Scientific American 1845-09-04: Vol 1 Iss 2

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Ber- BM ames > M, oun- Cen- VY; N J; Bar- Hol- jlea- , Be- Mia, nion- rrey, SON, VY; ugh, A me- Skel- iH; Va; lier, ison, of a t and auti- g iao- (MER. | fea- e for ~ Through glory and shame—tho’ degraded and scorned. {/ ee eS YA IMPROVEMENTS THE ADVOCATE OF INDUSTRY AND ENTERPRISE. AND JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL AND OTHER ' VOLUME | i ont | eeeaenneneie: . —— — —- a ei THE CATALOGUE OF AMERIC SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, | THE SELF-REGULATING WIND-MILL. 7 fe ee PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY MORNING, AT NO. 11 | SPRUCE STREET, NEW YORK, NO. 16 STATE STRERT, BOSTON, AND NO. 21 ARCADE, PHILADELPHIA, (THE PRINCIPAL OFFICE BEING IN NEW YORK,) By RUFUS PORTER. Each number will be furnished with from two | to five original engravings, many of them ele- | gant, and illustrative of New Inventions, Scien- | tific Principles, and Curious Works ; and will | contain, in addition to the most interesting news of passing events, general notices of the pro- gress of Mechanical and other Scientific Im- provements ; American and Foreign Improve- ments and Inventions ; Catalogues of American | Patents ; Scientific Essays, illustrative of the | principles of the sciences of Mechanics, Chem- | istry and Architecture ; useful information and | struction in various Arts and Trades; Curi- | ous Philosophical Experiments ; Miscellaneous | Intelligence, Music and Poetry. This paper is especially entitled to the pa- | tronage of Mechanics and Manufacturers, being the only paper in America devoted to the in- tefests of those classes ; but is particularly use- ful to farmers, as jt will not only apprise them | of imprc vements in agriculturaLimplements, but instruct them im various mechanical trades, and guard them against impositions. As a family newspaper, it will convey more useful inte!li- gence to children and young people, than five times its cost in school instruction. Another important argament in favour of this paper, is, | that it will be worth two dollars at the end of the year when the volume is complete, (Old volumes of the New-York Mechanic, being now worth double the original cost, in cash.) Terms.—The “Scientific American” will be turnished to subscribers at $2,00 per annum,—one dollar in advance, and the balance in six months. Five copies will be sent to one address six months, for four doflers in advance. — Any person procuring two or more subscribers, will be en- titled to a commission of 25 cents each The Mechanic. Mechanics! whose toil is the wealth of a nation, Whose breasts are its bulwarks when danger is nigh— Though humble your lot, and despised your vocation, You have honour and worth that the world cannot buy. The minions of wealth may affect to despise you, Pronouncing you ignorant, sordid, and base, [you, Bat the moment will come that sha]] teach them to prize The scorn they have written, themselves shall erase. Not theirs is the hand that can turn back the billow That threatens to sweep o’er our altars and homes; They may live in the breeze that but plays with the wil- But woe unto them, when the hurricane comes. [low, They must call upon you in the moment of danger, When the war-banner spreads its rude folds to the air, When our homes are assailed by the hands of a stranger, And valleys re-echo with cries of despair. Where of Rome’s faded grandeur her ruins are telling, Where Athens’ proud temples reflect back the sun, In Palmyra’s streets—now the jackal’s tone dwelling— Are recorded the triumphs by industry won. There is not a nation where science has flourished, There is not a land that the arts have adorned, But your valour has guarded—your industry nourished— Your labour in like a bright living fountain, Sends rivers of ith to replenish the earth, And in war, like the storm-beaten fock of the mountain, + You ward off the blast from the land of your birth, Rut when peace, like the sun, o’er your country is shining, For the wealth you bestow they repay you with sneers, And the wounds you have borne in her cause unrepining, Ingratitude bathes with adversity’s tears. When the herald of fame, in the annals of story, The deeds of a hero proclaim through the land, The monuments raised to emblazon his glory, And the deeds they record—are the works of your hand. But what yo ward when the conflict is ended ? Or where is niche in the temple of fame ? The laurels you Won, with another’s are blended, And darkness still rests on the artizan’s name. Yet bow not your hearts to the proud man’s reviling, More noble in sorrow, than he in his pride ; At each mark of disdain with true dignity smiling, Your acts will rebuke when your lot they deride. —— Let hope cheer your path, the despised and neglected, Be virtue your shield when temptation is nigh; By honour’s bright code, be your actions directed, Deserve and demand the respect they deny. Then high be your aim, for the portals of glory, | By freedom unbarr’d, now disclose to the view A tablet, whereon to emblazon your story, An urn for the tears to your memory due. When your counthy’s proud star through futurity shir.ing, Beams bright with the deeds that her childreh have done, , May the" liest wreath ’round her « ‘adem twining, Be tha. ».uich her toil-worn mechanics have won. ~ SS This invention has been tested by actual operations, and is evidently the first successful attempt ever made for reducing the power of wind to the regularity of water or steam power, for driving such machinery as requires a steady motion. It will be seen by the engraving and explanation that this wind-wheel is so constructed as to face the wind from any direction, while its power and direction, or at any reasonable distance, from the main wheel. Me — — ~. L) three months. his kind will not exceed that of an ordinary wind-mill of the old fashion. YY, E X V @® | U YW / Yf €U Vf V, Yf Wr SS SG 3 Y motion are applied to drive machinery, or millwork, of any kind, which may be located in any The expense of a large mill of The Inventor will authorize any person to build and_use this invention, who will put the same in operation within For further intelligence apply at this office. O -O @ prsiits Aco onal *) * M . ok N P P | Q Q Cc ° ° o) J | Sire , | ExPLANATION.—On a stout upright post, A, is mounted a frame consisting of two posts, B B, and two beams, C C, witha vane, D. A hori- zontal shaft, E, is mounted on the two frame-posts, and from the head, or windward-end of this shaft, eight arms project which support eight sails, two of which, F F, appear in the drawing and passing through two cross-cleats which are attached to each sail. extending from G to H, where it connects with eight short arms, | I. These sails are so hung or mounted on, the arms as to be moveable ;—each arm being round The horizontal shaft being hollow, a small iron rod passes through it, From the end of each short arm, a small rod extends back, and is connected to its parallel sail near the leeward corner thereof: so that by the sliding of the centre rod and arms to windward, the position of all the sails are changed, being thereby drawn up to the wind, that the main wheel may be put in motion by the wind. The leeward end of the centre rod passes through. the head of a vertical lever, G, which is connected to the vane by a pivot at J, (the vane being supported by two pairs of cleats, with space enough to admit the lever to pass between.) be moved forward and backward thereby. A short vertical shaft extends from K to L, being supported by the two beams. A nut or flanch is attached to the centre rod, each side of the lever, that the rod may The knee, K M, is so mounted that one arm thereof is connected by a small rod to the vertical lever, G J, while the other arm connects with a vertical rod which extends down the centre of the vertical shaft, and connects with the ends of two knees, each of which is supported by the pivot O, between two short arms which project from the vertical shaft for that purpose. planks or iron bars, P P ; these planks being also partly supported by another set of arms and knees, Q Q. The ends of the other arms of these knees are connected to two vertical The vertical shaft has a pinion at the top, which is turned by the geer-wheel, R, on the main shaft; and another pinion at the bottom, which communicates its motion to a horizon- tal geer-wheel, which is mounted on a short hollow cylinder, 8, which turns on the main post, A, and carries a smaller geer-wheel, which gives motion to another wheel on the head of a parallel shaft, T. municated to any mill or machinery, in any direction. and down the centre of the main upright post, but passing out at the side thereof a few feet from the ground, that it may be hauled down y, wh The pulley, V, is connected to an iron weight, Y, the use of which will be explained. By pt it will be seen that when the rope is hauled down, the weight, Y, is elevated ; but its own gravity prevailing, it draws forward the centre rod, with the short arms, I 1, and thus draws the sailg to the wind, and the wind-wheel is put in mo- to the shaft, K L, and causes the bars, P P, to press outward, by centrifugal force. the lever, which drives tion, wnich communicates en the mill is to be put in motion. From this shaft, the power and motion of the wind-wheel may be carried and com- A small rope is attached to the vertical leve t U, and passes thence over the pulleys, By this the motion is regu- lated ; for, whenever the motion of the wind- wheel exceeds the requisite velocity, the centrifugal force of the bars, overcoming the gravity of the weight, Y, (which ordinarily rests on the beam) depresses the rod K, by which the other arm of the knee forces back the lever G, with the cen- tre rod and short arms, so as to throw the sails partly out of the wind, thus preventing the increase of speed beyond the gauged rate. of the wind-wheel are supported by wire braces, whiiéhyaneet the point Z. Correx.—In Buftalo and in Pittsburg they are Bass Ty nearer bells are hung to the ground, | about to establish works for smelting copper—the | other things Being equal, the further they can be i | every square mile for the inhabited portions of the material to be obtained on Lake Superior. A much better location for such works would be at St, Louis. There is a iarge supply of excellent copper ore fifty miles from St. Louis and works established here for its manufacture would possess very great advantages over others that will be compelled to send thousands of miles for their ore. A very large buisness in the | manufacture of copper might be successfully carried | on at this place. As several of our worthy citizens | are interested in the Meramec copper mines, we hope they will adopt means to have the buisness car- ried on extensively.— St. Louis Era. Taux Greatyess or Minp.—Tasso being told | that he had a fair opportunity of taking advantage of | a very bitter enemy ;—‘1 wish not to plunder him,” said he, “but there are things I wish to take away | 4r¢ from him; not his bonour, his wealth or his life—but | weeks has earned over twenty dollars | ny earned and received thirty ¢ his ill will.” , heard. Dr, Pranklin has stated, that some years ago, the inhabitants of Philadelphia had a new bell imported from England, and in order to judge of the | sound the bell was raised on a triangle in the great street of that city, and struck as it happened on a market day; when the people coming to market were surprised on hearing the sound of a bell ata greater distance from heard any bell before, is circumstance excited the attention of the euri@us; and t was discovered that the sound of the bell} when struck in the street, | reached nearly double thé distance it did when raised in the air. } ee ee ee ee Tue Saco Unton saysithat ina s(ngle room, in| any, there one of the factories of the York @ city. than they had ever | | land 133 \ The arms NuMBER OF INHABITANTS TO THE SQUARE MILE. The United States furnishes a population of 14 to country and 7 to the square mile for the whole teri- tory embraced within the limits of the federal juris- diction, —Contrast this present occupation of the soil with the population of the most thickly peopled portions of Europe, and it will be seen that there is ample room for us to increase onr numerical strength, and not be crowded either Belgium has 280 to the square mile: Holland 254, and Great Britain and | Ireland 206, Russia has but 28 to the square mile, and Sweden and Norway only 13. France has 158; Italy 175: Germany 147; Austria 127; and Switzer- eee a Increase of Crime.—Daring the last forty | years, commitments for crime have increased from fifty young women—each of thesy’ the past four | 5,000 to 31,000 per anaum, in England, although the | a one has | population has increased only about sixty per cent. during the same period. Crass 1—Agriculture, including Instruments and Operations. (Continued.} Winnowing Machine—Thomas Cole and Joba Littlefield, Allensville, Ind., Aug. 7th. Do. Thomas Chandler, Rockvile, Ill. and Asa D. Reed, Miles, Mich,, Dec. 7th. Winnowing, wheat fans—David Watkins, Port Republic, Va., Feb. 2d, and William Stanley, James- town, N. C., Nov! 18th. Cuiass I1—Metallurgy, and manufactures of metals and instruments therefor. Anvils, machine tor making—John Taylor, Sha- degap, Penn., Jan. 31st. olt in door-festenings, mode of operating—Al- bert Bingham, Boston, Mass., June 5th. Buckles—Julius W. Hatch, Manlius, N. Y., Feb. 20th. ton Isaac B. Verplanck, Mentz, N. Y., March 9 Do. Henry Lawrence, Manlius, N. Y., July 13th Cutlery, cleaning and polishing—William Vine, New York, N.°Y., Feb. 28th. ; Curry Comb—Thomas Wilkinson Cambridge, N. Y,, Ang 16th. Dail! or Borer, governing the feed off—John B. Grout, Birmingham, Mich., May 30th. i Drilling Machines—Amos Morgan, Wooster, O. May 13th. Forges, blacksmiths’—F rederick A. Stuart, Ca- therine, N. Y., July 1st. Furnace, reverberatory, for smelting or puddling iron, Wm. Green, Woodbridge, N. Y., Jan. 16th. Furnace for Smelting lron—Leman _ Bradley, Sharon, Ct., Nov. 18th. Machinery for trimming hinges, butt, blanks— Cyrus Kenny, Troy, N. Y. Moulds for butt hinges—Benjamin F. Harley and John D. Morris, Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 12th. Planing aod dressing the knuckles on the inner sides of butt hinges—Gage Stickney, Blackwood- town, N. J., Dec. 19th. Machine for bending the knuckles of wrought iroa butt hinges—-Cyrus Kenny, Troy, N. Y., Aug. 23. Machine for making wrought iron butt hinges— | Cyrus Kenny, Troy, N. ¥uy i. 7th. Invention of Flask for moulding hinges—Thomas Loring, Gloucester, N. J., Feb. 7th. Coating iron and copper with tin and other metals —Edmund P. Morewood, Great Britain, now in New York, Sept. 17th. Process of reducing iron and other ores to the metalic state, by coating them with certain fluxes— James Tower, Madison, O., Dec. 7th. Process of manufacturing iron and steel—Thomas Southall and Charles Crudgington, Kidderminster, Eng., Feb. 8th, U. S. A. Sept. 14th. Mode of obtaining wrought iron from the ore— Simeon Broadmedow, N. Y., May 30th. Labels for mail-bags—Oren S. North, New Brit- ain, Ct., March 13th. Mortise for door-latches—Wm. Wilson, North- ampton, Mass., Nov. 26th. Metalic laths, for fire-proof ceilings of houses— Palmer Sumner, New York, April 25th. qvnninetrr Lane Yale, Sprinfifield, Mass, June 13th. Improvement in locks for doors, banks, safes, ac. —Marcus R. Stephenson and Oliver Edwards, Bos- ton, Mass., April 17th and July 9th. Combination door-lock—Sabin Colton, Philadel- phia, Pa., Jan. 6th. Combination door-lock—M. R. Stephenson and O. Edwards, Boston, Mavs., April 17th. Combination door-lock—Robert Newell, New York, Sept. 17th. Door-lock, permutation, for vaults, &c.—D. W. Maples, Geneva, N. Y., Dec. 4th. Manufacture of metal—Arthur Wall, Great Brit- ain, issued in England Nov. 18th, 1843, and in the United States Aug. 10th, 1844. Method of making patterns for casting hollow ware—Ezra Ripley, Troy, N. Y., Aug. 31st. Feeder for nail-cutting machine—Caleb Tobister, Allegheny, Pa., Dec. 31st. Apparatus for separating, washing, or dressing ores—Nicholas Troughton, England, issued in Eng. July 23d, 1442, in the U. S. July 22d, 1844. Arranging and sticking pins into paper—De Grasse Fowler, North Bradford, Ct., Sept. 20th. Machinery for manufacture of lead pipes—Charles and George E. Sellers, Cincinnati, O., March 9th. Improvement in door-plates—J. H. Grout and F. M. Ray, New York, March 20th. Method of making door-plates and signs, of sepa- rate types, &c.—Edmund Morris, Philadelphia, April 25th. Spike machines—Samuel Reynolds, Bristol, R. L., July 26th. Manufacture of steel—S. Broadmeadow, New York, May 25th. . Method of making vessels of soft metal—John Rand, August 7th. Crass II [—.Manufactures of fibrous and textile sub- stances, including machines for : wool, cotton, silk, fur, paper, =a Sores of Weaving tuscan braid—Elisha Fi rald, | York, Oct. 16th. itzge New Portable bonnet—Thomas Hammond, New York, Oct. 30th. Apparatus for pressing bonnet tipsp—Thos. Ken- a rer York, Sept. 34. rae " arding machine—self-stripping card for cardin fibrous substances—H. Barker Per J. Gleugn Lowell, Mass., Dec. 4th. Mode of brushing and winding cloth—Reuben C. Varnel, West Somers, N. Y., March 13th. Invention of machinery for folding and measuring cloth--Silas C. Durgin, North Chelmsford, Mass., March 9th. : (To, be continued.) "\ a ee eof = amare ee ae _—

