QST 1928-10: Vol 12 Iss 10

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es it neters bucks ations work ators, fila. you rices, and ACW watt “call inds, Box NB —— aera DEVOTED ENTIRELY TO AMATEUR Bee RADIO PUBLIHED ZINCE (915 BY THE AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE INC. EXPLORING THE MYSTERIES OF HIGH-ANGLE RADIATION Experimental Antenna at 1CCZ—In This Issue fa

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TYPE 565-A TRANSFORMER PRICE $13.50 The Type 565-A Half-Wave [Transformer is rated at 200- wat The primary is de- signed for 110-120 volts, 50- 60 cycle AC. Secondaries of 61 olts tor plate, 7 volts rec ier tube filament, (be volt power tube filament, an volts are provided. GENERAL ransformers and (Shokes The General Radio Com- pany is prepared to supply the amateur complete equip- ment for the construction of heavy duty power supply units. This line consists of large and medium size power transformers, chokes, voltage dividers and miscellaneous small parts such as sockets and rheostats. oe Bulletin No. 930 On Request @@ 30 STATE ST. CAMBRIDGE, MASS. RADIO 74 tANNAN ST. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. COMPANY

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Ey Jhe Official Organ of the AR RL —_——_ VOLUME XIl OCTOBER 1928 Editorials Kansas Midwest Amateur Television The Frequency The Central Division Division Convention Waves Measurement Problem Convention A Superheterodyne for High Frequencies Receiver Characteristics and Their Measurements The Rocky Mountain Division Convention High Angle Radiation Election Notices A Portable Crystal Controlled Transmitter Picking the Right Filter Condenser 1929 Abbreviations The Duriron-Duralumin Electrolytic Rectifier . Visual Radio and Its Possibilities . What Length Antenna Calls Heard . A. BR WD. Correspondence News Transmitting Hints Kenneth B. Warner Harold P. Westman, Technical Editor QST is published monthly by The American Radio Relay League, Inc., at Hartford, Conn., U. 8. A. Official Organ of the A.R.R.L. and the International Amateur Radio Union (Secretary, A.R.R.L.), Editor-in-Chief and Business Manager Ross A. Hull, Associate Technical Editor James J. NUMBER 10 Ross A. J. Gluck ’. D. Landon Paul S. Hendricks J. Angus Bert E. Smith Norman E. Woldman A. Atsman Lamb ————_—— ; F. Cheyney Beekley, Managing Editor and Advertising Manager David H. Houghton, Circulation Manager Subscription rate in United States and Possessions, Canada, and all countriesin the American Postal Union, $2.50 per year, postpaid. Single copies, 25 cents. Foreign countries notin American Postal Union, $3.00 per year, postpaid be by international postal or express money order or bank draft negotiable in the U. Remittances should S. and for an equivalent amount in U. S. funds. intered as second-class matter May 29,1919, at the post office at Hartford, Connecticut, under the act of March 8, 1879. Accept- ance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 1103, Act of October 3, Additional entry as second-class matter, acceptable at srecial Copyright 1928 by the American Radio Relay League, Inc authorized September 17, 1924. Member of the Radio Magazine Publishers’ Association. 1917, authorized September 9, 1922. rate of postage provided for above, at Springfield, Mass., Title registered at United States Patent Office. —————

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The American Radio Relay League The American Radio Relay League, Inc., is a non-commercial ociation of radio amateurs, bonded for the promotion of interest in mateur radio communication and experimentation, for the relay- ge of messages by radio, for the advancement of the radio art and the public welfare, for the representation of the radio amateur in rislative matters, and for the maintenance of fraternalism and a eh standard of conduct. It is an incorporated association without capital stock, chartered der the laws of Connecticut. Its affairs are governed by a Board Directors, elected every two years by the general membership. The ers are elected or appointed by the Directors. The League is non- mercial and no one commercially engaged in the manufacture, sale rental of radio apparatus is eligible to membership on its board. “Of, by and for the amateur”, it numbers within its ranks prac- lly every worth-while amateur in the world and has a history of rious achievement as the standard-bearer in amateur affairs. Inquiries regarding membership are solicited. A bona fide in- ‘rest in amateur radio is the only essential qualification; ownership a transmitting station and knowledge of the code are not prere- site. Correspondence should be addressed to the Secretary. DIRECTORS President Dakota Division Pacific Division AM PERCY MAXIM Cc. M. JANSKY, JR. ALLEN H. BABCOCK Dr er 2102, Dept. of Elec. Eng., U. of M., 65 Market St., rtford, Conn. Minneapolis, Minn. Southern Pacific Co., a San Francisco Delta Division e-President BENJ. F. PAINTER : , Roanoke Division ;H. STEWS 424 Hamilton Nat’] Bank Bldg., Se aa > David's, _—— Chattanooga, Tenn. Ww. vat ELY Hudson Division Danville, Va. ; 8 Meneser DR. yoy ag DUNN eg 5 480 East 19th St. " . “tet } RUSSE ° Rocky Mountain Division Mail _— Brooklyn, N. Y. PAUL M. SEGAL to, Ont. Midwest Division Box 1771 PORTER H. QUINBY Denver, Colo. 817 Lauderman Building, a Division St. Louis, Mo. Southeastern Bs ~ y RY F. DOBBS LB yaya New England Dieteien e ~~ & Wey Co., Selleen. Oe DR. ELLIOTT A. WHIT 245 Spring St., N. W., Dartmouth College, Atle , Ga, Hanover, N. H Atlanta ” tral Division Northwestern Division West Gulf Division YDE E. DARR K. W. WEINGARTEN FRANK M. CORLETT Ave., Highland Park, $219 No. 24th St., 2515 Catherine St., Detroit, Mich. Tacoma, Wash. Dallas, Tex. OFFICERS ee «. « * & * Se 4 H1rrAM Percy Maxim, Hartford,Conn. President . . . . . . CHas. H. Stewart, St. David’s, Pa. etary. . . « « « « KENNETH B. WarRNeER, Hartford, Conn. wurer . . . . ARTHUR A. HEBERT, Hartford, Conn. inications Manager . . F. Epwarp HAnpy, Hartford, Conn. ERAL CORRESPONDENCE TO THE EXECUTIVE HEADQUARTERS AT HARTFORD, CONN

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EDITORIALS HE press in late August has been filled with reports of the purportedly false radio messages from the Rockford- Sweden fliers and the loud utterances of a gentleman prominent in aeronautics that he will seek a resolution demanding the can- celling of the 20,000 amateur station licenses in this country to protect the families of aviators from the cruel hoaxes of amateurs. The distress signals and messages indeed seem to have been false, and their transmis- sion fills every normal person with a feeling of righteous indignation. Only a person of dwarfed and twisted mind and heart could conceive and execute such an act. Who- ever he is, wherever he is, he should be brought to justice and given the ample pen- alties provided by law for this offense. But we are equally indignant that this matter should so freely have been attributed to an amateur, a thought apparently first planted in the public mind by a spokesman of America’s largest radio communication company. What reason is there for thinking that such a thing was done by an amateur more than by any other class of operator? In these days of round-the-world signals on any power, where is there more reason for thinking that a United States amatéur is any more responsible than a person of any other country? We find it impossible to conceive that this act was done by an amateur operator. No licensed amateur in his right mind, knowing the heavy penalties provided, would do such a thing. Would an amateur who has spent years in obtaining proficiency in communi- cating, spent his money to build a station with no hope of monetary return, obtained his licenses under oath, be likely to violate that oath, commit a crime, jeopardize his station and his freedom and the repute of his whole fraternity? There are many thousands of persons in the world, many classes of radio operators and stations, from whom those signals might have come. They may, indeed, have been transmitted by some interest seeking to discredit amateur radio, to bring dishonor upon us and to discredit the remarkable accomplishments of amateur radio in maintaining contact with distant expeditions. To accuse amateur radio of this offense, without the slightest justifica- tion, is a rank injustice to the body which has contributed tirelessly of its energy and time in maintaining contacts with modern man’s more spectacular adventures, not the least of which contacts have been in the field of aviation. Aviation apparently has much to learn about what amateur radio has done and can do for the man who flies. The amateur’s history of accomplishment is replete with stories of his aid to air enterprise, as any file of QST’s will show. Frequently the radio equipment of just such flights as this has been designed, built and installed and tested by amateurs, who then were the chief contact with the plane when it made its flight. We amateurs have often shouldered faults that should have rested upon others— the power company, poor receivers, even Old Mother Nature herself. Are we now to be blamed for all the false aviation mes- sages that happen? What about these bottle messages, washed up on many a beach, a last message from lost fliers? Did we per- petrate these “heartless hoaxes” too? It seems established that false signals were sent. Because we amateurs have been the chief sufferers from that occurence, we are the worst enemy the sender of those messages has, whoever he may be. We want to find him if we can, whoever he is, wher- ever he is, and see that he gets what is com- ing to him. If he should turn out to be an amateur, and a member of this League, we would feel ashamed but it would make no difference. Certainly we don’t want any such person in amateur radio. The A.R.R.L. therefore is searching for this offender, and offers a reward of $500 for information which will lead to his conviction. Any per- son having the slightest inkling of the iden- tity of the hoaxer will confer a favor upon the League by communicating with the Secretary. If it is an amateur operator, no honest and sincere amateur should have the slightest repugnance in exposing him, for he has done a dastardly thing and should be put where he will not cause further trouble. Whether he is a member of our organiza- tion or not, we want his scalp as quickly as we can get it—this year, next year, ten years from now. FFECTIVE October ist the calls of all United States amateur stations are changed to begin with the letter “W” in the case of mainland stations and with the letter “K” in the case of stations in Hawaii, Porto Rico, Alaska and the Virgin Islands. Canadian amateur calls already have been changed to begin with the letters “VE”.

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Kan Spor and OST tion now arises as to what we about intermediates. We are ») use the old standard interme- when our calls are changed. This satisfactory between United ions, between Canadian stations, na United States and a Canadian Anything additional would be But what of the other coun- amateur calls have not yet been what should they do when work- ther, and what should we do when Our I.A.R.U. international es have worked most splendidly we had no other designation of but their use in connection with 1. call that of itself indicates na- ild be a ghastly combination. nagine “5BY egne de VE9AL”?! given this subject considerable Headquarters and believe we sfactory solution. We are sup- »”’ from now on in this coun- it a few weeks, or a few months calls in other countries will be demand the use of “de”. It order, then, that all of us t a new plan in which the inter- “de”. This will be possible if the I.A.R.U. intermediate as a ad of an intermediate. Then prefix is officially changed by ment concerned, the transition Consider England, for “de easy. OCTOBER, 1928 example. We call them “EG” stations now, and we thing, for instance, of “eg5BY”, What will be a more natural form of calling, from now on, than to say “eg5BY de VE9AL”? Then if England officially changes all amateur calls to begin with the letter “G”, as is probable, it will be simply a matter of saying “G5BY de VE9AL”. We have been reluctant to propose 4 change in our I.A.R.U. intermediates which uses them other than as intermediates, but considering that these are times of change and that we are on our way towards the universal use of “de”, it seems justifiable. We have in mind too that there will be some localities where the government will be very late in acting, or where perhaps there is no government control, and there our I.A.R.U. two-letter designations can con- tinue to be used as the initial letters of calls, providing us automatically with a system to care for such contingencies. It also will be pleasant to have with us, for years to come, some little reminder of a system which has worked so sweetly for us as these old inter- mediates. a So that’s the dope, fellows: “de” for an intermediate, official prefixes where they are assigned by governments, the old I.A.R.U. letters as a prefix until the governments act (or forever, if they don’t act). There! That’s one more little 1929 prob- lem solved. Wottalife we amateurs lead! K. B. W. Midwest Division Con- vention 12-13, Topeka, Kansas. nsas section of the Midwest is not going to be left behind ear insofar as a convention is The Kaw Valley Radio Club is the event which will take place Kansas, on October 12th-13th, the full approval of Director » will be our guest of honor. tings will take place at the Cham- nerce and the Banquet at the hawk, and the best part of it ail sing to cost just $2.50. ntend to have plenty of amuse- good talks on pertinent radio E. Deines, 9CV, 940 Brooks St.., Topeka, Kans., asks that you write him and just say: “I’ll be there, OM.” That’s all. +e Amateur Television Waves HE Federal Radio Commission on August 3d authorized the use, by amateurs, of television and picture transmission apparatus in the bands 1715 to 2000 ke. (150-175 meters) and 56,000 to 60,000 ke. (the 5-meter band), as forecast in our last issue. All the amateur bands are open to teleg- raphy. Telephony is permitted in the bands described above and also from 3500 to 3550 ke. (84.5 to 85.7 meters). No provision has heretofore existed for amateur television and picture transmissions. Amateurs may now engage therein, without further au- thority, in the frequency ranges stated. Al

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now, is ling, ally nd on by 15 to st OCTOBER, 1928 Ost The Frequency Measurement Problem Applications of the Monitor in Transmitter Setting and Signal Checking By Ross A. Hull* fourth phase of the work of the A.R.R.L. given detailed examination. In this article the tical solutions presented. In view of the present off-band operation, it is not surprising that amateurs have been wonder ing how it will be possible for them to stay within the relatively narrow confines of the 1929 bands and to know definitely and at all times that the frequency of their transmitters is legal. ‘As the Technical Development Program this problem has been difficulties are discussed and some thoroughly prac- —Editor F the is to operate his sta- amateur tion satisfactorily in the coming year it is quite certain that he will have to add to his accomplishments the ability to determine definitely and at all times whether his transmitter is emitting a suf- ficiently constant and rolls around. From which the mature QST reader will deduce that the writer is pre- pared to reiterate his plea for the general adoption of monitoring until such time as the typewriter gives out, and that the ma- chine is standing the strain well. narrow band of fre- quencies and whether the frequencies are within the limits of the band. To transmit a signal which clutters up ten kilocycles of a 1929 band, the amateur will have to be insuffer- ably inconsiderate. He will be scorned. To transmit a signal out side the band he will have to be dismally ill- advised. He will be pitied, for he will be doomed to extinction. Nothing is more evi- dent than the necessity for the universal adop- tion of some method of checking the character of the signal and its frequency at all times. It is fortunate, then, that this undoubted universal necessity can FREQUENCY MEASURE- MENT It may seem strange that we should sudden- ly divert the discussion to the fields of fre- quency measurement, but we shall see, as the story develops, that monitoring and §fre- quency measurement are very closely re- lated. We hope to clear the air a little on the subject of frequency measurement in gen- eral in order to present more satisfactorily our ideas concerning the application of the “mon- itor box” in this work. The frequency meter (or more correctly, wave meter) of the present day which has served to keep most of our stations within the limits of the bands, con- be covered by the addi- tion to the _ station equipment of a simple monitor —an inexpen- sive oscillator fitted with plug-in coils to cover the in which the transmitter is to be oper- ated. So simple is the apparatus and so effective is it in checking the signal in character and frequency that we have failed to find any good reason why every sincere amateur should not make it his duty to place one in operation before the new year Technical Editor, QST. -In Technical Development Program. FIG. 1. bands * Associate charge A.R.R.L. THE “SERIES-GAP” FRE- QUENCY METER sists of a fixed induct- ance and a_ variable condenser so _ propor- tioned as to permit tun- ing over the bands, and calibrated more or less accurately. The meters have been inexpensive to buy, simple to construct, but, in the latter case, difficult to calibrate. No particular de- mands have been made on the accuracy of the instruments, since the bands were wide and off-wave operation was not a par- ticularly serious offense. Plate milliam- meters have been dipped, flash lamp bulbs

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ment the capa

Ost on tubes glowed throughout amateur radio with fairly faction. Our objectives in ry work on this subject were rough practical study of these letermine just how far short kotor Stator Plates Share | y

a 7 a d>, ] +> lool << A Shatt fd, | l | ul [dz

RB kIG 4 ements they fell, and to evolve dified but equally simple h would serve with complete the new year. bvious at once that this year’s ve unsuited primarily on ac- way in which the bands will narrow segments of the even if the capacity range of s decreased, full dial cover- ve expected. Nevertheless a with a single low capacity r in order to see just how could be for the various would work out in prac- r is that illustrated in Fig. ondenser embodies a some- rrangement, we will treat it ntage of the standard type of nser when used in a frequen- it any longitudinal displace- or unit (in the direction of t) results in a change in the of the condenser, and con- OCTOBER, 1928 sequently in the calibration of the meter. The reason for this is that the capacity of such a condenser is inversely proportional to the product of the dielectric thicknesses, Referring to Fig. 2A, and assuming that the three plates represented comprise the variable condenser, the capacity of the con- 1 denser is proportional to ——. It can be seen that if d: and d. are each equal to 3 units of thickness, the capacity of the con- denser will not be the same as when the rotor is displaced to the point where d, is 2 units and d: is 4 units. THE “SERIES-GAP” The condenser illustrated in Figure 1, based on principles expounded by the Eng- lish experimenter W. H. F. Griffiths’, is so arranged as to overcome this disadvantage CONDENSER DIAL READINGS

14000 14100 14200 14300 14400 8 1000 TI00 7200 7300+ Cc 3500 3600 3700 3600 3900 4000 FREQUENCY CALIBRATION CURVES OF THE METER SHOWN IN FIG. 1. Showing how a single capacity range variable con denser has the disadvantage of cramping the higher frequency bands on small segments of the dial in this case the 3500 ke. band occupies 85 degrees, the 7000 ke. band 32 degrees, and the 14000 ke. band 17 degrees. FIG. 3. by placing the dielectric gaps between the rotor and stator plates in series. The ar- rangement is that shown in Figure 2B and unlike the standard type of condenser it can be shown that its capacity is inversely proportional to the sum (not the product)

1. The Accuracy and Calibration Performance of Variable Air Condensers for Precision Wavemeters— . H. F. Griffiths, A. M. I. E. E., Mem. I. R. E. (Experimental Wireless and the Wireless Engineer, January, 1928.)

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ter, r of mal ses, hat the on- g- so ge OCTOBER, 1928 of the two dielectric thicknesses. Since the capacity is proportional to r 1 1 since d:+d, is a constant, the change in ca- pacity due to displacement of the rotor is avoided. In fact the rotor could be so far displaced as to place one rotor plate in con- tact with its adjacent stator without seri- ously impairing the calibration of the con- denser, since in that case the capacity would ~ and be proportional te and d. would still be equal to the sum of d, and d. for any other setting. The condenser, which has been styled the “series-gap” condenser, was therefore considered promising for an am- ateur frequency meter, particularly as the arrangement could be provided cheaply by modification of existing standard conden- sers. For this particular meter a 500-uufd. Cardwell taper-plate condenser was chosen Ost All but 2 rotor plates removed. shatt Stator mounting cut away to insulate the two remaining stator plates FIG. 5. DETAILS OF THE THREE-CAPACITY- ?tANGE CONDENSER susceptible to bending and conse- quent disturbing of the calibration. The alterations consisted in remov- ing all except two rotor plates (spacing them with washers from an ordinary type Cardwell) and in removing all except the two outer fixed plates which were separated by cutting away slices of the meta! stator supports with a hack saw. When a suitable spacing of the rotor plates had been obtained to give a full scale coverage on the 3,500 ke. (“80 meter”) band the coils were wound and the instru- ment calibrated. The curves ob- tained for three bands are those shown in Fig. 3 and it can be seen that whereas readings could be ob- tained without difficulty on the 3,- 500 ke. curve and the cramped dial coverage on the other bands intro- duced difficulties. FIG. 4. A FREQUENCY METER HAVING capacity ranges. was wound. The coils used in this meter were: Diameter Length Band Turns of Turns of Winding 3,500 ke 44 24%" 1 1/16" 7,000 ke 20 22" 7/16” 14,000 ke. 10 2"" 7/32” 28,000 ke. 5 2” ” In all coils 24 gauge double silk wire was used. It must be understood that these coils will not neces- sarily serve for any other condenser. The dimen- sions are presented as a rough guide only. on account of its suitability for. conversion and because the heavy plates would be less ALMOST FULL SCALE COVERAGE FOR EACH BAND The variable condenser, modified as shown in Fig 5 has three The pins on the coils are arranged to fit into two of the three sockets so that the capacity utilized ia suited for the frequency band for which the coil particular frequency SPREADING OUT ALL BANDS In order to attempt to overcome these difficulties the meter illus- trated in Fig. 4 was built. The condenser, which embodies the re- sult of much mental gyration, is range shown more clearly in Fig. 5. It is operated as a “series-gap” condenser for the 28,000 ke, and 14,000 ke. bands and as a standard type of condenser on the three lower frequency bands. For the two high frequency bands the inductance is plugged into the sockets 1 and 2 so utilizing a condenser of the type shown in Fig. 2B. The 7,000 ke. inductance is plugged into the sockets 2 and 3 so con- necting it across the capacity given by the plates C and D. For the 3,500 and 1,715

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12 OST ke. e coil goes into sockets 1 and 3 in wv ise the larger capacity between plate nd B comes into service. In pract he scheme works out beautifully in } g open scales on all bands, as can | from the curves of Fig. 6. The mech irrangement of the condenser is Sim at illustrated in Fig. 1 with the , yo. I $+ 4 44 bd See es FREQUENCY METERNe2 [TTT | ‘Series Gap’ for co | 44000 and 28000 AC \~} AAT bands co SSSR eeeeeeeeee Bese 4+} , oo j Haat EHH i _# se! =o matical 29000 29500 30000 4200 14300 14400 0 7200 7300 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 FIG RRATION CURVES FOR’ THE ' HOWN IN FIGS. 4 AND i hat each band occunies almost the differ it the three sockets are pro- vided inately the location of these sock ich that the separation between them gressively greater as the ca- pacit} increases, conveniently allow- ing v ls where they are desirable for the | equency bands. In istment of the condenser the spacil tor plates B and C is varied by ir r removing washers until sat- isfact erage is obtained on the 14,000 ke. | Then the shaft is moved longi- tudin r the plates moved on the shaft the capacities given by plates CD a B are suited for the 7,000 and 3,500 inds_ respectively. This ad- justn the rotor is greately simpli- fied b fact that, in accordance with the “ p” idea, it does not affect the capa re obtained from the term- inals 1 for 14,000 and 28,000 ke. work. The a nt of the particular condenser desc ich that the plates B and C are se] by four washers taken from a star irdwell condenser. The ap- proxin paration of plates A and B, meas he shaft, is %” while plates C OCTOBER, 1928 and D are separated by 34”. This adjust- ment will not necessarily be satisfactory in a similar meter provided with coils of different distributed capacity but these fig- ures will serve as a guide. AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD At this stage a third experimental meter was built, the scheme used to spread the dial readings being that of using fixed con- densers across the higher frequency coils, so making the capacity of the variable con- denser a progressively smaller percentage of the total capacity across the coil. This meter is illustrated in Fig. 7, its curves tor four frequency bands being given in Fig. 8. The variable condenser was evolved from a 500-uufd. Cardwell taper-plate, one stator and one rotor being left to do the work. Adjustment of its capacity range was simplified greatly by the fact that the single rotor plate could be moved towards or from the stator plate by adjustment of the shaft bearings once its approximate position had been set by the disposition of spacer washers on both sides of it. In the particular meter illustrated a spacing of 1/16”, measured at the shaft, was found desirable, though this dimension will not necessarily serve when coils of slichtly dis- similar construction are used. The coils, described under the photograph, are so pro- portioned that the pins are spaced the same distance as the terminals of the Sangamo “loading” condensers used. In this way it is possible to screw the pins through the former and into the condensers, making a neat and inconspicuous mounting for them. The fact that the frequency bands are spread so well across the dial makes the adjustment of the coil size quite a delicate proposition, and for this reason it is not possible to specify dimensions that will hold good in all cases. In building a similar meter it will be advisable to start off with a turn or so more than the number men- tioned, giving the coil a light coat of Duco lacquer before its adjustment is completed. In the case of the high frequency band coils it can be expected that the adjustment must be carried to within half a turn or so if the band is to be located symmetrically across the dial. OTHER TUNING SYSTEMS By the time that these meters and other less satisfactory ones had been built we had become profoundly interested in the prob- lem of building tuning circuits that would permit each of the various bands of odd widths to be spread across the dial. In our present meters and receivers on ex- istent bands no difficulties are involved since each higher frequency band is twice the width in kilocycles of the band which pre- ceded it. A tuning condenser which tunes any one band across most of its dial gives approximately the same open scale on all

