QST 1929-01: Vol 13 Iss 1

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DEVOTED ENTIRELY TO AMATEUR, | RADIO BLIZHED ZINCE (915 BY THE AMERICAN RADIO PILAY LEAGUE INC. UP) WJ pi

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1929 IS HERE— SO IS THE NEW 1929 RADIO AMATEUR’S HANDBOOK 1929 means NEW REQUIREMENTS. The Hand- book, the radio amateur’s guiding light, is the most valuable help you can have in meeting these re- quirements. Mr. Ross A. Hull, the director of the A. R. R. L. Technical Development Program, has collaborated with Mr. F. E. Handy, original author of the Hand- book, so that the new book is completely overhauled and rewritten. Much that was excellent practice in the past becomes obsolete under the new requirements. Even if you have previous Handbooks, you must secure a copy of the new one to keep abreast of the changing conditions. The complete story of Amateur Radio, what it is all ibout, with sympathetic, elementary information for the beginner, all the way up tothe complexities of the most modern gear and the profundities of the most involved traffic-handling procedure—all in 1929 viewpoint. Whoever you are, whatever your inter- est in amateur radio, you just can't get along with- ut the New Handbook. And the price is the same—$1 postpaid anywhere Just off the press Send in your order now. AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE, HARTFORD, Conn., U.S. A. ——_—err—= — ee Ne, ee ee eM

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i. Le si —— i. ei. si i a in. eam ee me es ee

ca Jhe Official Organ of the AR RL VOLUME XIII JANUARY 1929 NUMBER 1

Editorials . . - ‘ 7 Official Frequency Stations : s Standard Frequency Transmission from W9XI x 28 ,000-ke Communications ‘ : Ross 1 Hull a A Crystal Note Without a Crystal , | Book Reviews The Heterodyne Frequency Generator Rotten Television ‘ The Old Man 24 A Poor Man’s M.O.P.A . , : , J. T. McCormick 5 The Total-Loss Receive Cla Foster 29 Experimenters’ Section Report 31 Using Brass Tube Bases for Plug-In Coi Vo F. Marz, J 34 The Series Gap Condenser Roy <A Jenkins 35 Antenna Systems A Rehash Hare 'd PP. Westma 36 tefore the Guy-Wire Breaks B.D. Virman 10 A Unique Method of Control by Means of Sound Wav« llen B. DuMont 11 Increasing Transmitting Antenna Efficiency ° Stuart L. Seaton 13 A Filter for Street Car Noises 15 I \ R U News ; 16 Calls Heard F 17 Correspondence {8 The Pacific Division Convention ‘ ‘ : : i9 The West Gulf Division Convention 0

Communications Department ° . 51 Election Results ‘ ‘ ‘ . . : 74 Hamads ‘ , : ‘ , ‘ . ‘ ° . gx QRAs 93 — ——_—<—<—<—< << $< $$$

QST is published monthly by The American Radio Relay League, Inc., at Hartford, Conn., U. 8S. A. Official Organ of the A.R.R.L. and the International Amateur Radio Union Kenneth B. Warner (Secretary, A.R.R.L.), : F. Cheyney Beekley, Editor-in-Chief and Business Manager Managing Editor and Advertising Manager Harold P. Westman, Ross A. Hull, David H. H ht Technical Editor Associate Technical Editor Circulation Senages Subscription rate in United States and Possessions, Canada. and al! countriesin the American Postal Union. $2.50 per year ostpaid. Single copies, 25 cents. Foreign countries notin American Postal Union, $3.00 per year, postpaid. Remittances should be by international! postal or express money order or bank draft negotiable in the U. S. and for an equivalent amount in U. S funds kintered as second-class matter May 29,1919, at the post office at Hartford, Connecticut. under the act of March 3. 1879 Accept- ance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 1103, Act of October 3. 1917, authorized September 9. 1922 Additional entry as second-class matter, acceptable at srecial rate of postage provided for above, at Springfield, Mass.. authorized Sevtember 17, 1924. Copyright 1928 by the American Radio Relay League, Inc. Title registered at United States Patent Office Member of the Radio Magazine Publishers’ Association.

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————————— ADDRESS RAM PERCY MAXIM The American Radio Relay League The American Radio Relay League, Inc., is a non-commercial issociation of radio amateurs, bonded for the promotion of interest in amateur radio communication and experimentation, for the relay- ng of messages by radio, for the advancement of the radio art and of the public welfare, for the representation of the radio amateur in legislative matters, and for the maintenance of fraternalism and a high standard of conduct. It is an incorporated association without capital stock, chartered under the laws of Connecticut. Its affairs are governed by a Board f Directors, elected every two years by the general membership. The fficers are elected or appointed by the Directors. The League is non- sommercial and no one commercially engaged in the manufacture, sale r rental of radio apparatus is eligible to membership on its board. “Of, by and for the amateur”, it numbers within its ranks prac- sally every worth-while amateur in the world and has a history of glorious achievement as the standard-bearer in amateur affairs. Inquiries regarding membership are solicited. A bona fide in- terest in amateur radio is the only essential qualification; ownership f a transmitting station and knowledge of the code are not prere- juisite. Correspondence should be addressed to the Secretary. DIRECTORS Dakota Division Cc. M. JANSKY, JR. Dept. of Elec. Eng., U. of M., Minneapolis, Minn. President Pacific Division Drawer 2102, Hartford, Conn. 65 Market St., eal San Francisco Delta Division o-President BENJ. F. PAINTER ‘SS H. STEWART 424 Hamilton Nat’] Bank Bldg., David's, Pa. Chattanooga, Tenn. Roanoke Division Box 245, Hudson Division Danville, Va. DR. A. LAFAYETTE WALSH General Manager ALLEN H. BABCOCK Southern Pacific Co., W. TREDWAY GRAVELY H. K. RUSSELL Mail Bldg., »yronto, Ont. ntic Division NE C. WOODRUFF Fairmount Ave., ate College, Pa. entral Division LYDE E. DARR Ave.. Highland Park, Detroit, Mich. "resident ... . ice-President . . secretary . . « e reasurer . . « « mmunications Manager 220 West 42d St., New York City Midwest Division PORTER H. QUINBY 817 Lauderman Building, St. Louis, Mo. New Enaland Division FREDERICK BEST 13 East Crescent St., Augusta, Maine Northweatern Division K. W. WEINGARTEN $219 No. 24th St., Tacoma, Wash. OFFICERS Rocky Mountain Division PAUL M. SEGAL Box 1771 Denver, Colo. Southeastern Division HARRY F. DOBBS c/o Dobbs & Wey Co., 245 Spring St., N. W., Atlanta, Ga. West Gulf Division FRANK M. CORLETT 2516 Catherine St., Dallas, Tex. . HrraM Percy Maxim, Hartford,Conn. .CHARLES H. STEWART, St. David’s, Pa. . KENNETH B. WarNER, Hartford, Conn. Artuur A. HeEsert, Hartford, Conn. . F. Epwarp Hanpy, Hartford, Conn. Ll. GENERAL CORRESFONDENCE TO THE EXECUTIVE HEADQUARTERS AT HARTFORD, CONN —_—_— se -rl rr™- Or C- ———E i ee

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a, —_—_—_——_ os V—_—_— ——— —- - -— Se — = EDITORIALS us. A year of mingled hopes and fears, of bustling preparation, and now we enter the world of changed radio conditions to test the soundness of our ideas. Now, on the eve of that event, we take stock of the situation. The world’s greatest conference gave us, a year ago, the Inter- national Radiotelegraph Convention of 1927, a document in which stupidity and crass greed, and fear and lack of knowledge of us, won a partial victory over the stout support of a small group of enlightened and forward-looking nations. A pla was chiseled for the amateur, internationui rec- ognition obtained, and the amateur’s name securely labelled to certain frequency bands, but for a time it seemed our wings had been effectively clipped. Not now, though, for our preparation has been thorough. We know that we retain ample privileges at 1750 and 3500 ke., a most interesting new territory at 28 megacycles, and although we are clipped at 7000 and 14000 kce., we already know that our technical development has kept abreast of the resulting difficulties and that the ways exist for us to continue to exact from amateur radio that full meas- ure of enjoyment which for so many years has held us in thrall to it. We now know that we can make transmitters sufficiently stable and sharp, receivers sufficiently se- lective, and frequency-adjusting apparatus sufficiently accurate to guarantee content- ment to every one of us. These technical improvements are matters that we ought to have attended to long ago. There will be a better brand of amateur radio next year. Perhaps we will find this convention, for all its difficulties, a blessing in disguise. January Ist marks the dividing line be- tween the old and the new in amateur radio. It is going to be very interesting, a few years from now, to look back on our 1928 emotions as recorded in QST, to see how we sweated and bled over these prob- lems and with what unnecessary uneasi- ness we then viewed those opening months of 1929. When we look back then we are going to wonder how we ever got along in 1927 and 1928 with those crude methods which we once employed. We now enter the new days with our new methods, with the new spur to accomplishment and with enough things to do to keep us busy and excited for five years. It is the duty of every amateur to pre- pare himself for the new life which exists on the other side of January 1. It is the J ts Ay 1, 1929, magic date, is upon normal season for good resolutions, and they are certainly in order in amateur radio. QST has made a strenuous effort to be of the maximum service to amateurs during 1928. The individual amateur must now know that his transmitter is properly constructed and adjusted, he simply must be able to monitor his transmissions both for frequency and quality, and he must have improved the selectivity of his re- ceiver. He must also have prepared his station to do some of its operating in the 3500-4000 ke. band, with arrangements for a quick shift to other bands, particularly the higher-frequency bands, when the spirit moves. With these simple prep- arations, with what unlimited eagerness may he look forward to his new world! Of course all of the problems are not solved. The joy would go out of amateur radio if there were no more difficulties, no more objectives. As we enter 1929 we test our present ideas and we shall find out in- teresting things, both from a _ technical standpoint and in the field of human rela- tions in operating. A.R.R.L. Headquarters feels that it has done about all that it can do to prepare the individual member for 1929. We have presented operating advice and technical information by the hundreds of pages, the very best data that could be advanced short of actually experiencing 1929. Now it is up to you fellows. We want you to write us and tell us of your experiences and of the technical gadgets and innovations which you find useful. There is a great shortage of QST material. During 1928 it has seemed that almost every member felt that he was lacking in the wisdom to make suggestions that would be useful in rebuilding the station. The greater portion of the material which we have published to prepare ourselves comes from the League’s’ technical development program. We here do not know why you fellows have felt so bashful and backward about coming across with your own stories, which have always been the backbone of QST, whose contents have been largely the result of individual members’ work, pub- lished and passed on for the information of all the other members. Now we need help and we call upon you to tell us of the in- teresting things you have done with your own station apparatus. There is another field, too, in which Headquarters needs help. We enter 1929 with no codperative arrangements with foreign amateurs, with every amateur

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T Of far as his license gives him work on all the frequen- amateurs. The A.R.R.L. early this year, for a sub- amateur international fre- ntinents, did not meet with ndorsement. It was the view ng amateurs, both at home hat one could not lay down in in advance; that we would 1929 and actually experience Chen, with first-hand knowl- international coéperation s could be made. You ng to notice many things. » see that if only so-and-so frequencies, and another her frequencies, satisfactory vossible where otherwise it nr il 11 Frequency Stations requency Station § sys- es a_ service cooperative ffering from that of the ney Station, W9XL, which 1 in accordance’ with the O.F.S. Committee. of the O.F.S. are to in- of each transmission o check the frequency sions when requested and eral work of keeping all their assigned bands. The frequency at the end of will be in kilocycles and five numerals without any ver, least 0.5% is required is expected that they frequency meters at least ynths against a suitable ndard Frequency transmis- the November issue of as follows: V, VE3FC, OZ2AC, W6AM, WS8EQ, W4XE, W5ZAV, | W2MU, W4BY, W5SP, W1BZQ, W6BGM-W6CVO, VIAVW, W2CLA, W8GZ- EG2NM, VE9SAL, W8APZ, WSBZT. VE3CO., EG20D, Q,. W9CPM, W5EW, WI1- EG2SZ, W6BB, WS8DAJ, . W2BRS, VE4BT, OA- ‘GI5NJ, W1CCW, W8BAU, W6AKW, W6CDY-W6CRX BRO, W6WN, W6BMW, OST JANUARY, 1929 isn’t. You will decide that if only some- body could be induced to do something or other, vast improvements would result. The chief function of the International Amateur Radio Union, and its greatest value to us, is going to be in the negotiating of such agreements between the amateur societies of the world, to make possible that greater degree of felicity in amateur relations which comes only with mutual recognition and coéperation. On both of these counts, then, the technical field and the operating field, A.R.R.L. Headquarters invites your com- ments and your contributions as we learn what 1929 is like. Good luck! crc. B& W. W6CMQ, WT7AAT, W9AHQ, W9IEFO, W6BAJ, EG5YK, W6BZU, W1BD, W5NW, OATCW, W6EC-W6XE, W6QX, OAS5LF, W6QL, W5BG, W2DC, W9BVC and W2UV. -H. P. W. Standard Frequency Transmis- sions from W9XL Schedules for January and February Schedule “A” Schedule “RB” Central Central Standard Frequency Standard Frequency Time (PM) in ke Time (PM) in ke. 8:00 7,300 3:00 30,000 8:12 7,225 3:12 29,000 8:24 7,150 3:24 28,000 8:36 7,075 3:36 14,400 8:48 7,000 3:48 14,300 9:00 4,000 4:00 14,200 9:12 3,750 4:12 14,100 9:24 3,500 4:24 14,000 Division of Time 4 minutes—CQ CQ CQ de W9XL W9IXL W9XL. 3 minutes—series of letter “d” with the dash about five seconds long and broken every half minute for station call letters. 1 minutes— —frequency——kc. 4 minutes—time allowed to change to next frequency. DATES OF TRANSMISSION January Schedule February Schedule 6th — 3d “B” 11th a es 8th “_ 25th sad Yea 99d Aa” All O.F.S. should use these transmissions to keep their frequency meters calibrations within the required limits of accuracy. It will be appreciated if you will send us a report on your reception of these signals. See page 8 of the November issue of QST. —H. P, W.

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JANUARY, 1929 OST The Status of 28,000-kc. Communication A Review of Results Attained, a Discussion of Seeming Discrepancies With Present Theories and a Presentation of Some Practical Suggestions By Ross A. Hull* N addition to being of very considerable importance, the present development of the 28,000-kc. band is at once the most engaging and most baffling prob- lem that the amateur has faced for many years. Of course any problem is, to the amateur, engaging if it is baffling but this one would seem to possess a rare combina- unexpected tion of the expected and the which makes it of particular ap- veal to the im- aginative or ex- perimentally in- clined _individ- ual. The possi- bilities of the new band have diately that the new band was more satis- factory than any other. Amateurs familiar with the present theories of high-frequency transmission phenomena admired the en- thusiasm of the leaders in this new explora- tion, felt pleased that the Kennelly-Heavi- side “layer” should have come low enough to have permitted such an auspicious open- ing, but hinted knowingly that the “layer” would soon rise to its normal heights, when contact would fail. That some such change in the equiva- lent layer height has taken so far been ex- ploited in only W6UF place at inter- vals during the A The station which participated with W1CCZ in the experi- hee “ ~s a fragmentary mental work with high angle radiations described in the text. year is evident and superficial The transmitter comprises a 'X-112 ystal oscillator, a from an exam- manner but at UX-112 and two UX-210’s as intermediate amplifiers, and a ination of the : we . 2. UX-852 as the final amplifier. The two last amplifiers both coat s hin this Stage it 1s operate on the output frequency and the UX-852 is therefore results which considered that neutralized. The receiver is of conventional type employing have been ob- sufficient evi- a UX-199 tube as detector and UX-201-A as amplifier. tained. The dence has been extent of these accumulated to indicate many apparent dis- crepancies between practical performances a 1 the predictions of scientists and engin- eers. It is this condition which has prompted us to write of the work which has _ been accomplished in the hope of _ provid- ing the incentive for a much larger group of amateurs to experiment in fields to be outlined. It is this condition, also, which has impelled us to place on record the performances which appear to be at variance with present theory, hoping ear- nestly that those scientists who have eon- ducted the past brilliant researche: -he characteristics of the upper atmo“ e will be incited to come to our aid -vel off the seeming incongruitie thich we cannot help being conce’ In March of last yea the band of fre- quencies between 28,000 and 30,000 ke. was thrown open to the amateurs of this coun- try. Before the end of that month several stations had become active and communi- cation across the continent had been estab- lished. Many amateurs claimed imme- *Associate Technical Editor, QST. In charge A.R.R.L. Technical Development Program changes and their frequency, however, differ so from what one would have been led to ex- pect from the present knowledge of the upper atmosphere that they are thought to constitute one of the discordant notes on which we hope to play at some length. It must be admitted that the presentation of this estimate of the status of 28,000-kc. communication is handicapped seriously by the fact that it is based on the observations of amateurs only (whose activity in the daylight hours is, with very few exceptions, limited to the week-ends) and that these observations and reports of contact cover an unknown fraction of recent amateur activity throughout the world. In conse- quence, our data consist chiefly of smatter- ings of observations taken during the day- light hours of most week-ends during the last eight months. If we were more daring, or if it was not our object to present a strictly conservative report, we would hazard a guess at the possible performances during the entire period, hoping that we would not be overlooking some _ theory which presupposed a week-end trip on the part of the ionized regions to locations nearer earth.

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After estab! the both mid that the | anti more layer = unex! Ss ven acti‘ provi comn ance rece} influer sion ¥ new ceiver equal streng order, the frequer The tion would month that amateur tory Confer the free howe’ move Durit when tion sl! to pre ionized almost ends was clear, ends or any signals mon and admit leads height May, J March certain est ebl vacatior greater mere 1 \ Engineers predictions and earl; the first successes in late March April, when communication was across this continent, between coast and France, and from \tlantice and Pacific coasts to the tern States, it became evident juivalent layer must be lower, on of present theories, than had been | for that time of year. Further- med apparent that the equivalent maintaining this low position with consistency, for of the first ek-ends since the opening of of them had been known to nditions permitting satisfactory tion. Without making allow- mperfections in transmission and equipment—which undoubtedly the results—the general impres- reated that communication on the when both transmitter and re- in full daylight, was quite the t on the 14,000-ke. band. Signal most cases were of a high ugh it was thought at the time ls of severe fading were more un on the lower-frequency band. , together with the predic- the equivalent layer probably its lowest during the summer 1 many to decide then and there 8,000-ke. band, presented to the : interesting but worthless terri- 1e International Radiotelegraph was, in a considerable measure, to our congestion problem. The ns in the upper atmosphere, ere already starting on a vile rds to spite us. he months of May, June and July, any time, 28,000-kc. communica- have been successful, according ideas of the behaviour of the rions, the contacts were wiped oblivion. On only four week- » thirteen in these three months mmunication reported. It is ver, that the satisfactory week- period were quite the equal the previous period, R7 and R8 particular steadiness being com- contacts between the coasts States. Of course, we must veakness in the evidence which deduce that the equivalent layer s greater during the week-ends of r leo uits ve and July than during those of April. In the first place, it is amateur activity is at its low- ng the summer week-ends when and automobile trips are of ppeal than the contortions of a zed atmosphere. Further, it is 1ylor, Proceedings of Institute of Radio August, 1926, makes one of many such OST JANUARY, 1929 conceivable that 28,000-kce. activity was at a lower ebb even than that on other fre- quency bands as the combined result of the psychological effect of the first successes and the temptations of the great outdoors. If only amateurs could be made to appre- ciate the significance of their efforts! Early August gave indications of a return toward civilization on the part of both the amateurs and the free electrons, for at that time satisfactory contacts were reported in increasing numbers. And as the season progressed and the days became shorter, communication became even more satisfac- tory and more wide-spread, whereas, if the equivalent layer had behaved as current hypotheses would seem to dictate, it should have migrated to higher regions from which the 28,000-kc. signals would never have returned to earth.? During this period also, our concept of the performance in general may be distorted somewhat by the fact that the number of amateurs and their experi- mental activity was definitely on the in- crease. However, there should be some significance in the statement, based on re- ports received, that satisfactory communi- cation over distances up to 100 miles and over 1,000 miles was established during all of the fifteen week-ends between that of August 12th, and that of the last reports to hand—November 18th. Nor was this communication limited to the Northern Hemisphere. During Sep- tember, for instance, the first Australian successes in communication across Aus- tralia and between Australia and New Zealand occurred at a period when com- munication in this country was being main- tained, and when the first signals from the United States were being copied in New Zealand. Through October and November, to the week-end of our most recent reports, activity increased steadily and for every week-end the upper atmosphere continued to prove equal to all the demands that the 28,000-ke. band of frequencies made upon it. As the result of possible improvements in the apparatus used, or on account of still further changed conditions, communication during the seven week-ends ending Novem- ber 18th, became definitely more consistent and more reliable. By this time contact had been established between England and both the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts, be- tween Hawaii and both the Pacific Coast and the central States, and, on November 9th, between the Pacific Coast and New Zealand. The reports, though dealing more with new contacts made than with the re- liability of any one of them, indicated that signals of the order of R7 and R8 were general over distances beyond the skip- distance, even from transmitters with an 2. A. Hoyt Taylor, Proceedings of the I.R.E., August, 1926, as one example. a A, i a —- —

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e- ne es Pp ~FRPSBeon eae wer ewer wm £ —— ee _ es ——_—_— eee es JANUARY, 1929 input as low at 10 watts. Reports from the few amateurs who caught on to the idea that it was the characteristics of any one prolonged contact and not the news of the momentary first linking of some two sta- tions which was of greatest importance, served to create the impression that when- ever communication was established it was usually with signals of greater intensity and steadiness than those found on the 14,000-ke. band, and that fading, when not substantially absent, was at a very low period. At times, it would seem, the only audible fading was at such a low period that it could be detected only after pro- longed contact, when the signals would have been observed to vary a point or two in audibility from one transmission to the next. Since the development of the 28,000-kc. band was one of the activities in which the Technical Development Program was sched- uled to take a part, we had been observing the progress of affairs with particular in- terest. Toward the end of October the re- sults had wandered so far from our expecta- tions that we made hurried plans to conduct a week of intensive observation, hoping that we would be in time to take advantage of the continued apparent abnormalities of the ionized regions and possibly to take observations during the expected period when they would return to the condition which we had come to regard as normal for that time of year. Our hopes in the case of the latter possibility were to be in vain! In general, we had been completely baffled by the consistency and effectiveness of the communication reported and we had found it impossible to reconcile the results with our interpretation of the current hypotheses regarding the conditions in the upper atmosphere. We were determined to see for ourselves how effective and how consistent communication could be and to make quite certain that the equivalent layer was not fooling us by breezing down to lower levels just for the week-ends. In addition we hoped to be able to duplicate and possibly check the experiments’ of Meissner, conducted on 27,000 ke., in which, contrary to reasonable expectations, some higher angles of radiation were found to be much more effective than radiations at low angles or at the tangent of the earth’s surface. But in order to make clear this, to us, important objective it will be necessary to digress in order to discuss some of the present views concerning the nature of the ionized regions and the possible behavior of frequencies of the order of 28,000-ke. in them. We might point out at this moment that it would appear as though many ama- 3. A. Meissner, Proceedings of the 1.R.E., Novem- ber, 1927. OST 11 teurs regard the problems of communica- tion on the new band merely as those of the transmitter or receiver circuit. Some of their chief worries, it would seem, are whether the Hartley is better than the Ultraudion on that frequency and whether the tuned-grid tuned-plate can be made to oscillate with equivalent ease. It must be admitted that such considerations are prop- erly a phase of the problem but it is certain that they do not compare either in interest or importance with that essential and elusive part of the communication system which extends a few hundred miles above our heads. In all earnestness we plead for a greater appreciation of this point on the part of amateurs engaged in experiment on the new band. It is well known to all amateurs that long distance, high frequency communication is made possible by the existence of a condi- tion of ionization in the atmosphere which produces a refraction or bending of the waves leaving the surface of the earth, causing them to come down again at distant full Wave Antenna “« Halt-wave ontenna z. «tite 16-0" t hee Y% wove feeder (qpprox. 17-0") 7 _ FIG. 1. TWO TYPES OF ANTENNAS WHICH SHOULD BE PARTICULARLY EFFECTIVE FOR OPERATION ON THE 28,000-KC. BAND The antenna dimensions given were calculated for a frequency of 28,846 ke. No feeder lengthe are provided since they will be dependent upon the loca- tion of the tranemitter with respect to the antenna. They can be determined, however, by reference to the Sept. 1928 QST on page $85. | Seede eecer ; points, the locations of which are dependent upon the conditions in the ionized atmos- phere and upon the frequency being used for the transmission. We will not attempt a detailed explanation of the influences by which the atmosphere is considered to be ionized, since this has already been treated in great detail in QST by Taylor and Hul- burt and, more recently, by Rice. A bril- liant array of more comprehensive articles on the subject is also available in other technical publications.“ We might state, however, that the ionization responsible for the refraction can be considered as the 4 Proc. 1.R.E.; Bell. Tech. Journal; Physical Review; and many foreign publications.

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re of neutral gas molecules of t] osphere into their negative lectrons—and their positive The most important ionization or freeing o onsidered to be sunlight. In e the ionization experiences a da due to the rotation of the age! ng this ear sonal change as a re- lination of the earth’s rbit. A common miscon-

EQUIPMENT ee AT er used for the ahove it being UX-852 tubes, with thei: l. were used as rectifiers 1 UX-204-A was operated at the extreme tuned radio apparatus at the upper c. and 7,000-ke. trans- is loc ated im a small shack the main W1CCZ WI1CCZ teats is on the feeder- receiver, a stage of The e from amateurs is that form of a relatively at 100, 120 or per- the earth’s surface time of the day or year lity, it would seem, the i from the surface of the cart termost limit of our atmos- pher zation not, of course, nst nds upwards in an irregu- irt of the exists above eper the is lar g height of maximum inten- t point between 150 and 600 1 the surface of the earth, after v ers off in another irregular of the atmosphere. In order t omplexities of reference ntitatively the practice some sc ientific circles “the height of the has be in pea terms of layer’” juivalent layer height.” The gr ionization which would cause vave to be bent in such a manner reach the earth again at dista 0 miles would be termed “an equ ght of so many miles,” the term | nded to suggest that if a F We think that the use of such ormit y : bly convenient, is quite nfusing need hardly be warned that of such “layers” is likely

OST

JANUARY, 1929 reflecting medium was placed at the “so many” miles height, and that should the waves travel to and from it in straight lines, they would reach the earth for the first time at the same 1,000-mile point. In short, the “equivalent layer height” already mentioned many times in this paper refers to the height of an imaginary reflecting surface which would cause the same skip distance as that resulting from the particu- lar ionization gradient being considered. The important thing is to avoid the tempta- tion to think of the ionized regions as a “ceiling” of a definite height—instead to keep in mind the fact that any heights men- tioned are only those of an imaginary equiv- alent reflector. The gradient of the ionization or, more correctly, the gradient of the free electron density, is the factor actually responsible for the bending or refraction of the waves. The speed of travel of the waves is increased by an increase in the number of free elec- trons in their path and consequently when any two adjacent rays, for example, are projected into the regions of the atmosphere where free electrons exist in increasingly greater numbers, the higher of the two rays meets more free electrons than the lower. The higher ray therefore travels faster than the lower and the beam of rays is bent.’ If the ray beam starts out at a low angle it possibly will be bent only slightly and will return to earth nearer and nearer to the transmitter until a critical angle is reached from which the beam will return at the nearest possible point to the transmitter. At some higher angles the beams are con- sidered to be bent in such a manner as to go out into space without ever returning to earth. Aside from the gradient of the free elec- tron density, another factor enters into the process of refraction. It is the frequency of the transmitted signal. The degree of re- fraction is decreased as the frequency is increased and hence the angles of the radi- ated rays which are bent away from the earth and lost become lower as the fre- quency goes up. By making a number of assumptions it has been calculated’ with an equivalent layer height of 100 miles (a “measured” average height over this coun- try during several days in August, 1927) that on a frequency of about 20,000-ke. all rays radiated at angles greater than 10.8 degrees from the tangent of the earth’s sur- face are bent off into space and wasted as far as long distance communication is con- cerned. Further, with the same equivalent layer height, and on the same assumptions, it has been shown that only the lowest rays would ever come to earth when a frequency of 26,090-kce. was used and that this, in con- 6. Rice, QST, July and August, 7. Taylor, Proe. 1.R.E., August, 1927. 1926.

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JANUARY, 1929 sequence, is the highest frequency on which communication could be had between two distant points on this earth. From this we would be led to expect communication with frequencies between 28,000- and 30,000-ke. only when the equivalent layer height was in the vicinity of about 75 miles and then only by utilizing the tangent ray or rays radiated at very small angles to it. We realize fully that this has been but a pitifully crude and abbreviated statement of the generalities of some existing hypotheses but it will have served its purpose if it has indicated to amateurs not yet familiar with them these two facts—that they require an equivalent layer height of the order of 75 miles if reliable long-distance 30,000-kc. communication is to be had, and that they assume all rays radiated at angles greater than a few degrees above the tangent ray to be lost in space for all time. In recon- ciling these same hypotheses with the long studied performances on the lower frequen- cies, however, it would seem that the equiva- lent layer height must be assumed to be at least 100 miles in the summer days, except on rare occasions, and that its height at other seasons must be still greater. And measurements* of its height, taken in var- ious ingenious fashions and on the basis of some assumptions, have tended to check these figures. As a result of which we felt justified in wondering whether the equiva- lent layer had been extraordinarily low dur- ing many portions of the last eight months, whether frequencies of the order of 30,000- ke. were refracted in just the manner that had been visualized or if the free electron density gradient (and perhaps the ioniza- tion gradient in general) differed in some strange fashion from the character which we understood to be in order. The anticipated loss of all rays except those radiated at very low angles also con- cerned us greatly—as it has concerned many others—for the Meissner experiments had appeared to prove that the 27,270-ke. radi- ated at angles of 38 degrees and others at 80 degrees from the tangent ray were vast- ly superior to those of the low angles for communication between Nauen and Buenos Aires. Meissner’s published results* were limited to the behavior of that frequency only over that particular distance and it was hoped in our week of experiment to see which, if any, of the upper angles were effective on 28,000-ke., and to discover whether the most effective angles for one distance were also the best for all other dis- tances beyond the skip. The station at which the experimental 8. Briet and Tuve, Phys. Rev., Sept., 1926. Taylor and Hulbert, Phys. Rev., Feb., 1926, R. A. Heising, Proc. 1.R.E., Jan., 1928. Dahl and Gebhardt, Proce. I. R. E., March, 1928. Breit, Tuve and Dahl, Proc. L.R.E., Sept., 1928, Schelling, Proc. 1.R.E., Novem- ber, 1928. OST

work was conducted was W1CCZ at Wianno on Cape Cod. The apparatus and the special beam antenna’ had been built some months previously at the summer home of Mr. E. C. Crossett for experiment on the 28,000-kc. band but activity had ceased when Mr. Cros- sett moved to his Chicago home in Septem- ber. At our request the station was re- opened and placed at our disposal for the test week. The antenna system consisted of a hori- zontal fundamental Hertz antenna fed at one end through a tuned two-wire feeder

THE OPERATING SHACK AND ANTENNA AT W1CCZ system. A reflector wire was located one- quarter wavelength behind this antenna and two other reflectors were supported one-half wavelength on either side of the antenna. At a point three quarter-waves in front of the antenna a single director was mounted, the whole arrangement being similar to the system suggested by Uda” and Yagi.“ The mechanical arrangement of the system was such that it could be adjusted to any angle above the horizontal in either a westerly or easterly direction, the exact orientation be- ing on a line running 14 degrees north of west, corresponding to the Great Circle be- tween Wianno and Eastern Australia. The transmitter used to excite the antenna con- sisted of a UX-204-A tube arranged in a self-excited circuit and operated with an input of approximately 400 watts. The chief difficulty in our way was that of obtaining observers who were free enough to give us their entire interest during the days of the test. We were extremely for- tunate in finding two amateurs “on the air” who threw themselves into the work with apparently limitless enthusiasm and stood watch for us during almost the entire full daylight hours of the week. The amateurs were Mr. William Eitel of W6UF and Mr. Ivan O’Meara of ZL2AC. Without the co- éperation of these two gentlemen our ob- ) QST, October, 1928. 10 Uda, Proc. 1.R.E., May, 1927. 11 Yagi, Proc. 1.R.E.. June, 1928.

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E.S.T. undoubtedly would not have been We would place on record our on of the splendid spirit and keen ng shown by them. opened on November Ist at It was planned to trans- » first half hour of every hour of uring which any communication could be possible. This first -KC. TRANSMITTER AT W6TS also was active in observing the tranemissions and has played an im- t recent work with Reinartz of W1XAM. S, it will be remembered, were pioneers mn the old 40- and 20-meter bands. was therefore of one-half hour \t the termination of the period eard calling W1CCZ and soon ommunication was established tion. The beam at this time at an angle of 60 degrees to | facing west. W6UF at Los , reported the signals a steady r being told the nature of the gress, immediately agreed to r the entire week. His signals th slight fading. Without delay as adjusted to a sequence of en 80 degrees and the horizon- nd Hitel reported definite con- nges in signal intensity. A diate observation on his part, probable great significance was vas influenced definitely by the beam angle. With the beam 0 degrees to the horizontal, rength was reported to have R5 to R9 and the fading vere at some angles, was ob- e disappeared almost complete- turesquely qualified the in- rnal strength at the 30-degree ng “My father sitting in a om me can hear signals dis- times when angle is changed rwards discovered, O’Meara of borne, New Zealand, was lis- e same transmissions and, to , also reported that the 30-de- was greatly superior to any ignals were first heard by him New Zealand time (3:15 p.m. OST JANUARY, 1929 E.S.T.) when they were reported R3 to R4 with slight fading. At about the same time O’Meara heard the harmonic of WIK at R4. During the progress of the test the signals from W1CCZ varied between R3 and R5 at various beam angles but increased whenever the 30-degree angle was used. A signal’s strength of R6 to R7 was given for trans- mission at this angle. At the end of the first hour the WIK harmonic was reported to have faded to R1 while the signals from W1CCZ maintained a strength of between R5 and R7 until the transmitter was closed cown at 6:00 p.m. E.S.T. (10:30 a.m. N.Z.T.) Out of the kindness of our hearts we had made a schedule with W6UF for the follow- ing days no earlier than noon E.S.T. (9 a.m. P.S.T.). Communication was again estab- lished at this time, W6UF’s signals being R4. At this time the beam was adjusted at 60 degrees east (having been left at that angle after a previous test transmission) and the W1CCZ signals were reported R4 also. The beam was immediately changed to 30 degrees west, when the signal strength jumped to R8-R9 as on the previous day. ZL2AC also followed the transmissions on this second afternoon and apparently on all succeeding days, but unfortunately his full report on the remaining receptions has not, at this moment, been received. Contact with W6UF was continued until 5 p.m. E.S.T. when the last of several at- tempts that day was made to communicate with the New Zealand station. ZL2AC was being heard at R4 by W6UF but no trace of his signals was evident at W1CCZ. With the exception of one day, when Eitel was obliged to be away from his home, daily communicaticn was maintained with him for the seven days. At no time were the signals from W1CCZ reported by him to be of an audibility of less than R8 when the beam angle was at 30 degrees. It would appear that the signals made their first appearance suddenly at almost full strength and, as darkness extended beyond the transmitter, disappeared with similar rapidity. The W1CCZ signals were first evident at Los Gatos at about 7:45 a.m. P.S.T. (10:45 a.m. E.S.T.) The signals from W6UF, however, were not heard at Wianno until 10:30 E.S.T. After this hour thoroughly consistent signals could be ex- changed until about 6 p.m. E.S.T. when the W6UF signals usually would drop out. On only one afternoon did they disappear before this—at 5:35 p.m. E.S.T. The W1CCZ signals, though, did not drop out until between 6:30 and 6:45 p.m. E.S.T. when the beam was adjusted to the 30-de- gree angle. On the last evening of the test period, when the reflectors and director had been removed, the signals at W6UF went out almost an hour earlier. In general, the signals from W1CCZ could be received mneneo fo B ee Oe ee et oe eo Oo oe aa Oo OO GS

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et ee hee eee op —_—_ ne —_—_—————— ee, JANUARY, 1929 across the continent approximately an hour earlier and an hour later than the signals of W6UF. The antenna used at W6UF was a full-wave “Zeppelin” fed Hertz operated at heights varying from 10 to 25 feet above ground. Experiment, with different beam angles and with the director and some or all of the reflectors removed, was made, extending over almost the entire hours when communi- cation was possible. Code letters were sent to designate the different settings of the beam and in this way Eitel selected the most effective setting without a knowledge of the angle. Many splendid checks were obtained of the improved signal intensity and greatly reduced fading at beam angles within a few degrees of 30 degree. In con- trast to Meissner’s results no particularly effective angles above this were evidenced. The removal of the director made it clear that it was of very slight benefit. Also, experiment in the removal of the side reflec- tors made it appear that they were not of appreciable importance. The rear reflector, it seemed, was performing most of the work by itself. When it also was removed, leav- ing the antenna system as a simple hori- zontal fundamental Hertz approximately one wavelength above ground, the signal strength immediately dropped from the nor- mal R8-R9 to R4-R5 and fading became pronounced. It is unfortunate that conditions were such that similar signals were received from sta- tions using ordinary antennas during the entire week. It had been hoped that at some time of the test period the usual signals would disappear, so making it possible to determine whether or not the signals from the beam failed in the same manner. As the result of our observations of the 28,000-ke. work in general and of this test week in particular we find our mind filled with what appear to be important questions —problems to which we have not, as yet, found any solutions. We feel that we might well state them in the hope that other ex- perimenters will come forward with sugges- tions. They include: (a) With the knowledge that 25 of the 36 week-ends including and preceding that of November 18th were satisfactory for com- munication in the 28,000-kc. band and that such communication was maintained on every day of the first week of November, are we to believe that the conditions in the upper atmosphere at those times were as unusual as present hypotheses would de- mand? (b) If the conditions during the last nine months should be considered normal, why is it that such frequent and such satisfactory communication has been possible on the 28,- 000-ke. band when the hypotheses concern- OST 15 ing the behavior of such frequencies would not seem to permit it? (c) Can we assume that the high-angle rays actually are increased in amplitude when a beam antenna, such as that used, is tilted at high angles? (d) If this is so, and if the gradient of ioni- zation in the atmosphere is such that only the lowest rays ever return to earth, why is it that the rays radiated at relatively high angles to the earth’s tangent appear to be much more effective than those radi- ! ae | Pas 2 b ONE PRACTICAL ARRANGEMENT AN ANTENNA AND ADJUSTABLE REFLECTOR The cross pieces supporting the reflector wire could be pivoted on the upright poles with iron bolte. Then, by adjusting the tie ropes, the angle could be varied. If transmission in the opposite direction is to be attempted the reflector could be pulled over to the other side of the antenna by means of the ropes. The dimensions of the antenna and reflector are given in this case also for 28,846-ke. FIG. FOR ated at low angles? Why is it that the radiation at higher angles provides, at var- ious distances, not only definitely higher signal intensities but also a marked reduc- tion in fading and an increased period of reception during any one day? As a further result of our observations we are able to present some odd suggestions regarding equipment and experimental pos- sibilities which may be of interest to ama- teurs who are to undertake operation on the 28,000-ke. band. They are concerned chiefly with antennas which, it would seem, have a very important influence over the results obtained. Vertical half-wave antennas suspended at heights above ground less than their length, and horizontal antennas at heights greater than one wavelength, it would appear, radi- ate strongly at low angles. In the light of our experience, therefore, they would not seem particularly effective on the 28,000-kc. band. Full-wave vertical antennas suspend-

Page 14

ed 1 ground and horizontal antennas strur 1 height of one-half wavelength are red to radiate strongly at angles betv ) and 40 degrees. They probably wou ore satisfactory than simple an- ten! ranged in other fashions. The low heig! it possible that the antenna will tically sereened in some loca- 1) v OF THE W1CCZ ANTENNA endeavor should be made 0 er an open area well clear of tre ngs. Th riences with the W1CCZ beam intent made it evident that any such syste ade much simpler than was first t In its most practical form the s} ld consist of a half-wave an- tenna entrally between two re- flector one wavelength apart. A quarte1 hind the antenna the third reflect mounted, the four wires being in some wooden structure whicl it the angle to be varied. The f the supporting frame is not of importance and the ama- teur cal ended upon to design some assem|l most suited to his facili ties. Anot y satisfactory and _ still simpler would consist of a horizontal half-w a with a single reflector wire be! The reflector could be tied into pl pes and made adjustable in the wn in Figure 2. The le f the antennas for a given frequet be determined in the usual manner reflector wire or wires should 2 J IST, Oct., 1928 OST be made approximately nine-eighths the length of the antenna. The apparatus or circuit used in the transmitter itself need not differ from those used on the other high frequencies. Particu- lar attention should be given to the tank- circuit constants, the plate supply system and the mechanical construction in accord- ance with what are at present considered good practices, and special care must be taken in the tuning adjustments if a clean and steady signal is to be obtained. It is, perhaps, more important on this band than on any other to maintain the input to the tube at or below the rated value. The best modern practice for the lower- frequency bands can well be followed in the 28,000-ke. receiver also. The only possible necessary change, beyond that of the tun- ing-circuit constants, will be the detector plate voltage. In most receivers, an in- crease in this voltage over that used on other bands will be found necessary to pro- vide a satisfactory condition of oscillation. With a good 28,000-ke. transmitter and receiver and a suitable antenna (preferably one equipped with one or more adjustable reflectors) a magnificent field for communi- cation and experiment is opened up to the amateur. The chief thing is to realize that communication can be expected only when the two stations are separated by a region of daylight and that contact is likely to fail completely at some times. What is most needed at the present time is the complete and accurate record of per- formances obtained, particularly with regard to the date, times and consistency of pro- longed and frequent contacts. Amateurs will therefore contribute definitely to the development of the band if they will make a practice of noting the details of such con- tacts and sending their observations to Headquarters. Another urgent need, of course, is some variation of existing hypo- theses which will account for the results be- ing obtained! Some day, we believe, the new band will be found to comprise frequencies of untold worth. ay Strays $s W9DJK suggests that the CQ parrot owned by a fifth district ham really ought to have an operator’s license to avoid com- plications with the Radio Commission. If apprehended it is thought said parrot could ask for nothing better than solitary con- finement on a diet of crackers and water. Clipping from the humor column of the Duluth (Minn.) Herald: “A professional radio operator seems to be one who connects with lost explorer after amateurs show him how.” JANUARY, 1929 scr fie bal to ab wi NE cr op qu th SO

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>> 4 io) i ee Ac ti a coerce JANUARY, 1929 OST 17 A Crystal Note Without a Crystal By T. C. HO of you has listened to the com- mercial transmitter with its clean cut note and not wanted to dupli- cate it? Herewith follows a de- scription of a master-oscillator power-ampli- fier transmitter operating in the 3500-kce. band at W1CGR, which has been developed to a point of reliable performance compar- able with that of a commercial set-up, but within the means of the average amateur. NEUTRALIZATION VS. FREQUENCY DOUBLING Although the overall efficiency may be in- creased by neutralizing the amplifier and operating the oscillator at the amplifier fre quency, this method has been replaced with the slightly less efficient one of doubling th amplifier frequency, for the following re: sons: A. Undesirable feed back eliminated un- conditions which makes following items under “B” der all pos sible the and “C”. B. Frequency changes made easily with- out the necessity for additional ad- justments. C. A steady, clean cut note with pure d.c. characteristics. D. A slight change of tube character- istics has negligible effect upon note and frequency, which may not be true when the usual pseudo bridge is em- ployed. I. In order to duplicate the above by neutralizing the amplifier, elaborate shielding, additional windings and a neutralizing condenser are necessary. Referring to the oscillator which operates in the 1750-ke. band (the amplifier operating in the 3500-kc. band) the schematic wiring diagram shows that a series feed split coil Hartley has been chosen. Other conven- tional self-excited circuits should work out satisfactorily. However, this one seems to lend itself to the application particularly well, in that its output is reasonably con- stant over a wide range of frequencies, with but a single control adjustment. The series feed is partly responsible for this conven- ience and, therefore, has been given prefer ence over the more commonly used shunt feed. It should be noted that the tank circuit is completed with a high grade mica condenser of .004 ufd., located close to the tank induc- tance, and that it must carry the radio fre- quency current in this circuit which may be several amperes. The position of all leads to the inductance Dwight Road, Springe- *WICGR, origina] 2DR field. Mase Cooper* referred to is relatively as shown; this is equally true of the center-tapped resistances and by-pass condensers. The latter arrange- ment permits of short radio frequency re- turn leads and accordingly, has been given preference over transformer center-tapped windings. A strong second harmonic may be realized by choosing a high value of grid leak re- sistance in the order of 10,000 ohms or more, VIEW OF THE SET COMPLETELY ASSEMBLED. The top, back and side covers may be removed to low greater accessibility when it is necessary to work upon the equipment. When in place, as shown, ti complete protection of the set against dust 1 GENERAL en otter and dirt as well as mechanical injury. The lower ortion of the panel carries the oscillator tank circuit mdenser and the plate voltmeter and milliammeter. rhe upper panel carries the amplifier equipment. The three upper meters are for antenna current, plate and plate current while the meter in the center is for filament voltage. The condensers con- trol the frequency of the amplifier tank circuit and nfenna system roitade by reducing the number of turns in the grid circuit to a working minimum and increas- ins the plate turns to a working maximum. Incidently, the note will also benefit. Let’s deviate from our description for a moment. Before one can raise the efficiency of any circuit, the losses must be reduced to that point where connections are connections and insulation is insulation. For example, don’t wire up a tank circuit with No. 18 wire when the inductance may be of 3/16-inch copper ribbon, for a chain is only as strong as its weakest link. Don’t expect condenser bearings to stay clean and depend upon them for good contact forever.

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It pays terval denser ' atten throug The currer voltag are | The in tl aerial moving oscill amp! to di fier gr is the frequt cann better A fte d.c. not filter, t The r conder capacity it is tri is the a factor quenc} ampilifi may regulat will be The the grid of the withstar the com! plate Its valu may be good re tap from nearer tank coil The am] veloped described schemati C3, returt fier center complete rent is n 1. Better can contir when the sta October issue tion of the nx ) brighten them up at regular in- use a leaky socket or con- inferior insulation. be paid to similar points tor tube is a UX-210 and a plate 8 mils is obtained with a plate F Strong, stable oscillations frequency of 1750-kce. nd harmonic may be readily heard band by disconnecting the und from the receiving set and twenty feet from the also removing the transmitter from its socket, taking care the coupling from the ampli- oscillator tank circuit.’ check the oscillator note and ways remembering that you the amplifier note to be any t of the oscillator. nual failure to realize a pure the conventional brute force iit shown has been adopted. radio frequency chokes and lues are not critical. the 216 rectifier tubes does, them heavily, but equally true at the regulation is improved, taining constant oscillator fre- varying loads imposed by the e capacity across the rectifier ed without much change in the percentage of a.c. ripple coupling condenser between implifier and the tank circuit r should be mica insulated to radio frequency voltages and . voltages of the oscillator nd the amplifier grid bias. particularly critical and ed to .0008 ufd. with equally the size is reduced, the nplifier grid should be moved plate end of the oscillator r 1750-ke. power input is de- the choke, RFC, which is data appearing under the The by-pass condenser, grid circuit to the ampli- If it is omitted, of the amplifier plate cur- ble with an open key when ‘t a monitor with which you » character of the signals See page 17 of the r information on the construc- OST JANUARY, 1929 a reasonable fixed bias is used. This re- sults in the familiar back wave common to most wmaster-oscillator power-amplifier transmitters even though neutralized. It is also important that the plate circuit return condenser, C2, not be omitted. The 203-A amplifier tube is worked with an input of 80 watts since it has been de- termined that this represents an optimum use of the output of the oscillator previously described. A series feed plate supply has been chosen for the amplifier as for the oscillator. The amplifier grid is also highly biased and radiation of consequent tube har- monics suppressed by a selective coupled radiating system. The position for optimum coupling under such conditions is surprisingly critical to that degree where small plus or minus values from the correct one may result in overheating of the amplifier tube, loss of useful radiation, shifting of frequency from a swinging radiating system or a change in note and other undesirable inherent reactions. POWER TRANSFORMERS One of the requisites for a steady note is good voltage regulation of the plate and fila- ment supplies. The use of three transform- ers as shown in the diagram materially helps in realizing this condition. RECTIFIER TUBES UX-281 rectifier tubes are not rated to deliver their output at 1,000 volts; neverthe- less, the particular stock tubes in use have continued to do so at an average of 80 milliamperes and show no signs of weakness after 700 hours of intermittent service. RADIO FREQUENCY INDUCTANCES The oscillator inductance is wound with soft copper strap 3/16-inches wide and 1/16-inch thick. The maximum diam- eter of the coil is 4 inches and the shape of the winding supports is hexagonal and not round. The spacing between the edges of the turns is %-inch. The grid coil is of seven turns and the plate coil of twelve and a half turns. The spacing between the two coils is half an inch. The amplifier plate coil is wound with thirteen turns of No. 12 soft drawn copper wire, each turn spaced three-eighths of an inch as measured between wire centers of adjacent turns. The maximum outside diameter is 3% inches. The antenna coupling inductance consists of eight turns of No. 14 soft drawn copper, turns spaced 3/16 of an inch between wire centers of adjacent turns and with a maxi- mum outside diameter of 5% inches. It has not been found necessary to mount the various inductances at right angles to each other; however, it is good practice to Ja? havi arol ject T rad gro’ fro twe The tap fre lize at. doe wit ma me oth out qu

Page 17

JANUARY, 1929 have at least three inches of clear space around them and not include any metal ob- jects in their concentrated fields. RADIO FREQUENCY CHOKES

Ost 19

neighboring broadcast receivers results even with selective receivers if a modulated supply and operation on 3500 ke. are em- ployed. The resistors, R2 and R3, as shown in the amplifier plate supply serves these purposes: The radio frequency chokes, RFC, prevent 1. Improves regulation radio frequency currents from taking the long path be- tween the oscillator and amplifier. The jumper between the center tapped resistances of the radio frequency tubes serves to stabi- lize both circuits. This lead being at zero radio frequency potential does not effect the coupling but without it, undesired reactions may obtain. CONTROL ADJUSTMENTS There are three main adjust- ments nearly independent of each other and these may be carried out in the order given: 1. Oscillator frequency. 2. Amplifier tank circuit fre- quency. 3. Radiating system frequency. AMPLIFIER PLATE SUPPLY AND KEYING METHOD These items representing two closely associated circuits will be considered jointly. We will start by calling attention to the method of keying which has successfully passed tests wherein other meth- ods have fallen short. An electrified receiver with a minimum sensitivity of 10 micro- volts-per-meter when operated in common with the transmitter 60- cycle supply failed to register interference. A _ three-circuit tuner located some 150 feet from the transmitter also was unable to detect the transmitter opera- tion. Other electrified receivers in the immediate vicinity were likewise free from any transmit- ter interference. Returning to the schematic, a reactor, X, is used to retard any sudden change of the amplifier plate current and a condenser, C4, absorbs keying surges. Only the amplifier current flows through the reactor and the cur- rent through the resistors, R2 and R3, does not affect it. The pure d.c. of the oscillator should not be contaminated by an impure plate supply to the amplifier tube. cordingly, the reader is urged to follow the It has been the writer’s experience that interference to schematic or its equivalent. returning to 2. Protects the fil ground through the power transformers or or surges.

