent day. The House did not dissent from that course. But Mr. Bouveric pointed it out, and Mr, Disraeli took note of it. There is only one precedent for such a proceeding. That occurred during the mutiny at the Nore, when both Houses sct forms aside to expedite a measure, Urging the propriety of observing the usual forms of Parliament, Lord Palmerston moved that what was done on Thursday should be null and void, and that the resolutions should be reported on Tuesday night. Le also moved that it should be entered on the journals that notice had been taken of the fact, that on Thursday last a Committee of Ways and Means had agreed to a resolution which, contrary to the rule and practice of the Ilouse, was, without urgent occasion, ordered to be reported forthwith to the House, and was therefore reported and agreed to by the House. He put in the words “ without urgent occa- sion,” because, if such a case as that he had referred to—that of 1797— should occur in which the public interest required that the House should depart from the ordinary practice, they should be at liberty to do as they did then, Mr. Giapstone explained how far he was to blame for the irregularity, Ile came into the House on Thursday, and moved the resolution in the Committee of Ways and Means, having no idea that a resolution passed by the Committee could be received by the House on the same day. He had never heard of such a course, and believed it to be contrary to the practice of the Ilouse. But when the House went out of Committee, the Chairman of Ways and Means asked him, “ When will you have the resolution reported—will you have it reported forthwith?” He re- plied—* We can’t do that, can we?” The answer of Mr. Massey was— ** Oh, yes, you can.” He then supposed that there had been some al- teration made in the rules of the House, and said—* If it can be done forthwith it will be more convenient,” and thereupon made the motion, which was adopted without objection—his object being, of course, to reprint the bill with the money clauses as soon as possible, and place it as an entire measure in the view of the House. The resolutions were agreed to, and the House went into Committee on the bill; and discussed its clauses throughout the whole evening. On clause 24, prescribing the hours for opening and closing houses licensed to sell wine by retail, Mr. GLapstonr moved an amendment, in- tended to assimilate the law with respect to wine licences with the pre- sent law respecting beer-houses, so far as regarded the various arrange- ments as to opening and closing in places of different populations. Mr. Barnes moved the insertion of words to prevent the opening of “this new class of houses,” on “the Lord's Day.” Whatever may be the case in London, shops do not open in the country ; but if the bill passed competition would compel them to open, and the sanctity of ‘‘ the Lord’s Day"’ would not be preserved. This amendment was keenly disputed. Mr. Estcourt said the clause would be a fruitful source of disorder. Whereupon Mr. Ker Srymer asked why these new houses should not be open on Sunday during the hours beer-houses and gin- Mr. Joun Locker, reciting the statute of Charles IL, n Sunday. Mr. James said the amendment would give a monopoly to licensed victuallers He had no sympathy with that miserable hypocrisy which would permit the opening of the clubs on Sunday, while insisting upon a dreary asce- Alderman S,Lomons said a third species Mr. Vi.tiens said the coun- try ought to know about what they were dividing. It might go forth that those who voted against the lment were really promoting the desecration of the Sabbath and Sunday trading. But It was not proposed to prevent the opening of p ul ices are open, ticism among the lower orders. aimeh what was the proposition ? refreshment houses, nor to prevent publichouses selling wine, nor to prevent | persons sending to the publichouse for wine and drinking it elsewhere, so that a traveller might take a dozen of wine into a refreshment house, and | ] “‘ In answer to the first question put by the honourable and learned gen- | tleman, I have to state, that her Majesty's Government are not in possession of any intelligence to the effect that Russia has concentrated a considerabl army on the Pruth, or that the Ottoman Government has assembled a corps @armée at Widdin. But, with re pect to the second question, I have to state, that I received yesterday a despatch from Sir J. Crampton, her Ma- jesty’s Minister at St. Petersburg, which is very much to the effect stated by the honourable and learned gentleman. I may add, that I have also re- evived a despatch from her Majesty’s Ambassador at Paris, stating that h« had had a conversation with M. Thouvenel, who spoke to him on the sub- Ject, and said that, if any action was to take place, he was of opinion that it should not be an action by Russia alone, or by Russia and France united, but a combined action of the five great Powers.” Tue Wrve Licence Bux. Before the House resumed on Monday the consideration of the Re- reshment Houses and Wine Licence Billi in Committee, Lord Patuens- TON recalled attention to an irregularity which occurred on the preceding Thursday. On that evening, the House went into Committee of Ways and Means, and passed resolutions on which clauses were founded. Those resolutions were reported at once to the House instead of being | was negatived by 97 to 90. } snou Member for North Warwickshire difference in the the honourable Vhat wa do all the mischief which would prevent. (Chee s the desecration of the Sabbath between the traveller who gave money out of his pocket for wine and the traveller who found it charged in the bill? People could get ardent spirits to drink on Sunday. It was said, ** Do not let them go to re- 4 " : ’ ble house where they ean ¢ k wine, but let them go to places wher ard pirits are sold.” If with every sort of temptation which spirit and beer hous« ld hold out there was no country in the world whe re the if th peo} publichouses wanted to know Sabbath was so well observed as England, did not that look a were intelligent beings and good Christians who could without making brutes of themselves? (Cheers.) He where was the evidence of an increasing tender cy to desecrate the Sabbath. The honourable Member for North Warwickshire could carry his memory long way back, and he would be obliged to acknowledge that the people were more sober and decent, and that the Sabbath was better observed than for- merly. There was one way in which they could induce people not to go to drinking houses, and that was by allowing them innocent recreation. But the honourable member belonged to a party who would stop every steam- boat and shut up every railway on a Sunday rhe truth was, that sir people had been able to get into the country on Sunday there had been le drunkenness in large towns than there used to be. Ch Mr. Srooni uid he did not want to shut up plac f innocent re- creation on Sunday. The wore rational recreation there is, the m will the Sunday be properly enjoyed. On a division, the amendment was negatived by 117 to § The clause, amended by the insertion of words prohibiting the sale or : : 4, dase nofany arti 3, was agreed to, In nt adulteration, or to punish fer for sal fraud » whatever during th preseriul 26, prese ril consumptl refreshment | words were inserted to pr shall knowingly s diluted, or adulterated.” CiaUuse uses, any win ) rau niiy mixed, On clause 33, saving the rights of the Universities, 11 Vin :’ Company, and other bodies, Mr. Harpy moved to omit the words re- lating to the Vintners’ Company, whose privilege of setting up houses i The amendment, on a division, providing that the bill 1 Irish Members rose and t! brought great nuisance, On the ¢ extend to Scotland or Ireland, 8 one after another to demand its extension tu those Government gave an implied promise that special bills should b« in for that purpose. On clause 12, which had been postponed, there arose considerable de- bate. The Government propose to confer on the police magistrates the power of granting licences in London; and Mr. Ayrton, Mr. WaLtiame, Sir Witt1am Mixes, Mr, Newpucartr, reiterated the claims of the Mid- dlesex Magistrates, at least to object to licences. To them rallied Alder- man Satomons, Lord Joun Mannexs, Mr. Bync, and Mr, Hen ey. oe do without a licence 1s a clause hould teh wnotri countries,

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464 THE SPECTATOR. [May 19, 1860. Mr. Giapstone then promised to insert words carrying out the wish of the Committee; but Mr. Henry took exception to the conditions on which the magistrates were to exercise their power, and insisted on the necessity of a positive inquiry into character. He moved an amendment intended to give Mr. Gladstone an opportunity of recasting the whole clause. To this Mr. Grapsronr demurred, and on a division the amend- ment was negatived by 124 to 104. At this stage the Chairman reported progress. Again in Committee, on Thursday, the consideration of clause 12, re- lating to the mode of granting licences, was resumed, and the struggle against the bill was renewed, Mr. Ayrton, Mr. Heniery, and Mr. Ep- win James, taking conspicuous parts. Mr. James moved that the Ma- gistrates should have power to disallow licences on all or any of the unds on which they now refuse licences to public-houses. Mr. Tarpy and Mr. Ayrton supported the amendment; Mr. Guapstone, Mr. Ker Srymer, and Sir Joun Suey opposed it, and on a division it was negatived by 154 to 117. Some other changes were made, and the bill was ordered to be re- ported with amendments. Tue Irisn Lanp Burts. On the motion for the second reading of Mr, Cardwell’s Tenure and Im- ewer of the Land (Ireland) Bill, Sir Joun Waxtsu moved that the ill shbuld be a read a second time that day six months. Approving the principle of the first branch of the bill, which enabled a limited owner of an estate to charge the inheritance with an annuity to be applied to the improvement of the land, he objected strongly to the machinery for carrying it out. To the second portion of the measure, the leasing ‘ade of limited owners, he objected that the owner of the in- eritance was not sufficiently protected against fraud and chicanery. He looked upon long leases in Ireland, he said, with jealousy. With re- ference to the third or tenant-right portion of the bill, he argued that the relations of landlord and tenant in Ireland had greatly improved; that there was no intervening interest, and no reason now existed for any de- arture from the sound principles which should govern those relations. he improvement in the agriculture of {reland had become most marked ; it was now an agriculture of farmers, not of cottiers; and he recom- mended that a process which was working so beneficially should be let alone, and the relations of landlord and tenant left to adjust themselves. Mr. Macurire, Mr. Pottarp Urevuart, Mr. Dawson, and Mr. Scu.xy, supported the second reading ; but, while replying to Sir John Walsh, that his objections were either unfounded or made upon details, that a Committee could deal with, they all touched on portions of the measure in their eyes objectionable. Mr. Grorcr and Mr. Wurresipr criticised the bill, and predicted that it would never become law. Then the debate was adjourned. On the motion of Mr. Drasy, the Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) Bill was read a second time. This is a measure of law reform. Its object is to consolidate and amend the existing law. Annuity-Tax Brit. When the Lorp-Apvocate moved the second reading of the Annuity- tax Abolition Bill, he met with no Scotch opponent. Mr. Haprieip Member for Sheffield, was the opposition. He moved that the bill be read a second time that day six months, on the ground that the tax was objectionable per se. On the other hand, Mr. Cairn, Sir James Frr- évuson, Mr. Macxre, Mr. Brack, Major Hamitton, Sir T, Corenrooxe, Mr. Mure, and Mr. Buacknurn supported the second reading, reserving their right to suggest some alterations in committee. Accordingly, the bill was read a second time without a division. InptaAN AFFAIRS, The Marquis of CLanricarpEe moved for a despatch from Mr, E, TH. Lushington to the Commissioner of the Nuddea District relating to the treatment of Natives by European planters in India, and for the report of Mr. Reid to the Lieutenant-Goyernor, referred to in the above despatch, presented two petitions from certain natives in India, praying for legal reforms and for admission into higher offices of Government than are now open to them. The matters to which he particularly wished to call attention were the administration of Justice and the formation of the Legislative Council. The total absence of anything that deserved the name of an administration of justice in India was so notorious that the local courts had been described as terrors to honest and well-disposed persons, It was owing to the unsatis- factory state of these courts that the revent indigo riots had occurred in India, for, while on the one hand the ryots had in many instances been treated like slaves, the indigo planters, on the other, who had invested capital, deserved every protection. The trade in indigo was profitable enough to the planters, bat the natives were averse to its cultivation, as it was not very profitable to them, and yet they were ‘‘ compelled ”’ in some sort to enter into contracts for the production of a certain amount of indigo at a certain price. Both parties tried to overreach the other, and the result was that hardly a single contract was fairly carried out. Force was there- fore often resorted to by both sides, for, if the planters maltreated the natives in a way to which slaves were strangers, the natives attacked the factories and destroyed much property. He recounted the proceedings of the Government in reference to these disturbances, and condemned in the strongest terms the hastily-enacted law of the Government, whereby any man guilty of a breach of contract was declared guilty of a criminal offence. This Bad administration of justice, however, did not alone affect the poor ryot, but equally oppressed the highest zemindars and rajahs, and in some cases the grossest injustice had been committed by the Indian Government to obtain judgments in its favour. Passing from this subject to the Legis- lative Council, he spoke slightingly of it as a debating society, and declared | it incompetent to legislate for India asa whole. Convinced that our Indian empire was in very serious jeopardy, he said it is impossible to continue, as we have hitherto done, in a system by which the natives are excluded from the higher offices of every kind. There is no other example in history of any nation having been so ruled. Local Legislatures and local representa- tive Governments are absolutely necessary for the welfare of the people of India. The Earl of E:rennoroven also attacked the Legislative Council. He considered that the Governor-General and Council, in cases of emer- gency, should have the power of passing instanter any Act of Parliament, and that a consultative body would be a beneficial addition to the Go- vernor and his Council. To this consultative body a certain number of Native gentlemen should be admitted, as it is important that the feelings and prejudices of the inhabitants should be adequately represented, and not almost totally ignored, as at present. He could not concur with the strong denunciations of Lord Clanricarde against the planters, They are | as a class a beneficent body of men, and to them much of the improye- ment and prosperity of India is due. There are, of course, exceptions, but he believed that most of the cases of violence which have been brought against them are not chargeable against those who reside on their estates, but against men who speculate without any interest in the land, merely to obtain large interest on their own or on borrowed money, If, however, there were violence on one side, there is great fraud on the other. The complaint of both parties is that in case of violence, or in case of fraud, neither of them can obtain justice for sixteen months—a prac- tical denial of all justice. If the proposed Indian Income-tax were carried, he trusted some part of it would be expended in a better ad- ministration of justice. He thought that all disputes between planters and ryots should be settled by circuit judges, and suggested the appoint- ment of “protectors” to bring about a compromise between planters and ryots in cases of differences. Adverting to the conduct of Sir Charles Trevelyan, he passed a high eulo- gium on that officer, and said, Sir Charles would, to the last moment of his life, look back to the publication of his minute as the one he should be most proud of, ‘* because it was at the greatest personal sacrifice that he was enabled, as he thought, to do the greatest service to the country. I will only add, that his last public act, however indiscreet it may be, has raised his character in my opinion, instead of producing in my sentiments towards him any change derogatory to the high estimation in which I have hitherto held him.” The Duke of Ancyut said there would be no objection to produce the papers moved for, as soon as they arrived in this —-. He would not agree in the strong condemnation passed on the Legislative Council by Lord Ellenborough ; still, he thought its constitution was not so good as it might be, and that some changes might be requisite. He regretted, also, that he could not concur in the sentiment that Sir Charles Tre- velyan was justly entitled to the praise either of the House or of the Executive Government. The action of the Government in this case was based, not upon the ground of the merit or the demerit of Sir Charles Trevelyan’s particular views, but on the conviction of the absolute ne- cessity for upholding the authority of the Government of India, and en- forcing due submission on the part of its subordinates. Lord LyvepEN condemned the present constitution of the Council, and Lord Stantery of ALDERLEY presented a petition from Calcutta, praying that it might be altered. Tue Gunpoats, The Earl of Harpwicke moved for a return of all the vessels or gun- boats below 1000 tons burden built by contract since the year 1852, with the names and residences of the contractors of each vessel, showing at the same time the year of their construction, the price contracted for, together with their present condition as to seaworthiness. Incidentally, he condemned the practice of appointing as Surveyor of the Navy, now styled Controller of the Navy, officers, who are good seamen, but who know nothing of shipbuilding. The Duke of Somerset said there would be no objection to give the information required, but one part of it, that asking for an account of the seaworthiness of all these ships, could not be given, since a large number are in foreign seas—no fewer than twenty-four being in China. The at- tention of the Admiralty was attracted to the gunboats as soon as he en- tered office, and men had been employed upon them all last summer. Out of forty-five at Haslar, twenty-three have been thoroughly repaired, and six are in course of repair. e gunboats at work in China and in the coastguard are perfectly efficient, and therefore it is not correct to say no reliance can be placed on any of the gunboats. As to the fraud of cutting off the copper bolts, and driving in two short ends, instead of one bolt all through, he thought that must have been done by the work- men. The offence was the more flagrant, because the Admiralty sup- plied the copper in lengths. In some of the gunboats, green wood was used, and worse, not only green wood, but wood from which the sap had not been removed. That is a great fault, because the material used might easily have been ng prepared. As to the complaint that the Controller of the Navy is not a practical shipwright, the Duke said the question has been discussed over and over again. ‘* We have had shipbuilders as Surveyors of the Navy, and naval men have complained of them, that though they could build a ship they knew nothing about fitting it, and that the coma which they constructed were not suited to go to sea. Inthe last arrangement which has been made, the Admiralty took this course. They appointed a practical shipbuilder to attend to the construction of the hulls, a practical engineer to look after the machinery, and a naval man to act with them and to be guided by their advice. So far as I can learn, although, of course, great improvements may still be made, and I think naval architecture is making very rapid pro- gress, the ships which have been built under this system are very satisfac- tory.”” The Channel fleet, for instance, is composed of very efficient ships. ‘* The reason for changing the title of the Surveyor of the Navy to that of ‘Controller of the Navy’ is, to show that he is not actually a shipbuilder, but that he is to overlook the other two departments, and to bring the prac- tical knowledge of a seaman to the technical information of the shipbuilder and the scientific information of the engineer; and by the combination of the three to give to naval men the assurance that they will have placed under their command the best ships that can be constructed. It is impossible that any of these officers should give to the dockyards the practical inspec- tion which is necessary, and, therefore, I had intended to connect with the department of the Controller an officer who should visit the dockyards, see what is going on, and communicate with the Admiralty more readily than can be done under the existing system. The reason why I have ‘oe made no such appointment is, that a commission upon this subject has been moved for in another place ; and I thought that it would be better and more respectful to Parliament to wait for its report than at once to carry out my own idea.” Motion, as amended, agreed to. Sir Cuartes Naprer returned to the subject on Tuesday, and moved for returns. He vehemently asked why the names of those who built the defective gunboats, which had been constructed with short bolts, should be screened from censure. It is wicked to conceal their names. The House should insist on having their names at once. It might be a hard measure, but what sort of measure would the drowning of hundreds of men have been? How many of our gunboats are fit for service? The House might depend upon it all were defective. Lord CLanence Pacer said the Admiralty had no wish to screen any- body. Before the circumstances were made public in the newspapers- the Admiralty had taken measures to ascertain what power they had to prosecute contractors. It would be unfair to state the names of the gun- boats in which short bolts were found, and of their builders, The law, —an

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eaepeTt "ss . re i- ‘roan ce oe Sea ee oe & ~~ ewer & ‘we ra” 5S & ~~ XUM May 19, 1860.) THE SPECTATOR, 465 officers of the Crown had been consulted as to the propriety of prosecuting certain individuals. But to couple their names with fraud would be to condemn them without a hearing. If there is no legal case, then the Government will not — an inquiry by the House. Lord Lovarne said the question had not been put on a proper footing by the Secretary of the Admiralty. The House did not ask him to say whether the contractors were guilty or not, what they wanted was the simple facts. Mr. Bentinck also asked for information in a direct and official shape; and condemned the late Government for not adopting rompt measures to repair the gunboats which they knew were defective. {r Wurrareap and Mr. TayLoxr supported the views of Lord Clarence Paget. Sir Micuart Seymour gave the gunboats he had commanded in China an excellent character. Lord Patmerston said it was only a ques- tion of time. If Sir Charles would wait a few days, Lord Clarence Paget would be able to state whether there would be a prosecution. The returns asked for would not at present give the information required. Motion withdrawn. Tue Late Prize-Fient. Lord Lovatne moved for a correspondence between the Tome Office and the South Eastern Railway Company respecting the grant of a special train to convey persons to the late prize-fight. He condemned the company for launching 2000 or 3000 of the greatest ruffians in London in a quiet neighbourhood ; and seemed to consider that the di- rectors are liable to penalties as aiders and abettors in a breach of the ace. ao Patmerston had no objection to the motion, but he must pro- test against the sort of exaggerations in which Lord Lovaine had in- dulged. “He has described the railway launching 2000 or 3000 ruffians upon some quiet neighbourhood in a manner that might lead one to imagine the train conveyed a set of banditti to plunder, rack, and ravage the country, murder the people, and commit every sort of atrocity. I am not going to dispute the point that a fight between two men,—not a fight of enmity, but a trial of strength,—is, legally, a breach of the peace, and an act that ren- ders the parties liable to prosecution ; nor whether the persons who go to witness it are not, technically, involved in the charge. But, as far as they are concerned, they may conceive it to be a very harmless pursuit; some persons like what takes place; there may be a difference of opinion, as a matter of taste, whether it is a spectacle one would wish to see, or whether it is calculated to excite disgust. Some people look upon it as an exhibi- tion of manly courage, characteristic of the people of this country. I saw the other day a long extract from a French newspaper, describing this fight as a type of the national character for endurance, patience under suffering, of indomitable perseverance, in determined effort, and holding it up asa specimen of the manly and admirable qualities of the British race. All this is, of course, entirely a matter of opinion ; but really, setting aside the legal technicalities of the case, I do not pny why any number of persons, say 1000 if you please, who assemble to witness a prize-fight, are in their own persons more guilty of a breach of the peace than an equal number of persons who assemble to witness a balloon ascent. (Laughter.) There they stand, there is no breach of the peace; they go to see a sight, and when that sight is over they return, and no injury is done to any one. They only stand or sit on the grass to witness the performance, and as to the danger to those who perform themselves, I imagine the danger to life in the case of those who go up in balloons is certainly greater—(** hear !”” and laughter)— than that of two combatants who merely hit each other as hard as they can, but inflict no permanent injury upon each other, I think there is modera- tion in all things—moderation in all opinions ; and, although it may or may no tbe desirable that the law should be enforced—whatever the law may be —still I do not think any advantage is gained or good done either to public morals or public feeling by the sort of exaggerations in which the noble lord has indulged. At the same time, the motion is one to which I see no objec- tion, and therefore I do not oppose it.” Lord Lovarne rejoined, by granting that all who were present on the occasion in question were not ruffians, for some names had been men- tioned which were not unknown in that or the other House. But if the noble lord had gone down in the same train with these gentry—(Lord Palmerston made a gesture of surprise), Lord Lovaine could assure the noble lord that he went down only as a casual passenger— (loud laughter) —and did not find his fellow-trayellers the best company in the world. (Continued laughter.) Mr. V. Scutiy condemned prize-fighting. Mr. Witttam Ewart does not object to fighting with gloves on. (Laughte " Mr. Ciive defended the directors of the South-Eastern Railway. Sir Wim.1aM Jotirre con- demned the directors for encouraging prize-fighting, and enlarged on the difficulties of Magistrates. Colonel Dickson said Magistrates ought to know when to act and when to shut their eyes. He said Lord Palmer- ston was a political opponent, but if he has one attribute more than an- other which endcars him to his countrymen, it is his thoroughly English character and his love for every manly sport. (Cheers.) Mr. Pauw revived the old joke about Lord Palmerston being a “‘ bottle- holder.” Motion agreed to. Sanitary Rerorms. In Committee upon the Nuisances’ Removal and iseases’ Prevention Bill, Mr. Lowe explained the object of the measure, which was to carry out the intention of the laws that there should be in every place a local authority responsible for its health, the law as it at pre- sent stood being defective and unsatisfactory, and the authorities in some places ey organized, There are now many authorities. The bill retains three, all local :—the Local Board of Health, the Municipal Coun- cil, and the Commissioners for Local Improvements. All the Nuisances’ Removal Committees were also retained who had complied with the Act in regard to the appointment of a medical officer. The other authorities, who had shown themselves so incompetent for the task of local management, he had dismissed altogether, and had taken the guardians of the parish as a substitute. That body had always a medical officer in their employment who could be referred to when wanted, and having to relieve the poor were peculiarly fitted to conduct measures for the prevention of disease. Oppo- sition being displayed, Mr. Lowe gave way, and the chairman reported pro- gress Sunpay Traprvc. Some alterations were made in Lord Chelmsford’s Selling and Hawking Goods on Sunday Bill, in the Committee of the whole ouse to which it has been recommitted. In clause 2, providing penalties for the delivery of meat, fish, poultry after nine o'clock on Sunday, the word “ten” was substituted for nine, in order that the sellers of meat, &c., should not be more harshly dealt withthan the sellers of newspapers. Woprnovse made a stand for an exemption in favour of cigar shops, but was defeated. Lord Teynuam and Lord GRANVILLE were steady op- ponents, but the bill went through Committee. ee ee CoNVEYANCE OF NEWSPAPERS. This bill has been withdrawn by Mr. Giapstonr. He sees that there are grounds for an inquiry into the ques- tion of the postal privileges of newspapers. But Sir Rowland Hill, ‘‘ who has been the life and soul of the Post Office for twenty years,” is labouring under a severe illness, and has been compelled to obtain leave of absence for six months. There is, therefore, no alternative but to postpone the inquiry ; and as Sir Rowland Hill may not recover before the end of the session, Mr. Gladstone thinks it best to drop the bill. Inisu Recruits ror tur Pore. In answer to a question from Mr, Srevart, Mr. CaAnpWELt said it is illegal for any subjects of her Majesty to enter the military service of a foreign power without her Majesty's per- mission, The Government has had their attention directed to the attempts to enlist soldiers for the Pope in Ireland, and is prepared to take any mea- sures that may be necessary to prevent illegal proceedings. Livinec Moprts. Lord Happo moved “ That the exhibition in schools of art of females wholly unclothed ought not to receive the sanction of a yublic grant of money to the schools in which such practice is adopted.” others, he said, actually bargain for the exposure =f degradation of their children. The greatest artists of ancient times did not pursue such studies, and Mr, Westmacott has said the vicious practice is an injury to art. Even if it serve art the benefit does not outweigh the injury to public decency. Sir Georcr Lewis said the Government has never interfered with the regulations of any school. Art does not exercise a corrupting influence on the students. The ancient masters studied the human figure, both male and female. The retinement of the age might render the practice impos- sible, but he did not think the House should come to a vote on the subject. Mr. ApDERLEY opposed the motion. There is only one school of art where nude women sit as models—that of Manchester. An artist must study from life. The first lessons of an artist, in human portraiture were a study of the skeleton, then came the body clothed with its flesh and muscles, and last of all the living model. If the noble Lord thought that a study of the draped figures in these days of bustles and crinolines was the highest study of art in order to arrive at a true portraiture of the human figure, then Madame Tussaud must be nearest to the noble Lord’s beau ideal of a great artist. (‘ /écar !” and laughter.) 1t isnonsense to talk of the inde- eency of a practice, the object of which Lord Haddo did not understand. Mr, SPooNER was grieved to hear Mr, Adderley talk so. ‘ihe morals of the students must be injured, and the women degraded. ‘The practice be- sides is contrary to the word of God. Lord PALMFRsTON said the subject was not a proper one for Parliament- ary interference, To carry out his views, Lord Haddo should bring in a bill to make it penal for anyone, anywhere, to study the female form, Then what is the precise amount of clothing that would consist with Lord Haddo’s notions of propriety ? On a division, the motion was negatived by 147 to 32. Totus. Mr. ALcock moved that an address should be presented to the Queen praying that she would issue a Commission to inquire and report how far it would be practicable to abolish tolls on roads and bridges and substitute a rate for their maintenance. Sir Grorcr Lewis, in objecting to the motion, described the financial state of the turnpike trusts. The total revenue is 1,030,000/., or little less than it was in 1849. The cost of repairs is 611,000/., about the same that it was in 1849, The debt is in process of diminution. In 1843, it was 6,932,000/.; in 1857, it was 5,117,0007. The interest of the debt has decreased from 251,000/. to 175,000/. during the same period. If there were a general desire to abolish the system and resort to a rate, it could easily be done, and he would un- dertake to lay a bill on the table that day week, but he thought it would not meet with general assent. Pressed to a division, the motion was negatived by 78 to 12. Recreation Grounps. Mr. Straney moved, ‘That it is expedient her Majesty’s Government or Parliament should take steps to inquire how adequate open spaces in the vicinity of our increasing populous towns, as public walks and places of exercise and recreation, may best be provided and secured; and to encourage and direct efforts, by private subscriptions, voluntary rates, or public grants, to carry out such objects.” lle ente red into the question at great length. Sir Grorce Lewis, cheered by the House, declined to follow him, and contented himself with advancing facts to show that the inquiry is unnecessary, that protege must be pro- posed and paid for by local authorities and local rates and subscriptions ; and that various aets give facilities for doing what Mr. Slaney requires, The design of Mr. Slaney is praiseworthy, but it would not be advanced by adopting his resolution. Motion withdrawn. Tue Derny Day. Mr. James asked Lord Palmerston whether, as Wed- nesday the 23d was fixed for the celebration of our metropolitan circenses ludi, he intended to propose that the House should adjourn over that day? Lord Patmerston.—‘* I rather think one may say that an adjournment over the Derby Day would please the House, In fact, to adjourn over that day is part of the unwritten law of Parliament. (Cheers and laughter.) I am sure that her Majesty’s Government do not wish to ask the House to depart from so wholesome a custom. It has been usual to leave private Members to make the proposal, but I think that is not exactly the proper way; and I mean, therefore, to propose, on Tuesday, that the House should adjourn at its rising until Thursday, the 24th.” (Loud cheers.) MR. COBDEN AND THE FRENCH TREATY. [The following letter, addressed by Mr. Cobden to an intimate friend in Manchester, has been forwarded to the morning journals, and pub- lished by them on Thursday. ] “* Paris, 82, Rue De l'Université, May 12, “ My dear Sir—I will answer your inquiries as briefly as possible. * 1 am as strongly in favour of the principle of ad valorem duties as any one in Manchester. But nearly all the countries of Europe have, from mo- tives of convenience, or to avoid frauds, preferred specitic rates, and the French Government cannot be induced to take for its rule the ad valorem system. Nor, indeed, is it invariably desirable ; for instance, in the case of irun, and some other articles, the English roducer prefers _ ific rates, In goods of asimple and uniform nature, admitting of easy classification, such as yarns and plain cottons, though ad valorem uties would be prefer- able, the adoption of specific rates will not be attended with great inconve- nience. If there are other articles of eo mixed and varied a character as to defy classification, the treaty has made provision for dealing with them in an exceptional manner. ’ . “ England is really not in a position to dogmatize on this question. The French Government are of course aware that our own tariff hardly contains an ad valorem duty, and that even in recent years we have been engaged in substituting specific for ad valorem rates, At this moment, the wine- growers of Burgundy are holding meetings to protest against our specific duties on wine, which, owing to the alcoholic test, impose 50 per cent more duty on their common qualities, costing perhaps half-a-crown a gallon, than on the rarer kinds of claret, which are often worth more than five shil- lings a bottle in the cellars of the Gironde. My answer to these complaints is that the evil is inevitable, owing to the exigencies of our revenue system. The French Government lead, with equal good faith, the necessities of their customs service in defence of their specific duties.