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928 ust- ory OCTOBER, 1928 other bands. In the case of the new bands this is not so for the bands are of dizzy widths having no such harmonic relation. A tuning condenser with a certain capacity range suited for one band will not be sat- isfactory for all others. We realized the inevitable importance of the problem of open scales on all bands in work on receiv- ers yet to be done and could see that some of the gadgets evolved for frequnecy meter work might well be applied successfully in receivers. The arrangement illustrated in Fig. 4, for instance, in some slightly modi- fied form might well be successful. We could see, however, that the scheme shown ost 13 unsatisfactory for frequency meter work (on account of possible inaccuracies in resetting of the rotor plate) is undoubtedly one com- plete answer to the receiver problem. This condenser was evolved from a 500-uufd. Na- tional “Equitune” by removing all except one stator and one rotor plate and by mounting the latter on a sleeve or collar (cut from the old shaft of the same con- denser). In this collar was mounted a set- screw to clamp the rotor on the shaft at predetermined positions. These positions were decided upon by setting the conden- ser at zero and winding a coil to tune toa frequency slightly above the edge of the band for this capacity. Then the condenser was turned to maximum and the rotor moved back and forth along the shaft until the circuit tuned to a frequency a little below the other edge of the band. As the position was determined for each band a countersink or conical im- pression was drilled in the shaft to take the set screw. In practice the scheme worked splendidly. When the coil in the receiver is changed the set screw on the rotor is re- leased and the rotor plate slipped to the proper position, the sei- screw then being given its half turn to hold the setting. The process is found to be thoroughly natural and straight forward and the time re- quired to change from band to band, in addition to that necessary for coil changing, would not per- mit the blinking of two eyelids. But we must dismiss that side issue for the present. THE METERS IN OPERATION By this time we had obtained what we considered accurate cali- bration of the meters using, for the roa. 7. & METER USING FIXED The coils used with this meter are as follow: Dia. Length Fixed Shunt d CAPACITIES ACROSS THE 7000, 14,000 AND 28,000 KC. BAND COILS TO SPREAD THOSE BANDS ACROSS THE DIAL. work, a number of crystals of es- tablished accuracy, wave meters of repute, and the received signals of commercial crystal controlled transmitters of known frequency. Weaknesses were found in our Band Turns of Turns of Winding Capacity ° ya = re " ne curves at many places but in gen- 7.000 ke. 9 r 5/16” 100 unfd eral they were considered to be at 14,000 ke. , = Y%_"" 0 unfd least as accurate as the average 28,000 ke. ? "9 3/16" 50 wufd amateur would get them. The With the exception of the 3,500 ke. coil, which is with 24 gauge wire, 20 gauge double silk covered tuning condenser of slightly different capacity range in Fig. 7 would not be as promising since the inductance-capacity ratio goes down in Jumps as the frequency is increased, and the receiver effectiveness is therefore im- paired by a loss of detector grid voltage. On the other hand, the arrangement il- lustrated in Fig. 9, which was considered wire is used. These dimensions should serve as a rough guide but tt is possible that may have to be varied considerably if a is used. wound problem was now to examine the degree of accuracy with which the frequency of a transmitter could be set or measured by them. And in this work there were some sur- prises in store for us. The scheme employed for our examina- tion involved setting a transmitter to zero beat with a crystal of known frequency and maintaining it in that condition while its frequency was measured by all the methods within the reach of the amateur. When

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14 Ost * ny urves were plotted from the read- ing he indicating device, as the fre- que! eter was tuned through resonance, » avoid any error resulting from FREQUENCY METER No.3 Added fixed cap- aa? acity for 1000 A /4.000 and 28,000 af sSeene K C.bands v fi = 4 A 2 28500 29000 29500 30000 B 4100 14200 14300 14400 Cc T7100 7200 7300 ) 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 FI LIBRATION CURVES OF THE METER SHOWN IN FIG. 7 the isual visual or aural estimation of tl ximum or minimum readings of the ir r. At the same time, however, visu 1ural estimations were made in order heck them with the actual maxima or n ndicated on the curves, TI Its of the first run are shown in Fig The transmitter (an oscillator- amp! was first set to zero beat with the h nie of crystal falling at 7,080 kc. Then empt was made to measure its frequ by the much used method of coup! he frequency meter to the plate coil ning the former until the plate mill er of the transmitter showed a defi In these runs readings of the plat t were taken for each setting of th 1ency meter dial, the readings being rwards plotted against the dial readit | the indicated frequency. The curv’ wn in Fig. 10 are for different value uupling between the meter in- duct: 1 the plate coil of the trans- mitter being that of the minimum coup- ling ted and E that of the maxi- mum. an be seen at once that the vari- ous ] do not by any means coincide. The f ey indicated by curve E, in fact, differ m that of curve A by about 35 ke. or one half of one per cent, and yet b them were taken with values OCTOBER, 1928 of coupling which undoubtedly have been and still are used by many amateurs. At the same time it should be noted that the frequency indicated in curve A—which is probably the most accurate of the group— is 35 ke. above that of the transmitter and that the indication of curve E is 70 ke, or about one per cent above the correct value. FURTHER SERIOUS ERRORS When many similar families of curves had been taken under these conditions th- transmitter was changed over to self-ex,. tion and again adjusted to zero beat ‘x,, the same crystal. With the same frequen- cy meter and the same plate current de- flection method the curves shown in Fig. 11 were taken. From curve A—for which the minimum coupling was used—the indicated frequency is of the order of 7,055 kc. differ- ing by about .35 per cent from the transmit- ter, while in curve C, taken with a higher value of coupling the reading is 7,075 kc, which, through a combination of errors, is strangely close to the actual value. Curve D, taken with much greater coupling, is in- cluded to show the double humped curve ob- FIG. 9. A VARIABLE RANGE VARIABLE CON- DENSER The rotor plate, being mounted on a collar pro- vided with a set-screw, can be moved to predeter- mined positions, so giving a number of different capacity ranges. It is one satisfactory solution to the problem of providing full-scale coverage on all banda in the receiver. tained with excessive coupling and the con- sequent possibility of making a serious er- ror by taking a reading at either peak. So far, with the same frequency meter, meas- uring a transmitter output of constant fre- quency, we had obtained readings differing by 100 ke. or one third of the width of the entire band! At this time the frequency meter was fit- ted up with a three-turn pick-up coil con-

Page 13

been t the ch is up— ’ and Cc. or alue. irves ated Ter- . rve ob. — eS F OCTOBER, 1928 nected to a crystal rectifier and a milliam- meter reading to 1.5 m.a. in the manner shown in Fig. 12. This device’ provided an extremely sensitive indicating system, permitting much looser coupling between the frequency meter and the transmitter. After the calibration of the frequency me- ter had been checked the curves shown in Fig. 13 were taken with the transmitter still zero beating with the same crystal. In these curves the maxima appeared at points ranging from 7120 to 7160 ke. show- ‘1g, @ variation of 40 kc. (about .5 per cent) ‘a maximum deviation from the trans- uutted frequency of 80 ke. or more than one per cent. With the determination to find some means of making accurate use of the fre- quency meter calibration we again set the transmitter to zero beat with the crystal and, with the same frequency meter, pro- ceeded to take readings by the method de- scribed by Aiken’. The scheme required the setting of a separate oscillator to zero beat with the transmitter, with the fre- quency meter coupled to the separate oscil- lator, but open circuited. It then required the tuning of the meter, and the consequent “pulling” of the oscillator, until the beat note had climbed from zero, fallen to zero ; —_+—_+_+ } mi esi a Racal PLATE CURRENT (M.A) wv —S 40% 7300 7250 ‘1200 T1150 100 ©1050-1000 FREQUENCY (indicated by frequency meter dial readings) FIG. 10. THE FREQUENCY OF AN OSCILLA- TOR-AMPLIFIER AS INDICATED BY THE PLATE CURRENT DEFLECTION METHOD 4, B, C, D and E are curves of plate currents vs indicated frequency taken with various values of coupling between the frequency meter inductance and the transmitter plate coil. The indicated fre- quency is seen to be higher as the coupling is re- duced. and again climbed. At the center of the zero beat area between the two peaks the reading was to be found. Some results ob- tained with this method with various val- ues of coupling between the meter and oscil- 2. An Improved Type of Wave Meter Resonance Indicator—Morris S. Strock, (Scientific Papers of the Bureau of Standards, No. 502) 3. A Precision Method for the Measurement of High Frequency.—Charles Bayne Aiken, (Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, February, 1928). OsT lator are shown in Fig. 14, the zero beat areas being shown by the horizontal lines with the approximate position of the peaks on each side. In this case the maximum variation in the indicated frequencies is about 75 ke. or about 1.06 per cent of the higher value. The reading as shown in curve A—obtained with the minimum coup- ling—is seen to be 7060, or about .28 per cent off the correct value. The reading G, however, is in error to the extent of 1.34 PLATE CURRENT (M.A) ke 7300 = 7250 1200 150 1100 7050 1000 FREQUENCY ( indicated by frequency meter dial readings) FIG. 11. CURVES SIMILAR TO THOSE OF FIG. 10 TAKEN WITH A_SELF-EXCITED TRANS- MITTER Though the transmitter was adjusted to zero beat with the same crystal to which the oscillator-am- plifier was adjusted, the indicated frequency is here seen to differ considerably. per cent, and is, as it happens, well outside the band. MORE EVIDENCE A great many similar curves were taken with other indicating devices, including a vacuum tube voltmeter coupled to the fre- quency meter inductance, but they made us no less horrified at the errors which can be made with the frequency measurement Frequency Meter oaks —— ™~ Inree turn pick- up cil —- Fixed crystal ousma.) \ depector'te Meter ~ rectify RF. FIG. 12 methods which are in such general use. We had endeavored to do the work with care— in just the way that the average sincere amateur would do it—and yet with the same meter, measuring a transmitter of constant

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16 OST OCTOBER, 1928 fr t could be considered as being on frequencies between 7160 and 698 values differing by 175 kc. or ab per cent of the actual frequency. = 7200 150 1100 wSs0 1000 ndicated by frequency meter dial readings VES TAKEN WITH THE INDI- DEVICE SHOWN IN FIG. 12 ndicated frequency was still de- coupling between the frequency asmitter. It easured under different condi- tior different methods, be consid- ered above the center of the band or ] w the bottom! And from our expe we know that even this degree of “a ’ will not be approached if the peak timated instead of read from a com] nance curve. It would seem quite that our existing meters, even thoug may have been quite accurate- ly |, have given the same inac- cura along because they were not em] taking a measurement under exa ime conditions in which they wert ted. It is just that the past pract ramping several hundred kilo- cycl degree of the dial has failed to n errors apparent. Of , we fully appreciate the fact that rures may represent extreme val onditions which would rarely be { erage amateur work, but, on the l, we truly believe that the exam] ufficiently “true to life” to justif lecision that the amateur will have t fully the serious limitations of tl ntional home built and ecali- brat ney meter if he hopes to judge with even whether he is within the limit and in which he is working. The f the error wlll not be of seri- ous p if the meter is always used under nditions in which it is cali- brat us favor greatly the idea‘ of using ter coupled permanently to an oscilla rated in that position, and .-s ff, SCMP has, for some time, used nded a somewhat simliar scheme. read in the Aiken manner described before, The wiring of such an arrangement is shown in Fig. 15. The frequency meter proper, which could be made similar to one of the meters described, is housed in one compartment of a shield which also houses a monitor. The coupling between the me- ter and the oscillator is made through a very small adjustable condenser which can be built in the manner of the condensers which have been so generally used to couple our antennae to our receivers. Before calibra- tion this condenser is set permanently at some value which will permit the meter to exert sufficient “pull” on the oscillator. The calibration could well be accomplished by receiving the standard frequency transmis- sions and the signals of commercial stations of known frequency, setting the oscillator to zero beat with the receiver and the sig- nal, and then finding the two peaks and the zero beat area on the frequency meter dial in the Aiken manner. As a modification of this scheme 1CEI has suggested that it may be possible to measure the frequency of the transmitter with greater accuracy and less equipment by providing the monitor with a frequency meter in the compartment adjoining it which tunes only over a band of frequencies from, say, 3,430 to 4,000 ke. Then, if the trans- mitter is on the 7,000 ke. band, it can be caused to beat with the second harmonic of the monitor, the position of the beat on 3500 ke. band being measured and the in- dicated frequency being multiplied by two to give the frequency of the transmitter. Similarly, if the transmitter is on the 14,000 ke. band it could beat with the fourth har- monic of the monitor, the location of the ->——_+—_++ + + + —4——_-4. + + + + . + + + + + + ee ee ee + | ros sea ee | i - 4 = | | | | | | - —o + — Bee&a ae Eee ae 7300 7200 100 7000 FREQUENCY (sndicated by frequency meter dial readings ) FIG. 14. SHOWING THE ZERO BEAT AREAS OBTAINED WITH THE AIKEN METHOD DE- SCRIBED IN THE TEXT Though the transmitter was still at zero beat with the same crystal the frequency, indicated on the same meter used to obtain the previous curves, did not check. Im addition it still varied as the coupling between the frequency meter and the oscillator was varied. beat again being found on the 3500 ke. band and the indicated frequency multiplied by four to give the transmitter frequency.

Page 15

1928 fore, nt is neter » one | one Uses me- very 1 be hich our bra- y at r to The by nis- ons itor sig- the lial ‘EI ter ont icy ch m, is- be ‘ic n- 10 OCTOBER, 1928 THE MONITOR AS A FREQUENCY INDICATOR For the average amateur, however, who has not resolved to set his transmitter on say 7,123 or 14,021 ke., but who is merely determined to be within the band and per- haps near the bottom, top or center, there is a beautifully simple method which in- yolves the use of nothing more than the simple monitor box which we claim is so essential for the work of transmitter tuning. In this scheme the receiver is first switched on to locate the commercial signals of known ftequency which undoubtedly will make the edges of the amateur band. When this has been done the receiver is tuned to the point within the limits set by these com- mercial “markers” at which the transmit- ter is to be located, and the monitor is then tuned to zero beat with the receiver. The setting of the transmitter to this frequen- cy at this time is merely a matter of tun- ing it to zero beat with the monitor. In this manner the transmitter can be put definitely within the required section of the band and, if the monitor was built with care and calibrated with the receiver against stations of known frequency at the ends and within the band, there would seem to be no reason why the frequency setting could not be made with precision. Pos- sibly it would be necessary to check the calibration of the monitor from time to time, to guard against variations due to the decay of batteries, but this would in- volve nothing more than beating it, in con- po-----4--------------- i | Smea// | Couplin fx reqezoed | ulate: FIG. 15. THE WIRING OF THE COMBINED MONITOR-FREQUENCY METER junction with the receiver, with a few of the known frequency stations. Conversely, any setting of the transmitter can be found on the monitor, and with the transmitter switched off, the frequency can be located on the receiver and its approximate fre- quency determined by its relation to known points on the receiver dial. It might be explained that the usual receiver cannot be used for this work without the aid of a monitor since the pick-up of the battery leads and external wiring, even when the tuner is shielded, is so great that the signal OST 17 from the transmitter is nothing more than a heavy rumble across the entire dial. In some cases, where the receiver and its batteries are completely shielded, the re- ceiver can replace the monitor, but even .then the antenna lead would have to be Rey rrr ee ee te ee —_ . | Shield | UX 199 j | ! L ! 1 t | | l I ! | | 3 2 | > } ( = ' r- | ! = . Rec! | | | c ' ! | L t § a, 1 | ; Filement | 1 jlamen i ' Saeed ate] (a Control Jack | iets hceensiueanie abenstaiianeael a. FIG. 16. SHOWING THE CONNECTIONS OF THE MONITORS ILLUSTRATED C—1,000 upnfd by-pass condenser. Ci—Tuning condenser—see text. L, L1—Dimensions given under photographs of each Monitor. R.F.C.—Receiver type radio frequency choke. 150 turns of 32 gauge wire on ¥%" diameter dowel would serve. removed when the transmitter is checked, so disturbing any settings made from known frequency signals received. If there is a crystal within the station, the harmonics of which fall within the lim- its of the bands in which it is desired to work, it can be used with a UX-201A and 45 volts of “B” battery to provide the “last word” in monitors. With this scheme (sug- gested by Mr. Alfred Crossley of the Naval Research Laboratory) once can avoid the complications of crystal-controlling the transmitter, still maintaining an almost perfect check on its frequency. Without doubt there are many other pos- sible methods of setting the transmitted fre- quency within the band or measuring it ac- curately. We realize, full well, that with all our discussion we have but skimmed the surface of the field. One thing is certain, however—that the monitor, apart from be- ing of great service in tuning the trans- mitter for a minimum of interference, is one complete, inexpensive and practical solution for the problem of keeping our transmitters within the limits of our own private territory.

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18 OST MONITOR CONSTRUCTION A have said, the monitor need not be borate or costly affair. Just how eru can be is shown in the illustra- tior two examples on these pages— exal provided not to show the acme of perfection but to demonstrate that roughly practical affair involves no constructional work than would oc Saturday afternoon. 7 ef requirements of the monitor art hould oscillate steadily over the bai vhich the station is to be active; that inds be at least fairly well spread ove! 11 so that tuning will not be ex- ces ritical; and that the shielding be suff tly complete, and the pick-up of the ne cords sufficiently nullified, to pert monitor to sit near the trans- Fit POSSIBLE ARRANGEMENT OF THE MONITOR ’ ‘C” battery is used for filament au} nitting @ compact lay-out. With a three ble spaced tuning condenser and coils w [ hases the number of turns used was as d Turne Plate Turna Wire ; 48 30 gauge 13 26 guage 7 20 guage 20 guage mitter, to beat with its fundamental frequer vithout producing more than an R4 or | gnal. The monitors illustrated fulfill requirements. The 1it used in both of them is given in Fig In it a UX-199 tube is con- nected split-coil series-feed Hartley OCTOBER, 1928 circuit, the filament being supplied from a 3-volt dry battery source and the plate from a small 22%-volt unit. The monitor shown in Fig. 17 is built in an aluminum shield. This shield is built up of 1/16” thick aluminum, the bottom and front be- ing of one piece folded, the sides and back of another piece folded and the top of two pieces, one of them hinged to provide an opening to change the coils, tube or bat- teries. The apparatus was assembled on the piece constituting the front and bottom and, when the oscillator was in* running condition, the sides, back and top were fixed in place with small machine screws. The tuning condenser for this monitor was built from an eleven plate Cardwell condenser, plates being removed until one stator and two rotor plates were left. The rotor plates were treble-spaced in order to give just sufficient capacity range to bring the 3,500 ke. band within the limits of the dial. No arrangement was made to reduce the capacity range of the condenser for the 7,000 ke. or higher frequency bands and tuning on these bands is therefore rather critical. The coils, wound on tube bases, are described under the photograph. To reduce the effect of the pick-up from the phone cords a receiver type, radio frequen- cy choke is inserted in one of the phone leads at the point shown on the circuit diagram. Without this choke the monitor- ing of the transmitter during adjustment is made difficult by the fact that the tuning of the monitor and the strength of signal produced by it vary greatly in accordance with any movement of the operator’s body in the vicinity of the transmitter. The monitor illustrated in Fig. 18 em- ploys the same circuit as the smaller one but is fitted with large size dry cells for filament supply in order to make practical the continuous monitoring of all transmis- sions. It varies from that shown in Fig. 17 also in the arrangement of the tuning system. The main tuning condenser is a small vernier type with all but four plates removed. Its capacity is such that the 3,500 ke. band occupies almost the whole dial. On the 7,000 ke. and higher frequen- cy bands the eleven plate vernier, mounted above it, and connected in parallel with it, is set at a predetermined value which re- duces the effective capacity range of the main condenser to the point where the band occupies most of the dial. In order to do this, in this particular monitor, about half of the capacity of the larger condenser is added for the 7,000 ke. band and almost all of it for the 14,000 and 28,000 kc. bands. Either 22% or 45 volts can be used on the plate, though the latter value was found de- sirable in order to give satisfactory oscilla- tion on the 28,000 ke. band. The shield for this monitor is a Loose-Wiles biscuit tin measuring 84%%”«9”«51%”"_—a size which

Page 17

ma late 1itor num 16” be- yack two an bat- on tom ling xed itor vel] one n- eo i — Sen oe OD OCTOBER, 1928 just leaves reasonable breathing space after the larger batteries and the two tun- ing condensers have been installed. As can be seen from the photograph the apparatus, with the exception of the variable conden- sers, is mounted on a wooden base %” thick. When the leads to the condensers have been removed this base slides out of the shield, so facilitating the changing of batteries or the tube. INSTALLATION AND ADJUSTMENT In operation, if the transmitter is on the same side of the room as the receiver, or is mounted near to it, the monitor can well Ost 19 throw switch which connects the phone ei- ther to the receiver or monitor. The flip- ping of this switch can be done rapidly as a “change-over” to transmitting is made and the signal can be heard when trans- mitting much as it will be at the receiving end. In this way the usual pounding in the phones is replaced by a pleasant (we hope) R5 or R6 signal, so making for snap- pier and more readable sending. What is more important, however, is that the ar- rangement provides a continuous story of the transmitted signal. Not only will the location of the signal in the band be at all times apparent, but its character, be it splendid or hideous, will be exposed as a ceaseless stimulant for the pride or conscience of its owner. *@e The Central Division Convention HE Ohio Section convention held at Columbus on August 17-18-19, was a “whiz bang” and Storck, Windom and Gibb, the committee, covered themselves with glory. Starting early Friday, delegates began to arrive from all over the state. Our log also shows hams from West Virginia and Pennsyl- vania, and we were glad to see some of the Chicago fellows present. By Saturday noon the registration ex- ceeded the estimated attendance. The committee seems to have been most fortunate in obtaining well known speakers. Our old friend, R. S. Kruse, formerly Technical FIG. 18. AN ALTERNATIVE ARRANGEMENT SUITED FOR CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF THE TRANS- MITTER The use of two large dry cel's for filament supply the monitor more bulky but permits it to give months of service without attention. Using a main tuning condenser of about 15uufds. and an additional 75upyfd. condenser, ad- ustable to spread out the higher frequency bands in the manner described in the text, suitable coils wre found to. be: Added Shunt Capacity Band Grid Turns Plate Turns Wire 0 kee. 40 15 30 none 00 ke 12 13 26 approz. 000 ke } 7 20 approz. 28,000 ke. 3 3 20 appro. In this monitor also the coils are wound on tube sit on the table alongside the receiver where the phones can be plugged into it without any inconvenience. Adjustment of ‘the amount of pick-up can be made when the most desirable placing of the instrument has been decided upon. The adjustment can be made effectively by varying the op- ening of the lid. One scheme which we recommend very highly is the fitting of the receiver with a Yaxley or similar, small, double-pole double- makes Editor, QS7, was in fine metal and in his inimitable way talked most interestingly on our amateur radio problems. L. C. Young, of NKF, presented a paper on “High Fre- quency Radio Wave Propagation” and with the showing of slides gave us a good picture of the interesting experimental work they do at Doc. Taylor’s laboratory. L. G. Windom, 8GZ, was perfectly at home on the S5uufd. rovedd. platform when he gave the paper counfd. prepared by J. F. Byrne on Hert- ages. zian Antennas and Feeder Systems in which he collaborated. The fact that most ham stations in Columbus have that type of antenna speaks well for the research work done and results obtained. Communications Manager Handy had his hands full with so many meetings to cover and as usual was equal to the task. What Ed. does not know about radio isn’t worth knowing; as evinced by the number of lit- tle groups that corraled him and plied him (Continued on Page 40)

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20 OST OCTOBER, 1928 A Superheterodyne for High Frequencies By E. J. Gluck* een stated in QST that most of ideast stations are run by ama- | this is to back it up. WBT tte, N. C. is such a station and me necessary to have a high fre- ext to the 1000-watt Western El adeast transmitter and that re- sults blems. Ju nsidering one side of the case; we had e a receiver that would “crawl und ither high noise level as well as being tive enough to work without a bacl 1 of musical accompaniment. It is ve ying to try and make a “CQ” keep vith the latest dance number as a ba nd. So, many were the spools of v | quarts of dope and yards of shaft made of the fibre tune of a telephone fuse, the kind the telephone company uses at the lightning arrestor block in residences. A National Velvet Vernier dial turns the whole works. It might be remarked that this size condenser spreads the 7,000 and 14,000 ke. bands over the dial very nicely. As for the 28,000 ke. band, don’t ask too many questions as it is probably too large. We may have more on that later as 28,000 ke. is our weakness now. Now for the coils used. The 14,000 and 28,000 ke. coils are wound on celluloid and the 7,000 kc, coil is wound on a thin bakelite tube. Celluloid would probably be just as good but we happened to wind this coil on a thin bakelite tube. The tickler coils are two turns at the filament end of the secondary coil. Some may not approve of its being so closely coupled to the secondary but as the adjustment for oscillation is set once and then left alone, all the tuning being accom- plished by means of the tuning condenser, the tuning effect of the oscil- lation control does not enter into the picture to any great extent. This type of winding makes a more compact coil. wound between the last TH VER IS IN THE CENTER, THE BOX CONTAINING : , TH ER” PORTION TAKING UP ABOUT AS MUCH TABLE While a _ small grid SP DOES THE REGENERATIVE DETECTOR-ONE STEP condenser was found to : the 28,000 ke. transmitter and to the left is the power give somewhat better re- sults as far as signal strength was concerned, panel ned in the search. The result difficulty was had in making the cir- is th r to be described, which fills cuit oscillate strongly over the whole the b , both from an operating stand- of the 14,000 and 28,000 kc. bands. point from that of cost and simplic- By increasing the size of the grid ity. condenser this trouble was cleared up and Th t is of a superheterodyne with’ its effects on the lower frequencies were not an au first and second detector. The damaging enough to warrant the use of inter? tage is built in one compart- either plug-in condensers or a variable one. ment home-made copper box, and The value of the grid leak was not very the s etector and audio stage in the critical and a 10-megohm unit was em- other may want to use this unit on ployed. their short wave set but for the Feed-back is controlled by means of a benefit e who may care to have the 190,000-ohm Centralab variable resistor that detai first detector (or regenerative js shunted by a 1-microfarad condenser short ceiver which it is) we will which absorbs the clicks and noises that yi would be present when adjusting it. re t ondenser Is a 1d-u ; i Radio 1 and is yobs be yey’ sae The input transformer to the single stage of th sing operated ba on extension of intermediate frequency amplification em- ’ : ploying a screen-grid tube is an R. C. A. *4CQ neer, WBT, Charlotte, N. C UV-1716 transformer with the small lamin- y ss an me ree etl eS lO