< Oscillator Filament

THE COMPLETE SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE 2 . MITTER AND POWER SUPPLY IS SHOWN ABOVAY The connections between the power supply unite and the transmitter are shown in dotted lines. No lines are shown for the oscillator filament due to its position in reference to the transformer winding feeding it. The inductances used for the oscillator tank, amplifier plate circuit and antenna circuit are described in full in the text. The radio frequency chokes RFC, are small honeycomb coils $3/16-inch thick wound with No. 28 8.c.c. wire. The inside diameter is %-inch and the out- side diameter, 1%-inch. If similar chokes are not available, all may be constructed as RFC1 is. This consists of a single layer of No. 26 d.c.c. wire on a 8-inch tube. The winding is 5 inches long. The constants of the filter circuit in the power supply are indicated on the drawing and the other constants of the trans- mitter are as follows: C.—500 wuld. Cé—600 upfd. C1—250 upfd. C7—4,000 pufd R2—30,000 to 50,000 ohms capable of dissipating 30 C2—.01 ufd. - : C3—1 pfd. C8—800 pwufd. watts. Ci—2 ufd. R—10,000 ohms. R3—10,000 ohms approa- C5—1,000 wufd. Ri—25 ohms. imately. X—30 henries capable of handling 100 mils. d.c. 3. Provides that part of the bias which Ac- may be readily shorted for keying. From an examination of the keying method, it is apparent that the combined values of the bias battery and the IR drop

Page 18

acr tance, R3, should be sufficient for cut-off of the amplifier tube plat when the oscillator is operat- ing ar ey is open. When the key is clos plifier plate current will not exct r 20 mils, assuming the radiating syste etuned during this check. S} current exceed these values witl imended “C” voltages, it is sugg t the coupling lead from the J A REA F THE SET SHOWING THE GENERA VENT OF THE VARIOUS PARTS The t it accessory equipment is lo with the multiplier for the high t the left. The amplifier tube ‘@ one work: in the center and the fwo ft tre at its sides. Above the condenae ivy he seen the amplifier and aa grid of fier be moved away from the pl: tank coil just enough to bring al rre conditions. Closing the key ng the radiating system should the amplifier plate cur- rent t } or 80 mils and the oscil- lator } t by about 2 mils. These values mewhat with different antenr The wv pleased to answer ques- tions article providing self-add ped envelopes are in- cluded. Strays’) The cu oltage in the keep-alive circuit iry are rectifier is usually kept dow: lowest possible value in order heating of the tube at the point keep-alive arc itself. At t | tnis OST times this voltage may drop somewhat and the arc becomes extinguished. When the are goes out, the current in the circuit drops to zero and the magnetic field around the choke in the keep-alive circuit collapses, in- ducing a voltage across the terminals of the choke. This voltage may, in many cases, be high enough to cause a break-down in the insulation of the choke or transformer which supplies this circuit. A way of pre- venting this voltage from doing any damage is to shunt the choke with a resistor of from 5,000 to 50,000 ohms. 2*@e BOOK REVIEWS By H. P. Westman, Technical Editor 1NDBOOK of Chemistry and Physics by Hodgman and Lange. Thirteenth edition by the Chemical Rubber Pub- lishing Co. of Cleveland, Ohio. Price $5.00. 1196 pages with an index comprising 18 pages. There are fifteen sections covering the following: Mathematical Tables, 144 pages, General Chemical lables, 588 pages, Properties of matter 37, Heat, 69 pages, Hygrometric and pares tarometric Tables 9 pages, Sound, 5 pages, Electricity and Magnetism, 37 pages, Light 57 Miscellaneous Tables, 2» pages, Definitions and Formulas, Laboratory Arts and Recipes, 8 pages, Photographie Formulas, 8 Measures and Units, 116 pages, Wire Tables, 16 pages and Problems, 7 pages. As may be seen, several of these pages, 53 pages, pages, sections are of direct interest to the radio experimenter and engineer. The mathematical tables include among other things, Algebraic Formulas, trigonometrical functions, differ- entials and integrals, analytical gweometry, four and five place logrithms, natural sines, cosines, tangents and contangents, hyperbolic functions, degrees-radians and a table giving the reciprocals, powers, and roots of numbers between 1 and 1000, together with the cir- cumference and area of circles of their diameters. The section on mathematics may be obtained separately, the price being 75ec. Principles of Mercury Are Rectifiers and Their Circuits by David Chandler Prince and Francis Brooke Vogdes. 225 pages and 155 figures. Published by McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. of New York City. Price $3.00. While primarily directed at the power engineer who must work with rectifiers, the book devotes a consider- able amount of space to the fundamentals underlying the operation of mercury are rectifiers In addition it treats both the kneotron and tungar tubes giving their principles of operation and thei: characteristics. outstanding Well over half the book is devoted to power rectifier circuits employed with mercury are rectifiers Methods of attacking many of the problems met with in this work are outlined and the regulation of both single and poly-phase arrangements is treated extensively A chapter on the theory of the causes of arc-back brings out many interesting points which must be con- sidered in the generaloperation of these units. For the man who is interested in finding out more about mreeury are rectifiers, this book is of great interset particularly if his work is along standard electrical engineering lines. JANUARY, 1929 JANL T T ql pl la sourc sired meas speal and in re in co supp of n Amo oper quen ang! In 1 spec quir gene Tl in g havi duct cuit ” EEE forn freq ind cone able shu of voli it i ave I bea pro ose —S —— ose is | hig far occ ple ove the im) pre ma col sib ing of for tio *p

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I JANUARY, 1929 The Heterodyne Low By J. E. T is to be conceded that the low fre- quency generator is an indispensable piece of apparatus about the radio laboratory. It is required to act as a source of alternating voltage, at any de- sired frequency in the audible range, in all measurements made on amplifiers, loud speakers, filters, microphone transmitters and many other pieces of apparatus used in radio practice. In fact, it can be used, in combination with a suitable amplifier, to supply an alternating voltage for any kind of measurement requiring such an e.m.f. Among these may be listed the following: operating the various types of low fre- quency bridges, measuring capacity, phase angle, power factor, resistance, et cetera. In making many of these measurements, special arrangements of apparatus are re- quired but in all cases the low frequency generator is indispensable. The low frequency generator which is in general use is a vacuum tube oscillator having a variable tuned circuit, the in ductance and capacitance in this tuned cir cuit adjusted, according to the 159.2 f that LC being so the desired formula frequency is generated directly, The larg« inductance used is generally fixed while the condenser consists of two parts, one vari- able in steps and the other, connected in shunt, continuously variable. The quantity of apparatus required and the expense in volved is relatively considerable, at least it is considerable from the viewpoint of the average experimenter. It is well known that an audio frequency beat note can be easily produced by the process of superimposing a high frequency oscillation upon another high frequency oscillation. The beat frequency produced is equal to the difference between the two high frequencies. However, in the most familiar case where such beat frequencies occur—in the oscillating receiver—the com- plete gamut of the audible range is passed over in almost a hair’s breath movement of the condenser tuning dial. It is, therefore, impractical to use such a method for the production of audible frequencies without making some effort to choose the proper conditions. It is true that it might be pos- sible to make the set-up operable by shunt- ing a micro-condenser across the terminals of the principal condenser, but it will be found that this will not be a practical solu- tion. If a slow motion gear train be used, *President, National Radio Institute, Washington, D.C. OST 21 Frequency Generator Smith* the ratio of this train will have to be so great that the effects of back-lash will cer- tainly mask the very small motion that the main condenser is required to make. The problem then, is to find the conditions red frequency Kraable frequency oscillating receéiwer + | = ¢ 7 = ] > | | 3 EPEETELIT | 4 - +h — FIGURE 1. This is probably the simplest method of generating audio frequencies by means of beats \/though it is possible to generate both frequencies n @ single tube, this usually results in bad dragging both frequencies into step when the circuits are adjusted for low beat frequencies. Loose coupling between the two circuits should be employed in or- ler to alleviate this condition. inder which the following requirements will be met: (A) It must be possible to continuously vary the frequency from zero to the required upper limit (general- ly the limit of audibility). (B) The variation of frequency, when caused by the turning of the dial, must be so accomplished that there is not an uncomfortably large change of frequency for a given amount of dial motion. (C) Sufficient power must be generated at any frequency in the range to satisfy the requirements of the tests being made. (D) The harmonic content of the out- put shall not be too large. These are the main requirements. Any others that arise will be considered as they are met. The simple arrangement is il- lustrated in Figure 1. It consists of a generator of the ordinary type, on the left, having in its tuned circuit a fixed in- ductance and a fixed capacitance. Coupled to this is an oscillating receiver, shown on the right, having also fixed inductance but a variable capacitance. There is nothing new in this arrangement but we shall see that the important feature is the value of the constants employed. The method of arriving at them is as follows: Let F be the constant frequency of the generator at the left of Figure 1, and let f be the vari- able frequency of the generator on the n

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quired curve stable the upp sun oscill actu In kiloc henr The c N whole >» amount as f, varies. sroeses the fixed frequency line. The beat frequency, fo, resulting he combination of F and f is f, = F-f (1) F is greater or less than nakes no practical difference, but only a difference in the algebraic sign of The auditory response to f, is the same ver its algebraic sign is plus or minus. F constant, then, f must vary in the That is, if the frequency is to vary from zero to cycles per second, then f must vary n F and F+20,000 cycles per second. , then, represent the total range of Fined frequency generator Capacitance in escillating receiver he two curves show the effect of chang- f capacitance across the inductance of equency oscillator upon the frequency ie oscillating. The horizontal line F, is ency of the fixed frequency oscil- is also the value of fil, _ the equency of the oscillating receiver. e audible range are generated between the ked a and b with zero beat at Cl where the It should be a much larger change of capacity ia re- un through the audible range of beats e of the variable frequency oscillator is the fixed frequency. The shape of this ndicates why a hwh C circuit is more one of low capacitance; the greater value flatter the curve gets and the less effect a e in capacitance causes. frequency and let f: and f, be the 1 lower limits respectively of the f the oscillating receiver. As- the coupling between the two is very loose as is the case in tice, we write k k f.-f; = tga a (2) VLC: \V/LC: ‘formulas, the frequencies are in per second, inductances in micro- d capacitances in microfarads. t k, for these units is 159.2. ppose it is desired to cover the nge of f, over 180 degrees of a OST JANUARY, 1929 tuning condenser dial and that the con- denser we wish to use has a capacity ratio (3) — —r C: where C: is the maximum capacity of the condenser and C, is the minimum. Sub- stituting this relation in equation (2), in order to eliminate C., and solving for L, we obtain k? [ _ | s r-l f,* C, Vv (4) Equation 4 gives the value of the in- ductance required in the oscillating receiver in order to make the limits of the beat fre- quency meet the limits of the movement of the tuning dial. Since f.2 — LC./k, Equa- tion 4 may be put into the form f, \Vr-1 It will be seen from this that since fy is in the audible range, for f. to be above audi- bility, r must have a value lying between 1 and 4. The lowest possible value that f; may be permitted to have is the upper limit of audibility, which would require that r be equal to 4; in other words the capacity ratio of the variable condenser would be 4. The frequency f: is the lower frequency limit of the oscillating receiver. The upper limit is L= f, = f. + f, (6) To obtain the equation for the beat fre- quency at any setting of the variable con- denser, let r' be the capacity ration at that setting. That is, if C. be the capacity at a given setting, then C.'/C, = r’ at that set- ting. Then, since f, is f; — f:, k k k .- f. = - —_— = [vi-vF] / C; C, VLC: VL- aD VL . r r' (7) From this equation, the calibration curve of the generator can be computed very closely, providing the values are measured accurate- ly and the calculated curve may be used as a check on the experimental calibration. In order to visualize the phenomena let us refer to Equation 1 which states that the beat frequency is equal to the difference between the frequencies of the two gen- erators and that one of these frequencies is constant, (i.e., does not vary with the set- ting of the condenser) while the other does vary. The manner in which the oscillating —“eeh tO eee OO ee ee ee ee ee ee ee a eh

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L929 con- ratio the sub- , in in- ver re- 1a- di- en f, er at ty “y or * t JANUARY, 1929 receiver varies is indicated by the curve in Figure 2 marked k/,\/LC. This curve is a hyperbola and lies completely below the axis of zero frequency; that is, it is algebra- ically negative with respect to the fixed fre- quency of the other oscillator because we are considering the beats as the difference between the two. However, it all sounds the same to the ear, so we need not worry whether the curve is above or below the axis, It will be noted that this hyperbolic curve never reaches its axis of zero frequency; in fact we do not even wish it to enter the region of audible frequencies. But if we raise the curve to the position of the curve marked f, in Figure 2, part of the curve will fall in the region of audible frequencies as far as the beat note between the two os- cillators is concerned. This part of the curve lies between the points a and b. The two parts of this section of the curve that lie on either side of F are equal with re- spect to their frequency range; in other words at C, the beat frequency is zero and as we go in either direction on the curve away from C,, the beat frequency rises until it reaches the limit of audibility at a and b. For the purpose of generating audible fre- quencies it is not necessary to use both halves of this section of the curve; further- more, by using only one half of this sec- tion we are enabled to use a smaller capacity ratio. If we used both halves of the curve, we should have to have a capacity ratio 1.414 times as great and would cover the audible frequency band twice over the range of the condenser. It will be noted, however, that as the curve is raised farther and farther, the part of it which comes into the audible range of beats becomes steeper and steeper. It is, therefore, advisable to raise it only as far as is required to bring its flattening top portion into the audible range. This means that it is advisable to have the fixed frequency, F, as low as possible and have a high C/L ratio in the tuned circuit. Unfortunately, it is not possible to deter- mine on a fixed frequency that is just above the audible range and obtain satisfactory operation. This is due to the fact that both of the oscillators employed generate har- monic frequencies as well as the funda- mental frequencies desired. It is, there- fore, possible to beat the second harmonic of the lower fundamental frequency against the fundamental of the higher frequency and get a beat note that may be in the audi- ble range. For example, if we use 20 kc. as the lowest fixed frequency above audi- bility and vary the oscillating receiver from 20 to 40 ke. to obtain a beat frequency of from zero to 20 ke., we find that the second harmonic of the fixed frequency is 40 kc. and as the beat between the fundamental of the fixed frequency and the fundamental Ost 23 of the variable frequency goes from zero to 20 ke., the beat between the second har- monic of the fixed frequency and the funda- mental of the variable frequency goes from 20 ke. to zero. From this it will be seen that when turning the dial of the variable frequency generator, we will have in the output circuit two audible frequencies, one of which varies from zero to 20 ke. and the other (weaker but still good and audi- ble) varying between 20 ke. and zero. The tabulation below shows the beat fre- quencies generated by various combinations of harmonics and between harmonics and the fundamental frequencies involved. The first column headed, F, lists the funda- mental frequency of the fixed oscillator. This value is varied between 40 and 120 ke. in 20-ke. steps. The second column, f, gives three values of the variable frequency which correspond to beats between it and F, or zero, ten and twenty kilocycles, the values of which appear in the third column. The other five columns give the beat fre- quency for various combinations of har- monics. F f F-f F-2f e2F-2f 2F-8f SF-4f 4F-5f 40 40 0 40 0 40 40 40 30 10 20 20 10 0 10 20 20 0 40 20 40 60 60 60 0 60 0 60 60 60 50 10 40 20 30 20 10 40 20 20 40 0 20 40 80 80 0 80 0 80 80 80 70 10 60 20 50 40 30 60 20 40 40 20 0 20 100 100 0 100 0 100 100 100 90 10 80 20 70 60 50 80 20 60 40 40 20 0 120 120 0 120 0 120 120 120 110 10 100 20 90 80 70 100 20 80 40 60 40 20 The more desirable conditions are those in which no beats between the harmonics occur at a frequency of 20 ke. or lower. From the table it will be seen that as the value of F is raised, this condition is im- proved. Theoretically, no penny | can be obtained where no such beats are had but in practise, the frequency may be so chosen that these beats occur between harmonics that are remote from the fundamental fre- quency and are, therefore, of small enough energy not to result in an audible signal in the output circuit. It will also be noted that the beat between the second harmonies of beth oscillators as shown in the fourth column is always double the desired beat frequency. The only man- ner in which this can be overcome is to insert filters that allow only the funda- mental frequency to pass and combine the output of the two oscillators in a common detector circuit. This materially compli- cates matters and unless a very pure out- put is required, it is not done. Its effect in the output is that of introducing some en- ergy at the second harmonic of the de- sired audible frequency. (Continued on Page 0)

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he directions. OST JANUARY, 1929 Rotten Television By The Old Man between you and me it’s just me somebody took a crack at hogwash that is permeating literature concerning tele- been following it all pretty getting hotter and hotter about rm I’ve got to get it off my too much for this old bird I got together a pretty good Nice discs, dandy motor, and doodads, and whatnot. according to directions, and get what was to be got. g by the articles and ad- that are appearing by the I was all primed for the my hoary and sinful career. inutes I was going to tune ion station, twiddle a few the pretty pictures. happened. I tuned in the part was easy, at least. No funny bunch of lines. Then what the directions say: on a television transmis- is necessary is to bring the nto synchronism, and the pic- Sounded easy, so I hove the motor rheostat a little. ture. I gave it some more edicine. Just exactly no dif- By this time I was begin- rat in that innocent looking “All that is eh? All that is necessary. ! For the rest of that broad- und jiggled and sweated and once toward the tail end nism. e. For about half a second, the picture. It was a rotten kered and it was fuzzy and the time I was woitdering ey picked on a cow to tele- y dawned on me that it wes was looking at. Then I lost i my man disappeared in intoxicated lines. By the ast finished I had a brand ve vocabulary. Kitty, hav- near during the festivities, on copiously. e I have tried it some more. he synchronizing gadgets I'll be triple dad gormed if t picture in synchronism for ‘seconds. It just isn’t I’ll bet my favorite corneob ever do it for any longe: me public-spirited family starts in to breed television synchronizers through eight or ten generations. There is another nasty little habit that outfit of mine has. In the infrequent second or so I manage to hold it, a snake that has been stung in the snout with home-brew will often wander into the picture and all across the subject. I don’t know what makes him, and I can’t seem to control him. Sometimes he’s there, and sometimes he isn’t, and sometimes he brings his relations with him. I don’t like snakes in what I see, but what am I going to do about it? In these honeyed-up ads and articles, why don’t they go ahead and tell the whole story? Why don’t they say that there isn’t a single practical synchronizing system avail- able yet, and that getting your picture and holding it is about ten times as hard as hold- ing a wobbly forty-meter d.c. signal by using a 67-plate tuning condenser with a sticky shaft and no vernier? Why don’t they say that it takes a lot of practice and the fingers of a magician to hold a picture for about three microseconds? Why don’t they tell us that the picture is only a little cuss about an inch square, and that the whole business looks like a fire scene in the movies ? Why don’t they mention that the defini- tion is rotten in the little pictures, and many times worse in the ones where you use a magnifying glass to get them bigger? And why don’t they explain that the only way we can get bigger pictures and better definition is by using enough modulation on the carrier to take up half the broadcast band, and that even if we had transmitters to send such stuff and receivers to receive it—which we haven’t—the Federal Radio Corporation wouldn’t let anybody have that much of the ether? Why don’t they say that television is crude, results are difficult to achieve, and that it is only a plaything for the experi- menter who is satisfied with occasional bum results, and that it is distinctly not at the stage where John W. Public can buy an ontfit and get anything remotely approach- ing 2 satisfactory picture? Now, I’m all for progress. Don’t get me wrong. I am sure that some day we will have really practical television. There are a lot of serious experimenters like Jenkins and Alexanderson working on it, and when you get people like that working on any- thing, something is bound to happen. The two big problems of cheap satisfactory synchronization and definition and size with limited ether space will be solved by some- (Continued on Page 74) ery at sta to | If osc wo we Sal cry in tol cr} we ne fre ste ed ing ce fe mi cit

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tm SN Oo m= Ve OD JANUARY, 1929 OST 25 A Poor Man’s M. O. P. A. By J. T. McCormick* OST of us have noticed that we are able to read a weak crystal-con- trolled signal through a compara- tively strong signal of the more usual kind. The reason is no secret. The crystal fellow’s dots and dashes are always at the same pitch and we recognize them in- stantly as belonging to the station we wish to copy. We sigh for a crystal—but we’re too poor. If only a fellow could build a self-excited oscillator as steady as a crystal, the world would be rosy indeed. We’re so poor that we can’t even afford the extra tube neces- sary for an oscillator-amplifier affair. But wait! Perhaps all is not lost. If the crystal man’s note sounded perfectly steady in the receiver, the little self-excited oscilla- tor in the receiver must be as steady as the crystal signal to which we listened. Now we have something to work on. We merely need to find out why it is that every ham from Tecumseh to Tokio is able to build a steady receiver; then apply our new knowl- edge to the building of a transmitter. Look- ing over the situation, we find that the re- ceiver works under conditions somewhat dif- ferent from those found in the usual trans- mitter. In the receiver: 1. The tube runs perfectly cool. 2. There is very little load on the control circuit. 3. Regulation of the power supply is ex- cellent. 1. The radio frequency load impedance is low. 5. Low “C” is used in the control tank. Differences 4 and 5 are obviously in favor of the transmitter and it is apparent that the reasons for unsteadiness in thousands of self-excited transmitters must lie in 1, 2 and 3. We need not discuss No. 3 as nearly everyone is giving it proper consideration at present. Only 1 and 2 are left. Looks easy! The receiving tube runs cool because we do not try to apply twice the rated plate voltage. Also, we use a high grid bias. Ol course, we can’t afford to make the trans- mitter dance to the same tune as the re- ceiver in the matter of plate voltage be cause, after all, the receiver merely needs to oscillate, while the transmitter must de- liver power to the antenna. Most of us can trim the voltage down a skinnv bit with profit, though. Perhaps, the old 5,000-ohm grid leak will give us another ampere in the antenna, but we’re after a chirpless note. Let’s get one of those variable resistors that are supposed to be able to dissipate a lot *W9BHR, 210 N. Knox Ave., Topeka, Kansas. of power, and use it as a leak. We can pro- tect it from radio frequency energy by shunting it with a condenser and putting a good choke in series with it. We can twist the knob to the left in a determined manner until the monitor says the note is chirpless. No. 2 is not as easily disposed of, but we’re going to tackle it. We usually think of the tank circuit as a load on the tube, but, conversely, the tube conductance is also a load on the tank. Imposing a load on a a0 LL (a) (b) FIGURE 1 tuned circuit is equivalent to increasing the resistance of it. We want to keep the re- sistance of the tank circuit low because it controls the frequency of oscillation and we prefer that it be very partial to one particu- lar frequency. Transmitting tubes usually have a very low plate impedance and the best we can do is to cut the plate voltage and increase the grid bias (this decreases the tube conductance) until the monitor gives its OK. Now we reach the real stumbling block— the antenna. How in tunket are we going to take the antenna load, or at least part of it, off the control tank circuit? Let’s try to couple the antenna to the tube, but not to the control circuit! Figure 1 shows two ways of connecting two tuned circuits together electrically and yet permit them to be tuned independently. It is assumed that the voltage node of one circuit has been precisely located and the other circuit connected to this point. It is assumed also that there is no coupling be- tween the two circuits other than the con- nection mentioned. (This is theory, not practice!) Adding a load to one circuit will not affect the other. If we can only per- suade the tube to put r.f. “juice” through

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both ene That of que and « habit oscill are tv gentle back t or le the Figur force of a we SG, leases the « natur necté« uine ance. enoug that t} circuit Figure might | y oscillat the tic] will not accord, actance In that ment c tor, let’ other |! the two reuits, we can couple the antenna to nd control oscillation with the other. shows two ways in which this be done—only, they won’t oscillate. neither circuit will oscillate if both tanks are tuned to the same fre- —_——o (b) FIGURE 2 little switching. We are in the eferring to all circuits which won’t non-oscillators. Actually, there reeds of the critters. There is the mal which lacks sufficient feed- roduce self-oscillation. It is more irmiess. However, there is also monster which actively fights Remember when we hooked up r backwards? That’s one example. shows two more. If we try to lations in these circuits by means r tuned to their natural period, hat the anti-oscillator circuit re- wer from the tube to damp out ns so forced. Because of this rversity, the circuits of Figure 3 y refuse to oscillate of their own t also will stop the show if con- he same tube circuit with a genu- tor. This, of course, is at reson- » the case of non-resonance, the re- ' the -anti-oscillator may be far f phase not to affect oscillation. e, itdoes no harm. (Moral: Fila- s must not be resonant!) we have reminded ourselves such a thing as an anti-oscilla- eep it in mind and reconsider the 5 Figure 2. First, we will take an- at Figure la. We decided that tank circuits could be tuned inde- OST leave the main line at this point JANUARY, 1929 pendently—and they can. But it is also evident that whenever oscillation occurs in the L2C2 circuit, the point marker “X” must rise and fall in potential at radio fre- quencies. If we look upon the whole L1C1 circuit as being a mere lump of metal, we realize that it, too, must rise and fall in potential. Of course, L1 is an inductance and Cl is certainly a condenser and it is true that neither one nor both can be ac- curately considered as a mere lump of metal, but the “lump of metal” viewpoint is lucid and near enough to the truth for our pur- poses. In Figure 2a, the r.f. output of the tube (if any) passes through both tuned circuits because they are connected in series with regard to this output. It is also plain that L2C2 is connected to what would normally be considered a voltage node in Ll. How- ever, if L2C2 reacts to the r.f. current passed through it by the tube (and it does) the “node” of L1 is no longer a node because it is part of the “lump of metal” affected by L2C2. That is; the voltage node is at the center of Ll as related to oscillations of L1Cl. As related to the rest of the world in general, however, no such node exists, but there is one somewhere between the center and the grid end of L1. (Quick, Watson, the smelling salts! Mr. Einstein has fainted!) About this time, we notice that the grid and plate of the tube in Figure 2a are also a part of the “lump of metal” and are, there- fore, related to L2C2 in the anti-regenera- tive manner of Figure 3a. Now, L1Cl is a regenerative circuit simply because it is connected to the plate and grid in such a manner that the phase relationship between the plate and grid voltage is right to pro- duce self-oscillation. When L1C1 is oscil- lating, the plate is negative at an instant when the grid is positive. On the other hand, looking at the plate and grid from L2C2, if, for some reason, oscillations are present in that circuit, the voltages im- pressed upon the plate and grid will be of the same polarity. These two circuits are in series across the output of the tube and if the output current was to flow through both of them, the voltages across L1Cl would at one instant make the plate positive and the grid negative. At the same instant the voltage across L2C2 would also tend to make the plate positive and at the same time it would apply a positive potential to the grid because the plate and grid are both tied to the same end of L2C2. Thus the voltage applied to the grid by the regenerative cir- cuit will be 180 degrees out of phase with the voltage applied to it by the anti-regen- erative circuit. This assumes that both cir- cuits are tuned to the same frequency. If, then, at the same instant, one cireuit tries to change the grid potential one volt and the other circuit makes a similar attempt, but

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B29 also s in just fre- ICl in nce is ac- al, cid ur- ibe its th at WV - nt s) se ry 1e ld it Tr weer Tee we JANUARY, 1929 in the opposite direction, it is very clear that nothing is going to happen. We can plainly see that we must give the oscillator an advantage over the anti-oscil- lator if we wish the thing to perk. This can be done by detuning the anti-oscillator cir- cuit. Those of us who have used the Hart- ley (who hasn’t?) know that the grid excit- ation would be too great if L1C1 were used alone with the filament tap connected to the center of L1 as it is. We know also that the plate turns would be too few—the r.f. output impedance would be too low. Use of the “anti” circuit would seem to correct this. We know that it can easily cancel all or any part of the grid excitation and we can make it whatever we like by proper de- tuning. Whatever reactance in proper phase to the r.f. component of the plate current is offered by the “anti” circuit when this ad- justment is made represents the equivalent of additional plate turns. Giving the circuit of Figure 2a an actual trial, we find most of our reasoning to be correct. It does oscillate. We can adjust the grid excitation by properly detuning the “anti” tank. Although the voltage across the “anti” tank is necessarily low to permit oscillation, we find that we can pick up plenty of power from it for the antenna be- cause its reactance is lowered when the antenna load is added and it can be tuned closer to resonance as the load is increased. Touch the junction of L1 and L2 with a screw driver. The grid current leaps up- ward, but the beat note heard in the moni- tor changes only slightly. This indicates that we have been lucky enough to land somewhere near the “node” of LI. There is but one thing wrong. The plate current is too high for the tube we are us- ing. We are trying to duplicate receiver conditions in a transmitter and high plate current violates condition No. 1. Since the grid excitation is just right, the high plate current must be due to low output imped- ance. Trying to get more plate turns by in- creasing the reactance of L2C2 will only result in the stoppage of oscillation. Obviously, we must compromise. The connection of L1 must be moved toward the grid end. This will place some of the an- tenna load on the control tank, but it can’t be helped. We move the clip one turn. It is too much. The circuit is not as stable as before with regard to antenna changes and we cannot get enough plate current to re- present a decent amount of input. It occurs to us that we may be able to concoct from Figure 1 a cireuit in which neither tank is an anti-oscillator. We actually accomplish this in Figure 4, which is simply a Hartley circuit with the addition of a separate output tank circuit inserted ote the stopping condenser and the elix. Giving it a trial, we discover the Ost 27 necessity of neutralization as shown by the dotted lines in order to prevent the thing from oscillating T. P. T. G. fashion. We find the output tank very difficult to adjust be- cause every part of it is wild with body-ca- pacity effect. Perhaps we could manage to put up with these irritations, but we also [4 8; (@) +6 +4] s|i} 0 (b) FIGURE 2 find that, at the higher frequencies, the an- tenna is considerably coupled to the oscilla- tor tank by reason of capacity between the pick-up coil and the “lump of metal”—the output tank in this case. Chuck Figure 4 in the waste-paper basket; it is no good at amateur frequencies. No, we won’t give up. We found Figure 2a to be practical in every way except that it was necessary to move the clip on Ll a whole turn at a time in adjusting. Figure 2b is fundamentally the same as Figure 2a and is adjusted by means of nice smoothly- running condensers. Of course, two tuning condensers would be a nuisance so we must modify the circuit as shown in Figure 5. In this figure, a regular high-capacity conden- ser is used to tune the oscillator circuit and to provide as much “C” as good efficiency will allow. Two midget condensers are used to feed the output tank circuit. The maxi- mum capacity of these midgets need be only just enough for this purpose. About 60 uufd. each will be sufficient at 7,000-kc. and higher frequencies. The lower frequency bands will require larger condensers. The capacity, of course, may be as large as de- sired as long as one is still able to do the actual tuning with the regular tuning con- denser. A trial convinces us that Figure 5 is a really practical circuit and up to 1929 stand- ards. There is but one disappointing fea-

Page 26

nd it necessary to decrease the the plate midget until the plate a respectable value. This, s some of the antenna load on tor circuit, but, nevertheless, the rh114 put ill a boon to the fellow with a 2.2.2.5 . ae + 4 —+{ — FIGURE 4 In fact, I have installed it per- tin cracker box! Figure 6 ils. Ultraudion transmitter shown 21 and 22 of the September, 1 also on page 100 and 101 ok to be admirably adapted and speedily revamped it to cracker box oscillator. The er that formerly served as ontrol in the Ultraudion was vere also the antenna windings ncoils. These coils should be vith wing nuts, but I haven’t me to do it. The two binding rmerly held the antenna leads nnections to the two midgets, ( f Figures 5 and 6, which are , niece of hard rubber covering p of the can. A single bind- added just behind the variable g the purpose of connection to t ying arrangement. rests on its back so that wl rmerly the lid is now the front ng downward. All adjustments r can easily be made through can be changed by first re- Removal of the tube is rough a hole directly over ecan. This hole also pro- A slot cut in the right gives access to the binding pe te and filament supply. A 31 the left side permits connec- tior binding post. These holes tilation scheme. The hole two midget condensers is f the box near the rear. Cor the midgets is easily made by re! and helix. lix is mounted well above ox in a horizontal position ar ingles to the oscillator helix. tank is accomplished by : OST means of a clip. is at the rear, the grounded end being placed to the front to avoid body-capacity effect. C4 of Figure 6 is mounted on the tin lugs| soldered to the top of the box. The dial or knob of C4 needs no indicator as the ad- justment is made entirely by observation of plate and grid meters and OK’d by the moni- tor. The antenna shown in Figure 6 hap- pens to be what I am using at present. Any kind of an antenna can be used with any kind of coupling to the output tank. Plate and grid current meters are mounted on the wall of the shack. These “meters” are merely indicators; this is a poor man’s set. They consist of two cheap voltmeters shunted with potentiometers to keep them from going off scale. The “canning” of the oscillator has proven quite effective. It is possible to move around the shack at will without changing the beat note in the monitor in the least. The hand may be moved all around the can without perceptible change. Actually touching the can produces a very slight, but noticeable, change of signal pitch. Bringing the hand near the “live” end of the output coil pro- duces bad swinging as might be expected. Here are some things to remember when tuning up Figure 6 for the first time: An tenna (and counterpoise, if any) should be disconnected and C4 turned to minimum capacity while the oscillator is being tuned to the desired frequency. C2 and C3 are both set at maximum capacity at the start C3 will need no knob as it is always left at maximum setting. If plate current is in evidence after the power has been turned on and before the key is closed, the power Y . ! = T Lile-— Ps , | espeonen §8ee; ‘ | | ” : 2 — i | QQ00 rt a a are = FIGURE 5 should be shut off and the filament voltage raised a bit. If, at the next trial, there is no indication of grid current after the key ‘s closed, shut down and hunt for “bugs” the thing isn’t oscillating. When the oscil- lator is once perking at the desired fre- quency, the capacity of C4 should be slowly increased until the grid current nears the minimum value. If this point is passed and the needle suddenly flops to zero, C4 should be hastily readjusted. The capacity of C2 should be reduced, bit by bit, until the plate (Continued on Page 78) JANUARY, 1929 The clip end of the coil] JANI ish K. usi the 192 eve cou pla tha me ‘Ou wa sig In noi by ent out col lat fro the ane so lib: me SOI fin: sal sig lea : det to col thi fin rec cu: Wi pa ses de ori tic wl Ot th int gre tic *W

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yen ind Pat ind ut she im ed 0 Ss d d p JANUARY, 1929 OST 29 The Total-Loss Receiver By Clair Foster* said that the “1929” receiver is all it was cracked up to be in the November issue of QST. I had the pleasure of trying the fin- ished model last summer at the home of K. B. Warner. The receiver I had been using in the East at W2QW was built from the article on page 25 of QST for December, 1927; and it was the best receiver I had ever owned. But with it last summer I could go over the 7,000-kc. band and find place after place so congested with stations that it was impossible to dig one out of the mess; while with the “1929” receiver I ‘ould hardly find a place where the QRM was so bad that I couldn’t separate the signals enough to read individual stations. In fact if a feller didn’t want to leave his noisy companions you could just grab him by the seat of his pants and pull him out. The set’s extreme selectivity was appar- ent. Really, the stations were so spread out that my suggestion would be to rig up a set of Midget condensers and their ac- companying coils in a scheme like a turret lathe. Then all you’d need to do to drop from 8,000 to 7,500 ke. would be to swing the turret to the next notch; another push and she’d go from 7,500 to 7,000 ke., and so on. So when I built mine I had to take liberties with the original design. But merely to suit my individual needs; needing something reasonably selective that would find my old DX friends always on the same spot, and that would bring in faint signals loud enough to be read with the least amount of accompanying noise. With only 3 plates in the midget con- denser I soon had a whole flock of coils; and to cover the band I was so busy changing coils that I never had time to listen to any- thing. As stated in QST, 3 plates will be fine for 1929. In fact my idea of a good receiver for 1929 is just a large open-faced cuspidor to spit in when you get disgusted. With that and a nice easy chair and a package of Camels you’re all set for a fine session of DX. I kept sticking plates back into my con denser until I finally ended with 6 of the original 7, and with three coils 8, 10, and 12 turns, that cover. all with the same tickler, the realm of the consistent DX, the whole 7,000-ke. band and on up to 9,700-kce. Other coils go up to 14,000-ke. and below the 7,000-ke. band, but in these we aren’t interested just now. Instead of using the plug-in coils sug- gested in the article, each with its own tickler, I used a separate movable tickler. IRST let it be *W6HM Carmel, California. as being more convenient to experiment with than trying to get just the right bal- ance cf coil and tickler on each individual form. Of course moving the _ tickler changed the frequency and could move stations as much as four degrees on the dial, but that didn’t matter for the time being. After considerable experimenta- tion with both tickler- and coil-turns a com- bination was finally arrived at that per- mitted the set to oscillate freely, smoothly and surely with all coils and with th tickler fixed in one position. The fixing 4 “IT SHOWS UP THE WOBBLY BIRDS—” was done by a screw through a tapped hole in a hard wood dowel set firmly in the base- board. Then all coils were calibrated with one of those nice 200-dollar General Radio precision meters. So now when a feller asks for his QRH I can give it to him from the receiver very close to right. The coils are wound on some of Ralph Heintz’ favorite forms that I dug out of an old receiver. They are made of some dense, thin fibre, perfectly rigid, can’t be distorted, and have two stiff pins that go down into phone-tip jacks fixed in a piece of bakelite elevated an inch from the baseboard. They have little notches sawed in them to take the turns of No. 18 enamelled wire with uniform spacing. If I had another of these receivers to build I’d never use a metal panel. Too much trouble to get things insulated right when you are away off from civilization and can’t get the right material for bush- ings. I’d use a bakelite panel, and then, if any hand-capacity effects appeared, dis- mount the stuff from panel and slip inside a sheet of aluminum or copper. For the phone jacks and the shafts of the Frost variable resistances large holes

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OST lrilled and bushed with fibre and fibre washers used both sides of the lhe tuning condenser is set 5 inches m the panel on a piece of bakelite a small aluminum t bolted to the back of the panel; its ngthened and with the two sections a piece of fibre tubing into which tightly so that the whole is the panel a large hole was drilled WHOLE RANGE—" learance, over which on the in- of bakelite was bolted. s drilled exactly the diameter of this condenser shaft, with a suit me better than any others. pointer-knob is good enough ne control because you seldom for the 50,000-ohm Frost, control, the ordinary knob is and has too little projection. k is under constant’ manipula- find a knob that ' one from an old ial, put it in a lathe and scooped to clear the lock-nut of the 1) its fine, sharp milling it sure unk of stuff to keep a firm but If I had it to do over ake the panel enough longer to +. R. dial for this purpose; w motion dial it is easier to edge of oscillation for faint in which I’m most in- ng this receiver it is well to bear she is a ticklish bird to get and that you will need a flock of ixed condensers; and that it ate all fixed condensers so that e receiver in general, and the tickler are adjusted correctly we have found control need hardly be touched The use of but one Foster’s receiver, ponsible.—Editor. 7, August QST.—Editor. JANUARY, 1929 they may be readily changed. In my set every condenser is so located that its con- tact screws may be easily reached with a screw driver. This requires more room than occupied by the receiver shown in the QST article but, to my way of thinking, a receiver works more surely and stably when the parts are not congested. The baseboard of mine is 14 inches long and 12 inches deep. In the accompanying photo the detector is the tube just back of the feedback control. The screen-grid tube just back of the de- tector is the antenna coupler. An interesting circumstance arose at the completion of this receiver. Loud d.c. signals, or what I in my ignorance took to be d.c., appeared all over the dial with all coils, strong enough to blot out reasonably loud high frequency signals. It sounded as if some station were so close that the re- ceiver was getting its “blanket.” After several days of puzzlement it turned out that the QRM was from the leng wave arcs of NPG and NPL, on 3,000 ke. (10,000 meters) or some such low frequency. Some- thing in the receiver was tuned to the wave of these are stations. The filter Ford-coil secondary, was the first thing suspected. Then the secondary of the audio trans- former; then the primary. Tests proved that none of these was the culprit. Ob- viously there must be something in the set with cacacity across it that was tuning it nicely to these arcs, Finally I happened to think of the little r.f. choke. Looking around, two fixed condensers in series were found that might tune it. The choke was shorted out and the arcs disappeared forth- with. This set didn’t seem to need the choke, so it was left out. Now, as to volume, my set has altogether too much when using the second audio stage, though some of the fellows who have been here seem to like it. An old UV-712 transformer was first used. This I think has a ratio of about 9-to-1. Then a General Radio 6-to-1 was tried. Still too much am- plification to suit my particular ears. Then a Thorardson 2-to-1. Still too much. With the first audio the 2-to-1 wasn’t so good as the same stage with the UV-712, so that transformer went back into the set. An extra phone jack was put in. and this first stage is all I ever use. With it I can get foA5O night after nicht R7 at the time when South African signals come in best. And this is on our West Coast, remember. There is one thing this receiver surely does. It shows up the wobbly birds and the creepers; and a feller with a wide signal sure gets all the space the law allows. In this class is the majority of the commercial stations which by the grace of a com- plaisant Radio Commission gracelessly parked themselves right in the amateur band without waiting until Jan. 1, 1929,* (Continued en Page #0)

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929 JANUARY, 1929 Experimenters’ N response to our request for additional men to enroll in Special Problem No. 66 covering the aluminum-lead electrolytic rectifier we received so many offers that we were unable to take advantage of them all. We are extremely sorry that it was necessary to turn so many down but the number of electrodes that were available limited the number of men who could be enrolled. There have been approximately fifteen hundred aluminum electrodes distributed among twenty-three experimenters who are located in practically all parts of the coun- try. They are as follows: W1CCD, W1MR, W2ATQ, W2BAI, W2BCW, W3CAB, W3KA, W4ABN W4JL, W6CVM, W7AKK, WS8ADB, W8CPQ, W8CSW, W8ZF, W9CKI, W9CRD, W9CV, W9EHD and W9FUG. The other three experimenters whose calls are not included are located in the second, eighth and ninth districts. The voltages to be rectified vary between 110 and 3,000 and the number of cells in the various rectifiers between 12 and 110. Both the center tap and bridge methods are being employed. It will, of course, be several months be- fore there is anything like a complete re- port available on this work. During this time, these experimenters will operate their rectifiers in conjunction with their regular amateur transmission and will supply Head- quarters with a complete report on the rectifier’s operation each month. The final report representing the findings of all the experiments will appear in QST, The 7,000-kc. Zepp. for 3,500-kc. Operation, By James J. Lamb* T must by this time have become clearly apparent to every amateur that the pres- ent frequency assignments absolutely re- quire a distribution of our communication between the bands according to the distance to be covered and the time of day at which the contact is to be made. In view of the congestion on the 7000-ke. band in particu- lar, it is not only ridiculous but extremely inconsiderate to make use of this DX band in the crowded evening hours for purely domestic or local communication which has its proper place in the 3,500- and 1,750-kc. bands. We have a band suitable for every distance at the proper time of day, and we must so use these bands. The transmitter may readily be tuned Section Report OST $1 to any band, or at least should be of the true 1929 type which is designed for opera- tion on all of the assigned bands and there can be no valid objection to shifting from one band to another because the transmit- ter won’t work on that band. The antenna system seems to present the apparent stumbling block, but, happily, this stumbling block is more apparent than real. Most amateurs are limited in back yard space and accordingly in the length of an- tenna which may be erected. An informal survey of the situation shows that the great majority of amateurs must limit themselves to a 7000-kc. fundamental antenna system CURRENT DIS- ZEPPELIN AN- VOLTAGE 7,000-KC. TENNA WHEN IT IS EXCITED AT 8,500 KC. FIGURE 1. AND TRIBUTION ON A The radiator and feeder system have been “straightened out” in the interest of clarity. At the point where the antenna inductance is located, the current value is approximately 70% of ite maximum and so is the voltage. of the Zeppelin type, as most back yards permit a maximum antenna length of around 60 to 70 feet.’ The problem is, then, to make the most of what we can have and see if this type of antenna cannot be worked on the 3,500-ke. band even though it may not be done with all the efficiency we desire. The first consideration is to forget that the antenna is a Zepp. and consider it as an ordinary Hertz rig with part of it doubled back on itself. The feeders are no longer such, but are a more or less radiating por- tion of the antenna itself. With an “an- tenna” length of 65.5 feet (half wave for 42 meters), the feeders will usually be between 30 and 40 feet long. The total length of the whole system is therefore be- tween 125 and 145 feet. This looks sus- piciously like the length of a half-wave 3,500-ke. antenna—and it is. Why not try to excite it at 3500 ke. and see what happens? No sooner said than done—it works. Figure 1 shows a typical case, il- lustrating what happens to the voltage dis- tribution in the erstwhile feeder and an- tenna portions of the system. The “an- tenna” now operates as a quarter-wave af- fair in more or less free space, while the feeders furnish the other necessary quarter *WI1SZ-WICEI, A.R.R.L. Technical Information Service and Experimenters’ Section. 1. The Zepp, QST, September, 1928. What Length Antenna? QST, October, 19238.

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some radiating since the volt- rent distribution in them is not ietrical nature required to give tion. It :nay appear that the yr is pretty much of a makeshift be surprised if the results nt as good as those obtain- “regular” 3,500-kc. antenna Perhaps not so good, but still v r that local traffic, and with no it the ham who has stayed up \X to work a little DX with the \ lers and points west (or east, I n the viewpoint). solutions of the problem will re rgest themselves to the men using ur dimensions and types varying ‘ here cited. There are several Dp urne in mind in studying out +h of tuning the system and by git r attention to these points the mls aa | er lodedeoe (rr | 8 FIGURE 2 in be pretty well forecast. F tenna coupling coil must be ( nt not too far from a cur- erwise it will be impossible ry transfer of energy to the ar h a point may be found any- wl one-quarter and one-half wa e of the extreme ends of the a the feeder system appears to place the antenna induct- al iarter wave from one end (su ler 15 feet long with an an- tel f around 65 feet), substitute a § t wire hung up in the back yal erpoise, and go ahead in the x ned way. The second point the feeders plus the is t rth of “al [f this length figures up to less har wave for the frequency on whi n is desired, the “dead ended” fee ay be loaded by connecting an ind eries with it, or as an al- ter? piece of wire of the proper leng r the total antenna length up to tl half wave may be strung out in tl 1 and connected in place of the ed feeder wire. In either case, isually be most efficacious to locat ntenna tuning condenser in seri “feeder” which connects to the er ‘antenna,” since it is desir- OsT able to keep the current possible to the inductance, loop as close as FULL-WAVE SELF-RECTIFICATION How many of us have played around with a full-wave self-rectified transmitter and tried all the adjustment we could think of in order to get a decent note only to finally quit in disgust. We have usually ended up by blaming it on either an unbalanced plate transformer which supplied a higher volt- age to one tube than to the other, or else, the blame was put on the tubes as being of sufficiently different characteristics to cause the trouble. To those who have had such trouble, the fullowing from W9EGE of So. College St., Angola, Ind., should be of interest. “TI wish to submit to readers of QST some dope on improving the full-wave self-recti- fied transmitting circuit as used in either oscillator or amplifier. Although it is evi- dent that this type of circuit in not emi- nently suitable for 1929, it will probably still be used in crystal controlled circuits. “T have never seen this scheme in QST although it may be known to many. W9DZX and myself are operating our portable sta- tion, W9GCO, at Angola, Indiana. The transmitter employs full-wave self-rectifi- cation and it was found that a better not was to be had using one tube than when using two. After a time, we made it pos- sible to monitor the emitted note, and found there were two waves when both tubes were employed. In this circuit, things like that usually happen when the tubes or wiring are out of balance. “Place a midget variable condenser across each of the plate blocking condensers. Set these condensers at minimum and then ro- tate one towards maximum. If this should make the note worse, reset to minimum and try the same on the other condenser. This should improve the note. Set the conden- ser at the point giving the best results and try for a better balance by adjusting both condensers. “This balances any difference in the tube capacities and, to some extent, in the wir ing. It eliminated a large percentage of our a.c. reports and we hope it may do the same on other full-wave self-rectified trans- mitters.” James W. Shaw, W9EGE FILAMENT HEATING AND THE CENTER TAP We are all familiar with the Xmas tree lamp method of getting a center tap for the makeshift filament lighting transformer. Likewise, we have all very probably as- sumed that the center-tapped transformer was the best that could be obtained and was the cheapest in the end. However, Abe Benesovitz, W9ADS, of 415 McKinley JANUARY, 1929 JA! Str pat fila pov in ove ee BO bed =. Oe oo oD

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929 ‘ith ind of ly by ate I t- ng to ad 5 Oi be JANUARY, 1929 Street, N. Hibbing, Minn., makes the com- parison given below. “In Figure 2a, we have the conventional filament heating arrangement for a medium power transmitter. The arrangement given in Figure 2b has the following advantages over it: 1. It is cheaper. 2. It gives a more accurate center tap. 3. It allows variation of the tapping point to put tone modulation on a “pure d.c.” note. 4. It allows of a greater voltage range, permitting the use of foreign tubes such as Nuevron. 5. The filament voltage is adjustable without a primary rheostat. “A comparison of the cost of each system shows the difference to be considerable. A 12-volt, 175 v.a. filament heating trans- former with center tap will cost about $15.00 and a suitable primary rheostat to regulate the secondary voltage will be about $3.00 more, bringing the total to about $18.00. “On the other hand, one can obtain a 150-watt’ toy electric train transformer ad- justable for output voltages of from 5 to 20 for $7.50. A 100-ohm potentiometer will cost $1.50 which makes the total cost of the equipment $9.00. From this we see that the method shown in Figure 2b is only about half as expensive for the chap who is running a medium or low power transmitter as is the other arrangement. “These toy transformers are sufficiently well insulated to withstand a voltage of 2,000 between primary and secondary.” DISTRIBUTED COUPLING “The design outlined below operates for no good technical reason but—it works. Like ~ » EEE ia HE e FIGURE 3 so many efficient amateur designs, it is the result of a wild idea and an idle afternoon. 2. Very probably the rating on the transformer holds only for the highest voltage and it will not be possible to get 150 v.a. at all taps. The maximum current output at any voltage wil] be approximately 7.6 amperes which make the unit suitable of handling up te a pair of 852’s, 203-A’s or even 204-A's. —Technical Editor. OST 38 It is now in use in a number of middle western stations and performs very con- sistently. “Why change an antenna unless some- thing is to be gained?—a natural assump- tion! So—before going into the design of this job we will enumerate its advantages. 1. It will operate efficiently to within three or four meters on either side of the wave to which it is cut. 2. It is simple and inexpensive to build. t 3. The radiating wire can be cut to the desired wave without any allowance for loading due to feeder wire, etc., and there is no critical point to be searched for. 4. The feeder can be any old length with- out loss of efficiency. “This seems to be a lot of preamble for so simple a device. The antenna consists of a radiator cut to the desired length. An- other wire one quarter the length of the radiator is run parellel to one end of the radiator and the lead is brought down from the outside end of the feeder wire. The drawing, Figure 3, will tell more than the description. The feeder wire is connected to the grid end of the oscillator inductance through a variable condenser, the setting of which is not at all critical.” —C. J. Paddon, c/o Electrical Research Prod. Inc., 250 West 57th Street, New York City, N. Y. — ° ford Prima ry FIGURE 4 KEYING David B. Terriere, W2BMG, of Hemp- stead, N. Y., suggests the keyin: filter shown in Figure 4. The key is located in the negative high voltage lead and a 0.5 ufd. condenser in series with the primary winding of a Ford spark coil (model T variety). The result, he claims, is not enough sparking to singe a flea’s whiskers. TUNING ARRANGEMENT Charles A. Rudloff, W2ARQ, of Brook- lyn, N. Y. C., suggests a simple arrange- ment for spreading out the tuning range that can be applied to most tuners. He shunts the regular large tuning condenser with a 5-plate, 15-uufd. midget condenser as shown in Figure 5. C1 is the regular tuning condenser and C is the midget. The (Continued on Page 78)

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Using Brass Tube Bases for Plug-In Coils By Morris F. Marx, Jr.* NY folks have a number of the | type brass tube bases around would like to use them as untings for tube base coils. I wa position and solved the problem by the old base as a mount to which f the coil wound on a larger piece of t r. Each coil requires a brass tube I

ba e of three-inch diameter Celeron tubs wide, (fiber, cardboard or bake- lite e substituted), a piece of heavy bra .-inch wide, 3 inches long, one 6-32 nut bolt, %-inch long. Tl bases are first removed from the They may be either boiled or bro I prefer boiling in water because hol r a flame to loosen the base will tarn brass. Either way will do the tric] led in water, it will be neces- sary t the base until the lead wires brea e they may be loosened with a solder ron. Scrape the paste out of the insit f the base and dry the base over a sl The last operation on this pies get the soldering iron good and hot h it to the tips of the prongs and fi solder from the holes leaving then r the wire of the coils to pass hre N e brass piece. I used heavy bra from an old home-made spark helix uld be about 1/32-inch thick or \luminum or some other springy met: e substituted. 1/16-inch recti- fier im should fill the bill nicely. Litt] need be said about this piece as F ws the desired shape. The straig , that which is bolted to the Cele hould be left just long enough toa te the width of the tube. (1% will |” wide tubing very well.) Bend e so that it springs tightly into the tu [t can be made to hold rigidly withou ing but if necessary, a little solder e added. rt ron tube is fastened to the brass striy 6-32 nut and bolt. This hole will 1 iys be in the center because in the lar ls, the secondary winding may take the coil form while the tickler with | wire will need only 3/16” or a. - ipt should be made to get the bolt tion (determined by the num- ber « f the two windings) which will etween the two windings. Figur the idea in mind. The head of th gives just the desired space betwee lings. The brass piece is fas- tened 1 nside of the coil form and not to the e where the wire is. “ws tterson Park Avenue, Baltimore, Md.

