The Spectator 1853-12-31: Vol 26 Iss 1331

Page 1

N® 1331. Spee CE Tt Price N wrea Supp HE fator FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1853. News or tHe WrEEK— Danger of Prophecies ........... 1260 Political Summaries ............ 1245 How to Beard Society........... 1261 The Court ........-.. ; Lerrers To THe Epviror— Pod ——— o Oxford University Reform....... 1261 nt nereeeenes The Public Schools ............. 1261 Geetha 22 ccccccccccscccccccces 1249 Gteantnos rrom Bive Books, &c.— Foreign and Colonial............ 1249 American Agricultural Statistics The Public Health.............. 1251 —National Intemperance...... 1261 Miscellaneous .............00055 i252 Births, Marriages, and Deaths..... 1262 Posrscrirt To THE WeEEK’s News— 1254 Military Gazette TTTTTTTITT TTT TTT 1263 Money Market ................. 255 Commercial Gazette ............++ 1263 Tae THEaTnes 1256 PURSIO GIONS ccccccccccccceseces 1263 ae ee PON SEROESSCeOCOTe a Advertisements... ..........++ 1264—1268 Fine Arrs— The De ment of Science and Art—Brown, Jones, and Robin- DOD ov cccccccccccccesccecccccs 1256 Wyld’s Great Globe Tortcs or tHe Day— 1853 Tue SUPPLEMENT : Books — Benjamin Disraeli, a Literary and Political Biography—St. Jobn’s Rambles in Search of Sport— Bell's Edition of Dryden's Poeti- cal Works—Cherry and Violet— Toogood’s Reminiscences of a Medical Life Publications Received ........... Literary Gleanings............. ° Advertisements Settlement between Russia and Euro 1 Russia in the Baltic ............ 1259 A School for Austrian Financiers. 1259 Child-Murder in India and Eng- NEWS OF THE Tat which is probably the final attempt at negotiation with Russia on the subject of Turkey has been Seupteted by the recep- tion which Turkey has given to the joint note of the Four Powers, enclesing the protocol laying down the basis of further negotiations for a settlement of the war. The Divan was immediately as- sembled, and it was resolved to advise the Sultan that he should assent to the proposition for a negotiation between the representa- tives of Russia and Turkey in the presence of the Four Powers. He was also advised to reply to the joint note by specifying three conditions for the renewal of negotiations,—that Vienna should not be the place of the conference; that the Powers should give their guarantee for the evacuation of the Principalities on the con- clusion of the new treaty; and that the old treaties with Russia should not be renewed. Despatches transmitted through Vienna, and perhaps deriving a colour in that seat of compromising delu- sions, throw some doubt upon this last condition. It is now re- presented as not wearing so absolute a form as it first bore. It is not probable that the Turkish Ministers should have been entirely unfurnished with some information as to the views which the Four Powers had in inviting a statement of Turkish declarations ; and it may be supposed that the conditions which Turkey has indicated do not differ fundamentally from those which the Four Powers ex- pected as the reply to their question. There would indeed be no meaning in the request to know the conditions upon which Turkey would proceed, if he was only expected to go through the form of reviving those same negotiations at Vienna which were fruitful sa in nothing but delusions and delays. The next already in ss, would. be the transmission of "Di to Bt. Wearsters, and the Turkish the next stirring ques- tion is, how would it be received? From Vienna again they put forth hopes that Russia would not be ——. to negotiate, upon the sition that Tarkey might not lutely reject the re- vival of the old treaties. We regard that supposition as very shadowy ; but we are not so sure that R in spite of her recent violences, would contemn the fresh opportis for temporizing— for gaining time, and for cajoling other Powers of Europe, while she was permitted to pursue her aggressive operations in the East without interruption. It appears impossible, however, that the other Powers of Europe could still be subject to such de- lusions. The more probable expectation is, that the Emperor of Russia will at once reject the conditions; and in either case the negotiations are likely to terminate with the Czar’s reply. own to the latest date of the advices from Constantinople, the combined fleet had not entered the Black Sea, but orders for its entrance were hourly expected. The newest phase of the report about the fleet_is, that it is to be employed in maintaining the neutrality of the Euxine,—specifically, by driving both Russian and Turkish war-ships into their own ports and keeping them there. If the war were to bestow upon us this—a total exclusion of Russian war-ships from the “ Russian lake,” a real opening of the Dardanelles, hitherto closed for Russian and not Turkish jea- lousies, and a real admission for commerce in safety, unmenaced by Russian caprice and treachery—it would be worth the cost. eanwhile, there would appear to be something unfair in the imposition of a neutrality, which would in fact cut off one of the highways now open to Turkey for reinforcing her own provinces: but we must not cease to remember that reports of this kind al- ways precede any authentic information, and no distinct statement has yet been made of the orders under which the fleet is to act. The position of that fret, no doubt, has been equivocal. It seems to be arrested at anchor by some technical obstruction; and from the conduct of the two Western Powers in conjunction with the German Powers, it may be supposed that, notwithstanding the resolute determination ascribed to both courts, both recognize the policy of completing the formal stages of negotiation before pro- ceeding to the declaration of war which ought to precede its acts. Amongst the recent arrivals from Constantinople, has been that of Count Pourtales, the Prussian Minister at the Sublime Porte; and great stress is laid upon the fact, that, coming from Constan- yom he places himself in communication with the Governments at the Tuileries and St. James’s, and thence proceeds direct to the capital of his own sovereign. The time, indeed, appears to be approaching when the neutrality that Prussia has desired can no longer be maintained; and her own interest not less than that of Europe is deeply concerned in her taking the right side. Russia is using unscrupulously such means as she has to recruit her own forces ; and a credible report represents her as having issued some- thing like a command that Sweden should act for her as an auxiliary naval g in closing the ports on the Northern shore of the Baltic against British and French vessels. A statement that King Oscar is favourably disposed to a Russian alliance has been con- tradicted; and it 1s generally understood that the Swedish people is not disposed to subserve the conqueror of Finland. It has been stated that within the last few days transactions have taken place which draw the Governments of France and England closer to- gether; and the preparations for strengthening our military and naval forces at home, and placing them in a condition for imme- diate action,—preparations which cannot be concealed,—indicate the anticipation of the French and English Governments that such instruments will not much longer lie idle. India, generally tranquil, is disturbed with some of the internal elements that habitually ferment in that varied region, with rumours of a Persian force approaching to unite with Dost Ma- homed in harassing our frontiers. The infanticide which has been discovered in the Punjaub is no new Indian disease ; and the mea- sures taken to call out the action of the Natives themselves against it promise to do much in producing a healthier feeling. In like manner, the detection of corrupt practices»in the Post-ofliee, to favour the accused Guicowar of. Baroda, while it discloses no no- velty in the shape of offence, may contribute to encourage reforms which are slau proceeding. The expedition of a military force to Kohat, .f@ the purpose of putting down disorders among the frontier trib@, does not appear to have any proper connexion with the trumpetings of the Persian army ; but of course it contributes to in the uneasiness which those trumpetings create. On the whole, there is not half so much cause for anxiety as for in- creasing the confidence in India; although the treachery of our Persian ally and the malignity of our Northern enemy find those distant manifestations. As so many were beginning to hope at the close of last week, Lord Palmerston has retiirned to his country through the Cabinet. The mistake of his separation from his colleagues has been re- vised. Several hints, and even bold assertions, have been hazard- ed, that Lord Palmerston must have obtained “ his own terms” as the price of his resumption. It has been said that the energetic policy in the East is one concession, and that a mutilation or postponement of the Reform Bill is to be another. We do not ob- serve, however, that any of these statements have the aspect either of authority or of vraisemblance. As to the Reform Bil, it is a fact patent to the public that it had not been discussed at all in the Cabinet Council; and it is, we imagine, impossible that the Cabinet can have resolved upon any course regarding a measure which has yet to receive the consideration of that body. When Lord Palmerston manifested his severance from the Cabinet, it was authoritatively affirmed that the course in the East would remain as energetic as if there had been no change in the constitu- tion of the Cabinet ; and it is not to be supposed that the course, unaltered by his retirement, is likely to be altered by his con- tinuance. In the nature of things, therefore, it is improbable that there were any such “terms” to offer Lord Palmerston as those which have been pretended. At the first it was declared, still on authority, that the difference between the seceder and his col- leagues was very slight, and that the most friendly feeling pre- vailed on both sides; an averment fully confirmed by the result. Substantially, there appears to be really no difference of any kind and now Lord Palmerston’s temporary resort to a lodging away from his proper home must be regarded as an event “non ayenu.” Notwithstanding the benign attempt of Lord Palmerston to nod, Jovelike, from the altitudes of the Home Office, a reconcilement of the warring mortals in the North of England, the conflict which ‘passes by the name of “ the Strike” begins to assume a very

Page 2

1246 THE SPECTATOR. [Saturday, serious not to say an alarming aspect. yielding; and, contrary to some reasonable expectation, the tribute which they receive from distant quarters does not fall off. We are very much inclined to ask, whether the hard and reserved bearing of the masters, by strengthening the idea that they were harsh and unjust, has not stimulated the motive to those contri- butions which the opposite bearing might so considerably have | damped? Thus backed, the men steadily reject any partial con- cessions hinted by the masters. As a body, the masters are not more yielding. At Preston, after a debate on a variety of sugges- tions, from a proposition that the factory-bells should ring as of old, to one that the delegate masters should adjourn for three months, it was resolved that they should adjourn for one month. The men persevere from week to week; the Preston masters throw out their defiance for a month at a blow. But the masters have received a new support, which the public had scarcely been led to expect. Hitherto the manufacturers of the different towns have pursued a separate course, each place for itself: they have now copied the combined tactics of the men, and have formed a league of all the cotton-district to support the mas- ters of Preston. Included in the league we observe even Burnley, where the men have been thoroughly vanquished; Blackburn, where the masters have never resisted; Stockport, where the masters yielded; and Manchester, where the masters qualified resistance with temporizing. The local war is made general. Lord Palmerston’s Christmas-eve epistle is a reply to the me- morial which the Preston working people addressed to him six weeks previously. The reply is scarcely so happy an effusion as many in the Works of Henry John Viscount Palmerston; but if | the manner in which it dashes off the evidence that the Home Se- cretary is au fait in the political economy of the case falls short of his usual style in epigrammatic sketches, it must be confessed that a considerate gravity peculiarly became the occasion, and that the spirit of reconciliation which he suggests is eminently needed. One want even more urgent he points out—information. | It is to be feared that both sides are to a great extent acting blindly, upon guess-work; and thus, by the random attempts of the two parties, each to enforce its own claim without having taken the pains to make out the justice and practicability of that claim, or probably without even having so much as taken the trouble to investigate for itself the very grounds of the claim, a wide tract of Northern England is handed over, in a winter of dearth and hard weather, to the worst asperities of an industrial war. Che Caurt. Ar a Privy Council held at Windsor Castle, on Thursday, Parliament was ordered to be further prorogued from the 3d January tothe 31st January ; | then to meet for the despatch of business. Lord Aberdeen, Lord Gran- ville, and the Lord Chancellor, had audiences of the Queen. Prince Albert, the Prince of Wales, and Prince Alfred, skated in the Home Park on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday; the Queen looking | on, accompanied on the last day by Lord and Lady John Russell, ‘ The Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg left the Castle on Tuesday, for isbon. The Duke and Duchess de Nemours, Lord Clarendon, Lord Granyille, and Lord Raglan, have visited the Queen this week. Che Alrtrogalis. Christmas was kept on Monday with the customary festivities and en- tertainments, and with the accompaniment of real Christmas weather, frost and snow, as of yore. more gay. All day long, the streets were enlivened by the passing to and fro of the denizens of Cockaigne and their country cousins, in search of amusement, or engaged in the business of sightseeing. The British Museum, the National and Vernon Galleries, Wyld’s Great Globe, Ma- dame Tussaud’s rooms, the Zoélogical Gardens, St. Paul’s Cathedral, and Westminster Abbey, were visited by many thousands: it is estimated that between forty and fifty thousand persons entered the British Museum | alone. The weather being fine all day, and only more bracing at night- fall, the theatres were besieged with thousands whom pantomime in all its glory never tires; and anxious managers were gratified while the pub- lic crushed its way into every corner where sight or sound could arrive. It is remarkable that a pantomime was played at the Haymarket for the | first time in its history, on Monday night, founded on Southey’s charm- | ing story of the Three Bears. The Princess's, the Olympic, Sadler’s Wells, the Surrey, and the Victoria, also adhered to the old rule of pre- senting a pantomime on Boxing-day ; while the Adelphi and the Lyceum preferred fairy spectacle. It is worthy of note that the crowds in the streets were very orderly and well-behaved. The paupers of the Metropolitau Workhouses were regaled on Sunday with Christmas fare, roast beef and plum-pudding, with gifts of tobacco | In | and snuff to the adults and oranges and sweetmeats to the children. all the parishes, with four exceptions, there is an increase in the number of paupers both out-door and in-door, varying from 1576 in St. Pancras to 6 in the Edmonton Union. The large increase, however, oceurs in the out-door poor; showing a prevalence of that system of relief throughout the Metropolis. An agitation is in progress in the City for the purpose of “ procuring an alteration in the existing laws relating to the assessment of the poor-rate and the removal of chargeable poor.” At a meeting of persons interested, on Wednesday, it was resolved to request the Lord Mayor to call a public | meeting on the subject as early as possible. Mr. Charles Westerton, one of the Churchwardens of the parish of St. Paul, Knightsbridge, has made a formal complaint against the Honourable and Reverend R. Liddell, M.A., the incumbent, and the Reverend George Nugee, M.A., the curate, in a letter addressed to the Bishop of the dio- The men show no signs of London looked like London on Sunday, only | cese. According to Mr. Westerton’s account, Mr. Liddell the successor of Mr. Bennett, and Mr. Nugee the former curate, who was retained in office, and has obtained “a dangerous influence” over the new incum- bent, have gradually revived the Romanizing practices which were so of- fensive as to call for the Bishop’s interference and Mr. Bennett’s removal. The Churchwarden gives the Bishop a lengthened description of the man- ner in which the morning service at St. Paul’s Church is performed. “ While the clergy bell is ringing, the choristers, boys and men, about twenty in number, issue from the clerk's vestry in procession, followed _by | one of the curates, cap in hand. When they have taken their places, Mr. | Liddell and two curates, with occasionally volunteer clergymen, walk in pro- cession from the vestry, each bearing one or more of the vessels to be used at the communion. they approach the altar, on which stands a_ large cross, Mr. Liddell bows to it reverently, and places on the credence-table by its side the vessel he has brought. Mr. Nugee, also bowing reverently, now ap- proaches, and, giving up what he has brought to be placed there, takes his | place on the South si eof it, followed by the others; who, having followed his example, with the exception of bowing, take their places behind him. While this is going on, the choristers and congregation have all risen. During the ‘Gloria Patri,’ which occurs frequently during the service, Mr. Liddell, folding his hands across his breast, bows his head towards the altar, con- tinuing bent till it is ended. Mr. Nugee does the same. At the conclusion | of the Litany, the clergy retire in procession to the vestry. A voluntary from the organ peals forth; and Mr. Liddell and the curates return in pro- cession, he and Mr. Nugee bowing again to the altar as they approach it. The congregation and choristers have risen, the latter singing a ‘Gloria.’ Mr. Liddell having by this time taken his place on the North and his curates on the South side of the altar, they kneel down with their faces towards it, and their hands clasped, as in devotional adoration. No communion-table is provided, but instead of it an elaborately-carved oaken altar, precisely like those used in Roman Catholic cathedrals and chapels, and like them, covered with rich velvet ‘antependia,’ of colours varying with the sea- sons, embroidered with monograms, fleurs-de-lis, and other devices in silver and gold. This altar has been placed on a dais or platform, co- vered with carpet; and on it has been erected a ‘super altar,’ to give a greater elevation to the cross, and huge candlesticks, with equally huge candles, which stand upon it. This cross the Bishop ordered to be removed, | but it has been replaced. On the altar stand vessels of gold for the commu- nion, with large brass crosses on their velvet sides, so placed as to be seen from every part of the church where the altar is visible. At certain seasons, veils of rich embroidered lace and bouquets of flowers, the choicest that can be procured, are crowded in confusion on and about it: every niche of the reredoes on each side and above is occupied with plants of the camellia japo- nica, and fleurs immortelles, and evergreens deck the main body of the church itself. Until very lately these expensive floral displays have been ee for out of the offertory money.”” The Churchwarden takes the rubrical direc- tions of the Prayer-book seriatim, and assures the Bishop that Mr. Liddell | and his curates habitually violate nearly the whole of them. } | | ! | | There was a festival on Tuesday, in the Hall of Association in Castle Street, Oxford Street, the head-quarters of the codperative experiment, for the purpose of presenting an address to the Reverend Frederick Mau- rice, signed by 960 working men of the Metropolis. The room was gaily decked out with flowers, evergreens, pictures, and engravings; and be- side the gathering of working men, there were present a good sprinkling of other classes, Having partaken of tea, Mr. Corfield, a working man, took the chair; and, in a brief speech, told the assembly, that they had met to present an address to their esteemed and reverend friend Mr, Maurice. It was creditable to him that he had given a more liberal, merciful, and genial interpretation to the Holy Scriptures, than was | usually given to them; and for this the working men were grateful. Mr. Corfield added, that the conduct of the authorities of King’s College was not likely to narrow the division existing between the working classes and the Church. The address expressed the feelings of admiration and affection with | which the working classes regard Mr. Maurice; to the greater part of | whom he is known chiefly for his efforts in improving their condition and | introducing a purer and higher tone in their daily life, and for the sacri- | fices he has made to the maintenance of what he conceives to be vital and essential truth. All these services have been enhanced by his ur- banity and kindliness. Touching the recent occurrence, they say— _ “It is with pain and bitter regret that they have become acquainted with recent events connected with your position as a public teacher in one of the chief educational establishments of this country; and, while they desire to avoid any expression of opinion as to the theological aspects of the dispute which has unfortunately arisen, they are convinced that that establishment will be less favourably regarded in consequence of its results; and the au- thorities in connexion with it having looked upon you as unfit to rank among its most honoured teachers, working men will come to the conclusion that those authorities are not entitled to their respect.” The working men, the address continues, believe that “if anything tends to bring the many into real communion with the Church, it is that it numbers among its ministers men like yourself.”’ In reply, Mr. Maurice delivered an impressive address, enthusiastically applauded throughout. He must ask them to believe that he felt that which he could not express on this occasion. Briefly alluding to a circumstance which had lately oc- curred to him, he said he wished they had said nothing about it; and for his part he would pass it almost entirely : for those who signed the address must have differed from him on many points; and when he knew that others made allowances for him, he must make allowances for them. He would not have alluded thus slightly to those proceedings, had he not thought that those who addressed him attached much importance to acts which, if he had neglected to do, he must have fallen short of what he ought to have done. Disclaiming the testimonial as one personal to himself, he declared that he valued it for the sake of the cause in which so many of his friends are | interested. They had done more than he had. He was only the represent- ative of others, put forward because he was a clergyman of the Church of | England; and he had come forward because he believed it was the duty of a clergyman of the Church of England to come forward in euch a cause as this. He had also been put forward in order that the working classes might under- | stand that the Church of England ought to occupy the place it does occupy. | If, as churchmen, they did not feel they had a right to bear this witness to | the world, they had better give it up altogether, and say ‘*Our mission 1s nothing, our position is a lie.” It was better for them to make this confes- sion at once, than profess to do some things which they do not do, and say some things which they do not say He believed the institution to which they had alluded in their address, and with which he had been connected, was doing a great work for the mid- dle classes of this country, and for all classes. He believed and trusted that it would go on doing that work. Dear and honoured friends of his are con- | | eee ot aa |

Page 3

December 31, 1853.] THE SPECTATOR. 1247 nected with it, in whose hearts and understandings he had the profoundest confidence, and who he believed would not cease to labour that all good may come tothe country from their teaching. But those now assembled had another calling. It was for them to consider whether they could not bring the working classes into the same kind of discipline, and give them the same kind of education as the other classes. He felt he was bound to enter- tain this question more seriously than before, and he was most anxious that those whom he now addressed would assist him, and give him their hints and suggestions as to how it could be most effectually done. They ought to consider how the working man could be brought Within the influence of those collegiate institutions. An address had been delivered at Sheffield by a popular lecturer on the subject of a People’s College, and the question is one which they were bound to reflect upon and consider. The Sheffield in- titution might not be the best, but,what had been done at Sheffield could be in the way of improving the education of the people. ' He had spoken espe- cially of education, but the address had alluded to ‘the union fdhintetts the absolute necessity of all classes feeling that they are oné, and that the great barriers which separate them are not so mighty as the bonds which unite them one toanother. Ile felt and understood that the Church could only prove itself to be a real body in the land while it is working for that union of classes— that theclergyman does not belong to any particular class in the community, | but stands charged with the duty of bringing alltogether. This was his special vocation ; and therefore, at a time like this, when the war of classes is get- ting more serious—when they read of the terrible events now going on in the North of England—when they feel how much good is thrown away and how much ruin is entailed—when they hear all this, they feel the obligation laid upon them to bring masters and men together, and to show how some reconciliation could be made between them, and some arrangement of their | claims, which could not be effected by talking about the relations of supply and demand. When they feel all this, and see how tremendous is the dis- cord between classes, they behold a great work lying before the clergy of England. They see that they are bound to try if they cannot turn these feelings of strife to union and fellowship, and if they cannot turn the sums of money which they raise by such noble sacrifices to their use instead of their ruin. This is a question which is forced upon the consideration of all classes. The allusion in the address had induced him to touch upon it; and he had done so to get rid of personality, and to show that he did not look upon the honour done to him as a personal favour, but as a testimonial to a principle and a cause. strikes pressing for consideration, they could not expect him to talk of any petty sacrifice he had made; for every one is bound to make great sacrifices, and to work as they had never worked before. At the same time, they would When there are such questions as education and | feel that he was not disowning any of their kindness when he gave this di- | rection to their thoughts. They would feel that he was only showing more thoroughly how much he desired to sympathize with them, and how much he felt the extent of their sympathy for him. Sympathy is the most produc- tive of all principles, and has effected all the good there is in the world ; and he was sure that no other power would ever be substituted for it, to take its place or to do its office. He was sure that no struggle with man and man and class and class would ever do in England. If they were to go through the length and breadth of the land, and consider what had been accomplished, what triumphs had been won, and what enemies had been put down, it would be found that it had been done by the fellow working of hearts bound one to another, and pledged to accomplish that which they believed it right to do. He had always declared, wherever he had gone, that he stood upon the ground of an English churchman—that he was making that profession—and that he did not mean, under any circum- stances, to abandon it. .... When he saw two great countries struggling together—one the country of the Mussulman, and the other going forth with a proud and Christian name, singing Christian songs of victory—when he saw that country desiring to set its hoof upon the nationality of all other countries in the world, and that it was pledged to put down that which was right and put forward that which was unjust—when he felt that one foot of that great bear was resting upon Hungary and the other upon Italy—then he felt that when that power went forth in the name of the Cross he was | vils refe , | sible for him, without much more detailed information than he bound on such an occasion to rejoice in the victory of the Crescent, rather than in that which pretended to be the supporter of truth and was not. After much earnest enforcement of these and similar sentiments, Mr. Mau- rice concluded his address by invoking upon all present the blessing of this Christian season, and a happy new year. The speech of Prince Adam Czartoryski, delivered in Paris on the 29th November, was read to an assembly of Polish exiles in London last week ; and a complimentary address to the Prince was adopted, signed by Lieutenant Schulezewski and Mr. Zaba. Richard Medhurst, a boy of fourteen, worked with his father at a factory in Clerkenwell; on the evening of the 30th October, he left the factory with another boy. A man who was in a chaise-cart, in Old Street, said he wanted a boy to go with him to hold his horse; Richard said he would go; he got into the cart, and the man drove off towards Shorediteh. Nothing more was heard of Richard Medhurst till Monday sennight, when his naked corpse was found in a diteh at East Acton. His father said that when the boy left home he was stout and healthy : the corpse was very emaciated ; there were marks as if the hands and feet had been tied with a cord ; there was a bruise on the nose, and a more extensive one over the right eye; on the body were scratches and scars; the back and hips were sore, as if from lying long in one position. There was no food in the stomach; and the left lung was extensively diseased, though when last seen alive Richard, it was said, exhi- bited no signs of such disease. Medical evidence, however, described the disease as of long standing, and the boy’s constitution as of a highly scrofu- lous character. On the whole, the inference is, that, from some unaccount- able motive, the boy was decoyed away, imprisoned, starved, and beaten ; and when death resulted, his body was conveyed to Acton to mislead those searching for the murderers as to the locality of the crime. The Coroner's Jury, after two sittings, adjourned for a fortnight, to allow of further in- quiries, and to enable the Coroner to apply to the Home Secretary to offer a reward for the conviction of the murderers. Haeas, a German tin-plate-worker, of King Street, Soho, after attempting to murder his wife, has killed himself. On Wednesday sennight, Mrs. Haeas ave birth toa child; her husband uttered taunts about its paternity. On turday, he took Mrs. Hueas’s mother out on pretence of marketing, slipped away from her, ran home, and with a sharp-pointed spring-knife attacked his wife, who was in bed—the infant beside her. She raised her arms to defend herself, and received several gashes on them and on her side; and she managed to get out of bed and run down stairs with the infant. They were subsequently conveyed to the Workhouse: the child was covered with blood, but was not hurt; and the mother is going on favourably. When the Police went into Haeas’s room, they found him dead; he had nearly cut off his head with a razor. William Anderson has been committed by the Lord Mayor on a charge of uttering a forged bill for 22507.—a case of which the particulars were noted last week ; and he is remanded on a second charge—uttering a forged bill for 2480/., with intent to defraud Mr. Freese: in this case he received the poney for the bill, Messrs. Overend and Co, having discounted it for Mr. reese. The Clerkenwell Magistrate has sentenced John Thwaites and his wife te prison for two months for ye to a girl six years old, the illegitimate child of the man. While the girl was beaten, kicked, and starved, the chil- dren of the unfeeling spouse were treated well. Mr. Williams, a clockmaker of Spitalfields, was garotted and robbed of a watch on Monday evening, by three men who followed him from a shop. Timothy Warren is in custody, and has been identified by Mr. Williams as one of the robbers. Four of those very unmanageable creatures, evil-disposed young girls, have been committed by Alderman Wilson for attempting to set fire to the done in London ; and they were bound to ask themselves what could be done | West London Union Workhouse, because they had been put in a separate room for ill-treating some old women, William Mitchell, a watchmaker of Pimlico, is in custody charged with pawning watches intrusted to him for repair. Three white swans and a black one, the property of the Ornithological So- ciety, have been stolen from St. James's Park, A reward is offered for the detection of the impudent thieves. The inquiry at Marylebone Workhouse into the case of the Walshes has been continued ; and the evidence given by the officials and others, with the admissions and behaviour of the Walshes themselves, seem to show that there was not only great exaggeration in the statements made before the Coroner, but downright falsehoods. The Magistrates at the different Police Courts have received liberal con- tributions for their poor-boxes at this inclement season. A fire in Upper Thames Street, very early on Monday morning, destroyed a large part of Mr. Dunster’s rag and paper warehouses. Several surround- ing buildings were also damaged, including St. Michael’s Church, Queen- hithe. There was another large fire very early on Thursday morning, which destroyed the premises of Mr. Burgin, an upholsteror, in Great Winehester Street. The adjoining houses, and three on the opposite side of the narrow street, were much damaged. The buildings were old, contained much timber, and are suid to have been erected before the Great Fire. Che Provinces. Lord Palmerston, through Mr. Waddington, has sent the following reply to the memorial forwarded to him some weeks ago by the “ locked- out’ hands at Preston. The letter is addressed to the President of the Operatives’ Executive Council. “Whitehall, Dec, 24, 1853, “Sir—I am directed by Viscount Palmerston to acknowledge the receipt of thé memorial, dated the 15th ultimo, signed by you on behalf of the power- loom weavers of Preston and its scbhootaell “Lord Palmerston has delayed til now answering this memorial, in the daily hope that he might hear that an amicable arrangement of differences had been come to between the work people and their employers. I am, however, to assure you that his Lordship read the memorial with much sympathy and with deep regret. “Tt was impossible that he should not sympathize with the feelings of a large number of a most deserving class of the community, who have been led to think that they are suffering under acts of injustice, and it could not but excite his deep regret to reflect upon the severe privations which the state of things to which the memorial cles must have inflicted upon those on whom it so hardly bears. **Lord Pulmerston desires me to state, that he feels bound, moreover, to do justice to the temper and moderation with which the memorial has been drawn up. His Lordship is sorry, however, tosay that he has no means of interposing to apply a remedy for the evils referred to. It would be impos- to form a just opinion as to the merits of the points in dispute between the working men and their employers; and he could not, as a member of the Government, possess any right or power to interfere in the matter. “Under thes: circumstances, his Lordship would only venture to suggest, in the most friendly spirit, some topics for the consideration of the memorial- ists. They must be well aware that labour, being a commodity like any other, its money value in the market must be regulated by the same general principles which govern the price of other commodities, and that, among these governing principles, the most influential are the cost of production and the relative proportion of demand and supply. The cost of production, in regard to labour, means the price of the necessaries of life ; and the pr - tion of demand and supply must depend very much upon the periodical fluc- tuations of trade. It is greatly to be wished that both the working men and their employers would allow these general causes to act silently and gradu- ally in equitably adjusting, from time to time, the proper rates of the money reward for labour ; and it is scarcely to be doubted that, by forbearance on bo! sides, and by mutual and reciprocal good fecling, these arrangements might generally be effected without a recourse to such injurious methods as strikes and lock-outs. It may be said, that in times when, according to the general principles above adverted to, an increase in the rate of wages would be just, that increase might be too long delayed, and the working men be thus sub- jected to undue privations, if the adjustment was left to the gradual opera- tion of forbearance and good-will. But may not an appeal be made to the result of recent events, to show that even such inconvenience would be less than the evils arising from extensive and general strikes? These evils are many and great. Thestrike of the workmen deprives the strikers of their wages, and, so far as wages are concerned, it deprives them of the means of subsistence. On the other hand, the strikes of course stop production; and unless markets happen at the moment to be much overstocked, strikes give to the foreign producer a position of advantage from which he may not after- wards be so easily dislodged. And if strikes were to become too frequent, or of too long duration, a part of that capital which is now applied in giving employ- ment to labour at home, might possibly be transferred to other countries, to the disadvantage of British industry; and that this is not a groundless sup- position, is proved by the fact that British manufacturing establistiments — been formed in Belgium, in France, and in Mexico. This, too, leads to a reflection upon the opinion which seems to have actuated the strikers, that the general prosperity of our export trade was in itself a proof that the rates of wages ought to be increased. Lord Palmerston does not pretend to form any judgment as to whether that opinion was well or ill founded in the particular instance to which it referred; but his Lordship has desired me to remark, that our power to supply foreign markets with manufactures de pends upon the cheapness at which those manufactures can be sold, that their price must depend mainly on the cost of production, and that the wages of labour form a material part of that cost. ; ‘* Therefore, as our exported manufactures must always be running a hard race with the similar manufactures of other countries, an rs gene | flourishingtrade may possibly be chetktd™by an increase of wages, whic

Page 4

1248 THE SPECTATOR. (Saturday, would add to the cost of production; and the gains made by the manufac- turers may often consist of a very small profit upon each separate article, the aggregate amount of gain depending on the quantity exported, and that uantity, depending on the cheapness again, is governed by the cost of pro- uction. “In directing me to submit these general reflections to the consideration of the memorialists, Lord Palmerston does not mean to give any opinion on the immediate subject of dispute; but his Lordship would earnestly entreat the working men to lay aside those feelings which are too apt to be engen- dered by a struggle, and to endeavour, if possible, to come to some arrange- ment with their employers. “ Tam, Sir, your obedient servant, ** Mr. Kinder Smith, Preston.’’ The manufacturers of Lancashire met at Manchester on Tuesday, and passed a resolution pledging themselves to support the Preston masters in their struggle with their workmen. The Preston employers have published an address to rebut the asser- tions made by the delegates of the turn-outs, This is the most important assage— ’ “ Being anxious to ascertain the difference (if any) between the earnings of the various classes of operatives in 1847, before the above-mentioned re- duction took place, and those in the summer of 1853, before the 10 per cent was demanded, we find, from the returns furnished us from the wages-books of several large and influential firms, that instead of any decrease there has been an actual increase, varying from 5 to 30 per cent, after making due al- lowance for the difference in the hours of labour from sixty-nine to sixty H. WappinerTon.” hours per week. We have not thought it necessary to extend these inquiries, | not having the slightest doubt that if the average of all the mills now closed had been taken the result would have been the same. We take this oppor- tunity of stating, for the information of those persons whose aid and contri- butions are solicited for the hands, that in a well-regulated spinning and weaving establishment the weekly earnings of men employed therein vary from 12s, to 35s., women and young persons from 7s. 6d. to 1ds., and children from 4s. to 6s., according to the nature of the employment and the diligence and ability of the worker; and that the average of all classes of hands in such an establishment is about 10s. each.” They consider that the statement that wages at Preston have been lower than elsewhere is refuted by the fact that hitherto the town has | been well supplied with good hands. ™ The associated manufacturers of Bury have notified that members of | their body are at liberty to give employment for four days a weck until the 1st of February to those willing to work, on the understanding that | the operatives should not subscribe for the support of turn-outs. The | factory-hands have met in thousands, and passed a resolution rejecting employment on such terms, Messrs. Stubs, file-workers at Warrington, have, without any solicita- tion, advanced the wages of their workpeople 10 per cent. The men held a meeting, passed a vote of thanks to their masters, and invited them to a dinner. The firm declined the dinner, as they had merely done an act of justice. The petition against the sitting Members for Liverpool has, it appears, been withdrawn ; but a local journal asserts that an amended petition may be substituted, praying not only for the unseating of Mr. Liddell and Mr. Horsfall, but for an inquiry generally into the practices usual at elections for the borough. At a meeting convened by Mr. J. B. Lloyd, Mayor of Liverpool, and held in the Sessions-house of that town on Wednesday, resolutions were unanimously passed approving of a decimal coinage upon the plan recom- mended by the House of Commons Committee in their report. Speeches were made by Mr.'William Brown, Mr. Thornely, and Mr. Horsfall, Members of Parliament; and copies of the resolutions were ordered to be forwarded to Mr. Gladstone, Lord John Russell, and Mr. Cardwell. [The plan proposed by the report, it will be recollected, was to take the sovereign as a unit and divide it into 1000 mils ; the half-sovereign would then represent 500 mils, the crown 250 mils, the half-crown 125 mils, the florin 100. mils, the shilling 50 mils, and the sixpence 25 mils. Our copper coinage would therefore require to be altered, and perhaps the hali-crown, and pieces of 10 and 20 mils struck instead. ] For the past eighteen months there has been a reformatory school in existence on the estate of Mr. T. B. H. Baker, one of the Magistrates of Gloucestershire, at Hardwicke. The first occupants of the school were three weakly boys ; its holding was one acre of land. Last winter, they took six acres; now they have ten. The first annual report, made on St. Thomas’s Day, shows that twenty-three boys have been received ; that the cost for the establishment has been 400/, including 250/. for building ; that the value of the stock, 171/., reduces the whole cost to 230/., or 112, per head for eighteen months. Of the twenty-three boys | received, four are failures, three have been provided for, and the remain- | der are undergoing the reformatory process. The Birmingham people, disappointed of their “crystal palace” at Sutton, are promised three small “parks” nearer the town. Lord Cal- thorpe, Mr. Adderley, and Mr. Joseph Sturge, have offered three plots of land ; the ratepayers have sanctioned an application to Parliament for | powers to levy a rate; and the Town-Clerk has been instructed to see to the passage of the necessary bill through Parliament. The Delegates of the Oxford University Press have this week given an entertainment to their workmen and boys, and to the wives and children. Afterwards the workpeople gave a concert, at which the Mayor and many ladies and gentlemen were present. The University Press establishment “educates 150 boys who are employed on it, and they meet every evening for an hour or two for instruction. In addition to this, they have formed a brass band among the workmen, and supplied them with musical instru- | ments, and the performers have in a short time attained great proficiency.” A church-rate for the repair of Malvern Abbey church-tower has been — on a poll, by a large majority: the minority voted for a year's elay. Mr. Bankes, the Member for Dorset, is about to be presented with a testimonial, for his exertions as Chairman of Quarter-Sessions in that courtly. The military lines to the North and East of Devonport, long left un- finished, are now under the hands of engineers. It would seem to be the intention of the authorities to complete them. At the funeral of the Reverend John Hawtrey, late Vicar of Kingston Seymour, twenty-six non-commissioned officers and privates of the First and Second Life Guards attended, as a mark of their respect and esteem for the deceased. Mr. Hawtrey was once in the Dragoon Guards, and | had recently preached in the military church at Windsor, while staying with his son, the Reverend Stephen Hawtrey, one of the Masters of Eton School. A tablet is to be erected to his memory by voluntary subscrip- | tions of the soldiers of the Household Brigade. The extension of the South Wales Railway from Carmarthen to Haver- fordwest was “inaugurated” on Wednesday, at a public breakfast, given by Mr. Waters, the Mayor of Haverfordwest. There was a solemn civic rocession to the Shire-ball, which was decked out with evergreens and om bearing such mottoes as ‘‘ South Wales—the Highway of Na- tions,” “‘ Milford Haven, Panama, and Australia,” “ Milford Haven, and America,” “ Milford Haven, East Indies, and China,” and quotations from Shakspere’s Cymbeline. Lord Evelyn, Mr. Isaac Butt, Mr. Phillips, and Mr. Talbot, Members of Parliament, made speeches; and the “greatest enthusiasm” usual on such occasions prevailed. A new theatre is about to be erected in Leeds; anda large portion of the capital, which it is proposed to raise by shares, has been already sub- scribed, The deposits in the Lewes Savings-bank have increased during the past year to the amount of 28647. 7s. The wires of the electric telegraph have been brought into the centre | of Cambridge and Yarmouth. The Committee of Visitors of the Ilanwell Lunatic Asylum has passed a resolution declaring that from the lst of J wa 1854 the weekly sum to be paid for each person confined in the asylum chargeable to the county, or to any parish therein, for the purpose of defraying the whole expense of the lodging, maintenance and care, medicine and clothing, and other expenses requisite for cach person, and to pay the salaries of the officers and attendants, shall be fixed at the sum of 10s. 6d., instead of 8s, 9d., as at present ; being an increase of 1s, 9d. per week. The skeletons of no fewer than five infants have been discovered at a cot- tage in Ditchling, Sussex, while workmen were pulling down a fireplace. The children had been concealed behind the brick-work in which the grate was set; an oldfashioned chimney-corner having been altered and modern- ized some years ago, so as to leave large cavities, The cottage was formerly | oceupied by Gatland, an old labourer, his daughter, and a young woman and a youth. The daughter had two acknowledged illegitimate children. The suspicion has arisen that the infants were the progeny of this woman, se- cretly born and disposed of. She was arrested, but no evidence was adduced at the inquest to warrant her detention for murder. She was subsequently again arrested for concealment of. the births. | One Evans, of Caerleon, ill-used a woman named Wilford, with whom he lived; the Police interfered, and Evans was summoned before the Magis- trates. Wilford did not appear against her paramour; but the Magistrates ordered search to be made for her to compel her to come forward. Evans went to a house where she was stopping, and asked her if she meant to ap- pear? she replied that she was “afraid” the authorities would make her; whereupon the ruffian seized hold of her, and with a razor gashed her throat: her state is hopeless. The assassin is in custedy. The Coroner’s Jury which sat at York on the body of Mr. Hall, drowned | in the Ouse, have pronounced a verdict of ‘* Wilful murder” against Camp- bell and Nicholson, the girls who pushed him into the water. Thomas Husband, a collier of Barnsley, has been robbed and murdered. His body was found by the road-side, with the neck dislocated ; his pockets had been turned inside out.’ Husband was a boasting man, often talking of his money; he spent freely at public-houses; on the night before his corpse was found he had been drinking in Barnsley, and left a tavern with a num- ber of pot-companions. Manning, a keeper in the service of Mr. Berners, at Holbrook in Suffolk, has been badly wounded at night by a poacher. He and others were pur- suing the depredators, but had not come into collision with them, when a poacher hidden in the rear fired at Manning, and no fewer than 160 shots entered his body. The poacher has escaped detection for the present. Two farmers, named Withers, father and son, while returning home ina gig from Bristol towards the Mendip Hills, were set upon by five men, and robbed of 100/. Samuel Skeates, a noted bad character, has since been ar- rested, and the farmers identify him as the leader of the highwaymen. Two others are also in custody on suspicion. The four prisoners accused of complicity in the Leighton Buzzard bur- dexe—-teanall, Sanders, and Parker of the robbery, and Myers of receiv- ing the property—were taken from London to that town ; and after two ex- aminations there all have been committed. Bail was refused for any. Three burglars entered in the seateee house of Mr. Thomas, a butcher of Pencoose, near Penryn; maltreated Mrs. Thomas and her daughter, who were alone in the place; and carried off upwards of 500/.in money. They were all disguised. Mrs. Webb and her sister, the Colchester Sate, have been sentenced to four months’ hard labour in Springfield Gaol. A large number of manufacturers in Leeds have been fined for neglecting to provide apparatus for consuming the smoke arising from their furnaces. A frightful disaster—not an accident—has occurred on the Taff Vale Rail- way. ‘The branch from Merthyr to Dowlais has an incline of 400 feet in one mile, which is worked by a stationary engine. On Wednesday, ‘the officials neglected to attach the rope to the mid-day passenger-train before starting it. It consequently dashed down the incline with gee | increasing velocity as it neared the bottom. The guard leaped off the brea soon after the carriages commenced their descent, and was unhurt. Nowe of the passengers were, however, enabled thus to escape, as they were all locked in the compartments; and their shrieks while a. along the bridges over the roads near the town were most appalling. The branch joins on to the main line at the bottom of the incline by a sharp curve. The train abandoned the rails at this spot, leaped clear up into the air a great height ; the carriages separating into shreds, the passengers thrown out, and, with the débris of the train, falling like a shower into the Taff river and on the adjoining cinder-tips. Notwithstanding this extraordinary vio- lence, some of the puesupers were enabled to walk away comparatively unhurt; others are much hurt, and two women are dying, one having her back broken, and the other a fracture of the skull, besides which they are | frightfully lacerated and torn almost to pieces.” There was a fatal collision on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway on Thursday morning, at Newton Heath, near Manchester. A train leaves | Manchester for Rochdale at 9.40, and stops at Miles Platting and Newton | Heath stations—the latter four miles from the city. Five minutes later, an express-train leaves Manchester for Oldham, stopping at neither station. | Thursday morning was frosty, the ground covered with snow, and a heavy | fog in the atmosphere, The first train was just about to move from New- XUM