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466 THE SPECTATOR. [May 19, 1860. “‘ With respect to your other inquiry, there is not the slightest founda- tion of truth for the reports in question, The commissioners now sitting in Paris are not engaged in correcting the imaginary blunders to which you refer. Wehave no more power than yourself to negotiate for the alter- ation of a word of the treaty. Our duties are ‘limited to the carrying out of the provisions of the 13th article in the manner contemplated from the first, and by the only mode in which it could have been accomplished. The task on which the Gounmaiesion has just entered will call for the exer- cise of much patient labour; and they who wish to pass a fair judgment on its conduct will wait for the result. Speaking only of the past, I will say that from the time when I was first brought into communication with the French Government, now more than six months since, to the present day, T have experienced from them nothing but frankness, straightforwardness, and good faith. They have never professed to carry out at once a free- trade policy to the advanced stage at which we have arrived in England. They are rather at the point of departure from which Mr, Huskisson started in 1825, with the great advantage of having had our experience to guide and encourage them, and of having to deal with protected interests very much in advance of ours of that time. The French Government has begun with the repeal of duties on raw materials, giving notice that after a cer- tain time the prohibitive system will cease, and foreign manufactures be admitted at revenue duties which will operate as a protection to home pro- ducers. This is precisely the course pursued by Mr. Huskisson, and we know with what happy consequences, “The French Government have entered upon this new commercial policy, not for the benefit of England, but from an enlightened appreciation of the advantages it will confer on the people of France; and were I to doubt the suecess of the experiment, or fear that they will not persevere in the career on which they have entered, 1 should be faithless to those prin- ciples, the application of which has conferred such incalculable advantages and blessings on my countrymen. The present treaty will inaugurate a new era in the commercial intercourse of France and England, and it will only require a few years to develop that state of mutual dependence which forms the solid basis for the peace and friendship of nations. **Can it be true that there are sinister influences at work in England to mar if possible this fair prospect? Ifso, I trust the mercantile, manufac- turing, mining, and trading interests of the country will prove true to themselves, for in the present case their interests are eminently those of humanity and civilization. Believe me, yours very truly, **Ricnarp Conpen.” Che Court. Tue Queen held a Court at Buckingham Palace, on Saturd-y, and a second on Tuesday. Senor Gutierrez, Minister from Honduras, and | Count Ludolf, Minister from Naples, had audience and presented their eredentials. Lord John Russell had an audience. On Tuesday, the Prince and Princess of Waldeck had audience of the Queen. A third Court was held on Thursday, when Count Platen, Swedish Minister, had an audience, and delivered a letter from his sovereign. On Wednesday, her Majesty gave a State Ball at Buckingham Palace, to which a large and distinguished company were invited. On Thursday the Queen and Prince Consort were present at her Majesty’s Theatre. From Saturday until Monday, Queen Victoria and the Prince Consort were at Aldershot ; and on Monday the Queen, on horseback, reviewed the troops and witnessed a sham fight on a large scale. The Prince of Wales visited the Queen on Wednesday, and returned to Oxford on Thursday. The list of guests at Buckingham Palace, includes the names of the Prince and the Princess of Leiningen, the Earl and Countess of Euston, | the Earl and Countess of Derby, the Earl and Countess of Hardwicke, Lord Eversley, Lord and Lady Bury, Lord and Lady Overstone, Lord and Lady Ebury, Licutenant-General Sir Henry Somerset, Colonel F. Seymour, C.B., and the Dean of Windsor. Che Metropolis, Alarmed by the symptoms of hostility to the repeal of the Paper Duty exhibited in the House of Lords, the leaders of the repeal movement called a meeting in St. Martin’s Hall on Tuesday. Mr, Sergeant Parry took the chair. There were seyen Members of Parliament present, Mr. Bright, Mr. Pease, Mr. Ingram, Mr. Lawson, Mr. Padmore, Mr. Coning- | ham, and Mr. Hadfield. The object of the meeting was “to protest against the usurpation proposed by Lord Derby to the House of Lords in the retention of the tax upon paper, independent of the House of Com- mons and the Crown.” This sentence is a key to much of the speaking. Sergeant Parry de- scribed the House of Lords as an anomaly in the constitution of a free eople. In a resolution, moved by Mr. Beal, the retention of the duties y the House of Lords was denounced as an usurpation, and the rejection of the repeal bill declared to be equivalent te the imposition of the duties by that House alone. Mr. Bright, supporting the resolution, dwelt upon the good effects of the repeal of the advertisement-duty and stamp-duty on newspapers ; and then went on to describe the paper-duty as a condemned tax, especially | recalling to recollection the fact that the motion of Sir William Miles on | the 12th of March, declaring the repeal of the duty to be inexpedient, had been negatived by 245 to 192. On the third reading, when no opposi- tion was expected, the bill was only carried by a majority of ten. Then he argued that the House of Commons has provided a substitute—the income-tax, which falls on the owners of property. Why is the great paper trade now to be put on the rack and submitted to Governmental | torture? ‘I know that in anticipation of the passing of the bill one manufacturer who had built a mill—others who were prepared to supply paper at 14/. per | ton less in price on the 16th of August, the day after the act was to come in foree—I know that other mills which have been abandoned for years are be- ginning to put on all the appearance of renewed industry ; and when I see all this—when I see that there will be better wages for the people—when I see that education, morality, and religion—that everything which the people should possess is in store for them—when I see publishers bringing out works in the full belief that a practice which has existed for 200 years would not be departed from, and that this question was virtually settled then I ask, why should the House of Peers, which has never meddled before, step in and dash the cup from the lips of a people anxious to satiate their thirst? (Loud cheers.) .... Now, have been very much abused for having said that the constitution of the people of England was difficult to find and difficult to get hold of ; that it was not like persons’ creeds, and was not set down in books like the constitutions of other nations. But this we do know, which all Englishmen must acknowledge to be the principle of } people. | charter. the constitution, that you are not to be taxed except by or through your re- presentatives in Parliament. (Cheers.) Whatever may be now or here- after the state of your representation, the constitution—and you must take it as you find it—says you shali not be taxed except by your re. presentatives, All bills relating to taxation, however small, whether they refer to tolls or taxes, must begin in the House of Commons. Whether a bill relates to property or customs tax, it must first make its appearance in the House of Commons; and when the Crown, through its responsible ad. visers, asks for supplies for the year, the House of Commons considers the whole subject, and is supposed to agree and give such a sum as igs necessary for the service of the Crown to be raised from the industry of the people. At the beginning of the session you read the Queen’s Speech, and many of you learn less than they expect from its perusal, But you will at least ton this, that the Queen says, ‘ The estimates which will be laid before them have been prepared ’—although I fear that is not always true—‘ with the greatest regard to economy.’ All this is said to the House of Commons, whose right and whose sole right itis to vote your money for the service of the Crown. . . . . Well, two bills, as I have said, were sent up to the House of Lords—the one for repealing the Paper- duties, and the other on the Income-tax, which was the substitute. The House of Lords had no objection to the Income-tax—and every one of you who has a hundred a year will find some of these days that it has some re- ference to your particular case—but then with regard to the bill for repeal- ing the Paper-duties, the Lords said, ‘ We will agree to put on the 10d. in- stead of the 9¢. Income-tax, but we will not agree to take off the Paper-tax, although the substitute has been specially provided for.’ This looks very like what some people call ‘a takein’—a fraud upon the people, and ve much like sharp practice on the House of Commons. (Laughter and chee oo | I consider it a most unjust and insolent proposition, that when the House of Lords had passed a substitute for the tax it should refuse to repeal the tax itself. (Cheers.) . ... What would liberty be in England, if an ir- responsible and hereditary House of Lords were permitted to rifle the pockets of a great and free nation. (Prolonged cheering.) I agree with what has been already said, that the constitution of this country—provided each branch has a due regard to the performance of its own functions—may afford to England a permanent freedom, and that we may be of all countries the longest free from turbulent and violent revolutions. What is it the House of Commons asks the House of Lords todo? To reject the bill for the repeal of Church-rates—to reject the bill for the repeal of the Paper- duties—to reject the bill for giving a very moderate extension of the fran- chise. I have said some things severe about the aristocracy, but I never laid upon them such labours as they are asked = pee at the bidding of a baflled minority in the House of Commons.”’ (Loud cheers.) He did not, however, believe that the Government would trifle with this question, or tamely surrender the great interests committed to its care. Butif they did so, then the Government was irretrievably lost—not by the ordinary fiat of a majority before which the Government can retire with a hope of some time returning to power, but with an amount of odium—he might almost say of execration, or at least of contempt and pity—which would render it impossible for those statesmen ever again to possess the confidence of the What would happen then? The old thing over again, he sup- Lord Derby in one House, Mr. Disraeli in the other; men in power who had no principle. (JIisses and cheers.) Wherever they seemed to be travelling, if they studied with minutest investigation the pages of their political Bradshaw, they would find that every line converged to one point, and that was Downing Street. (Cheers and hisses.) With such men in office, Parliamentary Reform would inevitably be postponed, and our foreign relations would, he feared, run great risk of embroilment. There could be no doubt that over Europe, if Lord Derby were to come into office now, there would pass a shudder of apprehension ; and, instead of the growin tranquillity for which they all hoped, and he trusted at times they prayed, there would be an increase of excitement gathering to terror, and he = not believe the peace of Europe would be worth twelve months’ pur- chase, pe sed. A special general mecting of the East India Company was held on Wednesday, Colonel Sykes in the chair. The object was to consider correspondence which has passed between the chairman and Sir Charles | Wood, relative to the future management of the affairs of the Company. According to the statements of Colonel Sykes and Mr. Crawshay, the Secretary of State for India was going to bring in a bill to remove the last vestige of power out of the hands of the Company, and to wipe out its very name, leaving it nothing but a nominal existence under the Mr. Crawshay had been informed that the Government did not like to see them meet, any more than they would the holders of the Three per Cents. Let the Government give them the same security as the holders of the Three per Cents, and they would not trouble them with their meetings. But so long as it remained the law of the land that they should be dependent solely upon the revenue of India, common sense taught them that they must keep themselves an organized body. A number of resolutions were passed hostile to the alleged intentions of the Government. The letter-carriers of the General Post Office held a meeting in St. Martin’s Hall on Monday, to set their grievances before the public. They complain of being overworked, badly worked, and underpaid ; that a memorial sent in by the men to the commission inquiring into the working of the Post Office has been unnoticed, even unacknowledged ; that promotion does not go by merit; and that the clothing supplied is bad. They condemn a practice of “ trap letters and detectives,” which | they allege against the system, and complain of tyranny in conducting business. They will go to the House of Commons if this appeal to the public fails. Westminster School is supposed to be in a bad way. It is smitten with decline. The vigour of its life is destroyed by Thames odours and cireumjacent disadvantages of a moral kind. ‘* Old Westminsters” grieve to see so famous 4 school dying away. On Wednesday, a consi- derable number, Dean Trench presiding, held a meeting in the Jerusalem Chamber, to consider the question. The remedies proposed were re- moval by many speakers, and the conversion of the school into a middle- class day-school by Lord Ebury. The latter remedy was fairly scouted by the meeting. * favour of removal were Lord Charles Russell, Lord — Secmate Mr. Marsh, M.P., the Dean of Christchurch, Dean Trench, the Head Master, and the Bishop of St. Asaph’s. Dr. Liddell, the Dean of Christ Church, said that, with regard to the removal of the school, he had a strong opinion :— He thought, considering the bad position of many of our public schools, Eton notoriously unhealthy, Winchester in a swamp, Harrow and Rugby without water, that it would be possible to find a position which shoul combine every advantage for the new St. Peter's College of Westminster, when transplanted to fresh soil; but of one thing he was convinced, that if

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xr Foe FF ee eras aS i a tn ee ti, Be i a ee ee aS TS CULL XUM THE SPECTATOR 467 May 19, 1860.] an angel from Heaven were to come down and undertake the charge of Westminster School, he would find it impossible to revive it on its present Sir James Graham, Sir David Dundas, the Duke of Richmond, and Lord Broughton pleaded hard for the religio loci, and the advantages of the present site; and it was agreed that the debate should be ad- journed in order that more distinguished old Westminsters should be consulted. The Royal Literary Fund is seventy-one years old, At its annual festival famous men are sure to gather, and help with their eloquence and position a good cause. This year the annual dinner was held on Wednesday. ‘The Bishop of St. ess Lord Stratford de Red- cliffe, Captain Sherrard Osborn, Mr. Joseph Napier, Mr. Monckton Milnes, and Mr. Motley were among the speakers. Dr. Thirlwall gave expression to an encouraging view of literature while pleading the cause of the Fund :— . . ‘He saw no sign of degeneracy or decay in our modern literature. We have no reason to be ashamed of the manner in which we are transmitting to our posterity the glorious intellectual heritage we had received from our forefathers. He was still more confident with regard to our language itself that it had not lost either in compass or in force through the hands which now used it. For that conviction he could quote an able and dispassionate authority. A few years ago in the Royal Academy of Berlin a most illus- trious German philologer recorded it as his deliberate opinion that the lan- g of Shakspeare was destined to become universal, and bear sway, like fie English race itself, in distant parts of the globe—that its copiousness, its compactness, and its good sense fitted it for that purpose in a higher degree than any other living tongue, that of his own German fatherland not ex- cepted. Our language has already, in great part, realized that prediction. It is now diffused over vast continents, and among communities who, at no remote period, would form flourishing States and mighty empires.” Mr. Motley again spoke up for an intimate union between the United States and England. He firmly believed that ere long an international copyright law between England and America would render the common- wealth of literature one and indivisible. The feeling in favour of legis- lative action on that subject was rapidly spreading among his country- men, Something over 700/. were subscribed at the table. The annual dinner in aid of the Artists Benevolent Fund took place on Saturday, Lord Stanley in the chair. About 600/. were subscribed during the evening. The annual dinner in aid of the funds of the Hospital for Consumption took place on Wednesday, Sir John Pakington in the chair. The insti- tution has been carrying on its beneficent work ; but it will be seen that it needs help. During the year preceding the past, 667 patients had been received into the hospital, while during the past year 972 had been admitted and many discharged in both years with favourable symptoms, if the disease in its insidious nature had not been entirely removed. The out-door patients in the year 1858 were 3,971. During the past year, they amounted to 4,647. The income derived from annual! subscriptions had increased from about 3000/. in the preceding year to 38322, during the past year, being an increase of fully 20 per cent. The donations had, however, fallen off in the sum of 1659/., making a deficit of 900/. in the total income. Upwards of 17227. were subscribed during the evening. The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals has awarded a gold medal, value twenty guineas, to Mr. Rarey, for conduct in lecturing on the treatment of horses to the London cabmen. At the annual dinner in aid of the treasury of St. Mary’s Hospital, Paddington, Mr. Byng in the chair, upwards of 1100/. were collected. The friends of the Workhouse Visiting held a conversazione at Willis’s Rooms on Tuesday. Lord Shaftesbury, Lord Lyttelton, the Bishop of London, Mr. Lake of Balliol College, Oxford, the Reverend J. Kemp, and other clergymen, took part in the proceedings. It appears that the society has sent 140 visitors to the metropolitan workhouses, and has worked successfully in Bradford and Liverpool. On Sunday last, the Reverend James Bonwell was served, in the vestry of the church, with a prohibition from the Bishop of London, ordering him not to continue to minister to the congregation of St. Philips’s, Stepney, during the proceedings now pending against him concerning the birth of a child in the school-room of the schools belonging to that chureh. The articles de- livered to him call upon him to appear and answer certain charges before acinginn, in the Ecclesiastical Court, at the instance of the Bishop cf ndon. After a trial of nearly five days at the Central Criminal Court, the ** Hatch Case’ terminated on Monday. Our readers will remember that Mary Eugenia Plummer was charged with wilful and corrupt perjury; her statements being the foundation of the criminal charges upon which the Reverend Mr. Hatch was arrested, tried, and convicted. On Monday, Baron Channell very impartially summed up. It was impossible to conceive a more important or extraordinary inquiry—there was contradiction upon contradiction, and he confessed that he felt utterly incapable of presenting to them any theory as to the probability of truth being on one side or the other. On the one hand, there was positive evidence of the guilt of Mr. Hatch, coming from young minds apparently without any motive. There was the evidence of the parents, who also certainly did not appear to have any motive for making a false accusation ; and on the other hand, the charge involved improbabilities of the most extraordinary character. They were asked to believe that a clergyman—a gentleman who appeared to have all his life borne a most irreproachable character,—had on the very first night a young girl was placed under his charge, committed an act of gross indecency towards her, and that on the following night he committed a still more atrocious act. Anything more startling or improbable could hardly be con- ceived ; but these facts had been positively spoken to. Still, however im- probable they might appear, such acts had undoubtedly been committed ; and the annals of courts of justice showed that men of high position and bearing an irreproachable character, acting under the influence of a diseased mind, had been ilty of such offences, and it was not therefore because the story was improbable alone that the jury should come to the conclusion that it was not true. He did not wish them to give too much effect to this obser- vation, his object merely was that they should not too hastily come toa conclusion, and allow their minds to becarried away by the mere improbability and extravagance of the charge, and the circumstances connected with it. It was certainly in Mr. Hatch’s favour that he had an opportunity of es- ¢caping the consequences of the accusation, if he would confess that he was guilty, and release the children from the imputation of having taken a false oath, and that he refused to do so. It also appeared that when Eugenia lummer was examined before the Magistrate at Wandsworth, she un- doubtedly said she did not like the Hatches, and that she told this tale to her mother in order that she might take her away, and this was a matter certainly for them to take into their serious consideration. It was rather a remarkable fact, that there did not appear to be any suggestion that Mr. Hatch had made any threats or promises to either of the children to induce them to be silent. ‘The younger child, Stephanie Plummer, swore distinctly that her mother used to take her to church every Sunday, whereas Mrs, Plummer said that she did not do so, and she gave a reason for not going with her children to church ; and he pointed out other contradictions in their testimony. Inreference to Mrs. Plummer, he said that she appeared to have suffered a great deal of anxiety on account of her children; and although her conduct in the witness-box was certainly very extraordinary, he thought the jury ought not to allow this to operate too much to her prejudice, and that they should weigh her evidence fairly and dispassionately, and allow it to have its due weight in influencing their decision, The Jury retired at a quarter to six, and returned a verdict at eight o’ clock of ‘‘guilty.”” The foreman of the jury at the same time handed to the learned judge a written paper, which his lordship directed to be read, It was in the following terms :—* We find the prisoner Mary Eugenia Plum- mer Guilty ; and while we recommend her to the utmost extent of mercy, we venture at the same time to express a hope that your lordship, if you have the power to do so, will direct that any imprisonment to which she may be subjected may be accompanied by a proper course of training and education, of which she has hitherto been deprived, and probably would still be de- prived at home.” In passing sentence, the Judge said the Court was desirous of dealing as leniently as possible with the prisoner, because her position as a perjurer was in a great measure to be attributed to her want of moral and religious education. He sentenced her to be imprisoned for three weeks, and to be sent for two years to a reformatory ae Pullinger came up to receive his sentence on Tuesday, Mr. Serimgeour, manager of the bank, appeared to give the Court further information, He only stated what every one knew, that the defalcations of the prisoner amounted in the gross to 263,000/., that the first defaleation took place in Jauuary 1855, and that Pullinger had been chief cashier five years. Before sentence was passed, the convict made this curious statement. ‘I wish to make a statement to the court to inform them what my conduct has been since the discovery of these frauds. ‘The moment the directors mentioned the suspicion that was entertained, I at once confessed that 1 was culpable, and gave them every information as to the extent of the frauds, and gave all the assistance in my power to realize securities for the benefit of the bank, Myself and my wife have also assigned everything we possessed in the world with the same object, and in order that as much restitution as pos- sible might be made. If it had not been for the bad faith of a broker who failed last year, I should have restored a much larger amount. From the first, it has been my determination to plead guilty; and, although my friends have endeavoured to dissuade me from doing so, I persisted in that determination. It has gone forth to the world that I had made up a purse for my wife, but it-is only due to her to say that from the first she = always urged me to make full restitution, and expressed her readiness to give up everything and retire to another land, upona small pittance allowed her by her own friends, and there hide her grief. {The prisoner here appeared to be a good deal affected.) Lf what I have just stated should be considered by your Lordship to afford any ground for mitigating the horrors of my imprisonment, I shall be deeply grateful ; but if your Lordship, like the bank, should feel that you can show me no mercy, I shall still bow cheerfully to your decision.” Baron Channell sentenced the convict to fourteen years’ penal servitude on the first charge to which he had pleaded guilty, and six on the second in all ¢wenty years’ penal servitude. The Judge added—* I have listened to the observations you have made to the Court, but I find nothing in them that ought to influence me; but if there is any matter that admits of verifi- cation, and which you consider entitles you to ask for any remission of your sentence, you must apply to the Sceretary of State for that purpose,” Pullinger appeared to be quite overwhelmed at the sentence, The Southwark Magistrate has remanded William John Dent and Mary Shaw, his niece, a girl nineteen years of age, and a mother, on a charge of being concerned in a robbery with Ann Dent, the man’s wife. This woman stole a cash-box from her mistress. She obtained the situation on the understanding that she was a single woman. She has not yet been — hended. But Mary Shaw, who lived with Dent as his wife, has been found in possession of property for which she cannot account. Dent said he did not * live’’ with his niece, but he was the father of her child. Mr. Combe said he was ‘‘a disgraceful fellow and not fit for the society of any human being.” One Raddon, a pipe-maker, is accused of murdering a woman with whom he lived, at Philip Street, Kingsland Road. There is reason to believe that the woman was killed while she was asleep. Raddon has disappeared. The body of Raddon has been found in the Regent's Canal. The man had tied his hands together before he leaped into the water. Elizabeth Jenkins, late housekeeper to Admiral Sir Charles Napier, has been committed for trial on a charge of embezzling moneys given to her by the Admiral to pay the bills of tradesmen. A curious accident occurred on the North London Railway on Wednesday. The engine drawing a train from Camden Town suddenly left the rails on the incline leading up to the Blackwall line, and rolled over, The carriages were dragged off the line and shattered; but no one, not even the driver stoker and guard, all in great danger, was severely hurt. There was no service at St, George’s-in-the-East on Sunday. The church was crowded. Some persons, unprovided with seats, sat down within the railings of the altar, where the choristers sit. As they would not retire, and as the chorisiers would not accept the seats used by the churchwardens, the service was not performed. Provincial. The Cotton Supply Association held its annual meeting at Manchester, on the 11th. Mr. Cheetham presided; and among the — were Mr. Bazley, Lord Alfred Churchill, and Mr. T. G. Baring, Under Secre- tary for India. Mr. Cheetham pointed out the capabilities of Africa and the East Indies, especially the latter, where labour is cheap, as cotton- growing countries :— 7a In India, we have those first elements of success which were wanting in many other countries. There is cheap and abundant labour, cotton is grown there already to a very considerable extent, and its export in the last twelve months was not less than 600,000 bales to Europe and 200,000 to China, The exports of the succeeding twelve months will probably be 1,000,000 bales. But our hopes of sufficient supply from that country depend on the abandonment of those antiquated and absurd principles which formerly ac- tuated the Government of Todia ; and we must aim at the advancement of

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468 THE SPECTATOR. [May 19, 1860. its population rather than additions to its territory. One of the measures that has been especially urged on the Government is the opening of the Godavery, which might perhaps be effected at an expense of less than half a million, so that from the heart of the country where cotton is grown not less than 1,000,000 bales per annum might be sent down that river, at a cost not greater than the American planter incurred on the Mississippi. The Association are very desirous of seeing the establishment of European agents in direct communication with the ryots, and has already done their best to distribute machinery and information among the native cultivators. At present, the supply is greatly impeded and injured by the intervention of the middle-men. “No doubt, from the result of the experiments which have been made, India is capable of growing cotton of the improved quality re- quired, as well as in sufficient quantity. From the report it appeared that the Association has expended 4000/7, in distributing seeds and machinery in various parts of the world. Lord Alfred Churchill moved, urging Government to give every encourage- ment to promote the growth of cotton in Africa, Australia, and the East and West Indies. In his speech Lord Alfred dwelt on the capabilities of Australia and Asia Minor. Mr. Baring seconded the resolution :— The question of cotton-supply is one to which the Indian Government are paying very careful and constant attention. It is ready to give every poner support that can be given to the objects of this association. Ac- cording to the best calculation that has been made, no less than 24,000,000 acres are now under cotton cultivation in India, and that the production is now something like 2,400,000,000 pounds of cotton. The mass of it, of course, is consumed in the rough native manufactures, and the export amounts only to about one-tenth. The native cultivators have shown themselves tolerably wide-awake to their own interests; and it will be found that there has been an increase or decrease of export in proportion to the rise or fall of price in this country. He quite agreed in the recom- mendation of European agents settling in India in order to direct this pro- ductive power in relicf of cur necessities. Respecting a point to which rather too much importance appeared to have Comm given, the facilities afforded to Europeans for the purchase of land in India, he believed that all over that country any gentleman wishing to take part in euch a speculation would no longer find any difficulty in obtaining such land as he might de- sire, though he would recommend great caution in ascertaining whether it could be cultivated to advantage. The navigation of the Godavery is al- ready open in some degree, and the removal of the first barrier was now in course of negotiation with the Nizam. He quite concurred in the opinion, that it was the duty of Government to give all reasonable aid to the exten- sion of communications in India, and he thought the attention given to this matter of the Godavery navigation, and the encouragement of railways, were evidences of an improved policy in that respect. A meeting has been held at Birmingham, bu‘ very scantily attended, to pass resolutions against the Paper-duties, and to express an opinion on the course to be pursued by Lord Derby. The mecting agreed :— “‘ That the practice which has prevailed in the House of Lords for nearly two centuries, of abstaining from interfering with any biils connected with the revenue or taxation of the country which have passed the House of Commons, is one which cannot be departed from without bringing the House of Lords into dangerous collision with the House which derives its authority from the direct vote of the people, and would be subversive of the sound constitutional principle that the representatives of the people shall alone exercise the power of imposing and remitting national taxes.” It has been decided that the assize business of the West Riding of Yorkshire, shall, henceforth, be conducted within the limits of the Riding. The Clerk of the Peace at Wakefield is now engaged in ascer- taining the opinions of the Magistrates on the question which shall be the Assize town—Wakefield or Leeds ? One of the members of a Liverpool firm was robbed in the strect of bills and securities worth 11,000/. They were taken from his pocket by an adept. Going to the police station, the victim found two detectives in search of adepts, and setting out with these they encountered and captured a well-known thief. In his pocket was found a registered letter. Sus- — this letter contained the bills, the detectives took the train for mdon, followed the postman who had charge of the letter, and apprehend- ing the man to whom it was addressed, found on him all the stolen securi- ties. Both thieves are in custody. IRELAND. The Irishjournals record the enlisting of recruits for the Pope, and their departure for Italy. It is said they are chiefly Phenix Club men. Some priests are accused of taking an active part as recruiting-sergeants. The Government of Ireland has published the following proclamation, moved thereto by the recruiting going on for the Papal army :— ** CAUTION—FOREIGN ENLISTMENT. * All persons concerned are hereby required to take notice that, by the —- of the Foreign Enlistment Act, 59 Geo. LII., see. 69, it is a mis- lemeanour, punishable by fine and imprisonment, for any subject of her Majesty, without her licence for that purpose, to obtain, to engage, or to go to any foreign place, with intent to enlist, or to enter himself to serve any foreign prince or potentate in any military capacity, although no money, pay; or reward, may have been actually paid to or received by such — or his use or benefit; and, further, that if any person whatever shall hire, retain, engage, or procure any person, or shall attempt or endeavour to hire, retain, engage, or procure any person whatever to enlist or to engage to en- list or serve or be employed as an officer, soldier, sailor, or marine, for or under or in aid of any foreign prince or potentate, or agree to go or embark from any part of her Majesty’s dominions for the purpose or with intent to be so enlisted, entered, engaged, or employed, whether any enlisting money, pay, or reward, shall have been or shall be actually given or received or not, such person or persons are to be deemed guilty of misdemeanour, punish- able by fine and imprisonment ; and, further, all masters of ships or vessels knowingly and willingly stowing on board such persons as aforesaid, are liable to a penalty of 50/. for every person so taken.—John L. O’Ferrall, Commissioner of Police, Metropolitan Police Office, Dublin Castle, 16th of May 1860,” Foreign aut Colonial. Ftautt.—Preceded by Baron Budberg, Russian Minister at Berlin, the Grand Duke Nicolas, arrived in Paris on Monday evening. On Tuesday, he was received at the Tuileries, and on Wednesday he dined there. Of course, neither he nor the diplomatist, who was inspired to hasten from Berlin to Paris, has any political mission. There is still talk of a conference. We are told that “in order to ar- range the question of the annexation of Sayoy, M. Thouvenel has added the following declaration to the programme which has been drawn up France on the subject of a Conference :—‘ For better preserving to the districts of Chablais and Faucigny, the character of neutrality stipulated by Article 92 of the Final Act of Vienna, France consents that the said districts shall remain without the line of the French Customs, and that they shall form a separate commercial zone under special regulations,’ ” The Swiss newspaper report that money had been offered to Switzerland by France to forego her demands respecting Savoy, turns out to be un. true. The Presse has been warned for stating a fact—that Napoleon fel] before the coalition, because the French people were disgusted with despotism. he Opinion Nationale had the audacity to open a subscription in aid of Garibaldi, but the Government stopped it at once. Petit, an ex- sergeant of the First Zouaves, Lamoriciére’s old regiment, now an artisan, offers 100 francs, and writes a letter to say that as a subsidy is sent from the Bourbonite Faubourg St. Germain to Lamoriciére, the Faubourg St. Antoine claims equal right to subsidize the hero of the French workmen’s preference. Why should not the St. Antoine men, he demands, be “ authorized” to enter the service of Garibaldi ? We are told on one side that a// the French troops in Italy are coming home as rapidly as possible, and on the other that the Ninety-ninth Regiment has been sent to “ do garrison duty" at Genoa. The promenades which were announced for the purpose of making ex- periments of various kinds in mancuvring the new rifled cannon, field- pieces, and howitzers, have commenced on the roads around Vincennes, and will continue as stated for about two months. Staly-—Some authentic details of Garibaldi’s venture into Sicily have come to hand. On the 6th, at break of day, officers sent by the general took possession of two steamers belonging to the Rubattino company, then lying off Genoa. The volunteers, old Chasseurs of the Alps, officers in retirement, nobles, artists, peasants, assembled on the beach, to the number it is said of 2000. Garibaldi, accompanied by his staff of patriots, passed them hastily in review, and ey said to them :-— You must bear in mind that we are going to embark in an expedition from which we shall perhaps never come back. Those who are not quite firm in their determination to follow me may yet stay and return to their fami- lies.” Not one of the noble fellows stirred, and the answer was—‘* Long live Garibaldi! Long live Sicily! Long live Victor Emmanuel!” They embarked, and sailed, Off the fort of Talamona, on the Roman frontier, they lay to and landed a party to obtain provisions, and, some say, to send a hundred resolute men thence into Umbria and the Abruzzi. Garibaldi issued an Order of the Day to his men, simple, eloquent, and to the purpose ; organized his little band into seven companies; and sent forth proclamations to the Sicilians, the Neapolitan soldiers, the people of Naples, and the Romans; calling on all to aid in the work of expell- ing the stranger. Further, he sent forth a proclamation to the Italians, It is as follows :— “‘Ttalians !—The Sicilians are fighting against the enemies of Italy and for Italy. ‘To help them with money, arms, and especially men, is the duty of every Italian, “The chief cause of the misfortunes of Italy has been disunion and the indifference one province showed for the fate of another. “The salvation of Italy dates from the day when the sons of the same soil hastened to the support of their brothers in danger. ‘* If we abandon the brave sons of Sicily to themselves, they will have to fight the mercenaries of the Bourbon as well as those of Austria, and of the priest who rules at Rome. ‘* Let the people of the free provinces raise their voices in favour of their brethren who are fighting—let them send their gencrous youth to where men are fighting for their country. ‘“* Let the Marches, Umbria, Sabine, the Roman Campagna, and the Nea- politan territory rise, so as to divide the enemy’s forces. “« If the cities do not offer a sufficient basis for insurrection, let the more resolute throw themselves into the open country. ‘“A brave man can always find a weapon. In the name of Heaven, hearken not to the voice of those who cram themselves at well-scrved tables. ‘*Let usarm. Let us fight for our brothers; tomorrow we can fight for ourselves. ** A handful of brave men, who have followed me in battles for our coun- try, are advancing with me to the rescue. Italy knows them; they always appear at the hour of danger. Brave and generous companions, they have devoted their lives to their country; they will shed their last drop of blood for it, seeking no other reward than that of a pure conscience. “ «Ttaly and Victor Emmanuel!’ that was our battle-cry when we crossed the Ticino; it will resound into the very depths of A&tna, ** As this prophetic battle-cry reéchoes from the hills of Italy to the Tar- peian Mount, the tottering throne of tyranny will fall to pieces, and the whole country will rise like one man. “To arms, then! Let us by one blow put an end to our chronic misfor- tunes. Let us show the world that this is truly the land once trodden by the great Roman race. G. GARIBALDI,” The arrival and landing of the expedition is graphically described in the following letter from a naval officer, written at Marsala, and pub- lished in the Globe :-— ‘While on shore today [the 11th], about 2.30 or 3 in the afternoon, we entered a café, In a few minutes, several fellows entered—some in red, others in plain clothes, all armed with muskets and bayonets. Every one around seeemed favourable to them. We at once asked what was the matter, and were told that it was a case of ‘ Viva Italia,’ and Garibaldi had landed. We immediately took a walk round the town, and found the soldiers (patriots) had possession. We wanted to go out towards the coun- try, but the officer in command, a oa fellow, told us we could not pass without an order from General Garibaldi. We therefore returned to the mole for the purpose of getting on board, and met more soldiers coming in. At the mole gate, we were again stopped, and there detained until a pass from the General was procured for us. On the mole we met fresh troops, who had disembarked with arms, ammunition, &c. We were in- formed that some two thousand had been thrown into the town, and that more would soon follow—the only thing they wished for being that they might meet the Neapolitans. They all appeared fine athletic fellows—just the sort to make short work of a dish of maccaroni. They landed from two steamers close under the noses of the Neapolitans, who, with two steamers and a sailing frigate, had been constantly watching the coast. The smallest of these vessels could easily have prevented the landing, but she was too cautious to attempt it. After the soldiers, however, were safe on shore, the Neapolitans closed in and fired on the town, or rather at a few stragglers on the mole—a mere waste of powder, for many of the shots fell short, and those that did reach terra firma merely ploughed up the earth that the enemy had passed over. There is no doubt whatever but that one, at least ,