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one ses "eS. the hat ind ly. too ge, 100 OCTOBER, 1928 ated iron core removed and the secondary 100 microfarad variable condenser. A 1-microfarad condenser con- nected between the rotor plates of this ccn- denser and the low potential side of the secondary coil is to allow the rotor plate to be grounded and the low side of the secondary to be brought to the battery side of the rheostat which is not grounded, thus securing the necessary grid bias for the tuned with a screen-grid tube. The input transformer, tuning condenser for it and the screen-grid tube are mounted in the compartment to the left. turn honeycomb coil shunted by a variable or semi-variable condenser (XL Variodenser or similar) with a maximum of about .0001 ufd. is connected in the plate circuit of the screen grid tube. The coil and condenser are placed in the larger com- partment of the copper box. A 250-turn honey- comb coil is employed as a tickler coil so that the second detector will os- cillate and thus give an audio frequency beat note. For the benefit of those who cannot secure an R.C.A. UV-1716 transformer to be used as the input transformer, one may be constructed from the following data. The form to hold the winding is either of paraffin impregnated wood or of bakelite. It should be about %” in diameter and a winding groove 4%” wide and %” deep is cut. The second- ary is wound first and consists of 1000 turns of No. 28 d.c.c. wire. A couple of layers of paper are wound over this and then the primary of 250 turns of the same wire is put on. This second- ary will tune to about 30 ke. when shunted by about .0015 ufd. This intermediate frequency , has proven io be quite satisfactory and while a lower frequency seems to give a little better signal strength, the amount of noise is increased. A higher intermediate frequency will give reduced signals because of the necessity of greater detuning of the oscillating detector in order that the oscillation frequency and signal frequency have a greater frequency difference. 30 kilocycles has been found to Ost The by-pass condenser across the phones and B battery in the plate circuit of the second detector is give satisfactory operation. shown as being .0005 pfd. When using such a low intermediate frequency, this may be found to be too small and a thin high-pitched squeal will be heard as a signal is tuned in. By increasing the value of this condenser to about .001 or .002 ufd. the trouble can usually be corrected, In this particular case, a single stage of audio frequency amplification is used, em- ploying a “distortion type” transformer. It A 1000- was found that a .00025-ufd. condenser shunted across its primary so tuned the circuit as to discriminate against a large amount of the extraneous noises. It is Pc ech & Ce of R Ars Ra L! t ! if | | : | 4 bi A | - 8. +45 +45 «4:35 +45 & FIG 1. THIS SHOWS THE SCHEMATIC CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT The equipment between the two dotted lines constitutes the intermediate frequency amplifier and the second detector. The other two tubes and their associate circuits comprise the normal autodyne detector and audio amplifier. If the primaries of the input transformer and the audio trans- former are terminated with plugs and there are jacks inserted in the plate circuits of both the first and second detectors, the “super”? portion may be plugged in or out as desired. L1 is the grid coil and L2 the tickler coil for the autodyne first detector and the sizes are given herewith. The tickler coils are wound between the last two secondary turns except for the 7,000 ke. coil where it ia close wound %” from filament end of the secondary. Secondary Coil Tickler Band (kes.) Diameter Turns Sracing Size Turns Size 28,000 13,” 3 one diameter 18 d.c.c. 2 32 8.0.c. 14.000 1%,” 6 one diameter 18 d.c.c. 4 32. 8.C.c. 7,000 134” 18 close wound 24 d.c.c. 8 $2 8.¢.c, 3,500 1%” 38 close wound 24 d.c.c. 12 $2 8.¢.¢. C1—15 uufds. L4—250-turn honeycomb coil. C2—Two, 1” square plates with Rit, R2—10 megohmsa. adjustable spacing. R3—0 to 100,000 ohms. C3—250 wufds. R4i—0 to 50,000 ohms. C4, C5—100 unfds. R5—20 ohms. Cé—500 uufds. R6, R7—30 ohms. C7, C8, C11 and Ci2—t. ufd. R8s—10 ohms. C9I—2,000 pufds. T—Input transformer described in C10—500 to 2,000 unufda. text. L3—1000-turn honeycomb coil. realized that there is much difference of opinion concerning the characteristics of the audio system and the individual op- erator should pick out that particular system which gives him the greatest pleasure. Now for cranking the thing up. The first detector is set so that it oscillates over the entire tuning range and the second detector is adjusted to a point just below oscillation. The first detector tuning dial is now turned

Page 20

od strong signal with plenty m is tuned in. Then the two tuning the input transformer : ite circuit of the screen-grid tube 1 ted. A convenient method is to tuning condenser at about pacity and then adjust the input r condenser for maximum signal. I e best to try reversing the con- S¢ ate ost OCTOBER, 1928 obtained. The same harmonic was then tuned in on the super arrangement and a good R8 or R9 signal resulted. It is possible to work without any back- ground while WBT is operating in the next room on 1000 watts. Our location here is such that the noise level is always high and with the super it rose to such a value that signals were apparently weaker proportion- ally than on the regular set. Several methods of band-pass filters were tried without much success. Finally we figured that the noise level was reach- ing such a stage that more or less paralization of the ear oc- curred and the signals, even though stronger, were not reg- istering on the ear as being louder. With this idea in mind we connected a _ 50,000-ohm variable resistance in shunt of the phones and found that by adjusting this a point could be reached where the signals stood out over the noise better than they did with the detec- 'S THE OLD DETECTOR AND ONE STAGE DETECTOR PORTION OF WHICH IS NOW ? USED AS THE FIRST DETECTOR denser may be seen in the upper left hand trd with the tuning coil mounted just above it. tor—one step arrangement. Well, anyway, it works and this super doesn’t know the difference between 7, 14 and 28,000 kes. controlling regeneration is mounted at the oard next to the dial that operates the tuning »per box at the right contains the intermedi- mplifier, second detector and audio amplifier. frequency amplifier input transformr, its the screen-grid tube and the necessary by- are located in the narrow section te the left. n holds the coil and condenser in the plate en-grid tube as well as the detector and audio etector tube is mounted on the base while the ransformer and tube are mounted on the ‘ ner the transformer for when they are ly poled, maximum signals will After these adjustments have y are left alone and the set rle control affair by simply x control of the first detector. Fon rnals, the second detector is set sci y adjusting the tickler coil while for eception, the circuit is ad- maximum regeneration with- out ng. This condition is not as aintain as is the usual case whet ining of the circuit is altered. Tl not particularly good for high freq roadeast reception because it thing but the middle register. Th n-grid tube is capable of rather Y amplification as evidenced by +1, 7. ne 4 uSIT ? ri¢ aht4 = Zt the f g experiment. We tuned in the sevent] nie of our quartz crystal fre- quen lard on our old regenerative de- tector tep. This set had been giving about an R3 signal was rood ana _— ee trays $5 The trickle charger makes a splendid tube “pepper up”, says Herbert Hunt. The dud tube is first “flashed” across the secondary of the charger trans- former for one minute and is then aged across the output of the rectifier for ten minutes. West Gulf Division Convention E are ready for you, fellows. The W second annual West Gulf Division con- vention will be held under the auspices of the Dallas Radio Research Society at the Hilton Hotel, in Dallas, Texas, on October 19th and 20th, and a cordial invitation is extended to all amateurs to visit us during the two days of our activities. As our convention takes place during the last two days of the big Texas State Fair, amateurs all over the Southwest will have the benefit of very low railroad fare. Our guest of honor will be K. B. Warner, Secretary-Editor, and as this will be the first time that Mr. Warner will be amongst us it is our desire to give him the biggest reception possible. We want you all to show up. If you want any further information write to: Holmes Green, 5AQ, c/o W. A. Green Company, Dallas, Tex. an .«~ eb oetenwe a ff.

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1928 } «then it and back- e next ere is h and 2 that rtion- r set. -pass much rured each- re or r oc- even reg- eing nind ohm it of t by d be nals tter tec- ent. and the and

3a be he iS of

OCTOBER, 1928 OsT

Receiver Characteristics and Their Measurements By V. D. Landon* CERTAIN recent book called Your Money’s Worth points out some of the fallacies of high pressure salesmauship, and the degree to which advertising has devoted itself to su- perlative adjectives rather than concrete facts regarding the product to be sold. Much radio advertising has been no excep- tion to this rule in that a good deal of ad- vertised data bears little resemblance to actual performance. Nevertheless, a radio set is not a thing of mystery. Any property of a receiver that you may speak of is capable of direct measurement. <A_ specification can be written covering receiver tests and methods of measurement outlined below may be changed before the report is issued, The Radio Corporation and its associated companies, General Electric and Westing- house, have set up an inter-company com- mittee on this work also. This committee keeps in line with the agreements of the I. R. E. committee and at the same time has made a good start toward practical standardization. Every month a_ special receiver is circulated to each of these com- panies and measured. These measure- ments are then compared. Although agree-

performance thoroughly. In fact

i such specifications are in use to- SIGNAL tet tener} — RECEIVER * 3 day. The Radio Corporation of GENERATOR DUMMY ANT = ; America buys its radio sets from o ae the manufacturing companies to VOLTMETER

specification, and any receivers not meeting the specifications in any particular are rejected and returned for repair. This is a highly desirable condition and should be extended to the industry as a whole. The unfit would then be automati- cally eliminated and the manufacturer would benefit by increased sales and lower sales cost. The consumer would benefit by lower prices. This paper shows how the data for such a specification is obtained. Receiver performance is a thing which cannot be measured quantitatively until certain arbitrary definitions and assump- tions are made to give a meaning to the results obtained. Anyone can compare two receivers at a given location and make a definite statement as to which is the better. But if receivers are to be measured at dif- ferent locations with different apparatus, it is necessary to be able to give a quantita- tive evaluation to each characteristic in or- der to make valid comparisons. To do this it is necessary to invent appropriate means and methods of measurement and to ar- bitrarily define the units in which measure- ments are expressed. It was for this purpose that the Institute of Radio Engineers appointed a sub-com- mittee on the standardization of receiving set tests. This committee has outlined these tests in a preliminary manner, but has not yet issued its report. Hence the

*In charge of radio measurements and radio fre- uency development at the East Pittsburgh laboratory of the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Com- pany

FIG 1 ment was not very good at first, it has be- come progressively better. Fairly good agreement is now obtained on all measured values. The three most important charac- teristics to be measured are sensitivity, se- lectivity and fidelity. The following does not contain the exact wording of the definitions and test outlines as agreed on, but gives an idea of how tests are conducted and what the apparatus is like. In making measurements of any kind a radio frequency carrier is employed which is modulated 30% at an audio fre- quency. For all except fidelity measure- ments, the audio frequency used is 400 cycles. This value of 30% modulation at 400 was chosen as representing approx- imately the average condition in the aver- age transmission. SENSITIVITY MEASUREMENTS In making a sensitivity measurement, the strength of the signal is varied until what is called “Standard Output” is ob- tained in the output circuit of the receiver. That is, one twentieth of a watt in a suit- able resistor, the value of which is equiva- lent to the plate circuit impedance of the output tube. This value corresponds to a moderately strong loud speaker signal. The first figure shows the arrangement of the apparatus. The output of the signal generator is applied to the radio set through a dummy antenna whose constants are standardized and are approximately The values those of an average antenna,

Page 22

ch e 200 micro-microfarads, 20 micro her ind 25 ohms connected in series. The lio output of the receiver is meas- ure means of a tube voltmeter con- ne .cross the resistor. The choke and cor r are used to prevent direct cur- rel m flowing in the resistor. I fact that the voltage induced in an ant proportional to the field strength of ming signal. This voltage is als rtional to the effective height of the a. Hence, a convenient unit for m«¢ ge field strength is volts-per-meter or 1 lts-per-meter for weak signals. Th the voltage induced in the an- tenr meter effective height of the an- tenr Ser ty is measured in terms of the wea eld strength which will cause the rec to produce standard output. An eff height of four meters is assumed as teristic of an average antenna. Her practice the voltage applied to the y antenna is divided by four. The resu lled the Normal Radio Field In- ten is a measure of the sensitivity. A is feature is the fact that a small- er 1 means a greater sensitivity. Her nsitivity is defined as the recipro- al Normal Radio Field Intensity. Hov this reciprocal is never taken. It is cust to speak of a receiver as having as of fifty microvolts per meter. Wh lly meant is a sensitivity to give sta utput with an input correspond- ing Normal Radio Field Intensity of 50 mict per meter. Twenty-five micro- volt 1eter means twice as sensitive a set microvolts per meter. TI nd figure shows several typical sen curves. The data for each of thes es are only taken at a few fre- qué d then the smooth curve is filled in I bscissa is the frequency to which the 1 er is tuned at the moment. The ordir the field strength required to Curve No. 1 denotes sensitivity, since a very ird output. or" od OST OCTOBER, 1°28 weak signal is sufficient to give loud speak- er output. It will be noticed that some re- ceivers are very sensitive at some frequen- cies and almost worthless at others. It is an experimental fact that a sensitiv- ity of about twenty microvolts per meter is all that can be used with comfort on an average night with a fairly good antenna. The only advantage obtainable through greater sensitivity is that a smaller antenna may be used. Signals below the level men- tioned are usually unusable because of non- descript interference. However, sensitivities of one or two mi- crovolts per meter are sometimes usable on a very small indoor antenna. Hence, it is necessary to be able to measure such sen- sitivities. This means the production and measurement of a voltage as small as 8 microvolts at radio frequencies. The dif- ficulties involved in generating and meas- uring such small voltages will be described later. SELECTIVITY MEASUREMENTS Selectivity is not as tangible a quality as sensitivity. It is d-fficult to rate the selec- tivity numerically, so it has become standard practice to draw a complete resonance curve to show this characteristic of the re- ceiver. Such curves must be taken at sev- eral points to give a complete idea of the selectivity. It is standard practice to take these curves at 600, 1000 and 1400 kilo- cycles. A sample curve is shown in Fig. 3. Here plotted in terms of output-versus-frequency with an input of fixed amplitude and vari- able frequency. This gives a curve with a peak at reasonance and sloping sides. The curves as taken now are just the in- verse of this, giving a depression at reson- ance. This is obtained by varying the amplitude of the input in such a way that as the frequency is varied the output re- mains constant. The input required is then plotted against the frequency. A sample curve is shown in Fig. 3. Here the resonant frequency is 1000 ke. Of course, stronger inputs are required for frequencies off resonance. The shape of the curve is a measure of the ability of the receiver to select a desired station without interference from others. To compare the curves of two different receivers, it is al- most a necessity to plot the curves on the same sheet of paper. Even then they are not directly comparable until the ordinates of the two curves at resonance are made to coincide. It has been suggested that this be done by adjusting the sensitivity (by means of the volume control) to some stand- ard value such as 100 microvolts per meter before the data for the curve are taken. An- other method is to use a multiplier on the ordinates of each curve to bring the

Page 23

2ak- re- len- tiv- ater an ina. ugh nna en- on- mi- 1e OCTOBER, 1928 resonance point to the bottom of the paper. Either method will result in curves which may be plotted on the same sheet of paper and made directly comparable. It is often very desirable to be able to communicate information regarding the selectivity of a receiver by wire or by letter without sending an actual resonance curve. For this reason, it is becoming more and more common to speak of the width of the curve at certain points. The points usually chosen are those at ten, one hundred and one thousand times the value _ re- quired for resonance. Thus, the width of this curve at 10 times normal in- put is 56 ke.; at 100 times 140 ke.; and at 1000 times 301 kc. This information tells practically the whole story and is easily sent by letter or wire. Fig. 4 shows another curve that is some- times used to illustrate certain points in regard to selectivity. In this curve the ordinate is the width of the resonance curve for 10 times normal resonance input’. The abscissa is the frequency of resonance for the point in question. This graph gives a picture of how the selectivity varies with frequency. It will be seen that in the cases IOV AC wIDE My IN MICROVOLTS PER METER | | 880. -«920~—*SCSODSCKBOSCN2O wavl FREQUENCY IN AC SELECTIVITY 1000 KC FiG 3 illustrated it is necessary to detune from a strong local only a small amount at low frequencies but it is necessary to detune a relatively large amount if the local station is on a high frequency. Curve 1 indicates that the receiver is so sharp as to attenuate sidebands and decrease fidelity badly at 600 ke. while at the other end of the scale it is so broad as to prevent proper separation 2 1. This corresponds to the 56-ke. point of Fig. 3. OST 25 of stations. A flattening of the curve such as in Curve 2 improves both these condi- tions. The value at 10 times the resonance value should not be less than 20 or side- band attenuation will result. Modern receiver design is almost always a compromise between selectivity and fidel- WIOTH OF CURVE AT 10 TIMES inPUT 00 . 1000 . oo WAVE FREQUENCY INA € FIG 4 COMPARISON OF SELECTIVITY CURVES ity. Most receivers tune so sharply as to harm fidelity appreciably over most of the tuning range, FIDELITY Fidelity is another characteristic which requires a complete curve for proper ex- pression. Fidelity means the ability to re- produce accurately the audio frequencies which are transmitted as modulations of the carrier. To take the data for this curve the signal strength is kept constant at normal and the percent modulation is held constant at 30% while the modulating frequency is varied over the audio frequency range. The output of the receiver at the varying audio frequency is measured and plotted in per- cent of that obtained at 400 cycles. Some typical curves are shown in Fig. 5. As will be seen, the abscissa is the audio frequency being transmitted and the ordi- nate is the output corresponding to that frequency. The range of audibility extends to about 17 thousand cycles for the average individ- ual but it is generally agreed that frequen- cies above five thousand cycles are relatively unimportant. It can be seen however that most receivers do not pass five thousand cycles very perfectly. Fortunately it is difficult for an untrained ear to detect a lack of these high frequencies if other fre- quencies are intact. However, a curve as bad as that of number 1 would be noticeable even to a non-technical listener. More serious is a lack of low frequencies as shown in number 2. This takes the nat- uralness out of the human voice though speech is still intelligible. The familiar cracked voice of the telephone is an illustra- tion of this. Of course a lack of low fre- quencies is caused by a poor audio ampli- fier. Occasionally a curve of the type of num-

Page 24

26 OST , where a strong peak is found n t of the frequency range. This $s u 1e to regeneration in the audio am] It is very objectionable in a being best described as a har r a ringing out when certain t unded. Curve 4 is a good aver- age f a practica’ receiver. F \ shows some more fidelity 11 h were all taken on the same rece The curves were taken at the thr lard test frequencies 600, 1000 ar and show very clearly the

fidelity of the increased selec- arrier frequencies. REMENT APPARATUS \ | out before, it is impossible to mal t measurements on such very sm res as are used for the radio fre- quer t to a receiver. To get a rough ide v very small an amount of power is it t may be compared to the power na peaker. A loud speaker operated at n volume takes very little power itsel nstance, it would take the power of 1 peakers all operating in unison to ¢ power consumption of a single 50-w trie light. Nevertheless, the pow red to operate a single speaker is « is compared to the power re- quir e input to the receiver. In fact the nsumed in one loud speaker for ute of time is sufficient if in the { radio frequency signals across the circuits to run every radio re- cier e country for several hours. It h to try to make a direct meas- ure! such quantities. It is possible to n ndirect measurement by the use of amplifiers but such things are not ' irate or dependable. The prac- tical of the problem is to measure the t high intensity and then atten- uate known ratios until the desired valu ned. For this purpose a special atter ; been made as shown in Fig. OCTOBER, 1928 ATTENUATOR Different manufacturers have different types of attentuators. The one shown here is that used by Westinghouse at East Pitts- burgh. As seen from the figure the atten- uator is of the resistance ladder type. The impedance from any step to ground is ten ohms, and the ratio from one step to the next is 10 to 1, so that with 100 milliamperes input current, there is one volt on the first step, one tenth volt on the second, one hun- dredth on the third, and one thousandth on the fourth. A capacity attenuator of variable ratio is plugged in on any desired step of the re- sistance ladder and this further attenuates the voltage which is then applied to the radio set through the dummy antenna. The scale of the variable capacity is calibrated directly in ratio. Hence, the number repre- senting the applied voltage is read directly from this scale. The step of the resistance ladder simply changes the decimal point. Of course careful shielding of the entire attenuator system is necessary. The resis- tance ladder is wound non-inductively on a long narrow card and inserted in a grounded brass pipe. The capacity attenuator is mounted in a brass box. The values of the capacity attenuator were so chosen that it pulls down the voltage across the resistance attentuator by a neg- ligibly small amount. To do this it is only a S + be oe 8 |

PERCENT OF OUTPUT AT 400 CYCLES =e = eivemeionds =i i Ls a 100 ~ ~ 2 1000 ~ a 26 0000 MODULATION FREQUENCY IN CYCLES FIGS A FIDELITY CHARACTERISTICS necessary to keep the reactance of the two condensers in series at least ten times the value of the resistance which it parallels, as this will only produce one-half of one percent error’. This means that this react- ance must be over 100 ohms. The lowest reactance occurs at the high frequency end of the scale with the variable condenser at maximum. Here the reactance is about 300 ohms so that it pulls down the voltage by only an extremely small amount.

2. In such a circuit the line current is not the arithmetical sum of the currents in the branch circuits due to their being out of phase. The branch currents should be added vectorially and in many cases as in this one, the line current will be less than the arithmetical sum of the branch circuits currents.

—- <= wm th ti mmnheh me awa ae et et t. © ot at

Page 25

BR ™ tt @ we

OCTOBER, 1928 The resistors for this resistance ladder were all simply calculated and the values measured with direct current applied. How- ever, it is impossible to make a strictly non- inductive resistance. Hence, the accuracy of the ratios at high frequencies was sub- ject to doubt until proven. This was done by checking the resistance ratio against the capacitance ratio and both against a current ratio obtained from an accurate thermo- couple meter. In all cases a close check was observed over the entire broadcast range. It was found, however, that for much higher frequencies the inductance of the re- sistors begins to make itself felt. This begins to make an error of a percent or so at about 80 meters. Of course, for shorter waves the error increases rapidly. Hence, a different arrangement is necessary for short waves. This will be described later. The three related companies, Radio Corp. of America, General Electric Co. and the Westinghouse Elec. & Mfg. Co., have been coéperating in standardizing measurements with such measuring equipment as this. A receiver is circulated to each of four laboratories of these companies in turn once a month and the measurements made by the different companies are compared. At the last meeting the greatest deviation from the average sensitivity curve was 10%. This is considered very good in view of the fact that the set itself changes that much from day to day especially if the humidity varies. R. F. OSCILLATOR All measurements are made inside a shielded booth. This is simply a frame work of two by fours with copper mesh inside and out making two complete cages one inside the other. The oscillator is mounted on the outside on the wall of the booth. All controls extend into the booth and can be overated by one man. The meters_are read through the copper screen. A _ sensitivity curve on a receiver can be run in about one minute after the receiver has been set up. The oscillator circuit is illustrated in Fig. 7. It will be seen that neither the grid nor the plate circuits are a part of the tuned circuit except through inductive coupling. Also the grid and plate turns are rather low to limit the production of harmonics. Oscil- lation at the high resonant frequency of the grid and plate circuits is prevented by the use of the grid resistor as shown. This has but little effect at the relatively low fre- quencies of the broadcast band because less current flows in the grid-filament capacity. The condenser C4 and the inductance L1 may seem superfluous at first glance but it is through their use that constant output is obtained. If they are omitted the current drops off rapidly at the high frequency end of the scale. This is due to the increasing reactance of the main tuning reactor L4 at Ost

high frequencies. To maintain the same current in the coil at all frequencies would mean that the voltage across the tuned circuit would be directly proportional to the frequency. The voltage across the coil does rise with frequency but not rapidly enough. Hence, the current drops off with frequency. The circuit L1-C4 acts like a current trans- a ae 2

= output o— re) RESISTANCE LADDER CAPACITY ATTENUATOR ATTENUATOR ATTENUATOR SYSTEM FIG. 6 former whose ratio increases as its resonant frequency is approached. Hence, the droop- ing curent at the high frequencies is brought back to normal. An advantage of the system described over some of the others, is that it uses a very simple rugged current meter and the same value of current is used at all times. Some schemes require the use of large varia- tions in current and this means a whole series of expensive thermo-couple meters. The taking of selectivity curves is espe- cially easy with this apparatus since the oscillator output is practically constant as the tuning is varied. Thus, it is only neces- sary to move a step on the resistance at- tenuator and detune the oscillator the re- quired amount each side of resonance. The width of the curve at 10, 100 or 1000 times normal input is then read from the oscil- lator calibration. Frequency differences can be read quite accurately as the oscillator tuning condenser is driven by a worm gear of such a ratio that one scale division is about one kilocycle. BEAT FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR To take a fidelity curve it is necessary to be able to modulate the signal at a frequency which may be varied from 30 cycles to about 10,000 cycles. The required audio frequency voltage is obtained from a beat frequency oscillator. The principle is to obtain a beat note be- tween two r.f. oscillators, amplify the re- sulting audio frequency voltage and use it to modulate the radio frequency oscil- lator. The apparatus is worked out so that the audio frequency may be varied from 30 to 10,000 cycles by turning a tuning con- trol 180°. Fig. 8 shows the circuit of the beat fre- quency oscillator. A socket power unit supplying A and B power to all tubes is employed but is not shown on the diagram.