Page 5

XUM December 31, 1853.] THE SPECTATOR. 1249 ton Heath station, when the express dashed into it, crushing the last car- riage to pieces and damaging the one in advance of it. Miss Jane Sykes, a young lady of Lindley, near Huddersfield, died a few moments after she was — up; her grandmother, Mrs. Lord, lies in a very dangerous state ; enry Tidy, a guard, is in peril from a concussion of the brain ; and a dozen other persons were hurt, some seriously. The precise cause of the “ acci- dent” is not yet clear—unless the system of starting the trains is a sufficient explanation. The greater portion of the Royal Paper Mills, situated on the Mole near Esher, was destroyed by fire on Friday last week. The fire broke out about ten o’clock, apparently among some rags, and perhaps from their spontaneous combustion ; but the cause is not known with certainty. The flames tra- velled rapidly, from floor to floor and from building to building. A small portion of paper was saved from some of the burning buildings. The loss is estimated as high as 100,000/.—there was a great quantity of costly machinery in the mills: both buildings and contents were insured, but not to the ex- | tent of their value. No fewer than 250 persons will be thrown out of em- ployment by the calamity. Two men have been burnt to death in a barge on the Kennett and Avon Canal, at Pewsey : they entered their cabin drunk ; there was a stove in it, and probably this got overheated ; early in the morning the barge was dis- covered in flames. _ Three men—a father and two of his sons—have been killed at Porkellis United Mines, in Wendron, by the fall of part of the roof. A brewer of Selby has been found drowned in a vat of ale, into which he had fallen when alone in the brewhouse. There was an immense accumulation of colliers last week in the North- eastern ports, detained by the continued Easterly gales. It was reckoned on Saturday that there were a thousand sail thus hindered from departing. On Monday the wind changed, and the shipping crowded out of the rivers and harbours. IRELAND. Lord Palmerston has replied to a letter from Mr. Lucas M.P., stating his intentions with regard to making provision for the spiritual instruction of Roman Catholic convicts, by enclosing a copy of a letter addressed to the Chairman of the Directors of Convict Prisons. A register of the re- ligious faith of each convict is to be kept; and a Roman Catholic chap- lain is to be appointed to each prison, to have equal facilities for visiting Roman Catholic convicts with those enjoyed by ‘Protestant chaplains, and | to be paid by an annual sum proportioned to the average number of Ca- tholic convicts. Mr. John O'Connell, in a triumphant address to his constituents, thus characterizes the “ newspaper-triumvirate ” who have “taken upon them- selves to rule the country, and lecture prelates, priests, and people, upon their duties” — “This ominous and heterogeneous conjunction of a Protestant advocate of ep Seneee, an English teacher and expounder of Irish rights and Irish feelings, and a Catholic plagiarist from the wild and half-heathen Carlyle, and panegyrist of the anti-Catholic Kossuth, the anti-Christian Mazzini, and their Red Re ublican and murderous abettors, decided that you, who were ever true to Ireland and her religion, required to be lectured upon your duty.” We presume this choice sentence is intended to describe Mr. Lucas, Mr. Duffy, and Dr. Gray. The Roman Catholic Archbishop of Tuam has addressed a letter to the “martyr” Archbishop of Freiberg, expressing warm sympathy with him in the “ fierce persecution” raised against him and his faithful clergy - their undaunted defence of the rights of Episcopacy and the Holy As a contrast to the high poor-rates in the county of Clare, in one parish 7s. 8d. in the pound, we may mention those of the union of Banbridge in the County of Down. In its sixteen electoral divisions, thirteen strike a rate of 4d., two of 5d., and one of 6d. The weather has been as severe in Dublin as elsewhere this week. In the trial of Dowling versus Lawler, before the Dublin Court of Ex- chequer, the Jury found a verdict in favour of Dowling, the effect of which releases him from prison, frees him from all liability as far as the two bills in dispute are concerned, and leaves him at liberty to take any legal course he pleases towards those whom he considers instrumental in bringing about his imprisonment. An interesting young lady, ward of the Court of Chancery, being in pos- session of a handsome income, was lately called on to surrender about two- thirds of her property to a young gentleman connected with her family, who suddenly appeared from aistant land. Having clearly proved his rights at law, the lady was obliged to yield; but immediately on his being successful he popped the question, was accepted, and the broad acres, as well as the loving hearts, became at once united. The parties belong to the county and were married in the city of Cork.—Cork Constitution. A young woman was seduced in the North of Ireland by a man who proposed to marry her ; but the match was delayed by a dispute about the lady’s dowry. She was a teacher in a school, and feared her apparent approaching maternity would cause her to be discharged. She induced her sister to don male cloth- ing, cover the lower part of her face with flannel, and personate the swain ; and in his name she was married by the registrar to her sister. When the se- ducer heard this, he refused to marry his victim—he was not going tc com- mit bigamy. The powers of the law will probably be invoked to wring da- mages from h::n for the seduction. Lieutenant-Colonel Brownlow Villiers Layard, formerly Member for Car- low, has committed suicide in Dublin. For some little time past he had shown symptoms of mental derangement, talking of his pecuniary affairs as if they were much worse than they were. He had formerly an income of 800/., which had latterly been reduced to 4007, Colonel Layard had been advised to remove from the suburbs into Dublin; he and his wife took lodg- ings in the city. At the Coroner’s inquest, the lady gave this account of the shocking particulars of the suicide—** When I awoke this morning about eight o’clock, he seemed very much excited. He asked me to give him some laudanum which I had in my dressing-box. I said I would not give him any then, as Dr. Carroll would soon come and set him all right. I went into an anteroom, and fearing lest he might press me to give him the laudanum, I poured it into a basin. After the lapse of about two minutes, I returned to the bedroom, and saw the bed full of blood, and then I saw him brandishing a razor and gashing at himself. I rushed upon him, but I was unable to pre- vent him, and he kept doing so notwithstanding my exertions. I shrieked for b the people of the house came and put me out of the room, and did eould to get the razor from him. I returned to him soon after, and, clasping me by the hand, he said something like ‘God bless you!’ I am confident he was out of his mind. He was a man of ardent tem- erament, and authoritative in his manner, but very affectionate to us all. fe had been in very low spirits for some time.” Yerdict—‘* Temporary de- rangement,” On the morning of Wednesday, a large ship foundered in the Irish Chan- nel, about twenty-five miles East of Kingstown harbour. The Dublin'steamer Prince saw the vessel sinking, and the master hastened to the aid of the crew ; but when he arrived near the spot the ship was gone. Some twenty unfortunate creatures were seen floating in the icy-cold water of a boisterous sea, clinging to bits of wreck. The master of the Prince ordered out his boats; by some mismanagement, one got adrift, and the other was capsized : all was confusion. It is said that the people of the steamer would not aid their perishing fellow mariners. However that may be, they did not. A fishing-smack came up, and two men put off in a little boat and saved six men: the rest were drowned. SCOTLAND. The citizens of Glasgow are apprehensive lest their shipping, which is utterly defenceless, should, in the event of war, be burnt by a Russian cruiser, As a means of defence, there are only, it is said, “ 1000 old flint muskets in Dumbarton Castle” ; and it is asked, “ what is there to prevent a Russian steamer, commanded by another Paul Jones and under a false flag, from entering the Clyde and firing the docks?” The attention of the Admiralty is called to the subject. Funds have been placed at the command of the Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners in this country, sufficient to fit out and pay the whole expense of transport of three hundred women from the Shetland Islands to Van Diemen’s Land; and the Colonial Government offers ad- ditional funds if more people can be obtained. It is worthy of remark that there are no cases for trial in the High Court of Justiciary during the Winter recess. The Sheriff of Mid Lothian has decided that elder brothers are bound to sup- port their younger brothers and sisters who are unable to support themselves. The same decision also bore that children are legally bound to support their parents.—North British Daily Mail. Elizabeth Paterson, domestic servant at the farm of Highgate, near Beith» has been the victim of a murderous assault. She was missed at night; a search was made, and she was found lying in a cottage connected with a threshing-mill, stretched on the floor, with herskull smashed in—alive, but insensible. The unknown assassin had struck her with an iron bar, then quitted the house, locked the door after him, and thrown away the key, which was found hard by. A Mrs. Cunningham, of Girvan, has been shot dead through a window, as she was working at her loom. Her husband has been arrested on sus- picion. Part of an immense cotton-mill at Greenock has been burnt down : a wo- man employed at the place perished, though all hands had been ordered out of the mill as soon as the fire was discovered, Forvign aud Culanial, France.—The pressing question in the eg this week has been the supply of food. An Imperial deeree tion, under the guarantee of the city of Paris, and under the authority the Prefect of the Seine, of a bank for the use of the bakers of Paris. is to be charged to pay for them the amount of their purchases of corn and flour, and to that effect a credit will be opened to each baker on the deposit of proper securities. Every baker is bound to send to the bank, within three days after each purchase, a declaration of the corn or flour purchased by him ; and these declarations will serve as elements to make out the official prices for the month. The bank is authorized to advance to the bakers the amount of the deficiency which may exist between the price of bread as fixed by the Municipal Council and the price resulting from the official returns of corn and flour for the month. In order to receive back such advances, the bank, when abundance shall have returned, is to take as a compensation an additional price which the bakers are to be authorized to impose upon each loaf. If advisable, the operations of the bank are to be extended to the bakers in the other communes of the Seine. The bakers’ bank can, with the authorization of the Municipal Council, borrow the funds necessary for the service with which it is charged, and the expense of its administration is to be borne by the city of Paris. In an article commenting on this decree, the Montteur, while applauding the measures taken by the Municipality of Paris, distinctly hints that the best mode of alleviating suffering and preventing distress, is to increase the resources of employment. The quantity of corn im- ported into France during the last five months, 5,200,000 hectolitres, is double that entered in the last five months of 1846, The Moniteur of Thursday published a decree abolishing the restric- tions imposed by the rescript of the 8th of February 1826, on raw cotton imported into France from Great Britain and the British possessions in Europe. According to the said rescript the produce of Asia, Africa, and America, sent from England and her European possessions into French ports was to be admitted for reéxportation only. A commission has been appointed to superintend the universal exposi- tion of the products of agriculture, of industry, and of the fine arts, to open in Paris on the Ist of May 1855. The President is Prince 5 leon ; the number of members thirty-seven, among whom are MM. Ba- roche, Blanqui, Delacroix, Charles Dupin, Dumas, Dollfus, Ingrés, Michel Chevalier, Count de Morny, Sallandrouze, Duke de Mouchy, and Visconti. The commission is divided into two sections—one of in- dustry, the other of the fine arts. A special degree appoints Lord Cowley a member of the commission. The Emperor of the French had conferred the Grand Cordon of the Le- gion of Honour on Count de San Luis, and that of Grand Officer of the same order on M. Calderon de la Barea, on the occasion of the conclu- sion of the literary treaty with France. The Queen of Spain, on her side, had sent the Grand Cross of Charles III, to the Ministers of Foreign Affairs and of the Interior of France. General Léflo, late questor of the Legislative Assembly, and at present a refugee in Jersey, has received a retiring pension of 4000 francs. Sprarn.—The recent duels at Madrid have attracted a good deal of no- tice and much speculation, both on account of the principals and seconds, and the conflicting accounts which have been published. The most cir- | | |

Page 6

1250 THE SPECTATOR. (Saturday, cumstantial story is one given by the Messager de Bayonne, derived from parties “who write on facts in which they played a part.” According to that journal, the Duke of Alba, at a ball given by M. de Turgot, on the 15th November, made some remark on the eccentric dress of Mrs. Soulé, the wife of the American Minister. [The remark is said to have been There goes Mary of Burgundy ”—or “ Margaret of Burgundy,” for the reports vary as to which.] Overhearing this, Mr. Soulé junior sent, next day, Mr, Perry, Secretary of the American Legation, ‘and Colonel Milans de Bosch, with a letter to the Duke of Alba. The Duke threw the letter unopened on his desk, and assured the gentlemen that what had passed at the ball was only a joke, exchanged in private conversation, which could only apply to Mrs. Soulé’s dressmaker: he also, it is stated, wrote a kind letter to Mr. Soulé junior. But next day he read the letter brought by the seconds, and found it so insolent that he felt bound to take ae it. _ — or o> seeseated as disavowing the offensive ons, and asking to be allowed to keep a copy of the letter ad- dressed to him by the Duke of Alba, giving is weal A to use it. This request was granted. But some account of the affair, “ caricaturing the Duke of Alba,” says the Bayoune journal, was published in the English Ropers ; and, irritated by these attacks, the Duke of Alba sent Don José le la Concha to Mr, Soulé junior to demand satisfaction. Satisfaction was accorded, and small swords were chosen. lay of forty-eight hours: it was granted. kept the Duke waiting for him; Mr. Soulé asked for a de- On the day fixed for the duel, © kept. L ; fo and when he arrived, brought with him six carriages full of his countrymen who live at Madrid”; which made the duel a cock-fight.” “ The two adversaries take their ground ; the swords are crossed; Mr. Soulé, fils, breaks continually; he several times demands truces; which are granted to him. But at length the seconds declare that the duel must terminate, and that they will only grant five minutes more to arrive at the dénouement. By that time, Mr. Soulé, fils, was slightly wounded; and promised on his word of honour to contradict the facts given by the English press, by inserting a letter in re ye PA ge sey a He also bound himself to burn the e e€ 0 a Ti i fore wi a Fi et a 9 apo hy ad written to him, before witnesses, Thus Mr. Alfred Mercier, brother of Mrs. Soulé, gives a different account of the affair, in correcting the Siéc/e. He says that the meeting took place on the 14th December ; “and, after a contest of half an hour without re- sult, the seconds interfered, and declared that honour was satisfied. The combat then ceased, and the adversaries shook hands.” A letter, signed by ail the seconds, and addressed to the editor of the Morning Chronicle, supports the account of Mr. Mercier. They say that no personal insults or offensive words were exchanged between Mr. Soulé and the Duke of Alba; and that ample explanations were given of the ball-room affair. The duel was the result of subsequent incidents; and they distinctly assert that the rencontre passed ‘in the most chivalric fashion,” and terminated in a frank and loyal rapprochement, equally honourable to both combatants. : But here the story does not end. On the morning of the 14th De- cember, Mr. Soulé senior sent a cartel to M. de Turgot, as the real source of the quarrel, as it was at a ball in his house where the offensive | words were spoken. M. Turgot declared on his honour that he did not | use the words imputed te him; but refused to give satisfaction. The eet however, met on the 18th instant. Lord Howden and General | genre the-erconds for M. de Turgot; General Valdes and M. de of the ae Publico, seconds for Mr. Soulé. The weapons | were pistols. Seulé shot his antagonist in the thigh. M. de | ‘Tungot is still from the wound. : | it ds that a third duel would arise out of this ridiculous affair—between Mr, Perry and the French Consul at Santander. Turxey.—The latest accounts from Constantinople extend to the 19th instant. On the preceding day, a Divan, originally fixed for the 20th, was held to discuss the collective note of the Four Powers. After a full discussion, it was resolved to accept the note and renew negotiations, sub- ject to certain conditions. The Porte will agree to a conference, and name a plenipotentiary, to meet the representatives of the Four Powers ‘and Russia, provided that Vienna be not the neutral city fixed on for the conference. The Porte considers all treaties existing between it and Russia before the war at an end, and declines to renew them ; and it in- sists that the evacuation of the Principalities, guaranteed by the Four Powers, shall be a sine qua non immediately on the conclusion of the treaty. Such is the most authentic statement of this important intelli- nce. Doubts have been east on the sincerity of Austrian policy, through an ar- ticle in a semi-official journal at Vienna. The om laments the interpre- tation put upon the collective note in other places, and insists that “ the maintenance of the old treaties between Russia and the Sublime Porte, especially those of Kainardji and Adrianople, has been adopted by the Four Powers as the main condition or basis of the future instrument of e.” The journal denies that Austria has assumed a threatening | position towards Russia by signing the collective note, but avers that | : ghe continues on the footing of friendship with the Emperor of Russia. It is stated that the French and English Admirals have now been in- | structed to enter the Black Sea, not only to prevent the Russians from | disembarking troops on the coast of the Black Sea, but also that it shall be signified to the Russian Admiral, through the medium of an envoy with a flag of truce, who will be sent to Sebastopol, that he is interdicted from putting to sea, Another report says that the Admirals are not to allow any ships of war, whether Russian or Turkish, to navigate that sea ; and they are directed to send back all Russian ships into Sebastopol, and | all Turkish ships into the ports on the South side of the Euxine; and, in case of a refusal on the part of either, in case of necessity to use force. The Black Sea is to be declared “ une mer neutre” during the continu- | ance of the war. The combined fleets still remained at Beicos—they had not entered the Black Sea. The two vessels sent to Sinope had returned. They had been of great assistance to the wounded, of whom they brought to Con- stantinople upwards of two hundred. In the battle of Sinope the Turks lost 3000 men, The Turkish portion of the town was burnt; the Greek rtion spared. The accounts of last week are fully confirmed. The ‘urks fought with the most resolute bravery, and preferred to blow up their ships rather than surrender. An English brig, in the harbour at the time, with her ensign flying, was fired into by the Russians ; and, being | fouled by a drifting Turkish ship, was burned. Admiral Nachimoff ad- | dressed a letter to the Austrian Consul at Sinope, stating that he was in- structed solely to act against the Turkish ships of war, which had been attempting to raise the populations on the Black Sea under Russian con- trol, and that he had “ no hostile intention either against the town or the port of Sinope”! The Turkish communications having been cut off by this disaster, we have no military news from the further East. The Russians publish a circumstantial account of the victory gained by Beboutoff; but the reader calls to mind the Russian claim to the victory at Oltenitza. All accounts from Constantinople confirm the report that Persia has broken alike with Turkey and England, declaring war against the former. It is even stated that General Yermeloff will command the Persians, The name of Count Simonich, long Ambassador of Russia at Teheran, is men- tioned as the real director of Persian politics. It was by his means that the difference was created between the British Minister and the Persian Government, although to the last the Russian Minister professed the greatest friendship for the Government of Great Britain. The Czas, a Polish journal, noting the vast preparations for war made by Russia in Asia, says— _ ‘Russia has prepared a great expedition, the pretext of which is to chas- tise the Khan of Khiva, but which is only a mask for vast projects. For fif- teen years Russia has been working towards the possession of Mongolia and of the Kingisen: she has organized their hordes by providing them with officers, arms, and money; and at this present moment an army of 200,000 horsemen, consisting of the Tartar a | Mongolian tribes of Central Asia, well armed, hardened to fatigue, and accustomed to traverse the greatest distances, has taken the field under the orders of Russia. At the same time, Russia is doing all she can to excite the Persians and the Affghans to a war against England, and to join their armies to the Tartar hordes she is urging towards India. If she succeeds—if the independent and hostile tribes to England beyond the Ganges are gained over—it is doubtful whether ae land will be able to maintain her dominion in the EastAndies. —Incaleulab changes may, therefore, be expected in India as well as in Central Asia. Perhaps the days of Gengis Khan may be renewed, and India once more be- come the prey of the Tartars.”’ From the seat of war on the Danube we have no news, although we have some information. The only novelty announced is questionable : namely, that “the Russian steamer Pruth has fired red-hot shot into two Turkish villages and set them on fire.” The information relates to Kala- fat; the works of which are described by the 7imes correspondent there as amazing in their extent and strength. “These works bear no resemblance to the inartificial Turkish intrench- ments such as one has frequently seen elsewhere. All are constructed on the most modern principles of engineering science; their wide extent, and the extraordinary aetivity displayed in so short a time, have struck me with astonishment. I believe that since Torres Vedras, no lines of so striking a character have risen, as if by magic in execution, but clearly showing no hurry in plan or selection. This revolt of the Turks against their own ha- bitually sluggish nature, this union of a burst of Asiatic energy with the seience of Europe, compels my mind frequently to recur to the similar phe- nomena of the Hungarian war. I certainly do not think that it would be safe for Russia to pay a visit to Kalafat with less than 50,000 men. * * * * The scientific General at Kalafat is Ahmed Pacha: the fighting General is Ismael Pacha, a man of the most determined bravery and great natural sagacity in military matters, having made successively the campaigns of 1828-’9, those of Mehemet Ali in Syria from Neaib to Acre, of Kurdistan, of the revolts in Albania and Bosnia, and lastly of Montenegro. He looks every inch a soldier; nor must we forget to mention, in concluding our Dv- tice on Kalafat, the valuable assistance which the army there has received from the order and fertility of resource Sami Pacha pee of Widin] has shown in bringing up and getting over the materials requisite for these im- portant works.” The latest accounts state that the Russians were, apparently, about to test the strength of these works: but it is doubtful. In the Black Sea there had been terrible tempests. Up to the 15th eighty merchant-ships had been lost. Denmark AND Swepen.—Reports have been current, this week, that an alliance offensive and defensive has been concluded between these Northern Courts; and that preparations are going on to strengthen the defences of Denmark. From Stockhelm comes a report that a courier re- cently arrived from St. Petersburg with a letter from the Emperor Nicholas, “commanding” the King of Sweden to close his ports against France and England. Another version of the story was, that the Russian emis- sary was instructed to persuade the Government of Sweden to adopt the desired measures, It was added, that although the nation, to a man, is hostile to Russia, King Oscar looks upon her with favour. This assertion is vehemently denied on the faith of letters from Stockholm: the King and the nation are equally hostile to Russia. Prussia.—General Joseph von Radowitz died on Christmas Day, after a lingering illness, but without pain. Joseph von Radowitz was born on the 6th February 1797, at Blandenberg, in the Harz Mountains, His mother was a Protestant, his father a Roman Catholic. Up to his fourteenth year, the mother was allowed to educate her son in her own faith ; but at that time his father sent him to a Roman Catholic school, Entering the army at an early age in the service of Jerome King of West- phalia, the young Radowitz commanded a battery at Leipsic; was wounded in the battle, and taken prisoner. On the return of the Elector of Hesse Cassel to his dominions, Radowitz entered his service, and made the ensuing campaign against France with the Hessian artillery. He re- mained in the service of Hesse until 1821, when, taking the part of the ill-used wife of the Elector, who was sister of the King of Prussia, Ra- dowitz was disgraced ; and quitting Cassel, he went to Berlin, carrying a letter of recommendation from the King’s sister. He speedily was ap- pointed tutor to Prince Albrecht. Here an acquaintance made with the Crown Prince, now King of Prussia, rapidly ripened into a friendship, although Radowitz was a Roman Catholic and the Prince a Protestant. In 1828 Radowitz married the Countess Maria Voss, the daughter of the Ambassador, From 1831 to the year 1848, Radowitz was engaged in literature, and in endeavouring to effect reforms in Prussia and in the Bund. In 1847, at the King’s request, he drew up a memorial for the reconstruction of the Bund. In the March of 1848 he was at Vienna engaged in impressing his views on Prince Metternich, when the revolution broke out, and all hopes of gradual reform were dashed for a time. In the Frankfort Parliament, Radowitz sat for Arnsberg in Westphalia, and voted with the Right. Meissner the poet has de- scribed him as sitting in the Church of St. Paul, “a dark, severg-looking man, never speaking to his neighbour, but brooding over in hand until the division, when his powerful voice would bg) : ‘ Sitzenblieben’ or ‘ Aufstehen,’ according as he wished his party ® yote.”’ a]

Page 7

December 31, 1853.] THE SPECTATOR. 1251 Radowitz desired to see German unity brought about by-a voluntary ar- rangement between governments and peoples. When the Frankfort Par- liament disappeared, he returned to Berlin; and the King, at his sugges- tion, called the abortive assembly known as the Erfurt Parliament. Austria opposed this scheme. In 1850 Radowitz was called to office, to carry out his views. At this crisis the dispute between the Elector of and his subjects occurred. Austria intervened in Hesse. Ra- dowitz mobilized the army ; the Landwehr was called out; the military roads were occupied; the two armies came face to face, and even ex- changed shots. But at this juncture the King of Prussia gave way, and — resigned, From that time he took no ostensible part in po- itics. Huncary.—It would seem that the despotism of Austria has not taken root in Hungary. The Vienna correspondent of the Times shows that the system of taxation, for instance, is not adapted to the circumstances of the people. “Let us take the land-tax for example. An acre of land in Austria Proper may be worth 70/. or 80/.; but, although the same quantity of land rarely fetches more than 8/. in Hungary, the tax levied is as heavy in one province as in the other. The Hungarian landed proprietor reasons thus—‘ As long as the means of communication are so imperfect, there is no chance of our being able to discharge our obligations to the state. If we grow corn, we have no means of sending it to market; and if we fell our timber, it must rot where it falls.’ A person of rank, who possesses vast forests in Hungary, has assured me that it is impossible to make both ends meet. As the assertion excited some slight symptoms of incredulity, the following expla- nation was given—‘ The tax is levied on the soil, and not on what it pro- duces. The superficies of an estate is taken, and no regard is had to its capabilities. Now, I possess some square miles of ground, covered with splendid timber, for which the tax must be paid, although I cannot sell a single tree. If Government would accept payment in kind, or issue the promised bonds of indemnification, we might manage to keep our heads above water; but as it is, we are daily getting more and more into the clutches of the usurers.’ As to the peasant nobles or gentry who cultivate their own little bit of land, they are either already ruined or in a fair way to be so. The peasants, who it might reasonably be supposed would be grateful to Government for their emancipation, grumble as much as their betters. Another evil is that the new institutions require such a host of employés that the net revenue is far less than it might be if the thing were better managed. The ey swarms with employés who are in general discontented, because, | t being for the most part Bohemians and Germans, they cannot converse with the majority of the persons with whom they are brought in contact. An estate, the juridical and political business of which was in olden times ma- by two persons, has now thirteen employés, Of course, the excise- man, supervisor, &c., are included.” Iraty.—M. Boncompagri, the Ministerial candidate, was on Monday elected President of the Piedmontese Chamber of Deputies, by a majority of 74 to 20, This result was expected. Disturbances, arising out of the scarcity, took place at Barga, in Pied- mont, on the 19th. For some time the rioters, demanding maize at a cheap rate, held possession of the market-place. At the time only a few carbineers were on the spot; but prompt reinforcements arrived from Saluzzo, and on their approach the rioters fled. Forty were seized. Portucat.—The Portuguese Cortes was opened on the 19th December, , by the King Regent in person. In his —_ the Regent alluded to the heavy blow inflicted on his heart by the loss of his virtuous Queen ; and declared his determination to adhere religiously to the sacred oath he had taken to the Constitutional Charter. e stated, that during the short time that would elapse before his son attained his majority, he sympathized with them, and it was hoped the Association would be kept up while there was any good to be done. The report read to the meéet~ ing mainly recounts what has been done in the past year: the presenta- tion of the Bombay petition in both Houses; the debates on the India Bill; the Bill itself, which undergoes some criticism; and the opera- tions of the Association in England with the, view of enlight- ening public opinion. Warm thanks are given to the press both British and Indian, and the Times is especially thanked for its support. The Association is congratulated on the success of its efforts hitherto in dispelling the apathy of the British public, securing able supporters in Parliament, and in obtaining certain reforms in the India Act, especially the absence of a limit to its duration. The finances of the Association are flourishing : it has a balance of upwards of 17,000 rupees in hand. Dr. Bhawoo Dajee exhorted the meeting, in English, to persevere and ob- tain the admission of Natives to public employments. The report was received and ordered to be printed; and the thanks of the Association were voted to the chairman. Unrrep Stares.—The Europa arrived at Liverpool on Monday, bring- | ing intelligence from New York to the 14th instant. It seems that a band of “ Flibusteros” have set up a republic in Lower California. On the 17th October, “the first Independence battalion,” consisting of forty-five men, sailed from San Francisco under “ Colonel | Walker,” captured the city of La Paz, took down the Mexican flag, | seized the Governor, and hoisted a flag bearing red stripes and two stars— Lower California and Sonora. Colonel Walker was proclaimed “ Pre- sident of the Republic of Lower California.” From La Paz they deter- mined to go to St. Lucas. They had embarked when a Mexican vessel entered, bringing Colonel Rebollero, a new Governor; and the Flibus- teros resolved to seize him also. They sent a party on shore; the citi- zens resisted by force; but, after a sharp battle, the Mexicans were de- feated, losing ‘ six or seven killed and wounded.” A regular Govern- ment, composed of a President, Secretary of State, Secretary at War, and Secretary of the Navy, has been organized. ‘The civil code and prac- tice of Louisiana,” says the proclamation of the Flibusteros, ** has been adopted for the rule of decision in our courts, and as the civil law of the land.” Sonora, the the next object of the expedition, was but weakly gar- risoned. Emigrant-ships crossing the Atlantic from Liverpool to New York, during the month of November, suffered severely from some malignant disease, supposed to be cholera. All the ships did not suffer alike: some, | indeed, escaped altogether; but in twenty-eight vessels, carrying 13,762 emigrants, 1141 died. | Chr Public Wealth. | | The General Board of Health have published a statement on the cho- lera. Although there has been a general subsidence of the disease, and | in England it has nowhere recently assumed an epidemic character, yet “ there has been no day in which cases of disease have not occurred in different parts of the country.” But the cold and frost have at present | checked its progress, | _ The only exception, perhaps, to this general statement, is the case of Redruth in Cornwall. There, a very severe outbreak has recently oc- curred; and there the disease is still prevailing, “ chiefly in the same streets and houses it ravaged in 1849.” “ Out of a population of about 11,000, there have occurred from September | would exert himself to make the Prince worthy of his ancestor, and to | 28th to December 23d, from cholera, 41 deaths; from scarlet fever, measles, deliver the kingdom to him in the enjoyment of perfect peace and in the possession of its precious liberties. Inpta.—The fuller despatches by the overland mail add little to the brief sentences of the telegraph. most important i ion is | from Peshawur, now under Major Edwardes; whence, on the 9th No- | vember, a force marched to occupy the Kohat Pass, and build a fort | there, with the object of overawing the Afredees. The force was under | the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Cotton. It is stated in the Indian newspapers, that the Shah of Persia has marched from Teheram with 30,000 men, 1000 pieces of cannon, and 3000 camels loaded with ammunition, and that they were last seen passing | and hooping cough, within the quarter, 47 deaths; and from other diseases, 52 deaths ; making a total of 140 deaths, being in the proportion of 52 in 1000, In one dirty court, containing 53 inhabitants, there have been 21 at- tacks of cholera and diarrhwa. So filthy were certain parts of the comm, one so thoroughly did they present the appearance now so weli known to be favourable to the development of cholera, that one of the medical prac- titioners pointed out as in imminent danger three or four of the localities that have been the most severely visited during the present epidemic, three weeks or more before the outbreak took place. Unfortunately, as in the majority of other places, little was done to ameliorate their condition till the disease actually broke out.”’ Some extracts from the report of Dr. Waller Lewis, Health Inspector, Tabreez ; that the Shah had sent an envoy to Dost Mahomed; and that | sufficiently account for the disease and deaths. Here is one: the place the’ Russian army, having captured Ahmetzee, was marching on Khiva. *Ftom Bombay we learn that Lord Falkland was expected to depart for is ealled Back Lane: the narrator is an clder daughter— “sMy father, Henry Mitchell, a miner, lost his lite three months since, by Europe'in January. “Khutput” (illicit practices) had been the subject of an investigation in the Bombay Secretariat. It is stated that a set of | documents on the subject were drawn up and recently forwarded to Lord Falkland, then at Mahabuleshwar ; but that by some means the agents of the Baroda people, presumed to be guilty of “ khutput,’”’ actually bribed the Post-oftice people and possessed themselves of the documents, between | the post-office and the steamer. A servant has confessed that he was | offered a bribe to give up the packets. The Friend of India draws attention to the fact that the deliberate | murder of female infants has been found to prevail extensively in the | Punjaub; and states that the Government has taken measures to suppress | it. The people are to be distinctly informed that infanticide is a crime ; a census, distinguishing male and female children, isto be drawn up; and a great meeting of the chiefs of the criminal districts was to be held, un- | der the presidency of the Chief Commissioner of the Punjaub, to obtain from them, if possible, a declaration against the practice. The Governor- | General takes a deep interest in the matter. It appears that the destruc- tion of female infants is general among the Rajpoots, common tothe Mus- sulmans and the Bedees. In hundreds of families of the Punjaub, no | daughter seems to have been born for generations: they have all been | destroyed. The reason for this is, that pride of race and public opinion | compel a Rajpoot who marrics his daughter to give her an extravagant | dower ; and thus acontest arises between the wealth of the parent and his natural affections, which ends in the victory of the former. The | Bedees are a priestly caste who tolerate none but male offspring. The Bombay Times of the 13th November reports the first annual meeting of the Native Association of Bombay; which*event took place on the 9th, and was attended by nearly all the Natives on the island. Jug- res: Sunkersett presided, and succinctly stated the object of the ga- | ering, in the Guzerattee language. The Association had been formed on the 26th August 1852; it now made its first annual report. Its pro- ceedings had cleared their ideas; and for the future they would be able to act with much better effect. The great mass of their countrymen had an t under-ground. My mother took ill of cholera one morning last week, apd died the same night; she had had a bowel complaint three or four days before. One of my sisters was very ill with the eer ag but re- covered; my brother died of measles a fortnight ago; another brother is just getting over the measles. There are seven of us sleep in the bedroom.’ There is a little arden at the back of this cottage, with no means of enter- ing it, however, but by a little window 2 feet by 16 inches; this reaches to the ceiling, and is 4 feet at the bottom from the floor, having no privy or convenience of any kind: when they want to go out, the elder girls mount upon the table, by means of which they make their exit through the win- dow into the garden. They also pass the children through in the same manner. Through the same aperture is thrown all the filth of the house. This house, as is the case almost without exception throughout the town, has neither flooring nor paving to the living-room: it is formed from the damp soil itself, sometimes covered with lime ashes. I have not seen proper flooring to the living-room of any house I have inspected: this is a lament- able deficiency, and greatly predisposes to disease characterized by low vital | powers.” It is now reported that more than 100 cases of cholera have occurred in Liverpool since the beginning of October, and that not more than 12 have recovered. ‘The state of the houses occupied by the lower classes is described as filthy in the extreme. There is an almost total absence of the commonest conveniences. In Scotland, the disease is described as having been “ steadily persist- ent”; epidemic in several places. At Glasgow, a decided outbreak has taken place: 17 deaths are recorded from the 17th to the 25th; 10 deaths on the 26th; 14 deaths on the 27th. Dr. Gavin is codperating with the authorities in organizing preventive measures. ‘“ Since the commencement of the epidemic there have occurred, in Dundee, 315 deaths; in Liff and Benvie, 20 deaths; in Leith, 9; in Kilbernie, 15 deaths, and 100 attacks of diarrhmwa; in Dalry, 14 attacks of cholera and 9 deaths; in Arbroath, 20 deaths; in Beith, 7 ; in Kilwinning, 60 cases of choleraic disease, 13 cases of developed cholera, and 10 deaths.” “It is remarkable,” continues the report, “that in Scotland the

Page 8

1252 THE SPECTATOR. (Saturday, disease has proceeded unchecked by the cold of winter. In 1848 the pestilence was at its height in Glasgow on the first day of the year 1849, while the ground was covered with snow and a severe frost prevailed ; and at the same time it raged with great violence at Coatbridge and several other towns.” The London mortality-tables of the Registrar-General again exhibit a considerable increase in the number of deaths (1399) over the calculated average (1236). But the cholera becomes less fatal every week. Last week there were only ten deaths; of these, 7 occurred in the East and 3 in the South district. The excess of mortality from other causes is attributed to the severity of the weather. Pisce llanvans. Lord Palmerston’s resignation was not definitively accepted by the Queen ; and after a week’s consideration, it was announced by the Zimes, on Monday last, that Lord Palmerston would “retain” his office as Home Secretary. “ Explanations,” said that journal, “ honourable alike to all the parties concerned in this transaction, have been exchanged ; and, as the difficulties which had arisen between Lord Palmerston and his colleagues were limited, as we have already stated on a former occasion, to the question of Parlia- mentary Reform as dealt with by Lord John Russell, it has been found pos- sible, without any sacrifice of principle, to place the Government again on a united, and we hope a permanent basis. To be candid, there had been too much precipitation on all sides in this matter. Lord Palmerston expressed his intention to resign as if some vital principle of the constitution were in dispute, and the provisions of the new Reform Bill were irrevocably settled ; neither of which suppositions was true. This difference of opinion was thought to be more serious and more fatal to the union of the Cabinet than it has since proved to be by those members of the Government who alone were in full ion of the case. ‘* But no Cabinet Councils were sitting at the time; and the step appears to have been taken without a distinct communication on a question of such extreme importance to all the Ministers of the Crown, several of whom were not in London. Upon a fuller consideration of the whole subject, and an explanation of the condition in which the projected measure of Reform now stands, it was found that no imperious dictates of conscience and of duty, by which alone such a step could be justified, did, in this instance, require so great a sacrifice. The zealous mediation of the Duke of Newcastle, the saga- cious and patriotic advice of the Marquis of Lansdowne, and, we must add, the excellent temper and public spirit shown by the Ministers most nearly engaged in this discussion, have led to this satisfactory result; and it would have been utterly unworthy of the high position and motives of these states- men if they had hesitated for a moment to retrace a step taken under some misconception of the cause to which it was alone attributable... .. “We readily believe—and for the honour of this country and of its states- men we dare assert—that throughout this transaction both Lord Palmerston and the colleagues with whom he is again united have been actuated by higher motives of public duty. So far is it from the truth that Lord Pal- merston resigned on the Foreign policy of the Cabinet, that we cannot doubt the position of our Foreign relations at this moment is the cause of all others which chains him to the helm. He is a great master of diplomatic subjects ; he brings to them an extraordinary amount of political experience, combined with great fertility of resources and natural energy. He contributes to the service of the Crown not only the advice he may tender in the Cabinet, but his eloquence and popularity in Parliament, and the confidence he has ob- tained from the nation. e may say of him, as Sir Robert Peel observed in a memorable debate, with the courtesy due to a great antagonist, that we are proud of him even while we oppose his.policy. But are these forces, are these powers, are these energies to be turned against the service of her Ma- jesty’s Government when they are most needed and most useful? Is this empire, at the moment when it is about to stake its honour and its power on the hazards of war, and reluctantly to take up arms for the first time these forty years _ one of the greatest states in Rorep, to exhibit to man- kind the weak and pitiable spectacle of a commonwealth divided and weak- ened at its very heart? . . . . Lord Palmerston’s return to office is not the triumph of one section of the Cabinet over another, nor has it been pur- ch by concessions or arrangements which ean produce any alteration in the course of public policy; but it is the triumph of union and public spirit over a partial dissension, and it gives a fresh security for the duration of a Government which is identified with the best interests of the country.” The Queen has been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, constituting and appointing Joseph Burnley Hume, Esq., Barrister-at-law, John Simon, .Esq., and John Frederick Bateman, Esq., to be her Majesty’s Commissioners for inquiring into the causes which have led to and have aggravated the late outbreak of cholera at Neweastle-upon-Tyne, Gateshead, and Tynemouth.—London Gazette, December 27. We have reason to believe that Dr. Bowring will succeed Sir George Bonham as Governor of Hongkong and Chief Superintendent of British Trade in China.— Globe. It is rumoured that a new fleet is about to be formed, intended for service in the Baltic, to be commanded by Sir Charles Napier. Another rumour says that the Emperor of Russia has ordered a screw fleet to be constructed, the number of which is variously stated at fifteen ships and at thirty ships. The Agamemnon arrived at Malta on the 16th instant, and proceeded on the 19th, for the fleet in the Bosphorus. The Sidon, 22, paddle-frigate, was ordered on Monday to leaye Spit- head for the Mediterranean with all possible despatch. Last Tuesday week, Sir James Graham met a committee, including Sir Baldwin Walker and Captain Denman, at Portsmouth, to decide on the construction, power, and dimensions of the Queen's new steam-yacht. They decided on the following dimensions and capabilities— Length of keel, 300 feet ; length on deck, 315 feet; beam, 40 feet; depth of hold, 22 feet; diameter of paddle-wheel, 30 foot 6 inches; stroke of pis- ton, 7 feet; diameter of cylinder, 84 inches; tonnage, 2340. The revolu- tions of the engines have been estimated at from 25 to 28; which will yield, it is calculated, os of from 15 to 16 knots per hour. The engines are to be manufactur by Penn, upon the oscillating principle, but which to obtain the speed calculated upon must be worked upon high-pressure gauge. The Fellows of Brazenose have elected the Reverend Edward Hartopp Cradock, Canon of Worcester, to be Principal of that College, in the room of the late Dr. Harington. Mr. Cradock was elected a Fellow of Brazenose a _— In 1844 he married Miss Lister, sister-in-law to Lord John usse Dr. William Hodge Mill, Regius Professor of Hebrew in the University of Cambridge, Canon of Ely, and Rector of Brasted, died at Ely on Christmas Day. Dr. Mill eame to London on Monday week, to attend a meeting of the Foreign Translation Committee of the Society for the Diffusion of Christian Knowledge ; and it is supposed that “ the extreme. | cold of the day brought on an obstruction, which no medical skill could counteract,” and, lingering until Sunday, he died “without pain.” Dr, Mill had been a Fellow of Trinity College; in 1820, he went out as first Principal of Bishop’s College, Calcutta; returning in 1838, he received the appointment of examining chaplain to Archbishop Howley, and sub- sequently the living and professorship above mentioned. Dr. Mill was an influential and respected member of the Church. The well-known Inspector-General of Army Hospitals, Dr. James Gillkrest, died on Christmas Day. He entered the medical department of the Army in 1801, serving in the West Indies. Throughout the Pe- ninsular War he was with the famous Light Division ; and for his services he received a medal with twelve clasps. Dr, Gillkrest has been equally well known in civil labours; having served against the cholera with in- defatigable zeal both at London and Gibraltar, in 1832-’33-’34. He was the author of many valuable papers on cholera; and a work on yel- low fever, presented to the French Academy of Medicine, of which body he was a member. Dr. Grottefend, a learned Orientalist and philologist, died at Hanover on the 19th instant. Dr. Grottefend was well-known in English literary society. Izzet Pacha, the brave and determined Governor of the fortress of Bel- grade, died on the 12th December, the anniversary of the so-called inde- pendence of Servia. Lord Elphinstone arrived at Cairo on the 5th December, after a stormy passage. He visited Abbas Pacha the next day; and on the 7th Ihami Pacha, Minister at War, and eldest son of the Viceroy, returned his visit. Lord Elphinstone visited the Pyramids. The Duke and Duchess de Montpensier arrived at Madrid on the 21st instant. General Prim is on his way from Constantinople to Madrid. The marriage of Prince Napoleon with the Princess Pauline ee Mary of Baden is said to_be definitively arranged, by the Grand D Stephanie. The Emperor of the French has ordered Messrs, Orsi and Armani, merchants in London, to pay 700 francs into the funds of the Dread- nought, hospital ship, moored off Greenwich. It is stated that Louis Napoleon subscribes to many of our charities. The Jesuits were ordered on the 18th December to quit Freiberg within a week from that date. The Government disr their certi- ficates asserting that they have taken no part in the pending dispute. The Board of Trade Department of Science and Art has issued a circu- lar to the masters of schools throughout the country on the subject of elementary drawing, with the view of obtaining evidence as to the best modes now praciised of affording such instruction. The circular points out that the Department views the acquirement of the power of draw- ing, “much less as related to fine art or for the encouragement of artists, decorative or otherwise, than as promoting accurate observation by the eye, a habit of seeing correctly, and a rapid means of explanation where writing fails, useful in every relation of life.” Examples are wanted ; and to this end the circular requests masters to furnish specimens, for which they are prepared to pay five shillings for every example selected for publication. The masters are also requested to state the processes by which they teach, with the view of determining on the best. Inquiry having been made of the Poor-law Board, whether cheeks drawn by Guardians of the Poor upon their treasurer were liable to a stamp under the new act, the Poor-law Board stated in reply, that Poor- law Unions are expressly exempt from the operation of the aet, other- wise the Guardians would have to give the ordinary stamp. A letter from Hongkong states that there was a mutiny on board the ship of Admiral Pellew on the 8th November. The men, who had not been at liberty for eighteen months, petitioned for leave to go on shore. Admiral Pellew replied by ordering the ship to prepare for sea imme- diately. When the drums beat to quarters, some of the men refused to come on deck. The officers were ordered to compel them at the point of the sword. Several men were wounded, There has been a controversy in the Times respecting the accuracy of a statement made by Lieutenant-General Sir William Napier, to the effect that Sir Walter Scott wrote a song for the Pitt Club while Fox was dying, ending “Tally-ho to the Fox.’’ Lord Holland, in Moore’s Diary, is made to deny the story asa “calumny.” Sir William Napier has this week written a letter stating that he made the assertion from his own recollections and the collateral authority of Mrs. Dugald Stewart, whose husband so resented the song that he broke off all intimacy with Sir Walter Scott. “Senex,” however, seems to set the matter at rest, in a subsequent communication to the Times, ‘The song in question, ’”’ he says, ‘‘ was written for the celebration of Lord Melville’s acquittal, and sung at a dinner given in Edinburgh for that purpose on the 27th of June 1806. Mr. Fox at that time was not known to be ill, nor did his death take place until the 13th of September of the same year. * * * * The words of the song to which Sir William alludes are these— “In Grenville and Spencer, And some few good men, Sir, Great talents we honour, slight difference forgive ; But the Brewer we'll hoax— Tally ho to the Fox ! And drink ‘ Melville for ever’ as long as we live.” [The song was sung by James Ballantyne, at the Melville dinner.] This week we had a taste of an oldfashioned winter—abiding snow and in- tense frosts at night, while the noon-day sun lighted up the ve without arn peg | softening its crisp crust. Skating wascommenced in the London Jarks at the earliest moment—indeed too soon, for the adventurous who got duckings could be reckoned by scores; but there was no loss of life. Yes- terday morning, after a fall of snow, a thaw set in, followed by some rain ; then snow, and a temperature varying with the sky.

Page 9

December 31, 1853.] THE SPECTATOR.

1253

The Ranger of Hyde Park has recently caused fresh notices to be affixe d to the various gates of the Park, in lieu of the former ones, on the subject of the use to which the carriazge-drives and rides are to be appropriated. The admission of hackney-carriages of all kinds is prohibited, and no laden c¢ arts or other vehicles of the kind are to be allowed to pass through the Park. No horses ridden by stablemen and others, for the purpose of exercise ouly, are to be admitted for that purpose.—Globe. Result of the Registrar-General’s return of mortality in the Metropolis for the week ending on Saturday last. Ten Weeks Week of 1843-52, of 1853 Tymotic Diseases. ........cscscccsccccvevecessccevseecsevevessees 2,308 cose 230 psy, Cancer, and other diseases of uncertain or variable seat., 454 ecoe 60 Tubercular Diseases .........-cesccccccccccsecsencccevcsecs see o 202 Diseases of the Brain, Spinal Marrow, Nerv: Diseases of the Heart and Blood-vessels Diseases of the Lungs, and of the other Organs of Respi e Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs of Digestion... 648

Diseases of the Kidneys, 80. ......cccecesccceceeceeeseceeeeseses 126 Childbirth, diseases o! the Uterus, &c...... eee soe §=—1388 ll Rheumatism, diseases of the Bones, Joints, 77 10 Diseases of the Skin, Cellular Tissue, &c.., ° 20 ee Malformations. ....+..sscccseseeeeeeves 33 4 Premature Birth .........seeeeeee eee ooo §=6(240 36 Atrophy.......+ ee lod 3. eeeee « 567 ON 8 Me ccoccessceses 221 21 Violence, Privation, Sal vl Total (including unspecified causes)......+-seseeeeeeeee 11,244 1,399 Among the Christmas visitors to the Duke of Richmond, at Goodwood, are the Prince and Princess Edward of Saxe Weimar. The funeral of the Countess of Eglinton took place on Friday sennight : in accordance with the deceased lady’s wishes, there was no display. Lord Palmerston left town for Broadlands on Tuesday, for the holidays. The Marquis of Londonderry has granted the Wesleyans of Newtownards a beautiful and valuable site fora new chapel in the town, at a nominal rent. On Thursday week, the day appointed for the sale of the confiscated estate of the Prince de Joinville at Riancy, no bidder appeared, and the sale was adjourned. The Count de Chambord has contributed 200 francs for the purchase of furniture for the establishment of Sisters of Charity at Mont, in the depart- ment of the Loire et Cher. Marshal de St. Arnaud, who has been lately engaged in ‘organizing the French army on a war footing, has been elevated to the rank of Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour. The Archbishop of Paris has granted a dispensation to all the inhabitants to eat meat on Fridays, “owing to the hardness and insalubrity of the times.” The oldest of the clergy of Rennes, and probably of France, M. Delaunay, curé of Romagne, near Fougéres, died lately, at the age of ninety-six. He had exercised his sacred profession seventy-one years. The Bey of Tunis, who has the reputation of being one of the four best vhess-players in the world, has challenged the Joutfroy Passage Club, at Paris, to a rubber game for 1000/. The first game has begun. It is said that Count Ernest Esterhazy is about to marry the daughter of the State Councillor Zengoborski, at St. Petersburg. Thore Petre, the well-known iron-founder of Sweden, died lately. He ‘Was, as a private gentleman, a merchant, and a member of Parliament, always the friend of freedom, toleration, and advancement. His wealth was unsparingly devoted to the support of literature. The Boston Daily Advertiser mentions a report that Mr. Soulé, American Minister at Madrid, has purchased a splendid estate near Castillon, his birth- place, in the French department of the Ariége. < A nephew of Robert Burns is a ‘Free Church minister at Dunedin in New ealand. The farm of Cassius M. Clay, the well-known American Abolitionist, who emancipated his slaves eight years ago, is now yielding him handsome returns, whereas it used to run him in debt. When Martin Kossta arrived at Washington, he had interviews with the President and some of the Cabinet. Sir George Gore, when journeying to Texas on a hunting excursion, was robbed of a draft for 5000 dollars and 300 dollars in gold and jewellery. The Russian Ambassador at Berlin, on the occasion of the Emperor's féte- day, gave a grand ball, at which he ostentatiously exhibited a telegraphic announcement of another victory in Asia. ‘“ The display of the despatch was intended to add to the lustre of the evening; it only contributed to the entertainment.”’ The Petersburg Court Gazette publishes a violent attack upon the French Government for allowing a play called Zhe Cossacks to be performed at Paris. During this month no fewer than 16,000 men have been conscribed in the “kingdom of Poland’’—8 in 1000 of the whole male population: they will be sent to the Caucasus. M. De Maupas, the French Ambassador at Naples, has been instructed to require the restitution of the Murat diamonds and carriages, and to ask rmiasion for the passage of a detachment of French troops through the Yeapolitan territory to Pontecorvo and Benevento. The Papal treasury is said to be in a very bad condition. The deficiency | of the present year amounts to 2,700,000 scudi, about a quarter of the Pope's net revenue. A fresh loan with Rothschild is talked of; but there are difficulties in the way. . Four young Egyptians have recently taken out their degree of doctor of physic at the University of Munich. By the literary convention concluded between France and Spain, it has | been agreed that the press of neither country shall publish the works of the | other. A stop has been put to the trade carried on between Paris and Ame- rica in Spanish books, and between Brussels and Madrid in French books. Mr. Bentley, the publisher, states that his experiment of publishing new | novels at a greatly reduced price per volume has not been sufliciently sup- ported to warrant its continuance. The Belgian Chamber of Representatives have adopted a Dill on patents, which fixes their duration at twenty years, Among the propositions recently laid before the Swedish Parliament, is one for the jntroduction of the decimal system into the coinage of that kingdom. The Paris bakers sell their bread at 40 centimes the kilogramme; the na- tural price according to the cost of wheat is 49 centimes: to make up the difference, Government had to pay to the bakers for the first fortnight of No- vember, no less than 671,000 francs.