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NEW-YORK, THURSDAY, SEPT. 4. A GUARANTEE. ”* Whereas, Mr. Rurvs Porter has commenced the publication of a scientific weekly paper, entitled the “ Scientific American,” and under apparently favourable circumstanees ; and whereas, the confidence of the public in new papers has beceme in some measure impaired, by the discontinuance of certain newspapers be- fore the subscribers therefor had received the full value of the money advanced: now, there- Be it known to all whom it may concern, that we, the undersigned, do hereby guaranty the continuance of the publication of the “ Scientific American” for the term of at least one year from ifs commencement. JoNATHAN RICHARDSON, Wa. J. Spence, WituiaM Foster. Certificate —We are personally acquainted with the persons whose signatures are affixed to the foregoing guarantee, and believe them to be gentlemen of respectable standing and res. Jonn Westati & Co. OOO LOD OORT For First Principles of Mechanics, — ponsibility. c "Drs LKiG® In our last number we introduced a pendant ball by way of illustrating the action, reaction, and coun- teraction of gravity and inertia. And in considera- tion of the vast importance of a thorough knowledge of these principles we have procured for this num- ber a ent representation of the pendant ball, which we have introduced, and shall endeavour to be more explicit in our theoretic explanations. if the ball is suspended by a cord or wire from the hook A, the ball will in consequence of the force of gravity, assume a position directly under the hook, and. hold the cord by which it is suspended, in a position at right angles with the horizon. The reason ef this is that the -ball by its weight, or the force of gravity, tends towards the.centre of the earth, and its present position is precisely in a direct line between the hook and the earth’s centre; and at the point nearest to the centre, that the ball can possibly approach while thus suspended. Now if this ball be moved horizontally or rather curviline- arly to C, and then let go, being restrained by the cord from descending according to its inclination, directly towards the earth, it naturally seeks the lowest possible point, and thus returns rapidly to its first position. In this instance, gravity in moving the ball from C to L, has overpowered inertia, and in consequence of this motion, inertia has become momentum; and now that the ball has approached the lowest point, and the influence of gravity with regard to the motion of the ball, being diminished in consequence of its direction being at this point nearly horizontal, the momentum, which the ball has acquired in its descent thus far, now carries it past this point L, and before the increasing resistance of gravity shall have been sufficient to stop the ball by overcoming this momentum, the ball will have approached to D. Then again gravity predominates and hurries the ball to L, and again momentum drives it forward to E, a little short of its starting point.—Again gravity returns the ball to L, and mo- mentum pushes it forward to F. In this manner gravity and momentum continue the strife of‘alternate ascendency, till the ball has vibrated to the points G. H. I. J. and K, and finally rests at L. In the vibration of the ball, as above described, the alter- nate influence of gravity and momentum, are so uni- form and equally balanced, that were it not for the resistance of the atmospheric air, and some little friction in the play of the cord, the motion would be perpetual. It is the uniformity of action which vives regularity to the movementof the pendulum of a clock, by which the other movements of a clock But the velocity of the ball, in its vibrations, depends much on the length of the cord or wire by which it is suspended. If this cord be but one foot in length, the ball will perform twice as many Vibrations in a given time, as it will-with a The reason of this difference is, that when the cord is longer, the inclination of the curve at the extremity of the vibration is less, and consequently the force of gravity in the direction of the motion is less; and of course requires more time to overcome the zmertia of the ball, in putting it in motion, and momentum in stopping it. If the distance from the hook, or point of suspension to the centre of the ball, be 39 1-7 inches, the. vibration will be 60 per minute. The time required for each vibration of the ball does not much depend on the extent of its motion—the space over which it passes in either direction—whether it be one foot or two feet, more or less: for if the extent of its motion be greater, the inclination of its direction at the extre- are also regulated. cord four feet long. mities of its vibration, is also greater, and conse- quently the direct force of gravity being greater, the velocity of the ball from point to point is also greater, and nearly if not precisely in proportion to the distance over which it moves. Hence may be seen the peculiar adaptability of the pendulum for measuring time, —.. oe a SOE ee, ee TD hag CE Oe te CITY OF JUNGO. oe a rn ee OO | [—_——_swllizz zt quent reference to the following ExpLanation.—A, Capitol. Watch Houses. I I, Livery Stables. P P, Refectories. Q- Q, Colleges. B B, Banks. Illustrations of Chemistry. No man can create, nor anihilate any particle of matter; but can decompose compound bodies, and by new combinations of their ingredients, form other bodies or substances, entirely different in their na- tures, properties, and appearances. All bodies are either simple, or are composed of simple substances ; and no simple substance can be decomposed, nor materially changed but by combination with other bodies. Thus iron, in its pure and natural state, is hard, brilliant and very adhesive ; but by its combi- nation with caloric, it becomes fluid; combined with sulphur and oxygen, it becomes a transparent crys- tal; combined with oxygen alone, but in different proportions, it appears in the form of red or yellow ochre; combined with the prussic acid, it becomes a deep blue, known as prussian blue; combined with sulphur, oxygen and hydrogen, it becomes transpa. rent liquid; and the additon of a little gallic acid, again changes it to black ink. Plumbago, or black lead, is a combination of iron and carbon. enters into the composition of glass ;—gives the red colour to the blood of animals; and has been known to assume all the colours of the rainbow in regular order, by its combination with different proportions of oxygen and carbon, in a single piece of slate stone. While on this subject, we shall give a few simple experiments, which may be readily performed by any person—will afford amusement as well as in- struction to the scientific youth, and will further illustrate the importance of the science of chemistry. Tron also iron filings as the mixture will dissolve. When the iron is added, an ebulition will occur, in consequence of the liberation of hydrogen gas from the water. When the boiling has subsided, the liquid is sup- posed to be saturated with the iron, and may be poured or strained off from the sediment. With this solution, which is neutral and harmless, wet a piece of paper, and it will remain colourless when dry; but afterward wet the paper with a little solution of pearlash or saleratus, and it will change instantly to a deep and permanent buff yellow. Wet another part of the paper with a dilute solution of prussiate of potass, and it will be changed toa blue. Again wet other parts with colourless infusion of nut galls, and it will be changed to black or ink colour. Puta small quantity of each of the three last mentioned li- quids in three drinking glasses; then drop but a single drop of the solution of iron, into each of them, and the liquids will be instantly. changed to blue, yellow and black. ——_—__ Every Susscriper AN AGENtT.—We have often observed in sectarian papers, a general request that all clergymen of the same denomination, should act as agents for the paper; and by such means, some papers have attained to an immense circula- tion. Not having any similar available advantage, we would solicit the favour of every honest mit- chaniec who may receive this paper, to use his influ- ence in our favour, and induce as many more as possible to subscribe for it. All favours of this kind will be duly appreciated. oe ee Outp News.—Being desirous of embodying in this paper, a great variety of interesting statistical and other items of intelligence, we trust our readers will not be surprised to find in this number, some items, the substance of which they may have seen in other papers some days earlier. Each reader will please to consider, that although he may have read some of these items, yet perhaps his neighbour has not, and they will therefore be new to him. We shall soon fetch up the arrearage of news, and then all will be fresh and fair. —ahiibiiineens Our Promises.—We should have given a par- ticular description of Davenport & Bridge's im- provement in rail-road cars this week ; but the en- labyrinthian curiosity,|the City of Jungo, the be- wilderology of which has no parallel. Our amuse- arrangement. J J, Markets. R R, Soda Rooms. To any small quantity of sulphuric acid, ina phial, | add double the quantity of water, and as much of | the several depots, is in all cases 25 cents. | of fares in the coaches of Ch | 9 and 11 Elm-street, is onl gravings not being ready, we have substituted the ment-loving readers will not regret this variation of | C C, Gardens. DPD D, Churches. K K, Theatres. L L, Batteries. S 8, Oyster Rooms. Severe and Destructive Lightning, L| There has not probably within the memory of man, been a season in which excessive heat has so long prevailed, nor in which so many instances of | of lightning has occurred, as Of the latter we shall re- the terrific eifect: within a few weeks past. cord in a brief manner, a few instances which have come to our knowledge. been struck, and more or less shattered, are the houses of the late J. the south church in Andover, Mr. William Manning of Ipswich; the house of Mrs. Field in Manchester, Mass.: the barn of Wm. Barker, in Chatham, N. H. and another barn in the same town; a barn in Greenland N. H.; a dwelling house and two barns in Abington; Dr. Beecher’s church in Salem St. Boston; also several houses in Fayette St. the house of Capt. H. Taylor in Yar- mouth, Mass.; the house of Ezra Hall in North Den- nis; the house of Mr. Whildon in South Dennis ; also a-harn owned by Mr. Kelby Chase; a barn be- Of buildings which have B. Titcomb, Newburyport : Mass.; the house of longing to L. Howes in East Dennis; the house of Capt. I. Lewis at Centreville :—of S. G. Sears at Hyannis Port :—of Eben Scudder at Maston Mills; —a salt mill at Brewster (also two schooners lying at Bass River.) Six locust trees were struck at about the same time at East Haverhill. houses in N. Haven have been struck and several ves- Several sels at sea. Several of the buildings above mention- ed were burned. We also hear of the loss of several lives. The electric fluid has also been unusually fatal in Europe; a’ person and his horse were struck dead near Hornfleuer: the town of Weleschien in Bohemia, was struck at five different places at the same moment. Forty-five houses and twenty-five Twelve or more persons in various } laces have been killed. P. 8. additional instances have come to hand. barns had been struck and consumed. Since writing the above, the following In Hing- ham, Mass., two dwelling heuses were struck by lightning last week: also the print works at Bristol ; a barn in Fitchburg, and another in Hubbardston were struck and consumed ;—a house in Gardner, and a chair shop ;—A barn in Templeton, tonsumed ; a meeting house and several houses in Templeton were struck; a barn at Lunenburg consumed. At Fort Richmond, two dwelling houses, a barn, a store and schooner were struck ; also two houses near Norristown, and a barn in Easton: the latter was consumed. Several persons in different places were injured, and one was killed by the electric fluid. The Tremont House at Littleton, Mass., was struck and consumed on Saturday week. niemiilenees A Hoax.