Any reasonable sized wire may be used for the coils. Use your own pet combina- tion. No. 18 d.c.c. for the secondary and No. 22 enamel covered for the tickler was used here because of no other reason than that these sizes were at hand. For the higher frequencies requiring only three or four turns, bare wire, space wound might Le used to advantage for the secondary coil. In _ all cases, the wire for the tickler coil can be rather small and No. 24 is amply large enough. It is not necessary to employ a spaced winding for the tickler. After winding the coils with about the correct number of turns, bring the leads out through the prongs as shown in Figure $ 1, leaving them extra long. (Be sure to have : them skinned for a suffi- . ; cient length.) Then, wrap ” © the protruding ends tempo- H rarily around the prongs rr but don’t solder them as 2. yet. The coil is then put in the receiver; use an ordinary tube socket not i! of the cushion type. The chances are that the cir- cuit will not oscillate, so, untwist the leads and take the base off the coil. Re- verse either the secondary THE MOUNTED leads or the tickler leads oy, GOUU but not both. Of course, B.. a oe it may be that you will guess correctly the first

-—— ee ~ ——. = <= a FIGURE 1 the coil form to he to pe is time but in spite of the ocate etween Sire or * the two windings. law of averages, this rare The metal piece is ly ever happens. Reas- so bent that it semble the coil and try hooks into the seain and if the tickler ridge at the top — 7 “ : of the base and coil is of sufficient size, mee be soldered the circuit will oscillate. in place if this is . . ) deemed necessary, 1% number of turns on the secondary may then be juggled until the proper number for the particular range to be covered is obtained. After the proper number of secondary turns has been found, the tickler coil can be adjusted for the small- est number of turns that will allow oscilla- tion over the entire range of the tuning con- denser. (Continued on Page 76) JANUARY, 1929

ah a Ch ee

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ed la- nd as an 1 JANUARY, 1929 Ost The Series Gap Condenser By Roy A. Jenkins FTER reading the Measurement Problem” in the Oc- tober issue of QST, I thought I would provide myself with a series- gap condenser. However, when I looked over my supply, I found they were all of the spacing washer type (yes, 5 & 10 variety) and I couldn’t figure out a way to insulate the stator plates without rebuilding the whole unit. The accompanying drawings show how the job was finally completed. Figure 1A shows the brass end plates; the rotor being insulated from the stator by means of a hard rubber bushing. The end plates were cut as shown by the dotted lines there being sufficient material left to allow it to fit solidly on the new bakelite end plates to be provided. ‘ober ty — le 9 oar eon se a ° "es i Z °o A ~~” \ : 8 | o 8 d “ a | @ @ e FIGURE 1 The two bakelite end plates are of gener- ous proportions and the old brass end plates are mounted as shown in Figure 1B. A 44-inch clearance hole is drilled to pass the shaft and is plenty large enough to pre- vent trouble due to binding. The original holes in the brass plates for mounting are used to secure them to the bakelite. Be sure that the holes in both plates coincide or the job will be a fizzle. There are eleven holes in each plate and if both are drilled at the same time it will save much trouble. All but two of the stator plates were re- moved and these are separated by three or four washers. It may be necessary to add some washers to take the place of the plates that were removed and allow the lock nut to tighten up properly. Figure 1C shows how the stator plates were spaced from the bakelite ends. These spacers may be obtained from the Ford coils you took the filter condensers out of (the ones that blew up). Dry cell terminal caps are also of uniform thickness and may be used. W6CBY, 1449 Warren Avenee, Long Beach, Calif. “Frequency assembly is shown in Figure 1D. The long bolts (8-32) are run through the four corner holes. If a nut is put on each side of the plate, no The complete condenser spacing washers will be required. It is a good idea to run the bolts toward the front as shown so as to provide mounting screws if the unit is to be mounted to a larger panel. Tighten the nuts up and be sure the distance between the four corners is the same. This insures correct alignment. That’s all there is to it for the work. I rebuilt mine in an evening and I’m not go- ing to worry about touching condenser plates in my frequency meter any more. —HeStray ss While W3NG was waiting for a train in the St. Louis terminal, he thought he’d get a copy of QST. He asked the S.Y.T. behind the news counter for one and after review- ing her wares she replied, “I’m sorry we haven’t the Key West Tea but we have nearly all the New York society papers if they will do. _ If it is desired to retain the plug-in coil feature for a low powered transmitter when High-C tanks are used it should be possible to obtain sufficient contact area by using two “G. R. Pins” instead of one for each connection between the coil and the conden- ser. It has been suggested that the ends of the tubing of the inductance be flattened for about an inch, two pins being inserted at each end. Two sockets, of course, replace each socket previously used.—_W8AXA. The trickle charger makes a splendid tube “nepper-up”, says Herbert Hunt. The dud tube is first “flashed” across the secondary of the charger transformer for one minute and is then aged across the output of the rectifier for ten minutes. On the cover of the September QST, much to the consternation of radio hounds the world over, we printed a portrait of the one and only original radio hound—the hound whose pre-eminence in amatuer radio cir- cles is unrivalled, unquestioned, unmistak- able, unremitting and unprecedented. Though we have it on good authority that the animule is of pedigreed parentage we have to admit that its breed is as yet in doubt. Our search through “The Elementary Mathematics of Blooded Canines” and “Radio Hounds in Theory and Practice” failed to reveal any mention of the particu- lar pink, orange and black breed which is characterized by slots up its legs and around its hips.

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OST Antenna Systems—A Rehash By Harold P. Westman, Technical Editor ite of all that has been written erning antenna systems, we con- hear many remarks to the ef- that certain types of antenna sys- tems cannot be made to operate. Upon in- vestig n, it is usually found that the trouble lies entirely in the method employed to de r the radio frequency energy to the rs ting portion of the system. Perhaps the simplest method of attack woul e to start with the ordinary an- tenna | counterpoise systems which gave so lit trouble from this point and which were versally employed by amateurs a few years ago. These antenna systems were ariably operated around their fun- damen frequencies hecause the average back-vyard was too small to allow the erec- tion of an antenna lareve enouch to be opera ta harmonic. Due to these same space rT irements. the antenna and coun- ternoise were usually of ahout equal leneth and the nter of the svstem was draeved int neratine room. The commonest met} f coupline two radio circuits is by ins ne a coil of wire in each and brincine the two coils into magnetic rela- tion | h other. Thus ceneral conditions tend neourage an amateur to nick the proner inline arrangement for this type of an? — evstem. Witt e advent of hicher frequency trans? n. the next logical thine to do was t rate the old antenna at its sec- ond ha nie or with a full wave nnon it. This nr hiv ecansed the first tronhle ex- perien with antenna feed methods and Many s tenures tuned their tranemitters to al t donhle the frennenev nrevions!lv naed an ried to feed enerey into the fnll wave antenna in the fashion to which thev had heer senatamed, Thev soon learned to their enrrow that it was imnossihle to current feed a full-wave antenna by insert- ine a line coil at the center of the system and this is probably the main rea- son for all the talk we now hear ahout the impossi! of operating an antenna at its second harmonic. At the present time many nnas are being operated with a numhs f full waves upon them. When these antennas were lengthened (or th yuency of the driver raised) so that or tion was had on the third har- monic or with three half waves on the sys- tem, it once more be current fed by means of a coil Inserted at the center and from this was deduced that antennas could only he operated at odd harmonic fre- quencies When the frequencies of operation be- came so high that what used to be the lead-in of the antenna could be used as a fundamental radiator, many of us began to worry about the absorption losses due to the fact that the greatest part of the radiator was located close to the station and its height above ground was small. The linear radiator or Hertzian antenna then came into its own and, whereas, we used to talk merely of coupling to an an- tenna, we now began to worry about two distinct types of coupling that had to be treated in different ways to be effective. SINGLE WIRE FEED LINES With the advent of the Hertzian antenna, came the use of feed lines connecting the radiator with the driver. The single wire feed line became popular with amateurs FIGURE 1. THE VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION ALONG A HALF-WAVE LINEAR RADIATOR For clarity, the current distribution is not shown but will be 90 degrees out of phase with the voltage. There will, therefure, be a current loop at the center of the system and current nodes at the ends of the wire. and their neighbors. The next door broad- cast listeners had many reasons for dis- liking these systems because they usually resulted in bad interference to him. He, in turn, interfered materially with the amount of operating that the amateur could do and no one was happy. To be- gin with, the radio frequency currents didn’t always have the same viewpoint as regards what portion of the system was the radiator and what portion constituted the feeder as did the amateur. The sys- tem commonly acted as a grounded an- tenna operating on a harmonic of its fundamental. The distributed capacity be- tween the secondary and primary of the filament heating transformer acted as a series condenser (not such a good one, either) to ground and the radio frequency currents in their search for a suitable ground at the other end of the 110-volt system, had a habit of wandering around the block and visiting the neighbors. In the second place the “feed line” radiated, leaving absorption losses as high JANUARY, 1929 nan x ee ier owe me on ot 4S 4 St oF ec

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29 the ia lue he on HI. na ve n- vO be a, le JANUARY, 1929 as before. There was, therefore, no no- ticeable gain, and, in fact, many operators were unable to get near enough to suitable conditions to obtain even fair performance. The point at which the end of the feed line was attached to the radiator received much attention and many operators quoted values that were, to them, just as sacred as was the (I think it was 59.2°) angle at which the inductances must be placed in order to build a workable neutrodyne receiver. When we talk about current feed to an antenna, we mean that we are making the transfer of energy from one circuit to the other at comparatively high cur- rent values and low voltage. For this type of coupling, coils are inserted in both cir- cuits and the large currents flowing through one coil sets up a strong magnetic field about it which link with the turns of the other coil. Current feed may, therefore, be considered as magnetic coup- ling. In the case of voltage feed, the trans- fer takes place at high voltage and low current and may be made directly or by means of a capacitance. In this case the coupling is by means of an electric field. If it is our desire to employ magnetic coupling (current feed) it would be foolish to place the coupling coils at such points in the circuits where there is little cur- rent flowing. These coils should be inserted at the points of maximum current which, in the case of a half-wave radiator, will be the center of the wire. Those points of maximum current or potential are usually called current or voltage loops whereas points of zero current or voltage are re- ferred to as current or voltage nodes. In these systems that have distributed capacit- ance and inductance, the voltage and cur- rent are 90 degrees out of phase and the point at which a current node appears will also be a voltage loop. Likewise, a voltage node and current loop are found at the same point. At resonance, whether at the fundamental of the radiator or at a harmonic, the ends of the wire are always at high potential (voltage loop) and zero current (current node). The center of the system may or may not be a point of zero current or zero voltage de- pending entirely upon its electrical length which determines the number of quarter waves that are impressed upon the sys- tem. The term “electrical length” is em- ployed to indicate that the system is not entirely dependent upon its linear length but may be modified by the insertion of lumped inductance and capacitance. Now, with the single wire, we are using voltage feed and the most desirable coup- ling point would be at the end of the radia- tor because this is a point at which there is a voltage loop. However, when the OgsT 37 coupling between the feed line and the radiator is so tight, the resonance period of one system affects the other and, as stated above, in many cases the two por- tions resolve themselves into a single unit. It is, for this reason, desirable to loosen the coupling between these two circuits and this may be done by attaching the feed line to a point nearer the center of the radiator. As the coupling between the cir- cuits is reduced, the amount of energy transferred from one to the other is re- FIGURE 8 At a, we have the Zeppelin antenna as it ie com- monly constructed, the voltage distribution being shown. B ia the feeders alone and these are laid out straight in ec. They ate coupled to the driver, through a coil at the center of the system and the energy is transferred at high current values. At d is shown the entire Zeppelin antenna laid out straight. It can be resolved into a full-wave antenna cou by a@ current feed arrangement at one quarter of a wave from one end. The coupling coil ie located at a voltage node which ia also a current loop. duced but this should be no more damag- ing than is the case where the antenna coupling is reduced in an antenna-counter- poise, current feed system. Loosening the coupling allows a single peaked resonance curve to be obtained and this will help materially in obtaining a steady wave and good note. Adjustment for input to the antenna system as a whole is made at the transmitter by changing the position of the feed line where it is clipped on to the tank inductance. The farther the clip is from the filament tap (ground potential), the closer the coup- ling between the antenna system and the

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driv e more energy that is trans- fer? , too, the coupling may be the feeder will affect which the oscillator is n t and tine at have the impression that t} ndenser commonly inserted in t} near the tank circuit end is ing device. It probably he ly when the feeder, radia through the filament light- all combining to form t} in a system that is operat- noe yr ore ; «ile ing t is unnecessary unless the f« ns to be of such length as ) esonate at the transmis sion In this ease, it is prefer | 1? inductance to detune he will operate against the tral harmonic frequencies be Al ? of an inductance in ! nev while the reactance: reases with frequency a i rT} herefore, will offer a tance to frequencie ansmission frequency thar ndenser which offers harmonies than it doe If the feed line i In 1 will be standine waves ll result in radiation itin portion of standing wave upon voltawre eradiant not constant but varies. wave radiator, fro nm through zero at th m of the opposit end This is shown n | hould be quite familia ‘tor ia located it ee i. enki’ : running OST JANUARY, 1929 ZEPPELIN ANTENNA The Zeppelin antenna is logically the next step in voltage feed systems. It al lows maximum coupling to be obtained be tween the radiator and the feed line and by means of a second wire paralleling the feed wire, practically all radiation from this portion of the is eliminated. In order that good transfer of energy be 1 System 15S had from the feeder to the radiator, it is essential that there be a voltage loop at the point where the two connect. There ‘ \ } \ / x A» 4 / \ ° 7 \ \ j \ \ ' i IGURE $3. A IREE HALFP-WAVE AS VNA IND THE Vol iGE DIS ] ( 7 IS SH¢e 7, ‘ 4 1 cou y ted at ! ed is ¢ ! The sy t | d then the quarter u . aa f u 4 f f ; 7 } r i current feed t u fore, the electrical lengt} f the feed s tem must such that there will be ; voltage loop at the ends of the system. In Figure 2a,’ we have a Zeppelin ar tenna i }

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length is proper for a voltage loop to be had at the ends of the wires. If, as in Figure 2b, the radiator is dis- connected, we have a folded or bent half wave antenna which is current fed from the driver. Its radiating characteristics will be negligible because the two wires will be at equal and opposite voltages at any point along the line. The fact that it is a half wave, current fed antenna will be more apparent in Figure 2¢ in which the system is laid out flat with the two wires running away from each other. We may, therefore, consider the Zeppelin an tenna as being a full-wave antenna being current fed one quarter-wave from one end and one half of the system being com posed of a bent antenna system having very poor radiating characteristics This hown in Fig. 2d he } isted As in any current feed vsten leneth of the feed wires may be a to any value that will give a current loop at the point of coupling to the driver. In I 1 practice, this means that the feed system must, if laid out straight, be an odd num of half waves long or, if one conside) the length of the pair of wires, it must be an odd number of quarter waves long. These lengths will cause a voltage loo} it the open end of the system and a cur rent loop at the center of the system ANTENNA SIZE What has probably been the largest stumbling block in the erection of a sat factory Hertzian antenna has been the natter of just how long the radiator id be for a given frequency of trans mission Fortunately, quite a number of people have been interested in this and a comparison of the factors obtained by sev eral workers appeared on page 49 of the October, 1928 issue of QST. From this, we obtain L, < 1.56 where L Length of the radiator in feet Fundamental wavelength Fron this, one can predetermine the length of the radiator and, as the electri al length of the feed system is under the operator’ immediate control, the prol lem f choosing suitable length systems should no longer be the bugbear it has been CURRENT FEED If, in the Zeppelin antenna, we can cu rent feed to the station end of the feed system and voltage feed from the feeders to the radiator, there is no reason why ve can’t current feed at both ends of the line. This will require a current loop at each end of the feed line and the line must

JANUARY, 1929 OST 39 have upon it an even number of half waves. Because a current loop is required at the far end of the line, this system cannot be so easily divorced from the radiator as in the case of the Zeppelin. One cannot have a current loop at the end of a wire with- out having some place for the current to flow into. We can, therefore, get a bet- ter view of this system by considering it as a three half-wave antenna or an an- tenna being operated on its third harmonic, which is the same thing. Such an an- tenna is shown in Figure 3a. If as in 3b, we fold the antenna up and run both wires paralle! for their entire length, we do not change the voltage distribution along the system but have, primarily, destroyed its ability to radiate. Next if ¢he last uarter wave of each wire is run at right angles to the rest, we have Figure 3c which is the current feed antenna used Vv many amateurs. SUMMARY The large majority of amateurs has given up the use of single wire feed sys- tems and are employing the two-wire sys- tems because of the greater simplicity with which they can be adjusted for sat- sfactory operation. In the design of sys- tems consisting of radiators fed by two- wire lines, there are several important points that must be considered and they are briefly reviewed below: 1. Voltage feed means the transfer of nergy from one circuit to another at high Itage and low current. 2. Current feed means the transfer of energy from one circuit to another at high current and low voltage. 3. The coupling for voltage feed must ‘ur at a point in the circuit that is at a voltage loop. !. The coupling for current feed must occur at a point in the circuit that is at a current loop. 5. Our two-wire feed systems are cur- rent fed at the station end and they may be coupled either by current or voltage to the radiator. 6. In order to voltage feed the radia- tor, the two-wire line must be an odd number of quarter waves long. 7. In order to current feed the radia- tor, the two-wire line must be an even num- ber of quarter waves long. 8. It is not necessary that the feed line be cut exactly to a given length be- cause it can be loaded and adjusted at the station end. 9. The length of the radiator in feet may be found by multiplying the desired fundamental wavelength in meters by the factor 1.56. 10. The radiator will have a _ voltage loop at each end and must, therefore, be an even number of quarter waves long.

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JANUARY, 1929 Before the Guy-Wire Breaks By B. D. Virmani* RE are many troubles that may encountered in putting up a mast support the antenna. For in- ince, on several occasions the hal- yal me entangled with the guy wires

and i only be separated by laying the whol down on the ground again. In one ifter the halyard and guys were sepa and the erecting proceedings start e more, the halyard slipped out of t e in the pulley as soon as the mast ed a high angle above the ground. The rd being caught very firmly be- twee pulley wheel and the pulley frame, ther no other alternative than to take the n wn once more and after putting the | 1 back into the groove, do the hoist over again. Tl a great nuisance if one has to ere pull down a mast two or three tim der to get the job done satis- fact ine is sure to become short of both r and breath and begin to feel that s ng is lacking which if supplied would me these difficulties. “Ne- cessi he mother of invention,” and an urg. sity was felt to remove this nuisa After thinking the matter over for a , a bright thought struck. If the 1 n be raised without the hal- yard can be passed over the pulley after ist is in place and tightened up, it wil the problem. In h the above reasoning, a second pulley ‘fastened about four feet from the | the mast and a piece of 7-22 coppt was passed through this and run uj r the upper pulley, the two ends being 1 permanently together. This was : while the mast was on the grroul the wire formed an endless “belt n the two pulleys. Aft mast had been erected and fixed firml; ‘e, one end of the halyard was t the antenna insulator, to the other « which the antenna was at- tached ther end of the halyard was twist nd the endless wire and the halya raised by pulling down the other * the endless wire. The hal- yard, passing over the groove of the pulley, rought down to the base of the mast. |] important to tie the aerial wire aerial insulator and halyard. This pu veight on the halyard and helps to kee; ther end of the halyard at an angle, s at it does not slip out of the groove of aaa *ai-2KJ, e Bharat Insurance Company, Ltd., Dera Ismail Khan, India.

A number of aerials was erected in this manner and the aerial wires were always pulled to the extreme limit so that they could not swing in the wind. One night when I was working a fellow ham on an- other continent, a heavy windstorm came up. Clang! went one of my guy wires at the top of the mast, as the guy- wire insulator broke. The mast bent in homage to the mighty power of the wind and the antenna trembled and sent a high _< — | , | | | VAT / Se | \ / | | \. Hil } L_| bey! ce ¢ i ! ' ] | Pee 2) ay y | | wt Mah sada Ss ILLUSTRATION OF PULLEYS, MAST, ET CETERA frequency sine wave salute to the storm. That nice international QSO was inter- rupted. Yes, the whole installation was shaken from its very foundation and every tube, condenser and inductance asked, “How long will this storm continue?” All was at peace after about eight hours. It was then morning and you could see the sun smiling in the horizon. This smile brought another problem of how to put a new guy at the top of the mast without lowering the mast. Much brain traffic was handled. Many books and journals were consulted including our great amateur Bible, QST. Many devices and tricks were tried, one of which was described in some back issue of QST under the heading, “When the Guy-Wire Breaks.” But everything seemed to fail. Then a fresh gust of wind whispered, “Look sharp, take down the mast or it breaks,” to which an immediate re- sponse was given. While taking down the mast, I pondered (Continued on Page 70)

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JANUARY, 1929 OST A Unique Method of Control by Means of Sound Waves By Allen B. DuMont* means and that the “how to do it” will come in good time. The device in question may be employed to open or close an electrical circuit by means of sound waves of a given frequency. Likewise it can be arranged to close one circuit at the same time opening another circuit. The sound of the sound waves which ac- tuates the relay are, in this particular case, supplied by clapping the hands together cup-shape so as to produce a strong, low frequency vibration. Originally the need for the device was felt because of the nui- sance of getting up to turn off the broadcast receiver when bedtime stories or the like started up but after working with the unit for some time it has been found that it may be advantageously employed in many other ways. For instance, if comparative meas- urements are being taken of two pieces of apparatus, an almost instantaneous change- over from one to the other can be accom- plished without wires from any point with- in a radius of fifty feet by simply clapping your hands. Where it is inadvisable to lo- cate the receiving and transmitting sets close together and a control circuit for the transmitter would entail considerable wir- ing, this device comes in very handy. The relay operates on as low a current as one milliampere which is supplied from a single dry cell and because it does not have to be reset, it is always ready for operation. There are two major parts to the device; the sound operated, circuit breaker and the relay which it actuates. The relay in turn operates the contacts through which the ex- ternal circuit (which is to be controlled) is operated. The sound operated, circuit breaker con- sists of a copper tab resting upon two cop- per wires. This is shown in Figure 1 and is mounted on the long side wall of a cedar box 8 inches long, 3 inches high and 4 inches wide. When a sound wave corresponding to the natural frequency of the side of the box strikes it, the box wall will vibrate. The tab which is light in weight will be knocked away from the wall of the box due to this vibration and will open the circuit between the two wires for a short interval of time. The frequency at which the box wall vi- brates will depend upon its physical dimen- sions and can, therefore, be varied to suit O start with it would be best to ex- plain just what the title of the article "446 Park St., Montclair, N. 8. any particular requirements. With the di- mensions given, response will be had at a low frequency and the relay can be oper- ated by a clap of the hand. The armature of the relay consists of a strip of phosphor bronze six inches long, one-quarter inch wide and a thirty-second inch thick. One end of it is mounted rigid- ly to a post and the other end has mounted FIGURE 1. THE COPPER TAB THAT IS USED AS THE SOUND OPERATED CIRCUIT BREAKER It is bent as shown in the left view and its edge rests upon the two pieces of wire, thus completing the circuit through to the relay. upon it a piece of soft iron or steel that loses its magnetism quickly. The armature is mounted on a hard rubber base with a pair of 1,000-ohm telephone head set mag- nets as shown in Figure 2. A copper con- tact strip is mounted on, but insulated from, the armature and is connected to a binding post by means of a light piece of wire which will not interfere with the operation of the armature. Platinum contact points are mounted on each side of the armature and an additional contact is mounted on the side to which the copper contact strip is fastened. This contact consists of a piece of light flexible copper wire. Let us assume that the switch is closed for 2-way operation and that the armature is moved over against the magnet “C” which closes the circuit between the contact “A” and the armature. This causes a current from the battery to flow through the mag- net “C” and hold the armature in this posi- tion. Now, if the circuit breaker is dis- turbed by clapping your hands, the current flowing through the magnet is interrupted and the fact that the amount of residual magnetism in the soft iron piece at the end of the armature is small and it is holding its position against the tension of the phos- phor bronze armature strip, results in its springing away from the magnet. It will move far enough to make contact between the armature and the contact “B”. By this 4

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t breaker will be closed once rrent from the battery will fl magnet “D”, thus holding t] n this position. From this it the armature will be oper rth making a trip to the n 1 8 | {a}-4 - | 15-2} ; L A i ? } 9 FI CUIT IN WHICH THE RI [ SHOWN ABOVE, AS ENERAL CONSTRU¢ UT OF THE UNIT the relay is operated from the . « er which is being controlled } »h_m otentiometer and is ay be operated from the hatt . It may also be used to y the lay and if its resistance sn the relay will act only to o th j e to be closed manually Dt n each time the circuit rea | by a sound wave. It is in? t the relay and it may imber of times without ion. I thrown to the “l-way” p armature moved against the ”’ the current will flow thi t breaker and armature t From there it flows thr ne “D” and the “l-way” Sv ts “E” and back to the other the battery. When th circu ened, the armature wil! spr the magnet “D” and ever thous e the contacts at “A” ther complete circuit mad thr t “C” to hold the arma ture ir n and the circuit will re main armature is manuall: returr magnet “D”. Th may be had by increas ing tl resistor R so that th: curre!? ugh the magnet is just suffi armature. When th curre! magnet is interrupted and ings away, the field of the not strong enough to attract iture and it comes to res! betwee magnets. OST JANUARY, 1929 Should it be necessary to turn one circuit off and another on, another copper, contact strip may be mounted upon the armature and an additional contact point provided. These will, of course, be arranged on the side of the armature strip opposite to the contacts shown so that as one pair of con tacts make, the other pair will break. As the relay magnets have a resistance of 1,000 ohms and a potential of about 2 volts will give satisfactory operation, we see from Ohms law that a current of 2 milliam peres is required This means that it can be operated for about six months on one set of dry cells or it can be operated from the radio battery with prac tically no noticeable decrease in i , The complete cedar box mentioned previously. The cir cuit breaker is on the short side and the relay are mounted on the cushi f the box. The cushions are provided to prevent operation of the circuit breaker due the vibrations of the armaturs spring. Cushions are also placed under the box to keep any jarring (hitting against the to operate it its life unit is is on the long side, the resistor and switch the bottom ms on to table when passing it) from operating the circuit breaker. This relay has been in operation for a long time to turn on and off a broadcast receiver. When used for this purpose, it is advisable to place it at least four or five feet to one side of the loud so that any exceedingly loud clapping or drumming that may be broadcast will not operate it. The average range over which the relay will work is about thirty feet but it ] adjusted to operate over fifty feet away It is also being used to turn a transmitte) on and off that is located across the from the receiver. This eliminates the need for an extra pair of wires to allow thi plate and filament voltages to be turned speaker can be room off and on. This device is hardly to be rec- ommended as a means of keying but possi bly some of our CQ hounds could use it to to limber their fists and at advantage the same time stay up on the air. tay-Strays"$) . di- Division Dr. Woodruff, our Atlantic rector, has fitted up a dormitory at State College for those visiting hams who may want to stay over night. As it is located over the furnace room, he calls it the “smoke house” for hams. Just to let you know of the progressive spirit of the amateur, we have recently re- ceived a request for a decalcomania of the League emblem from a member who wanted to display it on the fuselage of his plane.

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JANUARY, 1929 OST 43 Increasing Transmitting Antenna Efficiency By Stuart L. Seaton’ ANY amateurs are so located that an ideal antenna system, free from trees, wires, houses, et cetera, is an impossibility. The purpose of this paper is to show a means of bettering the efficiency of the average single wire linear type antenna. A short time ago some investigations were made to determine the best type of antenna to use with a portable receiver mounted in Many systems were tried, includ- ing short single wires, loops, and at last the resonant wave coil was found to be the best. an inductance having a natural period equal to the wavelength or frequency ne is interested in. teinartz’s Modula- scope is one and Tesla’s high frequency transformer is one with both ends free. Under ordinary conditions, a coil is not a good radiator or receiver of electro-mag- netic energy, but for the very limited spat that this antenna had to be put into proved to be of much greater value than any that was tried. a truck. It is just other As an experiment a resonant wave c was connected to a transmitter in place o the antenna. The good results, conside size of the thing, were such a su prise that the idea of putting one at each end of a typical single wire antenna pre- This was tried and the trans- ing the tl nted itself. ° } mitted wave was found to be quite a bit steadier, while tht signal strength was sev- eral percent greater. In order to find out what was taking place in this antenna to cause such a change, a review was made of past antenna developments and it was found that Hertz had used almost the same thing when he added a metal plate to each end of the linear oscillator. That the Hertz antenna, with plates, is iore efficient than the linear oscillator may way: The distance effect of an antenna is almost directly proportional to the maximum average value of the cur a g¢ in it, by the equation: E 2x\ M 2x field strength at or nea | oscillaton Ke The electric the equatorial plane of the My The magnetic field strength at or neat the equatorial plane of the oscillator. *Washington Grove, Maryland V Velocity of propagation. Form factor of antenna. L, Total length of the oscillator. Wavelength. I Current amplitude at current anti- node. ’ Distance from oscillator (much great- er than one wavelength). Interpreting this geometrically, if we plot the curve of current distribution by plotting the current values as ordinates at each cur- rent element and connecting the points thus obtained, (see Figure 1) the area (shaded in the figure) included by this curve and the oscillator, is equal to the total legnth, times the form factor, times the current value at the current antinode; or equal to the total length times the average current value, and is a measure of the amplitude of the electro- magnetic field at distant points. That is, the current distribution curve is character- tic of the effect at remote distances, The effective capacity of a linear oscil- lator is increased by the addition of con- ductors or plates at the ends (of a value relatively small as regards the effective wire capacity) hence the frequency will be lower for a single wire of the same length. The difference is of course greater as the end pieces are relatively greater with re- gard to the wire capacity. The greater the capacities of the at- tached end pieces are as compared to the effective wire capacity, the nearer does the minimum current amplitude at any point of than Curve of current aistribution Pt -Current Element FIG.1_ N E DIS- EN VORMAL POTENTIAL AiND CURR F T TRIBUTIONS ON A LINEAR ANT NA he wire approach the current amplitude at he antinode, i.e., the curve of current dis- ribution approaches a straight line parallel » the oscillator, and the form factor ap- proaches its maximum value, one. The current amplitude at its antinode is

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determined by the potential amplitude at its antinode from the equation: To x ve Ve Io > Car amplitude at current anti- Vo \ tage amplitude at voltage anti- C' and | , Capacity and coefficient of self- iduction, respectively, of the length wire considered as a unit. The r f current and potential dis- S ol tributior nust be as shown in Figure 2. As a matter of fact, the highest potential on the oscillator occurs at the end pieces. Hence, the current amplitude is much great- Potential + Curve Oscillator fnd Capacity \ FIG.2 MODIF! N OF FIG, 1 BY END LOADING er in to the maximum potential amplitu n it would be for a simple wire of the sa length. If the ator with the end pieces be re- duced in length to a value such as to give the same natural period as before and the distar effect measured, it is found to be in tl rhborhood of 12 or 14 percent greater that of the linear oscillator. This is provided that maximum poten- tial amp le is the same in both cases and the capacity of the end pieces is 8 to 10 percent the effective wire capacity because t! ntenna with the end pieces has the advantage of its high current value at the current antinode and the high value of its form f r The above has been experimentally checked and there is no doubt about the increase in efficiency caused by the addition of a coil or plate of a value not exceeding 10 percent of the effective inductance or capacity, or both, of the antenna alone. It is readily seen why the addition of a plate or capacity helps the antenna: the coil has capacity, both distributed and effective eca- Ost JANUARY, 1929 pacity to ground, also it has greater in- ductance than the plate. In practice, these two characteristics combine to increase the average current value along the length of the antenna while keeping the potential amplitude at a high value. The coil may be thought of as a sponge, which, while not radiating much itself, causes a greater en- ergy to flow along the antenna, hence in- creasing its effectiveness. In the specific case of an antenna 60 feet long, with a natural period of 40 meters and a capacity of 0.0000532 pfd. the inductance was .00498 milli-H. This gives an LC ratio corresponding to nearly 40 meters. The addition of a coil consisting of 22 turns of 2% inch dia. copper ribbon spaced about % inch to each end of the system raised the inductance to 0.00528 milli-H. and the ca- pacity to 0.0000563 yfd. and increased the wavelength about 5 meters. The antenna length was increased a bit at each end to bring the fundamental to the same value as without the coils. Before any transmission tests were made, the re- sistance of both the antenna without coils and the antenna with coils was obtained over a range of ten meters above and below the intended operating point, to make sure that the antenna input would be constant, and also to make sure that neither antenna was working at an unfavorable wave due to a resistance “hump.” The procedure of each test was to erect one of the antennas, get into communication with some station of a desirable location as regards distance, obtain a complete report on the signal, then take the first antenna down and put the other up (about 30 seconds work) and get a complete report on the second antenna. Contact was established alternately with each antenna and no indication was given the receiving station as to what might be expected as a result of the test. It was observed that using the antenna without coils to establish communication was more difficult than when the one with coils was used. Both at great distances and nearby, the signal from the antenna with coils was fav- ored for steadiness and intensity, the in- crease in intensity being as high as 50 per- cent in some cases while the average in- crease taken from all the tests showed about 18 percent gain. The antenna with plates or with spheres in place of the coils, of a value of about 10 percent of the linear antenna capacity, showed an increase in intensity of about 10 to 12 percent but the gain in steadiness seemed to be about the same as with the coils (due, no doubt, to the same capacity increase in both cases). Several other antennas were tried at dif- (Continued on Page 8) ~~ oe ane at oe oe 2 ak

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JANUARY, 1929 OST 45 A Filter for Street Car Noises EFORE a convention of traction officials at San Diego there was pre- B sented a report by Mr. G. W. Shaon, Superintendent of Equipment of the San Diego Electric Railway Co., which re- port is of direct interest to all QST readers and in particular to those in any way con- nected with the operation of electric rail- ways. The report cannot be reproduced in full here but is abstracted from a copy sent to us by Mr. D. C. Good of the Silver Gate Radio Association. Experiments with various connections of the armatures, main series fields and com- mutating series fields of a car equipped with Westinghouse 514-A-3 motors sug- gested that a filter would be useful in su- pressing that part of the interference which is caused by commutator sparks. This con- clusion was drawn from the fact that in general those connections made the least noise in which there wus a field winding between the trolley and any armature. A filter was then built and tried at a time when there were not too many other cars nearby. This sectional filter seemed promising when tested on an isolated sec- tion of trolley wire within 3 feet of which was a 40-foot antenna connected to an At- water-Kent receiver (3 r.f., detector and 2 audio) tuned to broadcast wavelengths. The filter was a single-section device con- sisting of an 8-microfarad electrolytic con- denser and « 300-uHy. inductance. To determine proper constants, a _ sec- tional multi-stage filter was built and so installed that the various units could be —— oo Micro henry inductor .08 thick ribbon copper spiral aor! of 21 turns a 4° inside or Core 18” owtside diameter le” Spacing between turns 2 Microfarad Condenser tap of car Car Motors SAN DIEGO ELEC RY CO LOW PASS FILTER FOR ELIMi- NATING RADIO INTERFERENCES cut in and out separately. During tests with this filter it was found that the good- ness of the filtration increased with the use of more sections, provided one considered the commutator interference, but that not much was done for the trolley-wheel spark interference which must accordingly be minimized by care in the maintenance of the contracting parts. It was also found that a car without filter created bad in- terference when anywhere on the section though it was at times as far as 1% miles from the receiver. A filter design was now developed, such as is shown in the diagram but unfortunate- ly it is not clear from the report and print if the condenser is electrolytic (and there- fore self-repairing) nor is it clear whether the condenser has two sections of which each has a capacity of 2 ufd. or whether the total capacity is 2 pfd. After a 90-day endurance run, the filter was again tested by comparing two cars, one of which carried the filter and both of which were operated over a 4-block stretch at the middle of which was located an ob- serving post. This observing post employed a Radiola 26 receiver (6-tube super- heterodyne with loop) to which a 50-foot antenna 75 feet from the trolley wire had been added. Both a loudspeaker and a plate milliammeter were used as output indi- ecators. The filtered car increased the normal meter reading of 38 to a maximum of 40 and produced mild noise in the speaker which would not have interfered with any- thing but faint signals. The unfiltered car increased the reading to 100 and created a roar that made all reception impossible. —R. S. K. ee Strays $3 If difficulty is experienced in coupling the coil of the frequency meter to that of the receiver in making a check by the click method, W2FD suggests that a belt made of flexible insulated wire be looped around the two coils. The belt acts as an untuned r. f. transmission line. W1AD offers the following suggestion for the rectifier described by A. J. Haynes in December, 1927, QST: “In making the high resistance shunts for the jars could not find anything avail- able in the line of graphite except the flake, and this did not work at all. In looking around for something else found a graphite paint, namely ‘Dixon’s Silica Graphite Paint’. “By coating a piece of drawing paper with a ‘half and half’ mixture of this paint and black India ink, a strip %-inch wide by 2 inches long will give a resistance of approximately %4-megohm. In my rectifier, strips 4o-inch wide by 2% inches long were used.”

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46 OST JANUARY, 1929 Pes TIERKIESS Nd if ih i \_ | Ha all i N ro \) \ rill ll IN AN \ ie a Conducted by A. L.” Budlong in the previous issue, the Union Constitution has finally adopted, and the Union is a union of amateur societies. Nat ections already in_ existence wer n the editorial of the Decem- ber nd mention was made of sev- era where sections are being W vish to extend an invitation to all societies in countries where sectior not exist to file applications with retary of the Union for ad missio1 the LA.R.U. Only one society can gnized for each country con- cerned t is therefore necessary when subn e application that all per- tinen mation concerning the society, its cor n, officers, membership, etc., be su at the same time. It may be mentior re that the requirement of at least five members has been re- mo’ matically under the new con- stitu It is expected that in most coun m which applications will be recei e will be more than twenty- five 1 , but it is conceivable that in a few ere amateur radio is yet young and 1 ns heavy, the membership will be br figure. This fact is no bar to adr , however, providing the society making ipplication is truly the repre- senta mateur organization for that count providing it satisfies the re- quir therwise. Th the international organiza tion promotion of two-way private rad phic communication. It is the desir Union officers to have as mem. bers or ety from every country in the world organized amateur radio exists. I rmation is slowly coming in from is countries regarding their new i! liate letters and other amateur regulat laid down by their respec- tive g nts for 1929 operation. The Union to urge again upon every member ty and upon individual ama- teurs sections do not exist to cor- respond h it immediately any definite informa that is known concerning these matters. As early as possible this year we want to publish a list of intermediates and other information. We can do it only with the cooperation of amateurs everywhere. Belgian Section Notes By Paul de Neck, President Reseau Belge With deep regret we record the resigna- tion of our Hon. Secretary, Mr. Marcel Ocreman, eb4FU, and also of our “cash manager” Mr. Hunninck, eb4UA, both owing to business pressure. Mr. Ulrix, eb40OU, will take both jobs on his shoulders in the future. Conditions for DX work have been very bad lately, and night after night it is im- possible to work a distant station, or even to hear one of them—especially U. S. A. stations. Our sailing training ship L’Avenir sailed November third for Martinique and from there to Tampa, Florida. Her eall is XEB4WK with a pure d.c. note on about 32 meters, just above PCPP. All hams are cordially invited to work her when possible, and will be gladly received on board to have a look at the station, when the ship is is Tampa harbor. Please apply to the master, Captain Vandezande, or to the wireless operator, Mr. Vandelmans. On telegraphy, good work has been done, despite the unfavorable conditions, by eb4DI and 4RS, who worked Japan lately, a most difficult QSO from here. 4BC, 4FP, 4AR and the usual DX gang are still going strong whenever conditions permit. Our good ham 4AU, Mr, J. Mahieu, who won second place in the International con- test, and who is well known by the W gang, has been severely ill for the last few months, but is now completely recovered. Phone amateurs are more and more turn- ing to the Van Gasse circuit, and 4AI, 1VG, 4TO and others are receiving really good reports. 40U got an FB report from a French military station, UF-2, situated in the middle of the Sahara, and puts on good press news to the above-mentioned sailing vessel XEB4WK. (Continued on Page 8&2) JAI wif wa w2r w3e w5a w5t w6z w6l w6l wc wh wh whe wis wit wh wi wh wie wt) G@

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JANUARY, 1929 Ost 47 A. G. Weynton, 1 Harcourt Flats, Brierley Street, Cremorne, Sydney, Australia wlabz wlbk wlbux wlbx wlbs wicnz wlefn wleq wlfs wlme wlmk wlom wlxbwlixd wlxy w2acf w2apf w2axg w2axz w2bgo w2bpo w2co w2czr w2emg w2fa w2ns w2pa w2le w2wa w2wi w2wr w2ws w3bsj w3ckj w3ckl w3hl w3kl w4baj wine w4ipa wiqb wixe w4zz w5afx w5age w5ain w5ark w5ax w5bj w5hj w5ikh w5mx w5tx w6aak w6afs w6ahj w6aie w6akn w6am wé6ao0v w6apd wé6ard w6avo wé6avl wé6awa w6ayce wobgb w6bih w6bjx w6bkg w6bp wébpm wébaqh w6brk wéb w6byz w6bws w6ede wé6cef w6cgm wé6chl wé6cka wéclj w6cmx w6cpo wé6ctx wé6cul w6eww wé6czr wodceq w6dey w6dfm wé6dhs w6dkv w6dkx wé6diu wé6dlh w6dqe w6dtl w6dud w6dyj w6dzk wé6ebn wé6ec wé6edp w6eeo w6em wbéhk wir w6kq w6nq wéino w6yj wiar wiagb wiaub wibn wibu wiz wijh wimn wit witn wiwl wS8bck wSbda wSbk wS8bsr wScft wS8cxw wSddk w&Sdgb wSdnm wSdpo wea wkiq wkSmu wSxt w9abv w9am w%apf wSbb wSbqe wScaf wIche w¥cjh w9ckf w9cos w9cub w9cxn w9czf wIdbw w9dlh wiecz wSede wSef w9ejo wIeln wiSfeh wSfem w9fxr wkd w9xn eun3 ngq-2co op-lad op-lhr op-lem op-lpw Graham C. Hall, 128 Milton Parade, Glen Gris S. E. 6, Victoria, Australia 20- and 40-meter band wlii wlom wlipk w2ag w2agcn w2jn w2pn w2ra w2tp w3ap wSarb witk w5Sayo w5bad w5bj wiqa wéabs w6am w6ax wébhz w6bnw wé6chy w6dbm w6dq wé6drr w6dwi w6eeo w6pw w6tn wS8bhi w9acf w9adn w9bre w9bze wScjh wIcub wIdcn w9ef wIefa weln wtbv w9pu zllaj zllap zllfu zllfv zl2ab zl2ak zl2aw zl2aj zl2be zi2bj zl2bg zl2bo zl2bp zl2fb zl2gb zl2go zl2gp zl3ab zl3aw zl3cm zl3cp zl4ac zl4am zl4ao k6bpg k6dju k6dud k6ekx k6kq op-lem od-ljr oc-Ipp oc-2mo ek-4aap ef-S8orm g21z. 10-meter band oa-3cp oa-3my oa-3ks oa-3kb oa-8pm oa-3bq oa-fsa zllan OA-2AW, C. C. Clarke, 91 Apu Cres., Lyall Bay, Wellington, N. Z. wlbhs wllmx wlasf wlaw wlgh wlabz wlbvl wing w2cty w2alu w2az w2tpj w2vy w2ty w2kb w2me w2wi w2jp w3cjn w8avk w3cfq wiwe w4bl w4ifu wdoc wirn wdaj wike w5wi w5auz w5acl w5oa w5any whatm wivx w5bj w5atf wibbe whiafb wh5bbi w5jc w6dfw w6dkt w6czk wéard w6dtg w6kg w6bzn wé6abk w6chv w6ue w6dev w6acz w6bit w6bsb w6bja wécej w6cih w6dfm wé6dep w6kb w6éwb wébhl w6chq wé6cct w6bzf w6asi w6wn w6bpo w6aas w6gn wé6aej wé6bzm w6bvt w6bwk w6awp wécfr w6dh w6djx w6am wé6czru w6cul w6ahq w6cfh w6akh w6byz wépw w6tu wé6pe w6a0s w6akh w6cuk w6ax w6bgb w6bkg wé6ed wé6bfr w6chl w6ami w6aie w6dgt w6dok w6bch w6bsn wéabp w6dq w6cub w6cht w6ebn wé6cis w6nx w6cyx wé6aah w6cwa wé6ctn w6dtt w6buf wé6akw wé6cih w6cwh w6baw wé6czy w6begb w6ej wé6cuh wé6dgt wé6akm w6bax wéiks w6eg w6akm w6bxd wé6ceq w6dwi wiwh w6dnm wé6ags wiaax wimh wiqe wiaib wimx wiafo wiabh wifh wilz wiac wiagb wirf wipv wach wits wivaar wScvq wSatn wSczr wScno w&dod w&8cn wSdtv wSbrf w&Sdem wSdnn wSadm wSees wS8adt wS8cecq wSsp w9ahw w9dws wSdng w9bac wScfn wIczt w9ara w9rp w%9cix w9mh w9ckf w9ack w9byc w9eck w9bqe wcul w9Sbwj wSdrj wIama wSdxg w29eul w9add wbaf w9fqq w9xi wSchs w9baqy w9bal w9fnz w9fci w9aid w9dea w9dyx wScia w9drj w9dkm vebdat vebgo vebad veicj vedaf vedfv veidgb vedha ve2ca ve9bd vewaug ef-9ix ef-8xo ef-8fr sc-lai sc-lah se-lid sc-law sc-Sac ek-4aap ac-2ff aj-4bk aj-7mf as-85ra oo-dgk su-2bt k7to k7h!l k6ch k6dkt k6kz k6alm. W2ATZ, Eric Palmer, Jr., en route to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil wlabx wlacm wladb wlaeq wlagw wlahx wlaks wlbad wlbat wleez wlxv wlxm w2aby w2acd w2aei wlafr w2afz w2agw w2ain w2ajb w2akv w2ald w2alo w2alu w2apb w2azl w2azo w2baz w2bbx w2bcb w2bda w2beh w2bfo w2bfn w2bfy w2beb w2bhr w2bit w2bjj w2bjk w2bjm w2bjr w2blx w2bmd w2bmg w2bot w2box w2boz w2bpu w2brb w2bvg w2bwr w2bxr w2cau w2cek w2ccd w2cla w2ceqd w2cty w2cup w2cvr w2ew w2di w2fm w2fn w2fp w2hq w2ie w2iz w2jn w2ki w2kj w2ky w2lx w2ne w2qv w2rv w2sc w2ty w2ub w2uo w2ve w2vw w2ws w2wy w2wz w2za v2xd w2xaf w2xbt w2zct w3atj w3aua wS8biu wS8cjd w3bqz wSee wSage wSsn w8xn w4aaq waar w4iacc wiahl w4ajl w4nkf w4xe w5bad w5bdh w5om w5gr wizav w6aak w6czce w5dsl w6dfr d6éeeo w6eey wé6eih w6oj w6xe wiaat wiabh wilz wifd wiaer wixf wSaau wSafg wSagy wS8ahe w8air wSajt w8aly wS8aol wSapo wS8bau w8bbp w8bcu w8bda w&bgy w8bha w8bjb wSblb wScam w8caq w&cpe w&dhe w8dii w8dpo w8dsy wlduw wSdyi wS8dxce wS8ea wS8ez w&hb wS8jp wS8kr wqv wSxe w&8zze w9aaw w9abz w9afb w9ahq w9aip w9aof w9apy w9aqx w9baz w9bbg w9bbo w9dpj w9dr wSfam w9fdt w9fdy w9fdz w9feh w9fff w9fhy w9fid w9flb w9fot w9fox w9fso w9fsu w9fsx w9fxm wIgaq v9gee wSeceq w9xi w9xn. S.S. Binnendijk of the Holland-American Line, J. Arends, Operator wlef wimp w2bia w3db wS8ada wS8dpo w9ara nn-Inie ea-tx eb-4dx eb-4uu eb-4jj ed-7ah ef-8sm ef-Szed en-ovn gi-6wg es-2nag es-2nb ct-lbk ct-len b-leg sb-3ah oa-2aw oa-2ek oa-2hm oa-2rx oa-2tw oa-8ep oa-3¢r oa-3h!l oa-3jk oa-3kr oa-3vp oa-4pn oa-5em oa-5jh oa-7ch oa-71j zl2op zl2go. WEDC ex WQE, S.S. Harvey H. Brown, x C. H. Stevens, Operator 7,000-ke. band wlabd wilafu wlajy wilalb wlang wibhm wiblo wiblyvy wlbmg wlbnl wlbob wicil wickf wifu wigw wikm wiku wimx wloo wirp wirw wisq wivh w2aaj w2aao w2abn w2acg w2af w2afc w2aft w2aib w2alo w2axp w2bcb w2bhz w2bie w2boz w2bpq w2bsc w2edh w2cyx w2kp w2lx w2uc w2uk w2up wS8acz wS8ahp wS8amz wSaqs w3kr w3fp wS8tr w4ac w4acw wiaek w4aeo wiahz wiaiy wiakg wiama wé4anu wiaqg w4br wjl wioc wipf w4zzc w5adp whafe w5aif w5ain w5bex w5be w5bj w5fj wiec w5kh w5la w5imx w5q! w5re wStx w5ivh w6bxi w6dca w6dya w6ech wT7bad wT7wi wSaac wSacz wSadh wS8alh wSape wS8acz wS8adh wSalh wSape wSaxf w8bm wSbces wS8bgey w8byp wS8cau wSec!l w&cedp w&chi w&8ciw wS8cnt w8cezg w8dem w8ddg w&kr wSxe w9acl w9acs w9aqz w9bbw w9bca w9bef w9beu w9bhz w9bi w9bir w9bkz w9bmr w9bpx w9bsb w9bxv w9bzo w9che w9cvu w9dfy w9dne w9dop w9eaj wSedw w%Seey w9ema w9eme w9enq wI9eqe wetf w9euz w9eyl w9fam wIfer w9fhv w9fnc wIfsx wIfxr w9fxt w9edh w9gdm w9gek veS8be zl2me zl8ah sb-lca se-2ab su-lev kéaan nj-2pa nm-lax nn-bab nn-Inic o0o-bam. 14,000-ke band wiale wlasu wlaze wlue wizz w2bou w8bav widb w5age w6bto w6dzl wSadg wSady w8ann wS8apu wS8aq wSbdt wScsu w8cyg wS8hx w®?fro velad ve2ax vedcp vedio (Continued on Page 8&8)