The electric telegraph between Stockholm and Upsala is so much employed as to be paying. A line is about to be laid down to Helsinberg, to meet the Danish in Elsinore. ‘The success of experiments at Nancy has induced the French Minister of War to recommend that linen in ali military hospitals shall be washed by steam. The Emperor has issued a decree to carry out the experiment. A letter from Athens states that a German sculptor named Siogel has dis- covered the long-lost quarries of the red and green antique marbles ; the red antique on the Southern part of the chain of Taygete, and the green on the Northern side of the island of Tinos. Six million francs have been expended this year on the Louvre: the Em- o— wishes to lay out eight millions more in 1354, that he may astonish the Exhibition visitors of 1855. The Panama Star of 26th November states, that after the 20th of Decem- ber travellers would be able to make the trip “from ocean to ocean in one daylight.” The gold-miners in California are said to be making from four to ten dol- larsaday. On the 4th November an eleven-pound nugget of solid gold was taken from a claim at Minesota, A company has been formed for the building of a railroad between Sacra- mento and Nevada: a large portion of the stock has been taken, and little doubt is entertained that the work will be speedily completed. _A large bed of chromate of iron, the largest known in the world, has been discovered near Nevada. The value of property in San Francisco city is assessed for taxation at 30,000,000 dollars. _ In 1852, the population of New South Wales was 288,254; an apparent | increase of but 11,086 over the preceding year. But in the year some 20,000 | persons had emigrated to Victoria, The amount of land cultivated was 22,000 acres less than in 1851. The general revenue of New South Wales in 1852 was 376,084/, ; the territorial, 238,502/. A monster nugget of copper, weighing about a ton, has been dug out of the \ omnes mine, in Australia, The miners there earn about 5/. a week, The consumption of cigars in the Austrian states is said to have increased | from 28 millions in 1841 to 800 millions yearly at the present time. | The customs receipts in France for this year, up to the lst December, ex- ceeded by 2,201,023 francs those of the same period of last year.

Cholera has made its appearance at New York: during the week ending 14th December, nine deaths had taken place. At New Orleans there had | been 128 deaths from cholera in one week. The emigrant-vessels from this ; country to America have suffered greatly from the same epidemic. The Ma- | rathon, from Liverpool, had had 64 deaths on board; the Victoria, from London, 58 deaths. | Another great fire at New York! In this disaster the publishing-house | of Harper Brothers and fifteen other buildings were consumed, and the loss is estimated at upwards of a million dollars, Something very like a famine prevails in the Northern distriets ef the Madras Presidency, owing to the want of rain. Rice has risen more than a hundred per cent in Cuddapah. During the performance of the “ Dusah” at Cairo, on the 10th instant, the Sheik’s horse which walks over the prostrate Mosiems struck one on the head ; killing him, says the Zimes correspondent, though the devout denied it, as impossible. | By violent storms in the Black Sea, eighty grain vessels are said to have been lost, The price of wheat at Constantinople rose, in consequence, from 25 to 50 piastres. Captain Laporte, a French officer who shot in a quarrel Count de Neuilly, | whose wife he had seduced, has been acquitted by a court-martial. The public is indignant that he should have been tried by such a tribunal; and it is whispered that even the court-martial was influenced from “a high quarter.” | M. Vatel, formerly director of the Italian Opera at Paris, has brought an action for damages against the present director for his having caused | I Puritani to be performed without permission, and also to prevent him from performing that and certain other operas in future, The heirs of M. Birchey, a Parisian dentist, lately brought an action | against the Princess de Craon, as heiress of the late Countess du Cayla, famous for her beauty and wit, to recover 20,000 frances; the value of twelve sets of teeth, supplied to the Countess from 1841 to 1852. The Civil Tri- bunal dismissed the case, on the plea that the plaintiff had allowed more than a year to pass without making a claim. The Honourable Mr. Swift has been trying an experiment on the Liffey, at Dublin. By means of two air-tight tin floats, twenty feet long, joined together with iron bars, and a long double-bladed oar, worked wind-mill fashion, he made way through the water at the rate of five miles an hour, while standing erect on the floats. The scheme was pronounced to be suc- cessful. | Robert Walkinshaw, a miner belonging to Cowdenbeath in Scotland, has fabricated a coat without seam—buttons, button-holes, pockets, &c., all wrought with pins or wires—not a needle-stitch in it; and the fit is com- plete. There are about 200,000 loops in the coat. We are not informed | whether this garment is cither more useful or more ornamental than a com- mon coat. A journeyman printer, in Auburn, New York, states that he has in his possession a stone about half an inch in thickness, out of which another | stone of the same shape, about the size of a pea, has grown during the last | nine years. The New York Freeman’s Journal, in announcing the election of Mr. Peter Dawson, the Democratic Member to the Assembly for the Twelfth dis- trict, says—* We congratulate Mr, Dawson on his election, though we there- by lose a most reliable and excellent carrier of our paper.” John Mitchel, the Irish exile, intends to publish a Republican journal in New York, to promote Republicanism all over the world, and especially in Ireland and England. The Roman Catholies of New York, who swear by their own paper, the New York Freeman, are not favourable to the refugee, as he is a Protestant. An operative in Newcastle, who had availed himself on the thanksgiving day of his master’s offer to pay the day’s wages to such of his workmen as chose to attend divine service at church, called upon him towards evening, and inquired whether, if he went to chapel at night, he would pay for over- time! A woman at present an inmate of Ballyenglish Workhouse, in the North of Ireland, has had seven husbands, all weavers, and who all worked at the

same loom.

Page 10

1254 THE SPECTATOR. (Saturday, Mr. Driesbach, a “lion king,’’ while exhibiting at New York in a den of wild beasts, was attacked by a tiger, which sprang upon him, knocked him down, and fastened its teeth in his breast. A lioness is said to have sprung to the assistance of Driesbach, but struck him instead of the tiger. The — king was dragged out of the den, and his wounds were pronounced not angerous. The tiger was a pet with the beast-tamer, and usually very tame and docile. While Wombwell’s menagerie was at Stockton, recently, a boa-constrictor was wrapped in flannel to protect it from the cold, and two young crocodiles | were also placed among the flannel. One morning the keeper missed a cro- codile—the boa had swallowed it! Our old friend the sea-serpent has turned up again: this time he has been killed near Wick. The number of tigers killed in Java, last year, amounted to 717. The remains of some gigantic animal have been dug up in Algeria. The head is not less than 85 centimetres from the teeth to the nape, and 48 across the bone of the forehead. The front part of the upper jaw has long teeth, and also tusks, similar to those of a wild boar. The legs of the animal are about the size of those of a horse, and from the bend of the ribs it is supposed that its size must have been about four times that of an ordinary ox. Its head somewhat resembles that of the hippopotamus, and its mouth must have been of extraordinary power. The Cape Town Mail states that no less than 50/7. has been received for a crop of arrowroot grown upon half an acre of land at Port Natal. The soil in that neighbourhood is said to be remarkably favourable to its cultivation. Since the discovery of gold in California, 600 vessels have gone round Cape Horn and never returned. A few of them have been lost, but the greater number have been employed in the Pacific trade. The demand for seamen at Quebec is’so great that wages have risen to an extravagant height. As much as 30/, has been offered for the voyage home, and refused by common sailors. From the Ist of February to the Ist of December, the revenue of Canada, from customs, public works, and other sources, was 1,009,197/.; in the cor- responding period of last year, one ef great prosperity, it was only 742,933/. The Northern Bee, a Petersburg journal, says the population of Russia, according to the recent census, was 65,170,598. Travellers from St. Petersburg state that in the shops of that city maps of Constantinople are sold in which the Turkish capital is divided into Rus- sian police districts. The Prussian Prayer-book enjoins that the whole of the service, including the sermon, shall not execed an hour, In an appeal to the Privy Council from Madras, this was given asthe name of an estate in litigation—‘‘ Kaminagadeyathoor kanoogonagira.”’ The population of California from immigration has only increased 21,000 this year up to the lst November. The arrivals by sea exceeded the de- partures by only 6781. A large warehouse at Bradford, occupied by Messrs. Berwick brothers and Gillies, and Messrs. Broadbent and. M‘Corbin, was consumed by fire on Thursday. The loss of the former is estimated at 23,000/. (insured) ; that of the latter at 10,000/. (insured to 2000/.); the building, not insured, 50007. The public broke into adjoining warehouses, and recklessly threw out many of their contents, thus doing great damage. Neotxcrep Epvcation.—“‘ Common things”’ are quite as much neglected and despised in the education of the rich as in that of the poor. It is won- derful: lidw little a young gentleman may know when he has taken his University Sagges erpeete’ y if he has been industrious, and has stuck to his studies. He may really spend a long time in looking for somebody more -ignorant’ than himself, If he talks with the driver of the stage-coach that Jands -him at his father’s door, he finds he knows nothing of horses. If he falls ‘into conversation with a gerdenes, he knows nothing of piants or Mowers. . If he walks into,the fields, he doesnot know the difference between * barley, rye, and wheat; between rape and turnip; between lucerne and saintfoin ; between natural and..artificial grass. If he goes into the carpenter's: yard, he does-ndt know’ ‘one wood from another. If he ‘comes across an attorney, he has no idea of the difference between “eotaion ard® sthtute law, and-is wholly in the dark as to those securi- ties of personal, and political liberty on which we pride ourselves. SU he talks witha County magistrate, he finds his oy ie of the office is ‘thatthe gentleman’ is a sort of English Sheik, as the Mayor of the neigh- “hot: foros is'a sort of Cadi. “If he strolls into any workshop or place of manufacture, it is always to find his level, and that level far below the mit Tf he dines ouf, and, as a youth of proved talent, and perhaps University honours, is expected to be literary, his literature is confined ‘to ‘few popular novels; the novels of the last century, or even the last. Generation, history and —?: having been almost stu- --diously omitted in his education. The girl who has never stirred from ‘home, and whose education has been economized, not to say -neglected, in order to send her own brother to college, knows vastly more of these things than he does. The same exposure awaits him wherever he and wherever he has the audacity to open his mouth. At sea he is a fandlubber, in the country a cockney, in town a greenhorn, in science an ignoramus, in business a simpleton, in pleasure a milksop—everywhere out of his element, everywhere at sea, in the clouds, adrift, or by whatever word utter ignorance and incapacity are to be described. In society, and in the work of life, he finds himself beaten by the youth whom at college he des- pised as frivolous, or abhorred as profligate. He is ordained, and takes the charge of a parish, only to be laughed at by the farmers, the tradespeople, and even the old women, for he can hardly talk of religion without betray- ing a want of common sense. Zimes. Rise of THE YouNG ENGLAND Scuoo..— The year 1844 is remarkable as that in which a new school of Eagle politicians was fully fermed- Inthe Tory party there was a considerable number of young noblemen, who never having been in office, and being blessed with imaginative minds and san- guine temperaments, were far from approving of the system of expediency which the Government was pursuing. Like the youns patriots in the time of Walpole, their watchwords were—purity and principle. Mr. Disraeli persuaded them that there was some profound meaning in the word Toryism, and that he was the man who understood it. They were to be the saviours of the nation. They were to redeem the age from its latitudinarian character. The youthful energies of the country were to be appealed to, and England was in future to be governed by its youth. Mr. Disraeli taught his asso- ciates to regard Lord Bolingbroke as the father of modern Toryism, and of course Mr. Disraeli was the acknowledged interpreter of Lord Bolingbroke’s doctrines. The young Whig patriots, of whom Pulteney was the leader against the Administration of Sir Robert Walpole, believed themselves uliarly the champions of the cause for which Hampden and Sidney died. The young Tory patriots, who followed Mr. Disraeli in opposition to Sir Robert Peel, became eloquent about the cause for which Bolingbroke suf- fered.— Benjamin Disraeli, a Political Biography. | | | POSTSCRIPT. : Statements of great importance come to hand today respecting the Eastern question. While the Moniteur of yesterday asserts that “the last advices from Constantinople announce that the Divan was perfectly agreed with the representatives of France, England, Austria, and Prus- sia, on the conditions upon which the Porte could honourably treat for the reéstablishment of peace,” the Paris correspondent of the Morning Chronicle furnishes equally important information. “The French Go- vernment,” he says, “and the Russian Minister in Paris, have received despatches from St. Petersburg, dated the 20th instant. These despatches announce that the Emperor Nicholas formally rejects the protocol and the note agreed to at Vienna on the Sth of December. If the Conference choose to send the propositions of Turkey to St. Petersburg, they will be received and examined; but the Czar persists in declining to allow any intervention on the part of Europe in a question which concerns no power excepting Russia and Turkey alone.” On the other hand, a telegraphic despatch from Constantinople, dated the 19th, informs us that a change in the Turkish Ministry had taken ae greatly increasing the chances of peace. “ Riza Pacha is appointed finister of Marine and High Admiral, in the place of Mahmoud Pacha, resigned. Halil Pacha is made member of the Divan.” Is it only by a happy guess that Russian advices from Odessa, dated the 16th December, state that the Peace party had gained the upper hand in the Divan since the victories at Sinope and in Asia ? Even from Constantinople accounts are now received of Turkish re- verses in Asia. ‘The sieges of Akiska. and Alexandropol have been raised ; 20,000 Turkish irregulars have been repulsed. Abdi Pacha, the Commander-in-chief, has resigned. Ahmed Pacha replaces him.” Russian territory has been evacuated by the Turks. _A letter from an European gentleman at Bucharest to a friend in Vienna, dated 16th December, throws strong light on the condition of the Russian army. After describing the roads as impassable, and lodg- ings as all but unattainable, he comes to the army— “The number of sick, which, as you have already learnt, was very large, has recently increased in a remarkable manner, as has the mortality among the patients. If things go on thus, the Russians will lose one-tenth of their army by disease. Things are just as bad with the Wallachian ‘ Boiatus’ (militia) who have now been put into the Russian ranks. These men never had any great inclination for soldiering, but less now than ever. Ague, dysentery, scurvy, cholera, inflammation of the lungs, typhus, acute in- flammation of the joints, measles, carbuncles, chilblains, with wounds of all sorts and sizes, are the principal complaints. Syphilis and the itch have increased terribly during the last three weeks. The hospitals in the towns afford dry and comfortable places of repose for the patients; but the tem- porary infirmaries in the open country hardly afford protection against the weather, which is as changeable as the climate is bad. As to nutritious food anda good roof, they are totally out of the question. Of medicaments, physicians, and attendants, there is no want, all the companies being on a war footing in this respect.” He estimates the Russian force in the Principalities at 78,000 men, and says that preparations are made for 54,000 more. On the 20th instant, a company of Wallachian militia seized their newly-appointed Russian officers, beat them soundly, and then deserted with five of them to Kalafat. The Trieste Zeitung asserts that the British diplomatic agent at Tehe- ran has renewed relations with the Persian Government. [This, espe- cially as it comes from Trieste, very much requires confirmation. } The letters from St. Petersburg reach to the 29th instant, and quote the rate of exchange slightly more unfavourable for England. A considerable business had taken place in exports for next year. With regard to poli- tics, the only remark is that the preparations going on in all quarters are such as to denote that they are made with a view to more serious con- tingencies than that of a war merely with Turkey.— Times, City Article. The law on les denrées alimentaires was voted on the 28th by the Bel- gian Senate. M. Cassiers declared his adhesion to the absolute freedom of commerce in corn, and observed that all the measures which have hitherto been taken to restrain it have terminated in results diametrically opposite to those intended. M. Anethan, who spoke on the other side, endeavoured to demonstrate that the prohibition of free exportation did not necessarily diminish importation. ‘The Senate and Chamber have a decided bias towards free trade. The law was finally yoted without amendment. The Duchess de Montpensier held, on the 22d instant, a grand levee at the Palace in Madrid. The corps diplomatique, the grandees of Spain? the authorities, the chiefs of the army, the judges of the different courts the Senators and the Deputies, and other personages, presented their con- gratulations to her on the occasion of her arrival. One of the most distinguished men in Spain, Don Alvaro Flores de Estrada, died on the 16th instant, at Novena, in the eighty-eighth year of bis age. It is rumoured that Prince Adalbert of Bavaria is to marry the youngest sister of the King Consort of Spain. M.de Wendtland, the Ambassador of Bavaria, is said to have conducted the negotiations. Certain changes in the British Army are announced. Three regiments are under orders to proceed to Malta, three regiments to Gibraltar, two regiments to Van Diemen’s Land, two regiments for the Cape of Good Hope,—all drawn from Ireland. One horse and two foot regiments leave the Cape for the East Indies. Eight regiments are ordered home, —one horse and four foot regiments from the East Indies, two foot regi- ments from the Cape of Good Hope, and one from Van Diemen’s Land. We understand that an official letter from Lord Palmerston, as Secre- tary for the Home Department, has been received this week by the civic authorities of Glasgow, requesting to know particulars respecting some war-steamers which his Lordship was informed were building on the

Page 11

December 31, 1853.] THE SPECTATOR. 1256 Clyde for the Emperor of Russia. His Lordship has, we believe, been | by a Norfolk correspondent, corroborate what we hav® been saying as to misinformed on the subject, as there are no sbips building here for the the extent of the deficiency. FRAP Ser | Czar; but there are at present being constructed two pairs of powerful | “‘ The returns issued by the Inspector of corn averages for the last four- first-class marine engines and machinery for war-steamers, by one of our | teen weeks show a continuous and progressive decline in the quantity of first engineers, who is under contract to have them at Cronstadt in April, | Wheat sold in the 290 towns under his jurisdiction. The following are the and to fit them up in the vessels there by his own workmen. Although | official figures. there are no ships building here for the Autocrat, we have reason to be-

—--+—_-+-- —. Quarters sold

lieve that his Lordship may learn something on the subject if he institutes ik eatin t 7 - 1852 Decrease rs Pe aii , Te ry i attte - . eek ending Sept. 17 ........ . 93,539 a ae 318 inquiries on the banks of the Ty me oF Wear. ites th British Daily Mail, | 21S ge 4g 106,800 7... S'* 10,389 The Gazette of last night contains an order in Council newly regu- | - on. : absinthe 201,008 114,961... ese00, 13,453 lating the distribution of prize-money and salvage among the officers and | » ee re oo ory sapemieciel: tad men of the Royal Navy. . OE anctebpact 85,066 117,086 |..:'.'"" gn/960 ee gee 84,623 SE kccscéeus 19,814 : ays Nov. «5 7 37 25,126 The London mail of the 4th February next will be forwarded to Aus- | 5 a Geet 72°62 107'376 sopeness) tralia by the screw-steamer Bosphorus, belonging to the General Screw ws eaten 65,473 96,702 .........- 31,819 Steam Navigation Company, who have obtained the contract. | ” 26 -+ 70,629 94,301 ......... 23,672 ’ | oo Dec. 3 ... «+» 73,714 DE 颢cccaave 43,077 antine _—— y ing the Ue goats of Cale _geiguty cule Se Se guasnd purges of Turkish question ; and the English Funds have ruled more in omen with the political views of the public. Up to last evening, Consols had ronged the University, beyond as well as within the College-walls. Lord Pal- | merston states the yensene for delay hitherto, but adds, that her Ma- between 94§ and 93g. ‘The fluctuations have been frequent; and no f..vour- jesty’s Government feel that the time has now arrived when these | adie impression was produced yesterday upon confirmation of the news that questions should be decided; and he requests the Chancellor to | the Turkish Government had accepted the collective note of the Four Powers, inform him what measures of improvement the University of Cambridge | and would name a plenipotentiary to treat for peace: the effect of such in- may be about to take. Believing that repeated and minute interference telligence being counterbalanced by the belief that the Czar will yield only by Parliament in the affairs of the Universities is an evik her Majesty’s | to coercion. The Funds would no doubt be much lower, if it were not for Government earnestly hope “to find, on the part of these bodies, such | the knowledge that the apevuletions for a fall have been carried on to a nature views and eel designs of improvement as may satisfy the | great extent, and that such accounts sooner or later must be closed. On reasonable desires of the country,” and may obviate the occasion for | Monday the return of Lord Palmerston to the Ministry caused a fall of about ‘urther interference. § in French Funds: they have since rallied, but, like our own, have under- gone frequent changes. Today they came about } higher, and Conso!s ad- “ : : vanced to 94: the English Funds subsequently receded, through some specu- A meeting of Poor-law Guardians, Churchwardens, and others inte- | Jative sales, and close at 933 J. Bank Stock is 1} lower this week ; Exche- ‘ested in the administration of Poor-law relief, took place yesterday at | quer Bills are 2s. better. Money has been in demand, and worth froa: 4 to he London Tavern, under the presidence of the Lord Mayor. The ge- | 4} per cent on Government Stocks. ‘eral complaint put forth was the inequality of burdens in the City of | Foreign Securities have been heavy, in sympathy with other markets, and ndon Union. The wealthy parishes pay scarcely anything; the poor the following have declined—Danish, Russian Five and Four-and-a-hbalf per arishes are exorbitantly taxed. The particular question before the meet- | Cents, Swedish, and Buenos Ayres, 1; Mexican, Granada Deferred, and ag was, whether the school at Norwood, confessedly a successful experi- | Spanish Certificates, 3; Dicto Dofessed, a oe oe ber rr mare ts rent, should be removed, enlarged, or left where it is, The expense of | Proved 4. Mexican was not affected on Tuesday by the news of a pira : “hi . : : r : encounter in Lower California. A meeting of Peruvian Bondholders is to smoving, which would fall unequally on the City, was raised a¢.an ob- be held at the London Tavern, on the 12th of January; at which, no doubt, sction. Finally, the meeting resolved to suspend proceedings until it | questions connected with their interests will be discussed, hould be known what course Parliament would take with reference to Railways were firm on Tuesday, and an improvement of 5s. to 10s. oc- he Poor-relief Acts. | curred in several cases; which was maintained until yesterday, when, upon ee ee the settlement of the Account, they became flatter; and at the close, The General Association of Church Schoolmasters held sittings in | depression in some of the leading lines, compared with last Saturday's, was thaftesbury Hall, Aldersgate Street, on Thursday and yesterday. Va- | to the following extent —Norfolk, 4/.; Lancaster and Carlisle, and Oxford, ious papers were read and discussed on matters connected with educa- | Worcester, and Wolverhampton, 2/.; Aberdeen, and South-Eastern, 1/, 10s.; ion : 18S rere give st rht fi adjacent schools f Caledonian, Edinburgh and Glasgow, Great Northern, Lancashire and ion ; and lessons were given to boys brought from adjacent schools for | \ . i J L NG 4 * i esterday there was interesti itle ‘ong. | Yorkshire, London and South-Western, North British, and York and North he occasion. Yesterday there was some interesting but fruitless discus- Midland, 1h; Midland. 16.; Chester and Holybead, 10s.; London and ion as to how far Church schoolmasters could act with Dissenting school- North. Western ‘ ha The devine in Pore ‘Shares ee ae 7 a tasters. It was agreed on all hands that the Scripture should be the bourg, 12s. 6d. ; Paris and Lyons, 10s.; Northern of Se, Perks and asis of education ; and there was a strong feeling in favour of acting on Strasbourg, and West Flanders, 5s. Today both the English and Foreign lucational matters with Dissenters. Yesterday evening the proceedings | |jnes are rather better. osed with a tea-party. | SATURDAY, TWELVE o’CLoeK, . " . . nny ge Pas n . The English Funds are very heavy this morning, and have declined #: Sir Fitzroy Kelly is now named as the M.P. intrusted with the ar- | Qongols for Account are now 93§}; Exchequer Bills 5 8 The bullion ngement of the d tails of a contemplated Tory Reform Bill.— Daily | return by the Bank of England shows an increase of 375,785/. In Foreign ews, Stocks there is nothing doing, and they remain at yesterday’s quotations. Se Railways are rather dull, and at present there is no disposition to deal; the The upward movement inthe grain-market still continues. Wheat | only bargains have been these—Lancashire and Yorkshire, 66}; London as at -least 1s, dearer at Mark Lane yesterday; and the demand for | 2nd North-Western, 103} ; York, Newcastle, and Berwick, 64,

: . : : 3 per Ce JONSOIS. .. ses eeee shut Danish 3 per Cents ........ 83 5 \dian corn is said to have been so brisk lately that hardly any could be | Thy song bree omy bee 4 Dutel ‘4 ad oe Mea ons id, even at 47s. a quarter. Much was said a few weeks ago about large 3 per Cent Reduced Ditto 4 per Cents .........+ 7 pplies of wheat which were to come from Ireland, but the report this at per Cats 'sceecccesevdoes sf ; Maniess = Conte, «ven avs 23d At i » stocks in i ‘is ‘ ‘Ts are song Annuities ... 5 eruvian per Cents ..... ‘ rek is that the stocks of grain in the hands of the Irish farmers are or RR peel 217 19 | Ditto Deferred 3 perCents |. 48 50 werthan usual. All the evidence we can obtain goes to confirm the Rasheqesr Milib.c.......20-. 68 | Pertaguece 4-per Conts...... 44 inion we have held for some time, that the attempt to keep down prices OS ecg eee shut Baste 5 per Cents........ mn 13 ; : Stonew 7 is likelw avate » evils | ian 5 per Cents poen ‘ae | Ditto 44 per Cents.......... 7% > deficie ke ravate the evils | Austrian 5 per Cents....... F understating the deficiency of last harvest is likely to aggravate thoevils | Suet b peroeate...... io | aan <6} 3 «seareity, as it may prevent Great Britain from receiving an adequate | Sciedem 44 Ger Gants .....ds 957 ee aaa on 3 are of the supplies from the East of Europe and the United States. | Cyjlian 6 per Cents ......... 101 3 Sardinian 5 per Cents... 90 2 ie following remarks on the diminishing salesof wheat, communicated | Danish 5 per Cents .......+. 1024 | Swedish 4 per Cents..,..... 2

Page 12

1256 THE SPECTATOR. (Saturday, BANK OF ENGLAND. An Account, pursuant to the Act 7th and 8th Victoria, cap. 32. for the week ending on Saturday, the 24th day of December 1853. 18S8UE DEFARTMENT. Notes issued soscsoccececeeess £29,128,435 Government Debt.......+.++0« £11,015,100 Other Securities ..... 2,984,900 Gold Coin and Bullion .. + 15,128,435 Silver Bullion £29,128,435 £29,128,435 BANKING DEPARTMENT. Proprietors’ Capital ........++ £14,553,000 Government Securities (in- OEE wcccccccesece 3,198,455 cludi: g Dead Weight Annuity) £15,043 ,730 Public Deposits*.. 11,157,724 Othe Securities. ........ ssese 16,643,651 Other Deposits ... + 10,607,922 NOUS cc ccceccccccsccccccscece 8,318,280 Seven Day and other Bills..... 1,179,166 Gold and Silver Coin.......... 690,606 £40,696 ,267 £40,696 267 * Including Exchequer, Savings-Banks, C of Nationa) Debt, & Dividend Acctg, Che Chratres. “Which is the best pantomime >?” is the question with which many a playgoer is greeted on the morning after “ Boxing-day.”” As the march of intellect goes on, many vulgar fallacies are swept away; but there is still a kind of vague belief, that, with moderate zeal and energy, a thea- trical enthusiast may see all the pantomimes at once. Something of this faith is apparent when the amusement-secking world takes up a daily journal filled with pantomimic history, and hopes to elicit a comparison, where comparison is impossible. ‘The “ weekly” critic may, at Christmas-time, feel that his position is more agreeable than that of his “daily” brothers. They have all written with the knowledge of one pantomime only in each of their heads; and as the heads themselves may vary, they can no more give a notion of comparative excellence, than a steelyard with an unstable weight can test the ponderosity of rival legs of mutton. The ‘‘ We” in this case is not the mere indicative of editorial majesty, but denotes a real plural—is a veritable pronoun of multitude. On the other hand, the “weekly ” critic has it in his power to stand forth as a being endowed with identity, and capable of deciding how far “fun” in one quarter has been balanced by splendour in another. Ina word, if he bas no objection to a fagging holiday-week, he can compare. ‘That we may not lose an inch of this desirable ground, we confine ourselves for the present to the pantomimes as represented at the principal theatres. No disrespect to burlesques— fre record en passant the triumph of Mr. Beverley’s pencil at the yceum)—but pantomime is the more national and more Christmas en- tertainment ; and we have sufficient specimens this year to make a Separate category. In the Drury Lane pantomime of King Humming-top, there is at any rate this virtue, (rare for Drury Lane,) that scenes, dresses, and “ ap- pointments,” are new and clean throughout. A Drury Lane pantomime generally looked like a dramatic museum of antiquated garments; and we have often felt that Zhe Demon of Dust, or Harlequin in Holywell | Stet, would have been no bad title for the Yule-tide banquet. Mr. E. T. Smith has, however, changed all this. His pantomime looks new and | shiny—sparkling, if not with crystals of the true Attic salt, at any rate | with good gilt and tinsel. The introduction is not very intelligibly wrought out, and the “comic business” is remarkable neither for busi- ness nor for vis comica; but the fanciful wardrobe is likely to render the piece attractive. The circumstance that many of the incidents occur in an imaginary land of toys, gives occasion for the appearance of divers personified kites and peg-tops, whose odd aspect is the most striking fea- ture of the whole. Harlequin and the Miller and his Men, the pantomime at the Princess's, is beyond comparison the best of the four now under review—probably the best that has been seen for many years. There is not only that scenic magnificence for which the house has co high a character, but there is a revival of that mechanical ingenuity for which our olden pan- tomime was so renowned. The story of the old “ Miller and his Men” is agreeably burlesqued without tediousness; Mr. J. M. Morton working in all that comic detail, in which, as a writer of pantomime, he is so great a proficient. Nor does the invention end when the Clown begins, but throughout the whole much occurs that is both ingenious and fanciful. A change of six antiquated ladies into as many articles of wooden furni- ture, and a still more extraordinary trick in the opening, when a party of friends, combining together so as to form a huge mask, show, not that two heads are better than one, but that four bodies are equal to one head,—these tricks, we say, prove that Mr. C. Kean has been wisely di- recting his glances to the Porte St. Martin spectacle of Les Sept Merveilles du Monde. With equal wisdom has he looked at home also ; for his repre- sentation of the Camp at Chobham, with an army of admirably-drilled children, is one of the prettiest sights in London, Huline the Clown, | though more of a posture-master than a humorist, is a great acquisition | to this house. The Haymarket pantomime of Harlequin and the Three Bears is a | simple work of the very old school, and not a whit the less pleasant on | that account. Some of the scenes are very beautiful; though in this respect it will not stand a comparison with the Princess’s. The most re- markable feature about it is the musical talent of the Clown, Mr. Harry Marshall; who produces mirth on the fiddle, the concertina, and a har- monically-constructed gridiron,—playing long pieces on each of these in- struments. We are reminded of those City companies, the members of | which are of every possible trade except the trade from which the com- pany takes its name. Our Clowns are now learning everything, but what “poor old Joe” would consider a Clown’s business, and by and by, when we hear that a gentleman plays clown, we shall consider the in- formation analogous to that which we receive when we hear that a Royal Duke is a fishmonger or a merchant-tailor. The Olympic pantomime of Harlequin Columbus is a mistake, committed by a very clever dramatist. Te has sought to elevate the character of pantomime; but, like an over-lofty edifice of cards, the work topples in consequence of its elevation. In answer to the remark that Milton was not successful as a sonneteer, Dr. Johnson observed, “ Milton was a genius to hew a Colossus out of a rock, not to carve posies upon cherry- stones,” | | Parisian THEATRICALS, The great novelty of the day is a five-act play by MM. Emile Augier | and Jules Sandeau, two well-known magnates of the literary drama, | | The theatre of its production is the Francais; its title is La Pierre d Touche. A man-hating musician, who grumbles while in poverty, and, through sudden wealth, becomes an arrant scoundrel, gives the title to the piece, from the fact that he does not stand the touchstone. Sine Arts, THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND ART. Gore House is opened to a free exhibition of the works of the students of the Schools of Art in the elementary stages of instruction—practical geometry, perspective, ornament, the figure from prints and models, flowers from nature, &c. The self-supporting schools, all of which “have | been established in the course of the past year, and several within the last six months,” contribute, as well as those subsidized by Government —the old Schools of Design. We understand that, according to the prize- list, the self-supporting show as not only equal but even superior to the subsidized; and that, among the latter, the average of attain- ment is in directly inverse relation to the amount of Government pecu- niary aid, the most richly endowed coming off worst, and the most poorly best. This result tells strongly in favour of the principle with which Mr, Cole started in his management of the department, and which he has been engaged in bringing into practice ever since, more and more widely. To verify, for our own satisfaction, the justice of the awards, would have demanded opportunities of examination far more systematic, careful, and leisurely, than can be obtained by seeing the several specimens hung more or less in juxtaposition along the walls; but, as far as our observa- tion could extend, we found several instances to confirm the general in- ference. However this may be, the average merit of the specimens is certainly not inconsiderable ; almost all are painstaking, many accurate, with evidence of good training, not a few in quite the right taste and feel- ing, and altogether satisfactory of their kind. We should except the copies after figures, especially from the round; among which we did not notice any that could be called more than moderately good. But this is only natural, and should not, in the stage of progress to which the schools have as yet attained, be cited as a ciuscouragement. Twenty-two subsidized and fifteen self-supporting contribute. BROWN, JONES, AND ROBINSON.* Richard Doyle supplies us with the most humorous and amusing book of the Christmas season, and the one whose art has the most of capital inventive and descriptive faculty. He is a designer of exhaustless fer- tility ; gives character to a pin’s point, grace to a caricature, and laugh- ableness to everything, save only when at special moments he chooses to show that he can command beauty and poetry free from any admixture of quaintness,—as here in the sunset boat-seene of the Lago Maggiore. How many minute facts, how many peculiarities, oddities, and absurd- ities, has he not noted and recorded to the life’s life! how many figures | and expressions, complete in how few touches, cannot he crowd into a single design, leaving himself as free and as full as ever for the next! Various or versatile he is not, for he sees everything through one peculiar medium, and renders it in one peculiar manner; but his observation and invention are in continual exercise, and whatever may be their last pro- duct has something to distinguish it—as a new individual of a constant species—from all that went before. His fancy and his pencil enjoy per- petual adolescence. Nothing could have been more futile or shortsighted than the common notion that Doyle was cast adrift and lost by his secession from Punch, Punch lost ; Tmt Doyle’s powers are precisely such as are always ready, and depend upon themselves cntielly, needing no extrinsic aid for full development. ‘Brown, Jones, and Robinson Abroad,” are not so burlesque, and perhaps not quite so irresistibly risible, as the memorable “ Pips’s Diary’’; but they are as complete and excellent specimens of the artist as could be conceived. The several characters are nicely discriminated and sustained. Brown is a goodlooking likeable kind of little fellow, of artistic propensities and enthusiasm ; Jones, a lanky maypole, the most thoroughly English of the three in character, with a taste for decorum, and yet for free-and-easiness, and with a spice of pug- nacity in his nature; Robinson, verging towards middle-age, is the most comfort-loving, vain, and pliable. Landing at Ostend, they undergo the smells of Cologne, (which Coleridge computed accurately at the number of “ two-and-seventy,”) and “do the Cathedral” ; go up the Rhine, sketching and luxuriating, but not exempt from the baleful companionship of the enuine British grumbler and the unevadable “bore” : see Frankfort, Ieidelberg, and Baden—where Jones gets into a scrape for assaulting a sentinel; ramble in Switzerland ; sun themselves in the entrancement of the Italian Lakes; visit Milan, Verona—where Brown’s sketching hobby induces his arrest by the most truculent-visaged of Austrian detach- ments—Venice, Vienna, Prague, and home again by Rhineland and Cologne. To enumerate the points of humour, of character, of winning grace or bright quaint fancy, would be to describe minutely the copious sum of the designs, As a series, they have an air not only of general truthful- ness, but of personal adventure or reminiscence ; and we doubtless travel with Mr. Doyle’s pencil along many a stage which he has himself passed, and see many a face whose individuality or eccentricity his own eyes have noted on the spot.! * The Foreign Tour of Messrs. Brown, Jones, and Robinson. Being the History of what they Saw and Did in Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy, By Richard Doyle. Published by Bradbury and Evans. WYLDE’S GREAT GLOBE, The solid and eminent attractions of this exhibition have received an accession in a compact but not meagre collection of Arctic relics and specimens,—arms, implements, bear-skins, and scal-skins of Esquimaus and Tuski, stuffed birds and quadrupeds, &c., brought home by Ingle- field, Hooper, and others; including also some meat-cans that were found belonging to the equipment of Franklin’s expedition. In this collectior alone there is matter for stimulating and gratifying the curiosity, enough to make a visit to the Great Globe, apart from its many other claims o interest and culture, one of the most agreeable within the reach of Christ: mas sightseers,

Page 13

oa d, to - ~_— errs we Se eS Se December 31, 1853.] THE SPECTATOR, 1257 TOPICS OF THE DAY, 1853. Topay closes a year which has been prolific in events of immediate interest, has afforded unfailing topics of discussion to journalists and politicians, and leaves for future historians of the British em- pire facts of political and social significance which will mark it as a year memorable in our annals. It has been said, happy is the age of which history has little or nothing to tell; and doubtless when historians found themselves unable, cr thought it beneath their dignity, to trace any records of national life but the conflicts of armies and the intrigues of courts, the undistinguished suffer- ings of the humble or the striking crimes of the lofty, there was a kind of truth in the saying. But now that the function of history is better comprehended—now that peace has her glories, and civic ap- plause waits on those who promote the moral greatness and the mate- rial prosperity of nations—the age of which history has nothing to tell is an inactive, an unprogressive age, an age which refuses to do its work, and leaves accumulated embarrassment and danger for that which succeeds it. And as it is with ages so it is with years. Each year must clear away obstructions, mend institutions, wind up its accounts with the past, provide for the future ; or it is not only a wasted year, but one that lays up misery and difliculty for those that follow. On the last day of 1853, the English nation may look back on a series of important national acts, in which, while they do not fail to recognize and adore an overruling wisdom and beneficence, neither will they fail to discern the fruits of that good sense and love of country which are the choicest gifts Providence can be- stow on a peop e. If some things that needed to be done have been left undone—if but one step has been taken in some direc- tions where it would have been well to take two—if prudence and forbearance may seem to some to have degenerated into vacillation and weakness,—yet upon the whole a good year’s work has been accomplished; the state has been served with ability and zeal; and we may enter upon the new year with the consciousness of having solved for a time questions that last year were pressing for settlement, of having in our service the best ability and character we can get, and of having proved that we deserved them by dis- cerning them and trusting them. Fresh and it may be heavier work remains for the coming year; but we go to it under leaders thet now have learned to understand each other and to act to- gether; we go to it with a certain momentum of success, with an augury of good hope and well-based expectation, that a year’s ex- rience has developed out of vague wishes and uncertain con- jectures. Unquestionably, the great political fact which will characterize the past year is the fusion of parties. Long it waited for accomplish- ment, often it eluded expectation; but it was matured at last by an imperative ordinance of events. Public opinion at once ratified what had been long desired. But it was still felt to be an experi- ment—necessary indeed, but attended with difficulties. ime alone and action could test whether those difficulties were suscept- ible of being overcome; whether the task itself was possible, and the men to whom it belonged equal to the occasion. How tho- roughly the experiment has succeeded—how thoroughly the difli- culties, whatever they really were in substance, have been con- quered—is shown, not half so strikingly by the feeble and purely negative character of the Opposition, or by the triumph of any particular measure carried,—though both are striking indications, when the strength of Lord Derby in the Commons at the com- mencement of the session is remembered,—as by the great variety and wide scope of the measures of the Government during the past year viewed as a whole. It will be seen that in those mea- sures almost every political principle called into action of late years is more or less involved. It is this that gives so emphatic an importance to the session and the year. Statesmen of various opinions might, on an emergency such as arose last December, agree to act together for a time, and to keep in —— their dif- ferences. In that case we should find them carefully abstaining from those spheres of action to which their differences of opinion related, observing on them a marked silence, and devoting them- selves to practical measures on which they could agree. Nothing | of the sort is observable in the conduct of the present Government. They have, like all other Governments, known differences; but how comparatively slight those differences must be, a brief enu- meration of the leading legislative measures will at once demon- strate. The Canada Clergy Reserves did indeed only involve a question of Colonial policy, a question of the relation of the Mother-country to a dependency; yet mixed up as it was with the general ques- tion of the relations of Church and State, how significant was the prominence assigned to it in the Government programme ; how bold | the defiance thereby given to the tactics of an Opposition not too scrupulous to ayail itself, by fair and unfair means, of the religious element in the question. And if we go on with the Colonial policy of the Government, we see it touching on one side the difli- cult question of secondary punishments, on another dealing with the franchise under a new constitution, on a third soothing the ex- asperation and rousing the self-reliance and good feeling of the most unfortunate of “fortunate isles.” So that, in urging the agreement of Government on the single branch of Colonial policy, we do in reality demonstrate its agreement in sundry most im- portant eiiiiel ualeattien, and thereby show the ground why the union of its component members promises to be lasting and fruit- ful. And again, while we point to the Budget as the most bril- liant exploit of the session, whether we look to the important questions of finance it settled, or to the ability, industry, and gene- ral Parliamentary faculty evinced by Mr. Gladstone in its passage through the House, we regard it particularly as a Budget of prin- ciple, and deduce from it that financial differences can scarcely henceforth operate as a dissolvent of the present alliance. The Legacy-duty especially marks a step in financial justice that strongly tested the radical agreement among the members of the Go- vernment. Then, taking the department of Education, and coupling together Lord John Russell’s bill that stands over fir improvement, with the bill for exempting all but Theological Professors in the Scotch Universities from subscription to articles, remembering the Commission that has been appointed to investigate education chari- ties, and not forgetting that within the last few weeks our Uni- versities of Oxford and Cambridge have received intimations from the Home Secretary that Government is resolved to accomplish University Reform, with their aid if they will, but otherwise in spite of them,—we cannot help seeing in these facts an indication of harmony exactly in that region to which our worst fears and anxieties were originally directed. If we say nothing of the India Bill—of the measures connected with the defence of the country— of the Commission to inquire into London Corporation—of the brilliant exploits of Lord Palmerston at the Home Office, tending | to displace dirt from that wrong position in which its dirtiness | consists,—it is not because these are not valuable steps in them- | selves, but because they do not particularly illustrate that rap- opine of Ministers upon which it is our pleasant task this ast morning of the year to discourse. It was presumed that they could act together, and vigorously, in such matters ; the main fear was that speculative differences might find issue in practical diver- gence upon questions that affected or seemed to affect the Church and institutions connected with it. Parties will no doubt arise again, when great questions divide men’s minds. That is how parties have risen at important epochs of our history—at the despotism of Charles the First, at the Revo- lution, at the reaction against the oligarchy of the great families, at the growing desire for a more real representation, at the as- saults of the Whigs on Church abuses after the Reform Bill, at the agitation against the Corn-laws. So when some other change affecting some great interest, involving some a prin- ciple, comes again to be a want among us, we shall have parties again, and they will have a meaning. After the Free-trade mea- sures, old distinctions had become obsolete; to keep them up was a meaningless absurdity, and practically injured the country by keeping a large supply of second-rate men in office when first-rate men were to be had. That is over for a time; and the year 1853 will be remembered hereafter, above all its special measures, for having conducted us through the experiment of a Coalition Minis- try successfully. Had we been writing last Saturday, we might have had to lament that the experiment, though thoroughly suc- cessful as far as it had gone, yet threatened a coming failure by the secession of one of the most able and popular members of the Government, on an assigned cause wholly inadequate to account for such a step at the present crisis. Happily, that breach is healed, and Lord Palmerston is himself again; which he can scarcely be held to be when he surprises himself out of office. Whatever the cause of his temporary retirement, his return cannot fail to make the Ministry even stronger than before, not only be- cause the circumstances imply cordiality and a readiness to come to an understanding, but still more because so clever a man as Lord Palmerston would not be likely to withdraw a resignation once tendered unless he saw good reason for supposing that his re- union with his colleagues would be firm and lasting. So, whether the difference was of substantial policy, or mere irritated personal | feeling, we must regard Lord Palmerston as more than ever | bound to the Government, and the Government as stronger than | it was before; and 1853 closes on the Coalition as firmly united as | its best friends could have expected or even wished. | Were it possible to bound our view of the past year by the sed that separates us from the rest of Europe and the world, our politi- cal retrospect would supply but little cause for regret, and we could look forward to the opening year with unclouded cheerfulness and hope. Such a limitation is at all times impossible for England, and is especially so now, that the dispute between Russia and Turkey threatens the peace of Europe with the most formidable rupture it has experienced since the battle of Waterloo. But into the prospect opened by this collision between two semi-barbarous powers we have not now to glance, or to conjecture what the close of 1854 may have brought to pass. Even on what has been done by our own Government we have at present but very inadequate means for pronouncing judgment. But we may conclude from Lord Palme 9%n’s return to office, that on this Eastern question, as on those more immediately concerning home politics, the coun- sels of the Coalition Ministry are harmonious. One indiscretion must certainly be debited to the Government, and that is their assent to the first Vienna note. What led them into such an evi- | dent error it is yet impossible to know, and idle to anticipate know- ledge by conjecture. But whatever judgment may hereafter be | passed upon their ability and firmness in conducting negotiations | through more than eight months, we may at least congratulate | ourselves that these negotiations have been directed by the ablest | statesmen England possesses, and that if after eight-and-thirty years a terrible war is again to break out, at least our Govern- | ment has used its utmost efforts to prevent so great a disaster, 80 | that the responsibility of all that may follow rests not upon our