—An Indiana editor has been made to believe, that a Mr. Warren has made an improve- ment in the art of stereotyping, which puts it in the power of every printer to stereotype whatever he chooses in an almost incredibly short space of time, at little or no expense, and with the utmost precision and accuracy. The composition of which the plate is made is nearly as hard as iron, which it resembles a great deal, and can be melted on acom- mon fire as easily as lead. ing the article extensively. oc The gullibles are copy- _~- CAPITAL Punisument.—Mr. Bevongen says, in his report to the French government, that the pun- ishment of death had been abolished in Tuscany for twenty-five years ; and that it had so improved the character of the people, that the prisons were empty ; only five murders had been committed in the king- dom for twenty years after the abolishmenpof that punishment. ge a een Hack Fares in Boston.—A corvespondent of the Tribune, writing from Boston, says on this sub- ject, that established prices of fares from the hotels to We can inform him, however, that the “ established price ” sey, Averill & Co., No. welve and a half cents, g one mile. for any distance net exce Our Nexy Number wil contain the commence ment of a series of instrug jens in the art of Paint- ‘ > : ° - d “ ° jag: also, a pijce of Music, which is excluded this week by pressjof other matter, ) A Pian or THe Crry or Junco ; supposed to be situated about 95 degrees East of the North Pole. that it is difficult for a stranger to find his way from one part of the city to another, especially from the front gate This plan will be found exceedingly useful in illustrating the danger of trusting to appearances, and those cipal route, will not fail of finding an interesting amusement, or of being subject to sundry pleasant jokes, in the E E. Post Offices. M M, Parks. TTT T, Wells. | | | The streets of this City are.so.arranged to the Capitol, near the centre. who may attempt to trace this prin- course of their progress, by fre- HH, O O, Cireusses. F F. Hotels. GG, State Prisons. N N, Public Baths- Remarkable Prophecy. The following extract from a work published in Philadelphia twenty-four years ago, by Oliver Evans, is furnished to us by a paper of that city. It appears that Mr. Evans, who contributed large- ly to the present advanced state of improvement in mechanic arts, conceived or entertained the idea of steam waggons and railroads anterior to the year 1773: for shortly after this period we find him ap- plying to the Legislature of Pennsylvania and Mary- land for aid to carry into effect his views on these subjects. The first rejected his memorial, or paid no attention to it, deeming its author INSANE! The last granted®him a'patent for fourteen years ; but from the want of public confidence in the practica- bility of his schemes, and his own want of means, this patent was of no use to him. The Pennsylva- nian says he lived and died comparatively poor and neglected, and was compelled to leave all his vast conceptions and designs to be executed by smaller minds and later days. as almost all the benefactors of our race have had to do before him. ‘The time will come when people will travel in stages moved by steam engines, from one city to an- other, almost as fast as birds fly, fifteen or twenty miles on hour. “Passing through the air with such velocity, changing the scene in such rapid succession, will be A car- riage will set out from Washington in the morning, the passengers will breakfast at Baltimore, dine at Philadelphia, and sup at New-York the same day. “To accomplish this, two sets of railways will be the most exhilarating, delightful exercise. laid, so nearly level as not in any place to deviate more than two degrees from a horizontal line, made of wood or iron, or smooth paths of broken stone or gravel, with a rail to guide the carriages, so that they may pass each other in different directions, and travel by night as well as by day; and the passengers will sleep in these stages as comfortably as they now do in steamboats.” * * * # **A steam engine that will consume from a quar- ter to half a cord of wood, will drive a carriage one hundred and eighty miles in twelve hours, with twenty or thirty passengers, and will not consume sixty gallons of water. The carriage will not be over-ioaded with fuel or water. ‘These engines will drive boats ten or twelve miles an hour, and there will be many hundred steamboats running on the Mississippi, and other western wa- ters as prophesied thirty years ago, by one who could predict them better than the poet can now. But the velocity of boats through the water, can never be made to equal the velocity of carriages through the air, because the resistance of water is eight hundred times the resistance of air. “And it shall come to pass that the memory of these sordid and wicked wretches who oppose such improvements, will be execrated by every good man as they ought to be now.” *« Posterity will not be able to discover why the legislature, or congress, did not grant the inventor such protection as might have enabled hhimtte,put in operation these great improvements sooner, he hav- ing asked neither money, nor a monopoly of any existing thing. clouds of darkness will be dis- sipated by times “It will be clearly discovered, that to protect inventors for sufficient terms, is the only way to get the discoveries sooner.” 2 irerecnemaal Remrrrancr sy Mait.—Our subscribers who receive their papers by mail, are expected to remit one dollar each, by mail, on the receipt of this num- ber. The money may be sent by mail at our own risk and postage, or may be’ paid to the Postmaster, (who will receipt for the same,) at the option of subscribers. No money should be paid in advance to any agents but those who have written authority from the publisher to collect or receive the same. a Fires vy 1845.---The aggregate loss by large fires on this continent the present year is estimated at $21,000,000, as follows: Barbadoes $2,000,000; Pittsburgh, $3,500,000: London, Canada, $ 500, 000: Fayetteville, $500,000; Quebec, 7,500,000; Matanzas, $1,000,000; New-York, $6,000,000. The printing apparatus of Cassius M. Clay, who had commenced the publication of an anti-slavery paper in Louisville; Ky., has been packed up by the citizens and sent to Cincinnati. The Roman Citizen, of Rome, N. Y. speaking of money, says, “It is dew (due) in the morning and mist (miss’d) at night.” Very bright. Somebody,—Green we believe,—once said that he had never learned to sing but two tunes, one of which was Old Hundred and the other wasn’t. Peaches are very abundant. They have been sold in Philadelphia as low as 25 cents a basket, and in Baltimore, for six cents a peck. The various lines of travel leading to New York have been much crowded since the arrival of the Great Britain, and the city appears quite lively. Seventeen steamboats with an aggregate tonage of 3,215 ions, and cost of $243,000, have been built at Cincinnati within the present year. The population of Washington D. C. has increas- ed from 23,000 to 40,000 since 1840. Nearly 400 buildings have been erected within the past year. One of the pipes of the new organ which is being built for the Trinity Church, is large enough to con- tain thirty men. Mr. Henry Erben is the builder. The Merrimack Company at Lowell have com- menced building a new mill, which is to be the largest ever built at that place, or perhaps in the United States. A new glass factory is about to go into operation in Buffalo, N. Y. Window and other varieties will be manufactured on a large scale. During the prevalence of the recent excessive warm weather, the price of fans at Woodworth’s (late Bonfanti’s) in Broadway, was up to $75 each. A new musket has been invented at Potsdam, Eng. which is said to carry point blank 1,200 paces, and can be fired 17 times a minute. The allowance for the French navy for the pres- ent year has been raised to the enormous sum of 120,000,000 of franes. Messrs. Livingston and Wells are about to estab- lish an express line to run from New York to Cin- cinnati, Ohio. The cost of transporting a barrel of flour from Clevelend, O., to Boston, is estimated at only 72 cents, via Ogdensburg and Northern Railroad. A sugar beet has been raised near Savana, Geo. which measured 24 inches in circumferance, 14 in length and weighed 11 Ibs. This beet is hatd to beat. The College Libraries of this country number about 600,000 volumes. We think this would be sufficient for any one man to read. : J. H. Overton travelled one hundred and fifty miles in an open skiff, from Landry to Baton Rouge, to represent his parish in the Democratic Convention of Louisiana. The Essex steam-mill in Newburyport, Mass., has made a dividend of forty-two and a half per cent. from the earnings of the mill the last year. The fire is still burning in Pittsburg, although near five months have elapsed since the great con- flagration. A duel was lately fought in New Orleans, in which both parties fell. They fought with pistols, at five paces, and obtained mutual satisfaction. A writer from the White Sulphur Springs, says that the keeper of the Hotel at that place, keeps 129 dogs. He must be fond of music. A company has been formed at Zanesville, Ohio, with a capital of $50,000, for the purpose ef estab- lishing a cotton manufactory at that place. A man was recently sentenced to imprisonment jn Missouri, for being drunk. On his way to prison the sheriff got drunk, and the man escaped. About a dozen persons have been recently indicted at Albany for vending lottery tickets. We hope the traffic will be suppressed. A company of traders from Santa Fe, arrived at St. Louis on the 13th ult., ona ling expedi- tion. They have brought $50,000 in specie. Mr. Andrew Marcey will, it is said, cast $28,000 worth of bells—most of them large—within the pres- ent year, at his foundry at West Troy. The increase of the value of real estate in }: bg- land and Scotland, within the last thirty years, is | stated at £35,146,104. The receipts on the Long Island calbonad luring the first sixteen days of August, were $24,140. This looks encouraging. There is now on exhibition, in this city. the sit- eton of an enormous serpent, which mes:wres 114 feet in length, and ten or twelve feet iv: ¢iroi ior- ence. More particulars in our next. A fish has been taken ai New London, in which was found a Prussian coin, about the size nd volun of acent. Where the fish found the nor ey, report does not say. Great music is anticipated from ctro-1 1g netic instrument, which is being con ‘hi ladelphia. We may hear something or t it, a EE Sd > The news by the Cambria reached New Orleans in twentytwe days from Liverpoul, via Hali(ax and Bosion. ‘Vhis despatcl. is un x « +rlented. If Qui edit cea full me sha me the

