QST 1928-12: Vol 12 Iss 12

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—, General Radio Apparatus ls primarily intended for the amateur experimenter The Type 446 Voltage Divider is a true output potentiometer device. It is wound in two sections, one of 15,000 ohms primarily intended for a 300 volt rectifying system and a 1,500 ohm sec- tion for obtaining the bias voltage of a power tube. It is equipped with four adjustable slides, by means of which any combination of voltage may be obtained. This unit dissipates 60 watts and may Type 446 Voltage Divider be used with a 500 volt rectifying system aan $2.75 by connecting two units in series. Type 437 Center Tap Resistance Price . . « $0.50 Type 287 Ohmmeter - $30.00 In using alternating current a means of obtaining the mid-potential of the filament is required. The type 437 Type 287 Direct-Reading Center-Tap Resistance is designed to be nsists of a battery and me- mounted directly across the filament ies with a resistance which terminals of any tube socket by means of meter from damage at short adjustable contact prongs. This unit dial is calibrated directly provides the center tap of the filament One of the greatest uses of in circuits requiring such a connection. ter is the checking of appar- The tap is made by means of an adjust- ndication of the actual re- able slide. This unit has a total’ resist- * the circuit makes it particu- ance of 60 ohms and is capable of car- in the laboratory. rying 200 milliamperes. GENERAL camsnince, mass RADIO eet ¢.. Cera tin No. 931 Is Now Ready for Distribution Price .

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_ | fficial Organ of the AR-‘R-L ial ——————— VOLUME XII DECEMBER 1928 NUMBER 12 Editorials The “Good Old Days” Station Descriptions for 1929 The Construction and Operation of a 3500-kce. Crystal-Controlled Phone : ° 6 ° Earl W. Springer Push-Pull Transmitters : . : ; : ‘ ‘ James J. Lamb Radio With the Byrd Expedition An Improved Superheterodyne Straight-Edge Solutions Remote Control Relay ‘ . ; ° . : , , Gordon Fixman Choke Coil Design : ‘ ‘ ‘ ° , : , Herbert F. Waring Debunking Crystal Control ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ; J. Herbert Hollister Regenerative Coupling Devices in Audio Amplifiers , : . . J. K. Clapp Relieving the Glass Arm . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ Charles A. Hill A Frequency Meter Combined with Your Receiver ° ; ‘ Eugene C. Woodruff Some Suggestions for the Monitor > . : . , ‘ George Grammer Now-—-the Vacuum Tube Ammeter ‘ ‘ , ‘ ; ; ° L. W. Hatry Experimenters Section Report Calls Heard L.A.R.U. News Correspondence Department Financial Statement Some Election Returns QST is published monthly by The American Radio Relay League, Inc., at Hartford, Conn., U. 8. A. Official Organ of the A.R.R.L. and the International Amateur Radio Union Kenneth B. Warner (Secretary, A.R.R.L.), ~ F, Cheyney Beekley, Editor-in-Chief and Business Manager Managing Editor and Advertising Manager Harold P. Westman, Ross A. Hull, David H. Houghton, Technical Editor Associate Technical Editor Circulation Manager Subscription rote in United States and Possessions, Canada, and all countriesin the American Postal Union, $2.50 per year postpaid. Single copies, 25 cents. Foreign countries notin American Postal Union, $3.00 per year, postpaid. Remittances should be by international postal or express money order or bank draft negotiable in the U. 8S. and for an equivalent amount in U. S. funds intered as second-class matter May 29,1919, at the post office at Hartford, Connecticut, under the act of March 8. 1879. Accept- ance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 1103. Act of October 3, 1917, authorized September 9, 1922. Additional entry as second-class matter, acceptable at srecial rate of postage provided for above, at Springfield, Mags., authorized Sevtember 17, 1924. Copyright 1928 by the American Radio Relay League, Inc. Title registered at United States Patent Office. Member of the Radio Magazine Publishers’ Association.

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= The American Radio Relay League The American Radio Relay League, Inc., is a non-commercial association of radio amateurs, bonded for the promotion of interest in amateur radio communication and experimentation, for the relay- ing of messages by radio, for the advancement of the radio art and of the public welfare, for the representation of the radio amateur in legislative matters, and for the maintenance of fraternalism and a high standard of conduct. It is an incorporated association without capital stock, chartered under the laws of Connecticut. Its affairs are governed by a Board f Directors, elected every two years by the general membership. The fficers are elected or appointed by the Directors. The League is non- ymmercial and no one commercially engaged in the manufacture, sale r rental of radio apparatus is eligible to membership on its board. “Of, by and for the amateur”, it numbers within its ranks prac- tically every worth-while amateur in the world and has a history of glorious achievement as the standard-bearer in amateur affairs. Inquiries regarding membership are solicited. A bona fide in- terest in amateur radio is the only essential qualification; ownership f a transmitting station and knowledge of the code are not prere- quisite. Correspondence should be addressed to the Secretary. DIRECTORS President Dakota Division Pacific Division AM PERCY MAXIM Cc. M. JANSKY, JR. ALLEN H. BABCOCK Drawer 2102, Dept. of Elec. Eng., U. of M., 65 Market St., Hartford, Conn. Minneapolis, Minn. Southern Pacific Co., a San Francisco Delta Division Vice-President BENJ. F. PAINTER See Ditiin ES H. STEWA 424 Hamilton Nat'l] Bank Bldg., = ~~ —— Chattanooga, Tenn. W. TAY Gaavase Hudson Division Danville, Va. t Manager DR. LAWRENCE r- DUNN , a 80 Hanson Plaee " : — H. K. RUSSE Rocky Mountain Division Mail — Brookiyn, N. Y. PAUL M. SEGAL ‘oronto, Ont. Midwest Division Box 1771 PORTER H. QUINBY Denver, Colo. 817 Lauderman Building, io itlantic Division St. Louis, Mo. Southeastern ~~ ~ NE C. hat ated New England Division Moning f cae Ene. Vo ERTOEES BV. DR. ELLIOTT A. WHITE oo St. N. W ute College, Pa. 245 Spring St., N. * ’ Dartmouth College, Atlanta, Ga Hanover, N. H. F : tral Division Northwestern Division West Gulf Division LYDE E. DARR K. W. WEINGARTEN FRANK M. CORLETT Ave., Highland Park, $219 No. 24th St., 2515 Catherine St., Detroit, Mich. Tacoma, Wash. Dallas, Tex. OFFICERS a ae HrraAM Percy MAxiM, Hartford,Conn. se-President . . . . . . CHAS. H. Stewart, St. David’s, Pa. retary . . . . « « « KENNETH B. WARNER, Hartford, Conn. surer . . . . . . . ARTHUR A. HEBERT, Hartford, Conn. unications Manager . . F. Epwarp HAnpy, Hartford, Conn. NERAL CORRESPONDENCE TO THE EXECUTIVE HEADQUARTERS AT HARTFORD, CONN

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EDITORIALS HE International Amateur Radio Union has adopted a new constitution where- under it becomes an international fed- eration of independent national amateur societies like our A.R.R.L. Thus at length there is consummated that dream of many years, a true international amateur body to deal with the international aspects of our amateur radio, a dream never capable of realization while the Union continued as a single world-wide association of individual memberships. Progress has been slow in the development of the federation from the association formed at Paris in 1925, with many difficulties to negotiate and many dif- ferences of opinion to reconcile, but at last it has been done. While in 1925 such a union was impossible because national so- cieties of bona-fide transmitting amateurs did not exist in many countries, the proba- tionary period in the Union’s existence has resulted in many cases in the establishment of those strong societies as outgrowths of the Union’s original “sections”, and so the time has by no means been wasted. The new constitution is printed in this month’s I.A.R.U. department in QST. Every amateur ought to read it and know for what the Union stands and how it operates. Amongst its purposes are “the promotion and coérdination of two-way radio com- munication between the amateurs of the various countries of the world; the effecting of coédperative agreements between the national amateur radio societies of the vari- ous countries of the world on matters of common welfare; the advancement of the radio art; the representation of two-way amateur radio communication interests in international communication corferences; the encouragement of international fratern- alism.” It will not concern itself with the domestic affairs of any society but exists for the purpose of smoothing out our inter- national difficulties and applying to the radio relations of amateurs in different countries that same brand of practical co- dperation which we have found so essential in our national affairs. League members who recall the list of countries in which the Union, in its origin- al form, had “sections”, will be pleasantly surprised to read the present membership roster of the I.A.R.U.: American Radio Re- lay League, Asociacion E. A. R. (Spain), Associazione Radiotecnica Italiana (Italy), Canadian Section A.R.R.L., Deutscher Funk Technischer Verein (Germany), Neder- landsche Vereeniging voor Internationaal Radioamateurisme (Netherlands), Radio Society of Great Britain, Reseau Belge (Belgium), Reseau des Emetteurs Francais (France), South African Radio Relay League, Wireless Institute of Australia, plus sections not yet converted into fully- fledged independent societies in Argentina, Brazil and Switzerland. Negotiations are under way now to bring into membership the amateur societies in Norway, Poland and Portugal. Other societies are invited to apply. The A.R.R.L. has been named as the headquarters member, and the A.R.R.L.’s_ president, vice-president and secretary occupy their respective offices in the Union. This, then, is the international machin- ery which the amateur has set up for the expansion and the safe-guarding of his ac- tivities everywhere. Like our League it is “of, by and for the amateur”—the two-way communicating amateur—and non-commer- cial. International amateur communication, so precious to us, so vital a force in the flowering of friendships and in the creation of that common understanding between peo- ples which is the best guarantee of peace and happiness, will encounter many prob- lems on which codperation between national societies will be necessary. Particularly will this be true when the provisions of the Washington Convention take effect. No one national society can dictate what all amateurs must do. Nobody would pay at- tention. Yet there must be orderly discus- sion, the weighing of problems, and order- ly solutions mutually determined, or our international contact will suffer. We need the I.A.R.U. It will act as the medium be- tween societies to effect that vital codpera- tion. The rehabilitation of the Union at this time is a splendid thing for all of us. It is a strong point in the amateur’s preparation to take care of himself in the changing con-

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| amongst the manifold difficulties 9 ushers in. Its principles we und, because they are unselfish e they have been tested for years and every other successful ama- ation. It will work well for us, OST DECEMBER, 1928

not only in the solution of practical oper- ating problems but in hastening that day when in every country of the world there is contact and understanding between its peo- ple and those of other lands. K. B. W.

The “Good Old Days” seems to be a pretty definite g among hams today that the old has changed within the last few | the friendly rag-chewing state cterized it some time ago. writes as follows: ; to me as if amateur wireless is being put too much on a busi- It seems as if the fellows who messages to get thru are out of nswer a station, the first thing he RU. If I say NIL, then it’s ‘73’ I don’t even have a chance to QRA the fellow who calls his pal State and says ‘How is the ‘How does the world treat re are very few of those fellows ther hams, just when was this en? Recently? Not so you it! It was written nearly nine t the hey-day of the spark, and ld days” of yore, when J. O. the Traffic Manager of the 1 a transeon needed at least two across the country. It was Hutchinson, 9HR, in March, 1920, and published on page 47 of the QST of May, 1920. Apparently, the game has not changed so much. We still kick about the same things. —_—_e@o-——_—_—_ Station Descriptions for 1929 HERE have been a great snag of "T cucries as to why station descriptions have been missing from QST during the last few months. In explanation we have said that stations are described in the magazine to provide examples of the best practice for the aid and inspiration of sta- tion builders—or' re-builders—and _ that early 1928 type stations, except in rare cases, are not examples of what is consid- ered the best practice for 1929. At this time, however, 1929 type stations are being evolved in hordes and the material for a series of station descriptions in next year’s QSTs undoubtedly exists in abundance. Who is to start off the new series of true 1929 type stations? Sharp photographs of postcard size or larger are desirable together with a de- scription in detail of all circuits and ap- paratus.

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FATHER INSTALLS A RADIOTELESCOPOGRAPH THE PROPHESY DOESN’T QUITE COME TRUE trtoon was published in the May, 1921 issue of QST. We see now that the f 1928 was probably ten years too soon.

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>r- ed ne DECEMBER, 1928 OST The Construction and Operation of a 3500-kc. Crystal-Controlled Phone By Earl W. Springer* band from 3500 to 3550 ke. is avail- able for phone work, a number of amateurs are getting phones on the air. About half of them successfully hit the correct frequencies and stay there. If we just stop to think, 50 kc. is really a very narrow range in which to work and for phone transmission there is only room for five stations to operate without inter- ference if they were separated by a fre- quency of 10 ke. However, it has been my experience that five amateur phones of the average loop modulation type couldn’t get into a frequency band of 50 ke. and work without interference even if their carrier frequencies were 10 kc. apart, for just as soon as modulation is impressed, wobbulation starts up, and the said phones can be found covering 15 ke. or more with the addition of a 5 to 10 ke. shift in frequency as the tubes warm up. I have been using a screens grid r.f. receiver for 3500-kc. phone work and I find with this receiver that tuning is rather sharp, cutting off quickly at |: VIEW of the fact that the frequency aif target is within the range of the shot. The distance covered in any case is never great. Now let us take for our example, the rifle. With only a very small amount of powder, a single ball is shot a long distance with great speed and force. To hit the target, however, good aim must be exercised. Radio transmission is just the same way, it seems. The broad transmitter is easy to tune in but is neither able to cut through in- terference nor cover distance with the same effectiveness as the transmitter radiating all its energy withina narrow frequency band. + 300V +1000¥ FIGURE 1. CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR. THE AMPLIFIER IS NEUTRAL- IZED TO PREVENT SELF-OSCILLATION Tictiheced HEISING wopu LATION IS APPLIED TO THE C1, 250-upfd. receiving condenser. somewhere near 10 ke. Some (2° 250-uufd. fixed condenser. of the phones I pick up appear C3. 250-uufd. receiving condenser double spaced. to have very poor modulation Li. 25 turns of No. 18 d,c.c. wire on a 3%” form. " 4 . : > L2, Ls. 12 turns of 4%” ribbon 4” in diameter. yet when the r.f. stage is de- [7 so henry choke. tuned, the detector alone being R1. Bradleyleak. used, the modulation clears 7. ry ohms. ee ~ right up. In other words the “*© 1°? turns of No. s2. on @ I” form, wave being picked up is wob- bling so much due to modulation that the r.f. stage cuts off that portion of the signal which shifts more than 10 ke. from the fre- quency setting of the receiver. A signal that is covering up a large fre- quency range by modulation wobble cannot expect to be as effective as a signal main- taining a constant frequency, and having all side bands generated by modulation alone. The whole problem has a parallel in the “shotgun and the rifle’ as men- tioned in QST some time ago. In the shotgun example, several ounces of powder are used to force a number of small shot over a large area covering a short distance. The man using such a gun doesn’t have to be a good shot to hit the target, for he can bang away in the general direction of the mark and expect to score somewhat of a hit providing, of course, the *W9BWI, R. R.—Fort Wayne, Ind. The object was, then, to design and con- struct a transmitter that would do the rifle act for radio transmission and not the shot- gun one as most transmitters do. There are two types of transmitters that will do this; these being the master oscillator type and the crystal controlled type.’ Bet- ter results are obtainable with crystal con- trol, and wave shifting due to tubes warm- ing up does not take place, while the master oscillator, power amplifier set, unless the oscillator is materially under-loaded will have some slight shift. Because of its greater stability, the crystal was chosen. The next question was the manner in which the carrier would be modulated. Two methods were tried, both working out well. The first method tried was to modulate the 1. Both of these are oscillator-amplifier transmit- ters and differ chiefly in that one employs a crystal to determine the frequency while the other does not.

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cr} llator. As will be seen in Figure Re ng constant current, system was L is circuit, as high an r.f. voltage can placed on the grid of the ampli- fier for c.w. operation because volt- age | eaused by modulation must be

OST

DECEMBER, 1928

the “C” battery is used it is necessary to use an r.f. choke with a natural period somewhere near the frequency of the crys- tal. If the choke happens to be too near the frequency of the crystal, it may wreck it due to forced oscillation, should any feed- back occur from the amplifier. When only all r. When too high an excitation § the resistance is used, even if the amplifier is u amplifier plate current will drop does get out of neutralization, it will not bac] n modulation is impressed. The have near the regenerative effect on the crystal oscillator as when the 201-A 203-A “C” battery and choke method is used. Still one other advantage : of the resistance is that the oscil- i =|] <2 lator cannot operate unless the y crystal oscillates, and it is there- fore impossible to have an input ip SN att at to the amplifier at any other than ttf alafelafa 7 ry pie the crystal frequency. The second method employed was to modulate the amplifier stage by SRFC the Heising system. A modulator 203A P W tube of the same rating as_the —_ Ly Y amplifier tube was used. With pi Le this syst it is possible to run a s system, it is possible to = | 3 the excitation voltage applied to 5 ls 3 the grid of the amplifier up to the rs value that would be used for c.w. ~ ia operation because no modulation = . peaks will be impressed upon the ~ | grid of the amplifier stage. It is 4g pone —. 2 , ‘a 0 gs RN, Ee aie greater output wi is method. . he ns: sae The circuit is shown in Figure 2. er two tubes comprise the speech amplifier and Most phone operators do not pay tle the lower two are the crystal oscillator and enough attention to the audio amp- ifier. The constants are approximately the same lifiers used and distortion occurs 6 1 and ave, Merefere, net repented here. in either the speech amplifier or modulator tubes. Under no con- pro] tion of the amplifier grid clip ditions should the plate current to these on llator inductance is that point amplifier tubes vary when modulation is wl mplifier plate current remains taking place. fa nt, when modulating. In actual Let us refer to a sample characteristic oper his plate current jerked back and curve showing the effect of grid voltage fort what while modulation was going upon plate current for the standard type on. ntenna current will usually drop of vacuum tube. This is shown in Figure 3. bac] ll amount when modulation is Assume the characteristic curve x-y for imp! lthough points of adjustment a given plate voltage. Locate the operating of t tor and amplifier with rather point of the tube at b by using a high nega- low puts may be found where up-_ tive grid bias. When the wave form of war ilation of the antenna current voltage indicated by the dotted line is im- tak ( However, whether the an- pressed on the grid the resultant plate cur- ten! rrent falls off or increases using rent wave form will be produced as shown this ! seems to make little differ- by the graphic construction. It is easily ence ain thing to keep in mind is seen that the area of the loop above the to h plate currents of all tubes re-_ line b-c is much greater than the area of main t when modulation takes place loop below the line. From this we conclude if n rfect modulation is wanted. that the sum of the areas of any number It 1 ind that a Bradleyleak was fine of loops above the line b-c will be greater for t rrid leak of the oscillator and for than the sum of the areas of the loops high reentage of modulation of the below the line. This condition results in oscill rather high resistance value an increased d.c. plate current when of grid leak was necessarv. The variable the operation point of the tube is at b, and adjustr makes it possible to quickly a signal is impressed upon the grid. adjus highest output. Using the same construction as for opera- In t illator, the use of a grid leak tion at point b, point a is located at the seem be much better than the “C” center of the slope of the characteristic battery for the following reasons: When curve by decreasing the bias to about 25

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28 iod ys- ar ck »d- ily er ot he od ge ‘il- he re- ut an as DECEMBER, 1928 volts. Under these conditions when an a.c. voltage is applied to the grid, a wave form of plate current shown by the solid line will be produced. From the figure it is easily seen that the areas above and below the line a-d are equal to each other, and the d.c. plate current of the tube will be neither increased nor decreased by the application of a signal to the grid. However, even though the bias may be adjusted so that the tube is being operated at the straight portion of the curve, it is possible to cause distortion by making the input voltage too high. When this occurs, the plate current is cut off completely (or very nearly) when the grid is negative and the grid goes positive on the other half of the cycle and draws current. When the overload is slight, the quality is poor and the voice sounds blurred and mushy. Un- der bad conditions, the voice may be unin- telligible. When overloading is present, it is not always indicated by a change in plata cur- rent and the best test is to insert a low reading d.c. milliammeter in the grid cir- cuit to indicate when grid current is being taken by the tube. If no grid meter is available and though the plate current re- mains constant, the output is distorted; it is safe to assume that this is the case. The cure is to reduce the input to the micro- phone by holding it farther from the mouth or by shunting a resistance across the sec- ondary of the microphone transformer. The latter method will improve the character- istics of the transformer and if a variable resistor of about 100,000 ohms maximum is used, it will provide an excellent method of controlling the output of the modulation system. THE ADJUSTMENT OF THE SET Start the oscillator going with no plate voltage on the amplifier but the amplifier tube filament lighted. Vary the tank con- denser of the amplifier and it will be found that the plate milliammeter of the oscillator will jump at a certain setting of the ampli- fier condenser. More than likely the oscil- lator plate current will increase at this point. Adjust the neutralizing condenser until the oscillator plate current returns to normal. On shifting the amplifier con- denser now, it will be found it has hardly any effect on the oscillator plate current. Without shielding it will be very difficult to adjust to a point where no effect is noted on the oscillator when the amplifier tank condenser is varied. The point of least effect, however, is the point of most com- plete neutralization. Now place a low voltage on the plate of the amplifier. If a grid leak is used adjust the amplifier tank condenser until a sharp dip in plate current is noted. At this point the amplifier stage is in resonance with the oscillator. The antenna is now tuned to OST 11 the amplifier in the usual way. Now in- crease the plate voltage on the amplifier stage to normal, making small adjustments of the tank condenser to give highest an- tenna current for lowest plate current. Vary the antenna coil coupling to the point where the antenna current is greatest with the lowest plate current. Now that we have the c.w. part of the set going, the next thing is to impress modulation on the carrier. With plate volt- d, ate currer€ fw | | > i ! a. mai y, —_—— + LP . FIGURE 8. THE ABOVE CURVE SHOWS THE EFFECT UPON THE OUTPUT WAVE SHAPE OF THE BIAS AT WHICH THE TUBE IS OPERATED When being operated with the grid 40 volts negative, the positive alternation causes a much greater change in plate current than does the negative alternation. This is not the case when about 20 volts is applied to the grid. For undistorted output, it is essential that the tube be worked on the straight portion of the curve || 7 = 9 2 teen 7 coe A 30620 —(CUwWhUCO > Grid voltage age on the modulator, the bias is adjusted until the tube runs fairly cool. With the speech amplifier turned on, whistle into the microphone. The modulator plate current will, more than likely, jump up to some higher value and remain so until the whistle is stopped. Decrease the “C” battery volt- age on the modulator until its plate milli- ammeter neither jumps up nor down when whistling into the microphone. It will be found that when using almost any bias on the modulator without regard to speech quality, the antenna current will increase when modulating. The increase in antenna current may be more with an improper bias than when the modulator is properly adjusted so don’t work for greatest increase in antenna current, and place that above all other things. The antenna cur- rent is not a true indication of the good- ness or amount of modulation at all, unless all other adjustments of the set are prop- erly made. When the modulating system is being adjusted it will be well to check the output

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of t h amplifier by means of a head- set | d in the plate circuit of the 201-A am} r tube. A low reading mflliammeter in t te circuit may also be used, adjust- ing ” battery of the speech amplifier ul k is had on this meter. W e modulator properly biased its pla rrent will jerk back and forth some- wha n talking, and no amount of wh , etcetera, will make the modu- lator te current jump up to a higher valu wn to a lower one and remain modulation is impressed. The tT = | THE TEST SET CONSISTS OF A Y METER WITH A CRYSTAL OR AND PAIR OF PHONES HUNTED ACROSS IT equency meter is not available, any r which will tune to the transmitted TXAKKA am] ate current will jump a little also t as much as the modulator. W ese adjustments made, make the foll test to determine if an amp- lifi f all voice frequencies is being eff« the set: Note the antenna cur- rent 1 e¢ with no modulation. Now hum a lov nto the microphone, and note the na current increase. Suppose the incr l ampere. Now hum a medium pit of the same volume as the low, and enna current should increase .1l am] before. In the same way try a hig and the results should be the san t of all, try whistling and the anter rrent should not increase so very mucl than for the lowest note.’ If t does give a level increase thr the voice scale it’s a very good indi at everything is working satis- fact N one other test and we will be throug H a crystal detector circuit as show! g. 4. The circuit LC may be your r frequency meter. The phones and c1 are connected as shown. When 2 f this test is somewhat doubtful un- lesa o7 ‘ ire that the intensity of the notes humme t the same. It is quite easy to put more some notes than into others and so it 1 ble to also run the next test before conden et if it does not pass this test. I have since at a violin maintaining a constant pressur peed of the bow across the strings gives better and more quantitative results. OST DECEMBER, 1928 the frequency meter circuit is tuned to the frequency of the transmitter, the modula- tion will be heard just as it is being put out on the air. If the motor-generator set, or what have you, is making a bad hum it shows up in the check receiver. If over- modulation is taking place it very quickly shows up, and correction can easily be made without taking some distant station’s word for it. After I had my set going per all direc- tions except the check set I received reports of very poor modulation, yet when I biased the modulator tube so it would kick up, good reports were received. On connecting up the check set it was found that room echo did not seem to bother when the modulator was biased high, but the voice sounded cracked and dry. When proper adjustments were made every word spoken was followed by a very bad echo giving a hollow, distorted effect. An ordinary tele- phone microphone was being used. To overcome the echo difficulty a disc of card- board was cut and glued into the front part of the mouth piece of the microphone. In this dise were punched about 15 holes the size of the lead in a pencil. When the metal cover that fits over the back of the micro- phone was fitted tightly in place, the echo disappeared. To listen to the output now one wouldn’t know that a studio was not being used. The reason the echo bothered when the proper adjustment was made was because the set was sensitive to practically all fre- quencies under this condition, while under improper conditions it discriminated against certain bands of frequencies. As for results with this set, they were even better than had ever been hoped for. With an amplifier input never exceeding 100 watts, reports have been received from all parts of the United States and Canada. After adjustments were properly made, the set meeting the tests described, all reports from the many communications held throughout the central and eastern part of the United States and Canada gave the modulation as being very good or perfect, many stating the signal sounded like that of a broadcast station. With a number of stations worked the operator was asked to set his receiver into oscillation and tune to zero beat with the carrier. In every case when this was tried the report was given that the modulation was practically as clear as when the receiver was not oscillating. This indicates that the amount of wobbulation is insignificant. The problem of plate supply was not bothersome and when using a motor-gen- erator with a 62-segment commutator, no hum or ripple was noted although the only filter used was a 2-yfd. condenser across the brushes.

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928 the ula- out , or 1 it yer- kly ade ord ec- rts sed up, ing om the ice DECEMBER, 1928 OST Push-Pull Transmitters By James J. Lamb* HE realization of one hundred per cent performance on the part of the 1929 short-wave transmitter is noth- ing more than the practical applica- tion of that epigram of the artist Michel- angelo, “Trifles make perfection but perfec- tion is no trifle.” The difference between a truly effective signal and a very mediocre or even poor one may be due to some seem- ingly unimportant triviality but the proper ments as a result of the changes in tempera- ture which must inevitably accompany op- eration. Against this problem must be matched the utmost care in design and con- struction. The inter-element capacitances are not great in terms of units of capacity nor are the changes in capacitance large in the ab- solute sense. Their effectiveness in causing a variation in frequency is considerable only THE 100-WATT PUSH-PULL, TUNED-GRID, TUNED-PLATE TRANSMITTER The frame consists of treated strips of “‘printers’ furniture”. The plate tank condenser is to the left of the densers at the left are for antenna tuning. tubes and the grid tank condenser to the right of the tubes. The two vertically mounted variable con- Grid blocking, plate blocking and filament by-pass condensers are mounted beneath the frame together with the grid leak. attention to this results in a perfect signal. A perfect signal is no trifle. The goal to be constantly striven for is frequency stability. Anything which con- tributes to this stability is good. Anything which detracts from it is bad. Infinite pains taken to eliminate any feature inimical to frequency stability are justifiable. Rigid mechanical construction and low loss equip- ment are fundamental in striving for fre- quency stability. Plate and filament power supplies should have the best voltage regula- tion characteristics possible. But even after these considerations have been satisfied there remain inherent properties of the vacuum tube itself which can defeat all the gains realized in the attempt to attain constant frequency. One of these is the variation of inter-electrode capacitance due to mechan- ical vibration of the tube at audio frequen- cies and against which ordinary precautions in preventing vibration from reaching the tubes are effective. The second is the varia- tion in inter-electrode capacitance due to contraction and expansion of the metal ele- *WICEI-W1SZ. A.R.R.L. Technical Information Service and Experimenters’ Section. in the proportion which exists between the change in their capacitance and the total parallel capacitance of which they are a part. If the total parallel capacitance is made large, the change in the inter-electrode ca- pacitance is made correspondingly less ef- fective. Thus the High-C type of circuit’ goes a long way towards accomplishing to the limit of its application. This limit is reached when the losses attendant on the high tank circuit currents resulting become so large as to prevent the sustaining of an oscillating condition. Accordingly, further application of the principle cannot be addi- tional increase in the tank circuit capaci- tance but must be a decrease in the internal tube capacitances which are causing the frequency variation. Obviously these are locked up inside the envelope of the tube and cannot be directly operated upon. There- fore it is necessary to resort to a process of going around through the back door in order to get to the front. 1. Overhauling the Transmitter for 1929, QST, August 1928. Adapting Medium and High-Powered Self-Excited Transmittera for 1929 Service, QST, September, 1928.

Page 12

circu the case pe or tur atel) lusti electi grid a conventional transmitter High-C type, which in this to be of the Armstrong tuned-plate variety. Immedi- is the equivalent circuit il- relation of the various inter- pacitances to the rest of the cir- cuit and Cpf are in parallel with the tank circuits respectively and WOOO oS) KAHN) (0 4 = med a > Pp wn" o | ~~; =| oD RO sf = +f _ I " £3 . > FIGI The it i will const and are electr or i1n This Since ities then great total propt I cy curr the tul parall double Takir High-* the ac tank cay pufd for include tube w sidering peres v tatement ent through a group of capac- allel will t proportion to their value, the nd Cpf are in proportion to the r VVENTIONAL HIGH-C TUNED— TUNED—PLATE CIRCUIT ye are the same as given in Figure $-A. at any change in Cgf or Cpf corresponding change in the heir associated tank circuits n frequency. If two tubes parallel this change in inter- ity will be doubled in effect practice more than doubled. is made advisedly. be divided between capacitance, the greater the the tank circuit radio frequen- hich will take its path through hen two tubes are connected in values of Cgf and Cpf are specific example a_ typical mitter such as that shown in g photograph, the total plate nce will be of the order of 525 ig to the 7,000 ke. band. This ate-filament capacitance of the ay be assumed as 15 pufd. Con- to tall — current as 10 am- tube, .3 amperes of this cur- OST DECEMBER, 1928 rent will flow through the plate-filament tube capacity. With two tubes in parallel and the power in the plate circuit practically doubled, the tank current becomes 40 per cent greater, or 14 amperes. The plate- filament tube capacity has also been doubled, and in order to tune the circuit to the same frequency the capacity of the tuning conden- ser must be decreased by an amount equal to the plate-filament capacity of the second tube. The amount of the total current which now passes through the combined plate-filament tube capacitances becomes .8 ampere, or .4 ampere through each tube. The increase in current through each tube is therefore 33 1/3 per cent. The tube capacitances become a larger proportion of the total tank capacitance and their ability to influence frequency changes correspondingly increases. More- over, the increased current through each of the tubes gives rise to additional heating of the elements and further aggravates the altogether undesirable frequency shifting. For these reasons the operation of tubes in parallel in high frequency transmitters does not look so good. Some means of re- ducing the effective tube capacitances as a proportion of the total tank capacitance ap- pears to be justifiable, and in the push-pull type of transmitter a solution is found. The advantage is seemingly trifling, but the ap- proach towards realization of constant fre- quency is appreciable. Consider the circuit shown in Figure 2 and its accompanying equivalent capacity diagram. This is the push-pull version of the tuned-grid, tuned-plate circuit of Figure 1. The striking feature at once noticeable is that the capacitances Cgf are in series with each other with respect to their asso- ciated tank circuit condenser, as are also the two capacitances Cpf in series with each other with respect to the plate tank tuning condenser. The effective inter-electrode ca- pacitances are therefore reduced to one half what they are in the one tube circuit of Figure 1 or to one fourth of what they are with two tubes in parallel. The proportion of the total tank circuit currents through the tube capacitances has been reduced in the same or even greater proportion, as has also the capability of variation in inter-elec- trode capacitance for changing frequency been cut down. A UV-203-A tube has an ef- fective input capacity of 24.1 uyfd.’, and a plate-filament capacity of 15.5 pufd. The tank current in the plate circuit of the trans- mitter is much greater than that in the grid circuit tank, and is therefore to be consid- ered. If the plate tank tuning condenser has a capacity of 500 pufd. in the High-C circuit of Figure 1 (a quite usual capacity), 2. The input capacity is not the same as the measured grid-filament capacity of the tube itself. (See page 212, Thermionic Vacuum Tube, Van Der Bij).

Page 13

DECEMBER, 1928

the ratio of Cpf to the total plate tank ca- pacitance is approximately 1 to 35. With two tubes in parallel it is 1 to 17 or 18 while in the push-pull arrangement it becomes 1 to 70. The corresponding grid circuit ratios, with the same value of total tank ca- pacitance, are 1 to 20 with the one tube arrangement, 1 to 10 with two tubes in parallel and 1 to 40 with the push- pull circuit. Going back to the plate circuit where the heavy tank currents are found, with three percent of the total tank current flowing through the plate-filament capacitance when the one tube arrangement is used and approximately the same per- Re Cc Cs RFC + iE | L, Caf > Go.) * c. C2 R i tt - Cc — iL . Pied a tT W | ‘eR | Be Cof Cef Cap + FIGURE 2.

L2

T J

| <—_——_—_+

PUSH-PULL, TUNED GRID, TUNED PLATE CIRCUIT. C1. 350-upfd, double spaced, transmitting type, National. C2. 1,000-uwufd. receiving condenser, Cardwell. C3. 25-uufd. variable transmitting condenser. C4, C5. 300-unfd. Faradon transmitting blocking con- densers. C6. 2,000-upfd, Sangamo receiving condensers. L1. Plate coil of %-inch copper tubing, 3 inches in diameter. 6 turns for 7,000 ke. and 2 turns for 14,000 ke L2. Grid coil of “%-inch copper tubing, 3 inches in diameter. 4 turns for 7,000 ke. and 2 turns for 14,000 ke. LS. 4 turns of edgewise wound copper strip, inchea in diameter, directly around L1 R. 10,000-ohm grid leak, R1. Filament center-tap resistor. centage through each tube with two tubes in parallel, there will be but 1% per cent of the total tank current through each tube in the push-pull circuit. Since the propor- tion of tank *ireuit radio frequency trough

OST 15 each tube has been reduced one half, what- ever heating effect there may be from this current is reduced to one fourth. Each of these gains is but a trifle but each is a milestone on the way to the perfection be- ing sought. ANT

~~

= + FIGURE 8. PUSH-PULL HARTLEY CIRCUIT. Li. 6& or 6 turng of %-inch copper tubing 4 inches in diameter for 7,000 ke. operation. L2, L8. Split antenna coil. Each coil consists of 5 turns of %-inch copper tubing $ inches in diameter. C1. 500-upfd, 3.000-volt transmitting condenser. C2. 250-upfd. double spaced, Cardwell receiving condenser. Cs, Ch. 500-wufd., 5,000-volt Sangamo fixed con- denser. C5. 2,000-unfd. Sangamo receiving condensers. R1. 20,000-ohm grid leak. R2, 200-ohm center tapped resistor. Tubes are UX-852. The push-pull type of transmitter has another commendable feature which cannot be overlooked. Under the old frequency assignments the amateur has not had much cause to worry over whether or not his transmitter happened to be radiating har- monics of its main frequency. All the bands have had their upper and lower limits in harmonic relation so that the strong even harmonics which might happen to be pres- ent have fallen within the higher frequency bands, and have given no cause for com- plaint on the part of interests other than amateur. Under the new assignments, however, this situation no longer exists in the same degree. The particular bands which may have harmonics outside ama- teur territory are and 7000 kc,’ 1750 ke., 3500 ke. Therefore it may be con-

Page 14

raph and diagram Figure 2. xpedient to eliminate the possibility ting a harmonic in somebody else’s The High-C circuit is inherently poor generator of harmonics, and pull cireuit goes even further and nd harmonic, which ordinarily is ngest, is actually cancelled out.‘ istruction there is nothing unusual the push-pull transmitter of the In fact, ber of parts, with the addition of nd tube and socket, is the same as OST DECEMBER, 1928 est “H” do not in themselves possess this capacitance in a sufficient degree, although in some cases it is supplied by the wiring and if the tuned-grid, tuned-plate circuit is to be properly used with these tubes, coupling between the grid and plate cir- cuits external to the tubes must be pro- vided. One method is shown in the dotted lines of Figure 2. The coupling condensers may be high voltage, variable condensers having a maximum capacity of 25-uyfd. The value of capacity is not extremely critical except in that both should be the same so that each tube will receive equal excitation. Tubes which have sufficient grid-plate capacitance are the R, UX-210, and UV-203-A and UV-204-A or tubes of similar type. In addition ‘to this method of securing the PUSH-PULL AMPLIFIER TRANSMITTER. ne are as usual for the tube used. Two UX-210 tubes are used tor and two UX-860 tubes in the amplifier. th a maximum resistance of about 20,000 ohms. A Bradley leak l. RS hae a resistance of 100,000 ohms and provides the proper ltage ransmitter shown in Figure 1. The -2000Vv CRYSTAL CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR- proper coupling between the grid and plate cir- cuits there are many others. These may be generall classified as capacitative and induct- ive. The tuned-grid, tuned-plate, Colpitts and allied types of circuit provide the capacitative coupling, while the Hart- ley, Meissner and modifications thereof R2 is a variable —_—, ——- st sama Ln rn Gh et ooh GP Ch is exactly the same as for any ined-grid, tuned-plate transmitter and te clearly described on page 29 of provide inductive or combined capacitative and inductive coupling. The push-pull families of circuits are subject to a wider , there must be grid-plate capaci- sufficiently low reactance to do the bes such as the UX-852 and DeF or- QST, September, 1928. 61, Thermionic Vacuum Tube, Van Der QS r September, 1928. The push-pull variety of circuit arrangement than the tran er shown is surprisingly efficient straight fundamental parent circuits, and ane ctive in operation. In laboratory jt would be a stupendous task beyond the tes ,000 ke., the input has been run as_ scope of this article to attempt to cover hig 00 watts with a plate voltage of them all. 150 out visible indication of excessive As an example of the method of inductive — ng on the part of the two UV- coupling the Hartley is illustrated in the 203-A tubes used. Such input is obviously circuit diagram of Figure 3. This particu- not. mmended for operation, but gives Jar version happens to be shunt feed with an in tion of the efficiency which may the grid blocking condenser and grid leak be « ed at normal input. The tendency jpn the grid return circuit. This arrange- for requency to creep is hardly detect- ment utilizes the minimum number of able, n the air the signals are invari- pieces of apparatus possible with a push- ably rted dc. and crystal control. pull Hartley. The point C is the exact elec- The supply consists of a motor-gen- trical center of the inductance. Grid excita- erato! h a 2-ufd. condenser across the tion of tube 1 is determined by the turns brus a filter. ar CD while that of tube 2 is determined by Th ned-grid, tuned-plate circuit is not the turns CB. The number of turns in CD enti stisfactory in its usual form with and CB should always be kept exactly equal every pe of transmitting tube. Since 0 that the tubes are given equal excitation. with cireuit the grid-plate capacitance [To increase excitation, move the grid clips must depended upon for coupling be- away from the center C, and to decrease twee plate and grid circuits for grid excitation move the clips towards the cen- ter C. The setting of the grid clips is not highly critical, each being about one turn from the center with the 5-turn 7000 kc. inductance. The adjustment otherwise is the same as for the conventional Hartley. (Continued on Page 82)

Page 15

this ough iring rcuit ubes, cir- pro- »tted isers sers The tical uld 2ach qual hich late the 3-A ibes his the Pen *ir- ny be ct- ‘id, uit ive all DECEMBER, 1928 five ships, a covey of planes, a per- sonnel of seventy and enough sup- plies of all human needs for a small city, is at the moment somewhere between here and the South Pole, on his way to es- tablish what may be an additional hurdle for aspirants to W.A.C. Club certificates. Since the expedition thus concerns us, and since their communication with the rest of the world during the next two or three years will be almost entirely through ama- teur radio, a few notes are in order on the very considerable radio equipment and per- sonnel which form an important part of the expedition. In the radio engineering and operating staff we find men already noted for the work they have done. As Chief, goes Mal- colm P. Hanson, of the Naval Research Cine s BYRD, with four or FRONT VIEW OF THE AIRPLANE TRANSMITTER Laboratory. With him are Howard F. Mason, formerly of the QST staff and more recently with the Wilkins-Detroit Arctic Expeditions; Lloyd Berkner of the Bustan; Lloyd Grenlie who was with the Byrd Arc- tic Expedition; and Carl Peterson, Nor- wegian commercial operator since 1917 with some flying experience. These are the men who will be behind the keys of the various ship, shore, airplane and portable trans- mitters of the expedition. Both high and intermediate frequency radio equipment is to be used. The two Radio On the Byrd Expedition OST 17 ships which are to remain in the Antarctic, the Eleanor Boling (WFAT) and the City of New York (WFBT) (the other ships merely carry supplies to the ice-base and will return immediately) carry two trans- mitters each, one high frequency and one intermediate frequency. The high-fre- quency sets were designed and built by the EMERGENCY POWER PLANT FOR THE AIR- PLANE TRANSMITTERS A single-cylinder #2-cycle gasoline engine direct coupled to the generator. For use in case of forced landing on the ice. The unit is supplied with legs so that it can be set over an alcohol stov- to keep the lubricating oil from congealing. radio staff of the expedition. The set on the Eleanor Boling (WFAT) employs two % kw. tubes in a conventional T.P.-T.G. circuit. The City of New York (WFBT) set uses two % kw. tubes in a modification of the so-called “Simpson” circuit for which A. M. Trogner, R. B. Meyer, L. C. Young, and M. P. Hanson are apparently jointly responsible. The high frequency airplane transmitters were built by Heintz and Kaufman and are so designed that a switch on the panel throws them from a predetermined high frequency to a predetermined intermediate frequency. The power supply for all planes is 250- to 300-cycle a.c. obtained from generators driven by the engines. Emergen- cy wind-driven generators are provided.

Page 16

rplane receivers are super-regener- Hanson designed them and super- heir construction, which was done National Electric Supply Company. tion, the planes will use as anten- let running from wing-tips to rear Pancehe — Fodustiw@ces 4 gytorewrers "on Ji won a! un ee 4.c ULL SERIES FEED CIRCUIT / WFBT TRANSMITTER nductances are arranged after the ce popular four-coil Meissner Cir- tubea are OF used. i then forward to the cabin. they will probably use wires, working against the e ship as counterpoise, although, liate frequencies, they will ex- th a doublet up to 300 feet long trail from wing-tips. The expedition are as follows: A ship, the Floyd Bennett, ker single motor ship, the VFF; a Fairchild, the Stars and fC; a General Aircraft Corpor- iotor monoplane, probably * WFE. ry-operated portable trans- y the Burgess Battery Com- arried by advance parties and lls WFD and WFE. station, WFA, a duplicate of be built at the main base of the hich is to be established on the probably near the Bay of ing - neral call for all units of the s of the expedition are licensed ies as follows: On intermedi- OST DECEMBER, 1928 ate frequencies, a calling frequency of 500 ke. and working frequencies of 375 and 425.5 ke., on high frequency, calling frequencies of 5,600, 11,200 and 16,800 ke., and working frequencies of 3290, 4405, 5650, 6580, 8810, 11,300, 13,187, 16,717 and 21,805 ke. It is probable that the 3290, 4405, 6580 and 8810 ke. frequencies only, will be used for all communication. QST will report, as regularly as possible, the radio communication work of the ex- pedition, and will probably be able to pub- lish information on frequencies being used by the various units. In the meantime, keep a watch for the calls mentioned above. With the exception of some made tempor- arily for the trip down, no schedules have been decided upon. The stations who will handle the traffic of the expedition will be those who not only put the best signals into the Antarctic but also prove them- soadiiens 27) ceeceereeees “*y emriinittitt BACK VIEW OF AIRPLANE TRANSMITTER WITH COVER OPEN Intermediate and high frequency inductances are in the lower part with tube. the top. tuning condensers, etc., at selves most dependable and business-like in the handling of the expedition’s important communications. The amateurs who do their part toward the success of Command- er Byrd’s undertaking will share credit with the members of the Expedition themselves and will add another fine accomplishment to the scroll of amateur achievements.

Page 17

500 25.5 cies king 810, t is 3810 all ble, ex- ub- sed me, ve, or- ive rill als m- DECEMBER, 1928 The Army-Amateur Transmitter W1WF, First Corps Area OST 19 By Lloyd T. Goldsmith* and A. Earl Cullum, Jr.** NEW transmitter has recently been placed in operation as the net control station of the Army Ama- teur Radio Net, First Corps Area. This transmitter was built for the signal Corps R.O.T.C. Unit at the Massa- chusetts Institute of Technology. This set was built at the Massachusetts Insti- tute of Technology under specifications prepared by the office of the Chief Signal Officer of the Army, only modified to such an extent as was necessary to include the very latest developments and refinements of the radio art. It comprises a W.E. 211-D fifty watt tube as a crystal oscillator, an- other as a frequency doubler, and a UV-204-A, 250-watt tube, as an amplifier. Using a crystal having a fundamental frequency of 1,910 kilocycles (157 meters) there results a frequency of 3820 kilocycles (78.5 meters). This channel is used for regular army-amateur communication. A second crystal with a fundamental of 2040 kilocycles (147 meters) may be plugged into the pair of General Radio jacks on the front panel allowing a frequency of 4080 kilocycles (73.5 meters) to be used for purely army business in the army wave band. Ruggedness and reliability together with flexibility and accessibility of parts have been kept in mind throughout the construction of the set. The transmitter is built in a 23% by 20% by 20-inch frame of 1” white wood which has been dried and treated. The three front panels are each 7” by 21”, the long edges of which have been bevelled. The crystal oscillator on the lower shelf uses an underloaded 50-watt tube rather than a tube such as a UX-210 because of the fact that the lower power tube is not available for army use. The oscillator plate coil is a type “L” REL inductance which is tuned by a 500-yufd. National receiving condenser shunted by a 250-yufd. Sangamo fixed receiving condenser in order that this tank circuit will tune to the crystal fre- quency. The grid of the tube is biased 45 volts negative. The radio frequency choke coils in all the plate and grid leads are thin honeycomb- wound coils of 500 turns of No. 36 enam- eled single cotton covered wire. The out- side diameter is slightly over 3”, the inside *Round Hille Short Wave Radio Research. **Technical Staff of WFAA (Dallas, Texas) Presi- dent of M.I.T. Radio Society. diameter is 14%”, and the thickness is %”. They are mounted between two 3” by %” bakelite strips which are secured to the socket terminals by small angles. The fundamental frequency of the chokes is THE TRANSMITTER PANEL One of the crystale is plugged in to the set while the other lies on the table in front of it. The meter mounted in the sloping manner on top is the antenna meter. well below that for which they are used, so there is no danger of their being tuned to a working frequency and absorbing power. The grid and plate fixed condensers are 2000-uufd. Dubiliers and the filament by- pass condensers are 2000-yufd. Sangamos. The REL coil in the plate circuit of the frequency doubler is mounted at right angles to the oscillator coil and is tuned with a National transmitting condenser of 230-uufd. capacity. The grid and plate con- densers are similar to those used in the crystal stage. The grid of the tube is biased 220 volts negative. The amplifier stage is mounted on the upper shelf with the 250-watt tube at the rear. The tube socket is mounted on Gen- eral Radio stand-off insulators to raise the tube from the shelf. The plate coil is tuned with a National transmitting con- denser of 230-uufd. capacity. The grid is biased 90 volts negative.

Page 18

20 quen end be sev under stage need is used need v stage been crowall been The plate antenr as sup] antenr capac The is a vé dament: age fe: plete system K. Clay A bin the back

1S€ no Ost the 250-watt tube is used as an and is working at the same fre- the preceding stage, it is neces- eutralize the tube to prevent it llating. This is accomplished by a 125-uufd. condenser from the minal of. the amplifier to the lower

Dove.ea C ame Cc 220 - RELAY 800+ 20- etal a % | : }

2 DECEMBER, 1928 which surround the high voltage posts have been provided to prevent an accidental con- tact with the high voltage. All the ter. minals are plainly marked on a celluloid strip directly above them. The tube filaments are supplied with a.c. from a 175-watt Thordarson filament-heat- ing transformer. The filament voltage of the 204-A is 11 volts while 0.3 ohm resistances in each leg of the filaments of the 211-D’s reduce the voltage to 9 volts as re- quired by them. High voltage for the transmitter is supplied at 800 and 1600 volts d.c. from a 2-kw. motor-generator. The amplifier is supplied with 1600 volts, the frequency doubler with 800 volts, while the voltage on the

plate of the oscillator is reduced to

Cy —— | Selec) See, Ro$ Fe, “<. ie xc Cre SS ree FS col fl Lo | af pn cy 3 me q) Gm 7 J LJ = a ae Pe | os | L, 7 os 3"

IGURE 1, CIRCUIT DIAGRAM s and C5—2000-uyfd., 5000-volt fixed condenser. National variable shunted by 250- fd. National transmitting variable condensers. fd. National transmitting variab!e condensers. volt variable condenser. C15, C16, C17—2000-ppfd. fixed condensers, —0.3 ohme. watt Tobe resistor. rs totaling 15,500 ohms and capable of passing 2% inch mean diameter. milliamperes. milliamperes. milliamperes. 5 wolte, a, c. amperes, radio frequency. ~type “L"” REL inductances. plate coil. This condenser can the photograph fastened to the f the upper shelf. Once the been neutralized, the condenser touched unless another tube proper placement of parts, no und for shielding the amplifier though the different parts have rated far enough to prevent ll the tank circuit leads have hort and direct. enna is loosely coupled to the ' the amplifier by sliding the | along glass rods which serve for both of the coils. The ndensers are each 450-yyfd. nna used with this transmitter half-wave antenna with a fun- 1000 kilocycles, which is volt- %4-wave feeders. (For com- mation on this type of antenna the article in March QST by J. nd H. A. Chinn.) ng post strip is mounted across the frame. Bakelite guard strips 350 volts by five fixed resistors totalling 15,500 ohms. The resistors are mounted on brass rods between bakelite strips and in the rear view of the transmitter can be seen mounted on the underside of the upper shelf near the front panel. Keying is accomplished by block- ing the grid of the frequency- doubler by the addition of 190 volts more than the normal 220. The keying is done with a relay which shorts this additional voltage through a 50,000-ohm Tobe resist- or. (See Fig. 1.) The necessary bias for all the tubes is supplied from small dry B batteries. On the front lower panel are the oscillator tuning dial, the crystal mounting jacks, and the frequency doubler or first amplifier tuning dial. On the center panel are the plate milliam- meters of the three tubes as well as a fila- ment voltmeter. The second amplifier tun- ing dial and the dials of the two antenna feeder condensers are on the upper panel. In order to keep the antenna leads short the antenna meter is mounted on a small panel above the front panel and inclined to it. Binding posts are provided for the feeder wires. The high voltage is brought to the plate milliammeters by high tension cable. The wiring in the radio-frequency circuits is done with No. 12 soft drawn copper wire and %” copper braid. The filament wiring is done with stranded rubber-covered wire and cabled wherever possible. Small bake- lite bushings are used where leads pass through the shelves. A sketch of the crystal holder is given in Fig. 2. Its essential points are its small size, the small separation between the crys- tal and the upper plate and the fact that one of the plates is smaller than the size of the crystal. The latter two points help

Page 19

have con- ter. loid eat- ent olts ach D’s re- ter Its or. —ns § OST Oa — ea DECEMBER, 1928 materially in making a stubborn erystal oscillate. The best ma- terial for the plates is nickel, as brass gets tarnished, but in the absence of nickel, nickel-plated brass does very well. The crystal holder is of the type that allows a small air gap between the crystal and the upper electrode. A piece of bakelite 1% inches square acts as the main support member of the unit and carries the two plugs through which contact is made to the plate. The upper electrode is of % inch thickness and is slightly smaller than the crystal itself. It is fastened to the piece of bakelite by means of two machine screws. The lower plate is of 1/16-inch brass and is also 1% _ inches square. A second piece of bake- lite (also 1% inches square) is used as a spacer to keep the two plates the proper distance apart. A hole that is slightly larger than the crystal is cut in the center. This piece of bakelite is filed down so that its thickness is equivalent to the thickness of the upper errervive THE REAR VIEW SHOWS THE MOUNTING OF THE 204-A ON SMALL STAND-OFF INSULATORS. Fastened to the under surface of the shelf holding the 204-A is the neutralizing condenser and the bank of resistors employed to reduce the voltage applied to the plate of the crystal oscillator, The r.f. choke mentioned in the article may be seen in front of the 211-D in the center of the lower sections. %-inch bakelite plate carrying | terminals and upper electrode, the spacer of bakelite and the lower 1/16-inch brass plate. The crystal is located between the upper and lower plates in the hollowed out portion of the spacer. There is an air gap of .004 inches between the crystal and upper plate. The brass plates are all nickel plated and the assembly is held together by means of four 6-32 nickel- plated machine screws, one in each corner. Contact is made between the General Radio plugs and the crystal plates by springs that are taken from automobile tire valve insides that are obtainable at any garage or auto supply store. As may be seen from the figure, one of the holes which is threaded to take the plug is drilled through to the hole through which the screw holding the upper plate a plate, plus the crystal, plus .004 inches. On stacking, we have the ae —_ passes. In other words, the hole A SIDE VIEW THAT MORE CLEARLY SHOWS THE is ill l w ARRANGEMENT OF THE EQUIPMENT a a a Steed oe ‘ne The keying relay and the resistor which shunts the extra bias GR plug. The spring is fitted in when the key is closed may be seen at the lower left. The bake- this hole and makes contact be- lite partitions which protect against accidental contact to the tween the screw holding the upper high voltage binding poste may aleo be seen with greater clarity. plate and the end of the plug.