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48 | OST Correspondence The Publishers of QST assume no responsibility for statements made herein by correspondents. i) Clean Signals 802 No. Burris Ave., Compton, Calif. Ed iT: A ent on one of the points men- tions Mr. H. M. Walleze in his article on / of the November issue, I agree that entirely possible and practical to have per cent d.c. note with a filter ob- tains ugh the medium of “the kid brot nickel bank”. I u Kress 30-henry choke costing $1.00 > 3-% nfd. Stromberg Carlson cond listed in QST at $1.75 each a few n s ago. The conventional circuit is ust filter the output of two UX-216-B tubs by a 5650-volt 250-watt trans- former There is practically no heating anyw! even if 100 mils input is pushed into a UV-210 in the “1929” type Hartley. As f results!! I never get anything but a report and at 2000 miles they even give I ystal d.c. The locals at a mile or less say I sound like “B” batteries. Speaks well f ST’s 1929 dope as well as for the filter Alt} is not the best of practice, the entire power unit and filter is in a cabinet 10”x10"x10” and sits’ within %” of net of the same size containing the tr tter. In ght of my experience I can em- phat agree with Mr. Walleze that 1929 s should be strictly pure d.c.” and I further in saying that there is no ex for the owner of a low power set su mine not having such a signal. For t m who can afford a fifty-watt bottl more there is less excuse still! Here’: a 1929 signal or none at all. —I 1. Blethen—W6DXV—EX 1GAG 6144 Wayne Ave., Philadelphia, Penn. Edit rs I thought probably the fellows would be interes the performance of the “1929 type” . © ry itter. ha een using a tuned-grid tuned- plate cir constructed according to QST’s )” specifications. I used one UX-21 h four hundred volts of filtered r. a. c e plate. With six ufds. of con- denser as a filter, I consistently get pure d.ar rts, and all state that the fre- quency particularly steady. Very often they r: the note as being crystal. I have made several tests with various sts- tions. JANUARY, 1929 I would detune my antenna until about 85% of the maximum radiation was represented. I would then drop the radia- tion to about 50% of the total radia- tion. I found that they would invariably give me the same audibility report, in both cases, and they said that the latter would be steadier, although both seemed to be very steady. So fellows, don’t worry about that last drop of radiation but tune her up until you get a good steady note, and go to it. You will be surprised at the way she steps out. Well, gang, let’s get together and clean up the air of those sloppy signals. We know it can be done. —Jack Bane, W3RA. Thetford Mines, Quebec, Canada. The Editor, QST: The 1929 equipment at VE2AC is almost complete at this time. At present the transmitter under test is the Hartley circuit built as suggested in QST, August 1928. The arrangement was altered slightly to permit the insertion of a plate milliammeter, which I believe is necessary. I am working on 14,200 kc. fila- ment and plate supply are from Thordar- son T-2098 transformer and T-2099 double choke and 3 two-ufd. condensers for filter- ing. 2UX-281’s serve as rectifier. On my t.p.t.g. transmitter the same power sup- ply and filter was used. Reports were r.a.c. but now with the new transmitter I am getting reports of pure d. c., very steady sigs. I could not believe it at first—so the monitor box came into being. I listened to the 1927 set; its note was raw a.c. to r.a.c. with considerable swing and creeping in the signals, and the note had to be followed up and down on the monitor dial. But the new baby 1929 model really gave me pure d.c. right here in the shack, and the moni- tor dia! never budged more than 1/10 of a degree. Gosh! That knowledge gives a man some pleasant feelings. All QSO’s said pure d.c. and steady signals so I guess it is true. The main troubles experienced in getting the set to work were: 1. Getting the exact spot for the fila- ment clip on the tuning coil. %” too far toward the grid side or to the plate side sets everything out of balance. There is where the plate milliammeter comes in handy. (Continued on Page 66) JA F 1 I s -~—p ota ooh ott ao a

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JANUARY, 1929 OST An Unusual Rectifier Cure By C. A. LINKING lights, welding of key con- tacts and bad sparking was eliminated by a simple change at station W3CAB. A 50-watt tube received its plate sup- ply from a pole transformer through a chem- ical rectifier. The center tap was used for one of the high voltage supply leads accord- ing to the uual arrangement of Fig. 1. The keying was done in the 110-volt supply line. The transformer was designed 80 that when 220 volts was applied to the low voltage winding 2200 volts would be pro- duced in the high voltage between the ends of the winding, or 1100 volts between either end of the winding and the center tap. The same high tension supply could also be secured by applying 110 volts to the center tap and one end of the low ten- sion winding. However, on attempting several times to use the 1100 volts on each side of the center tap for a plate supply, trouble resulted. The sparking, welding of the key, and blinking of the lights made the proposition impracticable. Consequently each attempt at high voltage supply resulted in dropping back from 1100 volts to 550 volts by apply- ing the 110 volts supply to the outside ends of the low voltage winding. The proposition was studied. It was concluded that the trouble possibly came from a magnetic saturation of the iron: Every so often the key would open at a part of the cycle which left the trans- former core magnetized. Every so often —_— ~ ~~ > YN SXD awatalaL sa aval sal at a. gum | ie | > 5 || | sxe DODO winced || Co oe. FIG. 1. WITH THIS ARRANGEMENT FOR 1100- VOLT PLATE SUPPLY, THE HOUSE LIGHTS BLINKED, THE CONTACTS OF THE KEY SPARKED BADLY AND OFTEN WELDED FAST the following closing of the key was at an unfavorable point of the cycle. The al- ready magnetized iron core tried to be mag- netized further but could not. It was too nearly saturated. The result was practical- ly a short circuit. This would last for a half cycle. A heavy current would flow for an instant, the contacts would weld, and the lights blink. The circuit was then changed to that of Fig. 2. The 110-volt supply was left on the *Experimenter’s Section, W3CAB, 1311 Road, N. W., Washington, D. C. Spring Briggs* outside terminal of its winding. This caused 1100 volts between the ends of the high tension winding. The center tap was not used. The rectifier was changed from the center tap arrangement to the bridge or diamond scheme of Fig. 2. This per- mitted the full high voltage, in this case FIG. 2. WITH PLATE SUPPLY CHANGED TO GIVE 1100 VOLTS WITHOUT USING CENTER TAP, AND USING TRANSFORMER CORE AT HALF ITS ORDINARY FLUX DENSITY THE SPARKING AND WELDING OF THE KEY CON- TACTS AND THE BLINKING OF THE LIGHTS DISAPPEARED ENTIRELY 1100 volts to be fed through to the tube, while keeping the magnetic density of the transformer low. The effect was magical. The blinking of the lights and the welding of the key contacts disappeared completely. In spite of the fact that the power increased four hundred times the set operated as quietly as when the 550-volt supply was used. ae The Pacific Division Convention HE Key Route Inn, in Oakland, Octo- ber 11th, 12th and 13th, was the Mecca for hamdom in this Division when a large attendance registered. At the dawn of the first day delegates from every section of the Division began to arrive and by the time luncheon was served every one was in a mood to listen to the opening remarks by Director Bab- cock and members of the Convention Com- mittee. The afternoon was devoted to code sending and receiving contests under the supervision of W. A. Hammond, W6ALX. Government license examinations were con- ducted by Mr. Linden, the Radio Super- visor. The Army and Navy was well represented and good talks made by some of their officials. Mr, K. B. Warner, Secre- tary-Editor, from A.R.R.L. Headquarters, gave us a good line on the Technical Pro- gram of the League. The second day was certainly a busy one with technical talks by Frank C. Jones, W6AJF, and Dr. Herrold; lunch and races at Lakeside Park, also a special train to San Francisco for a tour, in fast auto- mobiles with police escort, of the principal

Page 48

stat he city. W6DDN and the San Frar ws showed themselves good The day ended with a big sn evening and entertainment presel the Inn under the supervision W ting of motion pictures by th gang, a play by the San Frat lio Club, a good ventriloquist act \A, an hypnotic act and sev- era y the Oakland Radio Club. Good vere given by young ladies fro ricia Reynolds’ Studio. We iln mention that W6CZR won s our big day starting with i big meeting, W6CZR acting as chair discussions of matters SCM’s and RM’s previous hly gone over. Programs sucl ( lub management and the schools to establish nd theory for beginners wel Later in the day Lake- side P rain a drawing card where phot i motion pictures were taker legates, after which big bu for a tour of KGO and the Oal , the point from which the Dol n Cross flights across the Pacit . Several of the fellows vw the air by the pilots at the 5 T B. Warner, who is a Captain in tl ron of the Connecticut Na- ior his first glimpse of west- Lil nducted conventions the Banquet, so well pre- sic Radio Supervisor Linden. Wit! ngers and entertainment, tall Babcock, Mr. Warner, Dr. Her is others and not forget- g of the prizes, the con- successful close with a dee Angeles would hold the 1929 IW. F. TI Vest Gulf Division Convention HI Vv Gulf Division Conven T Dallas on October 18th, I h, was attended by a good entl loyal crowd of A.R.R.L. men ch light of the Conven- tion v nee of Secretary-Editor K. I Communications Man- agel from Headquarters. We wel nate in meeting for the first Eugene Woodruff, Director of tl livision. Our own Direc- tor, M Corlett, was, of course, in attend TI f the convention was a day of visitors; all were ad- mitte Texas State Fair, the Southwestern Auto- OST JANUARY, 1929 various exhibits. Show and the Friday forenoon was devoted to a short get-acquainted session followed by a Com- munications Meeting at which F, E. Handy, mobile Communications Manager, held the floor. In the afternoon, under the able leadership of Director Corlett, who is officially con- nected with the Western Union, a very en- joyable trip was made through their plant. Later in the day the convention was turned over to “KB” for a general discussion of the affairs of the League and other topics of interest. Another high spot of the Convention was the instructive and entertaining talk by Dr. Woodruff—his theme—one black board and some white chalk. The Doctor held us spellbound till 11 p. m., and talked his way right into the hearts of the West Gulf Amateurs. Saturday morning opened with stunts and contests. W5ANC won the code con- test for amateurs, and W5NW as _ usual walked off with the commercial honors. W5NW also volunteered to sit for the “Electric Chair” demonstration, a feature furnished by the Dallas Power & Light Co. The last afternoon session was a most entertaining talk, by Dr. E. F. White, W5AFG, of Beaumont, on the subject of grinding crystals. Everybody sat up and took notice. The final go-round of all conventions, the banquet, was held in the Hilton Hotel Ball Room and presided over by Director Cor- lett. Short talks were made by Lieutenant H. B. Thomas who spoke for the Navy, Mr. Warner, Mr. Handy and Doctor Woodruff. “Casey” Jones, W5QS, distributed the prizes to the winners and did a very satis- factory job of it too. The climax of the Convention during the Banquet were personal greetings from President Maxim, and a _ short talk by Treasurer Hebert both delivered from Mr. Maxim’s home in Hartford. This feature came as a surprise to the gang and was put on at exactly 9 p. m., CST, W5AKV had charge of amplifying arrangements and worked long and hard to perfect the job. Just how the voices of Mr. Maxim and Mr. Hebert were heard in Dallas seems a deep mystery. Adios, until we meet in San Antonio next vear. “Rip” SS | uSSEN - - YOURE su | A SMART RADIO MAN j HOW po YOU TUNE IN } O A HEAT WAVE ? 5 - MORE WAVES THAN ONE

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JANUARY, 1929 The Communi Department, F. E Handy, Communications Manager L. R. Huber, Asst. to Coms. Mgr. 171: Park St., Hartford, Conn.

Some Ideas to Consider in the New Year FFECTIVE January 1, 1929 your transmitte must be adjusted for operation only between the limits of the following bands 1715-2000 ke. (150-175 meters) 3500-4000 ke. (75-85.7 meters) 7000-7300 ke. (41.1-42.9 meters) 14000-14400 ke. (20.83-21.43 meters) 28-30 me 10.71 meters) 6-60 me (5.00 $6 meters) Good Advice ITH the i easing number of important com mercial ind rovernment ervices workit ly on either bands , gail yn ide of our there are dozen self-evident reasons why wandering from < assigned frequency territory is no longer permissib nd will no longer be tolerated Off-frequency oper: | seriously hurt amateur radio—-and endanger tion wil our operating privilege Of course the individu it fault will hurt himself first of all but incidental] h act will refl vorably on all amateurs. I: this connectior it nm t be noted that as an or nization is an aggregate of many individuals—ou: reputation for w-abiding rests wholly and utterly on each and every member and amateur operator We understand that the Radio Division, Department »— Commerce, shortly intend to establish several new frequency-checking stations in different parts of the ountry to assist in maintaining order in the different bands indertake the active enforcement of all the r as necessity may require.

Such off-wdve operation offenses as there have beer n the past cannot help but have increasingly serious onsequences if repeated in the future As was men- tioned last month, GBR sends official British press or 8103 ke. at 7 p. m. E.S.T. daily This is widely

opied by ship operators The U. S. S. Maryland bearing President-elect Hoover on his goodwill trip to South America carries high frequency equipment working near an amateur band, too We could mention half dozen other important services located ar our bands—but these prominent examples will uffice It is evident that off-frequency operation MUST come to a full stop—that if it does not stop because of individual initiative, the U. S. Government will have to step in and use the Bie Stick. Just imagine the far-reaching consequences of a major delay in handling the tens of thousands of words t ind from the U. S. S. Maryland which must be trans mitted each day. Suppose for a moment that this hould happen due to off-frequency amateur operation If it should come to the attention of the President elect, it might even change a previous good impres- sion of amateurs and amateur achievements! Many ‘omparatively mall and seemingly unimportant oc currences in themselves have he!'ped in winning or osing important decisions. Such off-frequency opera- tion must be prevented Complaints that might be made through official channels due to amateur QRM must be stopped by you and me at their source, in other words, before they ever occur. Amateur radio must not suffer any harm through lawless acts due to wilfulness or carelessness of individual members. If and when somebody gets the Bie Stick and loses his operating privileges due to off-frequency trouble, he

OST 51 is pretty sure to be extraordinarily out of luck. The A. R. R. L. stands for law-abiding operation—and will back no individual who gets into trouble through his own fault, injuring the chances of continued enjoyment for the whole amateur fraternity by his off-frequency operation. The moral is this, watch your frequency! Avoid the danger of getting too close to the edge of the new amateur bands. Use a monitor and listen to your signal. Check against reliable marker stations of known frequency in adjusting the set. Know you are right before going ahead. Refuse to take chances. Get properly adjusted in the band promptly, today, right now—and avoid future difficulties for yourself ind all of us by checking frequency often—whenever you open up 2@e Did You Know that there is no longer any acceptable excuse for off- frequency operation? that good advice is only useful when heeded? that long-winds will continue to be in taste during poor

that QSR now means, “the distress call received from has been attended to by .”"? Use QSP for queries and replies regarding the relaying of traffix clicks, too—as well as the that you can have key other fellow? that toothpaste makes good filler for engraving on panels * that the battle of l.c.c.w. will attempt to battle to the death 1.c.c.w.? “spark vs. ew.” is over—and now with that “wobbulation” and “broadness” are unavoidable with certain circuits using “raw” or self-rectified a.c so that these types of power supply will be out? This is especially true except when high capacity tank circuits are used. that a monitor will tell the story much more truth- fully than even a brother ham? that you may be interfering with your neighboring B. C. L.? Find out for sure and fix him up. It’s another serious duty to amateur radio to keep your local public relations fixed up happily. Besides, you owe it to yourself. that vacuum tubes have at last become about as cheap as electric light bulbs? At any rate this can be said of the common type of receiving tubes! that the antenna ammeter is a liar? that one chap in Ohio regularly listens to W1MK’S broadcast to A. R. R. L. Members on 1790 ke. (168 meters) where there is less ORM? The sigs come in louder on 3575 and 7150 ke. though. How about it? that one often needs the help of others? Join an affiliated radio club and attend the meetings where ideas may be exchanged with other ‘hams’

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that it is not necessary to “go slow” when playing “QRS ano rolls? that an excellent theoretical article on “The Varia- tion of nerated Frequency, with Changes in Fila- ment ge, Grid Voltage, Plate Voltage and Re- sista the Tuned Circuit” appears in the De- cember number of the Proceedings of the In- stitute dio Engineers? that t ticle shows the use of proper values of grid le i grid condenser, also emall L and cor- respor large C, to be necessary for constancy of frea n a self-excited oscillator? that a @ may be bad if put to a certain use, while be excellent in some other application? Take a kw. or other big bottle for example—it all whose band it’s in—and what it’s doing tk tations have a field of usefulness, but we the harmonics, that riendship does not depend on darkness or ig So be frank in giving the other fel- low a Expect him to do the same by you. Be ta | observe the golden rule—and make some ‘ ; through your etation. that ntrol is relatively inexpensive (con- sidering y advantages) rat ntrol properly applied will iron out the w a power supply modulation? that trol is a long step toward eliminating br i by plate voltage changes and “‘wob- bulat ateur phones? If you have a phone that « slice of the 35600-3550 ke. territory or the ke. territory, and which perhaps is hear your B. C. L. neighbors, please give this reful consideration. The A. R. R, L. will « type of phone a nice boost. If you have hear about it. that c ntrol is not a quack remedy—and must not t as a cure-all in spite of its manifest advanta mn properly applied? Examine your crysta tre it will not jump suddenly from one fr to another (if the faces aren’t abso- lutely 1 * may happen), consider the possi- bility mperature coefficient changing fre- quence lly if you work near the very edge of an a r band), use good solid mechanical] con- struct mn any other type of set up, arrange dou : g (neutralized if necessary), so your crysta requency standard” working at reason- ably voltage—and is not the whole source of r.f r that a ’ necessary in order to properly adjust mitter for the most effective signal? that c n for others must be first in our thoug! ur game enjoyable and keep it so? that for n “testing” and “adjusting” should be dor ht—not in congested evening operat- ing T that ir n for other operators, power sup- plies n aned up, and transmitters adjusted for si . non-interfering signals for the good of a that 5 ° modulation on signals no longer insure of an amateur station? In fact it is ¢« | to produce unpleasant opposite effects ! that the of every amateur with these ends in 1 : i go a long way toward solving any rem /29"" problem”? that QRV ns, “send a series of V's”? that 28 n bilities and is already being used in interna -<day work? that a water pipe is always a good ground? (It ien’t.)

OsT

that QST is no longer in the international list of Q Code? It is replaced by CQ65. that QST has been adopted by the A. R. R. L. as meaning, “general call preceding a message ad- dressed to all amateurs and A. R. R. L. Members’? that a quick change-over switching scheme (or a plug- in amplifying stage) is necessary to interpret “voice” and amateur phones (some can't be deciphered even then) at the same time a “peak” amplifier is to be had with ite high amplification and added selectivity to use on the “steady” code signals? that until you use a monitor you can never know just how your own signal sounds? that until you use a monitor that you are not equip- ped to make the transmitter adjustments that will improve your signal so much? | that a monitor is the most inexpensive form of ap- paratus to effect a radical improvement in the per- formance of your station? that a monitor can also be used as a laboratory cacil- lator or an emergency transmitter if properly planned in advance? that a shielded portable receiver also constitutes a monitor? that QST and the Handbook have recommended the use of monitors and high-capacity tank circuits since the summer of 19277 (and are still going strong—hi —F. E. H.) that our A. R. R. L. system of numbering messages is to start the series of numbers over again annually, commencing January first? Better start a new “num- ber sheet” (see Handbook for dope) today—and don’t forget that originated messages start with “number one” on January first. that accuracy is the first precept of the message handler? Yes, even before our much-prized “speed.” that speed in rattling a bug doesn’t necessarily mean speed in passing traffic? It all depends on the two operators—and how they use their “beans.” that oscillation in monitors should be controllable? Too strong an oscillation may give deceptive com- parisons. that dots and dashes will be sent with the same rela- tive lengths as formerly, during 19297 (It’s so, ac- cording to W9CZC.) that the stations that give the best account of them- selves in emergencies are those that are prepared and properly equipped in advance? (Are you ready?) that we still hear some wobbly—yes, and even broad amateur signals, too? that it has been suggested that these stations be boy- cotted starting with January first? (At any rate, let’s get critical and unhesitatingly and constructively call such things to the attention of the operators each time wobbly or broad signals are heard on worked.) that resistance is fatal in a high-capacity tank cir- cuit? Variable resistance (such as in clips or poor connections) introduces serious losses and spoils the best characteristics of the signals, also sometimes in- troducing an unforgivable instability. that short leads (but not so short as to introduce extra losses due to “proximity” of coil and con- denser) are essential ? that even if you use a Hartley circuit and insist on having plate and grid clips for flexibility in adjust- ment (control of grid excitation and plate impedance) that the tank circuit MUST be changed to have adequately heavy, short connections (not clips)? that QRL now means, “I am busy’?

JANUARY, 1929

ane a—e as Oe eo es = © me ee a w= 2 we A Ae

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9 000000000046 Cat. No. 192. A_ two tube Amateur Band S. W. Receiver kit complete as called for in circuit diagram. Metal case and aluminum front panel finished in black crystal- line lacquer. Tuning con- denser has noiseless fric- tion vernier and dial seale is directly engraved on front panel. Com- pletely tested and cor- rected. Instruction book in kit enables easy as- sembling and operation. A feature for traffic handlers is the tuning dial calibrated in kilo- eycles for telling fre- quency of an operating xmitter. Kit is for all three of the popular Amateur Bands—-Price $40. We completely as- semble this kit at a mod- erate charge. Send 25c for the sec- ond edition of the REL catalog and information on 1929 xmitters. 100 WILBUR AVENUE, Lets Get Serzus bout 1929 _ Amateur and Receivers COCSTHEE TS HECOOE APPY NEW YEAR! Start right by retir- ing that 1928 receiver. Get a line on this 1929 E-~ a ++ i =e roe re 6 ° e 6 a one = Prone S Amateur Receiver that spreads each band across the entire dial. The circuit shown is the old Stand- By Tuner but necessitates the new coil-condenser combination for full spread tuning. C-1 and C-2 is the new REL tank and vernier unit with a capacity large enough to spread the band over the entire scale when the desired coil is plugged in. C-l, a semi-adjustable tank, need only be set when changing from one band to another, adjustment being made internally at the time the coil is interchanged. A notched disc automatically returns the tank capacity to the correct position. The new coils are space wound on threaded ribbed one piece bakelite forms assuring rigidity and efficiency. Each soil plainly designates the range it covers. The one piece moulded coil base is fitted with 6 spring contacts which engage the coil jacks. You'll be giving the station a treat the day you build this receiver. 9 7 Sey You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST \ \ y ) FL : a; =. The Uutimate 1929 ama- teur receiver plug—in coil. Each coil form comprises three windings (primary, secondary, tickler). Three coils cover the three popular new amateur channels (3500, 7000, 14,000 k.6. bands) When tuned with the REL conden- ser specified here. The three coils and the coil base constitute the ama- teur band coil kit Cat. No. 182 Price 10.00. The REL signed variable condenser specially de- for use in conjunction with the above coils. This is the only variable condenser which auto- matically gives full spread tuning for each band. Vernier capacity 20 mmfd, tank capacity 210 mmfd. Any type of standard dial which fits on a 4%” shaft may be used with this condenser. Cat. No. 187G condenser. Price $6.50. RADIO ENGINEERING LABORATORIES LONG ISLAND CITY, N. Y.

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- Fixed and Adjustable Resistors for all Radio Circuits ) Bradleyunit-B nufacturers, set builders and ters demand reliable resistors tor te coupling resistors. For such ileyunit-B has demonstrated its Il tests, because: ues are constant irre- re dre PP across resistors. us avoided ; le seless sheer lone > ifter tong use ent capacity molded construction Bradleyunit-B in your Radio Circuits Radiostat raphite compression rheostat, \llen-Bradley graphite disc tepless, velvet-smooth control nning disc motors and other a variable resistance. Laboratory Rheostat for general laboratory service. itts. Maximum current 40 am- rheostat for any laboratory. for Bulletins! O., 277. Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, Wis len-B i \ Alen Smal Resistors Say You Saw It in QST Volunteers Wanted! ORE volunteer transmitting stations are needed M to broadcast code practice for the beginners’ - program that we are conducting. Approxi- mately 500 beginners have responded to our recent notices in QST. Our rraphed m: terial, exhausted by such a demand, will be revised ind reprinted. Before this happens we shall need! more reliable transmitters over the whole country upply I mimes The requisities are, briefly, that you have a good ition and that you be willing to spend several hours each week transmitting code practice in the 160 meter band Radiophone stations particularly are suitable for this work; we have several of them enlisted already. If you feel that you would like to do some good work for the A.R.R.L., and if you are equipped to do it, kindly drop us a line giving the schedule that you propos to follow. WsCCK is a new volunteer 160 meter transmittin ition. His schedules are as follows: MONDAY: 8:30 to 10:30 p.m., E. WEDNESDAY: &:: to 10:30 p.m., FRIDAY 8:30 to : p.m., E BEGINNERS ATTENTION! Starting the first of January W5BDT (Gouldbu Texas) will be on the air on approximately 160 meters at 9 a. m. C. S. T. each Sunday and at p m. C. S. T. Tue sdays, Thursdays and Saturdays to send code practise for interested beginners. Slate of W5BDT will be pleased to ters from beginners letting him know how ing out and giving him suggestions on what programs they would like. He will be anyone who writes in any way possible. WYAWE iE. E. McKinney, Osceola, Mo.) on (174.2 meters) seems to have had the most out- standing success with his code practise broadcast which will be continucd each Monday and Wednesday ght, 10:30 to 11:00 pm C.S.1 throughout the Both voice and code transmissions with " are used and the hundreds of letters beginners are sufficient proof of the this station On other nights of for “Mack” on 3790 ke (79 meters between 7:00 and 9:30 pm C.S.T., using raph and glad to practise with any member “code class gang who ve received their enses from the Supervisor. mber of the stations in the “broadcast” band 205-550 meters) are also broadcast code pri se lessons for interested listeners We hall try to give a list of these stations with sched- next bulletin to those beginning ama- eurs who have placed their names on file at A.R.R.L Headquarters Voice and code is used by these sta- tions in a special program arrangement worked out by the A.R.R.L. In a few cases the stations are using a code practise course of their owr The four- ies In our n “prepared” broadcast ure ) capeinanel that ach “] on” will be equa ly useful to new listeners r those who have followed the program startin; vith the fir “lesson.” W9IK (Cogswell, N. D.) phone and buzzer modulated CW on 1970 ke 152.5 meters) Tuesday and Friday, 7:30 and 8 pm S.T Sunday, 11 t 11:20 am and to 2 pm for code practise broad- casts He excellent reports from Michigan Oklahoma, Georgia and Kansas and is covering a lot f two-way work betweer of territory He is on for 6:30 and & pm and again after 10:30 pm, also. W3AEQ (Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa.) sends ode practise transmissions each Sunday at 1 pm EST on the 160-meter band, suggestions and an- nouncements using “‘voice’”’ making the meaning of what has been sent clear. It Identifies You and Helps Q@ST

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- Here’s the answer to every question about the principles, : methods, or apparatus, of radio transmitting and receiving-- THE RADIO By G. E. STERLING, Radio Inspec- tor and Examining Officer, Radio Division, U.S. Dept. of Commerce. Edited by ROBERT S. KRUSE, for five years Technical Editor of QST. Complete Preparation for Government License. Radio MANUAL The new procedure adopted by the International tadio Telegraphic Convention is effective Janu- ary Ist, 1929. THE RADIO MANUAL records it completely. Department of Commerce exam- nations for operator licenses are changed the first of the year. Only THE RADIO MANUAL presents all the material to meet the requirements of the questions. Progress has been steadily made in perfecting radio theory and practise. THE RADIO MANUAL, since it is the most up- to-date volume on radio, is the surest source of complete and accurate information on all points. A Complete Handbook of Principles, Methods, Apparatus for Students, Amateur and Commercial Operators, Inspectors 16 Chapters Covering 1 Flementary Electricity and 9. Broadcasting Equip- including, for first time in J Magnetism ment including, for the first any text book description and » Motors and Generators time in any text book, the circuit diagram of Western 8. Storage Batteries and Charg- ing Circuits 4 Theory and Application of the Vacuum Tube ern ployed in Radio Broadcasting Examine It Free Never before has so complete a treatment of radio theory and operation been compressd into a single volume. Here is information that otherwise you could secure only by consulting many different books. And every detail is vouched for by author- ities of the firet rank The Manual is profusely illustrated with photographs and diagrams. There are 700 pages, bound In flexible fabrikoid that fs extremely durable. The immediate demand for so valuable a handbook has already nearly ex- hausted the second large edition. To be sure of receiving your copy without delay, order at once. The volume will be sent for free examination Pay or return in 10 days. complete equipment of West- broadcasting used in over ean broadcasting stations. Are Transmitters including 14 description of Federal! Marine 5. Fundamenta! Circuits Em- ployed in Vacuum Tube 10 Transmitters 6. Modulating Systems Em- 2 Kilowatt Type AM 4151; Slectriec Superheterodyne Re Electric 5 Kilowatt ceiver Type 6004C Transmitter 18. Marine and Aircraft Radio 75% of Ameri- Beacons and Direction Find- ers. The Development of Amateur Short Wave Apparatus. Com- plete details of construction, operation and licenses. Arc Transmitter also models 7. Wavemeters Piezo-Electric “K”" and “Q” 15. Radio Laws and Regulations Oscillators, Wave Traps and 11. Spark Transmitters includ- of the U. S. and Interna- Field Strength Measuring ing description of Navy tional Radio Telegraph Con- Apparatus Standard 2 Kilowatt Trans- vention. Quotations of all 8. Marine Vacuum Tube Trans- mitter important sections mitters including detailed 12. Commercial Radio Receivers 16. Handling and Abstracting description of Model ET-3626 and Associated Apparatus Traffic Order On This Coupon Pete eeene ee ee eee ee eee ee eB SSeS Se Se Sy & D. VAN NOSTRAND CO., INC., 8 Warren St.. NW. YY. &§ §& Send me THR RADIO MANUAL for examination. 8 ' Within ten days after receipt I will either return ' ' the volume or send you $6.00.—The price in full | . ' ' | , nen ' (QST 1-29) | f a i © ot ace eee ' ' ‘ ry ' ' s , + State i S. MU6pmmemeeeeoeeeeseesoeneonoeons It in QST Say You Saw It Identifies You 55 and Helps QST

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Dubilier TRANSMITTING CONDENSERS D' BILIER type 686 condensers have the usual Dubilier hig:. safety factors for use in transmitter filter net works. 1000 volt DC rating. May be connected in series where the work voltage exceeds 1000. Through series parallel connections practi: any working voltage and capacit in be obtained. DC voltage must not exceed 1000; or in A.C ipply filter circuits the trans- former voltage must not exceed 750 volts per rectifier plate: mfd. condenser $5.00 $8.00 rm" Dubilier CONDENSER CORPORATION “ “ec 10 E. 43rd St. New York City Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. Say You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST WSDGN (Ellsworth, Minn.) transmits CW cede practise and information for beginners on 1890 ke. (158.2 meters): Tuesday, 7.30 to 8 pm EST; Friday, 10.30 to 11.00 pm CST. These transmissions run from December 11 until April 1. Suggestions and communications from beginners are welcomed. WS8BMJ (Gloversville, N. Y.) on 37380 ke. will hook up the omnigraph each Sunday night and send other interesting material from 10.30 to 11.30 pm EST. Each Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, 10.30 to 11.30 p.m. E.S.T. and Sunday 10.00 to 11.00 a.m. E.S.T. (effective January first), W2GL, Mr. William Klesse of Valley Stream, Long Island, will send code practise by omnigraph, the first half of the transmis- sion for beginners, the last half for the speed hounds. An ICW note will be used for the code practise. Announcements will be by phone. W2GL will be found on 1910 ke. (157 meters). This station wil! be glad to QSO anyone who calls him after these transmissions. W9ECF transmits code practice and information on 1765 kes. (170 meters) Monday, Tuesday and Thursday nights, 10.30 pm until 11.30 pm C.S.T. Announcements are made in both voice and code. And say, you beginners, don’t forget to drop a card or letter to every one of the volunteer stations that have arranged transmissions to help out. Let Head- quarters know about the stations you receive, too, so everyone can be given credit for his fine work. WIBOB and W2SJ are trying to compete with W3ZF and his Twentieth Century bunch. The new relay route is called “‘the Golden Gate Chain’’ and at present is made up of WIBOB, W2SJ, WSBEN, W9ACU, W9DZN, W9DQN, and W9GAG. 2@e Congratulations, New Zealand HE fellows at Gisbourne, N. Z. are doing their part to advance amateur radio in that country. Their excellent communication and experimental work is a credit both to themselves and to amateur radio. In addition to the 28 me. pioneering of ZL2AC and others in this country, most excellent and valuable amateur communication work is being con- ducted. ic would be hard to find three amateur station owners in New Zealand more well known in _ in- ternational amateur circles than those we are present- ing in the first photograph. From left to right, meet Robert J. Patty (ZL2AE), Ivan H. O’Meara (ZL2AC), and Syd Strong (ZL2AG). In the return flight of the Southern Crose across the Tasman Sea, O'Meara was continuously alert at ZL2AC and it is reported on good authority that every message sent out by the plane (KHAB) was copied by him during the twenty-three hour flight. This is a feat which would be hard to equal any- where. ZL2AC was copied on 28 mc. by W5ADO some time ago, has since been heard by several west coast stations—and now this station has the honor of being the first to work two-way with W6UF on that new frequency! pla ma Just to § abil spar orat Ele« Rad R

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the real Radio Inspector $2,000 to $4,500 a year Radio Operator $90 to $200 per month with all expenses paid Dow’t look upon Radio as a mere plaything. Thousands of men are making big money at it—and so can you! Just a little commercial training is all you need to give you that professional confidence and ability. You can secure this training in your through a marvelous home-lab- RCA, General Our big FREE spare time oratory course sponsored by Electric and Westinghouse. Radio book tells all about it. Round out your knowledge with this home-laboratory training Put the finishing touch to your Radio experi- ence. Get the “How” as well as the “Why” of Radio with this commercial training. Only an hour or so a day—in spare time—is all you need. As part of your course, you receive abso- lutely free of extra charge—a magnificent out- lay of fine apparatus. With this outfit you learn to build fine sets and solve the Radio problems that bring big pay. You acquire not only the ability but the confidence to succeed in a big commercial way. Training backed by RCA... ™" General Electric ... Westinghouse CA & @ aa? ©) ce 2 e: Our graduates Rapio AMATEURS.. This short cut lifts you into Money CLAss Broadcast Operator $1,800 to $4,800 a year where. They enjoy greater success because they’re posted right up-to-the-minute in everything in Radio. Radio’s progress each year is measured by the accomplishment of the great engineers at work in the research laboratories of RCA,General Electric and Westinghouse. These three Radio organizations set the standards for the industry. Money back if not satisfied The lessons prepare you for success in all phases of Radio— manufacturing, servicing, selling, ship and shore broadcast- ing, Television, Photoradiograms and Radio equipment. A signed agreement backed by RCA assures you of complete satisfaction upon completion of the training—or your money will be promptly refunded. Read this thrilling free book It may mean the turning point in your life. It gives you the real “‘dope”’ about Radio and it describes in detail the fa mous training that has enabled us to place thousands of our students in fine positions, usually from 3 to 10 days after graduation! It tells in 50 fascinating pages and photos all about Radio's brilliant opportunities for adventure and suc- cess. Mail the coupon now— the book is absolutely free! Radio Institute of America, Dept.ST-1, 326 Broadway, New York, N. Y. r am aw om ow @@ =o os oe ao Radio Institute of America Dept. ST-1 326 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ‘ | | Gentlemen: Please send me your | big FREE 50-page book which tells about the great opportunities in Ra- | dio and about your famous laboratory-method j of radio instruction at home. | are in big de- Ris inxadscvcdcnnnkeenaonptcnmabiunsesanckan ita | mand every- | Address see ere eeereseseseseee | Say You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST

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Transmitting Instruments tter made by Radio Engineering Le equipped with Jewell instruments Engineering Laboratories I Jewell transmitting instru- n part of their popular trans- ment shown here is_ but n of the high esteem in wl eur Fraternity hold Jewell nst [his Transmitter is one of ising Jewell instruments ny produces. Pattern No. 64 Frequency Ammeter radio frequency ammeter | many Amateurs to make re dreamed of. Efficiency i apacity are combined. instruments are less than nimum requirement while ‘anteed overload capacity ( nstrument catalog No. 15-C transmitting instruments for a copy. + FE ee lectrical Instrument Co. Walnut Street, Chicago JE 2 Jewel Vaking Good Instruments” —JEWELL— Sey You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST ZL2AE and its owner and operator, “Bob” Patty are shown in our other photograph. Patty is over six feet tall, weighs “fifteen stone”* (to use real N.Z. terms) and we understand that he lifted ZL2AC’s 80-foot mast bodily while Ivan slackened the guys on one occasion when this was moved sev- eral feet while still standing. ZL2AE is the offici amateur contact station for New Zealand for the Byrd Antarctic Expedition. A UV-203-A in a split Hartley arrangement is responsible for plenty of DX as some 1500 card one from aqlLM (Bagdad, Mesopotamia) — will testify. A half-wave 100-meter (300 ke.) antenna is used on third, fifth and ninth harmonics for operation on 9100, 15000 and 30000 ke. respectively Following one of the recent voice broadcast f messages from friends and relatives of members of Byrd's exploration party from KDKA, ZL2Al checked with the SS. City of New York, WFB'1 then 1400 miles south of the Marquesas QRD Dunedin N.Z., which advised receipt of the broadcast with any omissions abroad al! three of the vessels ir Byrd's party. At the conclusion of the QSO, ZL2AE worked VE2BE in Montreal, Que., Canada, and S.C.M. Reid conveyed the report o Canadian We inghouse, sponsor of the Byrd broadcast While short-wave voice broad sting gets througt successfully it eems to lack secrecy and give undue publicity to personal messages t also suffer some disadvantages and doubtfulness when carried on as a one way contact with uncertain transmittir: conditions We trust Continental code and han specializing in bona-fide two-way work will always be ready to serve when needed, however. Here wishing our friends in N.Z. further success with their communication work, 25 me experimenti ind DX achievements \ tome 14 pound *@-e Expeditions WSBS HE Yacht Carnegie of the Department of Ter- restrial Magnetism (Carnegie Institute of Wash- ington) was approaching Easter Island, approxi- mately 5.000 mi'es from its home port and Wash ng- ton, D. C.. when we received our monthly radio re- port in early December The screen grid receiver which “LJ” is using as WSBS still pulls in gnats nicely from all parts of the world The transmitter still does its stuff, too, although perhaps more difficulty was exp rienced n hoving quantitic of traffic through in this direction due to local receptior “eonditions.” The signal have been ‘consistently worked on schedule from the eastern part of the U. S A., the signal streneth depending principally on conditions Official traffic handled to and from WSRBS is being relayed from Washington throurl W3RBW and W2SC to WIMK and thence to WSBS But let’s read the report from the Carnegie: “The whole month of November was spent at sea Although we had some trouble with weak signals, communication on the whole was good Everything was fine until November 23 when our signals became practically unreadable in the Eastern U. S. during the late evening although they were fairly good earlier. On the 28th there was a marked improve

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will nna for »] Ply \} ind wwe Oe Has stood the test for three years now in fortieth thousand FOURTH EDITION “RADIO THEORY AND OPERATING” 992 Pages 800 Illustrations By Mary Texanna Loomis, President, and Lecturer on Radio, Loomis Radio College Member Institute of Radio Engineers. The 4th edition came from press Sept. Ist. thoroughly revised, enlarged and right down to date, with the price remaining the same—$3.50. This is the first text book or handbook to appear with the new 1929 laws and regulations, new “Q” signals, new 1929 frequency allotments as agreed upon by the International Radio Telegraph Conference of Washington, and with a complete chapter on aircraft radio operating and apparatus. It tells all about “MAYDAY”, the radio telephone distress call, latest types of marine are and tube transmitters, latest types of American and European broadcast receiving apparatus, practical operation of broadcasting stations, with many photographs taken both in Europe and the United States, and the latest and most authoritative information on television and the transmission of still and moving pictures by radio. Also a chapter on radio compass and a sample abstract sheet and directions for handling traffic. For the broadcast service man there is a trouble chart, with many hints gleaned by xperience. And there is considerable information on construction. Historical radio facts of world interest, which have not appeared in other text books, are told in a imple and straightforward manner with absolute proof of their authenticity. Where logic points to the more sensible viewpoint in theory, for instance as in the case of the direction of flow of electric current, the simpler point is chosen, with respect for the views of those who may still prefer to cling to the traditional statement which in the same breath they must admit is contrary to present light on the subject. The book designed to meet all needs of radio students and instructors, on any phase of the ubject. No such comprehensive work has been attempted before or since the compiling of this treatise. An instructor, living constantly in an atmosphere where keeping up to the times is requisite, has given this book to the world,—an instructor who has guided hundreds of young men into successful careers in various branches of the radio field, and with a touch of human sympathy which has made her name known around the world. “Radio Theory and Operating” is now, and has been for some time the standard text book of nearly all the radio schools in this country and Canada; many universities and technical colleges, and all the U. S. Gov’t. army, navy and coast guard radio schools. It is in all the leading public libraries throughout the country and is handled by nearly all leading wholesafe and retail bookdealers in the U. S. and many foreign countries. Beautifully bound in flexible red kraft leather stamped in gold. PRICE: $3.50 POSTAGE PAID Buy of your bookdealer, or send check or money order to LOOMIS PUBLISHING COMPANY DEPT. 5, WASHINGTON, D. C. Say You Saw It in QST--It Identifies You and Helps QST7 59

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RADIO Z TUBES Standard Since 1915 bE

The unprecedented de- mand for Cunningham Radio Tubes is the best indication of their con- stant uniform quality. VW red and sold under rights, patents s owned and/or controlled by R ation of America. E. T. UNNINGHAM, Ine New York Chicago San Francisco

Say You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST ment and signals were apparently good both early and late. Since then conditions have reversed. Sig- nals are now poor in the early evening and better after dark reaching maximum around midnight or one a.m. EST. W1MK reports hearing us with fair audibility around 6 a.m. EST. with sunlight at both ends and in between. Which way did the signals go? Unfortunately the schedules with W2XAU and W8S8Z have fallen through and W1MK is now our only eastern U. S. schedule. Hearty thanks to both RP and FH of W1MK for their hard work in taking our messages. A schedule was made with KDV5 (Canal Zone) but failed immediately. WSBS has only two schedules at present, namely W1IMK and ZL4AO but we expect to make more this month. Calls worked: W3SZ, W3AVL, W2CCD, W2BAV, WIMK, W6BPC, W6CUI, W6AM. W2TY, WS5RG, W8BOY, ZL2GO, ZL4A0O, OA2ZN, KDV5. About 150 messages were handled. We expect to reach Easter Island this week from where we go to Peru. The weather is great and everyone is enjoying the trip. See you all next month. 73. “L.A. Jones, Radio Operator, Yacht Carnegie, WSB WFAT and WFBT Excellent amateur contact was maintained with the Byrd Antarctic Expedition throughout the month. The SS. Eleanor Boling (WFAT) docked at Dunedin, New Zealand, November 17. The high frequency equipment, WFAT, operated by Peterson and engin- eered by Hanson, kept the Boling in communication with all parts of the globe. In addition to keeping the hook clear of messages to and from friends and relatives of those on the expedition, WFAT was in touch with whaling vessels near the Antarctic region. It is understood that ice conditions are unusually bad there this year, heavy pack ice being reported from several locations. In early December, Gifford of WS8AHC was QSO WFAT, then several hundred miles south of Dunedin, and it was reported that the Boling was proceeding to the Ice Barrier with the SS. City of New York (WFBT) in tow. The same amateur stations we mentioned last month are continuing to handle quantities of traffic from WFAT and WFBT. W9BEZ (Wichita, Kansas) worked WFBT from 6.30 to 8 am CST November 12,

W2ALU PERSONNEL W2ALU is owned and operated jointly by Fred Link “BV” (W3&BVA) (left above) and J. B. Knight Jr. “DX” (W4DX) (right) at 583 Riverside Drive, New York City. W2ALU ia one of the princi- pal amateur contact stations handling traffic for the Bryd Antarctic Expedition. The station equipment pictured is that used in the International Relay Con- test in which W2ALU placed second in the U. S. A. handling twenty two messages at this time with only three minor repeats required. Operator Berkner re ported nightly contacts with “hams” in Australia, Africa, and the South Seas with WFBT’s 1 K.W. 8830 ke. (34 meter) set. W3GT (Washington, D. C.) keeps a daily schedule with WFAT at 6.20 am EST. W9EGU (Henning, Minn.) handles regular traffic for the expedition with WFBT daily at 1200 GCT. W2BRB (Brooklyn, N. Y.) keeps daily schedules with WFBT except on Wednes-

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Screen Grid Six Read What They Say About It— Gentlemen: I have had this kit im actual operation for over a month and am astounded with the results. . . Stations which my friends and myself had given up as “lost at sea” have come thru like a ghost from the grave, and dance volume from a loudspeaker from the Pacific coast is a reality instead of a will-o- the-wisp. And—knife-edge selectivity. What a treat! F. Lordan, Galveston, Texas. Gentlemen: On my set, which is a Silver Marshall Screen Grid Six, | am using a loop, it might be interesting to you to know that in testing with the loop for distance this last week Il received (at Rochester, N. Y.) Los Angeles, Hot Springs, Arkansas; Davenport, lowa; Jacksonville, Florida, and Omaha, Nebraska. Clayton R. Bragg, Rochester, N. Y. New Push-Pull Apparatus And now, S-M is glad to announce new super-quality push-pull audio transformers built on the Clough system, all offering curves flat from below 50 cycles to well above 5,000 cycles—transformers that give to “push-pull” a new and really startling significance. And their prices like their quality are unbeatable! The new 257 is a push-pull input type, to operate from one amplifier tube into two 171A, 210, or 250 tubes, and lists at the low price of only $7.00. Type 227 is a push-pull interstage transformer, to feed from two 112A, 226, or 227 tubes into two 112A, 226, 227 or 171A, 210 or 250 tubes, and lists at $8.00. Type 258 tapped output impedance is in- tended to feed from two 171A tubes into any standard speakers. Price $5.00. Type 248 Universal output choke is designed to feed out of two 210 or 250 tubes into one to six or more standard speakers, and is provided with several impedance-matching taps. It will handle over 20 watts without core saturation. Price, 248 open mounted $7.00; or 228 (in same case as 227) $8.00. Remember—S-M_ guarantees these push- pull transformers to have a finer frequency characteristic than any and all competitive types—bar none. SILVER-MARSHALL, Inc., Huge Amplifying Power —250 type tubes, singly or in push-pull, with unbeatable S-M tone quality —built into an existing re- ceiver, or separately for radio and phonograph am- plification —at prices below all petition com —this is the S-M power ampli- fier story! As a separate two-stage amplifier for homes and small theatres, working from radio or phono- graph into a dynamic speaker, using one each ’50, ’26 and ’81 tubes, the S-M 678PD far out- classes, in quality and price, any competitive amplifiers at prices up to double that of the 678PD: WIRED $73; KIT complete $65. For portable use, to cover 2,000-seat or larger auditoriums, or outdoor crowds of up to 15,000, with optional vuice. radio or record input—the S-M 685 three-stage Public-Address Amplifier is ideal. WIRED $160, KIT $125. Conversion of any existing receiver to use 710 or ’50 type power tubes is accomplished with no change of wiring, by using S-M 675ABC power supply which supplies all ABC power for the power tube, and receiver B as well. WIRED, $58; KIT, $54. For large theatres, schools, hospitals, audi- toriums or stadiums the S-M “PA” Rack-and- Panel Amplifiers, consisting of any required num- ber of standard or special unit panels, will provide the finest possible amplification for any desired coverage. The performance of S-M “PA” type amplifiers is unconditionally guaranteed equal or superior to any and all competitive American equipment. Details will be found in the new S-M catalog; use the coupon. S-M 5-Prong Midget Plug-In Coils The new S-M coils are ideal for all short wave set construction. A set of four (131T, 131U, 131V, and 131W, $1.25) used with a -00014 condenser, cov- ers the band from 17.4 to 200 meters. Two coils cover the broad- cast band—131X (190- 350 meters, $1.25,) and 131Y (360-650, $1.50). Unwound coil forms, 130P plain or 130T with 98 threads, 65c eac Are you receiving ““The Radiobuilder’”’ regularly? The coupon will bring a sample copy. 858 W. JACKSON BLVD. U.S.A CHICAGO, - - 685, and 720. Say You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST se ee Silver-Marshall, Inc. 858 W. Jackson, Blvd., Chicago, U. S. A. ...-Send your complete catalog, with sample copy of the Radiobuilder. - For enclosed 10c, send 5 selected Data Sheets, including those on 678PD, Desc ccnevccceccesseseees DI. .ccrtceeecetenesessacusseaane 2