Page 14

1258 THE SPECTATOR, [Saturday, heads, but upon the one man whose arrogance, insincerity, and ambition, are opposing themselves to the public law and pub- lic opinion of the civilized world. And we may further con- sider that nothing short of the patience exhibited by the Govern- ments of France and England would have sufficed to display in its true light the dangerous and perfidious policy of the Emperor Nicholas, or to call forth in both countries that strong feeling of indignation and resentment, which, if war is to take place, insure to the Governments of both countries hearty support and sym- thy. It yet remains to be seen whether that patience has not nm carried even beyond the limits of national honour and inte- rest. But we are fully alive to the responsibility of a Government, and its laudable dread of being urged by popular feeling into a fitting indemnity for Turkey to demand and to obtain for the unwarrantable occupation of her territories.” As the party which has wantonly brought a vexatious action, Russia should be made to pay the costs—to indemnify Turkey for all the consequences of resisting an unjust attack; and no form of indemnity could be so good as that which secured Turkey against similar aggression for the future. As the Economist says, England cannot actually lend her aid “to replace her injured — in that fatal position which renders him liable to a perpetual repe- tition of the wrong,” by a renewed abuse of the treaty stipulations. And independently of these considerations, the very events of the year have proved that the relations between Russia and Turkey are such as to provoke breaches of the order of Europe, instead of war, the burdens of which will tend to arrest improvement, and the issues of which are on many accounts uncertain. One thing this otherwise untoward event has brought about, which would compensate for much evil and anxiety—that the French and English nations are acting together with a cordiality which will do more than a century’s harangues to blot out the remembrance of ancient enmity. How it reproves rash judgments, to find the man whose accession to the Imperial throne of France was | looked upon as fraught with menace to our shores, united | to us within a twelvemonth, by ties apparently firmer and more sincere than have ever bound to us those miserable Bourbons, whose gratitude it seems as impossible to awaken as it is to bind | their honour or shame them of their selfishness! Louis Napoleon, | criminal as we think certain acts of his life to have been, is neither fool nor coward, however the necessities of his situation may urge him into courses that must swell a heavy account, to be one day settled. If principle forbade us to be silent on his crimes—if prin- | ciple and prudence combine to warn us against placing an unyigilant reliance upon the man who, for his ec ambition, | fomented the civil discords of a great country, and whose hand, red | with the slaughter of unresisting citizens in the streets of their | capital, has strained its iron nerves in repressing that freedom of h and movement of intellect we prize as the richest inheritance modern life—at least he is as well entitled to the courtesy and | good-will of the English Sovereign and the English nation, as | those other royal personages of Europe whose lives have been | ws in crimes worse than his, because without his excuse : r had he succeeded to an hereditary throne, he has too much ca- pacity, too much tact, too much governing faculty, to have found crimes necessary to maintain his position—too much grandeur of imagination to have sunk into a despot when he might have been the leader of a free and gallant people. In our eyes, Russia is to Europe now what Mahometanism was four centuries since—the | godless infidel power, the power recognizing neither right nor wrong, incarnate brute force, terrible but hateful. Whoever will help us to resist this, whether it be Mazzini or Louis Napoleon, shall be welcome to our side. We shall so far, at all events, be fighting together for truth and freedom and civilization—for all that makes life desirable and man godlike, against all that makes life a desert and a prison, and man savage, degraded, and miserable. This seems to be the contest that 1854 will see begun: what year | will see it ended ? SETTLEMENT BETWEEN RUSSIA AND EUROPE. A BrRoap line must be drawn not only between the quarrel which | Russia has been carrying on against Turkey, and the much more serious account which Russia owes to Europe, but also between the claims of either side as they have hitherto been discussed, and the | unds on which a settlement must be sought henceforward. So | mg as the contest was only between Russia advancing untenable | demands and Turkey resisting those demands, the question of the Holy Places or of a Orthodox Greek Christians might be discussed on the basis of old treaties; bwt as soon as Russia en- deayoured to take the judgment and the award into her own hands, it became evident that she had vitiated her case, and that a mere permission for her to retreat would not satisfy either justice | or policy. It has long been our opinion that Russia could not be permitted to resume the status quo; but that after the termination of the present conflict the relations which Russia bears to the con- terminous state must be placed upon a better footing. We are glad to see that the same view has been supported by the Lcono- mist ; and our contemporary supplies one very excellent argument | for taking this opportunity of revising the relations of Russia to the important tract of country under the rule of Turkey. “Tf we are parties to reéstablishing peace by the restoration of previously existing treaties, we shall be guilty and blind to an almost incredible degree. Why, it is these very treaties which have given to Russia perpetual pre- texts for interference m Turkish internal affairs—which have made the con- nexion between the two countries one chronic irritation—which have ena- } bled Russia to undermine, to weaken, to disorganize, to madden Turkey— | which she looks to and relies on for enabling her gradually to destroy and absorb that unhappy power. It is under these very treaties that she has been enabled to ruin and control the navigation of the Danube, to rob Eng- lish merchants, and to sap the sources of Bulgarian and Wallachian pros- | perity.* I¢ is under these very treaties that she is now crushing the liber- | ties and destroying the peace and property of those wretched Principalities. It is under these very treaties that she is empowered to exclude all other ships of war from the Black Sea, and thus to operate there uncontrolled. It is these very treaties, the abrogation of which (not their ‘ maintenance’) Eng- land ought most vehemently to insist upon; an abrogation for which the | present war offers so admirable and just an occasion, and for which all its cost and bloodshed would scarcely be too high a price; an abrogation which would be the fitting penalty to inflict on Russia for her misconduct, and the ® The navigation of the Danube, its present condition, and the gross breach of | compact which Russia perpetrated when she permitted the accumulation of mud } } A ya mouth, were explained in the Spectator of 27th August, in a paper at securing it. On every ground, therefore, it is necessary that the treaty relations of the two countries should be reduced to a more rational condition. It is satisfactory to see that the third condition on which Turkey now consents to negotiate—the non-renewal of the treaties—raises this question of an ulterior settlement. The occasion not only affords the opportunity for realizing some of the benefits said to be secured under international law, but its inevitable tendency is to place international law itself upon a much sounder basis than it has hitherto stood upon. It is a common object of treaties to secure the free navigation of every great river for the advantage of the inhabitants which reside upon its banks, and for those other nations which seek it as a highway of com- merece. Professedly, the Danube is thus secured; but in fact it has been closed by the malignant neglect of Russia. The expe- diency of the object is not only admitted in most countries, but the admission is formally recorded in treaties; and in arranging for the settlement of the present dispute, it is desirable that the great water highway of the Danube should no longer be intrusted to the treacherous mismanagement of its professed curator, but should be thrown open in fact as well as in law. All commercial countries have a common interest in securing that object; but besides the advantages accruing to commerce, there is a political | guarantee in a free communication between the several countries of Europe. If Austria, Hungary, Servia, Wallachia, Bulgaria, and Moldavia, be kept open for intercourse with England, France, America, Holland, and the many commercial.countries which are sure to seek that highway, a great safeguard is attained against a monopoly of power by any one state, or against that closing of whole tracts of the Continent by the will of a crowned individual, In exacting these concessions from Russia, the Powers intrusted with the settlement of the dispute would be enforcing no retri- butive humiliation, which has been thought to be the privilege of the victorious party. Nothing would be taken from Russia for the sake of destroying her or humiliating her; nothing which she has not abused to the injury of her neighbours, of commerce, and of Europe. In this respect, indeed, the war which is about to commence wholly differs from any that has preceded it. 1 is not a war of conquest or retaliation; it is not a war even to subdue one dangerous power for the security of the rest; in short, it is not a war for the sake of victory, but one entirely for the sake of order, as that is understood by the majority of the European Powers. The security of order and of peace has often been pro- fessed as the object of such contests, because in manifestoes and diplomatic records it is customary to give the objects of aggressors or retaliators as fine a name as possible; but the war to put down | Napoleon was mingled with dynastic objects and purposes of con- quest, to say nothing of the blind prejudice with which that great adventurer was assailed in many cases by men inferior to himself, The present war is carried against Russia solely to execute the award.of the common opinion of Europe. We have the very best of tests that the decision is the common opinion of Europe ; for the main conditions which are to be enforced upon Russia have re- ceived the assent of Austria, France, England, and Prussia— states entirely differing in their own individual interests, differin in their politieal views, differing in their relations with Russia, — agreeing only in the very broadest priuciples which it has been thought necessary to guarantee. Even if Austria should lack the | courage to enforce this award, she has already given to the award her deliberate sanction. It is a war, therefore, wholly and solely to secure that which all the great Powers have agreed to consider | just and essential to the order and peace of Europe: it has no far- ther object whatever. The very purpose of such a war is an inno- vation in the history of warfare and of international law. Indeed, it is the first step to the recognition of any common law worth calling by the name. The primary object of the war is, not to establish the rights of Turkey; not to judge the question between Russia and the Ottoman empire; but to confirm this great first rinciple of social -order—that the individual shall net take the ow into his own hands. We have already established that rule | in the municipal law; it is for the first time distinctly recognized | in the basis of the present attempt to enforce the eommon verdict of Europe on a point of international law. If the Four Powers or the Western Powers arrest Russia, it is, in the first instance, not upon the merits of her quarrel.with Turkey, but upon the ground that she is breaking the peace and taking the law into her own hands, and that she is to be prevented from so doing. When once she is brought into court, indeed, the merits of the case upon | which she has acted thus unlawfully will come under considera- tion; and it is to be expected that the court will make such an award as shall prevent the repetition of the offence, coupled with a virtual indemnity of the injured party. But the primary and a object is to secure respect for the opinion and common w of Europe.

Page 15

December 31, 1853.] THE SPECTATOR. 1259 Incidentally, another fundamental and important principle has been introduced and recognized. In the settlement of the quarrel, it is argued, regard must be had not only to the independence of the Ot- toman empire, but also to the just rights of the Greek subjects of Tur- key. The common opinion, therefore, which checks the individual presumption of Russia, distiretly recognizes the rights of peoples, and renders that a subject which may be entertained by the court. This is a most important principle: for we may recollect that the Greek subjects of Turkey are not the only races who are oppressed —who are made to undergo intolerance and practical injustice, social as well as political. subject to still more wrongful treatment; and if states rush into court, it is well that they should understand their liability to be | called to account for the treatment of their subjects. In short, the common law of Europe has begun to recognize the rights of peoples as well as of sovereign powers. cumstances of Turkey bring the recognition to a practical point. Important as they are, the principles which are thus attaining to recognition must concede to another of still more commanding importanee. The present war, we say, was instituted to execute the award of the common opinion of Europe, as opposed to an in- dividual state taking the law into its own hands. It is desirable for the stability of thrones, as well as for the constitutional liberty of peoples, that this consent to sustain the common law should re- ceive as broad a support as possible ; for it is indeed the protection of all constituted authority, as well as of social freedom. Hitherto, doctrine and policy have been dictated by the most powerful; in- telligence and conscientious opinion have repeatedly been sacri- fieed to that dictate. The present operations of Kussia proceed entirely upon the old fashion of coercing other states into an al- liance against their likings if not against their convictions. Not- withstanding her diplomatic clevernesc, Russia is by no means a fair type of European intelligence or honesty; for there are man other states which would be called of less importance, but in whic knowledge, cultivated understanding, moral uprightness, and respect for humanity, stand higher. It would be unjust to Bel- gium, Prussia, Saxony, or France, if they were rated at the level of Russia. Russia, however, is now trying to coerce or cajole many states of Europe into taking her ate Like a noble in the middle ages, the Czar seeks to bribe or bully his betters into stand- | ing by him; and hitherto the minor states of Europe, if not those of the first rank, have even been obliged to sacrifice their own clear perception and their conscience to their policy or their fear. Let the principle and practice be established, that the individual shall not be suffered to dictate, but that the Powers of Europe will unite to sustain the common law of Europe, and every state | would be released from this species of coercion. In other words, the conscience of Europe would be the high court of appeal, under whose protection every state should be independent, and no crowned man should make it afraid. RUSSIA IN THE BALTIC. Tne attempt of Russia to coerce Sweden into an alliance with the Absolutist Powers is as natural on the side of Nicholas as the alli- ance would be unnatural in Sweden; but the attempt deserves some attention on our part, both on account of the motives which dictate it and of the intluences which counteract it. said, has commanded the Government of Sweden to close its ports against England and France; and it is asserted that the Royal Family at Stockholm is in favour of Russia. we do not know. We do know that the King of Sweden is a man of considerable sense, that he has a strong sympathy with his sub- jects, and that he has lately used very independent language; all | circumstances inconsistent with the idea of his subservience to Russia. is new in the royal circle, and who might not dislike to have the rmanency of his position guaranteed by the Great Power of the orth; the less, since by sharing the patronage of Russia with Denmark, Sweden might be shielded from some consequences with which the rivalry of that state, backed by Russia, would threaten her. Should it be true that the Court of Sweden is with Russia, the position of the country on the North of the Baltie would be very similar to that of Denmark and her provinces,—the Court cultiva- ting the patronage of an alien ally who dictates its policy, and the people jealous of that undue intervention. At the close of 1853 we are more able to understand the mistake of that policy which induces this country to acquiesce in the endeavours of the Danish Court to set aside the constitutional compacts between the throne and its subjects. We first supported Schleswig-Holstein, and then abandoned that provinee as a compliment to the King of Den- mark ; enabling lim to gather up the provinces into his own royal hand, as if fur the very purpose of handing them over to Russia. It is scarcely possible the same mistake can be made in Sweden. There are many sympathies between that country and England: our language is much cultivated there ; its citizens come over here to obtain information on steam machinery, and other instruments for improving their resources; they are a maritime people, and they might be our friends from natural sympathy and good-will. But, independently of a desire to act with England, it is important to note the species of guarantee which is derived for this country from the nationality and freedom of the Swedish people. Nothing threatens the order of Europe or the independence of England at this moment more than the encroachments of Russia. She has not made direct war upon any constitutional power, but she has aided two powers in destroying constitutional elements within On the contrary, there are other races | The recognition was in- | evitable; it might long since have been foreseen; but the cir- | ° e, 2 | Russia, it is How that may be | There might, no doubt, be temptations for a monarch who | | their own dominions—Hungary within the dominions of Austria, Danish and Schleswig-Holstein immunities within the dominions of Denmark. If other countries will thus conspire to set aside their own peoples, she succeeds in being left to deal with courts ; and she can bully one like Prussia, eajole a second like Denmark, or bully and cajolea third like Austria. Her grand difficulty is when she encoun- ters a people animated with dislike of absolute royal government especially by an alien monarch. Nicholas might convert the Bal- tic into a Russian lake, if it were not for the Swedish people. If the resistance of Sweden depended upon a complimentary or parch- ment alliance with this country, it would not be worth a week’s purchase : but it rests on the national pride of the Swedish people, on their love of constitutional freedoms of their own, and on their gallant determination not to lose more provinces to the great de- vourer of the North. Nowhere does there exist a national consti- tution in Europe which is not an outpost for English institutions and English independence against the grand invader. A SCHOOL FOR AUSTRIAN FINANCIERS, OnE might imagine the feelings of envy with which the lord of a bankrupt exchequer would regard a surplus revenue, if it were not that incapacities sometimes carry their consolations with them. A Chinese nobleman, who sees an English peer not prevented from using his hands upon what he lists by a gigantic overgrowth of finger-nail—a Chinese lady, who sees an Englishwoman able to walk—a Turkish female of rank, who heard Lady Mary Wortle Montague tell that her countrywomen were not shut up like jewels in a box by their husbands—a Spanish grandee, who saw a foreign- er prevented by no scruple from helping himself—are but types of the Austrian financier who sees the American Chancellor of the Exchequer enjoying a plethora of means. Yes! America is well off ; but where 1s her escutcheon ? She is a parvenue. Still, suc- cess is so very admirable, that one can imagine even an Emperor wishing to know how a President can get on in that pleasant way. It would be an entirely new lesson. America has exactly what Austria wants—not by favour of fortune, but of management. Providence, indeed, shines with a newer and more uninterrupted sun on the West, but the East also has its riches if they were daly brought forth. It certainly is not from the sterility of the Austrian soil that the poverty of her exchequer springs. Were it possible for an American President to be travelling in the East of Europe—a very wide supposition ; and were it possible for Austria to dare to arrest that Republican potentate in his jour- ney ; and thirdly, were it possible for Austria to derive wisdom from her prisoners—a vast resource, if she did but know how to improve it,—the evidence given by that involuntary witness might be the means of rescuing the Imperial exchequer from its long-established bankruptey. There have been Austrian Emperors who were capable not only of extracting wisdom from any source, but of freely opening their minds even to a prisoner or a president; and if Francis Joseph inherits any of the faculties which some of his forefathers possessed, he woul be quite capable of carrying on a conversation with an eye to mutual instruction. | Of course, his first point of curiosity would be that great Ame- rican phenomenon a surplus in the exchequer. “ How does it come there?” he might ask. “ 'Spects it grow’d,” would be no sufficient reply from the im- prisoned Pierce. “ But how do you cultivate so useful a fruit? | the Emperor would say, “ is to get rid of the exact opposite— yearly deficit: and I see that your Chancellor of the Sechoguer is anxious only to diminish your surplus. Could I but for a single , month feel that blessed anxiety, nay, could I for a day know what it is to wish to diminish a surplus in the exchequer, I should be relieved of a great weight which presses upon ‘the i mind of this throne.” | “Ido not know,” Pierce would say; “ we do not trouble our ae much about the way of getting the surplus: the late Presi- | dent ri | “Ah, I forgot!” the Emperor would cry; “ you ch your | Emperors once in four years. It is a bad plan that; no instita- | tions can be stable where the chief of the state is changeable— | where there is no hereditary tie to sustain the throne of the em- | pire. Finance itself cannot be sustained where there is, so to speak, a periodical revolution in the monarchy.” “ We Mo not trouble ourselves much about sustaining finance ; for you see it sustains itself. Your stable throne—if it 1s stable— does not keep up your surplus exactly. We have great self-reli- ance in America. The exchequer which will not help itself is not worth having.” “ Tell me, then,” the Emperor would say, “ how do you put the screw on to bring in so much plunder ?” “ We have no screw; indeed, our citizens would not stand the screwing: we are just about relaxing our tariff, in order that we may not have so large a surplus in the treasury.” “ But how, then, do you regulate commerce so as to be pro- ductive ? ” “ We do not regulate commerce at all. The late party, indeed, inclined to keep out foreign manufactures—and did to a certain extent. Iron, for example, we are rather jealous of. But as American iron is better than any we can bring in, probably Ame- rican citizens would prefer their own metal, even if they did not forbid themselves to use other people’s. That is my idea, and Guthrie is obeying the opinion of the Democratic majority.” “ Obeying a Democratic majority! Well, if you can only have My anxiety,” a surplus revenue by obeying a Democratic majority, unquestion-

Page 16

1260 THE SPECTATOR. (Saturday, ably—although I have a great respect for a President—an Empe- ror could not avail himself of that convenience. We know better than to obey a majority; and we prevent opinions; so that they don’t trouble us. But you have had paper as well as we: now that is the one great burden—how did you get rid of it ?” “Oh! that was the easiest thing in the world, and the shortest : we paid it off.” “ Paid it! Though, by the by, I intend to do that when m military expenses are reduced down to the standard of 1847. have made them calculate the figures exactly, and I find that when the military expenditure is reduced to the standard of 1847, I shall have no deficit in the exchequer, end shall begin to pay off the paper. But I see you have very low military expenses; how do you contrive that?” “Why, we do without a large army.” “But then, how do you make the provinces pay their taxes ? Lombardy, for example, puts me to a great expense in armies; but then, Lombardy brings me a quarter of my whole revenue.” “We find itis enough for us to do, to tell the people what taxes they are to pay, and they send them in—only too much, as you observe. If we leave them alone to work out their own trades in their own way, and make the taxes light enough, there is no difficulty in the matter ; only that we could not support such an army as you do.” “Well, then, how do you manage that point ?—for I observe ou conquer new provinces, and I cannot even keep mine without elp of Russia.” “Why, in America, we make the people their own army. We oblige every citizen to be enrolled as a soldier, and in that way we can bring into the field about two millions and a quarter of fight- ing men. It seems to me, friend Emperor, that if you could begin there, as you say yourself, you might soon have a surplus revenue. Get rid of your army! arm your people! and you get rid of your military ge ne very thing that eats up your surplus revenue. You then have surplus instead of deficit; you redeem your paper; you set your subjects free to cultivate your magnifi- cent empire; and instead of being afraid of your people, you will be able to thrash Europe.” Even an Emperor might be struck with the results of that idea ; but there appear to be three difficulties in applying it to the Aus- trian empire. In the first place, the Imperial mind would have to seize upon a new train of ideas; in the second place, the people might not perfectly understand or trust the new regime, while a moment's relaxation of the fetters might be fatal to the gaoler; and in the third place, if the people were consulted, they might take it into their heads to prefer self-government to imperial govern- ment. The last is the remoter difficulty, the foree of hereditary prejudice the more immediate. There is no probability that Aus- tria will accept financial wisdom from America. The more likely fate is, that Austria will continue to eat up her revenue with her own army, until an exhausted industry is unable to keep up the chain of vicious government, and the army itself, revolting, be- comes the means of freeing the empire, as the prisoner tormented beyond endurance knocks y ee the gaoler with his own manacles. CHILD-MURDER IN INDIA AND ENGLAND. New attention has been drawn to an old crime in an extensive dis- trict of British India, “ as large as an European kingdom.” In 1851, Major Lake, the Commissioner of a district in the Punjaub, Mencvered a practice of murdering female children ; and the atten- tion of the Government has been drawn to the case with a view of utting down the offence. The usual auxiliary to the action of Bavernieeah, however, was wanting. It was difficult to find a prosecutor, where all society shared the crime, and did not even think it criminal; so little criminal that the subject is freely dis- cussed amongst the natives themselves, and is indeed adopted by some of them as a distinction. The first motive was of a mixed kind—avarice and pride. A Rajpoot of high rank must give to his daughter, if she marries, a great dowry—ten or fifteen lacs of rupees or more. At one time, rhaps, the han, Her may have been fond of their daughters, an the value for human life has never ranked so high in In- dia as it does amongst ourselves ; as we may see by the practice of Suttee, the sacrifice of Juggernaut, and by the ready destruction of | life to gratify the smallest caprices. If in the Hindoo the contempt | for life is not checked even by self-preservation, so the instinct of | daughter-preservation appears to have yielded long ago to the in- stincts of avarice. The Rajpoot, who must give a large dowry to his daughter if he diepesed of her in marriage, shared the same | feeling which English country gentlemen have sometimes expe- rienced when they have thought the daughters were a serious bur- | den; but the Rajpoot has a resource which the English gentleman does not find to his hand—he may murder his daughter. A provi- | dent Rajpoot would foresee the dilemma, and would naturally save the subsistence of the daughter, and much trouble, by disposing of her betimes. Hence the alternative to a splendid marriage becomes a confirmed practice of infanticide. A practice which is attached to rank and wealth naturally becomes fashionable; and hence it has befallen, that whereas some few Rajpoots murder their daughters, rather than alienate immense portions of their immense property, a larger number murder their daughters not because there is the same necessity but because the murder of daughters is a mark of distinction. Infanticide has extended to all classes of the community within the district above-mentioned, as the use of | silver or British silver forks has extended to the humblest eating- houses in England, the practice in both cases being recommended | by its convenience and its gentility. | considerations; just as Dr. Lardner did. It may safely be said, however, of that community which in- dulges the convenience of infanticide, that it is not in the highest moral or intellectual state, and that it is so far debarred from a de- gree of happiness which is not forbidden to human kind by its natural condition. The alien Government has taken the practice to heart more than the natives themselves, and Mr. Raikes is understood to have suggested a particular kind of remedy. As the Friend of India observes, a London magistrate would increase the vigilance of the police, and would try to “ put down” the crime by the criminal law. Evidently, such a process would be unsuited to the country where the posse commitatus would be all against the sheriff; and the plan actually adopted is quite different. Some degree of shame has begun to dawn amongst the people. Ad- vantage is to be taken of this feeling: they are to be convened by the representation of their chiefs; the horror of the British at the practice is to be distinctly stated to them; a census is to be drawn up, distinguishing the male and female children; and the chiefs are to be invited to make a declaration against the practice, and probably also to adopt new rules for marriage. The practice would go far to prove how fittle the Indians are advanced towards that condition which would fit them for self-government, as the reliance of the British in the force of advice and in the candour of the na- tive mind proves how readily the Hindoo can adapt himself to the qualifications for self-government, and how well the British author- ities know their adaptability. But while we teach our Hindoo brethren, and rather look down upon them for their want of teaching, may we not look at home, and ask ourselves, not only whether we have crime amongst us, but whether our methods of correcting it have been more intelli- gent than those ascribed to the London magistrate? We fear that the London magistrate is a very fair type of the teacher. To prove that we have crime, we need not stir an inch from this ac- count of the practice in the Punjaub; for in the same column of the Zimes where this account from the Friend of India is quoted, is another account of infanticide in Sussex,—an individual case, no doubt, but belonging to a class which has been known to pre- vail in Essex, the county of husband-poisoning, in Lancashire, and in many English counties. It is true that the members of our peerage do not seek to sustain their honourable repute by stifling their little children; true that country gentlemen cannot go to such lengths for disposing of their cadets, male and female; but it is also true that a very large proportion of the English popula- tion stands convicted either of deliberate murder or of the homicide which consists in starvation, neglect, and depravity. As yet we have trusted more to the criminal law for checking that great social crime. We are only now beginning to discuss, with much solemnity in public conference, whether a more intelligent plan cannot be adopted with regard to a very limited portion of the population—one certainly that does not indulge in infanticide, but consists of the young themselves. With regard to those who are guilty of child-murder, how many are there that, in the first place, do not know, any more than the Rajpoots, the full enormity of the crime? How many more who do not know the mode in which they can avoid it; for too often it comes to them in the shape of an apparent necessity ? Perhaps the experiment which we are work- ing Out in Rajpootanah may be useful as an example of ourselves to ourselves; and we may acquire the opportunity of teaching the English people how to forego tie practice of child-murder. DANGER OF PROPHECIES. Dr. Larpner is a favourite subject of persecution. Having written many clever books and papers, he once made rather a seri- ous mistake. In his work upon the steam-engine he expressed an opinion that little hopes of success could attend the project of Transatlantic steam navigation ; and ever since Cunard established that line of steamers which has had so many imitators, and is now as familiar as the railway or the electric telegraph, there has been a periodical resuscitation of Dr. Lardner and his mistake. The Doctor has not taken kindly to this periodical roasting ; he remon- strates, and endeavours to justify himself. At one time, if we re- member rightly, he expressed himself to have meant not that such projects were impossible, but that they could not pay. In a letter to the Zimes, the other day, referring to his eighth edition, he de- nied point-blank that he eve~ «tered such an opinion. ‘“ An Ob- server of 1845,” however, brings a telling witness against the Doctor—not his eighth but his sixth edition. In page 320 of that volume, Dr. Lardner hopes that “a due consideration of the facts and principles in the present chapter ” would awaken the projectors to “a better sense of the mechanical obstacles which would stand in the way of an unbroken sea voyage between London and New York.” At page 320 he calculates that it would be practicable to construct a steamer capable of carrying fuel, without an interme- | diate depot of coals, for 2500 miles, ana not for 3500 miles; hence his idea of “the little hopes which can at present attend this pro- ject.” The project did not succeed “at present,” but it has amply succeeded since; and we do not know why Dr. Lardner should be | made accountable for having failed to perceive the success which has accumulated in 1853 but was not existent in 1845. It is less just, since the Doctor’s foible is a truly national one. We English are fond of judging only by experience and practical He found what steamers had done, applied that to the proposition for crossing the Atlantic, and did not feel warranted by the experience of the Admiralty steamers in anticipating suecess. His refutation would have re- mained good to this day if he had depended upon the Admiralty steamers: he might, for example, cite the Melbourne. In like XUM

Page 17

December 351, 1853.] THE SPECTATOR, 1261 manner, projectors were ridiculed for asserting that trains could run on railways at nine or ten miles an hour; the possibility of | transmitting messages almost instantaneously between London and | Paris was once a joke ; and we are still prone to the same assump- | tion in regard towther things. It was said that if the Corn-laws | were given up English farmers would be ruined, and the country would be deprived of its food by foreign powers. A short harvest has actually occurred, and bread is much dearer than it was, but not actually snatched from the people. It was said the monarchy could not outlast the Reform Bill; and Queen Victoria is the most popular sovereign we have had since Elizabeth. u vain we are told that all inventors have been regarded as wild fanciers ; that Arkwright, who imagined the factory before power- | looms were invented, was first regarded as a dreamer; and so forth. People begin to be ashamed of venturing to assert what is impossible, and at this close of 1853 perhaps the stubbornest and dullest understanding would not venture to assert the impossibility | of what may happen in 1854. Still the propensity to negatives, which pertains to our time andcharacter, is too powerful to be over- come ; and there are numbers to predict that if a Reform Bill were passed more accurately to adjust representation to the real state of the country in 1854, the constitution would cease to exist. In- stead of proving how Dr. Lardner’s prophecy is refuted every week, perhaps the most profitable task for “ the Observer of 1853” would be to recapitulate how many prophecies of one year haye | been stultified by the next. HOW TO BEARD SOCIETY. We have to confess neglect of an important movement, which consists partly in the suspension of another important and truly national movement. The primary movement consists in the radual protrusion of the hairs that naturally grow on the upper ip and chin of the adult male population of the United Sinoltn. at least so far as that can be coaxed out of the diflidence which inclines those important ornaments of the human face to retire from sight, like Atneas, in a cloud of lather. It is obvious that the continuance of this movement involves the suspension of the national razor movement; yet, notwithstanding the anti-shaving league, we do not hear of any agitation among the cutlers like that amongst the farmers. ‘There is no fear that the Weisses and Me- chis will be ruined. Railway guards, stone-masons, and other revolutionists, come forth in fons and yet there does appear upon the face of society a considerable fidelity to the razor. That, rhaps, as well as the demand for export, is the reason why no uis Napoleon of Sheflield takes upon himself to confront the universal moyement and rehabilitate an imperial power “to shave society. The movement has an advantage quite peculiar to it, inasmuch as the arguments on both sides have all the amusing elements of the ridiculous. The present custom is absurd. To foreigners who come from nations unmutilated in the face, the aspect of men stalking about in public, deprived of the distinctive ornament of the muzzle, and thus reduced to stubbled and rough copies of women, is more amusing than imposing. The North American Indian, who shaves his head and leaves a tuft in the centre for the convenience of his enemy in taking off the scalp, is actuated by a higher sense of honour than that which actuates Englishmen in compelling them to shave the muzzle and leave two scraps at the side for that domestic enemy the favourite child to tug at. The custom therefore is ridiculous; but the revolution is scarcely graver. The artist, who tells us that the beard is better than the shaven chin—personal comfort, which tells us that the operation of shaving is a daily torture—or common sense, which tells us that the fur upon the lips and round the throat in harsh weather is a natural “comforter”—have strong grounds on their side; but when the physician interposes, and gravely assures us that the na- tional malady of consumption may be warded off by the natural respirator, and especially when the distinguished member of a public department heads the anti-razor movement, representing the movement as essential to public health—it may be said that material improvement is beginning to revel among the soap-suds. One is prompted to ask whether the preacher practises; and per- haps a contemporary can tell us whether the great apostle of this bearded doctrine is himself an exemplar of his mission ? It is one that can only be taught by example, not inculeated by doctrine or ordered by statute. We have a compulsory vaccina- tion act, but a compulsory anti-shaving act would be tolerated only in Russia—or the Bank of England. Soldiers shave or grow by | regulation, but civilians might at least claim freedom of action. The Police have not been required to grow a handle by which to | be bearded; but the authorities at the Bank, it is said, have put down certain rising moustaches; perhaps as dangerous to the safety of that institution. Such is our custom of tyranny in trifles: we grant a freedom to religious and political principles which we deny to the capillary principles ; we admit private judg- ment on the most important questions, and deny it on the toilet question of the morning ! -Eotters to the €vitur, OXFORD UNIVERSITY REFORM. 27th December 1853. Srr—I am not going to rush into a masked battle with “ Another Resi- dent Fellow”: but I have a few words to say in answer to his letter. In the first place, I beg to assure him, that though my opinions are not those which predominate at the Hebdomadal Board, still I am neither a “* Dan- ton” nor a “ Robespierre,” and that I object to being put in such company. | In the second place, it is not quite fair of him to say that I “seem to class in point of importance” Intidel with moustaches and meer- schaums: I mentioned them simply as joint attributes of a purely ideal stu- dent, who is supposed to disturb the dreams of the Oxford gods. Will your correspondent forgive me if I answer his hint with a “tu quoque,” and re- mind him that misrepresentation, “though a much readier, is neither so fitting nor so effectual a weapon, as sound reasoning” ? One word as to the self-called Moderate party in Oxford. Many of its members are among the most valuable and most working men in Oxford ; but it cannot be too much regretted that as a body they should have thought fit from the first to throw dirt at the Commissioners and those who agree with them. Germanizers—revolutionists—robbers—these are not conciliatory appellations ; and these are the terms which have been freely applied to men who, whatever may be their errors in judgment, are at least as much in earnest in their desire for improvement as their opponents. If, instead of vilifying the Commissioners and preparing “‘a report upon a report,”’ the Oxford Heads and Tutors had set themselves to work in earnest to reform the University and the Colleges, they would not now have the mortification of seeing the Government about to take the matter out of their hands. lam, Sir, your obedient servant, A Resipent Feiiow. THE SCHOOLS. 28th December 1853. Sir—I have just risen from the perusal of a letter of “Sagittarius” in the columns of last week’s Spectator, and would fain, if you will allow me, urge one or two remarks in answer, which are dictated not less by the known principles upon which human action has ever worked, than by the practical cupeneaes of a public school life. was not myself at Harrow, and cannot therefore deny positively that the “ Decemvirate”’ there might have been of a severer and more oppressive character than was the sixth form at Eton; but this I know, that whilst in statu ne I was never aware of a single case of “bullying” which could be traced rather to the system of our public schools than to the phy- sical superiority and the evil-disposed nature of some petty tyrant. At Eton, the whole of the fifth form, which comprehends one-third of the school, and the sixth form, have the privilege of ‘* fagging’’ all below them : at Harrow, it isthe sixth form alone that is invested with similar powers. The cases of oppression at Eton, (if indeed they could be called such,) as far as my personal observation extended, were generally traceable to the younger boys, who had but lately emerged from the lower parts of the school, and were anxious to display their new-blown dignity at the expense of their late copartners in servitude—rarely to youths of seventeen, a, or nineteen, who after a long term of probation had arrived at the highest honours of the small community. This argument would of course tell strongly in favour of the Harrow system. Independently, however, of these reasons, I have on my side the opinion of one who was among the first to lead the van in all social improvements, and who well deserved from public schools the title of * Restitutor” for the system that he at once remodelled and created. It was Arnold’s maxim, to intrust the leading boys of a schooh with very considerable authority; demanding at the same time a pa tionately strict account for the power intru: jpon them PUBLIC — == — u a feeling of great responsibility—that feeling which changes boys into men ; and fitted them, by the habite that they ecquired of controlling themeslves and others, for the position of command which many among them were destined to fill in after life. He insured to himself a more thorough and less unpopular censorship of the younger boys than eould have been effected by paid masters and tutors; and he held out to the lowest in the school the fair and laudable ambition one day of being trusted and of governing. The veneration with which this great man is ponent regarded adds con- firmation to-his views on a subject which might almost be ealled bis own, and the success which has subsequently attended most of his pupils shows that his lessons are not to be despised. He who can make a system out of itself work its own remedies and corrections, is wiser than he who calls in the aid of a foreign “ orbilius,” I am, Sir, your obedient servant, EroneEnsis, Gleanings from Blue Bovks, Xt. AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS. Mr. Philip Pusey, in his letter to Lord Ashburton on the importance of collecting national agricultural statistics, suggests that the proposed survey should aim not merely at “ the calculations of our yearly yield of corn, with a view to estimate our immediate dependence on foreign sup- ply”’: in his opinion, it ought to be in some degree historical, so as “ to record and measure that improvement of agriculture which began with the present century and is strengthening with its advance,” In common with all enlightened politicians, Mr. Pusey regrets that no means were adopted at the commencement of the century to combine a census of our husbandry with that of the population of the empire. With the aid of such able political arithmeticians as we had then,—Sir John Sinclair and Mr. Arthur Young,—-who would willingly have undertaken the task of planning such a survey, Great Britain might have been by this time in possession of an invaluable amount of accurate information relating to the progress and position of agriculture, which would have thrown much light on many of the great industrial problems of the day. But neither the Government nor the public opinion of that day were sufficiently enlight- ened to understand the value of such inquiries. It was left for the younger branch of the Anglo-Saxon family, on the other side of the At- lantic, to give England a lesson on that as it has done on so many other questions relating to material progress. ‘The United States of Ame- rica,” as Lord Ashburton remarked, in his letter to the Alresford Board | of Guardians, “make an annual return of the number of bushels of corn grown, the quantity they require for their own consumption, and the quantity they can spare for export.” He might have added, that, along with the decennial census of the population, the enumerators employed by Government give returns showing the extent of land under cultiva- tion, the amount of live stock on each farm, the cash value of farms, and the value of agricultural. implements and machinery employed by each cultivator of the soil; embodying altogether a large amount of the most valuable statistical information, from which we might obtain some useful suggestions in relation to the census for Great Britain. In his letter to Lord Ashburton, the President of the Royal Agricul- tural Society calls attention to the importance of collecting returns re- lating to the increase of live stock, as “a means of giving, in the long run, an unerring clue to the more obscure problem, the increasing fertility of the soil.” If we find that the stock of sheep or cattle has been doubled within a certain period, he thinks we may take for granted that | the average growth of corn will have been augmented correspondingly, in some definite proportion, This conclusion is justified by the returns given in the report recently published by the Superintendent of the

Page 18

1262 THE SPECTATOR. (Saturday, United States Census for 1850. We find from these, that in ten years the number of cattle had increased from 14,971,586, to 18,355,287, rather more than 20 per cent; and that during those ten years the production of Indian corn rose from 377,531,875 bushels in 1846 to 592,326,612 in 1850, an increase of nearly 60 per cent; while the population of the Union had increased only 35 per cent. No wonder that wages continue high in a country where the supply of food increases so much more rapidly than the population. As regards wheat the progress has not been so remarkable. It rose | from 84,823,272 bushels in 1840, to 100,503,899 in 1850; but the crop of 1849, to which the return of 1850 relates, was far below the average in some of the largest wheat-growing States ; so that we must not look upon | the last decennial increase as a fair measure of the progress of agricul- | ture. Last year, the wheat crop of the United States was from forty to | fifty millions of bushels above that of 1849. There need therefore be no misgiving as to the unlimited productiveness of America, should we re- quire a large supply in future. Compared with the production of Indian corn, the quantity of wheat seems so small as hardly to afford enough for home consumption. But we must remember, that throughout the greater part of the Union Indian corn is the staple article of food. It is worth while to notice also, that the increase in the production of wheat between | 1840 and 1850 was confined mainly to the Western States. In 1840, | Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin, contributed only 9,800,000 | bushels to the general aggregate ; in 1850, those four States produced up- wards of 25,000,000 bushels. The total produce of all kinds of grain in the United States, in 1850, was in round numbers 108,000,000 quarters ; rather more than double the estimated annual produce of the United King- dom, for a population nearly five millions larger. One may easily infer, therefore, how large a quantity of these abundant supplies would be ex- ported to Europe if the demand were urgent. One very remarkable item in the agricultural statistics of the United States is the large number of horses and horned cattle. In that respect, America presents a great contrast to this country. So far as can be ascer- tained from Parliamentary returns and other sources of information, it appears that there are altogether only about 1,500,000 horses in Great Britain. In the United States there are 4,335,358; nearly three to one. This great disparity is mainly owing, no doubt, to the wide extent of country over which the population is dispersed, and the consequent dis- tance of markets. In horned cattle there isa still greater superiority. In Great Britain the total number is estimated at about 5,220,000; in the United States there are, according to the last census, no fewer than 18,355,287. Assuming that the same proportion is annually slaughtered in America as in this country, and that the carcasses are about the same weight, the consumption of animal food must be about three or four times greater than it is in ey If such is the case, however, the digestion of the Americans must be at fault, for they do not look half so healthy as the majority of Englishmen do. As regards mutton the comparison is | in our favour. The number of sheep in the United States was 21,721,514 | in 1850 ; in Great Britain, taking the commonly received estimates, the | number of sheep is about 40,000,000 ; sothat the larger quantity of mut- ton which this indicates will partly make up for the deficient consumption of roast beef and other culinary preparations of the bovine family. NATIONAL INTEMPERANCE, Judging from the aspect of the floating po ion in the neighbour- hood of the gin-palaces, our annual Satereake ine said to have been cha- racterized by a much more profuse consumption of exciseable liquors this year than usual; and the result of this discovery, whether real or imagi- , has been a brisk discussion on national intemperance and the best means of suppressing it. samaeeenty of Christmas irregularities, the uestion has acquired additional importance lately, on account of the al- foged increase of drunkenness among the working classes during the last two years. In Ireland, it has been well ascertained that the Temperance movement has proved a total failure ; the consumption of spirits per head, last year, having been nearly double what it was in 1842. But in Great Britain, it was generally understood that the habits of the working classes | had improved considerably in this respect. The general tenour of the evi- dence given before the Select Committee on Public-houses last session was, that, in most of the large towns in England, excessive drinking has very much diminished. Mr, Alderman Wire, solicitor to the Licensed Victuallers’ Association, spoke strongly on this subject. According to that gentleman, the habits of the people have greatly improved within the last ten or twelve years, owing to the admirable manner in which the granting of licences is conducted by the Magistrates. He does not rest merely on his own experience or observation. For the purpose of show- ing how very much the consumption of intoxicating liquors has dimin- ished during the last thirty years, he presented two tables ; one showing the quantities of foreign and British spirits, beer, malt, and wine, re- spectively retained for home consumption, in each of the fifteen years ending in 1834; another showing the quantities consumed in each of the fifteen years ending in 1849. Taking ritish spirits alone, as furnishing | the most important data relating to British intemperance, it appears that | the quantity consumed in the United Kingdom in 1820 was 8,349,170 gallons, and that it rose to 23,397,806 gallons in 1834; 130 per cent above the proportionate increase in the population. The second table presents a much more satisfactory state of things. From 26,745,300 jilens in 1836, the national consumption of British | spirits had fallen off to 22,962,012 gallons in 1849, the last year compre- hended in the table ; and if we had no later evidence on the subject, we might conclude, with Mr. Alderman Wire, that the people are gradually | advancing in sobriety and temperance. Unfortunately for his licensing Sees, oweret, returns of the quantities of spirits consumed during the last t years have been published, and we are sorry to say, these do not bear out the argument of the agent for the licensed ‘edie, Du- ring the three years ending 5th January 1853, the consumption of British spirits in the United Kingdom has been, in 1851, 23,862,585; in 1852, 28,976,596 ; and in 1853, 25,200,879 gallons; and this too while the population has been becoming smaller rather than increasing. It is im- | possible to look at this fact without connecting it with the evidence from nearly all the manufacturing and mining districts, that increase of wages leads to increased drunkenness, Among the coal-miners especially, to whose insubordination the present dearth of fuel must be in no small | degree attributed, the increase of wages is said to have led in many aces to idleness and debauchery. To well-educated workmen, who ve acquired habits of saving, and who wish to improve their condition, | an increase of income will only act as an additional incentive to greater economy and industry. To those, on the contrary, who have never known the comfort of a well-ordered home, or the pleasure which springs from a feeling of independence, an increase of wages too frequently fur- nishes the means of indulging their natural love of eage, or of spending a larger portion of their time in the beer-house or the gin-palace. Consumption oF Coats 1n Lonpon.—The coal-merchants predict, that if the present winter prove to be a severe one, we may possibly see coals at from 50s, to 60s. per ton; a rate which would almost remind us of war times. Already they have risen to 39s. and 40s.; and-nobody can tell at what point they will stop. Yet, from all we can learn, the supply | of coals to London has been going on at a much brisker rate than the in- crease of population ought to have required. ‘Taking the three years 1833-’4-’5, we find from a late return that the aggregate quantity im- ported into London was 6,387,906 tons; giving an annual supply of 2,129,302 tons. During the three years ending in 1852, the aggregate quantity received by sea and railway was 11,772,446 tons; giving an annual supply of 3,924,148 tons. In sixteen years the consumption of coals appears to have increased about 82 per cent, while the population of the Metropolitan districts has increased only from 30 to 35 per cent. One way to account for this is by supposing that the reduction of price during the last few years has enabled the great mass of the people to make better fires, and thus has gradually led consumption to outstrip production. It will be some time before the old saving habits, which originated when coals were dear, can be resumed in most houses except those of the very poor. But if prices do not give way speedily, we may expect to see a very great falling-off in general consumption before many months have elapsed. Tue Corron Marxet.—Notwithstanding the lessened production of yarn and cloth in Lancashire, owing to the strikes at Preston, Wigan, and other towns, and the adoption of short time in most of those mills where the operatives are at work, the price of cotton does not decline. Com- pared with last year at this time, the cost of the raw material, instead of giving way, shows a slight advance. One cause of this is the falling off in the arrivals from the United States, and the consequent reduction of stocks in England. The American accounts state that the receipts at the ports on the 14th instant, were 447,000 bales less than those of the ape ceeding year at the same date. From the lst of January to the 24th of December 1853, we have imported 165,810 bales less than we did last year; which falling off has been more than made up, as regards quantity, by an increase of 271,000 bales from India; our importation from that quarter having reached nearly half a million bales this year. It might be supposed that this increase of India cotton would enable the spinners to dispense with an equivalent quantity of American cotton; but, unfortu- nately, the quality of the article renders this impossible. Only a certain proportion of “Surats” can be used; and the Liverpool cotton circulars of Wednesday state, that owing to the small arrivals from the United States lately, “the stock of American cotton is getting within a very small compass, and certain qualities can scarcely be met with at any price.” All this operates against the Preston operatives. Had cotton fallen a halfpenny or a penny per pound, while yarn and goods remained at the same figure as formerly, the employers could easily have afforded the “ten per cent,”’ nor would it have been necessary for them to maintain their combination against the men had business been so prosperous. But with dear cotton, dear oil and other materials, and no prospect of an im- proved demand for yarn and goods, it is utterly preposterous to ask for an advance of wages. How long the men may be able to stand out is be- yond calculation, but it seems almost certain that the masters will not give way, however long it may be. BIRTHS. On the 19th December, at Foremark Hall, Derbyshire, Mrs. Henry Allsopp, of a daughter. On the 22d, at Plymouth, the Wife of Captain Mends, H.M.S. Agamemnon, of a daughter. On the 22d, the Wife of the Rev. W. G. Wilson, Rector of Forncett St. Peter, of a son. On the 22d, in Dublin, the Lady Naas, of a son. On the 23d, at Hythe, Kent, the Wife of Lieutenant-Colonel Hay, of a daugh- ter. On the 26th, in Eaton Place, the Hon. Mrs. Parsons, of a daughter. On the 27th, at the Rectory of New Alresford, Hants, Lady Maria Brodie, Wife of the Rev. W. Brodie, of a daughter. MARRIAGES. } On the 27th August, at St. Paul’s Church, Wellington, New Zetland, Charles Daniel de Castro, only son of the late Samuel de Castro, Esq., of Wokingham, Berks, to Constantia, youngest daughter of E. D. Salisbury, Esq., late of Middleton Tower, Lancaster. On the 14th November, at Barrackpore, near Calcutta, Captain H. W. Craufurd, R.N., to Annabella, eldest surviving daughter of the late Very Rev. Edmund Goodenough, Dean of Wells, and of Mrs. Goodenougii, of Loughton, Essex. On the 20th December, at Bournemouth, Hants, the Rev. Edward Thring, Fellow of King’s College, Cambridge, and Head Master oi Uppingham Grammar School, to Caroline Maria Luise, daughter of the late Carl Johann Koch, of Bonn, of his Prus- sian Majesty’s Customs, Counsellor. On the 22d, at Bournemouth, Dorset, Harry Richard Parker, Esq., Hon. E.1.C.S., son of the late Major-General J. B. Parker, C.B., R.A., to Louisa Harriet, youngest daughter of the late Rear-Admiral John Duff Markland, C.B., K.L., of Handley House, Dorset. On the 22d, at All Souls’ Church, Marylebese, the Right Hon. Holt Mackenzie, of Wimpole Street, to Harriet, widow of Thomas Le Marchant, Esq., late of Aspeden Lodge, Herts. On the 24th, at the British Embassy, Paris, William Montagu Leeds, of the Fiftieth (Queen’s Own), and third son of Sir Joseph Leeds, Bart., to Emma, eldest daughter of Henry Hildyard, Esq., late of Rio Janeiro. DEATHS, On the 14th December, at Mallow Castle, Cork, Dame Katherine Cecilia Jane, wife of Sir Denham Jephson Norreys, Bart. Onthe 16th, at North Bank, St. John’s Wood, John Rose, Esq.; in his 100th ear. On the 19th, at Nice, Sir William Lowthrop, of Alga House, Scarborough, On the 21st, at Came House, Dorsetshire, Francis Richard Price, Esq. On the 22d, in Great Portland Street, Mrs. Elizabeth Ogborne; in her 90th year. On the 22d,-at Elliston House, Roxburghshire, Robert Heury Tulloh, Esq., of Elliston. On the 23d, in Suffolk Street, Pall Mall, the Dowager Lady Winnington. On the 24th, at Eastry Vicerage, the Rev. Ralph Drake Backhouse, M.A., Rural Dean and Vicar of Eastry-with- Worth, Kent. On the 25th, at Brasted Rectory, Kent, the Rev. William Hodge Mill, D.D., Re- gius Professor of Hebrew in the University of Cambridge, Canon of Ely, and Rector of Brasted. On the 25th, in Duke Street, Portland Place, Cordelia, wife of Sir George Jackson, K.C.H., her Majesty’s Commissary Judge at St. Paul de Loando, Africa; in her 77th year. On the 25th, Dr. James Gillkrest, Inspector-General of Army Hospitals. On the 27th at Bath, the Rev, William Jay; in his 85th year. XUM

Page 19

December 31, 1853.] THE SPECTATOR.