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-t ewe £ + ™ YUM May 19, 1860.] THE SPECTATOR. 469 aribaldi’s vessels, particularly the rearmost, could have been cut off ; ayaa were afraid to try it on. After these had been abandoned by the Italians, they were taken possession of at 6.30 p.m. by the Neapolitans, who, however, displayed much hesitation, evidently deeming ‘ discretion the better part of valour,’ At this moment, as we are in the act of leaving for Malta, a steamer and frigate are opening on the town, but the fire receives no return. Whether they have artillery or not, we are unable to state. We can only remark that we saw none. The people in the town received Garibaldi and his followers with open arms, appearing as if they had been long expecting them. At the time of the general's arrival, there were no Neapolitan troops in the town. Owing to the shallowness of the water, their large ships could not approach.” : The war ship that was at Marsala was the Intrepid. letters from Malta, that Garibaldi advanced at once into the country. Nine days have elapsed, and no further news has been received, y The Neapolitan Government can only tell us, that “ Garibaldi is in Sicily at the head of the filibusters. The royal troops are marching to meet them. No movement whatever has taken place in the provinces.” Then come rumours of insurrections in Calabria and the Abruzzi; and a report from | Naples that “‘ the Neapolitan soldiers are discouraged, as for thirty-eight days they have been fighting on the same ground.” Fugitives from Palermo arrive by the hundred at Naples. The royal troops are confined to the great towns. Even in Palermo the people made a demonstration on the 12th, shouting in the churches, “ Italy for Ever!” instead of the usual cry of “the Immaculate Virgin for ever!” A row in the streets ended in the death of six persons, killed by the police. In revenge four policemen were assassinated. The name of Garibaldi strikes terror into all classes at Naples, the troops not excepted. The King had betaken himself to Portici, and gathered his soldiers around him, such as had not been sent to Sicily. The Piedmontese Chamber of Deputies is engaged upon the Treaty of March 24. Count Cavour, in his preface to the bill, in order to re- move all sinister apprehensions, stated, ‘‘ That he was happy to inform the House that, according to the agreements already entered into by the two Governments, Sardinia will retain possession of the upper valleys of the Roya, the Tinea, and Vesubia, and likewise of the table lands, on the summits of the Greater and Lesser Mont Cenis, now belonging to the province of Maurienne.” A Turin letter in the Presse of May 12 states that the evacuation of Piedmont by the French troops appears to be suspended, and that the 99th Regiment has received orders to halt at Genoa, and to do “ gar- rison” duty there. Count Cavour has been busily engaged in receiving remonstrances from Canofari, the Neapolitan Minister, and Baron Talleyrand, the French Minister, and M. Thouvenel. He is said to have satisfied the two latter by saying he had done all he could to prevent the departure of Garibaldi, and had failed. General Lamoriciére is at Gubbio, where he has concentrated the Papal troops. ‘The King of Naples has lent the Pope five million seudi, and the Duchess of Parma sends the Holy Father eight guns, ‘“ Peter's pence” are in course of collection throughout Italy. A telegram from Florence, the 12th of May, says :— ** The garrison at Florence has been reinforced by troops, summoned by telegraph, from the frontier. The National Guard has been called out. Great agitation prevails. Several placards, bearing the inscriptions, * Fer- dinand for ever!’ * Our second Leopold for ever!’ have been posted up by some partisans of the ex-Grand Duke, to whom rumours attribute an inten- tion of attempting the recovery of his power, taking advantage of the agita- tion created by the expedition of Garibaldi.” RK u55i8.—A despatch from St. Petersburg, dated Monday, May 14, shows that Russia thinks it a good time to reopen the Eastern Question. It is as follows :— “ The principal members of the Diplomatic Corps, excepting the Minister for Turkey, were a few days ago convoked by Prince Gortschakoff, who de- clared to them that the position of the Christians in Turkey has become so intolerable that Russia is on the point of addressing strong representations to the Porte in favour of them, and hopes to obtain the support of the other Powers. “It is asserted that the journey of M. de Budberg to Paris, where he will replace Count Kisseleff as Ambassador of Russia, has brought about an understanding between France and Russia in reference to Asia Minor, where the agitation is continually increasing.” From ‘‘ Munich, Tuesday,” comes a report, said to based on “ reliable information,” that :— ** Russia has demanded a conference of the Great Powers to investigate the question whether Turkey has fulfilled the obligations undertaken by the treaty of 1856 in regard to the Christians in the Ottoman Empire.’ Then from St. Petersburg, Wednesday, May 16, we hear that :— “On the occasion of the communications made by Prince Gortschakoff to the Diplomatic Corps respecting the affairs of Turkey, the English ambas- sador, Sir John F, Crampton, immediately protested against the intentions declared by Russia.” It is remarkable that a telegram from Odessa, dated Tuesday, should tell us that :-— “The Russian Government has collected near Nicolaieff a great number of transport ships, among which are many merchant steamers,” From Paris come Apropos reports of anti-Christian demonstrations at Scutari, during the Bairam fétes. And the Morning Post furnishes the following explanatory note :— ** The representations to Turkey on the subject of the Christians in the East will not be made, as seems to be feared, by Russia alone, but collee- tively by all the great Powers interested. They will be firm, as well as just ; and, proceeding from the parties to the Treaty of Paris, they will not have the threatening character that might attach to the representations of a sin- gle great Power.” A later telegram from St. Petersburg, May 17th, says that “ on receipt of the communication made by Prince Gortschakoff to the diplomatic corps, the English Ambassador did not, as it was said, lodge a formal It is stated in | protest, but only received this communication under reserve by stating | that he intended to refer to his Government, in order to obtain instruc- tions upon the matter in question.” Gtrmany.—A despatch from Frankfort says that the probabilities of the meeting of a conference have diminished, the German powers being of opinion that it would not in any way influence French policy, nor arrange any real guarantee in fayour of Switzerland. The following are their reasons :— “‘ The annexation of Savoy to France having practically done away with the guarantee contained in article 92 of the final act of Vienna, that article could not form the basis of a conference. The cession of the littoral of the Lake of Geneva to Switzerland would not constitute any guarantee of military importance. It is not likely that at the conference the opposition of the Great Powers to the annexation of Savoy would be unanimous. Even if it were, France having accomplished the annexation, notwithstand- the opposition of public opinion in Europe, would also not be influenced by the opinion of the Great Powers, more especially as they have resolved upon acting with moderation, and without coercion towards France.” Austria is disinclined to admit Piedmont into the conference, ground- ing herself on a passage in a despatch from Count Cavour stating that Piedmont intended to remain apart from these disputes. Moreover, the Austrians allege that Piedmont is not a great Power. In the sitting of the Prussian Chamber of Deputics on Tuesday, the Government project for an extraordinary credit of 94 millions of thalers, with the amendment of the committee to add the words “ for temporarily placing the army upon a war footing,” has been agreed to by 315 against 2 votes. Mung ary.—The seven Hungarians, nominated to the Imperial Aus* trian Council of State, have refused to serve unless made acquainted with Austrian intentions towards Hungary. Baron Eétyés has had interviews with the Emperor and Count Rechberg. Benedek has proved more conciliatory in manner than was expected. Zsedenyi, and the curate Maday have been released from prison. The Protestants have remained firm. An amnesty is spoken of. A telegram from Pesth, May 16th, says :— ** An autograph letter of the Emperor is to be published tomorrow, allow- ing the constituted superintendents to assemble in converition in order to discuss the question of sending deputies to a general conference, and to make proposals for a synod. Free choice of superintendents and curates will be granted. The trials pending against Protestants have been suspended.” The Hungarians demand the old constitution as amended in 1848, and insist that Francis Joseph shall be crowned King of Hungary. $paint.—The Spaniards are welcoming home their African heroes, and shouting in the presence of the Queen, * Long live the Duke of Tetuan!” General Prim has published a declaration, stating that, not- withstanding the adhesion given by him to the general policy of Marshal 0’ Donnell, he neyerthcless intends to maintain a complete political in- dependence. It is said that the Madrid Government has received a despatch from Naples to the effect that the state of affairs there being precarious, the King has requested foreign intervention. Turk ey.—Now is the time for a good crop of reports from Constanti- nople. Vii Trieste, we hear that “the Marquis de Lavalette is said to be the bearer of a note demanding the carrying out of the Hatti-Hu- mayoun ; and that the Bulgarians have drawn up a monster petition, re- questing a complete separation from the orthodox Church.” Via Mar- seilles comes a report, that “ Disturbances have been suppressed in Thes- saly. The Greek Government has caused the leader of the movement to be arrested. Agitation prevails in the Epirus, General apprehension exists in all the provinces of the empire. The demands of the Servian deputation are increasing. Riza Pasha has again refused the office of Grand Vizier.” Gnitrd States.—Advices from New York to the 5th of May have been received. The Charleston Convention had broken up, without agreeing upon a candidate. Mr, Douglas had the largest number of votes; indeed, 100 more than ‘any other candidate, Next to him came Mr. Guthrie, of Kentucky, and Mr, Hunter, of Virginia. The cause of the disruption was the adoption of the ‘ platform ” reported by the minority of a com- mittee by 165 to 138, This was the more moderate platform. It de- clared that all questions of rights of property in States and Territories are judicial, and ought to be decided by the Supreme Court; that the United States ought to protect all its citizens, native and foreign, abroad and at home; that a railroad ought to be made to the Pacific; that Cuba ought to be acquired, but * on such terms as shall be honourable to our- selves and just to Spain”; and that State laws to defeat the Fugitive Slave Law are revolutionary. On the adoption of this report, the dele- gations from Alabama, Louisiana, South Carolina, Mississippi, Texas, Arkansas, and Florida, retired from the Convention, after filing protests with the clerk. Their departure was attended with great confusion and hooting. Delegates from other States, including New York, Delaware, Georgia, Virginia, joined the seceders, The Convention reassembles at Baltimore on the 18th of June. The seceders will meet at Richmond, Virginia, on the 11th of June. The newspapers are full of the prize-fight. Some of the articles are fair and unprejudiced, but others are very amusing specimens of ** bounce.” News from Vancouver's Island to the 29th of March, states that the English Government has practically adopted General Scott’s proposal for a joint occupation of San Juan, by sending there a detachment of Ma- rines, €hina —Intelligence from Hongkong to the 29th of March brings an authentic contradiction of the report that the Algerine and Dove had been sunk off the Peiho. The troops were gradually coming in from India, and preparations for a campaign were in progress. There is not a hint of suspicion that the war will be anticipated by concessions from the Chinese Emperor. Misrellanrons. A deputation, headed by Mr. Milner Gibson, and including a number of distinguished, scientific, naval, and commercial men, waited upon Lord Palmerston to ask assistance in surveying the line of a proposed electric telegraph to America by the North Atlantic. Mr. Crosske said the object with which the deputation had sought an interview wi his lordship, was to call his attention to the new route which had been proposed for effecting telegraphic communication between this country and America vid the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and Labrador ; and to ask the assistance of the Government in carrying out a complete survey and line of soundings along the proposed line. Colonel Shaffner, who has in a great measure surveyed the line, pointed it out on the ma) and gave ample explanations. Captain Allen Young concurred wit Colonel Shaffner in the opinion that the project is practicable. Sir Ed- ward Belcher and Mr, Pease supported the request for a survey. Lord

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470 THE SPECTATOR. [May 19, 1860.

Palmerston, who took great interest in the explanations, asked the depu- tation to give him in writing, with a detailed statement of the number of ships required, the route over which the survey was wished, and the time that would probably be occupied by the expedition. Some further explanations have been “ev “Tt is at present iu- tended that the European terminus shall be in the north of Scotland, whence the cable will be laid to the Faroe Islands, a distance of 230 miles, and thence to Iceland, a short length of 280 miles more. A land line then proceeds across part of Iceland to join the submarine cable on the western coast of that island, near or at the town of Reikiavik, whence the cable is intended to proceed direct to the southern end of Greenland, a distance of between 500 and 600 miles ; then, crossing by land lines from the eastern shore of Greenland to Julianshaab, a submerged line leads from that town to Hamilton’s Inlet, on the coast of Labrador, a distance of about 600 miles more. Short land lines then continue the whole to the shores of the St. Lawrence, and are there placed in junction with those that traverse the United States. The first part of this intended route from the north of Seot- land to the Faroe Islands presents no difficulties whatever. The depth is at no part supposed to exceed 300 fathoms, the bottom is soft sand, and, with the exception of a much-weakened portion of the Gulf Stream, there are no currents. From Faroe to Iceland the water is deeper, but the bottom is said to be good and level, and the lowness of the temperature is favourable to the insulation of the land lines across Iceland to Reikiavik. There is said to be no sea ice on either shore of Iceland at the points selected for landing, which could at all interfere with the shore ends of the cable. From Reikiavik to the southern end of Greenland is the longest sea stretch; the depths vary from 1000 to 1500 fathoms; and as far as has yet been learned from Aretic explorers, and the evidence of natives, no heavy ice is ever seen grounding in the bays selected as the landing-places. From the eastern shore of Greenland the line will be carried to Julianshaab, the seat of Government, and thence direct to Hamilton’s Inlet, a distance varying from 500 to 600 miles, according to points chosen for landing or departure. This is the deepest portion of the route, averaging from 1500 to 1200 fathoms. The peculiar nature of the bottom round Hamilton’s Inlet, it is said, prevents icebergs from proceeding along the shore, as it is proposed to carry the line under the lee, as it were, of a ledge of rocks that intercept the ice coming down from Davis and Hudson’s Straits.”’ The subject was discussed at the mecting of the Royal Geographical Society on Monday.

Mr. P. A. Taylor has forwarded 100/., and Sir Henry Hoare has sent 50/., in aid of the Sicilian Fund, Signor Saffi has published a letter in the newspapers, denying, on authority, the authenticity of the proclamation to the Sicilians which we | quoted last week. Sir Charles Barry, the eminent architect, died very suddenly on Saturday night. On the preceding day he was at his post at the great work of his life, the Palace of Westminster. He was sixty-five years of age at his death. Thus he dies before his work is done. The Dean of Westminster, on the application of the President of the Royal Institute of British Architects, has been pleased to grant permission that the remains of the late Sir Charles Barry, R.A., be interred in West- minster Abbey. ‘The funeral will take place on Tuesday next, at one o'clock precisely. Our obituary contains a record of the death of Byron’s widow. She was born in 1794, and was married to Byron in 1815, A co-heir of the barony of Wentworth, she became, in 1856, on the death of Lord Scarsdale, Baroness Wentworth by writ. Her daughter Ada, Lady Lovelace, died in 182. heodore Parker, the eminent American author, died at Florence, on the 16th of May. He passed away without pain, and conversed to the last, regretting only that he could not live to finish much work he longed to do. A report has reached Washington that Mr. Townsend Harris, the well- known and highly-esteemed American Consul-General at Japan, is dead.

The Prince Regent of Prussia will take up his residence at Babelsberg at the close of the sittings of the Diet. The Prince and Princess Frederic William will remove to their new palace at Potsdam on the 24th of May. Major-General Bell, recently Commander-in-chief in Jamaica, has come home. A large meeting was held on the eve of his embarkation to express sorrow at his departure. Rear-Admiral Milne, the new Commander on the West Indian station, bad arrived out on the 20th of April. The Count de Montemolin and his brother have arrived in Paris, The yacht Cassard, built for Prince Napoleon, is being prepared for sea at Cherbourg. ‘The Prince, it is said, intends visiting, in the Cassard, the sea- ports in Canada and in the United States. The Queen has purchased the picture of ‘ the Governess,’’ painted by Miss Osborn, and exhibited at the Royal Academy. It is said that some of the influential men of Manchester have proposed that Mr. Holman Hunt’s picture should be purchased for their New Free Art Gallery, and that 8000/7. should be subscribed by eight individuals re- siding in Manchester, with the view of offering that sum for the picture. Already three gentlemen have put down their names for the amount. A conversazione will take place on Thursday, 21st of June, at the South Kensington Museum, for the purpose of raising a fund for erecting the building for the Female School of Art, 1860. By the gracious permission of the Queen, the Koh-i-noor diamond, which has been re-cut since the Exhibition of 1851, will be exhibited, together with a collection of ancient and modern jewellery, which the council of the Fine Arts’ Club has kindly consented to provide for this occasion. The Marquis of Salisbury will libe- rally contribute the services of the band of the Hertfordshire Militia for the night. The admission will be by tickets only, which -“~ be obtained < any member of the committee of the Female School of Art, 37, Gower treet. Steps have been taken to reopen the Polytechnic Institution in Regent Street, and promise a successful issue. The new company has nearly com- pleted the subscription list. The return of the Registrar-General shows a better state of health in the metropolis. In the preceding five weeks, the deaths ranged from 1400 to 1200; they have now declined to 1110, or 73 below the estimated average. A woman, hawker of lace, died on door-steps in Woburn Place, in conse- quence of her stomach being pierced and heart wounded by a fish bone, two inches long, which she had swallowed. Don Gurlino, a priest, has been condemned by the Criminal Court of Turin to seven years’ imprisonment; a punishment disproportioned to his guilt. He was proved to have made use of the confessional as a means of seducing no fewer than thirty-three young women belonging to the respect- able classes! His crimes were discovered by an accident. A picture of a uliar kind was found in possession of a young girl. She confessed that urlino gave it to her, and had given similar pictures to others. Thirty- three girls testified agaiust the scoundrel.

POSTSCRIPT. SaTuRDAY Morning, The latest news from Sicily is of a nature to feed the excitement oc casioned by Garibaldi’s expedition. Our Paris correspondent reports ag follows :— “* Paris, Thursday evening, **Garibaldi’s safe landing and success in Sicily are now fully confirmed and if we may rely on the latest advices, the news that the enterprising patriot had reached the shore, have been sufficient to cause revolution movements in Calabria and in the Abruzzi, on the very limit of the Papal States. The events will now rapidly follow each other, and, as far as can be judged, the last hour of despotism is at hand in the kingdom of Sicily, though surely not without more bloodshed and desperate struggle. ‘ ** It was rumoured today that the French fleet had left Toulon for Sicily and that the Neapolitan ambassador at Turin had taken his passports’ There may be some appearance of truth in these rumours, though the former is not official, as no orders, I am assured, have yet been despatched, With reference to the latter, originated at the Bourse, it requires confirma- tion. **T need not repeat that the recent events have caused intense excite. ment here, a depression in the money market, and a general uncertainty ag to the issue of the complications now arising mainly from Garibaldi’s move- ments. Such feelings are natural enough under the circumstances, but need not be exaggerated us they are in some quarters, where a general con- flagration is announced, **'There are no grounds at present for such expectations ; whatever may be the ultimate result of Garibaldi’s proceedings, no exclusive intervention of one power is to take place in the affairs of Sicily, and if any be found necessary, we have every reason to hope that it will be concerted between the two maritime ng ses most directly interested in the question. “Very little light has been thrown of late on Lamoriciére’s movements, It is, however, expected that some plan of action has been adopted by the General. And the announcement of a reactionary movement in Florence, coincident with the departure of Garibaldi from Genoa, gives some apparent foundation to the rumour, that Lamoriciére is ready to take active steps to- wards the recovery of the Romagna, The events in the South, may how- ever suspend for awhile the execution of the plan. I may add, that Lamo- riciére has sent positive instructions to Paris, with a view to suspend the enlistment of French officers ‘ en retraite’ ; the number of which was in- creasing beyond the necessary proportion. ** The question d’Orient, which was not expected to make a fresh appear- ance before the settlement of the occidental difficulties, is again put on the ‘ tapis,’ and contributes to increase the general uneasiness, as many incline to see in the recent attitude of Russia, supposed to be backed by France, a new source of complication. The recent communications of Lord John Rus- sell on this subject in the House of Commons tend to lessen the apprehen- sions too easily felt among speculators and moneyed people. “Tn recent advices from Spain, the general amnesty is attributed to the difficulties which would have been caused to the Government by high per- sonages being implicated in Ortega’s conspiracy. Changes are announced among the religious and other dignitaries at the court; El Padre Cyrillo and the Nun Patrocinio will have, it is said, a residence assigned to them ; something equivalent to an exile. **Count de Montemolin, and his brother Fernando, have returned to London. Itis repeatedly asserted that their other brother, Don Juan, who has always Cabrera by his side, will shortly protest against the renun- | ciation of his eldest brother.

‘*The unsettled state of the affairs in South Italy does not prevent capitalists from looking to industrial schemes in that country. ‘**A fusion has just taken place between the companies who have obtained the concession of the Roman railways, The general contractor is again Senor Jose de Salamanca, whose connexion with Spanish, Portuguese, and American railways is already a public fact. ‘* The same capitalist, whose resources are said to have largely increased, owing to the disposal of the Pampeluna railway, and the successful sub- | scription of shares in the Portuguese contracts, has also recently invested in the enterprise of the Opéra Comique, of which he is now the sole commanditaire.”’ It is believed that the mere presence of Garibaldi has caused the royal troops to concentrate in Palermo and Messina. Indeed, the Globe Paris correspondent says the news is, “ that Messina is in the hands of the Sicilians—Syracuse is taken, and all the electric wires cut. Baron | Brenier has telegraphed for a French fleet in the Bay of Naples, an out- break being inevitable.” Then we hear that the Sardinian Government has ordered the Leghorn garrison to the Papal frontier, and has sent a reinforcement of 5000 men from Genoa into Tuscany by sea. It is stated that the French are to quit Rome immediately. The Austrians have ordered their war-ships in the Adriatic to steer for Sicily. An order of the day, published at Rome, orders all officers to recognize General Lamoriciére’s Chief of the Organization of the troops, but denies the commanders authority to obey any orders of General Lamoriciére, relative to the administration, which rest with the Ministry. What will the Government of Austria do next? The following tele- gram from Trieste, May 18th, would make one believe the Viennese Go- vernment capable of any folly :— ‘Tn consequence of orders received from Vienna, our central maritime government will in a few days address a circular to all foreign consuls re- specting the treatment of vessels belonging to any port of the Italian countries annexed to Piedmont. As regards merchant vessels belonging to a port of the former Sardinian monarchy, as it was constituted by the treaties of 1815, they will be admitted without difficulty to the ports of Austria under the Sardinian tricolour flag. Vessels, however, belonging to Tuscany, to the legations, or to any other country annexed to Piedmont, will have to strike the tricolour flag before entering an Austrian port, and may never hoist it during their stay in Austria. With the exception of this restriction, all these vessels will be at liberty to pursue their commercial operations, and will enjoy the same treatment as all other foreign flags which have been officially recognized,”

The State Ball on Wednesday was very numerously attended, though not quite so crowded as some within recollection, And the half-mourning somewhat dimmed the splendour. Perhaps it was the abatement of the colours and jewellery, however, which made | imagine that the show of beauty was more —— than ever. The Queen, who danced often, was thought to look very well, and very youthful.

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weer "Ow PSUR Tt —n OW YVIIM May 19, 1860.] THE SPECTATOR. MONEY MARKET. Srock Excuanor, Farpay AFTERNOON. The continual decline on the Paris Bourse, amounting at times almost to a panic, has kept the Markets on this side in a constant state of excitement, quotations experiencing a fall all round. English Securities have been ac- tive, although the tendency has been downwards. Consols from 954 95 on Saturda : last, were pressed by speculative sales to 94} 943, making 94} to- day. ‘There has been rather more business doing, but in the present un- certain state of affairs in general, operations are limited, few of a bona fide character taking place. Of course the Markets have been influenced by a suceession of conflicting telegraphic statements, which, however, have not at any time had any very serious effect. Theexcitement on the Paris Bourse has been to a much greater extent, the fall in Rentes up to this afternoon equalling 2} per cent. Consols have varied today between 94} § 94} 943 and 948 943, closing at the latter quotation ; Reduced and New Three per Cents, 921 93; India Five per Cent, 106} 106} ; Consols for Money, 943 943. rices in the Foreign Stock Market are considerably flatter, but business has not by any means been extensive, Mexican, 203 21; Peruvian Four- and-a-Half per Cent, 91 93; Peruvian Three per Cents, 69.71 ; Buenos Ayres, 85 87; Ditto Three per Cents, 24 25; Buenos Ayres Shares have been from the state of the market forced up to 3} 4 prem, Venezuela, 25 26; Grenada Active, 15 16; Ditto Deferred, 4} 4}; Chilian Four-and-a-Half per Cents, 85 87 ; Ditto Three per Cent, 7072; Brazilian, 9091. At the close today there is a somewhat better tone, but quotations do not as yet show any material improvement. Russian, 117 119; Portuguese, 44 45, Spanish rather inactive, leaving off 46} 47} ; Victor Emmanuel dull, 95 96; Turkish Securities have been especially heavy, the Old Six per Cent being now 74 74}, and the New Ditto, 57 58. Money has been rather dear in this market. el The Railway Share Markets have undergone a good deal of fluctuation, in some cases to a severe extent. At the close this afternoon, however, there is a slight rally, the Markets generally not presenting that heavy appear- ance which has been witnessed the last few days. In the heavy descrip- tion of stocks and shares, the recovery is more apparent, but figures show a material decline upon those of last week. Lancashire and Yorkshire, 102 1023 ; Midland, 1153 116; Great Western, 67 672 ; London and North Western, 994 993 ; London and South Western, 92} 93 ; Caledonians have been 88} 89; but are now 89} 90; London and Brighton flat, 112} 113) Great Northern, 113 115; Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincoln, 40} 41}; North British, 60} 614; Chester and Holyhead, 51} 513; Berwick, 95 95}. The settlement passed off on the 16th very satisfactorily. Foreign Railway Shares, are duli and heavy, especially as might be ex- ted in the French description :—Paris and Lyons, now eee ex. div. close, 33} 333; Paris and Strasbourg, 23 24; Northern of France, 37} 38; Lombardo-Venetian have had a severe full, having declined to } } dis. the uotation is ex. div. ; Indian Shares dull, East Indian, 100} 101}; Great ndian Peninsula, 98} 99}; Madras, 97} 98}; Bombay and Baroda, 95} 96}. The Market for Joint Stock Banks has been quiet this week, some quota- tions showing a slight improvement ; City, 73 75; London and Joint Stock, 33 34; Oriental, 41} 42}; Londcn and Westminster, 61 63; Union, 25 26. The New Thames and Mersey Marine Insurance Company’s Shares (not yet allotted) are at 13 1 prem. BANK OF ENGLAND. An Account, pursuant to the 7th and 8th Victoria, cap. 32, for the week ending on Wednesday the 16th day of May 1860. ISSUE DEPARTMENT. Notesissued ..sscescceeeeesee£29,227 655 Government Debt .....+++5++ Other Securities.......... ee Gold Coin and Bullion , . Silver Bullion,....ccecceeeees DEPARTMENT. Government Securities(inclu ding Dead Weight Aunuity). Other Securities... NOtes .....eeeeeeee Public Deposits’ .... Other Deposits oe Seven Daysand other Bills . BIRTHS, On the 6th of May, at Westbury Ilill, near Bristol, Lady Campbell, of Barealdine, | of a daughter, On the 7th, at Rougham, Norfolk, the Wife of Charles North, late Captain Nor- folk Artillery, and eldest son of Frederick North, M.P. for Hastings, of a son, On the 8th, at Wood Hall, Yorkshire, the Wife of the Hon, J. C, Dundas, of a son, On the 8th, at Highwood Cottage, Finchley, the Wife of Coventry Patmore, Esq., | of a son, On the 10th, at 72, South Audley Street, the Hon, Mrs, Augustus Halford, of a son, stillborn. On the 12th, at 42, Heriot Row, Edinburgh, the Hon, Mrs, Walker, of Dalry, of a daughter. On the 12th, at Hollybrook, Lady Erskine, of Cambo, of a son, On the 13th, at Bowerswell, the Wife of John Everett Millais, A.R.A., of a | daughter. On the Mth, at 10, St. James’s Square, the Duchess of Marlborough, of a daughter. On the 15th, at 41, Upper Brook Street, the Viscountess Boyle, of a son, MARRIAGES, On the 10th of May, at Christ Church, Lutonvale, Kent, Edmund A, Grattan, Esq., H.B.M. Consul at Antwerp, to Mary Cawthorne, youngest daughter of the late J.A. Hunter, Esq., of Ormeley Lodge, Ham, Surrey, and granddaughter of the late Sir Jonah Barrington. On the lth, at St. George’s Church, Hanover Square, Captain Dearden, late Thir- teenth Light Dragoons, of the Hollins, Yorkshire, to Henrietta Maria, eldest daughter of Major Edwards, M.P., of Pyenest, in the same county. On the 15th, at St. George’s, Hanover Square, by the Lord Bishop of Hereford, | Captain Pilkington Blake, only son of James Bunbury Blake, Esq., of Thurston House, in the county of Suffolk, to Adeline, third daughter of James King King, + M.P., of Staunton Park, Herefordshire. DEATHS, On the 11th of April, at Madeira, Sir Francis Hopkins, Bart., of Athboy, county Meath, and Rochfort, Westmeath, aged forty-six. On the 2d of May, the Chevalier Thomas Corner Stone, Attaché at the Portuguese Embassy in London, eldest and only surviving son of the late Read-Admiral Thomas Stone, K.T.8. of his Most Faithful Majesty's Service. On the 3d, Mr. J. H. Maverley, aged seventy-six, for fifty years the Astronomical Observer at the Royal Academy, Geapert, On the 8th, at the Deanery House, Londonderry, the Very. Rev. Thomas Bunbury Gough, Dean of Derry, in his eighty-fourth year. ‘ On the 10th, at the Queen’s Hotel, Norwood, Rosa Edwyna, wife of Lieutenant- Colonel Powell, M.P., of Nanteos, Cardiganshire, aged forty-two. On the llth, at Elm Grove, Barnes, eaaties Terxeira, Baron de Sampayo, At- taché to the Embassy of his Most Faithful Majesty, in the sixty-sixth year of his age. On the 12th, at his residence on Clapham Common, Sir Charles Barry, R.A., | F.B.S., &., in the sixty-fifth year of his age. On the Mth, at Hawthornden, Torquay, Arthur Howe Holdsworth, Esq., of Widdicombe House, Devon, Governor of Dartmouth Castle, and Jate M.P. for the h of Dartmouth, aged seventy-nine. _ On the 16th, at Haddon House, Exeter, Sir Lawrence Vaughan Palk, Bart., aged sixty-seven. I | against the House of Commons, | flict in which the Liberal press, siding with the Commons, used | to rail at ‘the House of Impracticables, TUPICS OF THE DAY. LORDS AND COMMONS. Tue petition to the House of Lords, and the address to Lord Derby, both adopted by the meeting on the paper duties at St. Martin’s Hall, open rather seriously important questions—What are the rights of the Lords with reference to taxation ? and what is the policy of the Lords with reference to the special measure ? j The ee argue that to reject the bill for repealing the Paper-duty would be ‘an usurpation of the privileges of the House of Commons and of the rights of the people.” The Crown, they say, has not asked for the continuance of the tax, the House of Commons has not voted to continue it; and, therefore, the tax has not either the demand of the Crown or the consent of the Commons in its vindication, This is only a cireumlocuting me- thod of asserting that the House has no right to amend a money bill, or to reject it. But the fact is that the Lords have ample power in that behalf, Are they not simply restrained from alter- ing a money bill by increasing the intended impost? The Lords have a right to overhaul the entire question of taxation, its policy, and its bearing on the existing state of public affairs; and they have full powers to amend a bill in the way of diminution, or to reject it altogether. We do not see any advantage in denying aright which the Peers possess in the letter and spirit of the law ; while we do sce a great disadvantage in mingling with a strong case assertions that cannot be maintained. The question of policy rests upon entirely different grounds. It seems to be calculated that the Conservative party possesses, or can recoyer in the Lords, a majority which it has lost in the Commons; and that Lord Derby, therefore, who cannot form a me | of his own holding the balance of votes in the represen- tative chamber, may employ the majority which he leads in the Upper House to harass the Government of the day. The caleu- lation may be false in fact, we are sure it is false in sound sense. There are other questions on which the Lords are arrayed against the Commons. ‘The Commons are for abolishing Church- rates; the Lords reject the bill, Some persons expect that the Commons will aflirm Mr, Cardwell’s Irish Tenant Right sill; Mr. Whiteside tells us that the Lords will reject it. One measure upon which the Peers and Commons stood opposed to each other for some time was the admission of Jews to Parliament; the Peers were beaten, They are now confessedly to be employed by the Conservative minority as an engine for obstructing measures of which the Conservatives disapprove ; and in order to employ the machine for that purpose, the Conservatives are once more setting the House of Peers This is to revive that old con- ” “the House of Incu- rables,” and used to prophesy that the obstructive power of the Peers would call forth a destructive power in the popular half of the Legislature. We cannot prophesy so fast; but Peers even sitting ou the same bench with Lord Derby must see the deroga- tory, if not the dangerous tendency of a position which holds out the House of Lords as an engine to be employed by party against the declared wishes of the English people. It is an assertion of privilege, Tory perhaps in the letter, but most unconservative in spirit. SIR CHARLES TREVELYAN, Sir Coin tes Trevetyan has been likened to Curtius ; but it is the Curtius of the playhouse, who knows that the abyss is only a ‘** practicable” trap, and can caleulate the effect of his self- sacrificing plunge. The reasons which induced Sir Charles Tre- velyan to disapprove of Mr, Wilson’s financial measure appear to us, with the exception of a single point, to be wholly irrelevant to the question of Sir Charles’s recall. The sole point 1s this :—if in his heart of hearts Sir Charles Trevelyan believed that the British empire in India would be lost to the British Crown, by the at- tempt to carry out Mr, Wilson’s plan of finance, then, and then ‘only, he would be justified in advancing to protest publicly against the prosecution of so dangrerous a course; but to warrant such a protest, the self-sacrifice must be complete. For the protest is almost as dangerous as the original course could be, at the ver worst ; and it is beset with doubts of a kind the most painful, if not derogatory to the protestor. ‘To arrest the accredited ser- vant of the Imperial Goverment in carrying out measures which have been adopted, after ample discussion at home and after ex- planation in the dependency, is to undertake a responsibility not alone for the protestor, but for Government upon whom it may force change of course which can scarcely be safe. It is to expose a weakness in the Government heretofore unknown to the natives. It is to show that the Queen upon her throne, the Ministers of | State by her side, can be turned at the will and word of a single man. And the man that thus dares is not of the Queen’s Council at home, while in India, unluckily, he stands before the natives somewhat in the position of a Viceroy. It is, therefore, to tell the people of India that the Queen and her Government are not so powerful as Sir Charles Trevelyan. Indeed, it is to tell the millions of India that, if they had but Sir Charles Trevelyan as their ruler, they might be saved from that weak Government at home ; those misleading officers in Calcutta. They wholly acquit Sir Charles from the suspicion of contemplating the ambitious dream which was once imputed, quite as erroneously to Lord Ellenborough. We do not imagine that the late Secretary