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Are We Right? 4 ‘ should have at least of them---one for complete 1928 file pies, and one for (929 issue as pub- them as a_eunit OST Binder the wire fasteners. ssary to mutilate . Opens and lies flat position One-fifty each postpaid keep your QSTs always tect them for future use. looking binder, too. OST irk St., Hartford, Conn. day and Saturday, handling almost a “boatload” of messages. 14.6 mc. (crystal controlled) is used at W2BRB for this work. WSAHC has reveived 210 messages from WFBT since he started his schedule. While only “42” were received and “14” sent to the expedition in the last month, WFBT is always putting a good signal through, and a bigger quantity of Byrd traffic is expected during the next ‘‘message month.” CPA F. A. Gunther of Radio Engineering Laboratories is on a trip down the west coast of South America stopping at Arica, Chile and continuing to La Paz in Bolivia where he expects to remain approximately four weeks. He will operate a 75-watt high-fre- quency transmitter from that location using the call signal “CPA” and working in the 14,000- and 7,000-ke bands. A 2000-volt generator will be used for plate supply. Schedules have been arranged tentatively with W2BW and W2XV General amateur contact is much desired also. While the frequency of CPA cannot be specified exactly at this writing it will be in the bands mentioned above. Amateurs are requested to look for CPA between six p.m. and mid- night E.S.T. each night during the last half of January and the first half of February sbJTC The American-Brazilian expedition arrived in Rio de Janeiro in late November. Palmer of W2ATZ is the radio operator. sbJTC uses a 500 cycle plate supply and two 210 tubes in a self-rectifying T.P.T.G arrangement adjusted to points near the 14,000 and 7,000 ke. bands. This expedition will return to the U.S.A. next July. Due to the fact that this is a low power expedition station which will doubtless have many operating handicaps if the expedition is on the move, WSCFR and sblIB (our old-reliable GMD traffic circuit) are arranging to handle the bulk of the traffic to and from sbhJTC on recular schedules FR! WHDC Stevens Miranda of Los Angel and Daniel C Blum of Chicago are setting out for a world cruise in their Yacht, the Nomad. Leaving Seattle Wash- ington, in mid-December they will sail to San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Panama, proceeding after a short stay at these ports of call to the South Sea Islands, Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, New Hebrides, the Philippines, Japan, China, and Siam. It is hoped that the yacht may ‘visit ever world seaport and sail every navigable body of water It is planned to maintain communication with the U.S.A. on short waves throuchout the entire trip The hich frequency equipment will operate on 11.100 ke. (27 meters), 9380 ke. (32 meters) and 5770 ke. (approx. 52 meters) for amateur contact work A recular schedule has been arranced with W6EDRO (Hill of Los Anceles) who hopes to maintair communication with WHDC during the entire trip around the wor'd. Miranda is an old ham and Navy operator and will handle WHDC personally. Probably the 9380 ke. frequency will be most used for contact work the first month or two of the trip. Radio re- ports of WHDC's signals may be sent to W6DRO or personal communications sent to Mr. Stevens Miranda, Care Tom Miranda, 343 North Marshfield St.. Los Ange’ Calif KDZ The Wilkins Expedition is in the Antarctic. Several attempts have been made to fly over the pole but Wilkins has been hampered by bad weather. The expedition’s station, KDZ, has maintained contact through the San Francisco Examiner station. KUP. schedules being kept nichtly at 0200 Greenwich. KDZ works on 9700 ke. (31 meters) and is received best on the west coast near sundown (0100 to 0400 Green- wich). KUP works KDZ using 6336 ke. (47 meters) so it seems likely that good amateur signals will break through O.K. at these hours KUP = (the San Francisco Examiner) is now licensed for work on 5585. 63386. 8850. 11170. and 16700 kes. (53.7 47.4 35.9 26.9 and 18 meters). Ship S You Saw It in QST~ It Identifies You and Helps QST The | s Genuln

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,4, ri ews _—— A —— The 8 tube AC Electric SHOWBOX—$80 Genuine Neutrodyne ireuit pull audio amplil ation with two 171 powe ubes on | t st stage Mershor Pproo ' supplying full 18 CONSTANTLY rn illuminated dia tubes, radi letector lio stages and 1 r fer 8 in all)—operatir lyna a type power! eakel table ir I value offs 80 —— —_ ho wl s ive Crosley Battery Type Sets embody superior advantages of new AC models The 6 tube BANDBOX perates the DYNACONE new Crosley dynamik ype s *r $s" t

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CROSLEY POWER DYNACONE “2! gives no condenser trouble rhe higher the voltage the better the reception. Crosley has designed this set to stand maximum power supplied CONTINUOUSLY. Celebrated Mershon Condensers used in the power supply section do NOT BREAK down. If they should be punctured they are self-healing. Paper condensers constantly break down and the only safeguard is to reduce power which reduces enjoyment of your radio. operates power speaker The popular dynamic quality of radio reception is attained in the new power CROSLEY DYNACONE. This speaker like its predecessor has created a tremendous demand becapse of its wonderful performance at so low a price. The range of true notes on this new speaker has been greatly increased over accepted standards -uses famous Neutrodyne circuit This well known and preferred radio circuit is introduced into this inexpensive radio that you may possess the BEST possible apparatus for receiving radio programs. This with other Crosley features permits you a degree of selectivity and sensitivity that many a radio at twice and three times the $65 price of this set will never have. “embodies latest radio improvements THERE Say You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST Modern illuminated dial for dark corners—is easy to read especia'ly these days of hunting about for station reallocations. The rich gold highlighted brown case is both an attractive container and an efficient shield. Everything about this amazing set is NEW, UP-TO-DATE! Enormous demand—mass production —straight line assembly—enables Crosley to top the radio world with this unmatchable value this season! THE CROSLEY RADIO CORPORATION POWEL CROSLEY, JR., Pres Cincinnati, Ohio Prices quoted are without tubes. 7} Montana. Wyoming, Celerado, New Mexieo and West, prices slightly higher. : EY WITH A CROS

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Perform that ‘Adenoid Operation” on Your set! ‘adenoids ”, those inferior trans- h make your set sound as if it were d case of adenoids ... then put in ‘te afflict their p standard of excellence in Audio Transf AmerTran De Luxe. Ever ld talk before and after an adenoid operat if you have, you will appreciate the difference AmerTran transformers will make in any set. - n AmerTran products are built exclusively for the purpose of achieving real- ism in tone. It cannot be done cheaply, or hap- hazardly. AmerTran’s 30 odd radio productsall play their definite part in pro- pa . ducing the finest tone aacmaean , known to Radio. oases en0 Why not perform that “ ade- . noid operation” today? See your dealer or write to us. Ask for Bulletin No. 1084. AMERTRAN AMI \N TRANSFORMER COMPANY Bui Transformers for more than 29 years r st. NEWARK, N. J. ) ¥ a es) Sey You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST operators will be particularly interested to know that press is transmitted from this station daily at 0900 Greenwich on 6336 ke. W6AYC is planning to work up some western traffic routes. Martin will be assisted in this by OM Dann of W6ZX who will pound brass at W6AYC regularly in the future, helping to put this station well up in the B.P.L. Radio operators with the All-American Mohawk Malaysian Expedition to Borneo hope to engage ig general two-way communication with amateur sta- tions in the U. S. A. This expedition is expected to set sail from this country in late December—the call signal, frequency, and hours of operation to be made known at a later date (watch A.R.R.L. and WI1MK official broadcasts). This expedition also hopes to establish radio contact with Byrd's base in the Antarctic according to an exchange of messages with Byrd through W9EDW and W9DDE. W9EGU has handled a bunch of traffic on his regu- lar schedules with WFBT (Byrd's City of New York). Operator Carl Peterson has taken over the night watch at WFBT. Several messages to “Pete's” family in Chicago have been handled and answers relayed back to WFBT with extra-quick amateur radio ser- vice. W9EGU gets the messages from the expedition, passes them to W9BZO on schedule. W9BZO de- livers them by phone and takes the reply which is relayed back over the same route whenever conditions permit. Traffic from the Byrd expedition bound for eastern points is passed along to W9AIN by W9BZO. It will be rem-mbered that W9AIN is one of the mainstays of W3ZF’s “20th Century Limited” traffic route so that the traffic for New York and way points is expeditiously handled and “beats the mail” by some days in every case. eee VE5GT The main amateur contact station for the Stoll- McCracken Expedition (VOQ) of 1928. A full report of the excellent work of this station appeared in December QST (page V). Two 852’s are used at VE5GT with a 1,000 volt motor generator for plate supply. Over 11,000 words of traffic were handled between VOQ and VE5GT! cx 2a vog Our article on VOQ Contact mentioned the work of W6JU, the station of the San Mateo Jr. College Radio Club, briefly. We are indebted to Mr. F. E. Emerson, now president of this organization of amateurs, for more complete details of the VOQ- W6JU work. For nearly two months W6JU handled VOQ’s traffic on nightly schedules. Mr. W. H. Me- Aulay of W6CLO operated W6JU and was principally responsible for the excellent contact that was main- tained. Press handles with VOQ was sent to and from New York via Western Union. Dozens of per- sonal messages were handled. McAulay did all this work while college was in session—even during “final exams”! When summer vacation came along and it became necessary to close the station, W6JU was instrumental in getting the traffic routed reliably over the VOQ-VE5GT route. Fi C the | refe the mul Her acti find or can idea prac QS1 Rela ions for if n Q gest to bk mos gett port traf cur QsI WF nati be, have of 1 exal lar stat TAI stat the Cw a a ly, sche

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the rn ill ys 1s ee ae. oe SSS SS + oe tS toe Finding Stations to QSP Reliably FTEN it is necessary to find stations to relay O traffic of importance to or toward its destination. Cy Barker of W9EGU suggests to the gang that the best record of the “standing” of various stations is ref¢rence to our official records of traffic activity in the Divisional and Sectional Reports in the Com- munications Department pages of the latest QST. Here at Headquarters also, we have reference to the activity reports a great many times each month in finding stations for particular work where a record or “recommendation of reliability’ is essential. We ean back W9EGU's suggestion and state that the idea of referring to these reports has proved both practical and convenient. Our monthly reports in QST constitute a regular twelve-times-a-year Official Relay Station list, up-to-date with changes and addi- ions and showing the standing of different stations for a given month or over longer periods of time if more copies of QST are examined. Quoting from Barker's letter containing this sug- gestion, “I find that the reports in QST are proving to be a most accurate one as to the stations that are most consistent and reliable. The traffic which I am getting from WFBT is what we may term ‘im- portant’ traffic and therefore, the routing of such traffic must be given every consideration for ac- curacy, reliability in handling, and promptness in QSP and deliveries. While the texts of some of our WFBT messages are oftentimes of a casual, friendly, nature, they are as important as any messages can be, meaning all the world to the addressees, as have found from letters received in acknowledgment of my handling of these messages. Just to give one example of finding a reliable QSP-point. I had regu- lar traffic for Chicago and desired to find a reliable station working on the 7000 ke. band for a CER- TAIN, SURE QSP. After listening and copying stations working on the 7000 kc. band, reference to the C.D. of QST proved that one of the stations heard (W9BZO) kept schedules and that he was handling a good number of messages right along. Consequent- ly, I got in touch with him, and now have a good schedule with him, and all traffic is handled right.” me - 28 mc. HERE is little that can be added to the exceilent results that were reported last month, Plenty of “general” two-way communication on 28 me. with perfectly ordinary equipment seems to indicate continued favorable conditions. Let us hope that these conditions may be maintained throughout several months-of each year so that 28mc. operation with much enjoyment and some degree of reliability will help to relieve the threatened congestion on other amateur bands. Two-way communication is what really counts, and continued experimenting to this end should show profitable results. In spite of the fact that solid two-way contacts have been established on several occasions between England and the U. S. A. and also between New Zealand and the United States, much yet remains to be established regarding the consistency of com- munication, and the seasonal and other variations which may be expected. It is hardly safe to make declarations and predictions as to the future until results of experimenting through a number of years are available. Most of our reports for this column were turned over to QST’s editorial department this month for consideration in connection with the more detailed treatment of the subject of 28 mc. or ten- meter work which appears elsewhere in this issue. As this form of QST closes approximately one week nearer the date of publication than our other read- ing forms, recent and additional reports received too late for consideration by the editorial department will be included here as usual. In the future we shall probably have to shorten our 28mc. report, in- cluding only unusual results or those which point to some definite conclusions of value to al] amateurs, as with the recent and continued favorable conditions many more reports are received of two-way com- munication than can possibly be used in our limited space here. Such things as the work between ZL2AC and W6UF—or that of G2OD and WIAQD (these re- ported last month) should be reported in detail to this department and especially such work as results in individual conclusions or respecting unusual results with “different” than ordinary equipment. A report received from Mr. T. A. Iserbyt (Thorn- ton Heath, Surrey, Eng.), BRS25 in early December regarding the reception of 28 mc. signals on Novem- ber 18, listed W2BJV, W2ACN, W2BG, W1XAM, and W5WZ as “heard” at various times between 1353 and 1642 Greenwich. QS T FOR JANUARY 1929 _Mr. T. P. Allen who conducts the R. S. G. B. Contact Bureau from Belfast, North Ireland, says, “Several of our stations are now getting across the pond every Sunday afternoon, G2ZOD, G6LL, G2KF, GWI17C, G6YQ, G5VL, GW18B and G2FN have been QSO your stations, GW17C, G6YQ, GW18B and G2FN with less than ten watts input! G2FN has worked the sixth district twice om eight watts input and W2JN has heard G6DH with three watts input. I just received word today that G6WT heard oa2AZ calling CQ on October 28th. I have received WIBLV, W1CH, WIBSU, W2BAC, W2BJV, W2CDR, W8CPR, W9BGQ and K4AGF all at very good strength on 28 me. (Possibly one or two of these were harmonic instead of 28 mec. transmissions.— F. E. H.) Our stations are on the air every Sunday afternoon and looking for W men. We don’t seem to hear any W stations during the week, but if you can get some to do transmitting on week days, our boys will look for them.” On December second W2BRB worked W6UF and W9EVC when the railroad induction let up. Kimmel of W2ACN writes as follows, “In the future I shall be on 30 me. for further experimentation. I guess the job is nearly finished as far as opening up the 30 mc. band goes, so this will be my last report ex- cept in case of something unusual. I have cards or reports of my 30 me. signals from England, Ireland, France, and two ships, one 4,000 miles east of New York, and the other 6,500 miles west of New York in the Pacific. November 11 I heard G6LL calling W2JN (9.30 am), also copied VE4CT at noon. At 2.15 pm EST W2TP called me and reported that EO18B was calling me. Shortly after this I was QSO W6DWP. On November 18 W6JU and W6TS were worked and they came in better than anything I have heard on 14 me. for some time. EOI17C ealled me but I didn’t QSO at the time. On Novem- ber 25 conditions were temporarily bad and only the locals came through. On December 2 at 9.20 am I copied ef8CT working W2JN and at 9.45 am I work- ed ef8CT for twenty minutes, this being my first foreign QSO in the 28 mc. band.” John Reinartz of W1XAM has been doing a lot of 28 mc. experimenting recently, sending us a num- ber of good logs of the work carried out. Un- fortunately we have only the most recent report at hand. On December second WIXAM worked G5VL and heard W50M, W5WZ, efS8CT, G6LL and PCRR. Briggs of WIBVL says, “During October and No- vember 28 mec. signals have been copied nearly every Sunday—those from W6UF being the most consistent, W6UF and W5WZ have been heard here an hour after sunset. Cloudy or rainy weather does not seem to affect signals from a distance. On October 28 both G2FN and W6UF were heard during their QSO. A detector and one-step a. f. with tube-base coils has been used and sometimes the signals are R7. W1BJD, WiCCZ, W50M, W5WZ, W5AFB, W6UF, W6BAX, W9BHB, W9EHO, K4AGF, VEACT, and G2FN have been copied at various times.” W6AM worked on 28 mc. most of the day or No- vember 25. W6TS and W9FHS were R5 and R6 at intervals all day. W9CXX was R9, W6JU R3, and W5WZ was R8 around 9 am PST, having a splendid d.c. note. W9EF and W6AM were QSO from 1.15 until 1.45 pm PST when both faded below the noise level of power leaks and automobiles. oa5CM re- ported that oa3CW had copied W6TS on 28 mc. one Sunday at 1600 GCT. W6AM made some 28 me. schedules with oa5CM. ooBAM also reported that he would be joining the “gang” on 28 mc. in the near future. W6EA passed three messages for the “east” along through W9DGZ on 28 me. recently, the messages originating in the Philippines. W6EA has worked W9DGZ, W6DOW and W7ACY on this frequency also and been reported by W4ACT, W9EJQ, W9BGQ and WSDED. W2AER reports Dec. 2nd hearing ef8Ct, R7, 20 cycles a.c.; G5SML, R6 d.c.; G5VL, R6 rac.; G6LL, R6-7 d.c.; GSYK, R6 d.c.; G2ZOD, R7 d.c.; G6YQ, R4 d.c.; W5WZ, R6 a.c. oo ______ Official Broadcasting Stations CHANGES AND ADDITIONS (Lecal Standard Time) WIATJ 3950 ke. (75.90 m.) Mon. Wed. Fri. 6:80 pm; WI1ANH Tues., Thurs., Sat. 7 pm; WIALO 3500 ke. Mon., Wed., Fri. 7 pm; W6ABK 7890 kc. (38 m.) Mon. and Wed. 6 pm; W6ASM 7950 ke. (87.7 m.) Tues. and Fri. 7 pm; W6BZR 7068 kc. (42.4 m.) Mon. 6 pm and 14,285 ke. (19.9 m.) Wed. and Sat. 6 pm; W7AAT 7550 ke. (39.7 m.) 4 pm daily except Sun., 7140 ke. (42. m.) and 8650 ke. (82.14 m.) 11 pm daily except Sunday. W9EDD 7380 ke. (40.6 m.) Tues., Thurs., Fri. 5 pm. I

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WI1MK iquarters Station WIMK operates Heat of 3575 ke. and 7150 ke. Robert Pa RP” is the chief operator; his fist is fan most of the amateur fraternity. Occasion- : mbers of the Headquarters staff operate at Wi) ir personal signs may be found in the QRA cated immediately after the Ham-Ads notice time will be given as East- ime, which is also known as “75th Zone Plus 5” time. 1ND SPECIAL BROADCASTS are uusly on 3575 ke. and 7150 ke. at the Sun., Mon., Tues., Thurs., and Fri. Mon. and Fri. midnight): Sun., Tues., and Thurs. OPERATION periods have been ar- everyone who has the desire, to com- A. R. R. L. Headquarters. These have been arranged so that they official broadcast. They are listed headings of 3500 ke. and 7000 kc., vether the watch is devoted to listen- r the 40-meter band. 9:00 p. m. on Sun., Mon., Tues., » 11:00 p. m. on Tues. and Thurs. fore these periods). 1:00 a. m. (or later) on Sunday m.) 11.00 p. m. on Sun., Mon., and Fri 1:00 a. m. on the following nights morning of the day following) : M and Fri. (Only on Tues. and OBC precede these periods). re kept with the following listed h any of which traffic will travel 4. R. R. L. Headquarters. The fre- thin parenthesis indicates the band lividual station keeps the schedule Ww line. Mass. (3500) W t Maine (3500) W ‘ rt, R. I. (3500) W ige, Mass (3500) Ww n, Conn. (3500) \ Claire, Quebec (7000) Ww y City, N. J. (3500) Antonio, Jamaica, B. W. I. (7000) W nor Island, New York Harbor (3500) Ww : Md. (3500) W phia, Penna. (3500) Ww Penna. (3500) Ww S. C. (7000) W Texas (7000) Ww Calif. (7000) W Wash (7000) W : Penna. (3500) W N. Y¥. (3500) W Ohio (3500) Ww Mich. (3500) W Mich (3500) W x Ill (7000) W M lowa (7000) W (3500) W City. Kans (7000) \ . Ky (3500) Ontario (5720 ke.) W Minn. (7000) ‘ ner (9090 ke.) lraffic Briefs With our 1929 bands the wmitters just where we want narrow limits will be important. W hat a setting to a few kes. per ble with a carefully and sturdily meter of the monitor box type, : tandard frequency and “marker” I mber of the Electrical World we that, “a new line of resonant-cir- in which full scale range may ve ale cycle per second ” has been dev f the targer manufacturers. A rey lopment it would seem—and just the l ) perhaps Alack! and alas. At the rticle comes disillusionment. The rang pecifically given as from 59.5 to an W9AGS the amateur station of the Lane Technica! High School of Chicago, Illinois, is offering as a trophy to the first station worked in each district and country after the first year, a large cast aluminum Indian head, which may be decorated in colors and which is a very attractive ornament for the wall. The heads are ten inches high and stand out several inches from the wall. W9AGS uses pure d.c. and works on 3500, 7000 and 14000 ke. bands. The only conditions are that two-way QSO be established, that the distant station get the personal sine of the operator at W9AGS and confirm it by a QSL-card with all details. This offer becomes effective Jan. 1, 1929. The Indian heads will be mailed postage pre- paid to the lucky “first” stations, and all other stations will get one of the hand-painted QSL cards, drawn and decorated by the art department of the school. W9AGS is on the air Monday to Friday in- clusive from 8 am to 4 pm CST as well as several nights a week. At a recent meeting of the Hackensack Radio As- sociation a cup was presented by that organization to Paul C. Oscanyan, Jr. While operating nx1XL Oscanyan “met” Miss Astrid Funder, who at that time was operating the Danish Government Motor- ship Disko. The romance proceeded by radio; and now we must call Miss Funder, Mrs. Paul C. Oscanyan, Jr. Radio has played the role of Cupid more than once! Ne8WG in Labrador will be operated all winter on approximately 14,300 ke. W3RA keeps a schedule at 6:15 p.m. E.S.T. with ne8 WG. When two stowaways were discovered on Byrd's ship, the C. A. Larsen, a message was transmitted to the San Francisco Examiner station via ARDI and WFBT. The Examiner station, unable to QSO Los Angeles, the destination of the message, gave it to W7AAT, who got it through that night. Another ease of somebody being on the job Hurrah!!! ARMY-AMATEUR NOTES IRST CORPS AREA: We are pleased to F announce that Davis S. lkoyden, formerly Ist Lieut. Sig. Res., Radio Advisor on Amateur Matters to the First Corps Area Signal Officer, has been promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Signal Corps Branch, and appointed Division Signal Officer, 26th Division, Massachusetts National Guard. This appointment makes him a member of Major General Alfred P. Foote’s Special! Staff. W1SL and WIWF will continue to function with more pep than ever. SECOND CORPS AREA: Western N. Y. State Net: WSAFG finally erected his antenna and is back on the Net schedules. WSAHC, WSBFG and WSAHK continue as the active stations in this Net. WSCVJ acted as N. C. S. for one schedule when WSDME was away. Army-amateur stations are needed in Buffalo, Rochester, and in northern part of N. Y. state. Interested amateurs should address their QSL cards to W2PF. Eastern New York State Net: W2KR reports all County Net Control stations functioning excellently. W2BGB and W2ANV handle the traffic for the northern part of this Net in good shape. W2BGO is a new station in the Manhattan Net. W2AGS is acting as N. C. S. for King’s County Net as W2AND is busy with work tem- porarily. More activity is desired from the Long Island Net. New Jersey State Net: W2AOS is the acting N. C. S. and will continue if W2CP doesn’t return. W30H is a new station in Burlington County Net. W3ZI, W3ATJ, W2AT and W2AOP are keeping the weekly schedules for their respective Nets. Additional stations are needed for N. J. and Delaware Nets and those interested should communi- cate with W2PF. W2SC, the Corps Area N. C. S&S., located at Bedloes Island, N. Y. Harbor, handled over 1000 messages last month by having schedules with stations in every district. W2PF will alternate with W2SC in keeping the weekly Monday night schedules. The monthly meeting of the Army-Amateur Nets and the Hudson Division A. R. R. L. at the Army Bldg. on Dec. 3rd was given over to the Navy. Ensign B. J. Fuld, W2BEG, of the Naval Reserve, arranged an interesting exhibition of motion pictures depicting the Navy in action on, under and over the sea. Talks on the Navy radio compass, radio procedure, ete. were given by men from the Third Naval District Communication Office. QS T FOR JANUARY 1929 204 us mo wo (ea sta dec na in: an no In co be bo eee a °

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nd ew ae FFT TRAFFIC BRIEFS In our October issue W6EC was credited as the station which cleared the frequency of KHAB, the Southern Cross, of QRM during the recent memorable flight to Australia. Recently we have learned that W7EK also did the same service, but at a different time during the flight. FB, OM’s! ! W5AAE, W5AIR, W5LC, W5LP, W6EOM, W8VH, W9DI, W9CAA, W9DHM, W9DKM, W9EPX, W9FBF, W9FSI, W9FU, W9QY, W9SO and W9ZK are aill equipped to work on 1750 ke. (160-meters). Some of these stations are doing excellent two-way work over surprising distances. Others are especially in- terested in working “new” hams who have just got- ten on the air (especially W6EOM, 1715 kc, Ocean- side, Calif.) and still others send broadcasts of code practise material to beginners using code and phone in the 1750 ke. band. We should be interested in hearing from every station working on this band as to what results are being obtained—-so we can pass the information along to others who may be interested. Since the canning season in Alaska is over the Alaskan schedule proposition is not so prosperous. Ve are proud to announce, however, that W6DFW still keeps a good one going with K7ABE. Whoops! ! A survey taken some time ago disclosed the fact that most broadcasting stations are manned by amateur radio men. Further disclosures reveal the National Biscuit Chewers (NBC) of the Blue and Red Networks. It is understood that “CQ NBC” is the general call of the order on the 7000 ke. band. The slogan is “We are the crack operators of the cracker gang’’; the motto is “‘Uneeda’’. Everybody is invited to QSO, whether belonging to the NBC gang or not. Familiar calls in the mem- bership are: W2VI (Cliff Himoe, ex-WNP, now WEAF); W2KP (Hagmann. WJZ); W2SJ (Strong, WGY); WSABX (Long, WHAM), WS8BRD; and WSBEN. Schedules and good operating practices with break-in are the general dictum of the or- ganization. Members are eligibie whether of the 204A or the 210 classification. Oa5CM, QSO with W1MK the other morning, told us that the Australian “5's” were staging a three- month contest in which each participating station would attempt to work as many continents as he can. At the end the number of QSO’s will be counted up (each continent counting so many points), and the station having the largest number of points will be declared the winner. The prize is an engraved shield. The gang at HQ were recently visited by K7AD of Big Port Walter, Alaska, and W7PT of Torrington, Wyoming. Both K7AD and W7PT had come around from Seattle via the Panama Canal, on board ship as operators “ “I have become aflfiliated with the ‘Anti-Bunk’ party,” say WY9CZC, Route Manager for Iowa. “After thinking over its platform, it seems to me that it is a long step forward. In an endeavor to discard bunk, this noble group, under the able leader- ship of Will Rogers, believes in being perfectly natural and in telling the truth. “Why can’t we adopt this platform in radio? For instance, instead of asking for a QTA (1928 style) and blaming the weather or local interference, why not say: ‘Your fist is bum at that speed; your spac- ing is rotten; your signals are wobbly; and I can’t copy that fast anyway—please slow down.’ It will be much easier to weed out troubles and faults if both parties concerned know what is wrong.” 4 football game between the high schools of Nashua and Concord, N. H., was reported by amateur radio through WIAFD, WITA, and WIAUE. WI1AFD was located at the field. WITA, located a mile away, received the reports from the portable transmitter, and relayed them to WIAUFE in Nashua, the game being played in Concord. Fine work, fellows!! Some very praiseworthy work is being done by W6U0, W6LB, and W6CHG in the mountains of Nevada, in handling reports on road conditions over the difficult mountain-passes. The reports are given to the Nevada Automobile Association at Reno, for the benefit of tourists. Good Work, OM’s!! Canadian QSO’s are not difficult at all if you will only listen for the Canucks on their own special fre- quency of 5720 kc. W5AMO, SCM of Oklahoma, says QS T FOR JANUARY 1929 BRASS POUNDERS’ LEAGUE Call Orig. Del. Rel. Total w2sc 225 76 706 1007 WI1IMK 154 154 428 736 W7AAT 235 56 438 729 op1HR 270 145 306 721 W3ZF 14 118 428 560 W6CHA 30 52 330 412 WSEDW 21 42 339 402 W9AIN* 28 37 336 401 WwéAMM 107 233 34 374 W9AYK 29 3 320 352 W7MF 11 8 300 319 w7Jc 160 137 18 315 W9DAE 15 36 261 312 KIPW 116 43 137 296 W8XE 72 20 192 284 wsDGW 4 9 268 281 W9RR 131 56 84 271 W9CET 93 46 129 268 WsDBM 52 18 176 246 W3AKB 22 48 175 245 WsCMB 40 30 170 240 Ww3QpP 38 40 154 232 WIBLV 51 25 154 230 wica@ 16 15 191 222 WwscCNO 44 14 160 218 wspDIil 98 39 72 209 W7ABB 58 27 124 209 W9DLD 19 19 168 206 W9BCA 38 54 112 204 WI1ACH 7 63 69 202 WIAAW 16 29 157 202 W6EC 23 148 13 184 W2APV 38 116 se 154 W9FAM 14 4 128 146 Ww9CRD 7 56 78 141 WIBNS 41 54 41 136 wiwyv 59 64 s 131 W2AVP 15 97 16 128 WIKY 20 58 40 118 WIBIG 33 63 12 108 W4AAIll 19 55 6 80 *W9AIN was omitted from last month’s BPL by error. Figures were 31, 23, 386, 440. Pending receipt of the official count of WSCHC’s messages from his Section Manager, we tentatively list W2SC as holding first place in the B.P.L. W1IMK, W7AAT, and oplHR also handled over seven hundred messages. W3ZF handled over five hundred in the “Twentieth Century” chain to Chicago. All these stations appearing in the Brass Pounders’ League are noted for their con- sistent schedule-keeping and reliable message- handling work in amateur radio. Special credit should be given the following stations responsible for over one hundred DELIVERIES in the message month: W6AMM, WI1MK, W6EC, oplHR, W7JC, W3ZF, W2APV. Deliveries count! A total of 200 or more bona fide messages handled and counted in accordance with A.R. R.L. practice, or just 50 or more deliveries will put you in line for a place in the B.P.L. Why not make more schedules with the reliable stations you hear and take steps to handle the traffic that will qualify you for B.P.L. membership also! “I have been doing a little work with the Canadian amateurs lately on 5720 ke. There are some mighty good QSO’s waiting for the U. S. hams. The Can adians’ frequency is apparently better than our 7000 ke. band, as there is an absence of fading that 7000 is so famous for here lately.” Do you want to know how to work the Canadians? Yes? Then read the Traffic Brief on page VIII of December QST. It tells all about it. A mistake in the Navy Day ratings was disclosed recently after W3ZF and W38CFG had written in re- questing a check on their standing as revealed in the list which appeared in December QST. Upon investi- gation it was discovered that several stations that are listed in the vicinity of W3ZF and W8CFG in the list were accidentally given that location and should be included near the top of the list. Our sincere apologies are offered for this most regrettable error. No mistakes were made in the selection of the highest ten competing stations, however. Ill

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TRAFFIC BRIEFS Amateur Radio Asso- won't have to starve! directional CQ. ed the message to WSAKV who iblications containing excellent and library may be obtained for a nominal sum from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washing- ton, D. C. Here is a list of four such publications, and the price of each: The International Radiotelegraph Convention (Washington, 1927) (English translation) ... 40c ZO ERED BOE GE TOE ccccscccusccscasccsscees Be Amateur Radio Stations of the United States Pe Gee néipusncdanedhceskundssccuensseenes 25c Commercial and Government Radio Stations of the U. &. (mew Mat) cecccccccccccccccccccces 15c A complete list of the new Q signals and miscell- aneous abbreviations appears in these two latter pub- lications. The classification of amateur calls under the headings of cities and states in addition to the usual arrangement, makes the 25-cent publication particularly useful for reference in routing traffic or planning visits to amateur stations when traveling about the country. DIVISIONAL REPORTS PENNSYLVANIA—SCM, with eight schedules, with a total that ap- The notices read free to all parts of the globe.” the west coast receiving medical Brazilian-American is putting up a new antenna WS8CJJ is brass pounding rood work, especially in important WSDGG and WS8AJE are taking a portable trans- Radio Club had : and distributed litera- amateurs’ usefulness in emergen- -— 1 = he —— »ld-fashioned hamfest at the f their regular monthly meeting station of the SCM, -~ W3TR maintains nightly at the Academy W3GT reports the arrival | number of stations. W3ASO maintains a sked reports consistent communica- coast and Europe. 1438, W8TR 19, WS38APX 1. 12, W3AJH 3, WS3BWT 41, W38ASO 31, W3AHP JERSEY—SCM, M. J. Lotysh, W38CFG—W3CFG again leads the section but evening work gouged his total badly. W3GFG’s 3500 ke. sig- nals were reported by ships in Europe, 2200 miles southeast of Brazil and 2100 miles south of Los Angeles. Who said 3500 ke. is no good for DX? W3BWJ is all rebuilt but has little time to operate set. Tough luck, OM, as this section needs you badly. W3ARR and W3AWQ, both new-comers, turn in nice initial reports and show promise of future ORS material. The SCM fixed W3ATJ up with antenna dope and now he works all districts. W3ARC is still busy servicing but expects to be with us again after the holidays. FB. The Princeton Univ. club station, W3DH was lost when the School of Science Bldg. burned to the ground. WS3BEI lights up his house every time he hits the key. W3KJ, W3SJ, and W3BSD’s ORS appointments were suspended for not reporting since last spring. This was tolerated due to summer slump but another failure will mean can- cellation. W3AOC expects to resume activity soon. You ORS are again warned of the 5 message mini- mum taking effect Jan. 1. The next report will find us in the throes of QRM and lid stations on all bands, and the only solution will be skeds. A pros- perous holiday season to all. Traffic: W3CFG 102, W3ARC 27, W3ARN 12, W3BWJ 16, W3ARR 6, W3ATJ 8, W3AWQ 8. WESTERN NEW YORK-—SCM, C. S. Taylor, WS8PJ—WSABX is back again with schedules and traffic. WSAKZ has been trying out current feed Hertz and has a couple skeds. WS8ANX states his station will be on shortly. WS8AVS of Homer, N. Y. is handling a few messages. WSBBP has a good traffic report this month. WSBFG wins the booby prize this month with one message handled. WS8BJO went hunting and from his report, says “Dears are better to him than Deer.”” WSBLP will open up again about Jan. 20 for traffic and schedules WSBLV worked 7th district on a UX210 and handled fair traffic. WS8BUP worked the 6th dist. WS8CPC worked Texas and has a few schedules and fair traffic. W8CNT handled a few. WS8CWS states that many of the gang are shirking on schedules. WS8CVJ is working foreigners again. WS8DII has a bunch of schedules and traffic. He worked the Panama Canal Zone and made the BPL twice over this month. WS8DME has a bunch of skeds. He has been appointed a Naval Net station for Central New York. WS8DSP is now in Syracuse and has many skeds. WSDUP has handled a few msgs. this month. WS8FC has several skeds and has been handling good traffic. From the reports, it looks as if the gang are re- vamping everything in the ham field. January should bring out some mighty fine transmitters and receivers. Traffic: WSABX 11, WSAKZ 11, WS8AVS 5, WSBBP 47, WSBFG 1, WS8BGO 30, WS8BLV 48, WSBUP 6, WSCPC 38, WSCNT 30, W8CSW 11, WS8CVJ 31, WS8DII 209, WSDME 21, WS8DSP 10, W8DUP 8 WS8PJ 9. EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA—SCM, J. B. Mor- gan, 2nd, W3QP—W3ZF is shouting for more traf- fic and with a total like this month’s! WSWJ is doing some very steady work even in the face of somewhat irregular schedules and illness at home. FB, George. WS8QP is going off the air for sev- eral months on account of business pressure. W3AKB has a method for making the BPL in a week or less. Fran certainly has one fine bunch of schedules and keeps them with NAA precision. The crystal is finally working well at WS8AVK after all these QS T FOR JANUARY 1929 os =ro Dp —~- Af heat w oS ~~

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nt g- lOc oc OC 1]. ib- ler he on or ng 1g g- es os te in years! School work still jamming up W3ADE. Two new MO-PA sets for 3500 and 700 are working at W3ANS. Joe says he is out for lots of schedules now. Wonder if he can work a sked on each set at the same time. Hi. W8SM, our old reliable, Bob Adams, is back with us again after eight month’s silence. This time it’s with an excellent phone rig on which he handles all his traffic. Wel- come home again, OT. W3RA says he has a new MO-PA set going well and DX and traffic good. W8MQ reports a poor month but seems to have collected some traffic somehow. “W3CDS has sev- eral schedules doing nicely and shows nice im- provement in traffic. Everything rosy at W8SAWO. W3AHZ trying to clear up his RAC note for 1929 use. Don’t forget to do this fellows, it’s impor- tant. W8DHT has been very busy with his job leaving little time to operate. WS8AWO is installing an 852. Now watch Johnny step out. Traffic: WS8ZF 560, WS3AKD 245, W3QP_ 2382, WsMQ 170, W8SWJ 109, WS8AVK 88, W3ADE 78, W8AWO 56, W3SM 52, W8CDS 44, W3RA 28, W8DHT 12, W3BFL 9, W8CWO 5, W3ANS 4. W3AHZ 8. CENTRAL DIVISION HIO—SCM, H. C. Storck, W8SBYN—Well, gang, O the good radio weather is here. Let’s get on our tees and do things. W8CMB and WSDBM nearly tied this time. WS8DBM leads as per usual. His call will be WS8JA from now on. WSCNO made the BPL again and is happy. She was on only three weeks at that. Is now rebuilding for 1929. W8CAU turns in a nice total this time and says they are just hitting their stride now. WSCFL has a tube rectifier now. WSBBR is still bothered with power leaks and X-ray QRM. WSAPB has a new mercury arc. W9CRI is operating from WS8AVT and WS8AEL for a while. W8DDK is still experi- menting but turns in a good total. WS8BAU has been spending his time grinding crystals. WS8BOR eems to be rebuilding extensively. WS8DVL has out- grown his transmitter and is rebuilding. W8AQU has been on 14,000 mostly. WSDDF is very QRW school. WSADS is trying out 3500 ke. WS8CSS is operat- ing with a crystal on 7144 ke. WS8CXD has been transferred to Akron and will start up there. WSAYO is keeping schedule with se-2EA and nh- 1UG. WSCFT’s outstanding accomplishment this month has been to work several Australian YLs. Hi. WS8BAC has his 852 on 8500 now. WS8BYB is on 56 mec. with automatic transmitter and wants re- ports WSCWC is back with us again. WSDMX is now on air with two 50 watters. WSCCS reports. WSDIH neglects his station to run WSDDQ. W8CNU has been rebuilding. WSARW is moving his set. W80Q and WS8DTC report. WS8DDQ has a new op. WS8RN is coming back from “commercial land” and will be with us soon again. WS8AQ is ex- W1AAC and has located in this section. Welcome, OM. WS8EJ has been very QRW. There have been numerous complaints about stations handling dead traffic unashamedly and counting same. Let’s not be guilty of such flagrant violations of the ORS code OMs. A merry Xmas and prosperous New Year to you all. Traffic: WSDBM 246, W8CMB 240, WSCNO 218, WSCAU 145, WS8BYN 110, WSCFL 91, WSBBR 71, WSAPB 65, WSCRI 61, WSDDK 59, WSBAU 58, WSBOR 47, W8DVL 40, W8AQU 40, W8DDF 21, WS8ADS 19, WS8CSS 19, WSCXD 17, WSAYO 16, WSCFT 16, WSBAC 14, WSBYB 14, WS8CWC 13, W8&DMX 11, WSCCS 9, WSDIH 7, WS8CNU 5, W8SARW 8, WS8O0Q 3, WS8DTC 3, WSDDQ 2, W8GL 2, WSDSY 2, W8DIA 1. INDIANA—SCM, D. J. Angus, W9CYQ—W9AIN again leads the state. As soon as his crystal is going, he should raise that total. J. R. Freyermuth, W9BBJ, reports that the amateurs at Purdue Univ. have in operation a complete new amateur station in a club house building of their own and operat- ing under the call W9CMV. They are operating on the 14,000 ke., 7000 and 3500 ke. bands. A 24-hour watch is kept. WSDPV is on again using 14,000 and 7000 ke. W9ASX is going to put in new 210’s as soon as Santa brings them. W9EVA is having unusually good success with that new volt- age feed antenna he recently put in. W9FZQ is a new station at LaPorte with a 210 and a new stick. The Television Club at South Bend are not yet seeing very much. W9GBF has a transmitter in his room at Purdue and handles traffic for the Indianapolis gang there (mainly requests for cash from home). W9BZZ is doing some good DX work on 7140 ke. W9EF just marked up his 42nd coun- try. He is our pride and joy so far as DX is con- QS T FOR JANUARY 1929 cerned. Also he has been doing very good work on 28,000 ke. W9ETA is going big on 14,000 ke. W9EXW has regular skeds with nn-INIC. W9FBY is putting in a new 50 watt, 1929 transmitter. The Indianapolis Radio Club are nicely located in their new quarters at 460 Century Bldg, and are now putting in a short wave receiver loaned by W9CYQ. They will start a code class December 7th, to last all winter. W9FCW is now plugging along in double harness. W9FCX rebuilt his transmitter and is now on the air again. W9FQ hit the ball with some traffic. Traffic: W9AIN 401, W9GLO 19, W9EF 45, W9BZZ 22, W9GBF 20, W9ASX 47, W9EKW 55, W9EEY 32, W9EPH 4, W9CMQ 16, W9FCG 7, W9AEB 2, W9EVA 31, W9EXW 23, W9DSC 21, W9FQ 44. KENTUCKY—SCM, J. B. Wathen, III, W9BAZ— Believe it or not, but a Ky. station has made the BPL. Old W9CRD is the prize baby. Give the lad credit—then “go thou and do likewise’. W9ACS reports results FB with his transmitter. W9KZ is still having trouble getting his arc to perk. W9BAZ sports a new receiver. Look out, Asia. W9OX also has a new one. W9JL took a WFBT message. W9ENR still sticking on 14,000. W9CEE is get- ting high hat, moving his outfit to top of 11 floor bldg. W9AUH, W9AZY and W9FBV have picked new locations, hoping for the best. W9FQN says his location is terrible, but he was heard in France. W9MN is still busy with WHAS. W9BGA has his eye on 28 mc. School causes W9CRJ no little QRM W9BAN reports new house almost completed. Will be on the air shortly. Best wishes, OM. Let it be said here and now that reports from non-ORS shall receive as much credit in this Section’s space as they deserve. Get them in as soon after the 24th as possible. Take a tip and get those traffic totals up. A prize is coming, starting with the new year. Merry Xmas and good DX to all the gang. Traffic: W9CRD 141, W9ACS 50, W9BAZ 19, ws0x 17, W9JL 14, W9ENR 12, W9CEE 11, W9SCRJ 10, W9MN 38, W9BGA 2. MICHIGAN—SCM, Dallas Wise, W8CEP—WS8BCI is back on the air again with a UX-250 and han- died a nice bunch of traffic. WS8BV who is old 8CP of Holland is now working on 14 me. and 7000 ke. and hopes to be on 3500 ke. soon. WSCAT has been trying out a 3500 ke. phone. WS8BGY now has two UX-210’s perking due to one of the contests at the Grand Rapids hamfest. WSCED says he had the poorest month ever on 14,000 ke. not hearing any OA or OZ stations. W9CE was QRW on a hunting trip. W9CSI intends going to Detroit to work. WS8DVA handled fifteen messages with a 201A. WS8DCW lost both the big masts but keeps on the air with a temporary antenna system. WS8CWN has been doing broadcast service work. Look out we don’t lose you, OM. WSDYH is going to install an outdoor antenna in hopes of improv- ing his traffic total, WS8DSF is experimenting with a Zepp antenna on 14,000 ke. WSBRS had a write- up in the paper and is getting quite notorious WS8CFM handled a msg from WFBT for Houghton, Mich. WS8BAX is QRW helping care for a new Op. WSACB has been helping get the Cass High transmitter in shape, their call being WS8VH. WS8AUB recovered enough from the Hamfest to send in a report and wants a QSO party every month. WSAVO of Eaton Rapids, ex-8BUD and ex-9CLP, is back with us again after three years’ absence. WSDKX still has the xtal outfit perking and worked ten stations during the QSO party. He is quite active in the USDA Net, too. W8CU put up a new Zepp and now gets all R7 to R9 reports. WSAMS worked W8DKX on 3500 ke. and says 7000 ke. no good for Mich. QSO’s. WS8CKZ keeps his mercury arc in the garage, sort of an aircooled outfit now. WS8BFH reports some new transmitters being built in Battle Creek. WSDED was QSA on the G.R. Hamfest and the SCM and he had quite some QSO. The Mich. QSO party on 3500 ke. was quite a success even tho it started off with a bad night. The weather cleared late in the evening and was FB for those who stuck. WSDED was QSO 12 and WSDSF and W8DKX had 10 each, also WS8BGY. Most of the fellows who reported on the QSO party want one once a month. In talking the thing over at the Hamfest, decided that the third Friday of each month would suit most of the fellows. The next one on 3500 ke. will be held January 18, 1929. The 7000 ke. QSO party did not turn out so well owing to many forgetting the date. If there are enough who want a 7000 ke. party once a month will ar- v

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rar also Write in your requests, fellows. The V Mich. gang held their third Hamfest in Rapids on Nov. 25th. About 25 were pre I SCM was surely glad to be there and et fellows and for the pointers on xtal ived from the skit put on by Mr. Ive VASH and WS8DQB. Wondered’ what holes in the pavement around the sta- to find out on which Axis that VSBCI 59, WSBV 3, WS8DVQ 3, W8CAT 2, {. WSCED 21, W9CE 16, W9CSI 23, wel WSDCW 12, WSCWN 6, WSDUH 18, ws WSBRS 24, WSCFM 15, WSBAX 24, W WSAUB 27, WSAVO 8 WSDKX 8389, Ww WSCKZ 9, WSDJR 18, WSBFH 21, WwW WSDED 184. IT CM, F. J. Hinds, W9APY—Please our bands. Report the off-wave ARRL and the Supervisor of Radio WSCNY has replaced the chemi- of rectifier tubes. W9ANQ re- Waukegan club has 15 members FB WOCNP says if the gang t year, it will be because they Vest” W9AHK has a fifty now. Did v that W9ETU is 71 years old? as he is there with the soods W traffic man in W9FMR. W9ERU Radio Club is popular because Hi How do you get away has an automatic mercury are VOFT was QSO ten countries in N H : another new traffic man Mi V9GV knocks down the foreign Qso VORXB had a fire which put him off He back with a bang a la i Detroit. W9BNI loaned local power company to check with NAA time si: r help W9CUH get Asia for his WA in constant contact with WFAT Wo! trong on traffic QRV Wwourx fa “6” eall. Good luck, OM W®RBLI ter Warren) 106. WSeDDFE 10° v DXZ 71, W9ERU 71, W9CNP 50, Wor APY {8, WOGE 47. W9DCK 36, W DON 6, WIGV 26. WOFDI 25 W VOAST 0, WOFDY 19, W9AFRB 16 W V9ORZO 16. W9CUH 16. W9FMR 15 Wwol AD 18, W9BVP 138, W9FT 11, W9FOH 11 j W9AHK 9, W9SCNY 9, W9ANQ 8&8, Worl ru 4, W9KB 3, W9ME 3, W9DWP 2 W BY WOoECR 1 WI M. Cc. N. Crapo, W9VD—W9SDLD t PT urain after reassembling his FK ha schedule with W9DLD WORBPW is on daily from 6 to 7 lule with W9DGW. W9DTK is ping Naval traffic moving W FA T power and looking for more } Y reported via W9EYU w9so ntrol on 3530 ke. and 1790 the BCLs dodging in De VI i putting in a screen grid y H bl his filter and rebuilt his schedule with WOBJY control. W9RWZ says W9O0T also has er oscillator. W®9XH-EK has : more W9DLQ says his 7 fine on 3500 ke WO9BTY is ’ ] 3750 ke W9LV is go- 7000 ke W9OBIB had his 1915 Lizzie. Tuff luck, needs is traffic. W9RSS schedules on 7000 total owing to bum would be on the air more ex- W®9EZT sends first report. usine ] W9AZN is busv with BCI MO PA outfit going in eal daily He rystal and jumps. OM 1] the WODND mall wants rood W9DEK 124. W9RPW 97 W9EWY 33, W9SO 29, W9BWZ 23. WODTK 22 woo W9EK 22. W9DLQ 20. WO9BIJY VORII . WSICYO 10. W9EWN 29 W9DZZ 7, W9DJK 5, W9EZT WoFvtT AW ° AKOTA DIVISION T MINNESOTA--SCM, Carl L. Jabs | : ‘ honors go to the ex-SCM N eps a daily sked with WFBT and Prt A WoCTW Next in line is who helps to clear W9EGU’s traffic. He is out for the crystal prize. More power to you. W9ERB reports having trouble getting a good note. Why. Why not read up in Handy’s Handbook and QST. W9EHI says 7000 was no good most of the time. W9CKI reports little activity but says it won’t be long. W9CF had a pleasant visitor in W9EFK. W9ADS gets R7 to 9 from both coasts using one 21% He is now rebuild- ing to use an 852 with 4 281 rectifiers. W9CIY is on for good and handling traffic for the city. W9FFU has a 7000 ke. Zeppelin antenna and is rebuilding to a 1929 Hartley. W9BCT has his station going at Fort Snelling. (He’s in the Army now. Hi) He has accepted the Route Manager’s job, so writ« to him for your schedules. He is a very fine fellow and I hope you will give him your support. His address is Neil B. Coil, Hdaqrs. Co. 3rd Infantry, Fort Snelling, Minn. W9EHO reports QSO to the west coast easy on 28 mc. but only heard two 1's W9BBT expects to visits the SCM. W9EGF is hom« after visiting hams and will be on soon. W9BMX is still off and says after losing his plate transformer, the wind changed his mast into a Horizontal one. Hi. W9VBH has completed rebuilding his entire station. He gets RS to R9 from nn7NIC, proving that the new current feed Hertz pushes some of the 210’s juice out. Traffic: W9EGU 182, W9EHI 17, W9CKI 16, W9CF 14, 12, W9FFU 7, W9BCT 6, W9EHO 5, W9BVH 1. NORTH DAKOTA—SCM, B. S. Warner, WDYV W9CUT takes the lead in traffic handling this month. He handled traffic from four different countries, then had hard luck and blew his plate transformer and two rectifier tubes. W9CDO also had bad luck with his motor generator and burned it out. Now he B batteries for plate supply. W9BVF, the new RM, handled a nice bunch of traffic this month and says that he has another new ham started in his home town. W9FCA is a new ORS in this section working on 1715 ke. He says that No. Dak. stations are hard to QSO with but gets R5 from stations in the central states. W9IK has 15 watts and is looking for more bottles so he can increase to 20 watts. He keeps code practice (1750 ke.) skeds on Tues. and Fri. each week between 7:30 and 8 pm. FB, OM, keep the good work up. W9BRR is QRW with rail- road work and BCL sets but says that he will be going strong in the very near future. W9DM is QRW with school work but promises that he will be on with a 1929 model as soon as he gets his plate supply rebuilt. W9DYV, the SCM, has been busy checking up on the Section and has not had much time to handle any traffic this month. There are a few ORS who do not report and if they care to keep their certificates, they will have to send in their report cards. This is the last notice. Traffic: W9CUT 145, W9BVF 72, W9IK 3, W9CDO 2, W9FCA 2, W9DYV 2. SOUTH DAKOTA—SCM, D. M. Real winter is here and several coming on the air now that the corn’s picked and the football season’s over. But what's the matter with the Sioux Falls gang this year? There’s more life in that town, I know—show it. W9DWN has the usual high traffic total and may be heard daily on 7000 ke. and 3500 ke. W9DB is on more regularly now and is looking for skeds east and west. W9FKV is a new reporting station in Rapid City. W9EUJ W9CTW 63, W9ERB 44, W9ADS 12, WSCIY W9BBT 4, uses Pasek, W9DGR— more stations are visited W9EUH and WNAX at Yankton and is on 7000 ke. and 3500 ke. daily. Other active stations are: W9AZR, Fort Pierre (7000 and 3500): W9EUH, Yankton (7000 and 3500 ke.): W9DGR, Huron (7000 and 3500). Other active stations are requested to report to the SCM. Traffic : W9FKYV 5, W9IDWN 170, W9EUJ 4. W9DGR 37, W9DB 26, SOUTHERN MINNESOTA—SCM, D. F. Cottam, W9SBYA—W9COS has skeds with five stations. He keeps them several times per week and clears his hook every day in any direction. He is well pleased with a new antenna system. W9DOP is busy with school and rebuilding but manages to turn a good report because he has some skeds. W9EFK stil! works WFBT and continues with his regular DX work while building a new 222 receiver. W9BTW is very QRW school but with his new xmitter is doing nice work. W9ELA has been DXing this month. W9EOH has handled traffic on the DX order this month and has new call for Minneapolis which is W9GBD. W9DMA has simply been pounding brass this month W9BKX is on regularly 7590 ke. W9DHP went to Madison, Wis., to see the football QS T FOR JANUARY 1929 ee eee ee