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Tl) UX-226 tubes are the two r.f. oscil- lat The UY-227 detects the beat note bet the two frequencies and the result- ng frequency is amplified by two stag audio employing choke coil coup- ling e chokes L6 and the condensers C4 al e to filter out the r.f. components circuit is formed by two UX- 171 n parallel for the purpose of I a low output impedance and good 28 OST OCTOBER, 1928 . volume control setting-versus-sensitivity may be taken. This tells if there is sufficient range of control and whether or not adjust- ment is unduly critical. The effect of the volume control on selectivity and fidelity may also be investigated. The possibilities are not confined to over- all performance either. Measurements may be made on any portion of a receiver that is desired. This is of great importance to design engineers. For instance, if the over- all fidelity curve is bad, a curve may be taken of the audio amplifier alone and then of the radio amplifier and detector alone, to se P which portion of the ap- paratus is at fault. MEASUREMENT APPARATUS FOR OTHER FREQUENCIES © Similar apparatus has also been designed and built for use in other frequency bands. One oscillator just completed Ry covers the range of 600 to 20 ER, $R, . a ke. employing plug-in oscil- lator coils with about a threc- to-one frequency range for RADIO FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR, ATTEN- 1 AND DUMMY ANTENNA SYSTEM the oscillator is obtained from o. 30 enameled wire on % inch o. 30 enameled wire on 1 9/16 inch form. o. 30 enameled wire on 1% inch »r obtaining bias) 0 ohms to control plate voltage. no-qgalvanometer (115 mils full scale.) regu inder load. The output is ap- plie B supply of the r.f. oscillator in tl al generator so as to modulate OTHER TESTS TI ve description is rather sketchy but give some idea of the possibilities oper a designer of receivers, when such ratus is made available. TI ee tests described are the most impor but there are many others that may le to advantage. A curve of form. The N No. 30 enameled wire on 1% inch form N N form an attenuator is each coil. The general cir- cuit arrangement of this os- cillator follows the one al- ready described and _ hence needs no further explanation. When an attempt was made to make such measure- ments at frequencies very much higher than the broad- cast band, it was found that these circuit arrangements became impractical. greatest difficulty comes in the attenuator. If to have a . constant ratio at different frequencies, it is necessary that it be made up of imped- ances which have the same ratio to each other at all fre- quencies, within the allow- able limits of error. This means that if resistance is used, the series inductance must be so small that the effect of its reactance may be _ neg- lected over the working range. No matter how small this inductance may be, if it exists at all it will cause trouble if the frequency is raised far enough, because the reactance increases directly with the frequency. Inductance changes the imped- ance only about %% when its reactance is 10% of the resistance. A further in- crease however causes a fairly rapid change in impedance. The same sort of thing oc- curs if some shunt capacity is present around the resistor. a standard That is, the capacity dec V2 tha tha cay duc ss cr cr

Page 27

vity ‘ient ust- the ‘lity ver- nay hat + to Jer- » a the and fier $°e ap- lso for ds. ed 20 il- *C- or S- il- ce

OCTOBER, 1928

decreases the total impedance by less than ¥, of one percent, if its reactance is more than 10 times the value of the resistance. If the reactance becomes much less than that the impedance varies considerably. If, on the other hand, a combination of capacities is used for an attenuator the in- ductive reactance of the leads of these ca-

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29

The amount of error is number of ele- ments in the attenuator where error might shown in Fig. 9. reduced by reducing the occur. This means measuring the signal at a much lower level using a more ex- pensive meter of about one and a half milli- amperes full scale deflection. As will be seen from the figure the IR drop across

BEAT FREQUENCY FIG. 8 QUENCIES BETWEEN The two radio frequency oscillators are at the a capacity r.f. oscillator from dragging the other into step with it circuit of the detector tube through prevents the output of one at the lower beat frequencies A small smallest capacity to obtain a balance. P 2.—350 upfds. C3 2 ufds. C4.—250 upfds. C5.—500 pwufds C6.—.05 fds. C7.—.5 ufds C8.—20 pfds. L1.—95 turns of No. 35 enameled wire on a 2 L2, L4.—55 turns of No. 35 enameled wire « L3, L5.—190 turns of No. 25 ename.cd wire L6.—50 millihenries L7.—General Radio impedance coupler type L8.—30 henries R1.—500 ohms for obtaining bias. ?72.—4000 ohms for obtaining bias ?3.—10,000 ohms. R4.—2000 ohms. V1.—d.c. voltmeter with resistor to measure This is not a definite part of the beat fre jor convenience. V2.—Thermal voltmeter employed to measur pacitors subtracts directly from the react- ance of the condensers. It may be possible, however, to build a capacity attenuator of such a nature that the condenser plates are their own leads inside the attenuator, thus eliminating errors due to inductance almost completely. Sufficient work has not been done to de- termine what type will be the best, or if any type will prove to be accurate at the very high frequencies. A method which has been tried out is OSCILLATOR variable UX-226 tube filaments being connected in USED TO OBTAIN AUDIO FRE- 30 and 10,000 CYCLES right and are coupled to the grid bridge arrangement that effectively condenser is connected across the standard socket parallel. windings on the trans- »wer is supplied from a separate filament inch form yn a 2 inch form on a 2 inch form plate voltage of the r.f. oscillator tube quency oscillator but is mounted with it e the output voltage of the system. a single resistor is fed to the capacity attenuator. The necessity for more at- tenuation is eliminated by the use of the more sensitive meter. One trouble is that flexibility of output is lost, the total range of output voltage being only about 60 to 1 as against 40,000 to i for the broadcast fre- quency attenuators. The equipment is fair- ly satisfactory for simple sensitivity meas- urements but has inadequate control of out- put for single stage work. With this circuit at its best, however, very

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rors are undoubtedly introduced rated at 15 or 30 thousand kilo- he sources of error are as follows: irrent in the meter differs from n the resister due to capacity sistor is slightly inductive. nductance of the condenser leads apacity reactunce and changes suggested that a resistance nuator will be accurate even newhat inductive, provided the ; distributed in the various legs + 7 — WW 300 MMFO } MAX ~ J po SS 3 — 10” 2 ° b == ourPuT 7 v rs 300 MMFD FIG.9 ratio as the resistance. This quite difficult to obtain and elim- ne of the sources of error. A f work will be necessary before an be developed for very high which has the flexibility and f the broadcast frequency equip- at present nothing has been of standardization of the con- he dummy antenna or of the ‘fective height at any other than ‘frequencies. Furthermore, it may obtain an agreement since ch wide variations in the an- lat present. All that can be done to specify the overall ampli- the conditions of test. This may parable to someone else’s results rent test conditions, but at least, uplicated by anyone who does use method of test. ng the difficulties, nevertheless it time for the amateurs of the begin to rate their receivers rate standardized way. Relative eht to be a matter of established id of a matter of argument. required is a shielded booth, ted oscillator, a few meters and necessary to build and cali- attenuator. The result will be knowledge where guesswork was Of course it will be best to start west frequency amateur band and others, one at a time, only after erience has been gained. OST OCTOBER, 1928 The Rocky Mountain Division Convention NY of you ever see Glen Glasscock in action? Well, you should have been at Pueblo, Colorado, during the two days of the convention, August 24th and 25th, held under the auspices of the San Isabel Radio Club and the able leadership of its Chairman, 9ENM. Those who know Director Segal, can un- derstand why everything ran according to the program. (Guess Paul threatened to prosecute some one if they didn’t. Ed.) In the first place we are proud to say that we had the largest registration of any pre- vious convention held in the division and when the chairman called the convention to order the stage was all set for attentive listening-in to the speakers. Mr. Louis A. Deesz, of the Colorado Fuel & Iron Co. gave a very enjoyable and useful talk on the “Electron Theory” and was followed by that well known Denver Ham, Glen W. Earn- hart, 9CHV, who explained the many kinds of power supply in.use. It was a good prac- tical talk. After the electronic explosions and power supply fluctuations the whole as- sembly proceeded to the beautiful San Isabel National Forest where a real weenie fry was enjoyed by every one. The evening was spent at the local amusement park. Saturday morning found everybody ready to visit the enormous plant of the Colorado Fuel & Iron Co. just outside of the city, and it proved most interesting. After a stag lunch the afternoon session started with the Traffic Meeting where L. R. Huber, Asst. to the Communications Manager, from Hartford, got his opportunity to tell us something about our 1929 problems. Good talks were given by M.O. Davis, 9CDE, Director Segal and C. R. Stedman, 9CAA, who acted as chairman of the meeting. The Banquet, with Director Segal as Toastmaster, was most enjoyable and A.R.R.L. Representative Huber made _ the principal speech. The manufacturers again showed their coéperation by donation of valuable prizes which enabled us to close the convention in due form, meaning the proper distribution to winners of contests thereby concluding the 3rd Annual conven- tion of the Rocky Mountain Division. —K. H. S. 9CAW. ‘ 2p Strays ss : Amateur Intermediates Be sure to see the important an- nouncement about new calls, inter- mediates and methods of calling, in this month’s Editorial. Kk SS ee TH det Ric Na tio! wa lig! ang ma hor in hez str

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ek ive the ith an hip 1In- to to d.) lat re- ind to ive ive the iat rn- ids ac. OCTOBER, 1928 OST High Angle Radiation The Experimental 28,000 kc (10 Meter) Beam Antenna at 1CCZ By Paul S. Hendricks* S A contribution to the investiga- tion of the possibilities of the 28,000 ke. band being undertaken by the A.R.R.L. Technical Development Program, Mr, E. C. Crossett, at whose summer home on Cape Cod 1CCZ is located, provided the experimental beam antenna illustrated. The antenna was built primarily to permit variable high angle radiation in somewhat the same manner as that de- scribed by Meissner’. Meissner’s experi- ments with a beam antenna on 27,270 kc. (11 meters) consisted in changing the angle of radiation in a vertical plane in order to ‘someone —— = | oe * ‘3 THE BEAM ANTENNA AND OPERATING SHACK AT 1CCZ determine the particular angle at which the ll-meter signals could be heard best at Rio de Janeiro (the transmitter being at Nauen, Germany). Contrary to computa- tions and theories, the 27,270 ke. frequency was found to be highly effective in day- light between these two points providing the angle of the beam was adjusted to approxi- mately 38 degrees or 80 degrees from the horizontal. With a simple vertical antenna in place of the beam, signals were rarely heard and then only at very low signal strengths. In the experiments undertaken at 1CCZ (in progress at the time of writing) *Wianno, Mass. Member Experimenters’ Section A. R. R. L. it was planned to endeavor to find the beam angle which would permit satisfactory con- tact with Australia—a distance over which one might expect 28,000 ke. to exhibit some iy AN END VIEW OF 1CCZ’'s 28000 KC. ANTENNA SYSTEM of its useful characteristics. It was also planned to determine the possibilities, if any, of what has been jocularly referred to as the “Warner Splatter System”. The antenna system consists of a funda- mental antenna, fed in the “Zeppelin” fashion, operating in conjunction with three reflector wires and two director wires ar- ranged in the manner suggested by Uda and Yagi*®. The placing and dimensions of these wires is shown in Figure 1. The system is seen to be both complex and cumbersome and not particularly suited for the average amateur. The idea, however was not to attempt to build a truly prac- tical antenna for general amateur work on 28,000 ke. but to put up a system strictly in 1. Directional Radiation With Horizontal Anten- nas, by A. Meissner, Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, November, 1927. 2. High Angle Radiation of Short Electric Waves, by S. Uda, Proceedings of the Institute of Radio En- gineers, May, 1927. 3. Beam Transmission of Ultra Short Waves, by Hidetsuga Yagi, Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, June, 1928

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32 OST with the present understanding quirements. In this way, it was ho} e work of developing a practical ant would be, to some extent, facilitated. nna system is arranged on a line rul r from Cape Cod 14 degrees north of we ’ h corresponds to the Great Circle Australia. In the plane of this Gr le the system can be rotated from h | on the one side to horizontal on r by means of ropes. In this way in be directed at any angle above th ’s surface. nsmitter used to excite the an- te mploys a UX-204-A supplied with 2006 Its from a full-wave tube rectifier. At nt the transmitter is self-excited bu probable that erystal-control will be it porated in the near future. D ge the month of September the trans- mit vill be operated on schedule with ENO ELEVATION WING THE ARRANGEMENT AND [ENSIONS OF THE WIRES en are those employed at 1CCZ ted for a frequency of 28.846 ke 5 meters). Australia and elsewhere but sin transmissions must terminate by the the month their inclusion would not tified. At this time the organiza- tior schedules has only just been during the first two trans- comt . put mi reports from Australia were ré The signals however, were re- ne I y 7TACS at Tacoma, Wash. *@e To A \.R.R.L. Members Residing in the Centr Hudson, New England, North- western (including Territory of Alaska), Roanoke, Rocky Mountain and West Gulf Divi are hereby notified that an elec- tion n A.R.R.L. Director, for the term 1929 is about to be held in each of the abo. isions, in accordance with the OCTOBER, 1928 Constitution. Your attention is invited to Sec. 1 of Article IV of the Constitution, providing for the government of A.R.R.L. affairs by a Board of Directors; Sec. 2 of Article IV, defining their eligibility; and By-Laws, 14, 15, 16 and 17, providing for their nomination and election. 2. The election will take place during the month of November, 1928, on ballots which will be mailed from Headquarters in the first week of that month. The ballots for each Division will list the names of all eligible candidates nominated for the posi- tion by A.R.R.L. members residing in that Division. 3. Nominating petitions are hereby solicited. Ten or more A.R.R.L. members living in any Division have the privilege of nominating any member of the League in their Division as a candidate for Direc- tor. The following form for nomination is suggested: (Place and date) Executive Committee, A.R.R.L. Headquarters, Hartford, Conn. Gentlemen: We, the A.R.R.L. Division, hereby nominate undersigned members of the a er re (ee ere , as a candidate for Director from this Division for 1929-1930. (Signatures) The signers must be League members in good standing. The nominee must be a League member in good standing and must be without commercial radio connections. His complete name and address should be given. All such petitions must be filed at the headquarters office of the League in Hartford, Conn., by noon of the first day of November, 1928. There is no limit on the number of petitions that may be filed, but no member shall append his signature to more than one such petition. 4. Present Directors from these Divi- sions are as follows: Central, Mr. Clyde E. Darr, Detroit; Hudson, Dr. Lawrence J. Dunn, Brooklyn; New England, Dr. Elliott A. White, Hanover, N. H.; Northwestern, Mr. Karl W. Weingarten, Tacoma; Roanoke, Mr. W. Tredway Gravely, Dan- ville, Va.; Rocky Mountain, Mr. Paul M. Segal, Denver; West Gulf, Mr. Frank M. Corlett, Dallas. 5. This is your opportunity to put the man of your choice in office as the repre- sentative of your Division. Members are urged to take the initiative and file nomi- nating petitions immediately. For the Board of Directors: K. B. WARNER, Secretary. Hartford, Conn., 1 September, 1928. Oc' F alre: neit! ama port held ing prot amo trol, diffi writ had suck a

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d to tion, 2 of or 30, ist be OCTOBER, 1928 OST 33 A Portable Crystal-Controlled Transmitter By D. J. Angus” F YOU knew that owning a crystal con- trolled transmitter didn’t require a bulging pocketbook or any unusual skill in radio engineering, you probably would already have one in operation. It requires neither, and when the narrowing of the amateur bands makes it much more im- portant for you to put out a steady -signal, held accurately to one frequency, and hav- ing a note that is easily copied, you will probably take the leap. There seems to be a mistaken impression, among those who have not used crystal con- trol, that it is expensive, complicated and difficult to maintain in adjustment. The writer was one of.,these skeptics until he had by actual tests proven to himself that such was not the case. I believe that all by cS \ A j i+ 4: —2 a8 _——_— | ¥ 9) ue | . t 6 & O- wits 880 0 ores C, C2 and C3—500 unufd. variable condensers. ut and Cé—100-upnfd. variable condensers. Ci—100-upfd. fixed condenser. C5—.1-ufd. L—17 turns No. 18 d.c.c. wire on 2.5 inch form. Li—16 turns No. 18 d.c.c. wire on 2.5 inch form tapped at center. L2—10 turns No. 15 d.c.c. wire on 2.5 inch form tapped at seventh turn. L8—13 turns No. 15 d.c.c. tapped four turns from end ind wound on same form and separated by about %- inch from L2. R. 500,000 ohms Ri—Variable resistor, Bradley ‘E” The dimensions of the key-thump filter are not given is they may vary with different installations. wide-awake operators should take ad- vantage of crystal control, especially those trying to maintain schedules and handle traffic. The additional expense for crystal control should be limited to the cost of the crystal, one or two UX-210 tubes and the grid leaks and meters. Practically all of the remain- ing apparatus can be found in the scrap pile of the average amateur station. The crystal controlled transmitter is ex- tremely reliable since antenna changes which ordinarily would detune or change *9CYQ, 310 Illinois St., Indianapolis, Ind. the wavelength of a self-excited transmitter have practically no effect on it. The ac- curately maintained frequency enables one to adjust the antenna system for maximum (e~" ALL READY TO GO! radiation much more easily than when using a self-excited set, since the antenna adjust- ments do not appreciably change the fre- quency or other characteristics of the transmitter. The advantages of crystal control show up especially well in stations handling traffic and maintaining schedules since the stations with whom they are working always find them in the same place with the same note, and receivers can be accurately adjusted to the tone which comes through QRM and QRN best. At Indianapolis, stations 9CLO and 9CYQ (the writer’s station) each have an extra erystal ground to the wavelength of the crystal the other station normally uses. If either operator is out of town and cannot meet his schedules, the remaining station substitutes the extra crystal and takes over the schedules without any prearrangement with the stations being worked. To be reliable, a crystal controlled set must be controlled by a good crystal. Weak crystals have done as much as any other one thing to discourage the use of crystal

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When purchasing a crystal, the fir x to do is to be sure it is sufficiently liv <e a satisfactory controlling ele- me} the set. When placed in the cir- herein it should start oscillating

TH rWO SURFACES ONE IS SURE OF In 1RE THE TOP AND BOTTOM; THE OT! iY BE FRONT, BACK OR SIDE ALL p NG UPON YOUR OPINIONS the arraangement of tubes. The the left and above it is Li and Cl. veter coil draped near L1 is not a stance wire in series with the fila- as he plate tank circuit is brought nea e with the natural period of the cr} hould not need to be encour- agt r or by the use of a series in- S rs of crystals advocate laying th f the crystal holder directly on th whereas others advocate a very slig ration, amounting to between O00E and .002 inches. Both methods apI work satisfactorily and since they goes to prove that the plates betv h the crystal is located need not ‘ound exactly flat. Plates that wel r rough showed practically the san it as plates that were perfectly sn The plates should fully cover the cry ise if the crystal extends be- yon Ider, and is being worked to its not of the very “live” type, it

ma) ame disregard as to the surface of t [It would probably be better to make the 1 nably smooth as this is not damag- ing aes and may be quite helpful sander cd.

OST

OCTOBER, 1928

maximum output, there is danger of crack- ing the crystal at the edge of the crystal holder plate. The plate should be made of any material which does not oxidize easily. German silver seems to be preferable, al- though copper or brass or any other similar alloy apparently works about as well. The main advantages of nickel and German silver are that they do not oxidize appreci- ably. If the crystal holder is built dust tight, the crystal does not need any atten- tion after its initial cleaning and installa- tion. Before putting a crystal in service, it should be cleaned with alcohol, benzine, or carbon tetrachloride to thoroughly free it from grease, and then should only be handled by the edges, as there is sufficient grease and moisture on one’s fingers to pre- vent the crystal from operating properly if it is handled by the face. A very satisfactory tube to be used with the crystal is a UX-210, since it is not easily damaged by the crystal failing to oscillate or by the abuse that it gets when tuning the transmitter. It oscillates very freely when used with the crystal and makes an ex- tremely stable combination for controlling an amplifier. In order that a set will operate smoothly, there must be ample crystal controlled volt- age for the grid of the last amplifier. One UX-210 tube, crystal controlled, will furnish sufficient energy to excite the grid of either one or two UX-210 tubes operating in parallel. One UX-210 acting as an am- plifier will furnish a useful output of over 20 watts, and two of them in parallel will furnish a useful output of over 40 watts provided the supply voltage is over 500 volts. One UX-210, crystal controlled, will also furnish ample excitation for a 50-watt tube when used on voltages up to 1000. Plenty of grid excitation is required so as to be reasonably sure that the excitation due to the crystal is large compared to that due to accidental feed back. Under these conditions, neutralization should not be difficult. When operating on a wavelength one half that of the crystal, the doubling should be handled by means of two tank circuits in the plate circuit of the crvstal controlled tube, one tank circuit tuned to the wave- length of the crystal, and the other one tuned to one-half the wavelength of the crystal. If it is necessary to double twice, as when operating on 7000 ke. (40 meters) with a 1/50 ke. (160-meter) crystal, the fre- quency should be doubled as outlined above, and fed into an intermediate amplifier also provided with two tank circuits, one tuned to 3500 ke. (80 meters) and the 7000 kc. (40-meter) energy being tapped off from the 7000 ke. (40-meter) tank circuit to feed

ofo- th on fata ® =O f° f® © SI OO dg °

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_ res Ve ae —e ve eee TY OCTOBER, 1928 either an intermediate amplifier or the final stage, depending on the output required. The intermediate amplifier should be a UX-210 tube neutralized to prevent it from oscillating independently. This neutraliza- tion is not critical when there is ample grid excitation available from the crystal con- trolled tube, With the exception of the tank circuit and the neutralizing condenser of the last amplifier, ordinary receiving condensers and coils can be used since the voltages and currents to be handled are relatively small. If the amplifier plate voltage does not exceed 600 volts, receiving condensers can be used in the final amplifier, but if the voltage does exceed 600 volts, it is better to use double-spaced condensers and coils wound of No, 14 wire, or larger. The coils making up the tank circuit for the crystal controlled tube and intermediate am- plifier can be wound of bell wire on ordinary fiber or bakelite tubes, such as used in re- ceiving sets. As to circuits to be employed, one has the choice of doubling the frequency in the crystal controlled tube or in the amplifier following this tube; also one has the choice between using batteries for the grid bias or grid leaks. In general, doubling the frequency in the tank circuits of the crystal controlled tube will be the most satisfactory since it is not necessary to take any special precaution to prevent radio frequency feeding back into the crystal circuit, with resulting damage to the crystal. The output, when doubling in the crystal controlled tube, seems to be as great as the output when doubling in the intermediate amplifier, and saves one tube. Regarding the relative merits of bias batteries or grid leaks, our tests show ab- solutely no difference in total output, pro- vided a good crystal is being used, and there is a question whether there will be any difference even with a poor crystal. Sets using bias batteries can go out of oscillation without the plate current rising to dangerous values. This is a factor if the set is a large one and the plate power available is sufficient to immediately destroy the amplifier tubes. Damage can be pre- vented by not accurately neutralizing the amplifier stages so that they will go into oscillation if the crystal controlled fre- quency fails. There is one advantage that goes with the use of grid leaks and that is that radio fre- quency chokes are not necessary in the grid circuit. These chokes, when used, are like- ly to couple with other tuned circuits in the set, causing erratic behavior of the set, the cause of which is difficult to locate. There is no advantage in using radio frequency chokes in series with the grid leaks. Series feed on all the tubes is to be pre- OST ferred since it does away with the necessity of radio frequency chokes which would tend to link with stray fields and cause trouble. Parallel feed requires the use of radio fre- quency chokes in the plate leads, which ex- perience has taught is a disadvantage. If the coils making up the various tuned circuits of the set are placed so that their axes are at right angles to one another, and at least four inches apart, there apparently is no necessity for shielding any part of the set. An inspection of the accompanying cuts shows how closely the apparatus can be bunched together without affecting its operation. The crystal tube circuit need not be neutralized, but each amplifier stage should be neutralized independently by means of a few extra turns on the plate tank circuit, connected through a neutralizing condenser to the grid of the tube. Occasionally, there will be an installation where the output of the last stage finds its way back to the input of the first amplifier sage, causing the amplifiers to oscillate regardless of the position of the neutralizing condensers. This can be corrected by reversing the polarity of the coupling coils feeding the grid of the first amplifier or that of the first or second amplifier in case two stages are used. In- ductive coupling between stages is to be preferred since the accidental radio fre- quency feed back can be made either to assist or oppose the amplifying system simply by reversing the connections to the grid coil of the inter-stage coupler. Keying can be satisfactorily handled by keying the plate circuit of the last amplifier stage, through a key-thump filter. As an illustration of how small and com- pact a crystal controlled set can be built, the photos show a portable set complete in every detail, including dynamotor for oper- ating it, occupying a space of 10 x 10 x 12 inches. It will be noted that no shielding whatever has been used, Referring to Fig. 1, Q is a crystal holder containing a crystal ground to 1791 ke. (167.5 meters). This crystal is connected between the filament and grid of a UX-210. A 500,000-ohm grid leak is connected be- tween the grid and filament as shown. The plate of the tube is connected to coils L and condenser C, making up the 1800 ke. (160 meters approximately) tank circuit. The coil is made up of seventeen turns of double cotton covered No. 18 wire and the condenser is an ordinary .0005-ufd. receiving condenser, single spaced. The 1800-ke. (160-meter tank circuit is con- nected in series with a 3600-kc. (80-meter) tank circuit, made up of L1 and Cl, eight turns of the coil being connected across the condenser, the remaining eight turns acting as a radio frequency transformer to feed the The coil con- grid of the succeeding tube.