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that e of sold 1 in the age uilt Pas- 400

r eration.” This may be the same chap that had be- 4. Yeense \ these Courts have latery been aboursnéd by an act of |

Never Look Sad, BY T. H. BAYLEY, Never look sad—nothing’s so bad As getting familiar with sorrow ; Treat him to-day in a cavalier way, And he’ll seek other quarters to-morrow. Long you’d not weep, would you but peep At the bright side of every trial; - Fortune you’ll find is often most kind, When chilling your hopes with denial. Let the sad day carry away Its own little burdens of sorrow, Or you may miss half of the bliss That comes in the lap to-morrow. When hope is wreck’d, pause and reflect, If error occasioned your sadness ; If it be so, hereafter you’ll know How to steer to the harbour of gladness. At Home: Sweet Home, { From “ Songs in the Night,” a heawaee volume of sacred poetry, _ recently re-published by Mr. Perkins, of Boston. |

When burns the fireside brightest, Cheering the social breast ? Where beats the fond heart lightest, Its humble hopes possessed ? Where is the hour of sadness With meek-eyed patience borne ?— Worth more than those of gladness, Which mirth’s gay cheeks adorn 7— Pleasure is marked with fleetness To those who ever roam, While grief itself has sweetness, At home—sweet home ! There blend the ties that strengthen Our hearts in hours of grief— The silver links that lengthen Joy’s visits when most brief; There, eyes in all their splendour, Are vocal to the heart, And glances, bright and tender, Fresh eloquence impart ; Then dost thou sigh for pleasure ? O, do not wildly roam, But seek that hidden treasure At home—sweet home ! Does pure religion charm thee, Far more than aught below ? Would’st thou that she should arm thee Against the hour of wo ? Her dwelling is not only 4 In temples built for prayer, For home itself is lonely,' Unless her smiles be there ; Wherever we may wander, ’Tis all in vain we roam, If worshipless her altar, At home—sweet home ! Beautiful Extract. * There’s something in a noble boy, A brave, free-hearted, careless one, With his unchecked, unbidden joy, His dreed of books, and love of fun, And in his clear and ready smile, Unshaded by a thought of guile, And unrepressed by sadness— Which brings me to my childhood back, As if I trod its very track, And felt its very gladness.” Harp Fossowes -— ndaeky ‘Knight of the Quill,’ at the west, thus closes for the present his editorial career: ** Dear readers—With this paper ceases the existence of the ‘Olio!’ Our number is fall and complete, and we are a ‘busted establish- ment.’ We shall gather up our coat and boots, shave off our whiskers, dun a few interesting speci- mens of ‘patrons that will pay—in promises, and then we're going for to go to some other field of op- come so editorially y hollow, that he offered to sell himself for a a stove

4 European correspondent of one of the Philadelphia papers writes that the dan- seuse Taglioni will not come to New York, because _ she cannot be insured the payrnent of siw hundred dollars per night! and adds—I think the public | permit themselves to be too much humbugged by singers, fiddlers, players, mountebanks and buffoons —from Taglioni and Macready down to Tom Thumb.” We believe there are many others of the same opinion.