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the orts not ays rts la » 9 ild- is PU to at He ite game and saw W9EK. W9GH is on 7000 ke. W9AIR took a commercial exam and he says, “I flopped.” Better luck next time, OM. He has heard some WFBT traffic and of course that is interesting to him because Op Berkner’s home is at Sleepy Eye. W9DGE is counting the days when he will be thru with the boat job for the winter. As you know the election of a new SCM is under way and you will no doubt know who the candidates will be by the time this appears. It was necessary to extend the time of receiving petitions at Headquarters until Dec. 20. I have enjoyed the work for the section very much. In the future, my station will be heard on the air as it has been heard since 1913. Traffic : W9COS 66, WSDOP 52, W9EFK 12, W9BTW 17, W9EOH 9, W9ELA 7, W9DMA 39, W9BKX 6, W9DHP 2, W9GH 2, W9AIR 1. DELTA DIVISION ISSISSIPPI—SCM, J. W. Gullett, W5AKP W5ANP says that he hasn’t been able to get going much lately as he loaned part of his transmitter to a broadcast station WGCM but he says he will have his transmitting junk back soon. (I hope so, OM, as old Miss, needs all the traffic it ean get). W5AED came back on the air November 25th with another Hartley rig on 7000 ke. and ays it works much better than the old transmit- ter did. He says that he will change to 3500 ke. crystal controlled set on January 1, 1929. FB, OM W5FQ says that he seems to be getting along much better with the BCLs lately as he isn’t get- ting complaints about his transmitter interfering with their programs. W5AJJ has moved to New Orleans for the winter and says he had a real good reason for not operating his set during the atter part of Nov. as the stork visited his home Nov 12 and left a new brass pounder (Congratu- lations on the new boy, OM). W5GG, ex5API, is off the air for a few weeks as he blew his motor- generator. He has been visiting W9EEC, W9FLS und W9BJE. (I hope to see you handling mes- ages as you used to, OM). W5AKP has been handling a little traffic on 14 me. but finds this band very unstable at night. He will come on with a new Pilot Wasp Receiver and a new 14 me. transmitter within the next few days. Traffic: W5AKP 58, W5FQ 24, W5GG 12 ARKANSAS—SCM, H. FE. Velte, W5ABI-—We have been having fine radio weather and you can ee by the traffic totals that many of the gang are taking advantage of it. This month’s traffic total the largest that we have had in some time. Let’s see if we can’t double it next month. All ORS that have not been reporting are hereby warned that their ORS appointment will be cancelled if they are not heard from soon W5HN is using a pair of 210’s and gets good reports. W5BCZ handled the largest amount of traffic this month. He han- died a 225 word message from the Byrd Expedi- tion FR, OM. W5BDD is getting out well W5ABY is looking for a plate supply and will be on soon W5ABI has taken on a better half and will have more time for radio now that he stays at home. Hi. W5AQX continues to handle his share f traffic and has several skeds. W5ARA hands in nice traffic report and works several stations on schedule He has worked six countries in the last month W5ALY is a new station in El Dorado ind is getting started with the aid of W5ARA W5SS says that he sure is stepping out on fone The Xmas rush is keeping him busy at the store so he does not have much time for traffic now W5AUU has a MG now and hopes to be on the air W5IQ has rebuilt his complete station W5ZAA continues to push his 210 xmit- rerularly for 1929 ter W5DD is putting up a new 65 foot pole and vill be on 3500 ke. W5AAJ sends in a nice traf- f total Let’s see just how many messages the Arkansa gang can handle next month. Will Arkansas lead the Delta Division? It all depends you, gang I5AAJ 23, W5SS gy Traffic: W5BCZ 32, W5AQX 21, W5ABI 18, W5HN 1 W5ARA 24, W5AUU 6, HUDSON DIVISION ASTERN NEW YORK—SCM, F. M. Holbrook, W2CNS—W2ABY discarded MG and installed a new transformer. W2AXX has junked old Hart- ey and trying 1929 Hartley with DC note. W2QU has raised 60 ft. mast. W2SJ keeps 7 schedules. W2BFF using 852 but bad tooth has held down traffic W2AQL goes on to inactive list for few month W2ANV working cn 4945 ke. and has 4 QS T FOR JANUARY 1929 * W2BGB is now NCS, Albany County, Army-Amateur. W2AGP back on 7000 ke. but had no luck on 14 me. W2AYK has daily schedules W2BKN handled traffic from Mayor of Yonkers in West Indies and messages from §. S. St. Mary via nj-2PA. W2BAQ sends first traffic report using 201A. W2BPV using 14 me. and was QSO with SB. He is now forming a local Schenectady club with W2ACB, W2AAL, W2BLQ, W2AQS, W2BOY, W2BLE W2BMS, W2ACY. W2ACY works on 14,000 ke. and 4895 ke. He had six visiting hams last month W2AGR operates on 7000 and 3500 ke. but schoo! cuts traffic low. Traffic: W2BGB 82, W2QU 58, W2SJ 54, W2BFF 38, W2AQL 29, W2ANV 24, W2ABY 18, W2AKY 13, W2BKN 12, W2AXX 8, W2BAQ 7, W2BPV 5. NEW YORK CITY & LONG ISLAND—SCM, M. B Kahn, W2KR—W2AAG—Manhattan: W2SC comes through with a fine report and makes the BPL. Most of the traffic was handled through the Army-Ama- teur Net. W2KR is operating on both 3875 ke. and 7750 ke. but will change to top of 7000 ke. band with erystal control, W2BGO, RM of Manhattan, finds more traffic on the 3500 ke. band. He can usually be found there between the hours of 3 to 5 am daily. W2BCB is another station who has moved up to the 3500 ke. band. W2OV comes through with his first report W2BNL is trying his 3500 ke. fone. Bronx: W2APYV still gets lots of traffic from nj-2PA. W2BPQ is a new ORS and alternate for W2KRN Army-Amateur Net. W2ALL, due to illness, is going to Texas, but will keep in contact with the east through ham radio. (Best of luck, OM—SCM). W2BBX is rebuilding and putting in a 203A as PA for his crystal set. W2AET is complaining that the gang is careless with messages QR Brooklyn: W2PF is very active on 3770 ke. as Army-Amat>-ur Station and USDA station. W2CMU sends in his first report. W2BFQ reports W2BRA of the Bush- wick Radio Amateurs has a staff of 15 licensed ops W2BRB is experimenting on 28,000 ke. with crystal control W2BAZ is in line for an ORS appointment W2BO is now regularly on the air after a long absence. W2AJL is on 28,000 ke. Long Island: W2AVP comes through with his usual fine report and is a new ORS (Welcome OM,—SCM). W2AIZ was heard in Russia on 3500 ke. and almost dropped dead from the shock. W2AZV is a new candidate for an ORS. Traffic : Manhattan: W2SC 1007, W2KR_ 106, W2BGO 64, W2BCB 31, W20V 10 W2BNL 6. Bronx: W2APV 154, W2BPQ 113, W2ALL 438, W2CYX 31, W2BBX 14, W2AET 11. Brooklyn: W2PF 67, W2CMU 36, W2BFQ 23, W2BRA 16, W2BRB 16 W2BAZ 11, W2BO 8, W2AJL 5, Long Island: W2AVP 128, W2AIZ 66, W2AZV 21. NORTHERN NEW JERSEY—SCM, A. G. Wester. W2WR—tTraffic has been on the increase owing to more ORS coming back on the air. In another month traffic will be going thru Jersey in large bulk. RM W2CP had a meeting of traffic handlers at his home and renewed the traffic spirit in some of the hams. W2AOS and W2BIH have applied for ORS appoint- ments W2ASZ is too busy at college and has resigned as ORS. W2AVK will move to NYC shortly which means another good ORS will leave Jersey. W2MD had the highest traffic figure in our section. W2WR will be back on the air soon W2AO0P very busy with W2CP is getting traffic moving from all points into and out of Newark. W2ANG is building a new 1929 receiver. W2BAL has been very busy fixing BCL receivers. W2JG maintains 2 schedules a week with W9COS. W2CJX has been on 14,000 ke. which means little traffic handled. W2IS has been on very irrecularly and has been working WKP in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. W2CW is building a new rectifier so is temporarily off the air. W2BY has been very QRW with school and receiving amateur OM visitors. W2AT can’t keep schedules because of business pres- sure which keeps his traffic low. W2BDF is QRW at WAAM and with new xmitter. W2CO got married but hopes to get the set going soon. W2A0S is handling plenty of traffic in the Army Net. W2AEC got his Zepp perking FB but blew out plenty of parts of his xmitter. Traffic: W2MD 155. W2AOP 50, W2ANG 11, W2BAL 11, W2JC 5, W2CJX 14, W2CW 6, W2BY 8, W2CP 50, W2AT 35, W2BDF 7, W2A0S 832, W2AEC 3 zood schedules. MIDWEST DIVISION T EBRASKA—SCM, Cc. B Diehl, W9SBYG— N W9ANZ is starting up again. W9QY is on 1750 ke. W9DVR is rebuilding. W9FAM is on 3500 ke. and 7000 ke. for traffic. W9DNC handles important traffic, and operates in the early morning. Vil

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W ke RM nd W9FLG. W A W raffic Wwol note Ww va I man in ready for winter's work. W9BOQ king corn. W9BLW open for traffic. W et WSBQR is QRL in post office. W ne to school in Chicago. W9BYG had A IT works right along. W9ANZ 11, W9QY 8, W8DVR 14, W9FAM } » WS9DI 3, W9BLW 6, W9CDB 14, M, J. H. Amis, W9CET—tTraffic has over last month. FB, gang, keep the W9CET leads the state in traffic and watt rig going with pure DC from : W9LN keeps a daily sked with A BHR is instructing a class in radio W9BUY loses his 50 but will W9FLG is the proud father of He wants to know what became who wanted Kansas skeds. W9DFY 852 soon. W9HL is keeping 4 skeds and 7000 ke. W9CFN has near DC traffic and DX are showing a big W9CKW is on 3500 ke. and wants . W9DIH has put in a mercury fier troubles are now over. W9CCS hool but is on some with a 1929 rig. to have an ORS and is on 14,000 W9BGX has come to life and will ops The SCM has appointed two Give them your support, tech traffic climb. 70, W9DFY W9FLG 268, W9CFN 145, WeCKV W9LN 60. WSFTY 18. M, H. W. Kerr, W9DZW—Fifteen re- with two ORS in the making set yn-ORS lead in number of report- to originate refreshing traffic is estion. Just a hint, gang. W9DEA the front page of the Sioux City three column picture of their “den” In the article they extended an » public to send free Xmas greetings the Tri-state Amateur Radio mbers has been organized. Code les- en and broadcast over KSCJ. Get in newspaper publicity, OMS. The r ooking for hot news. W9EDW, a n is the list and issues a challenge to ic contest; to Puckett goes the with both WFBT and WFAT. that can be heard most any below first magnitude on 3500 kc. W®9BCA has a fine total with x nal Zone; W®CZEC wants immediate n any CC rote heard from his sta- is QRW motion picture camera WSDNZ, W9BIP and W9CWQ who visitors at W9DZW, together with the movies in Little Sioux. W9DZW 3 with W9FAM. W9EJQ’s totals begin finishing country work. He keeps CGR, W9AMO and W®9DI and wants m 3500 ke. W9EIW, new ORS, and ter, ie elated over sked and fone WTAAT W9EHN'’s traffic slumped a more YLs are enlisting to raise the f eastern Iowa. FB. They all get m WOSEIW’s transmitter is displayed. 1 out to operate WKBS at Gales- B takes over W9DRA’s cafe. W9FJA Royal Purple” but finds some traffic. football and attends Coe College. 210 WYASM has been trying 28 fternoons—hears many, but no QSO nds first report, fine! W9CKQ says o5HG is slipping. W9DEA is moving and W9EIV will operate at former both ops W®9FZO another first re- n! W®9DNZ is making skeds with WSEFH, after several months on led down in Newton. Merry Xmas V9BHR CET 17, 21, 24 How tens: home W 402, W9DGW 281, 102, W9EJQ 101, W9EIW 37, 33, W9FZO 23, W9DEA 26, ( VOFFD 7, W9ASM 4, W9DPL 1. MI SCM, L. B. Laizure, W9RR—W9ZK St. Louis. Transmitters are er bands. Others with good totals W9DSU, W9DLB and W9BMU. DST ORS by transfer from Central BO ® a new station. WS9BEU keeps ox \ d daily except Sun. at ten pm. es the gang getting to the top of the now W9BMU is getting out well rag-chew with the SCM. W9DUD Ite after rebuilding. W9BHF W9BCA 204, was also QSO the SCM. W9DOE enlisted tive re. cruits for the USNR this month W9DAE and W9AYK staged a traffic contest which was won by W9AYK. Both stations relied mainly on 3500 kc. for skeds. (Practically all the higher traffic scores were also on this band). W9FNJ, W9AYK and W9GBC reported by radio. W9GBT is a new station in Centerview. W9DHN added another sked and i also QRV on 1750 ke. band in addition to 7000 ke W9CDF says key clicks are his worst QRM. W9ERM was busy. W9EUB was on _ week-ends. W9ECS handled plenty and says W9GCN is a new station in Sikeston and also that WYLBVC visited the gang in that section in the interest of the USNR. W9EPX kept four skeds and found time to visit W9FBF and says he is getting on 3500 ke. W9BJA keeps three skeds on 7000 ke., one each on 14,000 and 3500 Broadcast harmonics and out of place fones are caus- ing bad QRM on 3500 ke. at his station. (And every- where else—SCM). W9BQS on 7000 ke. band says he would be on 3500 but the yard isn’t big enough Hi. W9ASV got excellent total and a fine copy of the Navy Day broadcast as noted in last QST W9DKG works three traffic skeds on 7800 ke. and another with ys-1FM in San Salvador, C. A. Kansas City is having excellent activity with much traffic moving. Over 500 messages were sent out from the radio show thru various local stations. W9YEQC W9BSB, W9FHV and W9DQN led the 7000 ke. gang W®ORR represented 3500 kc.; also handled the most messages per sked (only one sked. hi.) W9DQN is trying to assist W2SJ organize the western end of his “Golden Gate” traffic chain. W7AAT is working eastward with another chain leading from the north- west. W9BQC has a new commerical ticket. W9DOJ is keeping up the USDA test skeds. W9ZD is QRW television work. W9FIO is active. W9FHV is build- ing SW receivers. W9FEH and W9FXH are on for traffic. W9EYP is temporarily QRT getting ready to move and operated some at WYZD. WSBUR is also going to move, WSBUL applied for ORS. W9GCL is a new station at Calhoun, 75 miles south of K. C W9FBF reports numerous visitors and rag chews by radio with W9EPX, W9FNU, W9FSI and others on 1750 ke. band. Look out for her on Sunday pm W9FEH applied for ORS. W9CHE of St. Joseph was heard testing on 3500. Glad to hear you up there, OM. New radio inspector's office in I’. O. Bldy., K C. QRV for business, amateur exams on Ist and 3rd Fridays monthly. Commerical on same Thursdays Now is the time to get that extra first ticket, OM Traffic : W9BEU 47, W9BHF 3, W9DZN 17 W9DUD 11, W9ZK 118, W9BMU 20, W9DSU 34 W9DLB 21, W9DAE 312, W9DKG 54, W9ASV 80, W9BQS 4, WIBJA se W9EPX 1k, WY9ECS 65 W9FNJ 65, W9AYK 352, W9DHN 18, W9CDF 13 W9ERM 7, W9EUB 5, W9AHZ 25, WYFHV 53, W9ZD 38, WS9EQC 68, W9EMH 4, WYFIO 31 W9DOJ 12, W9FTE 12, WS9SBSB 41 WYDQN 7s W9ORR 271. NEW ENGLAND DIVISION AINE—SCM, Fred Best, WIBIG-—-WIAUR M Route Manager for Central Maine, stepped on it this time and handed in a mean total He is leading all the RM’s for high total by a big margin, but is just a bit short of the BPL which is his goal. FB. Hal! W1ANH, RM for Northern Maine, ran second to WIAUR and gives notice that he is going to give the whole works a real race next time. Nice work, Harry! WICDX, RM for Western Maine, ran number three His total just failed to reach WIANH. My what a nice traffic race we are going to have between the four RMs and SCM before next report rolls in WIAUS of Lewiston, ran number four on the list. Ken says he will be on soon with two 500 watters with a transformer built to make them talk—then watch his total! Nuff said. WI1KQ and Mrs. WIAJC tied this month. FB, OM and OW. WIAHY has made application for an ORS and is in fair way to land it. He has a good weekly schedule with VEIAY so route your traffic for the Maritime Provinces thru him. WI1BFZ, one of our real old timers, is back on the 3500 ke. band with a good wallop. WI1AQL, RM for Eastern Maine, complains of a power leak in Brewer that made life, as far as radio is concerned, very unpleasant for him. He has a fine schedule with W1ANH every day and is gradually lining up the Queen City gang into a real organization of traffic handlers. WI1AJC has been moving to a new shack. He plans soon on having a real 3500 ke. outfit going for traffic and then he and the OW will have some large totals or we miss our guess. WI1AQD, our OO, turned in a good report in spite of the fact that most of his time is spent on 28 mc. Lou has turned in some mighty QS T FOR JANUARY 1929 ’ Gern has is ge ine Tr WIT WIE VI mor worl at t you weel dire port fron broa in « VE2 dere port was of 5 now on. mak mitt tion be | wor

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re- ind ke. res good work down there. WIART sent in his usual total. He is interested in and has done some notable work with low power on 7000 ke. and 14 mc. Prac- tically all of the Maine gang received a letter of com- mendation from the Commandant, First Naval Dis- trict, covering the Navy Day Broadcast. FB, gang! Everyone is on the job, and Maine is surely mak- ing a fine showing in all departments of our chosen Traffic: WIAUR 161, WIBIG 108, WIANH 384, WICDX 69, WIAUS 26, WIAJC 23, WIKQ_ 23, WIAHY 18, WIBFZ 15, WI1AQL 13, WIAJC 12, WI1AQD 9, WIART 5. NEW HAMPSHIRE—SCM, V. W. Hodge, WIATJ -Traffic took quite a jump this month. Most of the stations have settled down for the season. WI1IP threatens to make the BPL as soon as he gets his new transmitter going. WI1AUE is now an ORS, and handles a lot of traffic with the help of five skeds. WI1BFT is still busy with college work. W1JN is keeping regular schedules. WI1AEF takes the prize for hard luck. He lost his big pole, power transformer and plate meter. Tough luck, OM. WIANS, WITA and WIAFD handled a lot of traffic for a radio show, WIAFD having set up his transmitter and receiver at the show. A Con- cord paper covered a football game by radio with the help of WIAUE, WI1TA, WI1AFD and others. W1AVJ got a lot of publicity by getting news to Germany first of the landing of the “Bremen”. He has just received the dope from Germany. W1BST is getting out well. WI1ATJ has got his crystal go- ing and may be found on 3950 kc. Traffic: WI1IP 100, WIAUE 98, WIANS 135, WITA 125, WIBST 19, WIATJ 58, WIAEF 10, WI1BFT 8, W1AFD 154, W1JN 9. VERMONT—SCM, C. A. Paulette, WIIT—I have more report cards this month than usual—good work boys, and please keep it up. W1ICGX is again at the top of the list for traffic. Now, fellows if you will try and send a message to me once a week and let me know what’s going on in your direction. We will try and have a condensed re- port of doings in this state broadcast once a week from WI1AJG. W1AJG says he will begin the broadcasting on Wed. night at 10 pm, the first week n January. I had the pleasure of a QSO with VE2AS who was located in a mine 1700 feet un- derground with a _ portable transmitter. He _ re- ported my sigs R6 and he came thru about R8. He was in a drift of the mine in solid rock. A _ lot of good skeds are in operation throughout the state now, and it looks as if things would go big later on. WI1YD reports that he has 16 operators in the making now. FB. WiCGX has rebuilt his trans- mitter. WIFN reports a 1929 transmitter in opera- tion at his station WI1BCK says he is going to be on very soon. WI1A00 still very QRW with his work. WI1EZ announces coming higher power and ‘laims that 14,000 ke. is the best. Traffic: WICGX 127, WIBJP 61, W1AO00 52, WIIT 47, WIBEB 34, W1YD 20, W1EZ 18, W1BCK 5, WIFN 8. CONNECTICUT—SCM, C. A. Weidenhammer, W1ZL—Four of the fellows managed to amass to- tals of over one hundred messages this month, two of the number, WIMK and WI1BNS making the BPL. Let us try to double our hundred quotas and gain a monopoly of Conn. stations in the honorable mention column. W1VB reported by radio. WI1TD was obliged to discontinue all schedules during the month.on account of a bad local power leak which made reception on all frequencies an impossibility. He hopes to get the power company to clear it up soon WI1BGC took two weeks off to revamp his transmitter so that it would measure up to 1929 standards. FB. The time is getting short for those who have not done that little thing. We commend WIBNS heartily on his 54 deliveries. Deliveries are what we are after in our traffic handling. The installation of a new MOPA set has kept WIAOX completely occupied during the month. He is pray- ing that it will work as well as his old outfit. W1ICTI is out to make the BPL next month. We hope he’s successful. Ells wants schedules with stations in every village, town and city in Conn. He is especially interested in the eastern part of the state and Bridgeport, Danbury, New Haven and other cities in the southwestern part. Tuesday, Thurs- day and Saturday nights after 8:15 are best for him WI1AFB is still unearthing new DX stations to work, His schedule with W1TD was discontinued on account of W1TD’s power leak interference. An- other rebuilding took place when W1AMG6G installed an MOPA with an 852 as its crowning glory. He QS T FOR JANUARY 1929 and WI1AUK entertained WIAWQ and his father when they visited in New Haven. W1BI—1BQH is QRW with college work. His direct current house supply does not enable him to work much DX or handle much traffic. How about a rotary converter, OM? WI1BWM is waiting for a new 210 tube. When it arrives, he expects to make up for lost time on 3500 ke. The situation at W1VE is altogether heart- rending. A decent outdoor antenna cannot be erected on account of the BCLs. Work on 14,000 ke. is about all that can be done—and than on an indoor antenna. Cheer up, ER. It could be worse. We are very pleased to hear from WINE, who is active on 7000 and 3500 ke. WI1ATG stated in his report that his 280 rectifier tube had been refusing to work properly with the filter he was using. He hopes to remedy the ailment and clear up his note soon. W10S was QRW with other work during the month. Improvements on both transmitter and receiver have been made recently by WIBMG. With all these im- provements in our stations, we should be able to do all sorts of splendid traffic work. W1AMC mentioned that DX had been rather poor during the month. Work at school kept him busy most of the time. WIBJK has been appointed Net Control Station for the Conn. area by Lt. Hertz of Boston. FB. All interested in Army-Amateur work are requested to write to him for complete information on the sub- ject. WI1ZL has been working the Pacific Coast consistently on 28 mc. He should be on 3500 kc. for week-end schedules when this is read. WIBLF is active on 3600 and 7500 ke. with two transmitters, both using a 203A in the TP-TG circuit. He is looking for schedules. W1MK far surpassed previous totals. Parmenter reports that radio shows and WSBS are largely responsible for the increase. Several new schedules with the middle west and west coast are in operation and if things continue as they have, the thousand mark should be reached and passed. WI1IM recently did the Marine Corps a good turn when he relayed an urgent message to a Marine’s wife in Bridgeport. He has been keep- ing a schedule with nn5NIC to keep the marine in constant touch with home. That is awfully good work. Congratulations! WIBIK—1ZZA who was known to all amateurs recently as nmBX, underwent a very serious operation last month. From all reports, we delight to say, the operation was a com- plete success and Mr. Mapes is now convalescing at his home in Bridgeport. We all wish him a very speedy recovery. W1BM is very anxious to get going again, but he can’t just seem to find the time to rebuild. WI1RP made a new ham operator when he converted his uncle from BCLdom to Amateurism. The converted party uses the call W2ADK. Traffic: W1AMC 5, WIBJK 16, WIBMG 4, W10S 1, WIATG 12, WINE 12, WIVE 13, WIAMG 34, WI1AFB 106, WICTI 110, WI1AOX 8, WIBNS 136, WIBGC 4, WITD 34, W1ZL 2, WIBLF 3, W1MK 736, WI1VB 72. RHODE ISLAND—SCM, C. N. Kraus, WIBCR— WIBLV is a new ORS and is making a very fine showing. W1BQD has been very busy rebuilding his set. WIAAL is doing fine work regularly. W1MO says traffic and DX are improving. WIBLS’s only DX is se-2EA. WI1BCR has an 80 meter phone and wishes to QSO all stations in R. I. WIAWE is QRW new job and women. Traffic: WIBLV 230, WiBQD 17, WIAAL 12, Wi1MO 10, WIBLS 7, W1IBCR 7, WIAWE 4. WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS—SCM, Dr. J. A. Tessmer, W1UM—What do you think, fellows? W1DR made a 1929 QST model S. W. screen grid receiver and it worked at once. 6’s and 7’s pounded in R9. So, fellows—if you have any trouble—well, you know what I mean. WI1AAC has moved to 121 West North St., Wardsworth, Ohio. His call is W8AQ. Alvin Bock, W1BKM, is a new ORS at Springfield and starts the ball rolling with 70 messages. Let’s hope the ball keeps rolling. W1BVR is doing noble work trying to get traffic with 6’s and 4’s on his week end. Hi. WIBIV is on the air again. WI1ANI has schedules with WIKY. Marvin says less YL es more traffic and building screen grid. WIBNL is a new ORS from Saco, Maine. QRA is C. B. Kelley, 15 Harvard St. Good luck to you, OM Kelley, and the Worcester Radio Assn. at 274 Main St. anticipates a visit. WI1AOF xtal xmitter ready soon. Has schedules with fq-PM each week. For the benefit of those that don’t know it, Hi, traffic reports should be in before the 26th. (Attention R. A. N.) Traffic: WIBIV 5, WIANI 39, WIADO 20, WIIL 16, WIAOF 6, W1BKM 70, WI1EO 18. EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS—SC¢M, E. L. Battey, W1UE—Looks as though this section was coming back to its old standard of traffic work again. Five IX

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BPL this month—W1KY, W1ACH, Wic@ ¥y and WIAAW. Fine work, OMs. We also new ORS in W1CQ and WIAZE. Your SCM a number of inquiries regarding traff m non-ORS which looks very promis- ing built a new Hull receiver and re- port N « volume. WIWV worked a little DX sined several schedules. WIKY says traff he keeps five schedules, pius the rest of he M WIFL is rebuilding. W1BVL was hear nd on 28 mec. FB. He says 28 me. sigs h ming thru very nicely. WIAGP, a new uzus, sends in his first report. Let’s give ther newcomers a helping hand. WIA‘ DC now with his new transmitter I port using an acoustic filter, WIKH beir WiBIX has been investigating BCL QRM M he is getting warmed up again. WIRI for good skeds. WIACA, all set for 1 ng to stick to 3500 ke. this winter. WINK VLUE were on Naval Drills every Tues- da ection over, WICRA reports result ft t—Hoover 206, Smith 39, Undecided tates represented. WIABA still fir to pound brass. The 150 watt out- ping up again. WI1AZE handled WIARS, and WIBLD sent in their init ports were received from WIBDV, WIB c., WLPB, and WIRF. W1BZ is now w rn Radio Institute—he has made radio operator. As the section SCM must have reports from you f ‘ your station mentioned herein. At n order to wish you all a happy New Year. rr Q 2, WIACH 202, WIAAW 202, W1K‘ VICRA 120, WIWV 131, W1LM 85, W1HI D 43, WIACA 28, WIBIX 23, WIPB M ViIARS 13, WIAGP 12, W1AZE 11, WIA N , WIRY 9, WIAPK 8, WIBBT RTHWESTERN DIVISION I. L. Young, W7ACN-7JL—W7ABB | ff man this month and made the off the air and sick for about bad turn to two of our stations tl r ZN lost the top of his house and r ts to be on right away, after heir bout a year. W7BAD left his set or t} transformer and transmitter rether with the curtains. He mself, as the fire had almost burr le he was asleep. Nevertheless, } t on the air and turns in a nice nan, ex-W9BAD. W7YA is on he h a crystal set with some new MG busy installing a new city water t ORS and OO appointments. W ORS with us. They are W7ALC, WTA‘ AJQ They are looking for your traff WT7ALC handled a flock of n message file, so cannot give us h rebuilt but luck isn’t so good as it W7ACD is building a new receiver and t under the old apple tree. He yme new antennas. The gang at W ting some new SW sets going and ns expect to be on soon. W7AGT for sall but will be on as soon as W7AJQ is on regularly on 7000 new MOPA crystal set to re- p rG W7ALW turns in his report aI H VIN They are right there on all bar Y had a little slump in totals but ext time. W7GU has moved 0 ke. quite a bit. He is busy the holidays. WT7HE, Dee Har a new ham on 7000 ke. and } DC signals, using a 210 and a b nator. W7VC of Caldwell is mov- t Oregon for the winter but will be ba W7ACN-W7JL has built a new } irum-dial set, and it is FB. Got it y of the month. Antennas and power next for improvement. Any new Idal p your SCM a letter. Good wor ‘em Idaho is there with the goods. Trafl BB 209, W7YA_ 100, (7TBAD 465, W7A 8, W7AJQ 7, W7ACN 2, W7ALW > W few MON M. O. W. Viers, W7JC turned in a nice nly using one 5 watter. Daily sched t with W6CRC, W9AVR, W7DD, W7HP AAT W7DD says local power leaks make it » copy anything. He would like report w 3530 ke. ‘phone transmitter. WT7FL says a radio club is being planned at the Montana State College. W7HP kept schedules and handled a nice list of traffic but forgot to report. Remember, gang, that he is the new RM, so give him a lift. 7OW, who has been silent for several months, is starting up with a 112 on the 7000 ke. band. He is interested in television and wishes to QSL. with others who are interested in the same. W7AAT worked on the 3500 and 7000 ke. bands with the 852 and kept several good schedules. Say gang! We have to snap out of our trance and get the reports into the SCM on the 26th. Several reports failed to come in this month and for some of them, about one more miss and the certificate is going to be cancelled, Traffic : WT7FL 10. OREGON—SCM, R. H. Wright, W7PP—W7WR is open for schedules with the Northwestern, California, and Alaska. W7LT has been on 14,000 ke. but reports not much luck and will be on 3500 ke..soon. Wi7SI received a “heard” card from Copenhagen, Denmark. The box of snuff he expects hasn’t arrived yet. Hi. WT7FU is putting in a UX-860 power amplifer with a UX-210 oscillator. WT7ABH is operating on the SS Curacao. WT7UN has tried 28,000 ke. but says no luck. He now has a genuine 1929 DC signal. W7GQ is busy with BCL service work. W7QY is installing a 1929 transmitter to handle an 852. Upon popular demand, W7JN (Official Observer) has been given the authority to check unnecessarily long calls -let’s keep to our standard League practice, fellows, and try and keep QRM to a minimum. W7PG, a fairly new call, with an old timer at the key, uses storage battery supply on a UX-210 for 7000 and 3500 ke. W7MF is high traffic man for this month, making the BPL. W7MV, W7AJW, and W7PP are all rebuilding and installing mercury arc rectifiers for 1929. Traffic: W7MF 319, W7WR 68, W7UN 51, W7FU 561, W7PG 30, W7MV 23, W7ABH 20, W7SI 13 W7JIN 19, W7GQ 7, W7AKM 6, W7LT 5. W7AAT 729, W7JC 315, W7DD 43, PACIFIC DIVISION ANTA CLARA VALLEY—SCM, F. J. Quement, W6NX—W6JU, the station of the San Mateo Jr. College was appointed ORS this month and turned in a nice traffic total. The station is on 7812 ke. and is a part of a Junior College Radio Net. W6BVY is the control station of 3rd Communication Reserve Section of the 12th Naval District. The Commanding Officer, Lt. (jg.) E. J. Beall, besides drilling with other USNR stations, has again resumed his schedule with oplAU three times a _ week. W6AMM, the gateway to the Philippines was nearly put out by interference this month and between studies and the flu, it has been pretty hard for Bruce. All this did not, however, decrease traffic. W6BAX, the low power wonder, clicked with eleven 28 me. stations with a 201A. Using a 210, he added 4 more, making 15 ten meter QSO’s during the month. W6BMW put in a screen-grid amplifier and has reached the 1929 standard of reception. W6BYH is attempting to organize a radio club in Merced. Hams in his vicinity please note. W6NX took part in many USNR drills during the month. Traffic : W6AMM 374, W6BVY 28, W6JU 36, W6BAX 18, W6BMW 16, W6BYH 5 SAN DIEGO—SCM, G. A. Sears, W6BQ—Most of the gang either forgot their reports or did not mail them on time this month and as a result, our totals fall far short of the place they should be. Remember, gang, these card reports should be mailed not later than the 26th in order to be included and give your station the credit due. Let’s have 100° next month. Ask your friend to report, too, even though he is not an ORS. We like to hear from all stations. W6EC leads the Section. He reports working AC-6AB, QRA Brown, 201 Kowloon Tong, Hongkong, China, QRH 7390 ke. Two complete transmitters on the air at W6EC now. W6BAM reports four skeds and traffic picking up fast. One sked is with KFR6 located at France Field, Canal Zone. W6BQ is now on 3798 ke. regularly and has a few skeds. QRV traffic east. W6DNS is back on the air after re building and steps out in fine shape. W6BAS wants wave meters to calibrate from crystals (free adv.) W6BGL at Escondido is now a full fledged ORS and QRV traffic. W6AJM is back on the air again after rebuilding. We miss his big traffic totals. W6BFE has been heard on the 3500 ke. band. W6EOM at Oceanside wants to hear from beginners working on 1715 ke. His QRA is 201 South Hill St., Oceanside, Calif. QS T FOR JANUARY 1929

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Traffic : W6EC 184, W6BAM 162, W6DNS 39, W6BAS 39, W6BGL 11. ARIZONA—-SCM, D. B. Lamb, W6ANO—W6BWS has been getting FB reports since he installed the 281’s. He is going to rebuild soon on 7230 ke. and is also going to try 28 me. W6CRA is on the air now on 7000 ke. W6DTU blew up a 210 grid leak plate blocking condenser and all the fuses in the house. He’s getting to be a real ham now. Hi. W6EFC blew the 210. He is using a 201A which is getting out better. W6BJF worked Himoe of WNP from a six call in Glendale, Calif. He is doing some work on 28 me. using remote control ind one of the 1929 type Hartley xmitter. W6EEA heard W1CCZ on 28 me. and built an xmitter for that band but have never been able to work any- body out of town yet. W6DCO is grinding xtals for a new set to be built soon. W6CDU built a master oscillator using a 201A for oscillator, and a 210 for amplifier. W6ANO is using 100 watts now but he is planning on rebuilding to MO or TPTG. W6SW still keeps busy trying to get his mercury arc to working. Also YL QRW yet. W6BHC is trouble- shooting now and can’t find much time on the air. W6AUI is now a motor cop on the Phoenix police force and is doing his stuff to keep the jail in busi- ness. Hi. W6AMW is going to the U. of A. and spent Thanksgiving home. W6DIE is heard occasion- ally W6DGY is also shooting trouble for BCLs. W6CCL is working radio with Sears, Roebuck Co. Traffic: W6ANO 11, W6BWS 54, W6EEA 7, W6BJF 32, W6DPU 4, W6CRA 31. SAN FRANCISCO—Acting SCM, C. F. Bane, W6WB—Due to the fact that most of the boys are still unaware of the appointment of a new official n lieu of Mr. Patterson resigning SCM, the reports are very scanty. Only three ORS reported and the non-ORS head the traffic totals. Look to your laurels, OBs. W6AWA, W6DPF, W6DMT and W6DYB are ‘ertainly in line for ORS and all four are stepping out in great style. W6DPF’s note is what we dream ibout and seldom hear. Hope to hear W6VR, former SCM on air soon with lots of traffic. W6DDN re- ports rebuilding over and now hungry for some good skeds. W6PW is back with us after a long stretch f nicht work. He is using fifty and seventy-five watt tubes in an ultraudion circuit and is the proud owner of a genuine 1929 receiver. May your traffic be in keeping with that receiver. Most of the boys have been bitten by the rebuilding bug and some fine ayouts are in evidence. W6WN, the new OBS, falls this class but promises great things for next W6DFS works Liberia with a 7% watter. F.B Let’s have your report. W6JK was visited by the sterk and reports new FB OM operator. W6WS ays he is now going to sea. W6AAT is moving to San Rafael and is coming on with B battery supply. Drop me a line, OB. W6BGB in Santa Rosa is knocking holes in the air with a 250 watter and is hinking about putting in 500. Reports from any ther Santa Rosa stations will be welcomed. W6WB ‘alls out of the BPL this month on account of SCM b and rebuilding. With rebuilding about finished, things are looking rosy and the traffic totals should be considerably higher this coming month. Traffi W6DYB 50, W6DMT 33, W6DPF 19, W6WB 15. W6EWN 30. EAST BAY—SCM, J. Walter Frates, W6CZR— W6IP, chief RM, topped the traffic list again. W6ALX I been handling traffic as well as training new amateurs in code and theory out of a desire to see old ARRL prosper and expand. W6DTM in- lied a hich C transmitter -and worked both the 000 and 3500 ke. bands. W6BFO begins to loom up a traffic man with the handling of a batch of essages and maintaining a schedule with OO-BAM the South Seas. Wé6RBSR still pounding away with the Ultraudion near 7410 ke. but says that the best DX he has worked has been Towa. W6EDK, however, h managed to work the second district and Canada and is maintaining a sked with W6AIM. W6CZR has been off the air for several weeks due to illness and other reasons, but expects to have a second op shortly in the person of the honorable OW. W6BI continues to run traffic under difficulties and in the interims between Naval Reserve work. W6BPC at Vallejo is maintaining a schedule with K7ANS in what used to be known as NA and reports working WSBS under bad conditions at 6:30 pm PST Novem- ber 21. W6ENV, a new man, announces that he has been on the air for about two weeks using flea power (201A) and will be out for traffic in the am. W6BZU at Concord continues to make his ORS reports by radio and is expecting to do some official observer QS T FOR JANUARY 1929 W6BQ 133, month

work shortly. W6BMS is rebuilding for 1929 by scrapping the Hartley and building a TPTG. W6BUX is back in Angwin from L.A. where he got a kick pounding brass at W6AM. His antenna came down in a storm but he has it up again and the 210 con- tinues to pump a signal into Asia. W6EDR wails that he has blown his rectifier tubes. W6DDG is re- building and expects to burn the pants off the few kilocycles left to hams after the first of the year. W6RJ has rebuilt for 3500 ke. band using two 210s for fone with Heising modulation. W6CGM had a little domestic dissention over the price of a new transformer but says he will suffer anything from the OW if he can just work the Philippines again. W6NO is pounding away at W6CCU’s shack. W6CDA says he used to be convinced that the air would arry radio signals but now he’s beginning to doubt it. W6COL reports being on 28,000 ke. He has a new fone set under construction. W6SR says other fellows have been carrying his messages. W6HI says that Alaska has faded out entirely. W6CKS has started up at the Veteran’s Hospital at Liver- more. W6CKG is a new man who has opened up on the same lot with W6CZR. Hi. W6DKO is trying to make the 80 meter band work. Dr. Woodruff, W8CMP, director of the Atlantic division, has been a visitor here for several weeks and attended the Thanksgiving service of the Oakland Radio Club at which W6BSB acted as interlocutor. Eats and talks were enjoyed. Traffic: W6IP 73, W6ALX 39, W6DTM 37, W6BFO 24, W6BSB 12, W6EDK 11, W6CZR 10, W6BI 8, W6DKO 8, W6BPC 8, W6ENV 7, W6BZU 6, W6DDQ 3, W6BMS 3, W6BUX 2, W6RJ 1, W6EDR 1. NEVADA—SCM, C. B. Newcombe, W6UO0—W6UO, W6LB and W6CHG are keeping some _ regular schedules to report road conditions through the mountain passes. The reports are given to the Nevada Automobile Assn. at Reno, for the informa- tion of tourists. The SCM welcomes reports from active Nevada stations, whether they are ORS or not. LOS ANGELES—SCM, D. C. Wallace, W6AM— W6CHA makes the BPL this month. He is keeping a number of good schedules. Forty stations report, with thirty handling traffic. W60OJ is down in Tahiti taking movies and every Friday night W6CHA goes over to W60J’s shack and handles his set, enabling W60J and his wife to carry on a regular conversa- tion W6HT is rebuilding his transmitter to strict 1929 principles, using MO-PA and also working on the Long Beach A.R.R.L. banquet for Dec. 6th which is to be held at the Breakers Hotel. W6ALR wires in his report which is a good one. W6EGH handled 85% of his traffic through skeds and 90% through ORS and no message on the hook longer than 36 hours. W6DYJ worked four continents and Byrd’s expedition. W6AM reports his 28,000 ke. transmitter and receiver working smoothly and easily. Deliveries to L.A. are the special biz of weud. W6DKV wants to make the BPL. He worked two fives and one nine using neither antenna nor counterpoise. W6QL took msg. from WSG, USS Lydonia off Norfolk, Va. to WRX off Panama and had answer in 20 min. W6BJX took KIHR sked one morning when W6AMM was sick and took 25 msgs. n 55 minutes. W6DSG is on 3 to 5 hours every day and reports DX very good. W6AKD hopes to get on 3500 ke. for good soon. W6DLI is going to be one of our good ORS. W6AWY is putting in an 852 with Rectobulb supply, 2200 volts on plate and ays his will be 1929 model if there ever is one and that traffic will be his objective. W6EKC is keeping some good skeds and is arranging for more. W6AGR eports VE4FB was R7 or 8, at 6 am PST using Ford coil and 201A Nov. 25. W6COT is down on 14.000 ke. after being on 7000 ke. for one year. W6DKX has just received appointments as official tation USDA network and as official station for the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Major Disaster Squad. Through an oversight. his report was not included in last month’s report. W6CUH reports that after four months, he will have to QSK sked with WIAH on account of bum conditions. On 28 me. he has worked W2TP., W5WZ,. W1BJD, W2A0OL, W5AVS, WI1ZL. W1AQD, W2WS and got R& from WIZL. W6DMG sends in a good report. W6AKW reports oa-8CP heard W6TS on 28 me. on Nov. 3 at about 3 pm PST. About 20 oa’s on 28 me. W6ARK is having a lot of fun with 3500 ke. fone. W6DHR sends in a good report and also informs us that W6ABK is too lazy to get up so he works the gang from bed via remote control. W6CAG had the flu this month but handled some traffic just the same. W6AOS helped announce a high school football xP

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gan W6B! Clas nse doe HR W6EA W usual waDl Wat Wwe WeDM Will threatens a new receiver. address system run by W600. preparing for the “zero hour” January has received his Amateur Extra First WG6AEC sends in a good report, as W6DLK, W6EEB, W6DEG, W6BVM, CZO, W6BHR and W6DNF report as iated Radio Amateurs of Long Beach their meeting night from Mon. at night at 7:30 pm every week. Had ficers at last meeting, elected W6ELZ, YJ, Vice-Pres.; W6HT, Sec. and Treas. nnas were given by W6AM. A code yrganized for the benefit of several new are interested in becoming amateurs. working hard and fast on the ARRL there is little doubt, if any, according hat this will be the snappiest, hottest, put on in this section. Wave Club of Pasadena raffled off one Transformer at their meeting on Nov. re now having two meetings a month. was at the home of W6BYA. In a we stated that W6DYU did some good nd it should have been W6DYJ. W6DJY C and has very steady DC note. W6AVE tryside near Fresno and has real wallop W6DJY has MO PA and says it is ng in the world. SCM, W6AM, has office adress from 109 West Third St. Ave., Room 410-411, Long Beach. WS6CHA 412, W6HT 84, W6ALR 77, W6DYJ 58, W6AM 51, W6UJ 50, W6DKV W6BIX 42, W6DSG 387, W6AKD 36, W6AWY 27, W6EKC 20, W6AGR 16, W6DKX 12, W6BZR 10, W6EKC 10, W6DMG 8, W6AKW 8, W6ABK 7, W6DHM 4, W6CAG 3, W6AOS 3, W6BRO NES—This report came by radio \MM—Lt. G. A. Bicher, KIPR keeps ac-WUY (Tientsin) at 5:30 pm daily; gehai Observatory, China) 6 pm daily; School, Cavite, Navy) 8 pm; ac-2MO pm: W6AMM 9:30 pm daily; W6BJX rsday only. KICY keeps sked with has returned from a year’s stay ked with W6BVY again on Mon. PR 721, KICY 63, K1IAU 23, KIPW M. F. L. Fullaway, K6CFQ—This sec- retting deader and deader as the What say, gang? Let’s snap out of ation of McKinley High School, first time. It is on 14 me. and would with other high schools. K6CLJ, SENE are the operators. K6AVL : He reports working KDV5 W5AIN he handled 2852 words of DQQ is doing a bit of reconstruction CLJ reported the air dead on 7000 and ys he is learning French. K6DEY is OH He is going back on the air with He will make a good station for ks. K6DCU’s masts blew down in the » off till Xmas. 6AVL 118, K6DQQ 38, K6CLJ 10, ROANOKE DIVISION RGINIA—SCM, C. S. Hoffman, W8HD have it that two old timers are back r—Jones of W8SP and old W8BDA. OMs! WS8OK, too, is preparing for eason of DX and traffic. W8DNN is YL QRM between skeds with W9AZY WSCLQ is doing some good work )SOing W6TS and W5AOT, he also lead r the state this month WS8AUL IC, the 5th Reg’t. at Managua, Nic. ne some very good traffic work with DPO reports the OHs have faded with eason coming, his DX now being C. SCM was glad to hear from ex- ports he and WS8DFC, a new station, very active as a relay station. V8CLQ 68, WS8DPO 28, WS8DFC 23, WSAUL 5, WS8DNL 6. SCM, J. F. Wohlford, W8CA—W38KU over to see GC-6NX and to get a W3WM. WS8TN is back from sea on W3JT and W3IT is going good with his tele- vision work. W8WD threatens to come on the air again soon. WS8ALS has QRM from school and radio repair work and has had to cancel some of his skeds before 9 pm. W3FJ is on the air now with a 210 LCH circuit. He is ex-4AR. W8HO is doing a little work now. W3IB, a YL, seems to have good QSO and gets the QSLs in cards and fotos. W3AMB is repairing the transmitter. W3HY finds that school work interferes with his radio. WS8BZ is still tinkering around with the old junk. WS8ANV finds that his other business QRMS his radio activities. W3BDZ rebuilt his receiver and threatens to put out a wicked crystal signal. W3CKL has recently worked WFBT and will get sked with the Byrd Expedition soon. Traffic : W38CKL 181, W8ALS 27, WS3FJ_ 7, W3HY 65. NORTH CAROLINA—SCM, Enno Schuelke, W4SJ —tTraffic activities have picked up considerably with the advent of cooler weather. QRN has more or less “gone west” and things look better around this section. 1929 is about upon us and a lot of the fellows are getting the old set slicked up and changed according to 1929 ideas of what the well- equipped ham station will look like. Traffic is coming, as the more active stations will testify. W4AEW believes in piling them up as his total shows. His North and South skeds are going FB now. W4EL is back on the air again with a High- C Hartley and is spending most of his time DXing and chewing the rag. (Why not try some traffic, OM?) W4OC is the proud owner of an African drum which he received as a souvenir from fqPM with whom he still has a sked. Any of you fel- lows having traffic that way give the old boy a eall and he will clear for you. W4HV reports not much doing because of repair work to BCL sets and trying to dope out new antenna systems W4AB says he will be back home and on by Dec 20th and will be ready for any and all calls he hears. W4SJ spent some time visiting W4AHH and reports a pleasant time rag chewing. W4AHH claims to have too much YL QRM (watch your step, OB). W4JR is still busy helping W4CQ re- build WBT. Say, fellows, there is need of two Official Observer (OO) stations in this section. Who will volunteer for this work? Send in your ap- plication to your SCM. Here’s wishing the whole gang a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year Traffic: W4AEW 122, W40C 41, W4TS 12, W4SJ 8, W4HV 3. ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISION OLORADO—SCYM, C. R. Stedman, W9CAA—This : report isn’t going to give the Denver gang much of a boost and none too much can be said for the balance of the Section. It happens that the SCM has been unable to get to club meetings in Denver, and due to sickness has been unable to be on the air much the latter part of the month. For some other reason, no reports have been received from stations. Let’s get going, gang. There is a provision in your appointment as ORS that requires your report regularly on penalty of losing the If you don’t believe it, stop and think of it, then go look at your certificate and the pledge you signed at the bottom of the same before the SCM put his “John Henry” there. A pledge should mean some- thing to you, fellows. I trust that I will not be put in the bad position again that I am in this time in trying to make up a report. W9CAA holds down a schedule with W9CZC and works west hit and miss in good shape. A number of requests for schedules have been received and are being given attention by the RM to whom they were turned over. W9DGJ has become one of the U. S. Department of Agriculture Net stations for Denver. W9DKM has been sick but pounds a little brass anyway. He and W9CAA have been playing around with 160 meters but W9CAA is the only one of the two who is getting out on that band. W9CDE says that 14 me. is getting better but that 7000 is thick with QRM. He works W9EAE at Trinidad on schedule. W9EHP has been sick. W9DQV at Grand Junction seems to be doing good work. He has just been appointed ORS. W9ERN at Boulder lost his pole and antenna in an 85 mile wind. Hard luck, OM. W9CCM has a 75 watter but says she isn’t getting out of the back yard with it. W9ERU has been quite busy with school work. Traffic: W9CAA 82, WSCDE 4, WSDQV 47, W9EUR 3, UTAH-WYOMING—SCM, P. N. James, W6BAJ— Activity in the Section has begun to take on a new aspect and we have more traffic stations than ever. QS T FOR JANUARY 1929