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si n turns total, wound on a 2%- ine’ form. The condenser is .0001- uf r neutralizing condenser, single ts are connected across the als of the dynamotor through tat R2, in order to cut the 12- wn to seven and one-half volts t of the UX-210 tubes. (80-meter) crystal tank cir- 1 feeds the grids of 2 UX-210 ted in parallel through a .0001- ndenser, C4. \ coupling condenser is an ad- as it makes the set easier to If it were inductively coupled, e condenser would be preferable m grid leak, R1, is connected and filaments of the am- This grid leak should be the idley “E” or a resistance hav- I TAL HOLDER CONTAINING THE ( VAY BE SEEN ON THE PANEL HELD [} THE CLIP WHICH ALSO MAKES TACT TO THE UPPER PLATE condensers directly above the dynamotor » right, Cé C and C1. The other rear is C3. valent radiating capacity. The grid leak across the crystal f the small resistance units put us manufacturers for use in re- and “B” substitutes. 00-ke. (80-meter) tank circuit coil ructed to step up the voltage fed ds of the amplifiers in order maximum possible voltage will be control the grids of these tubes. impedance of the grids of the ibes is relatively high, and the oOSsT OcToBER, 1928 2:1 step-up arrangement of coil L1 tends to more nearly match the input impedance of the grids with the tank circuit of the crystal controlled tube. The amplifier tubes are connected into a tank circuit made up of coil L2 and con- denser C2. L2 consists of ten turns of No. 16 double cotton covered copper wire, wound on a 2%-inch form and tapped three turns from the end, seven turns being connected across the tuning condenser and three turns connected through the neutralizing con- denser C6 to the grids of the amplifier tubes. The neutralizing condenser is a single spaced .0001 ufd. receiving condenser. Tun- ing condenser C2 is a .0005 ufd. single spaced receiving condenser. In order to check the operation of the set, the milliammeter and a _ single-pole, double-throw switch are installed in such a manner that the instrument is always in circuit with the plate of the crystal con- trolled tube. By throwing the switch to the upper point, the milliammeter will record the total input to the set, which in- cludes the amplifier. The plate energy is furnished by a 12- volt dynamotor having an output of approx- imately 350 volts. The key is connected in series with the plate circuit of the amplifier tubes. Wound on the same tube with coils L2 is the output coil L3 made up of thirteen turns of No. 16 cotton covered wire closely spaced and tapped four turns from one end. L3 is separated from L2 by about % inch. The antenna tuning condenser C3, consisting of a .0005 ufd. receiving condenser is con- nected in series with the nine turn end of L3. The other two ends are brought out to separate binding posts, making possible a variation in the number of turns connected to the antenna, in order to better match the antenna input impedance to that of the set, since this is a portable set, and may be called to work on various kinds of antennas. With a total input of 12 volts and 13 amperes (156 watts), this set is capable of delivering twenty-one watts into a dummy antenna. Its field performance has been the same as would be expected from any set capable of delivering that much energy to the antenna. The wiring looks rather crude, but is due to the fact that flexible wire was used in order that vibra- tion due to transportation would not break the wires off the various’ instrument terminals. Where the space is available it is prefer- able to use inductive coupling between the 3600 ke. (80-meter) tank circuit of the crys- tal controlled tube and the amplifier. This enables one to reverse the connections of the grid feed coil of the coupler in case it is impossible to neutralize the amplifier due to feed back from the antenna system. Ll (Continued on Page 78)

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28 of tal » a on- ind rns ted rns pn- es. gle 1n- ced the le, ich on- to vill 12- OX- in fier ils en ely ch. ing on- of to . a ted the set, be as. ble nas om ich »ks hat ra- »ak ent er- the VS- his of . it lue Ll

1928 OCTOBER,

ITH the advent of the new reg- ulations soon to be in force in amateur bands, most of the good ops are beginning to think about their power supply. The day of putting 60 cycles on the plate of the oscillator tube is certainly past, Two or three such sta- tions would use up almost all of one of the new bands, and a really smooth d.c. input is going to be highly desirable for amateur operation. All of which brings us to experience with filters in the past, and from the standpoint of the pocket-book, to filter condensers. Many a time have we decided to have some nice smooth d.c. and gone forth to purchase many microfarads which were installed in the set with great joy, and, after some time only a few hours of use, passed out ac- companied with great lamentation. Inas- much as we amateurs know everything in the world, we usually heaped maledictions on the head of the manufacturer who sup- plied the filter condensers. And why not? Perhaps we have a trans- former supply which is turning out fifteen hundred volts on each side of the center tap. Such transformers have usually been used in connection with a couple of 217 rec- tifiers which are notorious for having plenty of voltage drop. More than likely, too, we were using at least one choke and certainly the voltage goes down in that. So we always thought if we had a 1750- volt-break-down condenser, it should cer- tainly be plenty, for we only had 1500 volts to start with and it certainly must get smaller every time it passes through a re- sistance. As a matter of fact, however, if the transmitter is one of the usual amateur types with the key located somewhere be- tween the output terminals of the filter and the antenna, the condenser had a perfect right to blow up because the actual voltage across it was plenty much higher than the 1750-volt rating of the condenser. It will reach and sometimes exceed, 2100 volts. This seemingly inexplicable difference is caused by the not-often-thought-of differ- ence in nomenclature between a.c. and d.c. ratings. If we have 1500 volts of smooth dic. we have just 1500 volts—no more, no less. But when we have a _ transformer rated at 1500 volts, when viewed from one terminal, the other terminal varies from zero to approximately 2115 volts positive, then falls to zero again and rises once more to 2115 volts but this time negative in

*Aero Products, Inc., 1772 Wilson Ave.. Chicago, Il]

Picking the Right Filter Condenser By Bert E. Smith*

Ost 37

oe eee Dielectric P ate + FIG. 1 A. Negative charge on the lower plate or foil B. No charge C. Positive charge on the upper plate or foil respect to the first terminal. It again drops to zero and repeats this same round of events known as a cycle as long as the transformer is across the line. Each pulse from zero to maximum and back to zero

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yn and because we have this r but a short period of time the amount of time taken by the tion, we cannot expect it to do t] t of work that would be done by ay * this value that is constantly m] ross the load. Now we are ested in the amount of work tha n get out of a machine and in rd the a.c. machine on a par Ww one we apply a “correction fa equalize matters. In order to ar} the voltage which will be ef- ying work (r.m.s,) we multiply tage by .707, or if we want to peak voltage from the effective can multiply the effective 11. This assumes a pure sine sing that we take the output 0-volt transformer giving an lt r current which has 2100-volt pea put it through a rectifier. If the r is perfect (and few of them ar * them play tricks that make ven worse) we will have a from the rectifier that is the sal e a.c. except that we have re- rer larity of every other alterna- one side of the line positive in he other at all times, That is, th, we have peaks from 2100 (0 minus—sixty of each per sec- les). Having rectified it by a fu ctifier, we now have voltages rur m zero to 2100 volts plus, one hur nd twenty times per second, and to do with our filter is to mal rangement which will store up er ng the period when the volt- ag the average so that it may I erate the set when the volt- ag vy the average. v pen the key, we allow the con- ‘eive energy without being re- pply any to the load. The volt- ag up until it reaches the maximum va veak which we have just found to be at least 2100 volts. If are putting on the system is S the average current carrying cal f the rectifier tube and trans- f¢ voltage may never go down as low “1500” with which we started. all h, however, is only one small ru ur} Noe ther factor which enters into the ] filter condensers or for that mat- t densers. The percentage of ‘ent mixed with the d.c. in- - has a very important ef- ife of the condensers. lies particularly to the first con- det the filter. Much can be said of t] -f paper condensers without add rreat deal to the world’s store f ] Some paper condensers (al- OsT OCTOBER, 1928 most all originally and a few even yet) are rated by “flash test.” That is, there is only one voltage marked on the con- denser label and it indicates that the con- denser has been tested by applying the named voltage, d.c., across the terminals for a few seconds. Others are rated ac- cording to the “d.c. working voltage” which indicates that they can be worked con- tinuously at that potential. This rating, however, if the manufacturer wants to stand upon technicalities, is meaningless for, as will be explained a little later in this article, the pure d.c. working voltage of a condenser is practically the same as the “flash test” voltage. The d.c. voltage which is applied to the first capacitor in an ordinary garden variety of filter is something else again. It is correct to term it d.c.’ as it never re- verses polarity, but since the voltage may vary ail the way from zero to 1.4 times the rated transformer output in the case of a rectifier device or between varying other values in the case of the d.c. generator hav- ing either a large or small amount of rip- ple, we frequently have all the character- ictics of the most virulent a.c. These char- acteristics must be considered in their ef- fect on the capacitor. As we have ex- plained in the case of a 2000-volt trans- former, the rectified voltages at the input of the filter may vary from zero to more than 2800 volts, In the case of a d.c. gen- erator supplying 2000 volts, we will have voltages sent to the filter, sometimes be- tween 1500 to 2500 volts and sometimes with not as large a variation. Rectifiers have different characteristics but in all of them we must not forget that the very fact that we need a filter to supply smooth d.c. is indicative of the fact that we have a large a.c. component superimposed upon a given d.c. voltage which can be roughly estimated as the equivalent of the r.ms. value of the transformer output or the d.c. rating of the generator. The plates merely act as terminals for applying charges to the dielectric material and it is in the dielectric material that mechanical distortion of the atomic struc- ture is responsible for our capacitative ac- tion. All materials are composed of mole- cules which are made up of atoms of basic materials which are known as elements. These atoms once again are composed of electrons, revolving about the central pro- ton in established circular orbits just as if each atom were a miniature solar system. In any such material we also have free electrons, not connected to any atom, mov- 1. The Standard Handbook for Electrical Ew gineers defines “‘d.c.”” as a “practically non-pulsat- ing” undirectional current. It is therefore probably preferable to refer to the output of a rectifier a8 “undirectional” or “pulsating” and hardly correct to call it d.c.—Editor.

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as _ = “~ e*s 1 OCTOBER, 1928 ing around more or less in the same man- ner as comets in our own great universe. When a material is known as a conductor it is indicative of the fact that there are a large number of these free electrons roaming about the interior structure of the material, occasionally breaking their way into one of the small solar systems and usually in such cases bumping one of the planets or electrons free to wander around until it in turn strikes another planet and knocks another electron loose. Each of these free electrons carries a small charge and if a sufficiently large number of them are free to move, the material will be a conductor of electricity. On the other hand, in some materials, there are almost no free atoms and therefore the electrons are each bound tightly to their own orbit. These materials are known as insulators. We can look then at Figure B which is a conventionalized sketch of a condenser having no charge. The plates contain their normal number of free electrons rep- resented by small dots and the dielectric material has all its atoms in a_ regular form with the electrons revolving in their circular orbits. If, however, we introduce an excessive number of electrons into either plate, this condition is changed. Depending upon the strength of the charge, the greater number of electrons upon the negative plate in- creases their repulsive effect on the elec- trons in the dielectric material. On the other side, the positive plate due to its hav- ing less than the proper number of elec- trons has an attraction for the electrons in the dielectric and therefore the orbit of the dielectric electrons are distorted, caus- ing them to assume more or less the condi- tion shown in A. If the charge is removed and a charge of equal but opposite potential is applied, the atomic structure will pass through normal (B) to exactly the opposite. now reaching the position shown in C. If the polarity charge is rapidly reversed, there will be a steady motion, first to one side and then to the other, resulting in appreciable fric- tion. This friction has a normal result in that it generates heat, the quantity of course depending upon the extent of mo- tion and the rate of reversal. That is to say, more volts, more motion, more heat, and also, more speed (cycles per second) faster motion, more heat. If there is suf- ficient heat generated it will melt the im- pregnating material, weakening the dielec- tric structure mechanically and perhaps causing the condenser to break down be- cause the insulation becomes thinner at the point of softening, increasing the strain per unit of thickness. which again results In further melting; the vicious cycle con- tinuing until a few electrons break through the weakened material, oOsT 39 Besides the action just described, the heat tends to speed up the electrons in their or- bit, lessening the cohesiveness of the atomic structure and increasing the probability that some will escape to the positive elec- trode. Of course, in a condenser used to filter FIG. 2 THE BIG DIFFERENCE ‘1000-VOLT TEST” AND “WORKING VOLTAGE 1000” Both condensers have a capacity of 2 ufds. The type at the left is tested at 1000 volts d.c. but its working voltage is 300 d.c. The condenser at the right has a working voltage rating of 1000 d.c. being tested at 3000. In both cases the a.c. working voitage would of course need to be chosen below the d.c. work- ing voltage (about ¥%) because of the effects ex, lained in the tezxt. a fluctuating d.c., there is never a com- plete reversal, but the change in condition from that sketched in A to that of B and back will have just as much destructive effect as though a complete reversal with approximately half the voltage were to take place. An example would be that to filter the fluctuating direct current result- ing from rectifying 2000 volts, r.m.s., of alternating current, the condenser should be capable of continuous operation on alter- nating current, having an e.m.f. of at least half the peak voltage, or say 1500 volts a.c. in addition to its other requirements. But to return for a moment to the consid- eration of the reactions in the dielectric. Some dielectrics are far better than oth- ers, in that their electrons are more re- stricted as to their orbits; they move less, and the friction and increase of electronic speed is less, In others, the electrons are very tightly bound at normal temperatures, but will not stand the generation of any heat whatever. For example, when air is the dielectric employed, its characteristics under a single charge and under continuous operation are practically identical. No ap- preciable heating takes place and such a condenser will operate continuoysly on any type of alternating current, regardiess of frequency or wave form at its flash test. Mica is the nearest approach in normal

Page 38

ised en T H osses re ey as heat) are y small and we can say that s of 5000 cycles or less, a mica il operate continuously at 75% est voltage. this reason that blocking con- other condensers which carry frequency or radio frequency y built with mica dielectric as itively high frequency at which would cause paper con- of the best construction to very rapidly. Even mica is to a condenser with an air n used at radio frequencies, nately in order to procure the pacity, it becomes an impossi- d an air condenser of the re- ilation and capacity into the of space available in most Where space permits their dielectric condensers are by far yreferable for this use. After uilt mica condensers are the le and paper condensers should 1 for frequencies in excess of there is a tremendous tween their rating and _ the will be encountered. is pure linen content paper, est of present day filter con- > 120-cycle operation, as in the l-wave power supply use, a con- rly constructed with linen ric can be depended on for operation (the preference l.c. working voltage ratings been brought out) at one-sixth flash test” voltage. ymmonly employed filter con- ‘ic is wood pulp content paper European condensers because ss. The losses in this type ‘e comparatively very large, be depended upon to stand length of time at 120 cycles ng voltage higher than one- one eighth of its “flash test.” rtunate that the purchaser can- he interior of a fixed condenser he can determine the construc- riable unit, but if the test volt- he can be guided to some however, it becomes the ed condenser makers to abide ndards as to construction and ust depend on buying from who are willing to guarantee t and give pitiless publicity to ] uniess oY facturing methods. 2*O@e itral Division Convention . tinued from Page 19) That made it easy for ebert as all he did was to ham- | asking numerous questions and nner learn many things pertain- OgT

OCTOBER, 1928 ing to the welfare of the Division. As principal speaker at the Banquet his ad- dress was a comparison of amateur radio as it was in 1918 and at present. There were Army and Navy meetings showing what the reserve units are doing. R.H.G. Mathews, old 9ZN, also Lt-Com- mander of Communication Reserve, U.S.N.R., was happy because he succeeded in enrolling a goodly number of the radio amateurs present. Matty is doing great work for the Naval Reserve. We were all happily surprised to see Fred Schnell, formerly Traffic Manager, and now with Burgess Laboratory. While Fred was put down on the program to talk on “Sense & Nonsense” we can all vouch that there was plenty of good sense in what he said and very little nonsense. It’s fine of him to still keep up his amateur interest. Director Darr acted as Toastmaster and he is getting better and better every time. It was good to see him “hamfesting” with 8CNO and 8ADU—yes, they were YL’s of the convention and real hams they are, too. This reporter got his “inning” on the last day though when he was privileged to visit the “shacks” of both and believe it fellows they have real ham outfits. Quite a large number of the members took advantage of the Radio Inspector’s presence by taking the examination for operator’s license. The codperation of the Radio Supervisor’s office is appreciated. After the distribution of some of the best prizes seen, the Saturday evening program closed with a sketch entitled “Sinnygoofler Jamboree” by Professor Taurenwerfer. Some stunt! Sunday was devoted to visiting ham-sta- tions and bidding each other good bye, with a heart full of appreciation for the Committee, A. As Bi Strays <~ - The erection of the 28,000 kc. (10-meter) beam antenna at 1CCZ has given the natives of Wianno, Mass. (where the station is lo- cated) one of the biggest thrills they have had for years. One village rumor has it that the affair is a private Ferris Whee! but this is flatly contradicated by some in- habitants, who insist that it is to be the new Dirigible for a trans-atlantic flight. “Dear me, that is a wonderful ship,” one lady re- marked on catching a glimpse of it through the trees, “but how will you ever get it down to the water when it’s finished?” For 1929 In the wiring diagram of the Oscillator- Amplifier transmitter given on page 11 of the September QST7 the grid leak for the oscillator tube is missing. It is, of course, just as essential in this oscillator as in any other Hartley and should be of 10,000 ohms connected across the grid condenser C8.

sii OO}. . | & oO oOo Of IDDOOO 6 ©

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28 As ad- dio igs ng. m- ve, led dio pat a- th he OCTOBER, 1928 HE 1929 Washington Convention con- tains a large number of new abbre- viations and changes in procedure which take effect January 1, 1929. These apply to all classes of stations and so must be employed by amateurs in lieu of all previously-existing sets of abbreviations and methods of procedure. NEW REGULATIONS FOR USE OF CQ Article 10 of the Regulations relates to the use of the signal CQ. Although designed ex- clusively for use in the mobile service, its terms apply very well to our amateur needs. CQ is still a signal of inquiry, used when desiring to enter into communication with whatever stations may be within the range of transmission, but when so used the transmission is now to be concluded by the letter K (general call with request for reply). The signal QST, used as a preface to broad- casts, is now abandoned, and the call CQ not followed by the letter K (general call without request for reply) is to be employed for broad- casts of information intended to be read by any- one who can receive them. NEW AUDIBILITY SCALE The old scale used to express the strength of signals, running from R1 to R9, is abandoned, 1929 Abbreviations OST 4] and in its place a simpler and more practicable scale running from 1 to 5 is adopted. This is not used in connection with the letter R but with the abbreviation QSA, the new meaning for which should be seen under the Q Code. Thus one might say “QSA 3’, the exact and literal meaning of which is “The strength of your signals is fairly good; readable, but with difficulty”. The scale: 1—Hardly perceptible; unreadable. 2—Weak; readable now and then. 3—Fairly good; readable, but with dif- ficulty. 4—-Good; readable. 5—Very good; perfectly readable Q CODE We have a new Q Code. It is much longer and more complete than the previous code. In many cases it assigns utterly different meanings to familiar abbreviations. The old code must be forgotten and the new one learned. Here are the new meanings, effective January Ist. It is of course understood that an abbreviation takes the form of the appropriate question when it is followed by a question mark. el Question Annee QRA What is the name of your station? The name of my station is bes QRB At what approximate distance are you The approximate distance between our from my station? stations is ..... nautical miles (or ... kilometers). QRC By what private company (or govern- The accounts for charges of my station ment administration) are the ac- are liquidated by the private counts for charges of your station company (or by the government ad- liquidated? ministration of ). QRD Where are you going? I am going to .. QRE What is the nationality of your sta- The nationality of my station is tion? QRF Where do you come from? I come from QRG Will you indicate to me my exact Your exact wave length is metersI wave length in meters (or frequency is (or kilocycles). in kilocycles)? QRH What is your exact wave length in My exact wave length is meters meters (frequency in kilocycles)? (frequency kilocycles ). QRI Is my tone bad? Your tone is bad. QRJ Are you receiving me badly? Are my I can not receive you. You signals are signals weak? too weak. QRK Are you receiving me well? Are my I receive you well. Your signals are good. signals good? QRL Are you busy? Iam busy. Or, (Iam busy with 7 Please do not interfere. QRM Are you being interfered with? I am being interfered with. QRN Are you troubled by atmospherics? I am troubled by atmospherics. QRO Must I increase power? Increase power. QRP Must I decrease power? Decrease power. = QRQ Must I send faster? Send faster (. . words per minute).

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QRI QR" QR) QSZ Question Answer OCTOBER, 1928 QRS QRT QRV ) fust I wait? lust I send more slowly? ist I stop sending? ve you anything for me? t I send a series of V’s? tee that you are alling him? Iv When will you call me gain: ‘h is my turn? vhom am I being called? t is the strength of my signals (1 to oO ? es the strength of my signals vary? ) my signals disappear entirely at tervals? my keying bad? e my signals distinct? my automatic transmission good? I transmit the telegrams by a ries of 5, 10 (or according to any ther indication)? ist I send one telegram at a time, repeating it twice? meters ters or st I send the telegrams in alternate rder without repetition? t is the charge to be collected per WONG FOP ..ceccss including your ternal telegraph charge? t I suspend traffic? At what time will you call me again? you give me acknowledgment of receipt? ve you received my acknowledg- ent of receipt? you receive me now? tinue to listen? you communicate with ........ rectly (or through the intermedi- rv of )? you rel Ly ‘to 9 Must I free of 1 arge t tL send each word or group once the distress call received from been attended to? t I send on .... meters (or .... weycles) waves of type Al, A2, A3, or B?* I shift to the wave of ..... (or of .... kilocycles), for e balance of our communications, continue after having sent veral V’s? | you send on .... meters (or on kilocycles) waves of Type Al, \2, A3 or B?* my wave length (frequency) t I send on the wave of .... me- kilocycles) without anging the type of wave? ust I send each word or group twice. Send more slowly (.. words per minute). Stop sending. I have nothing for you. Send a series of V’s Please advise ........ that I am calling him. Wait until I have finished communicating ae I will call you immedi- ately (or at ...... . o'clock). Your turn is No. . (or according to any other indication). You are being called by a The strength of your signals is .. (1 to 5). The strength of your signals varies. Your signals disappear entirely at intervals. Your keying is bad. Your signals are un- readable. Your signals run together. Your automatic transmission fades out. Transmit the telegrams by a series of 5, 10 (or according to any other indication). Transmit one telegram at a time, repeating it twice. Send the telegrams in alternate order with- out repetition. The charge to be collected per word for Waalniewn conan franes, including my internal telegraph charge. Suspend traffic. I will call you again at A; (o'clock). I give you ‘acknowledgment of receipt. I have not received your acknowledgment of receipt. I can not receive you now. Continue to listen. I can communicate with directly (or through the intermediary of ......) I will relay to .. free of charge. Send each word or group once only. The distress call received from ........ has been attended to by ” Send on .... meters (or on .... kilo cycles), waves of Type Al, A2, A3 or B.* I am listening for you. Shift to wave of . _.meters (or of . kilocycles) for the balance of our com- munications and continue after having sent several V’s. I will send on .... meters (or .... kilo cycles) waves of Type Al, A2, A3 or B.* Continue to listen. Your wave length (frequency) varies. Send on the wave of .... meters (or .... kilocycles) without changing the type of wave. Send each word or group twice. & He xl SD 2 20 © LOS rd od fe ee te I Or. Ck.

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OCTOBER, 1928 Abbre- viation qrA Question Answer Must I cancel telegram No. .... as if it had not been sent? Cancel telegram No. as if it had not been sent. QTB Do you agree with my word count? I do not agree with your word count; I shall repeat the first letter of each word and the first figure of each number. QTC How many telegrams have you to I have telegrams for you or for .... send? QTD Is the word-count which I am con- The word count which you confirm to me firming to you accepted? is accepted. QTE What is my true bearing? Your true bearing is .. degrees (or) (or) What is my true bearing relative to? Your true bearing relative to is degrees at .... (o’clock). QTF Will you give me the position of my The position of your station based on the station based on the _ bearings bearings taken by the radiocompass taken by the radiocompass stations stations which I control is latitude which you control? . longitude. QTG Will you transmit your call signal for I am sending my call signal! for one minute one minute on a wave length of . on the wave length of meters (or meters (or .... kilocycles) in order kilocycles) in order that you may that I may take your radiocompass take my radiocompass bearing. bearing? QTH What is your position in latitude and My position is . latitude . longitude longitude (or according to any other (or according to any other indication). indication)? QTI What is your true course? My true course is .... degrees. QTJ What is your speed?, My speed is .... knots, or kilome- ters per hour. QTK | What is the true bearing of real- The true bearing of relative to me is tive to you? . degrees at (o'clock). QTL Send radio signals to enable me to de- I am sending radio signals to permit you to termine my bearing with respect to determine your bearing with respect to the radio beacon. the radio beacon. QTM Send radio signals and submarine I am sending radio signals and submarine sound signals to enable me to deter- sound signals to permit you to determine mine my bearing and my distance. your bearing and your distance. QTN Can you take the bearing of my sta- I can not take the bearing of your station tion (or of ....) relative to you? (or of ....) relative to my station. QTP Are you going to enter the dock (or the I am going to enter the dock (or the port). port)? QTR | What is th exact time? The exact time is . . QTS | What is the true bearing of your sta- The true bearing of my station relative to tion relative to me? to you is .... at (o’clock). QTU What are the hours during which your My station is open from .... to station is open? Waves are classified as follows in Art. 4, General Regulations. Al: unmodulated continuous waves, varied by telecraphic keying. A2: graphic keying. MISCELLANEOUS ABBREVIATIONS The following miscellaneous abbreviations now have universal agreement and should no longer be employed in other than the meanings continuous waves modulated at A3: continuous waves modulated by speech or by music. B: audible frequency, with which is combined tele- damped waves.—Editor, specified, nor should other than the specified abbreviation be employed to convey any mean- ing listed in this table. ma Meaning C Yes. N No. P Announcement of private telegram in the mobile service (to be used as a prefix). W Word or words. AA “All after ....” (to be used after a question mark to request a repetition). AB “All before ....” (to be used after a question mark to request a repetition). AL ‘All that has just been sent”’ (to be used after a question mark to request a repetition). BN “All between ....”’ (to be used after a question mark to request a repetition). BQ Announcement of reply to a request for rectification. “T am closing my station.”