Page 20

22 OST DECEMBER, 1928 he : spring makes contact between r s* r plug and the lower plate. A hole ° a underside of the bakelite + in the ° ° pe ° ° Me 27 Drill c D —— S = aa —. F Crysta/ FIGURE 2 NSTRUUCTION OF HOLDER bakelite 4 inch thick. The two pass the screws that hold the up- ate of brass. It is slightly smaller te of bakelite. The crystal fits wed out portion of it. It is filed kness is equivalent to the thick- plate, crystal and an air gap of extra hole in the lower left hand nodate the spring that makes con- hank of the plug and the lower te of 1/16 inch brass. The holes in snded to take the screws that are rasembly together, which in this f at-headnd nickel-plated machine e top of the mounting. This shows ich the hole that is tapped to take led into the one carrying the screw ‘ late. A small spring is inserted in thi ond makes contact between the plate and side view of the mounting and the ng contact between the other plug and late This, also, is by means of a epri le that exposes the shank of the plug ind tte to each other. The crystal is the space hollowed out of the Ps and - upper plate is slightly gma >rystat. slig/ than piece ng the plugs so that the shank of t ge is exposed. Another hole in the sj ge piece to match this, allows the spri1 inserted so as to make contact betwe e plug and lower plate. This forn inting is sturdy, convenient and keeps ystal free from dust and moist- ure. ,uthors wish to thank Mr. H. A. Chin e Round Hills Short Wave Re- the crystal mounting design and for iggestions in the design of the tran I avis S. sear Boyden, Radio Adviser to tl enal Officer, and in charge of Arm} iteur activities in this area, is very pleased with the performance of tl nsmitter and wishes to express his a ation of the valuable services rend members of the Massachusetts Instit: Technology Radio Club, in op- eratil tation. On Nov. 7th the Federal Radio Commis- sion, in response to numerous representa- tions of the A.R.R.L., revoked the amateur station licenses of the San Francisco Ex- aminer and the New York Times, calls respectively W6ARD and W2U0. Thus is corrected an old injustice which has been fully explained in past issues of QST. Although work is proceeding apace in the A.R.R.L. Technical Development Program, we regret that we have no article this month from the director of the program, Mr. Hull. The 28,000-ke. experiments at W1CCZ and other special work, to be announced soon, have conspired to make further writing impossible this month. The present activi- ty in the program is on keying methods, on which an article may be expected in our next issue, along with a report on the 28,000-ke. work. Station W 1SZ w: was entered Election Night and two UV-204-A tubes were removed from their sockets and stolen, besides minor equipment. The serial numbers on the plate supports of the tubes are 22492 and 22175. It would be appreciated it anyone knowing the whereabouts of these tubes would notify Headquarters. Paul S. Hendricks, late of the Stromberg- Carlson staff at Rochester and in charge of W1CCZ at Wianno, Cape Cod, for the own- er, Mr. E. C. Crossett, during summers, has now joined the QST staff as assistant to Mr. Hull in the Technical Development Pro- gram, succeeding P. O. Briggs, W1IBGF. A Timely Suggestion On page 94 of this issue, we’ve solved some of your Christmas problems for you. Take a _ look. And by-the-way, we'll accept last minute orders by tele- graph and, if you say so, rush the card by special delivery. WHERE THE FUN COMES IN DEC N infe cow! too goo imy sat -~ 4 see trie

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1928 nmis- enta- ateur Ex. calls us is been 1 the ram, onth lull. and oon, ting ivi- on our the rht red lor he nd ne es g- of l- Ss DECEMBER, 1928 N the opinion of the writer, the chief disadvantage militating against the popularity of the super-heterodyne is the difficulty of design for single tuning. The inference from this statement includes, of course, that trouble with harmonics that too often creeps in te spoil an otherwise good job. The difficulty next in importance is that of finding a satisfactory frequency-changer. If a separate oscillator is used it seems like too many tubes. If one tried to economize space and equip- ment by using one of the dozen or so single-tube arrangements it is generally to meet an obstacle in some all-important detail. The trouble may be only that of broad tuning, or it may be inefficiency, or again it may be that bugaboo of harmonics, and if none of these, then it is something else. If it is decided to operate the am- plifier at a frequency just below the broadcast band, at one stroke, multiplicity of tuning, harmonics and all are eliminated. But in so doing the super-heterodyne is not doing what it is supposed to do; amplifying at low frequency for efficiency and at low beat dif- ference for selectivity. Never- theless after years of persistence coupling if. this solution has seemed to the writer the only way out. Having decided, it remained then to find a_ satisfac- tory coupling and a one tube frequency- changer to go with it. For coupling the quest ended in the choice of a modified tuned impedance, this seeming not only the most stable, but also the most selective and efficient; and for frequency-changer one which, after several months of trial, ap- pears to be flawless. Using the frequency-changer and coup- ling referred to, two receivers have been built, in neither of which shielding was used, nor great spacing between apparatus allowed. One was a second harmonic, am- plifying at 60 ke. and using a three-gang variable condenser to reflex a stage of tuned r.f. on the first if. tube. The other, ampli- fying at about 500 kc. is a one-spot receiver that has obsoleted all its predecessors. The frequency-changer achieves the pur- pose desired by reason of the fact that the oscillating coil is coupled inductively in- stead of conductively to the grid, and is thus isolated from current-carrying por- tions of the grid circuit. Essentially, it *5951 8. Tripp Ave., Chicago, Ill. OST 28 An Improved Superheterodyne By J. M. Grigg* consists of a nominally free oscillating sys- tem, C.L:, Fig. 1, arranged to complete the coupling between the plate and grid cir- cuits. In operation, oscillation is sustained by the agency of the system C.L, in action as a relay in the transfer of energy from the plate circuit to the grid coil Ls. —— - - 7 7 . WHILE THIS SET LOOKS VERY MUCH LIKE THE TUNED R.F. RECEIVERS THAT WERE SO POPULAR AT ONE TIME, IT IS IN REALITY A SUPERHETERODYNE The three coile mounted at the familiar angle are part of the units of single control, two condenser unit takes care of all the tuning and may be seen at the left. the volume control stage intermediate frequency amplifier. A the The large knob at the right is on rheostat in the filament circuit of the last The coupling of C.L: to the plate cir- cuit may be direct, inductive, or capaci- tive, depending upon circumstances. If in- ductive, the coupling coil is interposed be- tween the plate coil and the grid coil, the windings of the latter two running in op- posite directions. Since direct induction between the plate and grid coils would cause an e.m.f. to be induced in the grid coil opposed in direction to the electromo- tive forces of both oscillating coil and loop, it is imperative that the mutual inductance between these two coils be small or neglig- ible, compared with the mutual inductance between either of these and the coupling coil. This condition is provided for by proper arrangement of parts, the most ob- vious manner being the division of the coupling coil into two parts in non-inductive relationship, the plate coil coupled to one, the grid coil to the other, such as is shown in Fig. 1. If a capacitive coupling is employed, as illustrated in Fig. 3, the latter need dis- appears automatically with the disappear- ance of one coil, L,. In this case the capacity C, of the amplifier also serves as coupling condenser in the frequency-changer.

Page 22

OST ) further advantages, it will be noted n Figure 1 the input C,L, in series with , a ¢ ] +7 li, has one end at filament poten- has likewise the oscillating system. ndition minimizes the static pick-up y, precluding body capacity, and in thr for whe the sider dent provement. makes practicable the use of gang with grounded rotors and pre- L4 I B+ THE DIAGRAM OF THE COMBINED /ETECTOR-OSCILLATOR ion is obtained by means of the high on the grid. The circuit L,C, deter- equency at which the tube is oscillating » plate and grid circuits together. stages on the same gang if de- Maximum plate voltage and nega- reduces grid damping to a mini- tween the two tuned circuits reaction that can be detected and the system, thoroughly effi- solutely consistent in operation. fied tuned impedance employed lifier couplings combines hither- ‘iate principles in a manner of The input impedance iking for efficiency, while in a explained, the circuit arrange- f provides the means of keeping at zero potential with respect to precluding oscillation. At the a further advance is made inso- ltage ratios greater than unity 1 consequence of the arrangement. e observed that the capacity re- vhich tunes the system to reson- > is split into two parts, C, and te tap being taken at the juncture. *t current is fed to the plate he choke r.f.c. ng the input voltage with the ed plate voltage it may be shown pling that . + pu 1 — 2 =) (1) 1+ rp Ze the tube impedance, and Z, is npedance of the coupling, con- resonance. From this it is evi- the so-called tuned impedance DECEMBER, 1928 coupling has no voltage step-up in itself. Besides ,since the input impedance is L Z= r+ , C- (very nearly), and in general extremely high, this coupling is both unstable and inefficient. However, if the capacity is split into two parts, Fig. 2, then L C; wien) ihe Cir C, + C: from which it may be shown by comparison that the input impedance is reduced in the wer C. + Ce Ce the frequency remaining the same. At the same time the potential across the coil, or secondary, is stepped up and may be caused to exceed the induced plate voltage. Ex- pression (1) becomes Ex 1 ’ C:+ C Ze vtensen (2) which is the step-up ratio of the coupling. The foregoing expression has no theor- etical maximum; that is to say, it increases indefinitely with an increase in the capa- city ratio. However, in design for high B+ RFC ' 2 nG2 : a ie ne re 1 ' i Ep ' : : ! | tc, > ' ! E., + E ! ' 7 i ! | r ' i ! ! ; i \ "? 1 ' : i i j FIGURE 2 THIS SHOWS THE COUPLING ARRANGEMENT USED IN THE INTER- MEDIATE FREQUENCY AMPLIFIER The circuit C,C,L is tuned to the intermediate Jrequency. frequencies there is another consideration which determines the relative proportions of capacities to be used. Traced in heavy lines in Fig. 2 is a cir- cuit which includes in series the grid-plate capacity of tubes 1 and 2 and the capacity Due to the potential across the termin- C2. DECE nals O to flo’ same rent 1 the p capac pack

Page 23

itself, emely > and into rison 1 the the , or ised Ex- 1g. r- eS rh DECEMBER, 1928 nals of C, there is a tendency for a current OST 25 band. Fixed condensers are used, where increased, and the potential of the | plate with respect to the grid is sensibly zero when C,=—C: Some- what similar results may be shown to obtain if, instead of dividing the capacity, the inductance had been arranged in two isolated parts. In practice the choice of equal values of C, and C, makes a rather close margin to build to. A slight deficiency in adjustment to frequency, or a certain un- avoidable degree of magnetic coupling may cause oscillation. It is better to make C; somewhat the larger of the two. The strip. In the receiver illustrated the frequency is about 500 kce.—just below the broadcast coils wound The small shelf at the left carries the bias batteries. transformer The small midget condensers are used to line up the two tuning circuits. to flow in this heavy line circuit. At the necessary, being adjusted to the inductance same time there is also a tendency for cur- by having segments sawed off. The in- rent to flow to the grid of Tube 1, due to ductances themselves are ordinary r.f. coils, the potential drop across the terminals of mounted so as not to couple. capacity C, Obviously, the resulting feed- As a matter of interest Z. is about 125,000 back potential impressed upon the grid of ohms, and the values of the ratio, Ex. ( ay A AA Output ————Q~- oo! > ors N 001 NI j Ww W if | E ac rs : = > “Too2 4 k | Chok | | Choke’ | - Choke) .. looz 3 w " w + rr j 00S 001s 3 005 F = * .0oS Jt q | -45} Volume [ a o . “-_ mt om... -7.5 + - +0 FIGURE $. THE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR THE FIRST DETECTOR-OSCILLATOR, TWO 1.F., SECOND DETECTOR AND ONE AUDIO IS GIVEN ABOVE Normal grid bias is applied to the i.f. tubes and some regenration obtained by means of the tickler coil in the second detector circuit. The first detector employs plate rectification and the second uses a grid leak and condenser. The filament voltage of the second i.f. tube is varied as a means of volume control Tube 1 will be the vector sum of the poten- (2) are approximately 3 in the first, 2 in tials across C, and C:. the second, and 3 again in the last coupling; If the resistance of the inductance was and finally a few turns of wire in the de- negligible the potentials across C: and C: tector plate circuit are coupled to the last would be exactly opposite in phase. It inductance to secure regenerative effect. may be demonstrated that in this | ‘ ' : case these opposite potentials | ] would be of equal magnitude when | C; equals C:, and the potential of | the juncture point is sensibly zero | with respect to the grid. From this | it follows that in general a feed- back to the grid will occur; posi- | tive when C: differs numerically from and exceeds C,, negative when C, differs from and exceeds C2. Briefly, to sum up, the results of dividing the capacity are as fol- lows: The input impedance is re- duced, the secondary voltage is A LOOK UNDERNEATH THE SUB-PANEL r.f. chokes. The audio may be seen in the center just below the terminal on the square ended forms are For tone quality, selectivity, sensitivity, and simplicity of tuning, the result is grati- fying. Comparison with a low frequency super of known performance indicates that it has a comparable stage-per-stage ampli- fication and sensitivity. And finally, it is single tuning, and as yet has not brought in a single station out of place.

Page 24

OST DECEMBER, 1928 Straight-Edge Solutions endeavor to speak and think in chart we calculate the inductance of a given es instead of meters we are con- coil. In calculating the inductance of a embarrassed because all our coil, it will be necessary to know three are based upon wavelength in me- things about it. These are: Its radius (% e result is that in calculating the diameter); length in inches, and the num- a given coil and condenser, for in- ber of turns of wire on it. Before you can lose as much time in converting _find the inductance, there is one other figure eneth value obtained to its corre- that must be known. This is the value of ‘requency, as is gained by the use “K” or the space factor. This is a correc- requiring only the ADT n of a straight-edge f lution of the equa- hart aring A 3 ». | charts appe hould seer of im- 1S0O—ar 150 3 sistance in this mat- soy 17 ter are indebted to Mr. i$ Alle 3. Taylor, W6DXH for 2000 200 13 the From the chart ap- 400 13 pe this page, it is 2500 250 12 y means of a rule - it othe raight edge to fin 10 1000 wha ies of inductance and —_ 3000 300 9 ay nee may be used to ob- 3500-4+- 350 tain n frequency range. 8 It i possible if the fre- 4000 400 ; quer range is not known - 200 asc v nat it will be wit 6 ag nductance and ca- 5000 -- 500 e pacit Tf the inductance 6 >= 00 and lency —- = & 6000-+- 600 S . knov e value of capaci- tal essary may be ob-SS S. a x 4 400 tain will, therefore, al- g 2 8000-+800 7 low 1 solution of your re) 100 Q 9000 900 ) pr f it concerns in-‘ RV 8 an is. are covered. In S Y 20000 y solv , n equation in which g 40 \ c thers wo known and one > Ww 25000 = unk actors, it is only 5 neceé to connect on the 30 j 100 chart ins of any straight 58608 soos 9 edge two known values. The vn will be found in 25 $ the scale. Only one 40000 i | rang ipacitance is shown 20 althou ere are two ranges 6 for nductance and fre- 50 000 que [These are labelled 15 5 at hag ‘B’ If the figures ©0000 under * are used in one scale under that letter 4 in t her should also be 10 ciated emp! From the other 1 A B. Taylor, Salt Springs 3 30 Camp, I d E. Co., Martell, Calif. tior sha upc

Page 25

1928 27 DECEMBER, 1928 OST ‘iven of a hree um- can rure 2 of rec- 00 0

tion factor that allows coils of different shapes to be fitted into a formula based upon a particular shaped coil. may be obtained from the curves in the Its value

lower right hand corner. instance, that the coil is 3 inches long and 1 inch in radius (2 inches in diameter).

Supposing, for If (Continued on Page 36)

— NOMOGRAPHIC CHART FOR SOLUTION OF INDUCTANCE EQUATION

ctr N 2X-S v N i B > SSE = GSS DjiQ Ey 3. > N 7S §8 .e) QLe® VY cs) C2 ONS oS sss oe o&ZsSv ‘ Q 1 “2 CE VS 4 Y8sgs > ~EZTNV uw uw i we of S 4k cox VALUES OF "K”

A] | Ne ae aK fy Ys NX S ™~ \ .. > NA ve om NY _ aN 05 7702 JO sniave

OUIT 49fSUCLL

< SAMMUBYOAIIy T= APIUOJINPU/ aS a a g ° — Lissleser tan Pra YYevevers ov Tarr eS eT | | . wae © T T T T t ae | < ongmare 4 + a) N = Y= SUdAN JOAIqQUNY + $-+-+#$### Hf

OUIT 49fSUOLL te © Ww xt ray N -O7 or 8© 4“ + — 8 9= (Ss2Yy2ul) 10D 4O yzbue7 : = v w 9s ~-woon Y= 407907 ad0YS my e+ ++ f+ ++ f+ t+ + tf} + + —_+—_+—_ w Oo wn o wm N N oO 4 = (sayou!) j109 fo sMpox UDaW

Page 26

be A n in a clar The and “wor

ng current flows. OST Remote Control Relay DECEMBER, 1928

By Gordon Fixman* HIS relay differs somewhat from the lays commonly used by the amateur that current flows through the vindings only when it is operated, ng necessary for the holding of It is simple in iction and can be made of the odds is that are usually found in the n junk box. ture’ in position. sini \it consists primarily of an arma- inder spring tension that may be | to a magnet through which the After the arma-

Ss ‘ -O- | ” 70 make i. Y circuit | ml /" B iveat 0 brea jt _& circuit i ° U bo6 the < the ar the 1

DIAGRAM OF THE RELAY ture A is pivoted at the point P and held e magnet by the epring S. The spring n a binding post or a regular screw ty be provided depending upon what is been drawn to the magnet, it is position by means of a latch To return the armature to its sition, a current is sent through magnet which releases the latch pring tension causes the armature back to the first position. of magnets are needed and may | from old bells. The armature er be pivoted or it may terminate piece of spring material that is an upright post. If it is pivoted, ment will be somewhat simpler. t arm C is bolted to the armature be of spring material so that ire can travel somewhat beyond t which the contacts make. In

Magnolia St., St. Louis, Mo. addition to the contact spring, a rod R is rigidly fastened to the end of the armature and in conjunction with the latch, holds the armature in position after it has been drawn to the magnet. In this particular case, the rod R was the original clapper on the bell from which the relay was made. The latching device consists of a piece of brass or other metal mounted on a pivot so that when the rod moves under it, it will drop and hold it in place. To release it, current is passed through the magnet which lifts the latch and allows the armature to spring away from the magnet. In order that the action of the latch is positive, it may be necessary to add a small weight to the end which holds the rod. If this is needed it may consist of a machine screw and nut with enough additional washers to make up the desired weight. A stop to prevent the latch from falling down to the base when the rod is not under it may be made by simply bending a piece of wire so that it will allow only a certain amount of movement of the latch. This wire may be fastened to the baseboard. Another method is to make the latch long enough so that even when the armature is as far from it as it ever gets, it will still rest upon the rod. This is probably the simpler method of the two. The contacts which open and close the circuit under control may be made of any suitable material and the cross section will aoe upon the current to be carried by them. The relay may be operated from an a.c. source because the magnet is energized for ‘.

THE LATCH WHICH HOLDS THE ARMATURE IN THE “MAKE” POSITION IS SHOWN IN MORE DETAIL IN THIS SKETCH such a short period of time and, what is of more importance, the pressure on the contacts does not depend upon the mag- netic field as is the case with the commoner types of relays.

. pe on a

Page 27

R is iture : the ‘awn . the bell iece ivot will > it, hich 2 to 1 is nall : If Line nal wn > it of ain his rd. ng is till she he ny ‘ill by or 1928 “Ss owe @& DECEMBER, 1928 OST Choke Coil Design By Herbert F. Wareing* There is a steady demand for information as to the design of special choke coils for filters and To design a choke that will maintain its inductance when In the following article the author gives a design theory and shows its application to the modulator reactor of a radio phone set, because this is the This method does not require the assumption of core size, or the adjustment for use as Heising modulation reactors carrying direct current is somewhat troublesome. most difficult case. of air gap by trial, is just a choke—a large number of turns of wire wound around an iron core. It is a mystery how some chokes function as well as they do. Some time ago the writer was requested to design a Heising modulation reactor for a 5,000-watt broadcasting plant and in view of the above did it with three ideas in mind: A—To design a good reactor for this particular station. |: the minds of many operators a choke B—To formulate and collect his own ideas of what a good choke should be and do. C—To pass his ideas along through QST. Many of the principles involved in that design are applicable to the design of any choke carrying a direct component of cur- rent and even to the transformer used in audio amplifying circuits. Some of the principles apply only to chokes or trans- formers carrying a wide band of frequencies superimposed on a direct current and since these points do not apply to the ordinary filter choke it would confuse the reader to attempt to discuss both the filter choke and the modulator choke at once. The discus- sion will therefore cover the most complete case; that of the modulator or Heising choke. THE DESIGN OBJECT Since a design method can be introduced more easily in connection with an example we will take the case of the modulator re- actor for a 5000-watt radiophone station which uses 5-kilowatt water-cooled tubes such as were made by the Kellogg Switch- board and Supply Company of Chicago. The normal voltage applied to these tubes is 10,000 and the current per tube is one am- pere, therefore the current through the choke which operates at the position L in Fig. 1 is to be 2 amperes. The peak voltages between windings and core under normal conditions will run to 25,000 volts. It was suggested above that the modulator choke is a more difficult case than the filter choke. This is true because the frequency range to be covered is far greater and the frequencies *WONY, W9FUZ, Instructor in radio, University of Wisconsin, Extension Div., Milwaukee, Wis. must be handled more nearly alike. This point deserves separate discussion. FREQUENCY RANGE Whereas the filter choke is concerned with a small band of frequencies even ordinary speech requires a much wider band. In tele- phone work the frequency range shown in Fig. 2 is considered excellent for practical telephone conversation. (Anderson, Clem- ent, DeCoutouly, I. R. E., Vol. 13, No. 4) This curve was made at the modulator reac- tor and does not show any distortion occur- ring in the oscillator and antenna circuits. The frequency characteristic required for OSC. MODULATOR ii TUBE TUBE dat >= —{a]0]]0]1]—e B- FIGURE 1 music is even more difficult. It seems to the writer that for very good transmission of music the frequency characteristic should be horizontal from 20 cycles per second to 10,000 c.p.s. The large organ pipes go down to 16 cycles, the bass drum has a very low fundamental, and the bass voice can go down quite low. Admitting that the low frequencies are felt as much or more than heard, why cheat the B.C.L. out of the feel- ing? It is part of the music. If a sound ia composed of a fundamental and harmonic overtones, the fundamental and lower har- monics may be omitted and still the pitch and quality will sound the same. The miss- ing frequencies are supplied by the ear, due to its non-linear characteristics. This is probably the reason that low frequencies are heard at all from most broadcasters on most receivers. It is true that 5,000 cycles is the upper limit of fundamental frequencies produced

Page 28

by r nstruments and it is also true that mar roadeasting stations deliberately at- tenu these high frequencies to cut down mic ne hissing and other unpleasant noi Many receiving sets do the same thing for the same reason, However, it is the hig! vertones that provide the brilliance and r” of music and the articulation of spi words. The frequencies present i ‘=o FREQUENCY FIGURE 2 when fricative consonants are spoken are very high; the characteristic frequency of the ter S is about 10,000 c.p.s. Many noise somposed of high frequencies en- tirely. The upper limit of hearing is be- tween 10,000 and 20,000 c.p.s. depending upon the person. For these reasons a desire for a 10,000-cycle upper limit to the straight part of the curve does not seem extravagant. Our “most difficult case” therefore calls for a choke with a flat characteristic from 20 c.p.s. 10,000 c.p.s. It ild be pointed out, however, that only a radiophone station wishing to trans- mit e) mely pleasing music needs so wide a ban The ear cannot detect changes in volume of s than 10 percent and therefore it is al t necessary that the characteris- tic be tly flat. In our example we are not ering engineering design, but scien esign. In other words we are looking for the best and not for the best at a spe price. THEORY It ji irse necessary to be clear as to the wo1 at the choke must do. Refer- ring t g. 1 the choke coil L is the part of the « nent to be designed in this paper. The | current for both the oscil- lator modulator flows through this choke The } ple of Heising modulation is as follov If the modulator grid is made less n e than normal, the modulator plate increases. The decrease in plate r ce of the modulator lowers the total pl ircuit resistance, which causes a larger rrent to flow through the choke from tl ate source. This change in cur- rent it a voltage in the choke,. which Ost DECEMBER, 1928 is opposed to that of the source, thus low- ering the voltage applied to both plates. When the oscillator plate voltage is low, the plate current is low also, therefore the oscillations in the antenna circuit are feeble. Most of the current is now flowing through the modulator plate circuit because of its lowered resistance. On the other side of the speech cycle the modulator grid is made more negative than normal, causing its plate current to de- crease. The increase in modulator plate resistance now causes the total plate cur- rent to decrease, thus generating a voltage in the choke which aids the source, and which therefore increases the voltage ap- plied to both plates. This increases the os- cillator plate current, and the strength of the oscillations in the antenna circuit. Most of the decrease in modulator plate current appears as an increase in oscillator plate current, since the inductance of the modula- tor reactor tends to keep the total plate current constant. In this way the signal frequency variations of modulator grid volt- age are changed to signal frequency varia- tions of antenna current. The variations of oscillator plate voltage affect the frequency at which the tube os- cillates. Therefore, it is preferable to gen- erate the radio frequency carrier in a tube with no modulation applied to it, and to modulate the power amplifier tube. In Fig. 3 is shown the equivalent circuit of the choke and its associated apparatus, with the choke considered as a source of alternating voltage. This is in line with Re FIGURE 3 GENERAL DESIGN the suggestion above that the effect of the choke may be considered as a source of momentary voltages added to or opposed to the normal plate voltage. The induced voltage, e, of the choke is e=L di/dt. We will for a moment consider the in- ductance L to be independent of frequency over the audio range. We desire the induced voltage e to be of the same amplitude at all frequencies, assuming the same modulator grid voltage. Then di/dt must be constant for all frequencies. With increase of fre- —

Page 29

low- ites, low, ble. ugh its the han de- ate ur- ge ind ap- OS- ost nt ite la- ite al It- a- re s- n- ye tO it of DECEMBER, 1928 quency, the current amplitude remaining the same, the rate of change of magnetic flux in the choke increases directly. We must therefore cause the current variations in the choke to decrease directly as the frequency increases. If the circuit contains only in- ductance this is done automatically because the reactance of the circuit varies directly with f. However we have the parallel re- sistances Rmp Rop and also the resistance of the choke in the circuit. The effect of these resistances can be seen in Fig. 4. It can be seen that the lower the circuit resistance the more nearly does the impedance vary as the frequency, also that with a given resistance this condition holds more nearly exactly as the reactance of the choke coil is increased. The use of small inductance and high resist- ance would discriminate against the lower frequencies which have already been seri- ously attenuated in the input amplifier. From the foregoing we may conclude that the choke should be designed to have a min- imum effective resistance which includes the xatf xat§ ’ ! ' ! ! \y i eS | wn | ! ! i ! 1 ! FIGURE 4 direct current resistance, skim effect, hy- steresis and eddy current losses in copper and iron. An effective resistance increasing with frequency would not seem to be objec- tionable. Efficiency however demands a low power loss and low voltage drop in the choke. We may also conclude that the choke must have high inductance to minimize the dis- crimination against lower frequencies and the loss of modulator plate current varia- tions through the choke. MAGNETIC EFFECTS It was assumed above that the inductance L was a constant quantity. However, the magnetic skin effect was neglected and this effect causes an apparent change of perme- ability of the iron with frequency. The actual permeability has not changed but the cross section of iron affected by the magneto motive force decreases, the flux being confined to the skin of the iron at very high frequencies. The reason for this depends on the fact that the fluxes produced by the eddy currents oppose the main flux in the laminations. Alexanderson (Proc. A. I. E. E., Vol, XXX, pp. 2433) stated that the apparent perme- OST 31 ability of soft iron strips .003” thick de- creased to 10 percent of the normal at 200 kilocycles. If the magnetic skin effect de- creases the active area of the iron in the choke, the inductance will also decrease at high frequencies. This will cause the de- gree of modulation to be lower at the higher frequencies and so introduce distortion. We may conclude that the core must be so chosen that the skin effect will not come seriously into play below our upper limit of 10,000 cycles. The obvious way to do this is to use iron so thin that the penetration will still be 100 percent at 10,000 cycles. It seems necessary also to exercise care in assembling the laminations to see that they are well insulated from each other in order to minimize eddy current losses and magnet- ic skin effect. CAPACITY EFFECTS We shall next consider the condenser C‘ shown shunted across the inductance in Fig. 3. Whenever an inductance and capacitance are connected in parrallel reasonance occurs at some frequency and at this frequency the impedance of the combination is theoreti- cally infinite and practically very high. In our case at the resonant frequency all of the variations in modulator plate current would pass through the oscillator while at all other frequencies some of the variation would es- cape through the choke. The equivalent cir- cuit is shown as Fig. 5 in which Rm» is con- sidered as a source of alternating current. We desire all of this current to pass through Re», the oscillator plate circuit, without hav- ing any of it by-passed through the coil L or its distributed capacity Ca. This means a coil of high inductance and a condenser of small capacity. It is desirable to have the resonant frequency of the combination above the highest frequency to be transmitted, which is 10,000 cycles. Fig. 6 shows the current by-passed around the oscillator by Rmp KE £ eee —™. FIGURE 5 the coil-condenser combination at various frequencies. At low frequencies relatively large currents pass through the coil and at high frequencies relatively large currents pass through the condenser. It would appear that the effect of these shunted

Page 30

rea tion rent lows tance resist the iz volt l rat not | bend char used signe TI poner the | be peak 9» \ & thro1 the 1 3.3 an amper To by-pas we shall quency would be to currents to lag. uurce has poor SUMMARY ‘ conclude the reactor design shall nimum distributed capacity consist- dimensions, ind difficulty of construction. It low effective resistance, high and thin iron with laminations ated. reasonable cost, CALCULATIONS ictance of 60 henrys was chosen as suited to the requirements men- ve. The greatest alternating cur- flow through the reactor at the equency and at 20 cycles the reac- ; inductance is 7500 ohms. The in the circuit will not increase nee materially. es require a non-signalling plate 10,000 when delivering their it. If one hundred percent modu- FREQUENCY FIGURE 6 employed without distortion, uld generate an alternating 10,000/,/2=7000 effective at all with maximum swing of the i voltage. This would cause plate voltage to vary from 0 \ctually, 100% modulation can- d without distortion due to the plate voltage, plate current at low plate currents. How- haracteristics of the tube to be vailable, the choke will be de- the worst conditions. test alternating current com- he reactor current will flow at requency. This component will 00/7500=0.93 amperes. The f this current will be 0.93 nperes. The direct current hoke is to be 2 amperes and instantaneous current will be hile the minimum will be 0.7 the relative largeness of these urrents at the lower frequencies, alculate these currents for higher OST cause the rle of the low frequency currents fted ahead and the angle of the If the regulation a voltage variation may be pro- DECEMBER, 1928 frequencies. At 1000 cycles the reactance is 376,000 ohms and the current will be only 0.018 amperes while at our highest fre- quency of 10,000 cycles the reactance is 3,760,000 ohms and the current but 0.0018 amperes, or less than 2 milliamperes. In the choice of core material there are two important losses to be considered, the hystersis loss and eddy-current loss. Both affect the effective resistance of the choke which we wish to be as low as possible. The eddy currents that flow in the core also cause the magnetic skin effect. The shape of the saturation curve is of great impor- tance also. In addition to the above magnet- ic qualities anotheer point to be considered is the procurability of the material. The hysteresis loss is directly propor- tional to the frequency if the maximum flux density remains constant and to the 1.6 power of the maximum flux density if the frequency remains constant. In our case, as the frequency increases, the current and therefore the flux decreases. It would seem that the hysteresis loss would vary inverse- ly as the frequency which in turn means that the effective resistance would vary in- versely as to frequency which is opposite to the requirement derived at in the chapter on general design. For this reason we shall choose for our core a material having a low hysteresis loss. The eddy current loss is probably indepen- dent of frequency. However, we wish to keep it as low as possible for two reasons. The first reason is that of keeping down the effective resistance and the second is be- cause the magnetic skin effect is caused by the eddy currents. To minimize these cur- rents the material should have a high re- sistivity and should be in the form of thin laminations. The material that best fits the above specifications is 4% silicon steel of No. 29 U.S. Std. sheet gauge. It is 0.014 inches thick. Steinmetz gives the following for- mula for calculating the penetration of al- ternating flux: P=—=3570/,\/Auf, where 4 is the conductivity, u is the permeability, and f is the frequency. The resistivity of 4% silicon Follansbee steel sheets is given in the Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers as 51.15 microhoms /em which gives a conductivity of 19,550 mhos/cm. The maximum permeability is given as 3,400. Therefore, the penetration P=3570/,\/19.550 x 3,400 x 10,000 — 0.00438 em., or 0.0111” at 10,000 cycles. Our sheets are, then, thin enough. Perhaps the ideal material from the standpoint of eddy cur- rent losses and the accompanying skin effect would be the compressed powdered iron cores used in carrier current work. However, it was not known where this material could be obtained in the required quantity in short notice. onMn a2 =: w~ oe oe rt et OL Oe Oe St et OO” © 96 —_ on in ea anne at Oe ae

Page 31

e is nly fre- » is 018 are the oth »ke ‘he lso ipe or- et- ‘ed or- ux 1.6 he as nd m = ie DECEMBER, 1928 The insulation between the laminations is well taken care of by the oxide on the sheet. Painting is not considered necessary as it only decreases the space factor of the core. , We must now turn our attention to the general shape of the core. At the frequen- cies used, the major portion of the distri- buted capacity is between layers and from end turns to core. For this reason a coil that has a short axial length and a deep radial depth will have the minimum distri- buted capacity, other factors remaining the same. This is because each condenser (layer to layer) has a smaller capacity, and be- cause there are more of these smaller con- densers in series. Another factor affecting the distributed capacity is the distance be- tween the end turns and the core. The core brings the end turns of all layers and the inside layers electrically closer together, and therefore increases the capacity. For this reason a space will be left between the turns and the core, and between the inside layers and the core. This construction will require more iron and copper than if the choke were designed for the maximum space or weight economies, but is necessary to minimize the distributed capacity. The capacity between layers will vary inversely as the distances between the cop- per of the layers. Double cotton covered wire could be used for this purpose, but as the turn-to-turn capacity is unimportant at audio frequencies, enamel covered wire may be used to decrease the total size of the choke. An insulating paper will be placed between layers, for the triple purposes of decreasing the distributed capacity, increas- ing the insulation, and making it possible to wind a smoother coil. The size of the wire affects the distributed capacity, as well as the heating, the resist- ance, the cost, and the size of the choke. The larger the wire, the lower the resistance and heating, but the higher the distributed capacity, cost and size. A reasonable com- promise between these factors is to calculate the wire size from the allowable tempera- ture rise. Another feature of construction that will decrease the distributed capacity is to wind the coils in pies, these pies being spaced from each other. This will also allow of tapping different values of inductance into the circuit if such a thing should at any time be found desirable. If an even number of pies is used, it will allow connecting the two halves in parallel, thus adapting the choke for use with tubes operating at heavier cur- rents and lower voltages. Let us calculate the distributed capacity that is allowable to bring the resonant period of the choke to the highest frequency used. Resonance obtains when wL=1/wC, or resonant frequency f=—0.159/,/lc, where OST For f= L is in henries and C is in farads. 10,000 cycles then, C 0.159 /(\ /60« 10,000) or C 0.000042 microfarads or only 4.2 picofarads. A glance at the size of this figure will convince anyone of the necessity for the stress that has been placed-on this feature of the design, and the care that will be required to bring the resonant hump up near the high end of the useful frequency It must also be remembered that the range. 0 20 3 4 SO 6 1 16,000 12,000 8,000 — | 4000 — — os = | | | 0 ——— o | zs 8& @ § 6 7 INDUCTION CURVE OF FOLLANSBEE SHEETS FIGURE 7 blocking condenser, tube capacities, and the like, are also in parallel with the choke for audio frequencies. With the above points in mind it can be seen that a choke of the core type can be built to have less distributed capacity than one of the shell type. We shall now turn our attention to the flux induced by the current flowing through the coil. A saturation curve for the mater- ial decided on is shown as Figure 26 Sec. 4 of the Standard Handbook. This curve is reproduced roughly as Fig. 7. We wish to work over as straight a portion as possible of this characteristic for the same reason we wish to confine the operation of a tube to the linear portion of its characteristic. For this reason, and still working the iron as high as possible to keep down cost and size, a flux density of 80,000 lines per square inch maximum seems reasonable. The current corresponding to this flux density is the maximum instantaneous current, which was calculated above to be 3.3 amperes. On the linear portion of the magnetization curve of the iron with air gaps the flux is proportional to the current. Therefore the ratio of the maximum current to the mini- mum current is the same as the ratio of the maximum flux to the minimum flux. From this relation we find that the minimum flux will be 80,000x0.7/3.83=17,000 lines per square inch. This confines the operation,

Page 32

indu é rea tion rent lowé tan resi the volt rat lat the voltag frequ mot tne rf to 2U, not | bend char ever, used signe: T} pone I the ] be } peak \/2 throu the ma 3.3 an amper To si by-pa we shal | Ss 1] THRU_GONGENS noaniioaell requency. would be to cause the le of the low frequency currents fted ahead and the angle of the quency urce currents to lag. If the has poor regulation a voltage variation may be pro- SUMMARY conclude the reactor design shall mum distributed capacity consist- reasonable cost, dimensions, nd difficulty of construction. It low effective resistance, high and thin iron with laminations ted ALed, CALCULATIONS tance of 60 henrys was chosen as suited to the requirements men- ve. The greatest alternating cur- flow through the reactor at the juency and at 20 cycles the reac- inductance is 7500 ohms. The ) the circuit will not increase nee materially. require a non-signalling plate 10,000 when delivering their f one hundred percent modu- 5000 “10.000 — FREQUENCY FIGURE 6 be employed without distortion, hould generate an alternating 10,000/,/2=7000 effective at all with maximum swing of the rid voltage. This would cause plate voltage to vary from 0 Actually, 100% modulation can- | without distortion due to the plate voltage, plate current s at low plate currents. How- haracteristics of the tube to be lable, the choke will be de- worst conditions. test alternating current com- e reactor current will flow at This component will 00/7500=0.93 amperes. The f this current will be 0.93 The direct current choke is to be 2 amperes and instantaneous current will be le the minimum will be 0.7 mperes. while the relative largeness of these irrents at the lower frequencies, alculate these currents for higher OST DECEMBER, 1928 frequencies. At 1000 cycles the reactance is 376,000 ohms and the current will be only 0.018 amperes while at our highest fre- quency of 10,000 cycles the reactance is 3,760,000 ohms and the current but 0.0018 amperes, or less than 2 milliamperes. In the choice of core material there are two important losses to be considered, the hystersis loss and eddy-current loss. Both affect the effective resistance of the choke which we wish to be as low as possible. The eddy currents that flow in the core also cause the magnetic skin effect. The shape of the saturation curve is of great impor- tance also. In addition to the above magnet- ic qualities anotheer point to be considered is the procurability of the material. The hysteresis loss is directly propor- tional to the frequency if the maximum flux density remains constant and to the 1.6 power of the maximum flux density if the frequency remains constant. In our case, as the frequency increases, the current and therefore the flux decreases. It would seem that the hysteresis loss would vary inverse- ly as the frequency which in turn means that the effective resistance would vary in- versely as to frequency which is opposite to the requirement derived at in the chapter on general design. For this reason we shall choose for our core a material having a low hysteresis loss. The eddy current loss is probably indepen- dent of frequency. However, we wish to keep it as low as possible for two reasons. The first reason is that of keeping down the effective resistance and the second is be- cause the magnetic skin effect is caused by the eddy currents. To minimize these cur- rents the material should have a high re- sistivity and should be in the form of thin laminations. The material that best fits the above specifications is 4% silicon steel of No. 29 U.S. Std. sheet gauge. It is 0.014 inches thick. Steinmetz gives the following for- mula for calculating the penetration of al- ternating flux: P==3570/,\/Auf, where i is the conductivity, u is the permeability, and f is the frequency. The resistivity of 4% silicon Follansbee steel sheets is given in the Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers as 51.15 microhoms /cm which gives a conductivity of 19,550 mhos/cm. The maximum permeability is given as 3,400. Therefore, the penetration P=3570/,\/19.550 x 3,400 x 10,000 —0.00438 em., or 0.0111” at 10,000 cycles. Our sheets are, then, thin enough. Perhaps the ideal material from the standpoint of eddy cur- rent losses and the accompanying skin effect would be the compressed powdered iron cores used in carrier current work. However, it was not known where this material could be obtained in the required quantity in short notice. cf? 42a =, _— = ee - — 0 nat oben ~& 88 _3 4s FS ii ain anh a, ti, it a, Br

Page 33

e is nly is 918 are the oth ke ‘he lso pe or- at- ed 1X 6 he aS ad DECEMBER, 1928 The insulation between the laminations is well taken care of by the oxide on the sheet. Painting is not considered necessary as it only decreases the space factor of the core. We must now turn our attention to the general shape of the core. At the frequen- cies used, the major portion of the distri- buted capacity is between layers and from end turns to core. For this reason a coil that has a short axial length and a deep radial depth will have the minimum distri- buted capacity, other factors remaining the same. This is because each condenser (layer to layer) has a smaller capacity, and be- cause there are more of these smaller con- densers in series. Another factor affecting the distributed capacity is the distance be- tween the end turns and the core. The core brings the end turns of all layers and the inside layers electrically closer together, and therefore increases the capacity. For this reason a space will be left between the turns and the core, and between the inside layers and the core. This construction will require more iron and copper than if the choke were designed for the maximum space or weight economies, but is necessary to minimize the distributed capacity. The capacity between layers will vary inversely as the distances between the cop- per of the layers. Double cotton covered wire could be used for this purpose, but as the turn-to-turn capacity is unimportant at audio frequencies, enamel covered wire may be used to decrease the total size of the choke. An insulating paper will be placed between layers, for the triple purposes of decreasing the distributed capacity, increas- ing the insulation, and making it possible to wind a smoother coil. The size of the wire affects the distributed capacity, as well as the heating, the resist- ance, the cost, and the size of the choke. The larger the wire, the lower the resistance and heating, but the higher the distributed capacity, cost and size. A reasonable com- promise between these factors is to calculate the wire size from the allowable tempera- ture rise. Another feature of construction that will decrease the distributed capacity is to wind the coils in pies, these pies being spaced from each other. This will also allow of tapping different values of inductance into the circuit if such a thing should at any time be found desirable. If an even number of pies is used, it will allow connecting the two halves in parallel, thus adapting the choke for use with tubes operating at heavier cur- rents and lower voltages. Let us calculate the distributed capacity that is allowable to bring the resonant period of the choke to the highest frequency used. Resonance obtains when wL=1/aC, or resonant frequency f=0.159/,/lc, where OST For f= L is in henries and C is in farads. 10,000 cycles then, C = 0.159 / (,/60x 10,000) or C = 0.000042 microfarads or only 4.2 picofarads. A glance at the size of this figure will convince anyone of the necessity for the stress that has been placed-on fhis feature of the design, and the care that will be required to bring the resonant hump up near the high end of the useful frequency range. It must also be remembered that the 10 20 30 40 SO 60 7 16,000 0 + re) i 2 3 + 5 6 7 INDUCTION CURVE OF FOLLANSBEE SHEETS FIGURE 7 blocking condenser, tube capacities, and the like, are also in parallel with the choke for audio frequencies. With the above points in mind it can be seen that a choke of the core type can be built to have less distributed capacity than one of the shell type. We shall now turn our attention to the flux induced by the current flowing through the coil. A saturation curve for the mater- ial decided on is shown as Figure 26 Sec. 4 of the Standard Handbook. This curve Is reproduced roughly as Fig. 7. We wish to work over as straight a portion as possible of this characteristic for the same reason we wish to confine the operation of a tube to the linear portion of its characteristic. For this reason, and still working the iron as high as possible to keep down cost and size, a flux density of 80,000 lines per square inch maximum seems reasonable. The current corresponding to this flux density is the maximum instantaneous current, which was calculated above to be 3.3 amperes. On the linear portion of the magnetization curve of the iron with air gaps the flux is proportional to the current. Therefore the ratio of the maximum current to the mini- mum current is the same as the ratio of the maximum flux to the minimum flux. From this relation we find that the minimum flux will be 80,000x0.7/3.3=17,000 lines per square inch. This confines the operation,

Page 34

dov tor f cause take assur thous the 1 in the num! Ther equal | Ost lowest frequency where the cur- ng is large, to the fairly straight f the curve. ixes the normal or non-signalling flux to the average of the above two which is 50,000 lines per square inch by the d.c. component of choke cur- lucing no e.m.f. rure 8 is shown a sketch of the core. section of the core is square and es on a side. The window area is inches. ndamental equation for e.m.f. in the mer is E=4.44fT@10~ volts, where effective value of a sinusoidal volt- s the frequency, T is the number of eries and @ is the peak value of the ng flux. The peak flux density was ed above to be 30,000 at a frequency yeles. We shall denote this flux by B;. tal flux is equal to the flux density e cross sectional area of the iron. factor of the iron is, as usual, to be 0.9, the other 0.1 of the cross eing taken up by the insulating Therefore @ in our case is 0.9B,a’. ltage equation now becomes E= 1B,a’10* which reduces to E = iO“. If we now multiply both sides juation by the current I, we obtain B,a*10™. In this equation there are wn quantities, Tanda. We must e of these unknowns to solve the eliminate T as follows: A safe the current density U in the wire 1,000 amperes per square inch. | be a certain ratio between the ac- r area in the window and the win- Te = + a y FIGURE 8 This ratio is called the space fac- window, and is denoted by K. Be- the large part of the window area by insulation in our case, we shall s space factor K to be 0.25, al- may be as small as 0.12. Then ict Kbh gives us the area of copper vindow, which when multiplied by nt density U gives us the total f ampere turns IT. ‘ore we can substitute for IT its hU. This changes the equation to DECEMBER, 1928 P=4fB,a*KbhU10~. The power, P, is the product of the alternating effective voltage and the direct current through the choke. We now have three unknowns in the equa- tion, but these three quantities are all di- mensions of the core and can be expressed in terms of each other. Our equation now becomes a*bh= (P10*)/ (4B,KUf). We must now decide on the relation be- tween a, band H. From our remarks above concerning distributed capacity, we conclude that reasonable dimensions will be h=a, and b=2a. Therefore our equation finally be- comes 2a‘=—10°P/4B:KUf. Solving this equation, 2a*‘=—(7,000x2x 100,000,000) /(4x 30,000 x 0.25 x 1,000 x 20) =2,333, or a=5.84”’. We shall use 6 inches for a, 6 inches for h, and 12 inches for b. The original voltage equation when solved for T becomes T=10°E/4.44fq. Solving this equation, the number of turns necessary on the choke is T= (7,000 10,000,000)/ (4.44x 20x 30,000 x 0.936) =—8,630 turns. This number of turns will be distributed between two legs, so the number of turns per leg will be 4,300. Two pies will be used on each leg, so the number of turns per pie will be 2,160. The next step is to calculate the size of wire to be used. The direct current through the choke is to be 2 amperes, and the current density assumed above was 1,000 amperes per square inch. The cross sectional area of the wire will then be 0.002 square inches, or 2,546 circular mils. The nearest commercial size to this is No. 16 B. &S., which has an area of 2,583 C.M. This is well, because the heating varies as the square of the current, and therefore the current producing the heating when signalling is greater than 2 amps. The next thing we wish to know is the thickness of the insulating tubes and flanges required. Bakelite was chosen for the sheet material, because of its easy procurability. The Stnd. Handbook gives the dielectric strength of this material as 600 volts per mil. As we wish to insulate this choke for 26,- 000-volt peaks during normal operation, the thickness required will be 25,000/600— 0.05.” With a factor of safety of 5, %” material will be required. This thickness is also necessary for mechanical strength. It must also be kept in mind that very high voltages are induced in a choke of this type when tube failures occur, and the insula- tion should be designed accordingly, The core of the usual type of choke saturates at currents slightly above normal (often be- low), and therefore high voltages cannot be produced. Much ingenuity may be used in the in- sulation design, as square and round in- sulating tubes of the required sizes are rarely manufactured. Therefore this fea- ture will be left to the individual builder. In addition to the insulation, air spaces (Continued on Page 74) "Re rhoro’e io L— ~

Page 35

} the tage 10ke, qua- l di- 'ssed now

DECEMBER, 1928 OST

Debunking Crystal Control By J. Herbert Hollister* ITH the big jam which becomes ef- fective January 1st almost upon us, it seems timely to point out one big fact concerning crystal control which has been sadly neglected. To wit: Its utter simplicity. When piezo-electric oscil- lators were first brought to our attention, the whole thing seemed woefully complex. Crystal articles with their multi-tube cir- cuits almost seemed to invite one to try something else. But the desirability of that beautiful flute-like ping, which comes only from the quartz plate, would not down and now we find that the thing is not so very difficult after all. Today, with two 210’s and two crystals, the writer is enjoying all of the thrill of many long chats and some good foreign thousandths of an inch by the factor in order to arrive at the approximate wave length in meters. With the micrometer, measure the thick- ness of the blank at each corner and in the center and mark the thickness directly on the crystal with a pencil. Then dump a bit of the coarse abrasive on a piece of glass and mix a few drops of water with it, spreading the gunk around with a finger. From here on, it is simply a matter of bearing down on the blank and rubbing it around on the glass, checking with the micrometer until approximately the desired uniform thickness has been reached. Next comes the fine abrasive and another piece of glass with more frequent applica-

*? contacts with none of the grief which seems to go hand in fist with high power, Until recently it has been some- thing of a problem to acquire the <4 necessary bit of vibrating rock. Prices have been high for finished crystals and good blanks have been scarce. Then, too, there has been that mental hazard, the =

re] eel

3 ? Neon Tube = RFC. RFC KH H i. RFC ah 6 Zepp =] T - ~ x» keying | T Brodleyahmn any

feeling that to successfully grind a plate and get it to oscillate somewhere near where one wanted it to, was almost a bit of black magic. But now, excellent 3500-kc. plates may be obtained for a reasonable sum, and for those who prefer to “roll their own” there are plenty of tested and guaranteed blanks available, the completion of which is neither complicated nor difficult. GRINDING THE CRYSTAL The one absolute necessity for the grind- ing job is a micrometer caliper with which to gauge the thickness, and most of us can usually borrow such tools in a pinch. A few scraps of almost any kind of glass, some No. 120 carborundum or alundum grain for the rough grinding, and some FF or FFF ditto for the smoothing-up job completes the lay- out. The blank you buy should have one side finished when you get it, and a statement as to the axis on which it was cut, or better, a notation of its thickness factor. The writer has found that plates cut on various axes run from 2.6 meters to 3.9 meters per thous- andth of an inch in thickness. Then, given this factor to start with, it is only necessary to multiply the thickness of the plate in

*W9DRD, Lake Forest Club, Edwardsville, Kansas. THE WIRING DIAGRAM Both the crystal and amplifier tubes are 210s, the amplifier seing operated as a frequency doubler. ply is obtained from a Thordarson No. 2098 transformer. By means of plug-in orystals and plate inductances, operation may be had on either the 3500- or 7000-kc. band. The neon tube con- nected to the amplifier plate tank circuit indicates when reson- ance is obtained. in the antenna feed line, the transmitter running constantly. Plate and filament sup- In this particular case, it is possible to key tions of the micrometer, until your plate oscillates at the desired frequency. Maximum output may not be ob- tained if the variation in thickness exceeds .0002” in the 3500-kc. region and .0001” in thinner plates. The writer has found cases where the output was ma- terially boosted by grinding the middle of the plate about .0001” thinner than the edges. This is best done in grinding by applying pressure in the center with the eraser on the wrong end of a pencil. The edges may be cleaned up and slightly beveled on a carborundum stone or an oil stone of most any kind. PLUG-IN CRYSTAL MOUNTING The need for a small, inexpensive dust- proof crystal holder of the plug-in type had been felt here for a long time before the idea finally occurred to the writer that such a gadget might be assembed from ordinary work shop scraps. First a piece of 4%” bakelite was squared up to 1%” on a side, and then a 1” square

Page 36

of that with a coping saw, nd ith a hole in the center large commodate a crystal slightly quare. Then a piece of 1/16” out and squared up to just square of bakelite, and fastened ‘our 3-48 machine screws, thus bottom plate of the holder. of the bakelite rim two holes ‘ apart and tapped to receive Radio plugs. One of these off so that it did not extend akelite, and was connected to late of the holder by means of tenus) leaving a 4” rim spring brass. ug was allowed to extend » bakelite, so that a narrow shim stock could be soldered to the center of the top plate, er contact. The top plate is ’ the type used in the manu- brass tags, but any light metal as well. It rests on the crys- weight. a 14” square piece of 1/16 te which was used only because ” bought a sheet of the stuff <= CRYSTAL MOUNTING n the lower plate which is of brass on the crystal and is connected ra of a piece of shim brass. The f bakelite as ia the spacer to which tre fastened. In thia particular ews were used to hold the two te spacer. They are located at the ew goes half way through the night be somewhat stronger to the bakelite pieces and thread » but four screws for the job. ld find a use for it before. Of f thin sheeting may be used nly a dust cover. ' importance is the preparation surfaces of the two electrodes. e used was first smoothed down oth held flat on a piece of plate und with powdered pumice . plate glass lap, in the same tals are ground. The pumice and ride around with the rundum. If doubt exists as * the surface, a bit of Prus- plate glass will show up the brass. Ost DECEMBER, 1928

By using one of these mountings for each crystal in general use here, with the fre- quency engraved on the cover, the writer has been able to dispense with all of the fuss and bother of washing the crystals and Brass shim

connector Bakelite \ y = SS Crystal / Brass THE COMPLETED CRYSTAL MOUNTING IS SHOWN ABOVE It is resting on the lower brass plate which is the proper position for operation. The small piece of shim brass making contact between the brass plate and the GR plug may be seen. The other contact is made internally. has reduced the breakage hazard to a minimum. Much confusion has been caused by the r. f. ammeter in the crystal tank circuit. The output of the crystal is a matter of wattage, and the current in the tank is of course dependent upon the r. f. resistance present; our old friend, the L-C ratio again. The accompanying sketch depicts the writer’s pet layout in its present stage of development and the proof of its effective simplicity lies in the fact that it worked beautifully the first time the key was pressed. Since that time a perfectly good Armstrong rig with its 852 has just been in the way. +e Straight-Edge Solutions (Continued from page 27) we follow the horizontal line for 1-inch radi- us until it meets the vertical line for 3 inches in length, we find that they meet just about half way between the 0.7 and 0.8 diagonal lines. This means that the shape factor will be 0.75. The next step is to connect together with a straight edge, those scales that have like Roman numerals at their top in the order in which they are numbered. Thus we start by connecting the scales for the length of the coil and its number of turns because these are labelled I. The point at which the rule crosses the transfer line under the numeral I is indicated by a dot and the rule run between that point and the radius scale labelled II. We mark its position on the transfer line, II, projecting from this to the space factor scale, III, finding our answer on the inductance scale, III. Thus, know- ing three facts about the coil and perform- ing four simple operations, it is possible to calculate the inductance of it. —H. P, W.

ff a oe. a a ee ee ee oe

Page 37

re- ter he nd he it. of of ce ne of ye od AS »d n

DECEMBER, 1928 OST Kegererative Coupling Devices in Audio Amplifiers By J. K. Clapp* OR purposes where highly selective amplifiers are desired, the arrange- ment herewith described is of consider- able interest. This particular circuit is an extension of the familiar amplifier shown tn Figure 1. With the tuned circuit LC of Fig. 2A is associated the vacuum tube 3 and the tickler coil L1, by means of which the effective resistance of the tuned circuit LC may be greatly reduced at and near the resonant frequency of the circuit. The use of such a regenerative network in connection with the suppression of a single frequency in audio frequency measurements has been described by J. A. Stratton.’ Here the inverse application is made to build up a high amplification at a single frequency. The amplification here considered is given by the ratio of Vz to V:, that is, the ratio of ! 2

FiG.1 the voltage appearing between the grid and filament of tube 2 to the voltage impressed between grid and filament of tube 1. CONCEPT OF OPERATION OF AMPLIFIER In discussing the circuit arrangement, it is convenient to think of tube 3 as an es- sential element of the impedance network which is associated with the plate circuit of tube 1, as shown schematically in Fig. 2B. For such an amplifier, the amplification is given by:

mn em eee CtCttCj:‘(‘(“é(*?Y Tp 1+ — Z»p Where: 4=amplification of tube 1. r,)=its dynamic internal plate circuit impedance. Z,»=impedance of plate circuit load. *Formerly instructor in the Communication Labora- tory of the Mass. Institute of Technology, Now with the General Radio Company of Cambridge, Mass.