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472 THE SPECTATOR. [My 19, 1860. to the Treasury ever had a vision of riding on a white elephant as the Emperor of India, placed upon the supreme throne which Victoria had forfeited by the misconduct of her servants. But, if any such romance had haunted the pillow of the rising and suc- cessful civil servant, it would have been more consistent with his actions than those actions are consistent with his set duties, or the moral responsibility to his sovereign. Still he might, however, have thought it necessary to brave even this misconstruction, even the censure that must be cast upon him, and the degradation that he has actually incurred, in order to save the Indian empire to the Queen, whose hold he scems so far to have weakened. But in order to cut off every chance of its being suspected that he had ulterior views,—that he looked upon defeating official rivals and financial opponents,—it appears to us that there was but one course for the patriot to take under that irresistible impulse of tragic earnestness ; it was to put forth his protest, and to fall upon his sword, Short of any such heroic attestation of self-sacrifice, we cannot forbear looking to the antecedents and circumstances of Sir Charles Trevelyan. He has been a man not unacquainted with official conflict, not unacquainted with defeat; and yet, in the main, the conflicts have salvutled to his advantage ; the defeat has been followed by actual promotion. He has been the distin- guished mouthpiece of a new philosophy in the public service of this country. In the official volume of essays and memoranda on the admission to the Civil Service, Sir Charles Trevelyan appears opposed to great authorities in vindicating competitive examina- tion as the test of ‘ efficiency.” A most eflicient civil servant himself, working his way to distinguished promotion by his busi- ness tact and energy, he has naturally looked upon his own quali- ties as the essentials of statesmanship in office. He has been by no means subservient; we have seen him opposed, on more than one occasion, to men of higher authority than his own. He was for a time in the same department with Mr. Wilson, he being the gam and non-Parliamentary Secretary of the Treasury, r. Wilson the temporary and Parliamentary Secretary ; and it is, we believe, no secret that on some occasions Mr. Wilson took | one view, Sir Charles Trevelyan another. In our political system, the temporary cflicer is saute regarded as the higher authority ; at all events, if we are not mistaken, on some of these occasions Mr. Wilson prevailed. In his recently published minute against the financial policy of the Indian Government, Sir Charles him- self tells us-that he has been in favour of a principle diametri- cally opposed to that of Mr, Wilson’s budget. diture, only without increase of taxation. He says that he has ‘* always been of opinion” to that effect. He does not think it necessary to put a greater pressure upon Madras than has already been placed by himself; but reductions must be made in Northern and North-western India; and, if his advice be not followed, he telis us, ‘“‘ we shall arrest progress and pauperize the country.” It is, therefore, no new controversy in which Sir Charles Tre- velyan has struck this blow; and he appeals from Wilson and the Sceretary of State for India to three of his coadjutors in the Madras Council, who have also written memoranda, which have been published, though, it is said, without the consent of the | writers. it is evident that the views of Sir Charles Trevelyan must have been taken into consideration in London and in Cal- cutta, but they have been overruled ; and, surely, it was not for the subordinate to put forward his own ote views with such confidence, still less to take such a step as might be thought sufli- cient to compel the adoption of his advice. For Sir Charles informs us that, if the plan of taxation proposde | by Mr. Wilson be carried out it will lead to disaffection, and it will render the reduction of the Army impossible. It is, he inti- mates, equivalent to taxing the loyal parts of India in order to make good the cost incurred through the rebellion of other parts. In short, he threatens us with having ‘‘on one hand adis- | contented people and a discontented army, and on the other a | discontented population” ; while he significantly prophecies that “Frankenstein might reappear in another shape.” He denounces “‘these tremendous taxes” with all the vehemence of a Wat Tyler, and it isa Wat Tyler, let us remember, mounted upon a viceregal throne, and invested with the authority of a proconsu- late. Sir Charles must have foreseen his own recall, a matter of course, a regular sequence of forms. It is almost Such an overt contumacy against the authorities and counsels of his superiors | It is, however, diflicult to — that | could not pass unnoticed. Sir Charles does not caleulate on what he would eall ‘ public opinion,” at home as well asin India, We can hardly suppose him not to expect that he shall be supported by those who agree with him in financial opinion; and that, although at the present moment dismissed from office with something like indignation, he will be brought back again, perhaps in a higher post through the reaction of ‘‘ public opinion ”—perhaps sent out to save India whose Government he has exposed to this fearful risk. Any such speculation would be a gambling in political vicissitude, which ought to be absolutely prohibited to every statesman whatsoever ; it is a species of moral usurpation as destructive to the state which permits it, as any attempt to seize the Crown bodily. A QUESTION ABOUT TURKISH TREATY RIGHTS, Ir we may gather the sentiments of the Government from the columns of the Globe, we may infer that Ministers regard any interference of the Powers between the Government of the Sultan He would have | made the accounts of India balance solely oy reduction of expen- | i | | aroused occasionally against the vicious habits of the day. and his subjects as inopportune and impolitic. It is admitted however, that “ there can be no question as to the unfortunate treatment of the Christian subjects of Turkey.” It is also ad- mitted that ‘‘ many things take place which cannot be prevented from taking place, which derive no authority from the text of treaties.” It may be true that the text of the Treaty of 1856 does not authorize ‘ either the individual or the collective inter- ference of the Powers between Turkey and her Christian sub- jects”; but, if we are not mistaken, the negotiations which accompanied the treaty involved an undertaking by Turkey with regard to her Christian subjects ; the quid pro quo being the ter- mination of the war with Russia, and the admission of Turkey to a place in Europe. In ‘‘ the text of the treaty,” there may be nothing authorizing individual or collective interference of the Powers; but the whole body of the treaty, and the facts of which it was a part, constituted an interference and a precedent. The action of the Western Powers in 1853 and ’54 was not directed against representations to Turkey; but against the se- parate interference of Russia. France herself had already made representations on behalf of Christians assimilating to the Roman faith, and we have lately been reminded that there are Christians in Turkey whom we Englishmen are asked to call ‘* Protestants,” because they have a version of the Bible in the vernacular, How far, then, is it politic to repel Russia when asking to be allowed to act along with the other Powers ? Those other Powers certainly cannot be compelled to follow Russia’s lead. On the contrary, the preponderating influence, amid many antagonisms elsewhere, is undoubtedly ‘held by the Western Powers. By getting Russia into Conference, they secure a maximum of de- liberate consideration for Turkey and for Europe, with a minimum of disturbance. A FEW WORDS ABOUT DEANS. Wnuat is the use of Deans? We know, indeed, that in the opin- ion of the shoemaker there is nothing like leather, and we have no doubt that every dean in England is prepared to show, by forcible arguments, that the order to which he belongs is essen- | tial to the existence of the Established Church, It is, however, pos- | sible that there may be two opinions on this point, and we think that we can establish that the abolition of the office of Dean would place a considerable sum of money at the disposal of the Church which might be more usefully employed. What we ask amounts, in point of fact, to little more than a change of name, and an ar- rangement by which an office which is now almost a sinecure, shall be connected with the performance of a tolerable amount of / work, This journal has never joined in the vulgar cry that is raised, from time to time, against the Church of England, but we have never failed to point out, that an Establishment which en- joys some very great privileges, should be careful to allow no rea- sonable ground for the accusation that it does not make the most of its wealth, and that it does not discharge, with efliciency, the | duties imposed upon it. If it can be shown that an office is re- ‘tained in the ecclesiastical system for which no real necessity exists, there is not only a practical reason for its abolition, but a | handle is afforded to those who are enemies to the Establishment. It will, probably, be admitted that the deans of cathedral | churches are not over-burdened with work. A dean is the head of a chapter, acts as chairman in the chapter meetings, has a | casting vote, and is the chief of a body of canons whose duty chiefly consists in performing, in turn, the services of the cathe- dral church. The income of a dean is sometimes very large—the | Dean of Durham receives 3000/, a year, in addition to a London residence—and, in every case, it is considerable. If these high ecclesiastical dignitaries do no more than is required of them by | the strict letter of the law, their work is certainly of the lightest possible description, The curate of a populous parish does as 'much in a month as a dean is bound to do ina year. We are quite ready to believe that there are deans who go out | of their way to find work for themselves. There are some | who devote their talents and their energies to preaching, and who may be said to lead the crusades which are ' There are others who write books, or give themselves up to the full enjoyment of that dignified repose which they have sometimes earned, in the production of ele works. There are others, again, who are fond of the study of ecclesiastical architecture, and who husband the capitular funds with a view to the improvement of their cathedral church. But, after all, we cannot come to any conclusion but that nearly thirty clergy- men of the Church of England are paid very large salaries ; in | return for which, the duties they are bound to perform are | Mapoepestionstal y small. A defence, however, has sometimes been set up in behalf of deaneries, which must not be passed over without notice. It is said that the Church should always possess a certain number of wealthy sinecures, which may either be used as rewards for those who have borne the heat and burden of the day, or else may be regarded as an honourable provision for men of learning, who are thus enabled to pursue their studies without being harassed by vulgar and mundane cares. We do not see the force of this argument. In the first a there are quite canonries enough in the Established Church which might be ap- plied to such purposes as these. But, what is still more to the point, it does not seem to us that deans are more distinguished for their ‘ learning” than many priests who have not attained to that lofty rank. Let any one run his eye down the present list of deans, and he will see how few of them are men who have

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[, wewr ss aS XUM May 19, 1860.] made themselves remarkable for their contributions to literature, or who are supposed to be occupying their time in laborious studies. We may be permitted to add, that the notion of repose appears to be more familiar to ambitious clergymen than to ambitious lawyers. Lawyers and physicians are, at least, as hard worked as the general run of industrious clergymen ; and we have yet to learn that canonries and deaneries are provided for them. The cases are not quite analogous, but they are sufficiently so for our . ‘There is no reason in the world why a bishop should not be his own dean, and the funds now appropriated to deaneries be employed in the creation of new sees. We do not believe it possible to attach too much importance to an extension of the episcopate, but it is absolutely necessary that the funds for such an extension should be supplied, as far as possible, from sources which would not in- terfere with the episcopal and capitular revenues of the United Kingdom. We may have occasion, hereafter, to point out the objects to which the funds, which will presently be at the disposal of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, should be applied. At present, we are content to show, as we think we have shown, that a large annual revenue, which is now spent to little purpose, might be diverted into another channel, from which great good would ac- erue to the National Church. It should be recollected that the evils to which we are calling attention are precisely those which, according to some rere make the name of an establishment synonymous with all that was most hateful in religious communities, before the stern Reformers of the sixteenth century had swept them away from the face of the earth. These are the evils in the question of which the bitterest enemies of the Church rejoice. And yet how easy it would be to get rid of them! If those men who have the real interests of the National Church, would set themselves to work, and vigorously endeavour to root out some of the worst abuses and most glaring anomalies, the Establishment would be strengthened to resist much fiercer attacks than any that have hitherto been directed against it. Only let it be shown that the Church is ready to exert, to the utmost, all the influences for good that it possesses, and the most forcible answer to all objec- tions would be found in work that could not be concealed, and in an activity of which the fruits would be speedily manifest. LETTER-CARRIERS AND THE POST-OFFICE, Tue question discussed by the letter-carriers of the General Post Office at a public meeting cn Monday, is of the deepest import to the interests not only of that particular class of the working-class generally. In the discussion, however, those who took the lead, and appear to have had possession of the meeting—that is to say, those who represent the particular body of men and a large pro- portion of the working classes, appear to us entirely to have mis- conceived the grounds on which the question must be settled, and not less to mistake the permanent interests of their own order. The complaint of the letter-carriers is, that they have to keep | their families, which cannot be done on eighteen or nineteen shil- | lings a week; that honesty cannot be provided at that sum,— men receiving such wages being under too severe a temptation to | take money from letters; that ‘‘the system of promotion by merit is nothing more nor less than a gross system of favourit- ism”; that ‘boys are placed over the head of men who have grown old in the service”; and that ‘‘men are driven and goaded through their heavy work.” Mr, Shaw, whose statement of grievances we have endeavoured to follow in its most salient ints, seems to us to have misapprehended the whole position. he Post Office is not established for the maintenance of letter- carriers and letter-sorters. If the whole work could be done by urely mechanical means, with equal or greater celerity and a ee cost, so much the better. The department is one which is established, exclusively, to perform a given service for the community, and if the aa could be attained without the employment of men, the service would be relieved of a cost and a hindrance. If the managers of the Post Office find that they ean procure the labour to be exeeuted at a given rate, and in a | given time, it is their business to pay no more than the wage ne- | cessary and to allow no more than the time inevitably ——_ In regard to promotion, the one permanent object of selection must be so to place the men as to procure the best execution of the work. ‘‘Seniority” is no ground of promotion. Mere fidelity is one good ground, but not the only one; for merit is still stronger, and points more positively to advancement more rapid. “Merit” does not consist in the possession of moral qualities ; it is in fact a very vague expression, changing its import as it is ap- plied to different purposes. In the Post Office, we conceive, merit does not mean even cleverness, promptitude in sorting, rapid pace in walking, or accuracy of memory; though all those qualities | might so far help to facilitate the promotion of a letter-carrier or | letter-sorter. In the eye of Post Office management, merit must | consist in the possession of whatsoever qualities render a man | most tractable and available for any of the department. That | set of men by whose instrumentality the business of the depart- ment is executed with the greatest smoothness and completeness, ata minimum of cost in time or moncy, is the most meritorious set of men; and any set of men who occasion difliculty, incom- pleteness, or cost, are proportionately a less meritorious set of men—have less ‘‘ merit,” and are less suitable for promotion. Mr. Shaw speaks as if the letter-carriers and letter-sorters were a race of human beings pre-destined to service in the Post Office. He regards them as a great tragic poet might have regarded a THe SPECTATOR. 473 classic hero; or as an historian might have regarded certain classes of serfs and villeins in our fe udal ages. There is no com- pulsion on the letter-carriers and sorters to remain under the au- thorities of the Post Office. They are free to accept the work with its conditions, or to reject it. And per contra, any work not malum in se, nor contrary to general laws, may be offered on any conditions that an pe Ph may devise. He cannot compel acceptance; but if the work be accepted, the fulfilment of the conditions becomes a part of the contract ; and it must always be presumed that those who undertake the contract do so in view of the conditions. If the working classes disapprove of the system in St. Martin’s-le-Grand, all they have got to do is to stop away from the place. r Nay more, if Mr. Shaw’s statement be absolutely true, and if the men employed in the Post Office cannot live on the rate of wages and under the conditions prescribed in that department, they will of course die at their work, or, what is more probable, they will leave it before that fatal result ensues. The mere fact that the vacancies are filled by men who seek the employment is a sufficient refutation to Mr. Shaw’s statements. We are well aware that this aspect of the subject will be con- sidered inhuman; but those members of the working classes who shrink from a rigid anatomizing of social questions, are like patients who shrink from a probing of their wounds; or rather nervous persons who cannot study anatomy from feclings of tenderness, aud thus refuse to acquire a knowledge which would enable them to protect health against disease. Free-trade applies to labour as muchas to corn, It may be perceived at a very early stage of the investigation that conditions imposed upon the per- formance of labour, however they may at first be intended for the protection of the labourers, soon become instruments available for the restraint of labour, since they are hands of the more powerful order of employers. What the labouring class should seck is, no renewal or maintenance of restrictive laws, but rather the removal of all the restrictive laws that remain, including every species of interference with ‘ combinations” as such. We are well aware that the paper which appeared in our journal on the of February, ‘‘ The Story of a Cork and a Candle,” shocked some of our friends who are interested in the working classes, because we | took no suflicient account of the corkeutters who might be thrown out of employment by the improved machinery ; which will most certainly come into use though the adoption of the particular ma- chine we were discussing may be retarded by the accidental death of the agents in this country, for they perished in the outward voyage to America. The United States are the country in which labour is most rapidly rising above the depressed level in which it has been kept even to modem times in Europe; and one of the appliances through which this elevation is proceeding is the im- provement of mechanical substitutes for hand-labour, We are not aware of any such improvement in industry which has not | almost if not directly benefited the working classes very generally, even in this country ; with one single exception, in the case of the wool-combers, whose work was unquestionably superseded, In every other case of which we are aware, the direct results have been to cheapen the cost of the given product, to extend its use and consumption in a far greater ratio, and, therefore, in a pro- portionately greater ratio to enlarge at once the employment for the labouring class, and to raise the remuneration for that class. But this is not all. The benefit which the increase of skill re- ea Wis test of education,—calls forth higher faculties. Thus the mere labourer becomes the artisan; the calling of the artisan becomes a profession, The process is going on before the eyes of us all—in many branches of industry. Now the most powerful means to arrest it, to keep down the working- classes into the quasi-slavery which they complain through their poverty, their faulty education, and their helplessness | would be to arrest the progress of mechanical improvement and the extension of trade, We are well aware that in the first steps of most improvements painful effects fall upon individuals; aud here, it appears to us, the working classes have at once a claim anda duty, It is not only the duty but the interest of the entire community to dimi- nish any mischief falling upon individuals through improvements which benefit the rest. The principle of compensation is recog- nized in most cases. The nearest to the performance of that duty are usually the members of the class whose labour is extended ; and amongst the many advantages derivable from a restoration of those guilds by which the working classes were able to promote their own interests and to protect each other, is the assistance afforded to those who suffer from change of trade as well as bad health or old age. If the working classes were thoroughly combined by means of such corporations, they might obtain such complete in- formation as to the course of industry, the progress of improve- ment, the arising of new wants, as to effect a much better distri- bution of their gross number, though that number be millions, And, in that event, we might have found such very effective dis- tribution of the army of industry as places men with large fami- lies to do the work of younger men at eighteen or nineteen shil- lings a week, THE HATCH CASE. Tue verdict of the Jury, and the deliverance of the Judge, sentence Eugenia Plummer to be sent to school. Few cases have more lucidly illustrated certain defects in our law and its ar- rangements. In the first trial, Mr. Hatch was the accused, and he was condemned. The second trial shows that he was condemned

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474 ; THE SPECTATOR. (May 19, 1860, on perjured evidence, and subjected to a most unjust infliction of punishment. On this second trial, Eugenia Plummer was the accused, and she is condemned to prison by a Judge and Jury who feel that the responsibility of a crime so foul as that proved against her cannot attach to a little girl eleven yearsof age. Yet Judge and Jury, and Attorney-General and Home Secretary, had been deeply, conscientiously, and anxiously considering this very case, and, in the present state of the law, no other course could be struck out but to let Mr. Hatch lie under a conviction de- nounced by the convicting jury, while another victim in the imbroglio was submitted to a separate, cumbersome, and not absolutely conclusive trial, in order to see what should be done with Mr. Hatch. Itisa — state of things ; and it is so bad that it strengthens our hope of attaining to better arrange- ments. The second trial was inconclusive, we say, because although it cancels the evidence of Eugenia Plummer, it does not cancel the evidence of the other witnesses on the first trial,—the second ver- dict does not, technically and in pure logic, annul the first ver- dict. A contemporary has pointed out one of the worst defects in the present law, which forbids the accused in criminal cases from being examined, and will not allow the wife of an accused man to be examined on oath. The theoretical dread of a temptation to perjury thus adds to the obstructions which prevent Judge aud Jury bon learning all that is to be stated upon a case. In this instance, we have seen one case split into two trials after such a — as to prevent the two halves from completely fitting each other. The injustice to Mr. Hatch is a disgrace to the state that can tolerate the continuance of enactments which give occasion for such iniquity. The present Secretary of State, it is understood, has been deterred by old fashioned prejudices from yielding to the demand for a court of Criminal Appeals, in which he might have caused Mr. Hatch to be retried before the execution of the unjust sentence. No one will suspect Sir George Lewis of being unconscientious or indolent, and thus we cannot hold him morally accountable for neglecting the lesson taught by this case ; but if not morally, we have a right to hold him intellectually res- ponsible. And from the Home Secretary stante super antiquas vias we appeal to the reforming Bethell, we appeal to Fitzroy Kelly, whose bill on the subject has been obstructed by the other bill of Mr. M‘Mahon, we appeal to Mr. M‘Mahon, we appeal to the immortal Henry Brougham, who long foresaw the necessity of that Appeal Court which numbers are now beginning to admit. We are opportunely reminded of the fact by a condensed reprint of Sir Eardley Wilmot’s volume on Lord Brougham’s Law Re- forms just published :— ‘The necessity of a criminal appeal in matters of fact to some regularly | constituted tribunal has been already more than once insisted on in these pages. ‘The Home Office now virtually the Court of Appeal, but wanting in all the necessary ingredients ofa legal court, being wholly unqualified to decide in the last instance as to the infliction of capital punishments, where fresh evidence has transpired or extenuating circumstances have come to ight since the trial, and being obliged to resort to the anomaly of procuring a Royal pardon in the case of wrongful convictions, it becomes important to consider whether the functions it has hitherto unsatisfactorily discharged, although with the best intentions, should not be transferred to the depart- ment of Public Justice, or whether the existing powers of the present Court of Criminal Appeal in matters of law should not be enlarged and extended for this purpose to matters of fact, or whether an entirely distinct court should not be established after the manner of the Cour de Cassation in France. Whichever be the tribunal selected, not the least considerable of its duties will be to award compensation to persons unjustly convicted, and to pronounce their innocence with the same publicity as shall have attended the declaration of their guilt.” In a footnote Sir Eardley adds :— ‘*A premature discussion has taken place in the House of Commons dur- ing the present session (1860), upon a bill introduced by Mr. MacMahon, Member for Wexford, in which the chief argument used by the Home Se- cretary was, that an appeal ought not to be granted, whereas the fact is that the appeal does exist at this moment, but to an illegal and unconstitu- | tional tribunal.” We appeal in fact to the advanced legal intellect of the day. The Law Amendment Society may assist. The thing wanted most ur- gently is such an understanding between the leading law statesmen of the day, as will render the personal opinion of a Home Secretary on the reform a matter of trivial importance, quite inadequate to arrest the passing of a sufficient measure. Sir Fitzroy Kelly’s bill may be that sufficient measure, and Mr. M‘Mahon and his friends ought to make such arrangements as will get some bill or title of a bill into a select committee, witha view to getting the best stetute out of the select committee. As to the poor little girl, her case is by no means the least hopeful part of the matter, in regard to the progress of Law Re- form, though personally it is the most melancholy. She has had to confront injustice worse than that which has persecuted John Hatch, and without his consolations; for he is a man in the full stre of life, he is sustained by conscious innocence, by the affection of a faithful wife, and by the suffrages of those best able to judge ; and, having these supports, martyrdom itself is not without its solace and its sweetness, Whither can the poor little girl look? At home? To her eight or ten schools with their brief experiences,—their pampered self-willed perverseness ? Into her own;mind—a little embryo chaos? Still, she has child- hood in her favour, with its wondrous power of restoration ; she is not without faculties or feelings,—she has ideas, and tears; and, in some sort an heiress, she has the means to be used in saving her from a destination common enough for the little forgers of falsehood who abound in the alleys and gutters of all our great towns. She is but one among the myriad instances of the wretched fact to which we pointed last week,—that children are manufactured into criminals, by those who know no better. but are themselves of the same luckless manufacture. A friend reminded us last week that we had forgotten the case of some score or two of children, committed to prison within the year, for the offence of “ playing ” in the streets,—as if childhood must not play somewhere, at the peril of those who hinder it! Poor little Eugenia is only the representative of another contingent to the same list of doomed infants, whom, together with mistaught or misbegotten children of a larger growth, we are beginning to rescue from the miserable handling of retributive justice, in order to sentence them tothe school, or to the workshop of ‘ conditional freedom.” A day may come when the name of the little heiress for whose diseased condition we now feel so strong a sympathy may appear on the list of lady subscribers to some reformatory ; and blessed is the dawn which enables us to hope for such an event! Letters to the Editar. LANDED PROPERTY IN BENGAL. Smn—aAs publie attention is at present directed to the state of affairs in the agricultural districts of Bengal and Upper India, between European indigo-planters, and the ryots or little practical information regarding a Zemindarii which I have held for some years, so/e/y as an investment, having no interest in indigo, or any agricultural speculation, may interesting. ‘The estate consisting of twelve villages is in the province of Benares, and within fifty miles of that city ; it had been much neglected before it became my property; it has since been managed by Natives, under the superinten- dence of an English merchant, who occasionally visited it. Wells were dug, roads improved, and embankments made to preserve the cultivation from floods, waste lands brought into cultivation, and everything was done that was likely to improve the property. When the mutiny broke out, some of the inhabitants joined the muti- neers, burnt the cutchory (office) of the estate, plundered the accounts and money, proclaimed themselves the owners, and proceeded to collect the rents from the ryots; they took the principal Native agent away, and his arm was broken when he escaped from them. Ilow long they remained in possession does not appear; it is only within the last few months I have obtained the accounts of the estate for the past three years; the expenses making these accounts have been ver great, one-seventh part of the xoménal rent of the first year ; for, pode | the revenue due to Government was duly paid by each, but little, if any, surplus appears at my credit, I will not trouble you with details, but at the end of three years, on the estates yielding from rupees 7000 or 8000 per annum, the arrears amount to about 10,500 rupees. Rupees. Cash due ...... eeeteene evseccccccooucenceeoce aan Bonds given by Tenants for banker....... erecece 5,079 Deerees against banker .......... pike eins coe 2,426 ’ On receipt of these accounts, I wrote to my agents, stating that these balances were so heavy, I could not believe the Native agents had been | doing their duty honestly; as, during the past year, 1859, hardly any part of the bonds or decrees seemed to have been collected, so I ew they would send some trustworthy person to go over the accounts, and take mea- sures to enforce the decrees, and collect the balances, and suggested sending with him two mounted Orderlies to assist him, as the estates were extensive and scattered, a have received a letter from my agent, dated Calcutta, the 7th of April, 360. ‘TI for one never hope to recover any portion of the bonds or deerees ; these items may be useful for influences like the balances of indigo fac- tories. I like your idea of sending out two mounted orderlies to assist in collecting the balances; no such plan is allowed now-a-days. Why, a ze- | mindar is prohibited dy Jaw from sending for a ryot to ask him to pay his rent, (read Act X. of 1859,) and see to what a state the maudlin sensibility for the ryot has brought landed property. “‘ITdo not think you can calculate on anything from your balances and | decrees; if the rents ean be collected hereafter ageiey without great balances, it is all I look for ; however, I have sent your letter to the agents up country, who will answer for themselves.” | Ihave not the means of referring to Act X. of 1859. But it seems hope- less to expect a ryot to go voluntarily to the tax-office, and pay his rents as they full due, and how Mr. Wilson’s new taxes are to be collected, is beyond my comprehension. Formerly, the zemindar could force the ryot to attend | at the village accountant’s office to settle their accounts, but the Act just quoted appears to have put a stop to this custom; in my opinion, it is enough to put an end to all improvements in agricultural districts. I am, Sir, yours faithfully, A TALooKpAR, City, 15th May 1860. Str—Although I have not yet seen any announcement of the release of the Reverend John Hatch, I presume that the consequence of the conviction of Eugenia Plummer will be a pardon from the Crown, Then comes the na- | tural inquiry, is Mr. Hatch to receive compensation, which, so far as | worldly goods are concerned, may restore him to his lost position? In the , mere commercial sense of the word, I presume, but I speak without any knowledge of the convict, he has been thoroughly ruined. | Not so much onaccount of Mr. Hatch, as of accused persons yet probably | to be the victims of legal accidents, I could wish the Legislature would seize | the present opportunity in passing the bills for the Consolidation of the | Criminal Law (now in the House of Lords), to lay downa principle of ac- tion, by which damages can be ascertained. That compensation is due to the victims of judicial error, has been accepted by the House of Commons ; for it voted 50007. to Mr. W. H. Barber, aud most properly so. We want a Judge of Appeal in Criminal Cases ; ae § a tribunal as exists in Bankruptcy, before the Lords Justices; before them and the Lord Chan- cellor in Equity ; and power, with the aid of a jury, not only to reverse @ Judgment, but to fix the compensation due to an innocent prisoner. et even more we want the Law of Evidence, in the Crown Courts, en- larged to the practice at Nisi Prius, Let a prisoner be a witness if he chooses ; let his wife be competent to give evidence. A jury is as competent tojudge of its value, as of evidence they may bring to establish an alibi. If Mr. and Mrs. Hatch had been heard on their first trial, the verdict of the first jury would have been satisfactory. Your obedient servant, | | COMPENSATION TO PARDONED CRIMINALS, JusTITIA.