1263

MILITARY GAZETTE. War-orrice, Dec. 30.—4th Regt. of Foot—Lieut.-Gen. Sir J. Bell, K.C.B. from the 95th Regt. to be Col. vice Gen. Sir T. Bradford, G.C.B. deceased. 20th Foot— Major-Gen. N. Thorn, C.B. to be Col. vice Major-Gen. Sir H. Godwia, K.C.B, deceased. 95th Foot—Major-Gen. Sir F. Cockburn to be Col. vice Lieut.-Gen. Sir J. Bell, K.C.B. removed to 4th Foot. 14th Light Drags.—Brevet Lieut.-Col. J. L. Black, from half-pay Unatt. to be Major, vice W. Clarke, who exchanges; Brevet Major W. Wilmer to be Major by purchase, vice Black, who retires; Lieut. T. Bar- ret to be Capt. by purchase, vice Wilmer; Cornet C. W. Thesiger to be Lieut. by urchase, vice Barrett; J. Giles, Gent. to be Cornet, by purchase, vice Thesiger. st Regt. of Foot— Ensign C. Hurt to be Lieut. without purchase, vice Seroope, dec. ; Gent. Cadet H. G. White, from the Royal Mil. Coll. to be Ensign, without pur. vice Hurt. 5th Foot—J. C. Brown, Gent. to be Second Lieut. by pur. vice Tritton, ap- pointed to the 87th Foot. 1 vice Lord M. Kerr, promoted, by purchase, in the Ceylon Rifle Regt. ; Lieut. G. Tom- son to be Capt. by purchase, vice Evelegh ; Ensign W. H. M‘Neill to be Lieut. by rehase, vice Tomson; H. B. Vaughan, Gent. to be Ensign, by purchase, vice ‘Neill. 34th Foot—Lieut.-Col. C. F. Maxwell, from the 82d Foot, to be Lieut.-Col. vice Brown, who exchanges, 41st Foot—Lieut. C, ¥Y. Balguy to be Capt. by pur- chase, vice Tuckey, who retires ; Ensign J. W. Swaby to be Lieut. by purchase, vice Balguy; J. Stirling, Gent. to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Swaby. 61st Foot—Surg. L. C. Stewart, from the 94th Foot, to be Surgeon, vice Gammie, who exchanges. 68th Foot—Major H. Smyth to be Lieut.-Col. by purchase, vice Lord Arthur Len- nox, who retires; Capt. H.G. Wynne to be Major, by purchase, vice H. Smyth; Lieut. Hon. D. G. Finch to be Capt. by purchase, vice Wynne; Ensign F. Garforth to be Lieut. by purchase, vice Finch; Sir B. P. Henniker, Bart. to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Garforth. 82d Foot—Lieut.-Col. N. R. Brown, from the 34th Foot, to be Lieut.-Col. vice Maxwell, who exchanges. 87th Foot—Capt. A. Murray to be Major, by purchase, vice Brevet Lieut.-Col. Shortt, who retires; First Lieut. T. M. | M‘Clintock to be Capt. by purchase, vice Fitzgerald, who retires; First Lieut. G. Wolfe to be Capt. by purchase, vice Murray; Second Lieut. C. E. Goddard to be First Lieut. without purchase, vice M‘Clintock; Second Lieut. J. Wall to be First Lieut. by purchase, vice Wolfe ; Second Lieut. E. 8. Tritton, from the 5th Foot, to be Second Lieut. vice Goddard; J. R. Simpson, Gent. to be Second Lieut. by pur- chase, vice Wall. 94th Foot—Surg. P. Gammie, from the 6lst Foot, to be Surg. vice Stewart, who exchanges. 3d West India Regt.—Capt. G. F. Dukett, from half-pay Unatt. to be Capt. vice Macgregor, who exchanges. Ceylon Rifle Regt.— Major Lord Mark Kerr, from the 20th Foot, to be Lieut.-Col. by purchase, vice Simmonds, who retires.

Tuesday, December 27. PaRTNERSHIPs DissoLvep.— Wilson and Co. Leeds, commission-agents for woollen- | cloths—Raymond and Howeroft, Portland Terrace, Marylebone, auctioneers— Hard- ing and Co. Long Acre, carriage-lace-manufacturers; as far as regards W. Harding —Whitwill and Allward, Bristol, ship-chandlers—Rheinlander and Collins, Wat- ling Street, printers—Rylands and Buckland, Manchester, cotton-spinners— Mallaby and Townscnd, Liverpool, attornies—Stone and Kemp, Spital Square, Nortonfolgate, silk-manufacturers—Kenyon and Co. Sheffield, merchants; as far as regards C. Appleby—Turner and Co. Birmingham—Winkfield and Co. East Greenwich, cement- manufacturers—Summers and Son, Tabernacle Walk, stationers—Seago and Jack- son, Old Montague Street, Whitechapel, glass-manufacturers— Barton and Wigley, Nottingham, paper-box-makers—Mingaud and Capstick, Liverpool, estate-agents Sheldon and 8 , Shefficld, file-smiths—Laing and Dale, Glasgow; and Laing and Co. Liverpool, merchants—J*awes and Carter, Maddox Street, Hanover Square, grocers.

Baxkrvrts.—Joun Surru, King Street, Snowhill, stationer, to surrender Jan. 5, | Feb. 3: solicitors, Linklaters, Sise Lane; official assignee, Cannan, Aldermanbury— Joun Green, Portsea, draper, Jan. 9, Feb. 7: solicitors, Sole and Co. Alderman- bury; official assignee, Edwards, Sambrook Court—Witttam Howey, Gillingham, Kent, builder, Jan. 9, Feb. 7: solicitor, Stopher, Cheapside; official assignee, Ed- wards, Sambrook Court—Duxcan Jenxtns, Mile End Road, victualler, Jan. 4, Feb, 7: solicitors, Dimmock and Burbey, Suffolk Lane, Cannon Street; official assignee, Graham, Coleman Street—Joux Dent, Homerton, carpenter, Jan. 6, Feb. 9: soli- citors, Hillearys, Fenchurch Street; official assignee, Johnson, Basinghall Street— James Turner, High Street, Whitechapel, cheesemonger, Jan. 7, Feb. 18: solicitors, Ashurst and Sons, Old Jewry; official assignee, Nichclson, Basinghall Street — WiL- tm™ Bowen, Pickering, Yorkshire, tailor, Jan. 15, Feb. 9: solicitors, Noble, York ; Clarke, Leeds; official assignee, Young, Leeds—Henry Dawnen, Lincoln, butcher, Jan. 18, Feb. 8: solicitor, Chambers, Lincoln; official assignee, Carrick, Hull— Tromas Witk1xson, Openshaw, builder, Jan. 9, Feb. 6: solicitors, Halland Taylor, Staleybridge; Sale and Co. Manchester; official assignee, Fraser, Manchester— Tuomas omenneen, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, draper, Jan. 12, Feb. 16: solicitors, Sale and Co. Manchester; Griffith and Crighton, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; official as- signee, Baker, Newcastle-upon- Tyne. TVIDENDs.-—Jan. 18, Potter, Pimlico, lime-burner—Jan. 19, Hogan, Milford Haven, shipwright—Jan. 1%, Emerson, Durham, iron-founder—Jan. 19, Thompson, Allonby, Cumberland, brewer— Jan. 17, Hollinworth, Mottram-in-Longdendale, Cheshire, woollen-manufacturer — Jan. 28, Dicken, Hodnet, Shropshire, wool- stapler. Cerrirtcates.— Jo be granted, unless cause be shown to the contrary, on the day of meeting.—Jan. 17, Haviland, Denham, cowkeeper — Jan. 18, Morris, Tunbridge, cabinet-maker—Jan. 18, Horder, Wimborne, market-gardener—Jan. 18, Wrightson, High Street, Marylebone, grocer—Jan. 18, Gillard, New Street, Covent Garden, boot-maker—Jan. 18, Smith, Victoria Road, Kentish Town, victualler—Jan. 19, Thompson, Allonby, Cumberland, brewer—Jan. 17, Fenwick, Tynemouth, brewer— Jan, 19, Heap, Manchester, silk-printers—Jan. 27, Taylor, Derby, innkeeper—Jan. 18, Lynall, Birmingham, plumber—Feb. 13, Sherratt, Stoke-upon-Trent, grocer. Deciarations or Divipenps.—Lawson, Bury, draper; second div. of 8d. on Tuesday, Jan. 10, or any subsequent Saturday; Frazer, Manchester— Richardson and Co. Worsley, glass-manufacturers ; second div. of 10s. any Thursday; Christie, Birmingham— Harrison, Sunderland, linen-draper; first and second divs. of 3s. 8d. on new proofs, any Saturday; Baker, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

Friday, December 30. Panrtnersnips Dissonvep.—Aldred and Hayward, St. Martin's Lane, woollen- drapers— Thomas and Co. Catherine Street, Strand, advertising-agents— Wilkinson and Wildman, Bingley, Yorkshire, wool-comb-makers—Sutherland and Co. Minc- ing Lane, colonial-brokers—Lucey and Sons, Cox’s Quay, lightermen— Barnett, Lewisham, Carr, Lee, and Stott, Greenwich, surgeons; as far as regards H. Stott Atkin and Co. Sheffield, cutlers— Mackenzie and Co. Calcutta, auctioneers; as far as regards A. Parker and F. B. Patton— Poole and Co. Kingston-upon-Thames, malt- sters— Pogson & Taylor, Halifax, Yorkshire, carpenters—Smith and Co. Manchester, milliners— Wilkinson and Cotton, West Bromwich, carriers— Cockshott and Beck, Addingham, Yorkshire, cotton-spinners—Johnson and Allatt, Sheflield, upholster- ers—Harling and Nicholson, Mere, Yorkshire, earthenware-manufacterers —Orr and Hodge, proprietors of the ““ Home Companion ”—Flower and Wilks, Walsall, mil- lers— Dicksons and Co. Edinburgh, seed-merchants; as far as regards W. R. Dick- son—Dennistoun and Co. or Stanley Spinning Company, Glasgow ; as far as regards J., G., and J, Buchanan junior. Banxrvpts.—Tuomas Eastoate, Churton Street, Pimlico, boot-salesman, to sur- render Jan. 6, Feb. 10: solicitor, Story, Great James Street; official assignee, Whit- niore, Basinghall Street— Jonx Davisand SoLomon Davis, East Smithfield, clothiers, Jan. 12, Feb. 10 : solicitor, Levy, Arundel St.; official assignee, Cannan, Aldermanbury —Bensamin Vincent, Canterbury, boot-maker, Jan. 10, Feb. 9: solicitors, Stretton and Postens, Strand; official assignee, Bell, Coleman Street Buildings—Witt1am Cons, Maidstone, builder, Jan. 10, Feb. 7 ; solicitors, Stenning and Croft, Basinghall Street ; Stenning and Carnell, Tunbridge ; official assignee, Graham, Coleman Street — Tuomas Wittiam Tuame, Greenwich, ironmonger, Jan. 9, Feb. 11: solicitors, Bristow and Tarrant, Bond Court, Walbrook ; official assignee, Pennell, Guildhall Chambers— Witi1amM Leon, New Windsor, wine-merchant, Jan. 7, Feb. 11: solici- tors, Dimmock and Burbey, Suffolk Lane, Cannon Street ; official assignee, Pennell, Guildhall Chambers—Davw Pratt, Aston, Birmingham, thimble-maker, Jan. 12, Feb. 9: solicitor, Smith, Birmingham ; official assignee, Christie, Birmingham— Tuomas Buut, Bristol, ship-owner, Jan. 12, Feb. 9: solicitors, Bevan aud Girling, Bristol ; official assignee, Hutton, Bristol. Drvinenps,— Jan. 17, Richardson, Lombard Street, merchant—Jan. 26, Mus- ve, Ferdipand Street, Hampstead Road, embroiderer—Jan. 24, Brewster and est, Hand Court, Dowgate, printers—Jan. 24, R. and J. M. Spenceley, Wapping, sail-makers—Jan. 26, Hawkins, Farnham, grocer—Jan. 21, E. C. and E. W. Fyffe, Howford Buildings, Fenchurch Street, and E. Fyffe jun., Calcutta, merchants— Jan. 20, Streeter, Brighton, corn-merchant—Jan. 21, J. and J. Legge, Marlborough Road, Brompton, cabinet-makers—Jan. 21, Heath, Chesham, Buckinghamshire,

20th Foot—Capt. F.C. Evelegh to be Major, by purchase, | chemist—Jan. 21, Boxall, Brighton, coach-maker—Jan. 21, Fox, Cornhill, tailor —Jan. 21, Absalom, Portsmouth, coal-merchant—Jan. 23, English, Manchester, power-loom cloth-manufacturer—Jan. 23, Pinder, York, grocer. Crertiricarss.— 70 be granted, unless cause be shown to the contrary, on the day of meeting.—Jan. 24, R. and J. M. Spenceley, Wapping, sail-makers—Jan. 20, Foot, Bermondsey, victualler—Jan. 21, Hennet, Duke Street, Westminster, railway-con- tractor—Jan. 21, Hutchings, Park Street, Westminster, railway-contractor— Jan. 20, Pye, Manor Street, Chelsea, sawyer—Jan. 20, Thomas, Ebury Street, builder—Jan, 24, Booth, Commercial Road, Lambeth, ironmonger—Jan. 24, Bradstreet, Pearson Street, Kingsland Road, miller—Jan. 24, Lloyd, Wigmore Street, dress maker—Feb. 1, Williams, Llanelly, wine-merchant—Jan. 21, Hopkinson, Barlborough, Derby- shire, brick-maker. Dec.arations or Divipenps.— Voller, Portsea, builder ; first div. of 5s. 10jd. any Tuesday; Nicholson, Basinghall Street—Havers, Judd Street, draper ; first div. of 2s. 6d. any Tuesday; Nicholson, Basinghall Street—Chambers and Co. New Bo; Street, bankers; fourth and final div. of 2s. 10d. and fourth and final div. of 6}d. on the separate estate of Chambers sen. on Saturday next, and three subsequent Satur- days; Groom, Abchurch Lane—More, Birmingham, victualler; first div. of 2s. 5d. any Thursday; Whitmore, Birmingham—Cotterill and Hill, Walsall, merchants; final div. of ljd. any Thursday ; Whitmore, Birmingham— Richardson and Co. Wors- ley, glass-manufacturers ; first div. of 3s. on the separate estate of W. H. and B. Richardson, any Thursday; Christie, Birmingham— Bottomley, Marton, Lincola- shire, miller; first div. of 44d. any Tuesday ; Carrick, Hull, Scorch SequesrraTions.—Angus, Rosyth, Fifeshire, engineer, Jan. 10—M‘Ker- racher, Glasgow, house-painter, Jan. 10. PRICES CURRENT. ~ BKITISH FUNDS. (Closing Prices.) Saturd. Monday. Twesday. Wednes.,| Thurs. | Triday.

3 per Cent Consols..... erence. cocccocece shut _- — | ae Ditto for Account .... .« -» O4gexd 4 933 |} 3 93t 3 per Cents Keduced 33 | |; oy a | 93 we 34 per Cents ... | 93) | 2 | 58 } 933 | 95) wo) Long Annuities .. —_— | ¢ j— 53 — — Bank Stock, 8 per Cent.... | i; § 120 — |— | 2% India Stock, 10) per Cent..... shut | & —_— —_— i — Exchequer Bills, 24. per diem 6 pm } 6 — 7 } 8 India Honds 34 per Cent. ......eceseeees — | ji— — . \— FOREIGN FUNDS. (Last Official Quotation during the Week ending Friday Evening.) Austrian, ..cecscssceeeeees 5p.Ct; -—— | Mexican -3 p. Cty 24) Belgian. 45— | 95 | Mississippi — | _ Ditto... 23— | New Yo —- | — Brazilian... 6 =— | ys | Peruvian a | — 6— | 65 | Portuguese _ _ @— | — | Ditto. .... 3s-| « 46 — | 1024 | Russian. 46 — | 1128 32— |} 8 | Ditto ..... i- | “ aA | 64g Sardinian - | 60 BNCOO oc cc cccecccecccccces i- 964 Spanish - 46} t= —— | Ditto New De - 22 4,- —— =| Ditto (Passive) .......cssecececece “a Massachusetts (Sterling) .6 — | —— | Vemesuela ......ccccececene PT _ SHARES. (Last Official Quotation during the Week ending Friday Evening.) Raitware— Ban xs— ‘ Bristol and Exeter .......++++++* 98 Australasian .......6+-+++ 78 Caledonian .......++.++ Sag British North American —_ Edinburgh and Glasgow +} 65 Colonial . ...6+000+s000* — Eastern Counties ...... | 138 Commercial ef London . — Great Northern . ....+.se+eseeees Sai London and Westminster ....-. +) 40 Great South. and W reland..| lod London Chartd. Bok. of Australia} 1} Great Western ... --| 832 London Joint Stock.......+++++ — Hull and Selby ... «| 110 National of Ireland . —— Lancashire and Yorkshire eel 66} National Provincial... —_ Lancaster and Carlisle ...... eel 97 Provincial of Ireland. . 49 London, Brighton, & South Coast.! w Union of Australia,... ‘ 74 London and Blackwall. ....... .! cy Union of London, ....+«++++++++ 2 London and North-western . 104 MLxBe— | BEESIARS 20. ccccccsccccce coccees ] 63 | Brazilian Imperial .......++++++ iT} Midland Great Western (Ireland “9 Ditto (St. John del Rey 33 North British . 1... ..6sccceseres 304 Cobre Copper ..+...++. 46 Oxford, Wor. and Wolverhampton)! 364 Colonial Gold .. | 1 Scottish Central. ......secececee g2 Nouveau Monde, ......0+eeeeeee 1 South-eastern and Dover .! 62) MISCELLAN BOUe— South-western ......-+-++« os 77k | Australian Agricultural ......+- | 43 York, Newcastle, and Berwic 64 Camada .....cccseeceee so York and North Midland ........ 46) Crystal Palace . 6} Docks— General Stee m East and West India _ Peel River Land and Mineral .. | 5 London 113 Peninsular and Oriental Steam.) 67 ex d. St. Katherine —_— Royal Mail Steam... es — Victoria — South Australian .. 36fexd. BULLION. Per oz. METALS. Per ton. Poreign Gold in Bars, Standard ....£3 17 9 Copper, British Cakeszl26 0 0., 000 Foreign Gold in Coir 0 Iron, Welsh Bars, .... wo00.,.«mw@ 6 0 New Dollars 0) | Lead, British Pig..... 24 0 0 .. 24 5 @ Silverin Bars, | Steel. Swedish heg... 1810 0., 0 0 @ GRALN, Mark Lane, December 30. i toes toro4i | Maple Soto 82 | Onte, Peed .. 241038 Wheat, R.New 620063 Rye ...+s005 40todd ape... 2 ’ - Fine ....... 66 —70 Harley TIN go—a6 | White .... 56—60 | Fine .. 26—37 Old ,. . 57—65 Malting .. 40-42 \ Boilers .., 6)—-65 | Poland ,,, 28-29 White ..... 64—68 | Malt, Ord 68—72 | Beans, Ticks. 40—44 | Fine 2—w " ‘’ 4 Old ....005 44—48 | Potato...¢ 30-31 Fine ., 31-33

| indian Corn. 37 —47 ror WEEKLY AVERAGE. For the Week ending December 24,

AVERAGE PRICES OF CORN.

er Qr. (Imperial) of England and Wales. —. te Sd. ~y 3s. 104. | Wheat.... 70s. Od. | Rye..... asse She. 44 Barley.... 40 2 - 6 3 | Barley ..... 37 UL Beans »~« Oats... 25 7 Peas ....... 62 U Ole cevceee 2.60 Peas 6 FLOUR. PROVISIONS. Town-made .....++++++ per sack 70s. to 73s.' Butter—Best Fresh, 16« Od. per dos. BOCONAS 2. ce ccsesecsescececece 65 Carlow, 41. 18s. to 5i. 2s. per ewt. Essex and Suffolk, on board ship 60 — 63 | Bacon, Irish ..... «per cwt. 60s, to 62, Norfolk and Stockton ......+++« 55 — 58 | Cheese, Cheshire «.sesss-+eres - 6 — 83 American ......++ per barre] 32 — 40 Derby Plain ... -. 62 — 6 Canadian .....0-<sseeseress 332 — 40 Hams, York .....«++ etevececsess 66 06 Bread, 9d. to 10}d. the 4b. loaf. Eggs, French, per 120, 6s, 64. to 8». 6d, BUTCHERS’ MEAT. Cuseaeege” Heap or Cartes at

Newoare snp Leapenmact.* s. ¢ a @ 6. 4 s. 4. 4. ee, Beef .. 210 to3 Btod O wo. 2IOt4 404 5 ay. onaay- Mutton. 3 4—310—4 4 oo. @ O—410—5 2) Beasts. T8O ..eee if Veal .. 3 4—4 O— 4 B weer 3 8—4W—5 2 Sheep. 3,740 sesee 7,100 Pork .. 3 8—4 4—S5 © w+. 4 4— 4 O— 5 O Calves. 73. . 116 Lamb... 0 O0—0 0—0 O 44. O09 OO OO O Pigs... BO nccee 60 * To sink the offal, per 5 Ib. WooL Kent Pockets... ...+.ssseeeee . to 240s. [Down and half-bred Hogs per Ib, 164. to Wd, Choice ditto .. — 360 Wether and Bwe.......--+eser “bs Sussex ditto .. — 210 |Leloester Hogget and W ether uw Farnham ditto ° —- 0 Skin Combing. ...++++++++++++e++ is — ND STRAW. Per Load of 36 Trusses.) — ‘ Sairuriece. Wuirrouarst. CUMBERLAND. to 115s. .cceseseeses Os. to 105

Hay, Good .. ssesececeees D058 ‘ . Inferior . 46 — 92 so — 70 =- © o-— 0 Clover ....sseee - ls —130 75 —116 Wheat Straw 3s — 3% 42 ILS, COALS, CANDLES. GROCERIES. Rape on — poaaneecd percwt. £2 5 6 |Tea, Souchong, fine,per Ib. 1s. 07. to os, Refined ......sceeereeceseecees 280 es " ecesvccecce ° : : - 3 ; Imseed OF) oo cecceneceeeeenees - ws ekoe, Howery....«+«++ - Linseed Ol 0 o| *'In Bond—Duty 1s. 104. per Ib, per 1000 14 Linseed Oil-Cake ° 7a. Od, to 7s. 6d, Candles, per dozen .. Moulds, er dozen Coals, Hetton T | Coffee, fine (in bond) per cwt. 665. to 4s. Od, Good Ordinary .....+.+++++ 40%. — Sle. O4, } +, Muscovado, per cwt... 24s. 6% Wast| se cee 16s. O4, to 180, 6%,

Page 20

1264 THE SPECTATOR. (Saturday,

LYMPIC THEATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. Atrrep Wioan. On Monpay, Jan. 2nd, and during the week, THE CAMP AT THE OLYM- PIC, (characters as before), with THE WANDERING MINSTREL. After which will be presented a New Grand Comic’Christmas Historico-Geographical Pantomime, entitled HARLEQUIN COLUMBUS; or THE OLD WORLD AND THE NEW. Harlequin, Mr. F. Moreland; Columbine, Miss Wyndham ; Clown, Mr Rochez; Pantaloon, Mr. W. Rochez. Doors open at Seven, commence at Half-past Seven. First Price—Stalls, 5s.; Boxes, 4s.; Pit, 2s.; Gallery, 1s. Second Price at Nine o’Clock—Boxes, 2s.; Pit, 1s.; Gallery, 6d. Private Boxes, 2/. 2s. and U. 1s. » ‘4 Al » HE EXHIBITION OF THE ELE- MENTARY WORKS of STUDENTS in all the Schools of Art of the Departments of Science and Art, both Self-sup- porting and Subsidized, will be opened at Kensington Gore, pe Tvesvay, Decemper 27.—Aduwmission FREE, daily, from 10 till 4. N THE HUMAN FORM.—EIGHT LECTURES, by JOHN MARSHALL, Esq. FRCS. Assistant-Surgeon to University College Hospital, will be de- livered at the DEPARTMENT of SCIENCE and ART, MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, on TUESDAY EVENINGS, as follows, at 9 o'clock. Lecture I.—3d Jan.—The HUMAN FORM considered as an Object of Art. Lecture II.—1l0th Jan.—The HARD or ANGUT. MENTS of the HUMAN FORM. The BO? JOINTS. Lecture III.—17th Jan.—The SOFT or ROUND ELEMENTS ofthe HUMAN FORM. The MUSCLES, SKIN, and IN- TERPOSED STRUCTURES. Lecture IV.—2ith Jan.—The FORMS of the TORSO. Lecture V.—31st Jan.—The FORMS of the LIMES. Lecture VI.—7th Feb.—The FORMS of the HEAD and NECK.

AR ELE- 25 with the

Lecture VII.—l4th Feb.—The VARIETIES of the HUMAN M, dependent on Sex, Age, Character, Nation, and ce. Lecture VIII.—2ist Feb.—The HUMAN FORM, as influ- enced by the Will, the Passions, Disease, Sleep, and Death. Tickets of Admission to the Course of Eight etures, 4s. ; or Is. each Lecture ; to be had at the Offices.

] OARD OF TRADE.—DEPARTMENT of SCIENCE. The following COURSES of LECTURES are about to be commenced at the METROPOLITAN SCHOOL of SCIENCE applied to MINING and the ARTS. Thirty Lectures on APPLIED MECHANICS, by Professor WILLIS, F.R.S. commencing 4th January, at 12 o'clock. Thirty-six Lectures on GEOLOGY, by Professor RAMSAY, K.S.; commencing 5th January, at 10 o'clock. Fifty Lectures on METALLURGY, by Dr. PERCY, P.R.S.; commencing 6th January, at 11 o'clock. Twenty-four Lectures on PALEONTOLOGY, by Professor E. FORBES, F.R.S. ; commencing 6th January, at 1 o'clock. Fifty Lectures on MINING, by W. W. SMYTH, M.A.; com- menting 9th January, at 3 o'clock. The CHEMICAL and METALLURGICAL LABORA- TORIES will REOPEN for the WINTER SESSION on the 4th January. Officers of the Army and Navy, (in the Queen's or H. E.1. Company's Service,) Acting Mining Agents or Managers, Members of the Cullege of Preceptors, and Certifi- cated Schoolmasters, can attend the Lectures at half the usual charges. For further information apply to Tarnuam Reexs, Regis- trar, at the Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn Strcet. “] » R. ROCHE’S EDUCATIONAL IN- STITUTES for YOUNG LADIES, Cadogan Gardens, and Ye Audley Street. (Eighteenth year.) Frenc story, Geography, and } AStFONOMY .......00.s0. +200. J Mt Roche. German,aud History of Fine Arts Dr. Kinkel. Italian ...... + Signor biazzi. English Mr. Holiday. Signori Marras and Verra, and Mr. E. C. May. M. Benedict and Mr. L. Sloper.

Piano and Harmony... Drawing and Painting +» Mr. James Doyle. DEER ovcccnccccacceccacs sees Mad. Michau Davis. Applications to be addressed to Mr. A. Roche, Cadogan Gardens. . y ATRIMONIAL INSTITUTION, Founded in 1846.—This institution has been established many years (with great success) as a medium for the introduc- tion parties unknown to each other, who are desirous of forming Matrimonial Alliances, but who, from some cause or other, cannot find partners In their own cirele ofacquaintance, suitable in position, &e. The strictest honour and secresy is maintained in every case.—Prospectuses, application forms, rules, and every information, sent free to any name, initials, or address, on receipt of twelve pustage-stamps. By order of the Directors, LAURENCE CUTHBURT. 12, John Street, Adelphi, London, NOTICE OF DIVIDEND. ANK OF DEPOSIT, NATIONAL ASSURANCE and INVESTMENT ASSOCIATION, 7, St. Martin’s Place, Trafalgar Square, London. Established A.D. 1844. The WARRANTS for the HALF-YEARLY Interest, at the rate of 5 per cent per annum, on the Investment Stock of this Institution, to the 3lst Decemper, will be ready for DE- IVERY on and after 9th Janvany, and payable DALLY be- tween the hours of 11 and 3. Parties residing ata distance may have the Warrants and proper Receipts forwarded for signatare; the amount will then be paid on presentation at the Head Offices, in London, or transmitted in any other way to suit the convenience of

Depositors. PETER MORRISON, Managing Director. 24th Dec. 1853. Prospectuses free on application. OLICITORS’ AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. 52, Chancery Lane, London. SUBSCRIBED CAPITAL, ONE MILLION. Trrs Socicry PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING ADYANTAGES— The security of a subscribed Capital of ONE MILLION. Exemption of the Assured from all liability. Premiums affording particular advantages to young lives. Participating and Non-Participating Premiuins. In the former EIGHTY PER CENT or FOUR-FIFTHS of the profits are divided amongst the Assured triennially either by way of addition to the sum assured, or in diminution of Premium at their option No deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for | interest on Capital, for a Guarantee Fund, or on any other account. POLICIES FREE OF STAMP-DUTY and INDISPUTA- BLE, except in case of fraud, At the General Meeting, on the Sst of May last, a BONUS was declared of nearly Two rex Cent per annum on the amount assured, or at the rate of from THIRTY to upwards of SIXTY per cent on the Premiums paid. POLICIES share in the Profits, even if ONE PREMIUM ONLY has been paid. Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856. The Directors mect on Tuvaspays, at 2 o'clock. Assurances may be effected by applying on any other day, between the hours of 10 and 4, at the Office of the Society , where prospec- tuses and all other requisite information can be obtained. CHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary.

Money received at 5 per cent Interest, payable Lialf-ycarly, in April and October. U . ; ]LOUSEHOL DERS’ LIFE ASSURANCE CCMPANY. Capital, 250,000/. Trustees. The Right Hon. Thomas Milner Gibson, M.P. John W. Childers, Esq. Charles Hulse, Esq. Wm. B. Glasse, Esq. Q.C. Richard G. Welford, Esq. William Ashton, Esq. F. D. B. Webster, Esq INVESTMENTS. Money intended for investment only is received on deposit, at interest, after the rate of 5 per cent per annum, at the Oftices of the Company, between the hours of 10 and 4. R. HODSON, Secretary. 15 and 16, Adam Street, Adelphi.

INSTIT ) 1831. , - . rem x Qcorrisy EQUITABLE LIFE hI ASSURANCE SOCIETY. Incorporated by Royal Charters and Special Act of Parliament. Head Office — EDINBURGH, 26, St. Andrew's Square. Manager—Robert Christie, Esq. LONDON, 126, Bishopsgate Strect, Cornhill. GLASGOW, 103, St. Vincent Strect. The Scottish Equitable Life Assurance Society is an insti tution peculiarly adapted to afford Provision for Families. It was established in the year 1831, upon the principle of MU- TUAL CONTRIBUTION, the Surplus or Profit being wholly divisible am ng the Members; and the Additions which have been made to Policies at the periodical investigations of the Socicty afford satisfactory evidence the prosperity of the institution, and the great advantages derived by its Mem- bers. The following examples exhibit the Additions already nade. A Policy for Opened in BRGGR, ccccsencs 1832, is now increased to £1508 9 4 ° 1836, is now increased to M07 18 1 -. 1840, is now increased to 1297 15 7 The Protits are ascertained and Divided Triennially amongst Policies of more than Five Years’ duration. The Annual Revenue is upwards of 140,000/ The Amount of Assurances in force is upwards of 4,000,0007. sterling. The Amount Paid to the Representatives of Deceased Mem- bers exceeds 500,0001. sterling. The Total Amount of Vested Additions allocated to Policies exceeds 600 ,00°1, The Accumulated Fund is upwards of 760,0000. Loans granted to Members to the extent of the Office Value of their Policies. Copies of the Annual Report, Forms of Proposal, and all information, may be had on application at any of the So- ciety’s Offices, in Town or Country. W. COOK, Agent, December 1853. 126, Bishopsgate Street, London. ENERAL INDEMNITY IN- SURANCE COMPANY, Provisionally Registered, and to be Incorporated by Royal Charter or Act of Parliament, for the Guarantee against Losses arising from Robberics, Forgeries, uds, Debts, Insolvency, Fire, and Non-payment of Rent. Life Assurance also is effected on improved and safe principles. Capital, 500,000. (with power to increase to 1,000,007.) in 100,000 Shares of 5/. each ; Deposit, 1/. per Share. Offices, Cannon Strect West, London. Solicitors—Messrs. Humphreys, Son, and Morgan. Secretary—W illiam H. Longmore, Esq. This Company has been established fur the purpose of con bining in one office, and concentrating under one manage ment, the various modes in which the principle of Insurance is capable of being applied. The business of the General Indemnity Insurance Company comprises all the forms of Insurance at present in action, and includes some new and important features not previously brought before the public. These are divided between its three main departments in the following manner. lst. Insurance against Robberies, Forgeries, Frauds, &c. 2d. Insurance against Losses by bad Debts, and guarantee of Rents. This department includes the Collection of Debts and Rents without guarantee, ata moderate commission. The winding-up of Bankrupt and Insolvent Estates, and advances to Assurers, on the security of unrealized aasets not imme- diately available, and the purchase and sale of Estates. 3d. Fire and Life Insurance in all its branches. Insurances to Mortgagers, providing for repayment of mortgage-money ; Annuities and Loans to Policy-holders on real and personal security. The Fire Department includes a new feature of considerable importance—insurance against loss of Business Profits in consequence of Fire. For each of these Departments a special Prospectus is prepared, to which the public are referred for the minute de- tails. Applications for Shares, Prospectuses, and Agencies, to be addressed to the Secretary. Agents wanted in all parts of the Kingdom.

INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER AND SPECIAL ACT OF PARLIAMENT. NoO&ktH BRITISH INSURANCE se COMPANY. 4, NEW BANK BUILDINGS, LOTHBURY. President—His Grace the Duke of Sutherland, K.G. Sir Peter Laurie, Alderman, airman, °E INSURA S. ANNUAL BONUS Policies effected before the 31st of DECEMBER NEXT will in the Profitsof SIX YEARS at the SE NIAL SION in 1858; and in the event of becoming Claims earlier, are guaranteed in a PROSPECTIVE BONUS of ONE per CENT on the Sum Insured for each Premium paid. SPECIMEN OF THE BONUSES ADDED TO POLICIES TO 1851.

Date of Sum Policy. Insured. Bonuses. Amount. £ & « ¢@ Sad. 1825 5000 ..... 1996 2 4 6926 2 4 1825 . 2000 770 9 9 2770 9 9 1828 . « BOBO -coce 1008 8 6 cocee 4038 2 4 EXE TION FROM STAMP-DUTY AND INCOMB-

TAX.—Policies are now issued by this Office Free of Charge for Stamp-duty; and by the Act 16 and 17 Vic. ¢. xxxiv. An- nual Premiums securing Life Assurances or Deferred An- nuities, effected by any pers n on his own life or on the life of his wife, are exempted from Income-tax. Prospectuses, with Tabksof Rates, and full particulars, may be obtained of the Secretary, 4, New Bank Buildings, London, or from any of the Agents of the Company. ROBERT STRACHAN, Secretary. 4, New Bank Buildings. >) , a y 7 , YERFECT CURE of STAMMERING effected on a principle which is painless, perfect, and per- manent. These are the main points of the cure; and they are certain, as well as attended with a moderate expense. Much may be pretended by superticial novelties, but those who try them will find their fallacy. For testimonials, with personal references to the clergy, nobility, and graduates of the Universities, address to Omega, (formerly a student with the late very eminent Thelwall, and now of twenty-two years’ standing in a universally successful practice,) Ebers’s Library, Old Bond Street. x y y \ R. HALSE’S FIVE-GUINEA APPA- 4 RATUSES are now ready.—Invalids are solicited to send to Mr. Wm. H. Halse, 22, Brunswick Square, London, for his pamphlet on MEVICAL GALVANISM, which will be forwarded free, on receipt of two postage-stamps. In it will be found particulars of cures of asthma, rheumatism, sciatica, tic doloureux, paralysis, spinal complaints, headache, defi ciency of nervous energy, liver complaints, general debility, indigestion, stiff joints, nervous disorders, &c. Mr. Halse’s method of applying the galvanic fluid is quite free from all unpicasant sensation. Terms—One Guinea per week. The above pamphlet contains his Letters on Medical Galyanism,

6 x o " . > PES DERS, STOVES, and FIRE- IRONS.—Buyers of the above are uested, before finally deciding, to visit WILLIAM 8. BURTON’S SHOW- ROOMS, 39, Oxford Street (corner of Newman Street), Nos. 1 and 2, Newman Street, and Perry's Piace. They are the largest in the world, and contain such an assortment of FEN- DERS, STOVES, RANGES, FIRE-IRONS, and GENEKAL IRON MONGERY, as cannot be approached elsewhere, either for variety, novelty, beauty of design, or exquisitencss of workmanship. Bright Stoves, with bronzed ornaments and two sets of bars, 27. lds. to Sl. 10s.; ditto, with ormolu orna- ments and two sets of bars, 5/. 10s. to 127, 128.; Bronzed Fen- ders complete, with standards, from 7s. to 3l.; Steel Fenders from 21, 15s. to 6/.; ditto, with rich ormolu ornaments, from 2l. 15s. to 71. 7s. ; Fire-irons, from 1s. 9d. the set to 4l. 4s. Syl- vester a ll other Patent Stoves, with radiating hearth plates. All which he is enabled to scll at these very reduced charges, Virst—From the frequency and extent of his pur- chases ; and Secondly—From those purchases being made ex- clusively fur cash. a r r > ] ISH- COVERS and HOT- WATER DISHES inevery material, in great variety, and of the newest and most recherché patterns. Tin Dish-Covers, 6s. 6¢. the set of six; Block Tin, 12s, 3d. to 28s. 9d. the set of six ; ele- gant modern patteras, $48. Od. to 58s. 6d. the set; Britannia metal, with or without silver-plated handles, 76s. to 110s. éd. the set ; Sheffield-plated, 10/. to 16/. 10s. the set; Block Tin Hot-Water Dishes, with wells for gravy, 12s. to 30s.; Bri tannia metal, 22s. to 77s.; Electro-plated on Nickel, full size, 1M. Ils. s + r YAS CHANDELIERS AND J BRACKETS.—The increased and increasing use of Gas in Private Houses has induced WILLIAM 8. BURTON to collect fr the various manufacturers all that is New and Choice in Brackets, Pendants, and Chandeliers, adapted to offices, passages, and dwelling-rooms, as wellas to have some designed expressly for him; these are now ON SHOW in one of his TEN LARGE ROOMS, and present, for novelty, variety, and purity of taste, an unequalled assortment. They are marked in plain figures, at prices proportionate with those which have tended to make his Ir ry Establish at the largest and most remarkable in the kingdom, viz. from 12s. 6d. (two light) to Sixteen Guineas. AMPS OF ALL SORTS AND PAT- TERNS.—tThe Largest, as well as the Choicest Assort- ment in existence of PALMER'S MAGNUM and other LAMPs, CAMPHINE, ARGAND, SOLAR, and MODERA- TEUR LAMPS, with all the latest improvements, and of the newest and most recherché patterns, in ormolu, Bohemian, and plain glass, or papier miché, is at WM. 8. BURTON'S, and they are arranged in one large room, so that the patterns, sizes, and sorts can be instantly selected. PALMER'S CANDLES, 8jd. a pound.—Palmer's Patent Candies, all marked “ Palme s. d. Single or double wicks ...... ««+ © 8 per pound Mid. size, 3 wicks.. coe 8 D8 e Magnums, 3 or 4 wic ° 93 eo English Patent Camphine, in .. & 9 pergallon Best Colza Oil «2.2... eee eeeeeeeee evcosss & 8 o WILLIAM 8S. BURTON HAS TEN LARGE SHOW- ROOMS, (all communieating,) exclusive of the Shop, devoted solely to the show of GENERAL FURNISHING IRONMON- GERY, (including Cutlery, Nickel Silver, Plated and Japan- ned Wares, Iron and Brass Bedsteads,) so arranged and classi - fied that purchasers may easily and at once make their selec tions. Catalogues, with Engravings, sent (per post) free. The money returned for every article not approved of. 39, OXFORD STREET, (corner of Newman Street); Nos 2 and 2, NEWMAN STREET; and 4 and 5, PERRY'S PLACE. TA > : TKINSON and BARKER’S ROYAL ve INFANTS’ PRESERVATIVE.—Mothers, call at your druggist’s, and purchase a bottle of the above. It is the best medicine in the world for infants and young children, for the prevention and cure of those disorders incident to infants; affordiog instant relief in convulsions, flatulency, affections of the bowels, difficult teething, &c. &c., and may be given with safety immediately after birth. It is no misnomer cordial —no stupefactive deadly narcotic—but a veritable preserva- tive of infants. Mothers would act wisely in always keeping it in the nursery. Prepared only by Rosenr Marker, Kow- don, near Manchester, (Chemist to her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria,} in bottles, at 1s. 14d. 2s. 9d. and 4s. 6d. each. CAUTION.—Observe the names of “ Atkinson and Barker” on the Government stamp. Tr » x UMBER ONE ST. PAUL’S az CHURCHYARD. THE BEST IS THE BEST, but few people get hold of the best, because many are deceived by an appearance of cheapness Strength, quality, flavour, and moderation in price, unite to signalize the goods supplied at “‘ Number One,” and to dis- tinguish them as the best value, whatever may be the state of the markets. Per Pound, 2d

2

Congou Tea, the best that is sold, at........ o Seectewe 3s. Congou, strong and full flavoured, the best that is BINA, AL... -cecccccseee soesevesseecseeseess evcces s Good Gunpowder, pst that is s > 40 Native Ceylon Coffee, the best that is sould 010 Fine Plantation, the best that is sold, at .... . 2 oe 3 All these are, as well as the best of all Teas and Coffees, supplied b: DAKIN and COMPANY, TEA-MERCHANTS, and PATENTEES for ROASTING COFFEE in SILVER CYLINDERS, NUMBER ONE SAINT PAUL'S CHURCHYARD. +6 rY « Fu TY years’ dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sick- ness at the stomach, and vomitings, from which I had suf- fered indescribable agony, have been removed by DU BAR- RY’S excellent health. restoring food.—Maria Jolly, Wortham, Ling, near Diss, Norfolk.”—In canis*ers, suitably packed for all climates, and with full instructions—lLlb. 2s. .; 2bs, 4s. 6Gd.; 5Sibs. Ils. ; 122bs. 226.; super-refined, 5ibs. 22s. ; 101bs, 33s. The 10lbs. and 12Ibs. carriage free 200 miles, on receipt of post-office order. Barry pu Barry and Co. 77, Regent Street, London; Fortnum, Mason, and Co. 182, Piccadilly ; Hedges and Butler, 155, Regent Street ; also at 330 and 451, Strand ; 54 Upper Baker Street ; 5, Eccles Street , Pimlico. TTT > SSA hl Aa y + YUPTURES EFFECTUALLY CURED ) WITHOUT A TRUSS.—AL sufferers from this alarm- ing complaint are invited te consult or write to Dr. LESLIE, as he guarantees them relief in every case. His remedy has been successful in curing thousands during the last 11 ycars, and is applicable to every kind of single and double rupture, however bad or long standing, in male or female of any age, causing no confinement or inconvenience in its use. Sent post - free, with instractions for use, to any part of the world, on re- ceipt of 7s. 6d. in stamps, cash, or Post-office order, payable at the General Post-oftice, to Dr. Heavent Lesiie,37 a, Manches- ter St. Gray’s Inn Road, London, where he may be consulted daily, Sundays excepted, 11 till l,and 5 till 7. Extra postage for a 2 oz. packet, fur foreign orders, must be sent.