This amplification is many times con- sidered as a function of the load Z, as plotted in Fig. 3. Consideration of Equation 1 shows that if Z, is much greater than

eee 4 | | | { | | | | |

— < —e

i

ee FIG. 2A r», k approaches p as a limit. In such cases, no consideration is given to the possibility of giving to Z, the characteristics of a nega- tive resistance. If the quantity r, over Z, be given values lying between 0 and -1., it is seen that k may become very large. To consider this in detail it is convenient to rearrange Equation 1 as follows: k Yp oo —+1 —+ | mn Zp which is seen to be the equation of a hyper- bola, with its center at (-1,0), when k over u and r, over Z, are taken as variables. 1 2

N 0

FIG.28 This function is shown in Fig. 4. This graph is of considerable interest since it indicates that the amplification goes through no dis- continuity or abrupt change as the plate load is given extremely large positive or negative values.

1. “Complete Suppression of a Single Frequency by Means of Resonant Circuits and Regeneration,” J. A. Stratton, J. O. S. A. and R. S. L, Vol. 18, No 1, July 1926, pp 95-105.

Page 38

The neept of a negative resistance as equi nt to the effect of regeneration is Jo K= when FIG. 3 well iblished, though sometimes ques- tioned.” The idea here certainly seems straightforward and yields a ready inter- pretation of the performance of the circuit. Consider now the tuned circuit LC in which the resistances of the elements are indica as in Fig. 5., with the effect of the regenerating tube at the resonant frequency repre ed by the negative resistance -R. By varying the coupling between L, and L. the v of -R may be varied through a wide range. If -R is sufficiently large, the impedance between A and B is a negative resistance at resonance, the value of rp over Z, being a small negative quantity. The effective amplification under these con- dition essentially equal to the amplifica- tion f r uw of the tube 1, If now the ~ nen | 7 ta Kz +1] =1 : pNte iW ! —_—a -1! , tl ° Tp \ 10 %.20 when eal ry, - ‘! Zp = zp* _ ‘| 1} H FIG. 4 negative resistance -R is increased, the im- pedance between A and B, Fig. 6.. decreases in magnitude, remaining negative in sign and a nsequence of Equation 2, the am- plification k increases. As further increases in -R are made, k continues to increase, approaching infinity as r, over Z, ap- proaches -1.0. ies from the regenerator, Tube 3, the impedance AB is constituted as shown in Fig. 6. The resistance of the series cir- cuit LC, includes the equivalent effect of the positive resistance rp, shunted between its terminals, as represented by r,’. As long as the network is to remain stable (the regenerator not producing self-sustained H. Armstrong, Proc. I. R. E., 3, p. 215, 2, See I 1915. Ballantine, Radio Telephony for Amateurs, p. 208. Miller, B. S. Sci. Papers No. 351. . OST DECEMBER, 1928 oscillations) the sum of the effective resis- tance taken around the LC loop must be positive. Thus it is seen that when the coupling network (circuit LC and Tube 3) is treated as an impedance placed in series with the plate circuit of Tube 1, the impedance of LC is a negative resistance at resonance. When viewed from the regenerator, Tube 3, this circuit has at all times a net positive re- sistance. That this viewpoint has a physi- cal significance is readily demonstrated experimentally by removing the first tube 1 _A | 2 | | = | | Tp | L © | i? i; £ | L ube 2 Rel -R | | | m ; fy FIG. 5 from shunting LC, which is equivalent to short circuiting r,’ of Fig. 6. For a value of -R which is stable when r,’ is in the circuit, the regenerator will maintain self- generated oscillations when r,’ is removed. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS—SINGLE FREQUENCY At frequencies of the order of 1,000 cycles per second, using an inductance of approxi- mately 0.10 henry for L and a tube of »=8 for Tube 1, it has been possible to obtain amplifications of the order of 160 or k over A FIG 6 u=20. Amplifications of the order of 80 to 100 are readily obtained with no insta- bility. The curves of Fig. 7 are plotted

Page 39

is- si- —~ma Yt DECEMBER, 1928 from experimental data and strikingly in- dicate the tremendous increase in amplifica- tion obtained at resonance as well as the extreme selectivity of the arrangement. AMPLIFICATION OF SEVERAL INDIVIDUAL FREQUENCIES An amplifier of this type may be easily arranged to respond to two or more fre- quencies while using but one regenerator tube as shown in Fig. 8., yield.ng a response/frequency characteristic as shown in Fig. 9. If the tuned circuits are made F10 } Moderate - 4 Regeneration s a K 5 r No “ r y Regeneration 0 “w“ow?ounsd ps 229 885 FIG 7 to have the same effective impedance, by adjustment of the mutual inductances M: and M:, the peaks of the response curve will occur at the same value of amplification. If the impedances are not of the same mag- nitude, the response curve will take the form shown by the dotted lines. BAND-PASS AMPLIFIER By bringing two or more peaks of the same amplitude close together by adjust- ment of the values of L and C in the tuned circuits, a band-pass amplifier may be ar- ranged. When high values of k over p are employed, the width of the band is very narrow, but for moderate values of k over 4 an appreciable gain in the width of the band of frequencies, over which fairly high amplification is obtained, is possible. APPLICATIONS In the heterodyne reception of radio tele- graph signals, from constant frequency 1 ' 3 2 f, FIG. & transmitters, such amplifiers provide a high degree of selectivity based upon the selec- OST 39 tion of a desired audio frequency beat tone. Further, the peak amplifications per stage, obtainable by this method, exceed those obtained in transformer coupled, audio fre- quency amplifiers of commercial design. “SIX A single stage of this type working into a suitable power amplifier tube provides a means of practically eliminating harmonic frequencies from a low power source, as used for bridge measurements. In various control problems, selection of a desired operation, on the basis of fre- quency selection via modulated radio waves, or via the audio frequencies as transmitted over wires, is readily obtained. If the tube following the amplifier is made to operate a relay, this relay will operate only when the resonant frequency of the amplifier is impressed upon the amplifier. Several such relays may be operated by a relatively nar- row band of control frequencies. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author is indebted to Professor E. L. Bowles for suggestions and construc- SIz tive criticism of this work and to Messrs. Houghton, Whittaker, Hall and Krantz, for experimental data obtained during their course of study tn the Communication Laboratory.

Page 40

cernit grap! artic! le OST DECEMBER, 1928 Relieving The Glass Arm By Charles A Hill* be said in justification of this that during several years of ex- e in radio operating the writer n and read many treatises con- proper manipulation of the tele- , but he has yet to find a single licated to the victims of tele- aralysis, known in radio parlance grat | as glass arm. It is for the benefit of these unfortunate individuals that this paper is prese! It must be understood from the first, ever, that the suggestions set forth her not offered as a “cure” for this cond but rather as a system of pro- cedure which, if diligently practiced, will in all p ility relieve it to degree depend- ent upon the particular case. Let us begin by differentiating between telegr ers’ paralysis, in its true sense, and 1 anent fatigue; the latter being the result of years of labor at the key and the const wear and tear on the arm musc Gl rm, as we shall designate this condi n future reference to it, is a con- ditior which the muscles of the forearm becor nse and the wrist stiff and almost uncor able whenever the sufferer at- tem] use an ordinary telegraph key. In all instances the cause of glass arm 1 e traced to the improper use of the ke some period in the individual’s oper r experience. The method known as “n ending,” so often attempted be- caus speed and resemblance to the style ding characteristic of semi-auto- mati is responsible for many cases of glas Nerve sending, as the term im- plies, pendent, to a great degree, upon the tightening of the muscles of the f n order to make a series of dots, whicl necessary in the formation of certair iracters. The results of such a meth ending are at first very gratify- ing; it is persistently employed, the operat very likely to find himself with a stiff , the wrist motion of which he cann trol Ons bear in mind that when using the telegraph key, each character of ar ination should be made with a definit n of the wrist; the wrist gain- ing ulse from the muscles of the foreat That is why the forearm should touch table at only one point and the wrist d so as not to touch the table at all. B being the best position from an opera int of view, it is at the same time t natural and comfortable. *WEBRO, 986 S. Fedora St. Los Angeles, Calif. In order to give the proper time value to each of the characters as well as the proper spacing between them, it is essential that the muscles of the forearm and wrist be absolutely relaxed. An excellent test for this is to try sending a series of twenty-five dots without slurring and with equal inter- vals between them. Inability to execute this test exercise smoothly is an indica- tion that something is wrong with the method of handling the key, thus preventing the proper relaxation of the arm muscles. The old maxim which says that good work is impossible with inferior tools is just as true in this case as in any other. The best sending arm in the world would be handi- capped by using a key. with poorly fitted bearings and pitted contact points. The best results can be obtained by using a key with bearings that may be tightened to the point where there is no side play and at the same time permit a free vertical movement of the key arm. The other part of the practice set is, of course, the source of sound. Any device that may be controlled by the key and that emits a smooth note is suitable. A high-frequency buzzer is recom- mended, the preference being due to its great economy of operation. With this ap- paratus connected to an adequate source of current supply, we are ready to begin “working over” the glass arm. The best adjustments of the key with which to begin are those which allow the key knob to travel through an arc of about one eighth of an inch, at the same time maintaining a fairly stiff spring tension. These recommendations are not inflexible, however, and may be varied to suit individ- ual requirements. These two adjustments are very important factors in overcoming the tendency to send a series of dots by tightening the muscles of the forearm, the disadvantages of which were emphasized in a previous paragraph. It is well to begin each period of key practice with the sending of several series of dots, twenty-five dots in a series, care- fully executed so as to be evenly spaced; keeping in mind that the arm must be re- lazed and not permitted to become strained in any part. It may be found that frequent rest periods are necessary at first in order to maintain this relaxed condition, and com- plete relaxation at all times is of the utmost importance. After sending the series of dots several times, the operator will find himself becoming familiar with the “feel” of correct sending procedure. Each dot and (Continued on Page 72)

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to er at be or ve T- te a- he ig Ss. aS st i- »d 1e 4 1e 1e it 1e »f is l- 's S f i ee ee ee | od | -_ DECEMBER, 1928 OST 41 A Frequency Meter Combined with Your Receiver By Eugene C. Woodruff* AY, fellows, when you rebuild your re- ceivers for 1929 just what improve- ments are you aiming at? Of course it’s fine to better the design and work- manship, yet if that’s all you do, just how will that improve your operating? Why not add something to the receiver that will increase your operating control to an un- dreamed of extent. And that without inter- fering in ary way with your present pref- erences for receiver construction, or with any other changes you may wish to under- take. In order of importance the list of desirable improvements might run thus: 1. More delicate and stable means of con- trolling regeneration, and there- fore increased audibility. suitable “A” battery in the left hand jack. This cuts out the inside “A” battery. Even when using 199 tubes it may be advisable to plug in a larger outside “A” battery to save the built-in battery for strictly portable use. The front and ends of the aluminum case are in one piece. The back and bottom are readily detached giving easy access to all items. The pin jacks in the left end are for an- tenna and ground. The antenna coupling is easily varied by swinging the coil in the Fahnestock clips, shown in photo of the in- terior. When the tickler coil, by-pass condenser, 2. Similar control of beat note pitch, and therefore increased se- lectivity. 3. More convenient means of measuring frequencies, and there- fore increased ease and certainty in schedule work. The item that will give all these advantages is simply a frequency meter built into the receiver as- sembly, and capacitively coupled to the plate of the detector tube. This will not interfere in the slightest with any other items you may wish to adopt, such as screen- grid tubes, etcetera. The accom- panying photos and diagram show the receiver as used at WS8CMP. The coil-condens-r com- bination at the right is the fre- quency meter. The rest of the outfit is a conventional detector, 2-stage receiver but with certain individual features. A milliammeter in the plate cir- cuit of the detector tube serves to show when the frequency meter THE COMPLETE SET The left hand dial is the tuning control of the receiver and the one to the right operates the frequency meter. The milliam- meter is in the plate circuit of the detector tube and indicates resonance between the detector and frequency meter. Regen- eration is controlled by means of the filament rheostat located just below the meter. The phones go in the right hand jack and the other mounted on the aluminum panel is for the external and receiver are in resonance, and “A” battery. The filament switch is below it. also the extent to which the fre- quency meter is controlling regeneration. If it is not convenient to install such a meter, the frequency meter, coupling condenser may be adjusted so resonance will be indi- cated by a click in the phones, and the re- generation control by the change in beat note pitch. The set is wholly self-contained and shielded, when using 199 tubes. The spac- ings are adequate in the design and 201-A tubes may be used instead by plugging in a ~*WSCMP, Director, Atlantic Division, A. R. R. L. and plate battery have been properly chosen the main control of regeneration is by vary- ing the detector filament temperature. The Bradleystat shown is in the detector filament circuit only. Of course one may use any other regeneration control as preferred, but a strongly recommends filament con- trol. The photos show the condenser coupling the detector plate to the frequency meter as the capacity between a length of No. 14 rubber-covered wire leading from the plate

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and h ing Thi for w The The le rec yener Se uscd of the may yether detect reaonan indicat rust rn results small may definite capaci OST ed around a short similar wire lead- frequency meter stator plates. urse, makes a fixed capacity best ertain band of frequencies. How- the frequency meter is adjusted. capacity is not too large the calibration of the frequency meter is independent of any changes in the receiver, tubes, coils, batter- W SHOWS THE GENERAL DISTRIBUTION OF BATTERIES AND VARIOUS PIECES OF EQUIPMENT the third tube may be seen just behind the audio e. In the left hand corner just in front of the fre- r coil may be seen the two pieces of rubber-covered ymprise the coupling condenser to the frequency meter. es of wire are bound together with a piece of string DECEMBER, 1928 If said ies, or what not. You know very well that if you attempt to cali- brate your receiver directly, any one of these items will spoil the results, even when changed a very little. “Seotch coils” are used, of course, in both receiver and fre- quency meter. The photo happens to show the frequency meter using a receiver coil with two windings, the tickler coil, how- ever, not being connected to any- thing. When using the frequency meter to control regeneration and beat note, if the coupling conden- ser is small enough the full range of the frequency meter dial may carry the note through its usual range of variations. This makes the control very stable and non- critical. This assumes, of course, that the coils are so selected that resonance occurs somewhere in the frequency meter dial range. Close to resonance the change in beat note pitch, and in regenera- = give an} elative positions do not shift. unite 7, may be compensated for, when frequencies, by suitable adjust- e filament temperature. A very ogling, To Amp » rr e* roms Bt FIGURE 1 r may be your present one although it led that you give filament control of re- trial. Any antenna coupling system may frequency meter is coupled to the plate tube through a small capacity which between two pieces of wire bound to- milliammeter in the plate circuit of the tes when the frequency meter is in th the detector and will give a visible en the coupling is so loose and the ad- econance made so slowly that no click phones. a> ble capacity is better. Then one ise said capacity so as to get a k at resonance, or decrease the the smallest amount that will change in the milliammeter when ‘ The antenna coup- on a pair of Fahnestock clips may be seen at tion, is at its fastest. However, one has full control over this by varying the coupling condenser. When resonance is reached the milliam- meter reads maximum. The frequency meter then indicates the frequency of the oscillating detector, which, obviously, may be used to find the frequency of incoming signals, or to set the receiver for a sched- uled frequency, or simply as an oscillator for calibration purposes. Resonance is also shown, when the receiver is set at zero-beat with an incoming wave, by zero-beat occurring again as the frequency meter is adjusted. This is the most accurate way of setting to resonance. For laboratory pur- poses this may be done by using any auxiliary oscillator. Of course, any receiver and frequency meter may be coupled in this manner with- out any special constructions or arrange- ments, and you can try out the control before formal construction. It is very probable, though, that if you give this scheme a trial you will find you can’t get along without it. WSCMP will be glad to hear from anyone; criticisms, or requests for further information about this assembly. Better yet, if you ever find it possible to visit State College, put in some time pounding brass and using this receiver at W8sCMP.

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Lid of ny r- ry li- errr le ie i oe re ee. a. DECEMBER, 1928 OST 43 Some Suggestions for the Monitor By George Grammer’ been recommending the use of a moni- tor to all who want to know what kind of signals they are really putting on the air. Since the merits of monitoring are becoming generally recognized, a description of the system as used with various modi- fications at the writer’s station for the past five years may be of interest, A telephone switch is a convenience but not absolutely necessary, as a double-pole, F OR the past several months QST has double-throw, plus a_ single-pole, single- _—_——_——"—"———do ° To Output Ta output of Receiver ot Mortor a * owe App 2woo & To Amol ber FIG. 1 throw switch will produce the same results. The switching arrangement is that illus- trated in Fig. 1. Switching the telephone from the receiver to the monitor has been suggested before, but the S.P.S.T. switch and resistor introduce an additional element of usefulness. This switch is only closed when the telephones are connected to the receiver. The resistance is approximately that of the tele- & phones, and is used in order to avoid a change in plate voltage and the frequency generated by the monitor tube which might occur if the monitor output was merely short-circuited. The advantage of this arrange- ment is that the oscillations of the monitor may be picked up in the receiver, and if the monitor is tuned exactly to the transmitted fre- quency, the exact position of the latter will be shown on the receiver dials. The monitor may be cali- brated, and the transmitter fre- quency determined much more accurately than by an ordinary frequency meter. Another feature which has proved of value is that the transmitter may be tuned exactly to another station or to any point on the receiver dial by setting the receiver, getting zero beat in the mon- itor, and then tuning the transmitter to the monitor. The transmitted frequency may be set to within a few cycles of that frequency desired, by careful manipulation. Likewise, *W3AIH, 36 Central Ave., Audubon, N. J. = a request for a frequency reading may be answered very quickly by adjusting the monitor to zero beat with the received signal, and can be given much more ac- curately than by the frequency meter click method. The circuit which has proved most satis- factory at the writer’s station is shown in Fig. 2. The monitor is built into the same cabinet as the receiver. A two-stage audio amplifier is used, the first stage being con- nected permanently to the receiver and the last stage switched from receiver to monitor. The monitor is built for 3,500 ke. and the condenser and coil used are adjusted so that they just cover this band. The monitor is calibrated by the familiar method of using broadcast station harmonics, and is checked frequently to keep it accurate. The receiver uses plug-in coils wound on tube bases. For 7,000-ke. operation, the second harmonic of the monitor is used and for 14,000 kc., the fourth. Only one calibration of the monitor is necessary for all bands, multiplying the fundamental by 2 for 7,000 ke., 4 for 14,000 ke. et cetera. A shield of copper screening completely covers the inside of the cabinet. The use of harmonics in the monitor avoids the necessity for complete shielding of bat- teries. FIG. 2 Separate “B” batteries are almost a neces- sity and a 22-% volt unit is used for the monitor. As can be seen from Fig. 2 in ordi- nary operation, with the double-pole switch to the left and the single-pole switch open, the receiver will be in operation and the plate circuit of the monitor is open, thus con- serving “B” current and avoiding the possi- bility of undesired interference in the re- ceiver from the monitor. (Continued on Page 78)

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lung duty dets The tage out out amm mill plify to they avail A tube our to ti we vtl

work Dur know! istics wher all tha " *Hatry & Young, 126 Ann St., Hartford, Cona. OST DECEMBER, 1928

Now—the Vacuum Tube Ammeter By L. W. Hatry* mmeter that is good to measure ew microamperes as well as many peres ought to be a_ useful dad. Fortunately, that hard patient and versatile little three- audion can be persuaded to such some experiments with audion using low plate voltages, some concerning the static character- the tubes to be used was needed. icular need was for the grid vol- te current curve, the familiar pulled ne, and more particularly to find the bottom knee of the curve plate current is very low. Yet, was had in the way of low current was a 3 milliampere one and a 10 one. The problem was to am- microamperes in the tube circuit ured into milliamperes so that be measured with the meters be seen in Figure 1, our vacuum ter is but another application of iend the vacuum-tube voltmeter, useful instrument. Vtl1 is the ibe, the characteristics of which measured and vt2 is the tube to ered as the vacuum-tube ammeter. meter consists of R, vt2, MA, P1, ury batteries and a high resistance which is connected to the two elled V. Guess voltages will do f an ordinary voltmeter is applied battery and if it is fresh and p under the potentiometer load. edure is simple enough. The “B” he ammeter tube should be about tube can be a 201-A preferably, ny similar or more powerful tube less powerful if the milliam- ensitive enough. It is first nec- arn something about the bias the ammeter tube and their the plate current of vt2. By ear the knee of the Eg/Ip curve y small voltage on the grid can have a large plate current effect. e like the 112, which takes about the plate current of the 201-A, le plate current change will result 1 high negative bias on the grid negative bias is sometimes im- will become evident. ng been calibrated, we are ready vtl and get its curve. The way current in the plate circuit of easure the voltage drop across

R by finding its effect upon vt2. If R is 10,000 ohms, for instance, we may apply the usual formula in which the voltage drop. is equal to the product of the current through the resistance multiplied by the resistance; or symbolically, V.D.=IR V. D. will be in volts if I is in amperes and R in ohms, as usual. To pass a current of 10 microamperes through R which is 10,000 ohms will require a voltage drop across R of .1 volt. And .1 volt can be made to have a nicely indicable effect upon vt2 and the milliammeter if the potentiometer is adjusted to obtain a favorable bias. In other words, if we measure .1 volt drop across R according to the effect upon vt2 and we know that the resistance of R is 10,000 ohms, we will know that we have 10 microamperes in the plate circuit of vtl as our formula can be solved for the missing I. Of course, the voltage across R must be subtracted from the “B” battery voltage of vtl, which “B” supply must be variable since a current of 1 milliampere through a re-

== SS mn [sy

s

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p, mer | T A . THIS IS THE ARRANGEMENT USED MEASURE THE LOW PLATE CURRENT OF TUBE 1.

FIGURE 1 TO The voltage drop across R is measured by means of the second tube and the current through the re- sistance calculated from Ohm’s Law. In this circuit arrangement, the potential across R tends to run the grid of the measuring tube positive and unless a high negative bias may be obtained, is lkely to cause in- accuracies due to a flow of grid current. sistance of 10,000 ohms will be due to a drop of 10 volts. A potentiometer added to vtl’s “B” supply to add as high as 6 or 8 volts with control to the tenth of a volt would be useful or not, accord.ng to the accuracy in measurement desired. It is obvious that if a current of only 10 microamperes will result from as large a voltage drop as .1 volt through the resistor of 10,000 ohms that any grid current drawn by vt2 will be very dangerous to the ac- curacy of the results. It is, therefore,

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ly Op, nt he de We eee ee DECEMBER, 1928 extremely important that the grid of vt2 be highly negative. Especially is this true in Figure 1, the connections of which cause the drop across the resistance to impress VI, VT, FIGURE 2. IN THIS CASE, THE POTENTIAL ACROSS THE RESISTOR R TENDS TO MAKE THE GRID OF THE MEASURING TUBE MORE NEGATIVE AND OVERCOMES ANY TROUBLE DUE TO GRID CURRENT a positive voltage on the grid of vt2. The connections to vt2 may be reversed so that a negative bias is created by the drop in R as shown in Figure 2. Likewise it is obvious that in any circuit carrying current, a useful amount of R ean be placed so that measurement of the potential drop across R will tell the current in the circuit by means of a simple calcula- tion. Thus it is possible to measure cur- rents in microampere strength or in ampere strength. Of course, since it is necessary to have a resistance R, there will be cases when it is impossible to use the vt ammeter satisfactorily. But there are many cases where the vt ammeter, providing we can get hold of known resistors, will be very useful and especially is it true in the laboratory where always is the desired in- strument the very one not to hand. Where the current value in R is large and grid current in vt2 will not upset any- thing, some very useful stunts can be worked up by adjusting vt2 to the upper or positive knee of the curve and causing a relatively small negative bias to produce a relatively large change in plate current, large enough, for instance, to release re- lays, etcetera. The reverse can be worked and relay contacts closed, and so on. Whether you call this a vt ammeter or an application of the vt voltmeter doesn’t mat- ter a great deal: The thing has many uses just the same. Oh yes, by making the current in vtl large enough to fit the milliammeter on hand we can solve the formula for R and measure all sorts of resistances with fair accuracy and without a bridge, by getting the current through and the voltage drop across the resistor. Ost 45 The Midwest Division Convention gave us a very descriptive expres- sion. The Kansas Section conven- tion held at Topeka, on October 12th and 13th, under the auspices of the Kaw Valley Radio Club was a WOW. With a good attendance, good speakers and good food, it was enough to satisfy the most fastidious. We had a pleasant surprise in the attend- ance of Dr. E. C. Woodruff, of State Col- lege, Penn., the director of the Atlantic Di- vision and owner and operator of W8CMP. He had his famous wavemeter and receiver and gave us one of the best talks of the convention. Porter Quinby, our Director, brought over his tube base coils and showed us how easy it is to make a good traffic tun- er. Norvel Douglas, W9EHT, one of our best experimenters, told us all about tele- vision. Then came W9BHR, who gave us the dope on his new circuit—the one tube, MO-PA. A good talk was also given by W9CET on screen grid receivers. All in all, a lot of worth-while technical informa- tion was given during the two days. The owners of station WIBW, through Mr. Harrell, Chief Engineer, extended courtesies that will long be remembered by inviting the whole “gang” to dinner Friday night at the Hotel’ Jayhawk; and it was some “feed.” Our thanks for the fine hos- pitality. The Radio Division showed its coépera- tion by having Inspectors George Turner and Wm. McDonell present to give examina- tions. Some thirty-one sat down at the Federal Building for the ordeal and it is our understanding that practically all passed. Good work fellows! It is not so hard after all, if you don’t lose your nerve. The entertainment features were not for- gotten and 21 prizes were distributed to those who had won in the several contests that took place during the convention. The gang had been requested to bring any- thing in radio apparatus they wished to dis- pose of. You should have seen the bidding during the auction sale and a lot of good apparatus changed hands. Last and not least, came the Banquet, Saturday evening, with Director Quinby as the scorchmaster and a noble job he did— he burned up every one from WS8CMP to W9ICV. As the saying goes, a good time was had by ali and every one went home tired but happy with fond recollections and new friends made. —W9CV Was a: invented the word “WOW”

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1 OST Experimenters’ ‘fortunate thing that radio com- n is but a small branch of elec- engineering for this allows the experimenter to occasionally wan- (what may be to him) foreign The effect of such wanderings is always helpful because it stimu- st in other problems, encourages ity along lines that would not be pursued and broadens one’s engineering as a whole. Prob- do not directly concern the trans- nd reception of radio signals sh refore, not be scorned by the ex- but should, rather, be welcomed as f technical diversion. A ) METHOD OF RECORDING CLOCK WITHOUT A MECHANICAL CONTACTOR rimenter, D. F. Brocchi, 431 TI Place, Seattle, Wash., writes in a problem of taking off beat im- mm a clock to operate a ( h to be used in some non-radio w hich he is interested. The follow- ing account of the problem and his I ition of it. trical connection between the hronograph by a mechanical con- ta y to reduce the accuracy of the tir the clock, unless this is eq th a ‘free elasticity’ or ‘gravity’ es Unfortunately this class of af the expenditure of a small for nd in the case under considera- ler’s regulator with ‘dead beat’ es was the best that could be nal arrangement consisted of a yea mounted on the staff of the ( and with one tooth cut off. At evel eat it would raise the end of a SI reby breaking the chronograph circ at intermediate beats it would rele pring, allowing it to close the cir n. The missing tooth was for the pur} ndicating the beginning of each mit chronograph paper. “B arrangement the braking action on t pe wheel was reduced to half fv uld have been, had the circuit beer to open and close at each beat. Furt , the spring was made as weak as | with the pressure required for a sat contact. “Tn f the foregoing precautions, wher ck was compared with radio time from U. S. naval stations after the in tion of the device, the time rate was f be impaired. “In r to eliminate the mechanical Section Report contact, the use of a photo-electric cell was considered, this system having been suc- cessfully used at the Bureau of Standards. Investigation disclosed this system to be more complicated, cumbersome, critical and expensive, than would be practical under the circumstances, and research was con- tinued in other directions with satisfactory results in the adoption of a microphone re- THE ABOVE PHOTO SHOWS A VIEW OF THE 28-MEGACYCLE TRANSMITTER IN OPERATION AT W8sCMP The tuning condenser ig movuted on the panel at the left and consists of eight plates, only one of which is variable. This allows the use of a high tank capacity as well as accurate adjustment to a given frequency. The bands holding the two panels together comprise the inductance of the cirouit and the tube-base coils mounted on the panel are r.f. chokes. A variable grid leak appears beneath them. The filament supply is connected directly to the socket in which the tube is mounted and the plate supply leads are connected to terminals at the bot- tom of panel on the right. lay circuit. This is illustrated in the sketch and is mostly self explanatory. “A single-button microphone is fastened to the frame of the clock and the jar of the clock beats (not their sound) operates the microphone which is stripped of mouthpiece — trimmings leaving only the button itself. “The variations in microphone current cause a voltage to be applied to the grid of the tube which is biased so as to operate on the lower bend of the grid voltage plate curve. Thus, positive impulses to the grid cause a larger change in plate current than do negative impulses and the plate current will increase when a signal is impressed upon the grid. This actuates the relay in the plate circuit and the by-pass condenser keeps most of the a.c. out of the relay cir- cuit which might be caused to chatter if it were to carry both the a.c. and the d.c. DECEMBER, 1928 _- ee ee el ee a faite we OG mn aman ah

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was suc- rds. be and der ‘on- ory re- DECEMBER, 1928 “So far, things are all right but when it is desired to obtain an indication on the chronogram of the beginning of each min- ute, trouble arises. The most successful solution arrived at so far, has been the use of a contact spring and gear wheel which has all but one tooth cut off. This tooth causes the plate circuit to be opened once each minute. “The apparatus has not yet been in opera- tion with the clock for which it is intended, owing to a temporary absence from the ob- servatory enforced by the necessity of mak- ing a living. It has been tried, however, on a pendulum clock (plate lead switch omitted) and found to function so satis- factorily that the relay spring had to be stretched to a tension of 2% ounces. “It must be admitted, after all, that this does not solve the problem entirely, failing, as it does, to provide non mechanical means for indicating the beginning of the minutes on the chronograph paper. “True, the amount of interference with the time rate produced by a single tooth would hardly be worth considering, very probably it would be less than that from CLOCK — 5 fornonos a changes of temperature, in spite of the lamp and thermostat inside the case. But on account of local conditions, the plate lead to the clock and back would have to be of considerable length which is undesirable. “Tt is hoped that some readers might be cleaver enough to dope out a scheme, whereby the once-per-minute interruption can be effected without altering the impulse to the pendulum at any time so that no error in the time rate will be caused.” TELEPHONE RINGER INTERFERENCE D. I. Gue, VE4FF, of Alliance, Alberta, Canada, has been troubled with interference from the telephone ringing machines at the local telephone exchange. He found that when he inserted his frequency meter in the circuit tuned between 8,500 and 10,000 ke. the interference was cleared up satisfactorily. He then made up a pair of coils to OST 47 resonate at about 9,700 ke. by winding 52 turns of No. 20 d.c.c. wire on a piece of paraffined broom handle %-inch in diam- eter. The ends of the winding are passed under binding screws and about a foot of wire is left over so that the two leads may be twisted together to form an adjustable condenser with which to make final tuning adjustments. The capacity between these leads can be varied sufficiently to allow the frequency to be varied from about 6,000 to 10,000 ke. A surprisingly small difference in the separation of the wires has a marked effect upon the frequency. When these coils were installed in the output leads of the ringer, the interference was reduced to about 15 percent of its original value and in this particular case there was no need for further reduction because the interference was then at about the constant noise level. Unless conditions were very clear, signals weaker than the interference would not be heard. It is realized that this is not a complete answer to the problem but is presented in hopes that it will suggest to those who are having trouble of this nature the thought of employing tuned trap circuits in the out- put leads of the ringer. The particular frequency at which the interference from this machine was peaked will probably not be a characteristic of all other machines and it may be necessary to build you chokes to resonate at a frequency differing widely from that mentioned above. AUDIO OSCILLATOR John L. Reinartz brings to our attention once more the use of the neon tube as an audio frequency oscillator. He writes as follows: “The small neon tube has many uses in the radio room due to its ability to glow _ Variable Grid an ale 435 to - 180 volts | Auadjo Transtormer Output FIG. 2 3 at very small current values and, next to the radio frequency type ammeter, its greatest use is in the frequency meter as an indicator, “Those of you who have a frequency meter using a noen tube as an indicator can now add the usefulness of that meter by

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note? whicl nect vary usual volt chang audio frequency oscillator * to many useful purposes. lenser is connected across a te time is required in which If a resistance is placed this capacity, the time re- increased, becoming longer value is increased. be is connected across the not glow until a certain ling upon the characteristics ilar tube) is exceeded. It will w until the voltage is re- ertain value which is usually w the igniting voltage. ltage is applied across the rure 2, a current will flow sistor (the primary of the ner may be considered as tance) and charge the con- the charge reaches a value ize across the condenser is reak down the resistance of condenser will discharge until its voltage drops lue which will maintain the tery cannot keep the tube a large current flows and if this were to be battery, a higher voltage ary in order that the voltage resistance would not reduce ss the tube below the ex- The result is that when the voltage across it drops reaches a value too low glow and it is extinguished. n, the current drain upon the and the charging portion repeated. *y at which this operation lepends upon four things. rence between the voltage at tube ignites and that at tinguished. acity across the neon tube. tance in the battery lead to ndenser. lied potential. * these is a characteristic of and is not usually under the experimenter. The capacity » may be quite small and the your frequency meter will ifficient. The resistance in the hould be of about three or and preferably variable. The applied should be that at on tube ignites when it is con- across the battery . This will the individual tube and will ewhere between 135 and 180 ‘e, the frequency is varied by her the resistance or the ca- Ost DECEMBER, 1928 pacity and if the neon tube and condenser in the frequency meter is being used, it will be simpler to use the condenser. The range over which the oscillator is varied may be conveniently controlled by the condenser and the relative position of this range in the frequency spectrum determined by varying the resistance. “The output of the oscillator is taken off across the secondary terminals of the audio transformer which may have any con- venient ratio. “The oscillator may be used as the source of alternating current for simple bridge measurements although the harmonic con- tent is rather high when a critical balance is desired. A simple bridge for the measure- ment of capacity is shown in Figure 3. When the two resistance arms of the bridge are equal, the two capacities will be equal at that adjustment giving no sound in the phones. The balance of the resistors may be checked by reversing the two condensers and rebalancing the bridge. If the reading of the variable condenser is the same regard- less of which arm of the bridge it is in, the two resistors are of the same value. “There are many other uses to which the oscillator may be put. They will not be given here inasmuch as the average experi- menter will adapt it to his own needs and conditions.” SAVING FILTER CONDENSERS A a tere made by Mr. Cahill of Cruft Laboratory concerning filter con- densers has been passed to us by Harris Fahnestock, Jr., W1ZI-W1BBO. The idea is to place a low resistance of two or three ohms in series with the filter i condenser in order to reduce the effects of dangerous transients that many times re- sult in condenser breakdown. The effect upon the efficiency of the filter should be slight unless the condensers are passing an undue amount of current. CIRCUIT DRAWINGS Many experimenters have an earnest de- sire to keep notes in an orderly fashion but have extreme difficulty with the circuit dia- grams. The skill to draw clear, well balanced neat drawings is not everybody’s and the clipping and pasting of diagrams taken from magazines, etc., unless very carefully done will result in a crude and variegated conglomeration of notes. A suggestion to 5meg . 5 meg. YO FIG. 8

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er ill be

DECEMBER, 1928

overcome this condition is offered by W. T. Clayton, Jr., of Magnolia, Miss. The general idea may be obtained from Figure 4. Light guide lines are ruled across the paper with pencil and serve to keep the drawing from staggering either up or down the sheet. The distance between lines A and B, for instance, should be equal to the trans- former and coil symbols as they are com- monly drawn. Other lines should be drawn across the page for the filament, plate and bias battery circuit busses. The use of guide lines alone will be of great assistance in most cases and for the man who is desirous of making drawings that are still neater, some additional sug- gestions may be adopted. In this case, the notebook paper should be somewhat trans- parent and the guide lines drawn as sug- gested above. In addition, a page of symbols is prepared and each symbol is accurately drawn in heavy ink lines so that they may be seen through the note book sheets. The drawing then consists of placing that symbol to be drawn, beneath the note book page and tracing it upon the note page. This will take much more time but will re- sult in a diagram in which all the parts are in proper proportion and, due to the guide lines, are evenly aligned. Some space should be left below the dia- gram so that the constants of the circuit may be indicated. This important factor is often overlooked and the results of ex- J y tse zl @ | | F | SET ty

ri

|

: Y

| e Ln —

periments made doubtful because at a later date one cannot remember whether the capacity of the condenser was 250 uufds. or 500 ywufds., ete. REFLECTORS At the present time many are considering the use of reflecting systems for transmis- sion in the 28- and 56- megacycle bands. A few points concerning the theory of reflec- tors which have been contributed by Harry A. Bremer, of the Hudson City Radio Club, Inc. of Jersey City, N. J., may not be amiss. This information was presented in a short paper read before that club. A vertical, half-wave antenna will radiate energy equally well in all directions and if a similar antenna is located parallel Ost

49

to it and a half wave length from it, it will absorb some of this energy and reradiate it. Because the second antenna is a half wave from the first antenna, its reradiation will be in such a phase relation that it will aid transmission in the direction of an arrow pointing from the reflector to the radiator. Such an arrangement will not concen- trate the radiation in a beam and if this type of transmission is desired it will be necessary to make a more complete reflect- ing system. If a number of reflectors ar- ranged in the form of a parabola with the radiator at its focal axis is employed, the radiation will take the form of a beam, its sharpness and concentration being de- pendent upon the completeness of the re- flecting system. Figure 5 shows the arrangement of a parabolic reflector of seven wires. The antenna is located at the focal axis of the system. A fundamental consideration of a parabolic reflector is that the distance from the antenna at the focal axis to a reflector wire plus the distance from that reflector to the aperture will be the same for all reflec- tors. This is shown by the dotted lines in the figure, The length of any of these paths will be equal to twice the distance between the antenna and the wire A. From this it is seen that the energy radiated by the antenna is reradiated by the reflectors in such a phase relation as to cause reinforcement of the wave in the direction indicated by the arrows. Radia- tion in other directions is cancelled out due to the difference in the phase relations of the reradiations from the reflectors. The sharpness of the beam may be in- creased by extending the parabola as is shown by the dashed line in the figure. This will reduce the amount of leakage radiation to the sides. The use of reflectors of this type is by no means new but is probably one of the oldest things in radio. In 1896 Marconi transmitted and received signals over a Ns a ' ae on ! hi om ioe = } Chatemay } \ FIG. & distance of 1% miles by means of a beam system employing high frequencies. Hertz proved in his experiments that short elec- trical waves obey the same laws of re- flection, refraction, defraction and propa. gation as do light waves.—H. P. W.

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DECEMBER, 1928 { m, 8 Mangarra Road, Canter- 27, Victoria, Australia mp wlmx wlqi w2aer w2aly w2ao A i w2ne w2ws w3az 3ckl 3lw 3xk ia { fix 4qb 4rp 4tk 4zzc w5aby w5aek wha whafx w5age wbage w5akx w5amo . v5ark w5asm w5awd w5ayh wéiayo x az whibeb w5bdh wibdx wibeb w5ihd wh 1 w5qj w5ql wird w6ael w6ajc w6am w6aos wank w6aci w6aqw wé6awa ' v6bpm w6bjf w6bws w6byz wébzw wécbw w6 . m w6ceq w6cha w6chy w6cj w6cjv wt w6cuh wé6cut w6cevj w6cxi w6czk wé6ezr m w6dew w6dhs wédie w6édit w6dkv w6doe w6dow w6drb wé6drr wé6dsi w6dvt w6dz2] w6eap w6ebm wé6ec 4 4 w6 w6eeb w6eeo w6efr w6fa w6ht wékj “ i w7aax wiabb wi7adj wT7aeq wi7ab w7 wiane widm wifh wT7iq wi7lm w7lz wir vise wTuo wiwe w8ab wS8ajv wS8ank ws bhi w&bp] w8cft w8dkw wS8do w8dpo . wSsx wSwo wS8zg¢ w9aeg w9afo 5 v9ams w9baz w9bea w9ben w9bir wot wobn w9bnf wSboa w9baqk w9ccu wIcde » wSeub wSesx wSevr w9ewh wIdfx w wOdrn wdy! w9eap wIedw wI9cpa wef u wSeur w9ewm w9fdj w9fgp w9fhy f w9mn w9pu w9pw wI9sk w2ha f vebaw na-7ann nq-2co nq-5by eb-4ft eb-4tq eb-4rs ef-8axq f-edb ef-8¢j ef-Im ef-8lx ef-8orm | ek-4daeq ek-4aka ek-4aui ek-4uah -Ino ei-lpo ei-lbp ep-lbv ep-Iicf eT p ag-rbl4 aj-2by aj-2cy aj-4zz aj-7 xix ac-lbs ac-2mo ac-3ma ac-7sw ac-s lan ac-wuq ai-2kw ai-2bj fo-a3y fo-a4 an fm-ocup fq-Shpx suz sa-de3 1 on-tae op-lem op-lew op-thr 4 ' a op-lIn p-9pd od-ljir oh-6akg oh-6avl oh-6bqh 6ekx oa-8xt. G. B South Road P. O., St. Marys, South Australia 30-40 meters wigh wabe w3qe w4cj wiacz wiib wd4ob w4ito w5aws w5aqe w5bj w6ael wéaoj w6a wv w6agr w6am w6aeo w6awp wéanu v6a ~Gbwk w6biu w6bf w6vv w6vs w6bsn wf w6ezr w6dhq w6dgt w6dbo w6édfq w6dr v6dtp w6dkx w6dkb w6dmg wé6dye w6dr v6ta w6rj w6zze wiaax wiacy w7ac w7 h wibm wimx wiwe wits witz wSdr wSsp wSedw w%9cys w9dr w9ln w9pb w9pn nn-Inie nn-7Tnic ac-2aa ac-2ab ac-2al ff ac-Scl ac-8fl ac-8rj ac-8tc ac-9aa ai-2kt k ai-4bk aj-4bq aj-4dk aj-4zz su-loa b fo kfdpe k6dud k6édng k6dve k6édki op-ler p-9pb eb-4au eb-4ft ef-8fce ef-8ct 20 meters 1x wigy wiry w2arb w2bfq w2bbe wipd w4rr w5afx w5agq w5aot wha . w5iql w6am w6aov w6azs w6bax wébf w6esj] w6cub w6dev w6dfv w6dfs w6dlv i w6rbe wi7acs wi7afo wi7ahx wS8adg wavt wScew wS8ced w8dod w&dtn w8diy gta avy wef w9ez wSdea wIdzn w9pu velco x fau_ef-8cp ef-8fr ef-8hip ef-80rm ef-8par | g2nh g5by g5hs gima gim!l gimq k6alm k6avl. oa-7CH, C. Harrison, Bellerive, Tasmania eb-4ac eb-d4dar eb-4au eb-4be eb-4fp eb-4ft eb-d4hp eb-4ro eb-4wx ec-aa2 ed-7fj ed-7fr ee-earl0 ee-ear65 ef-8eo ef-8xo ef-8ct ef-Sla ef-8fd ef-8zb ef-8bf ef-8hz ef-Slb ef-Sep ef-Sif ef-8fr ef-8c! ef-8fe ef-8ix ef-8aro ef-8axq ef-Sdmf ef-S8raf ef-8tht ef-8f2x ef-8hip ef-7ynb ef-80rm ef-8vvd ef-8grg ef-8pam ef-8pro ef-8btr ef-8est ef-8wb g2bm g2nh g2xv g2zc gbiw g5if giha g5yx g5by gimq g6yv gétd géwi g6ut g6mu g5vl ei-lay ei-lbs ei-Ich ei-ldy ei-lfp ei-lImg ei-lno ei-1lt ek-2ud ek-4yo ek-4vr ek-4yt ek-4uai el-laix em-smuv ep-lae ep-lag ep-lbx ep-3am es-lco es-2naa es-2nm ew-hb ac-lax ac-lcl ac-2ck ac-2ff ac-S8hb ac-8rj ac-8cl ac-9aa ae-2bk af-lb ag-464rk ai-2au ai-2bg¢ ai-2kt ai-2kw ai-2kx ai-2rxp ai-7vx aj-law aj-lgs aj-lsk aj-4zz aj-jkzb am-lab am-3ab aq-lhf aq-lkm aq-lmdz aq-bd2 fe-egez fm-S8st oc-8xz od-ljr od-2aj od-4as oo-laj oo-bam oo-dgk op-lbj op-lew op-lhr op-lme op-lpw k7aeb k7als k7jr k7ly ve2ca ve4fv vebaz vebbn vebco ve9bz nm-iIz k4sa naq-5by ns-lIfmh nn-lnic sc-2bm su-lez xep-lma xep-lmp xem-3fv xne-voq xnu-kv3 xnu-md. W. A. Bousfield, York St., Bellerive, Tasmania 20 meters wlaqd wibjd wibsu wlbyv wicjc w2api w2bac w2bev w2bve w2fk w3aqi w4aq w5aek w5aot w5at w5bat w5ibbe w5tt wiwz w6dhs w6qy wilafm wi7nr w8ced wSdtn w9adn w9axf w9bay w9ef w9emr w9ez w9fbw w9krd ca-jh eb-4rk ef-8¢db ef-80rm ef-S8ycc er-2bm e2cx r2od g2xv g2nh giby ge5bz2 gimq g5ms giwk g5yx g6bb g6by gé6hp g6oo géqb gé6vp géwy k6alz k6boe k6clj sc-lah. 40 meters wlifs w2cxl w3apn w3bav wife witk whadz wS5afx whork w5hi wimx w6adp w6avp w6ace w6asj wéard w6bev w6bvm w6bvx w6ceq wé6cpq wé6cuh wé6cyx w6dev w6dnm wédow wé6djc wédky w6fs wits wivx wben wSbsr w8cnu w8dcem w8ewm w8tn w9afb w9ben w9baqc w9cph w9cia w9cya w9gv w9Imn w90q wImn ac-2mo ac-9aa eb-4au eb-4bn eb-4ea eb-4fp eb-4ft eb-4rk ef-re eb-v8 ef-Saxq ef-Sest ef-8fd ef-8§c ef-8if ef-8ku ef-Sgdb ef-Sorm ef-8rtk ef-8san ef-8vvd ef-&wb ef-lm g2od ep-lae ep-lbl ep-3am ew-lhb fm-8dot fm-ain fq-8hpq nm-9a od-ljr od-4as k6akg k6qh k6ch k6djf k6dpg op-lad op-lcm op-lhm op-lhr op-lpw op-Ire op-Opb op-9pl. VH2CK, Gordon Weynton, 1 Harcourt Flats, Brierley St., Cremorne, Sydney, Australia wlabz wlbk wlbs wlbux wlbx wicnz wleq wifs wilme wlom wlixd w2afce w2apf w2bgo w2bpo w3emg w3fa w3ns w3pa w3wa w2wi w2wr w2ws w3ckj wSh! w4ne bafx wthj w6aie w6afs w6am wé6aov w6apd w6av!l wébkg wé6bp wé6baqh wécef wéchl wéclj w6cpo w6ctx w6cwo w6czr w6dcq w6dey w6dhs w6dkv w6dkx w6dqe w6dud w6édyj w6dzk w6ebn w6ec wiedp w6kq w6nb w6no w6yu wi7agb wiar wlaub w7bu wiiz wijh wimn witn wiwl w8bck wS8bda w8bck w8bk wSbsr w8cxw wSdgb w8dpo wSea w8xt w9abv w9am w9bb wScaf w9cos w9cub wIdbw w9bld w9ecz w8ede wef. Sydney A. Pegrume, % Barclay’s Bank, Nairobi, Kenya Colony, Africa wiby wiry wlfs wiemf wibux eb-4au eb-4rs ek-4au ef-8pro ef-8tsn ef-8es ef-8rm ef-8jf gihs g6qb wé6ut (Continued on Page 84) = aefnm a mn xt HO mm wis *& Fro of

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Lia hp r65 th: iro Pst yx ay ud ae hb Aa ZZ 12 aj >0 os ww © DECEMBER, 1928 —- — Conducted by A. L. Budlong NEW CONSTITUTION ADOPTED On October 30, 1928, by an official vote of the existing National Sections of the I. A. R. U., the Union adopted a new Consti- tution, and thereby entered a new era as a Union of representative national amateur societies in the various countries of the world. Individual membership is no longer possible; the Union members are now ama- teur organizations, one from each member country. The present membership of the Union under the new Constitution is made up of those National Sections in existence at the time of adoption of the new document. The Secretary begs to advise societies in other countries that he will now be pleased to re- ceive applications for membership into the Union from other representative amateur societies throughout the world. The new Constitution follows in full: Amended Constitution of the International Amateur Radio Union........ Adopted Oct. 30, 1928......... ARTICLE I—NAME AND OBJECTS 1. The name of this organization is The Interna- tional Amateur Radio Union, hereinafter called the Union. 2. Its objecte shall be the promotion and co-ordi- nation of two-way radio communication between the amateurs of the various countries of the world; the effecting of co-operative agreements between the na- tional amateur radio societies of the various countries of the world on matters of common welfare: the ad- vancement of the radio art; the representation of two-way amateur radio communication interests in international communication conferences; the en- couragement of international fraternalism; and the promotion of such additional activities as may be allied thereto. ARTICLE II—MEMBERSHIP 1. The membership of the Union shall consist of the national amateur radio societies which, on the date of the adoption of these provisions, are recog- nized as sections of the Union under its previous Constitution, and any additional national amateur radio societies which subsequently may be admitted to membership as provided below. 2. A national amateur radio society is defined as a non-commercial association of radio amateurs, de- voted substantially to the interests of two-way ama- teur communication and experimentation, the in- fluence and recognition of which substantially cover the country or separate colony in which it is located. There shall be but one member of the Union from each country or separate colony. 8. Any such national society desiring to become a member of the Union shall make application by letter to the Headquarters of the Union. The application shall be accompanied by a copy of the constitution of the applicant society and any other data which in the opinion of the applicant society would be useful to the Headquarters in establishing the eligibility of the applicant society and its desirability as a mem- ber. The Headquarters may conduct such further investigation as may be necessary to determine the eligibility of the applicant. The Headquarters shall thereupon list the application in the next succeeding Calendar published, together with sufficient data and comment to enable the members to vote intelligently upon the question of admission. The affirmative vote ot two-thirds of the members shall admit the appli- cant society to membership, whereupon the Head- quarters shall so inform it. 4. A member society may resign its membership in the Union upon ninety days’ notice in writing to the Headquarters. At the conclusion of that period, if it has no indebtedness to the Union the resigna- tion shall be accepted by the Headquarters, and an- nouncement to this effect made in the next Calendar. 5. There shall be no entrance charge or dues for membership. : 6. Member societies shall be bound to support to the full extent of their ability the interests of ama- teur radio communication, and failure to do so shall be grounds for the termination of membership in the Union. Upon the written request of three or more members that, for cause therein stated, a mem- ber of the Union be expelled. the Headquarters sha!l consider the matter and, if there appears to be sufficient reason, shall advise the accused society of the charges against it. The accused society shall then have the right to present a written defense, which shall be filed with the Headquarters within ninety days. The Headquarters shall then publish both the complaint and the defense in the next sub- sequent Calendar and submit the question to vote of the membership, and if in the opinion of two- thirds of the members of the Union a satisfactory proof of the undesirability of the accused society has been established, and it has not in the meantime ten- dered its resignation, it shall be dropped from mem- bership. ARTICLE III—HEADQUARTERS AND OFFICERS 1. The Headquarters of the Union, hereinafter called the Headquarters, shall be located at the head- quarters of a member society chosen for this post by vote of the membership. The service of a member society as the Headquarters shal] be without definite term and shall endure until the member so serving shall resign the appointment or shall be eucceeded by another member by action of the membership. The society so serving shall in any event continue to function as the Headquarters until its successor as such has been determined and has accepted the appointment. The member society chosen to act as the Headquarters shall, during such term, finance the norma! expenses of operating the Headquarters from its own funds; but it shall be under no obligation to expend its monies on behalf of the Union for other than the normal operating expenses of the llead- quarters as contemplated in this Constitution. (Continued on Page 64)