Hymen Exciupep From Frorma.—Tre laws The Fire Damp. Anorner Expiosion.—The west mine of the Delaware Coal Company is worked three hundred feet below the water level. For some time past the air in this part of the mine had become vitiated and the miners had declined to work in it. Some of the overseers imprudently went down to examine the pit a few days since, when the inflammable gas, or compound of gasses known as the fire-damp, and which had accumulated, in that part of the pit, be- ing ignited by the flame of the lamp, which they carried, exploded with great violence, seriously in- juring several persons, besides doing much damage to the works. We are glad there were no lives lost ; but we do think the overseers deserved some little punishment for their gross negligence. When the means of effectual ventilation are so conveniently accessible and easily prepared, it appears no less than reprehensible, that the laborers in mines should be deprived of the privilege cf breathing pure at- mospheric air, to say nothing of the danger of ex- plosions. Both money and applause have been awarded to Sir Humphrey Davy, for his invention of what is called a safety-lamp, to provent explosion of the fire damp; but it would have appeared much more important in our opinion, if he had proposed a plan for ventilation which should have superseded the necessity of the safety lamp, and furnished a supply of breathing air to the labosers at the same time. Nothing more is wanting for this purpose than a large simple hose made of the cheapest kind of plain cotton cloth, extending from the top to the bottom of the pit, with a bell muzzle, or tunnel shaped tube at the top to be turned by a vane so as to face the breeze. Or, if there be not a breeze sufficient to force a constant current down to the bottom, a spirit lamp, being placed under the lower extremity of the hose—which should extend to within one or two feet of the bottom,—a current will be readily produced upward, and consequently a corresponding quantity of fresh air must be drawn down through the open avenues. But even admit- ting that mechanigal power was required to main- tain a wholesome ventilation, it would be but light work for a man or boy, by turning a crank connected with a blow-wLeel or large bellows when there was not a sufficient current of wind to effect it. We hope those of our readers who have any friends employed in the mining buisness, will suggest to them the impropriety of exposing their lives by work- ing in damp mines without proper ventilation. ee Progress of Improvement, There has never been a time since the days of Noah, in which great and important improvements, in all branches, were pressed forward with so much energy as at the present ume. There is no branch of industry but has received important facilities within the last ten years, especially in the United States. The pressure of the times has not retarded the march of genius, nor of well-aimed enterprise. There is at present more building and. constructing of railroads, steamboats, houses, factories, bridges, machinery, carriages, &c, than ever before ; and yet a close observer of these things sees stronger in- dications of the * progress of improvement,” in the style of construction, than in the quantity and ex- teat of them. And yet, strange as it may appear, while there are so many thousands of newspapers in the country, devoted to every other subject, there is not one—not one—which purports to be devoted to improvement, nor to the cause of that class of peo- ple by whom this great feature of national prosperity is produced or effected. Will any scientific me- chanic, or enterprising manufacturer refuse or neg- lect to patronize such a paper? We shall see. =—giliitinenas Pienty or Business.—A desperate fellow by the name of John Randall, has lately shown a rare specimen of industry, in Coos County, N. H. He escaped from the Lancaster jail on the 11th instant, stole a horse the same night, rode it to he top of Cherry mountain, and left it—was seen on Tuesday morning, near E. A. Crawford’s—on Wednesday night was seen and chased in Bethlehem—on Thurs- day night broke into a house there, which his pur- suers had occupied a portion of the preceding da, stole provisions for a hearty meal, then broke into a second stable and stole a second horse, since which he has not been heard from. —— Tue War Movements.—There has been much excitement for a few days past, in the South-West- ern section of the Union, on account of a report that 10,000 Mexicans were marching upon Texas. Gen. Gaines had called upon Gov. Mouton, of Louisiana, for 1000 troops, which were immediately raised, and the entire body of New Orleans military have offered their services to the Governor. The rumour of the approach of the Mexican army appears hardly ered- ible, but if it be so, they will not have to wait long for business. —— yon.—The entire skeleton of simal has recently been discov- i from New- been found.

from the fact that the skull alone the tusks are nearly two feet long, and the breadth across the hip bones is seven feet. We shall pro-

of Florida forbid the marrying of persons without 4 the ( Srk of the County fuurt ; and he legislature, thus virtually abolishing alge a Itogether.far.thapresenst a > New Orveans.—The Picayune of the 13th says there is no sickness, no excitement, and little of any _ thing moving ;—even the town clock and the doc- tors’ gigs are at a stand-still. It appears froni more recent dates, however, that there is no want of e..- citement,—on the Texas v ar-subject at least. | | Rattroans.—-We have en hand a variety of in- teresting and gratifying iate. ‘gence, which we must defer for a furure nm imb 4. hably be able to furnish further particulars in a few | vs. MES Tue Maenetic Teregrara.—The report of proceedings of a recent rail-road meeting at \pe rtsmouth, Eng., was communicated to London, a distance of 90 miles, in less than half an hour. —— Tue Bie Guy.—The first shot fired by the great gun for the Princeton, was with a ball made of tin, of 217 pounds weight, and a range of 30 pounds of powder. This bali was thrown about three miles. Grea Fair at Pai.aDELPRia. —The Frank- lin Society announce a display of inventions, manu-

fiuctures, ag. jcultural products, &c. &c., to com- nience in Phitadelphia on the 2ist of October next. A ae . |

i

IN \ h ry ONL A eh aly eH A\ ee THE NAUTILUS, OR IMPROVED LIFE- PRESERVER. wy Ww

This curious and useful invention, which is not so well known and understood as it should be, was pa- tented in October, 44, It appears to be the ne plus ultra of life preservers, or, more properly speaking, of buoyant belts. invention—usually called the Nautilus—consists in its capacity of being compressed into a small space, so as to be conveniently carried im the pocket; or of | being distended sufficiently to extend round ‘the body of a person, at the same ‘time becoming inflated with atmospheric air, and sufficiently buoyant to sustain the head and breast of the wearer, above water. Its construction consists of two helical, or spiral springs, placed side hy, side, and connected to each other, | and covered with oiled silk, or india-rubber cloth, each end of which is attached to a wooden head : the whole casing and heads being air and water- tight, with the exception of an aperture through one of the heads. To this aperture a stopper is fitted, being connected to the head by a cord as shown in the cut, to prevent its falling or way lost when | not Curibas.A Arts. To Wasu Iron on Steen with Gorp.—Mix together in a phial, one part of nitric acid, with two parts of muriatic acid, and add as much fine gold as the acid will dissolve. For this purpose gold leaf is the most convenient, as it will be the most readily dissolved. (This solution is called the nitro-muri- ate of gold.) Pour over this solution, cautiously, about half as much sulphuric ether ;—shake the mixture; and then allow it to settle. The ether will take the gold from the acid, and will separate itself from it also, and form aa upper stratum in the phia!. Carefully pour off this auriferous ether into another phial, and cork it close. Wash any piece of steel or iron with this ether, and immediately plunge it in cold water, and it will have acquired a coat of pure gold. With this also, any flowers or letters may be drawn or written, even with a pen, and will appear perfectly gilt. ‘The steel or iron should afterwards be heated as much as it will bear without changing colour, and if the steel be previ- ously polished, the beauty of the gilding may be much increased by burnishing with a cornelian or blood-stone. onmesetineniints To cUT GLASS WITH A PIECE OF 1RON.—Draw with a pencil on paper, any pattern to which you would have the glass conform; place the pattern under the glass, holding both ‘together in the lef) hand, (for the glass must not rest on any plane sur- face ;) then take a common spike or some similar piece of iron,—heat the point of it to redness, and apply it to the edge of the glass; draw the iron slowly forward, and the edge of the glass will im- medi:tely crack; continue moving the iron slowly over the glass, tracing the pattern, and the chink in the glass will follow at the distance of about halfan inch, in every direction according to the motion of the. iron. It may sometimes be found requisite, however, especially in forming corners, to ‘apply a wet finger to the oposite side of the glass. Tum- blers and other glasses may be cut or divided very fancifully by similar means. The iron must be reheated as often as the crevice in the glass ceases to follow. et OD OOF Fr A Deer Enrerprise.—It having been ascertam- ed that a mountain near Harrisburg, Pa.. consists almost entirely of immense beds of iron ore, and of excellent anthracite coal, the enterprising proprie- tors, instead of sinking shafts, and raising this mineral wealth in the ordinary way, have extended a level railroad tunnel through the heart of the mountain ; thus securing easy access to the beds ot coal and iron, which are piled up to the height of 1160 feet above the level of the road. It is calculated that this mountain alune contains coal enough to supply the city of New-York for 26,000 years. ‘saliteatiligpe ins Tne Inon Crry.—ln some parts of Pittsburg the cinders and soot from the many furnaces so pervade the atmosphere that they often fall on the faces and dresses of the ladies as they walk the streets. The only remedy in such cases, is to blow off the flakes of soot, as an attempt to wipe them off would only make matters worse. Hence it is said that the ladies of that city often come to blows. TI To Restore Fiowers.—F lowers which have been kept in water some hours and begin to droop, may be again revived, by placing the stems in hot water. When the flowers have revived, the stems may be cut off as far as they had been in the hot water, and the flowers being again placed in cold water they will continue fresh some time longer. ——<~—_- A story.—* Boston is said to contain f five hundred gambling houses, and at |) Professed gamblers,” says the N. Y. -’ We think our neigh- meant Paris or London, instead er and honest Yankee Boston. spunea. More Annexation.—A Bavarian dignitary be- ing ordered to report to the king some pian to prevent the extensive emigration to the United States, sug- gested as the only remedy, “ the annexation of the United States to Bavaria.”