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ir nd of w (8) ns Y 0. is ad th 3 J th or id i ia tat ie Be Fo, ee 8 FL Ue Ue UO Ul There are still several fellows in the section who are not reporting their traffic. Let’s hear from you. It is not necessary to be an ORS in order to report. W6BTX and W6DPJ who are operating together, tried to make the BPL, but had too much QRM from school work. They have a remote controlled trans- mitter working on 14,000 and 7000 kc. W6DYE is starting to get some good schedules lined up, which his traffic total shows. W6RV has changed from 7000 to the 3500 ke. band. W6BXM sends in his initial report and he wants some good schedules. W6BAJ was QRW school so not much traffic. He is a USDA station. W6BVB is on 7000 ke. with an 852. ; W6DZX was only on about seven days, because of sickness and the set is being torn apart. Better luck next month, OB. What’s the matter with you fellows in Wyoming? There must be some activity up there. Traffic: W6BTX-W6DPJ 92, W6DYE 45, W6RV 21, W6DXM 18, W6BAJ 14, W6BVB 4, W6DZX 2. SOUTHEASTERN DIVISION LABAMA—Acting SCM, S. J. Bayne, W4AAQ— W4AAH maintains foreign schedules with his UX-852. W4VC has the prettiest DC note in North Alabama. W4JY more than held up his end of the monthly traffic total. W4AIY says his OW QRM’s him with bridge parties. Hi. W4AJY has a nifty fifty watt outfit and is doing fine work in Anniston. W4AHY spent the month experimenting with his transmitter. Shoot your traffic to W4AHP. He has his traffic routes mapped out with a bunch of schedules. W4AHR has been QRW school work but comes through with a pleasing report. W4AJR is on the job on the 7000 ke. band. W4AAQ is work- ing DX on 7000 and experimenting with fone on 3500. WA4TI and the Selma gang are heard often but reports from that section are lacking. Better get those reports in, fellows. Traffic: W4AHR 59, W4JY 50, W4AHP 47, W4AJY 34, W4AJR 8, W4AIY 7, W4AAQ 7, FLORIDA—SCM, C. E. Ffoulkes, W4LK—This will be the last report I will make as I am resigning this month. I am leaving Florida the first of the year and hope to work all the gang from my new location. I wish to thank all the gang for their co- operation and I wish you a happy New Year and good luck for the year 1929. Mr. E. M. Winters, W4HY, has consented to look after the affairs of the section until a new SCM is elected. His QRA is 2144 Roselle St., Jacksonville, Fla. Please mail all reports to him. Hope you will stand behind him and put Florida ahead. W4AITII has handled the most traffic this month. W4BN has a regular sked with W4KY. W4TK wants some new DX. Tampa has a new ham in W4AJK. W4ABJ has returned home from the hospital. W4CK will be back in Miami soon after spending the summer in Washington, D. C. W4ACC is still building the new set. W4AGY says he can’t get any traffic out of his QSO’s. W4AEF has returned from a trip abroad. W4NE is working some DX. Will see the gang on the air as soon as I get settled in my new location. Traffic: W4AII 80, W4BN 14, W4TK 10, W4AJK 8, W4ABJ 4. WEST GULF DIVISION OUTHERN TEXAS—SCM, R. E. Franklin, S 'W50X—Fine radio weather seems to be prevail- ing all over the section this month and I am expecting a larger report for next month. A large majority of the traffic handling stations are rebuild- ing their transmitters ‘1929 style’. Here’s hoping it increases the message totals. W5MS has applied for a renewal of his ORS and is on the air with the former 250 watt crystal controlled set of W5WE- W5ZAI. W5LP has just purchased a couple of 281’s and is working on the 14,000 and 7000 ke. bands. He also has a fone going on 1700 ke. W5ABQ is the voice behind KGCI—now tell them about it, OM. W5HS has woke up after being dormant for quite awhile and we are hoping he will be with us for a long time this time. W5AHP has come to life with a 203A operating on the 7000 ke. band, using an attic antenna and has worked as far as Panama getting nice reports. FB, OM. W5AEA of Richmond, is having his transmitter revamped “1929 style” by W5OX and hopes to be on the air again soon with a real station. QS T FOR JANUARY 1929 Traffic: W5LP 15, W5ABQ 14, W5AHP 5, W5HS 5, W5MS 4. NORTHERN TEXAS—SCM, J. H. Robinson, W5AKN—Evidently you fellows have grown tired of seeing your section written up in QST, from the way reports didn’t show up. It seems the gang are all waiting until after the first of the year to hear what it sounds like, before making any changes. The Dallas hams are going to divide, some going to the 3500 ke. band while others to 28 mc., 14 mc., and 7000 ke. bands. A few of the old standbys re- ported as usual. W5BAD at Ennis heads the list for traffic this month. He says school takes up most of his time. W5HY was host to the Chief Operator from W5AIN, the Army-Amateur Net Control Station for a couple of days. They spent the time working DX and some traffic. W5ATZ reports working VESCB, his first QSO out of the States. FB, OM. W5AAE is keeping a schedule with W5LC who is using a 201A. W5AAE also uses the same sort of transmitter both stations being in the 1850 ke. band (162.2 meters) and report R7 sigs. Reports from Illinois, Nebraska, Kansas and Missouri. Seems the high waves are OK. W50OE is rebuilding the station for 1929 operation. FB, OM. W5BBF has been hoboing over the state. (He must be a Dry Agent). Says he is now home getting the xmitter fixed for all frequencies (not at the same time?) W5AKN- W5BG moved the station into another part of the house so no traffic was handled. W5ACL has the heart’s disease. Yes, YL’s, understand his QRA is very portable. Traffic: W5BAD 32, W5HY 15, W5ATZ 8, W5AAE 5, W50E 4, W5BBF 1, W5ACL 1. OKLAHOMA—SCM, J. G. Morgan, W5AMO—Ac- tivities in this neck of the woods seem to be running according to schedule. The SCM has been doing a little work with the Canadian amateurs on 5720 ke. There are some good QSOs waiting for the American hams, gang. Listen in on them some evening. This frequency is apparently better than our 7000 ke. one as there is an absence of fading that 7000 ke. is famous for here lately. The SCM has been using a UX-210 lately and reports as good results from it as he used to get with the 852. However, a new 852 will be forthcoming shortly. W5APG is setting the pace for the Okla. City gang. More power to you, old timer. W5AFX is in the usual slump that follows a heavy DX _ conquest. W5AHD (Barlow Huff, Altus, Okla.) fell from an airplane and suffered a fractured skull in the accident. He is an old-timer and many of you will remember him from the 200 meter days. Better luck next time, old man, and hope your recovery will be speedy. W5AIR’s sigs may be found on the 7000 and 1750 ke. bands. He also reports the usual QRM from studies at school. W5AYO reports that his results on 14 and 28 mc. have been very gratifying. His new xmitter works FB. W5VH has been hand- ling a bunch of traffic lately and is desirous of sug- gesting that amateurs be a little more accurate in the copying of messages and the delivery of same. A good suggestion, OM. W5ANT has been doing a little work at KGCB and between that and the regu- lar job he has had little time to pound brass. How- ever, he brought down a nice total for messages in spite of the heavy schedule with the other things. W5ADV reports for the first time and promises to continue in the future. The SCM has heard a flock of DX answering him, but with a failure to connect. Better remodel the receiver, OM, or maybe I could sell you mine—how? Hi. Some of the Okla. hams are handling a lot of traffic and not reporting. C’mon fellows, some of you can just as well have your totals in QST. W5OM reports having been QSO both coasts in one day on the 28 me. 14 mc., 7000 ke. and 3500 ke. bands. Traffic: W5ANT 20, W5AMO 131, W5FJ 115, W5VH 42, W5AYO 9, W5AIR 4, W5ADV 11, W5APG 37, W50M 117. CANADA ONTARIO DIVISION NTARIO—SCM, E. C. Thompson, VE4FC— Cen- O tral Dist: VES3BL is our star traffic station this month. All his work was done on schedule on 5710 ke. using just the 210 supplied from batteries. A 500 watt set with are rectified supply is expected to blast forth very soon from VESBL. VE8BC runs a very close second with a fine traffic total and an en- vious DX record. The lantern is doing its stuff. xi

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Vi iking out his schedules OK despite the a generator. VE9BJ is back on the air ' and is keeping schedules with eastern ta E3BO has been having the time of his f ke. making many contacts and handling VESEO has a new 1929 type trans- mitt the usual 210 and is to be found nightly He is also interested in 28,000 ke. where ard before long. VE3DV has a new n r to help him live up to 1929 standards. VI rystal-controlled on 5710 ke. VE3BT ha radiophone on the upper end of the 5 VES3SCL now has a 210 with which he y on 14,000 ke. When this is rad, he w ke. instead. VES3CQ sends in his ays that the 201A in the trans- m n give place to a 210. He favors 571 ff VE3BP has some good schedules ar r traffic on 7000 ke. He will be with on. VES8FC confines his work to yn 5710 ke. which gives him plenty rediscovered the 5710 ke. band. S VES8CS is the star in this district s; being given a good run for his t He is keeping several DX and lules and his total shows that they vain. His DX list now includes new ones have been added this 5710 ke. VESAQ is forming a | stations with his own as the time to handle traffic on schedule 15710 ke. VESIA is now back on ‘ on 5710 ke. before this is in print. H now discarded in favor of a pair of >S1” formed a code-class in his city and h all of whom are prospective amateurs. Be to be found regularly on all t mostly on 7000 ke. VESAY says there h traffic on 7000 ke. but lots of good -or be on 5710 ke. before the end of N worked across the Pond, making n the “‘G’s”’. Nor VE8CJ up in the frozen north is usair -Pin of the traffic net, which is hape under his very enthusiastic organization is not yet complete, rood deal more traffic than usual is fi arly in our Province and out of it. done on 5710 ke. with the rest the dynamic brass pounder and Re M deserves huge credit for his fine wor been very active using 5710 kc. has worked up a fine traffic total. VE3H 1710 ke. on schedules every eve- y 7 t ST Tr VE3BC 53, VE3CJ 52, VE3CS 43 VE3FC 25, VE9SAL 17, VE3BP 10, VESI L 1, VE3BT 1, VE3TM 1. QUEBEC DIVISION QI M, “Alex Reid, VE2BE—tThe first r VE2AP was a great success nagine the rag-chewing that went it being the first gettogether winter. John deserves a great for the fine station he has as- hort time and all present wished hin { greatest of all games. VE2BB with VE2CA and VE2AP has rebuilt aI 852 and reports many foreign con- ports three condensers gone west note and keeps his nightly tilding a sereen grid receiver. VE2! the Franklin circuit and reports tl r VE2AD is working on a new on shortly. VE2HT, VE2BE ar ’ n 1750 ke. with fone on Sunday mor R turns in the best traffic report. He ‘s old reliable when it comes to traff 2 close second and says he is tation a 100 message per month atior winter. VE2BE has a morning sked S.S. Eleanor Bolling of the Byrd Ext undles considerable traffic. VE2BD ha } license and can be heard most every VE2AB of Quebec City is now on. Th r 1 two reliable stations in the abov lls a gap in our traffic route which we h working on for years. VE2AL has more nd is arranging winter skeds. Traffic : 25, VE2ZAL R 59, VE2AC 37, VE2BE 29, VE2BB E2AM 14. VE2B 8, V VANALTA DIVISION ALBERTA—SCM, E. J. Taylor, VE4HA—Sunday Nov. 4th we heard W8XK, W5AOT, and W5AWZ in 28 mc. band at about R5. VE4AH still working on his new installation and hopes to be on very soon. VE4CU likewise. Think VE4CL is out of town. VE4EP is on the road most of the time. Glad to welcome addition to our midst of VE4EY from Winnipeg. VE4FT is very active on 7000 ke. VE4HA is on 14,000 ke. most of the time. VE4HM rebuilt the 1929 transmitter—some note, Charlie. VE410 and VE4HC come in with a real kick here. Traffic: VE4FT 2, VE4HM 2, VE4HA 1, VE4EP 1. CANADA PRAIRIE DIVISION MANITOBA—SCM, D. B. Sinclair, VE4FV— VE4DK, a new ORS, leads the Section this month. FB, OM, keep it up. He is using a 210 in a 1929 type TP-TG circuit and gets a pure DC crystal note. Bad weather conditions and lack of power spoiled VE4FV’s DX but he managed to QSO EG, NN, NJ, OZ and NR. He keeps a tri-weekly sked with nj-2PA when he can hear him. VE4AR sent in his initial report this month from Boissevain. Always glad to hear from you, OM. VE4DB is work- ing all around and is trying feverishly for an Aussie. VE4DI experiments with new circuits and is now testing out a 3500 ke. phone. We now have VE4GQ back with us again at a new QRA with a fundamental zeppelin antenna and a fifty on 14,000 ke. He worked several stations with his antenna system in the cellar. Hi, VE4FN now has a 1929 type Hartley and while he gets a beautiful crystal DC note, does not get out very well. He claims his Zeppelin antenna is at fault. The DC note of VE4EK is still heard. We have with us three new stations using temporary ealls: VE4ZR, VE4WS and VE4MO. The most successful of the trio so far is VE4MO who is using a 201A in an 1876 (hi) Hartley on 14,000 ke. The experimental work of the section is being carried on nobly by VE4CT and VE4DU who are both work- ing on the 28 mec. band with considerable success. The OBS activities of VE4DP seem to have inspired him with new life and despite the accident of blowing a 210 he is going strong with a fifty. VE4BP has been quite successful with his decrepit 210 and gets R7 from California. He was annoyed to find his chemical rectifier frozen solid the other day. Hi. One of the best signals in the district is that emitted by VE4DJ. He is anxious to work DX but has had no luck as yet though R8’s come thick. Two new stations have started up with their official calls recently, namely VE4JB and VE4HR. They are both using 1929 type Hartleys and Zeppelin antennas. VE4BU has been heard pounding away. VE4HF has finally decided that a rebuilt station is a necessity. VE4FO’s antenna system runs from his shack down to the front and back fences. VEAGI, VE4DL and VE4DW are known to be active. How about some dope, OM’s? Traffic: VE4DK 17, VE4FV 13, VE4DB 4, VE4DI 6. VE4GQ 1, VE4FN 1, VE4AR 7, VE4EK 4, VEADJ 8. SASKATCHEWAN-—SCM, W. J. Pickering, VE4FC —VEAGR is doing good work and is anxious for more traffic. VE4IH is QRV every day from 11 am to 3 pm on 7000 ke. VE4BM is still working on his Zepp. By the time the gang reads this, it will be 1929 and the SCM hopes all the stations will continue active and make the year a real one for traffic. Traffic: VE4GR 13, VE4IH 9, VE4BM 3. LATE AND ADDITIONAL REPORTS W8DJV is QRW school work. W4ABR is going good on 14 me. He also heard WSBS long way around, R4. W9CJB, and W9FEH sent in their traffic by radio from their SCM, W9RR. Traffic: W9FEH 18. W9DJV 4, W4ABR 3, W9ICJB 11, QS T FOR JANUARY 1929 ~~, ~« Se a Se

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ilt 10 eee" « TS eS ee ae SS

~~

A Message Handling System

By G. F. Lampkin* OR several years there has been in use at WSCAU a message-handling system that has worthwhile advani- ages. When the standard A.R.R.L. notation is applied to the message blank it takes the form shown in Fig. 1. The blank sheet, 842” by 5%”, is just half the standard typewriter size. On it are mimeographed the standard notation; city of origin, station of origin, message number, date, and check, in the arrangement shown. At the bottom of the sheet are noted the facts about the reception of the mesage, that is; the station from which the message was re- ceived, date, time and operator’s sine. Similar data are recorded when the message is re-

New York City | CITY OF ORIGIN STATION Derver © | PA ’ . ee NUMBER DATE CHECK sé [art 2s lL "> . w M "ov 24S reepect oF Veuw y & c.f ple 7 err <s7%erae *e k& F step t< te Oo, k Reo'd from: "Te 2-7 ~*/oe¢ 7p ‘ . Sent to: 2Aapr 7 yun on |

FIGURE 1. THE GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE BLANK FOLLOWS CLOSELY THE RECOM- MENDED MESSAGE FORM. The city of destina- tion is written at the top and is extremely helpful in the filing and locating of the messages. layed. Or, if mailed or telephoned, nota- tion to that effect is made after “sent to:”. The text, of course, is written in the large central space.

*3612 Woodbridge Place, Cincinnati, Ohio QS T FOR JANUARY 1929

The unique feature of the system lies in writing the destination of the message at the top of the sheet, and filing all messages in the rack shown in Fig. 2, and in the photo- graph. The six compartments of the rack are lettered NORTH, EAST, SOUTH, WEST, SENT and DELIVERY. Thus by placing a message in its proper place, a glance tells what traffic is on hand and where it is going. There is no littering of the station with traffic, no hurried search- ing through a hookful of papers for one message, and much less crazy routing of messages. The DELIVERY space gets messages intended for delivery, or which have been on hand the maximum of 48 hours and must be mailed. In the SENT com- partment are placed the messages on which handling has been completed. Once a month, the SENT messages are made up in a bunch and filed away. If oc- casion arises for locating a given message, this can be done by thumbing over the top of the file, for the identifying station call and number are conspicuous near the top of the sheet. The example given is that for a message which was relayed through the station. Operator “OL” received the message Jan.

J

THE FINISHED FILE. It takes up a minimum of table space and allows the operator to see at a glance just what traffic is at hand. When contact with an- other station is obtained, it is but a simple matter to withdraw from the file all messages that should be sent. 26, 7:46 P.M., from W9EZM: “hr msg fm denver col W9ZX nr 56 jan 25 to mr h w mecord 3456 prospect st new york city— howard left yesterday for stockton cal stop XV

Page 78

he ite on arrival—sig dick.” The m<¢ was relayed the same night, and Ww tations made after “Sent to:”, a con tory for the passage of the mes- sag rh the station is had. 43}¢—— 52° lal ; /+4 " fa =—T i = | — ty i — ~ ’ he ‘ .

< ae 8 r

W5NW made the sunbeams shine for a resident of Laredo, Texas, when he delivered a filial messag« which came from a wandering son via Chilean 1AlI. W2BAC tells us that he has QSO IZZ, the been S. S. Rusher, on approximately 14800 ke. (20.3 m.) WIBYV also has worked 1ZZ. W9ASX is responsible for the fol- lowing story: “Miller, W9DUZ, was recently conversing with a philanthrop- ic old gentleman, who asked him what good was radio. derived from amateur The man wanted to know, among other things, if all this long- distance communication was fact, whether W9DUZ had done any of it, and if there was anything beneficial to humanity in it at all. W9DUZ re- plied, Experimentation by the amateur is valuable experience itself to the in- dividual participating as well as benefi- cial to humanity in general. All the long-distance communication of which you have heard has actually taken place, although I have been unable to take part in any of it, owing to low power caused by my unstable financia!

MESSAGE File } THE PLAN DIMEN 1SE GIVEN ABOVE. ISIONS OF d almost instantly. TRAFFIC BRIEFS : both interesting and profitable up circuitous routings, unreliable or brings to light unusual tion with our local and long Tracer forms are available at Head nd a few will be mailed on request to ar man who asks for them by postal or necessary in tracing a mes- me a copy of the message to the tracer of which has been filled out)— and t preferably with several extra stamps for to the station to whom your hg stat rator ' ra c that is indice age was given, with the request that form be filled in and passed along. Ar r from W1MK on a relayed message for th pines shows what excellent time was made ir g one message. In spite of the fact that th at re was handled by ten different sta- ior livered in less than eight days, mak- ing su progress each day. Here is the rout- ing, ¥ , ws that in spite of considerable relay- ing being essary on the west coast to “land” the message ation known as having reliable Philip- pine cor very operator used his head so that the m : rot through: W1MK-W9ENM-W60J- Wé6BOY-W RD - W6UJ - W6ZBJ - W6AJM-KIiCM - KIHR Pueblo, Hollywood, Oakland, San Fran Monte, Santa Barbara, San Diego, Ft. Mills |! McKinley P. I.). If 3 od log and a complete message file as r r Rules and Regulations, and if each messa promptly and accurately (within 48 hor If the length of time required for foreigr veries for continents outside North Amer need to worry about the dam- agi ser can show about your operation. Please r tracers. Pass them on promptly as ' ntial information has been filled in and omments on such matters as ac- cur separate sheets. We hope to run ar general operating work when suffi- cient nur racers have been examined so that gener ns may be drawn. W3AA sppsentnatey 7,200 ke. (41.76 m.) an 20.88 m.) at Baguio, P. L., this winter

The sections being i in etepe allow each group of blanks to stand ‘ a fashion as to allow any one message to status. He was then queried as to the funds necessary for the establishment of a stable financial amateur status. Miller replied, ‘Oh, about two or three hundred _ dollars.’ (Such a liar W9ASX). Thereupon, the old gentle- man immediately sat down on a stump and penned out a check for 4 ‘grand’; and as our hero stepped forward to accept the gift—alas! he fell out of bed !’’ THE When the DeMolay brothers met in conclave in Columbus, Ohio, many business and fraternal mes- sages were handled for them by WSBBR, W8CNO, and W8SBYN During the summer W2BME scheduled-station men) visited Hq. and the Brainard Field Station. “Ie was rather taken aback on looking for the crystal! in the transmitter to be told that there was none in the station—in spite of the crystal note. It reminded us of the garage mechanic who spent ten minutes hunting for the radiator to fill on a Franklin car. (one of W1MK’s W8BJQ has made several discs for his television receiver from old phonograph records and reports them as entirely satis- factory. Television now utilizes everything but the old razor blades. Any suggestions?

4 || ny Th )) rib A LARCE NUMGER OF BRASS POUNDERS ARE TELEPHONE MEN. 4NT AT WILSON,A-GC IS A BUG SHOOTER

QS T FOR JANUARY 1929

— a

mee all real em} to s avo pos eith at : will you you It’s or | this and side in | tod the the ing wil der pro tod Rush Nar City

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Have Youa Commercial License? A RE you looking for a good Radio job in some commercial station, broadcast station or on board ship? I am getting more calls than I can fill for just such positions. The fact is I can’t train men fast enough and am therefore forced to appeal every- where for experienced men with commercial licenses who are will- ing to accept advancement in the Radio game. Urgently Needed The steady growth of Radio means more jobs and bigger jobs all along the line for the man who really “knows his Radios.” Radio / employers are constantly after me { to supply their needs. In order to »¥ avoid disappointing them, I will positively make NO CHARGE either to you or to your employer at any time if we place you. Nor will there be any obligation on you to take any position offered you, even if it means more money. It’s entirely up to you to “take it or leave it” and I will repeat that this unusual offer is absolutely free and at ys Ft =~ ¢€ o You will be con- No Cost to All applications sidered on the basis of merit and in the order received here. Write today to Mr. Murray, Manager of the Employment Department of the National Radio Institute, stat- | ing your qualifications and grade of license you hold. Mr. Murray will hold your letter in strict confi- dence and will try to place you | promptly. Get in touch with him Read This Letter 2320 Maple St Little Rock, Ark I> Mer Smith It will interest you to know that I have made be- $2.500 and $3,000 in Radio since I enrolled with you Now I am in tween Radio exclusively and witha Much Better Income and a thousand times more pleasant and congenial work I think I can honestly say that at least 85 to 80 per cent of this income is directly traceable to my N. R. I. Training I fully completed a transmitter of 0 wa les ‘ t operate to 1,000 watts) from the information and knowledge I got from my N | ae | tr I is the transmitter for Sta tion KGJPF. I feel as if I } got “Out Of The Rut” and am beginning to live in the daylight of congenial nd ; k ar l Not A “Wise Ege” but just a plumber who got tired of cleaning out sewers and after mature life, with a wife and chil- dren to support, had enough laily grind and disgust for the Enough Ambition to try to better myself, and enough self-control to pur- sue my purpose in of ridicule I feel well spite Your friend because you have helped me K W GRIFFITH Many Fine Jobs for Amateurs VOU “O M’s” deserve first credit for what Radio is today—but why remain. blind to the fact that Radio is now paying some of the biggest salaries in American in- dustry for “work” that is play to you? Why be satisfied with dull, routine jobs when commercial Radio offers you MORE MONEY as well as work that is almost romance? Right now I am com- pelled to advertise for men to fill positions which are opening faster than I can train men to fill them. Your Opportunity Waiting Every year hundreds of oppor- tunities in the many branches of Radio are offered first to graduates of the National Radio Institute—to men I have trained. Calls for Radio service men, testers, inspec- custom set builders, and operators for every kind of station come to me from all over this continent. Employers everywhere look to me for capable, trained men to fill their important posts, the jobs which pay the best money. Let me tell you what I can do for you. tors, Get My FREE Book Find out for yourself that there is big money in Radio—yes, a fine job, fame, travel if you like. No matter how much you know about Radio, no matter how good you already are at the game—I can give you valuable information that other hams have used to make good money QUICK. Write today for “Rich Rewards in Radio,” my 64- page book about the practical way today. to better pay. | Mail Coupon for Book or Write TODAY ee oN = me eS eee — = = —— a Ty Mr. P. J. Murray, Employment Manager, Mr. J. E. Smith, President, Dept. 9M51, National Radio Institute, Dept. 9M51, National Radio Institute, Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Murray: I want a good Radio job and I am well qualified to hold I want a one. (Write kind of license held and kind of position wanted.) Rewards in j Rush me an Employment Application Blank, no obligation. e fo Name — Address City snetenneitai State Washington, D. C. S Radio job Rush me your free book, ‘‘Rich good Radio,’ telling me how I can easily and quickly a r-pay Radio position i licetse a Say You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST 65

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66

The Undisputed Distance Champion

HE Federal F47—and its com- yanion table model, the F11 re undisputed distance . ~ “ - ‘ vs . Sh 4 = ge » ¥ \ et adcdiio BUILT TO Say You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST Correspondence Dept. (Continued from page 48) 2. Antenna coupling: After 30 minutes testing a point was found, about 6” coupling was O.K. in my case. 3. Cushioned socket. The signals went swinging to and fro worse than a Charles- ton dance until the socket was jammed solid. I changed the socket for an ordinary one without the cushion immediately. 4. Shaky support, table or shelf on which transmitter is set. I put the set in a far corner of the shack and put it on 4 big rub- ber sponges. In this way serious vibration was avoided. For hours I listened in with the monitor box, asked my QSO companions to give me a report, and the pure d.c. steady signals came in R4, R5, R6, R7 depending on atmospherics, and time of the day. All this on 14,200 ke. On 28,000 ke. the set works fine though no outside testing was made, my receiver not being quite ready yet. But the frequency meter and monitor box gave me what information I wished. I guess this might clear up some troubles of other “hams.” —Alphy L. Blais, VE2AC Tragedy Minneapolis, Minn. Editor, QST: : The clipping presented herewith from The St. Paul Pioneer Pres: should surely serve as a warning. In this case there was no fuse in 110 volt lead. The main switch vas connected in such a way that it cut everything off but the plate current. W9GEY attempted to make a change with one lead in his hand while working on the other. —F. J. Gerlick, W9FR BUILDER KILLED SHOWING OWN WORK RICE LAKE, WISC. NOV. 27—C. J. McDonald, 45-year-old Soo Line brakeman residing at Dresser Junction, was electrocuted while demonstrating a home-made broadcasting radio set. RADIO McDonald, a radio enthusiast, had recently in- stalled a 250-watt type transmitter, the largest built for amateurs, in addition to a large trans- former. The number of his broadcasting station was W9GEY. While showing some of his friends how the set electricity He is sur- worked, he received the full charge of off the line and died almost instantly. vived by his widow and four children. About Television Memphis, Tenn. Editor, QST: As a reader of QST I have been intensely interested in the articles pertaining to short-wave receivers and their application or use with resistance coupled amplifiers with and in conjunction with scanning devices. There is a dearth of material on the sub- ject of television except in certain publica- tions. These articles are certainly whoop- ing it up and seem willing to write up any

ee

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ee ee THERMO -COUPLE-TY PE INSTRUMENTS- Move 425 NSTRUMENTS of this type, originated and developed by the Weston Company, are universally employed for measuring both high and low frequency currents. Their use has extended with the wide application of radio frequency into a great number of fields of experimental engineering and commercial activity. Incomparable in their refinements of mechanical and electrical design and un- usually accurate and dependable in performance for such small instruments, the Weston Miniature Meters—Thermo-Couple types as well as A. C. and D. C. models—are everywhere accepted as the highest standards for radio testing service. Thermo-Couple Types For Panel Mounting Made as Thermo-Am- meters, Thermo-Mil- liammeters, and Ther- mo-Galvanometers or Current Squared Meters Flush Type—2” and 3%” diameter. Fur- nished in metal or bake- lite cases. Portable mounting bases also supplied. The Weston Thermo-Couple Type Ammeter is furnished in ranges from one to 20 amperes having a safe overload capacity of 50%. It solves perfectly the problem of measuring high frequency currents such as are imparted to the antennae. Equally accurate for low frequency measurements and gives satisfactory service for D. C. measurements as well as A. C. Milliammeters are furnished in three sizes—125, 250 and 500 ma. They give definite assurance of the output and accurate readings after hours of constant service. Extra large overloads will not burn out these meters. They are ideal for short wave transmission as they have a very low internal electrostatic capacity. For this reason they give the true value of the current in the circuit and do not disturb the constants in a transmitter. Write for Circular J. WESTON ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENT CORPORATION 602 FRELINGHUYSEN AVENUE - NEWARK,N.J. WESTON RADIO INSTRUMENTS Say You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST

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A detailed treatment of vacuum tube cir- cuit theory ; this book iine it a depend ion of laces ~ se 1 in with I y to iner ireuits TH RY OF TH MIONIC VAC M TUBE ( UITS Ry I ES PETERS 4 En ymisin v with so that uit ! issed McGRAW FREE EXAMINATION COUPON 8 Met ' ‘ ' tw 5 ' —e ' ¥ Theory of Thermionic 1 g Va 00, postpaid. I will either g '' prepaid, in 10 days, or re- g ' ' ' 1 MED cnscecievavercsisnnenesvestiedseneusseaninnn 5 oe A We |... vsccesieubenabedsosdedbuseeaeen n % 1 ROMY ocvccccsrevsccnaveccnesssebusseensentsuteennse - PED 66.6 0 6 Ge 6066.00 0.6665 00466660606 6000660606 600050 1 8 Name of Employer .........cccccccccccccccccccccce a . vii ' | t a eeeeee . oeeeeeeeeee 1 a (B he U.S. and Canada only) 5 . Q.S.T. 12-1-28 5 i... eS @ @ @ @ eB ew ew ew eee ee eee ee et di hool Mass. Radio Schoo Est. 1905 } > to $50 Per Week TI n of RADIO has cre- ate positions on land and sea Airways, Intercity R and Television as well as N Marine, Broadcasting, Ra Repair Work. We ing for service with t} m of America. Or E. eonducting Radio, M nd Radio Service and In IV. e in good positions lio operators than any 0 Radio School. En term begins Jan. 7. B ht Classes. Send for (a 18 BOY Tel. Han. 8184 BOSTON old advertiser’s product if the ads are forthcoming. MHere’s an illustration: See- ing the ad of one of these companies, I fell for it hook, line and sinker. Through a local jobber I placed an order for a re- ceiver bearing a list of 100 iron dollars. This is what I received: Two seanning disks of cheap bakelite, both warped, the center holes unlike; a cheap resistance coupled amplifier. Now get this: Last but not least there was a flimsy stand on which was mounted a motor. The motor was a second-hand Dictaphone motor acquired in a job lot from somewhere. Not even new, mind you. Second hand, of say one thirtieth horsepower. The shaft was ap- proximately 4%” in diameter and of such length that the weight of the disk caused uneven rotation, There is one thing I do admire about you birds. You’re always trying and the published articles are based on actual test and experiment. Let’s have some real tele- vision articles. We know you are the only outfit that is on the square. Personally I’d like to get my hands on some of the manu- facturers of the junk sent me. I’d also like to strangle some of the thirty cent ex- perts, —Huah J Mooney. (We refer Mr. Mooney to T, O. M.’s story on “Rotten Television” in this issue.—Ed.) 2*@e Increasing Transmitting Anterna Efficiency (Continued from Page 44) ferent wavelengths and all the results were in accord with the above typical case. In general, the addition of any concen- trated structure to the ends of an anten- na, of a value not exceeding 10 percent of the effective capacity or inductance of the THE TYPE OF END LOADING COILS USED Suspended beween the Ohio Brasa Company porce- lain Ynsulatore is an inaulating frame carrying the spaced winding of heavy copper. This is a 22-turn, 214” coil for use at 40 metere on a 60 foot antenna antenna itself, may be expected to increase the effectiveness about 14 percent, provided that the same potential amplitude is as- sumed in both cases. Sa@,-S trays $) A reprint has been prepared of Dr. Chester W. Rice’s article, “Short-Wave Radio Transmission and Its Practical Uses”, which appeared in the July and August, 1927 issues of QST. Several errors ap- peared in the original publication, which have been corrected in the reprint. A copy of the reprint will be mailed to any QST reader upon request. You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST

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f Radios most complete testing outfit — — Converts service calls into sure profits! TT'HIS Hickok Set and Tube Tester meets every requirement of service dealers who demand accurate, complete testing equipment to safeguard their interests and increase their profits. | : Within this single unit is incorporated the necessary apparatus for making any and every test on all types of AC and DC Sets and Tubes; it consists of five meters: Plate Voltmeter AC Filament Voltmeter DC Filament Voltmeter Grid Voltmeter Plate Milliameter Resistance per volt —1333-'; ohms Two sets of cables are furnished for UV and UX or UY tubes; also attachments for all dome type tubes. At a slightly extra cost, a serviceable black leather carrying case with a compartment for extra tubes, cables and tools is provided, making the Hickok Tester the logical complete equipment for service work A beautiful scientifically designed testing unit containing 5 meters at practically the same price you would pay for 2 meter testers. No buttons to push—no multi-scale meters to read. The correct equipment for store and home service work everywhere. Write for latest Service Manual No. 25 containing 6 SEES ALL -— TELLS ALL 9 valuable Service Data on proper testing methods. | RADIO SET TESTER, HE HicKOK ELECTRICAL for every AC and DC Set and Tube INSTRUMENT COMPANY Cleveland, Ohio Say You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST 69

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—== Complete Parts for SILVER-MARSHALL No. 730 “Round-the-World” 4 MP LETE short wave receiver ( \ it to 204 meters) and two- stage audio amplifier. All wave lengths are ered with no dead spots. Ama- teur bands fall well to center of tuning dial. Net $30.00. Completely const ed $38.80. C.0.D. or cash wit] r. Postage or express extra. \lso Complete Stock of Lea lays—R.E.L. Products—3000- Volt Rectobulbs—Omnigraphs—Vibro- plex: Silver-Marshall Shield Grids. Sen New 1929 Ham Book—FREE C H I - R A D CHICAGO RADIO APPARATUS CO. 415 S. DEARBORN ST., CHICAGO You, Too, Can Have sve Fall - Toned Reception Two years sco few. except the experimental engineers, even dreamed of radio reception as it is today. No wonder Redio hes come into its own—that polities and sports mow reech militons of people here-to-for but_ little interested. The life-like reality of jon would in- deed be startling had we not grewn sccustemed to it gradually You, too, ca esess that kind of radio reception—at ompa cost Power amplification is the biggest rea for the marvelous quality of radio today. sin gle successes of the 1928 season is fler Transformer, No. 7568, used with 2 Ux to supply B and wi power to re- ceiver an Ww r 3 UX 250 Tubes. th this former use r 6551 Double chase You can s t on on Approved Parts—Trans- formers, Condenser Bioeks end Unite—for various heok- ips by wr g ‘gan Laboratories. Orders filled mmediately en Ne. 7568 Transformer. Send check or mon order $13.50 Custom Set Builders Can secure any of these items direct from factory at trade discounts. Set Manufacturers Are offered the full cooperation of Don- gan engineering department for their individual requirements. Dongan Electric Manufacturing Co. 2999.3001 Frankdin St.. Detroit, Mick. FRANSFORMERS of MEn'T fu» Before the Guy Wire Breaks (Continued from page 40) over the coming season and thought that if such a break occurred again, it would be a great nuisance to take down and raise the mast even once more. Why not ex- tend the halyard raising by the endless pulley idea to the guys also? Accordingly, pulleys were fixed to all the junctions of the guy-wires. This may be a bit expen- sive but will save you much time and trou- ble if you do it in the direction of maximum pull, where there is a danger of a break which will bring the mast down. In this case, the pulleys for the guy-wires were only fixed to the higher junctions of the mast where hand cannot reach and not to each section of the guys where there is no necessity for such a thing. Reel type insulators of the proper size or porcelain pulleys will serve our purpose ex- cellently, and the 7-22 stranded wire or thick twine used in packing, slips over them easily. A thick wire was passed through each hole of the insulator, given a twist and tied firmly to the mast. Then a small spool of 7-22 wire was secured; an axle rod was passed through it and attached to angle brackets, so that the spool could re- volve freely and supply the wire when it pulled. This whole arrangement was mounted strongly on a small wooden board and fixed near the anchors. One end of the 7-22 wire from the spool was taken over the groove of the guy-wire pulleys, brought down and tied with the anchors. The masts were then erected in the usual manner. Now it is a very simple matter to put a new guy up if the old one breaks. You can break one and try the experiment. If only a section breaks you can bring down the whole guy and attach a new section. To raise a new guy you simply tie the guy- wire to the inside wire passing over the pulleys and pull it from the other side. The wire passes over the groove of the pulley and comes down into your hands and you have a double wire guy. If you want a single wire guy pass the wire over the insulator just as described and when you have the return end, turn it into an eye joint or make a loop end and pass the other end through this loop. You may use a porcelain eye insulator if you think it is practicable in your case. If a piece of twine is tied to the loop, this will keep the looped end in position and the guy will go up quickly without getting en- tangled or stuck on the way. When the guy-wire breaks and you want to put a new one up you can pull this looped end and thereby clear the pullev of any piece of wire hanging over it. Now if you pull the unlooped end slowly and carefully the looped end will go up smoothly and when it term- inates at the top pulley pull and tie the free end to the guy-wire strainers or an- chors and you have a new guy without lowering the mast. 70 Say You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST eee er i“ ALL HEI

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W hat A Condenser Thinks About : | WELL, HERE | AM, JUST OUT OF THE BOX** WONDER WHAT KIND OF A BIRD iM WORKING FOR ? MUST BE ONE OF THOSE HAMS !* LOOKS LIKE A SHORT WAVE HEAP HE'S PUTTING ME INTO ! ALL READY TO PULL THEM IN NOW- HERE WE GOt --: => | HOLD EVERYTHING / OUCH! YE GODS, ARE THEY CRAMPING: EVERYTHING ON THE AIR INTO TEN POINTS ON MY DIAL ?!!? NN \Np \ 9/7 WS NSTI $1? a tf \\ ~ | ~ > (a lS ny Fee OH WELL! REAL CLASS WILL TELL! I'M PICKING THEM OUT EASY NOW! NOTHING TO IT—tu BET HE NEVER SAW SUCH TUNING AS THIS BEFORE // 4 1 Sve el 2) we NSS 1 GUESS HE KNEW | WAS A THROUGHBRED WHEN HE BOUGHT ME! CARDWELL ALL THE WAY THRU! PARDON MY CONCEIT Yes, Class will tell. You’re not gambling when you choose a CARDWELL taper plate condenser for your short wave receiver. Made in five capacities, .000075 to .0005—Transmitting conden- sers, too, for powers up to 50 KW. Send for descriptive literature. THE ALLEN D. CARDWELL MFc. Corp. 81 PROSPECT STREET BROOKLYN, NEW YORK Say You Saw It in QST—It Identities You and Helps QST 71

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FROST RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST- ' FROST-RADIO | MICROPHONES Built of finest quality materials so as to de- liver 100% satisfaction for ham use. Solid back, carbon buttor type. Have unusually sensitive microphones which reproduce all audible frequencies with great fidelity and trueness of tone. Sup- plied complete with superior quality tinse cords. No. 155 Hand Microphone ...... $6.00 No. 159 Desk Microphone ..... $8.75 No. 157 Pony Arm Microphone for wall or panel mounting HERBERT H. FROST, INC., Elkhart, Indiana San Francisco Chi FROST-RADIO FROST- RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST RADIO i i i FROST RADIO FROST RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FOST- BOUND VOLUME XI of QST i\¢ have now a limited number of copies of Bound Volume XII of QST. Vol. XII comprises the en- tire 1928 series of QST. [his volume is made up of tw »oks or sections, each containing six issues of QST. [his volume is handsomely bound in red cloth and with 70 mprint. Th ymplete volume is price it $5.00, postpaid. Bett act quickly—only a rew pies available. 1711 Park St. Hartford, Ct. -] te Say You Saw It in QST Experimenters’ Section Report (Continued from Page 33) following ranges are covered by C with the indicated setting of Cl. Cl C degrees range in ke, 0 8,570-9,090 20 8,220-8,570 40 7,890-8,220 60 7,595-7,890 80 7,310-7,595 100 6,975-7,310 These figures are approximate but will serve to give a general idea. With the main condenser, Cl, set at 100 degrees, the range of C is just sufficient to cover the 7,000-kc. i” ” tS te T T fe de J: tT Ft = | Soeats guntll ; t 1 & Lc , —4 | , == ers a = Te f = 7” = B+ 8+ 8- Der Ame FIGURE 5. THE COMPLETE CIRCUIT DIA- GRAM IS GIVEN ABOVE. The constants employed are as follows: Li, L2—Ready wound Silver-Marshall coils. C—15-wufd. midget tuning condenser. Ci—50-upfd. midyet tuning condenser. C2—25-uunfd. midget tuning condenser. C3—250-upfd. fixed condenser. C4—250-upfd. variable condenser. R—8&-meg. leak. Ri—Rheostat to suit tube. R2—Variable resistor, 0-500,000 ohms RFC—High frequency receiver choke. band nicely. This is particularly inter- esting in view of the fact that the standard Silver-Marshall coils were used. This saved much trouble in winding coils to suit the particular band. This arrangement allows not only the amateur bands to be given full coverage but also will give recep- tion over a much wider band of frequencies than would be normally covered by the tuner built to specifications which con sidered only the amateur bands. It seems as though it has been years that we have been looking toward the changed conditions that will be in effect with the dawning of the day of resolutions, 1929. A considerable amount of prepara- tion has already been made but it is per- fectly obvious that is is humanly impossible to foresee all problems that will present themselves, particularly during the first few months of the year. The result is that in spite of all precautions that we may have taken, we may still expect to find a few rough spots that require smoothing over. If it is your privilege to come across one or more of these problems and find a It Identifies You and Helps QST (Hi WY plifi cess set | one stag 7 to ' mer clas am] son to J and

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Beap A Thordarson Power Amplifier (Home Constructed) Will Transform Your Radio Into a Real Musical Instrument ITH the insistent demand for a | quality reproduction, power am- plification has become a vital radio ne cessity Today, it 1s hard to find a radio set manufacturer who does not employ one or more power tubes in the output stage of his receiver There is no need, however, for you discard your present radio instru ment in spite of the fact that at 1s out- classed by newer models with power amplification. You can build aT hordar son Power Amplifier which, attached to your receiver, will provide a fullness and richness of reproduction that will equal or surpass the finest offerings of the present season. Thordarson Power Amplifiers are ex- ceedingly easy to assemble, even for the man with no previous radio experience Only the simplest tools are used Spe- cific instructions with clear-cut photo graphs, layouts and diagrams insure success in home construction Whether your present receiver is fac tory made or custom built one of these amplifiers may be attached with equal ease. In fact, most Thordarson Amph fiers require absolutely no changes in THORDARSON TRANS SFORMERS SUPREME IN MUSICAL PERFORMANCE Say You Saw It in QST the wiring ot the receiver itself, attach ment being made by means of a special plug w hich fits the last audio socket of the receiver Thordarson Power Amplifiers for the home constructor and professs nal set builder range from the simple plate supply unit up to the heavy-duty three stage units employing the 250 type power tube in push-pull arrangement These power amplifiers cover the re quirements for every purpose and every pocket-book. They may be used with any type of horn, cone or dynamic speaker. With a background of over thirty three years manufacturing quality transformers, it 1s only natural that so many manufacturers of receiving sets of undisputed superiority have turned to Thordarson as the logical source of their audio and power supply trans formers The discriminating home con structor will do well to fo a the lead of these manufacturers when buying his power amplifier Write to the factory today, enclosing 25c for the new “Power Amplifier Manual’— just off the press MAIL THIS COUPON TOgp Big Dividends m {pis ae ee in Tone This Book — “POWER AMPLIFIER MANUAL” 4 simple, yet complete, treatise on the subject of audio and power amplifi- ation, including full in- formation on building, ser- vicing, and testing power amplifiers in general. Also contains detailed specific data on construction twelve individual units, with clear-cut lay- outs and diagrams of each. 25c¢ Send 25¢ in Cash or Stamps for This New Book— Just Off the Press! No Amateur or Professional Set Builder Should Be Without Gentlemen 171 Single [ Pull (1 Stage) 0D Stage) [ Name Street and No Town 250 Single (2 Stage) 0 210 P honograp »» Amplifier () It identifies You and Helps QST7 250 Push- State 3 at power 1Y THORDARSON ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING CO. 500 West Huron Street, Chicago, Illinois Please send me your new Manual” for which I am enclosing 25c. (1) Please send me free of charge your instruction sheet on the amplifier I have checked below 171 Push- Pull O 210 Push-Pull (2 Stage) F “Power Amplifier 210 Single O OD. 210 Push- 250 Single (1 (8 Stage)

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Four Good Reasons Why You All the latest § witt Want to Examine This data in New Second Edition of advanced Laver £ Brown’s radio science See it For 10 Days FREE RADIO ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES 30! pages, 6x9 227 illustrations $3.50 net, postpaid 1. The book covers in detail the science and $s practice surrounding the 8-electrode vacuum tube ; It gives the prin- ciples involved in the functioning of all forms of radio apparatus; In the development of principles, the electron theory is made use of; 4. Mechanical analy- ses are avoided—Math- ematics is used only to indicate applications in problems of design. This standard manual sives the latest and best basic data on all phases. Some of the Topics —radio-telegraphic trans- mitting circuits; methods ; the balanced tor; and resonators ; —etc, etc., etc. —ferro-magnetic or de- tuning modulation —mathematical theory of modula- —peizo-electric oscillators | McGRAW-HILL FREE EXAMINATION COUPON | I t McGraw-H Book Co., Ince., ! 370 Seventh Avenue, | New Yor!) N. Y. ! i I You may send me Lauer and Brown’s RADIO | l ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES—New Second Edi- tion $3 postpaid. I will either return the ] I book, postage prepaid, in 10 days, or remit for it at that time l ' Name , St. & } l Py os 6ees6ecsevaadauvedssedsadbusseeeeneeseess ] l DD. o.ghbGe0ee eeu 0éeehiareeee ce eb Oesaceseenta® | i Name D GER Position 20. sccccvececasscsevcesccseseeni I I (Books roval in the U. S. and Canada | . only QST, 1-1-29 1 - ee eee ee ee RADIO OPERATORS WANTED THE EASTERN RADIO INSTITUTE can train you quickly and theroughly because: MODERN AND EFFICIENT METHODS THOROUGH INSTRUCTION under staff of LICENSED COMMERCIAL OPERATORS MODERN APPARATUS including SHORT WAVE TRANSMITTER FIFTEEN years a RADIO SCHOOL THE OLDEST, LARGEST and MOST SUCCESSFUL achool in New England —ee BY THE A. ° . ae Day or Evening Classes Start Every Monday SPECIAL CODE CLASSES Write for Illustrated Prospectus EASTERN RADIO INSTITUTE 889 BOYLSTON STREET BOSTON, MASS. a 74 Say You Sew It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps Q&T satisfactory answer to it, don’t keep it to yourself but pass it along to us so that it may be given to all. It makes no difference whether you are definitely enrolled in the Experimenters’ Section or not—you are an experimenter just the same and we will be glad to receive and pass along through QST such information that you may have ac- quired in the course of your experimenta- tion. —H. P. W. e@e —— Rotten Television (Continued from Page 24) body. I have a husky hunch that a new system will have to be developed for all this, and that some smart aleck will develop it. I hope to be still in possession of my alleged faculties when that time comes. In the meantime, it’s a wonderful field for serious experimental work for those who are will- ing to plug hard and expect very little in the way of immediate results. But when all these ads and articles hold up the present developments as a finished product to the poor ignorant public, why then I have to say something. It’s a garb bished crime, that’s what it is! Having got that off my chest let’s get back to twenty meters and see what the little dots and dashes are saying. —s 260 Election Results N November, elections for A.R.R.L. Director were held in seven of our divi- sions, As we reported last month (page 90, December) Directors Corlett, Gravely, Segal and Weingarten have been re-elected without opposition; and in the Hudson Division there is a new director, Dr. A. La- Fayette Walsh, W2BW, succeeding Dr. Dunn, who decided to retire from the Board and would not permit his name to stand for re-election. In the Central Division election, Mr. Darr, the incumbent, has won over several other candidates and so succeeds himself, the figures being as follows: Clyde E. Darr Donald J. Angus .... ee Loren G. Windom ... . 205 Centennial S. Stark Dr. White was not a candidate for re- election in the New England Division, with the result that that division has a new director in the person of Mr. Frederick Best of WIBIG of Augusta, Maine. Mr. Best, the S. C. M. of Maine, is a lively and well-known figure on the air, having won the “Goodfellow”—A.R.R.L. traffic trophy in 1926. The balloting in the New Eng- land Division resulted as follows: OO SO eee 451 pe eee 188 kK. B. W Bra absoh Stepl 2000 t $5. Sp $4 E-2 _— $3 NM Sigui Code Bele AC A co ment 6 ol 30 oh 30 ob TWI volta: A List versa Supe ited Al A hi, Hen List

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er = Ww tT or WY

é Bradley Leak, 95 _— —lemepemaetcn 2" ees He Hore of RA 2000 to 30,000 ohm resistance ist 45 VESEY STREET $5. special £2.95 NEW YORK E-210, Special*].60 Transmitting Apparatus When in Town Visit Our Store

SPECIALS

Marked EBY binding posts; reg. l5c special each

relevision disks as specified sizes 300—600—900—1200 and 2000 ohms $15. Imported German head sets; very sensitive Honeycomb Coils unmounted, all sizes in stock at %

ay C.W. 30 Henry choke, $4 Bradleystat No. New York’s Headquarters for $3 Mesco Telegraph Key ..$1.45 pacent DeLuxe No. 124 Phonovor—The electrical pickup; in QST special $1.95. Ward Leonard Resistances; fits standard base receptacles; } —_— "Sees isch ane en $8 Signal Corps adjustable arm micro-transmitter for side of centre tap, $24 eo panel mounting Acme B.H-1 transformer, $9 Dubilier condenser, 4mfd; 600 vy. D. ©. working type 255-510 each side of centre 903; limited quantity 2.45 tap; also 2 fil. windings of ‘ : c 80 ay fae side of centre tap. = E.L. ‘Transmitting Inductances, per set Ward Leenard Resistance $10. Bristol 50 Henry choke bs $4.75 lst-6% inch long—800-

Cardwell con- 3 45 densers, double spaced for trans- mitting, .00025 cap.