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52 Ost Correspondence The Publishers of QST assume no responsibility for statements made herein by correspondents. More About W2U0 9441 Alstyne Ave., Elmhurst, L. I., N. Y. like to say just a few words al New York Times station 2U0. La have been hearing a lot of talk al r doing commercial work with an ir license and working in _ the al r band. I have visited and also op- er O myself and have a fair idea of co I cannot see how they are using th ir bands commercially. Friends ar tives of men on expeditions with wl O has kept schedules have de- per that station for contact with th [here is no law or rule violated as far now if the Times uses a few news it ved through contact with these ex ete. Once a day a full press re- a “QST”. Several hundred p nt as v iving short-wave receivers on I reported that they copy this da ten on the forty-meter band at 1 a.l e for yourself. I have also h | remarks about 2UO not work- There is a good reason for that. TI rs (all excellent men) have oth- , perform, They are not paid rpose of amateur operating. lows think because they fail to ra that it is due to the fact that he hi him up. Not by all means. Just list 1 the band and count the num- ber ons answering 2U0’s CQ! 7 rs for 2UO including Mr. Mur- phy rest! R, E. Study, 2AGU ICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE, HARTFORD, CONN. D udy: I ry that I cannot agree with much th ay in your letter of September 18t! 2U0. irself say that this station does ich time for amateur work. You bet n’t! They are, as you say, too bus ng for the New York Times. The poir M that an amateur station is owned by an amateur, that ndividual interested in the pur- and without pecuniary in- teres The New York Times does not op- defir ne su art DECEMBER, 1928 erate its station in the pursuit of the art, but obviously and admittedly it does so for the good of the New York Times, which is a business concern. We therefore hold that the New York Times is not conceivably en- titled to an amateur license, You say that you do not believe any law or rule is vio- lated by this station. I hold that their very existence violates the fundamental regula- tion that amateur licenses will be issued only to amateurs who are interested in the pursuit of the art, Amateur stations are also forbiddcn by regulations to broadcast news for the information of the public, and yet the New York Times does this daily. I want to make it very clear that I have no quarrel with the existence of this sta- tion. I believe that the New York Times is entitled to have a radio station and to use the same in the conduct of their busi- ness. I believe that they should be per- mitted to do exactly the things that they are doing. But I insist that their station is not an amateur station, that it should not have an amateur call, and that it should not be permitted to operate on the very precious frequencies which are reserved ex- clusively for amateurs. If this station gets a limited commercial license, with a com- mercial call, and moves its frequency a few kilocycles so that it is out of the ama- teur bands, we shall be entirely satisfied. Until that time we cannot be, and it seems to me that you as a licensed amateur should have exactly the same views. K. B. Warner, Secretary-Editor (Editor’s Note: After the receipt of the above letter, Mr. Study made another visit to the Times’ station and discovered that it was much more of a commercial station than he thought. He thereupon wrote us the following letter.) Editor, QST: I received your letter in answer to my statement regarding 2UO. Since receiving it I have given the situation a great deal of thought, argument and some investiga- tion. I will have to admit I am inclined to agree with you now. When I was well acquainted with 2UO it was not as it is now. I see now that the Times has used our bands for a purpose that other bands are provided for. When I used to visit this station (which has not been very recently) I could not see anything wrong in their op- \ NS) of yw po “f

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¥s po™s yor? pin? y se™ ity ¥ Sey You Sa w Ik In Qs T —I + Identifies Yo and Hel ps Qs T

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’ Fixed and Adjustable Resistors for all Radio Circuits Bradleyunit-B R manufacturers, set builders and A rimenters demand reliable resistors for grid nd plate coupling resistors. For such ap 1s Bradleyunit-B has demonstrated its sup under all tests, because: i Resistance values are constant irre- f voltage drop across resistors. is thus avoided lutely noiseless 3-—) aging after long use lequate current capacity sd, solid-molded construction > a“ — Easily soldered ise the Bradleyunit-B in your Radio Circuits Radiostat Tt ble graphite compression rheostat, an pes of Allen-Bradley graphite disc rh vide stepless, velvet-smooth control for ters, scanning disc motors and other apy requiring a variable resistance. Laboratory Rheostat } | Tys for general laboratory service. Capa ) watts. Maximum current 40 am- per handy rheostat for any laboratory. | - | Write for Bulletins! . ™ se . . | Al RADLEY CO., 277, Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. | ] K Allen ‘Brady Resistors 7 od ee Say You Saw kt In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST eration. Now after a careful study of it I can see how the Times has advanced 2U0 in a commercial way. However, here is something that might interest you. I was told by a member of the Times’ radio de- partment that the government has refused them a commercial license. . . I wish to hear from you again and would be willing to help you in any way that I am able. —R. E. Study (Editor’s Note: Since the above was written, the Times has been given a com- mercial license, with the call WHD, and . authority to operate on certain frequencies in the mobile bands, presumably as a sta- tion in the mobile service, i. e., as a “coastal” station. At that date, however, they were also retaining their amateur li- cense, W2U0.) “ES” and “Cc” and Others Hollywood, Calif. Editor, QST: The dissertation on “es” and “&” in the September issue reminds me of a couple of other things about our abbreviations, as we now use them, that possibly may be of interest to some of the “new generation.” The familiar ..—— we call “sk”; but it isn’t “sk” at all. Any old timer will tell you that it’s “30”, which, for so long that it has become tradition, has stood for “finish”, “no more”, “finale” or what have you, in the American Morse code. It prob- ably came first into use when used in the telegraphing of news. It was the custom of newspaper offices when getting in a story that was coming along close to the “dead- line”—or press time—to grab the story in sections from the receiving operator and rush it to the type-setter in installments; and the make-up department would con- tinue assembling these rather disjointed sections of the same yarn until finally a sheet would come along with a “30” at the bottom, thus signifying that the story was complete. Then later it came into more general use denoting the finish of almost any telegraphic operation—and so it has passed on down to us with the same meaning. When writing the obsequies of a journalist, your newspaper writer will al- ways complete the writing by the word thirty. the symbol Morse; now it’s the “2”. “73”—so profusely used in “ham” lingo, has always stood for “Please accept my compliments”; and “88’—well, ask any old- timer. Incidentally, that term “ham”—you can say what you want, and discuss to your heart’s content, but in the old days its use was anything but complimentary to the addressee. There are lots of others, and it is to be hoped that in the modern era we can hang (13), has for many years been for “understand” in American ..—., we having dropped

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ised uld at I was om- and “ies sta- er, li- wtwert sl = es . 7 =" SUM When Considering Condensers — Consider the Facts ® HERE mechanical strength and rug- gedness are imperative and where electrical efficiency is vital, Cardwell Con- densers are eminently fitted to meet the conditions. G@Were this not so, there is no other reason why the largest organiza- tions identified with commercial radio and wire communication and apparatus, with their unsurpassed facilities for re- search and investigation, should use Cardwell Condensers, (both receiving and transmitting) year in and year out. @,The Army and Navy and other Governmental departments are Cardwell users, too. @If there are names that |loom larger, repu- tations that mean more or organizations that buy more carefully or with greater discrimination than these users of large quantities of Cardwell Condensers, they are not known to us, and continued use by them of any given product should, logically, establish its merit. GSo when next considering variable condensers, un- less you can be satisfied with LESS than is demanded by those who know, Cardwell Condensers should be your choice, too. CARDWELL CONDENSERS for all purposes VARIABLE—FIXED—TRANSMITTING — RECEIVING “The Standard of Comparison” Say You Saw It In QS T— It Identifies You and Helps QST Literature describing the Cardwell line will be sent you upon request. The Allen D. Cardwell Mfg. Corp. 81 Prospect St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

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Get into the Commerctat | RAbDIo FIELD Ve we May bui mak ofr gt" mer radi siv ing rT Anot ath time book fessi kne wv RIG the, missin need The R letter yours and h where the MONEY Is had hundreds tell us that they idio backwards and forwards. rolled in our courses. And a few r they started to learn radio the y these same men told us that ealized how much they had been ht along. have sufficient radio knowledge to lio circuits. That isn’t enough to mmercial success. What you really hat takes you from the first elements hrough the most complex stages and ractical knowledge you need for com- RADIO INSTITUTE NSORED BY RCA, G-E ND WESTINGHOUSE te of America is the world’s oldest ving the finest and most comprehen- brainable. Our graduates are mak- we'll send you copies of some of the us about their successes. STUDY AT HOME f this course is that you can study you please and as long as you please. ‘ p your present employment. No ng back and forth to classes. Our new w others —just like msuccess in radio, » can make this pro- nating brain-work ir life career. You it to yourself to ad this book through. you will clip and il the coupon. we'll | nd the book to you. i os ITUTE OF AMERICA New York City Dept. D-12 1 me your booklet. Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QS T on to a few of the old traditional ear-marks of American Morse, —Clyde DeVinna, W6ZZK To Boycott Broad Signals 510 St. Charles Ave., Birmingham, Ala. Editor, QST: By this time all active hams on the 40- meter band have noticed the arrival of WEM, and if their gray matter has func- tioned at all they have probably realized that WEM or some other commercial sta- tion will doubtless occupy that position in 1929, which will probably be the bottom of our 40-meter band. Now listen in on this band most any old time and see how many stations (or how few) with these rough broad notes it will require to fill the space on your dial from WEM to WIZ; then draw a cartoon of yourself working DX in 1929. I would imagine that proportion holds good in the other amateur bands also. It has often been suggested that we do not work stations below or above the bands and personally I will not work them—and if it’s necessary to use this scheme on the rough broad notes let’s have it. —M, B. Drennen, WiVC (WEM is listed as being on 7,400 ke.— 100 ke. above the edge of our 7,000-kc. fre- quency band.—Editor.) Yes, Sir! 732 Miller Ave., Ann Arbor, Mich Editor, QST: About two weeks ago I had occasion to send an important message to my father at Pasadena, Calif. From the station here at the University of Michigan (8AXZ) I gave the message to the only westerner on at the moment—a 7 about a thousand miles or more from the message’s destination. The 7 was just readable, and after giving the message to him QRM bobbed up and blotted him out. In the hope of his copy- ing and getting the message on, I repeated it and closed down. The interesting thing of this tale is that W6DYL—W6EHG, copied the message, and being quite close to Pasadena, mailed it. I have been out of the game for some time, and can’t say whether this has become the practice, but I can say that this act of kindness was ap- preciated. The call of this man makes it look as if he is a newcomer, but at any rate it will suffice to show the old timers that courtesy still is in amateur radio. —Archie Ekdale, W6SM, W8DQU International Friendships Hotel St. Petersbourg, Paris, France. Editor, QST: I would like to bring under your notice an incident that is worthy of note as rep-

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igh ace aw 29 od do ids nd he to at at at rs hoe Ro 09 SH A Faradon for every capacitor need Satisfaction is built into Faradon Capacitors with the cer- tainty that comes from years of experience, use of finest materials and rigid inspection throughout production. That is why Faradon Capacitors are the choice of leading radio manufacturers and amateurs. Faradon engineers are glad to co-operate in supplying data for particular requirements not covered by the more than 200 types of Faradon Capacitors ready for prompt delivery. WIRELESS SPECIALTY APPARATUS CO. JAMAICA PLAIN, BOSTON, MASS., U.S.A. Established 1907 aradon Electrostatic Condensers for All Purposes 2286 Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST Ww

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Pa Dubilier TRANSMITTING CONDENSERS ——— — * 4 * - D' BILIER type 686 condensers ive the usual Dubilier high safety factors for use in transmitter filter net works. 1000 volt DC rating. Ma connected in series where the working voltage exceeds 1000. Through series parallel connections practically any working voltage and capacity can be obtained. DC voltage must not exceed 1000; or in A.C. supply filter circuits the trans- former voltage must not exceed 750 volt r rectifier plate. I mfd. condenser $5.00 > « o $8.00 ‘Dubilier CONDENSER CORPORATION 10 E. 43rd St. New York City resentative of the sentiment of brotherhood that is so noticeable in our world of ama- teur radio. I have been on vacation in Europe for six months, and on my arrival I wrote to ef8GI stating that I should feel proud of an interview and inspection of his shack. The answer was by return post, and a cor. dial invitation was given me. It was not until 5 months after reception of the invitation that I could make the visit and then ef8GI called at my hotel in his automobile and drove me around Paris, thence to his home. Our conversation was limited as he spoke little English and I very little French, but with the aid of a dictionary, international abbreviations, and a Morse key we were able to compare notes and tell each other of our respective systems. On my leaving, 8GI asked me, as best he could in the two languages, if I would ac- cept as a souvenir a kilowatt tube, to take to Australia as a symbol of the Intefna- tional feeling of friendship that exists at the present time. Can anybody get away from the fact that International Amateur Radio is one of the finest influences toward world friend- ship that has ever existed? —E. S. Yorston, oa3ES A Real Problem 922 Mulberry St., Mt. Carmel, Ill. Editor, QST: I cannot help thinking that all these fine articles in QST by Hull, Bourne and others have, for a great many amateurs, been words in vain. Personally, I believe that these types of transmitters are the solu- tion to our problem, combined, of course with good receivers and I believe the atti- tude of many amateurs is similar to that of one prominent traffic “ham” here in the middle west who said, “I think this new type transmitter stuff is unnecessary—our present stations manage to get out all right. 40 meters is the only band on which we might need them and most hams will be on 80.” (As if we didn’t need them on 80 meters!) I think we have the solution to the tech- nical problems but the real problem now is to impress upon the amateur the need of nsing the new 1929 developments. —John O. Weaver, W9AYB In Appreciation 1217 South Normandie Ave., Los Angeles, California. Editor, QST: At the Radio Show in Los Angeles, Sept. 2nd to 8th, the Amateur Radio Research Club was in charge of the A.R.R.L. booth and operated station W6PS there. Say You Saw kt In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST

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"hood ama- s Radio Will Be Different in 1929 id of rm. The Only Handbook Prepared for the Change is < agg THE RADIO aris, aii< MANUAL ther By G. E. STERLING, Radio Inspec- tor and Examining Officer, Radio | Division, U.S. Dept. of Commerce. ~ aos Edited by ROBERT S. KRUSE, for five years Technical toil SALING.- Editor of QST. fna- : The new procedure adopted by the International S at = ses Radio Telegraphic Convention is effective Janu- ary ist, 1929. THE RADIO MANUAL records fact <2 it completely. Department of Commerce exam- one S inations for operator licenses will be changed the end- ; first of the year. Only THE RADIO MANUAL J presents all the material to meet the requirements Ss =. ‘ of the questions. Progress has been steadily made in perfecting radio theory and practise. THE RADIO MANUAL, since it is the most up- to-date volume on radio, is the surest source of complete and accurate information on all points. A Complete Handbook of Principles, Methods, Apparatus for Students, Amateur and Commercial Operators, Inspectors

Complete Preparation for Government License. 16 Chapters Covering Elementary Electricity and 9. Radio Broadcasting Equip- ; including, for first time in ment including, for the first any text book description and time in any text book, the circuit diagram of Western Magnetism Motors and Generators Storage Batteries and Charg- ing Circuits Theory and Application of the Vacuum Tube Fundamental Circuits Em- ployed in Vacuum Tube Transmitters Modulating Systems Em- ployed in Radio Broadcasting Wavemeters, Piezo-Electric Oscillators, Wave Traps and Field Strength Measuring Apparatus ‘ Marine Vacuum Tube Trans- mitters including detailed description of Model ET-3626 complete equipment of West- ern Electric 6 Kilowatt broadcasting Transmitter used in over 75% of Ameri- can broadcasting stations. Are Transmitters including description of Federal Marine 2 Kilowatt Are Transmitter Type AM 4151; also models congee and a ae Spark Transmitters includ- ing description of Navy Standard 2 Kilowatt Trans- mitter Commercial Radio Receivers and Associated Apparatus Electric Superheterodyne Re- ceiver Type 6004C Marine and Aircraft Radio Beacons and Direction Find- ers. The Development of Amateur Short Wave Apparatus. Com- plete details of construction, operation and licenses. Radio Laws and Regulations of the U. S. and Interna- tional Radio Telegraph Con- vention. Quotations of all important sections Handling and Abstracting Traffic

Order On This Coupon Se a a a a a oe a oe oe ae oe oe Ge ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ej D. VAN NOSTRAND CO., INC., 8 Warren St., N. Y. Send me THB RADIO MANUAL for examination. Within ten days after receipt I will either return the volume or send you $6.00.—The price in full. Examine It Free Never before has so complete a treatment of radio theory and operation been compressd into a single volume. Here is information that otherwise you could secure only by consulting many different books. And every detail is vouched for by author- ities of the first rank. The Manual is profusely illustrated with photographs and diagrams. There are 700 pages, bound in flexible fabrikoid that is extremely durable. The immediate demand for so valuable a handbook has already nearly ex- hausted the second large edition. To be sure of receiving your copy without delay, order at once. The volume will be sent for free examination. City and State .. in Pay or return in 10 days, PrTr?TttttLtLete ee eee i (QST 12-28) St and Number

Say You Saw It In QS T— It Identifies You and Helps QST

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FOR $3.00 YOU CAN’T GO WRONG! Of ¢ ‘e, you are building a new short-wave set or rebuilding an old one and you can’t go wrong if you are reading the series of articles Ros ll has been running in QST. They present the findings of the A.R.R.] Technical Development Program, of which Hull is Director, whi ave been disclosing a lot of inter ng, and illuminating, facts abot hort-wave transmitters and rece The full articles started in the Aug sue and ran in September, Oct and November. None ap- pear this issue while. Hull saves up steam for January. Then there will be more. Now, Here’s The Good News—If you ed these late 1928 issues, we ¥ end them to you, all four of tl , and also enter your sub- scri} for the entire year 1929 for t im of $3.00. Ca) beat this for a bargain? QST, rtford, Conn. [1 the dope. Inclosed find my $3.0 ‘the late 1928 copies and a year’ cription to QST for 1929. ee rr Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST It mas my duty to select operators and to arrange schedules with stations outside to move the traffic. There were 2152 mes- sages taken in and relayed—and it was a tedious job as they came fast and furious sometimes. At the show the A.R.R.L, booth was one of the most crowded of all, even including the “Television” booth. On behalf of the A.R.R.C. I wish to thank, many times, every station that handled a message from the L-A Radio Show. In spite of all that has been written about punk amateur operating I must say we worked some of the finest operators that are pounding brass anywhere! Two outstanding events among the Los Angeles gang was that of 6AVJ relaying traffic to Europe in one jump and 6CHA’s big total of 900—both one man stations. I was also one of the operators at the National Air Races in Los Angeles and there, once more, amateur radio shone bril- liantly. Once more we say “Hats off to that bunch of amateurs all over the world who helped us.” —Chas, A. Nichols, A.R.R.C. Vice Presi- dent, W6ASM Request 6237 South Richmond Street, Chicago, Il. Editor, QST: I have received a letter from 9BAN stat- ing that while in QSO with 9KD, a man ran into his house and said that his roof was on fire. True enough it was. The roof and all ceilings and some parts of walls were soon no more. Up in the attic he had sev- eral years of QST, a 30-year file of Literary Digests and other literature. One of his most highly prized articles was the photo album that contained pictures of most sta- tions with which he had been in communi- cation. Out of this, all that he could save was his transmitter and short-wave _ re- ceiver. The rest burnt up or was damaged by falling debris or water. In his behalf, I request that those amateurs who have been in communication with him please send a photo or two to replace those that have been burned, to make up another photo album. This done, you’ll surely enlighten 9BAN’s heart. —Walter Ostrowski, Jr.. W9CMX Press Messages United Press Association, World Bldg., New York City. Editor, QST: Some time ago a message addressed to the United Press, and presuming to come from the Rockford fiyers, was picked up by several amateur radio operators at different points in the country. In one city—Toledo, Ohio, I believe it was—the member called one newspaper which did not happen to be wns ae | om *” © rw. MAI

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and tside mes- as a —_ : ’ all, On ank, ed a bout we that Los ying [A’s the and yril- ’ to rid esi- et, Ill. at- ‘an on nd re 1y- ry lis ito a- 1i- ve od f, ve 3e at ACEW onsole -Nlodel A.C. TUBE Stromberg-Carlson H: RE is the wonderful Receiver you have dreamed of owning—a Receiver with the celebrated Stromberg-Carlson tone, at a price within the reach of everyone. Not only the tone but its extreme sensitivity—its keen selectivity —its splendid work- manship tell you at once it is a Stromberg-Carlson. This Receiver has a handy jack to facil:'tate playing records w Een through the wonderful audio system of the Receiver; thus making it pos- sitle to cenvert any standard phono- graph into a high quality modern electrical reproducing instrument. STROMBERG-CARLSON TELEPHONE Uses 5 UY-227 No. 686 Strombverg-Carison A.C., one UX-171-A Output Tube, and one UX-280 RCA Tubes. Price, less Tubes and Speaker, $245. Slightly higher Rockies and West and Canada. The beautiful cabinet sets a new standard in radio. It is low, artisti- cally designed, with two-toned Walnut panels and top of matched Walnut butts. A slide which may be used as a nae Po table acts as a cover to close the front. Mere. Co., Rocuester, New York Listen to the Stromberg-Carlson Sextette through the N B C and twenty- two associated stations. Stromberg-Carlson MAKERS OF VOICE TRANSMISSION AND VOICE RECEPTION : APPARATUS Seay You Saw It In QS T— It Identifies You and Helps Q8T S FOR MORE THAN 30 YEARS

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DIN DOOl2 ARAN AAA sive Cheer throughout the year with ¢ RADIO roe As the Yule-logs crackle and music fills the air, enjoy the Christmas melodies to their ut- most by having a new Cunning- ham Radio Tube in every socket of your radio. These “ambassadors of joy” make delightful Christmas gifts. E. T. CUNNINGHAM, Inc. New Yerk Chicage San Francisco actured and sold under rights, atents and inventions owned and/or ed by ee Ses of HARA LPRPADRDABLE Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST 62 the United Press newspaper in that city, and when he was told that it was not the United Press newspaper he gave them the message and it was sent out over Associated Press wires. It occurred to me that such messages might come through the air from time to time in the future and be picked up by ama- teurs at different points who might not know how to reach the United Press. There- fore I am enclosing a list* of the United Press bureaus with their local addresses, and we will greatly appreciate, if you see fit, the printing of this list in your service paper so that any member of your League, should he receive a message addressed to the United Press at any time in the future, could ’phone or wire the nearest United Press office, tolls collect. With best wishes, Sincerely yours, R. J. Bender, Vice President. {*The U. P. Bureaus are located as fol- lows: Albany, N. Y., 16 Beaver St.; Atlanta, 205 Thrower Bldg.; Austin, Tex., State House; Boston, 262 Washington St.; Buf- falo, 30 Naylon Bldg.; Chicago, 220 S. State St.; Cleveland, The Press; Columbus, Ohio, The Citizen; Dallas, The Journal; Denver, The News; Des Moines, 308 Securities Bldg.; Detroit, 711 Polk Bldg.; Fresno, Calif., Bee Bldg.; Harrisburg, Pa., Patriot Bldg.; In- dianapolis, Times Bldg.; Kansas City, Mo., Journal-Post Bldg.; Lansing, Mich., Capital- News Bldg.; Lincoln, Nebr., Box 1509; Los Angeles, The Record during day, The News at night; Madison, Wisc., The Journal; Memphis, Press-Scimitar Bldg.; Milwaukee, 528 Chestnut St.; Montreal, Que., 171 St. James St.; New Haven, The Time-Union; New Orleans, 720 Union St.; New York, World Bldg.; Oklahoma City, The News; Omaha, The Tribune; Philadelphia. The News; Phoenix, Ariz., 609A Heard Bldg.; Pittsburgh, New Press Bldg.; Portland, Ore., The Journal; Sacramento, 702 “I” St.; San Francisco, 340 Ninth St.; Seattle, Star Bldg.; Springfield, Ill., 311% S. 6th St.; St. Louis, Star Bldg.; St. Paul, News Bldg.; Salt Lake City, 414 Clift Bldg.; Washing- ton, 1322 New York Ave., N. W.—Ed.] Bux+ SCI “WHASSA MATTER A 2" *A BED sLaT BROKE LAST NIGHT aro ' FELL AND HIT THE CEILING” “IMPOSSIBLE, OM,THAT WOULD GE DEFYING THE LAWS OF GRAWTY ” “BUT YOU SEE | HAD A THOUSAND VOITS OF ‘8B’ BATTERY UNDER THE BED” aa me. Ff ss 4 ww , nom e4 a Oe. | 6G 4 eo, Bee.

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izes > to ma- not re- ted ses, see rice ue, the ire, ted nt. Bradley Leak, 9.99 absolutely noise- less and stepless, 2000 to 30,000 ohm re- sistance. List $5, special $2.95. $4. Bradleystat Ne. B-21 Special . -- 1,60 Signal Buzzer Set International Code on Baseboard ........ $2.45 Belden braid % inch wide, ft .06 $7. Acme B-6—*‘B’’ elimina- tor transformer, 235 v. each side of centre tap. ....2.45 Acme 500 w. plate trans- former, 1000-1500-2000 each side of centre tap, 24.00. Acme B.H-1 transformer. 255-510 each side of centre tap; also 2 fil. windings of 4 v. each side of centre tap, $10.25. Acme C.W. 30 Henry choke $18 list — 150 M. A. single $14.40; also ether sizes at special prices. RHEOSTAT ACM POTENTIOMETER AUDIO FREQUENCY 45 VESEY STREET NEW YORK New York’s Headquarters for Transmitting Apparatus When in Town Visit Our Store Full Line of Acme -- Thordarson -- Jewell -- Flech- theim -- General Radio -- Signal -- Bradley SPECIALS Dubilier Mica Condenser, .002 cap. 6.000 working volt 1.9 General Radio 247D .001 cond. plate or with vernier 1.75 Dubilier cond. 1.7 mfd. 1,000v D. C. test; 650 v. working voltage 1. Dubilier cond. .5 mfd. 1,000v D.C. working voltage 35 R.C.A.—U.V. 1716 Super Het. trans.ormer 1.45 Ward Leonard Resistances; fits standard base receptacles; sizes 300—600—900—1200 and 2000 ohms A $15. Imported German head sets; very sensitive 3.45 Honeycomb Coils unmounted, all sizes in stock at % price. $8 Signal Corp adjustable arm micro-transmitter for panel mounting J $9. Dubilier condenser, 4 mfd; 600 v. D. C. working type 903; limited quantity 2.45 Cardwell con-@ 45 densers, double 4° spaced for trans- mitting, .0U025 cap. No. 12 Enameled copper wire, any length, ft ....... 01 No. 10 Enameled copper wire, any length, ft ..... oo DIY Genuine Bakelite Panel BONENGS. kcccesncceessous 1.50 Baldwin phones type C, pair 5.95 Myers $5 4% volt Det. or Amp tube, complete with mounting clips .. . 85 Ward Leenard Resistance $4.75 list-6% inch long—800- 1000 -1200 -8000 -6000 -8000- 11000 ohms; can be used for R.E.L. Transmitting Inductances, per set, 8.80 2-50 watt tubes or less. $1.48 Bristol 50 Henry choke 2.75 $ 6.50 Acme .0005 enclosed condenser -95 Pyrex Lew-loss Y.T. R. C. A. socket; porce Television disks as specified sockets. each 398c. lain base, metal top 50c in QST special $1.95. ACME patio TRANSFORMER INEON fins Made by General Blectric Co., type G. 10, standard Listed at $5.00. The unt- versal transformer for Super Het. 30 K.C. Lim- ited quantity at $1.10 On the primary side the binding post im use having the higher number should be con- J volts A combined Pot. and Get any ratio you want. —. ag" ht nse as oe pF n SS) filament Rhee. SPECIFICATIONS ——F pre — —_ a on 6 ohm rheo-100 ohm pot. Type V A-2 Hatios Available x JZ rice only 80 ohm rhee-100 ohm pot. Primary Secondary Primary Secondary 30 ohm rheo-300 ohm pot. Binding Binding Binding Binding ADIO >, >, hy TWIN RHEO for low 4 oo. —- — oe —— ny FOUN- voltage tubes. List $3.00. Special each 65¢ “3:1 1-3 5-6 15:1 1-3 6-2 DATION 3.25:1 -4 - 5 : - SF $52 14 58 T52 24 8-6 TRANSFORMER RA 3.75:1 1-2 5-6 9.5:1 2- - ACME T N ORMER 4:1 1-3 5-7 11.5:1 2- 5-8 Mfg. for McCullough A. C. or equivalent 5 tubes. Will carry 6 or 7 tubes—2%-3- Lit $6.00 Snecial ... $2.25 nected to the B+ and likewise, the second- connected to the grid. raties may be obtained if desired, but the A high quality choke 1/1¢ | Henry at 100 mils. iT, List $5.00. Special $1.25 Snecial ccce OR TE at... rubber handle. special A wonderful iy $625 PLEASE PRINT YOUR NAME AND ary post having the higher number should be VARIABLE By using binding posts 8-4, still highet FILAMENT above selection will usually fill all require- TRANS- = ments. ACME a O07 “or wean” “* sone GENERAL RADIO 125 watt—110 velt—60c. tapped at-4-7- POWER AMPLIFIER 10-13-17-20-24-30 volts. Limited quan- and “B” ELIMINATOR KIT it, Mist 18. uses &. H. © Raytheon and 371 tube List $50 -ipdtinesereeheskennneasnns $19.50 MAIL ORDERS FILLED SAM* DAY 10% Must Accomoany All Orders ADDRESS PLAINLY to AVOID DELAY GE ctnccekacssesiacuisescemess $4.45 All necessary French Hand ca from 105 to 125 Flechtheim Condensers, MICROPHONE = nthe alba gives “A” “B” = na ~ General Ra ‘ era dio No. 858 Short Listed at $10 SS = Wave Meter, 14 to 225 me- . ° B for set. mouse Nickel Silver Type 890 uses ters, list $22, special $15.00. Finish type 371 and 380 Vulcanized tube. Type 395 We carry the largest stock of GENERAL RADIO PARTS in the eountry Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST

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OFFICIAL NETO TE WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTORS { AERO coil, . year Aero has a notable line yf rt wave apparatus for both 7 receiving and sending. We have a i complete stock of the entire line and al dy at all times to make instant tanding number in the new ; \ ( Type 50 Transmitter for a lig ocket operation. Lists for $148.75 and nets the “Ham” at our . 7: price, $87.46. Order by No. Aero “International” Short Wave Receiver Nev better. Employs one Stage ap eld grid amplification. Four tu tuning control. New Aero a mer. Panel 7 x 14 in. Cor Kit of parts lists at $55.30, our *P . ce to Hams $32.52. Order by ‘ ). iV, All Hams Should Have Our Big Wholesale Radio Catalog — Write for It Cor ntire Aero line as well as 100 pag ther popular radio kits, parts, sets, r.es, and consoles. Lowest pric Quick service. Write for your . res Fre Setbuilders Supply Co. 166 Romberg Building CHICAGO, - ILLINOIS Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST I. A. R. U. News (Continued from Page 51) 2. The Headquarters officers of the Union serving in that capacity on the date of the adoption of these provisions shall present to the membership the de termination of the member to serve as the Initia] Headquarters under this Constitution, together with all offers and proposals that have been received bear- ing on the question. The affirmative vote of a ma- jority of the members shall select the member chosen for the Headquarters. The headquarters officers as of the date of the adoption of these provisions shall promptly certify the result of the selection to all the members, shall inform the member chosen as the Headquarters, and immediately shall transfer to the Headquarters all records, funds, papers, correspond- ence and other property of the Union. 3. Any member at any time may propose a change in the location of the Headquarters, and the Head- quarters shall present this to the membership as a Proposal on the next subsequent Calendar. If a member serving as the Headquarters finds it neces- sary for any reason to discontinue its services as such, it shall promptly acquaint the membership with the fact and the reasons in the next subsequent Calendar, and shall solicit offers and proposals for the selection of a successor. As promptly as pos- sible it shall then conduct and confirm a special elec- tion to select a successor, in the same general fashion as prescribed in Paragraph 2 of this Article for the initial selection. When the new Headquarters has been determined and has accepted the appointment, all the records, funds, papers, files and property of the Union shall immediately be transferred to it, and the old Headquarters shall then stand relieved. The officers of the Union shall consist of a president, a vice-president, and a secretary. The president, first vice-president and corresponding sec- retary of the member society chosen as the Head- quarters of the Union shall serve in their respective capacities as officers of the Union during their so- ciety’s term as Headquarters; provided, however, that no person commercially identified with the manu- facture, sale or rental of radio apparatus shall be eligible to serve as an officer of the Union: and provided further that any national officer of a member society chosen as the Headquarters shall have the option of declining to serve in a similar capacity for the Union. Whenever, eithe, through ineligbility or unwillingness to serve, there is a vacancy in any office of the Union, the member society serving as the Headquarters shall recommend to the Head- quarters another qualified and responsible official of its society for the post, which recommendation the Headquarters shall convey by the Calendar to the membership, and the affirmative vote of a majority of the members shall serve to elect such substitute to the vacant post. All officers of the Union must be residents of the country whose society is chosen as the Headquarters. ARTICLE IV—MANAGEMENT 1. The President shall have general supervision of the affairs of the Union. He shall preside at any meetings which are held in the name of the Union. He shall be responsible for and shall direct the work of the Secretary in the handiing of correspondence, records, funds, and the Calendar. The Vice-President shall be responsible for such matters of general supervision as may be delegated to him by the Presi- dent, and in the absence or disability of the Presi- dent shall act in his stead. 2. The Secretary shall be the manager of the routine affairs of the Union, under the direction of the President. He shall conduct the general cor- respondence of the Union and shall maintain fi.es and keep full records of all actions taken. He shall record the proceedings of any meetings held in the name of the Union. Whenever the Union has funds of its own, as distinct from the funds of the mem- ber-society serving as the Headquarters, the Secre- tary shall be responsible for their safe-keeping and shall account for them to the President. The Secre- tary, under the direction of the President, shall ar- range and issue the Calendar, and shall handle the correspondence and records in connection therewith. 3. For the purpose of securing international agree- ment amongst the member societies on matters con- cerning their common welfare, proposals may be made by any member by letter addressed to the Headquarters. The officers of the Union may also originate proposals. All such proposals shall be as. ow “—-_-CO @ ore &® BS OO is} =—eaeoao_gd eu as = -— -~ ee oe oe oe ae 16cm oBaee a

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rving these e de nittal with bear- ma- losen F. E. Handy, Communications Manager 1711 Park St., Hartford, Conn. About That W O YOU use the W as part of your call signal D each time it is transmitted? You should. It has been called to our attention that some few amateurs are still signing the old way—or using the W just part of the time which makes a dizzy combina- tion to figure out. It must be remembered that the first letter or letters prefixed to our calls are actually just as much a part of the call as the W in WIZ or the K in KDKA. In getting QSL-cards printed the W should be the same size as the other letters. It should not be sepa- rated from the rest of the call signal by a hyphen or extra space. As for operating correctly, of course, habit is a strong master to overcome, However, a single night of practice with the correct procedure in mind should be sufficient to get us to signing our new call signals prefixed by W, K, VE etc. properly. It should be a source of pride that we can revise our operating practice as required to avoid confusion and non-uniformity without any unnecessary delay. A station owner should be ashamed to permit his call to be incorrectly used two months after a change has been made. Let’s familiarize ourselves with the knack of using our new calls correctly and let us courteously remind those who need to be told of the correct procedure. Sign correctly at all times. Don’t forget that “de” must be used. No attention sign (-.-.-) is required preceding a call. There is no excuse for a lot of meaningless material appended to the call when ending a transmission either. Most of the key tapping we hear after the sign-off causes needless QRM and does little except to indicate the extreme youth or weak-mindedness of the individual who is trying to be “smart.” oe we Use the New Procedure HIS brings us to another subject—that of intro- ducing the new abbreviations and operating prac- tices. Let’s get busy and replace the obsolete R system with the simpler and better QSA (1 to 5) audi- bility code. Revise your calling practice to make all CQ’s informative, indicating continent, country, dis- trict, state, direction or the like. Don’t forget to make full use of the new Q code and the standard abbrevia- tions determined by the international conference for indicating ‘“‘yes” and “no,” for asking for repe- titions of parts of conversation and messages. Do you know the meaning of AA, AB, AL, BN, WA, WB, TXT etc.? Do you know how domestic calls are made differently than foreign calls in which the directional CQ is used? What does QSA2 mean? These things are all explained in the revised Rules and Regulations of the Communications Department which will be sent to anyone without obligation, on receipt of a postal card. It is requested that you put these convenient abbrevi- ations and practices into daily use at once. The new abbreviations are mandatory on all radio services. They are understood internationally. They are time savers for all, reducing needless interference. Explain your meaning if necessary and tell the fellows you work to send for a copy of the R. & R. but most im- portant of all use the new standard practices. You QS T FOR DECEMBER will enjoy the business of brisk, snappy operating with the new abbreviations whether in rag-chewing or mes- sage handling just as soon as you get the knack of using them regularly. Be up-to-date and correct at the same time and you will like the game all _the better. Other stations often note your operating. What kind of an impression do they receive? Do they have to be tactful or can they frankly discuss “‘sta- tions” and “fists” with you? Use standard amateur procedure. ~ . Emergencies—Are You Ready? NE never knows when a sudden wind storm, a heavy rain, or a nor’ easter with sleet and snow will develop into a real emergency. In preparing our station for the future it is a good scheme to have an oscillator, monitor, or grid-meter driver on hand that can be converted quickly into a low-power emer- gency transmitter to meet the needs of any occa- sion. While planning emergency sets we should re- member to make note of the availability of different emergency power supplies so that no time will be lost in time of actual trouble. A day or two spent in constructon of simple apparatus now will save precious hours if and when an actual emergency occurs. In the future, stations will be equipped to listen regularly to their own transmissions to check quality, frequency, and steadiness—if they are to be considered among the first rate amateur stations. Have you built that MONITOR yet? a eo 28-Megacycle Work FLASH!!! The latest good news from W6UF was receeived at W2AVG (and copied by W2WS also) Nov. 9 on 28 me. The radiogram reads, “TWOWAY COMMUNICATION WAS ESTAB- LISHED WITH ZL2AC ON 28 MC. AND MAIN- TAINED FOR ONE HOUR AND FORTY MIN- UTES ON NOVEMBER EIGHTH (SIG.) W6UF”. W2WS and W2AVG both reported W6UF as very strong and steady during the entire noonday of November 9. A message from ZL2AC to Ha. which travelled all the way via W6UF and W1IBJD on 28 mec. opened up the new band officially for long distance message handling on November 11. The 28 mc. band is now being used regularly for international QSO’s. Let’s QSY and make more general use of this interesting band! eT ae which have been heard across the water on dif- ferent occasions have been followed by the first two-way 28 me. work between England and the United States. On October 21 G20D (E. J. Sim- monds, Middlesex, England) was in communication with WIAQD (L, C. Brown, Livermore Falls, Maine) on 28 me., sending greetings from the R.S.G.B. to the A.R.R.L. on that occasion! W2JN also worked G2OD on the same day. The following week W6UF (Bill Eitel, Knowles, Calif.) and G20D R wich b of 28 mc.—signals from the U.S.A.

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)! ZL2AC has been heard at W6UF | it is quite likely that by this time across the Pacific will have been ac- 28 me. A radiogram from ZL2AC to ved during the early November tests WiCCZ with a beam antenna reports rd W1CCZ on November second from GCT at various strengths between R3 thirty-degree angle of the beam at the best signals. As far as we know, one-way transmission on this fre- 12s yet been recorded. radio conditions on 28 mc. for the consistency of general communica- ached that obtained on 14,000 ke. So vo-way communication has taken place intry on 28 me. we feel that it may abandon this column soon—or at tion only unusual results or those » definite conclusions can be drawn reliability of 28 mc. QSO’s with duplicated by any amateur. With tment that overcome irregularities ng conditions we shall find ourselves nd excellent communication band to tion on some of the other bands mn all reports, conditions improved October, On September 30 G2NH BRS98 heard W2JN, W2BDA, and sopied W2JN when he was calling ime date. W2AQB (also calling heard in London, England R4 at mber 30. On October first G6DH +, W2AZU, WS8ADM, and WITR who MT. About this date W6DZX (Salt rted hearing K6CLJ (Hawaii). Oc- W8DJV and W6AOT clicked on 28 time. This contact was overheard lso copied W6DHS, W6XV, and tions. WSDJV copied W6XV, KES- WSCMB. On October 14 W2TP with W2ACN, W5AOT, and ACN also hooked with W5AOT on this I were good and WIBJD /(Mass.) W5TP, and W50H on 28 me. On W2TP and W4NH worked W5AOT. was that on which the contact be- WiAQD was made. G20D was by operator Brown of W4NH on W4NH heard W5AOT, W5AUZ and blished communication with W6UF first. On this date W6UF heard W2JN worked G6LL from 1435 until nal were steady and _ excellent in finishing with G6LL, W2JN called immediately raised eol7C who was next hour. There was increasing transmission. On this same date W6UF, VE4CT, W5AUZ and heard 1} ulso heard VEA4CT, W6UF and reports that the new band has book and produced excellent signals W2JIN worked K4AGF (Santurce, ber 7 at 1430 GCT. W5AOT, W5TP nd VE4GO were heard on October W2IN worked G2FN for a half faded out. G6DH was heard on nd. W6CZA was copied on Oct. 26 K4SA and G2KF were both heard G6LL was worked again for over \VL worked W6UF on Oct. 21 and nd W9BHB. On the 28th he heard m EST and at noon copied G2FN W6UF (R5). trie, Georgia) copied the following n Oct. 28: W6DIY (R5), WS8BCQ R5), W9AEZ (R6), WSBAI (R4), This same date W6BAX copied W1AQD Ww2TP. W2FJ, W2AQB, W6UF, W5AFB and W5AQ. A radiogram from W6BAX (via W2BDR) reports nals heard: “W1CCZ R8 1.25pm PST CZ R7 10.50 am, R6 11.10 am, R7 201A. I heard the following on ZO, W2AOL, W2TP, WIZL, WI1AQD, N, on ten meters. Also heard ZL2AC n.” WS5AFB (Dallas. Tex.) reports with WIAQD, WIBJD, and W6UF He says also, “The following ten meter hrough O.K. on this date, WIAQD W2AQB R4, W2FJ R3, W2TP R2, KLL R5, WIZ (harmonic) R$ W5WZ (Fort Worth, Tex.) heard harmonics on Oct. 21, after which they got the transmitter working and contacted with WIAQD and WIBJD between four and five pm CST. W5AVS-W5WZ got reports of R7 and R5 from these stations. W5AVS-W5Wz is crystal controlled on 28.64 mec. (10.475 meters), October 29 WI1AQD worked G2OD for the second time also contacting with W6UF, W5AFB, and copy- ing W5AOT. Ed Willis of W6TS copied W2XT Oct. 20, at 8.15 am PST. W6DZL finds 28 me. an enjoyable band to work in with good signals and freedom from power leak and QRN backgrounds. W2ACN broke the ice on the seventh of October by working W5AOT in spite of some local dif- ficulties. Since then several other stations have been worked and W2ACN and W2TP are looking forward to some foreign contracts now there is activity across the water in several different direc- tions. W2ACN says, “To work the west coast and get R5-7 is now common and several west coast stations can be worked at will all day Sunday as soon as they come on in the morning. W6UF is R6-8 all Sunday. W6BAX puts a mean signal across by crowding a 201A with 15 watts input! W6CUH and W6ANN come in fine. My receiver had the 28 me. band crowded into 8% dial degrees but by connecting a 5-plate midget condenser in parallel with the .000125 wf tuning condenser and connecting it to a good vernier dial with a long hard rubber shaft I have spread the band out over 55 degrees. This idea works on the other bands, too. My 1929 improvements cost me just 59c which may interest fellows who cannot rebuild throughout due to Christmas on the horizon.” WI1ZL got a surprise on November 4 when he decided to listen on 28 me. for the first time since last April. W6BAX rolled in R7 while working W2AZO. As soon as a hay-wire transmitter could be put together W6BAX was called and worked with one UX210, 40 watts input. W6UF and W6CUH were copied all the afternoon. W6WB and W6ANN were heard calling W1CCZ and that station was R4. W2AQB was copied as well as VEA4CT. West coast signals were strong and steady, the weather in the east, rainy and cool. W1ZL expects to try 28 mc. each Sunday, hereafter, A radiogram from White of ZL1AO asks all US. 28 me. experimenters to transmit and listen on Saturday afternoons, our time. ZLIAN and ZL1IAO have heard our 28 me. signals Sunday 10 to 11 am, New Zealand time. The New Zealand A.R.T. will gladly cooperate in any 28 mc. tests with the U.S.A. WSDJV reports that ZL2AC starts operation each Sunday at 2200 GCT. We also have it from W2TP that ZL2AC transmits Saturday afternoons from 3 to 4 pm and 9 to 10 pm EST. ZL2AC has heard 28 me harmonics from HJO, W2XAD, NPM, KEL. and PCLL, at different times. He has also heard W6XV and WICCZ testing. WS8XK is operating a crystal controlled trans- mitter on 28.8 me. each Saturday and Sunday from noon until &8 pm EST. using compensated keying and a quarter wave vertical antenna. Reports should be mailed to Box 91C, R.F.D.5, Wilkinsburg, Pa. W9DGZ sends a 15 minute test at 1 pm CST each Sunday. looking for stations calling him immediately after this. Hollywood of W2AER reports. “Am going to M.LT., Cambridge, Mass., and am starting 28 me. experi- menting in my dormitory room. Just to show what 28 me. is like—built a receiver in a 5”x6”x9" card- board box, the two tubes and junk cost $6—and the first day (2.00-3.830 pm Nov. 4) I heard W6UF R65 de, W6CUH R6-R7 dc, W9BGQ (21 mc.) R7 de. and WIEK, W1MX, WIBVL, W1BJD and W1CCZ!” ~~ oe TRAFFIC BRIEFS OM Diehl, SCM of Nebraska, sends us the follow- ing extract from the Electric Shop Quarterly (Omaha) The article is entitled “Electricity—What Is It?”: “Electricity is something that starts the Lord knows where and ends in the same place. It is faster on Its feet. being 1-36 of a second speedier than its nearest competitor—backyard gossip—and when turned loose in Europe will get to the United States five hours before it starts. Nobody knows ex- actly what it is, because it has never stood still long enough. It is like your girl’s younger brother in that you never know what to expect next, and the only way to handle it is with 8 switch Rubber is the only thing that will stop it, which is why rubhernecks never get shocked, and rubber heels are shock absorbers, so they say in the subways. “Electricity is sometimes known as science gone crazy with the heat. and {ff you can understand its maneuvers you can do anything with it except open a can of peanut butter at & picnic. It had been locked up in ignorance throughout many QS T FOR DECEMBER ~es “eA 4@h Odea © of ee ~aAne ee «ae @ a Ae be be - antéun di) Gafiees

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1s- eo-rrs” + 8 oR ec =e ee centuries until Ben Franklin let it out with a pass key, and since then it has been pulling off more new stunts than the Russian government. With it you can start a conversation or stop one perpetually, cook dinner, curl your hair, press your trousers, blow up a battleship, run an automobile, or signal Mars, and many more things are being invented. “Like the price of rib roast, lightning seldom hits twice in the same place, but once it does hit there is little left The Lord said, ‘Let there be light,’ and now all we mist do is press the button.’’ Ge es Navy Day Honor Roll AVY Day activity this year has outdone all N previous years!! Many more stations have re- ported with message copies, and throughout all reports we find a feeling of good will toward our Uncle Sam and his Navy. A word as to the method of grading reports will be interesting. In the East both NAA and W1IMK were 100% copiable. Many near-perfect copies were turned in so that we had to scan very close.y to detect errors. In the South conditions were not so good, although fair copy was turned in on both stations from this section. In the Middle West and South- west conditions were rather poor. QRM was found on both stations, with W1MK suffering more on ac- count of being in the amateur band. In the far West daylight was still spread over the land. For these reasons special considerations had to be given to all sections of the country. Some stations worked under irritating handicaps. A thunderstorm in Texas covered transmission from NAA. In the far West NAA was copied mostly on 12045 ke. (24.9 m.), which allowed Fords to provide QRM. One fellow found that his receiving tubes had gone bad just before the broadcast. He had to run down town to buy a new set. Those who had logged NAA and W1MK previous to Navy Day got better copy than those who had to search for them. Some contestants believed that transmission from NAA overlapped transmission from W1MK, but such was not the case. NAA finished at very close to 7:59%4 p.m., E. S. T., and WIMK started promptly at 8:00 p.m., E. S. T. NAA sent at a speed of about 19 w.p.m., and W1MK sent at a speed of about 14 w.p.m., The fifty highest stations had copy that was very near to perfect, when all considerations are taken into account. WIBIG had the only perfect copy on both stations. Just as last year, the Navy Day Nonor Roll has been made up from copies of the broadcasts sent in to Headquarters. The following ten men stand at the top of the Honor Roll, and therefore will receive a letter of commendation from the Secretary of the Navy. They are arranged in the order of high scores. W1BIG—Frederick Best, Augusta, Maine. W6BJX—E. O. Knoch, Los Angeles, Calif. KGAR—M. W. Bannister, Tucson, Ariz. W8BKM—Wilburt C. Gross, Conneaut, Ohio. W9KV—Reed R. Brunner, Duluth, Minn. W5AL—C. F. Butcher, Greenville, Texas. KiKD—E. W. Mayer, Ensenada, Porto Rico. W9CSR—Gera!d Lovins, Denver, Colo. W4U0—Robert A. Holbrook, Atlanta, Ga. W4TK—Robert H. Reid, Jacksonville, Fla. The remaining 230 stations on the Honor Roll are here a'so listed in the order of high scores: W4RN, W9EVB, W6AM, WICRC, W2TA, W1I0, W2BPQ, W3HL, W8DYH, W9FS, W7AJ, W2AGY, W8CMO, Bertram C, Felsburg, W1PY, W1CDX, W8ARO, W9ME, WSAEE-W9CXY, W5AQ, W5APG, W6UJ, W2BME, WI1IT, W8ALK, W8CSS, WIRY, W1AJC, WS8DED, W9BIB, Frank E. Romanouski, W9COS, Robert K. B. Saxon, W6AW, W2FW, W9CDE, W9CVE, W. Harvey Bowman, W8TJ, WIAUE, WIBLD, W2ASB-W2AFA- W8BDG, WINK, W6KW, W9DWN, W9BBG, W6BZU, W2BIE, W2CRB, W8CLQ, WSCAF, W8DSP, W2CDM, W4FJ, WIBKT, Elmer R. Fritz, W9CNP, W9EGE- W9GCO, W9DPY, W5TV, W3AEL, W1SZ, W2ANM, WIPV, W3CEB, WITA, W1KH, W9DLD, W9EEF, W9FQ, W7WU, W9ASV, W6EBJF, W1LM, W8ARC, W8APN, WICOS, J. Russell Thorburn, WS8RD, WI1AOD, WITP, W9EIW, W9CNY, W9BTX, W6EC, W3MC, WSCEO, WIBII, WIBGJ, C. F. Luscher, WIBED, W3AR, WI1AMG, W3ALQ, W1ARU, W2AUP, WIABE, W9CUO-W9FZB, W5BF, W5FJ, W9CA, W9DOE, W9GJ, W6EFA, W6BPC, WIBAQ, Leland C. Noel, W8FC, W2ANV, W9DTK, W8ABX, W1BNM, B. F. Greenia, W1MT, W9FI, W9DEK, W9EF, W6EEB, QS T FOR DECEMBER W3AIS, W9MN, W9CVI, WICAA, W2ANK, WIEW, WIEV, W9BBS, W5AMO, W9EGU, Lynn E. Axford, WsCVJ, W8DVO, W1BKS, Firmin M. Fiolle, W9ACU, W7ABH, William E. Cunningham, W3IF, W2BAQ, W2AJL, W8BAS, W9BPW, WS8AUL, W2ALU, W9BNI, W9ERM, WI1ANH, W4AGN, WSDSY, W8CNX, WS8ANZ, W9FBO, WS8BHD, W9AWX, W1BXH WI1BLM, W1AQL, W8AGQ, W9EJQ, W3WJ, WIBXA, WIBLX, WIAGC, WIAFL, W1HG, W1W2Z, W2BJK, W8CZM, W2BKN, W2ABY, W1BKJ, W1BZJ, WI1BLH, W8AKA, W8DYP, W9BCM, W3IE, W9ASX, V. D. Bust, W3JS, W2ACN, W38CY, WIBKG, W3ATJ, Wi1JJ, W9BHR, W9ERM, W9BMU, W9EPX, William Lohr, W9BMU, WS8AQU, W8QB, WS8DCE, NJ2PA, WINP, W3ZF, W3ADE, W2EV, WIWL, W3RQ, WI1ACH, W8CMB, WIAP, WIKY, W3CFG, WIBFA, George Earl Speirs, W1VR, W1ALJ, WIBOB, W2AGQ, WIATJ, W1JI, W1APK, WI1ANI, WI1ZAC, Wesley S. Blanchard, W8WJ, W38AWT, WS8CNU, WIBST, WIFV, WI1AVJ, WiCQ, WIAUR, W4GE, Francis W. Taylor, W1BFT, W4JO, W4DT. It is well to mention that one unsigned report was received, which, of course, will prevent proper credit being given it. The Navy Day Messages ANY of the participants have suggested the in- I clusion of the texts of the Navy Day messages. These are given below as transmitted by NAA and W1MK. The copies reproduced herewith are not guaranteed to be letter perfect as to punctuation and preamble as these texts are not intended for checking of “copy” but for the general information of those interested. From NAA.: To the radio amateurs of the United States from the Secretary of the Navy. Today marks the seventh anniversary of the ob- servance of Navy Day. This day is observed under the auspices of the navy league of the United States, with whom the navy cooperates to foster a better understanding of the navy by the American people. The navy day message is similar to that of last year, viz, a navy adequate to support our commerce and a merchant marine commensurate with our sea-borne trade. On this occasion it gives me pleasure to send the navy’s greetings to you. Like the navy the amateurs are imbued with the spirit of service. This has been evidenced on more than one occasion during the past year. I have in mind the Vermont flood, San Francisquita Canyon flood in California and two West Indian hurricanes that caused heavy damage to life and property in this country. Be it flood, hurricane or other emergency that interrupts normal communication lanes the amateur stands ready to fill the gap, not to mention the communications be- tween exploring and scientific expeditions and the homeland handled by amateurs. Last year’s message stressed the part the amateur played in the high frequency developments and in the advancement of the radio art in general. The field of radio is broadening every day. Radio is a necessity to aircraft, Television is already with us. I look to see the amateur continue to hold his place in the further advancement of the radio art. Radio is vital to the navy both in peace and war. In war time however the navy’s requirements for expert radio personnel are increased many times over those of peace time. The navy looks to you to form a large portion of its reserve of such ex- perts. That great American Theodore Roosevelt the anniversary of whose birth falls on Navy Day, stated: “A nation should never fight unless forced to but it should always be ready to fight.” Many of you who are listening in tonight are in the Volunteer Naval Communication Reserve. I am proud of the record this branch of the reserve has made the past year. As for the coming year, I hope to see many more of you join the communication reserve before next Navy Day, with a view to im- proving your state of readiness should your country need you for a national emergency in the future. Many of the leading amateurs of the country are in the Naval Communication Reserve. Ask them about it, They will be glad to give you information. I congratulate you all on your fine work in the past year and I will take a keen interest in your accomplishments during the coming year. Curtis D. Wilbur Ill