———— Draitune at West Point.—A correspondent of the Courier says that while the artillery are prac- ticing with mortars, the infantry are df fling directly in front, so that ali the shells pass direclly over their head. Very interesting. | ? | | ite The peculiar excellence of this inserted : but the Nautilus is more perfect when the aperture is furnished with a valve, which opens in- | ward, so as to admit the air freely, but prevent its escape. When sudden danger occurs on board ves- sels, the passenger who may have a Nautilus in his pocket, has only to place it at his back, take hold of the two ends with his two hands, draw them for- | ward till they meet on his breast, and tie them to- gether; or, which is better, connect the two ends by a hook and staple. It will readily be understood, | that the elastic covering of this belt, being held in its | distended form by the wires of the spiral springs, the internal air has no tendercy to escape, even should the covering be by any means perforated. We should think it consistent with the interests of ship owners and insurance companies to furnish vessels with these articles, for the use of seamen ; as it would evidently tend to prevent consternation in cases of danger by leakage or by fire; and prevent the pre- mature abandonment of vessels, with their cargoes

| | | i and papers. They are sold at 89 Nassau street. ‘Tateresting “Experiments, To LIGHT A CANDLE BY APPLICATION OF 1¢E.— Attach to the wick of a candle, a small piece, or globule of potassium (the metallic base of potass) of the size of a small shot. Apply an icicle or point of ice to the metal, and it will instant» ioflame. Note. ——This curious substance, which nas the peculiar property of being ignited by coming in contact with ice or water, was originally discovered by Sit Hum- phrey Davy. It is produced by making pure potass a part of the circle of a powerful Voltaic battery. It cannot be preserved but by being kept immersed in naphtha, a kind of oil, of which oxygen is nota con- stituent.

=—— — en To FORM LETTERS OR FLOWERS OF REAL FLAME —Provide a tin chest of about eighteen inches in length, equal in height, and one inch in breadth.— Chalk any design of letters or flowers on the face of this chest, and pierce each line with rows of small holes, which should be about half an inch distant from each other.—Make an aperture at the top, through which pour about a pint of a mixture of rum and spirits of turpentine. Place two or three lamps under the bottom of the chest (which must be raised a little from the floor for that purpose) to warm the spirits, but not so as tocause them to boil.

Stop the aperture at the top, and after eight or ten minutes (which time should be allowed for the va- pour to expel the athm dspheric air, which otherwise would cause an explosion) apply the flame of a lamp to the pierced lines—in an instant, all the lines will be covered with flame, which will continue till the the spirits are exhausted. AAAI OD DDL Rm Crying and Sineine.—Mr. Henry Smith, well known as * the razor-strop man,” has recently de- livered several interesting temperance lectures, from one of which, the following is an extract : “When the meeting was over, I told my wife I would try it (temperance) for one month. I did; and at the end of the month I found myself more comfortable. When I was a drunkard, Wife cried, Mother cried, John cried, Ann cried, Mary cried, Ted cried; but I had been a temperance man only a month, before Wife sung, Father sung, Mother sung, John sung, Mary sung, Ted sung, Grandfather uag, and I sung ; and I bought a frying pan and I put it on the fire, and put a good stake in it, and that sung, and that is the singing for a working man when he is hungry. Finding myself much better, I went and signed the pledge for life, and I hope I shall hold on.” ———E_— .A Curious Catcutation.—The total loss by the late fire in this city, is estimated at $6,000,000, at the least. The duration of the conflagration, was about eight hours. The average loss was of course $750,000 per hour,—$3,125 per minute ; and $52, per second. Thus it appears that the average destruction of property for the space of eight hours was equal to what would have been done by four men with shovels at shovelling a heap of silver dol- lars from one of the piers, or from the deck of a ves- sel into the sea. —— Live Stock on RaiLtroaps.—Gerard Ralston, writing to the Railroad Journal from London, says, he thinks the American companies do not lay them- selves out for carrying cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, poultry, &c., as much as they ought. In Great Britain the transportation of animals is a source of very large and increasing profit. The loss by driv- ing live stock to market is greater than the expense of conveying them in quick and comfortable railway trains. onnihitiioesiee Lone Istanp Rattroap.—Some evil-minded persons who delight in mischief, continue to com- mit depredations on this road, removing the rails, &c., but the company have taken prompt measures for securing the safety of passengers by sending a pilot engine some distance ahead of the trains, to see that all is right: also for the detection of the villians. We hope the penalties for this kind of offences will be put on a par with that of firing dwelling houses. Our Apvertisement.—Every person who looks at this paper, is particularly requested to examine our advertisement at the head of the first column, on the first page.

Religious Intelligence. Under this head, it is diffieult to write, unless the building and decorating of churches, ordaining of ministres, or the fashionable movements in certain places amongst some classes of grown up people, who having become tired of dancing, have decided to join the church,—may be received as religious intelligence. The fact is, or appears to be, that a total indifference to the subject, farther than the fashion or the honor of this world requires it, per- vades all sects and denominations, beyond any pre- cedent for the last forty years, at least. Our Mis- sionaries appear to have accomplished nothing of importance for some time past, and some appear to have but little hopes that they ever will. Whatever may be the occasion of this apathy, this one thing is abundantly evident; that there never was a time in which the evidences of the truth and divine origin of the sacred Scriptures were more conspicuous or abundant, nor in which there was greater induce- ment in a rational sense, for people to become truly pious and obedient to the Gospel injunctions, than there is at the present. a Tue Avruenticity or THE Biste.—The Old Testamnnt: consists principally of historical and pro- phetic writings, whereby its authenticity is estab- lished to the satisfaction of all who duly examine its pages, comparing one part with another. It is also confirmed by the New Testament which con- tains all the requisite instruction with regard to the duties of men; presents as history many events which had been described in the prophesies of the Old Testament, and abounds with promises of life and joy to the obedient, but with threatenings of punishments intolerable to all who reject and dis- obey its divine precepts. This Book does exist, and must have been written by either good men or by evil men. ‘If good men wrote it, it must have been by divine inspiration ; for so they tell us; and good men would not lie. But to believe that evil men would write such a book against themselves, would require more marvelous faith, than is required to beleive in the verity of all the miracles therein recorded. oninentiigmrene Tae Uriniry or Trinunation. — There can be no perfect happiness without a knowledge of misery. The excellence of righteousness can not be made mauifest, without a contrast of sin: and no man can feel the sweet satisfaction of righteousness, unless he has been on probation; and no situation can be properly considered a state of probation, un- less there are some failures therein. Therefore, it becomes the holiness of the Divine Being, in order to produce the greatest degree of rational happiness, to place his. creatures on probation, although he knows that some of them will sin, and fall under condemnation ;—the happiness of the obedient being thereby promoted, nbt by the misery of those who fall, but by the corisciousness of having escaped. God will give to men the praise of righteousness and obedience, while they, with abundant propriety, will give to God all the glory of their salvation. —— Reuieious Movements in France.—It is re- ported, that in a town containing about 10,000 inha- bitants, no less tham 3,000 have recently renounced Popery, to attach themselves to the Protestant worship. ————a Tue Bisite.—We are so accustomed to the sight of a Bible that it ceases to be a miiacle to us. It is printed just like other books, and so we forget that it is not just like ether books. But there is nothing in the world like it, or comparable to it. The sun in the firmament is nothing to it, if it be really—what it assumes to be—an actual direct communication from God to man.— Thomas Erskine. 8 OL OD OOD DG Gre Our Leap Mines.—The number of hands en- gaged in mining and smelting in lowa, Wisconsin and upper Illinois, is increasing from 30 to 50 per cent. every year: the agricultural population and business of that region are increasing in an equal ratio. A new mine was discovered at Galena two or three weeks ago. ‘There is lead enough in that mineral region to supply the civilized world for a thousand years. asst A Dancerovus Articie.—A man in Washing- ton County, Md., a few days since, returning frora Smithburg, took home with him a jug of whiskey. The consequence was, that two of his children gained access to the jug, and, unnoticed by their pa- rents, drank so much of the poiswa that they soon changed colour, foamed at the mouth, and died in convulsions. Pea sneer I Errects or Hear.—Cast iron expands by 200 degrees of heat 1-278 of its bulk. Brass expands 1-177. Mercury 1-55, water 1-23. Oils 1-12, Alcohol 1-9. Cast iron melts at 2786 degrees of heat. Copper melts at 1996. Silver at 1873. Brass—1672. Lead 615. Tin—442. Wax—142. Water boils at 212. Water freezes at 32. Mercury solid at 40 below ZeYO. ‘ —EEE Tue Art or Perriraction.—We learn from the Sun, that a patent has been granted to a Troy gentieman, for a process by which a human body may be petrified as hard and solid as marble, in about two weeks. re Inrerestine Excursion :—Pic-Nic and Banner Presentation. --The Harmony and Jefierson Divisions, Nos. 5 and 7, Sons of Temperance, have selected the grove adjoining the far-famed West Point Iron Works, in the midst of the most romantic scenery of the Hudson, at “Cold Spring,” for a pic-nic and banner presentation, on Thursday, Sept. 11th. All that can be required,to render “he excursion agreea- ble, will be provided; and those who delight in the magnificent works of nature and art, will find this a choice opportunity. The commodious steamer Mu- tual Safety wili leave the foot of Hammond-street at half past 6; Canal-street at a quarter to 7; Barclay street at7; Market-street at a quarter past 7; and Delancey-street at half past seven o’clock, precisely. Tickets for the excursion only 37 1-2 cents.