XUM

Page 21

December 31, 1853.] THE SPECTATOR. 1265

EW AND CHOICE BOOKS.—All the | i best NEW WORKS may be had in succession from MU- DIE’S SBLECT LIBRARY by every Subscriber of One Guinea per annum, and by all First Class Country Subscribers of Two Guineas and upwards. For Prospectuses apply to Cuaates Epwaap Muniz, 510, New Oxford Street. EW AND CHOICE BOOKS.

From SIXTY to SIX HUNDRED COPIES of each of | the following ae are in Circulation at MUDIE’S SE LECT LIBRA se yas el the Black | | Ruskin’ 's Fall of Venice. Bremer's Impressions of Ame- Margaret. Avillion, and other Tales. | Lord Grey's Colonial Policy. Esmond. rica. My Novel. Napoleon at St. Helena. Chamois Hunting in Bavaria. Thackeray's English Hu-)| Albert Smith's Storyof Mont mourists. | Blane. Parkyns's Residence in Abys- | The Insurrection in China. sinia } Christie Johnstone. Once upon a Tim Ruth. Bartlett's Pilgrims of New { Villette. Keppel's Indian Archipelago. The Cloister Life of Charles the Fifth. England. High and Low. By Hon. H Coke. Layard’s Second Visit to! Galton’s South Africa. Nineveh. Alexander Smith's Poems. ——e Fruit off an Old Palliser’s Rambles in the Prairies ianuke of B. R. Haydon,)| Mrs. Meredith's Home in Tas Thomas Moore, Richard mania Willioms, C. J. Fox, Jef. | Lorenzo Benoni. frey, De Quincey, &c. Miall's Bases of Belief. Oakfield. By a Punjabec. De Sauicy’s Bible Lands. ‘Tents of the Tuski. Legends of the Madonna. Cranford. Single Subscription, One Guinea per annum; First-class Country Subscriptions, Two Guineas and upwards, according to the number of volumes required. Prospectuses may be obtained on on Cnances Eowanp Mvpie, 510, New Oxford Street. Hypatia The Art-Student in Munich. Ailieford | Alison's Europe, New Series. The Story of Corfe Castle | Records of Alderbrooke, &c WINTER ov OVERCOATS, AND CAPES. | —Superior Garments at reduced charges, one of the largest stocks in Londen, all thoroughly waterproof, also of ditte for youths, at W. BERDOE’s, 96, NEW BOND

STREET, and 69, CORNHILL ; nowhere else \ ESSRS. NICOLL, REGENT &TREET. 4 —In England, or from France and German he best talent in cutting, workmanship, and moteria cured |

for the use of gentlemen by this firm, whocombine ex with economy. as illustrated in the PATENT TWO-GUID PALETOT, sold in the country and colonies by their recog nized Agents, but in London ONLY at 22, Cornhill, and the principal depot in the centre of Regent Street—viz. Nos 114, 116, 118, and 120.

ADIES’ (DHIVER) COSTUME DU | 4 BAL, GALON D'OR, and PASSEMENTERIE FLOUN- CING, in Gold and Silver Ornament on various Coloured Tartatans and other Light Fabrics. These , so highly approved in Paris, F-vening Parties of the beau monde, the Selling Off at this Establishment. Some of the less lavishly decorated will be sold at 18s. the dress, but it must be recollected that this will be less than half the real value ; and the same remark will apply to the Silks, Shawls, Mantles, and Fam ly Linen, which, through the ———- ut from business of Mr. Meanerr, must be suld immediate! ly. WARWICK HOU SE, 142 and 114, Regent Btreet ( SLER’S CRYSTAL GLASS CHAN- DELIERS, for GAS and CANDLES —A great variety of the newest designs alwys on view at 44, Oxford Street, Also, a large assortment of Glass Lustres, Decanters, Wine glasses, Dessert Services, and every description of table glass, at very moderate prices. A large and choice collection of Ornamental Glass of the newest description suitable for Christmas presents. Export and furnishing orders executed with despateh.—44, Oxford Street; Manufactory, Broud Street, Birmingham —Established 1#07. YEAR'S EIDER DOWN HE most comfortable NEW and the most cle PRESENT is Hrat and Son's QUILT. It isthe warmest, the lightest, zamt Covering, suitable for the Bed, the Couch, or the Car riage ; and for Invalids, its comfort cannot be too highly ap preciated. It is made in three varicties, of which a large as sortment can be seen at their Establishment. Lists of prices of the above, together with the Catalogue of Bedsteads, sent free by post. Hracand Sox, Bedstead and Bedding Mapu- facturers, 196, Tottenham Court Koad 7 5 > PRECAUTIONS AGAINST CHOLERA. —Places in gardens converted into comfortable Water- closets by the PATENT HERMETICALLY-SEALED PAN, with its self-acting valve, entire ly preventing the return of cold air or effftuvia, Any carpenter can fix it in two hours, Price WU. Patent Hermetically-sealed Inodorous Chamber Commodes, MU. 4s, 21. 6s. and 3/.; also, Improved Portable Water-closets, with pump, cistern, and self-acting valve. A Prospectus, with Engravings, forwarded by enclosing two stamps.—At Fyreand Co.'s, 2, Tavistock St. Covent Garden. ] 0 YOU WANT LUXURIANT I and all the

HAIR, WHISKERS, &c.?—-EMILY DEAN'S CRINI- -ENE, many years establish as the only preparation that can be relied upon for the Restoration of Hair in Baldness from any cause, preventing hair falling off, strengthening weak hair, checking Greyness, and for the production of Whiskers, Moustachios, Eyebrows, &c. in 3 or 4 weeks with certainty. It is an elegantly-sceated compound, price 2s. ; and sent, post-free, on receipt of 24 stamps, by Miss Draw, 374, Manchester St. Gray's Inn Road. At home, daily, 11 till 7, Sundays excepted.—“I have used your Crinilenc, and have now a good pair of whiskers.”"— Hices, Dudley.—* It has certainly improved my ha J. Tnomrson, Durham.— “It effectually checked the gre —L. Eve, Bath ] OLLOWAY’S PILLS, A CERTAIN CURE for BILIOUS and LIVER COMPLAINTS.— William Frederick Liston, of Higa Street, Woolwich, was afflicted for several years with the liver complaint, con comitant with biliousness, indigestion, and the various other disagreeable symptoms of a generally disorganized system. Although his diet was the mest simple and regular, and he had tried a variety of medicines for the cure of these hor- rible complaints, his indisposition, Ges ite thereof, increased to an alarming extent. At length, he commenced using Hol- loway’s ills, which afforded him immediate relief; and in the course of six weeks thoroughly removed all obstructions in his intestines, and restored him to permanent health. Sold by all Druggists, and at Professor Huttoway's Establishment, 244, 244, Strand, London, | T°. MILLERS.—In accordance with the | ‘fishes of Farmers, Millers, and others interested | inthe Corn Trade, an Edition of the AGRICULTURAL | GAZETTE AND GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE will be published every Monday Afternoon in time for post, commencing witlt the New Year. The Monday's Edi- | tion will, in addition to the usual markets, contain a |

heBS,

Full Report of the Mark Lane and Smithfield Markets | of the day, Price 64. May be ordered of any News Agent. may now be seen during |

VHE QUARTERLY REVIEW. No. CLXXXVIL—ADVERTISEMENTS for the forth- coming Number must be forwarded tothe Publisher by the 2d and BILLS forinsertion by the 4th January. Joux Murray, Albemarle Street. |THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, No. No. CCIL—ADVERTISEMENTS and BILL S inte nded for insertion are requested to be forwarded to the Pub- lishers immediately. L ondon: Loxom AN and Co. 39, Paternoster Row. Just E'CONg demy 16mo, Is. plain; 2s. coloured, ee CONTRAST; or Gone to the Dig- gings. With 48 Mlustrations by Nota Bene. London: C. H. Law; and all Booksellers. his day is published, price 4s. 6d. ( L IVE R AND BOYD'S NEW EDIN- BURGH ALMANACK and NATIONAL REPO- SITORY for 1854, enlarged, and containing much New and Interesting Information. London: Siwpxin, MARSHALL, and Co.

ce Vs By order of the a Commissioners cf the Admiralty. w ready, price 2s. 6d. To NAU NTICAL ALMANACK AND ASTRONOMICAL EPHEMERIS fo: 1857; with a Supplement, containing Ephemerides of all the new! -discovered Planets for 1854. The Nautical Almanack” for 1854, may still be had. Joun Murray, (Publisher to the Admiralty,) Albemarle Street. ~ DR. ELLIOTSON’ s BEPLY TO SIR JAMES HE ZOIST, i “XLIV. Price 2s. 6d. is now ready, and contains the above, and a Re- ply to the Quarterly Review—Reichenbach’s last Let- ters on the Odie Force—Four Striking Cures of In- sanity—An Instance of Raving Madness from Spirit- rapping—Two Striking Cures of Intense Disease of the Eye- A Dissertation on Spirit-rapping and Table- moving—An Account of the Satanic Meeting at the vow re pady, price Is. No. I. of : {EORGE CRUIKSHAN K's MAGA- ¥ ZINE. Conducted by Fraxx E. Swepuey (Frank Fairlegh), and Illustrated by Gronor CrurksHank. Davip Boove, Fleet Street. ™ E ILLUSTRATED LONDON MaA- _ GAZINE.—Price 6d. Published Monthly, con- taining 48 quarto pages of letterpress, by the most po- pular Writers of the day, Illustrated by the best Art- ists. **A magazine so liberal—so able—so vigorous, and withal so cheap and beautifully illustrated, ought not to starve among us for want of favour.”— Examiner. Pirer and Co.; and sold by all Booksellers. New Series. No. 1X, HE I CONTENTS: - Constitutional Reform. 55, and "56, This day is published, WESTMINSTER REVIEW,

2. Propertius and his Contemporaries. Ilanover Square Rooms, &c. > 3. English Religion: its Origin and Present Types. W. Barturere, 219, Regent Street, London. 4. Science at Sea. 5. “Strikes” and * Lock-outs.” MuUE ART JOURNAL, for JANUARY, 6. Arnold’s Poems. Cowrtatns the following Engravings on Steel: 7. Life and Doctrine of Geoffroy St. Hilaire. Raising the May-pole, after F. Goodall, A.R.A.—The } 8. England's Foreign Policy Vintage, after T, Stothard, R.A. in the Vernon Gal- Contemporary Literature : 1. Theology, Philo- Jery—and Hylas and the Nymphs, from the Group of sophy, and Politics—2. Science—3. Classics ulpture, by J. Gibson, R.A. in the Vernon Gallery. and Philology—4. History, Biogra “. . Voy- The literary portion of this Number embraces, among ages, and Travels—5. Belles Lettres—6. Art. others, the following subjects: Lithography and other London: Joun Cuarman, 142, Strand. Edinburgh: Novelties in Printing, by Professor R. Hunt—What is Maciacatan and Stewart. Glasgow: Joserm Mit- Heraldry, by W. Partridge, wy The Crystal Palace and the Sabbath, by Dr. F. Waagen =m don and Beechey on the Vehicles Y Colours— Frauds in Picture-dealing—The Pieta of Michael Angelo, Il- en SE LER. 7RAS Henry Youne. R’S MAGAZIN for Janvany, price 2s. 6d.; or by post, 3s. ConTAINS: — Justrated—The Great Masters of Art: A. Van de Velde, | The Birth of the Year. | Freight of the Jacobina. Illustrated—The Progress of Art-Manufacture, li- | By Frederick Tennyson. A Visit to the Hospital lustrated—Tupper’s Proverbial Philosophy, Illustrated The Decline and Fall of for Sick Children. ~— Examples of German Artists—The Domestic Man- the Corporation of Lon- The Principle of the Gre- ners of the English during the Middle Ages, by T. don. I. The Constitu- cian Mythology; orHow Wright, F.S. A. Illustrated—On Cameo Engraving— tion, the Greeks made their Jean Jaques Pradier—The Arts in a h— Memories Dr. Veron’s Memoirs. Young Germany. (Gods. of Mrs. Opie, by Mrs. 8. C, Hall—The Horse and the General Bounce; or the | Cambridge Life according Uero in Sculpture, &c. Ke, | Lady and the Locusts. to C. A. Bristed, with London: Vierve, Hau, and Vinrvur, 25, Paternoster Author of * Jenkinson. Row. ‘Chaps. L&IL. Dig- Notes by P. By the Gallinaceana, by Grand.’ . Pe Nd ; <- TAs ‘a nl Lord Palmerston and the | A Few Words on Irish An- ie E GENTLEMAN'S M AGAZIN E, Presbytery of Edin- | ti 1 tities. for Janvary, (being the first Part of a New Vo- | burgh, ~ | Dert »yism. lume,) contains the following Articles—_ : | London: Joun W. Parker and Son, West Strand. 1, The Princess (afterwards Queen) Elizabeth a Pri- soner at Woodstock. | Price 20.64. with an Illustration by Leech, 2. On supposed Apparitions of the Virgin Mary; and ENTLEY’S MISCELLAN particularly at La Salette. ea ieee 3. Sir Walter Raleigh at Sherborne. o ty, 4. Manners and Morals of the University of Cam- Coxraixs : bridge during the last Century.

| 1. Aspen Court. By Snirley Brooks. ; iid ea . —_— 2. Arthur Arden, the Medical Studeet, 5 English Ske tches by : — pm Max Schle- 3. St. Januarius to St. C onstantius, By the Au- singer's Saunte rings in and a out sondon. é ther of * Las AMforiea. J mi. Richard Baxter's Pulpit at Kidderminster, (with a 4. A Night with the Peelers. By W. H. Russell. “p/n e 5. The Frigate, the Privateer, and the Running 8. a a ge Impr = 1853. Ship. By Angus B. Reach. 1e Toxaris of Lucian ’ ss “ 6. An Elizabethan Pepys. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: English Physi- 7. Art. A Dramatic Tale. By the Author of cians in Russia—Knights Banneret —Sir Constantine | “ Christie Johnstone. Phipps and Sir William Phips— Diaries of Dr. Stuke- 8. Gabrielle D'Estrées. ley, &e. With Notes of the Month— Historical and 9. The Present Sultan. By a Diplomatist Resi- Miscellaneous Reviews—Reports of Antiquarian and dent at Constantinople. Literary Societies—Historieal Chronicle; and Obituary, 10. Margaret of Navarre. incinding Memeire of the Queen of Fortagsl, the Duke . Sin, Ses. See. of Beaufort, the Countess of Newburgh, Lord Clon- curry, Rear-Adwiral Pasco, Bickham Escott, Esq. Ww. Gardiner, Esq. Mrs. Opie, Mr. Jas. Trubshaw, C.E. Mr. Samuel Williams, &c. &e. Price 2s. 6d. Nicos and Sons, 25 5, Parti: ament Stree t. PERIODICALS FOR JANUARY. ACKWOOD'S M AGAZINE, No. CCCCLIX. Price 2s, 6d, ConTEeNTs = A Painter in Persia. The Quiet Heart. Part II. Dives. The English at Home. The Past and Future of China. Ricnarp Bentwey, New Burlington Street.

With 2 Steel En; gravings, price ls. Si ARPE’S LONDON MAGAZINE, for JANUARY, ConTAINS: My Old Lodger. With 2 Illustrations. Studies of Great Men.--No. I. By Amicus Curie. Harry Coverdale’s Courtship. By Frank E. Smed- ley. Notabilities of the Trent. By Flores Deviw. The Cathedral of Strasbourg, and the Architect's Daughter. Self-cependence. B* By Marianne Parrott. By a Frenchman Abroad. Arctic Adventure and Discovery.—The Fate of ——, paca uy oe ’ sani The Last Fruit off an Old Tree. Rapping Spirits. A Legend. By W. Wagtail. The Beverages we Infuse. The Workd’s Martyrs. By Sreduish, Lamvenee. The Aberdeen Cabinet. A Warning to Uncles. By Alfred W. Cole. | Notices of New Books, &c. Xe. Vintug, Haut, and Vixrur, 25, Now ready, Half-Yearly Volume, from July to December Price 6s. 6d. cloth lettered. 11. HE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE, and the TRANSACTIONS of the HIGHLAND and AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY of SCOTLAND. No. XLIII. price 3s. comprising an account of ** Bell's Reaping-Machine,” by the Inventor, the Rev. P. Bein, with Engravings. Paternoster Row. The 1853 53. ~~ On the Ist of January 1854, p price 3s a. HE JOURNAL of PSYCHOLOGICAL AT oy rg . g. MEDICINE and MENTAL PATHOLOGY, No. p* tOFESSOR JOHN ‘STC IN sd CHEMI XXV. Edited by Forres Wixstow, M.D. D.C.L, TRY of COMMON LIFE. No. 2, price 6d. con- President of the Medical Society of London. tains CONTENTS: . Modern Cee and Divination. Elements of Psychological Medicine. THE SOIL WE CULTIVATE. THE PLANT WE — PEOPLE'S rison, M THE DIARY OF A LATE PHYSICIAN, 3. On the Hygiene of Crime. = SE DIT sn. = a : 4. General Paralysis of the Insane. LISON Ss Hi ISTORY OF EUROPE. 5. Logic and Psychology. id Part IX. price ls, 6. The Pilgrimage of ‘Thought. Vol. III. price 4s. in cloth. 7. The Manchester Royal Lunatic Asylum. To be completed in 44 Parts, forming 12 vols. 8. Professor Valentin’s Physiology. | 9. On the Religious Instraction of the Insane. | CHEAP EDITION. 10. — straint System of Treatment in Lu- Works OF SAMUEL WARREN. 11. Miscellanecus Notices. ‘ Part Vv. price ls. zt 12, Statistics of Insanity. By Sir Alexander Mor- Vol. I. price 5s. 6d. in cloth, containing 13. The Eeaeeaten Lectures on Insanity. No. I. | Complete. On the Psychological Vocation of the Physi- Wittraw Biackwoop and Soxs, Edinburgh and Lon- cian. By Forbes ‘Winslow, M.D D.C.L. don ; sold by all Booksellers and Newsmen, and at the London: Joun Cuvacui.t, Princes Street, Soho. | Railway Stations.

Page 22

1266 THE SPECTATOR. (Saturday, NGLAND’S FOREIGN POLICY.— | See the WESTMINSTER REVIEW for Janv- ary 1854. London: Joun Cuarman, 142, Strand. ~ Will be published January 2d, ESTER AND ELINOR; or the pe of Suffering. A Novel. Post 8vo. cloth, 10s london: Joun Capmany, 142, Strand. his day is is published, OMAN "AND HER WISHES: an Essay, inscribed to the Massachusetts Consti- tutional Convention. By Tuomas Wentworrn Hia- GInson, Minister of the Worcester Free Church. Post 8vo. 6d. London: Joun CuapMAn, 142, Strand. This day, 1 vol. post 8vo. 9s. HE SLAVE SON. By Mrs. WiriiaM Noy Wi rxkins. Forming the New Volume of Chapman and Hall's Series of Original Works. London: Cuapman and Hatt, 193, Piccadilly. “This day, 1 vol. post 8vo. 20s. ANTE—THE DIVINE COMEDY, THE INFERNO, PURGATORY, and PARA- A literal Verse Translation. By Freperick With 50 Lllustrations by Grorce DISE. Potiock, Esq. ScHarr jun. London : Eighth Thousand, (revised,) price 1s. ~ HE RESULTS OF THE CENSUS OF- GREAT BRITAIN IN 1851; with a De- scription of the Machinery and Processes employed to obtain the Returns; also an Appendix of Tables of Re- ference. By Epwanp Cursuire, F.S.S London: Joun W. Parker & Son, CuarMan and Hatt, 193, Piccadilly. West Strand. Just published, 12mo. price 78. HE BEATITUDES of the MOUNT. In Seventeen Sermons. By the Venerable J. Gar- Bett, M.A. Archdeacon of Chichester. London: T. Harcnarp, 187, Piccadilly. A GIFT-BOOK BY THE AUTHOR OF “ PEEP OF DA Just published, eg cloth, price 5s. ‘AR OFF: Part IL.; or Africa and Ame- rica Described. With Anecdotes and” Numerous Illustrations. By the Author of ‘* Peep of Day.” London: IT, Harcuarp, 187, Piccadilly ; and of any Bookseller. Just published, 8vo. price 6d. ( N the MEASURES to be now TAKEN in ORDER to SECURE a GOOD NATIONAL EDUCATION. A_ Letter addressed to the Com- mittee and Members of the National Club. By Joun CamppBett Corauuowun, Esq. London: T. Harcnarp, 187, Piccadilly; Rrpeway, Pic cadil ly. a THOR OF NEW WORK BY THE “ PEEP Just re -_ ‘hen ath, price 5s. AR OFF: Part IL; or Africa and America Desoribed. With Anecdotes and nu- merous Illustrations. By the Author of ‘Peep of Day.” London: T. Harcnarp, 187, Piccadilly ; and of any Bookseller. w ready, feap. 8vo EMORABLE WOMEN: the Story of their Lives. By Mrs. Newton CrosLanp. Containing: Lady Rachel Russell—Madame d’Arblay —Mrs. Piozzi—Mary Ware—Mrs. Hutchinson—Lady Fanshawe— Margaret Fuller—-Lady Sale. With 8 En- gravings by Birket Foster. Davin Boour, Fleet Street. ~~ Just published, in fe ap. 8vo. price 5s. 6d. cloth, Pe EMS. By Matruew ARNOLD, Au- thor of “ Poems by A.” A New Edition, greatly altered: with a Preface. *,* More than one-third of the contents of this volume consists of Poems now first published. London: Loneman, Brown, Garen, and Lonom ANS Just published, in feap. 8vo. price 6s. 6d. Ww! LMOT’S ABRIDGMENT OF BLACKSTONE'S COMMENTARIES on the LAWS of ENGLAND, for the Use of Young Persons. A New Edition, revised and brought down to the Pre- sent Day, by Sir Joun E. Earpitey Witmor, Bart. Barrister-at-law, Recorder of Warwick. London: Loxomay, Brown, Green, and Lonemans. Now ready, Tenth Edition, revised and improved, of MHE COOK AND HOUSEWIFE’S BE MANUAL: a Practical System of Modern Domestic Cookery and Family Management. By Mistress Mar- GARET hand of the Cleikum Inn, St. Ronan’s. 686 ages, 6s. Gd. cloth, very neat. edinburgh: Oxiver and Boyrp. London: MARSHALL, and Co, SIMPKIN, ~NEW -YE AR’S GIFT FOR YOUNG PERSONS, Third Edition, price 6s. OGIC FOR THE MILLION. By J. 4 ** It is a book which the youth of both sexes will read W. Gicpart, F.R.S. with advantage.”’— Atlas. ** All parents would do well to put it in the way of their children.”— North Wales Chronicle. * The most useful and most amusing book on logic we ever met with.” — Economist. London: Loneman and Co. 39, Paternoster Row. BOOKS FOR CHRISTMAS. D* MERLE D’AUBIGNE’S HISTORY of the REFORMATION, Oliver and Boyd's Revised Editions, containing the New Volume—Sub- ject, ‘‘ The Reformation in England.” 1. The Finest Library Edition. Large Type. 5 vols. 8vo. 57s. 2. The Smaller Library Edition. 5 vols. post 8vo. 20s. 8. The One Volume Edition, 5 vols. bound together, 8s. cloth, very neat; or 9s. ilt edges, elegant. Edinburgh : ‘Oxrver and Boyp. London : MarsnHatt, and Co, SIMPEIN, and Co. ; x Oth Thousand, \ URRA ys° MODERN DOMESTIC COOKERY-BOOK, with 100 Wood-cuts, is now Joun Murray, Albemarle Street. ROBEBTSON'S | CHURCH HISTORY. HE HISTORY ‘Or THE CHRISTI AN CHURCH, to the Pontifieate of Gregory the Great. A Manual for General Readers as well as for Students in Theology. By Rev. James C. Ropertson, M.A. Vicar of Beakesbourne. Joun Murray, Albemarle Street. ready. ist published, 8vo. 1s. 6d. HE DECIM AL COINAGE. A Letter to the Kt. Hon. the Chancellor of [the Exchequer, advocating, as a preliminary step, the Issue of a Five- Farthing Piece. By A. Mitwarp, Esq. London: Groner Bet, 186, Fleet Street. ~ Just completed, Jahrgang 1853, 4to. price 6s. EUTSCHES ATHENEUM. schrift fiir Deutsche Literatur und Kunst. Sub- scriptions for 1854 now received; 6s. per annum in Town; 8s. by post. Published Monthly by Franz iit. | Turmm, Foreign Bookseller, 3, Brook Street, New Bond | Street. In Monthly Parts at 6d. beginning on the Ist of Janu- | ary 1854. (40 pages, in a wrapper, with an Engraving.) ‘oe ENGLISH REPUBLIC. An En- deavour to explain Republican Principles, to Re- cord Republican Progress, and to establish a Republi- = Party in England. Edited by W. J. Linroy. P. Crantz, 2, Shoe Lane, Fleet Street, London. Meathiy Bills of Contents can be had of the Publisher. ELEGANT CHRISTMAS PRESENT. Now ready, with 14 Illustrations by Scharf, HE FINE ARTS: their Nature and Relations. By M. Guizor. 8vo. cloth, price l4s. **A book for the most elegant table.”’— Leader London: Tomas Bosworru, 215, Regent Street; who has a great variety of books suitable for Presents. CHRISTMAS PRESENT FOR CHILDREN. | Pere, D.D. Head Master of Repton School, | merly Fellow of Trinity College, Now ready, with 4 Illustrations, 3s. 6d.; or by post, 4s. | YTORIES FROM adapted for Young People. BETH Kikpy. London: Tuomas Boswortn, 215, Regent Stre et; who _he as always a lar ge assortment of Children’s Be OKs, CHRIST M AS PRESENT FOR CHILDREN. Now ready, Second Edition, with 4 coloured Illustra- tions, price 2s. 6d. ; or by post, 3s. tae OCEAN QUEEN and the SPIRIT of the STORM. By W. H, G. Kinesrox, Esq. Author of ** Peter the Whaler.” London: T. Bosworru, 215, Regent Street; who has always on sale a large colle ction of C hildren’s Books. ELEGANT C HRISTM AS PRESENT. Now ready, 4to. handsomely bound, 18% extra, 28s I EATHERED FAVOURITES. Twelve Coloured Pictures of British Birds. By Joseru Wor. With Poetical Descriptions. ** As delightful a gift-book as the season will pro- duce—loving studies from some of the sweetest texts of nature.”’-- Spectator. London: Tuomas Bosworrn, 215, Regent Street ; who _has a great ve ariety of books suitable for Prese nts. THE CLASSICS, By Mary and Etiza- : or morocco tis day is pnblis hed, price 7s. 6a | AYS- ‘OF THE SCOTTISH CAVA- 4 LIERS, and other Poems. By W. Epmonsroune Ayrown, Professor of Rhetoric and Belles Lettres in the University of Edinburgh. ** Finer ballads than these, we are bold to say, are not to be found in the language.” — Times. A volume of verses which shows that Scotland has yet a poet.” —Quarterly Review. “Ww - Bua ACK WOOD and Sons, Edinburgh and London, This day is publishe d, price 5s. 6d. . a DIARY OF A LA TE “PHY SI- CIAN. By Samvuet Warren, D.C.L. F.R.S. Complete in 1 vol. with a Frontispiece by Gilbert, handsomely bound in cloth. The above forms the First Volume of the Cheap Edi- tion of Mr. Warren's ly Parts at ls. Wintiam Biackwoop and Sons, Edinburgh and Lon- don; sold by all Booksellers. SECOND EDITION, ENLARGED. This day is aa, in 8vo. the Second ~_ l4s, ditio TT RU} SSIAN SHORES OF THE BLACK SEA in the Autumn of 1852; with a Voyage down the Volgaand a Tour through the Country of the Don Cossacks. By Laurexce OLipHant, Au- thor of a *‘ Journey to Nepaul.” With 34 Engraving on Wood, Enlarged Map of the Crimea, and Map of the Author's Route. Wittram Biackwoop and Sons, Edinburgh & London. “NEW WORK ON VETERINARY MEDICINE. Just published, in 1 vol. 8vo. cloth, price 10s. TETERINARY MEDICINES their ACTIONS and USES. By Fixtay Duwy, V.S. Lecturer on Materia Medica and Dietetics at the Edin- burgh Veterinary College; Author of Prize Essays on the ** Mismanagement of Farm Horses,” ‘* Hereditary ” “Vesicular Epizod- Diseases,” ** Pleuro-Pneumonia, tic,” &e. Edinburgh: Suruertanyp and Knox, George Street. SimpKin, MARSHALL, and Co. London. Just published, in 1 vol. feap. 3s. 6d. cloth, | pe A EDGEWORTH'S PARENT'S ASSISTANT. Ww y Frontispiece and Vignette. N.B.—The Edition in 2 Pocket vols. 5s. cloth lettered, is still on sale. London: Longman and Co.; Hamriron and Co.; Smwpxin and Co.; Wuirraker and Co.; Hov.ston and Co.; H. Wasanourne; Oar and Co. ; RovrLencEe E. Lumiey; Darron and Co.; Tree and Co.; and Sirsa, Exper, and Co. Works, now publishing in Month- } Anentirely New Edition, revised. | This day is published, in post 8vo. cloth, price 7s. JUBLIC WORKS IN INDIA; their Importance. With Suggestions for their Extension and Improvement. By Lieut.-Col. Corroy, Chief En- gineer, Madras. London: Wa. H. ALLEN and Co. 7, Leadenhall Street, Just published, price 1s. \ INORITIES AND MAJORITIES. Their Relative Rights. A Letter to Lord John Russell, M.P. on Parliamentary Reform. By James GarTH MARSHALL. James Ripoway, Piccadilly ; and all Booksellers. Price 2s.; post-free for 2s. 6d. in stamps, ANTOMIME BUDGETS, on the Po- litical, Financial, and Social Questions of the Day. By Ricwarp Joun Cote. Cross and Son, 18, Holborn; and all high-class Booksellers. On Saturday, Jan. 7th, 12mo. 4s. 6d. cloth, — ANABASIS, with Notes, d Index, (Geographical and Biographical,) and a Map, by J. T. V. Harpy, B.A. Principal of Hudders- field College, and E. Apams, Classical Master in Univers sity College School. Watton and Maperty, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane. SECOND AND ENLARGED EDITION OF DR. PEILE’S ANNOTATIONS ON THE ROMANS. Now ready, in 8vo. price 7s. 6d. a Second and Enlarged Edition of ANNOTATIONS ON ST. PAUL'S EPIS. TLE to the ROMANS. By THomas WiLLiamMson and for- Cambridge. Rivinetons, Waterloo P lace. The ANNOTATIONS on the yg CTHIANS may be had now in one volume, price 7s. 6¢. Also a Separate Edition of ANNOT ‘A TIONS on the HE BREWS. Pri rice 4s. 6d. MR. NEWBY s NEW “PU BLICATIONS. 2 vols. Plates, 28s. HE L IF E OF SAVONAROLA By Dr. Mappenx, Author ef ** Travels in the East.” ** Dr. Madden’s book will be a welcome one to Eng- lish readers. The materials collected are rich and in- terestiny.”— Atheneum, ** Dr. Madden’s researches have been indefatigable, and the materials amassed, many of them from rare sources, are of a most varied and interesting charac- ter.” — Freeman's Journal. “Dr. Madden discourses with great learning, and the result is a Life of Savonarola which gives us a far more complete view of his character and his writings than has heretofore been attempted.”— Notes and Que- ries. ** Dr. Madden displays throughout the work a high purpose, a generous sympathy with outraged justice, truth, and piety.” — Morning Herald. ‘The task is performed with great research, with entire honesty, and much ability.”—G/asgow Herald. “ We are thankful for the strenuous advocacy of the truth which these volumes contain.” — 7wit’s Magazine. ** We acknowledge the mass of most valuable in- formation which the author has compiled upon the subject.”— Nation. * We esteem this book as a valuable addition to our biographical and_ historical literature, as a work of patient study and immense reading, and as a powerful aid to the cause of truth.”— Nonconformist. ** All lovers of truth are deeply indebted to Dr. Mad- den.” — Evening Post. * Written in a large and liberal spirit.” — Adrocate. “The most complete work yet offered to a subjeet of very striking historical importance.” — Examiner. Price 7s. 6d. THE BIBLE IN THE MIDDLE AG ES; with REMARKS on the LIBRARIES, SCHOOLS, and SOCIAL and RELIGIOUS ASPECTS of MEDLEVAL EUROPE, IN THE PRESS. The Third and last Volume, price 18s. THE CATHOLIC HISTORY OF ENGLAND. By W. B. Mac Cane, Esq. _ IN A LARGE SUPPLE MENT TO Che Spectator For the Week ending Saturday, 7th January 1854. YTATISTICS of REPRESENTATION : A CONTRIBUTION of EXACT DATA for TESTING the NEW REFORM BILL. Taste I,—The results of all th the official Inquiries into Controverted Elections during the twenty years since the passing of Earl Grey’s Reform Bill. Tasie II.—A perfect list of the House of Commons as it now stands, made up to the 3st December 1853; with the number of Electors and total Population in each place represented. Tavtx I'I.—The general list of Members analyzed, and exhibited under the heads of Re- lations of Peers, Country Gentlemen, Naval and Military Officers, Mer- chants, Traders, Men of Science and Letters, &e. From these names it will be seen how many Seats each class or interest actually possesses in the present House of Commons. Tastr 1V.—Each County dissected separately ; so as to show the relative importance of the whole, in extent and population, and the proportions in which Town and Country are represented. Advertisements for the Supplement must be given in on or before Tuesday the 3d January. Publishing-office, 9, Wellington Street, Strand.

Page 23

——~t,

December 31, 1853.] THE SPECTATOR.

1267

This day is published, price bs. cloth gi OUGHTS and SKETCHESin FERSE. By Carourne Dear. Artuver Hatt, Virrve, and Co. 25, Paternoster Row New and Cheaper Edition, complete in 1 vol. medium 8vo. handsomely bound and gilt, price 1/. 1s. ILGRIMAGES TO ENGLISH SHRINES. By Mrs. 8. C. Hatt. With Notes and Illustrations. By F. W. Fairholt, F.S.A. Arruur Hatt, Virrvr, and Co, 25, Paternoster Row. NEW WORK BY REV. DR. CUMMING, ‘ This day, in feap. price 2s, 6d. cloth, HRIST OUR PASSOVER. By Rev. Joun Cu uuinc, D.D. Uniform with the “ Fin- er of God.’ RTHvUR HALL, NEW WORK BY

Vin TUE, and Co, 25, THE AUTHOR OF POWELL.” This day is published, price 7s. 6d. cloth, antique, HERRY AND VIOLET; a Tale of the Great Plague. Uniform with ‘* Edward Os- borne,” &c. Arruur Hatt, 25, Paternoster MR. BARTLETT'S NEW WORK. This day, super-royal 8vo. price 12s. neatly bound, HE PILGRIM FATHERS; or the a rs of New England in the Reign of James I. By W. H. Barrierrr, Author of “ Forty Days in the het *&c. With 28 Illustrations on Steel, and numerous Wood-cuts. ARTHU rk Hawt, Virrvr, Paternoster Row. “MARY

Virtue, and Co Row. and Co, 25, Paternoster Row. This day, in post 8vo. price 6s, cloth gilt, UTOBIOGRAPILY OF WILLIAM JERDAN ; with his Literary, Political, and Soe- cial Reminiscences and Correspondence, during the last Forty Years. Volume IV. completing the Work, with a Portrait of Sir E. B. Lytton, and View of Kneb- worth. Artuvur Hatt, Virrvr, and Co. 25, Paternoster Row. DR, CUMMING ON THE NEW TESTAMENT. On December 25th, complete, SABBATH EVENING on ST. MARK. By the Rev. With | sas in cloth, price 3s. READINGS Joun CumMING, D.D. 1 the same series, a MATTHEW'S GOSPEL complete, pric e os HE BOOK OF PEVELATION. 2d Edition, price 7s. 6d. to commence with the New T. LUKE Year. Arruvr Hatt, Vierve, and Co, TEGG'S CHRONOLOGY. In one handsome volume, post 8vo. cloth, price 9s. EGG’S DICTIONARY of CHRON- OLOGY ; or Historical and Statistical Register, 25, Paternoster Row from the Birth of Christ to the Present Time. Fifth Edition, revised and improved. London: Wittiam Tree and Co. 85, Queen Street, | Cheap-ide. LANDS ena Fourth Edition of UINS OF MANY NOTICE.—A Fourth and Cheaper Edition, revised and considerably enlarged, of Mr. Michell’s * Ruins of Many Lands,”’ with Portrait, cloth, 4s. 6d. This Edition contains Remarks on Layard’s latest | Discoveries at Nineveh, and treats of nearly all the | Ruins of interest now in the World. London: Wituiam Tree and Co. 85, Queen Street, Cheapside. NEW WORK BY THE REV. IS AAC WILLIAMS. n 2 vols, small 8vo. price lls. A SERIES OF SER MONS. ON THE EPISTLE and GOSPEL for each SUNDAY in the YEAR; and on some of the Chief Festivals. By the Rev. Isaac Wittiams, B.D. late Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford ; Author of a“ Harmony of the Gos- pels, with Reflections,” in 8 vols. Rivincrons, Waterloo Place. ARCHDEACON SINCLAIR’S SERMON AT NEW YOR e- In 8vo. price Is.; by post, ls, 4d. a Gas BRITAIN AND AMERICA. A Farewell Sermon prea oe d on Sunday, October 16, 1853, at St. Paul’s Chapel, New York. By the Ven. | Joun Sinciarr, M.A. Arch leac on of Middlesex, and Vicar of Kensington, in the Diocese of London. London: Rivinerons, Waterloo Place. New York: Sranrorp and Sworps, COWIE’ S HULSEAN LECTURES FOR 1853. In Svo. price 7s. 6d. EN SERMONS preached before the UNIVERSITY of CAMBRIDGE, including the Hulsean Lectures for 1853, and Two other Sermons. By the Rev. Morncan Cowie, M.A. formerly Fellow of St. John’s College. Rivinetonxs, Waterloo Place ; Cambridge. *.* The SECOND PART, containing the Four last Lectures, may be h: price 3s, 6d. MADVIG’S GREEK SYNTAX, AND BROWNE, In square 8vo. price 8s. 6d. NYNTAX of the GREEK LANGU AGE, kK especially of the Attic Dialect, for the Use a and Derrenton, 1 separately BY ARNOLD | Schools. By Professor Mapvic. Translated from the German, by the Rev. Il. Browne, M.A. and edited by the Rev. T. K. Annoip, M.A. late Rector of Lyndon, and formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. ' With an Appenaix on the GREEK PARTICLES, by | the Translato . | This work, profound enough to satisfy the wants «f ocwanced scholars, is so perspicuous and well ar- rong: d as to be adajted for use in schools. The nice- ties of the languize are set forth with much clearness, and illustrated by a great abandance of well-chosen examples from clas-ical writers.”~ Atheneum. Rivinotows, Waterloo Place, Astronomy; Electricity ; Meteorology . 3.0 Chemistry—New Treatise, by Dr, Wilson 3.0 ; Animal Physiology ’ es . ee 2 6 LATIN. Key to Plane Geome try . — aes ae Illustrated with copious English Notes and Prefaces. Solid and Spherical Geome try ° 2 6 _—. . . > 2 , @ Latin Grammar, Elementary ° . ° ° o. of B® : ractic: al Ma athematic 8,2 Ps arts, ‘ent h 3s. 6d. « 2 0 Latin Grammar, Advanced . . . o« « Be Key to Practical Mathematics © + 0 © © 0 8 6] piste Mmesiens, Micmenter 1 3 Mathematical Tables. . . + me «, owe = ae + ¢ 8 « — a Latin Exercises, Advanced so % igh Latin Dic’ionary, Latin and Ens glish e “a ae is : SCIENCE. —-Latin-English Part. New Edition . . . 5 0 Political Economy. . “te ae Oe ee em English-Latin Part . . . s ote a 8G Introduction to the Scie nees powme « @ Oe Gee ead ed (say a seatia oeealee Laws of Matterand Motion. . . do 6 I le a ee Mechanics « « Ops Gea’ 5 ls st ss tb ee se Ue Hydrostatics, Hydraulics, and Pneumatics >: & Cees: alae a = @ 6 6 & @ er eee eee PE « « & # 6.5 « & © ».3 a ee Se gt al Py Males ae £6 Optics eae Oe a 8 os BO ee SG aoe ae aoe oe » ¢6 Astronomy . . 6 «© + 6 6 © + © © © 1 OT Livy , ‘we «ts otters os « « fe ®@ Electricity . . . °° ° OP Ge 6! Ob ume ee ios Oo Meteorology. -. 2 Ce ee 1 0 Nepos ‘ as ot OO 2 aw FT 2 6 Natural Philosophy iy, Vol. I. containing Matter Phedrus’s Fables are Or ee ee 1 6 and Motion; Mechanics ; Hydrostatics, &c.; Acoustics. a GERMAN. Natural P hilosophy, Vol Il. "containing Optics; History of the British E mpire se Exemplary and Instructive Biography . e tot totow 7) Edited by Dr. Aue, German Master in the High School’ Edinburgh. First German Reading Book ° i 20 Second German Reading Book . . . . . 3.0 German Grammar . ie e 3 6 English-German Phrase-Book . oe os 20 German Dictionary. Part I. German-English . 5 0 Part II. English-German, in preparation. MUSIC. Manual of Music. By Joseph Gostick . . .°3 0

*.* Other Works in Preparation. Published by W. a R. CHAMBERS, 3, Bride Passage, Fleet Street, London, and 339, High Street, Edinburgh ; M‘GLASHAN, Dublin; H, CAMPB ELL, Glasgow ; and all Booksellers.