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From W1MK ! QST de W1MK W1MK WI1MK. This is the day hich the President of the United States ask pause from our daily affairs long enough to gz zht to our Navy. The American Radio I needs no prompting on such an oc- “A President of the ARRL, it gives me the t satisfaction to take the key of our head tation and ask every radio amateur in nt to salute his United States Navy and us thought to what the Navy repre- sent e modern days of rushing individualism we rone to forget some of the foundation stor which we stand. Our Army at home ar vy every where else are the physical . what our beloved Stars and Stripes They mean our Nation, our United nerica. Unless our Nation is strong i right our foundation stones crumble m has nothing to stand upon. Our Navy has a hundred and fifty years record behind it during which time American foundation stones solid and firn not forget it. Let us as radio tele- grat also realize that each one of us ha | responsibility in the matter. The er Na upon us as a reserve in case of nat ergency of any kind. It maintains a re nization for us. Many of us are en- rol All of us ought to be in one reserve or either the Army or the Navy. ARRL He will give you full information. Let th be your inspiration to enroll in the Na tomorrow. Perey Maxim, Lt, Commander USNR American Radio Relay League QST de WIMK HP VA Expeditions WFBT I that we can add to the information on ¥ hedules presented in these columns : Operator Berkner has been handling the his traffic from the Byrd expedition thr ALU, W2KR, W2BKB, W2BFY, W8AHC and WV W These stations have also been in comm mn with the other shis of the Byrd ex- pe November 5 the S. S, City of New Yor miles WSW of Tahiti bound for Wel- lingt ‘ hedule with W9EGU (7094 ke.) has beer t 1250 GCT daily offering another re- lial r traffic for WFBT (8800 kc.). WSBS The y message from “LJ” of the Yacht Carr Department of Terrestrial Magnetism brir to date. This message was sent Novem- ber rtly after the expedition shoved off from The Carnegie is due at the Easter Islar mber 20 but will not get mail again unti r at Callao, about January 29, 1929. Ar coil honeycomb receiver has been in- stal medium and long wave reception. Opera- ting limited to about two hours per day due t essure of other work. It is hoped that a ser interesting strength observations on varic wave stations can be started early next LJ’s” report follows: ‘We i at Colon on the morning of October la eded through the Canal to Balboa the same We remained here until October 25. WSI nable to operate auring the whole two weel t as the ship was supplied for that period cycle a.c. and the transmitter could not | ed on that. The schedule with MIMK has | ng FB as usual, WSBS now has one on T and Thursdays with W3SZ. Hope to reest ntact with W2XAU again soon. Calls worl VICEI, WIMK, W38SZ, W2HY, W3ANH, W2BI VSAVL, W2CCD, W2BAV, and ai2KW. We ha | head winds most of the time since leavin ma so we are not so far from there yet. | to cross the equator tonight. The weather “prisingly cool and it has been rainy. Radio and contacts have been uniformly fine ; next month. 78. . 4. Jones, Operator Yacht Carnegie.” TRAFFIC BRIEFS WS8COX of Cleveland keeps a schedule by radio. phone with W8HB, who is located five miles out in Lake Erie, at the Cleveland Waterworks’ station. It seems that there is no news available at W8HB except through W8COX. The Waterworks’ gang and the crews from tenders get quite a thrill out of hearing WS8COX read the paper to them every eve. ning. The gang at Comanche, Texas, put on quite an at- traction at the Comanche Round-Up. In their booth was the usual transmitter, operator, and message blanks for the free transmission of messages, which of itself was a good attraction. But the fellows, recognizing the “selling points” (to the public) of a radio transmitter, put the set through the antics of drawing sparks from the r.f. choke, lighting the frequency meter’s bulb with the transmitter (power transmission by radio!!!), and pointing out the mer- cury arc’s ghost-like glow. Crowds never failed to show an interest. The transmitter (W5HF) employed only one UX210. The aerial was hitched to a flagpole. Twen- ty-four hour operation was the rule, and messages were handled even for Scotland (it was free) and Egypt. FTJU is a ship in the north Pacific on about 7890 ke. (38 m.) Forty-Eight Hours The common stipulation that every ORS relay each message within forty-eight hours or, failing to do so, that he mail the message in order to insure its delivery, has been the cause of much local passing about of inter-continent traffic. In order to avoid this, W2BGO sent in the suggestion which has led to the following provision which will be found in the new Rules and Regulations: “Messages for all continents except North America may be held one-half the length of time it would take them to reach their destination by mail .. .” An instance of worth while traffic work recently was called to our attention. W3ATJ in Mount Holly, N. J., handled a message for a gentleman in Phila- delphia who had been trying all day to get a mes- sage of the gravest importance through to Chicago. We want to see more of this kind of work. Christen Syverud is the second op aboard AQE, the famous whaling vessel that is now in the Ross Ocean hunting the well-known cetaceous mammals. Both the chief op and his assistant are members of the League and invite QSO. Cliff Himoe, operator of WNP, is getting ac- quainted with the gang all over again by taking 4 trip in one of Henry’s new creations to the west coast. Portable W1ZZB helps to make the trip more interesting. In connection with the Marathon Swim around Alameda Island recently, W6JS, W6CKC, and W6RJ installed a set on a fast speedboat and reported the race to KTAB. Excellent work, OM’s!! Another snappy bit of work that comes to our at- tention was done by W8CHG. A Marine in Nica- ragua learned of his father’s death and wanted to come home. Not having enough money, he asked nn7NIC to help him out. W3CHG got the message, told the Marine’s mother, with the result that the money arrived the next day. FB! The Los Angeles Radio Show Beautiful was well represented by amateur radio in a booth constructed and manned by local amateurs. Thousands of mes- sages were handled to all parts of the world. Among Alaskan schedules, the most efficient one we have had brought to our notice is that of W7TX, who keeps three a day during the canning season with K7HL, K7AER, and K7ABE. FB, John!! QS T FOR DECEMBER | onmwrec ef 2 EE Shigeo? pmy302 oo, wa = “orcer ZFrmo ee ss ae ee eo ee | _ £& a aba at ate ie di

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it in 8HB and eve- | ate ooth sage hich >Ws, itics the wer ner- one jen- izes and out ing oid the ‘ica uld ” tly lly, la- id J e oe &Ow ty VOOQ Contact By Felix E. Batt, VESGT Natural History chose as its main objective in 1928, the quest of existing remains of ancient civilizations in the far Aleutian Islands. The party was under the co-leadership of Mr. H. Stoll and Mr. Harold McCracken and was consequently called the Stoll-McCracken Expedition- ary Party. The expedition was very successful in its venture, bringing back several excellent specimens of mummified bodies as well as much other “evi- dence” calculated to establish the “missing link” between Asiatic and North American civilization. Besides this, the party ha dthe good fortune to bag lots of walrus, and secured much valuable data on bird and animal life. Prince Rupert, the largest city on the northern coast of Canada, was selected as the starting point. On the third day of May the ship Effie M. Mor- rissey of VOQ fame, set sail from Prince Rupert, B. C., with Captain Bob Bartlett at the helm and Ed. Manley at the key of VOQ. Before the Morrissey had left port I had suc- ceeded in squeezing in a tri-weekly schedule between VOQ and VE5GT (then nc5GT), but I did not hold much hope for this since Manley had so many others. However, it turned out better than my wildest ex- pectations because Manley was soon asking for more (hi)! I stuck with the “sked” for fourteen days before I even heard VOQ. It was just when I had begun to despair of ever hearing the Morrissey that success came. On May 14, VE5GT worked VOQ off the Shumagin Islands in the Gulf of Alaska. Due to heavy seas, communication was not very satisfactory. Nevertheless, it was the first contact and that was what counted. Before this I had re- ceived a radiogram through nu6JU who handled one of VOQ’s main schedules informing me that I had not been heard but to keep on trying. This I did with ultimate success, From that time on, traffic moved with increasing volume and regularity. We kept up the schedule, with some breaks of course, right to the end of the voyage. Our first schedule was at 7 pm PST. As the days grew longer the hour was advanced until it reached midnight—and then two-thirty in the morning. We made our schedules at the times when signals were best because that meant a max- imum possibility of getting the traffic throuch. There were months when the signals were never more than QSA3. They were often poor and with QRM, QRN, and sometimes varying frequency (QSX) due to motion of the ship the work became difficult. Hours were required to get some of the messages through. Only through long waiting for improve- ment in transmitting conditions and by exercise of much perseverance was so much accomplished. I remember the first bit of real traffic handled. Sig- nals were poor, QRN heavy. It was necessary to couple the transmitting antenna to the receiver to broaden the tuning to make VOQ’s signals (which were swinging fiercely) copiable. The Morrissey was buck- ing heavy seas. With the set tuned to the limit, every nerve was keyed up to the final pitch and I scratched away desperately with my body tense, sometimes getting whole words, sometimes receiving only part. After it was all over my body went limp and perspiration broke over my forehead as I relaxed in the chair. When there was no traffic to be sent and signals were fair. I often sent New York Times’ press to Manley who was unable to copy it direct for long periods. Toward the end we stood by taking traffic from the Times and relaying it direct to Manley a few minutes after. There was one thing that the party felt the need of more than anything else and that was news. I did my best to fill the gap. An- other station that did a lot of real amateur work was K7HL (then na7HL) at Taku Harbor, Alaska. K7HL had the advantage of more power and thus kicked through better than we did at times. K7HL used to pass along traffic from the San Francisco Examiner to VOQ, most of this traffic originating of the Times’ station. Sometimes we were able to forward the messages direct 24 hours ahead of this routing, thereby adding a notch to our gun. My friends used to think me rather queer when I would leave a party, or insist on being home from a boat ride, or perhaps run hot foot out of a cafe to talk to the Morrissey. As observed in Heiser’s QS T FOR DECEMBER T HE expedition from the American Museum of account of last year (March 1928 QST, C. D. page 1) these people would wonder what possible incen- tive there could be for shutting myself into a red hot room in mid-summer to “listen to the radio”. As W8DME said, “Ask any real ham”. Although I am not married (and see no prospects for a while yet—hi), I think a single fellow has just as many ties to hold him away from a thing like this. At any rate, I held down all my schedules excepting one 2.30 “sked” when I fell asleep at two a.m. and never knew a thing until five a.m. Lots of times I have turned out the light while making the log entry, and kept on writing by daylight. Altogether I lost about two hundred hours of good sleep in five months—and I'll say it was well worth it. Toward the middle of the summer it got to be a regular habit for the Canadian National Telegraph messenger to come over to my place of work with a fist-full of messages for the Morrissey. The op- erator always used to phone me before clearing his wire for the night to see if we had any more traffic for him. On days when bad weather prevented contact, the town would beseech us for news from the Stoll-McCracken expedition. A couple of nice messages from KDGN were handled on one occasion when KDGN worked VOQ but was unable to get in touch with its base in Oregon, The 7,000 ke. band was used exclusively at VE5GT while Manley seldom worked on any other than his 9370 ke. (32-meter) frequency. VOQ was heard on eighty schedules and worked seventy-four times. Over 11,000 words were handled, these in 194 mes- sages (69 sent, 125 received). Only about 16% of the traffic received was press. In the file of mes- sages sent is one originated at London, England, and filed by cable. VE5GT used a T.G.T.P. rig, two 852’s in parallel with 1,000 volts on the plates supplied by an Esco M. G. On account of the reduced plate voltage the two tubes were run in this manner giving us about the output of a single 852 at full voltage. The two tubes ran very cool over the long periods of opera- tion necessary. The plate input averaged about 135 watts. The antenna was a two-wire voltage-fed (Zeppelin) type. The portable, VE5GU, battery operated, was used by operator Pete Davies and gave a good account of itself. I have to acknowledge the valuable assistance rendered at VE5GT by operator Davies as well as that of N. Kinslor, the station’s constructor, without whom I would have found it very hard at times. Near the end of the journey, as VOQ was nearing port, I was on the job at noon and six p.m. as well as later in the evening. I had to rush from work to the scene of operations and back again taking my lunch with me and gulping it down between the dots. At the time I furnished Captain Bartlett with the weather, obtained from the meteorological station at Prince Rupert. Before the Morrissey arrived, Mrs. Jacques, wife of the artist aboard ship came from New York to Prince Rupert to meet her husband. VE5GT was the medium of a successful preliminary reunion of husband and wife which was accompanied by quite an intense scene. The public has not yet gotten over the idea that messages received by amateur radio are not sent broadcast to every b/c set owner in the country. Mrs. Jaques in particular was at first horrified to think that her husband’s “sweet nothings” were being broadcast all over the world. I think very highly of Mr. and Mrs. Jaques and ker mother. They are wonderful people. As the Morrissey came up the harbor that clear, cold, starry night in mid-October we held contact until the time the expeditioners could see the lights of the city. Taking the last message sent by radio from the party we dashed to the telegraph office, phoned the proper authorities, and rushed out to meet the expedition in our own boat, the VE5GT-1. Meeting them about an hour out, we accompanied the ship to her berth. I shall never forget the sight of the ship as she slid through the night like a great Arctic spectre, and the docking of that famous ship amid the cheers from the land. Like W8DME, we also have received many letters of appreciation from people who have depended on us practically as their only means of communication with the outside world. It is gratifying to receive such letters, and they mean much to fellows like us ¥

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J¥ he (250 m.) 1:00 and receive anything from a venture of this experience. I am carefully preserving anected with the expedition as valuable In days to come we can look back on ride Mr. McCracken announced just that VE5GT was the winner of the magnificent walrus head as a token for the good services rendered the ur station. This will be the most » of all. It is hoped VES5GT’s per- : put the station in line for the H-tube. Ws DME, also. This is the second time pert amateur station has come into the work with Arctic expeditions. The of Jack Barnsley, nc9BP, with Don ting WNP, will long be remembered. ist another link forged in the long vhile accomplishments that amateur As the becoming more and necessity to the welfare of up throughout the world. the amateur is rowing nations. —_——@o—__—_—_ Wanted! teer transmitting stations are needed ast code practice for the beginners’ that we are conducting. Approxi- nners have responded to our recent Our supply of mimeographed ma- 1 by such a demand, will be revised Before this happens we shall need mitters over the whole country. are briefly, that you have a good : 1 be willing to spend several hours transmitting code practice in the 160 Radiophone stations particularly are } work; we have several of them it you would like to do some good t.R.L., and if you are equipped to do a line giving the schedule that you ers are to be added, with their 10:30 to 11:15 p.m., E.S.T. ) 10:30 to 11:15 p.m. E.S.T. band) 1:00 p.m., E.S.T. ng for code practice near the 7000 ke. it would be well to listen for GBR on m This station sends the British tarting at 7:00 p.m., E.S.T. A five ‘urs at 7:15 p.m., after which the until approximately 7:80 p.m., eee —— O 11 Broadcasting Stations Changes and Additions Local Standard Time) (82.9 m.) 6:50 pm daily ex- WwW 1AQL, 3500 ke. (80 m.) Mon., a. 5 WICDX, 3940 ke. (80 m.) 715 pm; WIAUR, 4000 ke. Fri., Sun, 8:00 pm; WIAJC, 7110 Thurs., Sat., 6:00 pm; W3QP, 3660 Tues., Thurs.; W6AMM, 7315 kc. fues. Thurs.; W6BWS, 7130 ke. (42 ly; WS8AGQ 7930 ke. (37.8m.) daily Sun. 11:30 am. W9CJQ, 3705 kc. Mon. Wed. Fri.; W9CZC, 3945 ke. Tues. (sometimes Thurs.) ; WRJN- 7:30 pm Mon. 7500 ke. (40 m.) 9 pm Mon.; (19.5 m.) 8:30 pm Wed.; VE4FV, ) 9:30 pm Sun.; VE4FN, 7790 kc. pm Wed. E4DB, ELECTION NOTICE To All A.R.R.L. Members residing in the Sections listed below: (The list gives the Sections, closing date for receipt of nominating petitions for Section Manager, the name of the present incumbent and the date of expiration of his term of office.) This notice supersedes previous notices. In cases where no valid nominating petitions have been received from A.R.R.L. Members residing in the different Sections in response to our previous notices, the closing dates for receipt of nominating petitions are set ahead to the dates given herewith. In the absence of nominating peti- tions from Members of a Section, the present incum- bent continues to hold his official position and carry on the work of the Section subject, of course, to the filing of proper nominating petitions and the hold- ing of an election by ballot or as may be necessary. Closing date for petitions specified of the present Present term of year on or before Present office ends Section noon of the dates SCM (1928) Western N.Y. Dec. 20 Cc. S. Taylor, WSPJ July 1 Louisiana Dec. 20 C. A. Freitag, W5UK Oct. 2 Nevada Dec. 20 Cc B. Newcomb, wévo West Virginia Dec. 20 Sept. 15. Alabama Dec. 20 C. S. Hoffman, W8HD Aug. 2 Philippines Nov. 28 A. D. Trum, W5AJF July I Southern Minnesota Dec. 20 Jose E Jimenez, oplAT, Virginia ay 20 Acting Dec. 2 er, . 20 D. F. Cottam, W9BYA Nov. 27 Ga.- -Cuba-P.R.- Isle” J. F. Wohlford, W3CA Dec. 2 ot “Pines Dec. 20 D. B. Lamb, W6ANO Dee. 2 San Francisco Dec. 20 H - Reid. W4KU Aug. 2 J Vv Patterson, WéVR a. ee Newfoundland and Canada Section Managers in should be addressed to Nominating petitions for Newfoundland and Canada Canadian General Manager, A. H. Keith Russell, VE9AL, 5 Mail Building, Toronto, Ont., Canada. To be valid, petitions must be filed with him on or be- fore the closing dates named. Newfoundland Dec. 20 Loyal Reid, VE8AR July 15 New Brunswick Dec. 20 T. B. Lacey, VEIEI Aug. 2 Nova Scotia Dec. 20 W. C. Borrett, WE1DD Aug. 2 P.E.1. Dec. 20 F. W. Hyndman, VEIBZ British Columbia Dec. 20 Aug. 2 Saskatchewan Dec. 20 E. 8. Brooks, VE5BJ Dee. 2 W. J. Pickering, VE4FC Dec. 2 Due to the resignation of Mr. Patterson, W6VR, in the San Francisco Section of the Pacific Division, effective at once, nominating petitions are hereby solicited for the office of Section Communications Manager, and the closing date for receipt of nomina- tions at A.R.R.L. Headquarters in Hartford is herewith specified as noon, Pecember 20, 1928. 1. You are hereby notified that an election for an A.R.R.L. Section Communicatious Manager, for the next two-year term of office is about to be held in each of these Sections in accordance with the pro- visions of By-laws 5, 6, 7 and 8. 2. The elections will take place in the different Sections immediately after the closing date for re- ceipt of nominating petitions as given opposite the different Sections. The Ballots mailed from Head- quarters will list the names of all eligible candidates nominated for the position by A.R.R.L. members re- siding in the Sections concerned. 3. Nominating petitions from the Sections named are hereby solicited. Five or more A.R.R.L. mem- bers residing in any Section have the privilege of nominating any member of the League in their Sec- tion as candidate for Section Manager. The fol- lowing form for nomination is suggested : (Place and date) Communications Manager, A.R.R.L. 1711 Park St., Hartford, Conn. We, the undersigned members of the A.R.R.L. re- ebiine Bm Che. ccccccccccces Section of the............ Division hereby nominate................... as can- didate for Section Communications Manager for this Section for the next two-year term of office. (Five or more signatures of A.R.R.L. members are required.) The candidate and five or more signers must be League members in good standing or the petition will be thrown out as invalid. The complete name, address, and station call of the candidate should be included. All such petitions must be filed at the headquarters office of the League in Hartford, Conn., by noon of the closing date given for receipt of QS T FOR DECEMBER Sees FEB omen e tl me Wane ees

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‘ions sing ‘tion otice Vv nominating petitions. There is no limit on the num- ber of petitions that may be filed, but no member shall sign more than one such petition. 4. Members are urged to take initiative immedi- ately, filing petitions for the officials of each Section listed above. This is your opportunity to put the man of your choice in office to carry on the work of the organization in your Section. —F Handy, Communications Manager. —_—_——_-@e——__—_ ELECTION RESULTS Valid petitions nominating a single candidate as Section Manager were filed in a number of Sections on or before the closing dates that had been an- nounced for receipt of such petitions. As provided by our Constitution and By-Laws, when but one candidate is named in one or more valid nominating petitions, this candidate shall be declared elected. Ac- cordingly election certificates have been mailed to the following officials: (These officials will welcome your monthly activity reports.) Section Address Northern Minnesota 2-year Term begins Carl L. Jabs, W9BVH, 1822 James St., St. Paul ; Oct. 20 Colorado C. R. Stedman, W9CAA, 1641 Albion St., Denver Oct. 20 Ontario E. C. Thompson, VESFC, 206 = dale Ave., Toronto t. 20 In the Rhode Island Section of the New England Division, Mr. R. S. Brown, WIAAL, and Mr. C. N Kraus, WIBCR, 92 Keene St., Frovidence, R, I. were nominated. Election results: Mr. Brown, 18; Mr. Kraus, 32. Mr. Kraus therefore has been declared elected, his term of office beginning October 31. As usual amateur radio was called upon to play a part in the handling of election returns in the recent national election. New Ashford, Massachu- setts, a town in the heart of the Berkshires, for the fourth time was the first in the United States to complete its vote earlier than any other place in the entire country. Two amateurs, Prentiss Bailey, operating WIBGD, and Walter Groves of WI1AXW at Pittsfield, Mass. flashed the count to The Berk- shire Eagle and the Associated Press at 6.34 a.m., as soon as the count had been completed. The vote was said to be the earliest ever tabulated and re- ported in a _ presidential election. Both accuracy and speed were essential in putting over this nice bit of amateur communication work. os sa ARMY-AMATEUR NOTES SECOND CORPS AREA—W2SC, the Corps Area Net Control Station, is on the air every night on 8855 ke. (77.2 m.) and is always ready for traffic of any nature, whether Army-Amateur or general. Western New York State Net: WS8DME has resumed the weekly net schedules that WSAHC formerly kept with W2SC. WSAHK is married now but will resume his A-A work in a short time. WSAFG, W&8CVJ, and WS8BFG are the active stations in the State Net. Eastern New York State Net: W2KR has been busy lining up the various county Net Control Sta- tions. The Net is functioning in fine shape. W2ANV is assisting in the organizing of the up-state counties ; and W2BGB is the New N.C.S. for Albany County. More A-A stations are needed in this locality. In- terested stations should send their QSL cards to W2PF. W2AND, W2JA, W2ALP, W2BCO, W2AJL and W2CZR continue as the active stations in their respective nets. New Jersey State Net: W2A0OS is acting N. C. S of the state owing to the temporary absence of W2CP and W2JG. W3ATJ is the new NC.S. of Burlington County. The time of the Net schedule has been changed to 11:30 p.m., E. S. T., on Monday nights. The monthly Army-Amateur A, R. R. L. meeting held at the Army Building, 39 Whitehall St., New York City, on the first Monday of each month have proved to be a great success. Over 800 amateurs attended the October meeting and even more are expected at the November meeting. Colonel Allison, the Signal Officer of the Second Corps Area, will be present and there will be a demonstration of Signal Corps short wave equipment. QS T FOR DECEMBER BRASS POUNDERS’ LEAGUE Call Orig. Del. Rel. Total WsCHC 422 103 750 1275 oplHR 186 176 629 994 WwéAMM 185 365 36 586 WiIMK 80 113 261 454 W9BEQ 375 14 32 421 WwsMQ 29 17 340 386 W6AJIM 34 2 340 376 W5AIN 88 56 216 360 WSDBM 81 22 240 343 WIAUF 328 —_ — 328 W9DWN 6 10 300 316 W1AMG 51 33 222 306 W9IDEA 32 24 215 271 WSAVK 18 21 228 267 W3AKB 9 40 217 266 WIAFB 13 17 234 264 W7AAT-QT 56 4 196 256 WIIP 33 9 211 253 WSEDW 5 7 240 252 K4AAN 131 11 109 251 WwsMQ 8 8 225 241 W2ALU 45 135 60 240 wsDGWw 4 8 228 240 W6EC 40 6 186 234 WS9AYK 116 8 108 232 WIAKS 28 13 186 227 W6BZR 2 8 216 226 WS8AHC 22 120 82 224 WwsCMB 30 54 140 224 W6ZBJ 6 2 206 214 WS8DED 49 28 130 207 W2BFY 26 47 133 206 WwsDSP 46 29 116 201 WIAUR 42 37 119 198 W2APV 52 116 5 173 W3ZF 36 90 39 165 Ww2KR 12 85 47 144 Wwiwv 33 57 53 143 W9BCA 18 54 66 138 WS8ARX 10 50 56 116 W6BAS 29 58 -- 87 Wé6BYZ 17 63 ee 80 W2BRB 16 62 —_— 78 WsCLQ 5 58 1 64 WSCHC holds first place in the ranks of our B.P.L. in spite of heavier traffic at op HR and W6AMM which moved them up to the head of the list. These three stations head our list for outstanding meritorious performance, All these stations appearing in the Brass Pounders’ League are noted for their con- sistent schedule-keeping and reliable message- handling work in amateur radio. Special credit should be given the following stations responsible for over one hundred DELIVERIES in the message month: W6AMM, oplHR, W2ALU, W8AHC, W2APV, W1MK, W8CHC. Deliveries count! A total of 200 or more bona fide messages handled and counted in accordance with A.R. R.L. practice, or just 50 or more deliveries will put you in line for a place in the B.P.L. Why not make more schedules with the reliable sta- tions you hear and take steps to handle the traffic that will qualify you for B.P.L. mem- bership also! W6DZL extracted the following travesty on the 23d psalm from World Wide Wireless: THE PSALM OF RADIO Radio is my hobby; I shall want no other. It maketh me to stay home at night, It leadeth me into much trouble. It draweth on my purse— I go into paths of debt for its name’s sake. Yea, though i understand it perfectly, it will not oscillate. The different kinds of notes—they comfort me; Yet it will not work in the presence of mine enemies. I anoint the coils with shellac, But the tube spilleth over. Surely the radio bug won’t follow me all the days of my life, For if it does I will dwell in the House of Poverty forever. vil

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WiMK Headquarters Station W1MK operates on 8575 ke. and 7150 ke. Robert B. Par- s chief operator. His “fist” is familiar ne amateur fraternity. Other members sarters staff use the personal “sines” QRA section of this issue when operating ters Station. this notice the times given are 75th otherwise referred to as Eastern or “Zone plus 56” time. st official and special broadcasts are sly on 8575 ke. and 7150 ke. at the . Mon., Tues., Thurs., and Friday. Monday and Friday. midnight): Sun., Tues., and Thursday. GENERAL OPERATION have been ar- w everyone who may desire to do so with Hq. These general periods fol- of the official broadcast messages are listed below under 3500 ke. and nes depending whether the watch is tening on the 80- or 40-meter bands. ) p.m. on Sun., Mon., Tues., Thurs., 1:00 p.m, on Tues. and Thurs. (No is sent preceding these.) 1:00 a.m. or later on Sunday night 1:00 p.m, on Sun., Mon., and Fri. 1:00 a.m. on the following nights morning of the day following): Mon., and Fri. Only on Tues. and Thurs. 1! broadcast precede this period. | from Headquarters will travel quickly of the following stations with which are kept. W1iACH, Brookline, Mass.; WIBIG, WIBQD, Newport R.I.; WIKY, WI1VB, Newtown, Conn.; W2JF, J.; W2SC, Woods Island, New York P, Philadelphia, Pa.; W3ZF, Philadel- S. St. Davids, Pa.; W8AAG, Oil City, Buffalo, N. Y.; WS8BYN, Columbus, Holland, Mich. ; W8ZZ, Detroit, Mich. ; f ke. band), Berwyn, Ill.; W9OX, VESAL (on 5720 ke.), Toronto, Ont W5AYH, Muskogee, Okla.; W5JC, San W6BMW, San Jose, Calif.; W6WB, ‘alif.; W6ZD, Berkeley, Calif.; W7TX, W9BCA, Ft. Madison, Iowa; W9BLL, Louis traffic); W9DWS, Kansas City, Minneapolis, Minn.; VE2BR, Pointe PA, Port Antonio, Jamaica, B, W. I. T ; WFBT, S. S. City of New York; 2@e TRAFFIC BRIEFS Angeles made a trip from Lake- helium plant at Fort Worth, Texas. rtment had no radio installation at and therefore called on amateur 5AVS's transmitter, consisting of an ke. (88 m.) was moved to the helium nto operation prior to the time the Lakehurst. was consistent throughout the trip ERM (the Los Angeles working on W5AVS was operated in shifts by $, Gordon Cail White, E. M. Frost, and The following report was given to ? nt upon the return of Los Angeles, ling Officer: an improvised amateur station at at Fort Worth, rendered especially atisfactory service. It is recom- this station be thanked in some ner by the Department for their and untiring efforts during the r excellent spirt of co-opera- tations ordinarily can not work promiscuously, a special order au- ition of NERM with W5AVS. This f what can be done by amateurs Good work, fellows!! These three- and four-element things that are instrumental in getting signals into and out of the air have been called tubes, valves, bottles, and jugs. We found a new name the other day in a report from VE3FC. He wanted to call "em lanterns. An- other one for the book, Noah! In 1929 the problem of increased selectivity on re- ceivers will be very important. Did you know that even two stations operating on exactly the same fre- quency can be separated if the proper method is used ? Doc Woodruff, WSCMP, has the dope and explained it to the gang at the West Gulf Division convention. It’s simply to make the receiver PORTABLE!! Have you heard of Doppler’s Principle? Of course you've noticed, when standing by the track as Number 17 flew by, how the pitch of the whistle changed the instant the locomotive passed you. That’s it: the pitch of approaching sounds is higher than that of receding sounds. In the same way, if your receiver is moving toward a transmitting radio station, the relative rate of the arriving radio waves is of course higher than when the receiver is at a fixed location or is moving away from the transmitter. Suppose W9XXX has a port- able receiver and, finding the WIXXX and W6XXX are transmitting on exactly the same frequency, he hitches his wagon to a star and begins cruising toward Wi1XXX. As W9XXX moves, W1XXX climbs up on the dial, while W6XXX moves down on the dial. By regulating the speed of the star, W9XXX can sepa- rate the two interfering stations with a nicety known only in dreams. (Alas!!) Doe also points out that it is possible to abandon loops as direction-finders. Suppose that W9XXX is W9DUMB and does not know that the first inspection district is east and the sixth inspection district is west. He wants to find their true bearing from his location, so he cruises in a circle, noting that when he is moving in a north-to-south direction the signals arrive at dial settings identical with those obtained when his star is stationary. Ergo: the transmitters, W1XXX and W6XXX, lie at right angles to his path or, east and west from W9DUMB. Further applying Doppler’s Principle, it is evident that plug-in coils are not necessary. Merely regulate the speed of the star either to or from the incoming signal, thus changing the frequency. The principle is OK—no kidding!!! W2BYO was racing against time the other day to keep his schedule on the Twentieth Century Limited traffic route. The Stutz was going ninety miles per hour when suddenly everything went blank. One man died and we understand that the schedule from W2BYO that night had to be postponed. Contacts between the United States and Canada would be much more numerous if U. S. amateurs would listen on the exclusive Canadian amateur band 5720 ke. (52.5 m.). VES3CJ, Canada’s Route Man- ager, tells us that from seven p.m. (E, S. T.) until midnight or later there are Canadians on 5720 ke. who are eager to work U. S. amateurs who are on either 7000 ke. (40 m.) or 3500 ke. (80 m.). The Canadians, after calling CQ on 5720 ke., will indi- cate on which band they will listen in this fashion: KA CQ CQ CQ de VE3CJ VE3CJ VE3CJ 3500 AR. Let’s get on to this 5720 ke. frequency with our re- ceivers and handle more Canadian traffic, fellows. If your receiver can not tune to 5720 ke., a new plug- in coil can be made to cover that band. Or. if you want to find the band more quickly, you can shunt your 7000 ke, receiving coil with a variable conden- ser, thus adding capacity which will raise the period of the circuit to a point where WLW’s high frequency radiophone broadcast comes in. When this point is found, the added variable condenser should be “fixed.” As WLW’s hich frequency transmitter is found just above (in kilocycles) and just below (in wave-length) the Canadian 5720 ke. band, you will have no trouble finding the spot. SWGL is an Athenian ship, Niritos, and has worked WSCCL on the 14,000 ke. band. W1MK will not operate on Christmas Day. This station will operate as usual Tuesday night, Jan. 1, 1929. QS T FOR DECEMBER

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jugs. port An- | re- that d is ined Lion, lave u’ve r 17 the the t of rard the hen way ort- xXx rard ) on lial. 2pa- own don tion est. ion, is rive his ‘ast ent ate ing ple lay ry ety ule da ATLANTIC DIVISION OUTHERN NEW JERSEY—SCM, M. J. Lotysh, W3CFG—First place continues to be monopolized by W38CFG. W3ATJ turned in first report as an ORS. W3BWJ promises some schedules. W3ARR turned in his initial report and expects to do better in the future. W3IV moved to New York. Appoint- ments of W3CO, W30Q and W2IS have been can- celled. Some of our prominent ORS are due for a buggy ride this month. To eliminate the hangers-on who habitually report no traffic, a monthly minimum of 5 messages will be effective Jan. 1. Any station that cannot get on the air five nights per month and average one message per night ought to be ashamed to keep their certificate. If you want to keep in the swim, come across with the goods. Traffic: WS8CFG 78, W38ATJ 7, W3BWJ 6. MD-DEL-D. of C.—SCM, Dr. H. H. Layton, W3AIS —Maryland: W3APX at Annapolis will be on shortly with a 50 watter. W8TR also at Annapolis reports that W3RQ is perking on 7000 ke. W3CGC sends in a good traffic total W3BBW was also on the job. Delaware: W3AJH shook the YL and is once more burning the midnight oil on 7350 ke. W3ALQ shouts his head off on phone when not moving traffic on 7500 ke. WS8AIS has a fifty watter perking. Dist. of Columbia: W3GT at Bolling Field and W2AF sent and received messages both ways between Washington and New York on speed test, beating Western Union by one minute. W3BWT will soon be back on the air with a brand new antenna. W3AHP reports a new 100 watt set soon to go into action. W3ASO is active in Washington. Traffic: Md. W3APX 6, W3BBW 43, W3CGC 96. Del. W3AJH 3, W3ALQ 2, W3AIS 6. D. C. W3AHP 39, W3ASO 16, W3GT 69. WESTERN NEW YORK—SCM, C. S. Taylor, W8PJ—Well, gang the bunch are still at it handling traffic with a few more additions to our midst. WS8BHA and WS8CHG are coming to the front. WSABX is working again. WS8AHC has over 200 messages to his credit this month and a couple of schedules. WS8AKZ is back with traffic. WSARX makes the BPL this month on deliveries. W8AVS reports traffic. WSBBP starts off handling traffic and schedules. WSBCM is QRW with school. W8BFG has a new screen grid _ receiver. WSBHA and WSBHK are handling traffic. WS8BLP is handling traffic. WS8BJO is another new one to our list. WSBLY and WSBMJ are after traffic. WSBQK has a few to report this month. WSBUP expects to be on steady now. WSCDB expects big things. WSCNT got message from RK-702, Lemingrad. Russia. WSCNX states things are going good. WS8CPC is pushing his traffic up again after a few months tay in Europe. W&CSW blew his 50 watter. W&CVJ wins the booby prize with just one message. WSDFW has been working on 14,000 ke. most of the time. W8DII makes the BPL again. WS8DME has schedules with several stations. He also states that WSAHC works the Byrd expedition every morning, WS&DQP lost his sky wire. WSDSP’s new QRA is Syracuse. W8&DUP is another addition to our gang at Martins- ville, N. ¥. WS8FC is another addition. WS8QB has busted loose again. WS8TH managed to put over a few boy scout messages. VE3DA, P. O. Box 10, Corbyville, Canada, wants schedules vith W's. Those who want schedules please write WSAYB, Mr. Harry Frost, 33 Huessy Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. Traffic: WSABX 5, WS8AHC 224, WS8AKZ 21, WS8ARX 116, WSAVS 15, WSBBP 60, WSBCM 17, WSBFG 4, WSBHA 37, WSBHK 15, WS&BLP 5. WsBJIO 71, WSBLV 138, WSBMJ 29, WS8BQK 4, WSBUP 7, WSCDB 43, WSCNT 77, WSCNX 82, WSCPC 31, W8CSW 20, WSCVJ 1, W&SDFW 16, WSDII 142, WS8DME 13. W&8DSP 201, WS8DUP 23, WSFC 61, W8QB 2, W8TH 7. WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA—SCM, A. W. Me- Auly, W8CEO—WSCHC, a new ORS, leads the pro- cession this month with one of the largest totals this section has ever had. WSCHC is also an OO. WSXE is back on the air with tubes loaned them by the General Elec. Co. WSBGW is an active re- liable station. WS8CEO is using a remote controlled transmitter working on a rigid copper tube antenna. WSRHW was QSO DFAL, the Norwegian Motorship “Markand” while it was at Barcelona. W&CNZ has another new job. W8CFR says that his old reliable Q S T FOR DECEMBER DIVISIONAL REPORTS sked sblAW left for the USA. He is trying to land a sked with sblAT. W8AMU is back on the air regularly after a spell of sickness. W8ABW was on for a nice total this month, W8AGO is on the road much of the time. W8AGQ is now operating regularly, WS8ARC is on occasion. WSAYH is over- hauling his transmitter. The Erie Amateur Radio Club held a banquet at the local yacht club Oct. 13 at which several of the West. Pa. hams in that city took part. The Amateur Transmitters’ Assn. of Western Pa. has nearly a hundred members. Some of the fellows have written that they have not re- ported on account of not having the report card. Report on a piece of wrapping paper if you can’t find anything else, but REPORT, A late report from the Erie Amatuer Radio Club correcting the call of the president of the club to WS8BVG and not as printed in Oct. QST. Also, some notes on individuals: WS8DOB has a RAC. power supply on his 3500 ke. phone. WS8GU is attending college in NYC according to reports. W8BVG has a 1929 transmitter on the test board at his shack. WSLS has disposed of his transmitter and will de- vote his time at WSAMA. Traffic: WS8CHC 1275, W&8XE 193, W8BGW 139, WSCEO 83, WSDHW 52, WSCNZ 36, WS8CFR 33, W8AMU 25, WSABW 25, WS8AGO 13, W8AGQ 6, WSARC 3. EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA—SCM, J. B. Mor- gan, 2nd, W3QP—Sixteen stations reported with an average of over 100 messages apiece. Four stations made the BPL in this section. W3RA is keeping a sked daily with neSWG. WSAWO says his new shielded receiver is the berries. W3CDS shows im- provement. W8ADE QRMed by power leaks. W3AKB takes her old stand in the BPL. WS8AVK has another new crystal. W3QP’s new wave is getting out better. WS8WJ wants more radio shows to raise traffic totals. The 20th Century Limited Express Route of W3ZF is still going well. WS8DHT is still having trouble with BCLs. Traffic: WSAVK 267, W3AKB 266, W8MQ 241, W8WwJ 178, W3QP 178, W38ADE 170, W3ZF 165, WSDHT 63, WSAWO 40, W8CWO 35, W3ANS 24, W3CDS 22, WS8RA 10, W3BFL 9, W3AFJ 6, W3AHZ 3. CENTRAL DIVISION ENTUCKY—SCM, J. B. Wathen, III, W9BAZ— W9ARU had to shin up 65 footer to replace a rope. He said he wasn’t scared—much. W9AUH gets R6 in EG but can’t QSO. W9AZY also lost antenna. W9BAN will soon be on again wtih a new house. Bet it’s asbestos. W9BEH is a big game hunter—shoots rats from shack door. W9BGA snagged his 5th continent and wants WAC tag. Our travelling man, W9BWJ, is drilling holes in Ohio. W9CEE wrote his report from classroom. Navy Dept. sent W9CRD a nice letter for his hurricane relief work. W9CRJ has a new antenna. W9JL sports 4 852’s and uses ‘em all at once, Whew! Working EE, EF, and EK in row is duck soup for W9ENR. Both ops of W9MN are busy with WHAS. W9DWQ and W9FQN have returned to the fold. Welcome, OMs. Traffic: W9CRD 41, W9BAZ 34, W9CRJ 28, W9OX 27, W9AUH 18, W9JL 18, W9AZY 10, W9BGA 10, W9ARU 6, WSBEH 4, W9DWQ 4, W9MN 3, W9ENR 2. ILLINOIS—SCM, F. J. Hinds, W9APY—W9AVY is taking over the operating of W9CN. W9CZT played “Blowie” with all his condensers. W9CNY is on 150 meter fone. W9ECR and W9GCJ will try 28 me. W9BNI dropped into Chicago for a_ visit, W9AFA blew the 250. Ex9CSW is on again with 10 watts. W9EJO has a schedule with the Byrd expedition. W9BTX plays chess over the air every Sat. night with W9ERU. The OW at W9AAE has just allowed him to get back on the air. Hi. W9EAJ has a new Zeppelin and mercury arc. W9ICNP has an 80 meter voltage fed Hertz. W9APY is erecting new mast and antenna, W9BZO is now remote controlled. W9ERU is Sec. and Treas. of the Rock- ford chess and checker club and is QRV for games over the air. W9DCK is now crystal. W9ML states the Bell Telephone network of hams is in no way commercial. Only Bell employees are eligible. W9DYL is experimenting trying to get the Xtal to work. Ix

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Ww 28 me. tests. W9CIA worked his 60th , QSO with AS-RA1l. The Waukegan, I arting a radio club. FB, OMs The Chik Traffic Assn, held its annual banquet wh great success. I W9BZO 83, W9EJO 77, WS9CIA 76, WoM WSDCK 56, WS9ACU 55, W9ERU 54, W WSEFCW 47, WYFO 37, W9ASE 36, Wo9D) W9AD 28, WS9ECR, 28, W9YEFD 23, wobt W9ALK 24, W9DOX 23, W9FHY 23, Wo! W9FDQ 19, W9APY 18, W9DGZ 18, W9ICZ We9CZT 16, WSCUH 13, W9AFB 10, wo W9CUO 9, W9BSH 7, W9BTX 7, W9BVP 7, W W9FDJ 7, W9EZQ 5, W9BRX 4, Wwol V9BNI 3, W9AHJ 1, WSEAJ 60. M s3CM, Dallas Wise, WSCEP—WS8CHT ha nitor box. W9EAY has a 1929 re- ceive r rts. WSAUB attended the Western M t at Holland with WSDWM and WBA CKZ has been QRW. WS8AMS is buildir . utfit, WS8BJQ has been keeping a jules. WSZF is ready with a new che WSCWN has a new 50 watter. ws moved WS8AAF works on 3790. ws n the job, WsCU handled one US WsBGY has gone down to 14,990 kes. WsA ng get the 1874 ke. transmitter at Cc mmission for the coming beginners w » fine class attending night school al ect a new bunch of operators before lor roing to install an 952 with mer- ipply WS8BLZ reports the Grand R r fine now. WS8DSF has a B battery ope WSDED is very QRW getting out the traf i keeping a bunch of skeds. The Ww. Radio Assn. held their meeting at wsl r 7th. The following were present: WSAA V8AJL, WSAHM, WS8AUB, WS8CHT, ws V8CI WS8DED, W8DUA, WsDVQ Wsl \ 107th Observation Squadron 32nd D \ t'l. Guard have installed a 100 watt self mitter at the hangar on Plymouth R t and will be ready to work the rea ) and 3900 ke. bands using the j f WSAM is the op in charge. Tr W8DVQ 10, WS8CAT 18, WS8CHT 3, Ww ' : 11, W8AUB 17, W8CKZ 4, W9CSI 22 WS WSCWM 30, WSAAF 3, W8BRS 16, WsCcl sY 75, wea B 8, W8BLZ 4, W9BTQ 2 W WSDCW 4, W8DSF 16, WSDED 207, Ww J CM, D. J. Angus, W9CYQ—W9AIN 1 . state with 440 messages. He is bi w crystal controlled set. W9DUZ char m Mishawaka to Nappannee and w 750. W9FQ is putting in a new er. W®9CFX is a new station at Nor W9ASX is putting in a new ante MQ has a new crystal controlled transr on 8500, W9CMQ is a new RM. Ww \ ng a new crystal controlled trans- n W°BZZ, W9FXM, W9FKE, W9EWQ . . ll rebuilding according to 1929 s ; W9AMZ is installing a transmitter ' W2MQ went back to TPTG. WOAI n have a 1929 set going. W9BIA tri for the 6th time but failed so is b VB has a battery operated trans- mitte F at Purdue, formally 9CRV, is oper his room. W9FVG is at Purdue. Wort W9DZX are in college at Angola. Now WwoIG W9RS has moved to Dayton, Ohio. WOE) ne in a crystal set. W9DBA again on at VW rton, Ind. W9CNC is putting in a new I AEB is putting in a 250 watter. WoEIT again on 7000. W9SDUK is on 375 , LL was visited by W8SBBH. W9FCG ha MG going. W9EF worked OA 118 Traff V9AIN 440, W9EF 92, W9GCO 34, W9ASX V9FCG 36, WSCLL 12, W9BKJ 14, W9AEI VODBA 10, W9EGE 6, W9EKW 65, W9EP VOAIP 21, WS9GBF 21, W9DSC 30, Wwocl V9EVB 2, W9EKW 27. W9CMQ 11, W9BZZ PH 2, W9FXO 1, W9FXM 1, W9FQ 38, W WS9ASX 34, W9DUZ 1, W9CYQ 15. wIs SCM, C. N. CRAPO, W9SVD— WoBW leader this month. W9EMD has beer t for a time due to illness, W9DLD tric : transmitter but had tough luck. WOE ne three schedules. W9SDEK is trying he boys he met at the Convention. WODT!I ng schedules with WSDED and W9DGYV ) has schedules with W9ASX and Worl perates on 14 mc., 7000, 3500 and x 1750 ke. W9GAO is reporting consistently. W9EYU has rebuilt the old haywire outfit. W9CVI con- tinues his totals. W9EUH gets out fine with 180 volts on 3 201A tubes. W9FAW is on 80 every morning. W9EWN is handling his share of traffic, W9BWO tried 160 for a short time. W9DZZ says his schedules went hay wire for two weeks on account of skip distance. W9FSV reports. W9EBT and W9ASL are on yet. W9DNB is rebuilding for 1929. WYEEF is on 7000 ke. now and then. W9BIB is handling some traffic when he isn’t grinding crystals. W9VD is again rebuilding. Trafic: W9BWZ 132, W9EMD 110, W9DLD 101, W9SBPW 100, W9DEK 88, WS9DEK 76, W9FSU 64, W9SO 52, W9GAO 48, WSEYU 45, W9CVI 339, W9EYH 34, W9FAW 21, WS9EWN 19, W9BWO 139, W9DZZ 17, W9FSV 11, W9EBT 7, W9ASL 1, W9EEF 2, W9DNB 1, W9BIB 1, W9VD 11. OHIO—SCM, H. C, Storck, WS8BYN—The old regular, faithful gang are plugying away. W8DBM leads again. WSCMB was second. W#CNO strove mightily but fell a little short of BPL. WS8CXD has been working the Byrd Expedition. W8CFL has been having a lot of tough luck. WS8BBR is still blowing filter condensers. WSAQU has a 1929 trans- mitter. WSCRI will have his ORS soon. WS8CSS has several good schedules. WSBAU hopes to have a new crystal soon. WSCXW has been put on the honor roll by the Sec. of Commerce for his fine work in the Florida disaster. FB, = WS8DBS blew his 50 and is getting an 852. WS8DDK is still experimenting. WS8CAU and WS8EQ are on again. WS8DDF sends his total WS8CNU is going to find out how good these 222 rigs are. WSCFT had over 700 QSOs this month. WSDVL reports for the first time. WS8DJV is QRW school. WSAPB broke his mercury are tube. WSBAC is rebuilding entirely. WS8ARW has a good neon tube wavemeter built for 1929. WS8DIA is on occasionally. WSDSY is QRW work, WS8BSR is coming along nicely. WS8EJ re- ports a party at W8UP’s new home. WS8AYO was on. WS8ADS is runner-up for ORS. WSAOE’s trans- former broke down. Tough luck, OM. W8DMX will have a couple of 50 watters going soon. W8GZ is on now and then. W8DTC repaired his MG; W8ADH now is WS8ALC. WS8DJG is going to be on regularly soon. WS8DHS has almost everything necessary for rebuilding. WSDPF has trouble with his power supply. WS8BKM needs a new stick up for his aerial. WSBAH has moved to Springfield, Mass. WSBYB is well started. WSRN will be with us again about Dec. 5th. WS8PL is not on the air yet. The SCM is rebuilding a little for 1929. Traffic: WS8DBM 343, W8CMB 224, W8CNO 165, W8CXD 71, WSCFL 67, W&SBBR 64, WS8AQU 46, WSCRI 44, W8SCSS 40, WS8BAU 387, W&8CXW 34, WSDBS 31, WS8SDDK 31, W8CAU 29, WS8EQ 28, W8DDF 26, WSCNU 24, WSCFT 21, WS8DVL 20, WSDJV 20, WSBYN 20, WS8APB 17. W8BAC 16, WS8CPQ 14, W8SARW 11, WSDIA 8, W8DSY 8, W&8GL 6, WSBSR 6, W8EJ 5, WSAYO 5, W8ADS 4, W8AOE 4, W8DMX 4, W8GZ 3, W80Q 3, W8DTC 2. DAKOTA DIVISION OUTHERN MINNESOTA—SCM, D. F, Cottam, W9BYA—W9COS has been busy testing. W9DOP is rebuilding. W9EFK works WFBT. He is building a 222 receiver. W9DMA says traffic is pick- ing up for a change. W9BFO had his station out to the fair and handled a little traffic. W9EYL has overcome key clicks. W9DBC is building a new power supply system. W9AIR says our favorite word “junk” does not apply to the 1929 outfits and that it is a real pleasure to use one. W9ERT is on the job, on 14 me, W9BHZ has been hunting in North Dakota. He sent out CQs with a duck caller and got the limit. Now he’s strong for ducks. W9DGE has five more trips on the barge line before tying up for the winter. W9BKX is ready for traffic. Traffic: W9COS 41, W9DOP 27, W9EFK 12, W9DMA 11, W9BFO 10, W9EYL 9, W9SDBC 6, WS9AIR 65, W9ERT 4, W9BHZ 2, W9DGE 1 SOUTH DAKOTA—SCM, D. M. Pasek, W9DGR— Johnny is still at the top in traffic, even tho he was off 80 for quite a while when he lost his antenna. Common, gang, let’s see if the rest of us can’t raise our totals some. W9DNS reports several skeds and that ex9DES is now W6BCS and that ex9BQV is now W7ANV. W9DRB and W9FQX are rebuilding. W9DLY is traveling around the state working for the tele- phone company. W9DB manages to operate a little in spite of the BCLs. W9EUJ worked both coasts and the gu'f in one hour with an A tube and B QS T FOR DECEMBER W th nk in — maxnuseaua Aor ae eae eo SO