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OCTOBER, 1928 signal (to be used to ask repetition of a call signal). an not give you a bearing, you are not in the calibrated sector of this station.” [he minimum of your signal is suitable for the bearing.” ur bearing at .... (o’clock) was .... degrees, in the doubtful sector of this station, with a possible error of two degrees. ise advise me if you note an error in the bearing given. searing doubtful in consequence of the bad quality of your signals. Bearing doubtful because of interference. ur bearing at .... (o’clock) was .... degrees in the doubtful sector of this station. ring doubtful. Ask for another bearing later, or at (o’clock). yond 50 miles, possible error of bearing can atta‘n two degrees. ust your transmitter, the minimum of your signal is too broad. in not furnish you with a bearing; the minimum of your signal is too broad. ; station is bilateral, what is your approximate direction in degrees relative to thi: tation? . bearing is reciprocal (to be used only by the central station of a group of radio ympass stations when it is addressed to other stations of the same group). , re .”’ (to be used before the name of the mobile station in the sending of route indications). Resume sending”’ (to be used more especially in the fixed service). [f I may send, make a series of dashes. To stop my transmission, make a series of lots’ (Not to be used on 600 meters (500 kilocycles). ute or minutes (to be used to indicate the duration of a wait) resume transmission’”’ (to be used more especially in the fixed service). We are in agreement.”’ nouncement of a request for rectification. nouncement of the name of an aircraft station (to be used in the sending of jndi- itions of passage). ouncement of the name of an aeronautic station. nouncement of the name of a coast station. ouncement of the name of a ship station (to be used in the transmission of indi- ations of passage). ouncement of the request or of the sending of indications concerning a mobile tation. we in agreement?”’ rd after ......”’ (to be used after a question mark to request a repetition) rd before ** (to be used after a question mark to request a repetition). nN spherics. your service advice.” orten the traffic by using the International Abbreviations.” or peat (or I repeat) the figures in abbreviation form.” lress (to be used after a question mark to request a repetition). firm” or “I confirm.” late” or “I collate.” e punctuation counts.” yuncement of telegram concerning ship service only (to be used as a prefix). imble (to be used after a question to request a repetition). ferring to ” or “Refer to és peat” or “I repeat’ (to be used to ask or to give repetition of all or part of the raffic by making the corresponding indication after the abbreviation). iture (to be used after a question mark to request a repetition). nouncement of service telegram concerning private traffic (to be used as a prefix). to be used after a question mark to request a repetition). J. 2% tually did the job was Dr. John W. Waters —_— Strays} 6EC, who asked nn-1NIC to QSY as he was of the radio contact with the on KHAB’s wave. Cross” which appeared in the ", J. Walter Frates, 6CZR stated th district amateur was respon- There is not doubt about the fact that ng a Nicaraguan station off the High-C circuits are the gnat’s knees, but He would like it to be known, why carry the idea to extremes? In Fig. 8 it this statement was the result page 15 of the August QS7, C5 could surely lerstanding. The man who ac- be less than 2000 Fd.—T. J. McLeod.

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OCTOBER, 1928 OST The Duriron-Duralumin Electrolytic Rectifier By Norman E. Woldman, Ph.D.* N practically all electrolytic cells used at electrical properties. Films formed in this present to rectify alternating current, the operative electrode consists of alum- inum or tantalum while the auxiliary electrode is usually lead. The aluminum cell is well known and has been used for years, while the tantalum cell is a newer develop- ment and quite superior to the old aluminum cells in many respects. Where only a small load is required, the aluminum rectifier is efficient. But for higher loads where a rate of several amperes is required the tantalum rectifier is better adapted. It has the advantage over the aluminum rectifier in being more resistant + > to the corrosive action of the electrolyte, manner are characterized by the influence of impressed potentials on their electrical re- sistance. This resistance characteristic im- parts to the film the capability of conducting current more freely in one direction than in another; of breaking down as an insulation between the metallic electrode and the solu- tion when voltages above the critical value are applied; and, in combination with its dielectric property and the thinness of the film, of holding a substantial charge of elec- tricity at potentials below the breakdown voltage’. When a valve electrode* acts as cathode the full current passes with applied voltage. and consequently has a longer life. Because of its high resistance to corrosive action it permits the use of higher current densities. Certain metals' when used as an electrode in an electrolytic cell con- taining a suitable electrolyte offer a high resistance to the flow of cur- rent from electrode to electrolyte, but little resistance to the current flowing in the opposite direction, | Cone * | yy a Q | | .. 3! $ e teebead i iu ——. nm Woe Au 4 decane ry ers | namely, from electrolyte to elec- trode. The direction of current is here used in the ordinary sense, that is, opposite to the flow of elec- trons. Such a metal acts as a check valve in an alternating cur- rent circuit. An electrolytic rectifier consists essentially of a “valve” metal as an electrode, a suitable electrolyte and an aux- iliary electrode which will permit the cur- rent to flow readily in either direction. A considerable number of metals possess this valve effect, among them being, alumi- num, tantalum, bismuth, magnesium, vana- dium, columbium and a few others, but only wo of them have been successfully used in practice as electrolytic valve electrodes, namely, aluminum and tantalum. A new operative electrode possessing this valve effect has been found which is cap- able of withstanding higher loads than pure aluminum. This metal, known commercial- ly as Duralumin, is a copper-aluminum alloy which has been specially heat-treated and aged. It has the following composition: 94.66% aluminum, 3.93% copper, 0.56% manganese, 0.50% magnesium, 0.33% sili- con, and 0.02% carbon. Duralumin anodes, as aluminum and tantalum anodes, in a suitable electrolyte become coated with a film having remarkable *Asst. Prof Academy, Postgraduate of Metallurgy and Chemistry, U. S. Naval School a | — {| +]4- WIRING DIAGRAM FOR "B- BATTERY ELIMINATOR FIG. 1 But when it acts as anode a feeble current will pass, negligible in strength if the im- pressed voltage is below the breakdown voltage of the oxide film. As the potential is increased this “leakage current” will in- crease at a rate greater than proportionate to the voltage. As the maximum or break- down potentials are approached it will be observed, if the rcom is darkened, that the anode begins to glow uniformly over the surface with a pale light and with further increases in voltage sparks begin to scin- tillate over the entire electrode surface. The current through the cells (leakage cur- rent) becomes appreciable under this con- dition and increases more rapidly until slightly above the sparkling potential the cells act virtually as a short circuit. Upon reduction of the voltage, however, the insu- lating properties of the film are restored, and the current leakage decreases with de- creasing potential. Duralumin electrodes 1. H.D. Ho'ler & J.P. Schrodet, Bureau of Stand- ards, Tech. Paper No. 265. 2. H.O. Siegmund, J. Am. April 1928. 3. J. Slepion, J. Am. Electrochem, Soc., Sept, 1927. Electrochem. Soc., (Continued on Page 80)

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‘= orts Nj Ost OCTOBER, 1928 Getting Started on 160 Meters By Harold P. Westman, Technical Editor old timers in this radio game ours look with scorn upon the of the newer men because hey feel that it is so much easier for the neophyte to obtain his than it was ten years or so y lany respects they are justified f that the road to your first more closely resemble the than it did when they trav- ago, the number of periodicals suitable for consumption by mateur could be counted on the rte ad when less painful pro- tain that amateur any means. nsidered gular radio page ind many that is- ad 1 text books that W 1owledge of elec- ( gligible. ne hand while today there is wspaper in the not more successful. In the first place, he has been attracted to radio because some one told him or he read that it would be possible, with a low powered transmitter employing a receiving tube, to get in com- munication with similar stations located thousands of miles away. Such stories are usually told in that matter-of-fact fashion that leads one to believe that they are common occurrences and that such com- munications may be had with the greatest of ease. It will be pointed out that a license will be necessary and will require a few month’s study and code work. The man naturally assumes this to be the greatest s that does not supplement of size once a week. ) these there are ber of monthly say nothing for the started ritten getting All in mentioned old something on they think coveted radio li- tely, obtaining not finish This as the t”’ preceding your actual start lio. From then on you are own hook and this aoes on your ndicated by your license must - and polished to suit conditions them in actual practice. In a of cases, this period is by far ing of the two and many of 10t continue in this particular happiness drop out because of an irmount its difficulties or be- eturn on their investment seems \fter all, six months’ or a year’s st an plus investment of one or two hun- two or three months of g and patient listening does seem bitant price to pay for a small rratic, incomplete QSO’s! everal very definite reasons man’s advent upon the air is THE COMPLETED RECEIVER difficulty involved and sets it up as the highest goal to be reached. Little wonder that he is disappointed when he actually gets on the air with his poorly adjusted transmitter and ineffective antenna system. What the author left out of his article was that a larger transmitter had previously been employed at the station which allowed the antenna system to be adjusted to give maximum radiation at the particular fre- quency desired, that it was necessary to pick a part of the band which was com- paratively free from interference and that a time should be picked at which but few other stations were being operated so that this weak signal would be heard by the distant receiving operator. One must then realize that a considerable amount of skill may be required upon the part of both op- erators and that if the transmitted signal is not othe but to h Ir ama

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e, he some d be itter -om- ated are hion are om- test 2nse few nan test = “wee Ss ee ss OCTOBER, 1928 not steady and the keying excellent, the other operator may not bother with it at all but run his receiver dial to a signal more to his own liking. In the second place, a man who enters amateur radio for the DX that may be TAP TO GRID FOR a ' 3500 KC BAND FL AMENT THROTTLE CONDENSER +A - -Be PHONES Par FIG. 1. IN ADDITION TO THE CIRCUIT DIA- GRAM THE MANNER IN WHICH THE WINDINGS ON THE COIL FORM ARE DISTRIBUTED Is ALSO INDICATED All coila are wound in the direction being of same No. 26 de.c. wire and the windings are spaced \,” from each other. Li—i0 turna. (2—38 turns with tap 15 turns from the filament end Ls—7 turns. Ci—140 wufds. variable. C2—350 uufds. variable. C3—150 uufds. fixed Ri—5 megs. R2—6 ohms for ’01-A tubes or 20 ohms for '99s gotten out of it will hear, long before he obtains his license, that the best band for DX is the 7000-ke. (40-meter) one. He, therefore, assumes that that band offers the greatest inducement and builds his equip- ment accordingly. Irmdoing so he overlooks some extremely important factors which he bumps his head into at a later date. To begin with, every other beginner has chosen that band for the same reason that he did. What is more important is that only too many of the advanced men have done the same thing years before and are already firmly intrenched therein. Their signals have become familiar to foreign op- erators, their “fists” are easily copied, friendships and schedules have been estab- lished and it is only logical that the foreign amateur will answer their more consistent signals in preference to the swinging, poor- ly-keyed signals of the inexperienced man. Why shouldn’t he? An amateur athlete with but a few weeks training would not consider entering the Olympic tournaments but the amateur radio operator takes his faith in hand and runs in to the battle without a thought of defeat. Small wonder that he recoils with a wounded, startled look on his face! OST 47 Ten years ago when a new man came on the air, conditions were quite different. To begin with, the world might have been DX crazy but it wasn’t the same kind of DX. Where we now speak of thousands of miles, the conversation of that day dealt chiefly with hundreds of miles. 220 meters was the “band” and the new man usually started in with a spark coil, the maximum range of which was considered to be but a few miles. The result was that the man was satisfied to work stations around the “block” and spent his time “rag chewing” with these local stations giving but little thought to signals from out of the state because they were quite obviously out of the reach of his transmitter. The effect was that in a few months the man became a pretty decent op- erator. A QSO might last a half an hour or it might keep going for a couple of hours with the assistance of some of the other locals. Three, four or five cornered conversations were not unusual and were lots of fun. Some times you only discovered how many interested listeners there were by the number of different HI’s that fol- lowed a “wise crack”! Those of you who have but recently been granted your licenses are missing some- thing very worthwhile when you are unable to indulge in this sort of “community” life. Your experience on the 7000-kce. band con- sists of listening for some signal that has travelled at least a thousand miles (else it won’t be DX) ascertaining the call (these being repeated many times offer little in the way of code practise) and then frantical- ly replying to it only to have the station answer someone else or, worse, start over again on another elongated CQ. When you are tired of answering CQ’s, you try sending a few yourself, the results as far as contacts are concerned being about the same. When contact with another is finally achieved, one usually does nothing other than swap signal reports and 73’s. Many of you already realize these things but don’t know what to do about it while others feel that there is something wrong but have been unable to analyze the prob- lem effectively enough to determine just where the shoe does pinch. Many plans have been suggested to alleviate this trouble and the one that seems to offer the greatest possibility for success is to encourage the formation of groups of beginners who will work among themselves. In other words, we will endeavor to duplicate conditions as they were ten years ago. It is quite obvious that the only present amateur band that offers itself for such operation is the 1750- ke. (160-meter) band. It is not overly popu- lated; is to a large extent free from the vagaries of 7000- and 14000-ke. transmis- (Continued on Page 58)

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Ost Visual Radio and Its Possibilities By Milton A. Ausman* ICAL science tells us that about y per cent of the nervous rgy expended in any individual ut through the eyes. That they al re efficient apparatus than the ly true. Light deals with ngths impressed on a more and it is thus that it is m nt than sound. Since our seeing efficient and there are ells devoted to them and their th reaction is more direct it is that code could be read easier dium of light.’ nker lamp was a good example had considerable lag and cooling off and warming up pov more ur lid not respond to the dots and la y were sent with any speed. Tt ted the ordinary lamp from the ! re than the fact that it was to couple it to a receiver so vuld be read. The Moore lamp to any frequency of signal difficult to couple, the coup- be done through a relay. S igo I thought of the Pallopho- to} h was developed, I believe, by Hu General Electric laboratories. TI n question manipulated a beam f igh the action of a magnetic fl mature to which was coupled ’ mirror. The beam of light rht sensitive film and it was that the music or code was produce the signal or music ght was passed through the filly electric cell of the potassium: sut of the cell was fed into t of a vacuum tube and thus it d to any intensity. I t} machine that brought the ’ mind. In order to actuate ch was fastened on to the f a cone speaker unit, two lification were used. Several st tuned in up in the vicinity of 16 nd the path of the light beam r rround glass. The source of ig flector and bulb of a thou- Sal flashlight. A circular dise of iced over the lens and a hole the size of the end of a piece ire init to givea beam of light. Tl was concentrated on the mirror. \ when the signal came in the beam Radio Tube Co., 3420 18th St., San the highest speed desired does menon of persistence of vision. of light chased prettily up and down the ground glass. The mirror consisted of the tiniest piece possible of an automobile re- flector that would just take the whole of the beam of light at six inches. A small telescope was used to watch the mirror and a tiny hole was put in a shield in front of the telescope so that when the signal came in, the entire field of the telescope became light and when the signal discontinued the field became very nearly dark. The entire experiment was done in the dark and a board covered with black felt was used be- tween the apparatus proper and_ the observer. This concludes the work as far as it has gone but it by no means exhausts the possi- bilities of the apparatus. A vertical slit might be used with the colors of the rain- bow in the glass and color music thus en- joyed. It may make it possible for the deaf to enjoy amateur radio, any one who can tell the difference between light and dark “an read the code and greater speeds may be possible with this machine than with the usual headsets. It may be possible to record music on small portable motion picture cameras, to be reproduced as mentioned in the description of the Pallophotophone in the fore part of this article. Apparatus used in this experiment on the optical end was obtained from Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, New York. A Penn Speaker unit was used to actuate the mirror which was obtained from a piece of reflector off a very complicated machine known as a Ford. The parts are cheap, substitutions and revisions are possible and the possibilities unlimited. — ee Strays$) Capt. S. C. Hooper, U.S.N., until recently acting as Technical Advisor to the Federal! Radio Commission, has relinquished those duties upon taking office as the Director of Naval Communications, as mentioned in our last issue. He has been succeeded as Chief Technical Advisor to the Commission by Dr. J. H. Dellinger, chief of the radio laboratory of the Bureau of Standards. Associated with Dr. Dellinger as a Technical Advisor is Lt. Commander T. A. M. Craven, U.S.N., whose valiant efforts on behalf of amateur radio at the “tea-cupping” sessions of the International Radiotelegraphic Con- ference were described in detail in our January issue. OCTOBER, 1928 in m

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he he e- of il] id of ne ne he 1e rd re in in OCTOBER, 1928 James J. N AN article entitled “The Zepp” which appeared in September QST7, it was recommended that the antenna be made exactly a half of the desired funda- mental wavelength long and later shortened until its fundamental was that required. In following this procedure on a number of Zepp installations having fundamental an- tennas of from 10 to 80 meters, it became apparent that there was a very fixed and definite ratio of antenna length to fundamental wavelength. This held true irrespective of whether the antenna was vertical or hori- Ww 1CCZ zontal, within a quarter wavelength WICEI of ground or high above ground, Racntnninal operated on its fundamental or on W1IBHW its harmonics. The method of W1SZ checking the fundamental wave- WoCEI length was that described in the above mentioned article, although an additional check by the method of inserting a thermo-couple am- meter at the center of the antenna was tried in one case. Sadly enough, the latter highly rec- ommended method proved far less accu- rate than the use of meters in the feeders, the point of maximum antenna current being difficult to determine due to the fact that there was no detectable change in the reading of the meter over a con- siderable frequency and wavelength range’, while the difference in current as indicated by meters in the feeders was immediately apparent upon a comparatively _ slight change in the supplied frequency. Data on a considerable number of Zepp antennas were collected. A table of repre- sentative installations is shown in Fig- ure 1. The important item in this table is the length-in-feet to fundamental-wave- length-in-meters ratio, the average being 1.558 or practically 1.56. This means that: Length of antenna in feet—Fundamental in meters x 1.56. It is notable that the antennas had funda- mentals in the 28,000 kc., 7,000 ke. and 3,500 ke. bands, and were of horizontal, vertical *1SZ-1CEI. Technical Information Service and Experimenters Section, A. R. R. L. 1—The resistance of the antenna itself is large compared to that of the non-radiatine feeders. the meters in the feeder system giving a sharper indica- tion of resonance.—Author. 2—The Natural Period of Linear Conductors, C. R. Englund, Bell System Technical Journal, July, 1928. 3—Distribution of Current In a Trangmitting An- tenna, Raymond W. Wilmotte, B. A., Proceedings of the Wireless Section, Institution of Electrical Engineers, (British), June, 1928. 4—Abraham, Ann. der Phy., 66, 435, 1898. Ann. 2, 32, 1900. Jahr. d. D. T. u. T., 14, 146, 1919. What Length Antenna? LOCATION OST 49 Lamb* and bent types, the feeders being of widely varying lengths. Not satisfied with our own determination of this important ratio, we went hunting for corroboration or denial from more authori- tative sources. As an American authority we found C. R. Englund’ backing us up with the results of a series of experiments on horizontal Hertz antennas having fundamental wavelengths TYPE ANT. FUND. W.L. LENGTH RATIO METERS FEET “HORIZ. 104 £42416 1.54 HORIZ. 37.8 59 1.56 HORIZ. 41.0. 64. ~+«1.56 : VERT. a 10.3 a “16 1.56 ~ BENT. #4760 °&#120- 1.57 ~ Ave WE nea cccwe 1.558 — FIG. 1 RELATION BETWEEN ANTENNA LENGTH AND FUNDA- MENTAL WAVELENGTH OF A REPRESENTATIVE GROUP OF ZEPPELIN ANTENNAS ranging from 5.36 to 6.34 meters. The re- sults of these experiments showed that the natural wavelength of the antenna was 2.1 times the length in meters. Reducing this to our length-in-feet to wavelength-in- meters ratio, we come out with 1.56. So far, so good. Going a little further afield, the experi- ments of Wilmotte’® of the B. B. C. in Eng- land gave us additional satisfaction. Work- ing with the Marconi (grounded) type of fundamental antenna, he found the natural wavelength to be 4.2 times the actual length in meters, which reduced to terms of the un- grounded Hertz and the length-in-feet to wavelength-in-meters ratio again gives 1.56. While this finding is but an incident of his experiment, it is important to us. No less important is his proof that the voltage and current distribution in the antenna is prac- tically sinusoidal under all conditions, whether the antenna be operated on its fundamental or harmonics. He also found that an insulated, grounded or tuned con- ductor placed near the antenna had neg- ligible effect on the current distribution. His work was conducted on wavelengths rang- ing from 15 to 800 meters. Going still further in point of both distance and time we found Abraham‘ in Germany to precede Wilmotte in agreement with our ratio. There appears to be no reason why this 1.56 ratio should not be ap- (Continued on Page 76)