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YIIM May 19, 1860.] THE SPECTATOR. 475 FROUDE’S HISTORY OF ENGLAND," Awone the historians of our day, Mr. Froude oceupies a peculiar . He has research, conscience, learning, and talent of an unusually high order. He is original in his views; he is pains- taking ; he is sympathetic and imaginative. His composition is peculiarly his own ;_ his style almost defies imitation ; his senti- ment is characteristically noble ; and his thoughts in general are wise, appropriate and natural, If his prose has not the rush and low of Lord Macaulay’s*vivid periods; if he cannot command the emphatic rhetoric of Mr, Thomas Carlyle; he yet tells his story with a simple earnest grace, a plain beauty, and an un- affected ease that are entirely his own. An ocvasional diffuseness, or want of concentration, is sometimes apparent ; arising maiuly, perhaps, from an excess of documentary matter, introduced into the text, instead of being relegated, as we should prefer, to an appendix. . ; . In the earlier portion of his projected work, Mr. Froude under- took to rehabilitate the character of King Henry VIII. of famous memory. He is not generally thought to have succeeded in his enterprise. His critics complain, and we think not without rea- son, that he has hardly made out his case. The world refuses to believe that the wife-divorcing and wife-killing monarch was simply the victim of conjugal infelicities. Mr. Froude’s a priori method here meets with no favour. As little does the critical pub- lic seem inclined to accept his view of the condition of the lower classes, or endorse his estimate of the economical legislation under the Tudor king. tiveness of this patriarchal supervision. astatute which professed to secure to every active labourer in England a sum equivalent to twenty shillings of our money, could really have been operative. They cannot recognize the existence of this Saturnian reign of plenty in a period when no fewer than seventy-two thousand persons were executed for theft and robbery. position. They point to the debasement of the silver coin; to the omission | of the enactment of any law to redress the wrongs of the labourer who received less than his stipulated wages ; they adduce evi- dence to show the subserviency of the House of Commons; and they maintain, in their turn, that overpowered and corrupted bya | despotic terror, Court and Parliament alike were predisposed to admit the guilt of those against whom any treasonable accusation was ileal, Convineed of Mr, Froude’s honest advocacy of his seemingly aradoxical opinion, we feel the force of these and similar re- joinders too acutely to rest satistied with his theoretical vindica- tion of the character or policy of that ‘ beloved sovereign,” the | Eighth Harry. On the other hand, we think that Mr. Froude has done valuable service in correcting the balance of popular prepossession which would make his hero a mere vulgar, brainless, anti-uxorious monarch. If he was king Bluebeard, he was not king Bluebeard only. We forget our Hume, if while we contend that his tyranny and barbarity exclude him from the title of a good prince, we deny that he merits in some degree the appellation of a great prince ; that he was courageous, intrepid, vigilant, sa- gacious; open, gallant and liberal, and not without elements of magnanimity. In Henry’s favour and for Mr. Froude’s partial sup- port, we may mention here that Leopold Ranke in his Englische Geschichte, applauds Henry for his strong practical intelligence, his strenuous activity in the promotion of the general interests ; that he even attaches some ad. wa to the religious scruples of the king about his union with Catharine—a union which, as Mr. Froude reminds us, English law in our day would condemn as incestuous ; that he considers his anxiety to secure the succession meritorious ; and that he regards Henry as the continuator of the work which his father had commenced, extending to the spiritual province that national emancipation from foreign influence, which the first Tudor monarch had inaugurated, in the secular domain. But, whatever be the merits or demerits of Mr. Froude’s theory, it will not be found to affect, in any appreciable degree, the con- clusions at which he arrives, in the new volumes of his History. We are inclined, indeed, to predict that these volumes will be welcomed alike by the critical and uncritical public, with unusual cordiality, The narrative which they vahels * remarkable for its generally impartial character. The pathos, .¢ humanity, the lofty beauty, the quiet charm, and true and exalted wisdom, which mark many of their pages, will induce admiring readers to linger spell-bound over them, or turn to them again and yet n. The historical period which they comprise consists of the twelve years which elapsed between the death of Henry VIL, and that of the hapless Sow. It will be remembered that the great Tudor monarch confided the Government of the country, during Edward’s minority, to sixteen executors, none of whom was entrusted with supreme wer. Hertford, however, better known perhaps as Duke of merset, contrived, with the assistance of Sir William Paget, to secure to himself the precedency. The Protector, for so was he now called, was not a successful ruler. He alienated Scotland by an invasion which was intended to compel the marriage of Mary with the young king. He exhausted the public revenues; he trifled away the Imperial alliance. He imperilled the French * History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth. By 0 James Anthony Froude, M.A. late Fellow of Exeter College, Oukerd. Volumes V. and VI. Published by John W. Parker. Men find it impossible to believe in the effec- | They will not admit that | conquests. A rebellion at home, suppressed with a loss of ten thousand lives, and the menace of a formal war with France, were among the results of his administration. Mr. Froude, in- deed, thinks that the blame was not wholly his. Yet he shows that Somerset had violated the conditions on which he held his deputed authority; and aflirms that his colleagues were justified in calling him to account. ‘His intentions had been good, but there were so many of them that he was betrayed b their very number. He had attempted the work of a giant®wit the strength of a woman, and in his failures he was passionate and unmanageable,” Passing over the invasion of Scotland, when was fought the great battle of Pinkie Cleugh, so graphically described by Mr. Froude, we shall advert to the trial and execution of the Pro- tector’s brother, Lord Seymour of Sudleye. This violent and ambitious man had made a party against the Duke; had con- nected himself with the Channel J’irates ; and was to all appear- ance involved in some conspiracy in which Sharington, who had put in circulation a hundred thousand pounds in base coin, largely participated, Seymour was accused and commenced his reply : but, when the more serious charges were pressed against him, gave up his defence, Somerset had endeavoured to overcome the admiral’s jealousy by kindness. He would have interfered, but the Council prevented an interview. Seymour ‘employed his last days in writing to Elizabeth and Mary, urging them to con- spire against his brother.” He died without flinching, for cowardice was not among his faults. Mr. Froude seems to agree with Latimer that “he was a wicked man, and the realm was well rid of him.” Somerset’s own end was not far distant. But first came the popular insurrection, in the north, in the south, in the east, and the west. It was preceded by universal peculation. ‘From the royal palace,” says Mr. Froude, ‘‘to the police-stations on the Tweed, all classes of persons in public employment were contend- ing with each other in the race of plunder and extravagance.” The change of culture, which substituted one shepherd for ten | ploughmen ; the famine prices which followed ; the illegal enclo- sures’ procedure, and the general want and misery led to those initial demonstrations on the part of the people which Somerset said openly that he liked well. It was now the time of the issue | of the first Prayer-Book, It was to come into use at Whitsun- | tide, and the Mass was to be put down and prohibited by law. | The insurrection broke out in the West of England. There it wore a religious character. Wild doings were there in Cornwall and Devonshire. The “barns of Crediton” became a gathering word and a flaming beacon of insurrection ; the peasants of Devon fell ‘in the summer gloaming like stout-hearted valiant men | fighting for their hearths and altars.” In Oxford again, where the eucharistical controversies raged, was sad disorder. ‘To give force to the arguments of Peter Martyr the rope was introduced, and far and wide among the villages, the bodies of the rectors and viears were dangled from their church towers. In the Eastern counties, the insurrection wore another aspect. The | people believing that the commonwealth was betrayed for the government of the few, determined to take the law into their own hands. Here, then, the rebellion was entirely social, The rising under Ket, the tanner of Wymondham; the encampment on Mousehold Hill on the north of Norwich of sixteen thousand men with their turf huts roofed with boughs; the administration of justice under the oak-tree, where the offending county gentle- men were brought up for trial, the fight, the defeat, and execu- tion, are vividly described by Mr. Froude in some admirable pages, which clearly exemplify the nature of this popular insur- rection. The fact is ‘‘ Protestantism” had not succeeded, as how indeed should it? Throughout the reign of Edward VI., the Reform movement fearfully degenerated. A corrupt government, venal courts of law; an impurity to which the licentiousness of the Catholic clergy appeared like innocence; the neglect of the commonest duties of probity and morality; a destructive spirit of innovation ; an enforced speculative theology which excluded the action of a healthy, practical piety, were the apparent results of the religious movement. Mr, Froude paints as with the poet's mystical pencil, dipped in the gloom of thunder and eclipse, the baseness of the great, the misery of the poor, the parvanimity of the wretched tyrannizing gospel professors of this ill-fated time, ‘* The periodic sore of bankruptey” was corroding the body po- litical. The revenue still clung to’the hands by which it was collected. ‘Fines, confiscations, church plate, mint plunder, vanished like fairy gold.” The rapacious Lords of the Council ap- propriated, since we ‘‘must not say stole,” estates worth in modern currency, about five millions; while the silver coin was debased again and again and the Government attempted to enforce violently an arbitrary system of prices, Genevan theology had supplanted the Lutheran; and the tyranny of Protestantism had become intolerable. After Somerset’s deposition from power, mat- ters grew even worse. The ex-Protector, now more tolerant, took Mary’s part against the Lords of the Council, and at last endea- voured ‘* to regain his power from the hands by which it had been wrested from him.” Before his Bm however, were matured, Somerset was betrayed by Sir Thomas Palmer. It seems im- possible to establish his guilt or to prove his innocence. If we may credit the testimony of Renard, the Emperor Charles’ minis- ter, Warwick, or Northumberland, as he was shortly to be confessed before his own death, that the Duke of Somerset, k through his means, been falsely accused. The world at the time entertained no such uncertainty, Somerset was passionately

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476 THE SPECTATOR. [May 19, 1860. loved ; and, when the headsman’s arm had fallen, this victim of Northumberland’s treachery, if such he was, was mourned and honoured by the English people. N ateubnlend inherited his rival’s power, though without the title, which sanctioned its legitimate exercise. He succeeded in making himself almost absolute. Selfish, ambitious, and unscru- pulous ; and clearly puns that the accession of the growingly popular Princess Mary would insure his own downfall, he deter- mined to change the succession, in contravention of the King’s will and a parliamentary enactment. The disastrous consequences are too notorious to require elucidation. the rebellion; Lady Jane Grey, on whose fate and character Mr. Froude has written some splendid sentences, in his own clear and lustrous style, became the Iphigenia of the faction. Protestant- ism had made many false steps. There needed only treason for its temporary defeat. It had already exhibited an ‘ offensive combination of sacrilege and spoliation with a pedantry which could not bear the sound of the church bells and regarded an organ as impious ;” it had subjected the clergy to a compulsory cukapigtion to the forty-two articles. Already the universal cor- ruption of public functionaries, the sufferings of the poor, the ruin of the currency and the embarrassment of the finances, reflected double discredit on the opinions of which these were considered the results, And now, when Northumberland raised the standard of rebellion, after the death of the poor boy-king, indignant and alienated England willingly rallied round the throne of a Catholic sovereign : ‘‘ God save the Queen, ” says our historian rung from ten thousands of throats. ** The glad news spread like lightning through London, and the pent-up hearts of the citizens poured themselves out in a torrent of exultation. Above the human cries, the long silent church-bells clashed again into life: first, began St. Paul’s, where happy chance had saved them from destruc- tion ; then one by one every pest which had been spared caught up the sound; and through the summer evening and the summer night, and all the next day, the metal tongues from tower and steeple gave voice to Eng- land’s gladness. The Lords, surrounded by the chanting multitude, walked in state to St. Paul’s, where the choir again sung a Te Deum, and the un- used organ rolled out once more its mighty volume of music. As they came out again at the close of the service, the apprentices were heaping —_ of wood for bonfires at the crossways. The citizens were spreading tables in the streets, which their wives were loading with fattest capons and choicest wines ; there was free feasting for all comers ; and social jealousies, religious hatreds, were forgotten for the moment in the ectasy of the common delight. Even the retainers of the Dudleys in fear, or joy, tore their badges out of their caps, and trampled on them.” It was all over with Northumberland’s dreams of ambition ; all over with the poor “ Twelth day Queen,” whose doom, however, was deferred for a time; for Mary was so little cruel when she first came to the throne that she would have pardoned even the arch-rebel himself. But this could not be, and Northumberland, with Sir John Gates and Sir Thomas Palmer, suffered the death of traitors at Tower Hill. Apostates from the principles of the Reformation, which two of them openly disavowed in their death, they were occasions of triumph to the Catholic party, and instru- ments of the present failure of the Protestant cause, now weak- ened by unsuccessful treason, and apparently deserted by Heaven. England’s reconciliation with Rome was now celebrated with pompous ceremonial in Whitehall, by the hysterical dreamer and melodramatic prelate, Reginald Pole. Then came the Spanish marriage, with its glittering vision of a messianic child; then followed the waking dream; and Mary, the loving adoring wife, knew herself childless and husbandless, a blighted and a dying woman, Mr. Froude speaks very touchingly, and, we think truly, of this thrice-pitiable Queen. He does not consider her rincipally responsible for the baleful fires that lit up the Smith- eld Golgotha and expiated, by the death of noble men, the crimes of a loathly and putrescent Protestantism. [is portraits of Mary, of Pole, of Renard, of Latimer, Hooper, Philip, Cran- mer, and many others, all testify to Froude’s admirable de- scriptive talents, It is not alone his graphic power which we admire, but his lucid presentments of character, his penetrative perception, his delicate touch; the pathos and the charm of his verbal pictures. Gencrally speaking, too, we find ourselves in agreement with Mr. Froude’s moral verdicts. Thus, we think his estimate of Cranmer an accurate one, on the whole, far truer than that of the depreciators of a man, who, if he sometimes was de- ficient in courage, yet knew how to be deliberately and nobly brave. In evil days, when the Gospellers slunk away, Cranmer refused to fly ; in an hour of extreme peril, he had the hardihood to vindicate the doctrines which he taught, and to challenge con- troversial opposition. Cranmer is held by our appreciating his- torian to have been, when he trusted to his own convictions, the true representative of the feelings of the best among his country- men. While the Church of England remains, observes Mr. Froude, the image of Cranmer will be seen reflected on the calm surface of the Liturgy; the one admirable thing which the un- happy reign of Edward produced. To Cranmer we owe those prayers, translations from the Breviary, that in their ‘silvery melody of language,” and simplicity of spirit, ‘chime like church bells in the ears of the English child.” Yet even Cranmer, mild, wise, and tolerant for his age, was in one capital instance not before that age. Catholic and Pro- testant alike, in that evil time, taught that in the eyes of the Maker of the world, an error of belief is the greatest of crimes ; that while for all other sins there is forgiveness, a mistake in the intellectual intricacies of speculative opinion will be punished not with the brief agony of a painful eath, but with tortures to which there shall be no end.” Of this ‘superstition,’ we em- ploy Mr. Froude’s own expression, the Marian persecution was Cranmer was drawn into | ‘a legitimate fruit.” Calvin advised the Protector Somersct, in a letter addressed to him in 1548, to punish with the sword the Anabaptist and Romanist reactionaries. ‘‘ John Knox, the shrewdest and one of the noblest Reformers, did not conceal his opinion that Gardiner, Bonner, and Cuthbert” Tunstal, might have been justly put to death for noneonformity ; and Cranmer, assistcd by Fox “the Martyrologist, produced the still-born volume, in which he claimed the continued privilege of sending obstinate heretics to the stake.” Happily, the King, boy as he was, chanced to be practically more clear-sighted than the Arch- bishop of Canterbury himself, and the Reformatio Legum of 1552, serves to attest only the theoretic acceptance by Protestants of the atrocious doctrine, inseparable from all supernatural dogma- tology, that ‘ the discipline of the law must be extended from crimes against society to ‘speculative’ sins against God; to erroneous opinions. This tyranny of the controversial Evangelicalism of Edward's reign, helped largely to aid the reaction against Protestantism, and to aceclerate its suppression. The work of the first Reformers had to be done again. When aristocratic brigandage, and gospel despotism, and murderous ambition, and treasonable insurrection, were duly expiated, the ‘illustrious cause ” of national re- formation had once more its divine opportunities, its worthy champions, and its deserved triumphs. THE MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE OF SHAKSPEARE,* In his excellent work, Zhe Psychology of Shakespeare, published last year, Dr. Buckuili laid open, and well nigh exhausted, a new and precious mine of Shaksperian criticism. His purpose then was to elucidate the profound and accurate knowledge of mental disease in all its forms and stages which the great poet has dis- played in many of his dramatic creations ; and this he did most convincingly, even to the extent of showing that in knowledge of medico-psychologieal principles, Shakspeare was not only far in advance of his own times, but had even anticipated the latest conclusions of modern science. In the present work, Dr. Buck- nill discusses the extent of Shakspeare’s knowledge of medicine, aud the degree to which he was influenced by medical trains of thought ; and the conclusion arrived at is, that Shakspeare, who must have been an insatiable devourer of books, as well as a most keen observer of men, was a diligent student of all the medical knowledge of his day, and that his acquirements therein were scarcely, if at all, inferior to the legal attainments which Lord Campbell has proved that he possessed. Dr. Bucknill dedicates his new book to Lord Campbell, by whose example he was induced to write it, but he does not imitate his lordship so closely as to infer that Shakspeare ever served an apprenticeship to physic. He even indicates plainly enough the radical defect of the Chan- cellor’s “learned and ingenious argument that this intellectual king of men had devoted seven good years of his life to the prac- tice of the law.” Inferences from the appropriate use of technical phraseology need to be drawn with caution even in our own day, when every calling is so defined, and separated from every other calling ; and with still greater caution in reference to times when no such subdivision of labour prevailed, ‘In the olden time, a man might be an admiral, and a general, and a statesman, and a country gentleman, and somewhot of a lawyer, doctor, and divine into the bargain; and this universality of education stamped itself upon the works of the old authors; upon those of Montaigne for instance, and, above all, upon those of Shakespeare. Hence arises the easy possi- bility of misjudging the calling of an old writer from the professional know- ledge indicated in his works. There is more of medicine than of law in Bacon’s Essays and Advancement of Learning, and nearly as much of law as of medicine in Rabelais; yet the former was a practising lawyer and judge; while the latter was a ins een, and a medical as well as a general author; who, in addition to his immortal biography of Panta- gruel and Panurge, translated the Aphorisms of Hippocrates, and some of Galen’s works. There is, perhaps, no author who so profusely employs technical terms as Rabelais, and this not only in medicine and in law, but in maritime and other professional business ; so that this readiness of one author to use the terms of art proper to several callings greatly decreases the pao of such word-signs as an indication of the calling of the author him- sell, The fact established by Dr. Bucknill in the work under review furnishes another argument, if that were needed, against the va- lidity of Lord Campbell’s conclusion above mentioned. ** If it be attempted to argue that Shakespeare had obtained his knowledge either of law or medicine by any formal connexion with either of these pro- fessions, it must be admitted that the arguments mutually invalidate each other; since the double event, say of his having been both a lawyer’s clerk and a doctor's apprentice, is far more improbable than either single event would be. But ifthe argument only be urged, that Shakespeare had been a diligent student both of medicine and law, not for professional purposes, but for the sake of increasing his general information, it would seem that the evidence of diligent study in either department of knowledge would for- tify the evidence of such study in the other department ; for the great hun- gry mind, which had an appetite for all accessible knowledge in one of the large divisions into which the knowledge of cause and effect may be sepa- rated, would in all probability be far from satisfied without appropriating to itself the counterpart of such knowledge from the complementary de- partment.” It will be seen from these extracts that Dr. Bucknill’s new book has one great merit, that of not attempting to prove too much. Its subject unquestionably possesses much interest ; but less it must be owned, than that of the author’s preceding work, because the one is not so immediately identified with the mind of Shak- speare as is the other. Let us illustrate our meaning by a paral- lel instance. Anatomists who have studied Homer have delighted in remarking the accurate knowledge of the human frame which * The Medical Knowledge of Shakespeare. By John Charles Buckaill, M.D., &e. Published by Longman and Co,

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VIIM May 19, 1860.] THE SPECTATOR. 477 is manifested in each of his descriptions of a great variety of wounds, This accuracy of knowledge could only have been ob- tained by his own personal observation and reflection; and, therefore, it stands, for us who contemplate it as direct evidence of what Homer had seen with his own eyes, and worked out in his own thoughts—not of what he had learned by tradition or other- wise, as having been the observations and opinions of Podalirius and Machaon. Moreover, what he has thus described is abso- lutely true, true for all time. Ifa modern anatomist had to de- scribe a wound inflicted by the passage of a spear through a human body from one given point to another, he would be more minute in details than Homer has been; he would name for in- stance the principal arteries, veins, and nerves, injured by the weapon, but he would omit from his description nothing that Homer had set down. On the other hand, if seme Greek scholar, endowed with all Dr. Bucknill’s professional acumen, were to build up with materials gathered from the Iliad and Odyssey a complete history of medical and surgical art in the Homeric age, the work would certainly be curious and valuable, but it would not add much to our knowledge of physical nature; and we should prize it much more for what it revealed to us of its im- mediate subject, than for the light it reflected on the genius of Homer. stig The same distinction is applicable with greatly inereased force to Shakspeare’s case. In the passages of medical import with which his works abound, we find him invariably using at second | hand the thoughts and language of others ; in his portraitures of mental maladies, on the contrary, we see him face to face with na- | ture, and interpreting her broadest purport and her subtlest mean- ings with a force of intuition never given to any other mortal. Dr. Bucknill’s ingenious researches have clearly established the fact, that ‘‘ Shakspeare’s theoretical knowledge of medicine closely corresponded to that prevailing at his time amongst its pro- fessors,” and consequently that it had its full share of the ig- norance and errors belonging to the latter, in an age when na- tural science had not yet been called into existence by Bacon, and when “the isolated facts of knowledge were obscured by the ‘musty vapours,’ and ‘ rotten damps’ of superstition.” We take then this new work thankfully indeed, but for what it is worth, andno more. We hold it to be greatly inferior to its predecessor —inevitably so—in intrinsic value, but still a useful and wel- come contribution to Shaksperian literature. It is a very amusing book, abounding with curious recondite matter, presented ina popular form. It goes through the plays and poems seriatim and comments upon and explains, say on a rough calculation, be- tween four and five hundred passages, so that it ought to be of no mean importance as a book of reference; but its value in that respect is sadly impaired by its wanting an index of any sort. How long will authors and publishers persist in such blunders as this, to their own injury, and to the endless vexation of readers ? They should beware of the saying, ‘Si non vis intelligi, debes negligi; and a book which pretends to be written for other ends than to be once skimmed through like a novel, and which yet has no index, is a book that non vult intelligi. Readers desiring ex- planation of a particular passage, may find it without much diffi- culty in Dr. Bucknill’s book, provided they know to what play it belongs, but not otherwise; if, however, they wish to compare his remarks upon it, with those he has made on parallel passages, they can only effect their purpose by going over the whole book from beginning to end. We hope the author may have an oppor- tunity of repairing this great fault in a second edition. A caciecapeedngaleliaseds CASTLE RICHMOND,* Goop wine needs no bush. We need not tell our readers that Castle Richmond is a clever and amusing novel, for its author’s name is warrant enough for them of that fact. Critics may shake their sagacious heads at the dangerous rapidity with which book after book issues from Mr. Anthony Trollope’s hand, but the books are all good, and the critics are silenced. But they are not beaten; it still remains true, notwithstanding one or another signal instance to ‘the contrary, that hasty workmanship generally makes bad work; and Messrs. X., Y., and Z. may be assured that the odds are enormously against them if they be tempted to follow Mr. Trollope’s example. Even he himself, with all his extraordinary nimbleness, cannot avoid paying some small forfeits to time. Capable as he is of writing pure, racy, and plea- sant English, nothing but over-haste can account for the lapses into slovenly and ungrammatical language, of which he is habitu- ally guilty. Such phrases as ‘“‘ whether or no,” ‘those sort of things,” “to do other than,” are of frequent occurrence in all his novels—for instance, ‘‘She did not ask herself whether or no she would ultimately accept his love” (Barchester Towers, p. 72), “Whether he had done anything that he ought to be ashamed of or no” (Castle Richmond . p. 53). Let us see how these sen- tences look after a little transposition and filling-up of ellipses, thus—She did not ask herself whether she would or [would] no ultimately accept his love. Whether he had done or [had] no {done} anything, &c. To use the word “other” instead of “otherwise,” as in the following sentence from Barchester Towers, is not justified either by analogy or authority: “It was impossible that man or woman should do other than look at her.” Which and what are not interchangeable, though the heroine of Castle Richmond thinks other, as Mr. Trollope would say. “* And now, Clara, what is all this?’ said the Countess, ‘All _* Castle Richmond. A Novel, By Anthony Trollope, In three volumes, Pub- lished by Chapman and Hall, which, mamma?’” is Lady Clara’s reply; and the author asks, “Can any one blame her im that she so far equivocated?” In another place, he thus apotrophizes his readers, ‘‘Oh, my friends! be not hard on him in that he was thus weeping like a woman.” In both sentences for would have been more germane to the mat- ter than in. One of the grossest offences against grammar to which Mr. Trollope is much addicted, is exemplified in the fol- — sentences. ‘Eleanor [the Warden’s daughter] had in- tended to have gone with her sister.”—‘‘ Had his decision not have been sudden, might not the life of that old baronet have been saved?” This is equivalent to stating that the decision had have been sudden, a that Eleanor’s intention had been to be after going with her sister, as they say in Ireland. Mr. Trollope’s new novel has its scene in the south of Ireland. | in the year of the Famine; but none of its main issues are evolved | out of that great calamity. Their connexion with itis casual, and | just close enough to furnish in a suitable manner the secondary | machinery and incidents of the story, to supply occasion for some of | the comings and goings, the occupations and the talk of the dra- | matis persone, and to give to the story of the principal personages such a background of local and historical reality as serves to heighten its scenic illusion, and does not injuriously distract at- tention from the leading theme. The author’s management of this portion of his materials is exceedingly judicious. He was in Ireland during the famine, travelling over its highways and byways in all directions, seeing everywhere the misery of the time, almost with the same fulness of opportunity as if he had been sent on a mission for its relief, but with a freedom of judg- ment which hardly any one could have retained amidst the distract- ing exigencies of such a position. Being, as everybody knows, not only a graphic writer but a man of approved administrative faculty, he must have a great deal to say about the terrible event | of which he was so close an observer; but he is too good an artist to say it all in the wrong place. What he has said is eminentl worthy of perusal, and will obtain it the more readily, and wi the better effect, in consequence of the author’s judicious reticence, Love, and the disputed succession to a baronetcy and an unen- cumbered estate of twelve thousand a year, are the pivots upon which the story turns. The hero, Herbert Fitzgerald, is a young gentleman of respectable rather than heroic qualities. Opposed to him is his cousin Owen, who is indeed a man of heroic mould in soul and body, and as like Achilles as, in peaceful times, an Irish squire of 800/. a year can be like the royal and half-divine warrior of Phthia. Owen wins the love of Lady Clara, the daughter of the widowed Countess of Desmond, but the latter for- bids their union, and obtains a promise from her daughter that she will neither see nor correspond with her lover. The wrathfal lover, we regret to say, does not solace himself with lyre and song like his great prototype, but with furiously fast living, which brings him into evil repute with his steady-going neigh- bours. Lady Clara, mourning over his apparent unworthiness, believes it her duty to stifle her love for him, and even transfers her affections, in a sober, unimpassioned sort, to his well-behaved cousin. Meanwhile, the beautiful Countess, who is still two or three years on the sunny side of forty, would gladly give her own hand to the man to whom she had refused her daughter’s; but now comes an astounding discovery. It appears that the rightful heir to the baronctey and the estate is not Herbert but Owen, The Countess would now sacrifice her own secret hopes to the worldly welfare of her dowerless daughter, but her plans are thwarted in every direction, Clara will not forsake Herbert; his misfortune has intensified her lukewarm love for him to passion heat ; and Owen will take neither the baronetcy nor the estate; he will not rob his cousin, but he will hold his own against him, for nothing can shake his belief in Clara’s constancy. Such is the state of perplexity to which things have come before the end of the meted 4 volume ; further it is not our cue to go. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. Lorp Brovenam’s Law Rerorms by Sir John E, Eardley-Wilmot, is a reprint, in a portable form, of a book which we noticed last year Its reduction in bulk has been made in compliance with an opinion generally expressed that it would benefit the cause of Law Amendment, and has been effected by omitting the Acts and Bills. But a list of them has been retained, together with the summaries prefixed to each section of the law, as they were arranged in the larger work. Dr. Heron’s Inrropucrion to tHe History or Jurisprupencer is an octavo volume of more than 800 pages, in which the author has “at- tempted to give an historical review of the great authors who have scien- tifically cultivated law, combined with a sketch of its internal develop- ment.” It is a work of great research, graceful and animated in style. Sir Michael Faraday’s Lecrures on tue Puysicat Forces treat of gravitation, cohesion, chemical wees heat, magnetism, electricity, and the correlation of all these. Having been especially intended for young persons, they are as free as possible from technicalities; and, being printed word for word as they were spoken, they offer to the reader, as nearly as anything short of actual sight and hearing could do, all the in- struction and delight enjoyed by the audience to whom they were ad- dressed by their unriva led authcr. Srartiine Facts, Truly so. Here are a few of them, as ae by the Reverend Secretary to the Clerical Fund and Poor Clergy Relief Society. A clergyman of twenty-five years’ standing has for that period had only an average income of 44/. per annum. He has now 80/. —_ as a curate, in sole charge with a population of 12,000; he is bu med with debt, and has to maintain a delicate wife and a young family. A curate, his wife and seven children, lived for two months on bread and water. A poor incumbent, with seven children, has been obliged to