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ld ve .D as ill 3s- 1e 1e il batts. W9DIY and W9AGL are busy with their BC stations. Traffic: WSDWN 316, W9DGR 53, W9DNS 465, W9DB 11. NORTH DAKOTA—SCM, Bert W. Warner, W9DYV —The fall weather is putting the run on the QRN. W9DM is doing some rebuilding and is very QRW with school work. W9CDO is going to make the wind- mill run his battery charger so he can run his dynamotor for plate supply. W9CUT is attending school but finds time to handle some traffic, keep the good work up, OM. W9BVF, the new RM, comes across with a nice bunch of traffic and says he is building a 1929 transmitter. Best of luck, OB. W9DYA keeps plugging away, Traffic: W9BVF 22, W9CUT 10, W9DYV 4. NORTHERN MINNESOTA—SCM, Carl L. Jabs, W9BVH—This report comes again from W9EGU— the old SCM. W9EGN comes into the picture with a nice even hunderd in traffic. W9EGU has his crystal set finely tuned now and is working regularly, keep- ing schedules and working DS besides. W9FFU is working on his 1929 set. W9DPB reports bad weather for radio. W9EHO was only able to keep his one schedule this month. W9CTW says he can’t get a DX receiver going. W9ABV is leaving for school. W9ERB works mostly on 3500 ke. W9CF reports traffic. W9CIY is all set for 1929. W9EHI is getting some meters and reports a new ham in Duluth, viz: W9FZM, working everything with 300 volts on a 201A tube. W9DOQ is ready for 1929, since W9CKI and W9EHI hooked on his rectifier. W9BCT has moved to Ft. Snelling. W9AKM has been on the air a lot. W9EGF sent in his report from Galesburg, Ill. W9BMX lost his plate transformer. W9BVH will be on with his new 1929 transmitter as soon as he installs an antenna. Traffic: W9EGN 100, W9EGU 42, W9FFU 82, W9DPB 30, W9EHO 22. W9CTW 16, W9ABV 14, W9ERB 13, W9CF 9, WSCIY 8, W9EHI 5, W9DOQ 3, W9BCT 2, W9AKM 1, DELTA DIVISION RKANSAS—SCM, H. E, Velte, W5ABI—Fellows, we had the honor of handling the most traffic in the Delta Division last month. Let’s see if we can’t keep up the good work and show them what Arkansas can do. W5CK has requested that his ORS be cancelled for since the death of his father, he is very busy with the banking business. W5AQX is a new ORS. W5AITP is going to be on with a 250 watter soon. W5QV will be on with a 180 meter fone and a 40 meter c.w. before long. W5ABI handled some traffic. W5HN is rebuilding for 1929. W5ANB is operator at KLRA. W5PX is operator at KGHI. W5BCZ is busy with BCL sets. W5AMX is a motion picture operator. W5IQ has finished rebuilding his transmitter. W5ZAA is getting out consistently with a 210 tube. W5AUU has turned into a battery expert. W5EP is on with a fifty watter. W5SS has a new 55 foot pipe mast. W5AAJ is back with us. W5DD is also back. He has a new 3500 ke. transmitter en- closed in plate glass. W5ARA reports that he is getting out well. Traffic: W5AQX 5, W5IQ 8, W5ABI 21, W5EP 7, r5SS 1, W5AAJ 20, W5ARA 12. TENNESSEE—SCM, Polk Purdue, W4FI—This is the new SCM’s first report and finds this Section rather inactive. Get your reports in, fellows, and let’s put Tennessee up where it belongs. W4SP writes a nice letter reporting for the Knoxville gang. W4FX has a new 852 going. W4ABZ has rebuilt, and will be our new Route Manager if he wants the job, W4DG is rebuilding. W4AHD is on quite often. W4GL paid the SCM and W4FU and W4HE a visit a short time arn W4ARR is active and reports working NJ, NL and NP. W4BU is on frequently. W4NL is about the only active station in Nashville. The SCM will be very glad to receive reports from all who take an interest in amateur radio in this section. We need more ORS: here is your chance to get into the work, OMs. MISSISSIPPI—SCM, J. W. Gullett, W5AKP— W5AJJ has moved to New Orleans. We are sorry to lose you, OM. 15FQ reports schedules with W6ARV, W6DUO and W4KY. W4LU paid W5FQ a visit. W5ANP has business QRM. W5LY is now on 175 meters using fone and he has lots of fun up there. so he says. W5AED is thinking of a crystal control transmitter. W5AKP is having good lIuck lately. QS T FOR DECEMBER W5BBX was hurt in a foot ball game. We hope that he will recover at an early date. I am again calling the attention of the Mississippi gang to the fact that they must report every month if they want to keep in good standing as an ORS. Traffic: W5AKP 53, W5FQ 17, HUDSON DIVISION ASTERN NEW YORK—SCM, F. M. Holbrook, E W2CNS—W2BFF and W2BGB are our newest ORS. W2ABY handled traffic from New Haven Radio Show. W2AXX is getting his 1929 transmitter in shape and has helped W2ACK on the air. W2BKN is keeping good schedules with KFR6. W2AYK has a new car. W2SJ operates Morse lines and control board at WGY when not agitating bug at W2SJ. W2BGB has filed application for N. C. S. for Albany County Army Amateur. W2ACD is on every day after 6 p.m. W2BPV, ex-8BQK, is trying to put Schenectady on the map. W2AGR attended Cambridge Radio Club and handled message for W1IKY on her set. W2BOW is still playing with television. W2ANS is elated with a new shield-grid receiver. W2ACY reports many new hams starting. W2BHV has an 852. W2AAN has a new QRA. W2JE overhauling the set for 1929. W2APQ is waiting for new 50. W2BIE and W2BNF anxious to form Westchester Radio Club. Traffic: W2BFF 97, W2ABY 64, W2AXX 28, W2BKN 16, W2AYK 13, W2SJ 12, W2ANV 11, W2BGB 8, W2ACD 7, W2BPV 6, W2AGR 4, W2CNS 1. NEW YORK CITY & LONG ISLAND—SCM, M. B. Kahn, W2KR—The usual reliable stations are con- tinuing their fine work and New York is still carry- ing most of the traffic from Byrd’s expedition through W2ALU. W2KR, W2BRB and W2BFY who maintain daily schedules with the fleet of ships bound for the Bay of Whales. Manhattan:W2ALU has a new transmitter on the air. W2KR is going to rebuild. W2ANX is back on the air with a 1929 set. W2BGO tries to ar- range skeds with most every station he works. W2AFO is rebuilding for 1929. W2BNL reports. W2BCB has a fine transmitter going. Bronx: W2APV has been delivering plenty of mes- sages to people in N.Y.C. due to his nightly sked with NJ2PA. W2BPQ is a very active station and is due for an ORS. W2BBX was forced to resign his Route Manager’s job due to work and co'lege (Sorry to lose you, OM—SCM). W2AET is off on account of rebuilding. W2CYX reports. Brooklyn: W2BRB is handling plenty of traffic from WFBT on 20 meters. W2PF is very busy with his Army-Amateur work. W2CRB moved and is on 14,000 ke. with low power. Long Island:W2BFY, who has been keeping L. I. on the map, is leaving us and moving to New London, Conn., where he will sign W1ANG in the future. W2AVP still keeps up his traffic. W2ASS reports that the Nassau Radio Assn. has a good start, a good transmitter and twelve good (7) operators so far. W2AVB expects to be on very soon with a new 1929 rig. W2BO will soon have his new transmitter on the air. W2ALS will soon be on with a new outfit. Traffic: Manhattan: W2ALU 240, W2KR_ 144, W2ANX 32, W2BGO 24, W2AFO 21, W2BNL 6, W2BCB 6. Bronx: W2APV 1738, W2BPQ 52, W2CYX 32, W2BBX 10, W2AET 3. Brooklyn: W2BRB 78, W2PF 26, W2CRB 6. Long Island: W2BFY 206, W2ASS 58, W2AVP 79, W2AVB 10. NORTHERN NEW JERSEY—SCM, A. G. Wester, W2WR—W2CTQ had the misfortune to have his new mast come down. W2JC is still operating on 7000. W2CJD had to dismantle the works due to paints working in his shack. W2JG is all set up again and is going out to find traffic. W2BDF has a small transmitter on 7000 while the large transmitter is under construction. W2ANG is on every night from 8 to 11 p.m. W2CJX has resurrected some of his 500 cycle equipment from spark days. W2BY re- ceived a report from Poland. W2IS has installed a MOPA which works fine. W2A0OS is acting NCS for the Army in N. J. W2BJI is now permanently lo- cated at the YMCA building in Hackensack. W2BGG is on 8500 and handles a good amount of traffic. W2BIH and W2BIW are on the air quite regularly. W2GE is still at Netcong with the A. T. & T. Co. Traffic: W2JC 8, W2CJD 4, W2BDF 7, W2ANG 12, W2CJX 6, W2BY 3, W2IS 4, W2BGG 26, W2AOS 29. xI

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MIDWEST DIVISION COM, H. W. Kerr, W9DZW—lIowa has ] ations in the BPL this month. Fine work ve—now let's increase that number next see to it that Iowa is at the top of the 4, again heads the list but leading close WSEDW and W9DGW. W9EDW has ul ed with the Byrd Expedition and declares ‘ until the South Pole is polarized. W a new Zep working on 7000 ke. and 5 h five skeds, QRV all directions. W9BCA eries with 54 for the BPL list. W9EHN the OBS list with skeds at 7:15 pm daily or 7700 ke. except Sunday. Herm tied w ZC on this month’s totals. W9CKQ is with oa-5HG. W9EJQ is lining up lay chain. W9CUX is commercial op Puritan but will be on at home for * W9FJA is originating messages around th Seems as though we should increase the essages originated in Iowa above 119. W9DEA 271, W9EDW 252, W9DGW 240, W . W9CZC 59, W9EHN 59, W9DZW 41, w l, W9FJA 21, W9SCVU 19, W9BP 12, Ww WSEJQ 6, W9DPL 5, W9ASM 5. A? SCM, J. H. Amis, W9CET—W9FLG ‘ tion. W9CFN has QRM from school. WM two xtals. W9SBHR has a one tube M V9CET sold his 222 receiver to Himoe of w? W9DFY lost his power transformer. Wo! a nice bunch of skeds going, W9HL bunch of skeds lined up and can Qs} and 14,000 ke, W9BII is sending de on 1880 ke. every night from 7 to 8. wo ng strong on 3500 ke. A new RM will . oon. W®9SBPL receives a letter from NI ays he will be on again Nov. 15th. I eal YL now and says she will soon f is back from Cuba. BPL 14, W9LN 56, W9CKV 36, W9BII ; W9DFY 12, W9CET 82, W9DIH 14, W W9FLG 114, W9BHR 18. p SCM, C. B. Diehl, W9BYG—W9ANZ tal on 7050 ke. W9QY and W9EEW , nese days. W9DFR says his new RA WSDUR and W9FAM are rebuilding, Ww t led his outfit. W9DNC sends us . 1 W9BOQ has a new dynamotor. W hool. W®9OBBS is rebuilding. W9CDB ished now. Mrs. W9BYG has been r ther for a couple of weeks so OM Ww had all of his time to put in on +} ANZ 6. WO9DVR v W°OCHB 9. M, L. B. Laizure, W9RR—Activity to a climax with the radio show r messages were dispatched from t W9ZK has two new 1929 Considerable traffic was handled month. W9BEU handled some a nightly sked with OO-BAM W with a 250. W9SBMU is also QRV for UD had school QRM. W9IDLB is with WSDAE. W9DSU got his tuff WO9FFW sends his first report. Ww 852 hooked up in a TPTG layout. w nd in a good report of skeds. Wal ving considerable rectifier trouble. Ww for the first time. The 20th Cen- t has been extended into Missouri V9IDAE. W9OBBO lost his mast and 7, W9FAM 39, W9DI embers W9BSV and W9SBUL are re- I IM ¥ on a few times when home fron V9ASV is hooking S. W. Mo. up with h W9DKG W9FEQ is on regularly. Ww W®DKG says skeds are doing wonders handled some official traffic to Braz M applied for USNR and kept a few W9AIW is in the U. of Mich. yerated from WSCNS. W9BJA FVM reports for the first time SEUA sends his last report as he rne, Fla. W9CDF is back home. wor ' Byrd Expedition traffic. W9FBF ker : ] with WSIK and W9FSI. " mS td har W9oF? ked with W9FBO W9SDWK m traffic. W9AYK hit the BPI The SCM depends on W9AYK hit month. The SCM depends on WOA" t of his traffic due to inability to match hours with anyone else.. W9GBC repor as did W9AYK. W9BQS rebuilt the works, W9EPX sends in a very complete repom by card and letter. W9DMT kept an irregular sked with W7LE. Kansas City stations are trying to make up for,small numbers by more intensive activity per station. W9EQC hit the BPL and kept several skeds, the most DX sked with W6BTX. W9FIO keeps skeds east and south and is getting out well, traffic for Joplin and vicinity will move readily via W9FIO and W9FEQ. W9RR is on for traffic on 3500 ke. band at 12:30 noon and after 1 am CST daily ex. cept Sunday. W9DQN will resume skeds soon. Traffic: W9BEQ 421, W9ZK 86, W9BEU 42, W9DZN 30, W9IBMU 27, W9DUD 13, W9DLB 8, W9DSU 2, W9EPX 16, W9DMT 10, W9ECS 23, W9GBC 7, W9AYK 232, W9DWK 3, W9FNJ 339, W9CDF 13, W9EUA 25, W9FVM 23, WOBJA 61, W9DVF 2, W9ERM 10, W9CJB 22, W9DKG 17, W9EUB 4, W9ASV 46, W9DAE 85, WS9DHN 7, W9FIO 10, W9DQN 14, W9EQC 112, W9EMH 13, W9RR 79. NEW ENGLAND DIVISION EW HAMPSHIRE—SCM, V. W. Hodge, WIATJ N —WI1IP again leads us. WIARW is just getting started in Manchester. W1AUE sends in a fine total. WIBFT has a MO-PA going on 7000 ke. He reports WIBK, W1IH, W1BLA and WIAIA active in Durham. WIAUY says lots of QSO’s but not much traffic. WIAFD is back on 3500 and anxious for traffic. WIAEF’s 1929 transmitter is perking FB. WI1JN reports. WIANS sends in a good report. WIBST in Berlin is getting out fine with his new transmitter. The SCM has received his commission as Ensign in the Naval Reserve and would like to hear from anyone interested in enlisting in the USNR. Traffic: W1IP 109, W1ATJ 98, W1AUE 53, W1BFT 33, WIAFD 26, WIBST 17, WIANS 16, WIAEF 9, WIAUY 1. MAINE—SCM, Fred Best, W1BIG—The Route Managers, as lined up for the coming traffic year, will be: WICDX, southern and western Maine; WIAUR, Central Maine; WIAQL eastern Maine, and WI1ANH, northern and northeastern Maine. Maine is particularly lucky to have so many qualified traffic men, and it is our hope that Maine regains her old prestige as a real traffic section. W1AQD and W1AQL are Official Observers. OM and OW WIAJC send in a fine total. Mrs. W1AJC reports a new ham in Portland, WICTR. WI1AUS handled a good string. He is lining up the hams of Lewiston and Auburn and hopes to form a club soon. WI1ART reports hearing K-FR6. WI1KQ with a beautiful note on 3500 ke. turned in a fine total. W1AHY gives us a fine initial total. WIAQD, our 28 me. pioneer, did some real work this month. WIBIG rebuilt his outfit and now has a 1929 model. WI1ASJ is located on 3500, 7000, and 14,000 ke. W1COV has hopes of being an ORS soon. WIBFZ will be back on the 3500 ke. band. Traffic: WIAUF 328, WIAUR 198, WICDX 54, WIBIG 48, WIANH 41, WI1AJC (OW) 37, WIAUS 34, WI1ART 27, W1AJC (OM) 19, W1AQL 17, W1COV 14, W1KQ 12, WIAHY 11, W1AQD 8. WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS—SCM, Dr. J. A. Tessmer, W1UM—WIBWY says the Springfield Radio Association is active. QRH is 7100 ke. WIEO is on 3500 and 7000. W1AKZ’s new QRA is 67 Halford St. WI1AJK, the very active secretary of the W. R. Assn., pounds brass weekly (not weakly) with the Naval Reserve. WI1BKM is reporting himself on 3710 ke. W1AMZ is still plugging away at school. WIBSJ can almost always be found at WIBWY. W1ADO has joined the Naval Reserve. Much credit is due him and W1ASU and the score of operators handling the 240 messages of the Worcester Radio Show of which 177 were sent from the point of origin throuch WI1BCO. WIANT keeps schedule with W2SC Mon- days, Wednesdays and Fridays, 9:30 pm. Please look for him on 3620 ke. for official broadcasts. The Worcester Radio Assn. thanks WIBLV, WIBWY and WI1AAW for handling such a great number of mes- sages for them. All hams are cordially invited to at- tend the Sun. morning talks at the headquarters of the Worcester Radio Assn. 274 Main St., Room 301, at 10:45 am. Traffic: WIRCO 189. WIRWY 8&0. WIANT 56, WIRKM 20, W1EO 12, W1AKZ 10, W1UM 5, W1ADO 2, WIFG 2 VERMONT—SCoM, C. A. Paulette, W1TT—WI1CGX takes the hich mark this month. W1YD is getting on the active list now. WIBJP is still QRW with his work. W1A00 has to work until 9 pm yet he turns QS T FOR DECEMBER OR: give o" fi Y V R V q c V 1 f t j

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reporm r sked ing to ctivity several in a report and is keeping a sked besides. W1AJG has been very QRW. WILIT has dusted the old set off. W1BCK has been traveling. Any station not an ORS is invited to report. Due attention will be given your reports, OBs. Traffic: W1CGX 68, W1AQO 59, WIBJP 12, W1IT 8, W1YD 6, W1AJG 4, CONNECTICUT—SCM, C. A. Weidenhammer, W1i1ZL—Our honor roll this month includes WI1AMG, WIAFB and WIMK. We neglected to mention that W1ASD was honored in the same fashion last month. WITD and WIBNS were other stations with totals of over a hundred. WIVE had a new antenna in operation only a few days when an irate BCL cut it down. WIPE is using a 210 on 3500 ke. and expects his brother, W1AZR, to open up soon on 7000 ke. with a 50 watter, WIVB is still busy on 3500 kc. WI1HJ is using a 210 in the TP-TG circuit and is attempting to work his brother in the Philippines. WICTI and WI1BWM paid the Danbury gang a visit recently. W1ATG is expecting to return to the air with a “bang” shortly. W1AMC is studying hard to get good grades. WI1AMG is going “great guns” on 7000 ke. W1BMG is back with an 852 on 7000 kc. WIBJK is busier than ever with his telephone work. W1BGC has been exploring the mysteries of the Zeppelin antenna. W1AFB not only made the BPL this month but also worked a station on a rubber plantation down on the Amazon. He put fifty messages across the Atlantic. FB. WI1TD reports that the T. C. R. club had an exhibit at the New Haven Arena Radio Show through which 270 messages were handied. W1BHM is active now on both 3500 and 7000. WI1BNS is very busy with football. He is on 3500 ke. and ready for your traffic, though, WI1BI-W1BQH is the happy owner of a commercial ticket. W10S was visited by five out-of-town hams called during the month. The YL is getting splendid reports on her B battery set. WI1IM has been appointed one of the Jenkins Honor Roll Radiovision Reception stations. Nice work, Cliff! WI1MK was heard and called by G5ML at 6 o'clock a few evenings ago. Who said the 3500 ke. band could not be used for DX? A hay-wire set with a 210 was hooked up and W1ZL worked W6BAX on 28 mc. The SCM is having difficulty in finding enough room for a decent 3500 kc. antenna. WIRP has erected a new Zeppelin antenna. WIBLF is very busy with auto repairing work. Traffic: W1VE 33, WIPE 32, WIVB 29, W1HJ 21, WICTI 19, W1ATG 6, W1AMC 7, W1AMG 306, W1BMG 5, WIBJK 7, WIBGC 8, WIAFB 254, WITD 146, W1BHM 10, W1BNS 103, W1IM 9, WIRP 30, WIMK 454. EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS—SCM, E. L. Battey, W1UE—WIAKS again leads in traffic with 227 msgs. FB. W1WV makes the BPL with deliveries. W1LM reports early. W1AAW is active. W1CQ keeps 35 schedules per week. WIBBT is doing good work. It is with much regret that the SCM announces the passing away of W1IU of Concord who although 70 years of age, was one of our most active hams. WIRF, WIBDV, WIGP and WI1UE are studying hard. WIKH paid W1MK a visit and says it’s a wonderful station. WIKY is kept busy with her RM work and schedules which she keeps. W1AXA and WI1PB are back on the air. WIBVL worked W6UF on 28 mec. WIAZE is on. W1APK heard signals from the Graf Zeppelin. WINK anticipates sending play-by-play report of Revere-Nashua football game to WITA. That’s real amateur work, OM. WI1ACA is on 150 meters. WI1CMZ has worked all continents but Asia. WIRY copied the Navy Day broadcast. W1FL was in the hospital. W1ACH is keeping schedule with W1IMK twice a week. WIASI is QRW BCK work. WI1BIX is active. WIRL has new shack built in his cellar. WISB has new antenna system. Doc of WIIA has a beautiful signal on 14,000 ke. All hams who are League members are invited to send their reports in each month to the SCM and he will put as much as he can in the reports regarding everyone. Traffic: W1AKS 227, W1WV 143, W1CQ 98, W1ACH 81, WIKY 67, WIACA 62, WICMZ 40, WIRY 36, WILM 32, W1KH 31, W1AAW 31, WIBVL 15, WIPB 13, WIBIX 12, WIFL 10, WINK 8, WIASI 6, WI1AZE 6, WIUE 5, W1APK 5, WIBBT 2. RHODE ISLAND—SCM, C. N. Kraus, W1IBCR— WIBIL is back on the air again permanently. WIBLS says conditions seem to be getting better but not much message traffic. WICKB has been off all month due to rebuilding of his transmitter for 1929. W1MO QS T FOR DECEMBER WI1BDQ’s WIBLV says traffic is scarce and DX is very poor. 2000 volt power transformer blew out twice. sends in a good report, Traffic: W1BLS 10, W1MO 8, WIBLV 61. NORTHWESTERN DIVISION DAHO—SCM, James L. Young, W7ACN-W7YA is installing a crystal. W7ABB is the USDA sta- tion for Boise and is acting RM. W7IY-QA is still on the job and hands in a nice traffic total, W7EJ is on regularly on 7000 kc. W7ALC is working DX on a 201A with 175 volts on the plate, clicking a couple of first district stations. Both W7ALC and W7EJ are after ORS appointments. W7AMG is one of the ops at W7YA. W7UJ and W7AOC (ex-9BKH) are installing the new broadcast station, KIDO, formerly KFAU. W7HK is going with W7ACK, W7ACN, and W7AFK at the key and about twenty new ops in training. W7CW is home for a visit. The SCM wants to hear from every station in Idaho so that we can get better organized to put Idaho on top. Let’s see a report from every Idaho ham, Traffic: WT7ABB 102, W7YA 46, W7QA-IY 35, W7ALC 26, W7EJ 16, W7ACN 4. OREGON—SCM, R. H. Wright, W7PP—W7ABH has handled traffic to Byrd from WFAT. W7WR shows a good total this month. W7LT has been on 14 me for the past month. WPL has been experi- menting with antenna and filter system. W7AJZ signed up for a hitch on the Coast Guard Cutter Algonquin. WT7NP is back on his light ship job. ex-WW7MM has taken the S. S. New York to the Orient. W7AEK is very QRW with his YLs W7RZ is delighted with his new trans- mitter. W7VQ is married now. W7MV is on occa- tionally. W7UN, the “Big Noise of Oregon” is on consistently, handling the bulk of Portland’s traffic. Traffic: W7WR 47, W7UN 45, W7ABH 28, W7LT 17, W7PL 19, W7AKK 11, W7SI 11. WASHINGTON—SCM, Otto Johnson, W7FD— W7TX leads in traffic this month, maintaining his Alaskan schedules and clearing much VOQ traffic. The Gunstons tie for second place, Bill, W7AAE and Red, W7GP keeping Tacoma and Olympia repre- sented on 14 mec. and 7000 ke. Casey, W7IZ main- tains his schedule with nn-7NIC. Tommy Baird re- ports activity in Spokane. He has a new MO set going now. W7ADB is a newcomer in Tokio. W7AKU is working on television transmitters. W7LZ says monitor boxes are the clear dope to check on your sigs. And now for some real news! Washington now has a real YL op in the person of W7AOW. Welcome, Dolores, and may you work all the boys you met at the convention. “OU” at W1MK please note—-We hope to have a photo of Dolores in our next issue of QST. We also have two OW ops coming at W7LZ and W7FD. Hi. Traffic: W7TX 74, W7GP 48, W7AAE 48, W7UI 838, W7LZ 21, W7AKU 17, W7WI 15, W7IZ 15, W7ACA 18, W7ACS 10, W7KT 10, W7ADB 6, W7FD 5, W7VL 8, W7AGO 8. MONTANA—SCM, O. W. Viers, WT7AAT-W7JC handled a number of messages this month, W7DD says the new 250 watt outfit is getting out fine. W7FL says the new UX250 chirps too much. W7ZU has his new 1929 station built W7AAW was ex- perimenting on 28 me. WT7EL has been busy. W7HP has a new transmitter. W7LC in Billings is on 7000 ke. with a 50. WT7AFP at Red Lodge is still very busy. W7AAT-QT made the BPL this month. This station may be found on 7550 and 3780 ke. every day and night. Speedy and reliable QSR is guaranteed. Traffic: WT7FL 7. WT7AAT-QT 256, W7JC 61, W7DD 21, PACIFIC DIVISION OS ANGELES—SCM, D. C. Wallace, W6AM— Three stations make the BPL this month, W6BZR, W6ZBJ, and W6UJ with forty stations reporting to this office. W6BZR reports that power leak prohibited extensive work. W6BZR was “QSO four continents in five hours.” W6ZBJ is keeping some good skeds. W6CHA put up a new Zepp using No. 6 wire. W6UJ had a big month. W6HT attended the Convention at Oakland. W6OF reports conditions on 80 meters getting better. W6DKX is building a new transmitter for 14 mc. W6APW is going to school. W6BRO enjoyed the Convention. W6ABK now has a TP-TG set. W6BJX won 2nd prize in

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t at the Convention. W6AKD has the transmitter, W6AWY got an : Francisco. W6DK has discovered coil out of old blinds make good high amy led resistors. W6AOS worked WFBT. W \ reported R9 on 3500 ke. in Japan. W6A W6DBM send in good reports. W6ALR is g i a new set. W6DHM is quite busy. to hear more stations on 14,000 ke. Ww ¢ to be an ORS. W6EEB is taking nig irse on telephony with W6DHU and W Cc. L. A, W6COT has heavy QRM ror CHT is still aboard Kemp. W6CUH’s strong. W6DHR is keeping two He has W6APN opping there, reports QSO’s were had with Mrs. W6A) ARRL Convention at Oakland and fr Wash, W6AKW announces that Ww moved to a ranch % mile from W AHS has just quit the S. S. Astoria, KG now operating KGHV. W6DEG re- . of W6ANO and his Arizona gang tation enroute to the Oakland Con- iR reports as usual. W6CAG has an R85 BGC has been promoted to “Chief” at KI 5 is operating KURC, S. S. Cathwood, w ling. W6CBD has moved. W6EAF , now. W6DLK is moving and re- b OW worked South Africa both ways a n day and also five continents the is FB. erly banquet of the Los Angeles Ss held in Long Beach under the aus- . A iated Radio Amateurs of Long I ; in charge with W6HT assisting. D is going to be there and a large Oct. 27th, Navy Day, a general nded to the Los Angeles Section to the U. S. S. Idaho by Lloyd M \ OB, and among the visitors were Ww : W6DKQ, OM and YL, W6BZR, W6A ASM and W6ELZ. The Pasadena Short Ww ts meetings in the lecture room of the Public Library. W6BJX is secretary. The Radio Research Club of Los Angeles h meetings each Wed. I BZR 226, W6ZBJ 214. W6CHA 120, w W6HT 70, W60F 54, W6DKX 49, W6APW 5. Vi W6ABK 33, W6BJX 23, W6AKD 20, W6AV¥V W6DKV 19, W6AOS 17, W6AM 15, W6A W6DBM 13, W6ALR 12, W6DHM 12, W6AS) V6GEKC 9, W6EEB 8, W6COT 7, W6CHT 7, W W6DHR 6, W6PY 5, W6ZZA 2, W6AKW 1, ¥ W6DEG 1. M, J. W. Frates, W6CZR In st yther work, W6IP managed to re- mair fic man and to make the BPL. W6BI, ag r of the Night Hawks, took second eds with K6DV and K7AER. Wi maintains his skeds with JXIX and other ns regardless of QRN and bad weather con V6SR set up at the Elks Carnival in Ber . the convention and pounded out quit traffic: W6CGM has been in San Jose ral weeks. W6DDQ and W6DJE har number of messages from the Busi- ne \ r at Suisun through a sked with W6A BSB has been boosting his traffic totals. Wsl his sked with K7AER. W6DWI ex- pect . | shortly. W6DTM is waiting for the an of prizes in the section contest. WSeCDA the rectifier for the UX-852, W6AWF still y with his usual steadiness. W6ALX ext n 8500 ke. soon. W60J is a movie cam just passed through to make a S el to “White Shadows in the South Se Ramon Navaro and Renee Adoree. WS6EI the high-C TPTG is the caterpillar’s nigh that he is moving his QRA to get aw pet power leak. W6BUX is back to ¢ ter after blowing a fifty and four Ux keeping a sked with ac-WUQ with R6 r V6BZU reports that he hears BCL music ) of his wave and wants to know f : broadeacting. Pace Ross Hull! W6BI RM from NPG are mush is terrific. Wer! ndling more and more traffic every : till trying to recover from winning contest at the convention but hoy isn’t any lie. W6IT, “Scotty.” de- liver res in person at a cost of three gallor t ave postage. Hi. W6BMS is wor } section. W6RJ will be on 3500 ke. been moving his QRA. W6CLZ is still QRW with school. W6EY and W6ALV are rebuilding. The Oakland Radio Club is back in form after the convention and will give prizes to high traffic men in the Section. W6DCZ is the new secretary and W6BDU is the new Sgt. at Arms. Thanks are due Dr. Chas. Herrold of KFWM for the publicity he is giving amateur radio. Traffic: W6IP 253, W6BI 99, W6CTX 57, W6ALX 54, W6SR 48, W6CGM 34, W6DDQ 29, W6HJ 25, W6BSB 23, W6DWI 21 W6DTM 14, W6CDA 14, W6AWF 10, W6EBA 10, W6BUX 8 W6BZU 7, W6BPC 7, W6EDR 7, W6CZR 6, W6EDK 6, WG6IT 3, W6BMS 1. SANTA CLARA VALLEY—SCM, F. J, Quement, W6NX—W6AMM probably dehvered more messages this month than any station in the country. His daily sked with oplHR is running along very smoothly. W6BHY is installing crystal control and rebuilding along 1929 lines. W6BMW has taken over the W6NX-W1MK sked with good success. W6BNH is going over to 1929 performance. W6ALW’s regu- lar QRH is 30,000 ke. although set can be raised to 14,000 ke. with 1929 performance in a jiffy. W6BYH is also rebuilding. W6NX is now on the air with MOPA. W6UF made radio history this month when he was QSO England on 25 mec. W6CDW and W6CZL are both using MOPA. W6KG is rebuilding into crystal control. W6ARV is putting in Mercury Are and also crystal control, Traffic: W6AMM 586, W6BHY 34, W6BNH 10, W6BMW 16. ARIZONA—SCM, D. B. Lamb, W6ANO—W6CDY is busy with school. W6BWS pians to rebuild with erystal. W6EKY is a new station. W6DGY will be on the air soon. W6BJF is hitting the ball in fine style. W6AZM can’t get out of town. W6EAA is going to school, too. W6ANO attended the radio convention, in Oakland and met a lot of the gang. W6SW is busy. Traffic: W6ANO 10, W6EAA 3, W6BJF 29, W6CRA 6, W6BWS 18, W6CDY 15. PHILIPPINES—tThis report eame by radio through W6AMM—Lt. G._ A. Bicher reports that oplHR keeps schedules with acWUQ, ac2AB and ac&8MO in Tientsin, China; opIRC in Cavite, P. IL; and W6AMM in San Jose, Calif. Messages may be routed through oplHR for the following destina- tions: United States, Hawaii, Malay States, Dutch East Indies, China, and the Philippines. Traffic: oplHR 994. SACRAMENTO VALLEY—SCM, C. F. Mason, W6CBS—AIll ORS in the Sacramento Section are going to be cancelled and new ones appointed. W6CBS is going to be on with 500 cycles soon. Traffic: W6DVD 5, W6EEO 42. SAN DIEGO—SCM, G. A. Sears, W6BQ—W6AJM still heads the list on traffic. He is rebuilding and moving the set into a new shack. W6EC ran up 4 fine big total with five skeds. W6BAS is working temporary sked with portable W6WL, Fred Wisner while he iz at Point Arguello doing some installa- tion work for USN. W6WL pounds in at San Diego about R10 nightly. W6BYZ was off ten days vaca- tioning. He keeps daily sked with KIBD. W6BQ is on 3540 ke. most of the time. W6BGL reports fine time at convention. WSCNK says school and radio don’t mix. W6BAM is back on 3500 kc. again arranging skeds for winter. Ex9DES is now W6BCS at Santa Ana. Welcome, OM. W6FP has been promoted and is now Supt. of Northern Dist for the Power Co. and is moving to Oceanside. W9DGW is busy. W9BZD has weekly sked with nn-1NIC. W6OY reports daylight QSO east coast on 14,000 ke. W6BFE reports some traffic. W6BAG is joining Uncle Sam’s Navy. W6AKZ has new gear for 50 watts now. W6ANC reports again, ready for win- ter traffic. W6ADW serds in renort for first time. W6SJ is back in San Diego and will be on again soon. W6AJM accompanied by W6DNS, W6BGL and W6ECH attended the convention in Oakland, and reported big time had by all. All but one station reported on time this month. FB, fellows! New members are being added to Communication Section of USNR recularly. The Radio Room at the Armory is about completed and over half of the equipment installed. NDT will be on the air on 3540 ke. in a short time. Amateurs interested should investigate at once. Trafic: W6AIM 376. W6EC 234. W6BAS 87, WFRYZ 80, WERQ 25, WEBGL 23, WSCNK 25. WS6RAM 18, WEFP 17. WE6DGW 17. W6ADW 15, W6BZD 12, W6QY 7, W6BFE 4, W6BGA 2. QS T FOR DECEMBER '— SP retrt® rw come «a hh them eee oo fel on

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th IR in be a- n, re id ir i- = le iii ee ed HAWAII—SCM, F. L. Fullaway, K6CFQ—K6DQQ turned in a good report. Says that K6DWZ was over for the fair and that he met him and went over his outfit on the submarine. K6AVL is still active and reporting. K6DPG has a 500 cycle generator. K6DCU handled some during the week-ends. K6CLJ got across the U.S. and Australia on ten meters. K6DEY is now oping on the SS Calawaii. Turned ham in port and built a ham transmitter out of coffee cans and bent nails. That is the truth. It was some hay wire looking outfit but it perked. May have a picture for you some day. K6BDL is home again and promises to go back on the air. Traffic: K6DQQ 128, K6AVL 65, K6DPG 36, K6DCU 10, K6CLJ 7. ROANOKE DIVISION ORTH CAROLINA—SCM, Enno Schuelke, W4SJ N —Fellows, I want to express my appreciation to all of you fellow-hams in the N. C. Section for the election as SCM. With your cooperation, we can make this section one of the leaders in Amateur Radio, and one which we can justly be proud to be residents in. W4AEW leads all stations in this sec- tion. W4AB and W40H are back at school. W4JR is now on the engineering staff at WBT. W4TS is on with a new 210. He and W4AFW have applied for ORS appointments. W4HV was QSO Graf Zeppelin while over N. J. W4SJ reports QRM on 7000 kc, Traffic: W4AEW 82, W4VH 25, W4TS 22, W4HV 5, W4JR 2. VIRGINIA—SCM, J. F. Wohlford, W3CA—The SCM would like to hear from some ham in this sec- tion that is interested enough in the radio game to handle the Route Manager job for this state. W3KU has returned from sea duty and is again on the air W3W) is rebuilding his stat‘on. W3IlI is tinkering with television. W3TN is still on WJICX. W3ANV hopes to get on during the winter months. W3NM- DL is using two 210’s on 3500 ke. W3IE is on with two WE-216’s. W3BFE is QRM business. W3PO is back on the air. W3TJ runs WRVA but is on on Sat. and Sun. W3ALS took eight messages at one jump from un-1NIC. W3HY has been issued an ORS. W3BZ threatens to try his hand on 3500 ke. shortly. W3CKL has no trouble reaching all around the lot. W3RDZ hopes to come on soon. The SCM visited in Richmond during the month and had a great time chewing the fat with the gang. Traffic: W3ALS 81, W3CKL 97, W3HY 2. WEST VIRGINIA—SCM, C. S. Hoffman, Jr., W8SHD WSAPN handled over 100 messages this month. He reports visits from W9AZY, WSDNN, WS8BSZ and WSkvVZ WSCI.Q has new set working on four bands above 28 mc. W8VZ still on at W8SP. W8DNL moved to Wheeling from Columbus and has schedules now with WSCER, WSBAU. WS8CLQ and his brother visited W8HD. WS8DNWN says the visit from W9AZY made up for his misfortune of blowing a couple of tubes. Traffic: WSAPN 100, WSCLQ 64, WS8DSP 36, W&8DNL 22, W8SAUL 2, W8DNN 2. ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISION OLORADO—SCM, C. R. Stedman, W9ICAA—It Cis with deep regret that we announce the passing away of Dick Chase, W9FUY, one of the best known hams in the section.- Dick was one of our best liked fellows and will be greatly missed. W9BQO has moved to a new QRA and is expecting to get going soon. W9CSR has put in a master oscillator outfit built along 1929 ideas. W9EUR says he has been too busy with school work to do much but handled a little traffic. W9DRV, W9FEM, W9EOO, W9EUR and W9CTP are other active Pueblo sta- tions. W9DQV at Grand Junction is stepping into it. and has made application for an ORS appoint- ment. W9FUY put through a good total using a W.E. tube. The Radio Inspector for the 9th district, Mr. Hayes, was through Colo. with the result that practically all hams have Ist class ham tickets or better now. W9DKM got him a first commercial and is celebrating on 3500 ke. W9CDW got a commercial second ticket. W9CDE is doing his usual good work in his limited time. W9ERN reports. W9AYP is active again on 3500 ke. W9ASB is busy. W9CAA is crowded for time with his work. W9FPZ sends in his first report. W9EAM, W9BYC, W9ESA, and W9CDQ are on deck. W9CHV has joined up with the RI's office and at present is in Detroit, In the meantime, his wife runs the set as she has a ticket, QS T FOR DECEMBER too. W9CCM, the other Denver YL, is temporarily off as her big brother swiped her 50 watter. Traffic : W9FUY 95, W9CAA 88 W9DQV 62, W9CDE 20, W9ASB 13, W9EUR 9. UTAH-WYOMING—SCM, P. N. James, W6BAJ— The SCM would like to impress upon all ORS that their reports should be mailed on the 26th if they want to be included in QST. Reports from other stations are always welcome. Applications for OBS are needed. W6BAJ leads the traffic list this month with W6BTX-W6DPJ close behind. W6BTX teaches at Westminster College where W6DPJ is a student. They have joint station there with an indoor antenna operating on 7600 ke. W6DZX is on 7000 and 14,000 ke. keeping two schedules. W6DPO is very busy at the B. Y, W6DYE spent the month experimenting with his antenna and transmitter, W6RV is busy at the U. of U. Traffic: W6BTX-W6DPJ 17 (Sept.-Oct.), W6BAJ 47, W6BTX-W6DPJ 41, W6RV 17, W6DZX 12, W6DPO 5, W6DYE 4. SOUTHEASTERN DIVISION LABAMA—Acting SCM, S. J. Bayne, W4AAQ —Well, fellows, with the advent of cooler weather and better conditions, the next report should certainly show decided improvement. Let’s all pull together. W4AAH is doing fine work and keeps a schedule with Hawaii. We welcome W4MY to our midst. He has opened up with considerable pep. W4VC and W4AHX are heard frequently. W4JY is back on the air. W4AHZ is open for traffic or rag chewing. W4GP pounds the brass once in a while. W4AIY is showing decided signs of activity. After an absence of three years, W4AJY, ex5ACM has come to the front. W4AIB is handling the school traffic at Auburn. W4TI is on consistently. W4FN has taken a position with RCA at Rocky Point. W4VX is get- ting good reports. W4AHY is the proud owner of a new car, but hasn’t let it lull his enthusiasm in radio. Congratulations to W4AHO who recently married. In behalf of the gang, I wish to thank Alex for the fine work he has done as SCM. W4AHR is handling a bunch of traffic. W4AAQ has moved and is open for traffic and rag chewing. W4AHP is one of Mont- gomery’s most consistent workers. W4AJY is a new one in our midst. We regret the loss of W4AIP who has given up the game. He has long been an ardent worker and supporter of the League. Now, fellows, let’s get some new life into the section. How about a 100% report next month. Traffic: W4AJY 57, W4AAH 22, W4AHR 20, W4AIB 25, W4AHY 138, W4AAQ 9, W4MY 8, W4JY 7, W4AJY 5, W4AHP 62. GA.—S. C.—CUBA—SCM, H. L. Reid, W4KU— Georgia: The stations in this state have come to the front since the Fla. hurricane and have begun to ap- preciate the real value of the ham station in case of emergencies. W4AJH is quite active now. The SCM is the instructor at the Ga. Tech. Night School and has adopted the Handbook as the text book; South Carolina: W4EI is right here with his regular work and is about the best bet for traffic that way. Porto Rico: We have not heard from the boys there in a good while. Would appreciate a word from one of you. Traffic: W4AJH 82, W4EI 78, K4AAN 251. FLORIDA—SCM, C. E. Ffoulkes, W4LK—W4AAITI is rebuilding the set. W4AGY is pounding brass. W4HY handles traffic. W4TK made all the continents for WAC. Shoot your traffic to W4AKF, fellows. He says he will take all he can get. W400 has been rebuilding since returning from the North. W4BN reported by letter. W4ACC is a movie operator in Dunnellon. W4AKQ has been having trouble getting out. W4LK is thinking of moving soon. Traffic: W4AII 20, W4AGY 18, W4HY 12, W4TE 10, W4AKF 9, W400 38. WEST GULF DIVISION OUTHERN TEXAS—SCM, Robert E. Franklin, S 750X—W5BAIN leads again this month in traffic as well as DX, having worked all continents this month. WS5ASM is doing some nice work with a lone 210. W5ABQ handed in his report at the conven- tion. Glad to see you, OM. W5LP is kicking out well with only 750 volts on his 852. W5AHP has moved again. W5NW is with us from North Texas. He is the new op at KJV, Baytown, and invites the gang to visit him there. Houston has a new ham W5TE of New Orleans. Welcome to our city, OM. W5ALA reports that he will have his station going at Aransas Pass soon. The Houston bunch is getting ready for xv

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Ww {ERN TEXAS—SCM, J. ws on 175 meters (1714.3 ke.). FB, OMs. W5ALN 360, W5ASM 20, W5ABQ 18, W60X H. Robinson, w that all of us have met one another vention, we can become re-acquainted W5HY is keeping schedules with AIN, WSEQE, and W5AMO in the 7500 as usual heads the traffic list. W5BBF le call W5RH at school. W5APB re- Amarillo bunch. W5QE is a new station WX is building a 160 meter fone set. he theory book at the convention. W5LC on the plate of a 201A on 1850 kc. y with a new 1929 transmitter. W5WW W5BG are also rebuilding. W65DF re- e in need of a Route Manager. Let’s of you fellows. It’s a nice job and ng. W5NW moved to South Texas. He his reports on time, and we will miss W5BAD reports DX good down his way. « his transmitter to cover the 3500 kc. W5HY 35, W5BBF 10, W5APB 8, W5AAE W5AQ 6, W5WW 6, W5AKN 6, W5BAD VSNW 1, W5JX 2, W5DF 1, W5JD 1. MA—SCM, J. G. Morgan, W6AMO—The with activity around this neck of the rite pastime seems to be the old fash- ewing contest. W5APG reports a total this month, W5APG is the com- r of the Okla. section of the U. S. T wo recruits are about to be added as press, namely; W5AMO and W5FJ. axing the oscillations emanating from ‘T is nurse maid, janitor and assistant KGCB. W5ANT keeps regular schedules ery day at noon so that “FJ” can keep ed on his education at “O. U.” W5QL 450 like nobody’s business! W5BCX n the old fist up and reports working or not! W5ZAV is still held up for tage for the final p.a. W5VH reports rom the YLs. W5AFX is still grieving 50. W5FJ is using an 852 now. W60H receiver. 5AMO 207, V5VH 25. . W5FJ 136, W65APG 57, Canada ONTARIO DIVISION M, E, C. Thompson, VE3FC—Central DY, our RM, is very active and altho a good deal by BCLs, manages to keep and his scalp. VES8CJ is now on the near North Bay, Ont. VESBP re- 14,000, 7000, and 5700 ke. VESED Tech. School is going strong during y day. VESBL is doing his best to get > rectified signals on the air. VE3BO E410 of Calgary in daylight. VESCL QRA and for the better. VESBC is r skeds. VE9AL is known to be on t e each day. VE3FC uses 5700 ke. VESAY is making things hum on the rara-on-the-Lake on about 7300 kc. DY 24, VES3BC 23, VE8CJ 20, VE3AY VESBP 1, VE8BO 1, VESBL 8. QUEBEC DIVISION CM, Alex Reid, VE2BE—The booth n had at the Montreal Radio Show As transmission and reception he Hotel, the boys took the traffic lled it from their own station. The thank the following who so kindly and donated prizes for the Show. Water & Power Co., L. McDonald, ; , Canadian National Carbon Co., J. A. Adam, and W. Heavysege. the best traffic report. He expects neter transmitter on the air shortly mbers of his local club. VE2AX has transmitters. VE2CA is still pound- DX. VE2AP reports many foreign the month. VE2HV has erected a new BE still keeps his sked with oa-2AE and r the Byrd Expedition boats. VE2BH the North and is getting out well on 14 AC 44, VE2BB 33, VE2AM 24, VE2BR VANALTA DIVISION BRITISH COLUMBIA—SCM, E, S. Brooks, VE5BJ —VE5GO puts in a good traffic total. VES5AL has skeds on 3500 with VE5BR and VESCT. VES5BR has opened up again and wants skeds on 7000 and 3500. VESHK is on the air again. VE5CJ works regularly on 7000 and 14,000. W9CKF paid a visit to VE5CO. Will amateur using the call sign VES5DT kindly send the SCM his @RA—have a flock of QSL cards for you. Say, fellows, how about everyone sending in a report each month on your activities? Traffic: VE5GO 60, VE5CO 24, VE5BR 19, VE5AL 17, VES5CJ 2. ALBERTA—SCM, E. J. Taylor, VE4HA—Most of the gang are brushing up to meet 1929 conditions. VE4AH has moved to a new location and is putting up new poles, VE4ABV is on regularly. VEACL is back at University. VE4CU is moving to new loca- tion. VE4HA is on 14,000 all the time. VE4HM is on regularly. VE4FL is the most consistent of the bunch, lately. VE4FF gathers in W9XL right along. Let’s have some dope, boys—we can’t write without it. PRAIRIE DIVISION MANITOBA—SCM, D. B. Sinclair, VE4FV—VE4CT makes first successful 28 mec, tests in this section, working six “W” stations on that wave on Oct. 21 with reports of R5 to R7. It looks like a gala year for the Prairie Division. All dead ORS in this divi- son are hereby cancelled and a fresh start is being made. VE4EK and VE4FV are the only two still retaining their certificates. Three new ones are in line, however, namely VE4DB, VE4DJ and VE4FN. FB. OBS appointments have also been requested by VE4DB, VE4DP and VE4FN. VE4GQ has changed his QRA. VE4DI has just completed his new trans- mitter and gets crystal control reports. Our old friend, VE4BP is back on the air again. VE4FV’s 852 is perking at last. VE4FN got married. VE4DU’s UX222 is bringing them in FB. VE4DK keeps a weekly schedule with W9FYP, VE4HN is the official call of ex-4NR. One of our most active stations is VE4DB. VE4EK is on 14 me. exclusively. VE4BU’s set has been causing him trouble. VE4AR has re- built to the TPTG circuit. VE4DJ is on all the time on 14,000 and 7000 ke. VE4DP bought a Rectobulb but still gets AC reports. VE4DL and VE4GI seem to be too busy to do much hamming. A local QSO party on 52 meters every Sunday afternoon has been commenced. Several new stations are building trans- mitters now and it looks like a bumper year for the Division, Traffic: VE4DK 5, VE4HN 4, VE4DJ 7, VE4DB 1, VE4EK 2, VE4FV 6. SASKATCHEWAN—SCM, W. J. Pickering, VE4FC —The SCM reports the lack of a report for this sec- tion last month but the gang will excuse me, I know. All the gang visited are getting back on 52.51 and rebuilding their transmitters and receivers for 1929 operation. VE4CM is using TGTP now and wants the Winnipeg gang to help him in moving traffic east. VEGR is on at noon. VE4BM has a new Zepp. VE4IH is back on for the winter and ready for skeds in all directions. Ed. Swain at Moose Jaw, is on the air as VE4HL. VE4GO is on every noon. The Regina gang are very active and have quite a nrumber of sta- tions operating, VE4AO has had no luck yet in getting going. VE4AI and VE4GW are going to work together this winter. VE4FC has been rebuilding. VE4FH is still going good. VE4AC has moved to Winnipeg. Traffic: VE4CM 14, VE4GR 10. LATE AND ADDITIONAL REPORTS W9DXG worked Australia last month, W6BAX says 14,000 ke. seems to be good every two weeks. Hi. W5TV keeps skeds with W9BSM and W9FUY. WSDSP has moved to Syracuse. He is building a high C in preparation for 1929. W9AOK is back on the air again with a new transmitter and a mercury arc. WS8MQ made the BPL this month with a fine total. Keep it up, OM. W3AEI’s call is now W3MH and QRA is 4686 Kernwood Ave., Balti- more, Md. Traffic: WSMQ 386, W9DXG 33, W6BAX 10, W5TV 24, W8DSP 11, W9AOK 1. W50M reported by radio this month with quite a few messages handled. WOBHF is on 14,000 ke. now. He reports that W5QO is at school in Webster, Mo. now and is obtaining a 9th dist. call. W9AAO has taken a commercial job on the lakes and is QRT. W9BHF is mostly QRT for lack of rectifier. Traffic: 47, W9BHF 12. Q 8 T FOR DECEMBER Hy

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29 7 = =] |S Ge ee © ’Tis the nite after Christmas, e\ In the shack you can see ») Ay ¢ Joe Zilch, Boston Ham, work e W2-ME. Irs A SHAME we can’t guarantee W2-ME communication but if you stock up with REL new, improved High Frequency apparatus you'll tell the world there is A Santa Claus—an’ how! REL’s new apparatus is the silver lining for the dark clouds of narrowed wave bands. New condensers, precision frequency meters, a new plug-in coil, and then—HEAVEN’S GIFT TO THE AMATEUR—a transmitting kit, totally enclosed and shielded in a handsome metal cabinet. Get hep to what the well-dressed heap is wearing! Merry Christmas Free and useful information on how to build and use new 1929 receivers and _ trans- mitters is yours for the asking. 5 modern high frequency receivers, including the well-known’ standard _regen- erative receiver, a circuit employ- ing the Screen Grid tube and also the new super-heterodyne are some of those described. Ses: RADIO ENGINEERING LABORATORIES 100 WILBUR AVENUE, LONG ISLAND CITY, NEW YORK \ bed Say You Saw It In QST —It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

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“88 = fruthfully Humless OMPLETE DRY-“A”- ELIMINATOR , will do its work and do it well. 120 Volts. 50-60 Cycles. rerous 2!» Ampere Output. List Price $35.00 Deutschmann Company Canton, Mass. Chicago SPECIAL PENDANT / CONTROL SWITCH ’ neering, Ave., N. Y., N. Y. bseription to Radio Engineer- at $2.00—2 yrs. at $3.00. — ’ New Year “’ RIGHT! ee k your Manufacturer () tion Dealer (1) Technician (FJ Anything Else........ Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST listed by the Headquarters on a Calendar, whieh shall be sent to all the members and their votes by post solicited thereupon. In the determination of the affairs of the Union, every member society shall have one vote. Except in the selection of officers and the Headquarters, wherein it has previously been provided that action will be determined by a major- ity vote of the members, all Union action will be de termined by the concurring vote of two-thirds of the members of the Union, and any proposal not receiv- ing the concurring vote of two-thirds of the members will be adjudged lost. Proposals thus enacted shall become binding upon all the members of the Union; provided that every member shall have the privilege of making reservations in endorsing a proposal or of declining to abide by it if it is contrary to the laws of its country. its own constitution or by-laws, or esablished policies. 4. The Calendars shall be issued to the members by the Headquarters in June and December of each year. They shall be numbered serially and dated. The proposals contained therein shall be numbered consecutively and shall bear the name of the member making hem. Proposals received at the Head- quarters shall normally await the issuance of the next Regular Calendar but whenever in the opinion of the President a proposal is of too great importance to await the next Calendar, a Special Calendar shall immediately be issued to bring the proposal before the membership. 5. Members shall maintain on file at the Head- quarters the address to which their official corre- spondence should be addressed. Members shall be bound to return their vote to the Headquarters on the proposals of each Calendar by the earliest pos- sible post. As quickly as the action of the Union is determined, the Secretary shall acquaint the mem- bers with the results and shall announce which pro- posals are inaugurated and which are lost. A report on the progress and status of the affairs of the Union shall be made to the members by the Headquarters in the December Calendar of each year. The Headquarters may also include in any Calendar any information of interest to the mem- bers, and may list as proposals any matters on which the Headquarters desires the opinion or in- structions of the membership. The Calendar shall be, in general, a medium for presenting the business of the Union to the members for action. Whenever an _ international communications conference affecting the interests of amateur radio communication is to be held in any country, the member society of that country shal] acquaint the Headquarters with the situation as completely as pos- sible. If the Headquarters finds in the situation any matters of common concern which should be the interest of the Union, it shall promptly calendar the matter to the membership; and if any agreement is reached as to the desire of the Union, shall make such arrangements as to it seem appropriate for the representation of the Union at that eonference. Member societies shal! be bound to undertake to rep- resent the interests of the Union at such conferences held in their country, in accordance with instructions from the Headquarters, if so requested by the Head- quarters. 8. The Headquarters shall give such encourage- ment and aid as is possible to the development of amateur radio in countries not represented by mem- bership in the Union, to the end that there may come into existence in such countries strong and stable societies devoted to the welfare of the com- municating amateur and which may thereupon be invited to apply for memebrship in the Union. ARTICLE V—AMENDMENT 1. This Constitution may be amended by a two- thirds vote of the entire membership of the Union, by proposal on any Regular Calendar. The editor of this department is pleased to note that several additional countries are now officially represented by official corre- spondents. Some of the reports are rather short, but the point is that they are coming in. It is again urged that news of national scope be stressed in these reports, with as little mention as possible being made of in- dividual station reports, except in cases of unusual importance, ee. Coe Loe oe Loe oe Ee ee SSS eo a ee ee ee ee eee ee,

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(CCS See eee

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Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST

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This Issue Completes the 1928 Series of OST yo U’LL want to keep these copies as a unit — and the best way todo so is to put them in a OST Binder Note the wire fasteners. Unnecessary to mutilate copies. Opens and lies fat in any position. One-fifty each postpaid A binder will keep your QSTs always together and protect them for future use. And it’s a good-looking binder, too. 1711 Park St., Hartford, Conn. 68 BRITISH SECTION NOTES FOR SEPTEMBER By R. S. G. B. All British amateurs have now received a memorandum from the P. M. G. concern- ing licenses for next year. The conditions are in many respects similar to the present ones, the chief changes being as under: All calls are to include the nationality prefix G as an integral part of them, preceding the numeral; eg2HJ becomes G2HJ. The fre- quency bands allotted are 1740 to 1970 kc., 7050 to 7250 ke., 14060 to 14340 ke., (the 20,- 40- and 150-metre bands allotted by the Washington Conference less certain “tolerances” at each end). Efforts have been made by the R. S. G. B. to get the full width of the bands but the greatest concession ob- tainable is that the Postmaster will recon- sider the matter after a year. Previous ex- perience, however, leads him to believe that such tolerances will be necessary to avoid QRM with other services. The 80-metre band is closed except for extra special work, the permits being issued rather lilxe the old 32-metre permits. The ten- and five-metre bands may be obtained where special justifi- cation is shown. The other important condition is that every station must have a quartz crystal wavemeter to ensure the emissions are on the licensed frequencies. Permission is granted to work stations in foreign coun- tries and also to “exchange personal mes- sages of an unimportant character.” A.c. plate supply and i.c.w. are forbidden, al- though telephony is permitted. Not so bad, is it OM’s—but those wavemeters will be expensive! The chief event of the month was the R. S. G. B. Third Annual Convention held in London the 28th and 29th September. At 5 p.m. on the 28th the gang gathered for tea and talk in the lounge of the I.E.E. At 6:15, after a presidential address by Mr. Gerald Marcuse, G2NM, acting for Capt. Ian Fraser, who was unfortunately absent in South Africa, two of our best-known DX men, G2OD and G2SZ-G2HM opened an ex- tremely interesting discussion on frequency stabilization, the amateur’s biggest problem today. The meeting broke up at 8 o’clock when the London gang entertained the pro- vincials and incidentally pounded brass with considerable vigor. Bright and early next morning a party left to tour the General Electric Company’s laboratories and works. The convention met again after lunch for a business meeting, at which much of interest and importance was discussed. At half past six, the dinner (great event of the Conven- tion) was held and 126 hams sat down to a thoroughly informal and enjoyable repast; followed, when QRM permitted, by a musical program arranged by G2NM._ Speeches were made and many toasts drunk, particu- larly to G2NM, and the gang was very pleased to see 0a30M, am1AB, fk2MS, ef- 8QOA and ed7GB present, and certainly en- joyed their company. It was rather sur- Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST

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OT eS eT eT aS eT Ae a tT iS aT eS eT si Ay st Ay i dl? Mle tle, a o. Se a te ORMICA was or low frequency uses. It is used by the engi- high in quality and uniform— neers, who designed the send- Phenol Fibre at its best. ing and receiving apparatus in [Every year millions of automo- use by the expedition, for pan- tive ignition systems, thera- els, tubing and other insulating peutic apparatus, circuit break- parts. ers and electrical devices of all For fifteen years American kinds are insulated with radio men have known it as Formica. You can depend excellent insulation for high upon it. THE FORMICA INSULATION COMPANY 4620 Spring Grove Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio ORMICA Bay You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QS T

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BE KNOWN BY OTHERS \ The A.R.R.L. Emblem marks you as a ‘Real Ham’ Tl nal Emblem. A _ handsome extra-heavy rolled gold and bla el, %” high, supplied in lapel but r pin-back style. Either style em! $1.00 each, postpaid. Th bile Emblem. Already being ver a thousand cars. Size 5 heavily enameled in gold and bl t metal, holes top and bot- tom, nts each, postpaid. Th m Cut. A mounted printing elk the same size as the lapel I by Members in any type of { matter, letterheads, cards, etc h, postpaid. \ your order NOW to A.R.R.L., Hartford, Conn. ~ gj ~~ POLK BINDING SENSATION OF THE NATION | POST Se INSULATED No holes to fish for just press the sleeve and insert the wire in any position— 1S cts. Each jt’s quick and holds tight -standard markings. J.L. POLK, 41 Belle Ave., Troy, N.Y. —_—_—_—— ~ RADIO IN BRASIL When Brasil. apply to M. BARROS & CIA for anything you need in nnection with radio. M. BARROS & CIA 7 ob. Rua S. José 70 sob. Postal Box 89 Rio de Janeiro Telegray idress, Radioparte, Rio de Janeiro Branch nida S. Joao 4, S. Paulo, Brasil —— ——— eS 70 sll prising to see no Americans there. Howcome OM’s? G6FT is residing in the United States at 1260 Madison Avenue, Paterson, N. J. and — be pleased to meet or hear from W ams. The above report is exactly what we want to see here, and is sure to prove of interest to readers all over this world. We sympa- thize with all Britishers over that wave- meter requirement, but can’t you get around it by taking advantage of the wording “or other approved type” which I believe is included in the language of the regulation? BELGIAN SECTION NOTES By the President, EB4UU An amateur short-wave transmittter has been installed by EB4FT and EB4WW on board the Belgian training, sailing vessel L’Avenir. This large, four-masted ship is bound, at the end of October, from Antwerp to La Martinique and then Tampa, Florida. The official call is XEB4WK and the wave about 32 meters, with a pure d.c. note. All qso’s will be more than welcome; QSL’s should be sent to the Reseau Belge, 11 Rue du Congres, Brussels, Belgium. HOLLAND In recent correspondence between the NVIR and the headquarters office of the IARU it would appear that the long-hoped- for licensing of the amateur transmitters in Holland is at last in sight. No definite infor- mation on the restrictions is yet available, but it seems pretty evident that Holland amateurs will be licensed under some form about the first of the new year. Our very best wishes go to you all, OM’s, together with congratulations on accomplishing this long wished-for end. JAPAN Another country that has long imposed the severest kind of restrictions on its ama- teurs seems to be loosening up favorably. In a message to I.A.R.U. Headquarters via W6AM, we learn from AJ4ZZ that more Japanese amateurs are being licensed. Dur- ing October the following were issued li- censes: J3CC, J3CD, J3CE, J3CF, J3CG and J3CH. All are restricted to 38 meters and a maximum output of ten watts. FB, AJ’s! NEW RELAYS for amateurs and experimenters. We would be pleased to hear from you concerning your relay require- ments. If interested in television, write for our price list of television ap- paratus Photo Electric Devices, Inc. 594 Fifth Avenue Brooklyn, N. Y. Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QsT (SSS TT ETE ESNSee=ememe_ vwowmueowew tt

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Rising to the needs of a Great Industry d- in r- The requirements of the modern ‘i radio,are more and more exacting. m As receiving sets improve, coils . must be more accurate to keep ‘s pace with the fine calibrations of the expert radio engineer. d This is why the worlds most * successful radio manufacturers . \ turn to Dudlo for their supply a \ of coils for every part of their 7 e,;7 instruments. - ° j he Ol S the thing / Dudlo coils are not only wound . accurately, but every part and . th k, di material from the core to the out nateric ecore e out: ! at makes kadto sy sper sabe ead ail side wrapping is selected and ap- plied with skill—a skill which could only come from an organization trained over many years of making millions upon millions of coils for every electrical purpose. No radio unit is any better than its coil and no coil is any better than the wire in its windings. Dudlo draws and insulates the wire and controls every part and process from the copper rod to the finished coil. A complete service to the radio and electrical industries. DUDLO MANUFACTURING CO., FORT WAYNE, INDIANA Division of the General Cable Corporation 56 Earl Street 105 West Adams St. 4143 Bingham Ave. 274 Brannan St. NEWARK, N. J. CHICAGO, ILL. ST. LOUIS, MO. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. sea Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST

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To Our Readers who are not A.R.R. L. members 1 like to become a member of the » Relay League? We need you ganization of radio amateurs, the association that does things. From f OST you have gained a knowl- nature of the League and what it have read its purposes as set forth every issue. We should like to me a full-fledged member and add to ours in the things we are for Amateur Radio. You will bership edition of QST delivered each month. A convenient appli- printed below—clip it out and nterest in radio is the only essen- for membership. lio Relay League, nn, U. S. A. for membership in the Ameri- clay League, and enclose $2.50 ($3 ntries) in payment of one year’s titles me to receive QST for the Please begin my subscription with . issue. Mail my Certificate » and send QST to the following iress a friend who is also interested in , whose name you might give us nd him a sample copy of QST? Thanks Some Suggestions for the Monitor (Continued from Page 43) If the single-pole switch is closed, the monitor will be in operation and can be ad- justed to beat with the receiver. To listen in on the monitor, the double-pole switch is thrown to the right which connects the out- put of the monitor to the input of the last Ant a > \ FIG. 3 audio stage, disconnecting the receiver at the same time. The single-pole switch is opened or may remain closed if the signal in the phones is too loud. However, in this condition there will be some change in the applied plate voltage which may shift the frequency of the monitor when the double- pole switch is thrown back to the other position. All filaments are supplied from the same battery and are controlled by a filament lighting jack. The radio frequency chokes may not be needed. If they are necessary and are omitted, the circuit action will be cranky. Continued use of this system has resulted in the monitor’s becoming almost as neces- sary to operation as the receiver itself. In- formation as to frequency, steadiness, note, fist and all signal characteristics are con- stantly “‘on tap.” *@e Relieving the Glass Arm (Continued from page 40) dash will be the result of a definite impulse from the arm muscles, which is an indica- tion that the proper muscular action is taking place. Following the drill on dots alone, it would be well to spend a few moments drilling on numerals and letters of the alphabet which are composed largely or wholly of dots. The numerals 4, 5 and 6, and the letters B, V, and S, when practiced at first separately, and later in groups, form very good exer- cises for limbering the muscles of the arm for sending. It may be observed in some cases that there is added difficulty in form- ing combinations where three or more dots immediately follow a dash, all being in the same group, as in the case of the numeral 6 and letter B. If this is found to be true, the operator should devote special atten- tion to these formations. (Continued on Page 88) Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST

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WHOLESALE PRICES On Everything in RADIO Allied Service will prove a revelation te you in what radio service can real- ly be, Allied Executives backed by years of training in radio, are prac- tical men. They know radio. Their vast experience has built up around them an organization trained to serve. Months of effort have built up a tremendous reserve of stock that makes for prompt shipments; and this stock is new stock comprising the season’s pick of such prominent manufacturers as Silver-Marshall, Tyrman, Aero, Hammerlund-Roberts, ete. SET BUILDERS! Set Builders, Amateurs and so-called “‘Hams" wilt delight in the unusual variety and re- markable values that are offered in standard kits and parts. Tremendous stocks—real orornization—prompt shipping service all combine te make Allied your ideal souree of supply. RADIO DEALERS! The tive radio dealer—the man who keeps pace with the rapid advanee of radio—will find much of real interest in the Allied Cataleg. New A-C Sets. D-C Sets. Dynamie and Magnetic Speakers, Television equipment, in faet everything as impatient radie publie is demanding. Write for Catalog Now! CORPORATION 711 W. Lake St., Dept.P-1 Chicago Say You Saw It In QS T— It Identifies You and Helps QST

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—— ——$—————— In Stiff Buckram Binding The Radio Amateur’s | Handbook | Lies open and flat at any page | invaluable Handbook attractive and dura- maroon leather cloth ers. Will Wear Like Iron. Price $2 postpaid anywhere sce ec eo eee ee i“ "SS S&S ww we ewe ae w eee eeeae = A. R.R. L.., Stiff Har Lenn. Binding I've nm wanting a better bound copy Here of the Handbeek fer a leng time. | are my} vo dollars. Characteristics of Electric Wave Filters Radio Inspection by J. E. Smith (In December Issue) See Page 66 Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST Choke Coil Design (Continued from Page 34) should be left between the copper and core to keep down the distributed capacity, Wherever insulating materials butt to- gether, the length of the air gap from cop- per to core should be adequate to handle the high voltages encountered when trouble occurs. A flash-over usually carbonizes the bakelite surface, which then leaks and grad- ually is eaten away. To protect the choke and other equip- ment from damage in the event of surges, r.f. chokes may be connected in both leads to delay the application of the voltage to the transmitter, while a sphere gap is con- nected across the choke sides of the rf. chokes to flash over and dissipate the charge. Next we must find whether or not the required number of turns of the necessary sized wire will go into the window space with the required insulation, Divide the winding space per pie by the diameter of the insulated wire, obtaining the number of turns per layer. Divide the number of turns per pie by the number per layer ob- taining the number of layers. Add to the insulated wire diameter the thickness of the insulating paper between layers (7 nil fish paper is about right) and multiply the number of layers by this layer thickness, obtaining the depth of winding. From this figure, and the size of the insulating tubes, it may be determined whether or not the value of K chosen was correct. A sufficient air space should be left between the wire of opposite pies to insure against flash over. We must next determine the total amount of wire required. The diameter of the mean turn is the sum of the outside diameter and inside diameter of the winding divided by two. This diameter expressed in feet is then multiplied by x to give the circum- ference of the mean turn, which multiplied by the total number of turns gives the length of wire required. The weight per thousand feet of the size wire to be used is obtained from a copper wire table, and multiplied by the number of thousands of lo Oo °o q Seal = — gq —— oO . ©] l FIGURE @ feet required, giving the weight of wire required. The length of No. 16 wire re- quired for this example is about 3.12 thous- and feet. This wire weighs 7.82 lbs per thousand feet, therefore 7.8 x 31.2 — 250 Ibs. of wire are required. The resistance of No. 16 wire at 50° is 4.489 ohms per thousand feet. Therefore the d.c. resistance of this choke when in operation will be 4.489 x 31.2—140 ohms. The copper loss will be 2° x 140—560 watts, fe a.?. ~~ = -/ wet LL)

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= Dyan de Imperial 80 Custom-Bilt Shielded Grid A-C H Shielded Grid Tubes Short Wave Plug-in Coils a 8 EP PR ONEGE TE. BAR! 310 or 350 Power Amplifier Tube Permanent Phonograph Connection **80’’ Power Supply Powerful—Compact. Dimensions 84" x 11° x 614". Phone tips pr )- vided for any type speaker. Directly energizes 1 of Dynamic Speaker Scinies machede r m pletel Send for FREE BOOK diagrams with full descriptions. TYRMAN ELECTRIC CORPORATION Dept. 608, 314 W. Superior St. CHICAGO, ILL. a showing schematic and wiring Tyrman “80” full A-C Socket operati n using (3) A-C Shielded Grid (4) 327 (2) 381 (1) 350 or 310 Tubes. Dimensions 8" x21" x 1114". One Spot-10 K.C. Separation. “The year ahead receiver.” Advanced Engineering Principles You Will Appreciate - » You who know radio will appreciate the advanced engineering principles and features incorporated in the Tyrman “‘80” as well as other Tyrman receivers Send for free descriptive literature of Tyrman re- ceiver kits using Shielded Grid Tubes. Battery and full A-C operation. Circuits you will quickly recog- nize as real engineering. Tyrman “80” parts including Short Wave Coils and wired Power Pack complete, ready to assemble, $199.50 list. Tyrman “72” parts for battery or eliminator operation, complete ready to assemble, $98.50 list. Special Power Supply for “72” wired, $55.00 list. Tyrman “60” parts for battery or eliminator operation com- plete, ready to assemble, $69.50 list. ! ! TYRMAN ELECTRIC CORPORATION | Dept. 608, 314 W. Superior St. 1 Chicago, Ill. ! Without obligation, send me free literature describing Tyrman “80” for A-C operation D. : Tyrman “72” A-C (2), Tyrman “7 battery operation (1), Tyrman “60” battery operation I ; BGA ct cede neneseue bars ! i SQ inascss kate teueae’s 1 ' 1 eeeeereeeesee Say You Saw fo In QST— te Lésntifien You end Meigs GST

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GRISTMAS EETINGS CHRISTMAS SEALS \\ ULD you buy Christmas Seals ou knew they had helped to 1 the tuberculosis death- rate? In the past twenty years the ! has been cut in half—a savir f more than 125,000 lives in th r 1928 alone. Christmas Seals,” for they are ing tuberculosis every day ( mas Seals give protection to your family — to % riends, and Local Tuberculosis ve United States Ae '929 RADIO BOO ~eo Ne w Hook-ups. This shows how to make Short Wave Re- ersand Short Wave Adapters. How to use the new screen grid , ‘ ein D. C, and A. C. ° uits. How to build for it: »ower Amplifiers, and ABC Eliminators. Up to the minute rmation on all new radio develop- .. Set Builders, Fans, Dealers, nd for it tod KARAS ELECTRIC COMPANY 4030M-N. Rockwell St., Chicago, Il. Please send me your free book _ ecencedi aOR nacsemmesnccennansid 4030-M Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST which is only 3.6% of the power transmit- ter through it. The voltage drop will be 2 x 140=280 volts, which is only 3.6% of the applied 10,000 volts. The detailed specifications for the core iron are next in order. The volume of iron will be 2(6.56x6x6) +2 (24x6x6) =2,196 cu- bic inches or 1.27 cu. ft. The space factor for the core being 0.9, the volume of solid iron in the core is 1.27x0.9=—1.143 cu. ft. The weight per cubic foot of iron being 480 lbs., the total weight of iron required will be 480x1.143—550 Ibs. The material chosen above for the core was No. 29 gage 4% silicon steel. The thickness of No. 29 gauge sheet is 0.014”. As our core legs are to be stacked 6 inches thick, the number of laminations will be 6/0.014—430 sheets per leg. The top yoke will require 450 sheets 6” by 24”. The bot- tom leg will require 450 sheets 6” by 18” staggered. 450 sheets 6” by 6.5” and 450 sheets 6” by 12.5” will be required for the two short legs, half of each for each leg. The magnetic circuit must be broken up by an air gap to adjust the flux to the value of 50,000 lines per square inch decided on above with the two amperes of direct current flowing. The magnetomotive force IT pro- duced, which is the product of the current and the number of turns in series required to obtain the specified inductance, is so large that an iron circuit 300 feet long would have to be used if additional reluct- ance were not inserted into the circuit. If no air gap were used, then the magnetizing force H would be about 460 ampere turns per inch for the iron, which is about 30 times that required to saturate this ma- terial. The choke would still function slightly under this condition but would have a very low inductance on account of the low permeability of the iron, and would act much as an air core choke. The total number of ampere turns devel- oped NI, must be used up in the iron (H:1:) and in the air gaps (H.1.). NI=Hi1:+ H.1.. H.1.=NI-H:il:, where H.=—0.3132 B, if B, is in maxwells per square inch, and 1. is in inches. H, is the ampere turns per inch required to obtain the desired flux of density in the iron, and is taken from a magnetiza- tion characteristic of the material used. The quantity 1, is the mean magnetic path length in iron in inches. Our equation for calculating the length of the air gap is now 1,—(NI-H:1,)/- (0.3132B,). Ni=8,800x3.3=29,000 maxi- mum. H; was taken from the magnetiza- tion curve of the material chosen as shown in Fig. 26 of Sec. 4 of the Standard Hand- book. This curve shows that H; is 4.5 c.g.s. e.m. units, which is about 9 ampere turns per in. The mean magnetic path length 1, was taken from the sketch of the choke shown as Fig. 9, and was found to be 61 inches. The flux density in the air gap B,, is calculated from the flux density in the iron corresponding to the current I used, and the iron space factor. B,—80,000x0.9=

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weestiedgemda, = 7 ere It IS Good! 40,000 (iii grows) Copies of the Radio Amateur’s Handbook Are Referred to Daily for Guidance and Information Order Now We believe that The Radio Amateur’s Handbook, by F. EB. Handy, Communications Man- ager, A.R.R.L. is the most valuable book which any amateur or experimenter could own. Its chapter headings will give an idea of the thoroughness with which the subject is covered. They are “What Is An Amateur?” “Getting Started”, “Fundamentals”, “How Radio Signals Are Sent and Received”, “Building a Station—The Receiver”, “The Transmitter’, “Power Supply, Keying and Interference Elimination”, “Antennas”, “The Wavemeter—Radio Measurements”, “The A.R.R.L. Communications Department”, “Operating a Station”, “The Experimenter”. These chapters each occupy from ten to forty pages—indicating that each subject is treated in a thorough manner. In addition there is an appendix containing a fund of aseful data. Then there is an index, occupying six pages, by which the valuable information eontained in the book is made available. This in a particularly important point and has been sompiled and cross-indexed with great care and thought. Altogether the Book contains 266 pages of the most valuable radio information ever found between two covers. The Radio Amateur’s Handbook starts at the beginning and tells what an amateur is, what the League is, what amateur radio is, how to become an amateur, how to learn the code, how to understand what you hear, how to get your licenses, how to build a simple station, how to build a better station, how to operate your station, hew the A.R.B.L. works, how to handle traffic, how to conduct experiments and make measurements, and a multitude of other things too numerous to mention. Anyone who is at all interested in the technical side of radio oan ill afford to be without The Radio Amateur’s Handbook. Regular Cover $1.00 Postpaid Anywhere Bound in Leather Cloth $2.00 HARTFORD, CONN. Dear Sirs: cies copy of the Handbook. sau eu ee ae ee ee ee eee ean a, 3 e AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE, Enclosed find my $------ Please send me postpaid (any where in the world) ———— — Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST

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FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST Products that Satisfy Pr s that satisfy absolutely— tha Frost-Radio. Every amateur ne met in the big Frost line of Qu Parts that are designed right, built right and sold at right prices. If you don’t know Frost-Radio get acquainted with it today. Your local dea probably handles it, or if not, it for you. Meanwhile, mail ipon for copy of our catalog, the great amateur handbook of radio HERBERT H. FROST, INC. Main Office and Factory Elkhart, Indiana Chicag New York San Francisco owwr rr re ee Te fF SF SF SF SF eS eS eS eee eee eS ee HERBERT H. FROST, Ine. a Salle Street. Chicage return mall your 16-page catalog of se lec ( State FROST RADIO FROST RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FuOST- FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO ‘ALWAYS UP-TO-DATE | Issued Le ey September and December. Single copies U.S. and Canada $1.00 (Foreign $1.10.) Yearly | subcription $3.25 (Foreign | $3.50.) Amateur and Commercial Stations from 83 different countries. Radio Amateur Call Book | 508 So Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill., U.S.A. The Se meeed Crid Current J Modulator * by The Neon Stroboscope i FROST-RADIO : Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST 72,000 lines per square inch. Solving for 1,, we obtain 1,—(29,000-600) /(0.3132x 72,- 000)=1.26 inches. As two gaps will be used, each one will be 1.26/2—0.63"—% inches long. The electrical design is now complete, and all that remains is to specify the me- chanical details. The air gaps will be formed by 6” by %” pieces of wood placed on top of the short legs. The yoke will be kept in place by its own weight, the current helping to hold it down firmly when in use. To hold the yoke laminations solidly to- gether all the way along, and so prevent the choke from acting as a poor loud speaker, heavy channel irons will be placed on each side and bolted together. Two pieces of 4” by %” channel iron 28” long will be required for the yoke. The short leg laminations can be held tightly together by wooden wedges driven between the core and coil tubes. As shown in Fig. 9, the bottom channels are used to hold up the coils as well as to hold the core laminations together. For this purpose two 4” by %” by 36” channels are required. The bottom coil flanges are supported by wooden strips at intervals, the strips supporting the outside portions resting on the core. Sev- eral 4%” strips are placed between the pies to support the upper pie. The inside end of the wire on each pie is brought out outside of the flange to in- crease the insulation and decrease the capacity as much as possible. The ends of each coil are soldered to binding posts mounted on the bakelite flanges. An odd number of layers is wound on each coil, so the inside end will be on one flange, and the outside end on the other. CONCLUSION This choke was built according to the design worked out here. The use of this choke in place of the choke formerly used caused a noticeable lowering of the general tone of the station output. It also removed the crashes from the low notes. The monitoring was done with a crystal detector and headphones which the operators were accustomed to using. Please note that the lowered tone was not caused by attenuating the higher frequencies, as they were trans- mitted better than with the old choke due to its high distributed capacity. The electrical design is now complete, and all that remains is to specify the mechanical details. The air gaps may be formed of 6”x6"x%” blocks of a non con- ducting material, such as wood. The bottom and top core legs should be bolted firmly together by means of two channel irons on each side of each leg. Heavy 2” channels would be about right. They should be bolted through the core in two places, thus clamping the core laminations firmly to- gether, and preventing the choke from act- ing as a poor loud speaker. The top core leg may simply be placed on the air gaps, or it may be bolted to the bottom leg through the medium of heavy brass bars run outside of the windings. No magnetic material may be used shunting the air gaps. ra - _~

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le eS FS oe ment. Synchronous Motors for Television In addition to building reliable and satisfactory motor generators, “Esco” has had many years of experience in building electric motors for a great variety of applications. Synchronous motors, small, compact, reliable self starting are now offered for Television equip They require no direct current for exci tation, are quiet running and fully guaranteed. Other types of motors suitable for Television may also be supplied. Write us about your requirements. ELECTRIC SPECIALTY CoO. 25 South St. Trade “ESCO” Mark Stamford, Conn | YOU Sarna Any one can learn the code quickly and easily at home with Used the By TELEPLEX U.S. CODE SENDER Navy nevreuens nt operators. Sends mes- sages. radiograms. et —regular code traf anywhere, any time any speed. Code lessons re- corded on strong, wared-tape rec- ords make every thing simple and elear Complete set of tapes FREE. Used by hundreds of beginners and advanced students for home prac tice Endorsed by U.S Navy and leading Tech- rite for FREE Literature ., and Telegraph TELEPLEX CO., Dept. RL, 76 Cortlandt St., New York New United States Aviators leather Crash helmets with head phones and microphones, price $5.00 Holtzer Cabot Tele phone harness, consists of breastplate microphone and double 80 ohm headset with metal headband, microphone is of the Utah type for $2.50 Kolster Decremeter & Waremeter: Maker Ntl. Elec Supply Ce., type CN 12, range 100-3500 meters complete with graphs, coils, ete., condition tls O. K.. for $50.00. Largest stock of Gorernment Radio Transmitting and Receiving material in U. 8 Bend 2% stamp for our new and latest reduced price list. Ship anywhere. WEIL'S CURIOSITY SHOP, 20 South 3nd St., Philadelphia. Pa. «id mS sock oid sce 3p wor ae a Lanineree - e , a xe Lr gdUrr ne af ' 0% a tS aoe, Ss gn Oe WhS a 4 — wry ont Wwe A285 ‘ped® at 5; PY que wer ,cwe™ oust 3 eal % no a axo® g €? ye Say You Saw It In QS T— It Identifies You and Helps QST

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80

Bay You Saw It In QST The short core legs may be held tightly together by driving them into a square in- sulating tube, The bakelite flanges should be supported from the core and channels by strips of %” bakelite, which should also be used between pies to decrease the dis- tributed capacity. The dimensions of the core are the writer’s idea of a reasonable compromise between the various factors mentioned. One way of minimizing the distributed capacity would have been to make the magnetic cir- cuit 300 feet long, in which case the re- quired number of turns could have been wound on in one layer. For obvious rea- sons this could not and would not be done, but some designers may prefer to go fur- ther in this direction than this writer did. When the size and weight of a choke built along the lines laid down above is compared with the size and weight of the choke found in the average station of any given power it is apparent that either (a) this method of design is incorrect, or (b) that many stations need new Heising chokes. The writer wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to Dr. John F. H. Douglas of Marquette University for his guiding hand in this work. e. Financial Statement Y order of the Board of Directors, the following statement of the income and disbursements of the American Radio Relay League for the third quarter of 1928 is published for the information of the membership. K. B. WARNER, Secretary. STATEMENT OF REVENUE AND EXPENSES FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED

SEPTEMBER $30, 1928 REVENUE Advertising sales, QST ........ $17,180.85 Newsdealer sales, QST ......... 11,528.95 Pi C0 cndackabwhkacene 8,019.74 Dues and subscriptions ........ 7,843.19 Back numbers, etc. ............ 822.88 DE -cceapieccdvesedsncned 164.84 POE GUNN scccnscncccvess 452.29 Cash discount earned .......... 218.48 $40,680.12 Deduct: Returns and allowances ....... 3,670.89 Provision for newsstand returns 550.06 Discount 2% for cash ......... 264.238 F.xchange and collection charges 18.85 4,498.58 Fa 86,181.59 EXPENSES Publication expenses, QST .. 12.878.98 Publication expenses, Handbook 1,563.86 Dt tnteeuisedagéenawweue D yy ww ores Ss SS hh, 1

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the ise ne ity ‘ir- re- en 2a- ne, 1r- id. ke he ny b) ng ‘is nd 1e id io 8 e Build this modern amplifier Now! Sangamo Transformers at a new low price. And push- pull transformers to match new power tubes and dynamic loud speakers. A small expenditure and you can have one of these modern amplifiers with plenty of capacity to handle the low notes. Nothing equals the full toned beauty of an amplifier built according to the diagram shown at right. Write for descriptive circulars. SANGAMO ELECTRIC CoO. Springfield, Illinois at low cost! SANGAMO HIGH QUALITY AUDIO AMPLIFIER ee le or , ant SS Siew Mass. Radio School Est. 1905 Earn $35 to $50 Per Week The rapid expansion of RADIO has cre- ated many new positions on land and sea. Openings in Airways, Intercity Radio, Photophone and Television as well as Merchant Marine, Broadcasting, Radio Service and Repair Work. We specialize in training for service with the Radio Corporation of America. Only school in N. E. conducting Radio, Morse Telegraph and Radio Service and Installation Classes. We graduate and place in good positions more first class radio operators than any other New England Radio School. Enroll Now. New term begins Nov. 5. Both Day and Night Classes. Send for Catalogue. 18 BOYLSTON ST. Tel Han. 8184 BOSTO QUARTZ OSCILLATING CRYSTALS 1 in. sections ground to 14 « a seat aoe _ --- at these prices: TS 100 Meters «26.66 ewe eesneee iv. 100-200 meters .. 0... ccceccccces 1¢. 0 900-600 meters .. 2... cc cccccuces 15 0 Tested blanks, 2 te 5 mm thick .. 5 08 Sestiens of any preeticable dimensions made te onder. Prompt Oelivery 4. T. Reoaey, B. Sc., 4 Calumet Bidg., Buffalo, N. ¥. **Ten years crystatiographic expertence”’ Control the Power! The Centralab Radi- ohm is used as a vol- ume control, “B” volt- age control; in fact, everywhere that a smooth, noiseless va- riable resistance of this kind is needed. Its exclusive fea- tures are: Centralab Radiohm In following resistances: ‘ a 0-2.000 ohms, 0-50,000 ohms, Rocking Dise Con- 0.100.000 ohms, 0-200,000 tact. ohms, 0-500,000 ohms. List ° Re ee $2.00 One turn of knob give complete variation. Insulated shaft and bushing. Constant resistance. Noiseless, smooth and easy adjustment. Rigidly built; fully guaranteed. Send for booklet of picture and wiring diagrams— ‘Volume and Voltage Controle—Their Use”. It is free, CENTRAL RADIO LABORATORIES @Selele 18 Keefe Avenue Milwaukee, Wis. Say You Saw It In QS T— It Identifies You and Helps QST 81

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Potter Condensers Quality Long Life Uniformity Economy USED is radio receiver to insure ration and make a real musical in- in the finest 82 the ops strumer Potter T-2900 Condenser Block for single 250 type tube amplifier—8$20.00. Potter T-2950 Condenser Block for the push-pull 250 type tube amplifier—$22.50. Potter T-2098 Condenser Block for the single 210 type tul plifier—$20.00 Potter T-280-171 Condenser Block for a power pack with 2 ype tube rectifier for a 171 type tube power tube—-$18.00 Potter by-pass and filter condensers are availa in all capacities and working volt- ages. The Potter Co. North Chicago, Ilfnois 4 Netionel Organization at Your Service ee ee te >) LD > > o>) tb o> ob tS SANSTEEL Balki di IN CABINETS BY FANSTEEL PRODUCTS COMPANY, Inc. NORTH CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ee et eS Se ed Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST Push-Pull Transmitters (Continued from Page 16) In construction, the use of heavy and short conductors in the tank circuit should be rigorously practiced as described in the recent QST7T descriptions of the High-C transmitters. Leads from the respective grid and plate tube terminals to the oscillitory circuit should be symmetrically arranged as to length and position so as not to unbalance the circuit. The antenna coil is split in two sections. Each section is located at oppo- site ends of the tank circuit inductance and connected in series. The antenna series tuning condenser may be connected in this jumper connecting the two halves of the antenna coil as this arrangement preserves the symmetry of the whole transmitter lay- out. More advantageous circuit modifica- tions and arrangements of apparatus will suggest themselves to the individual experi- menter and the transmitter described here should by no means be taken as the “last word”. Figure 4 is the circuit diagram of a push- pull, crystal-controlled rig using the screen- grid UX-860 tubes in the amplifier. The operation is described on page 11 of QST for July, 1928. The only critical adjustment is that of the control grid bias on the amplifier tubes when the amplifier is being used as a frequency doubler. Due to the poor har- monic generating property of the push- pull oscillator, the usual method of picking off the second harmonic output of the os- cillator to supply the grid excitation of the frequency doubling amplifier cannot be used. Instead, the grid bias on the amplifier is so adjusted that the amplifier tubes draw plate current only when the exciting voltage from the oscillator is near the peak of its positive half cycle. The amplifier tank is tuned to double the frequency of the oscil- lator, and will be given a jolt every other positive half cycle of the frequency to which it is tuned and so maintained in an oscil- lating condition. In contrast with the usual method of exciting the amplifier by means of the second harmonic output of the oscillator, the frequency doubling is actual- ly all done in the amplifier itself, and the amplifier tubes are so biased as to be oper- ating on the bend of their characteristic curve or as distortion amplifiers. In prac- tice, the oscillator should be put in opera- tion and the amplifier tank tuned to ap- proximately double the oscillator frequency. The grid bias on the amplifiers should then be adjusted by varying the grid resistance until the output on the desired frequency is a maximum. With proper adjustment, very high efficiencies are claimed for this system of doubling.’ The circuit diagram of the amplifier using the usual three-element tubes. and neutralized, will be found on pages 12 of 5. This system is extensively used at the Naval Research Laboratory, and was described in Some Notes On a Visit to the Naval Research Laboratory, QST, July, 1928. For data on the screen grid UX-860 tube see The UX-860 QST, September, 1928. (Concluded on Page 88) t mal

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ould the +h- Cc grid ory 1 as ince two »po- and ries this the ves ay- ica- will pri- ere ast sh- en- The for Real Satisfaction Wherever alternating currents are to be measured at commercial frequencies a Jewell Pattern No. 77 portable A. C. voltmeter will be found extremely satisfactory, due to its handy size, efficiency in energy consumption, and accuracy in reading. The Pattern No. 77 ranges are ample to check the voltages likely to be encountered. The instrument illus- trated has a triple range of 0-3-15-150 volts, while other single and double ranges, running to 600 volts, are available. Accuracy, long life and portability are the pre- dominating characteristics of this instrument. It has a well balanced appearance and its construction is such | that it will effectively withstand the rough handling incident to use without impairing its reliability. Our descriptive circular No. 2009 gives complete ranges and prices. Jewell Electrical Instrument Co. 1650 Walnut St., Chicago, Ill. Pattern No. 77 Triple Range A. C. Voltmeter Write for a copy. **28 YEARS MAKING GOODB INSTRUMENTS” 8 Grid Circuit 7 sol Complete Parts for aoe. ee SILVER-MARSHALL The No. 730 Industrial “Round-the-World” Laboratory FOUR by Zeh Bouck COMPLETE short wave receiver (In December Issue) See Page 66 BECOME A RADIO OPERATOR See the World. Earn a Good Income. Duties Light and Fascinating. LEARNIN THE SECOND PORT U.S.A. Radio Inspector located here. New Orleans supplies epers- tors for the various Gulf ports. Most legical location is the U.S.A. to come to for training. Nearly 106% of radic operators - om _the Galf during the past six years trained er. ih Beperviser of Instruction. Member of i ARRBL—Call “S G RB” 4 and Night Classes—Mnreill anytime—Write fer cir cular GULF RADIO SCHOOL | 844 Howard Ave. (17.4 to 204 meters) and two- stage audio amplifier. All wave lengths are covered with no dead spots. Ama- teur bands fall well to center of tuning dial. Special Discounts for Amateurs Also Complete Stock of Leach Relays—R.E.L. Products—3000- Volt Rectobulbs—Omnigraphs—Vibro- plexes—Silver-Marshall Shield Grids. Send for New 1929 Ham Book—FREE C H Ff e« fF A FP CHICAGO RADIO APPARATUS CO. 415 S. DEARBORN ST., CHICAGO Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST

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Calls Heard (Continued from Page &0) w5ml wao w6hp fo-lsr fo-ado fo-adv fo-ade fo-a3z fo-a9e fo-a9a ai-2kt ai-2kw af-kol as-9rb as-S5ra fq-pm xen-ocp xen-oqq ei-ldy oa-2bb. S.S. “Dromore Castle,” Union Castle Mail S.S. Co., 26 Broadway, New York City, W. Clyde Townsend, Operator On South African Coast—Capetown—Beira—Capetown wlaqt wlauk wlbea wlbux wicio wlle wimo wirf w2aie w2apy w2bm w2cuf w2cuz w2cx] w2ho w2pd w2rz w2tq wSafj wSanh wSec wShf w3mb wS8us wiahm wihu wiwj w6qvj w6avp wébam wébto wSalu w8brl wScht wSdp wSduh wSez wSvx wsiws wSxe w9dck ac-9aa ag-rbl4 as-ber as-27fb es-27rb eb-4au eb-4bh eb-4ev ef-lex ef-8cp ef-Sest ef-Sgao ef-8gdb ef-Sjf ef-8rrr ef-Ssan ef-Svu giku g6wt ei-Ifu ek-4auh ek-4auk em-sm em-smtc en-ofp en-oga ep-lae es-2nad eu-l5ra eu-64ra eu-98ra ewba ewhb ewsr fblSaa fm-ain fqa-pm fq-ocdl fq-ocya f{x-lma oa-3ks od-ljr od-pkl op-lem sa-a82 sa-ca2 sb-law sb-lid sb-3ag sb-32a sc-2ab ve9ap xau-2rs xen-oqq xhu-Teff, 6698 to 6000 miles S. E. New York wlafz wickj wicmp wlaf wirp w2aq! w2cxl w2ja w8au wS8bph wS3gt w3lb wics wSank wS8bxe giml ep-8co nq-7cx + 6000 to 5000 miles S. E. New York wlafz wlajc wlapd wlaqi wlbjx wlic w2af w2anh w3aws w3gt wico wijk w4rl wb5afg w5afx wS8ajh wS8bcv wS8dpo w8vx wSef 5000 to 4000 miles S. E. New York wlatm wlavd wlbqs wlemf wlic wlom wlirp wlxl wlyb w2ach w2af w2ang w2as w2ash w2baz w2bhr w2cjd w2chu w2com w2fe w2fw w2gj w2fy wSafj wSafu w3awn wS3awj w3bph wSchg wdiacv wics wéei w4ipf w5ain w5bbe wibw wigf w5jx wike w5qi w5iq« w5ox wSank wS8bee w8bfi w8bhi wSblb w8bn! w8bof w9bog w9box wScau wS8cqo w8css wSded w&Sdra w8dvy wShan wShx w9axh w9cuf w9eag wS9eaj w9ef wI9efe w9fax w9fgp w9fr w9zd eb-4ju ee-gcl ef-8sm ek-4aeq fl-lab sb-2az sb-7ab su-lci su-2ak 4000 to 8000 miles S. E. New York wiack wlafb wlard wibea wlbqs wicaa wide wlike wlom wlyb w2ait w2akv w2alo w2ang w2bxf w2cbk w2auq w2cvf w2cx] w2he w2hq w2ja w2lx w2se w2uk w3alq w3anh wS8avd wSbms wS8ce wSchg wScj w3ckf w3:p w3he wShj w3qe w3sz w3uv wdadg w4cs w4dt wige wigw wirt w4ug wiwo wh5ail wiain wh5aoz w5fq w5Sjw wSaxz wS8bn!l wSbay wS8cau wS8ccs wS8cft w&8che wS8cke wS8cro wScnt wSdem wSdnm wS8dvq w&Sdwe wSeop wS8ex w8uk w9abu w9axh w9bea w9chd w9cib wScte wSecx wSedw wSef w9ejo w9epa ee-earo ee-ear86 ei-lax ei-laiw ep-lbl el-lab velbr sb-lah sb-lbk sb-lbs sb-lcg sb-lcem sb-2ah sb-2ay sb-7ab su-lex su-2ah $000 to 2000 miles S. E. New York wlarq wibea wibgq wibas wickf wickp wicnz wlge wlav wlyb w2aam w2ado w2af w2akv w2ang w2anh w2anq w2ayj w2bhr w2bie w2bpq w2bxu w2chu w2cx! w2g¢p w2hq w2hs w2ja wS8afx wS8avd wSaws wSckp w3sz w3tq wivp wSajv wS8bda wSdsy w9fu eb-4ft ef-82db ef-8ku em-sad ep-lca eu-l5ra sb-lbf sb-Ica su-lfe 2000 to 1000 miles S, E. New York wlack wilafl wlaod wlbly wlbxq wicmx wlom wirp wiue w2aef w2af w2afa w2ace w2agi w2avw w2ay) w2bai w2baz w2blx w2bse w2bxr w2cqd w2atr w2pa w2tp w2uc w2uo w2vq w3aih wS8afx w3amb w3bph wS3sz wiaah wiarh wico wioz whain w5fc wSabw wS8ads wSajq w8axg wSaze w8bcez wSbm w8chb wS&cft w8css w8dnm w8dpo wS8uk w8dv!l w9ahm w9bae wScya wecx wejo wIewl eb-4rs ek-4uo nn-T7nic sb-2ah velbr ve8cs. ec-RP6, Charles Pesek, Prague, Smichov, Sumava, 1429, Czechoslovakia wlom w8cln ksa sa-de8 sa-az2 sb-laa sb-lah sb-lak sb-lax sb-law sb-lbe sb-lbg sb-1Ibs sb-lIca sb-lcn sb-lid sb-loa sb-2af sb-2ag sb-2ah sb-2aj sb-2as sb-2az sc-lai sc-2ab sc-2ae sc-3ac sc-8cj su-laa sc-2bt fe-egez fm-tun2 fm-8rit fq-ocya fo-a8a fo-a8z fo-a4o fo-a7w ai-2kt ai-2kw am-Sab as-35ra oz-8aj ea-cm ea-f] ea-gp ea-htd oa-hz ea-kl ea-la eca-Irs ea-py ea-tx ea-wf eb-4au eb-4ar eb-4as eb-d4cc eb-4di eb-4fp eb-4ft eb-4fq eb-4gm eb-4hp eb-4ic eb-4jj eb-4ro eb-4us eb-4uu eb-4vu eb-4yl ec-aa2 ec-lab ec-lbz ec-lfm ec-ina ec-Irf ec-lro ec-Irx ec-lyl ec-2ny ec-2pa ec-3sk ec-Swa xec-okl ed--7ag ed-7ak ed-7du ed-7ly ed-7na ed-7nm Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST

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3x ra em, write us direct. ITROHM Transmitting Grid Leaks and Rheostats now cover the entire line of transmitting tube circuits. ateur products are reduced materially. itrohm Transmitting Products. If you have difficulty in obtaining "The prices on these *Your dealer should stock U ~ : MAX. TUBE PRODUCT RESISTANCE DISSIPATION CURRENT ~—_—_—_—SRATING PRICE ~ Grid Leak* 5000 ohms 44 watts 90 m.a. _100 watts $2.00 3. .~—C Grid Leak* ~ 5000 ohms 200 watts 200m.a. 1000 watts 2.80 ~~ Grid Leakt "50,000 ohms 200 watts 60m.a. «1000 watts 6.50 ~ Grid Leakt 20,000 ohms 200 watts 100m.a. 1000watts 4.25 ~ Grid Leak* 10,000 ohms —. 200 watts 135m.a. _—«1000 watts 4.00 Grid Leak** 15,000 ohms 200 watts 120m.a. 1000 watts 6.00 ~Rheostatt* 50 ohms 50 watts _—‘iL amp. 5.50 ~ Rheostat*+ 20 ohms 80 watts | 2amp. 5.50 7-83 Rheostat*t 12.5 ohms 60 watts 2.2 amp. 5.50 enter-tapped DeForest P or R. C. A. 852 Tube De Forest H Tube **Steps at 5M—10M—15M for R. C. A. 852 or DeForest P Tube +* For Primary Control *t Filament and Primary Control Ward Leonard/ectric Company 37-41 South Street 7 ~~ F Mount Vernon, N. Y. MIDGET CODE TELEPLEX sENDER ONLY “_0 Postpaid Guaranteed oe ry an Be An Expert Radio Operator is amazing instrument teaches you to read code like an expert half the usual] time. Reproduces actual sending of expert opera- Sends you messages, radiograms, etc., anywhere, anytime, speed You'll be amazed when you hear it. Just like having expert operator in your home. Code lessons recorded on strong, ed-tape records make everything simple and clear. Send only 50 for Midget Teleplex with lessons; or $5.50 with high-fre- y key and buzzer. Satisfaction guaranteed. Money back if delighted. Don't delay. Send today ELEPLEX CO. 74-76 Cortlandt St., New York, N.Y ROBERT S. KRUSE Consultant for Shortwave Devices 103 Meadowbrook Road, West Hartford, Conn. Telephone Hartford 45327 Say You Saw It In QS T— It Identifies You and Helps QST WESTERN RADIO ELD 1929 Catalo? Dealers and Set Builders 4 [HE NEW 1929 Cata- log is crammed full of the FINEST, NEWEST, Nationallyknown A.C. sets, , consoles, cabinets, dynamic speakers, kits, PARTS, eliminators and accessories at LOWEST PRICES. _Largest stock of radio parts. Prompt delivery. Write for our FREE catalog WESTERN RADIO MFG. CO., 128W.Lake St.,Dept.012,Chicago Friendl \a Radio ie mM

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\| —-''’ {4 4A 4 eee ey ed-7md ed-7sp ee-ear6, ee-ear-c7 ef-lm ef-8gr ef-8bak * — ef-8be ef-Sbig ef-8bl ef-8bri ef-8cbh ef-Scio ef-8dmb ef-Sen ef-8eo ef-Sest ef-8flm ef-8gdb ef-8gou ef-8grg = ef-Ship ef-8jb ef-Sje ef-8jcb ef-8fjv ef-8kv ef-3lb T here —§ no better ef-8imh ef-8lt ef-8met ef-8mmp ef-8msm_ ef-Smst ef-Sorm ef-8plb ef-9pns ef-8pse ef-8rbv ef-8crm ef-8rko - ef-Srit ef-8rnf ef-8rpu ef-8rrm ef-8soc ef-8toy ef-8wy recommendation ef-8vb ef-Sycd ef-8xz ef-8z0 g2az g2mf g2nm gbis g5lb g5if giwq g6bb gG6iy g6nz g6pa g6rc g6rm g6sm g6qb ei-lax ei-lbs ei-ldi ei-ldy ei-let ei-leq ei-lfe te have ; ei-lfw ei-lgc ei-lg] ei-lkz ei-lmg ei-lmm ei-lpn ei-ltu than ow the outstanding leaders of = ei-luu ek-luu ek-4aap ek-4abg ek-4aey ek-4aeq ek-4au industry continue to buy your product in ek-4by ei-4cb ek-4cc ek-4dba ek-4hf ek-4kg ek-4kl ever increasing quantities for use with their ek-4ksa ek-4lix ek-4ls ek-4na ek-4qd ek-4qm ek-4qv own manufactures, ek-4sar ek-4auk ek-4uj ek-4us ek-4vj ek-4vr ek-4vs ek-4xy el-laik el-lair el-laiw em-smua em-smuk em-cmxh em-<mxu em-smzf en-obk en-ofj en-ofp Hardwick, Field, Inc., points with pride to

the list of those (given in part below) who en-opr en-osd en-ovn en-oxx ep-lae ep-lafe ep-1b! are now using Har-field Resistors. There ep-lbx ep-lcf pt Ate xep-lmp es-2nag es-2nak Pag s-- : es-2nm es-2nx es-3nb es-ink et-le et-pai et-pao et-pcj could be no better recommendation. et-pju et-pkv et-pwj et-pzo eu-l4ra eu-58ra eu-18rb Westert ‘ Telegraph Stromberg-Carlson Tel. Manu- ew-ac ew-ai ew-bf ew-bj ew-fg ew-hb ew-hp ew-sr Company facturing Company ew-wy. | A. H she & Company Kolster Radio Corporation Fone: gisw g2nm Splitdorf “ Co American Transformer Co. : Mognevoz ation ae a ec-RP19, Alois Weirauch, Mestec Kralove 9, Philadelphis Storege Battery | Zenith Radio Corporation Czechoslovakia Company Crosley Radio Corporation wiemp wlic wlicv wlle w2af w2apv w2aql w2kr Tell us ut the resistor you want. If we can’t eup- af-kol fm-ocup fq-8hpg fq-pm ngq-2se nr-ge oa-5hg ply you m our etandard range of sizes, we shall be oz-2go0 oz-8az sb-lbs su-lci glad ¢ «¢ up samples for you with prices, Write to 20-meter band wlalb wlaq wlatr wlblv wlbyv wldf wlmo wlmw wlsz w2ap w2arb w2avge w2awq w2azo w2kx w2mb HA RDWICK, FIELD, INC. w2md w2rs w3adm wibd w4js w4inh wS8ail wS8axa w8beu fm-S8ev.

rr r ec-2YD - 20-meter band SALES OFFIC B- nawiel aq-lac a2-l1mdz fe-les fe-egez fk-1lm fk-4ms fm-8kf 122 Greeew Guae S. fm-8rit fm-tun2 fq-8hpg k4kd wlap wirp wlasf New York ~~ WIRE-WOUND Newark, HJ. wibyv wlaep wlaqt w2rs w2eh w2cvo w2hm w2bug w2amd w2bgt w3ke w3adm w3ath wSazk wijs ve2bg 4) RESISTORS ve3he sa-dq4 sa-dt9 sb-law sb-2ab sb-2ig sb-3qa sc-3ac i. sce-8aj oa-2bb oa-5hg zen-ocp 1- ‘_ ' C <i a ay a an 30-meter band ag-rbl4 ag-rb5 ac-9aa ac-9ab as-lirw aj-4gz aj-4za ee au-rabs fm-8jo fm-8gke fm-ocup fo-6u ep-8am fq-pm fq-8hpg fq-ocya ne-8rg wibux w2ats w4pf nx-lx! M4 4 — sa-de3 sa-dh3 sa-dq4 sa-ma9 sa-fi2 sa-bal sb-lah Neutralization Means sb-law sb-lbo sb-lbe sb-lba sb-lbs sb-lbm_ sb-ica T More Power From Any Set |. sb-1co sb-icm sb-lic sb-lic sb-lih sb-lid sb-Ifd sb-2ae « ae : th alizati is the only sb-2ad sb-2ih sb-2a] sb-2ay sb-2ay sb-2az sb-2ah ee a a © ee cacilletion i © sb-Sag sb-Sqa sb-bag sc-lah sc-lai sc-2ab se-Sah Tuned Radio Frequency Circuit and that it increases sg-a5 sg-a7 sg-bl su-loa su-lbx su-lci su-lbv su-lcv the acteal power per stage of amplification 35 te su-leg su-2ak su-3ah oa-2ns oa-3my oa-Skr oa-Sgr v 300%. oa-3yx oa-8vp oa-bhg oa-5ja oa-bmb oa-5Sby oa-5gr The Meutredyne principle can be egplied. to prac — —, oz-2ga oz-2go oz-2be oz-2bg xen-ocp tically every set by the simple installation of X-L a ae ; T Vario-densers. The result is an amazing increase in ef-8XD 8 the efficiency and power of the receiver. Send for 37-meter band interesting book of circuits and picture diagrams wlaba wladb wladm wlafb wlarq wlarb wlart showing the use of the Variodenser. wlasd wlasv wlasp wlaue wlaxx wlbnm wlbux wleak wlienz wicuf wleh wige wikb wiry wix! w2aad w2aeu w2afr w2afo w2aib w2alu w2ang w2apv w2aql w2atr w2as w2baz w2bda w2bfo w2bir w2bix w2bmj w2caqd w2cuz w2cyx w2fd w2he w2kj w2id w2ke w2uc wSafu w3afx wSage wSahh w3aic wSaif w3ag wSakw w3ard w3aqm wSavd wSaws wS3bav w3bq w3baqav w3cc w3ecdl wSckl w3lw wSmv wS8ua 1 @

MODEL “N” Off the Press September 1 2 VARIO-DENSER Has variable capacity, adjustable from 1.8 to 20 micro- “— DIO THE is, whic .00002 rofarads. A ( yR y microfarads hich is .0000018 to de aioe. , 1. RADIO LABORATORIES ” Devel 1224 Belmont Ave., Chicago, III. an

4 By Mary Texanna Loomis 7 ‘ Lecturer on radio, Loomis Radio College; Member TIACOBS ANTENNA SPREADER Institute of Radio Engineers. —— Made in Both 5 in. and 7 in. diameter 992 pages; 800 illustrations. Thoroughly revised; Pa & Patented Sept. 8, 1995; Seot.?, 1928 right down to date; contains new “Q” signals and | oe a ~si — laws and regulations for 1928. Used by hundreds of | q ¥ es Rew yt - canenanen 4 coun- colleges and all Government radio schools. Sale by terpoise construction ‘s required. Price bookdealers, or sent, postage paid, os reestpt of 4 £6.00 per dozen; $3.25 for a half dozen. $3.50 check or money order. a # CHARLES F. JACOBS, «(W2EM) ’ Ww D.C. i | NM SHABLERE: S. {¥2EM) | | LOOMIS PUBLISHING CO., Dept 5, Washington,

86 Say You Saw It In QST— It Identifies You and Helps QST

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-Swy bis s6sm i-lfe i-ltu -4au c-4k] -4qv 48 muk -ofp 1b! nak “pDej l8rb Ww-sr 2kr 5hg mw 2mb axa 8kf ac | Safes.” SPEEDS UP TRAFFIC!!! ELIMINATES QTA!!! Rayfoto Automatic Recorder With | RADIOVISION 62 WEST 39th STREET Prints “sigs” for permanent record Transmits and receives photographs Measures A. C. Component Transmits and receives facsimile messages, also AN IDEAL FREQUENCY INDICATOR Hook-up = §$PECIAL OFFER ‘ niyo ’ Unit to QST READERS 25° CORPORATION NEW YORK, N. Y. RADIO OPERATORS WANTED THE EASTERN RADIO INSTITUTE can train yeu quickly and theroughly because: MODERN AND EFFICIENT METHODS THOROUGH INSTRUCTION ander staff of LICENSED COMMERCIAL OPERATORS MODERN APPARATUS including SHORT WAVE TRANSMITTER FIFTEEN years a RADIO SCHOOL THE OLDEST, LARGEST and MOST SUCCESSFUL scheel in New England. RECOMMENDED BY THE A. R. R. L. Day er Evening Classes Start Every Menday. SPECIAL CODE CLASSES Write for Illustrated Prospectus EASTERN RADIO INSTITUTE 899 BOYLSTON STREET BOSTON, MASS. & eens fas from the Year’s Most Success — \ ful designs---practi- _b m\ cal helps for ama- teur and profes- sional Builders. Here are described—aend illustrated — in under standable, interesting terms, the newest de- sicns In A C Power Am- plifiers. Every single one BUGS New, high-class instruments. Priced $11 to $17. Money back guarantee D C RELAYS Break-in and Single contact styles. High and Low voltages $20. ELECTRO MANUFACTURING CO., 443 Stevenson St., San Francisco, Cal. bas been proved prac- tical. This authentie A C Manual ts the work of Merle Duston. well- known engineer and the author of many radio text books. Mr. Duston has condensed In this valuable volume the best efforts of the industry covering the past year of Radio's greatest development. A limited supply of this splendid A C Manual is available through the Don- TRANSFORMERS Guaranteed—Mounted— Samana 250 watt sso—700 each side _. : . $10.50 700 watt ro00—r1s00 ecachside . .......... 14.50 700 watt soo-cycle 800-1200-2000 each side 15.00 Chokes, Polyphase and 25-cycle Transformers Add $2.00 for fil. winding CES F. GREBEN 1927 So. Peoria Street, Pilsen Sta., Chicago, Mlionis }* &SSa> gan Laboratories. Send 20 cents for a copy to be mailed to you. Dongan Electric Manufacturing Co. 2999-3001 Franklin St., Detroit, Mich. ‘\\ TRANSFORMERS of MERIT for FIFTEEN YEARS }). Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST

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Whether you want purer tone or clearer D.X. you will get it with Quality Televo- cals All standard types. Ask for them at your dealers. TELEVOCAL CORPORATION Televocal Building Jept. R-6. 588 12th Street West New York, N. J. t Ouality Tubes THE PRICE GOES UP! Dec. 15th the price of our now famous two button stretched diaphragm microphone goes to $67.50. Until then the price is $40.00. Hundreds of users are enthusiastic boost- ers. ently marked improvements have mad still better, but necessitate a higher price We positively guarantee it against any ot r! Broadcasters, amateurs, public ‘address systems, theatres, etc.—write, wire, telephone—AT ONCE! B.F.J NSON COMPANY Waseca, Minn. and o'dest radio specialty house Fors nusual service this year. Bigver ker shipments, lower prices. De h an old established, reliable house ; “ goods honest service, honest rice: Rarawik sevice akes you more money am now for r new cutal-g-howing lowest whole- } sale ort =. parte. short wave, ete 4112 CA“AL STA., BARAWIK CO. tiizsco.t. 2% a FT.) Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST w3sen wiabe wiabr wiaby wéabl wé4acn wiacr w wiafce wiahy wdiaou wibb wibl wijs wéoc w4iqs w5bez w5jc xnu-6clyv w8adg w8aht w8apd w8bbl w8bhi w8bjb w8bm wS8box w8bpl w8brh w8bth w8ccs w8cft w8cfr wSciw w8cke w8cvg w8Sdem wS8drj w8duw w8kx w9ari w9auh w9be wScee w9cnm w%9efw weln wiekx w9epa w9fqn w9fe. 20-meter band wilalb wlarg wlbev wlbew wibhs wilbkf wlbyv wig wickb wicmf widv wika wlmo wirp wiry w2af w2alw w2amq w2ap! w2arb w2ary w2avz w?) w2cuq w2fp w2mb w2md w2nm w2ow w2rs wad wSawq w3bph w3zi w3br wi4wm w6wb wé6zzd wi w8aac wS8ail wSasf wSavb wSbcu w9bdt wSbgx w8ccw w9cjm wS8cnz wS8dkt w8dog w9adn wy’ w9ben w9baqy w9bzz w9crr w9cuh w9eap wIajo w8eln well w9fci w9fof w9mt ve8ael veShe ve? Th ve2ca ve3rg ve3bm nj-2pa ne-8rg nn-Tni np-dg nq-2sf nq-5ni nr-d4ac nt-2fp nx-1xl story Oe — and | Relieving the Glass Arm mon (Continued from Page 72) victor prize There seems to be a tendency on the pargfrom of many beginners to divide some characte Haw: combinations, thus making others. This i@fan t especially noticeable in the first few at§in tt tempts at sending the letter C, when tha@the r inexperienced man will, in nearly evergfadin case, send NN, making a division in thggator middle of the letter. The letters Q and also seem to offer some difficulty on the fi few attempts to form them. The soone such misleading tendencies are corrected the more rapid will be the advancement i the succeeding stages of practice. The p tice of sending the telegraph code may compared to practice on the typewriter i far as errors are concerned. During t learning period, errors once made re with exasperating regularity unless they corrected immediately upon being detec The element of accuracy cannot be t strongly emphasized. Accuracy must } acquired before speed is attempted, for No, what value is a group of characters sent a@y.., any speed if they are unintelligible to th@moulk receiving operator? It is unreasonable tq@uedi expect that any other than poor sendin — form would be the result of careless an@.,.. haphazard practice procedure. By alfiwo « means strive first for accuracy, and spe — will come in due time. Remember that speedfi31x, while very desirable, and indicative of #31Y, well-trained and efficient operator, is a se¢- ondary consideration. Accuracy first. Y. - o> oo — S-} Push-Pull Transmitters antes (Continued from Page 88) on QST for July, 1928, and 31 of QST fotquan November, 1928. Push-pull circuits have ap peared in QST long prior to this year, how- ever, Meissner and Hartley circuits bein described in November, 1924, and mention made of the subject before that. There's really not so much new in this game. The intention is not to create the impres sion that all transmitters should necessarily SIL be converted to the push-pull type, but @ is particularly recommended that thosj— transmitters in which two tubes are bein used in parallel may be converted to the push-pull circuit in one form or another & good advantage. tan & ~w @&

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Where Reception Mast Not Fail —= Use S-M , was sighted on the island of Maui. But the S-M plug-in coils that formed the basis of the Woolaroc’s receiver did not fail. Read the particulars of cx wi n w jo w9 le vel} np-4 The world knows the story of Goebel and Davis, and how they piloted the monoplane Woolaroc to victory and the $25,000 prize in the Dole flight 1€ parifrom San Francisco to this histe’ v-making flight, aractes Hawaii. But for the radio as graphically described in This iffan there’s another thrill the I.R.E. ‘‘Proceedings’’ ew atgin the dramatic story of for September by Clayton en th@the radio beacons which guided these planes—of C. Shangraw of Wright Field, with photographs evergfading beacon signals; of a tube held by the navi- of the Woolaroc’s receiver built around familiar in thggator for two hours in a broken socket, until land and dependable S-M plug-in coils. and re firs éé > DB ] ° sod S-M “Round-the-World” Short Wave Kits ent j Your television experiments and short wave ep reception—do you depend on a receiver which is lay itself of “experimental” construction and requires ri excessive attention to insure reliability and time ig = to change wave lengths? If you own an S-M re . : Ax “Round-the-World” Receiver, in its neat alumi- ley num shielding cabinet, with its screen grid r.f. tecte , stage and quick-action plug-in coils, you can rest be assured your reception—whether code, voice, or ist | pictures—interstate or international—will be for fiNew S-M Coils ‘top-notch all the time. ent 8BNew SM 131-eyge to thémoulded bakelite coils, Complete Kit Adapter Kit Essential Kit ble tfused in 730 sets, fit any ondingsandard 5-prong tube E verything necessary to build Complete with aluminum Contains the two tuning and ° ihe, Rene cofieta kit the complete four tube r.f. cabinet, less the two audio tickler condensers, four wound iS and sever 17 to 200 meters; regenerative (non-radiating) stages. Used with an adapter plug-in coils, coil socket, and y i. extra coils now short-wave set, including alum- plug, it converts any broad- dese of. che, ehh Gf spe available cover the inum cabinet and two SM cast receiver for short-wave nominal for buildi 1 P broadcast band also: Clough audio transformers. use. Ideal for Television. FUCtIONS tof DUNGINE & 5, 131X, 190-360 m.$1.25 730 Complete Kit.....$51.00 731 Adapter Kit...... $36.00 2, 3, or 4 tube set. I1Y, 350-650 m. 1.50 730 Set, Wired...... 66.00 731 Adapter, Wired... .46.00 732 Essential Kit...... $16.50 of & sec You Can Give S-M Tone Quality to Any Set with S-M Clough Audios S-M Clough-system audio transformers are guar- others in the comparison amplifiers used in S-M anteed unconditionally to give better tone quality demonstrations at recent radio shows. They are than others, with higher amplification, regardless made in two sizes: S-M 225, Ist stage, and 226, last of size, weight, or price. They sell in tremendous _ stage, are $9.00 each; S-M 255, Ist stage, and 256, T fotiquantities, by simply comparing results with last stage, are $6.00 each. ve ap- how- being — my receiving ‘‘The Radiobuilder’’ regularly? No. 5 (Sept.) de- ae scribed a Comparison Amplifier for comparing audio transformers. —— ee eee ntion No. 6 (Oct.) told about the new “PA” Public Address System. To S-M Siti Rteiielt. tan here's Authorized Service Stations, it comes free of charge, with all new con- 358 W. eck — Bled Chic U.S A structional Data Sheets. If you build professionally, write us about the , - Jackson Bivd., ae Sie oe Service Station franchises. --+-Send your complete catalog, with ipres- sample copy of the Radiobuilder. Bar ily 7 858 W. JACKSON BLVD. ...-For enclosed 2c stamp, send Data rut it SIL\ ER-MARSHALL, Inc., CHICAGO, - - U.S.A. Sheet No. 3 on Short Wave Sets. those#———— being o the er to Say You Saw It In QS T— It Idertifies You and Helps QS T

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Safeguard S \TISFACTORY and economical peration of A. C. receivers is upon maintaining close tion of operating voltages, by of suitable A. C. measuring This is necessary be- f the wide fluctuation in the potential of secondary lines furnish- ing current to house lighting circuits. c gent ments. manufacturers, dealers and light and power companies where are cooperating to the e1 t voltage regulation, both on lines and in connection with control equipment of the re- themselves, may be effected better operating service of all For this reason, as well ther testing requirements out- the following, all purchasers receivers are urged to provide elves with an instrument such shown in the illustration— k as the Weston Model 528 A. C. V ter, range 150—8-4 volts. ners. you find that there is an WESTON RADIO INSTRUMENTS Your A. C, Installation! excessive input voltage, it follows that there is too high a voltage on the filament which shortens the operating life of the rectifying tubes. The Model 528 Voltmeter therefore checks the line supply voltage at all times and indicates when adjustments should be made to manually operated line voltage regulators between the power supply and the power trans- former. This voltmeter also indicates when the line voltage is over-rated, thus en- abling the operator to make an ad- justment in the set for the higher line voltage so that normal life can be obtained from his tubes. The Model 528 is also made as Ammeters which are especially use- ful in checking the total load of the A. C. Set—in conformity with set manufacturers’ instructions. The determination of A. C. filament flow in A. C. tube filament circuits is easily obtained by means of this instrument. Write for your copy of Circular J fully describing the Weston Radio Line WESTON ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENT CORPORATION 602 Frelinghuysen Avenue Newark, N. J. aa Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST

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e =] . e Section Communications Managers of THE COMMUNICATIONS DEPARTMENT, A. R. R. L. ATLANTIC DIVISION Eastern Pennsylvania W3QP J. B. Morgan, 2nd 1 E. Willow Grove Ave. Chestnut Hill, Phila Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia W3AIS Dr. H. H. Layton 805 Washington St Wilmington, Del Southern New Jersey W3CFG M. J. Lotysh Box 49, RFD 1 Cranbury, N. J Western New York WSPJ Cc. 8S. Taylor 598 Masten St Buffalo Western Fennsylvania WSCEO A. W. McAuly 309 Third St. Oakmont CENTRAL DIVISION Illinois WIAPY Fred J. Hinds 7 Oak Park Bivd Berwyn indiana WS9CYQ D. J. Angus 10 N. Illinois St Indianapolis Kentucky W9B AZ J. B. Wathen, III Box 97, R. F. D.1 Louisville Michigan WSCEI Dallas Wise IST Falcon Ave Detroit Ohie WSBYN H. C. Storck 694 Carpenter St Columbus Wisconsin WwovVD C. N. Crapo 143 Newton Ave Milwaukee DAKOTA DIVISION North Dakota W9DYV B. S. Warner ) 4th Ave Enderlin South Dakota WSDGR D. M. Fuasek 780 Lllinois St Huron North Minnesota WO9BVH Carl L. Jabs 822 Jame St s Paul South Minnesota WO9BYA D. F. Cottam 8 Third Ave. So. Minneapolis | DELTA DIVISION Arkansas* W5ABI H. E. Velte 5408 U St I e Rock Louisiana WSUK C. A. Freitag 129 Camp St New Orleans Mississippi W5IAKP J. W. Gullett 1708 23rd Ave Meridian Tennessee WIFI Polk Purdue Radio Station WBAW Nashville HUDSON DIVISION Eastern New York W2CNS F. M. Holbrook 2 Livingston Ave White Plains N. ¥. C. & Long IslandW2KR M. B. Kahn G17 W. 141st St Vv. ¥.C North New Jersey W2WR A. G. Wester. Jr ) Princeton 8S Maylew 1 MIDWEST DIVISION — WIDZW H.W. Ke Little Sioux Kansas W9ICET 1 oH. A 15 Lincoln At Topeka Missourt WORR L. B. I 2010 Mercier St IK City Nebraska WSBYG Cc. B. Deihl 05 Cedar St Omaha NEW ENGLAND DIVISION Connecticut WI1ZL C. A. Weidenhammer Washington Place Bridgeport Maine WIBIG Frederick Best E. Crescent St \ugusta Eastern Massachusetts WIUI E. L. Battey ) Royal St Wollaston Western Massachusetts W1UM Dr. John A. Tessmer 8 Schaffner St h ser New Hampshire WIATI Vv. W. Hodge oT M St Claremm Rhode Island WIBCR a Kraus 2 Keene St Providence Vermont WIT Clayton Paulett North Troy NORTHWESTERN DIVISION Alaska WWDN W. B. Wilson I S. LHT Fern Ketchikan Idaho W7ACN-TJI James L. Young ‘ 13th Ave. So Nampa Montana WT7AAT-TQT oO. W. Viers Red Lodge Oregon W7PP R. H. Wright ’ Ross St Portland Washington WTFD Otte Johnson i ) Ave. W s ’ PACIFIC DIVISION Hawaii KiCFQ I I Full y 2714 M a Rd i lulu Nevada wevo ‘ t New Yerington Los Angeles WHAM I ¢ Walla yw Third St lang Beach Calif Santa Clara Valley WEANX Fr. J. Quement 252 Hanchett Ave San Jose Kast Bay WSCZR I. Walter Frates 68 62nd St Oakland San Francisco Sacramento V ey WecBs ] 2a t 2530 N. St s imento Arizona WHANO D. B. Lamb 229 W. First S Mesa Philippines® plAT lose E. Jimer x San ndo St M : San Diego WweBg G. A. Sears 2 Bonai I Jolla ROANOKE DIVISION North Carolina Wis I Sel gn. F. dD. &X 1 Ridgeway Virginia WSCA a: & f ! IX Cambridge Ave Roanoke West Virginia WSHD ¢. S. Hoff *“ Chantal Court Wheeling ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISION Colorado WO9CAA C. R. Stedmar Wail Alt St Denver Utah-Wyoming W6BAJ Parle N. J ' D oe s Lake City SOUTHEASTERN DIVISION \labama WIAHO a.m 917 Cat St Montgomery Florida W4ILK Cc. E foulke 2 Spearing St Jacksonville Georgia-South Carolina-Cuba-Forto R Isle of Pine WiKI lf. L. Reid 11 Shadowlawn Ave Atlanta WEST GULF DIVISION Northern Texas W5SAKN J. H. Robinson, Jr ( I i St Dal Oklahoma W5AMO Glenn M r ri Asp Ave N Southern Texas W5OX R. E. F \ x0 Valentine St H New Mexico W5TT L. E. Rad Tucumcari MARITIME DIVISION Newfoundland VESAR Loyal Reid Ava House St. Johns New Brunswick VEIFI Tr. B. Lacey »>N B. Power C St John Nova Scotia VEIDD W. Cc. Bor t Sinclair St Dartmouth Prince Edward Island VEIBZ F. W. Hyndmar > | roy St Charlottetowr P. i i ONTARIO DIVISION Ontario VESFC I & 2 t . Q A\ I t QUEBEC DIVISION Quebec VE2BE Alex Reid 169 Logan Ave St. Lambert VANALTA DIVISION Alberta VEIHA zc. J. F LOLOT-S7t Ave Edmonton ‘ British Columbia VESRJ E. S. Brooks 2987 Ca n St Va ver PRAIRIE DIVISION Manitoba VEIFV D. B. Sinclair 205 Cambridge St Winnipeg Saskatchewan VEIFC W. J. Pickering 514 19th St. W Prince Albert *Temporary officials appointed to t the membership of the Section concerned choose permanent SCMs by renomination ;

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Remarkable Federal Feats License 1 under patents owned and or controlled by Radio Corpera- © Federal’s fund. I ere tion of Amervee, and in Canada by Canadian Radio Patents Lid America’s Sensational Distance Getter At a New Low Price ITH price reductions on the entire line of Federal Radios -America’s Finest in every class—comes a reduction in the price of the Federal Fr1, from $250 to $145, for the battery model, from $360 to $220, for the 60 cycle light-socket model, and from $380 to $245 on the 25 cycle model. The Federal F11 is beyond question America’s most sensational D. X. receiver. Antenna-ground operation with four stages of tuned radio frequency, detector and two stages of amplification, combined with the most precise engineering standards known in the industry, give delicate hair-line tuning with extreme sensitivity to the weakest of signals picked up by the Antenna. The Federal Fit has dramatically demonstrated its remarkable distance getting powers wherever tested . Ask the Designated Federal Retailer in your community to dem onstrate this phenomenal receiver or write direct for complete specifications. Federal prices do not include tubes and are slightly higher west of Rockies FEDERAL RADIO CORPORATION, BUFFALO, N. Y. OPERATING BROADCAST STATION WGR AT BUFFALO Federal Ortho-sonic Radio,’Ltd., Bridgeburg, Ont. ederal ORTHO-SONIC* Rad 10 making possible Ortho- somic reproduction is patented under U.S. Letters Patent *'o. 1,582,470 Say You Saw It In QST It Identifies You and Helps QST anc Das ten “a. 4 ~~ © PF

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@c) UNI-RECTRON POWER AMPLIFIER (IDEAL FOR USE WITH DYNAMIC SPEAKERS) As the Uni-Rectron stands it is a super power amplifier, which can be used in connection with any radio set and loud speaker. Binding posts are provided for input to the Uni-Rectron and output to the speaker. Requires no batteries for its operation. It obtains its power from the 110 Volt, 60 Cycle alternating eur- rent lighting circuit of your house. LIST PRICE $88.50 (without tubes) The UX-210 super power am- plifying tube and the UX-216B or 281 rectifying tube are used with this amplifier, not overload. From the faintest MODEL AP-935 whisper to the loudest erash of sound—R.C.A. Uni-Restagn am- plies each note at if true value. High and low notes are all treated alike. The volume and quality deliv- ered will be a revelation. Also by removing the input and output transformers it ean be used as a source of power for an oscillating or transmitting tube, furnishing power for all circuits, grid, plate and filament and is the t form of S Power Supply for Amateur which ean- Special $4972 Transmitting purposes ever ef- AMERICAN SALES CO. 19-21 Warren St., New York City YAXLEY Junior Rheostats Small in size, but a master instrument. Ask your dealer to show you the exceedingly fine adjustment and velvet smooth action. Diameter, 1 7/16 inches, ee GD Ge GD ccnccovecsscsacescosctoceses 75bc See Ge Bee GD occcccccoonesooseseecses $1.00 Self-attaching, positive acting switches for Junior ED 0.6600.60806000cbsecscaccacecoced 40c RESISTANCE UNITS Here is where you need absolute dependability and you get it with Yaxley Resistance Units. Run true to rating. Convenient screw eye and soldering lug terminals for easy mounting. Filament and grid type; one to 8000 ohms ...........45- 1l5e to 40e YAXLEY MFG.CO. Dept. S, 9 So. Clinton St., Chicago DODGE RADIO SHORTKUT With Appendix and Hints fer Better Key Work. Fixes Signals in mind to stick—Kills Hesitation, Cultivates Speed and Good Fist—Produces Results. Slow Hams raise speed to 35 per in few evenings. Previous Failures qualify and pass am quickly. Beginners master code and pass in ten ays. DODGE HIGH SPEED METHOD (Intensive Speed Practice) Quickly puts 25 per Hams in 85-40 per class. Five Hams report made this gain in few evenings. One of them by 15 minutes total practice enly. DODGE MORSE SHORTKUT Basily mastered by Radio Ops—Kills tendency te mixup or confusion. Either code used as desired. REPORTS FROM USERS Tell the complete story—Mailed on request. Radio $3.50. High Speed $2.50. Morse $2.50. Money order None C. O. D. Foreign add 50 cents. See our Hamad Cc. K. DODGE, MAMARONECK, NEW YORK. ADJUSTABLE SUDING CLIP \” For More Accurate Voltage Cuntrol! TRUVOLT Reg. U. S. Pat. off. (Patents Pending) ALL WIRE! RESISTANCES The ingenious metnod ** winding a much greater quantity of larger resistance wire of comparatively low resistance into a small space assures a finer regulation of voltage and far greater current-carrying capacity. Truvolt Variables simplify B-Eliminator construction by eliminating difficult cal- culation and making all adjustments easy. 2 stock sizes $3.50 each. Trurolt Fixed Resistances are adjustable to different set values by the use of slid- ing clip taps—an exclusive Truvolt fea- ture! Made in all desirable values and circuit ratings. Electrad specializes in a full line of Con- Radio Purposes including Television. Write for Free Circulars and Full Information. Dept. T-12, 175 Varick Street, New York trols for all ELECT RAD lat THE ONE rectifier that meets 1929 requirements—the Mercury Arc. Are you going into the new year handicapped by an antiquated plate Be proud of your station—don’t be a combination bartender and nurse- 28 Sept. issue. supply? No!! AND ONLY Read your ham bible, page maid—get an Arc and operate—your rectifier problems solved. RECTIFIER ENGINEERING SERVICE 4837 ROCKWOOD RD., RADIO 8ML CLEVELAND, OHIO Bay You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST

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—_ ~~ ~ ee = a Kino-lamp Developments in (LEVISION »any months Raytheon Laboratories een developing numerous types and of Kino-Lamps, which provide suit- able light sources and light sensitive re- lays for all systems. Among these are various types ef spot glow lamps as well as fat plate type—all of which can be » glow in white, blue, green, and us shades of orange. pment of Foto-Cells has also prog- rapidly, so that cells can be made will respond to various frequencies light spectrum. LAMP for receiving, List Price $7.50 ChLL—for sending—prices and in- nm upon application. RAYTHEON MFG. CO. Kendall Sq. Bldg., Cambridge, Mass. Perfe phones fresh from the factory in rigina artons at a fraction of their cost. Never ber ss than $9 Frice while they last only $5.5 c m guaranteed or money refunded. BALDWIN HEADPHONES 4 all long distance records, you simply annot get distance by any other means. Ar perator at San Francisco picked up . ie message from Bagdad, Turkey, half way wnd the globe, a world’s record. Whether you are a professional operator, amateur, experimenter, set builder or * La. these are the headphones you PREMIER ELECTRIC CO. 150 Nassau St., New York nN condensers that are Built Better — to endure. Write for The Research Worker. A free monthly publication. AEROVOX WIRELESS CORPORATION Washington Street Brooklyn, N. Y. Ra ytheon= 4 nd genuine Nathaniel Baluwia. & i mM WAIN sal Some Election Returns every year is election OVEMBER ery y i i N month in seven A.R.R.L. divisions. This year balloting is now going on in the Central and New England Divisions to choose the director for 1929-1930. In the remaining divisions a single eligible candidate has been declared elected, by ac- tion of the Executive Committee, so that there is no balloting by the membership in these cases. In the Roanoke and Rocky Mountain Di- visions, Messrs. Gravely and Segal respec- ively were the only candidates and so have been declared reelected. In the West Gulf, Mr. Holmes H. Green was named but with- drew in favor of Mr. Corlett, the incumbent, who was also nominated, and so Mr. Cor- lett also succeeds himself for the coming two years. In the Hudson, Dr. Dunn, the present director, and Dr. A. L. Walsh, W2BW, were named, but Dr. Dunn decided not to stand for reelection and withdrew his name. There being then but one candidate, there was no balloting and Dr. Walsh has been declared the new director, taking office the first of the year. In the Northwestern there were no nominations, as a result of which Mr. Weingarten, the incumbent, con- tinues in office. Results in the Central and New England will be announced in our next issue. SISTER'S GIRL FRIEND LOCAL ORM PACENT DUO-LATERAL COILS | OR laboratories, experimenters, | pa and for special circuits, Pacent Duo-Lateral Coils are the | accepted standard. standard turn ratios are clways in stock. Write for information and prices Pacent Electric Co., loc. 91 Seventh Avenue, New York A complete line of all LAST MINUTE SPECIALS —— JEWELL—High Resistance Voltmeters 0-250V. D.C. ne Black Bakelite Panels 88” x 48”, 8/16” thick. Reg. Price $29............ (8 readings) list $22...... Our Price “ ea. 8.7 ARMY Aeroplane Spark Transmitters, Gov. cost $47 each..........+0-+e05: cS 4.75 a Kenotron Rectifying Tubes (Type T.B.1)........-ceeeseeccererecescreenees 1.25 a Kathanode Unipower, Automatic Radio “A” Power (6 volt), list $89...... = 13.75 “ 250 Mill Choke Coils, D.C. Resistance 20 ohms List $25 .......+.+- - 7.60 AMERICAN SALES CO., 19-21 WARREN ST., NEW YORK CITY Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST 77 FI 0- A fo

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fork | QS T OSCILLATING CRYSTALS NOTICE—New Prices Effective November Ist, 1928 AMATEUR BANDS. Prices for omtns crystals for use in the various amateur bands are as follows: SED SD BOOP BPG DERM. ccccccccctccccccccescccocecescecceccs ones gon.en. 5500 D> GERD BOGIES PORE. ccc cccccccccccccccceecccocccccccesccsoete 37.50. 7000 to 1800 Kilo-cycle band... .......ccccccccccceccccceccceccesececes $45.00. The abeve prices are for grinding « erystal at « random frequency, sald erystal to be of the FOWEE for yeur particular requirement. SCIENTIFIC RADIO SERVICE frequency will be stated accurate te better than a tenth of deliveries. Add $10.00 to the above prices if erystal is to be mounted tn our POWER type der. BROADCAST BANDS. We desire te announce that we can make prompt delivery em crystals ground to your aes PLUS OR MINUS 500 CYCLES for $45.00 Unmounted er $55.00 Mounted. type of tube used. These crystals are absolutely guaranteed We are at your service to grind for you, crystals ether than mentioned Crystals ground te any frequency between 40 « The Crystals Specialists ané its All crystals are ‘ey. Rpenatest, aad ediate igned frequenay eecurste te Im ordering please mention plate veltage sad be glad t quste prises md "10.006 Kilo-cycies ’ P.O. Box 86, Dept. ZD, Mt. Rainier, Md. RADIO OPERATORS f Are You Handicapped by a Weak Arm or other weakness? 95 out of every 100 operators are handicapped by some weakness. Are you one of them? Would you place yourself in the hands of an expert who has developed many of the world’s fastest and highest- paid operators, and follow his easy instructions if you thought his methods would make you STRONG, VIGOROUS AND CONFIDENT? If you knew posi- tively that his system would increase your sending and receiving speed 50 to 100% and make you a TOP- NOTCH operator? Don't delay. Write me in con- fidence. No obligation. Write NOW! WALTER H. CANDLER, Originator and Director THE CANDLER SYSTEM C0. 6343 S. Kedzie Avenue Chicago, Illinois wan Don’t Miss the Timely Suggestion on Page 94 TRANSFORMERS, CHOKES CARED se sc tw te te ee of all descriptions made to your specifications. The crying need of the radio con- structor and amateur for efficient coils, chokes, and transformers for either transmitter or receiver con- struction, is filled by the “Most Effi- cient” Power equipment manufac- tured by I. R. NELSON CO. The new and radical core design developed by this company gives the small power transformers and coils all the efficiency inherent in large electrical construction work. Write in your wants. We will be glad to quote you. You will be surprised at the quality received for your invest- ment. Prompt delivery on all orders. I. R. NELSON COMPANY Bond Street Newark, N. J. r NEW!! Flechtheim Superior Volt- meters 0-300 v DC ....... $ 6.00 0-600 vw DC ....... $ 8.50 0-600 v AC & DC .$10.50 Accurate and Dependable, for “B” eliminators, ete. FLECHTHEIM SUPERIOR CONDENSERS “A” More Effective and Dependable ‘Condenser—for Less Money” A radio receiver, an efficient transmitter, or a high-power eliminator, when equipped with Condensers, will last jJonger, give better service and greater efficiency. The wise “ham” knows. Ask him. 73's W 2afs, Write for catalog and prices to Dept. QT | A. M. FLECHTHEIM & CO., Inc., 136 Liberty St., New York, N.Y. 4 Flechtheim Superior TRANSMITTING CONDENSER Chief Engineer. Type T7200 Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST 91

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HAM-ADS EFFECTIVE with the October issue of QST the following changes were made in the rules of this department. The Ham-Ad rate is now 15¢ per word. The restriction which has limited use of this column to mem- bers of the American Radio Relay League is removed and advertising may be signed either company name or by an individual. A special rate of Te per word applies to advertising which is obviously non- commercial in nature and which is placed and signe y an individual member of the Amer Radio Relay League. Please read caref the following conditions under which advertising in these columns will be accepted. Advertising shall pertain to radio and shall be of nat re Merest te nee amateurs or experimenters ip fispleay of any character will be accepted, nor yoographical arrangement, such as all or be used which weuld tend to make one md out from the others. The Ham-Ad rate is l5e per word, except as noted In paragraph (6) below. ‘ . tance In full must accompany copy. No cash or comtrect discount or agency commission will be allowed. 5 wing date for Ham-Ads is the 25th of the second mor ereding publication date. special rate of Te per word will apply te ad- rerticing which. to eur judgment, is edviously non-com- merria on matere and ts pleced and signed by a member nerican Redie Relay League. Thus, advertising of bone Ode surplus equipment owned, and for sale by an individual or apperatus offered fer exchange er advertis- ing ix ring for spectal equipment, if by a member of eo Radio Relay League, takes the Te rate. An atterr e eal ip apparatus tm quantity for profit, even if by r ual. te commercial and takes the 15e rate. Proris f graphs (1), (2). (4) and (5) apply to all advertising in this columm regardless of which rate may Dp y PLA WER for your set, the very heart of its perforr I quietness, DX ability, life-long per- maner dependability, lowest ultimate cost, no ot source even approaches the achievement of an steel-alkaline storage B battery. Built painsta every joint pure nickel, upset-electrically welded ne Edison Electrolyte. Our list describes comp! ries, construction parts, enameled aerial wire, « steel. Rectifier Engineering Service, radio SML, 4 kwood Road, Cleveland Ohio. HAWI element battery and parts standard for Look at our patent pending connec- tor to drop off—contains 20 times more metal larly used. Heavy shock proof cells. fibre } Everything for a rapid-fire “B” sup- ply ( assembled 100 volt “B” $10.00, Knock- down till lower prices. Chargers that will charge in ser volts $2.75 to $4.00. Trickle B Charger for | “B" $3.75. Special transmitter “B” batterie » 6,000 milli-amp capacity, any voltage. Write f nteresting literature, testimonials, ete. B. Haw! 860 Washington Ave., Danbury, Conn. ENSALI Laboratory receivers and Transmitters are of modern designs and are supplied to meet any ir requirements of the radio art. Trans- mitter g for radiophone or C. W. Our long ex- perience designing of special apparatus is your guarantee of quality and efficient apparatus. We also build any items desired. Literature on any appara warded on request. Ensall Radio Labora- tory. 1 ndview Ave., Warren, Ohio. CRYSTA 5 meter band $15.00 175 band $10.00. Blank . Hollister, 9DRD, 980 Baltimore, Kansas City, M DUBILII 4 transmitting condensers wanted. Radio, 150 Wes New York. A.R.R.I er emblems should be worn by all mem- bers. made of the highest grade black and yellow fe " x 8” diamond. $1 postpaid. Erie Robia- son, 185 Jefferson Road, Webster Groves, Mo. 92 Used 208 A and 211 $18; new 217 A $28; new 852 ¢; used $20; used Western Electric 212A and 212D $60 ea¢ new Cunningham and RCA 210 $6: new Cunningh and RCA 281 $5; No. 12 enameled aerial wire $.90 100; Amateur Call Books $.85; 10” insulators Freshman 375V. and two 744V. center tapped transforr $2.75; Robbins & Myers motor generator $65; all used Jewell meters $.75 each; three tube wired Aer ¢ set, best equipment $20; REL 50 watt sockets $1, signal corps 3/16” contact key $.95; 210 Bradlayst $1.75; free list, lots of used and new apparatus. ‘ have you for sale or trade? David L. Marks, 125 Madi Ave., Albany, N. Y. OMNIGRAPHS, Teleplexes, condensers, dynamote transmitters, receivers, chokes, meters, transfc crystals, 50 watters, supersyncs, S tubes, Vibrople electric and portable receivers. Phone transmi Bought, sold, exchanged, L. J. Ryan, 9CNS, Hannib Mo. WANTED: One Western Electric burned out 211] W4PAU, Box 2126, Auburn, Ala. TRADE—8$2V motors for 750-1000V small used gene ator. 9FYF, Ashley, Mo. WANT to get in communication with other rail Morse operators who are operating stations. Write C. Cushman, Operator, C & N W RR, Hooper, Nebr. SELL REL shortwave two tube receiver “Shad tially wired, $10.00 prepaid. Lawrence B. Smith, O Iowa. SWAP almost new 24 volt-1500 volt dynamotor, a transformer 1500 each side center tap. 50 watt tube, for tanned skins or mounted birds and animals sui able for decorating den. Dr. E, H. Cunningham, 5 101 Baylor St., San Antonio, Texas. SELL complete portable transmitter WIFL. WANTED—Complete 7% watt transmitter. Give description and price. H. L. Fuller, 1912 Railway Ew change Building, Saint Louis, Missouri. QSL cards, two colors, $1.00 per hundred. Free samp SDTY Parker Ave., Buffalo, i. Be S and receivers ESCO motorgenerator 500 V 50 Watt with 2 1-Mike densers 20 H Choke. Perfect condition $35.00. W2BDC 181 Greenwood Ave., East Orange, N. J. Guaranteed quartz oscillators for the new 80-meter bané complete with foolproof ho!der, mountable brass disa with lapped surfaces, complete and prepaid upon receipl of $20.00. W2BDC, 181 Greenwood Ave., East Orange N. J. THORDARSON 650-volt power-filament transformers fa 7%-watters $6.90. Aluminum square-foot 85c; Leal square-foot 85c. Electric-Bugs $10.50. Potter 2-mfi 1000-volt condensers $2.50; 2000-volt tested 1-mfd. $2.50 2500-volt l-mfd $3.25. UX210 7\%4-watters $5. UX-250’s $7.50. “Ham-List” 4c. James Radio Curti 110{ Eighth Avenue, Fort Worth, Texas. Thordarson T-2382-12-volt filament-transformer $7.50 Thordarson 550-350 power-transformer $11.00; Thordar son 1000-1500 power-transformers $16.00. Home $50-550 power-filament transformer $4.00. Jewell 0 Milliammeters $6.00; 0-15 AC-voltmeters $6.00. Slight used 50-watters $17.50. Robert Curtis, 1109 Eighth Ave, Fort Worth, Texas. TRANSMITTING set and motor generator for sale, New, Enclose stamp. Norris Preston, Armstrong, Mo. 2VP selling entire station, transmitter and receiver, for $125. UX852 and mercury arc rectifier. If interested write for complete list. Milton Schwalbe, 2119-63 Street, Brooklyn, N. Y FLUSH mounting A. C. voltmeters 0-10, $1.25. 9CJR, 2300 E. Washington St., Joliet, Ill. QSLs, one hundred two color $1.00. Government $1.9. Radiograms, stationery. Samples. 9CKA, Corwith, lows Motor generator bargains, 750 volt, 200 watt, two com mutator new General Electric motor generators direct connected to 110 volt, 60 cycle, 3500 R. P. M. single phas A. C. motors each $45.00. 850 volt, 150 watt new General Electric motor generators direct connected to 110 volt, 60 cycle, 3500 R. P.M. single phase A.C. motors, field resistance, each $27.50. New %4 HP, General Elec tric and Westinghouse 110 volt, 1750 R. P. M. A. C. motom $8.75 each. New television variable speed motors fot 110 volt, alternating current $7.00 each. A limited num Ed Keer, ber of each of the above items. Also many othem Write us your needs. Electrical Surplus Company, 191! Chicago Ave., Chicago, Ill. Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QsT

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$.90 ors $3.2 isforn all ¢ Aer ¢ ts $1.

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| FINAL Supply.

POSTPAID anywhere. Panel mounting, flush type Mil- liammeters. Hand calibrated and accurate. Your choice 0-100, 0-800, or 0-400 scale, $1.25. New price list now ready to mail on request. G. F. Hall, 585 West Hortter St.. Philadelphia, Pa.

MASTER radio wavemeters. $8.50. Send for deseription. Imported 50 watt trans- mitting tubes. Low internal-capacity-89.50. W E 5 watters—$3.00. G E Neon lamps—95c. $1.00 Aerovox 6000 ohm wire-wound Gridleaks—50c. Dudlo-wound 50 Henry, 300 milliampere chokes—$2.85. Mayolian 6 mfd. 1000 working voltage filter condensers—$4.25. 30 Henry, 100 Milliampere chokes—$1.85. Pure rectifier elements. Complete, per pair: 1x4—T7c, 1x5—8%c, Ix6—10c. Ex- tra-heavy: Ix4—l12c, 1x5—13%c, Iix6—I15ce. Copper tubing inductance. Postage extra. Send for “Specials.” William Harrison, 85 Ft. Washington Ave., New York City. 15-200 meters. $5.50 and

TUBES—Perryman UX216B, $1.95. Navy 5 Watters, $1.35. Sylvania UX210, $5.50. UX250, $7.50. Will swap Ross rifle 803 cal. Complete. H, Mac- for SW Xmiiter. Leod. Seaford, N. Y. USED generators 275 volt d. ¢. $8. 6500 cycle 200 watt alternators, $10. % kw. $15. 6 volt input, output 400 volts at 200 watts d.c. $15. R, Wood, 46-20 102nd St., Corona, N. Y. WANTED: Navy standard receiver SE143, SE1220, or SE1420 or IP500 or IP501, also want audion control box

SE1071. State condition, manufacturer and price. Paul Trautwein. 15 Albany St., New York. TRANSFORMERS for eliminators, filament lighting, power packs and low power plate supply at factory prices. High grade Silicon steel, three leg core type punchings used for highest efficiency. Send for catalog. Electro- Tone Laboratories, 834 N_. Randolph, Philadelphia, Penn. NEW Morton Electric Company, motor generator sets 760V, 200W, $45.00. 1000V, 200W, $50.00. 1000V, 250W, $55.00 Wickoiled direct connected to 110V, 60 cycle, 1 Ph. motors. A Forbes, 4832 Rice St., Chicago, III. Eight hundred brand new ball bearing generators just purchased from the Navy. General Elec- tric 24/1500 volt .233 ampere triple commutator dyna- motors $37.50 with shaft adapted for external drive $3. additional. General Electric 24/750 volt .2 ampere $27.50 shaft $3.00. Crocker-Wheeler 24/1500 volt 450 watts $45. Holtzer-Cabot 12/500 volt 35 watts $20. 500 watt 500 cycle generators with exciters $15. Transformers $10. 900 cycle 200 watt with complete spark set $30. Others in stock for your requirement. Literature and fotos. Henry Kienzle, 501 East 84th St.. New York. PLATE and filament supply transformers for 25, 40, 50, 60 and 5600 cycle supply. Filter chokes and special coils built to order. Transformers and filter chokes exchanged. Scott Coil & Transformer Co., New Albany, Mississippi. TRANSFORMERS, 8 volt, 75 watt, $5.75; 12 volt, 150 watt, $6.50; mounted. Send for Ham List No. 2. Roeh- ert Annis, 524 N. Orential, Indianapolis, Ind. 9CUD. QRH? Twenty-nine is almost here. Better have that wavemeter calibrated in frequency to a high degree of accuracy. 9BVC, Lutesville, Missouri. SPECIAL made rectifier aluminum with small percent- age copper, stand more amperage, last longer, square foot $1.25. Lead $1.00. Elements, holes punched with bolts and nuts, new kind 1”x4” 15c, 1x6” 17c. old kind

1”x4” 18c, 1°x6” 15c pair prepaid. Best Silicon steel 014” cut to order 25-85<¢ Ib. Postage extra. Geo. Schulz, Calumet, Mich. CHEMRAD radio chemical outfit. Experimenters, you should know radio chemistry, the alluring, thrilling, new science. Complete outfit includes chemicals metals, ap- paratus, instructions sufficient to carry on chemical and radio experiments, even television. Send $4.98 money order, or sent C.O.D. Satisfaction guaranteed. Chem- ical Radio Co., 4780 D Drexel Bivd., Chicago. WANTED—Grebe CR-5 in good condition. State best price. A. L. Budlong, A.R.R.L. Headquarters. SELL or Swap—New Thordarson 500 watt plate trans- former 1500 and 200 centertapped $17.50. New Thor- darson combined plate and filament transformer 650 and two 7% volt filament windings $5.00. A few new West- ern Electric 211D fifty watters $28.00. Slightly used Thordarson 900 watt plate transformer 1000 and 1500

centertapped $138.00 and Acme 75 watt filament trans- former $6.00. I. Wolfe, 158 Schenck Ave., Brooklyn, New York. Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You end Helps QST

1500 volt 500 watt motorgenerator 8-phase drive $125.00; 220 volt single phase $155.00. 1000 volt 200 watt motor- generator, 110 volt AC drive $75.00. 750 volt 200 watt motorgenerator, 110 volt AC drive $45.00; 800 watt $65.00. 850 volt .15 ampere motorgenerator, 110 volt AC drive $22.50. 410 volt 100 watt generators, $8.50. Couplings $1.75. HP. 8450 speed motors $8.50; 1750 speed $7.00. Also larger motors and generators. Queen City Electric Co., 1734 Grand Ave., Chicago, Illinois. - HAM sale—transmitting and receiving parts. Sold sep- arately or exchanged for 852. Send for bargain list. E. Lacey, 561 Ontario St., Schenectady, i we WANTED 204A guaranteed or what have you. Have Roth constant potential charging outfit complete, type MBCl. 110-220 single phase, cost $275. Perfect condi- tion for exchange. W2ANS, New Rochelle, N. Y QSL cards. Cartoons. Hams say best made! Selden, Cranesville, Pa. 2500 volt 1000 watt motorgenerator. $2.25 James Smat. TRANSFORMERS 325-325, $4.00. tapped $8.00. MA $2.00. Write for specifications. Co., Orange, N. J. ODDS and ends.

H. M.

220 volt AC drive, 1784 Grand Ave., Chicago, Il. 7%-7% $5.50. 275-275, 5, 250 watt unmounted 2000, 1500, 1000 volts mid- Chokes, 250 MA $7.50, 160 MA $5.00, 100 Radio Parts Sales

Sing'e 80 meter REL inductance, $3; UV204 mountings $1.25; UP1653 80 henry choke $4; T'P1616 fifty watter transformer $18. 2mfd. 25600 volt lechtheim filters $5 each (2); UM576 O-500 milliam- meter $5: UT541 fifty watt socket, $1.50: UP1868 825 watt transformer $12; two 250 watt kenotrons $85 each; UM581 0-5 thermoammeter $5; Lynch relay $5. W. M. Derrick, 80 Leslie St., East Orange, N. J. “SPEED limit was 10—just managed to get license and stuck there until tried Dodge Radio Shortkut. Can now hit 20 per and shall soon be Commercial First—all thanks to you.” So reports MEASE, 8ANP. Method $38.50 United States. Elsewhere $4.00. Money order only. C. K. Dodee, Mamaroneck, New York. WANT several back numbers QST in 1921 and 1922 and a'l previous _ dates. Write 9APM, Des Moines, Io Towa. STILL soliciting burned out tubes, odd types for my tube collection—foreign country correspondence desired. Write 9APM, Des Moines, Iowa. Q R A SECTION 50c straight with copy in following address form only:

The folowing stations belong to members of the A.R.R.L. Headquarters gang. Mail for them should be addressed care A.R.R.L., Hartford, Conn. When operat- ing W1MK they use personal sines as indicated. WiMK A.R.R.L. Headquarters, R. B. Parmenter, Chief Op. “rp.” L. R. Huber “ou.” R. A. Hull “rah.” WI1AL H. P Westman “ws.” WIBDI F. E. Handy “fh.” WIBHW-WIiEH K. B, Warner “kb.” WIBMM-WIFL G. D. Meserve “dm.” WIiBUD A. L. Budiong “bud.” WICEI-W1SZ J. J. Lamb “jm.” WIES A, A. Hebert “ah.” WIKP FF. C. Beekley “beek.” Wi1PX C. G. Kenefick “ck.” W1SZ-WIBIZ C. C. Rodimon “rod.”

7a Avenida Norte No. Central America. yslFM—J. Fred Mejia, 19, San Salvador, El! Salvador, W2BUO—Werner H. Oupe, 14 Brooklyn Ave., Jamaica, LIN. Y More Projifs To Set Builders Elections, footbal: games, bix National events wili b est radio business this vear. Set build- ers will reap a rich barve-t, Barawik service will mak. you money. Everything in A-C sets, short wave, television, parts, supplie- World's largest radio stocks on hand. Orders shipped same day, rock-bottom wholesa'e prices. Write for Free Radio Catalog BARAWIK CO, iii24 Sena! sta, cHicaGco

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fell wh y AE POE PAE AANA Y2E 4 oa hly reminder of rhtfulness. BUAEDIA PO PAPO POA DAE AIGA? Help You With Your Christmas List n't you picture certain of friends (particularly the w who borrows your copy) vould be as delighted as re with QST ? subscription present is e, too. It serves as a your early subscription costs $2.50, little enough for nes you have in mind. we'll send an appro- gift-card conveying your mas Greetings. 1711 Park St., Hartford, Ct. send QST to the fol- ng, find my check enclosed, nd out the Greeting cards OPPO OEOCECOSST OCC CO eee) x | Bac tap GPU CM PANEDGNESA Y Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST le OST Can % PA PORINIG RA PAPAS SEBO DOAPA DDL DA DOM DOA PUDDLE FOR YOUR CONVENIENCE QST’S INDEX OF ADVER- TISERS IN THIS ISSUE A T.. ctddtmnricrcccesendsnnnees 8rd cover Aerevoxr Wireless Corporation ................ $0 SE SE, gvcccnscccssdsvewecaen “4 Allied Radio Corporation ienennanentnn 3 American Sales Company .. én 89, 90 American Transformer Company emit 80 Arcturus Radio Company .. — pas rf Auriema, Inc., Ad. : 84 A.R.R.L. Membership MEE ocdwiuaseeiancread 7 A.R.R.L. Emblem .... ae! 70 Barawik Company ...... 88, 93 Barros & Cla., M. ...... oawe 88 Burgess Battery Company ‘ ee 4th cover Candler System Company ecee 91 Cardwell Mfg. Corp., Allen D. ..........445. 55 Central Radluo Labs. ..... 2.2.26. ce cceccenees 81 Chicago Radlo Apparatus “Co. encieeweme 83 Clarostat Mfg. Co. ..... peeeeeoue ity Crosley Radlo Corporation anc ieeemen 96 Gunmtnohem, Bae., BF. ccc ccccccccccccccece 62 Deutschmann Company. TR. cdcccdenvenwaats ft Dodge. C. K. sv Dongan Elec Mfg. Co. 87 Dubilier Condenser Corp 58 Dudlo Mfg. Corp. ..... ee Tl Eastern Radio Institute .. enteenesaneues 87 Electrad. ine. ...... cceeeeeeennacene 89 Electric Specialty Company cnsetseceenesneded bt] Electro Mfg. Co. ... (r.kteescneennee 87 Elkon, Ime. .........- ‘ sceeceseseoues 53 Fansteei Products Company ..............+.s0. 82 Federal. Radio Corp. seccenesne ‘ Flechtheim & Co., Inc., A. M : swan $1 Formica Insulation Co. a0 ; cece 68 a ae errr bi General Radle Company 3nd cover Greven, Frank ...... Gulf Radio School none cKecKeben BieeGatet, DORE, BAO. occcccccccccecccccsccce 36 Been, Ge, By caccccessesccoccccess =r 34 Jewell Electrical Instrument Co. ... 07 83 Johnson i. Peeedheesseedsccccceesseesenns 88 Karas Electric Company .. sandioneéoeueeeeee 76 DE, EEE GE coc ceecccccccccecceseccnceee 85 Leeds Radio Company ........ ngeeseeses 63 Loomis Publishing Co. ..... Ssessebaueseees 86 Mass. Radio School ............ ncveccese $1 National Company, Inc nt eReneéebane 67 National Tuberculosis Association ............ 16 Neleem Company, £. BB. ..nccccccccccccccccce $1 Pacent Electric Company ............5e0ee8s 90 Photo Electric Devices, Inc. .............000+ 70 i th hk Sebebebneeteteesnnaceqeeésnunesane Te Potter Mfg. Company .. (cians eenneee 83 Premier Electric Company eeecee eoee 90 QST Binder ........... ‘ (satire 6s QST Christmas Offer .. aneoeensene o4 QST Special Subscription .............ccseees 160 Radie Amateur Call Book OS evccecesecss 78 Radio Amateur Bound Handbox ape ecient 4 Radio Amateur UHandbook .............. 77 ee CE a ccacancenccecseccoecess "66. 74, 78, 83 Radio Engineering Laboratories .............. Radio Institute of America ............ceeee 66 Radiovision Corporation ..........6.0scsseeee 7 Beagtineem POR. COMMON 2... ccccccccccccccccce 90 Rectifier Engineering Service .............+6. 89 BE, TB FT. cccccecessccccccccccescocsse si Gamma Biers Ge ccccccccscsccscocceccece S Scientific Radio Service ..... Shure Radio Company ..... ‘ se e 64 Bilver-Marshall, Inc. sencecece 1 Stromberg -Carlson Telephone Mfg. My weccas 61 Teleplex Company .... 1... .5 cee cccnecnceence 78, 85 DebewarGd Carpavetta 2ccccccccccccccccccccece 88 Thordarson Electric Mfg. Co. .........seee00- 95 TD GED. GA. ccossncccccscccncccecce bi} Van Nostrand Company, Inc., D. ............ 5e VEROMENR GHEE ccccccccccccccccccecccces se Tie Bees Bees GR. cccccccccsscccccsss 85 Se. GT ED ncvcteccenceocosceuseee Te Ses ee GR, cc cccvcccessecesesse 85 Weston Electrical Instrument Corp. .......... 8 Wireless Specialty Apparatus Co. .........55- uw X-L Radio Laboratories ..............sceees 86 WOE TED GOBEED ccccccccccccccocccccess 80 cee Or cif gra suc tor eas her

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A Thordarson Power Amplifier (Home Constructed) Will Transform Your Radio Into a Real Musical Instrument ITH the insistent demand for { quality reproduction, power am- plification has become a vital radio ne- cessity Today, it is hard to find a radio set manufacturer who does not employ one or more power tubes in the output stage of his receiver There is no need, however, for you to discard your present radio instru- ment in spite of the fact that it is out- classed by newer models with power amplification. You can build aT hordar- son Power Amplifier which, attached to your receiver, will provide a fullness and richness of reproduction that will equal or surpass the finest offerings of the present season. Thordarson Power Amplifiers are ex- ceedingly easy to assemble, even for the man with no previous radio experience Only the simplest tools are used. Spe- cific instructions with clear-cut photo graphs, layouts and diagrams insure success in home construction Whether your present receiver is fac- tory made or custom built one of these amplifiers may be attached with equal ease. In fact, most Thordarson Amplt- fiers require absolutely no changes in HORDARSON TRANS SPORM ERS SUPREME IN MUSICAL PERFORMANCE the wiring ot the receiver itself, attach- ment being made by means of a special plug which fits the last audio socket of the receiver. Thordarson Power Amplifiers for the home constructor and professional set builder range from the simple plate supply unit up to the heavy-duty three stage units employing the 250 type power tube in push-pull arrangement. These power amplifiers cover the re- quirements for every purpose and every pocket-book. They may be used with any type of horn, cone or dynamic speaker. With a background of over thirty- three years manufacturing quality transformers, it 1s only natural that so many manufacturers of receiving sets of undisputed superiority have turned to Thordarson as the logical source of their audio and power supply trans: formers The discriminating home con- structor will do well to follow the lead of these manufacturers when buying his power amplifier. Write to the factory today, enclosing 25c¢ for the new “Power Amplifier Manual”—just off the press MAIL THIS COUPON Ti ReapBigDividends Som {hisInvestment ——— , —_—S~ e No Amateur or Professional Set Builder Should Be Without This Book — “POWER AMPLIFIER MANUAL” A simple, yet complete, treatise on the subject of audio and power amplifi- cation, including full in- formation on building, ser- vicing, and testing power amplifiers in general. Also contains detailed specific construction data on twelve individual power units, with clear-cut lay- outs and diagrams of each. 25¢ Send 25¢ in Cash or Stampe for This New Book— Just Off the Press! Name Street and No. Town Gay You Saw Ib In QE T — le Identificn You and Helps QET THORDARSON ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING CO. 500 West Huron Street, Chicago, Illinois Gentlemen: Please send me your new Manual” for which I am enclosing 25c. () Please send me free of charge your instruction sheet on the amplifier I have checked below 171 Single (). 171 Push- Pull Pull (1 Stage) F. 210 Push-Pull (2 Stage) Stage) (). 250 Single (2 Stage) (J. 250 Push- Pull (8 Stage) OD. 210 Phonograph Amplifier (). “Power Amplifier . 210 Single DO. 210 Push- 250 Single (1 BAe... ncecvee

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|| — SENateyet-¥cytleectt-ie) ana aT = (©) Xoyo3 Bs AG Electric GEMBOX at .) 5’ recommendation enough ys ME y / ss J / f CROSLEY oe | DYNACONE 825. 6 Tube Battery Type BANOBOX $55 Extract every bit of enjoyment from the air with this Genuine Neutrodyne. con- : talns new features as ip amazing radio which only Crosley dealers sell! the AC sets: operates 8 Sales records shattered this season, report Crosley dealers dynamir twne speaker. from coast to coast. Why? What is the reason? Ask any Crosley dealer near you to hook a Crosley radio to your antenna and then that question answers itself. You will be thrilled, for you will hear radio reception Sane Dry Celi P so realistic, so beautifully rich and mellow and so full toned oe oy Z oe that you will say—“This is radio I never thought could be battery recharging ts in- mUSICON possible.” convenient; operates the ; And when you contemplate the price—$65, and note the MUSICONE. latest radio features ... shielding . . . power speaker opera- tion . . . illuminated dial and neutrodyne circuit, you will understand fully why Crosley Radio is such a tremendous success ! THE CROSLEY RADIO CORPORATION CINCINNATI, OHIO Powel Crosley, Jr., Pres. Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, and West prices slichtliy higher Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST

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\\ } = | : | Of course you want your new receiver to be the last word in sensitivity—to give you the greatest distance range and consistent reliable performance. Then build it around the famous Aero Interchangeable Short Wave Transmitting Coils. Aero Coils are acknowledged to be the finest short wave coils obtainable. Their patented construction makes them ninety-five percent air dielectric, with less than one- sixth the losses of celluloid or bakelite. The new two inch diameter coils have proven immensely popular. The Aero Short Wave Tuner Kit, LWT-12, illustrated above, con sists of three Aero Interchangeable Coils and base mount- ing with Primary Coil. Price Complete, $12.50. Aero Interchangeable Transmitter Kits I THE NEW 1929 AERO GREEN BOOK by

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BURGESS BATTERIES ~~ E | 4 . *~ : ’ rs a, ae tet : re . Meireprnon ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION Meireprnon ee + — ee mith Commander Byrds antarctic expedition =e ag Radio Engineer” _ mil?) We all a al S BUI RGESS BATTERY COM PANY MADISON, WISCONSIN

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— gm », BHREBLLLILIL |) aS UU I