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Cambridge Road, Wimbledon, S. W., 20, England wlij w2agl w2ajh w2aon w2ap!] w2ass x aub w2axf w2bad w2bek w2ber w2beg 5 w2bse w2crs w2dp w2fs w2ps w2wa w4 w5adn wh5aej w5aim w5alq wh5aiz w5oat . , iat w5aut w5Sayb wibag wibam w5bf e w5ix w5ike w5imq w5inj w5oa w5pt wi w6agr w6ahs w6ajm w6alw w6avp wé6ayi we w6bib w6bjh w6bq w6bsn wébyy w6bzf we 6eub w6ewl w6cxi w6cyx w6cze w6dbo w6 w6ddy w6dev w6dhq w6dhs wé6dlw . w5idri w6ec w6ih w6jn w6uf wé6vz wT wTafo wiafq wiago wiakj wief wife w wimy wimx wivq wS8cwi wS8dii w8ez v9nan v9aew w9ahq w9ahz w9aio w9ake w9anb r wSavu w9ayl w9bad w9bam w9bbi wSbeq w9bib w9bmm w9bmx w9bov “ w9bre w9btw wSceb wScfn w9cej w9Iche wo w9esr wScuh w9cvd w9evn wIcya wIcye wo w9ddh wSdes w9dfj w9dha w9dk w9dnd w9 w9wel wSeey w9ef w9efk w9efz wIekm wi weeps wSerh w9eta w9etd w9eul w9ews w9 ‘by w9fbw w9fdj w9fewe w9fzo wIfiy w9 v9le w9mh w9sx w9uu w9xl ac-2al af-kol A wy fb-Shl fq-pm fq-Shp¢ fo-a9a fo-lsr r¢ m ve2bb ve3ap ve3be ve3cj ve3fce ve8ae ha vebaw ve5bbn ne-Sae ne-8rg nm-lz nn k4agf nmw-2ac nq-5cx nq-5fl oa-2iy : oa-2yi oa-sbk oa-3de oa-3gr oa-3hl 1-3 a-Sem oa-5dx oa-5hg oa-7cs oz-2bg¢ oz-3aw oz-3az oz-4ae oz-4am oz r-Sat Moreira,-6 Rua Paula Gemes, Curityba. 20-meter band) vlaqd wlaze wlbux wlbyv wlll wlkh wlor a w2aeb w2ari w2ash w2atr w2avb wk w2ee w3ank w3kd w3aqv w3wm wdab wia re whawd w6bzr w6drb wécsj wSagq wRbr wSeed wScfr w8cjm w8clt w8dtn w8rd wa w9bew wSdbw w9ef w9etk w9fhy ve2br fl ef-8jr ef-8o0rm ef-rrr ef-8rpu eg-6by eg-6r eg-2kf em-smte es-2nad sc-2ab sc-3ac Ev j auck, Mestec, Kralove, Czecho- slovakia v x wich wlez w2bke w2ccew w2cx!l w2q b wiaba w4adb xnu-7eef velbr velak sa-d a-dg4 sa-em8 sb-lah sb-lar sb-law b- l sb-lid sb-1ls sb-2qa sc-2ab su-lIci (20-meter band) wilbux wlbyv wiry kdagf sb-lca — | G. Fownes, 110 Riddiford St., Wel- yton, New Zealand jady k7alq k7hi k7mn k7nr k7te k7to ve2 vedaj ve4dgb vetha vebgt veicj veicg nr x nr-2ags ea-jh ea-ch ea-rh eb-4ft ec-lfm ec-1r ef-8ge ef-80] ef-8ba eg-5nj ei-Ich ei-lbd j-1f lec ei-lqw ei-lpo ei-lgk ej-700 ej-7ff em-sr ar eu-88ra eu-49ra fb-8m fm-ear88 fe-lac sa-de3 b-lbo sb-lid sb-2ia sb-5fy sc-2as sc-3cj sc-7aa er su-leg su-loa su-2ak su-2bt ag-67ra aj-2ax aq-lac ac-8rb au-48ra au-86ra op-lpo w6efq k6dju k6dlr k6db k6kq Ss ort, KOGR at Ponce, Porto Rico by ex-5SR ex5PG wia 1 wlalb wlamu wlans wilarv wlaw Ims w2aeb w2anh w2atq w2avp w2ay w2az v2bkh w2bxr w2bw w2cf w2cxl w2ds w2fe w2gk w2jc w2mq w2rs w2uo w2vz w2xs w3aa w3aba w3afa w3afx w3anh w3ard w3apq w3ark w3au w3auv w3auw wS3ayz w3cc w3cf w3ckl w3aay wiabw wiabz w4acm wdacv w4aec wiaeo wiam! wiaw w4bng wibu w4ck w4fx wi4gn w4hh w4hz w4jac w4pac wdipd w4qb w4sq w4we w4zx w5abi w5acl w5afe w5aga w5ain w5azu w5baj w5bb w5bez wicy widi w5gr w4lo w5ql wire w5uk wivx w5yb w6awa wé6azm w6bf wé6chq wé6dca w6dko w6gu w6hm wé6ju_ wéli w6wk wiafu wiar wids wieg wife wigp wiiu wimx winr wS8air wSajv wSam wSapn wSas wS8aze wSaxs w8aze w8bbs w8be w8bdm wSbaqa wScau w8ccm w8ccs w8cew w&Sckh wSdme w8dpa w8dnm w&8dwe w8li wSpk wS8pu w9afx w9ajp w9avz w9axu w9bde w9bir w9bmm w9bpq w9bxr w9chi w9crd w9dea w9dng wIdez wIdte wSdwe w%el wIeez wifees w9ef wSxi ve2bw vedgo ve%al nm-Sag nm-9a k4aan k4sa nq-2la nq-2pt nq-2ro nq-3jt iq-5by nq-5ex. oa-2RX, H. C. St. John, Rockdale, N. S. W., Australia wibux wipd w2bfv w2cdm w3bjm wdagr wito w5afx whibbe w5bh w6bax w6bjh w6bq wé6csj wécuh w6cyx w6dbo w6dcv w6dhs w6édom wédor w6ih wéqy w6vz wiabg wiach wiafo wifr wiov wS8ahe wS8asf wSavp wS8azg w8bzl wScbd wSced w8dtn w9adn. ed-7XX, H. Glistrup, Copenhagen, Denmark (30 to 40-meter band) wladm wlafe wlake wlfn wlke w2api w2bix w2bjg w2ctf w2cxl w2fk w2gv w2jd w20i w20ow w2wi w3aaj w3ac w3anh w3gp wdabl wiagr w4aq w4nu w8brh se-laj se-law sc-lbo sc-lej se-lc!l se-2ag se-2ah sec2aj se-2az so-laa sc-4nu su-Icg fg-ocya xed-oic. (20-meter band) w2aca w2aer w2avb wlaff wlalb wibyv wicic w2bb w2bfq w9auu. ef-RO91, C. Conte, 24 Allee du Rocher, Bois, (S.et-o) France wlabd wlack wladm wlahx wlakb wlaue wlicpe wlkb wlyb wlsi w2amt w2aoj w2api w2apq w2azs w2bfq w2beo w2bhr w2bls w2bnb w2bse w2bxu w2chu w2cuq w2dl w2dq w2ge w2hr w2jd w2kr w2mb w2ns w2ps w2wi w2ja w3anh w3arx w3afl w3aws w3bm w3buv w3chk w3cj w3cef wide w3dh w3dlp w3ez w3na w3sn w3sz w4abw wiabz wiada wiaft w4aq w4cj w4idp wiei wiky wilu wilp wioo w4pd w4px w4sq wito wikh wivx w5ayl w6avl w6azs wife wivq wS8aff w8adm wS8adq wS8aht w8bjb w8baf w8brh w8bth wS8btr wSbox wScke w8css w8dnu wS8dsy wS8hd wSli w8orm w9bre w%9cia wS8ck w%ecl w9ex w9sj w9ms w9xi k4agf k4sa ve2ca. Clich y-soua- en-OQQ Java Sea, Dutch East Indies wh5af w6bvr w6czm wé6crx wé6cesj wSceuh wé6ezr w6dkx w6dmge w9%auu w9fhp xnu-6elv xnu-Teff kédvg op-lad op-lem op-lhr op-Imc op-lpw oa-2ac oa-2kb oa-2ns oa-2tm oa-2yi oa-3lp oa-5bw oa-5dx oa-5Shg oa-5ja oa-5wh oa-5xe od-pk! od-lbh eb-4au_ eb-4ft ef-8btr ef-Shpg ef-Slx ef-80rm eg-5vl eci-ldy es-7dj bf-Saa fk-4ms fo-a4e fo-abb fo-a7q fo-a9a ac-lax ac-Iph ac-lez ac-8na ac-9aa aj-law aj-2by aj-2nk am-3ab. W2BOG, D. W. Morris, 7389 Amboy Road, Totten- ville, N. Y. ebl4au eb-4fp eb-4ft ef-8btr ef-8gdb ef-8ged ef-Swb ei-lgce ek-4au ek-4yt en-ovn ep-3co fz-amfg velce ve2bb ve2br ve3ar ve3ay ve3cb ve3cs veSet ve3fe vedbt ve4bu ve4dj vebad vebay vebdt vebgo ve9ai ve9ap ve9aq nj-2pa nm-In nm-9a nn-Inic nn-7Tnic nq-2iq nq-2jt (Continued on Page 60) OCTOBER, 1928 men bes one this me acti pub 0 be tha’ they cutt call of t reté mer! for the pri sen due pal we A dul oth see int no tio! Sec or

Page 49

3aa 3au abw bng 4pd aga 5gr zm v6li mx axs ccs Spk mm dite Yal Wes ito uh ay asf pe ns Sowa =< n~ - = — ow Ye Sy

OCTOBER, 1928

Conducted by HERE seems to be a little misunder- standing among some _ of the national sections of the I.A.R.U. as to the real purpose of this depart- ment in QST. Perhaps the attitude can best be shown by the question of the secretary of one of the national sections who wrote us this month asking, “Will it be all right for me to send in a monthly report of amateur activity in this country, and if so, will it be published in QST?” Our answer was that it certainly would be acceptable to have regular reports and that if they kept to a reasonable length, they would be published; if too long, a little cutting might have to be done. The editor of this department wishes to call to the attention of all national sections of the Union and of the presidents and_sec- retaries of these sections that this depart- ment of QST is first and foremost a forum for the member-societies of the Union. Since the creation of the I.A.R.U. this has been its principal object. This department repre- sents the only means that member-societies of the Union have for placing information of interest where all the other members of the Union will see it. It is most important, then, that first and foremost we have reports here from the vari- ous National Sections. Their reports are the ones that have first call on space here. Due in part, perhaps, to a misunderstanding of the real purpose of the department, and due also to inertia or lack of interest on the part of the officials of some national sections, we have not been able to carry regular monthly reports from each national section. A few national sections do see to it that duly authorized reports are sent in; for other countries where there are national sections we have to depend on reports of interested individuals who many times have no official connection with the national sec- tion, It is earnestly urged upon each national section to get an authorized report to Union Headquarters each month. If the presidents or secretaries of the national sections wish A. L. Budlong to write up these reports, fine and good. If they do not care to do so, then let them designate some individual to supply such an official report. England, South Africa, Germany and Australia now have such “official correspondents”; we urge every other national section to take similar action. For the information of the official corres- pondents already created, and also for those who may come into existence in the near future, the editor wishes to remark that all reports should, so far as possible, contain news of the activities and actions of the national sections rather than of individuals. AUSTRALIA Of particular interest in the following re- port is the information regarding the pros- pects for the formation of an amateur De-

THE ABOVE TRANSMITTER IS THAT OF SYD- NEY STRONG, AT GISBORNE, N. Z., OZ2AC The transmitter in the center is a series-feed Hart- ley using a UX852 tube, and 240 watts input, operat- ing on the third harmonic on 32 meters and the fifth harmonic for 19 meters. The standby 80-meter set uses a Phillips Z3 tube. Among the trophies on the wall can be seen a presentation photo from CB8 for the first international DX work; also a “clock” below the transmitting lead-in presented by the Radio So- ciety of France for a 24-hour test on 20 meters back in 1927. A relay of a message from Paris to Shanghai and aetting the answer back to Paris under 10 minutes constitutes one of 2AC’s chief traffic records. fence Auxiliary Force. The Wireless In- stitute of Australia (National Section LA.R.U.) is to be congratulated for its enterprise in this direction. “Amateur radio in this country is experi- encing a revival after one of those slack (Continued on Page 66)

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OsT Correspondence The Publishers of QST assume no responsibility for statements made herein by correspondents. Boycotting “Bootlegs” Nichols, Iowa. en in the game for the past five transmitting amateur and watch-

ern Electric 102-D tubes and four UV204-A R. C. A. tubes, serial numbers 13597, 13598, 13345, and 16618. We believe that the robbery took place about 2.30 AM, Sunday, June 17, 1928. At 7.00 AM one of the operators, upon enter- OCTOBER, 1928

ely during that time the opera-___ ing the station, found the rear window open | stations on the air I believe and three W. E. 212-D tubes in their origi- licensed operators to help keep nal cartons inside under the open window. vs from using the air. With the We believe these tubes were jumper (of which we have far a fire broke out in town about 2.30 AM and and the “bootlegger” this com-_ the fire siren no doubt scared away the in- have a very unpleasant effect truders. ich I supposed to be a special ition as his signals were , and with a good R.A.C. tone. back, after I answered his he was using a “bootleg” QRA was Ohio, I became very ted and listened to him only un- ’ when I immediately listened for a legal Evidentally he thought I had t this was not the case. ile at my station never to QSO never to answer if I know it before hand. e party using “8XX” will read nication, take it to heart and be- I have had several ’ station but have never believe we should all r to discourage them. .. Wildman, nu9DIB. ‘s Run Them Down Penna. State College, State College, Pa. Atlantic Division Convention of held here June 14, 15 and 16, suffered a loss due to a robbery $1000 worth of radio equipment. of four Western Electric Western Electric Electric type 205-D, two West-

amateurs of the U.S.A., at this We earnestly hope and believe that no in radio affairs. tural remedy for the “bootlegger” ensed stations to refuse to QSO y will die a natural death or ensed station; but as long as » QSO with them, this will just imber of them on the air. ng recently I called CQ on the amateur would lower himself in the eyes of fellow amateurs to do a trick such as this. Being an amateur in the large ama- teur fraternity of the United States I am calling on all amateurs to cooperate and as- sist in every way possible to have the above-mentioned property returned. This robbery places 8XE in rather bad shape because all tubes including spares for experimental work were stolen. This year’s budget will not permit the purchase of new equipment. If any one has information concerning these tubes, kindly communicate with the undersigned. Gilbert L. Crossley, Instructor Radio Engineering. A W.A.C. Problem Patton, Calif. Editor, QST: Silence has been maintained here until the strain is about 10 amps in the feed line of my very best Zepp. antenna, but we must get the A.R.R.L. WAC Club out of the rumpus. Let us take this insignificant little “one in thousands” stations for a fair example. Lots of midnight oil has been consumed with two things in mind: Traffic and DX. Don’t fool yourself that the DX man has no traf- fic. He has and it is often important at that. We get the contact and the traffic but where in thunder does that card go from that fellow over there. The message may be delivered but what of the card? Getting down to brass tacks, how many NU 8’s and 9’s have been QSO with AJ or AC? Andit is the same story with the 6’s and 7’s and their European contact. It is most certainly not a daily occurrence.

wv v

Page 51

)4-A 598, lace At iter- ypen rigi- low. ause and » in- ntil line aust the e in ple. vith on’t raf. - at but rom nay ‘ing and d it and inly Say You Saw In Q It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

Page 52

Look for the @ on top of all RADIO Z TUBES YHEN you look inside of your radio, be sure VU u see the monogram “C” smiling up at : on the top of each radio tube. Thirteen years of experience and tireless re- sear ombined with a guarantee against me- chanical and electrical defect stand behind this simp monogram. Cunningham Tube quality has resulted in na- tion | leadership and public approval, two assets we nlously guard and is your assurance of fault- le modern reception. Never use old tubes with new ones use new tubes througout r. CUNNINGHAM, INC. w York Chicago San Francisco nd sold under rights, patents owned and/or controlled by » Corporation of America. I can truthfully assert that one EF sta- tion stands between the gratification of the desire of five sixth district stations in this immediate vicinity of getting that coveted WAC certificate. So this plea is not a self- centered affair as this is the expression of those five and I know not how many more, I have, in my own case, the verification of other very reliable amateurs who listened to both sides of the QSO. But after having sent two well meant letters and cards IJ still have no reply from the French Amateur. I am then, not eligible for WAC although the cards from the other five continents are available in numbers. There is then some inequality for the re- quirements. It would be a pleasure to have opinions as to the possibilities of rectifica- tion of the present situation. Otherwise we will have to take the WAC off the hich pedestal where it now enjoys such high dis- tinction. As a suggestion it might be well to men- tion the rare possibility of a number of us unfortunates getting a charter of one of Uncle Sam’s First Line Cruisers. Perhaps we could actually frighten some of these chaps into putting out a little piece of paper known as a QSL card. How about it? —J. R. Wells, nu6QL-6AG 1929 Oakland, Cal. Editor, QST: The amateur is well aware of the fact that our bands have suffered multilation at the hands of the International Radiotele- graph Conference of 1927. But there is no need to go around moaning about it, gang— the outlook is brighter after you have studied the situation from different angles. The new bands are————“a sheep in wolf’s clothing!” An old proverb says that, “You can lead a horse to water but you can’t make him drink.” Weren’t the amateurs pushed down below 200 meters where the most important channels are now located. Did we drink? I hope to shout! The amateur guzzled in such delicious gulps that the commercial interests awakened to the fact that the water wasn’t poison; but that it was an excellent remedy for a multitude of existing ailments. Someone in the peanut gallery has a ques- tion. “Why is the new band like a sheep in wolf’s clothing?” I’m glad that someone is interested in what I’m trying to put over. In the August QST, the transmitter of 1929 holds the spotlight. Disappointed, weren’t you? . . . Simple, inexpensive and efficient . .. . the new era will demand jus: that! Expected to see a flock of trick doo- dads tacked on here and there? Big sur- prise, wasn’t it? After squinting at the transmitter from numerous angles we find that all the super- fluous bric-a-bracs had been hacked away,

Page 53

hese aper In the Sets Designed by Leading Engineers fact 1 at . ‘c . ele- Faradon Capacitors are specified as standard equipment ; no where electrostatic condenser long life and durability Py _ . + . ae is essential. les, If’s We will be pleased to cooperate with you on your condenser problems. Faradon engineers gladly supply vn data on special capacitor problems not covered by wn our more than 200 types of Faradon units ready for x? prompt delivery. in ’ —~ hh OA 7 jal WIRELESS SPECIALTY APPARATUS CO. the JAMAICA PLAIN BOSTON, MASS., U.S.A. Nees f Established 1907 ing es- in yne er. of ed, nd 1Se )0- ir- lectrostatic Condensers for All Purposes Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T 55 m Tr ry;

Page 54

NATIONAL RECTOBULBS T popularity grows steadily infailing source of smooth P Voltage. A Pair of Recto- full wave, will deliver a | d tive note, which may easily i ered to DC—the drop at | f ad of 250 Mils. is only 200 \ therefore, it will pay you lopt Rectobulbs for your Sti Price $15.00 each v a guaranteed Rebuild on {A —Thoriated . .$75.00 ea. A... Thoriated ..... $19.00 ea. Tungsten ...... $50.00 ea. Oxide ......... $40.00 ea. [oe skasacken $16.50 ea. i} 7 | e discontinued the Type 213 v hase BO tubes of types as listed above | N e for crates when cash accom- panies order. | NATIONAL RADIO TUBE CO., 6] 3420 18th St., San Francisco, Cal. A Ham Institution) Say You Saw It In QS T—It Identifies You and Helps QST the adjustments simplified and the wiring conspicuous by its absence. Rigid and strong mechanically as well as it is electrically, The result is a steady wave, readable sig- nals and more miles to the watt. The receiver will undoubtedly follow along the same lines. After all, gang, aren’t these a points the goal that we are striving or? “Necessity is the mother of invention.” If so, the new band will make us work out our little problems of making the “ham” game a finer and more interesting hobby .. yes it will be a “sheep in wolf’s cloth- ing!” Sometime in the near future an amateur will pick his “old junk” out of the scrap box and extending it at arms length, gaz- ing intently for a few minutes, then mur. mur slowly with a 60 cycle note something like this “Alas! Poor Yorick, I thought I knew him well.” —Edward Burke, Jr.. (DUR QsO? Chicago, Ill. Editor, QST: Someone, after listening in on the “ham” bands, described Amateur Radio as a realm in which everybody was calling somebody but nobody got to work anybody. If there are any discouraged “hams” who have come to think of this as a true picture, let them take hear and ponder upon the fact that even the commercial brass pounder has his trouble. Here is an example—it really happened. Ship Station called Coastal Staticn, and added, “Rush message, QRL.” Coastal Station answered and waited. No Reply. Coastal station waited. No reply. Five minutes later, the Ship Station again called Coastal Station, and appended, “Rush Msg QRL.” Coastal Station answered. No reply. An- swered again, repeating ship’s call letters about ten times. No answer. Coastal station then called another ship, and asked him to QSQ. Second ship called, but could not raise the first op. Ten minutes later the first ship called again, with: “Rush msg. QRL.” Both ship and shore stations tried to QS0 but could not be heard by the first ship station. Coastal station then commented to the assisting ship, “His hay wire set has an open circuit and he can’t find it.” About fifteen minutes later, the assisting ship called the Coastal Station. “Did U get WXYZ?” answered again and Coastal Station “No”. Ship Station: “I can just make out his lights.” Coastal Station: “Any chance you can blink him?”

Page 55

riring trong y. 2 sig- along these iving tion.” < out ham” lobby ‘loth- iteur scrap gaz- mur-

ching §f tht I § 'R fl. 1am” ealm who ture, the nder ned. and gain Rush An- tters ship, “aise illed 280 ship the : an ting get his body

can

Commander Byrd’s Equipment Is Insulated With Formica oe Both sending and receiving sets used by the Byrd Antarctic Expe- dition are built on a foundation of Formica Panels, Tubing and Rod. For fifteen years Formica has been regarded by American radio men as a dependable, high-quality, uniform insulating material for all radio purposes. Ask for it when buying insulation. a a THE FORMICA INSULATION COMPANY 4620 SPRING GROVE AVENUE CINCINNATI, OHIO Any jobber or dealer Formica has a Com- can get Formica pan- plete Insulating Service els for you. for Manufacturers.

Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

Page 56

Get into the COMMERCIAL RADIO FIELD where the MONEY | 1s ,

We've had hundreds tell us that they knew radio backwards and forwards. Yet y enrolled in our courses. And a few “ ifter they started to learn radio the RIGHT way these same men told us that th ver realized how much they had been m right along. Ma too have sufficient radio knowledge to , w radio circuits. That isn’t enough to commercial success. What you really irse that takes you from the first elements it through the most complex stages and git the practical knowledge you need for com- RADIO INSTITUTE PONSORED BY RCA, G-E \ND WESTINGHOUSE Institute of America is the world’s oldest |, giving the finest and most comprehen- ion obtainable. Our graduates are mak- ney—we'll send you copies of some of the write us about their successes. STUDY AT HOME Ar ture of this course is that you can study at en you please and as long as you please. N to give up your present employment. No traveling back and forth to classes. Our new Is how others —just like e won success in radio, too can make this pro- fe f fascinating brain-work your life career. You owe it to yourself to read this book through. 5 If you will clip and mail the coupon, we'll

send the book to you. | ,< RAI NSTITUTE OF AMERICA Dept. D-10 way, New York City send me your booklet. Tee Pee ee eee Tee eee ee Te eee er er tT) See eeeeEOOOCOCECOOOCOCO CO OCOeCTOC OT Te tee

Say You Saw It In QS T—It Identifies You and Helps QST

Ship Station: “No”. About an hour later, the first ship called the Coastal Station again. “TR msg.” Ship then called another boat, which an. swered, but operator couldn’t hear him. But four hours later, first ship called ap. other, and asked him to QRK. Second ship complied, and the first opera- tor then said, “Tu OK now.” He then called the Coastal Station, which

replied. Ship gave him position report and routing message. Coastal Station: “R Where is that rus msg?” Ship Station: “I don’t think it would dg any good to send it now. Sender says wouldn’t be any good now.” —H. A. Fanckboner ome Getting Started on 160 Meters (Continued from Page 47) sion; is excellent for local work (no skip distance) and the adjustment of equipment for transmission at these lower frequencies is materially simpler than at the higher fre- quencies. To offset these advantages, we find that the transmission over long dis- tances requires considerably more power than would be needed on some of the higher frequencies and that there is more diff- culty involved in obtaining enough space in } This which to erect the more efficient types of fru it’s antenna systems. Both these factors tend find « to reduce the maximum range of trans- — mission for a given amount of power. How- }.,,., . ever, the range of a station as far a8 fihedas making successful QSO’s are concerned is PDistant also dependent upon the amount of inter- ference which must be overcome and there is decidedly less of this in the 1750 -ke. band than in any others now commonly used. That should help considerably as most new operators find difficulty in work- ing through strong interfering signals. In order to aid those who are interested in getting together on the 1750-kce. band, the Communications Department is collect- ing schedules and making arrangements for the holding of a series of parties for the Jrlume newer men. Information concerning these #"stic will appear from time to time in that special Look section of QST devoted to the C.D. A Binirer bulletin listing code-practise schedules, [yu ca other beginners, 160-meter stations, etc. is JThens also available to anyone from the C.D. on

request. Send a postal for it. Herewith follows the description of a simple, effective and cheap receiver that will cover the 1750- ke. band and may also be used for the . 3500-ke. band. be The circuit diagram appears in Fig. 1. A u

detector and one stage of audio amplifica- ' tion is employed. The grid coil is wound on SIL a piece of cardboard mail tubing about 2%" in diameter, and consists of 38 turns of No. 26 d.c.c. wire close wound. A tap is taken out at the 15th turn from the filament end so that the 3500-kc. band may be covered.