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Most numerous are the inventions lost to the world ual bi rie ’ inventors, being poor, could rot bring them out. To remedy this evil to some extent, the following pian is suggested. G PECK & CO. having, and being offered, several new inventions, worthy to be tested and brought ~~ present to the public the following liberal offers. ne invention promises great usefulness to most cities, villages, and farmers; one, great aid to agriculture. One, greater safety and cheapness to rail-road convey ance; one a great saving of expense, time and toil in education, &. They require means to bring them into use, If many will furnish each a little the burden will be light—the success almost certain, and the advantage the greater ; and this advantage the inventors will gladly share’ with the helpers. Incurring much expense, and risking much themselves, it cannot be presuming too much to trust that an intelligent pubkic will see it to be liberal, and wise to risk a little and invest the small sum proposed on the terms here offered. It is little any can lose if he were to get no return, while we must lose far more, even for advertising, if none accept our offers. But they will have some return, and may much gain. Let then each send us his name and $2, or 25 cents weekly for ten weeks, and se- cure the advantages of these inventions. We add one other consideration. Had Fitch, who first applied steam to propel a boat, and was the real first inventor of steam boats, received a little aid, steam boats would have been in operation more than 50 years ago, and our country would have had the undisputed honor of the invention. But he exhausted his means— none would belp—and though he knew it was worth millions, he died in poverty, and our country was the loser for a half century. WORTHY ATTENTION. A share or town right of a valuable patent—50 or 100 acres of good farming land ; $2, $30, or $85 cash; a copy of the circular interest tables, or a useful Essay, to be had on easy terms. The patent share will be sent to any one who sends us $2, or 25 cents weekly for ten weeks, which share will be worth $5 or more. The town right will be his who procures 25 share subscribers and sends us the money. The 50 acres his who sends us the money for 150 subscribers within three months. The 100 acres his who sends us for 300 in four months. The $2 his who sends us the $2 each for 12 subscribers in 2 months. $30 his who sends for 100 in 3 months, $85 his who sends for 250 in 6 months. The interest tables or Essay shall be his who sends us immediately the names of each waggon, carriage, plough or harness maker, of each farmer who keeps bees or silk worms, of owners of furnaces or forges, of each physi- cian, minister, teacher, miller, tanner and merchant of the village or town where he lives, twenty-five names or more; and also a share of the patent right if he sends 25 or more names and 25 cents cash within one month. The patent share to each of those who pay $2 within 8 weeks from next September 1, or before, will embrace three inventions; to those who pay in the next 5 weeks, two inventions; and but one to others, and not this un- less cash is received in 4 months, unless we choose. The essay or tables will also be his who pays before Septem- ber 20th. What we desire is speedy work—hence these large premiums. Most important inventions will thus be secured, and a profitable share to each. We also offer to any one who will send us $10, $30, $75 or $125, to give him 3, 9, 27 or 54 shares one-third in each of three inventions, or a town right of one, two or three of the patents, and a privilege to sell rights, at great profit; and he may commence at once. We can give good business of this kind now. If our project meets with the favor we expect we shall be able to give a great deal of business of this kind, and thus greatly promote enterprize and industry. We have the best machine to clean wheat of smut, garlic, &c.; price $75. Over 70 have been put in operation in one county in Pennsylvania. ‘We have also the best cultivator for tilling corn and putting in wheat and rye, from $6 to $15. Also the neatest, handiest and swiftest straw cut- ter of its size, for $12. Office for orders at room 13, 26 Pine street, next to the Custom House. The inventions will be of different values, and will be put into such number of shares as will make each share worth $5 or more. We will dispose of the rights, keep the accounts, and pay to share holders the dividends. We shall also from time to time, quarterly or oftener, send them a paper giving them a full account of the in- ventions, as far az it will be best to publish it. We shall send them the first in September. Let it announce that subscribers are already in to secure the whole project. It will not fail if no more subscribe than we already have. We can do a little, and each who helps will aid us todo more ; thus none will lose, but if many help, the better will it be to each. One of the most promising in- ventions will be very costly to start. We want 10,000 subscribers for it: but it will be worth ten times the cost; and it is certain of success, it has been so far test- ed. The others are very excellent in promise.

RARE PROJECT.

GREAT NATI PICTORIAL HISTORY OF THE

ONAL WORK! ~

A BOOK FOR EVERY FAMILY!

TO THE PEOPLE OF AMERICA.

AMERICAN REVOLUTION. A Beautifully Illustrated Volume—purely American in its character and design, forming a large and handsome octavo of between FOUR AND FIVE HUNDRED PAGES; with several hundred engravings! {> All Postmasters are hereby authorized to act as Agents. RETAIL PRICE $200 BOUND IN MUSLIN, GILT. THE TITLE OF THE WORK IS AS FOLLOWS:— THE PICTORIAL HISTORY THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION; WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE COUNTRY. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES, AND A CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX; SEVERAL HUNDRED ENGRAVINGS! worthy ef a liberal r to offer it at the low price proposed. Postmasters and others wishing to act as Agents, will re re of the American people. The preparation of the work ceive all necessary information by addressing, post-paid. ILLUSTRATED WITH LOE EBL LLBean " {# It is the determination of the publisher to spare neither pains nor ex-|to excite, has encouraged the editor to make it every wa pense to make this work perfectly accessible to every family throughout the| entire country. It is one of the most attractive and cheapest ever presented | to the patron has been attended with great labor and expense. History requires a dis-; tant eminence, from which to take an impartial view of the character of the| transactions which sabmit themselves to the recording pen: but more than} half a century has now elapsed since the colonists first asserted their inde- | pendence ; and the generation, whose arduous struggles achieved so glorious) a result, bas passed away to the silent tomb, Through the whole work, the editor has aime‘ to do justice without asperity ;| but not to overlook the virtues of many of its instruments; and to exhibit the; ge An ex ive sale can only enable the pu!

Reber Seons o~. OO CO Publisher 128 Nassau Street, New York. to applaud patriotism, but not to justify its excesses ; to condemn Sree (HF Two Vatvasce Pusricatioys For THREE Dotiars.—Seare’ beau past. The great interest that the bare mention of such a work is calculated | free of postage, through the postmasters. tiful Pictorial FamiLy Magazine for one year, and the above work kindly prospect of the ruTUR¥ more strongly than the irritating aspect of the | will be furnished for Three Dollars, remitted in New York or E astern funds

Ir PLEASE TO READ THIS 2

TO YOUNG MEN OUT OF EMPLOYMENT. AGENTS WANTED FOR SEARS’ PICTORIAL HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. ‘THe SupscriBer wishes to engage a number of YOUNG MEN of strictly moral and busi- ness habits. A capital of from $50 to $100 will be required; and a certain DISTRICT of COUNTRY will be secured to each Agent. Unexceptionable testimonials of character will be required. Address,

The inventions are very important; the land good in this State or in Pennsylvania; the Tables useful, and | the Essay on a subject of deep interest to all; and the periodical we shall occasionally send, free of charge, will be of general interest to farmers, mechanics, paten- tees, physicians, ministers, and owners of minerals, and to all. It is thus the interest of all to push this project. Let then each improve this offer at once, and have the satis- | faction of aiding to bring out great inventions that pro- mise vast benefit to mankind, and good profit to the helpers, as well as timely aid to some worthy inventors, who are struggling with poverty, whom we greatly de- sire to aid. Now is the worp! Now or never. If QUICKLY done, it will be DONE and WELL done, and a GOOD THING done. : It will be easy for two or more to unite, write their names in a letter, put in the money, and direct to G. Peck & Co., New York. The mail will bring it safe, or we will risk it, and pay the postage. New York, August, 1845. G. PECK & CO. Editors who will notice this rare project and advertise it, will promote a great public good, and shall share li-_ berally in the advantage they promote. For 13 inser- tions of the project in full, they shall receive 5 of the three right shares. Besides the guarantee, which the expense we have already incurred for patents, models, machines, advertis- ing, &c. to make these proposak, gives, to warrant con- fidence at least to the little extent we ask, we are fa- vored with the following certificete, signed by Hon. R. H. Morris, late mayor and present post-master, and by Hon. F. A. Tallmadge, the present recorder of New York :— “ Messrs. G. Peck & Co. wishing the public to favor their business, this certifies, that, from our personal ac- quaintance we are assured that confidence in their pro- posals will not be misplaced. ROBT. H. MORRIS, F. A. TALLMADGE. “ New York, August, 1845.” N. B.—We have one invention, weil tested, worth $100,000, the profits of which from this State or Massa- chusetts will be three times that sum in the next five years. It needs a capital of $25,000. A half can be had for this sum, one half as capital, and an equai sum to be paid out of the half of the first avails. (> All our travelling and city agents will have re- ceipts to give, signed by us. Postmasters, Editors, and others, acting as local agents, in towns and villages where they are known, will give their own receipts, a: be duly acknowledged by G. Peck & Co. au DAGUERREOTYPE APPARATUS ND MATERIALS.—JOHN ROACH, Optician, No. 82 Nassau-street, New-York, is constantly manufacturing, and has on hand all articles of the begt quality used in the Daguerreotype process, Plates, Cases and Chemicais can be had as cheap, if not cheap- er, than from any other establishment, all warranted of good quality. Cameras of his own manufacture, as well as French and German ones. Any article or instrument sold will not be represented to be of different manufac. ture from what it really is. Orders from the country, by express or otherwise, will be punctually attended to a {c? All letters must be post paid, to insure attention. ROBERT SEARS, 128 Nassau St. N. Y. City.