Page 24

THE SPECTATOR. [December 31, 1853. MR. ALBEMARLE STREET, Decemser 31, 18953, MURRAY’S LIST. NEW BOOKS. 1. THE WORKS OF GOLD- SMITH, now first printed from the last Editions which passed under the Author’s own eye. A new, annotated, and beautifully printed Library Edition. Edited by Perer CunNnInGHAM, F.S.A. or (to be completed in 4 vols.) Demy 8vo. 7s. 6d, Forming the First Volume of MURRAY’S BRITISH CLASSICS. 2 ONE WORD FOR RUSSIA wang Nat FOR OURSELVES. By Paciricus, vo. 6d, 3. NARRATIVE OF THREE YEARS’ RESIDENCE IN ABYSSINIA. By MANSFIELD Parkyns. With Illustrations. 2 vols. 8yo. 30s. 4. SUNLIGHT THROUGH THE MIST: or Practical Lessons from the Lives of Good Men; a Sunday Book for Children, Bya Lady. 16mo. 3s. 6¢. (Next week.) 5 ESSAYS ON AGRICUL- TURE. ,By the late Tuomas Gisnorne. 2d Edition. Post 8vo. 5s. 6 HISTORY OF THE CHRIs- TIAN CHURCH, to the Pontificate of Gregory the Great, a.p 590 ; a Manual for General Read- ers as well as for Students in Theology. By Rev. J.C. Ropertson, 8yo. 12s. 7 SIX MONTHS IN ITALY. By Grorce Hittarp. 2 vols. Post Svo. 16s. 8. WELLINGTON’S SPEECH- ES IN PARLIAMENT. Collected and arranged | of > sanction of the Duke himself. 2 vols. vo. s. 9 A POPULAR ACCOUNT OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. By Sir J. G. Witxinson, With 500 Wood-cuts. 2 vols. Post 8vo.. 12s. 10. THE PROGRESS OF RUS- SIA IN THE EAST. New Edition, revised to the Present Time. With an elaborate Map by AnrowsMiTH. 8yo, (Next week.) ll ONCE UPON A TIME. CHARLES Knicut, 2 vols. Feap. 8yvo. By 10s, 12, MEMOIRS AND CORRE- SPONDENCE OF FRANCIS HORNER. Edited by his Brother, Lronarp Horner. 2d Edition, with Additions, Portrait. 2 vols. 8vo, 30s. 13. SCENES AND OCCUPA- TIONS OF COUNTRY LIFE. By Epwarp JessB. Wood-cuts. Feap. 8vo. 14. BEAUTIES OF BYRON ; being Selections from his Writings—Prose and Verse. ByaClergyman. Feap, 8vo. 3s. 15. OF HORACE. By With Wood-cuts and Coloured 9s. LIFE Dean MILMAN. Borders. 8yo. 16. A SCHOOL HISTORY OF GREECE: with Supplementary Chapters on the Literature, Art, and Domestic Manners of the Greeks. By Dr. WM. Smiru. With Wood-cuts. Post 8vo. 7s. 6d. 17. HANDBOOK FOR GREECE: (Tue Iontan IsLanps, ALBANIA, THESSALY, and MacepontA). New Edition. With Maps, Tost 8vo. (Next week.) 18. JOURNAL OF A CRUISE AMONGST THE ISLANDS OF THE WEST- ERN PACIFIC. By Capt. Joun Erskine, R.N, Plates. 8vo. 16s. 19. THE LETTERS AND JOURNALS OF SIR HUDSON LOWE, relating to Napoleon at St. Helena. By Wa. Fonrsyrnu. Portrait, 3 vols. 8vo. 45s. 20. NINE YEARS IN TASMA- NIA. By Mrs. Cuarces MerepirH. Wood- cuts. 2 vols. Post 8vo. 18s, : 21. THE STORY OF CORFE CASTLE, with Documents of the Time of the Civil Wars, &c. By Right Hon. G. Bankes, M.D. Wood-cuts. Post 8vo. 10s. 6d, 29 TEN MONTHS AMONG THE TENTS OF THE TUSKI; during a Search for Sir John Franklin. By Lieut. Hoorrr, R.N. Plates. 8vo. 14s, 23. STORIES FOR CHILDREN, Selected from the History of England. Cheaper Edition, Illustrated with Wood-cuts. 16mo. 2s. 6d. 24. A SECOND EXPEDITION TO THE RUINS OF NINEVEH AND BABY- LON. By A. H. Layarp,M.P. 14th Thousand. Plates. 8vo. 21s, 25. LIVES OF THE EARLS OF ESSEX, in the Reigns of Elizabeth, James I., and CharlesI. By Capt. Devereux, R.N. Portraits. 2 vols. Syo. 30s, 26. THE LAWS OF ARTISTIC COPYRIGHT,- AND THEIR DEFECTS. By Roperton BLaine. 8yo. 3s. 6d. = aie HANDBOOK OF FAMILIAR QUOTATIONS, chiefly from English Authors. A New Edition, with an Index. Feap.8vo, 5s. GIF T-BOOKS. BYRON’S POETICAL WORKS. With Plates and Vignettes. 10 vols. 30s. BYRON’S POETICAL WORKS. Complete in 1 vol. with Portrait and Vignette. 12s. BYRON’S POETICAL WORKS. In 8 pocket vols. 20s. BYRON’S CHILDE HAROLD. Tilustrated by a Portrait of Ada and 30 Vignettes. 10s. 6d. BYRON’S LIFE AND LETTERS. With Plates and Vignettes. 6 vols. 18s. BYRON’S LIFE AND LETTERS. Complete in 1 vol. with Portraits & Vignette. 12s. CRABBE’S LIFE AND POEMS. With Plates and Vignettes. 8 vols. 24s. CRABBE’S LIFE AND POEMS. Complete in 1 vol. with Portrait and Vignettes. 10s. 6d. HEBER’S POETICAL WORKS. With Portrait. 7s. 6d. HEBER’S INDIAN JOURNALS. 2 vols. 10s. MILMAN’S POETICAL WORKS. With Plates and Vignettes. 3 vols. 18s. MILMAN’S LIFE AND WORKS OF HORACE. Illustrated with 300 Vignettes by Scharf. 2 vols. 8vo. 30s. LOCKHART’S ANCIENT SPANISH BALLADS. 2s. 6d. CROKER’S BOSWELL’S JOILN- SON. Complete in 1 vol. Portrait. 14s. REJECTED ADDRESSES. With Portrait and Wood-cuts. 4s. CUNNINGHAM’S POEMS AND SONGS. With Wood-cuts. 2s. 6d. SIR HUMPHRY DAVY’S CON- SOLATIONS. With Wood-cuts. 6s. SIR HUMPHRY DAVY’S SALMO- NIA. With Wood-cuts. 6s. HALLAM’S LITERARY ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS. 2s. BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER. With 1000 Wood-cuts, Initials, and Coloured Borders. 21s. SOUTHEY’S BOOK OF THE CHURCH. 12s. WILKINSON'S ANCIENT EGYP- TIANS. With 500 Wood-cuts. 2vols. 12s. BRAY’S LIFE OF STOTHARD. Illustrated with Portrait and 70 Wood-cuts. 21s. The FAMILY ARABIAN NIGHTS. Illustrated with 600 Wood-cuts by Hanvey. 21s. JAMES’S FABLES OF ESOP. With 100 Wood-cuts by Tennren. 2s. 6d. LITERARY ESSAYS FROM THE “TIMES.” 4s. THE FAIRY RING. Illustrated by Ricuarp Doyie. 7s. 6d. JESSE’S COUNTRY LIFE. With Wood-cuts. 6s. JESSE'S NATURAL HISTORY. With Wood-cuts. 6s. London: Printed by JosEern Crayton, of 320, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Printer, at the office of Josep Ciayron, No. 10, Crane Court, in the Parish of St. Dunstan’s in the West, in the City of London; and Published by the aforesaid Josgra Ciayron, at 9, Wellington Street, in the Precinct of the Savoy, Strand, in the County of Middlesex.—Sarurpay, 31st December 1853,

Page 25

TE [E ed th z. be 2 No. 1331.] Supplement to the Spectator FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1853. BOOKS. BENJAMIN DISRAELI, A LITERARY AND POLITICAL BIOGRAPHY." Tue author of Benjamin Disracli, a Biography, has too closely imitated the tedious lengwindedness and frequent digressions of his prototype, Lord George Bentinck. We has also himself a turn for prosiness, and a tendency to dwell upon matters of no moment while he but cursorily touches upon main points: spinning out, for instance, heavy remarks upon the Hebrew, Caucasian, and Jew-qualification questions, while he passes succinctly over the career of Mr. Disraeli as Finance Minister and pro tem. leader in the House of Commons. Moreover, the volume is deficient in those traits of personal character which with all its tumid verbosity distinguished Lord George Bentinck, as well as in that knowledge of motives and that unconscious exposure of them which enabled the reader to see that the course of the Protectionists had no better origin than personal malignity. The volume before us, however, does this—it presents a full and continuous view of the public career and character of Mr. Benjamin Disraeli, from his first appearance as editor of that costly failure the Repre- sentative newspaper, and the equivocal success of Vivian Grey, until he burst into obvious notoriety as an unscrupulous assailant of Peel, grew distinguished as a leader of the Conservative party, and finally reached the object of his ambition, merely to show that he could not retain it. This review is done fairly; its very ful- ness enabling the reader to form his own opinion of each book, in- cident, or remarkable speech of Mr. Disraeli, from the facts or quo- tations submitted to him. The moral conclusions of the writer are also just enough; though they would have gained by greater terseness of expression. “Qualis ab incepto” might be Disraeli’s motto. He was at starting in life the same man as when he bayed at Sir Robert Peel, or coolly threw overboard the wiseacres who were weak, and it must be said degenerate enough, to follow a man whose whole career had been a palpable succession of unscrupulous self-seeking and unblushing tergiversation. There is probably something in the Arab savageism of Disraeli’s nature which prevents him from acquiring a mastery of practical affairs; but his presumption was greater when he undertook to manage the Representative than when he pledged himself to revise our financial system: for at his years in the earlier venture, it was impossible that he could have the knowledge and the observation on affairs which are essential to the editor of a great daily organ, whereas before he became Chancellor of the Exchequer, he had both time and opportunity to study our taxation: yet the failure was not more total in the first case than the last. In Vivian Grey he shadowed forth the theoretical notion of success in public life which he tried to carry out in practice some quarter of a century later. Vivian loquitur— ‘“**Mankind, then, ismy great game. At this moment how many a power- ful noble wants only wit to be a Minister; and what wants Vivian Grey to attain the same end? That noble’s influence. When two persons can so materially assist each other, why are they not brought together? Shall I, because my birth baulks my fancy, shall I pass my life a moping misanthrope in an old chateau? Supposing I am in contact with this magnifico, am I poo _ Now let me probe my very soul. Does my cheek blench? I rave the mind for the conception ; andI can perform right skilfully upon the most splendid of musical instruments, the human voive, to make these concep- tions believed by others. There wants but one thing more—cowrage, pure, perfect courage: and does Vivian Grey know fear?” He laughed an answer of bitterest derision.” In this first novel, too, there was the same disregard of the decent retenue which distinguishes gentlemen, and it may be said Englishmen generally. The author not only thrust himself upon the public in the character of his hero, as afterwards in Sidonia, but displayed an equal disregard of conventional morals by ex- hibiting real persons in the guise of fictitious characters to gratify malignity or make money. His attempts upon High Wycombe under the patronage of O'Connell and Joseph Hume, his address to Marylebone on principles something more than Radical, and his subsequent contest of Taunton against the Whig candidate, on Tory grounds, were just the same thing as when in office he proved to the wondering West Indians that they were better off without protection, or when he voted for “ the principle of unre- stricted competition.” His publications about “ Estates,” and * Bolingbroke,” and a “ Venetian Doge” and the “English Con- stitution,” were much weaker in style, but not more silly in sub- stance, than the schemes for regenerating the world or the Tories which he put:forth in later fictions. Beyond some more know- ledge of actual life, which is turned to account in his novels, the only thing in which Disraeli has really advanced is in diction. Coningsby and Sybil exhibit a vast improvement over the cox- combical pictures of Vivian Grey or the turgid fustian of Alroy ; * The Right Honourable Benjamin Disraeli, M.P.; a Literary and Political Biography. Addressed to the New Generation. Published by Bentley. (Gratis with THE Week's Spectator. | just as the flowers of Billingsgate which he scattered on O'Con- nell, the Globe, and others, when he lucubrated letters to the Times, were poor and washy compared with his condensed and pointed declamation against Peel. Some later displays, as well in writing as in speaking, seem to show that the improvement is artificial, and requires labour and stimulants to maintain it. This summary retrospect is not complimentary to the cha- racter of Disraeli; but, sad as it is to have to say it, success with many is the sole touchstone. In a certain sense Disraeli’s success has been great; for he has worked his way to a con- spicuous position, and for a short time to an eminent post. A cer- tain species of success, however, is always attainable, by those who choose to take the risk and the discredit. A man’s life is generally in the power of his enemy, if that enemy will incur the guilt of felony and the chances of the gallows. The trader who defies bankruptcy may do a roaring business while he stands. The man of cal means can fare sumptuously as long as his capital and credit last. The fellow who “will poke his nose in anywhere” may often secure a meal or a “ treat,” because the delicacy of others is greater than his own. Of course certain qualities are necessary even to this sort of suc- cess. A man must _— good nerves, what is now called “ auda- city,” an easy conscience, or more properly a want of perception touching right and wrong, and a hardened indifference to estima- tion or consequences. There must also be pertinacity, with ac- tivity, vigour, or determination ; something, in fact, analogous to energy—or, as energy is not a moral quality, energy itself. The sort of suecess just indicated is that of Mr. Disraeli; and the lesson it points is that of confidence and pertinacity. Not one of his works succeeded in consequence of its real merits ; attention was attracted by some arts or some quality the reverse of re- putable. Disraeli rose to public notoriety, not by any party con- victions of his own which inspired confidence in others, not even by any steady adherence to a cause as a pretext, but by loud-tongued promises of anything to anybody, by blackguard abuse of oppo- nents, and by such vulgar proceedings as challenging Morgan O'Connell to fight a duel because O'Connell the father had replied to some of Disraeli’s Billingsgate by more effective Billingsgate of his own. He failed in Parliament at the outset, and for some time he was barely tolerated. He became conspicuous, not by acquiring any peculiar knowledge, or by honestly representing any hopefu opinion, but by ministering to the malignity of other men while he gratified his own. He finally failed when all he had striven for was in his grasp, because he had neither conviction, nor morality, nor knowledge of affairs, nor principle of action. Still the merit of rising cannot be denied him, and his position as leader of the Pro- tectionists was a wonderful thing. “The art of our necessities is strange That can make vile things precious.” The necessity must have indeed been dire that induced a section of the peers and the gentlemen of England to follow an adventurer without character or experience, or the capacity to form even a theoretical plan, and whose “ antecedents” were anything but recommendatory. However, the end proves the man, and the end of Disraeli is yet to come. Although the author of the volume before us appears to have no personal knowledge of Mr. Disraeli, he has followed his public life and perused his works with steady attention. He also seems to have witnessed some of his displays, or to have had an original account of them. The following extract is a picture of the char- latan’s first appearance in the House of Commons, with some re- marks on his style. “On the 7th of December, [1837,] the adjourned debate on the Irish Elec- tion Petitions was resumed. O'Connell had just delivered one of his most thrilling speeches, and laid Sir Francis Burdett prostrate in the dust; the House of Commons was in a state of the greatest excitement, when a singu- lar figure, looking as pale as death, with eyes fixed upon the ground, and ringlets clustering round his brow, asked the indulgence which was usually granted to those who spoke for the first time, and of which he would show himself worthy by promising not to abuse it. He then singled out O'Connell ; who, he said, while taunting an honourable baronet with making a long, rambling, and jumbling speech, had evidently taken a hint from his _ ~ nent, and introduced every Irish question into his rhetorical medley. Two or three taunts were also directed at the Whigs; who had made certain in- timations at clubs and elsewhere, about the time ‘ when the bell of our cathedral announced the death of our monarch.’ Then followed some of Mr. Disraeli’s daring assertions ; which were received with shouts of laughter, and loud cries of ‘Oh! oh!’ from the Ministerial benches. An allusion to ‘men of moderate opinions, and of a temperate tone of mind,’ produced still more laughter; for it was considered that such a character was the very opposite of the individual who was addressing them. He entreated them to give him five minutes’ hearing; only five minutes; it was not much. The House then became indulgent; but soon the shouts of laughter again burst forth, as Mr. Disraeli went on to say, that he stood there not formally, but virtually, as the representative of a considerable number of Members of Parliament. ‘Then why laugh?’ he asked; * why not let me enjoy this distinction at least for one night?’ It appeared that he considered himself the representa- tive of the new Members. When, however, he spoke of the disagreement between ‘the noble Tityrus of the Treasury Sockanl the Dapbne of Lis- keard,’ declared that it was evident that this quarrel between the lovers

Page 26

2 SUPPLEMENT TO (Saturday, would only be the renewal of love, and alluded to Lerd John Russell as waving the keys of St. Peter in his hand, the voice of the ambitious orator was drowned in convulsions of merriment. ‘Now, Mr. Speaker, see the philoso- phical prejudice of man!’ he ejaculated, with despair; and again the laugh- ter was renewed, ‘I would certainly gladly,’ said Mr. Disraeli, most pathe- tically, ‘hear a cheer, even though it came from the lips of a political oppo- nent. No cheer, however, followed; and he then added—‘I am not at all surprised at the —— I have experienced. I have begun several times many things, and I have often succeeded at last. I will sit down now, but the time will come when you will listen to me!’ He sat down: Lord Stan- ley, on the part of the Opposition, resumed the debate, and replied to O’Con- nel ; for it was thought that Mr. Disraeli’s speech had been a complete fail- ure, and that O’Connell’s address had not been answered. The ghost of the Caucasian Cesar had really appeared at Philippi, and been scared away by the — of the boisterous adherents of the Milesian Brutus. _ “More than one explanation of the failure of this maiden speech has been given. The critic who in general has been most favourable to the accom- — master of sarcasm believes that this first speech was delivered in the mbastic style of ‘ Alroy,’ and that the orator’s failure was inevitable. This attempt to account for his temporary defeat will only be satisfactory to those who believe that there was a wonderful change in Mr. Disraeli’s mental habits and style in future years. Now there was nothing so remarkably bom- bastic in this first address; and it can be easily shown that even in Mr. Dis- raeli’s most successful efforts, there is overstrained language, which, even when the orator’s abilities were fully admitted, provoked the laughter of the House of Commons, Some other explanation is necessary, and it lies on the surface. “Mr. Disraeli’s individual appearance and style of speaking are peculiar. His art lies in taking his audience by surprise, and in delivering his most successful points as impromptus, This, of course, may be done effectually when the speaker has a command over his hearers, and his intellectual as- cendancy is allowed; but every orator has, more or less, to prepare his audi- ence for the reception of his speeches, and until this can be done, it is not easy to make a very successful oratorical effort. Mr. Disraeli has so much of mannerism, that it was not to be expected he could please at his first appear- ance. Besides, it was in the memory of everybody that he had made a proud boast of seizing the first opportunity of crushing one of the most formidable ublic men of the time; and, with all his early follies thus prominently be- ore the world, and in presence of many of his great antagonist’s friends, alone, and unsupported even by those who agreed with him in opinion, the powers of Demosthenes would have been unequal to such an occasion. “Mr. Disraeli failed simply because the House of Commons would not listen to him ; nor was it prepared to endure from a young Member a ha- rangue full of personalities, though these personalities appear to have been quite as good as many which have been delivered since by the same man to an attentive audience, and received with loud applause. As it ever happens, much that is admired in an established reputation appears contemptible in struggling merit. Mr. Disraeli has taken many liberties with the House, and has been applauded for them in later years; but because he ventured to do so in his first speech he was laughed at and coughed down.” There is a close and curious examination of the immediate matter which led to Disraeli’s first open assault upon Peel. But instead of that bit of minute investigation, we will take for another ex- tract, Lord Palmerston’s 4! to Disraeli when the adventurer thought to curry favour with the Minister of the day by attacking the late Foreign Secretary out of office. The occasion was a mo- tion to unite the diplomatic and consular services, which Peel oO ed. Peat length Lord Palmerston rose. Mr. Disraeli’s motion, said the noble Lord, with his usual keenness and readiness, was ostensibly aimed at a change in public establishments, but was really an attack on the course taken by him when he held the office of Secretary of State for Foreign Af- fairs. He agreed with Sir Robert Peel, that Mr. Disraeli had laid down no grounds whatever for adopting such a proposition. He had never heard a speech so little supported by assertion, far less by proof, as that which the ember for Shrewsbury had delivered. The honourable gentleman had told the House, that for a length of time his mind had been steadily fixed upon Gazette after Gazette, and that his whole attention had been directed to the appointment of consuls. The information to be derived from news- papers might be very extensive, but the study of gazettes could not be ually profitable for enlarging the mind and improving the understanding. If the onourable gentleman, instead of having so sedulously watched the appointments of consuls as they appeared in the Gazette, had taken the trouble of collecting proper materials for throwing a light upon the subject, and had studied the writers on the law of nations, he might possibly, with the talent and ingenuity he possessed, have furnished himself with better grounds for arriving at a full understanding of the subject. But, in fact, the proposition was merely made in order to enable the honourable gentle- man to enter upon a detailed criticism of Lord Palmerston’s appointments. It was quite true, as Sir Robert Peel had said, that every man thought him- self capable of being a good consul. But Mr. Disraeli’s proposition only showed how little he understood the el tary principles of the duties of consuls, The duties of a consul differed in every respect from the duties of a diplomatist. A consul had to look after the vessels coming into the port where he resided. He had to settle the disputes between the masters of ships and their crew, and to listen to the complaints of British subjects against the local authorities. He was also charged by law with the duty of relieving distressed Englishmen, and of making advances to enable them to return home. These were not by their nature diplomatic duties. To diplo- macy belonged the intercourse between nation and nation, and between the government of one country and the government of another. Consular duties related to the intercourse Letween the subjects of one country and the sub- jects of another. The two duties were essentially distinct, though it might occasionally happen that a diplomatist performed the duty of a consul, or a consul that of a diplomatist, when unexpected circumstances occurred. But it was not, after all, Mr. Disraeli’s real object that his motion should be carried: it was simply a personal attack. After going into a long detail, and showing in almost every instance how ill-informed or unfair Mr. Dis- raeli was in his statement of facts, Lord Palmerston cleverly observed, that though the honourable gentleman had affirmed the general principle that political adherents ought to be rewarded by appointments, it was to be re- | gretted that Mr. Disraeli should in his own person be an exception to his own rule. Lord Palmerston trusted, that after the proofs of talent and ability the honourable Member for Shrewsbury had exhibited, the Govern- | brought upon an equality with the falcon; for I was then told that, were it case, and that before the session terminated the House might see Mr. Dis- | otherwise, the heron, when crossing these plains, is at so great a distance ment would overlook his want of industry in getting up the details of the raeli’s maxim applied to his own case. Lord Palmerston defended the ap- pointment of his relation, whom he had conscientiously selected because he was fully capable of performing satisfactorily his responsible duties. Any- thing personal to Lord Palmerston Mr. Disraeli was quite entitled to urge with any —— of antithesis, epigram, or force, that he might think proper. Though no longer a Minister of the Crown, Lord Palmerston was fully re- sponsible for what he had done when in office ; but he thought that it was not | Honourable Ferdinand St. John. Pub very generous and not very becoming in any gentleman, merely for the pur- oy of attacking a political opponent, to draw into the discussion men who ad no connexion with the party conflicts within the walls of the House of Commons, who were most sensitive about their characters, and whose influ- ence in supporting the interests of their country in foreign lands depended very much upon the estimation in which they appeared to be held at home. This was wantonly wounding the feelings of persons whom a political parti- san could have no motive for attacking. ‘ Therefore,’ said Lord Palmerston, in conclusion, ‘ I would say to the honourable Member, that in future I beg he will turn his steel upon me. Here am I who did it. Let him attack me as much as he pleases. But let him permit me to entreat, on the part of those who are serving the public in official stations abroad, that he will be as sparing as possible of their feelings; and that, if in any case he should feel it his duty to embark in a crusade against any of them, he will at least take pains to be quite sure that the information upon which he founds his charge is thoroughly correct, before he says that which, going forth to the world, must inflict pain on those who deserved no censure, and must hazard a material injury to their efficiency as servants of the public.’ ”’ ST. JOHN’S RAMBLES IN SEARCH OF SPORT.* Tue various and exciting adventures in Asia, Africa, and America, which the pursuit of sport by Englishmen has produced, renders anything European somewhut tame in comparison. “ The blood more stirs To rouse a lion than to start a hare.” What is watching for wild-fowl or black-cocks, compared with lying in wait for a crocodile, or hippopotamus, or rogue elephant? Stalking a stag, or tackling a wild boar, is indeed something ; but the rarest of European sport is the commonplace of less cultivated regions. The field-sports of the Continent, however, may offer a topic of interest by means of comparison, together with incidental pictures of manners. For example, the foreign landlord seems regularly to sell his game, even if a prince; and though the practice is strange to English notions, it goes towards the expense of “ preserving,” and makes the royal and noble sportsmen useful, which is more than can be said of an English battue. Where the fowlers are stuck at outlets to take their chance of something being driven past them, the healthful breeze-inhaling activity of home shooting is preferable; the forest and mountain sports of Germany require more patience, endurance, and activity. Hunting and racing after the English mode seem to be cultivated, and even steeple-chasing. These were doings in Bohemia. ““T was agreeably surprised at finding a double pack of splendid stag- hounds, with English huntsman and whips, all perfectly appointed and well mounted. The hounds are kept by a dub formed of gentlemen from all arts of the Austrian dominions, some of whom are well known at Belvoir. The whole establishment was placed under the able management of Prince . .» Who had consented to act as master of the hounds. This ar- rangement proved advantageous from the Prince being Colonel of a regiment of Hussars quartered in the town, and consequently being obliged to remain the greater part of the year on the spot. **T dined with him every day during my stay, and a small party of ladies met every evening in the Princess’s drawingroom, After these soirées, we men adjourned to the club for a rubber of whist and cigars. “The stag-hounds met four days a week. On the other two we took a gallop with a capital pack of harriers belonging to Count C——, who kindly sent them over every season from his residence. “There is scarcely any timber-jumping, but rivers and brooks in abun- dance. The country is generally very deep, and the hounds so fast that a strong stable of horses is required by those who wish to live with them. “Many of these gentlemen keep from ten to fourteen well-bred English hunters, each averaging in value from two to three hundred pounds. My finances obliged me to content myself with a stable of screws, which I picked up cheap: some with only hind-legs to be depended upon; others vicious or hard-mouthed, runaway brutes; but fourteen stone, a strong arm, and heavy ground, soon brought these last to their senses. “The very first day I was out we had a capital run, but darkness coming on I found myself alone, some eighteen miles from home, with a hot washy chestnut dead beat. When at last I reached a miserable village, no one was to be found who could speak a word of German; nor did I at that time un- derstand anything of the Bohemian language; but I a to get my horse into a stable, and, by dint of rammaging about, procured all that was necessary to make him comfortable for the night. What with gesticulations and constantly repeating the name of the town where I lived, I succeeded in procuring a dung-cart to convey me home; where I arrived, having slept soundly through a drenching rain. I afterwards heard that the inhabitants of the village had shown so little disposition to meet my wishes from ima- gining that top-boots and a red coat could only be worn by a livery-servant.”’ Mr. St. John has resided for many years in various parts of the Continent, travelling, visiting, and sporting from Paris to St. Pe- tersburg, and from Elba to Denmark. Italy is but so so—in fact there is no indigenous game, only birds of passage, as wild-fowl ; for which the Pontine Marshes would seem to be a fair place, for those who like to risk the malaria. The royal hunt in France had too much of the old régime about it to suit English notions; Rus- sian sport near Moscow is like the rest of Russian civilization or art—imitative and hollow. There is a kind of hawking in Hun- gary; which, however, seems an Austrian importation, not na- tional. “ After witnessing with much interest all the preparations and ‘consulta- tions relating to the sport we expected, I began to look about me for a place to which herons would be likely to resort. To my surprise, I could distin- guish nothing but downs extending as far as the eye could reach. ‘“* Upon expressing myself to this effect, I was informed, that about noon we should see herons soaring at a great height; that they frequent the Danube, to which they return about that time of day from a fishing excur- sion on a large lake many miles inland. The heron, being well gorged, is that the hawk would seldom succeed in striking his quarry. , , “To each horseman was handed a small bag, containing a live pigeon, which is attached to the wrist by a few yards of string. This pigeon is al- lowed to flutter to the extent of its tether, as a lure to recover the hawk after his flight; for should he have missed the heron, he pounces upon this poor * Rambles in Germany, France, Italy, and Russia, in Search of Sport. By the -ublished by Long and Co,

Page 27

e'tieoegereFenFt™ * fF ss. err eS 6 = F sod ~~ ce XUM December 31, 1853.] bird, bearing it to the earth; when the sportsman, throwing himself from orse, secures the hawk. “ To succeed in effecting this, it is necessary to follow the hawk at full speed when he is in pursuit of his game, during which his object is to soar high, in order to strike his prey from above.. The heron, fully aware of his intention, does his best to prevent it, and should he fail, will turn over on his back; and he has been known to transfix the hawk with his long beak at the moment he makes his swoop. “ The object of the rider is to regain ssion of the falcon, generally a valuable bird. In attempting this while riding full gallop, with my face turned towards the sky and watching the mancouvres of the two combatants, I occasionally found my horse and self rolling over each other. ‘“* Hawking appeared to me exciting, from the uncertainty which exists until the last moment as to which bird will get the best of the contest. It has also the advantage of being a resource at a time when no other sport is in season.” Mr. St. John was an observer of the German Revolution in 1848, and was driven about from place to place, as the tide of patriotism ebbed and flowed ; the popular anger of the peasants showing itself strongly against the game-laws in many places. Our sports- man had to beat a retreat from a chateau in Oberland, which he had taken on lease for nine years on account of its sporting facilities. He finally settled with his family at Ettlingen, where the peasantry were not so violent or averse to strangers hiring THE SPE manorial rights. Here he remained tolerably quiet amid all the disturbance going on around him; his narrative giving a good idea of a country distracted by insurrection and civil war on a small scale. This is a sample of the effects of habit. | “ One night, at about the hour of ten, we perceived a great conflagration ; | and supposing it to proceed from Rastadt, I ordered a carriage, and with my | wife and sons drove out in that direction. | “* We met several waggons filled with wounded men, and on approaching | the Prussian lines were informed that the garrison of Rastadt, profiting by the darkness of the night, had made a sally, and having set fire to a small town called Niederbiihl, had made a spirited attack upon the besieging army. ‘ It was only after considerable loss on both sides that the insurgents were repulsed and forced to retire within the fortress. “* As we proceeded, we began to distinguish, by the light of bivouacs, masses of troops on each side of the road. * Our Pe game was, however, soon arrested by a body of cavalry. An officer, riding rapidly up, showed considerable surprise on perceiving me, in a shooting-jacket and wide-awake hat, driving a pair of hot tearing tho- rough-breds, with a lady sitting quietly in the carriage. On my informing him that we were English, and that we had no other object than that of see- ing the fun, he seemed to make some allowance for that inveterate habit of poking their noses into matters which nowise concern them, so generally ascribed to our countrymen on the Continent. * I succeeded in being permitted to take a cross-road leading to the hills, whence we obtained a view of the burning town, the bright glare of which extended many miles.”’ BELL’S EDITION OF DRYDEN’S POETICAL WORKS." Tur “Annotated Edition of the English Poets” starts well with Dryden; who, whatever other claims he may have to the priority thus given him, owes the preference probably to the opportunity | he furuishes to the accomplished editor of displaying the kind and extent of resources at his command for the execution of the onerous task he has undertaken. From the specimen before us, | Mr. Bell appears to have estimated correctly the sort of informa- | tion required in an edition of the Poets, which must from its cheapness demand a very large sale to repay the charges of the publishers. His illustrative and critical notes are amply sufli- cient to throw light on historical allusions, recondite images, and difficult phrases ; while he refrains from that discursive gossip which, charming and amusing as it often is, helps nothing to the understanding of an author commented on, but much to swell the price and bulk of the edition of his writings. To such of the | pon of Dryden in this volume as require it he prefixes separate | istorical and literary introductions, which are far more conve- niently placed than if they were intermingled with the narrative of the Life, where they would disturb its continuous interest. Mr. Bell has fairly earned so far the highest praise that can be bestowed on the editor of a poet who has been so often and so well edited before,—he has judiciously selected the information necessary, most of which has been of course used by his predeces- sors; and has throughout been guided by the principle of saying what his readers would want to be told, not all that could be told. | Steadily keeping in view the object of the publishers, to provide a thoroughly good edition of the English} Poets at a price within the means and of a size within the convenience of almost all per- sons who can read them, he has carefully avoided the besetting sin of editors, who seem too often to have taken for their motto, “‘ Le superflu chose si necessaire.” The Fite of Dryden which Mr. Bell has composed for this edi- tion is, however, the best proof of the energy and industry with which he has applied himself to a work demanding and deserving both, and that if well executed will repay both by handing down to posterity the editor’s name in the best possible company—for who would wish better company than the illustrious band of Eng- lish poets? Twenty years ago, Mr. Mitford wrote, in his Life of Dryden, prefixed to the Aldine edition of the poet’s works, after speaking of Malone’s diligent researches— We are now probably in possession of all the information which it is possible to produce.” | Yet Mr. Bell has recovered from oblivion several interesting and | important letters, and has been able to correct a date relative to Dryden’s increase of pension, bearing directly on the question of his change of religion, and very materially altering the unfavour- | able inferences that have been drawn with respect to that event by previous biographers. It appears that it was Charles the Second who granted the increase of 100/. per annum ; and that his brother | James at first reduced the Laureate’s pay to its original 200/. per | * Poetical Works of John Dryden. Edited by Robert Bell. Volume I, Published | by Parker and Son. | twenty words together (en suitte) which were all Monos; llables. CTATOR. 3 annum, in addition to taking away the annual butt of sherry. The additional 100/. was indeed afterwards restored, but while Dryden was still a Protestant. Mr. Bell thus sums up the results of his discovery, founded on an Exchequer warrant, furnished to him by Mr. Charles Beville Dryden. “I have dwelt upon these circumstances because they coutribute materially to remove the suspicion hitherto attached to this pension, and which would now seem to be unwarranted by the facts. Nearly all Dryden's biographers have been influenced, more or less, by that suspicion. Even Dr. Johnson, who is unwilling to pronounce judgment on a question which no human evidence can satisfactorily decide, and who is desirous to put the best con- struction on the motives by which Dryden was actuated in changing his religion, cannot help betraying the doubt which the supposed connexion be- tween the conversion and the pension had raised in his mind. His words are memorable— “ «That conversion will always be suspected that apparently concurs with inte- rest. He that never finds his error till it hinders his progress towards wealth or honour, will not be thought to love truth for herself.’ “Mr. Macaulay, whose character of Dryden, distinguished by a spirit of invective as indiscriminate as it is severe, must inspire all dispassionate readers with deep regret, brings forward the charge with circumstanti minuteness, * * Finding that if he continued to call himself a Protestant, his services would be overlooked, he declared himself a Papist. The King’s parsimony instantly relaxed. Dryden was gratified with a pension of one hundred pounds a year, and was em- ployed to detend his new religion both in prose and verse.” “I have not been able to discover on what authority this statement is made: nor have I found the accusation exhibited in this shape —_ else. According to the evidence of dates, the pension, instead of following the conversion, was antecedent to it. Ido not know whether this will be considered to alter the case much. If we are still to believe that on changed his religion for a pension, the morality of the transaction will not be mended by proving that he secured his pension before he avowed his change; but as it is desirable to be accurate in such matters, in order that others may be able to form an opinion as well as ourselves, the safer course is to state facts in the order of their occurrence. The pension was resumed in 1685-’6, and the anonymous Defence of the Duchess of York's Paper, in which Dryden for the first time espoused the doctrines of the Church of Rome, appeared late in 1686. The Hind and Panther was not published till the middle of 1687. The conversion, no doubt, followed close upon the pension—so close, that it was difficult to resist the reasoning which insisted upon tracing a connexion between them. “The fact, however, disclosed by the Exchequer warrant I have quoted, which shows that the pension in reality dated as far back as May 1684, diminishes very sensibly the force of the imputation, if it do not prove it to be altogether groundless. If the pension had been granted to Dryden to purchase his services in defence of his new religion, he would scarcely have passed over two years without doing something towards acquitting himself of the obligation it imposed upon him; nor would he have waited for the accession of James to avow an apostacy to the benefits of which Charles was so much better entitled,” Mr. Bell also is enabled, through the same gentleman's assist- ance, to correct the ordinarily assigned date of the poet’s marriage ; which, generally placed in 1665 or 1666, is now shown by the pro- duction of the licence from the office of the Vicar-General of the Archbishop of Canterbury, to have taken place in 1663, and, con- trary tu general opinion, to have been with the consent of the lady’s father, the Earl of Berkshire. We do not comprehend why Mr. Bell, evidently anxious as he is four Dryden’s good fame, should have taken no notice of the scandalous letter cited by Mr. Mitford from the Chesterfield collection, which throws a suspicion upon Lady Elizabeth Howard of an intrigue with Lord Chestertield pre- viously to her marriage with Dryden. He was bound, we think, either to clear up the scandal if possible—if not, to mention it as matter of history. His silence will not preveut the story from being known, while it may affect his candour. The only other omission that has occurred to us in rapidly glancing through the biography is, that nothing, to the best of our recollection, 1s said of Dryden’s design to write an epic poem on the subject of King Arthur. Mr. Bell may repair both omissions in succeeding vo- lumes by means of a preface or an appendix. Meanwhile, he gives us what is better than scandal or designs never accomplished—a letter of verbal criticism never before published, and addressed by Dryden to Walsh the author of a Dialogue on Women. “ You command me Deare Sir, to make a kind of critique on your Essay : tis an hard province ; but if I were able to undertake it, possibly, a greater | proofe of friendship is scarcely to be found ; where to be truly a friend, a man must seeme to exercise a little malice. As it happens, 1am nowincum- bered with some necessary business, relating to one of my Sonns; which when it is over, I shall more leysure to obey you, in case there appeare any farther need. There is not the least occasion of reflecting on your disposition of the piece, nor the thoughts. I see nothing to censure in either of them. Besides this the style is easy and naturall ; as fit for Dialogue, as if you had set Tully before you ; and as gallant as Fontenelle in his plurality of Worlds. In the correctness of the English there is not much for me to animadvert. Be pleasd therefore, to avoid the words, don’t, can’t, shan’t, and the like abbreviations of syllables ; which seem to me t» savour of a little rusticity. As for Pedantry you are not to be taxd with it. I remember I hinted some- what of concludding your Sentences with prepositions or conjunctions some- times, which is not elegant, as in your first sentence— (See the consequences of.) I find likewise, that you make not a due distinction betwixt that, and who ; A man that is not proper ; the relative who is proper. That, ought alwayes to signify a thing ; who, a person. An acquaintance that wou'd have undertook the business ; true English is, an acquaintance who wou'd have undertaken the business. Iam contident I need not proceed with these lit- tle criticisms, which are rather cavillings. Philareque, or the Critique on Balzac, observes it as a fault in his style, that he has 1m many places written I observe | this in some lines of your Noble Epigramm : ¢ and am often guilty of it my- selfe through hastinesse. Mr. Waller counted this a vertue of the English ‘**+ The following is the epigram referred to— * GRIPE AND SHIFTER. Rich Gripe does ail his thoughts and cunning bend, T’ encrease that wealth he wants the soul to spend. Poor Shifter does his whole contrivance set, To spend that wealth he wants the sense to get. How happy would appear to each his fate, Had Gripe his humour, or he Gripe’s Estate ! Kind fate and fortune, blend them if you can, And of two wretches make one happy man.’ . “ It will be seen, that Walsh implicitly adopted Dryden's suggestions,”

Page 28

4 SUPPLEMENT TO [Saturday, tongue, that it cou’d bring so many words of the Teutonique together, and et the smoothness of the Verse not vitiated. Now I am speaking of your | Blenkinsop.’ . . . . He said, ‘ Nobody must go out or in ; the house is under is , visitation.’ My heart sank when I remembered Mark’s forebodings of him- spigramm, I am sure you will not be offended with me for saying, there is some imperfection in the two last lines. “ Blend ’em together, Fate, ease both their paine ; And of two wretches make one happy man. The word blend includes the sense of together—ease both their paine : paine is Singular, both is Plurall. But indeed paine may have a collective and plurall signification. Then the Rhyme is not full of pain and Man. An half-rhyme is not always a fault ; but in the close of any paper of verses, tis to be avoyded. And after all, tell me truly, if those words, ease both their paine ; were not superfluous in the sence, and onily put, for the sake of the rhyme, and filling up the verse. It came into my ead to alter them, and I am affrayd for the worse. “Kind Fate, or Fortune, blend them, if you can: And, of two wretches, make one happy man. Kind fate looks a little harsh: fate without an epi- thet, is always taken in an ill sence. Hind added, changes that significa- tion. (Fati valet hora benigni.) The words (if you can) have almost the same fault I tax’d in your ending of the line: but being better considerd, that is, whether fortune or fate, can alter a Man’s temper, who is already so temperd: and leaving it doubtfull, I thinke does not prejudice the thought, in the last line. Now I begin, to be in for Cakes and Ale; and why should I not put a quere on those other lines? Poor Shift, does all his whole con- trivance set, To spend that wealth he wants the Sence to get. All his whole contrivance, is but all his Contrivance, or his whole Contrivance; thus, one of those words, lookes a little like tautology. Then, an ill-natur’d man might ask, how he cou’d spend wealth, not having the sence to get it? But this is trifling, in me. For your sence is very intelligible ; which is enough to secure it. And, by your favour, so is Martial’s: Viribus hic non est, hic non est utilis annis: and yet in exactness of Criticism, your censure stands good upon him.—I am call’d to dinner, and have onily time to add a great truth ; that I am from the bottome of my Soul, Deare Sir, Your most humble Servant and true lover Joun Drypen. “Your apostrophe’s to your Mistresse, where you break off the thrid of your discourse, and address youreself to her, are, in my opinion, as fine turnes of gallantry, as I have mett with anywhere. * For my Honour’d Friend, William Walsh Esqr. These.”’ Of course Dryden’s life was tolerably well known before: Ma- lone, Walter Scott, and Mitford, are not men who are in the habit of leaving much for after comers to glean. That Mr. Bell has got so much, indicates the spirit with which he has worked to give at- traction and value to his edition, and to carry out the publishers’ design. We cannot but anticipate for the series that has commenced so well a striking success. It will not displace those larger and more showy editions of the separate poets which ornament our libraries; but it promises to be for its price (half-a-crown a volume) the best collected edition of the Poets yet produced. The volume before us may fairly take rank beside the Aldine volumes; and the series will, we prophesy, henceforth take a permanent place among favourite gift-books. CHERRY AND VIOLET.* Lixe the previous tales of this writer, Cherry and Violet exhibits considerable knowledge of the times which are supposed to be de- scribed by the pen of a contemporary, as well as dramatic dexterity in sustaining the autobiographical character assumed. Possibly there is an improvement in both these respects, though with a little affectation of simplicity. The attraction of the story is not so great as in the former tales; because the reader has no histori- cal association with the persons, as in the case of Milton and his wife, or Palissy the Potter ; while the persons are not of the class which inspire the greatest interest in fiction. Although*the Great Plague is the principal incident of the story, the story itself begins with the peaceful times of Charles the First, when love-locks were the reigning fashion, and the hair is made somewhat prominent, for the sufficient reason that Cherry’s father is a hairdresser, who keeps a shop on London Bridge. Mr. Cherry's business therefore serves as a political barometer; passing from aga with long hair, to reduced receipts with Roundheads, dropping almost to zero in periods of great trouble, and reviving with the Restoration. A conspicuous person in the piece is Cherry’s cousin Mark; for whom she entertains a girlish attach- ment, but the smart young apprentice barber-surgeon is attached to her friend Violet. Till the plague breaks out, the matter of the story is domestic ; the chief occurrences being the death of Cherry’s mother, and the friendship of their lodger the Reverend Mr. Blower, a churchman under ban. To this divine Cherry is finally married, in the meridian of life; having nursed him during the Great Plague, when a turn in the political wheel had made him Reetor of Whitechapel. The theme is well varied by minute incidents and change of scene. Mark, to escape the plague, and his rich old wife, whom he had married in a pique at Violet’s coquetry, flies into the country, while Cherry goes down to her future brother-in-law’s house before the marriage. The humble nature of the life, and the profession of two of the principal dramatis persone, are relieved by oldfashioned simplicity of manners, and a certain homely refinement. The plague is the main feature of the book. By it Cherry gains a husband, but loses her father. Old Mr. Cherry goes out, and never returns; the actual fate of some during that disastrous period, when men fell down suddenly stricken, and were carried off in the dead-cart. The following is a scene from Cherry’s adventures in search of her father. “‘ I darted through the toll-gate, the moment it was clear, and made for Cheapside. Oh! how awful the change during a few weeks! Not a_crea- ture stirring, where lately all had been alive. At the turn of a lane, I met a man wheeling a dead person in a hand-barrow, and turning his own head aside. Houses were deserted or silent, marked with the fatal red cross. Within one, I heard much wailing and sobbing. At length I reached Mark’s house. ’Twas all shut up, and a watchman sat smoking on the door-step. He said, * Cherry and Violet: a Tale of the Great Plague. By the Author of “‘ Mary Powell.” Published by Hall and Virtue, ‘Young woman, what do you want? I said, ‘I want to speak to Mark self; andI said, ‘ Ishedead ?? ‘I know not whether he be dead, or no,’ re- lied the watchman ; ‘a maid-servant was put into the cart the night before ast, and a ’prentice the night before that. Since then they’ve kept mighty quiet, and asked for nothing, though I’ve rung the house-bell two or three times. But the night-watch told me that a woman put her head out of win- dow during the night, and called out, ‘Oh! death, death, death !’ three several times.’ “ T said, ‘ Ring the bell again !’ ‘He did so, and pulled it so violently this time that the wire broke. We gave each other a blank look. ‘“* *See !’ said I, ‘ there’s a window open on the second story.’ “ *’Tis where the woman put out her head and screeched, during the night,’ said he. ** * Could not you get a ladder,’ said I, ‘ and look in ? “* Well,’ said he, ‘1 will, if you will stay here and see that no one comes out while I’m gone.’ “So I said I would : but I should have been a sorry guard had any one in- deed rushed forth, so weak was I and trembling. I thought of Mark lying within, perhaps stiff and cold, “ Presently the watchman returned with a ladder; but it was too short; so then he had to go for another. This time he was much longer gone, so that I was almost beside myself with waiting. All this time not a creature passed. At length a man came along the middle of the street, holding a red rod before him. He cried, ‘What do you there?’ I said, ‘We know not whether the family be dead or have deserted the house—a watchman has gone for a ladder to look through the open window.’ He said, ‘I will send some one to look to it,’ and passed on. “Then the watchman and another man appeared, carrying a long ladder between them. They set it against the window, and the watchman went up. When he had looked in, he cried out in a fearful voice, ‘ There’s a woman in white, lying all along on the floor, seemingly dead, with a casket of jewels in her hand—shall I goin?’ ‘Ay,do,’ I exclaimed. The other man, hearing talk of jewels, cried, ‘ Here, come you down, if you be afraid, and I'll go in,’ and gave the ladder a little shake ; which, however, only made the watch- man at once jump through the window. Then up came two men, saying, ‘We are from my Lord Mayor, empowered to seal up any property that may be left, if the family indeed be dead.’ So they went up the ladder too, and the other man had no mind to go now; and presently the watchman comes out of the house-door, looking very pale ; and says he, ‘ Besides the lady on the floor, with all her jewels about her, there’s not a soul alive nor dead - the house; the others must have escaped over the back-walls and out- ouses.” “Then my heart gave a great beat, for I concluded Mark had escaped, leaving his wife to die alone; and now all my thoughts returned to my father.’ TOOGOOD’S REMINISCENCES OF A MEDICAL LIFE.* Tus volume contains the pith of upwards of fifty years’ experi- ence, by a country practitioner, head of a provincial institution. Of novelty there is little, of discovery nothing; but there are the remarkable cases of an observing with the suggestions of a judicious mind during a long medical life. To teach, in sense of method, is not of course the object of the volume. It pre- sents the results of experience in anomalies which hardly admit of being exhibited except in desultory lucubration, and of that quickness of perception and tact which only long habit can attain. hese qualities, indeed, cannot be imparted to others. They can only be reached by close observation and thoughtful reflection ; but the record of their exercise hastens and extends as it were the student’s experience, making him “old before his time.” The contents of the volume consist of cases too numerous and too various to admit of classification. Sometimes they are simply puzzling or anomalous; the patient dies or recovers we know not why. At others a connexion or sequence may be assumed, as in the alleged effect of pitch pills in skin disease, though we cannot explain the principle. A third class consists of deductions larger than usual, from the author’s particular experience, as in his sug- gestions on the different modes of counter-irritation. Like most old practitioners, Dr. Toogood has much faith in simple remedies, and is inclined often to place confidence in a patient's opinion of his own case and to act on his suggestions. Unlike many practitioners, whether old or young, our author frankly admits his errors and mistakes, and records cases where the patient was saved by luck, or his own resistance to the remedy, or by something at all events other than the doctor. Here is a case where he goes further and takes the fatal result on himself. The disease is very severe sore ‘ throat, and the remarks may furnish a seasonable hint. ~ ‘“* Cynanche laryngea sometimes is ushered in by an attack of common sore throat, and sometimes the two diseases are coexistent. Mrs. Burt, aged sixty-four, was seized with shivering, after exposure to cold, on Saturday morning, followed by fever and sore throat. The uvula and both tonsils were much inflamed and ulcerated ; and in this state she continued to suffer much inconvenience until the following Wednesday morning, when she was so much relieved as not to require further attention. Her son being under my care at the time, I saw her at ten o'clock the same evening; when she declared herself free from all complaint, and told me that she had been sit- ting up at work the greater part of the day, and at that moment was pre- paring to assist in taking her son out of bed, and making it for the night. On visiting him the following morning, I wasalarmed by hearing his mother, who slept in an adjoining room, breathing in a slow, laborious manner, with a shrill or stridulous sound. I found that she had been attacked with cynanche laryngea early in the morning, and was suffering from pain, cough, fever, and a sense of suffocation. General and local bleeding, with large and repeated doses of emetic tartar, and afterwards of calomel, together with coun- ter-irritation, were immediately resorted to ; indeed all the usual remedies were actively and most energetically employed for ten hours, when she died quite mes vty The remedies produced languor and faintness, but no effectual re- lief ; although a partial abatement of the most violent symptoms lulled me into a false security, and prevented me from adopting that course which, I “ believe, would have saved her life. Never did I more sincerely regret that the operation of bronchotomy was not performed ; but the duration of the disease was so short, that I did not feel myself justified in proposing it until * Reminiscences of a Medical Life; with Cases and Practical Illustrations. By Jonathan Toogood, Extra Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians, Fellow of ' p= | as College of Surgeons, &c. Published by May, Taunton; and Longman