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478 THE SPECTATOR. [May 19, 1860. build a house, and borrow 300/. for the purpose, at 6 per cent; he can never afford animal food for himself and his family more than once a week, An incumbent, with 597. per annum, has a wife and eight chil- dren, another daily expected, and only 1s. 5d. to meet its expenses. A vicar, who has brought up seven sons and a daughter in a most credit- able manner, writes to the Society :—‘‘ I stand greatly in need of aid, having a large family to support on an income of little more than 50/. per annum, after being forty years a minister of the Church.” Great numbers; of the clergy eagerly accept blankets, under-clothing, and second-hand wearing apparel. One of them says—‘ Did we not meet with such kind supplies from time to time, we must be destitute of clothing.” Mr. Jervis says:—‘‘ I know a case of one poor man, in a diocese, afraid or ashamed to tell of his poverty. He was a self- enying, single man, upright, religious, and charitable beyond his means. A fever broke out in his parish. He tended the sick with his own hands, he gave to them of his own. There was no doctor within ten miles : he was parson and doctor too for many weeks. At last, he was taken ill himself. Out of his slender means he had to pay for his duty to be taken. When able to resume his services, he did so, with weakened body and straitened means. He looked at his little hoard of money, It wanted three weeks to quarter-day ; he divided his fund into twenty-one parts ; for everything he paid ready money ; on principle, he would not incur a debt. He had little else than bread to live upon, weakened and emaciated as he was. He had spent his last penny on a roll. The day was Satur- day, quarter-day. No letter containing the expected cheque. Sunday came : no letter. He goes to church without food ; he tries to read the ser- vice, breaks down, and is carried home fainting, for want of nourishment. And what a sight did his home present! Not a crumb, a crust, or bone in any cupboard. The truth flashed out upon his poor parishioners, that their minister was starving. Te was dying of hunger, and almost mad. He sank down on a chair, when he came to himself, and cried like a baby. They learnt that, save a bit of bread, he had not tasted food for three whole days, A poor farmer’s wife got the whole truth out of him ; she tended him like a child, fed him from her table, nursed him tenderly, and, with kindly care, he rallied. I know for a fact this case to be true. It is certainly shocking, and very startling. ‘The case is not an isolated one. The poor clergy bear their sufferings in silence, till the pressure becomes unendurable, when the lunatic asylum or a merciful death solves for them that saddest problem of human life—‘ Why some men are born to suffer.’”’ When the old ground on which we stood securely has mouldered away from beneath our feet, what does it behove us todo? ‘To cling to the hope of its recovery ? or to venture onwards in search of new ground of trust? In spiritual matters the former alternative is generally pre- ferred, under the dread of failure after much toil to achieve the latter. Miss Hennell, a lady whose comprehensiveness of view, perspicacity, and good faith as an inquirer have been unanimously acknowledged by writers of every shade of opinion, has adopted the more strenuous of the two courses; and, having found init what she sought, she has written her Tuovcuts rn Arp or Farru for the comfort and guidance of wan- derers who are not yet assured of their way. Faith she finds to be the end and the reward of all earnest and honest speculation persistently pursued. Such has been the result in her own case of twenty years of study and meditation. ‘My feeling,” she says, “is that of having found, to my own sphere of thought, a North-West passage through the dim icy region of Speculation, out to a farther issue that has brought me—not without glimpses of arctic glories by the way !—round again | into the genial clime of temperate habitation. And hence it is impossible not to desire to mark a record of the track.” Practicat Reiicion contRASTED With THronocicaL Trerortes is a collection of twenty-four discourses delivered before congregations of “Independent Religious Reformers” in Finsbury and Chelsea. cardinal doctrine they teach is that all creeds and forms are things essentially distinct from religion, and more or less antagonistic to it. Religion underlies them all; they have been devised as symbols to resent its essence, but it is impossible that they should do this truly. * They do not either constitute religion or operate in any great degree to promote its growth; they only supplement it, and afford a sort of mould in which ideas may be shaped and exhibited. A man has his | religion before he becomes faithful as a Mahomedan, a Confucian, a Brahmin, or a Christian; and it is only when this antecedent has been fully developed, that vital religion, properly so called, really begins to live in any human mind.” Books. Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours, during an Eighteen Years’ Residence in Eastern Africa. By the Reverend Dr, J, Lewis Krapf. With an Appendix by E. G. Ravenstein, F.R.G.L. With Portrait, Maps, and Ll- lustrations of Scenery and Costume. Thoughts in Aid of Faith, gathered chiefly from recent works in Theology and Philosophy. By Sara S. Hennell. Practical Religion contrasted with Theological Theories. Philip William Perfitt. Obscure Diseases of the Brain and Disorders of the Mind: their Incipient Symptoms, Pathology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prophylaxis. By Forbes Winslow, M.D. > _— to the History of Jurisprudence. By D. Caulfield Heron, Discourses by and Rearing of The Wild Sports of India: with Remarks on the Breedin y Captain Henry Horses, and the Formation of Light Irregular Cavalry. Shakespeare, Commandant Nagpore Irregular Force. Recollections of Baron Gros’s Embassy to China and Japan, in 1857-58. By the Marquis de Moges, Attaché to the Mission, (Authorized translation.) With coloured Illustrations. A Course of Lectures on the various Forces of Matter, and their relation to each other. By Michael Faraday, D.C.L., &c, Edited by William Crookes, F.C.8. With numerous Illustrations, The Irish Convict System, more especially Intermediate Prisons. Franz von Holtzendorff. Translated from the German. The Curates of Riversdale. Recollections in the Life of a Clergyman. Written by Himself. In three volumes. The Firstborn ; or a Mother's Trials. By the Author of “ My Lady.” In three volumes. Helen Mordaunt: * Naomi,” &c, & Startling Facts an ey be Poverty and Distress of Four Hundred Clergy- men of the Church of England, By the Reverend W. G. Jervis, M.A. Pass and Class : an Oxford Guidebook through the Course of Litere Huma- ores, Math ics, N Sci , and Law and Modern History, By Montague Burrows, M.A, By Baron or the Standard of Life, By Mrs. Webb, Author of The | Middle Class Atlas : comprising a Series of Six Coloured Maps. For the Use of Junior Candidates preparing for the Oxford Local Examinations, By Walter M’Leod. Some of My Contributions in Rhyme to Periodicals in Bygone Days, Bya Septuagenarian. New Eprtions anp Reprints. Lord Brougham’s Law Reforms : comprising the Acts and Bills introduced or carried by him through the Legislature since 1811; with an Analytical Re. view of them, By Sir John E, Eardley-Wilmot, Bart. Kathie Brande ; a Fireside History of a Quiet Life, By Holme Lee, Author of * Sylvan Holt’s Daughter,” Xe. The Baddington Peerage; Who Won, and who Wore it. A story of the Best and the Worst Society. By George Augustus Sala, In three volumes, LITERARY NEWS. A “Greek History, from Themistocles to Alexander,” by A. H, Clough, late Fellow of Oriel College, Oxon ; and a series of “ Elementary Examples in Practical Mechanics,” by the Reverend J. F. Twisden, M.A., are announced as forthcoming by Messrs. Longman and Co, “The Life of our Lord historically considered, being the Hulsean Lectures for 1859,” by the Reverend Charles John Ellicott; and “ The Epistles of the New Testament, practically and critically explained for English readers,” by the Reverend C. C. Prichard, are about to be pub- lished by Messrs. J. W. Parker and Son. Mr. Bentley has in the press the third yolume of M. Guizot’s “Me. moirs of my own Time,” and the second and concluding volume of Lord Dundonald’s Memoirs. Ie announces also as forthcoming ‘ Stories from the Sandhills,” by Hans Christian Andersen; ‘The Corsair and his | Conqueror: a tour in Algeria,” by Henry E. Pope; and “The Oldest of the Old World,” by Sophia M. Eckley. Messrs. Smith, Elder, and Co. have in the press a new work by Holme Lee, “The Wortlebank Diary, and Stories from Kathie Brande’s Portfolio.” Among the works about to be published shortly by Messrs. Blackwood is one entitled ‘“‘ Rough Types of English Life,” by the late Jelinger Cookson Symons, Esq., H.M. Inspector of Schools. The reputation of the author warrants the expectation that the work will be read with great interest. A literary discovery of some importance has been made at Liverpool. A papyrus, brought from Thebes by the Reverend Henry Stobart, and now in Mr. Mayer’s museum of antiquities, was found to contain the 19th chapter of St. Matthew written in the Greek Uncial character, which gives a new version of the long misunderstood part of the 24th | verse, relating to the passage of a camel through the eye of a needle. We understand that Mr. J. H. Simpson has received permission to translate all the writings of the Emperor of the French, and that the translation will in due time be published “by authority’ through the house of Messrs. Saunders, Otley, and Co. The “ Virginia Historical Society,” U.8., has decided to publish the principal part of a a diary kept by Washington on his tour through the Southern States in 1791, the MSS. of which is now in the possession of the Socicty. The work is to be issued by Mr. C. B, Richardson, New York, proprietor of the Historical Magazine. Among noticeable publications now preparing in the United States, are a new “ Life of George Washington,” by the Honourable Edward Everett ; and a work on the Dacotah Indian Tribes, giving an account of their manners, customs, language, religion, &c., by Mr. James Lynd, | of Henderson, Minnesota. Messrs. Hachette and Co., Paris, have just published two volumes of ‘“*(Euvres de Lord Macaulay : Biographies, Essais Historiques, Critiques, et Littéraires.” The translation of the work is by Messrs, A. Pichot, A. Joanne, and E. D. Forgues. A new work from the pen of M. Arséne Houssaye, entitled ‘ Histoire de l’Art Francais au Dix-huitiéme Siecle,” is announced by M. Henri Plon, Paris. Mer. Dupanloup, the well-known ultramontane Bishop of Orleans, is engaged on an “ Histoire du Pouvoir Temporal doela Papauté,” the first part of which is to appear at the beginning of June next. “« Londres, les Anglais, et I’ Angleterre,” a volume of travels, by M. L. | Larcher, has been published by Dentu, Paris, It is described in the preface as “ L’ Angleterre Photographiée.”’ The same publisher announces a work by M. Henri Bacques, called ‘1’ Empire de la Femme,” which is to be an historical sketch of the ins fluence which women have exercised in France, from the Middle Ages to the present time. The edition for 1860 of the “ Annuaire Diplomatique.” was issued this week by Berger-Levrault, Paris. Curiously enough, the Princes of Parma and Modena, as well as the Grand Duke of Tuscany, still figure in this work among the reigning sovereigns of Europe. “Les Maitresses de Louis XV., decrites d’aprés des documens tout nouveaux,” by Messrs. Edmond and Jules Goncourt, is the title of a large work, in two volumes, just published by Firmin Didot, fréres. M. Charles de Rémusat has published this week, through Michel Lévy, fréres, Paris, ‘‘ Politique libérale, ou Fragmens pour servir 4 la Défense de la Révolution Franeaise.””’ The work consists of essays, some of which have already appeared in print. “Le Drapeau Catholique,” a new ultramontane paper, edited by M. Charles de Bussy, has made its appearance at Paris, The first part of a great Russian Encyclopedia, edited by Dr. Kraev- skii, with the assistance of some of the best Sclavonic writers, has been published at St. Petersburg. The work, according to Le Nord, is sub- ventioned from the private purse of Czar Alexander. Professor Tischendorf, the celebrated discoverer of the oldest known Manuscripts of the Bible, found in the convent on Mount Sinai, has re- turned to St. Petersburg, to superintend the publication of this important work, The Russian government has granted him for this purpose half- a-million of rubles to enable him to engage the most skilful compositors, and have type cast exactly like the letters of the original. The publi- cation is to appear in three large folios ag the original ; and a fourth volume, with the editor's commentaries, in Latin, on the more than seven thousand new readings. It is expected that the work will be published at St. Petersburg in the summer of 1862.

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dor Re- thor Best t of le’s ger \ of ith ol. ind the ith to the of XUM May 19, 1860.] THE SPECTATOR. 479 Ghe Cheatres. Le Savetur de la Rue Quincampoiz, a long drama illustrative of the frantic times of John Law, which was brought out last winter at Paris, has been cut down into a short piece of the domestic kind, in order to | provide Mr. Wigan, who has been reéngaged at the Adelphi, with an | entirely new character. He represents an honest cobbler, coarse in | manners, but above his station in delicacy of feeling, who has adopted a young girl in infancy, and fondly hopes that when the time arrives for a disavowal of the parental relation, she will accept him for a husband. | Bitterly disappointed at the discovery that she has fixed her affections elsewhere, he, nevertheless, resolves to promote her happiness to the ut- most of his power, saves her from the designs of a villain, and, having speculated luckily in South Sea stock, he enriches the youth of her choice with a portion of his wealth. The task implied in the delineation of this character is the exhibition of a deep sorrow, that refuses to allow it- self free utterance ; and this is exactly suited to the refined, unexag- gerated school of acting, which finds its type in Mr. Wigan. A lady of high position, who proves to be the mother of the girl, but who dares not ayow her maternity for fear of revealing the fact of a secret marriage, is raised to importance by Mrs. Wigan, who successfully solves that most thankless of histrionic problems,—the effective delivery of a long narra- tive, unrelieved by a single hint of violent motion. At the end of the piece, the cobbler, who is greatly encumbered with his suddenly acquired wealth, is as suddenly ruined by the explosion of the South Sea Bubble, and, delighted with a return to his pristine poverty, declares that—ZJ?’s an Ill Wind that blows Nobody Good,—an ejaculation that gives the English piece its title. Mr. Phelps is progressing through a scries of his favourite characters at the Princess’s, prefaced on some occasions with a new farce by Mr. Howard Paul, entitled Thrice Married. The only object of this trifle is to show Miss C. Leclereq as a Spanish duenna and a French songstress, and it fully answers its purpose. On Monday the 28th, a series of French plays will commence at the St. James's, with a better prospect of success than any enterprise of the kind that has been known since the days of Mr. Mitchell. M. Got, M. Brin- deau, Mademoiselle Delphin Fox, and Mademoiselle Adéle Page, stand prominent among the members of the announced company ; and the names of several important pieces, old and new, appear in the programme. PA usir. We mentionel last week that there had been a performance of Don Giovanni at Her Majesty’s Theatre, and of the Barhiére di Siviglia at the Royal Italian Opera. Since then, Don Giovanni has been performed at Covent Garden, and the Jarbitre di Siviglia at Mer Majesty’s Theatre. The Covent Garden performance of Dox Giovanni was on Saturday last, and again on Thursday. Mario (as last year) was the Don Gio- vanni; a part for which, dramatically speaking, he is preéminently qualified ; though there is one thing—his tenor yoice—which detracts from the excellence of his performance; for he cannot sing the music without taking liberties with it which no one who has a due respect for the text of Mozart can tolerate. When, last season, he firsteommitted what wecannot “~ calling those outrages on a composer whose music ought to be held sacred, he was duly and severely censured by every critic of any authority ; but he was applauded by the multitude, and that was enough forhim. He has resumed the part, and again sung the music as before, altering and deforming it in many places, so that it can no longer be re- cognized. He might do this with impunity so long as there was no one to rival him in the part. But, now that we have at the other house, in Everardi, a performer who acts the character nearly (if not altogether) as well, and who sings the music much better, since he sings it with purity, as Mozart wrote it, Signor Mario should consider that a comparison is unavoidably made, very much to his disadvantage. The transcendant power and beauty of Grisi’s Donna Anna are well-known. On the first night she was prevented by indisposition from appearing, and her place was ably supplied by Madame Rudersdorff ; but on the second night she acted and sang as superbly as ever. Madame Csillag’s appearance in the character of Donna Elvira was a remarkable novelty. This great actress and singer gave due interest and importance to a part which, in this country, is not understood, because it is never properly acted or sung. While Lablache lived, Ronconi was his only rival in the part of Lepo- rello ; and, now that he is dead, Ronconi is his only successor. Penco is as captivating a Zerlina as it is possible toimagine. Gardoni, as Ottavio, sings with grace and sweetness, but not with Mario’s fervour of expres- sion. The character, which is utterly insipid, gives no scope to the powers of the actor. The Barbiere di Siviglia, at Her Majesty's Theatre, derives a fresh at- traction from the new Rosina, Madame Borghi-Mamo, The two Rosinas at the two houses are both so charming, though by no means alike, that we cannot give the preference to either. Miolan-Carvalho has the French tournure ; her piquant vivacity reminds us of the Opéra Comique. Borghi-Mamo, with less smartness, has, perhaps, more simplicity. In regard to singing, Borghi- Mamo has rather the advantage ; for her voice, Ng & mezzo-soprano, enables her to sing the music as it is written ; her embellishments, though sometimes very florid, not being at variance with the composer’s intentions. Belart sings sweetly as usual; but his figure and manner are not sufficiently distingués for the Count Almaviva. So intelligent a performer as Everardi could not fail to be a good Figaro —perhaps a little more abandon would be desirable. Of the remaining personages, Bartholo and Basilio, neither the one nor the other was up to the mark. At the New Philharmonic concert on Monday evening, the most re- markable feature was the appearance of Herr Lubeck, the young German Pianist whom we mentioned last week, and who, by his superb execution of Weber's Concert-stiick, again made good his dates to be regarded as one of the greatest pianists of the day. The Concert of the Vocal Association on Wednesday evening, was one | of the best and most successful performances which that Society has | Siven. It consisted chiefly of choral pieces, sacred and secular, sung by | a choir of two hundred voices, ably trained by Mr. Benedict. Among | these pieces was a motett, “* Misericordia Domini,” by Reichardt, for a | double choir ; part-song, “The Healing Flower;” Benedict's trio for female voices, | Homeward Bound; ” Mendelssohn's part-song, ** Departure ;” and the “Tramp Chorus,” from Bishop’s Guy Mannering. There were likewise several solo vocal pieces, one of which was especially pleasing ;— an air by M. Goldberg, charmingly sung by Madame Goldberg Strossi.— Moreover, several of the principal singers of her Majesty’s Theatre— Mongini, Everardi, Ronconi, Mademoiselle Brunetti, and Mademoiselle Vaneri—contributed their assistance; and the admirable young pianist, Mr. J. F. Barnett, played several pieces of Bach, Heller, and Chopin.— St. James’s Hall was crowded to the doors. The “Tonic Sol-fa Association,” a body whose yee: we have frequently noticed, gave their annual Concert at the Crystal Palace, on Wednesday. It was a monster-concert ; the singers, children and adults, numbered no less than five thousand, collected from the many schools in London and its neighbourhood, in which singing is taught according to the peculiar system of the association. But the singing was not liable to the objection which applies to other choral a in the same place, of much higher pretensions, For here the music was entirely choral, without any attempts at solo-singing; and the pieces made use of were especially adapted to a vast locality and a great number of voices; being generally slow, simple, and capable of being made dis- tinctly audible. Though the weather was not very favourable, there was an immense concourse of visitors, who ‘appeared to enjoy the music, while the youthful performers seemed heartily to enjoy their holiday, Fine Arts, THE ROYAL ACADEMY, A fable of Pheodrus tells how all Rome once went time after time to hear an actor imitate the ery of a goose; the actor made a fortune ; and, when he retired, his double appeared in a silly fellow, who gave out that he could do the same; at the very first performance, it was discovered at once that the over-cunning quack had concealed a real goose under his cloak, and, of course, the clown who had carried his principle of imita- tion a little too close, was surprised to find that the Romans saw nothin in it. A picture in the exhibition by Mr. J. Brett, recalls this capit old story ; it is in illustration of two lines from the Angel in the House, ‘In dim recesses hyacinths drooped, And breadths of primrose lit the air.” and the hardy hedger, somewhat shadow-like perhaps, for want of solid bone and muscle, is seen working away in a copse, surrounded by the flowers of spring time and the young shoots of the sapling oak Everywhere, the ground is covered with the industrious work of the painter, and the slender trees of the wood are just putting forth their bright green leaves. The imitation in this picture is not quite so exact and microscopic as in Mr. Brett's picture of the “ Val d’Aosta”’ last year, but it stops precisely where that picture docs in art; in fact, it is the imitation of the eye and hand rather than a recreation of the mind. “It is impossible not to feel a regret at the bestowment of such excellent manipulative skill, and we only hope there may be some who can dis- cover real art in the picture, and who may not be disposed to admire the cry of the real goose in preference to the voice of a good mimic. There is a very noticeable prevalence of pictures with a meaning in the present exhibition ; Mr. Solomon heads this class of painters with a very large work suggested by the late exciting meetings at witching hours, He piles up the agony upon the threshold of the trades of London unfor- tunates—the steps of Waterloo Bridge, that Hood in his sardonic vein called “the Bridge of Sighs.” Mr. Solomon is not satisfied with a sug- gestion; he makes the cruel man come in at the very moment when his deserted victim, who in the picture is a flower-girl, is dragged out of the water, and lies exposed in a most ghastly condition by the light of the policeman’s lantern. The heartless causer of this tragic end is one of a party of débardeurs and harlequins leaving the masquerade at Vauxhall, and he shows his recognition of the enwre Be girl in his face, naturally silly, but made half-idiotie by wine. The subject is as needlessly pain- ful and jarring as one that Paul Delaroche once painted, in Cromwell looking at the decapitated King Charles; and both are equally unre- strained by that feeling which has been so aptly expressed, as the con- tinence of art. Some allusions or artifices in the picture, remind one completely of the mottoes and labels adopted in the art of the dark age —on the stone wall of the bridge are seen various placards which tell how the gay party have been to the bal masqué, It is is said, that a painter of eminence is also occupied with a subject of the same kind, and has chosen for the locality of his drama, the dark arches by the river; but, at least, we trust he may hold his band till it is seen whether this kind of art finds favour. Mr. O’Neil’s “ Volunteer,” though displaying much power of drawing and good colour, yet falls very far short of presenting the exciting scene of the deck of a ship in the perilous moment of a wreck. The volunteer stands without an effort upon the deck, although the ship is rending in every part, and heaving in the waves, and the captain is in the best of humours as he appears to thank the brave fellow for his politeness in | offering to rush through the wild breakers at the risk of every bone in his body. These two, being the chief figures, give a most unfortunate air of contentment to a scene which must inevitably be one of the most awful violence, hurry, and anxiety. The negro, hauling upon a rope and saving a drowning man, is a striking figure; and others might be pointed out singly, but the whole scene wants movement and purpose. One of the best examples of composition, although in a small picture, is in Mr, Egg’s ‘‘ Scene from the Taming of the Shrew,”—Petrucio stands as the principal figure, prominent, and with a force which is admirably ex- pressive of the character; he looks the man to draw the waspish Catherine’s sting, and to stick at nothing when his temper gets the better of him. The Catherine is not the kind of head paeey pictured for that character ; butthere is much of the subdued storm in her coun- tenance. The serving-man and the steward saving the overturned chair, and the table cloth swept away by Petrucio, contribute an important share in the life and action of the picture, The heads are painted with great care, and good selection of variety of feature: Petrucio might be thought too fierce, but it is a most characteristic fi . The tone of colour is richer than anything we remember of Mr. Egg’s, and adds much to the beauty of the picture. ’ Mr. Hook adheres to his Cornish fisher-subjects, of which he exhibits four ; the largest shows us a boat, with its crew of father and three sons, Saul’s peeee, “‘Oh! by rivers; Otto Goldschmidt's | just coming in on the top of a wave; one of the lads has cast the rope | ashore, and sings out “stand clear”! while the buoyant little vessel shoots up the beach. The figures are faithfully true to the type of these

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480 THE SPECTATOR. hardy seafaring people, and the colouring is wonderfully rich in tone, al- though in parts wanting in shadow. The sea, we presume, is not a point of much solicitude with Mr. Hook; otherwise, we should notice the great want of study it betrays, and the same must be said of his skies. Another very truthful little work by Mr. Hook, is the same party of father and sons at sea, and in the act of hauling in the herring net, quaintly called in the catalogue “‘ whose bread is on the waters.” Mr. W. C. J. Dobson’s “ Bethlehem,”’ or as it might be called adora- tion of the shepherds, has evidently engaged his best efforts, but we cannot find much that is satisfactory, either in his treatment of the subject, or the merits of the work itself. The style is borrowed completely from the old masters, more strikingly from Murillo, and while the picture is greatly wanting in the ideal, it is almost equally deficient in the real. If the naked and black Arab boy and girl, are to be accepted as the true type of the natives, why should the shepherd and Mary be so completely European? Not but that the Italian treatment which was always an ideal one, was not after all the most suggestive, as well as the most suitable to a subject involved in so much mystery. The exhibition of pictures by French and Flemish artists has been re- arranged and added to by several very excellent pictures. The most im- rtant are, ‘ Ancient Gladiators” saluting the Roman Emperor before eginning the combat, a picture by Jean Leon Gerome; a scene in the conciergerie during the roll-call at the time of the reign of terror, a large work by C. L. Muller; a small work of still life, painted by Madame Henrietta Brown; and some very clever little paintings of poultry by Juliette Bonheur. Two very beautiful pictures by Mademoiselle Rosa Bonheur, were first exhibited at the German Gallery, Bond Street, on Thursday—* Buri- cairos” a Party of Spanish Donkey-drivers with Donkeys and Mules, cross- ing the Pyrennees, and “ A Scottish Raid.” The last, which is only lately finished, is one of the most remarkable pictures of animal life and character ever painted ; it represents a herd of black cattle and sheep being driven off rapidly, we presume, by a party of robbers, but the figures are made of little importance. The Spanish picture is scarcely inferior, although it is an earlier work, There are two other smaller pictures of sheep and cattle in the Highlands, and the exhibition is one of very great interest, so that we shall make it a text for some remarks upon a future occasion. The new Panorama of Rome, at Burford’s well-known Gallery, is one of the best pictures of the kind we remember; the accuracy of drawing, in the many noble buildings and monuments, and the beauty of the painting in the distant hills around the city, make it both a valuable study and a most interesting scene. Mr. Selous’ large picture of Jerusalem, as it existed in ancient days, and as it is now, are well deserving a visit at Messrs, Leggatt’s gallery in Cornhill. Mr. Barker’s picture of the “Relief of Lucknow,” painted for Miss Agnew, is another fine contribution to our memorials of military renown and heroism; it is exhibited at the Lucknow Gallery in Waterloo Place. MONUMENT TO BLAKE, We have visited the studio of Mr. Papworth, in Milton Street, Dorset Square, to see a bust of Blake, executed as a memorial of the naval hero. The task was not one of ease. Three hundred years have been suffered to elapse before the nation has been summoned to do its duty to one of the first leaders in its path of naval glory. Mr. Papworth, however, was guided by Mr. Hepworth Dixon to a portrait of Blake; a design was made for a monument by Mr. Baily, Mr. Papworth’s father-in-law ; and, although the work consists brews of a bust upon a sort of terminal base, there is a striking felicity in the conception ; the countenance of the hero is firm and roundly moulded, with an aquiline nose and a prominent chin—not duapter unlike the type of Napoleon, but far more masculine and Saxon, more manifestly energetic and mobile. The expression of the countenance is steadfast, and the position of the head is one of complete repose, Yet there is a life in every outline, especially of the brows and eyes, which have a look of breath in them. A certain sharp- ness in the turn of the hair, and a sideward curve in the place of a cravat round the neck, imparts to the head and hair a motion, as though the hero were standing at the helm of his ship as it moved through the wind. This description, we fear, may convey an exaggerated idea ; for nothing could be more simple or less disturbed than the design, which is ad- mirably rendered by Mr. Papworth with great simplicity, dignity, and ce. The bust will be an ornament to the building in which it is to be laced; it is a debt of honour which Blake’s native land has owed too ong, and we owe a further debt to Mr. Kinglake for having suggested this tribute at last. We understand, indeed, that the subscription is still open ; Blake’s countrymen not having yet sufficiently shared that earnest sense of honour due to a departed leader which Mr. Kinglake has evinced, and which is really one of the guarantees of a nation’s strength. Grade. FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE, MAY 16, Bankrupts.—Hexxy Mvuaceriner, St. George’s Place, Brixton Road, builder— Tuomas Tuorp, Surrey House, Clapham Road, linen-draper—SamvEL Freeman and Joun Ciirrorp, Leicester, elastic-web-manufacturers —Davip Wippowson, Notting- ham, lace-manufacturer—Joun W1i.t1aMs, Pontypool, Monmouthshire, surgeon— Joun Box and Henry Jonn Lewis, Gloucester, corn-merchants—GrorcE THOMAS SuTER, Weymouth, confectioner—Sreruen Moss and WiLtiam Asuwortn, W ood- mill, Yorkshire, fustian-cutters—Erapnras Ciayron, Openshaw, Lancashire, grocer—ALFRED Hastam, Manchester, coach-proprietor—CHar_es Jones, Manches- ter, boot-maker—Grorcr Prick Simcox, Manchester, carpet facturer. Scotch Sequestrations.—Hay, Paisley, dyer—Favconer, Edinburgh, grocer— FLEMING, Muasdale, c der in the Royal Navy—Drummonp (Viscount Forth), Edinburgh -Assorr, Tobermory, Argyleshire, agent—MacpvonaLp, Hawick, grocer. FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE, MAY 18. Bankrupts.—Manrk Warren, Shoreditch, haberdasher—Tuomas Coates, Bridge , Lambeth, linendraper—Hrnry Harvey, Hatton Garden, lamp-manufacturer —Epwarp Smirn, Birmingham, printer—Cuartes Bray, Alfred Terrace, Q ueen’s Road, Bayswater, ironmonger—WILLIAM Grorce Maktix, Chepstow, upholder— WILLIAM Wricut, Fulshaw, Cheshire, cattle-dealer—Joun Exeves, East B utter- wick, L Inshire, st son—Grorce Smrrn, Cambridge, ironmonger—T nomas Voxe, Portsea, confectioner—Roperr Watiine Sexton, Norwich, builder— Grorce Jervis, Tuomas Leese, and WiLLIAM Henry Brapsvry, Longton, Stafford- shire, china-manufacturers. [May 19, 1860, PRICES CURRENT. BRITISH FUNDS. (Closing Prices.) | Saturd ® |Monday,| Tuesday.| Wednes | Thurs, Friday, 3 per Cent Consols,.. 943 } 945 942 95 943 94 Ditto for Account .. 95% 95 23 954 948 4} 3 per Cents Reduced 933 93 93 934 92} 93 New 3 per Cents ... 933 93% 938 93} 93 93 Annuities 1880 ..... _ _— —_ — ‘aac. Annuities 1885 ......cceeeeceeeerees —_— — _— 17% —— 17} Bank Stock, 9 per Cent ... ee — | 227) 2273 2273 2274 227} India Stock, 104 perCent ....... ess| 219 —_— i, -_ 219 220 Exchequer hills, 1jd. per diem.......} 5pm. 7 2 7 6 4 : Exchequer Bonds, 5001. ........06066.) —— | | — | — | 5pm. 4 India Bonds 4 per Cent ..........++ «( 9dis. | —— | 5 | 8 | 6 wa FOREIGN FUNDS. (Last Official Quotation during the Week ending Friday Evening.) Austrian: .......0e0e000-5p-Ct.) Bremen nccccccccccccccccGS PCO.) can Belgian ..... oondg— | 95} Mexican ,. eee t= 20f Ditto ...00. .2i— | —_— Peruvian A 92 Brazilian.... oS — 993 Portuguese 1853 .... 3=— 44} Buenos Ayres . ‘— 854 Russian ...sceeeeees s= —_ ili _ — Sardinian . - 84g — SS Spanish ..... eeeeeee —_ 47) — — | Ditto New Deferred . t.— 36 - 66 | Ditto Passive ......... aaecaned — —— | Turkish 2.00 cecccccccesess - TH i — Venezuela ......-.0.00+ - 253 SHARES. (Last Official Quotation during the Week ending Friday Evening.) Raitwars— | ; Banxs— ! Bristoland Exeter......sseee++| 103 | Australasian ....-sssecceseerees| 68h Caledonian.........+.+++ . 90 British North American........| 555 Chesterand Holyhead ...... 51h Clty ...cccscccccccevece | 74 Eastern Counties..... eccccee 53 Colonial ......65-se000 (|= Edinburgh and Glasgow........) 79 Commercial of London ......... j 204 Glasgow and South-Western... —— Eng}. Scotsh. & Australian Chtd.; 163 Great Northern .....00eeeeeeeee 113} RAROSD cccscscececcoses seeeeeee! 51 Great South. and West. Ireland. | 113} London and County .......-- eel 5 Great Western. .......eceeeeee | 673 | London Chrid. Bnk. of Australia 23 Lancashire and Yorkshire...... | 102 | London Joint Stock......+++++. | 334 Lancaster and Carlisle.........- } 206) | London and Westminster 62) London, Brighton,& South Coast 1133 National Bank .....++++++ — London and Blackwall . | 69 National Provincial — London and North-Wes' coool 994 New South Wales.. 41 London and South Western.... 923 Oriental .. 42} Manchester, Shettield,& Lincoln. 413 Ottoman .......eeeeee 1%} Midland 15 Provincial of Ireland....... Sah Midland Great Western (Ireland — | South Austratia..........++ | 29; North British...........+ aeeuéa } 61} Union of Australia ......... rT North-Eastern—Berwick. ° 95 Union of London......+++++ 254 North-Eastern—York ........++/ 79 Unity...ccces eocscecccccesooces _ Oxford, Wor. & Wolverhampton| 45 Docxs— | Scottish Central .........0.00++ ie— East and West India ...s0ceeeee) ss Scottish Midland......... | 88 LOREOR ..ccccccccccsccvcccoeces 68 South Eastern and Dover } 64) St. Katherine .. | 694 Eastern of France...... | 23 Victoria ...cccccccccccccccces 1004 East Indian .....ceceseeeeeees } oly MISCELLANEOUS— Geelong and Melbourne ......) Australian Agricultural 31 Grand Trunk of Canada......) 328 British American Land..,...... se Great Indian Peninsular ..... | 993 Canada ..... e -— Great Western of Canada ..., 12 Crystal Palace ........+ee05 ee 30 Paris and Lyons .......+. ° —- Electric Telegraph .... 100} Mines— | General Steam......... 25 Australian....sss.e0s ad London Discount. 3% Brazilian Imperial..... ("-— National Discount 4t Ditto St. John del Rey. | 27 Peninsular and Oriental bo Cobre Copper...... gaeeene 44 Royal Mail Steam. 49 Rhymney Iron,.......++ eoetes _ South Australian . 354 BULLION. Per oz. | METALS. Per ton. 5 : | Copper, Brit. Cakes £107 10 0 .. £0 © 6 Foreign Gold in Bars, Standard, £3 17 9 on a. ae TSE Mexican Dollars ...... cocccccee 8 O O Lead, British Pig ... 2310 0.. 2410 0 ooo Silver in Bars, Standard........ 0 5 1% Steel, Swedish Keg.. 19 0 O , GRAIN, Mark Lane, May 18. &. 4. s s. Wheat,R.0O. 47to53 Fine...... 53to57 Fine..... . 4—57 Foreign,R. 49 — 57 Red, New. 43—51 White F. 60—63 Fine ...... 51—53 | Rye ........ 28—32 White Old 49—55 Barley...... 30— 34 Fine ..... . 56— 59 Malting .. 40—46 New...... 45— 53 Malt, Ord... 58—63 WEEKLY AVERAGE. For the Week ending May 12. Wheat ..... 52s. 6d, | Rye ....... 34. 14, Barley ..... 37. 7 Beans...... 43° «8 Oats ....... 25 10 Peas .....+. 40 3 FLOUR. «per sack 46s. to 49s. eee 35 — 38 ffolk, on boar p36 — 38 Norfolk and Stockton ......... 36 — 37 American .......per barrel 28 — 30 | Canadian ..... seescees cose 28 — 31 8 Bread, 54d. to 74d. the 4ib. loaf. Newoate ano LeaDENBALL.* as. d. sd s RUTCHERS’ MEAT. CATILE MARKET.” . 4 Indian Corn. 37 to 38 Fine...... 68 to 73 Peas, Hog... 30—35 Oats, Feed.. 23—26 Maple - 35— 38 Fine .... 26—27 White.... 35—37 Poland ... 24—26 Blue ..... - O— @ Fine .... 27 —29 Beans, Ticks 32 — 37 Potato.... 28—30 Harrow... 40—47 Fine .... 31—33 SIX-WEEKS AVERAGE. Per Qr. (imperial) of England and Wales. Wheat .... 50s. 5d, | Rye .....++ 339. 6d, - 37 4 Beans ...... 41 7 24 #7 | Peas....... 39 ® PROVISIONS. | | Butter—Best Fresh, l4s. 0d. doz. Carlow, 0/. 0s. to Ul. 0s. per ewt. Bacon, Irish . per cwt. 665, — 68%. 7 Eges, French, per 120, 4s. 9d. to 6s. 34. Heap or Carrie at Tae . de . . da. a. d. s. a. s. d. CATTLS- MARKET. Beef... 3 6to3 l0to4 4@ .... 4 4todl0to5 2 Monday. Thursday. Mutton 4 6—5 0—65 4 .... 4 6—5 4—5 8) Beasts.. 3,440 ..... 1,050 Veal... 3 8—4 4—4 8 wr. 5 O—5 C—510/| Sheep..25,160 ..... 6,190 Pork... 4 0—5 O—5 4 ww... 4 6—4 B—5 O | Calves., 135 ...., 318 Lamb. 5 8~—-6 4—0 0 .... 6 4—7 4—0 ©} Pigs... 400...., 160 * To sink the offal, per 8 Ib. HOPS. WOOL. Weald of Kent Pockets...... 629. to S45. Down Tege ...... sees perib. 204d. to 21d. Mid and East Kent ditto.. 80 — 140 Half-bred Wethers... Wb =— 0 o 62 =— 76 o. O@9=— 0 Sussex ditto..... eoeeeee Farnham ditto. SMITHFIELD. Hay, Good ..rccecee 75, 00 BAS. ceeeeeceees Inferior . oo — New ..+- -_ Clover ...+.+++ 95 Wheat Straw aru s 27 HAY AND STRAW. (Per Load of 36 Trusses.) Wuirtrcuaret. CumBERtand. 959. to 93s. Rs 95s. GROCERIES. Tea, Souchong, fine, per!b. 2s. 6d. to 3+. Od.| Jamaica Rum.... pergal. 4s. - to 0 Congou, fine .. coe 8 —2 4 Pekoe, flower -3 In bond— Duty Is. 5d. per Ib. Coffee, fine (in bond) cwt. 80s. 0d. to 96s. 0d. Good Ordinary ........ 598. Od. to 62s. Od. Cocoa, Trinidad (in bond) 74s. 0d. to 95s. Od. Rice, Ame. dr.Carolina.. 22s. 0d. to 26s. 64. Sugar. Muscovado, average... Os. 0d. West India Molasses .... 16s. 0d.to 18s. 62. POTATOES. ton. 0Os.to 0s. - O— 0 160 —190 - 169 Kent and Essex Regents Shaw York Regents...... cotch 4, oes chnaanalieas a o—6 0 Cotton, N. Orleans.perib, © 44 6 MISCELLANEOUS. eS Brandy, Best Brands ..... — Saltpetre, Ref....percwt. 40 Guano, Peruvian, per ton .260 Taliow P. Y.C...percwt. 54 Town eee 62 Rape Oil, English refined 41 Brown.....++0+ 40 Linseed Oil. ......0-e+e00+ 28 Cocoa-nut Oil. Palm Oil.... [Linseed Oil-c Coals Hetton. nee eoocoerweoo-oe ecocoounaecce | wo =