BOOKS, PUBLISHED AND FOR SALE

Temperance founded on Phrenology and Physiology, Tight Lacing, , : : dak : [Its evils considered, physiologically. With cuts.]

64 6t

RATT & CO.’S Gatiery or Cotovurep PHoro- GrapHs, No. 293 Broadway, Laforge Buildings, Rooms Nos. 31 and 32, up stairs. E. W. Pratt, late operator for Plumbe, flatters him- professor of the art. The public are requested to call’ J and examine specimens. Prices will vary from $1 to $15. the leading st Likenesses of deceased persons taken in any part of this city and vicinity. Instruction will be given on more reasonable term: ders than at any other est»blishment in the city,

res of the Agents for (Boston: ae ed au 28 34 kim wil TM.N- \ ARTISTS, &c., MANUFACTURERS OF ORNAMENTAL SHOW C ARDS, peated complaints from Artists of failures to 0 | Portrai i self that he can give as good satisfaction as any other! Ae ED for utility as well as ornament, for stores |e ts, from imperfections in the Plates, thes in all kings of business. Specimens may be seen in inctpal cities of the Union. essrs. Sowle & Shaw. Mr. J.!) L. Lazarus visiting the Bastern States— All or- y rR) th on auWrne

|Plates they have ever BY FOWLER & WELLS, Powters works, (cary. 2 50 " ‘“* (sheep or muslin,) . : 2 25 NO. 131 NASSAU ST., N. Y. [All the preceding works, (except the first,) are bound together, containing most of the Author's works in a Tr. Price —— Te . ’ : . Fowler’s Phrenology, (30th edition.) -. . $1 00 Combe’s Physiology, 8 vo. (with notes and observa " tet ; ; tions, by O.S. Fowler,) . ey 7 [A — nny hod a care -—- ay greta, [From the last Edinburgh edition. The most specific and eve urs. ; x . ’ a eenres Sennen J ae work, and the best adapted to the general Education and Self-Improvement, . . . 100 er of any work on the subject uow extant, [Two volumes inone. Vol. I. devoted to Physiology, Health, and the mental and moral laws of man’s nature The American Phrenological Journal, 6 vols. . 11 00 —including self-improvement; the moral training an The Phrenological and Physiological Almanacs, . 124 government of children; and the perfection of p hme ; : ; . . f ter, by enlarging defective, and diminishing excessive Nw: a ree ~ 7 ol pe sey vena “Siv-es tae’ tain amedade asta Fith out Aloo, back neeabers for 1840-1-8--4-5 and shows how to cultivate them; improve :the mem- = 4 ite Rl ge pl : ory; educate children; and discipline the mind. containing much valuable phrenological matter. 64 c.]} Every page of this work will be found to unfold some Synopsis on Phrenology, * ; . n 4 fs} rich principle of human nature, or to point out some [A “ multum in ” hlet, of which over 150,000 important law of virtue and happiness. ] pi ny on eosoka t ’ ’ Hereditary Descent : its Laws and Fact s . % | ; [Facts on this subject are intensely interesting, and high The Phronological Guide, . ¢ F : ; 124 ly instructive. To produce its richest harvest, human Symbolical’ Head, and Phrenological Chart improvement must commence with the eerm.. Here In which the. faculti ted b : - es has been the fatal error! This whole subject—(the t finer? ee ee 3 relations of parents to their children—the transmis- mo ‘engrevings. } He sion of qualities, physical, intellectual, and moral, from Phrenology Vindicated, . . ° . wb parents to children, and ity application to the improve- [An answer to Dr. Frank H. Hamilton, i the ment ot progeny )—is fully treated in this work. ] proofs of the science are succinctly addue ‘ ted with cuts. ] Phrenology applied to Matrimony, . ; ; 25 {Including directions for choosing congenial companions Love and Parentage, (by O. S. Fowler,) “ 4 25 for life. With hints to the married. ] {Applied to the.improvement of* offspring; including ria 4 much valuabl mation and suggestion to both sexes Religion, Nataral and Revealed, : 50 and all nef with the evils and remedies of | Or, the natural theory and moral bearings of Phrenolo- os amativeness. gy. A comparison of the religion of the Bible with 17? PHRENOLOGICAL HEADS marked, showing the natural religion. ] P VERBAL AN the organs. . . . - 100 . iF VERBAL AND WRITTEN DELINEATIONS OF Fowler, on Memory, pein Sait . . 25 CHARACTER likewise given. Examination and {Or, Lee pe to the spray 7-Merchants will find it to their interest to make Collections through the medium of Adains & Co.’s Ex- press. It is the cheapest and :nost expeditious method, and the strictest attention will be given to collecting or paying Notes, Drafts, Bills, &c. &c. Goods received before half past one o’clock are for- warled on the same day. Small packages received until half-past four o’clock P. M. Adams & Co, run the only Package Express Cars to Philadelphia. Agent in Philadelphia, E. Sandford. “ Pittsburg, R. W. Berford.

sep 4 ADAMS & CO.’S GREAT EASTERN, SOUTHERN, AND WESTERN DAILY PACKAGE EXPRESS. N connection with Messrs. Wilmer & Smith, of Liver pool, we have establshed a EUROPEAN EXPRESS, similar in its design and operatiou to our American Ex- press, and alike beneficial to thy merchants and importers of both countries. Custom House buisness promptly at- tended to. Express for the South and West leaves Office daily, at quarter to 3 and half past 4 P. M. Express for the East at quarter to 5 P. M. Merchants and others will bear in mind, we run the onty Express Cars between New York and Baltimore. sep 4 ADAMS & CO. Wall street. BEEBE & COSTAR, HATTERS, NO. 156 BROADWAY. ESPECTFULLY invite those who are in want of a SUMMER HAT, to call at their establishment and get themselves fitted with one of their specially admired Cranrom Prorecrors, so light, airy, elastic and beauti- ful, that Oxp Sox, through its agreeable and cooling in- tervention, is fairly set at defiance. They have now in readiness a variety of Summer Harts, not to be met with everywhere, and to such as are particular in their choice of that most essential] fea- ture of “the Man,” they offer an unrivalled chance for selection. A splendid new article ot LEGHORN CAPS FOR with a variety of Srnaws, PAN article of Walkin called | with Cane Umbrellas, &e. | au23 AMERICAN INSTITUTE FAIR. HE EIGHTEENTH GREAT FAIR OF THY: AMERICAN INSTITUTE at Nisto’s Garpgn, New-York.—The Fair will open on Monday, the 60: of October next, at 12 0’clock, M. The days for de‘iver- ing articles at the Garden, Tuurspay, Fripay and Sa- TURDAY previous. The National Convention of Far- mers, Gardeners, and Silk Culturists, will be held on Thursday, 9th October. Delegates, without further no- tice, are invited from all parts of the Union, The Cat- tle Show will be held on the ground between 23d and fet. ox “ee's, Matches, &e., ar usugi Mead Quecters for M ‘mittees, &c., gecurer in the Madison Cottage. ses for draft, healthy jat cattic, and sheep for market, 2 matched and trained working cattle, and new and ojnaranda' igsee."yemiums than 4 AN opening, anniversary, &e. ‘eSes@s will be «|. vered by the most eminent orators .. our country, .e people of this great Republic are invoke! zealon-\; to co-operate in carrying out this ex- hidition, whic promises far to exceed anything that has gone b-fore. a “EEREOTYPING AND PRINTING. - ‘|. HE subseribers are prepared to execute all ort a8 « committed to their charge, with neatness, pana ty. and despatch. JOHN WESTALL & Co. 183 William-st. corner of Spruce, N.¥

JOHN WESTALL AND CO. PRINTERS, 183 WILLUIAM- STREET, NEW-yoRK, **””- ~ . ‘w 5th Avex. --PTougyhing .an?. Spading

scCIl puBLISHi SPRU ST (THE | Eaeh to five gant, al tifie Pr contain of pass gress ol provem ments @ Patents princip istry al instruc! ous Ph Intellig This tronag' the on terests ful te of imp instruc guard newsp gence times impor" that il the y¢ probal judge the N will n Ter to subs and th Five four dc Any titled t ‘ =