Page 29

XUM December 31, 1853.] THE SPE CTATOR. 5 other means had been tried. It terminated in a more sudden and unex- pected manner than I was prepared for. The dissection proved that the | disease was confined to the upper part of the tube, which was blocked up by flakes of coagulable lymph; and as the surrounding parts were all in a healthy state, there is every reason to believe that the operation would have been attended with complete success. “Tf, in this dangerous disease, large bleedings and active remedies do not succeed within a few hours after its invasion, I believe the best course is to resort immediately to the operation, and not to wait until the powers of life are so far exhausted as to leave but little hope of success.” Poisoning is one of the most curious influences that affect life, and perhaps one that has been the least thoroughly considered in its principles. In a mineral poison, which acts as it were mecha- nically by destroying the coat of the stomach, the only question of course is quantity and time. If the persen has taken enough, and has retained it long enough, death is certain The narcotic ag are less certain; that is, some persons will recover from a arge dose, while others die from a small one, difference of condi- tion being doubtless the cause, though whether idiosyncracy, or some temporary state of health, may be a question. The operation of poison from a living creature is still more uncertain, except in the deadliest of poisonous reptiles—though there is probably un- certainty even there. Among several persons bit by a mad dog, the cases will differ almost individually: so much so that it has been argued that the hydrophobia is less in the dog than latent in the person, and that a wound of a similar nature to the bite might have induced the disease. Of the deadlier serpents of Tropical countries the really medically recorded cases are few in number : the numerous second and third hand stories we have wear a strong cha- racter of the marvellous, not necessarily false, but requiring unques- tionable evidence to be received as true. The bite of the common viper varies greatly in its effects, occasionally fatal, sometimes very slight ; either result being perhaps owing to the condition of the animal at the time. The following is a curious case, not only for the rapidity and urgency of the symptoms, but the result either way. Either the poison was very active and virulent, or the man was in a state disposed to receive it. Yet his constitution over- came it ; for, beyond the brandy, the treatment was probably less efficacious for the poison than as a remedy for its after effects. “ John oe. a strong, healthy man, aged forty-seven years, was bitten by a viper in the hand, on Saturday April 18th. “wo small drops of blood issued from the two punctures, and the specks afterwards became white. In ten minutes he was seized wit! pain in his bowels and a desire to go to stool, and bad two purging evacuations ; he then felt something in his throat, as if he should be suffocated, and drank some cider to remove the sensation ; this was succeeded by hoarseness, sickness, and copious vomiting of bilious matter. With great difficulty and the assistance of two persons he walked a very short distance to a house. The following symptoms rapidly succeeded each other : spasmodic affection of the throat, coming on by fits, with a choking sensation ; great faintness, sickness, and vomiting; shivering; cold sweats 5 excruciating pain in the bowels, and diarrhwa. In this state I found him one hour and a half after the accident. “The countenance was now extremely anxious, sunk and cold, as well as the whole surface of the body, and particularly the hands and feet ; he com- plained of giddiness in the head, and the circulation was so languid that the pulse was scarcely perceptible at the wrist. The back of the hand was much swollen, red, and very painful, and soon assumed a livid hue; there was no streak up the arm in the course of the absorbents. Some brandy and water had been given before my arrival ; it was repeated, with fifty drops of tine- ture of opium. This was rejected immediately, as was a second dose; but after a short time the stomach became more tranquil, and cordials, with opium, were retained ; the skin became warmer, and the pulse more full and distinct. The symptoms, however, did not wholly subside for many hours, particularly the spasmodic affection of the throat and organs of respiration, which were of the longest duration and most distressing. Six grains of ca- lomel and two of opium were directed to be taken at night, and an active purgative in the morning, with cold applications to the hand and arm. The night was passed without sleep, and he was affected with troublesome stran- gury. The violent symptoms were much abated, but the swelling had spread to the elbow, and the limb was very painful. On the following day, the swelling of the fore-arm had subsided ; but it extended to the shoulder, breast, neck, and back, down to the loins, the whole of which was painful, «demat- ous, and of a mulberry colour, ‘The patient gradually recovered, but several weeks elapsed before the natural appearance of the skin was restored.” PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. Books. The Foreign Tour of Messrs. Brown, Jones, and Robinson ; being the History of what they Saw and Did in Belgium, Germany, Switzer- land, and Italy. By Richard Doyle. Balder. Part the First. By the Author of “The Roman.” Essays on Juvenile Delinquency. By Micaiah Hill, Esq., and C. F, Corn- wallis. The Annotate d Edition of the English Poets. Author of “* The History of Russia,"’ * Lives of the English Poets. The Right Honourable Benjamin Disraeli, M.P. ; a Literary and Po- litical Biography. Addressed to the New Generation. Edited by Robert Bell, ” On the State of Man subseque nt to the Promulgation of Christianity, Part IV. (Small Books on Great Subjects. Edited by a Few Well- wishers to Knowledge. No. XXII.) [The continuation of this survey of the social and religious state of Europe after the promulgation of Christianity, embraces the period from the twelfth century.to the age immediately preceding the Reformation. The facts which the writer brings forward are well known, and the broad conclusions not re- markable for novelty. Occasionally, however, remarks are thrown out of considerable value; and a good deal of interest is imparted to the book by the introduction of particular narratives from contemporary writers, whose details bring the opinions, manners, or customs of the age, before the reader in areal and lively manner. The volume is unequally written, but well worth perusal. ] A History of China to the Present Time. Yneluding an Account of the Rise and Progress of the present Religious Insurrection in that Em- ire. [A eupeation account of Chinese history from the earliest times, doubled up in 125 pages. This is followed by an account of the Opium War, in 40 | without littleness, and avoid trenchancy of line and streng pages; and 110 pages tell the story of the insurrection. The fact that a few years, about which we really know very little, occupy nearly as much space as upwards of two thousand years, will sufficiently indicate the anima- ting spirit of the volume.] The Cross and the Dragon, or the Fortunes of Christianity in China : with Notices of the Christian Mission and Missionaries, and some Account of the Chinese Secret Societies. By John Kesson, of the British Museum. [A narrative of the “fortunes of Christianity” in China, from its alleged introduction by St. Thomas or his successors, to the Protestant missions of the present day. It is a painstaking and conscientious book. } The Song of Roland, as chanted before the Battle of Hastings, by the Minstrel Taillefer. ‘Translated by the Author of “ Emilia Wyndham.” [Old chroniclers record*that the minstrel (or knight ?) Taillefer advanced trom the army of Duke William on the morning of the battle of Hastings, and sang the deeds of Roland, tossing his sword up in the air with one hand and catching it with the other. Versions of the Song of Roland, evidently written at a subsequent date, have long been known ; but a manuscript bear- ing internal evidence of authorship at about the time of the Conquest was discovered not very many years ago, and published, under Guizot’s auspices, in France. A modern French rendering by M. Vitet appeared recently in the Revue des Deux Mondes ; and the English edition before us is translated from that. The writer of the former gave only “ a rapid exposition of what was secondary and accessory,” but translated the principal parts “ faithfully, without abbreviation or the least alteration”: the authoress of Emilia Wyndham has “ not allowed herself the slightest deviation.” We fear that M. Vitet was not the best possible medium through which to arrive at the spirit of the original; as the English rendering, while bearing indisputable signs of diteral fidelity, does not nevertheless read with the right antique relish. The poem, which relates the betrayal and death of Roland at Ron- cesvalles, breathes a genuine martial heroism, but with less of rude gran- deur and downright vividness than might be looked for in a chant of such an »ge. ‘The style is something between a Scandinavian legend and a ballad of Spanish chivalry.] Thoughts and Sketches in Verse. By Caroline Dent. [Longwindedness is the characteristic of this volume of verses, The subject of the first poem is the death of old Siward; who, when he put on his armour to meet the irresistible foe as a soldier, if he expressed his resolve in words, did it briefly and to the point. In the poem he makes a speech, and rather a washy one, in the Annual style. The second piece, entitled “* Whispers of Hope,” is the pleasures of hope in respect to immortality; and though not devoid of music, it is deficient in tersely-expressed thought and human interest—a sort of outpouring in fact. The other pieces have often some- thing pleasing in sentiment and diction, but they are spun out beyond the interest of the subject.] The Old Story-Teller. Popular German Tales, collected by Ludwig Bechstein. With one hundred Illustrations by Richter. ; [Certainly the prettiest little book we have seen for some time. The stories ure not the modern makebelieves, whether in unequal imitation of the old style or in the now more prevalent manner of misty symbolism and morals, but genuine old tales of the Cinderella and Bluebeard species; both of which, indeed, with some other old acquaintances, in a slightly Germanized version, are included in the volume. In some, as the preface intimates, “a few necessary alterations have been made.’ The series, as a whole, is sufficiently absurd, simple, and inventive in the plots, to be amusing, with touches of pathetic beauty. The illustrations, by a well known German hand, are very charming; full of a homely quaintness, grace, and naiveté, in perfect accord with the spirit of the stories. They are small in action without falling into weakness. ] The Evil Star ; or the Tide and the Planet. Esq. In three volumes, [The subject of this novel is a large one, and perhaps not very well fitted for fiction. The aim of the author has been “ to show the progress of a struggle against the influences of our life’? which seem to originate in the non- adaptation of our character to our cireumstances ; for even where adversity or difficulty is the result of some other person’s power, the non-adaptation ye still applies. The life of Haydon might possibly suggest the idea, ut Mr. Colburn is not as yet equal to his subject. Here and there remarks on character in connexion with the theme will be found which argue thought and observation ; but the general current of the narrative is poor, with a fear- ful superfluity of words in proportion to substance. } Lucy Asheroft, the Manufacturer’s Daughter ; a Tale of the North. By the Reverend W. B. Flower, B.A., Incumbent of Kingskerswell, Devon. [A story showing how Lucy Ashcroft, the daughter of a rich, hardhearted, exacting manufacturer, was a means of softening her father and converting him to the Church,—aided, however, by the illness following a rap on the head, which he received in a revolt of his starving workmen. The story is well written, and the pictures of distress in a manufacturing town are striking; but everything is extreme, with strong traits of the churchman, The first and most prominent results of Mr, Ashcroft’s conversion are the restoration of the parish-church and frequent entertainment of the Rector.] Veterinary Medicines ; their Actions and Uses. By Finlay Dun, V.S., Lecturer on Materia Medica and Dietetics at the Edinburgh Veterina- ry College, and Author of Prize Essays on the “ Mismanagement of Farm Ilorses,”’ &e. (This volume is a veterinary pharmacopoeia, or materia medica; giving an account of the nature, preparations, properties, and doses of the different medicines used in the treatment of domestic animals. ‘This account is pre- ceded by a valuable introduction on the probable “ modus operandi” of me- dicines, avd on their general uses according to their class as emetics, stimu- lants. The elaborate nature of the work, and the soundly judicious spirit in which the subject is treated, show the progress that is making in veterinary studies. ] A Complete Collection of all the most useful Tables of Money, Weights, and Measures, Ancient and Modern, English and Foreign ; also a Se- lection of the most approved Rules of Mental Arithmetic. With nu- merous Examples and Solutions. Compiled for the use of his Pupils, by G. Williams, late Organizing Master, and Inspector under the Go- vernment Committee of Council of Education. [A variety of arithmetical and business tables form the first part of this work, which is followed by a great number of “sums” or exercises in mental arithmetic with rules. Im this art, however, practice is the only master; though rules and examples no doubt facilitate by putting the pupil in the way.] The Russian Shores of the Black Sea, &e, Additional Chapter, Nearly a quarter of a century has elapsed since Mr. Reade first appeared before the public as a poet, with Cain the Wanderer for his theme, now re- written and its title changed to Destiny. Since that first appearance, in 1829, Mr. Reade has continued his vocation through good and evil report ; and, after the lapse of nearly a generation since he first began, has revised A Novel. By E. Colburn, By Laurence Oliphant.

Page 30

6 SUPPLEMENT TO (Saturday, the whole of his works, and collected them into two goodly and presentable volumes. Or rather, it appears, he did this a year ago; dent they did not reach us till now. The new edition of ‘The Pictorial Book of Ballad Poetry” is worth a ut by some acci- better case than it appears in. Neither the paper, the cuts, nor the typo- | graphy are actually bad, but they might easil better; though that would raise the price. The work consists of a judicious selection of the best old ballads, from Perey, Ritson, and other editors, followed by modern imita- tions and a few translations. “Lucretia” isthe new volume of the cheap edition of Sir Bulwer Lytton’s works, with some alterations to render it more agreeable as a work of art; for the author — stands up for the soundness of its moral purpose. Mr. Bentley includes ‘* The Family that lived in the First Society” in his Rail- way Library. The popular periodical called “The Home Circle” closes the year with its ninth volume. The Poetical Works of John Edmund Reade. In two volumes. The Pictorial Book of Ancient Ballad Poetry of Great Britain, His- torical, Traditional, and R»mantic : to which are added, a Selection of Modern Imitations, and some Translations. Edited by J. S. Moore, S A new edition, revised and chronologically arranged, with Ad- ditions, Introductory Notices, a Glossary, &c. Lucretia ; or the Children of Night. By Sir Edward_Bulwer Lytton, Bart., M.P. With a Frontispiece. The Two Brothers ; or the Family that Lived in the First Society. By M. Raven. (Bentley’s Railway Library.) em mal ; a Thanksgiving Story of the Peabody Family. Second ition. The Home Circle. Volume IX. Who's Who in 1854. Edited by C. H. Oakes, M.A. Sixth year. Mar. Map of England and Wales; showing the Railways, Canals, and In- land Navigation. Compiled from the Ordnance Surveys and other sources, for the use of the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade, &e.; under the direction of Captain J. L. A. Simmons, R.E.; F. Mackenzie, Draftsman. Presented to the House of Com- mons by command of her Majesty. [We have little to add to the title of this excellent map, beyond saying that it is issued in seven partitions, to be joined together into a whole of large but not unwieldy dimensions; that the scale is five miles to an inch; and that the engraving is in the best style, and extremely legible. } PAMPHLETs. One Word for Russia and Two for Ourselves. By Pacificus. The Waste Places of Our Great Cities ; or the Voice of God in the Cholera. With Remarks on the recent Letter upon that subject of the Right Honourable Lord Palmerston. By the Reverend RK. Bu- chanan, D.D., Minister of Free Tron Church. Third thousand. Church Extension in the Diocese of London. Remarks on the Present State of the Metropolis Churches’ Fund, By a Layman. Illustrated with a Plan of the London District. The Position and Prospects of the National Society for the Education of the Poor in the Principles of the Established Church. A Letter addressed to the Reverend Canon Wordsworth, D.D., and to the Schoolmasters of the Parish Schools of the Chureh of England. With Appendix upon the Preparation and Examination of Candidates for Holy Orders. By George Antony Denison, M.A., Archdeacon of Taunton. A Practical Essay on the Water Supply of the Northern, Novrth- Eastern, and Eastern Portions of the Metropolis, comprising the Dis- tricts of the New River Company and East London Water Company : showing the recent Parliamentary Operations, &c. By W. Burch, Stewardstone Mills, Woodford, near London. Literary Gleanings. Wuo was Sipon1a ?—The character of Sidonia has puzzled many people ; but the fact really is, there never was such a man. Power of all kinds, but especially worldly power, has ever been this author’s adoration. It was na- tural that he should look with some degree of pride on the great Hebrew financiers of the age. The secret power of such a man as Rothschild, who could control cabinets, and influence all the political transactions of the earth, by pulling the wires which move the puppets who move the world, and yet remain entirely behind the scenes, calm, serene, and confident, the Hebrew merchant in his counting-house, had something in it exquisitely | captivating. The author of Coningsby” imagined how he would act, and what he would be in the same position; and thus gradually created a Dis- raeli Rothschild, and depicted him in Sidonia.—Benjamin Disraeli, a Poli- tical Biography. Puito-RvussiANisM IN 1836.—Can any one doubt that if the Governmen of St. Petersburg were transferred to the shores of the Bosphorus, a splendid and substantial European city would in less than twenty years spring up in the place of those huts which now constitute the capital of Turkey? What noble public buildings would arise, learned societies flourish, and the arts rosper? * * * * Can any rational mind doubt that these changes would ollow from the occupation of Constantinople by Russia? every one of which, so far as the difference in the case admitted, have been realized more than a } century in St. Petersburg? * * * * We shall find it is by the love of im- | provement, the security given by laws to life and property, but above all, owing to the encouragement given to commerce, that this empire (Russia) has, more than by conquest, been brought forth from her frozen regions to hold a first rank among the nations of Europe.—Codden’s Pamphlet on Russia. Tue Czar AND HIS Pre MinistEr.—Nicholas—“ I am not the man to eat my words ; and my threats are the least digestible of any.” Nessel- rode—** We may so masticate our words, and remove so much by a dexterous use of the fingers, of what is gristle or husk, that the operation is far from difficult or unpleasant.”” Nicholas—* France and England can never act to- ther.” Nesselrode— They did at Navarino.” Nicholas—* It was but c the day. You are grown over-cautious and somewhat timid ; I would not willingly say conscientious ; I would not hint at incapacity in a minister who served me so long and so faithfully. You seem almost to apprehend a coalition against me.” Nesselrode—“ God forbid! Luckily for us there is only one vigorous mind among the arbiters of human affairs."’ Nicholas— “ Nesselrode ! Nesselrode ! no flattery! What makes you start >’ Nessel- rode—* Sire, my incomplete meaning was, that at present there is only one vigorous mind among all the Powers of Europe which could inspire the fear of our humiliation. Certainly, too certainly, the time is advancing when the chief Continental Powers will unite in that confederacy. Already there is not a single one of them which does not see distinctly that Russia is too formidable for Europe.’’—Landor’s Last Fruit. | Tue Hosprrat ror Sick CHILDREN.—In every principal city in Europe, | from Paris to Constantinople, from Hamburg to Moscow, as well as in the United States of America, such institutions are no novelty. In England alone, the sick children of the poor have been left uncared for and untended ; jumbled up in large public wards with rough men and peevish old women, or allowed to perish, without a hope of rescue, in their miserable dwellings— at once the cause and the fomenter of disease. Was such a hospital re- quired in London? Does sickness prevail to any extent among young people? Are there diseases almost peculiar to them? Listen to the answer of the Registrar-General. In the year 1846, (and this was no exceptional year,) out of about 50,000 persons who died in the Metropolis, upwards of 15,000 were less than two, and more than 21,000 under ten years of age. To illustrate the same fact in a different manner, out of every 100 persons born in London, 35 die before they reach theage often. Is a a mortality natural? Is it a fatal necessity, a normal condition of human existence? We cannot say so when we find that there exists in London only one dis- pensary for the special treatment of the diseases of children ; when we learn that the number of children received into the general hospitals is so small, that, on a calculation made in 1843, they were found to contain only 136 children under ten years of age.—Fraser’s Magazine for January. A GENERAL OVERTURN IN 1842.—So sure were some of the Yorkshire Chartists of a successful revolution in 1842, that under O’Connor’s guidance at Leeds, they had allotted the principal mansions, demesnes, and estates of the kingdom, in their wills, made preparatory to the revolution. Mr. Feargus O’Connor, for his services, modestly took to himself, by anticipation, the estates of Earl Fitzwilliam and the Duke of Devonshire, but of course he was only to hold them as trustee for the woolcombers and Yorkshire weavers. Having coursed the country from town to town to see that all were ready, and to inspire the flagging or the doubtful by his presence, he returned to Leeds, and intimated to Mr. Hobson and others that he was urgently re- quired for a day, only for a day, on his Irish estates (in reality he never possessed an acre of Irish land in his life, though much of his successful imposture in England was sustained by the pretence of being an Irish land- owner). He went, not to Ireland, but to a retreat in the Isle of Man; and there stood by to await the firing of the plots he had concocted in England, — to reappear and share the success, or be out of harm's way, as the result might suggest.—Cobdenic Policy the Internal Enemy of England. Mortat Fate or Onz-IpEa’p Nations.—If there is something anima- ting beyond all comparison in seeing a united people achieving its purposes, spreading civilization by arms in one age, giving the law of religion in | another, and in a third inoculating the earth with industrial arts and bene- fits, there is something intolerably painful in witnessing the life depart, those glorious movements become paralyzed, the very frame falling to pieces, and the helpless mass lying in the world’s way, to be trodden under foot by all who have a mind to pass over it. Such is the fate, sooner or later, of every nation which has parted with its vital idea—that idea, whatever it might be, which directed its special aim. There is nothing in any existing vigour which can exempt any people from this fate unless the conditions of | vitality are preserved. When the Romans were here (as everywhere else) laying the Rendisiens of our cities, building a wall from sea to sea, and paving roads along our mountain ridges, while the trembling natives in the | forests below watched the gleaming of their arms and listened to the clang of their implements, nothing could be less like death than their aspect as a people: yet were they even then drawing near the end of their national task, and the exhaustion of their national idea ; and now, who does not point to that swarming sepulchre, stretching out fair to the eye into the blue Mediterranean, as the most strikin instance in human history of how the glory of the world passes away? The most solemn part of the lesson is, that the same fate is abso- lutely unavoidable for every nation which, like the Roman, can have but one idea, and is compelled to exhaust that one. It is of the last importance to ascertain whether, under the law of human progress, nations must ever be as they have hitherto been, actuated each by one conception and pur- pose, temporary and isolated; or whether, as the ages pass and human pro- gression becomes more equable, a filiation of conceptions for each people, and a sympathy in them among all, may not become possible, so that nations may individually renew their youth, and, by mutual relations, secure an im- perishable existence for all which are worthy of it. The Roman aim of con- quest was one which could not become general, or even be participated in at all. The aim of spreading a new faith was one which might be shared by any number of nations; but it was exhaustible: either success or fail- ure must bring on the end. If Catholicism had been immortally established in all men’s minds, the bringing the last mind into the fold of the Church would have ended the work, and left the missionaries at liberty for some other task, As it happened, before this could be achieved, Protestantism arose,—to be itself for a time a great national object and moving power. For nearly three centuries it was the life, and manifestation of life, of many na- tions; but it is, as its name imports, an essentially negative idea, barren in its function, and temporary in its duration. A protest can last no longer than the thing protested against. If Protestantism is corrective of Catholic- ism, it can last only till it has achieved its corrective task. Unless the na- tion for which it has for a time sufficed, should have obtained some more positive principle in the working out of its Protestantism, it must die, like the Greek and the Roman, and its abode become a mere monument for the instruction of a future age. This is our own case.— Westminster Review for January. | Tue WRITERS FOR THE TrmEs.—Went with Barnes to his own room and drew up my paragraph while he wrote part of an article for next day. Says that he writes himself as little as possible ; finding that he is much more use- ful as a superintendent of the writings of others. The great deficiency he finds among his people is not a want of cleverness, but of common sense. There is not one of them (and he included himself in the number) that can be trusted with writing often or long on the same subject ; they are sure to get bewildered on it.—Moore’s Diary. Lord Sidmouth used to say, that the great art of a Speaker of the House of Commons was “ to know what to overlook”: applied by Murray (of Edin- burgh) to a manager of a theatre.— Idem. Lord A. mentioned some French remarks upon Pope, in which, on the line “ He opened his snuff box first, and then the case,’’ the commentator says, “ Comment peut-on ouvrir une tabatiére sans ouvrir l'étui qui la contient ?”’ —Idem. A fellow once acting with Kemble in Coriolanus, when he came to the speech in which he accuses Coriolanus— * For that he has (As much as in him lie~) from time to time Envied against the people, seeking means To pluck away their power,” &c. forgot his part, looked fiercely at Kemble, and added, “And that he is al- ways seen going about the streets, making every one uncomfortable.” At the end of the play, the unfortunate actor went to apologize for his awkward- ness; but Kemble merely looked bitterly at him, aud said * Beast!’’— Idem.

Page 31

XUM December, 31, 1853.] THE SPECTATOR. 7 With the Magazines, on the Ist of January 1854, will be published, Volume the First, (to be completed in 5 Monthly Volumes.) price 6s, beautifully bound, and illustrated with 5 Historical Subjects and 5 Por- traits, a New Edition of - HIERS’S HISTORY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. With Notes and Illustrations by the most celebrated Authorities who have written on this subject. This New Edition will be beautifully printed by Messrs. Bradbury and Evans, in a uniform size and style with the popular edition of the works of Prescott the Historian—a size and style which have met with such general admiration. The Engravings are executed by Greatbach in a manner worthy of the exquisite originals, and consist of upwards of 40, including representa- tions of all the most important and exciting scenes in this wonderful drama, and finely delineated portraits of the celebrated characters who figure prominently throughout the Revolution. Ricnarp Bentiey, New Burlington Street. S MITH, ELDER, AND NEW PUBLICATIONS. CO.’S I. BALDER: a Poem. By the Author of “ The Roman.” 1 vol. crown 8vo. price 7s. 6d. cloth. Il. THE CROSS AND THE DRAGON; Or the Fortunes of Christianity in China, with Notices of Christian Missions and Missionaries, and the Chinese Secret Societies. By J. Kesson, of the British Museum. 1 vol. post 8vo. with fac-simile of the Seal of the Triad Society, price 6s. cloth. III. THE BHILSA TOPES; Or Buddhist Monuments of Central India. By Major A. CunNINGHAM, 1 vol. 8vo, with 33 Plates, price 30s. cloth. Iv. JUVENILE DELINQUENCY. Two Essays, which obtained the Prizes offered by Lady Nort Byron. By Micaran Hitt and C, F. Cornwa tis. 1 vol. 8vo. post 8vo. price 6s. cloth. London: Smirn, Evper, and Co. 65, Cornhill. Price 94d. sewed, HAMBERS'S EDINBURGH NAL. Part CXX. for Janvary. ConTents : No. 518. “T tell You I Saw it Myself.” The Cougar, and an Adventure with One. Shopkeepers’ Greek. New Prospects of Lunar Conquest. The Poetry of Elizabeth Barrett Browning. The North-west Passage. Column for Young People—Grandmamma’s Pupil. An Easter Festival in Athens. Miscellanea. JOUR- No. 519. Something on a Delicate Subject. What is a Revolver? The Godson ; a Tale. Freehold Land Societies. The Months : a Hindoo Monologue. Notes on Victoria Colony. North-Country Words. Poetry and Miscellanea. No. 520. Phrase is Everything. Penal Colonies in the Netherlands. The Three Nuns. Genesis of the Workers. The Berwickshire Naturalists and their Club. Matches : a New York Story. The Cotton Manufacture in Spain. Poetry and Miscellanea, No. 521. Our Terrace on Sunday. A New Career for Lithography. A Spell at the Crank. A Peep into an Italian Interior—Concluding Article. | The Wax-insect of China. The Other Side of the Medal. Poetry and Miscellanea. No. 522. The Buffalo Bull, and an Adventure with One. The Columns of Society—A New Gauge of Progress. Stray Notes on a few Things. Butter-cups at Covent-Garden. A Philosopher without Philosophy. “Sooner Hurt than Healed” ; or Hints for Hinters. Things Talked of in London. Poetry and Miscellanea. Title and Index to Volume XX. Price 4s. 6d. cloth lettered, (ja4usanes EDINBURGI NAL. Volume XX. JOUR- Price ls. fancy boards, YHAMBERS’S REPOSITORY OF IN- ) STRUCTIVE and AMUSING TRACTS. Part XV. ConTEeNTs + No. 57. Liberia. 58. Louisa, Queen of Prussia. 59. The Basket of Cherries; a Tale. 60. Chivalry among the Arabs. Vols. 1 to 7 are now issued, price 1s. each. Engraved Title, and Contents for each Volume, may be had of the Booksellers, price 1d. each. W. and R. Cnampenrs, 3, Bride Passage, Fleet Street, London, and 339, High Street, Edinburgh; and sold by all Booksellers. PROFESSOR MAURICE’S LECTURES AT KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON. Preparing for immediate publication. LECTURES ON 1. ENGLISH HISTORY AND ENGLISH LITERATURE. ll. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. Delivered by Professor MAURICE, to the Students of King’s College, London, The FIRST SERIES will appear shortly after Christmas. MACMILLAN GEORGE BELL. Cambridge : and Co. London: CHEAP EDITIONS OF BULWER’S NOVELS. ls. and ls. 6d. Volumes. BULWER LYTTON’S (SIR EDWARD) WORKS Will be issued in the RAILWAY LIBRARY, in volumes varying in price from One To Two SuHiL- Lincs. Each volume will contain a complete work. Prospectuses and Show Bills now ready. Also, in this Popular Series: ROCKINGHAM. By the Author of “ Electra.” C.-ESAR BORGIA. (2s.) By the Author of “ White- THADDEUS OF WARSAW, ls. 6d.) By Miss friars.” Port ST. JAMES’S. By W.H. Arysworrn. SCOTTISH CHIEFS. (2s WINDSOR CASTLE. By W. H. Ainsworrn. The Publishers respectfully announce that the whole of Sir E. Bulwer Lytton's Novels will be published in the RAILWAY LIBRARY, Complete Lists of the Series gratis, on application. GEO. ROUTLEDGE and Co. 2, Farringdon Street. By Miss Porter. London : Now ready, price ls. 6d. fancy boards, PELHAM. By SIR E. BULWER LYTTON. A NEW EDITION, with a Notice of the Author and his Works, written expressly for the RAILWAY LIBRARY. PAUL CLIFFORD, on Feb. 1. The whole of SIR E. BULWER LYTTON’S NOVELS, from “ Pelham” to “ My Novel,” will be ublished in the RAILWAY LIBRARY, the Volumes varying from One to Two Shillings; so that for Fittle more than people have been in the habit of paying for the mere readirg they will be enabled to possess the entire Series of the Works of our greatest living Novelist. London: GEORGE ROUTLEDGE and Co. Farringdon Street. Price 1s. 6d. Now ready, small paper, 25s.; morocco, 35s,; large paper (only 75 copies), 2/. 2s.; morocco, 2/, 12s. 6d. POETRY OF THE YEAR: PASSAGES FROM THE POETS DESCRIPTIVE OF THE SEASONS. With Twenty-two Coloured Illustrations from Drawings by the following Eminent Artists. T. CRESWICK, R.A. E. DUNCAN. W. HEMSLEY. HARRISON WEIR. C. DAVIDSON, BIRKET FOSTER. Cc. BRANWHITE, R. R. W. LEE. D. COX. J. WOLF. E. V. B. J. MULLER. H. LE JEUNE. C. WEIGALL. LUCETTE E. BARKER ‘* Christmas has seldom produced a gift-book more creditable to all concerned in it than this beau- tiful volume. The poetry is well chosen ; the passages being for the most part bits of real description, excellent in their kind, from the writings of our poets, from the time of Lord Surrey to that of Tenny- son, with two or three beautiful bits from American authors. Now and then a poem is inserted which if not descriptive, is in spirit and feeling akin to the season to which it is referred; and this gives variety to what might otherwise be too great a mass of description. Asa book of extracts merely, it would be an intelligent and creditable selection, made upon a distinct and coherent plan. But the drawings of Messrs. Foster, Davidson, Weir, Creswick, Cox, Duncan, and Branwhite, are a great addi- tion to the volume ; and the coloured engravings have been happy in catching the spirit and character of the artists themselves. * ag ° + “Though on a small scale, the feeling of some of the designs is admirable, specially tho:e devoted to the illustration of spring and summer—the seasons which, both in poetry and painting, have the great- est amount of honour in this volume. The publisher is entitled to the praise of great care and atten- tion to the appearance of the book; the colour and texture of the paper, the type, and the binding, are unexceptionable. It is a book to do credit to any publisher.””— Guardian, “Trying the volume before us by its own pretensions, it may be pronounced as excellent on the whole,—a welcome specimen of the progress made in coloured book-illustration, and a tasteful evidence of what our English designers can do in illustration of Thomson, Bloomfield, Cowper, Clare, Hemans, Tennyson, and other of our poets.’’— Atheneum. GEORGE BELL, 186, Fleet Street. Just published, price 1s. 6d. HE EVANGELICALS AND THE EDINBURGH. A Reply tothe Article on “Church | Parties.” By the Rev. 8S. Minron, M.A. of Worcester | { College, Oxford, Incumbent of St. Silas’s, Liverpool. Liverpool: Detouron and Laventron, London: SKELEYS. BONNYCASTLE’S GEOMETRY AND MENSURATION. 12mo. roan, price 4s. 6d, ] ONNYCASTLE’S INTRODUCTION to PRACTICAL GEOMETRY and MENSURA- TION. Revised and improved by the Rev. E. C. Ty- son, M.A. With an Appendix, containing a full In- vestigation of all the Rules used in the Work. A New Ejition. By W. Ruruerrorp, LL.D. F.B.A.S, Royal Military College, Woolwich. By the same Author. New Editions, Revised by Dr. Rutherford. A KEY to the INTRODUCTION to MENSURA- TION, 12mo. roan, price 5s. 6d. AN INTRODUCTION to ALGEBRA. Designed for the Use of Schools, &c. 12mo. roan, price 4s, KEY to the INTRODUCTION to ALGEBRA, 12mo. roan, price 4s. 6d. THE SCHOLAR’S GUIDE to ARITHMETIC, with Notes containing the Proof of each Rule, &c. 12mo. roan, price 3s. 6d. KEY tothe GUIDE to ARITHMETIC. Designed for the Use of Teachers, 12mo. roan, price 4s. 6d. London: Witiiam Troe and Co. 85, Queen Street, Cheapside. On the 19th instant was published, price 3d. ; s ‘ stamped, d. NOTHER ROUND OF STORIES BY THE CHRISTMAS FIRE. Being the Extra Christmas Number of ** Household Words,” Conducted by Cuartes Dickens, and containing the amount of | one regular Number and a Half. | CONTENTS: | The Schoolboy’s Story, The Squire’s Story. | The Old Lady's Story. Uncle George's Siory. Over-the- Way's Story. The Colonel's Story, The Angel's Story. The Scholar's Story. Nobody's Story. Office, 16, Wellington Street North, Strand ; and sold by all Booksellers and Newsvenders. THE COMPLETE WORKS OF DR. YOUNG. Just published, 2 vols. royal 18mo. price 10s. cambric, (PHE COMPLETE WORKS, POETRY AND PROSE, OF THE REV. EDWARD YOUNG, LL.D. formerly Rector of Welwyn, Hert- fordshire, &c. Revised and collated with the earliest editions. To which is prefixed, a Life of the Author, by Jonny Donay, LL.D. With 8 Illustrations on Steel, and a Portrait. Besides the restored Dedications and Prefaces, and some minor pieces, this edition contains fourteen pro- ductions of our Author in Poetry and Prose which have never been comprised in any edition since that of Isaac Reed, Exq. 1778. Among these may he men- tioned, **The True Estimate of Human Life,” ‘ Con- jectures on Original Composition,” and ‘The Revere ence due to Government.” London: Wittiam Troe and Co, 85, Queen Street, | Cheapside.

Page 32

SUPPLEMENT TO- THE SPECTATOR. [Dec. 31, 1853. NEW WORKS. Announcements. 1. The Second Volume of LORD HOL- LAND'S MEMOIRS of the WHIG PARTY. Post 8vo. [Jn a few days. 2. A DEFENCE of the ECLIPSE of FAITH, by its Author. A Rejoinder to Professor Newman’s Reply, Post 8vo, [On Friday next. 3. This day, foolscap 8vo. 2s. 6d. cloth, Vol. I. of the SOETICAL WORKS OF JOHN DRYDEN. With Historical «and Illustrative Notes, and Bio- graphical Memoir, containing New Facts and Several Original Letters of the Poet, now Published for the first time, being the commencement of A NEW AND ANNOTATED EDITION OF THE ENGLION eoers, by Rosen BELL. iz NEW NOV LICE WENTWORTH, Is now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols. ** * Alice Wentworth’ is a story that will undoubtedly take with the public, and cause a sensation.”—Mes- senger “* A novel that will find many readers and admirers.” HISTORY of INDIA under the HOUSE of TAIMUR (1526 to 1707.) By Wu- LIAM Erskrvz, Esq. Vols. I. and If. 8vo. [Nearly ready. REMAINS, Leon wy and Poctical, of JOHN ROBY, "Author of “Traditions of Lan- cashire.”’ Edited, with a Sketch of his Life, by his Widow. Post 8vo. [Zarly in January. 5. The Traveller's Library, 53. The RUSSIANS of the SOUTH. By Surmtey Brooks. 16mo, price 1s. [In a few days. vi. The Traveller's Library, 52. Mr. MACAULAYS SPEECHES PARLIAMENTARY REFORM, in 1831 and 1832 16mo. price 1s. [This day. on vil. MOORE’S MEMOIRS, JOURNAL, and CORRESPONDENCE. The Fifth and Sixth Volumes; with Portraits and Vignettes. Post 8vo. price 21s, vit. LADY RACHEL RUSSELL’S LET- TERS. New Edition, enk: arged ; with Portraits, am and Fac-simile. 2 vols. post 8vo. price ds. Ix, Sir JAMES MACKINTOSH’S MIS- CELLANEOUS WORKS, complete in 1 vol. ; with Portrait and Vignette. Square crown 8vo. price 21s. ; calf, 30s. PRIZE ESSAY the PROTECTION of WOMEN. of the Middle Temple, Esq. Barrister-at-law. Post 8vo. price 6s. x. on the LAWS for By J. E. Davis, | xI. New and Enlarged Edition of HUD- SON’S EXECUTOR’S GUIDE, including the Directions required by the Provisions of the Sue- cession Duty Act. Fcap. 8vo. price 6s. XI. The RIFLE and the HOUND in| CEYLON. ByS. W. Baker, Esq. With coloured Plates and Wood-cuts. 8vo. price 14s. XIII. CHURCH PARTIES: an Essay re- printed from the ‘‘ Edinburgh Review,” No. 200, October 1853. Feap. 8vo. price 1s. XIV. ROBERT SOUTHEY’S POETICAL | WORKS, complete in 1 vol.; with Portrait and | Vignette. 8vo. 21s.; morocco, 42s, ; or 10 vols. feap. 8vo. price 35s. xv. JOANNA BAILLIE’S POETICAL and DRAMATIC WORKS; with Portrait, Life, and Vignette. Square crown 8vo. price 2ls.; morocco, 42s. XVI. Mr. MACAULAY’S LAYS of AN- CIENT ROME; with Wood-cut Illustrations, | Original and from the Antique, by G. ScHarr. Fcap. 4to. price 21s. ; morocco, 42s. XVII. THOMAS MOORE’S POETICAL WORKS. Complete in 1 vol. ; with Portrait and Vignette. 8vo. price 21s. ; morocco, 42s. *,* A New and CHEAPER ISSUE of the above, with Portrait and 19 Plates, in 10 vols. feap. 8vo. price 3s. 6d. each. MOORE’S LALLA ROOKH, 16mo. 5s.; morocco, 12s. 6d. An Illustrated Edition, square crown 8vo. 15s. ; morocco, 28s. MOORE'S IRISH MELODIES, 16mo. 5s. ; morocco, 12s. 6d. Illustrated by Maclise, super- royal 8vo. 31s. 6d.; morocco, 52s. 6d. MOORE'S SONGS, BALLADS, and 3A- CRED SONGS, 16mo. 5s.; morocco, 12s. 6d. London: Lonaman, Brown, GREEN, and Lonemans. i | tions, by Sargeant, Xc. Xe. | drawn on Wood by J. B. — Observer. “A boldly- conceived, lifelike, and original story. The whole is written with great skill and spirit.” — Standard, Hurst and Brackett, Publishers, Successors to HENRY Coinurn, 13, Great Marlborough Street, z Just published, in crown 8vo. price 10s. 6d. cloth, | Fane DOL'S LAST FRUIT OFF AN OLD TREE, Also, 1, LANDOR’S IMAGINARY CONVERSATIONS OF GREEKS AND ROMANS. Crown 8vo. price 10s. 6d. cloth. 2. THE WORKS OF WALTER SAVAGE LAN- DOR. In 2 vols. medium 8vo, price 1/. 12s. cloth. Epwarp Moxon, Dover Street. WORKS BY EDWARD JE SSE, ESQ. Jesse COUNTRY. LIFE. Third Edition. Fceap. 8vo. 6s. JESSE’S NATURAL HISTORY. Seventh Edition. Feap. 8vo. 6s. 3. JESSE'S FAVOURITE HAUNTS. With 20 Wood-cuts. Post 8vo. Joun Murray, Albemarle Street. TO MORE DISPUTES WITH CAB- iN MEN.—Buy the LONDON CAB-FARES, price 1s. Giving nearly 13,000 Distances, in Miles and Yards, to and from the City and all the Important Places in the Metropolis, accurately measured and calculated under the Superintendence of the Commissioner of Police for the City of London. WATERLow and Sons, London Wall, and Parliament Street ; and all Booksellers. 12s. Just pnblished by Ricuanp Guirrin and Co. 5, War- wick Square, Paternoster Row, London; and at Glas- Ww. ORATII OPERA. The Works of Horace, with 250 Illustrations from the most authentic sources, and Introductory Dissertation. By the Rev. Henry Tompson, M.A. Vicar of Chard. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d. antique binding. th HISTORY OF THE CRUSADES. By Captain Procrer. With beautiful Illustra- Crown 8vo. 5s. cloth. YCLOPEDIA OF LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC ANECDOTE. Edited by Wit- LIAM Keppik, Secretary to the Glasgow Philosophical Society. Crown 8vo. 5s. { PRACTICE of COOKERY, adapted to the Business of Every-day Life. By Mrs. Da- — 13th Edition, revised and enlarged, post 8vo. 4s. 6d. Goer suEs READINGS ON THE kK BIBLE made Plain and Pleasant fur the Young. — by the Rev. 8vo. 3s. 6d. cloth. Dr. Jamieson. Feap. BOOKS FOR CHRISTMAS. PUBLISHED BY THOMAS CONSTABLE AND CO. ORENZO BENONI; or Passages in the Life of an Italian. With Frontispiece de- signed, and four Illustrations designed and drawn on Wood by J. B. Crown 8vo. price 5s. A few copies of the original large 8vo. Edition may be had, with the Illustrations printed on supertine pa- per, cloth gilt, price 12s. “Worthy to be ranked among contemporary works whose season is the century in which their authors live.”— Examiner. ** This work should be as extensively read as ‘ Uncle Tom’s Cabin.’”—Bell’s Messenger. **On the score of style alone this volume is a re- markable curiosity.”— Quarterly Review. OUISA VON PLETTENHAUS; or the Journal of a Poor Young Lady. Translated from the German. With Frontispiece designed and Cloth, gilt edges, price 3s. 6d. \ TORK; OR PLENTY TO DO AND HOW TO DO IT. By Maroarer Maria Brewster. SECOND SERIES ~~, gilt edges, price 2s. Alse FIRST SERIES.—Ninth Thousand. Cloth, giltedges, pr ice 2s. “* Miss Brewster is precisely one of the ladies for the time,—not a drowsy dreamer, but fully awake, strong in heart, ardent in zeal, and intent on the vigorous use of right means to promote right ends.”— British Ban- ner. * Full of wholesome instruction, clothed in elegant language.” — Evangelical Christendom. The First and Second Series mi ny be hed in One Vo- lume, cloth, gilt edges, price 4s. Also, on 3lst December, Part IT. price 2s. 6d. UARTERLY ISSUE OF DR. CHAL- . MERS’S LIFE. To be completed in four Quar- terly Parts. Edinburgh: Tuomas Constapie and Co, Apams, and Co. London, HAMILTON, Now ready, in 8vo. 15s. THE RT. HON. BENJAMIN DISRAELI, M.P. A LITERARY AND POLITICAL BIOGRA- PHY. Addressed to the New Generation. Ricuarp Bentiey, New Burlington Street, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty. The Rajah Sir James Brooke. Now ready, in 3 vols. post 8vo. 31s. 6d. PRIVATE LETTERS OF THE RAJAH SIR JAMES BROOKE. Narrating THE EVENTS OF HIS LIFE FROM 1838 TO THE PRESENT TIME. Edited by Joun C. Tempier, Esq. Ricuarp Beytiey, New Burlington Street, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty. L. Lloyd. Now ready, in 2 vols. royal 8vo. embellished with upwards of 100 Pictorial Illustrations, repre- senting Sporting Adventures, and subjects of Natural History, and Devices for Entrapping Wild Animals, 42s. SCANDINAVIAN ADVENTURES. DURING A RESIDENCE OF UPWARDS OF TWENTY YEARS. With some Account of the Northern Fauna. By L. Lioyp, Author of “Field Sports of the North.” Ricuarp Benritey, New Burlington Street, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty. Now ready, in small Svo. 5s. A HISTORY OF CHINA TO THE PRESENT TIME. INCLUDING AN ACCOUNT OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF THE PRESENT RELI- GIOUS INSURRECTION IN THAT EMPIRE, Forming a Volume of “The Parlour Book-Case.” Ricuarp Bentiry, New Burlington Street, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty. Now ready, in small 8vo. 3s. 6d. A DEVOTIONAL DIARY. BY THE AUTHOR OF “VISITING MY RELA- TIONS,” “LIFE BY THE FIRESIDE,” &c. Ricnarp Bentiey, New Burlington Street, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty. New Work by the Author of ‘The Duchess.’. Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols. post 8vo. THE CARDINAL. By the Author of “ The Duchess.”” Ricuarp Bentiey, New Burlington Street, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty. H. T. Tuckerman. Now ready, in small 8vo. 6s. A MONTH IN ENGLAND. By H. T. TucKERMAN, Author of “ Mental Portraits,” &c. Ricnarp Bentiey, New Burlington Street, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty. Now ready in small 8vo. 7s. 6d. MAYFAIR TO MARATHON. Ricuarp Bentiey, New Burlington Street, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty. London: Printed by Josern Cravton, of 320, in the Strand County of Middlesex, Printer, at the ottice of Josern Cuiarros, No. 10, Crane Court, in the Parish of St. Dun- stan’s in the West, in the City of London; and Published by the aforesaid Josern Crayron, at 9, Wellington Street, inthe Precinct of the Savoy, Strand, in the County of Middlesex.—Satcurpar, 3ist Decumper 1853.

Page 33

= XUM