Page 21

S382 254 Baap

XUM May 19, 1860.] THE SPECTATOR. 481

—— al RYSTAL PALACE— FLOWER SHOW. The Great Exhibition of PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUITS this Season, will be held on Sarurpay, May 26. Open at 12. Admission, by Two Guinea Season Tickets, free ; One Guinea, ditto, on payment of Half-a-Crown. Day Tickets, 7s. 6d. ; or, if purchased before the day, 5s. >. are now ready at the Crystal Palace; at 2, Exeter Hall, or may be had by order of the usual agents. The Entries Close on the 19th of Mar. Schedules can be had on application to Mr. W. Hovenroy, Secretary to the Show. YHILHARMONIC SOCIETY.— The Directors respectfully announce that the THIRD CONCERT will take place at the Hanover Square R on Monday Evening Next, May 21. Programme :—Over-

ture, Scherzo, song with chorus, Notturno, march and final i A Midsummer Night's Dream, Mendelssohn ; Overture Con- chorus, Anacreon, violin, Herr Kompel, Spohr ; ee ates Sinfonia in F, No. 8, Overture, Zauderflote, Mozart. Vocal Perfk rs—Madame Rieder, Miss Augusta Thomson, and Mademviselle Jenny Meyer Conductor—Professor Stexnpate Bexnerr. To begin at Bight o’Clock. Subscription for the Season, 3/. 3s. ; Single Tickets, 15s. Subscriptions received, and — ts issued, by Messrs. Appison, Hontier, and Lreas, 216, Re Street OYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIEI Y. The ANNIVERSARY will be held at Burlington House on Monday the 28th instant, at 1 p.m. h ee will take place at the Preemason’s Tavern p-m. prec isely. The President, the Earl DE GREY and qIPON, in the C hair. FRENCH PLAYS OYAL ST. JAMES’S THEATRE, King Street, 8 t, St. James's. Lessee Mr. F. B. Cuarrenr- ron. FIRST § SON OF THE FRENCH PERFORM ANCES, under the direction of Mons. ADRIEN TALEXY. Mons. TALEXY has the honour toinform the Nobility and Gentry, that he has concluded arrangements to insure a permanent First-class French Dramatic Entertainment at the Royal St. James's Theatre. He respectfully submit: the mme for the First Season, which is about to commence and hopes that the selection of the following distingui

a Artistes will be considered sufficient evidence of the care and attention devoted to the undertaking. The following eminent_Artistes, from the principal thea tres of Paris, will make their appc DELP HIN E rance during the season, Mademoiselle FIX,

Mademolecile DUVERGE R,

Mademoiselle MARIE BASTA, Madame DOCHE GOT. M. BRINDE AU,

Chef @’Orchestre, > ERT EDNNERY The permanent troupe will be on the most complete scale, and will comprise many of the most efficient Artistes of the Parisian Theatres. Prices of apy or elie alles d'Orchesure, 7s. 6d. ; Stalles de Balcon, 5s.; Parterre ialleries, ls. Private Boxes from Two Gui 4s upwards. The Season will consist of Sixty ghts, commencing on Monday, May the 28th, 1860. Private Boxes and terms of Subscription be obtained at the Box-Office of the Thea- tre, at the Libraries and Booksellers. FEMALE SCHOOL OF ART. Under the Patronage of her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen, Na ta SAF 7L A CONVERS AZION E held at 4 the SOUTH K pose of RAISING a FUN for the FEMALE SCHOOL ino, 9 o'clock, 2ist June, 1860. By the gracious permission of the Queen, the Koh-i noor diamond, which has been recut since the Exhibition of 1851, will be exhibited, together with a collection of ancient and modern jewellery, which the Council of the Fine Arts Club has kindly consented to provide for this occasion. The Marquis of Salisbury will liberally contribute the services of the band of the Hertfordshire Militia for the night The admission will be by tickets only, which may he tained by a. _me mber of the Committee of the School of Art, power Strect. Gentlemen'stickets w in be 55. each, and 1 6d To the Nobility, Gentry, and Public. EMALE OF ART AND , Gower Street, W.C SCHOOL DESIGN, 37 OF MANAGEMENT. A. W. Thorold PROVISIONAL COMMITTEE Rey. Dr. Hamilton John Henderson, Esq., F.S.A.

will be

r, on Tucaspas Even-

ach.

Chairman—Nev Rev. Emilius Bayley. Rey. John Back.

H. A. Bowler, Esq 4. Holdship, Esq. W. H. Carpenter, Esq: A. D. Nash, Esq Rev. Canon Dale Rich. Redgrave, Esq., R.A. C. Wentworth Dilke, Esq. Kev, A. W. Thorold Professor Donaldson. G. R. Waterhouse, Esq W. L. Donaldson, Exq J. Watson, Esq Sir Cha. L. stlake, P.R.A. R. Westmacott, Esq.. R.A. Amos Gann, Esq. H. R. Twining, Esq Treasurers Rev. E. Bayley; J. Henderson, Esg.; Rev. A. W. Thorold Bankers, London and Westminster, Bloomsbury Branch. This Institution, the original‘ School of Design,” was es tablished by ornment at Somerset House, 1842-3, and has been loc in the present premises for the last cight years. It combines the improvement of ornamental design im manufactures, with the remunerative employment of young women of the middle class The value of the school and the proficiency of the students have been adinit ted by all who have had opportunities of judging The Committee of Counci! on Education have, however, intimated the necessity, for financial reasons, of withdraw ing their special assistance (about 5:0. per annum) from the School; and it will, therefore, be finally closed in July next, unless it can be placed on a self-supporting basis \ moderate increase in the amount of fees paid by students, together with support from the public at the outset, will effect this desirable result. To obtain, therefore, through donations or subscriptions, a fund sufficient to rent or pur chase suitable premises, a Provisional Conmittec formed, under whose sanction appeal is now made for sym pathy and aid towards the continuance of this important central Institution. SUBSCRIPTIONS ALREADY RECEIVED Students ..... “ omni Society of Arts...Guineas ‘0 Royal Acs »| Company of Clothworkers 20

Subsc ‘riptions have also i “on received from the follow ing :—Sir Charles and Lady Eastlake, Mrs. Grote, E. Mudie, Esq., Lady Northcote, R. Redgrave, Esq., R.A., J.J. Rus kin, Esq., R.Westmacott, Esq., R A.; and many others; making a total of 470/. Contributions received at the London and Westminster Rank, Holborn Branch ; the Union Bank of L yndon, Regent Street Branch, Argyll Place; and by Miss GANN, Superintendent and Secretary, Gower Street, W.C, has been |

AJ » OCcK LIFE OFFICE, 15, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars. May 18th 1860. The Annual General Court of Proprietors of this Company will be held at this office on Thursday the 31st instant, at Twelve o'clock precisely, to receive a report of Receipts and Disbursements of the Company during the preceding year, and for the election of three Directors and one Auditor in the place of those who are then to go out of Office by rota- tion, but who are eligible for reélection. Notice has been given in pursuance with the deed of Set- tlement by the following Proprietors of their intention to become Candidates, each respectively on the occasion, viz. To be Directors. WALTER WYNDHAM BURRELL, Esq. ROBERT BUCHANAN DUNLOP, Esq. GEORGE ARTHUR FULLER, Esq. To be Auditor. FRANCIS KEARSEY, Esq. Ky Order of the Court of Directors, JOHN GODDARD ARD, }, Actuary. NUS YEA > r tr NORTHERN ASSU RAN Ne E COMPANY. 4 Established, 1836. CAPITAL, 1,259,760. ACCUMU LATED PREMIUM FUND, upwards of 350,002. Office in London: 1, Moorncatre Sraser. The next investigation, for the purpose of declaring a Bonus to the Policy-holders, will take place on 3lst January 1861, and all Po! n the Participating Class, effected prior to that date, will share in the profits then to be di- vided, The whole of the profits of this Branch are divisible, in terms of the Act of Incorporation, amongst the insured. The last Bonus declared by the Company was at the rate of V/. 7s. 6d. per cent per annum on the amount insured, a re turn which, when its very moderate scale of premiums is considered, has rarely been exceeded by any other Office. As an illustration of the proportion which the additions already made to Policies bear to the sums paid by the as- sured in the shape of Premiums, it will be sufficient to state that a Policy for 1000/7. taken out in 1836, on a life then aged 25,and upon which 503/. have been received by the Office, has been increased by successive Bonus additions to the sum of 1351/. ls, l0d., the increase being equal to Seventy ren cent on the Premiums paid by the assured All Policies are guaranteed “ro capita of upwards of One Million St Z, scumulated and invested premium fund of over 350,0001., and the unlimited responsibility of upward of Seven Hundred Share- holders.

A. P. FLETCHER, Secretary. 7 ys rAMES L. DEN MAN, Wine Merchant, _ Introducer of the South Afric - ge oy , FENCh LON , E.C. SOUTH AFRIC AN WIN The established reputation of these winesre enderse pomenen® unnecess: per d

'SHERRIES, &e. Reo... ‘. The recent alteration of the Customs tariff enables me to offer various European Wines and Spirits hitherto excluded by the operation of high duties at the following reduced prices.

FRENCH. per doz. PORTS... ereee 20s 2is CLARET . + 20s. 2is Do (ve us growths « 28s, 36s. 42s. CHAMPAGNE (Sparkling).......... $2s. 36s. Ke SPANISH. ARRAGONESE PORTS coccccccece .

CATALONIAN SI tKIES . EXCELLENT DINNER do PORTUGUES

RED LISBON ....6--.-0ee 2ts. PORT (from the Wood oe 26s. 32s Do. (Old Crusted) ...... secccesese S388. 420. Ae SPIRITS per gallon Coenac Baanpy or Brown + 20s 24s BEOELLANBS, cc ccccccccce ecceccee 12s, lds. Excetsion MBaaypy, Pale or Hrown, Strongly recommended for its use- | 15s. Peles) ..ccrccccsescccccscccscscce GIN, RUM, WHISKEY rte h and Irish), FOREIGN LIQUEURS, &c., &e. WINE IN H- tailed Price Lists forwarded on applic ation. CASK, forwardec d free to any Railway Station in England hottie s included ple Bottles of any Wines forwarded. T itry Orders must contain a remittance nk of London.” J. L DeNMAN, 65, Fenchurch Street, n, B.C. SP R RING AN

0 Cross Cheques “ B Lor

AND SUMMER ATTIRE.— MOSES and SON beg to state, that their prepara tions for SPRID and SUMMER exceed any of their former efforts, as well in extent as in variety. They have visit ed the principal markets both at home and abroad for the best and newest manufactures, and have succeeded in col lecting such an assortment of goods as has never before been exhibited under one roof in this or any other country. Their BESPOKE TAILORING DEPARTMENTS have been supplied with an endless variety of the choicest and most popular fabrics. Their READY MADE CLOTHING Stock is complete in every resp and they venture to say that for elegance of style, durability of material, and workmanship, tastefulness of finish and cheapness, it is quite unequalled, even in the Metropolis of England. No less care has been bestowed on the HOSTERY, HAT

and CAF ad BOOT and SHOE DEPARTMENTS, which © be rnished with an entirely new stock of fashion- ye and seasonable ods at such prices as enable the pro- pric tors to offer their patrons very great advantages. N.B.—E. MOSES and SON take this opportunity of an nouncing, that they intend giving their Customers the full benefit of the abolition of the duty on Silks, Gloves, &c. nd SON, nd AL DGATR, and Corner of NEW OXFORD STREET owt HART STREET. Country Branche BRADFORD pny SHEF FIEL D, YORKSHIRE FE. MOSES and SON wish it to be particularly observed that if any article be not approved of, it will be exchanged, or the money returned, without hesitation. Their Book for Spring and Summer, containing “ The Growth of an important Branch of British Industry,’ with rules for self-measurement, and list of prices, may be had gratis on application, or post-free SPECIAL NOTICE.—E. MOSES and SONS’ Establish ments will be closed on Saturday Evening, the 26th, and Monday, the 28th; and will be reopened on Tuesday Morn- ing

N * wo > <TT [HE NDISPENSABLE” SUIT, made - in va Dhaene see and patte nan, onhe icularly adapted for Wa i u T sally acknowledged to be the able suit ever introduced. P of E. MOSES Corner of MINORIES and ALDG ATE, and Corner of NEW OXFORD STREET and HART STREET. ‘TT whe Y pe *ToepTe Tee RISTS and EXCURSIONISTS are specially provided for at E. MOSES and SON'S, Mer- ant Tailors, Hatters, Hosiers, Bootmakers, &c Corner of MINORIE Sand ALDGATE, and Corner of NEW OXPORD STREET and HART STREET. BRADFORD and SHEFFIELD, YORKSHIRE

able and service To be obtained 35s and SON,

EW TAILORING ESTABLISHMENT, 105, STRAND, OPPOSITE EXETER HALL. HAMILTON AND KIMPTON, from Messrs. Ratrn anp Son's (Hotytanp's), beg to inform their friends and the public, that they have OPENED THE ABOVE PRE- MISES with a choice and superior assortment of goods. N.B.—A Select Stock of Morning, Lounging, and Over- odie always on hand. BESS ETT’S WATCHES, 65 and 64, CHEAPSIDE, in gold and silver, in great variety, of every construction and price, from Three to Sixty Guineas, Every watch skilfully examined, and its correct per- formance guaranteed. Free and safe per post. Money Orders to JOHN BENNETT, Watch Manufactory, 65 docs 4, CHRAFCIDS.

HE FIVE- GUINEA LOOKING- GLASS —at the London Looking-Glass Manufactory, 167, Fleet Street—A. JENKINS, Proprietor. 5 feet 2 in. high, 4 feet 2 in. wide, in richly Gilt-Wood Carved Frames. Illustrated lists sent free. 7PPS’S HOMQOPATHIC COCOA,— 4, The delicious aroma, grateful smoothness, and invigo- rating power of this highly triturated and refined prepa- ration have procured its general adoption as a breakfast beverage. Sold in jb. jlb., and llb., Packets, by the prin- cipal Grocers. Each Packet is labelled, “ James Errs, Homeopathic Chemist, London.” tan hl IOLETS ALL THE YEAR ROUND BREIDENBACH'S WOOD VIOLET keeps anytime, fresh as the blossom, andin any climate. H. B. can with confidence recommend the following as some of the best per- fumes distilled :—Alliance, Boudoir, Forget me Not, Fare well, Jockey Club, Sauve, and Warriors’ Bouquets. None are genuine unless stamped “ H. Bazipensac nu, Perfumer to the Queen, 1578, New Bond Street, facing Redimay ne

s! JHILLIPS’ GAS APPARATUS are warranted the best for COOKING, Heating BATHS, CONSERVATORIES, HALLS, PUBLIC BULLDINGS, &c., ke. They can be seen, and their actions explained, at the MANU FACTORY, 58, SKINNER STREET, SNOW HILL, Also a Selection of PATENT SAFETY ATLAS CHANDE- LIERS, and = oe of Superior Gas Fitting. A Pecapes ‘tus sent free by post. HE BEST AND CHEAPEST TEAS and COFFEES in England are to be obtained of PHIL- LIPS and CO., Tea Merchants, 8, King William Street, City. Good strong useful Tea, 2s. Sd., 2s. 10d., 38, and 4s.; rich Souchong, 3s. 8d., 3s. 10d., and 4s. Pure Coffees, Is., ls. 2d., ls. 3d., Ie. 4d., 1s. Gd., and Is. 8d. Tea and Coffee to the value of 40s. sent carriage free to any railway station or market town in England. A price current free. Sugars at market prices. All goods carriage-free within eight miles of the City. , SW SILVER and Co.’s outfitting iN ware yehouses, 66 and 67, Cornhill, E.C.—OUTFITS for Australia, India, and China, for naval and military officers, and cadets, midshipmen, and civilians; clothing for gentle- men's home use, viz. naval and military uniforms and civi- lians’ dress of the best material and workmanship ; shirts, hosiery, gloves, &c. ; ladies’ outfits ; furniture for camp, bar- rack, cabin, and colonial use, embracing every variety of cabinet work, canteens, trunks, portmanteaus, &c., suited to all climates. Manufactory, Silvertown (opposite H. M. Doc kyards), ' Wo oolwic' h. Is NDSOME IRON and BRASS BED- STEADS.—HEAL and SON'S Show Rooms contain a large assortment of Brass Bedsteads, suitable both for Home use and for Tropical Climates; handsome Iron Bed- steads with Brass Mountings and elegantly Japanned ; Plain Iron Bedsteads for Servants; every description of Wood Bedstead that is manufactured, in Mahogany, Birch, Walnut Tree woods, Polished Deal and Japanned, all fitted with Bedding and Furniture complete, as well as every descrip- tion of Bedroom Furniture. | EAL and SON’S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing designs and pricesof 100 KREDSTEADS, as well as of 150 different articles of BED- ROOM FURNITURE, sent free by post. Heat and Son, Redstead, Bedding, and Bedroom Furniture Manufacturers, 196, Tottenham Court Road, W.

PRIZE MEDAL, PARIS EXHIBITION 1855. , sv \ ETCALFE, BINGLEY, AND 4 coO."8 NEW PATTEKN and PENETRATING TOOTH. BRUSHES, Penetrating Unbleached Hair- rushes, Improved Flesh and Cloth Brushes, and genuine Smyrna Sponges; and every description of Brush, Comb, and Per- fumery for the Toilet. The tooth-brushes search thoroughly between the divisions of the teeth and clean them most effectually —the hairs never come loose, M.. K., and Co. are sole makers of the Oatmeal and Camphor, and Orris Root Soaps—sold in Tablets (bearing their names and address) at 6d. each ; of Metcalfe's celebrated Alkaline Tooth-Powder, 2s. per box; and of the New Bouquets. Sole Establishment, 130n and 131, Oxford Street, second and third doors West from Holles Street, London fi BROWN AND POLSON'S PATENT CORN FLOUR, The Lancet states, “ This is superior to anything of the kind known.” The most wholesome part of the best Indian Corn, prepared by a process patented for the Three Kingdoms and France, and wherever it becomes known obtains great favour for Puddings, Custards, Blancmange ; all the uses of the finest arrow root, and especially suited to the delicacy of children and invalids. BROWN and POLSON, Manufacturers to her Majesty the Queen, Paisley, Manchester, Dublin, and London. | OLLOW AY’S | om NTMENT and PILLS, —In all sores, wounds, and sprains, Holloway’s Oint- ment is the most efficient application. It at once gives ease by moderating the flow of blood to the part. Whenever the malady has been of long sts anding the ointment should be assisted by Holloway's purifying pills, which act upon the stomach and liver guarding dige stion from falling into that disordered state whic h the pain, restlessness, and fever at- tending these ailments is apt to produce, and which much retards recovery, and sometimes even makes serious the slightest case. No mother or nurse should want these noble remedies, equally ne to all ages and constitutions. They purify the blood, reg e its circulation, renew dis- eased structures, and tawigueate the system.

TRADE MARK,

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482 THE SPECTA U LLIEN FUND. Commitrer Room—50, New Bond Street. The committee of the Jullien Fund, fearing that the sub- scriptions have been materially checked by the unfortunate death of Mons. Jullien, desire to explain that a widow and others, members of his family, can be protected from want only by the kind aid of those who appreciate the great ser- vices rendered by the late lamented maestrg to the cause of the musical education of the English people. The committee confidently appeal to that benevolence for which their countrymen are so distinguished, for such prompt and liberal additions to the subscription list as shall enable them to do some justice to the memory of M. Jullien, and at the same time afford adequate relicf to his bereaved faimil COMMITTEE FoR THE a TION OF THE ULLIEN FUNI Mr. John Mitchell, Mr Ww. Duncan Davison, r. W. R. Sams, Mr. Jules Benedict, Mr. Thomes Cha; Mr. A. Blumenthal. onorary Treasurers. Mr. John Mitchell, 33, Old Bond Street. Mr. T Chappell, 50, New Bond Street. Mr. W. KR. Sams, 1, St. James Street. Bankers. Messrs. Coutts and Co., Strand. Hey woods, Kennards,,and Co., Lombard Street. London and County Bank, Hanover Square, Who, as well as the honorary treasurers, have kindly con sented to receive subscriptions. _ 24th April, , 1860. IN (CHANCERY. GES. HE PRO PR RL E TORS OF THE GLENFIELD STARCH hereby caution the Trade against selling ANY IMITATION of their Starch, whereas, by a decision of the Master of the Rolls, Wotherspoon v, Turner (reported in the Times and other London Papers ‘of 26th Novembe r, 1859.) they render themselves equally liable, with the makers of the spurious article, ee above penalty. NFIELD PATENT STARCH is the only STARCH used in HER MAJESTY’S LAUNDRY. WOTHERSPOON and CO., Glasgow and London. DINNEFORD'S URE FLUID MAGNESIA has been for many years sanctioned by the most eminent of the Medical Profession, as an excellent re medy for Acidities, Heartburn, Headache, Gout, and Indi gestion. Asa Mild Aperient, it is admirably adapted for Delicate Females, particularly during Pregnancy ; and it pre vents the Food of Infants from turning sour during di gestion. Combined with the Acidulated Lemon Syrup, it forms an Effervescing Aperient Draught, which is highly agreeable and efficacious. [repared by Dinnerorp and Co. Dispensing Chemists, (aud General Agentsfor the Im- proved Horse-hair Gloves and Belts,) 172, New Bond Street, and sold by all respectable chemists throughout the Empire. NEW DISCOVERY IN TEETH.— VER. Mr. HOWARD, SURGEON DENTIST, 52, Flect Street, has introduced an ENTIRELY NEW DESCRIP TION of ARTIFICIAL TEETH, fixed without SPRINGS, wires, or ligatures. They so perfectly resemble the natural teeth as not to be distinguished from the originals by the closest observer; they will never change colour or decay, and will be found superior to any teeth before used. This method does not require the extraction of roots, or any painful operation, and will support and preserve teeth that are loose, and is guaranteed to restore articulation and mas- tication. Decayed teeth rendered sound and useful in mas- tication. 52, Fieet Street.—At home from from 10 till 5 TERLING SILVER. — WILLIAM 5. BURTON has added to his extensive stock of Ge FURNISHING TRONMONGERY and HOU URN ING REQUISITES, a selection of STERLING SII SERVICES for the table or for presentation. will be found cousiderably below those usually charged. Fiddle Pattern. oz. s.d. £ sd |King's Pattern, oz. 8.d. £ 8.d- 12 Table Spoons 30at7 4 11 00/12 Table Spoons 40at7 6 12 Table Forks .30 74 11 00/12 Table Forks .40 76 15 00 12 Dessert Spns.20 74 7 6 sil2 Dessert Spns.24 76 9 00 12 Dessert Forks20 74 7 68/12 Dessert Forks23 76 74 74 71 2 Gravy Spoonsl0 3134/2 Gravy Spoons!l 76 7 1 Soup Ladle .. 9 3 60) 1 Soup Ladle ..11 76 2 4Sauce Ladles.10 710 318 4) 4 Sauce Ladles 11 80 4 80 1 Fish Slice 2100) 4 Salt Spns. giltbwis. 1190 4 Salt Spns. gilt bwils. 1 00) 1 Mustard Spoondo. 0100 1 Mustard Spoon do.. © 70) 1 Fish Slice ......... 00 12 Tea Spoons. l0at7 10 5120 1 Pair Sugar Tongs.. 50 1 Moist Sugar Spoon, 0150 1 Sugar Sifter.. ° 0150) 1 Sugar Sifter. 1 30 1 Butter Knife 0 126) 1 Butter Knife 110 £75106 King’s Pattern, Richly Chased. os. 04. £ ad. £57 15 10 Cottage Pattern Tea and Coffer| Service | oz. 8. da. £ 8.d.) Teapot ....24at10 0 12 0 0/Teapot 2atlo612 16 Sugar Basin13 +» 110 7 3 © SugarBasini3..116 7 96 Milk Ewer. &.. 110 4 8 6,Cream Ewer7..116 4 06 Coffee-pot..29 .. 10 0 14 10 0 Coffee-pot.. 26 .. 10 6 13 13 0 £33 10! £37 36 FIRE-IRONS Bcd ree IRS, STOVES, i : YEY- ECES.—Buyers of the above are to visit WILLIAM 8, hey contain such an as- RANGES, CHIMNEY RAL IRON MONGE RY, elsewhere, either for variety, as cannot be novelty, beauty of design, or exquisiteness of workmanship. approac he ad Bright Stoves, with ormolu ornaments and two sets of bars, 31. 15s. to 33/. 10s.; Bronzed Fenders, with standards, 7s. to Sl. l2s.; Steel Fenders, 2/. 15s. to 11/.; ditto, with rich ormolu ornaments, from 2l. L5s. to 18/.; Chimney-pieces, from 1/. as. to 80/.; Fire-irons, from 2s. 3d. the set to 4/. 4s. The BURTON and all other PATENT STOVES, with radiating hearth-plates. BEPSTEADS, BATHS, and LAMPS. BURTON has SIX LARGE SHOW —WILLIAM 8. ROOMS devoted exclusively to the separate display of Lamps, Baths, and Metallic Bedsteads. The stock of each is at once the largest, newest, and most varied ever submitted to the public, and marked at prices proportionate with those that have tended to make his establishment the most dis- tinguished in this country. Bedsteads, from Shower Baths 12s. 6d. to 202. Os. cach. hg Od. to 61. Os. each. Lamps (Moderateur), from ..... 8. Od. to 7. 7s. each. (All other kinds at 7. same rate.) Pure Colga Oil ......2.00. ceccersevece +» 4s. per gallon. 7 ~ 71 W TILLIAM 8. BURTON'S GENERAL FURNISHING ITRONMONGERY CATALOGUE may be had gratis, and free by post. It contains upwards of 400 Illustrations of his iMimited Stock of Sterling Sil- ver and Electro Plate, Nickel Silver and Britannia Metal Goods, Dish Covers, Hot Water Dishes, Stoves, Fenders, Marble Chimney-pieces, Kitchen Ranges, Lamps, Gaseliers, Tea Trays, Urns and Kettles, Clocks, Table Cutlery, Baths, Toilet Ware, Turnery, Iron and Brass Bedsteads, Bedding, Bedroom Cabinet Furniture, &c., with Lists of Prices and Plans of — Twenty large Show-Rooms, at 39, Oxford Street, W.; 1, la,2, 3, Perry's Place ; andl, and 4, Newman Street; 4, 5, aud 6, Newman Mews, London. | good a Che His prices | 15 00} 8126 | tist, 314, Regent Street (facing the Polytechnic), sup- plies his PATENTED INCORRODIBLE TEETH, which can be matched so closely in shape and colour to those left in the mouth, and are formed so exactly to nature, that the closest observer cannot detect the difference, and in all cases they restore perfect articulation and mastication. These teeth are fixed from one toa complete set upon Mr. Eskell’s never failing and painless principle of Self-adhesion, without extracting any teeth or stumps, or giving any pain w hatever ; and being incorrodible they possess the superior advantage of never changing colour nor decaying. Mr. Eskell’s cele- brated OSTEOPLASTIC ENAMEL for Stopping Decayed Teeth is a preparation which never changes colour nor af fects the colour of the tooth, and is free from any injurious properties cither as regards the teeth or general health. Its application is eas performed, and without giving the slightest pain. Deficiencies of palate effectually remedied. Loose teeth fastened. Teeth regulated. scoloured teeth restored, &c. Hours, ten to six Consultation, free. Charges stric tly moderate.—314, Regent Street, London (op- posite the Polytechnic), amd Bennett's Hill, Birmingham. Established 1847. DR. DE JONGH’S (Knight of the Order of Leopoid of Belgium) IGHT-BROWN COD LIVER OIL, Administered with the greatest success in cases of CONSUMPTION, BRONCHITIS, ASTHMA, COUGHS, RHEUMATISM, GOUT, GENERAL DEBILITY, DISEASES OF THE SKIN, RICKETS, INFANTILE WASTING, AND ALL SCROPULOUS AFFECTIONS. Extensive experience, and the recorded testimony of num- berless eminent medical practitioners, prove that a half-pint of Dr. pe Jonon’s Oil is equal in remedial effects to a quart of any otherkind. Hem as it is incomparably the best, so it is likewise far the cheapest. Palatableness, speedy efficacy, safety, and economy, unitedly reconumend this unrivalled preparation to invalids. Opinion of EDWIN LANKESTER, Esq., M.D., LL.D., Late Lecturer on the Practice of Physic Medical School, Superintendent of the the South Kensington Museum, &c., &c. “ TL consider that the purity and genuineness of this Oil are secured in its preparation by the personal attention of so stand intelligent a Physician as Dr. de Jongh, so written the best medical treatise on the Oil which [ am acquainted. Hence I deem the Cod Liver Oil sold under his guarantee to be preferable to any other kind as regards genuineness and medicinal effi- cacy. “6, Saville Row, W., Ist August 1859.” F.R.S., F.L.S at St. e ood Collection at who has a Sold onty in Imreniat Half-pints, 2s. 6d.; Pints, 4s. 9d., Quarts, 9s., capsuled, and labelled with Dr. pz Jonou’s stamp and signature, WirHouT WHICM NONE CAN POSSIBLY BE GENUINE, by re a oauae = : hemists e CONSIGNEES ANSAR, H ARFORD, 2 7) {AME ~ LIST.—LONDON, ¥ MIDDLESEX, and WESTMINSTER. THIRD PUBLICATION for 1859-60, LIST of PERSONS who have taken out General GAME CERTIFICATES at 4/. 0s. 10d. each, in- cluding the Additional Duty of 10 per cent, under the Act of 3 Vict. c. 17. (Schedule D.) Ashdown, John, 75 Stanley street Berkeley, the Hon. Grantley I’. Spring gardens Evans, Wm, Herbert, Esq. 32 Hertford st, May fair Geach, C. $8. Park street, Westminster Hoare, Richard, The Heath, Hanpstead Jenkinson, H. T. S. 23 Old square, Lincoln’s Moffatt, George, 28 Fenchurch street Nicholson, Captain Wm. Smith, 38 Chester Regent's park Peacocke, G. M.W. Esq. 33 Hertford street, May fair Pocklington, Roger, Board of Trade Russell, Lord Alexander, Pall mall Samuels, James, Great George street of PERSONS (not being ASSESSED SER- VAN 1, who have taken out the GAME CERTI- FICATES at 4/. Os. 10d. each, including the Addi- tional Duty of LO per _— under the Act of 3 Vict. ce. 17. (Schedule € Nicholls, Sohn, I pode Appointed by the Manor or Royalty of | of Langlebury, ay AND, London, w.c° s inn terrace, aa , for Herts LIST of PERSONS, being 1g ASSE SSED SERVANTS, for whom GAME CERTIFICATES are taken out at 1/. 7s. 6d. each, including the Additional Duty of 10 per cent, under the Act of 3 Vict. ec. 17 (Schedules A and B. Westwood, Samuel, Castle Farm, by Powell, Fredrick, Esq. for Royalty of Castle Farm, Herts. Herts—Appointed the Manor or LIST of PERSONS LICENSED to DEAL in GAME, Castang, Philip, Ship Tavern passage, Leadenhall st, Charles, John, 23 Queen’s terrace, St. John’s wood Cook, Heury, Kensington Firkins, Edmund, 27 Alexander street, Paddington Podmore, Wm. F . 4 Grove terrace, Paddington Rouch, Frederick, 18 Upper King street, Bloomsbury Saunders, Charles James, 222 Holborn Made up to April 5, 1860, By Order of the aaest ARGENT. Inland Revenue Office, Somerset Bh PENAL ALTIE S. The Commissioners of Inland Revenue hereby give Notice, that every person taking, killing, or pursuing game, without first obtaining a certificate, incurs a penalty of 20/., and is also liable to be surcharged in double the amount of the certificate duty. Any person in pursuit of game refusing, on being duly sequieed, to produce his certificate, or to permit the same to be read, or a copy thereof to be taken, or refusing to declare his true name and place of resi- dence, also incurs a penalty of 20/. Gamekeepers are desired to take notice that a certi- ficate at the rate of 1/. 7s. 6d, will not authorize any person to kill game beyond the limits of the manor for which he is deputed : and, in order that a certiticate at such a rate of duty may protect a gamekeeper, it is requisite, not only that he should be deputed by some lord or lady of a manor or reputed manor, but also that such deputation should be registered with the Clerk of the Peace, or the gamekeeper will be liable to be surcharged in double the duty of 4/. 0s. 10d., and also tobe prosecuted by any common informer for the pe- nalty of 202, N.B.—lt is the intention of the Commissioners of Inland Revenue to publish in a separate list the names and residences of all persons surcharged ia double duty for sporting without certificates. ATOR. EETH. —Mr. 1 ESKELL, ‘Surgeon Den- [May 19, 1860. NEW WORK BY PROFESSOR TYNDALL, Just ready, with Illustrations, post 8vo, HE GLACIERS OF THE ALPs, Being a Narrative of various Excursions among them, and an Account of Three Years’ Observations and Experime nts on their Motion, Structure, and Ge. neral Phenomena. By Joun TyNpAiL, F.R.S., Pro. fessor of Natural Philosophy in the Roy: al Institution of Great Britain. _ Joun Mut Mu RRAY, Albemarle Street. MR. LE LESLIE’S PERSONAL REMINISCENCES, Next week, with Portrait of the Author, 2 Post 8vo. 4° TOBIOGRAPHICAL RECOLLEC- fi. TIONS. By the late Cnances Roserr Lest, R.A., witha Prefatory Essay, including Extracts from his Correspondence with W ashington Irving, and other Friends. By Tom Taytor, Esq. Joun Murray, Albemarle Street. Uniform with HALLAM’S HISTORY OF LITERATURE, vols, Just ready, 1 vol. 8vo. HISTORY OF FLEMISH LITERA. i TURE, and its Celebrated Authors. From the 12th Century to the Present Time. By Ocrave Dee. PIERRE. “Mr. Hallam, in his introduction to The Literature of Europe, has, in a great measure, overlooked Dutch authors, quoting only a few names of European cele- brity, of comparatively recent times, and he has alto- gether omitted Flemish writers and their werks. The well-merited fame of his book, and its great authority, suggested to me the idea of making up in some degree for this omission, and of giving to the English publica sketch of these neglected authors.” — duthor’s Preface. Joun Murray, Albemarle Street. USEFUL BOOKS FOR FAMILIES. The following Works may now be had, \ ODERN DOMESTIC COOKERY, i founded on principles of Economy and Practice al Knowledge, and adapted for the Use of Private Families. 230th Thousand. Wood-cuts. Post 8vo, 5s. Il. HOUSEHOLD or Hints on Emergencies. 17th Thousand. Wood-cuts. Ill. PRACTICAL INSTRUCTIONS IN GARDENING FOR LADIES. By Mrs. Lovpow. With a Calendar of Operations for every Month in the Year. 8th Edition. Wood-cuts, l2mo. 5s. SURGERY; By Joun Sovrn, Surgeon. l2mo, 4s. 6d, Iv. ARITHMETIC By Mrs. G. R, RATIONAL YOUNG PERSONS. Edition. 12mo, 3s. 6d. FOR Porter. 2d Vv. OF FAMILIAR QUO- ASH AUTHORS. 3d Edition. HANDBOOK TATIONS from ENGI s22mo. 5s, Albei mark > Street. ADVERTISERS IN KENT. In regard to circulation, the CHATHAM NEWS AND NORTH KENT SPECTATOR has now be- come the first Kentish Paper. The South-Kastern Gazette, which still utters its fallacious stereotyped statement that it circulates “ times the number of any other Kentish paper,” only claims, in its last Almanack, a circulation of “nearly 4000 weckly,” while 4000 has become the regular issue of the NEWS. In three months, its circulation increased 1250 weekly !—the increase al one representing the cir- culation of many very respectable local journals. In the Towns of Chatham, Rochester, Strood, and Bromp- ton, so far as can be ascertained, the NEWS now cir- culates ten times as many C all the other local journals combined ! The Subscribers to the NEWS include every Military, Naval, Official, and Civilian ; it enters nearly every house in the Advertisers can judge for themselves of the s likely to acerue to them by making their announcements in a journal whose circulation in the special district, may be said to be, without any exaggeration, universal. Advertisements should be sent not later than Thuts- day evening. cL Joun Mv RRAY, Po. ypies as class— advants AYTON and FOSTER, pial Printers, “ NEWS” Office, 58, High Street, Chatham. Two kinds of Military Ledgers, Order Books, Books, Squad Books, and upwards of Forms, always in stock The success of the NEWS erection of a Printing M: i position to execute all orders promptly, at very mo- derate prices. ROUTLEDGE’S BRITISH POETS. eae VOLUME. . price 5s. cloth, gilt edges HE PORTIC AL WORKS OF HUNT. Now finally collected. Himself, and edited by his Son, Tnornron With Illustrations by ConzovLp, The late Vols. of Routledge’s British Poets are, viz.: Day 60 Military LEIGH Revised by Hvenxt. COOK’S (ELIZA) COMPLETE POEMS, 1 vol. 5s. MACKAY’S (CHARLES) COMPLETE SONGS, 1 vol. 5s MACKAY'’S oe ARLES BALLADS AND LYRICS, | vol. PERCY? 5 RELIQUES OF l vol. 5s. *.* A complete list gratis on application. London: Rovriencr, Warne, and Rovriepsr, Farringdon Street. ANCIENT POETRY,