Everything in Cardwell Full Line of Acme -- Thordarson <-- Jewell -- Flech- theim -- General Radio -- Signal -- Bradley In Stock

No. 12 Enameled copper Belden braid \%” wide; ideal for shielded grid tubes. ft -06 wire, any length, ft. $.01 5 No. 10 Enameled copper wire, any length, ft. .01% Sigual Buzzer Set International - a5 Ae - Code on Baseboard ne a aS 8.25 Genuine Bakelite Panel Belden braid % inch wide, ft .06 General Radio 247D .001 cond. plain or with vernier 1.75 10xl4x% .........+. 1.50 Dubilier cond. .5 mfd. 1,000 v D.C. working voltage 85 Baldwin phones type C R.C.A.—U.V. 1716 Super Het. transformer 1.45 PO sccccccsceecccse 5 Myers $5 4% volt Det. 95 or Amp tube, complete 3.45 with mounting clips .95 price.

1000 - 1200 - 3000 - 6000 -

$18 list — 150 M, A. single special prices. sockets, each 39c. lain base, meta! top

$14.40; also other sizes at Pyrex Low-loss V.T. R. C. A. socket; porce- for 2-50 watt tubes or less $1.45 8000-11000 ohms; can be used 50c

ACME razerno™™=|A CME vasasss A combined Pot. and fila- A. F. ment Rheo. TRANSFORMER

6 ohm rheo-100 ohm pot 30 ohm rheo-100 ohm pot 30 ohm rheo-300 ohm pot. TWIN RHEO for low m voltage tubes. List $3.00. Speciai each 65e ACME a Listed at $5.00. The unt- versal transformer for Super Het. 30 K.C. Lim ited quantity at $1.10 ACM col Recommended for short wave C.W. re-| ception exclusively. Has sharp peak— gives excellent results. List price $7.00 each. Special $2.75 General Radio—200 watt Full Wave TRANSFORMER

ie quinn cect 0306 Type 565-B. Secondary voltages 1200 the y at 100 mils volts (with centre tap) 7.5 v. 7.5 v. ‘ List $5.00. Special $1.25 Maximum current 200 MA. 2.5 Amp

2.5 Amp. Price French Hand | $13.50 MICROPHONE | Listed at $10 Nickel Silver Finish

Two inch space ial Hamm. inductance No. 16 d. s. c. green. Special Vulcanized price per inch ...... 35c rubber handle. | |MAIL ORDERS FILLED SAMF DAY | A wonderful | 10% Must Accompany All Orders a |} 25) PLEASE PRINT YOUR NAME AND| | ADDRESS PLAINLY to AVOID DELAY!

| fig NEO a Made by ng Electric Co., type G. 10, standard base. 101 uses, as illustrated in QST May issue peso TUCO GREP .cncnccconss

ADIO FOUN- DATION Ss TRANSFORMER Mfg. for McCullough A. ©. or equivalent tubes. Will carry 6 or 7 tubes —-21%43- 8% volts. List $6.00. Special ... $2.25

VARIABLE FILAMENT TRANS- FORMER

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Flechtheim Condensers all types 35% off list.

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Say You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and

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A Simple Guide for Selecting Resistors N r how many claims are made for a res 1 can always check up on its true wv y finding out who uses that par- ticular , and how it stands up under the rig ure of daily service. We y recommend that you ask any one wing companies about Har- field R They are but a few of a great ! coneerns now purchasing Harfi: tors in large quantities. Western raph Stromberg-Carlson Telephone ' - c Manufacturing Company a Kolster Radio Corporation Co - American Transformer Co Sa y Fansteel Products Company P tlery Martin Copeland Company Cc Zenith Radio Corporation j the resistor you went aud let ' 2 sample for you with prices. H HARDWICK, FIELD, INC. FACTORY AR-FIEL SALES OFFICE 215 Emm " 122 Greenwich St Newark, N ~ i New York ry W/RE-WOUND >») RESISTORS o3n[—=a0h Neutralization Means— More Power From Any Set 5 n that neutralization is the j hod of controlling oscilla- tior Radio Frequency Circuit and the actual power per stage of amp! ; to 300% | ple can be applied to y the simple installation The result is an amaz- ficiency and power of the teresting book of vircuit and 1 ams showine the use of the 3 Model “N” Vario-denser, - Price, each $1.00 Has ' ty, adjustable from 1.8 to s, which is .0000018 to Price each $1.00. X-L. RADIO LABORATORIES Dept. D i Belmont Avenue, Chicago, Ill 2 O Ld Ot OLITO ° 0 | ° 0 | ° 0 ° on ——0n0e—a°r.n10n— Ser T nal Cam Switches in case Britist T rice $1.25; Type SE 3649 Receiver Maker N y Co wavelength range 1000-2500" meters reg f ultraudion circuit, tuned Pri mary t ( net size 22%°'x14\%"" deep. con | f sed e $34.00; Weston Electric Inst. Co AY ter sca Internal shunt & inch face, Zero nter Largest stock of Government Radio Transmitting a ng material in U. 8. ‘Send 2e stamp for cur new reduced price list Ship anywhere WEIL’'S Ct HOP, 20 South Second St., Philadel phia, Pa Using Brass Base Plug-In Coils (Continued from page 34) When both the coils are adjusted to give satisfactory operation, the excess leads may be clipped off and they may then be soldered into the tips of the tube base prongs. If the socket being used makes contact to the sides of the prongs, be sure not to wrap the lead wires around the prong as this will impair the contact. FIGURE 2. On the teft is the metal piece which holds the coil form to the base tube. It may be made of any springy material. This view also shows more clearly the fact that the metal piece runs hrough the inside of the coil form and ia fastened fo it by means of a small machine screw and nut. A coating of collodion, varnish, shellac or whatever may be your pet binding ma- terial may then be applied to the coil to keep the wires from shifting and changing the calibration of the set. JUST ANOTHER DAY WASTED Away WAITING — WHAT THE BROADCAST ENGINEFR ON HIS NIGHT OFF 2O@e A Poor Man’s M.O.P.A. (Continued from Page 28) current appears to be about normal for the tube in use. Previous experience with the same tube in a standard circuit is helpful here. The antenna may now be connected and, if tunable, tuned to resonance. This causes the strength of oscillations to in- crease (this is funny!) and the grid current will go up. Readjustment of C4 will bring the grid current back to normal if the an- tenna coupling is not too close or the “apacity of C2 or C3 too small. Put the monitor to work. The following remarks concerning Figure 6 may give some idea of what to expect from the circuit and, perhaps, save some postage for me. Some of the remarks may be con- Say You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST BU Allied the be profits now be need longer. season’ ing vi

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ee | BUY NOW! Startling Price Reductions On Everything In RADIO Allied has cut prices to the bone — your big profits in radio can now be bigger — ne need to wait any longer. Here's the season's outstand- ing values. \ pre-inventory sale featuring some of the most drastic price reductions known to radio. Everything in our tremmendous stock is offered in this sale. This large new catalog brings before you a tremendous array of ra- dio values. Every branch of the industry is rep- resented—appealing to set builders in- terested in parts and kits—to dealers interested in the new sets and mod- ern accessories—as well as agents my se “iis for one of the seasons’s most success- cae ae : . . ful lines of A. C. and D. C. receivers. Wholesale Prices Selling on an exclusively wholesale basis, the prices we now offer you are establishing new standards in radio values—new A. C. sets as low as $32.95—attractively designed consoles for as low as $16.25. Corresponding values are offered in kits, parts and accessories in nationally-advertised, quality merchandise from the country’s foremost radio manfacturers. THE CATALOG IS FREE SEND FOR YOUR COPY NOW Allied;‘Radio CORPORATION 711 W. LAKE ST. Dept. P-2 CHICAGO Knight Receivers for A. C. and D. Cooperatios h.ve an ¢@ visble rc- ord for perferm- ance See new large catalog. Say You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST 17

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Martin's Latest and Greatest Bu pe VIBROPLEX ‘ w at Ne Ge _ © Marke: Vibreplex, Bug, Lightaing Bug No. 6 The samoocth- est, easiest- werking bug onthemarket Net tee fast: not too slew— but ust where others Japeaneé Base $17 Niekel-Plated $19 Famous Improved Vibroplex Used by tens thousands ef o erators because of its ease perfectior of sending Japanned Base $17 Nickel-Plated 19 Special Radio Bug Bauipped with Extra Large, Heavy, Special Constructed Contact Points fer ones 2 use without relay Besyre you g Genuine Vibroplex. The Vabegien Name- your 5 ction. Remit by Money Order or registered plate mail. THE VIBROPLEX CO., Ine. $25 Sres¢an7 Cable Address: ““VIBROPLEX” New York Barg ains Army and Navy Radio Surplus »5 Amp, Gen Radio Co. $1.50 750 watts, Roller-Smith 3.50 Amp, Weston, No. 425 7.50 I er-Smith 2.00 U.S.N., “‘Holtzer-Cabot’’ (used) .75 110 D. C, Fine for television 32.00 Motors. Edison 20 H.P. Universal 110 volt Motors, Har x complete w ard variable vitrohm rheostat 5.00 Headphones, N Army. single (new) .50 Keys, airplane proof % inch silver contacts, 1.50 Cords, 7 ft Vv 4 ned ends, -20 Cords, 15 ft tension, No. 18 armored .30 Condensers, M 002 mfd. 7500 volt 7.50 Microphone, Airt nemitter, West Elec. with breastplate .95 Resistances, W.I Obm, fits standard base .60 Resistances, W.I r 2 Amp, var. field 5.00 Resistance. W.I 4 Amp. Bat. charging, var. 3.00 Filters, W.E. r C.W. 968 3.50 Dynamotors, G.P » volts 20.00 Dynamotors V3 volt 15.00 Dynamotors, C.W ts, with ex. shaft 12.00 Dynamotors, St ts, 60 amp input 15.00 Transformers 15 See. 250 watt 60 cycle 7.50 Transformers, 110 Pr ) Sec. with center tap, 200 watt, 60c 7.50 Magnetos, army 1.00 Telepnone & te t. portable leather case (Strom- Carlson) 3.50 Telephone & tel zer outfit, (parts value $10) 5.00 Condensers, 1-1 Smfd with taps 50 Please inc! 2 ith remittances. Largest Gov ernment rad s seek in U. 8. Stacie Electric Bargain House Dept. Q s-7 Fulton Street a a oe re is Your Book at Last!” THIRD EDITION By Professor R Ramsey. Indiana University xli-+229 pages . h. 117 experiments. 152 figures. ‘In gene nages to provide that missing fact which seems ™ in other books.’’ Review, 3rd Ea Q 8 T T ok recommends itself to service men, custom - builder ers, and advanced experimenters.’’ RADIO. ENGI INE} Price $2.75, postpaid or @ O. D. GIS E. 3rd St., Bloomington, ind. | Ramsey Publishing Co. siderably in error because they are mostly my own conclusions drawn from my own experience with the circuits mentioned. “It” refers to Figure 6. It is not as stable as regards climbing, chirping, antenna changes and body-capa- city effects as a properly designed, shielded and operated oscillator-amplifier set, but is equally stable as regards line voltage changes. It is not as stable regarding climbing, chirping and antenna changes as a prop- erly designed and operated, but unshielded, Y CONSTANTS HERE GIVEN THE APPLY TO 3,500 AND 7,000-KC. OPERATION FIGURE 6. Ci—500 wufd. C2, C3—23-plate Pilot midget condenser. C4i—250 wufd. (Larger if 3,500-ke. phone transmie- sion is desired.) C5—2,000 ppfd. Cé—1000 wufd. C7—0.5 to 1. ufd Ca—500 to 5,000 pwufd. Li—65 turns of %"” copper strip spaced %”" on a 3.5” form. (7,000 ke.) 12 turns of the same are used for 3,500-ke. operation. L2—Same as 3,500-ke. coil for Li. RFC—Your favorite choke. Make both chokes iden- tical. Unwind some turns from each if oscilla- tion is not good in both bandas. R—200-ohm potentiometer. X—Primary of old audio transformer. oscillator-amplifier set, but is more stable in the matter of body-capacity effect and just as stable as regards line voltage changes. It is harder to adjust than any of the standard circuits, but adjustment is simpler and less critical than that of any oscillator- amplifier affair. It is slightly less efficient in the narrow input-output sense than any of the standard circuits, but more efficient in the broader and more sensible sense of input compared with the effectiveness of the signal at the receiving station. It is far more efficient than an oscillator-amplifier in the narrow sense mentioned above. Operators who are handicapped by an under-supply of patience with matters tedious will probably find it superior to the oscillator-amplifier arrangement. It has as yet shown no particular advan- tages over other circuits at 14,000 ke. and higher frequencies; therefore, no constants are given for such frequencies. If it is well adjusted, you will occasion- ally get crystal reports. 78 Say You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST

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more than twenty years —Faradon Today, as two decades ago, experts consider Faradon Capacitors essential to reliable radio transmission and reception. Then inthe “wireless sets” and now in the most lux- urious consoles, Faradon Capacitors are accepted as the standard of electrostatic condenser depend- ability. We are always ready to assist in the solution of your capacitor problems. WIRELESS SPECIALTY APPARATUS COMPANY Jamaica Plain, Boston, Mass., U.S. A. Established 1907 Electrostatic Condensers for All Purposes 2427 Say You Saw It in QST—Jt Identifies You and Helps QST 79

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Quality Long Life Economy Pott ‘ Th j In Uniformity As iterference ice terference line the ected, and Potter Condensers Interference Eliminator ho not allow your radio broad- programs to he spoiled by from oil burners, machine motors, violet rays, rxcuum cleaners, fans, etc. connect a Potter Eliminator to the circuit at the point where interfering device is con- enjoy good recep- remedy, » from vourr radio set C Code 104-04 Interference Eliminator The Potter Co. North Chicago, Illinois . -$3.00 ganization at Your Service — The 7 Line \ It List Price $ CENTRAL 18 Keefe Avenue y the line voltage 300: net ‘er jury from o ruth About age Surges tht mer e t your € ions fluctuate in their tput so that the voltage ivered from the Iligi ; ften is as high as more reases the output e | r supply in the in porportion, eausing e in the voltages suy » prevention lies simply the attachment of ‘ Centralab Radio Control which maintains ar - y ever correct voltage elver regardless of No cor ated connections re jnired Plug the set in » Control Box and the } aaa Box in the wall and tubes are janentls protecte:! rges Centr: Hab RADIO LABORATORIES Milwaukee, Wis. 80 Saw It in QST The Total-Loss Receiver (Continued from Page 30) r.f. set should be taken with a grain of salt, for the bugs never were all taken out of my r.f. set. Probably never got all the coils and their respective ticklers or antenna coils just right. With some combinations it performed wonderfully, With it foA3V and I carried on successfully day after day (our mornings, the “long way around’’) for a whole month last spring after A3V’s signals had become unreadable with my little TG&P receiver using two W.E. “N” tubes, than which I had never been able to find anything as good down to the time when the r.f. job came out. But on the lower part of the 7,000-kc. band it was a “—THIS FINE PIECE OF APPARATUS” noisy and uncertain; my own fault, no doubt. On the other hand this “1929” re- ceiver performs equally well over the whole range and as well as the r.f. set in A3V’s neighborhood, 8,220 ke. And the “1929” has the further advantage that no amount of fooling with the feedback can move a station more than the thickness of a blonde hair. Tks, gentlemen of the QST staff, for giving us this fine piece of apparatus. 2@p-Strays $5 The new government list of “Amateur Radio Stations of the United States,” list- ing 16,928 stations up to June 30th, is now ready for distribution. Although some 30-odd pages bigger than any previous edi- tion, the price remains the same, 25c, for which amount it may be received from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington (stamps not accepted). This book is accurate and well-printed; it is cheap; it deserves our support. It costs the Department of Commerce several thou- sand dollars out of their printing appropri- ation to make it available to us at two bits a throw. It is this book concerning which we recently warned the gang that more patronage was necessary if it is not to be discontinued. The supply is adequate, the value large. Get your copy from Wash- ington—it belongs in every shack. It Identifies You and Helps QST | — —.»-——— ~~ + | 25 —— - iT ee & éiZ ath | i¥ | |¥ ¥ ¥ ‘ v y y v 2 4 | |

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| 7 > Synchronous Motors for Television } In addition to building reliable and satisfactory motor generators, “Esco” has had many years of experience in building electric motors for a great variety of applications. Synchronous motors, small, compact, reliable self starting are now offered for Television equip ment. They require no direct current for exci tation, are quiet running and fully guaranteed. Other types of motors suitable for Television may also be supplied. Write us about your requirements. J ELECTRIC SPECIALTY CO. 25 South St. Trade “ESCO” Mark Stam ford, Conn | ' rac — - 7 mt =| AREALLY FINE PRODUCT |: v ‘AT A POPULAR PRICE |\ ' fi are - if EEE, P,;.., ab New a a rat ey $96.50 v Advance ed | flees ube) ; ; . is | Design Bend fos | is Bulletin ty 29 . © 152-Q We invite inquiries from manufacturers, jobbers, dealers, etc., RY Fy Pao y Vv NATIONAL . eee ' ; a ty me us your crophone repairs rirs i ELVET \ | | E'F-JOHNSON COMPANY, Waseca, Minn. 2] NATIONAL CO. INC., MALDEN, MASS. Eighth Edition Just Off the Press Robison’s Manual of Radio Telegraphy and Telephony Completely Revised in June, 1°28, and Up-to-Date. Of the 6th edition of this book reviewed by QST it was said this is perhaps “The Best Radio Book That Ever Came to This Desk” rhe standard Navy book on radio originally prepared in 1907 by Lieutenant (later Admiral and C-in-C of U. S. ” Fleet) S.S Rotison. The present edition revised by Captain S. C, Hooper, U. S. Navy, now Director of Naval Communications. 780 pp. Price $4.00 postpaid. 6th edition sold for $8.00; 7th edition sold for $5.50 Address: Secretary-Treasurer, U.S. Naval Institute, Annapolis, Md., U.S.A. Say You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST

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\ lanutacturears® Street, Ne io Z Scientifically equipped to 4 ‘ . economically export dependable ~~ \ Te recelving and momening” > - rodle apparatus. ‘ a . - ‘ _* > it 2) » ° haa fy . 'y pyar F 4, ¥ c ‘ : y a x } e} / ” *s | cO_ {3 } 6D 7 Se ; > — ae ae y & a” Y}& Build it >»: R lg ht Catalog of ‘YAXLEY will | you Vester prod are used in vital places in many of the nent and successful sets on the mar- We would be pleased you concerning your ments If interested in tel for our price list of paratus Avenue 594 Fifth — a Send for the new catalog. YAXLEY MFG. CO. > So. Clinton St., Chicago, Il. NEW RELAYS for amateurs and experimenters. Photo Electric Devices, Inc. to hear from relay require- evision, write television ap- Brooklyn, N. Y. 1.A.R.U. News (Continued from Page 46) German Report By F. Reiffen, Sec’y D. A. S. D. Thirty meters has not been so good. Twenty comes through somewhat better, but fades worse. On 20 meters we hear mostly the U. S. W’s, together with some SU, SB and SC. About the only stations heard on 30 are SB, OA and OZ. Many contacts with OZ stations have been made on 31 meters, the best time being from 0600 to 1900GMT. 4YO has worked thirty OZ’s with 70 watts input. 4CB rebuilt his antenna and with 35 watts input worked oz2AJ. 4KU with 45 watts worked oz2BP. The forty-meter’ band seems to be overloaded and distance work is routed mostly to either 20 or 30 meters, especially since many phones are QRMing Report From Great Britain By the Radio Society of Great Britain At last some real ten-meter DX has been done by British amateurs; this is not be- cause they could not do it before, but be- cause they have only just received licenses. The honor of first contact with the United States goes to G6LL, who worked W2JN at 1430 GMT on the 21st of October for an hour and three-quarters, sending single. Signals were R6 at each end, and the input at G6LL was but 50 watts in a crystal cir- cuit. Well done, OM! Immediately follow- ing this, GW17C hooked W2JN with only ten watts input, At 1800 the same day G20D worked W2JN and W2AYR, with about 100 watts. On the next day a new British ham, G2FN, known to many as Rodman of ai2KT, raised W2JN with only eight watts input and on the following Sunday worked W6UF, getting R4 on the same power. G to W6th on ten meters with eight watts! G20D and G5LL have worked across sev- eral times. G5YK has erected a vertical antenna for both ten and twenty meters, from which much is expected. G5ML is now transmitting at 1400 GMT Sundays on ten meters. On 20, using a vertical ten- meter Zepp, he has raised OA, OZ and W, with QSA reports from VE, and several FO stations, including 1SR, A5L, ATL. FO’s are best around 1800 GMT most eve- nings. G6QB has completed his 1929 trans. mitter and with ten watts has had 86 from saDQ4, b2IG, foA40 (R4) and some W9’s He hopes to be crystal controlled on 20 and 10 next month, G6XP has crystal on 21.7 and with ten watts raised W 1, 2 and 8, VE2 and reports from AG and FE. PROMINENT HAM WHO STARTED IN BACK IN m0 FINDS PHOTO OF HIS FIRST SET i FAMILY ALGUM Say You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST eee 7 Order Write thing I] 5 ~

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en e- PS. ed at an le. ut ir- W- ly ay th Ww as ly 1g he —_ F for books. a cent. A NEW RADIO RESISTOR CATALOGIS NOW READY write for your copy today We're beating the new Hand- book out by an eyelash! Send the newest revision Circular 507, Vitrohm Resis- tors and Rheostats for Radio, and when you get your Hand- book, you'll have two good Another point—ours doesn’t cost you Your call letters and address on a postcard gets it. WARD LEONARD ELECTRIC CO. of important MOUNT VERNON, N. Y. JACOBS ANTENNA SPREADER on™ —_ Made in both 5 in. and 7 in. diameter. | + ® Patented Sept. 8, 1925; Sept. 7, 1929 \ Effective Feb. 1st, 1928 price will be 3 $8.00 per dozen; $4.50 for a half dozen Charles F. Jacobs (W 2EM) 279 Park Place Brooklyn, N. Y. EVERYTHING IN RADIO AT ATTRACTIVE PRICES. SETS or PARTS Orders shipped exactly as ordered. Prompt Service. Write for Prices. Mail Order Only. We ship every- thing available in this city. Inquiries invited. Send Your Address ALL RADIO COMPANY 417 North Clark Street Chicago RADIO OPERATORS 9 Are You Handicapped by a Weak Arm or other weakness? i 100 operators are iia by some weakness. Are you one of them? Would you place yourself in the hands of an expert who has developed many of the world’s fastest and highest- paid operators, and follow his easy instructions if you thought his methods would help you to over- come your weakness? If you knew positively that his system would increase your sending and receiv- ing speed 50 to 100% and make you a TOP-NOTCH s 95 out of every operator? Don’t delay. Write me in confidence. No obligation. Write NOW! WALTER H. CANDLER, Originator and Director 6343 S. Kedzie Avenue THE CANDLER SYSTEM CO. Chicago, Illinois AMERICAN SALES CO., === LAST MINUTE SPECI ALS E210 BRADLEYSTATS, list $4.00, fine for A. C. Line Voltag: Contre | Pear Our Price $1.60 ea. Genuine Black Bakelite Panels 38” x 48”, 3/16” thick. Reg. Price a wsess-nes 8.75 “ U. S. ARMY Aeroplane Spark Transmitters, Gov. cost $47 each .........-.00e8s . 4.75 * G. E. Kenotron Rectifying Tubes (Type T.B.1.) cite etcs eben hehta taba en seuneee 1.25 “ Eby A.C. Adapter Harness with Volume Control. For 6 “tube Sets, list ay - 5.00 “ Gould Kathanode Unipower, Automatic Radio “A” Power (6 volt), list $39.5( 13.75 “ G.E. V.T.14—5 watt Transmittine Tubes (A good power amplifying abe) 1.50 “ 19-21 WARREN ST., NEW YORK CITY ; 1929? 153 Dunning Street, Madison, Wis. = 7 Hull’s Four Tube Ham Receiver Built of High Grade Parts, the Real Solution of Next Years Receiving Problem. ZURIAN RADIO SERVICE PZ of W9EK-XH Say You Saw It in QST It Identifies You and Helps QST

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HAS IT! Arcturus No. 127 9 7-Second ances ua Detector me a wo: ARCT RUS - LonG LIFE TUBES ARCTURUS RADIO COMPANY 220 Elizabeth Ave., Newark, N. J. ARCTURUS| ALWAYS UP-TO-DATE Issued quarterly,March, June, September and December. Single copies U.S. and Canada $1.00 (Foreign $1.10.) Yearly subcription $3.25 (Foreign $3.50.) 1d Commercial Stations from 83 different countries. Radio Amateur Call Book | 508 So Dearborn St., Chicago, Il., U.S.A, Amateur TRANSFORMERS Guaranteed—Mounted—Complete 250 watt EN GED ace vceecendéendsene $10.50 700 wat OO emchh BIE .nccccccccccees 14.50 700 watt OO GRE GERD ccccsccccceses 21.00 Chok hase and 25- -cycle ‘Transformers $2.00 for fil. winding oC E S F. GREBEN 1997 So. P reet, Pilsen Sta., Chicago, Ill. National event er Senne t ear Set build ere wil Baraatk service will make yo A-C aets sho tw Wave, televint - Vorid’s tarwest radio stowks a ed same day, Lowest rock bottom + “ BARAWIK CO ‘atala 111% Canal Sta., chicaGo, Uv. s. A. 84 Say You Saw It in QST Holland Section Notes By W. Keeman, Traffic Manager, N. V. I. R. The Holland amateur society, the N. V. I. R. is growing rapidly following a general meeting last spring at which a constitution was adopted, a new Board of Directors elected, etc. Several departments were established also, and new activity has be- gun to sparkle everywhere. At last we received, together with the N.V.V.R., an invitation from the Postmaster General to formulate our wishes concerning amateur licenses and transmission restric- tions. A special commission was created in order to study this subject, and a de- tailed report was sent to the Postal head- quarters last summer. Afterwards, a com- bined meeting of the Boards of the N.V.V.R. and N.V.I.R. dealt with the same business, ending in almost complete agreement be- tween the two Societies. We are quite sure now that in 1929 the world will be able to hear the first real licensed Dutch ham sta- tions. (FB OMs!—Ed.) In the meantime, the ordinary unlicensed work has been carried on as usual, Lots of phone stations are spoiling our good old 40 meter band, and now and then there comes out of one’s headphones a mixture quite well illustrated by the cover of Sep- tember QST. It is clear that this foolish noise wil] have to be transported elsewhere in 1929. For this reason it is a pity that the sort of people causing it can’t be de- ported to 160 meters, this band being closed to us. General reception conditions were good during the last part of 1928, apart from occasional QRN. This applies to 40 meters. On 20 only an occasional! station was heard. Still, some hams have got splendid QSO’s on twenty, although there is little reliability of contact here. It looks as though we would just have to dig out what we can from the 40-meter racket. Northern Ireland By Frank R. Neill, Official Correspondent The new conditions (i.e., wavebands) are now coming into use, and those who want them have generally been granted them as from October 15th. The new conditions seem to be quite liberal, and it does not seem that we will be badly hampered under the new licenses. The intermediate for Northern Ireland is to be GI, that for Great Britain, as is al- ready known, being G. Northern Ireland amateurs are subject to the same conditions as Great Britain, and licenses are issued by the General Post Office, London. It is most pleasing to note the increase in the number of amateurs using crystal control on the new wavebands and it would seem that almost al] stations in the British Isles wil] have a pure D.C. note from now on. It is to be hoped that the Continental fellows will follow suit, It Identifies You and Helps QST = —2 Am in t onl: you edg doe on hay you un ha’ cal mé tid ||

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'S e Wouldn’t you like to become a member of the € || American Radio Relay League? We need you 4 in this big organization of radio amateurs, the : ‘ only amateur association that does things. From 1 | your reading of QST you have gained a knowl- ' edge of the nature of the League and what it does, and you have read its purposes as set forth on page 6 of every issue. We should like to ' have you become a full-fledged member and add your strength to ours in the things we are undertaking for Amateur Radio. You will have the membership edition of QST delivered at your door each month. A convenient appli- | cation form is printed below—clip it out and ‘ mail it today. | A bona fide interest in radio is the only essen- ~ tial qualification for membership. | To Our Readers who are not nf A.R.R. L. members * American Radio Relay League, Hartford, Conn., U. S. A. I hereby apply for membership in the Ameri- tcan Radio Relay League, and enclose $2.50 ($3 "in foreign countries) in payment of one year’s gdues. This entitles me to receive OST for the : same period. Please begin my subscription with SP IOI ictsacidiitensepiaaciianeeds issue. Mail my Certificate : of Membership and send QST to the following s name and address. 4 Ny 4 By sntsraneceseneecestnsenniesuneenntinnananite eenseniatenneiiiontennnanitiianennaiatatte a r a as , : : s Do you know a friend who is also interested in 8 Amateur Radio whose name you might give us ‘so we may send him a sample copy of QST? 1 ' I sissies cata : Thanks Amateur Band. (Attention 80 Meter band operators) »k ‘ ‘ price Order yours now and save + See December QST for prices Attention Owners of High Frequency Stations. Prices for grinding crystals to above specifications $75.00 P. O. Box No. 86 Dept. rystals absolutely guaranteed regards to frequency and output, | SCIENTIFIC RADIO SERVICE | QST OSCILLATING CRYSTALS We have a limited quantity of crystals In the 3680 to 4000 band which we will dispose of at a special grinding charge of $20.00 each. This special price to prevail during JANUARY 1929 ONLY. These crystals are our usual POWER crystals, absolutely guaranteed, and their frequency will be stated accurate to better than a tenth of 1%. Orders will be filled until i at tl $7.50. Prices for rystals in other Amateur bands unchanged. We are at your service to grind for you, power crystals for use with either UX210 or 50 Watt tube (the latter at reduced normal plate voltage) to within FIVE HUNDREDTHS OF 1% (.05%) of your assigned frequency in the 4000 to 6000 Band | ounted ¢ $85.00 mounted in power type of holder These and deliveries can be made within 5 days after receipt of order. “The Crystal Specialists” A Mount Rainier, Maryland LEARN yicity weeks by actual work, not correspondence —not books. Harn while youlearn. Radioand AutoCourses included. You don’t need advanced education or ex A EROVOX resistors and condensers that are Built Better — to endure. Write for The Research Worker. 7 Send AT ONCE for Big, New, BREE BOOK? A free monthly publication. COYNE ELECTRICAL SCHOOL, Dept. 19-38 AEROVOX WIRELESS COF S00 South Pauiina Street - S Chicago, lilinois 68 Washington Street * Designed to D. C. Resist- carry 0 mil. & HENRY FILTER REACTORS 2:.cc20cnm: Fine for use as Generator Filter, also as + .75 plate or Grid Reactor -.. aeahe 7 . Special $4.75 ea. ) Vanufactured by the world’s largest electrical concern whose name we cannot mention eine on AMERICAN SALES CO., 19-21 Warren St., N. Y. CITY Say You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST 85

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Send For ‘ WESTERN RADIO 929 Catalo? Dealers and Set Builders T! IE NEW 1929 Cata- og is crammed full of the FINEST, NEWEST, NationallyknownA.C. sets, consoles. < abinets, dynamic speakers, kits, PARTS, eliminators and accessories at LOWEST PRICES. Largest stock of radio parts. Pr 9MmD le] Wr r FREE catalog WESTERN | RADIO MFG. CO., 128W.Lake St.,Dept.01, Chicage Che Bi i ae he Bae | Re Radio House’ jelivery.

NDING SENSATION OF THE NATION POST : [ ~ a POLK

al “ INSULATED : No holes to fish for—just = press the sleeve and insert 7 the wire in any position— 1S cts. Each quick action and holds tight -standard markings. J.L. POLK, 41 Belle Ave., Troy, N.Y.

1929 RADIO BOOK/ New Hook-ups. This beok shows hew to oo ake Short Wave Re- ceivers and Short Wave a * tee, Rix: Adapters. How toe = — the new screen gri : =~ tube in DAC, and A. C. Write ; Circuits. How te build fori: Power Amplifiers, and ABC Eliminators. Up to the minute Infermation on all new radio develop- ments. Set Builders, Fans, Dealers, send for it tod KARAS ELECTRIC COMPANY 4030A-N. Rockwell St., Chicago, Ill. Please send me yeur ’ free book A

Uity..... State

4030-A

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We here in “GI” have probably not had so much “cleaning up” to do as you fellows in the U.S. This is due, of course, to the fact that we were more restricted than you under the old conditions. Everyone by now is probably familiar with the news that every G and GI amateur in 1929 must possess a really accurate wavemeter. This should make for all-around improvement. Any U.S. stations looking for GI hams will now find us on 42 and 21 meters. Spanish Section Notes By Sr. Miguel Moya, President, EARr. The second transmission contest organ- ized by the Association EAR to develop communication with amateurs of Latin America has been concluded. The first prize, a gold medal, was awarded to EAR28, and two second prizes, silver medals, to EAR65 and EAR73. In recogni- tion of the aid rendered by the amateurs of South America, the Association has elected the following as honorary members: saDE3 and DE8; sb2AH; su3AH and sc3AC. There has been a great increase in re- ceiving stations registering in the Spanish Section, and the number of legal transmit- ting stations authorized has now reached to EAR114. There are, besides, competent stations with provisional calls, amongst which EAR-B who established the first QSO between Nicaragua and the Canary Islands. A great many EAR stations are working the W’s on QRP, and communication is especially easy on the 20-meter wave. The Spanish Ambassador to Argentina made use of amateur radio in sending, via saDE3 a congratulatory massage to EAR1. As the letters assigned to Spain by the Washington conference consist of EAR, we are practically sure that this group will continue to be used by the amateurs as a part of their calls, ‘ 4p Strays "$5 _

A list of stations of the world on fre- quencies above 1500 kc. occupies about 30 pages of the Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers for November 1928. The list should be of considerable value to the amateur. Individual copies of “The Pro- ceedings” can be obtained at a cost of $1.00 from the the Institute offices at 33 West 39th Street, New York, N. Y. All League members should have re ceived a copy of Vol. XII (1928 series) QST index with their December issue. If not received, kindly advise and we will prompt- ly duplicate. Newsstand readers desiring a copy of this index may obtain same by sending us 4c in stamps. Say Yor Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST

. iil J 11] B

Site

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the by The A.R.R.L. Diamond Is the ust =" Embl fa Real A ! at mblem of a Keal Amateur. ms . ; ’ The League Emblem comes in four different forms. Its use by Members is endorsed and encouraged by the League. Every Mem- | ber should be proud to display the insignia of his organization in every possible way. THE PERSONAL EMBLEM. A handsome creation in extra-heavy rolled gold and black enamel, %” high, supplied in lapel button or ‘ pin-back style. There are still a few fellows who are hiding their light under a bushel. Wear your emblem, OM, and take your proper n- place in the radio fraternity. Either style emblem, $1.00, postpaid. op THE AUTOMOBILE EMBLEM. Introduced only this spring, al- mn ready more than 800 cars are proudly displaying the mark of the ~ | “Radio Rolls-Royce.” 5 x 2%”, heavily enameled in gold and black z on sheet metal, holes top and bottom, 50c each, postpaid. i- \ THE EMBLEM CUT. A mounted printing electrotype, the same size as the lapel of f button, for use by Members in any type of printed matter, letterheads, cards, d etc. $1.00 each, postpaid. 3 | THE “JUMBO” EMBLEM. You've taken care of yourself, your car and your printing. How about the shack wall or that 100-footer? Think of the attention 2 this big gold-and-black enamel metal emblem will get! 19x8%4”, same style as h Automobile Emblem. $1.25 each, postpaid. “ Mail your order and remittance NOW to + . e t >. t | The American Radio Relay League : : Hartford, Conn, ) | | 7" Te sncenSeED ERNIE ania QUARTZ OSCILLATING CRYSTALS s) Scientifically Prepared for Maximum Power and Unconditionally Guaranteed lim. sections, — 1% of your specified frequency, supplied at tt E E A PERAT gb following p: ice ee $8 Sees fase meters .. sainacen ninuackaiaae , 200-600 meters _............ LTD 15.00 See the World. Earn a Good Income. ’ i in, Tested blanks, 2 to 4 mm thick. 5.00 Duties Light and Fascinating. Sections of any practicable dimensions made ‘to order Prompt Delivery ; & Fe Rooney, B. Se., 4 Calumet Bidg., Buffalo, New York LEARN IN THE SECOND PORT U.S.A. Ten years’ crystallographic experience Radio Inspector located here. New Orleans supplies opera- tors for the various Gulf ports. Most logical location in . the U.S.A. to come to for training. BUGS Nearly 100%, of radio operators graduating on the Gulf New, high-class instruments. Priced $11 to $17. oe MO ana a Money back guarantee. Member of the A.R.R.L.—Call “5 G R” D C RFLAYS Day and Night Classes—Enroll anytime—Write for cir- Break-in and Single contact styles. High and Low outer: voltages $20. GULF RADIO SCHOOL } ELECTRO MANUFACTURING CO. 443 Stevenson St., San Francisco, Cal. 644 Howard Ave. Now Gricans, La, 3Raythe ont This name represents leadership in Rll for television broadcasting and reception. } Correspondence yey so — e fo - amateurs in regard to Raytheon ” mp to (e]] Television Products. Kino [a A Television send- RAYTHEON MFG. CO. The Television receiv- ing tube in hard Kendall Square Building ing tube adapted to all "Oe jlled — Cambridge, Mass. systems. Price »7.50. Say You Saw It in QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST

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DON’T GuUEss/ r failure is largely a mat- or guessing. And where tage, tubes, circuits, etc. isely measured, you are you supply hand-fitted resistance. CLAROSTATS take guess out of radio. The Grid Leak Clarostat typical It provides precise grid leak for best results, articularly in short- vave reception.

rature describing the arostat line and Better still, “The Gate- WRITE literatur “omnplete ¢ radio set. pe or coin for Cl OSTAT “MEG. CO. INC. h St. Brooklyn, N. Y. | LARCSSTA AT=! PACENT DUO-LATERAL COILS laboratories, experimenters, ineers and for special circuits, ent Duo-Lateral Coils are the standard.

act pted A complete line of all standard turn ratios are always in stock. Write for information and prices Pacent Electric Co., Inc. 91 Seventh Avenue, New York

Oscillating Crystals ystals to your approximate de- si Le fr the various amateur bands are as follows 2 BAND .. $13.00 ER BAND . $22.00 ER BAND $44.00 frequency of each crystal to within sur specified frequency between red meters, forty-five dollars. f crystal mounting, five dollars. All Work Guaranteed.

on Crystat SERVICE P.O. Box 64 DETROIT, MICH

Say You Saw It in QST-

It Identifies You and Helps QST Calls Heard (Continued from Page 47) T. H. Streeter, Jun., School House, Alfold, 'r., Billingshurst, Sussex, England 20 meters wlaze wicje wlemf wizz w2aes w2ag w2bjv w2lixw w2rs w3iw w8ds fo-a3a ve2be fm-8rit em-smux ed-7zz¢ et-lef, 40 meters wibhm wikw w2bdh wics w4ob w4irn w&cdb w8cyz oa-2he oa-3kr oa-3ks oa-3ls oa-3vp oa-5by oa-5She oa-7Tew zi2ae es-2nag es-2nm fm-S8jo ct-lbv em-smua el-laiq as-lad ee-ear94. HAM-ADS Effective with the October, 1928, issue of QST the following changes were made in the rules of this department. The Ham-Ad rate is now 15¢c per word. The restriction which has limited use of this column to mem- bers of the American Radio Relay League is removed and advertising may be signed either by company name or by an individual. A special rate of 7c per word applies to adver- tising which is obviously non-commercial in nature and which is placed and signed by an individual member of the American Radio League. Please read carefully the following conditions under which advertising in these columns will be accepted.

(1) Advertising shall pertain to radio and shall be of nature of interest to radio amateurs or experimenters in their pursuit of the art (2) No display of any character will be accepted. nor can any special typographical arrangement, such as all or part capital letters, be used which would tend to make one advertisement stand out from the others (3) ane Ham-Ad rate is l5e per word, except as note! in paragraph (6) below (4) er n i ttance in full must accompany copy No cash or contract discount or agency commission will be allowed 4 c losing date for Ham-Ads is the 25th of the second month preceding publication date (6) <A special rate of Te per word will apply to ad vertising which, in our judgment, is obviously non-com mercial in nature and is placed and signed by a member of the American Radio Relay League. Thus, advertising of bona fide surplus equipment owned, used and for sale by an individual or apparatus offered for exchange or advertis

ing inquiring for special equipment, if by a member of the American Radic Relay League, takes the 7c rate. An attempt to deal in apparatus in quantity for profit. eve: if by an individual, is commercial and takes the 15c rate Provisions of paragraphs (1), (2), (4) and (5) apply t all advertising in this column regardless of which rate may apply IMAGINE an organization with over 4,000 clients scat- tered throughout the world, all radiowise dealers, build- ers, experimenters, hams. Over $50,000.00 stock of highgrade receiving and transmitting parts only no sets. Spend $5,000.00 yearly on our own experimenting Carry nothing until it passes our tests. 50e¢ brings prepaid over four pounds catalog, circuits, data, etc Weekly data (more than all radio magazines together) 20 weeks—$1.00, 52 weeks—$2.50. Sample “Over The Soldering Iron,” 32 page experimenter’s Full trade discounts to licensed hams and radiowise builders. We carry approved items advertised in rad‘o Kladag Radio Laboratories, Established 1920, Kent, Ohio. QUARTZ crystals, guaranteed oscillators 1929 fre- quencies, including foolproof holder, mountable brass dises with surfaces lapped true. &0 Meter band $20.00 160, $15.00 prepaid, cash with order. W2BDC, D.C. Akers, 181 Greenwood Ave., East Orange, N.J. TRANSFORMERS 250 watt 2000V unmounted "$8.00. 650V 7%4-7% $5.50. 550V-5 $4.00. Chokes 250 M.A. 30H $7.50. 160 M.A. 30H $5.00. 100 M.A. 30H $2.00. Write for specifications and materia! lists. Radio Parts Sales Co., Orange, N. J. W6IJ selling out. Parts, meters, magazine—25c

Low and high power transmitters. ete. 722 Burnside, Los _ Angeles, Calif. (Continued on Page 92)

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in Ad ion m- fue 1ed al. er- an lio ng Se 0 Le 28 —EE As the Uni-Rectron stands it isg) a super power amplifier, which can be used in connection with any radio set and loud speaker. Binding posts are provided for 19-21 Warren St., MODEL AP-935 UNI-RECTRON POWER AMPLIFIER & (IDEAL FOR USE WITH DYNAMIC SPEAKERS) whisper to the loudest crash of sound—R.C.A. Uni-Rectron am- plifies each note at its true value. High and low notes are all treated alike. input to the Uni-Rectron and on ; , output to the speaker. Requires The volume and quality deliv- no batteries for its operation. It ered will be a revelation, obtains its power from the 110 Also by removing the input Volt, 60 Cycle alternating cur- and output transformers it can rent lighting circuit of your be used as a source of power for house. an oscillating or transmitting , ais LIST PRICE $88 50 tube, furnishing power for al] The UX-210 super power am- (with “ cireuits, grid, plate and filament plifying tube and the UX-216B w out tubes) and is the cheapest form of or 281 rectifying tube are used ~ Power Supply for Amateur with this amplifier, which can- Special 1927: Transmitting purposes ever of- not overload. From the faintest EA. fered. New. AMERICAN SALES CO. New York City CODE LESSONS FREE With the TELEPLEX INSTRUCTOR With Code furnish complete code in- each Teleplex Instructor we without cost Used structions for be- By ginners or advanced students. = s & teplen for ced Teleplex or le Navy practice. Sends you messages, radiograms, ete. — regular code trafic same as an operator would. No knowledge of code re- quired. Code lessons recorded on strong, waxed-tape records make every- thing simple and clear. En- dorsed by U. Navy and guaranteed to reproduce actual sending of expert operators. Write for de- Phencgrase scriptive literature, prices, otor el TELEPLEX CO., Dept, RL. 76 Cortlandt St., New York, N. Y. —_—— id ‘ ’ / Barawik, the first and o'dest radio specialty house, offers you unusual service this year. Bigver stocks, quicker shipments. lower prices. Deal with an old established, reliable house. Get honest goods honest service, honest prices Barawik service makes you more money Send now for big new catalog showing lowest whole- . Darts, short wave, etc 111A oe $A. - CHICAGO. U. S. ¢ sale prices on sets 1 BARAWIK CO. TRANSFORMERS, CHOKES Aes + hee Ow ee of all descriptions made to your specifications. The crying need of the radio con- structor and amateur for efficient coils, chokes, and transformers for either transmitter or receiver con- struction, is filled by the “Most Effi- cient” Power equipment manufac- tured by Il. R. NELSON CO. The new and radical core design developed by this company gives the small power transformers and coils all the efficiency inherent in large electrical construction work. Write in your wants. We will be glad to quote you. You will be surprised at I. R. NELSON COMPANY Bond Street Newark, N. J. the quality received for your invest-; ment. Prompt delivery on all orders.’ ral —_—__ NO TIME NOW To try and keep in the swim with a 1923 model rect transmitter with a power plant of unlimited capacity, netive note that marks the it respond with the clean, cutting, dist tation. Performance and your rectifi eahl ow ore snapprencnes by any other rectifier. Don’t skimp. Back your the mercury arc. Hear Be proud of your follow *em,— Competition’s too keen. almost perfect regulation accomplished operator. Just read what the gang says, RECTIFIER ENGIN EERING SERVICE, CLEVELAND, OHIO Radio W8ML 4837 Rockwood Road Say You Saw It in QST- It Identifies You and Helps QST 89

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Designed for Every Circuit Licensed by Corporation Fatent Nos. 4103, 1084104 A Complete Line of Volume Controls TONATROL incorporating Tonatrol in the receiver ld, you can control the volume from loud speaker smoothly, from the test whisper to the resounding in- sity of a brass band. Tonatrol Volume Controls are designed m types to meet the specifie requirements all types of circuits. There are spe- zed volun controls for A.C. circuits well as for the conventional battery eivers. Can be had with filament or power switch att Blectrad specializes in a full line of w all Radio Purposes including switch Write for Free Circulars and Full Information Dept. T-1 175 Varick St., New York DODGE RADIO SHORTKUT With A nd Hints for Better Key Work. Aer} Signals Stay Put—Never forgotten. KILLS HE SIT RODUCES RESULTS—Ability to Code—By attention few Short — s I Long Months. JDGE HIGH SPEED METHOD tensive 8p need Fractice) tr Known Few hours atten ed. from 25 to 40; increased con- DODGE MORSE SHORTKUT :' Ma r way and use either without ten ency ynfusion REPORTS FROM 500 USERS r n reque st -— a $3.50 High M NEY ORDER None ( . add Fifty , ae Cc. K. DOD BOX 100, MAMARONECK, NEW YORK ~ RADIO IN BRASIL When in Brasil. apply to M. BARROS & CIA for anything you need in mnection with radio. BARROS & CIA 70 sob. Rua S. José 70 sob. Postal Box 89 M. Rio de Janeiro Telegraph address, Radioparte, Rio de Janeiro Branch: Avenida S. Joao 4, S. Paulo, Brasil —_ OG On RS 90 Say You Saw It in QST The Heterodyne Low Freq. Generator (Continued from Page 23) As a design example, suppose we want to cover a beat frequency range of 20 kc. and that we have decided that the effects of beats between harmonics higher than the fifth will not be damaging. From the cable we find that a suitable fixed frequency will be 120 kc. We must first find what the ratio of C2/Cl1 will be (this is r) and by rearranging equation (5) we get f. \’ r=( 1+ ) (8) f; Solving for this we find that our value of r will be 1.44. Assuming we intend to use a 500 uufd. variable condenser, it will be necessary to shunt it with a fixed capacity of 1,134 pwufd. This will result in a ca- pacity range of from 1,134 pyfd. to 1,634 uufd. which complies with our ratio of 1 to 1.44. The inductance required can be deter- mined either by the usual formula for resonance, knowing the capacity and fre- quency, or by means of equation (4). On substituting in equation (4), the values k = 159.2, f. = 20, C: = .001634, r = 1.44, we obtain for our value of L, 1,560 uhy. We have, therefore, completely designed the oscillating receiver. On turning the variable condenser dial, the frequency will change from 100 to 120 kes. or will vary 20 ke. which is the audible range. In order to obtain zero beat frequency at the highest frequency of the oscillating receiver, which will allow operation along the flattest por- tion of the curve, it will be necessary to make the fixed frequency, F, equal to 120 ke. Then, when the variable condenser in the receiver is at its minimum capacity, the beat frequency will be zero; when it is set at its maximum capacity, the beat frequen- cy will be 20 kilocycles per second, and for various intermediate settings, various inter- mediate beat frequencies will result. A continuous variation in frequency from zero to 20,000 cycles will be obtained, spread out over a rotation of 180 degrees. Various combinations of capacitance, in- ductance and capacitance ratio may be used. As the fixed frequency is made higher, the capacitance ratio, r, will be made lower and either the inductance, capacitance or both will be reduced in size. In all cases, however, in order to obtain zero beat at the highest frequency of the receiver, we must have the fixed frequency of the other os- cillator equal to this. It is sometimes necessary to shunt a small micro-condenser across the fixed condenser in the fixed fre- quency oscillator circuit, F, in order to al- low this oscillator to be adjusted to zero beat when the variable frequency circuit is set at zero. This is necessary because small variations in the voltages imvressed upon the filament and plate circuits will cause slight changes in the frequencies at which these circuits are oscillating. It will also allow the effect of changing tubes to be compensated for and not require a major operation as might be necessary if such means were not provided. It Identifies You and Helps QST a Qaeonet se SOe PU