Page 23

Bl 8, ng ns 7e~ on us. ls, Be TE, nd \. the LE- “re le- to- ‘he ty, ree ca ce, cal ate oO, ‘N he RK 2d O- on.

vii May 19, 1860.] THE SPECTATOR. 483

_— Just ready, in_post Svo. with an Illustration, 7s. 6d. HE OLDEST of the OLD WORLD. By Sormta M. Eckiey. Ricuarp Bexriey, New Burlington Street. NEW WORK ON ALGERI A. Just ready, in pe pt 8ve HE CORSAIR and his ¢ ‘ONQUEROR, Being a Tour in Algeria. By Henny E,. Pops. London: Rictarp BENTLEY, New Burlington Street. ote WORK BY MRS. ELLIS. ust rez ady, in 1 vol. 5s. H APTERS on WIVES. Being Sketches of Married Life. By Mrs, Ets, Author of * The Mothers of Great Men.” ‘ London : Ricuarp Bextiry, New Burlington Street, NEW VOLUME = ” bet. TLEY’S STANDARD ‘s.” With the Magazines, ~ ae e. ice 2s. 6d.; and in eloth gilt, 3s. 6: HE LADIES of BEV ‘ER HOLLOW. A Tale of English Country Life. By the Author of “ Mary Powell.” Forming Volume 5of ‘* Bentley's Standard Novels.” London =

London: Ricuarp Bentiey, New Burlington Street. NEW WORK BY HANS CHRISTIAN yy ust ready, in 1 vol. 7 s. 6d. SANDHILLS, Author of ** The 7 TORIES “FROM THE By Hans CuristiaAN ANDERSEN. Improvisatore. London : Ricuarp BENTLEY, Ne ow Burlington Street. NEW eee BY THE AU THORS OF “THE TIMELY RETRE Now ready, in post 8vo. with ~—wiel ations, ls, 6d. ow W E SPENT THE AUTUMN OF 1859; or Wanderings in Brittany. By the Au- thors of “‘ The Timely Retreat.” “About the best type that could be found of the roductions of one great class of English travellers. here are few who can compare with the authors of ‘The Timely Retreat’ in activity; but here is a good specimen of what the re: ally active British traveller is, The whole volume is like the record of the ceaseless gyrations of a pair of living wheels. The authors saw everything, did everything, rode in everything sketched everything, and note d down everything that 1: ay within the compass of human powers, Nothing stopped them.”—Saturday Review. London : RicHarp BENTLEY, New Burlington Street. EDI TED BY DR. NORTON SHAW, SEARCH FOR SIR JOHN FRANKLIN, Now ready, in small 8vo. with a Maps, 6s. AX ARCTIC BOAT JOURNEY in the Autumn of 1854. By Isaac Haves, Sur- geon to the Second Grinnell Expedition. Edited with Introduction and Notes by Dr. Norvon Snaw. “ Of the incidents which occurred during Dr. Kane’s expedition hardly any can be compared in romantic in- terest with the extraordin: ury series of hardships and adventures of which Dr, Ilayes’ work is a memorial.’ Saturday Review. “ Full of thrilling interest, so full that we could not lay it down until we had re ad it throu gh. Itis a well- written narrative of terrible privations and sufferings, borne with a fortitude and patient endurance w hich may have been equalled, but certainly never surpassed, Dr. Hayes’ most interesting and well-written narrative shows that he is fully entitled to take rank with the most intrepid and heroic Arctic voyagers.”—Afthe- nerum. “ Stirring and deeply interesting as have been many of the records of Arctic enterprise, we know of none which exhibits these qualities more vividly than this work.” — Votes and Queries. London: Ricuarp Benriey, New Burlington Street. tbe NEW LONDON REVIEW of POLITICS, LITERATURE, ART, and SO- CIETY. Conducted by Cuanurs Mackay, LL.D., will appear every Saturday Morning. The date of publication, with other particulars, will be shortly announced.

| | Elegantly printed in 8vo. 62pp. All communications for the Editor or Manager to be | addressed to Strand, W.C. WORKS ON BOTANY. By J. H. Batrovr, M.D. Professor of Botany in the University of Edinb: urg>, and Regius Keeper of the Royal Botanic Garden. the Office, 11, Southampton Street, I, A MANUAL OF BOTANY: being an Intro- duction to the Study of the Structure, Physiology, and Classification of Plants. New Edition, crowa 8vo. price 12s. 6d. By the same Author, II. In 1 large vol. 8vo. with 1800 Illustrations, price 31s. 6« CLASS-BOOK OF BOTANY: being an Intro- duction to the Study of the Vegetable Kingdom. The same may also be had in Two Part Part L—STRUCTURAL AND MORPHOL OG ICAL BOTANY. 8vo. 10s. 6d ” I.—COMPRISING the ELEMENTS of VEGE- TABLE PHYSIOLOGY, CLASSIFICA- TION, BOTANICAL GEOGRAPHY, and FOSSIL BOTANY. With a Glossary of Terms. 8vo. 21s. Il, In 12mo, cloth, price 6s. 6d.; or cloth, gilt edges, price 7s. illustrated with upwards of 260 Wood Engra- vings BOTANY AND RELIGION; or Illustrations ofthe Works of God in the Structure, Functious, Arrangement, and General Distribution of Plants. Third Edition. Edinburgh: A. and C. Brack; London: and Co.; and all Booksellers. LONGMAN | VARNHAGEN von ENSE.

CHAPMAN AND HALL’S NEW PUBLICATIONS. In post 8vo. 12s, FILIPPO STROZZI. A HISTORY OF THE LAST DAYS OF THE OLD ITALIAN LIBERTY. By Tuomas Apotrnvs TRo.wore, “Mr. Trollope, singling out the figure of Filippo Strozzi as the centre of his re trospect, creates a large historical picture, in which we see that the Artist has taken counsel of the philosopher. Seldom, indeed, do we find a writer treating a favourite subject who is so thoroughly and instinctively impartial... . . Indeed, few persons are qualified to debate with him minute questions of Tuscan History; since his researches have heen larger perhaps than those of any one among his English contemporaries; and it is this full know- ledge which enables him to comprehend how in- numerable are the episodes in the National Italy, which have neverj yet been any commemo- rated. .... Need we add, that the book whence we have quoted these passages, is one to be read, to be remembered, and to be valued.”—Atheneum. ** The result has amply repaid Mr, Trollope for the labour he must have expended on the work; the bio- graphy of Strozzi gives us a picture of Italian life at

the beginning of the Sixteenth Century, such as is not | to be got elsewhere. This volume is very pleasant reading for the friends of Modern Italy, and Mr. Trol- lope has contributed not less to our underst anding of the present, than of the past by writing it.”—Saturday Review. TROLLOPE’S NEW NOVEL. 3 vols, post 8vo. CASTLE RICHMOND: A NOVEL. By Anrnony TROLLoFE, Author of ‘* The West Indies and the Spanish Main,” ** The Bertrams,” &e. [This day.

MR, In crown 8vo, 12s, LUCILE: A POEM. By Owen Merepira. Author of ‘* The Wanderer,” ** Clytemnestra,” &c. In demy Gvo. price 12s. CHRIST IN LIFE: LIFE IN CHRIST. By J.C. M. Betiew. Third oh danee r Edition, 8vo. Bs. THE BERTRAMS; A NOVEL. By Anrnony TRoLLor: [On May 21. CnarmMan and Hawt, 193, Piceadilly. and to be had at all Libraries. [ This day, This day is published, COMPANION TO DR. LIVINGSTONE’S MISSIONARY TRAVELS, Dedicated by permission to His Royal Highness, the Prince Consort. and illustrated with Portrait of the Author, 2 Maps and 12 Plates of the Scenery and costumes of Eastern Africa, 1. Ls. | VELS, RESEARCHES, AND MISSIONARY LABOURS, during an Eighteen Years’ Residence in the Interior, and on the Coast of Eastern Africa; together with Journeys to Usambara, Ukambani, and Khartum, anda Coasting Voyage from Mombaz to Cape Delgado, by the Rev. Dr. J. Lovis Krarr, late Missionary in the Service of the Church Missionary Society in Eastern and Equatorial Africa; including the Rev. J. Resmany’s THREE JOUR- {YS TO JAGGA, and Discovery of the great snow- capped Mountains of Equatorial Africa; and Native Accounts of the Great Waters of the Interior, since named by Captain Speke, Victoria Nyanza, or Lake Victoria; together with the Rev. J. Exnnarpr’s View of the Prospects and Resources of the COUNTRY OF THE WANIKA, the seat of the East-African Mission, To which is prefixed a concise Account of Geogra- phical Dise - ry in Eastern Africa up to the present time, by E. J. Ravensrery, F.R.G.S. ; dix, added whe Author, respecting the Snow-capped Mouutains of Equatorial Africa, | JL the PATRIARCHS; or | Just published, with plates 8vo, | of the Mysteries of Man's h. xistence and an Appen- | the Mountains of the | Moon, and the Sources of the Nile; and the Languages | and Literature of Abyssinia and Eastern Africa, &e. Handsomely a in 1 _ 8vo. bound in cloth, 28 LETTERS of AL EX ANDER yon HUM- BOLDT, written between the Years 1827 and 1858, to loegether with extracts from Varnhagen’s Diaries, and Letters from Varn- hagen and others to Humboldt. Authorized Transla- tion from the German, with explanatory Notes and full Index of Names. Tariipxer and Co, Chis day, is published, SOME OF MY CONTRIBUTIONS TO PERIODICALS in BYGONE DAYS. Sy a SEPTUAGENARIAN. 60, Pate rnoste Row,

price Bs. 6d, 1AM Brackwoop and Sons, Edinburgh and London. Wu j This day is published, the —< HISTORY OF FRANCE, FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE YEAR 1848, By the Rev. James Wut Post 8vo. price 9s. By the same Author, THE EIGHTEEN CHRISTIAN CENTURIES. Third Edition, with Analytical Table of Contents, and a Copious Index, ‘Post 8vo. price 7s. 6d. Wim Brackwoop and Sons, Edinburgh and London,

This day, post 8vo, price 5s. cloth, 1 BATEMAN HOUSEHO D: and What Became of Them. Ke printed from ** Chambers’ Journal,” Arrnur Hat, Virrve and Co, 25, Paternoster Row, 1 AKERTON RECT ‘ORY, By the Rev. 4d. Pycrort. Author of “Twenty Years in the Church,” &e, 1 vol. post 8vo. cloth boards, price 10s, 6d, L. Bootu, 307, Regent Street, W. Just published, feap. 8vo. pp. 224, handsomely bound n cloth, price 3s. 6d. ‘i DIARY OF A POOR YOUNG GENTLEWOMAN. Translated from the Gere man. By M. Anna Cuitps. _London : Triisxer and Co, 60, Paternoste r Row. Now ready, crown 8vo. Ys. 7s. 6d., | ECOLLECTION OF ‘BARON GROS’S EMBASSY to hs, and JAPAN By the Marquis Dre Mocss, Attaché to Authorized translation, with coloured

in 1857-58. the Mission. illustrations. London and Glasgow: Ricuarp Grirrix and Co. _ This day, in 2 vols. price l0s. 6d, cloth, A Beries LPHA AND OMEGA, f of Seripture Studies, forming a History of the Past Events and Characters in Scripture. By Groner Gitrittan, Author of ** The Bards of the Bible,” &e. Anruvr Hau, Vierve and Co., 25, Paternoster Row. THE NEW SPORTING WORK. Now ready, at all the ppoeren, 1 vol. e my 8vo. with numerous E ang? avings, 2ls 1 he HUNTING aROU N DS ‘of the OLD WORLD. By lH. (the Old Shekarry), Saunpers, OT.ey, im . 0, 50, Conduit Street, Hanover Square. Second Edition, with a Preface . Explanatory of the Method of the Book, in 1 vol., printed in Old Face Type, crown 8vo., price 7s, 6d, cloth, Antique, Red Edges, THE DIVINE LIFE IN MAN, Fourteen Discourses. By the Rev. Batowrsx Brown, B.A. Warp and Co., 27, Paternoster Row.

~~ ‘This day i is published, Bro. cloth, ‘price “12s, fy st ORIC AL MEMOIR OF THE O'BRIENS. With Notes, Appendix, and a Genealogical Table of their several Branches. Com- piled from the Irish Annalists. By Joun O’ Doxoonve, A.M. Barrister-at-Law. Dublin : Honors, Surra, and Co. Street, London: Smmpkin, MAarsnaun, PENTATEUCHISM ANALYZED. Now ready, in post 8vo, price 6s, cloth, HISTORY of the CREATION and Pentateuchism Analy- 104, Grafton and Co, tically treated. Vol. I. London : Suonee CHAPMAN, The BOOK of GENESIS. MANWARLNG, Successor to Joun 8, King William Street, Strand. price 7s. 6a. post free, THERMO-ELECTRIC AL "NATURAL SYSTEM OF MEDICINE; Ilealth, and Disease; Explanatory , and all the Phe- nomena of Life, with the Nature, Causes, and Treat- ment of Diseases upon Simple and Philosophical Principles; the first of 40 years professional ex- perience. By Cuantes Srante, M.D. M.R.C.S.E, L. Boora, 307, Regent Street, W. Tron or Science of Life,

ow ready, 8vo. cloth, 16s, )* OBSC URE DISEASES OF THE BRAIN and MIND; their Incipicnt Symptoms, Pathology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prophylaxis. By Forses Wixstow, M.D, D.C.L. This work embodies analyses of the Morbid Pheno- mena of: 1, Iatelligence—2, Motion—3, Sensation— 1. Special Senses—5, Sleepand Dreaming—6, Organic and Nutritive Life. Joun Cuvnc MILL, . LEE on WATE RS, CLIMATE, &e. 4th New Burlington Street. WATERING PLACES of ENGLAND, 7s. 6d. BATHS of GERMANY, FRANCE, and SWIT- ZERLAND,. Third Edition. &s. Ge. RATHS of RHENISH GERMANY. 4s. HOMCOPATHY and HYDROPATHY tially Appreciated. 4th Edition, 3». 6¢ EFFECT of CLIMATE on TUBERCULOUS DIS- EASE, with Notices of Foreign Lox (Prize Essay). 5s, 6d. Joun CuUuRcHILL, THE Edition. Impar- slities New Burl lington Street. Just published, in crown Svo, ‘eloth, price 5s. i E AND POEMS OF WILLIAM DUNBAR, the Burns of the 16:h Century. By James Parerson, Wallace and his Times, &e. Xe. Th Author of *

Edition is printed from the or iginal Manuscripts, modernized without chenging the idiom of the Author, while all the more obscure passages are amply explained in foot-notes, It is the first Complete Edi- tion of the works of the celebrated writer which has yet been o“ered to the public in a cheap and popular form. Edinburgh: Wim P. Nomo; London: Sire, Marsuant, and Co,; and all Booksellers. AND BEAUTIFUL LIBRARY EDITION, Price 5s. cloth ; 7s. half-bound ; Roxburgh style, 10s, 6d, antique morocco, {OLDSMITH’S VICAR OF WAKE- ¥ FIELD, printed by Warrrmeonam, with Eight Illustrations by ABsoLoy. “A delightful edition: the fine old type, and thick paper, make this volume attractive to any lover of books.” — Sdinburgh Guardian. “ Mr. Absolon’ ® graphic sketches add greatly to the interest of the volume.”—Art Journal. Grirrrru and Farran, Corner of St. Paul's Church Yard NEW

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484 THE SPECTATOR. [May 19, 1860,

UARTERLY REVIEW, No. CCXIV, is published THIS DAY CONTENTS : 1. Labourers’ Cottages. 2. British and Continental Nobility. 3. Madame Recamier. 4. The Bar of Philadelphia. 5. Notes on Nursing, 6. Fox Hunting. 7. Recollections of C. R. Leslie, R.A, 8. The Budget and the Reform Bill. Jonun Murray, Albemarle Street.

HANDBOOK FOR STATESMEN. ow rea ady, post | post 8vo. 7s. 6d. HOUGHTS on GOVERNMENT and LEGISLATION, By Lord Wrorrestey, F.R.S. “A sort of Parliamentary Handbook or Guide for Young Senators ; in which the broad outlines of the science of government are traced out plainly enough ; and the sources indicated from which the student, if he likes, may fill upthe picture for himself. ”— Guar- Joun Murray, Albemarle Street. NEW WORK BY MR. SMILES.

, 20th Thousand, = 8vo. 6s. ELF HELP. With i ustrations of teeny and Conduct. SAMUEL SMILES, Author of the ‘‘ Life of George steph enson.” e same Auth THE STORY o of GEORGE STEPHEN- SON’S LIFE, arranged from the larger Work. 10th Thousand. With Wood-cuts. Post 8vo. 6s, Jonun Murray, Albemarle Street, MR. SCOTT'S WORK ON GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. Now ready, Second Edition, 8vo, 9s. EMARKS on SECULAR and DO- MESTIC ARCHITECTURE, Present and Fu- ture. By G. Griperr Scort, A.R. A “ Gothic architecture no one could well deny to be our national style, but the further question us to its capability of adaptation to modern requirements is one that may well demand consideration. Mr. Scott enters fully into this part of his subject. No class of build- ing escapes his attention, no detail, however insignifi- cant, but it is brought under notice.”—Literary Churchman. Jonn Murray, ‘Albemarle Street. Now HE

_ NEW WORK BY REV. DR. M'COSH. This day is published, 8vo. 128. HE INTUITIONS OF THE MIND. Inductively Investigated. By Rev. James M‘Cosu, LL.D., Professor of Logic and Metaphysics in Queen’s College, Belfast, and Author of ** Method of Divine Government, Physical and Moral.” “*The work of Dr. M'Cosh has yielded us a measure of satisfaction which we should feel it difficult to ex- press. He has performed a noble service alike to true

——e MR. FORSTER’S NEW WORK. This day, post 8vo, 12s. ARREST OF THE FIVE MEMBERS BY CHARLES THE FIRST. A CHAPTER OF ENGLISH HISTORY RE-WRITTEN. BY JOHN FORSTER, JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. COMPLETION OF “ RAWLINSON’S HERODOTUS.” Now ready, with Maps and Wood-cuts, the Fourth and concluding Volume of THE HISTORY OF HERODOTUS; A NEW ENGLISH VERSION FROM THE TEXT OF GAISFORD. Edited with copious Notes and Essays, Historical and Ethnographical, By Rev. GEORGE RAWLINSON, M.A., Assisted by Sir Henry Raw ryson, K.C.B., and Sir J. G. Witxrnson, F.R.S. ** Worthy to take rank in its own kind with the works of Thirlwall, and Grote, and Mure, and Gladstone, And let it be said, once for all, that the book is a great book.””"— Guardian, JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. ARY SCHEFFER.

Now ready, with Portrait, 8vo. 8s, 6d. MEMOIR OF THE LIFE OF THE LATE ARY SCHEFFER. By Mrs. GROTE. “* This memoir bespeaks in its author a perfect acquaintance with Scheffer, in all relations; and the estimate of his artistic power is just and discriminating, as resulting from a mature study of his works: it is one of the most interesting pieces of artist biography we have ever read.”—Art Journal. JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. THE FRENCH INVASION OF RUSSIA.

Now ready, with Plans, 8vo. 15s. THE SECRET HISTORY OF EVENTS DURING THE FRENCH INVASION OF RUSSIA AND RETREAT OF THE FRENCH ARMY, IN 1812. By GENERAL SIR ROBERT WILSON, K.M.T., British Commissioner at Head Quarters of the Russian Army. “Sir Robert Wilson was with the Russian army in 1812, and was treated confidentially by the Emperor Alexander; hence he was able to give a history of the French Invasion of Russia, which may be advantageously read after the narratives of Labaume, Segur, and others. It is the work of a soldier and a gentleman, who felt bound to record many things that reflect deep disgrace on many of the actors in that memorable campaign, and that is the reason of its publication having been so long delayed.’"—Literary Churchman, JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

yand true To students, professors, ministers of the gospel, lawyers, men of letters, and = inquirers after truth we most earnestly commend it.’ British Standard. Joun Murray, Albemarle Street. THE STUDENT'S MANUAL TO THE ENGLISH CONSTITUTION. w ready, post 8vo. 10s. ” A MAN UAL of the ENGLISH CON- STITUTION; a Review of its Kise, Growth, and Present State. By Davin Row.anp. ** Mr. Rowland has divided his work into two parts ; in the first, he traces the rise and growth of the Con- stitution, from its earliest stage ; the second part ex- plains the actual working of Feceiement, and of the whole machine of Government, and the present rela- tions of the people to the Gov ernment. ** We should be doing injustice to our author, were we not to notice the calm fairness and impartiality with which he discusses and explains the disputes be- tween Charles I. and his Parliaments. He writes as a judge, and not as an advocate or a parti- san, and satisfies us that he has endeavoured to do justice = the parties."—Law Review and Ma- gazine, Feb., sous Mu RRAY, Albemarle Street. DR. WM. SMITH’S BIBLICAL DICTIONARY. Now ready, with Plans of of Jeruselem and Wood-cuts, Vol. I. medium 8vo, 42s. DICTIONARY OF THE BIBLE; Comprising its Antiquities, Biography, Geo- phy, and Natural History. Edited by Wm. Smrrn, fi. D. Editor of the “ Dictionaries of Greek and Ro- man Antiquities, Biography, Mythology, and Geo- graphy.” Among the Contributors to this important work, (which will be completed in 2 vols.) are the following. BISHOP OF CALCUTTA, CANON STANLEY. PROVOST OF QUEEN’S COLL, OXFORD, PROFESSOR ELLICOTT., REV. B. F. WESTCOTT. MR. FERGUSSON, DEAN OF CANTERBURY, LORD ARTHUR HERVEY. REV. J. 8S. HOWSON, REV. DR. HESSEY. REV. GEORGE RAWLINSON, MR. GROVE, &e. “We may be quite sure that a work, among the Jeading contributors to which we find such men as Al- ford, Cotton, Ellicott, Howson, Layard, Plumptre, Rawlinson, Stanley, Thomson, and Westcott, will af- ford a faithful re presentation ‘of the existing state of Biblical knowledge. From such names as these the reader is unquestionably entitled to form the highest expectations ; and we will venture to say that he will not be disappointed.”— Literary Gazette. Joun Murray, Albemarle Street.

MR. DARWIN’S NEW WORK. Now ready, Fifth Thousand, post 8yo, 14s, ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES, BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION ; OR THE PRESERVATION OF FAVOURED RACES IN THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE By CHARLES DARWIN, M.A.,, F.R.S. II. Also, uniform with the above, Tenth Thousand, Post 8vo. 9s. THE VOYAGE OF A NATURALIST ; Being a Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of Countries visited during a Voyage round the World. By CHARLES DARWIN, M.A., F.R.S JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

Now ready, in crown 8vo. price RACTICAL RELIGION ’ CON- TRASTED with THEOLOGICAL THEORIES. With a Portrait of the Author engraved on Steel from a Photograph by Maull and Polyblank, an entirely New Edition, remodelled and revised, with addi-

tional Poems, in 2 vols, 8vo. price 20s. cloth, Discourses. Dy P -~ tence ~ — s ses. y Pamir Wiiu1aM Perrrrr, Ph.D. x NI] ’ > ‘ ’ v HE POETICAL WORKS OF JOHN London: GrorGk MANWARING, successor to JouN EDMUND READE, CHAPMAN, 8, King William Street, Strand, London: Loneman, Green, Loneman, and Rope RTS. “ TT ——_ EAE Now ready, in post 8vo. price 10s. 6d. cloth, TRAVELLERS’ EDITION OF PEAKS AND | HOUGH"' Ss IN AID OF FAITH, PASSES. On Friday next, will be published, 5s. 6d. half-boun, JEAKS, PASSES, and GLACIERS: a Series of Excursions by Members of the Alpine An edition comprising all the Mountain Expe- ditions and the Maps, printed in a condensed form adapted for the Traveller’s pocket. Edited by Jonn Bat, M.R.I1.A., F.L.S., President of the Alpine Club. ‘THE object of printing the work in this form being | gathered chiefly from ame works in Theology and Philosophy. By Sara S. HENNELL, London: Grorce MANWaRING, successor to JonN Cnarman, 8, King William Street, Strand. NEW NOV EL. At all the Libraries, 3 vols. HE BADDINGTON PEERAGE : Who won it, and Who wore it. By Grorce Ave Gcustvs SALA, Author of ‘Twice Round the Clock,”

Club. exclude it from this volume and to publish it in a sepa-

to make it suitable for the j Tate form. Prof. Ramsay's | &e., &e. use of Swiss travellers, the |account of the Ancient Gla- coloured Mlustrations could | ciers of Wales will be pub- London : CuARLES <, Seoam, 10, King William Street, not be included, and, Profes- | lished immediately, and will | vaaring Cross, _ sor Ramsay's Paper being | form a guide to the traveller | ~—— a London: Printed by Josern Crayton, w, of 265, 8

mainly relative to Wales, it |in North Wales in search of has been thought desirable to | the traces of Ancient Glaciers. *,* The Fifth Edition of Peaks, Passes, and Glaciers, with Eight coloured Illustrations, may still be had, price 21s, London: Loyemay, Green, Lonoman and Ropers. County of Middlesex, Printer,at the office of Joseru Ctat- ron,17, Bouverie Street, in the Precinct of Whitefriars, in the City of London; and published by the aforesaid Josrru Crayton, at 1, Wellington Street, in the Precinct of the Savoy, Strand, in the County of Middlese™.— Sarvurnvday, 19th Mar 1860.