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called ch an- im. ed an- opera- which skip ment ncies * fre- ;, we dis- ower igher diffi- ce in s of tend rans- Tow- r as dis nter- here -ke. only r as ork- sted and, lect- for the hese cial A iles, a on vith tive 150- the oi ica- | on Your television experiments and short wave reception—do you depend on a receiver which is itself of “experimental” construction and requires excessive attention to insure reliability and time to change wave lengths? If you own an S-M “Round-the-World” Receiver, in its neat alumi- num shielding cabinet, with its screen grid r.f. stage and quick-action plug-in coils, you can rest assured your reception—whether code, voice, or CHANGE BANDS AS QUICKLY AS CHANGING A TUBE SM 131 Plug-In used in the 730) on moulded lite, fit any 5- ong tube socket. Four is cover the band 17.4 to 204 meters m bands at centers 00014 mfd. tuning wale.) Price $1.25 each wound, or 50c blank. pictures—interstate or top-notch all the time. Complete Kit Everything necessary to build the complete four tube r.f. regenerative (non-radiating) short-wave set, including alum- inum cabinet and two S-M Clough audio transformers. 730 Complete Kit... ..$51.00 720 Screen Grid Six The Year’s Biggest Value This is the set that S-M gets squarely behind and tells you it’s the biggest value in broadcast-band receivers to be found today. A man-sized recommendation! Successor to the famous Shielded Grid Six that took the country by storm, the 720 is the kind of a set you can build inan evening, on its pierced metal chassis. When it’s fin- ished and you put it on the air—then the real surprise begins. Distant stations will come in, one after another, with local plu nd positive 10 kc. selectivity. As to tone, the 720’s 256 audios, as volume, = uperiority is insured by the new 255 and described at the right. Look at the 720’s features as you see them in the picture, and remember that S-M backs it to the limit—assures you that you can’t get more actual radio elsewhere at twice the cost. Then note the prices: Custom-built complete in a beautiful twotone brown metal shielding cabinet, $102.00. Complete kit only $72.50, with the same cabinet $9.25 additional. Better order now—such values spell scarcity! Are you receiving the month it gives you all the earliest S-M news, operating hints new constructional Data Sheets. If you bui us about the Service Station franchises. SILVER-MARSHALL, Inc., CHICAGO, %” No ken end ed. international—will Complete cabinet, stages. Used with an adapter cast use. 731 Adapter Kit..... “The Radiobuilder” regularly? To S-M Authorized Service Stations, it a of, ar men ith all professionally, write 858 W. JACKSON BL VD. U.S be Essential Kit Contains the two tuning and tickler condensers, four wound plug-in coils, coil socket, and three r.f. chokes, with full instructions for building a 1, 2, 3, or 4 tube set. 732 Essential Kit... Adapter Kit with aluminum less the two audio @, it converts any broad- receiver for short-wave Ideal for Television. - $36.00 . -$16.50 Audio Transformers Just Two Years in Advance Radically new in principle, these transformers are the first to give freedom from the hysteretic distortion found in all other types. They combine decided advances in both tone and volume, as will be seen below. E is the two-stage curve for the large size transformers (S-M 225, Ist stage, and 226, 2d stage, $9.00 each); D is that of the smaller ones (S-M 255 and 256, $6.00 each). Note the marked advantage over A, B, and C—all standard eight and ten dollar transformers under equal conditions. And you can have this finer performance in any set at less than average transformer costs! s 8 ¢@ae088 (at Om a fer J ED enw — ~~ mee oo = fe atecy Cree The S-M catalog describes all these products, as well as A . nn see. = and B Power Supplies, Power Amplifiers, Modulation ransformers, etc. Every mews eee on and kinks. Silver-Marshall, Inc. 858 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, U. S. A. -++-Send your complete catalog, with sample copy of the Radiobuilder. -For enclosed 10c, send five sample S-M Data Sheets. Say You Saw It In Q § T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

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Special Offer on Radio Broadcast containing first 8 articles by Robert S. Kruse ee RoBERT S$. KRUSE, for- merly Technical Editor of OST and now a regular con- tributor to Radio Broadcast is written a series of exclu- sive articles on the trans- mission and reception of x « telegraph and radiophone signals on short wave. The first article appeared in the \ugust 1928 issue. Ve are making a special ffer on the next eight issues f Radio Broadcast for only This offer gives you Radio Broadcast at 25c¢ per py instead of 35c. 52.00. » x» Enclose coupon below with 52.00 and receive the next ight issues of Radio Broad- ist containing articles by Mr. Kruse. ee Radio Broadcast Garden City, N. Y. ‘eee ee eS oe ee "rT FF SF SF SF eS eS eS eS ee eee ee ee RADI ROADCAST GARDEN CITY, N. Y. Enck ; $2.00 for the next 8 issues of Radio icast containing articles by Mr. Kruse Name — sineesceaiainliiiaden Addre ee Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST A quarter inch below the secondary wind- ing is the tickler coil consisting of 7 turns and the same distance above the secondary is the antenna coupling coil of 10 turns, The same size of wire is used for all wind- ings. It is not necessary that the form on which the coil is wound be of the precise size mentioned. If a form you have is not this size, use it anyway, remembering that if its diameter is larger, fewer turns will be needed while if it is smaller, it will be necessary to increase the number. Wind the antenna coil first as its number of turns has nothing to do with the tuning range. Next wind the number of secondary turns that seems about right and below it put the tickler winding. If there are sufficient tickler turns, the circuit will oscillate when the feedback condenser is rotated toward maximum capacity. To check for oscilla- tion, touch the coil end of the grid con- denser with the finger. If a click is heard as the condenser is touched and also when the finger is removed, the circuit is oscilla- ting. The circuit will usually oscillate more readily when the secondary condenser is near minimum. If the circuit does not oscillate, add more tickler turns after check- ing over the connections to see that they are properly made. If too many tickler turns are used, an audio howl will be heard when the feedback condenser is advanced towards maximum. Adjust the number of tickler turns so that about half the capacity is in the circuit when oscillation commences. After the circuit is in oscillation, you can listen in for signals. To check the fre- quency (wavelength) range listen for some of the high frequency (low wave) broad- cast stations. You should hear a few of them with the tuning condenser near maxi- mum capacity. If you can pick them up as low as 40 or 50 degrees, it indicates that the wavelength range is too high and some secondary turns must be removed. If you can’t hear any broadcast signals, the range is too low and more turns should be added. A tap taken out about 2/5 of the way from the filament end of the winding will allow the 3500-ke. band to be covered. A clip allows the tuning condenser to be connected across the entire coil or across the smaller section of it. Either ’99 or ’01-A type tubes may be used. If the dry battery type are employed, a 20- ohm rheostat will be needed whereas a 6-ohm one will be suitable for the quarter ampere tubes. 2#@o————_—_ Calls Heard (Continued from Page 50) oa-4yn oa-5by oa-5em oa-5dx oa-5hg oa-5rj oa-6ag oa-6mu oa-6sa oa-7ch oa-7cw oa-7dx oa-7lj kéakg nq-bay nq-5ex nq-5fl nq-5ry nr-2ags ns-lfmn oa-2ac oa2Zaw oa-2be oa-2he oa-2hm oa-2ij oa-2kb oa-2no oa-2rb oa-2re oa-2rz oa-2tm oa-2xr oa-2yi oa-3bd oa-8bm oa-3bq oa-3cp oa-Sde oa-3gt oa-3jk oa-3lg oa-3ls oa-3pm oa-3vp oa-3xf oa-3xk oa-4]j oa-4nw k6avl k6boe k6bqh k6cfq k6dki k6dpg k6dsd ké6dv k6dvg k6dwz k6kq oo-laj oz-2ba oz-3aj oz-3ar oz-4am oz-4av sa-ca2 sb-lah sb-laj sb-lbm_ sb-lid sb-2bg se-2ab sc-3ac se-2ah se-2ea su-lcd su-2ak su-2bt. IT Stror mark TI entir com! circu ploy: with ing. inclu are | on r Be dial in V well hanc ing thro of tl T the the low, witl pan win for ey 7 MAK

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10t ns Quality..... HAT fidelity of tone which musical critics have always applauded in Stromberg-Carlson Receivers is more marked than ever in this new instrument. The No. 636 Stromberg-Carlson is entirely self-contained all operating power coming direct from the house lighting circuit without batteries or liquids. Em- ploys balanced circuit (Hazeltine patents), with scientific total shield- ing. All operating parts including power equipment are combined in one unit on rigid steel base. There is but one tuning dial (illuminated) marked in wave length meters as well as divisional scale. A handy jack facilitates play- ing records electrically through the audio system ( f the Receiver. The Cabinet is among the finest ever produced in the radio industry. It is low, perfect in proportion with beautifully grained | construction and will win a place in any room tor decorative value alone. pane STROMBERG - CARLSON TELEPHONE Merc. Co. ROCHESTER, N. Y. New Sterehts of Stromberg- Carlson Stromberg-Carlson MAKERS OF VOICE TRANSMISSION AND VOICE RECEPTION APPARATUS FOR MORE THAN 30 YEARS No. 636 Stromberg-Carlson Art Console Uses 5 UY-227 A.C., one UX-171-A Output, and one UX-280 R.C.A. Tubes. Price, less Tubes and Cone Speaker, East of Rockies . . $245.00 Other Stromberg-Carlson Models available for A. C. or D.C. current areas, as well as m de ls operated by batteries, Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps QS T 61

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THR the RADIO-TRICIAN PROGRAM OVER the RED NETWORK AUSPICES OF THE NATIONAL RADIO INSTITUTE S. L. “ROXY” ROTHAFEL The Future of Radio Broadcasting > Tuesday, Oct. 2, 8:00 to 8:30 UNDER ‘\ ‘e

DR. J. H. DELLINGER - What the U. S. Government % is Doing to Advance Radio

- A d = oe = ad > a = x DR. C. FRANCIS JENKINS : . e Modern Development in 5 Television and Radio-Vision Tuesday Oct. 23, 8:00 to 8:30 Over These Stations The Radio-Trician program adver- WEAI Al tised above is sponsored by the Na- WTI tional Radio Institute, pioneer and WIA largest home-study Radio school in Wr A Oo the world. They have a valuable WCsH \ book “Rich Rewards in Radio WRI Ar describing the many jobs in Radio Woy and how you can become a Radio WOR AM expert through spare time study at WA ‘ home You are welcome to a copy ww Just clip and mail the coupon.

Get this book NOW~- it explains what Radio offers YOU

. - 8 Ns Institute Dept. 22R2 s 8S Wa Cc ' ; Ger 1 me your book. I understand this re- ' Hlicate me in the least. ! Y ' 1 N ccccecccesM@Bcccccccecccse ' ' ' ' REEES cuccccncenstiscuenceedsscadeuednescetbannseeaei ' | ' sc agsecoeeune BRO8O. cccccccces ' ‘ane ee RO RR RR Re ew ew ewe eee eee eee eee st 62 Say You Saw It In QST

S. S. Dromore Castle, New York City to Cape Town, South Africa, Operator Clyde Townsend, care the Union-Castle Mail Steamship Co. 26 Broadway New York City

(1000 miles S. E. New York) wlabd wlabx wladb wlags wlajd wlakd wlang wlapk wlawm wlaxx wlbca wlbkn wibvr wlamy wictp wlex wiga wlim w mk wimx wing wig wlitd wlum wlvr wlvs w2iil w2aeu w2afo w2agp w2aib w2a0j w2aon w2asb w2asz w2baz w2bcy w2bdq w2bek w2bfh w2beg w2bhf w2bhr w2big wibke w2ble 2bne w2cau w2cin wicom we2cxl w2eyx w2eo w2fe w2ik w2il w2jd witke w2kp w2mg w2qs w2ty w3aaj w3aii w3ajh w3anh w3ann w3aob ward w3arx w3auv w3bel w3bfu w3bet w3bq w3cs wij w3mk w3mq w3qm w3sh w3ua w3ac wdaar wdahe w4ahl w4icj w4ea w4jk w4pd w4ud w4vl w4wo wiain w5an w5apo w5aqe w5aqt w5av w5jc w5kh w5re wh5uk w5wo w6ec witu wivq wSagq wSagy wS8ahm wS8aht w8alr w8axq wSbbg w8bbj w8bbs wS8bhi w8bjo w8bky w8blp w8bn wS8bnr w8brf wS8brh wS8bth w8buf wé8ciy wkelq wScnr waens ws nt wS°nz wScss wScto wScyg wSdbf wSdnf wS8dp wSdqz w8dsn w8dsy wS8dvl wS8dwe w8dwq wSdws wS8dxr w&skm wsmq w9acs_ w9ain w9arm w9avl w9dbj w9bek w9bki w9bsh w9bxk w%elp w9nea wS9dvr w9nxz w9dzi w9dzz w9eaj w9ert wSeho w9elh w9aru w9aru w9ena w9fgp w9fhy w9fpp wIfqm w9fs w9¢v w%9sj w9zk en-7om ek-4yt.

(1000-2000 miles S. E. New York wlaak wilaal wlabm wlack wiafi wlaje wilaks wlams wlap wlaqe wlauk wilbbl wlbca wicaz wlefi wichg wldu wimx wirf wlvp w2aac w2alo w2apl watz w2bb w2bf w2bez w2bhr w2bld w2bql w2bs w2bsj w2cin w2cuf w2cxl w2dr w2he w2ja w2jr w2je w2po w2sf w2sm w2xy w3aat wSawb w3bmi w3bph w3clp w3co w3ec w3sh w3us w3zm w3abl wdabl wiaci wibn wi4ib w4ll wioc S5uk wéccw wS8adb wS8aff wSagk wSagy wSbax wSbpd wSby w8cau w8cux w&Sdht w8dkr w8dkx wS8dps wSdwe wSdwy wSli w8tn w8uj w9auh w9ayx w9bek wicaf wIclp w9cmz w9dwj w9eag w9eey w9env wIeth wIfes w9flb ea-cm ea-es ea-kl eb-4bh eb-4dv eb-4el ed-7og ed-Tiy ed-Tom ed-7roe ee-ear28 ef-Sarx ef-8gdb ef-Sjfv ef-Sbrr eg-2av eg-2bi eg-2xy eg-5bw eg-iwp ei-leq ei-lmg ek-4aeq ek-hau ek-4cb ek-4yt en-ofp en-oga en-opej en-pb3 ep-lag ep-lbr ep-lca ep-lcp eu-93ra ew-h8 gi-6ky gw-l4b velbr veS3ay. (2000-3000 miles S. E. New York) wlafb wlale wlboh wicbh wicdp wicio wifp wlim wilmk wimx wiqb wirp wivh wizs w2acb w2anh w2ans w2arq w2ase w2atz w2aun w2bda w2bm! w2em w2cuf w2cuq w2cxl w2fk w2fn w2ih w2jd w2rs w2qs

wS3ael w3agc w3anv w3auw w3avd w3bfu w3bv! wigt rep w3kj w38mx w3rs w3sn w3sz w3td w4aau wdaba wdaci . | wiadg wiea wiafx wiahk wd4ahy wiahz w4dz w4fx ria wiie winf wi4ti wiva w4vl wiaag wh5ary w5as wiayl son w5ef w5pt wiqi w6ads w6ax w6dbh wSagq wSaht w8apm wSawy wS8bbg wSbum wS8bxd w&by wé8bze bee wS8cau w8ent w8ert w8cuh w8cxd w8dds w8dne w8dhm . w8drs wS8dsa wSduw wS8dzz wS8eq wS8fdk wSli w8sx iste w9ahy w9bhz w9bjz w9bmk w9btb w9cms w%cmz be | w9cya w39elh w9enk wS9evn w9fj w9fs w9ux eb-dxs ) ed-7gw ed-7om ed-7ly ee-ear35 ee-ear42 ef-8le ef-Spse 7 ef-8vu ef-Swsm eg-2bi eg-2cx eg-2mf eg-2sce ek-4ed en-ofp en-xx ep-lag ep-lca ep-Ich ep-lyt es-2hd is p es-nag et-tvac eu-94ra ew-hb fq-oyea velbr vedsb 8,01 vid nq-5fe nq-5fi nz-fr5 sb-lah sb-lar sb-law sb-2al sb-5af sb-7ab veSay.

(3000-4000 miles S. E. New York) tor wlacd wiack wlaje wlaoi wibux wladp wileb nat wlkh wlom wirp wivh w2aba w2Zaih w2anh w2apd w2ate w2axp w2bda w2be w2bhv w2arm_ w?2bip aud w2bjj w2blx w2bne w2box w2bxc w2com w2cuf w2eap w2eh w2fa w2fc w2fn w2fw w2gv whe V w2is w2nf w2qs w2tr w3acv w3akw wSami_ w3anh “ w3anv wSaua w3ck w3ckl w3jm w3mk w3rb ws cial w3vg wiaau wiabw wiabz wiacn wdacv wé4ahk fo wiany wiand wiarh wich w4co wiea wife w4jm ri w4hf w4oc w4pd w4ab wish wito wive wi4we wiafx ufa w5ain whawq whayg w5jd wipt wiql wS8abw wSagd wS8aig wS8alr w8hbgw wS8bjb w8bp! w8bar w8btb wSbum w8bvy w8cfh wicnt wSdds w8dfb w8dhe w8dnm wS8dpo wS8dra wS8drs w8dww wS8eq w8du¥ w9aat w9bhi w9bi w9bsa w9dcb w9dzz w9alh w9fax w9ll w9ms w9mz w9xl w9zk ea-cm ec-2yd ed-oda eded-7ly ef-8gdb ef-8mop ef-8wb ek-4ar ek-4aeq ek-4dba ek-4qb ek-4yt wp-lca ep-lcf ep-len ep-lms es-2nag ve2bb nk-u7ax nm-xc5l nm-xc6g nq-2ro nq-5fe sa-deé

(| @ 3 ~It Identifies You and Helps QST

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ap! adb cux eS ‘om dav aeq pb3 bky been extended still further into the lower reg- ister, so that even the deepest tones now may 210 or 250 power tubes into either . x : see, high impedance or dynamic speakers. be reproduced with amazing fidelity. Palen fem 9080 to 08380 The amplification curve of this transformer is practically a straight line from 30 cycles to Power Supply Transformers These transformers supply full wave rectifiers using two UX-281 tubes, for power amplifiers using either 210 or 250 types power ampli- fying tubes as follows: T-2098 for two 210 power tubes, $20.00; T-2900 for single 250 power tube, $20.00; T-2950 for two 250 tubes, $29.50. Double Choke Units Consist of two 30 henry chokes in one case. T-2099 for use with power sup- ply transformer T-2098, $14; T-3099 for use with transformer T-2900, $16; T-3100 for use with transformer HORDARSO aa Power Compacts A very efficient and compact form of io TRANSFO power supply unit. Power transform- er and filter chokes all in one case. Type R-171 for Raytheon rectifier and UPREME in musical performance, the 171 type power tube, $15.00; Type , : R-210 for UX-281 rectifier and 210 new Thordarson R-300 Audio Trans- power tube, $20.00; Type R-280 for former brings a greater realism to radio UX-280 rectifier and 171 power tube, reproduction. Introducing a new core mate- — rial, “DX-Metal” (a product of the Thordar- Speaker Coupling Trans- son Laboratory), the amplification range has formers A complete line of transformers to couple either single or push-pull 171, Screen Grid Audio Coupler The Thordarson Z-Coupler T-2909 is 8,000 cycles. A high frequency cut-off is pro- a special impedance unit designed to vided at 8,000 cycles to confine the amplifica- couple a scosen grid tube tn the andio ° ° ee amplifier into a power tube. Produces tion to useful frequencies only, and to elimi- excellent base note reproduction and nate undesirable scratch that may reach the amplification vastly in excess of ordi- ° nary systems. Price, $12.00. audio transformer. When you hear the R-300 you will appre- THORDARSON ELECTRIC MFG. CO. ciate the popularity of Thordarson trans- 500 W. Huron St., Chicago, Il. moe formers among the leading receiving set man- Gentlemen: Please send me your constructional ufacturers. The R-300 retails for $8.00. Soaiints em peur ponte angele, or THORDARSON ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING CO, | 8 OLDESTAND LARGEST £3 EXCLUSIVE 13 TRANSFORMER MAKERS Street and No. and Kingsbury Streets — Chicago,lil. USA. Town interested in amplifiers using........................ 2 EEE S eeenemnaie Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T ee 63

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How’s Your Library? \l be constantly referring to ries of articles by Ross Hull vork of the A.R.R.L. Tech- velopment Program. There textbook for 1929 construc- 1 operation. These issues, th the others, should be in a OST Binder e the wire fasteners ecessary to mutilate Upens and lies nany position One-fifty each postpaid nder will keep your QSTs always ind protect them for future use. 0d-looking binder, too. OST Park St., Hartford, Conn. sa-dgh sa-en8 sb-laa sb-lah whb-laj whb-lar sb-law sb-lbg sb-lbo sb-lbs sb-lcg sb-lcj sb-lid sb-2ad sb-2af sb-2aj sb-5af sb-9aa sc-lai sc-2ab sm-uk so-laa su-luo. (4000-5000 miles S. E. New York? wlbbl wilbgq wicnz wleh wimx wlom_ w2aih w2arz w2cbg w2cuf w2cxl w2gv w2lx w2ts wé3aef w8anh wS8aqz w3aua w3cgf wSec wiabz wiacn wdacy w4acz wiahy wiahz wiaq w4ibh wich wdco wie w4dv wd4ea wigh wing w4oc wipf wiqb wiar witk w4ve w5ad w5afx w5lf wipt w5to w5uf w5yb wS8adb w8bec w8bp] w8cxi w8dpo w8duw w8qh w%cbd w9fby ea-jh eb-4pf ec-2ai ed-7lk ed-oxx ee-ear86 ef-Spse eg-2vq ei-lbw ei-leq ei-lgc ei-Ixs ek-d4dba_ ek-4ig ek-4qa en-ofp ep-lae eu-l5ra fq-ocya fq-pm_ velbr nj-2pa nm-xc5l nm-xc69 nz-fr5 sa-de3 sa-dig sb-laq sb-lea sb-lid sb-lin sb-2ab sb-2af sb-2aj sb-2ay wn-2bg sb-2ca sb-3qa sb-5af sb-6qa su-2ak. (5000-6000 miles S. E. New York) wlads wlajc wlmk wilmx wlom wirp w2alo w2apy w2ava w2bge w2box w2bsd w2cx! w2ja w2jd w2aqd w2ve w2xm w3aaj w3afp w3aua w3aws w3cef wee w3sn w4aah wéaau wiabl wiacf wiacv wiadf wiaeb w4aeq wift wit w4jr w4ll winu wdpf wdiob wito w5apx w5fe w5ql w8dhi w8dds w8dhx wS8din w8dme w8dnf w9rd w9dww w9bht w9bir w9dlm w9eln wIflb w9mj w9ux ea-jh ea-eam aen-laa eb-4au_ ee-ear3) ef-8pse eg-5dh eg-6by ek-d4aub ep-4bh ew-hb fo-a7q fo-a9a fq-ocya sa-de3 sa-de&8 sb-2ae sb-2b¢ sb-Ibo sb-leg sb-lel sb-lid. (6000 miles North Capetown, 7133) wlaje wlaks wibke wicaa wicdp wlkb wiki wimk wlmx w2aeu w2ass w2bj¢ w2cxl w3ve wdaba wiabt w4dp wipf wius w6bqh wécww wé6dbd wé6dpg w6sw wS8bpl w8cxp wSha w%9fhy w9us eb-4co ee-ear! eg-5uw en-ofp fo-ade fo-a6r fq-ocya sa-de3 sa-feb sb-2ai sb-lej se-2ac sc-3ac su-2ak su-lIcv. * Alan G. Brown, 8 Mangarra Road, Canterbury E. 7, Victoria, Australia (20- and 40-meter band) wlaao wlags wlasf wlbki wlbux wicki wide wliga wlmx wlvw w2aeb w2ag w2axn w2ctq w2cxl w2np w2tp w2uo w2wi w3afj w3cm w3hh w3ku w3lw w8tu w3ve wdiabl wdaef wicj widt wikm wipd w4to w5aav w5aca w5ain w5anh w5aoct wiatm whbag wibdg w5bf w5bj wick wimb winw w5rg woh5uk w5zzk w6aae w6abg wé6akd wé6akn wé6alg wé6amm w6oav wé6aup wé6as!l w6awl wé6avu wé6avz wé6azs w6ben wé6bgb wé6bgh wé6bmo woboc wébpo wébvm w6bvt w6bvv w6bvx w6bxd wé6byz wé6bzce wé6bzm w6ecl w6cfh wé6cer wé6cis wéclo wé6crx w6csb wé6esj w6cuh w6cvb w6czk w6daz w6dbm wé6dch_ wédev w6dec w6dev w6dkx w6djx wédmg wédnm wé6dow w6dpy w6dq wé6dqj wé6dtd wé6dtp w6dud wédvx w6dwi w6dye w6dzd w6dzj w6dzl w6ea w6eah wéeba w6ebr w6ecg w6eb w6ec weed wign w6hj wé6jn w6ju w6ly w6mw w6uc w6wn wé6zzd wiac wiaeu wiagh wiajn wifh wiiz wilt wism witu wits wivi wivy wS8acm wS8avp wS8bev wSbhz wS8bqr wé8che w8dbi wS8dkx w8dnr w8dpo w%ajr w9aju w%ama w9apw w9arm w9asc w9bfy w9bre w9bsbh wbay w9cjh w9cht w9cph wScrd wIcrj wIcur w9cxx wIdea w9dkm w9dga w9dr w%9eap w%ecz wenp werh w9erm wetd w9ez w9fhy w9fhv w9fpx wIhq w8ju w9kb w9ln w9pv w9uu k7abe k7abé k7als k7sec kito ve8fce vedcu veifv ve4gt ve5ad veibn ve5co veigo nn-Inis nq-5by nz-fr5 ac-1bs ac-1bx ac-lcl ac-1fb ac-ilf ac-Ipp ac-2ab ac-2al ac-2ar ac-2aw ac-2ax ac-2ck ac-2ff ac-3ma ac-6ab ac-Sag ac-8cl ac-8fl ac-8rj ec-8to ac-aa ac-afil ae-1lbk ae-lhh ae-4hh ai-2be¢ ai-2kw ai-2kt aj-law aj-lsm aj-lsk aj-2by aj-2dk aj-3bq aj-3ww aj-4ak aj-4bk aj-4dx aj-4zz aj-7cb aj-7mf aj-jkv aj-jpbe aj-jxix aj-xex ak-laa am-3ab aq-llm as-ra03 as-ral9 as-35ra ea-jh eb-4ar eb-4au eb-4az eb-4di eb-4dj eb-4ft eb-4ti eb-4rk eb-4rs ec-lab ed-7dy ee-ear28 ec-ear65 ee-earl3 ef-8be ef-8btr ef-8fc ef-8fd ef-8fr ef-8ga _ ef-Sgre ef-8gyd ef-Ship ef-Shpg ef-S8hx ef-8ix ef-8jd ef-8ku ef-8lx ef-Sorm ef-8pns ef-8vu ef-8wu ef-8zzg eg-2ca eg-2cx eg-2hh eg-2kf eg-3lz eg-2nh ef-20d eg-bbr eg-5by eg-5hr eg-5hs eg-5ma eg-5ml eg-5mq eg-5av eg-5bsw eg-5uw eg-5vl eg-Grw eg-6vj eg-6vp eg-6wy gw-18b ei-las ei-lbs ei-lfp eei-lgw ei-lpo ek-daci ek-4aki ek-4dbs ek-4ka ek-4uai ek-4uah ek-4vr em-smte em-smua em-smuk em-smum en-Orz ep-lae ep-1bt ep-3am xep-lma es-lco es-2nag es-2nm ew-lIca kf3ms fm-8as fm-8mb fa- -pm fq-ocya fo-a6g fo-a9a_ sb-lbo sb-leh sb-2ay sc-2as su-loa su-2bt od-ljr od-lws k6akg k6bxt k6cfq k6ch k6dqq k6xk oo-bam op-lad op-lax op-lem op-lcw op-ldr op-lhr op-llg op-lp¥ op-9pb xnu-md. (Continued on Page 89) Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QST Sc —the amat mont Octo! prizes to U. as wi those Station ——_ NAA, Washi WIMI Hartfo It j mally terfer is no Ple Qs1

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apy 2ad 3ec aeb ito ime fib r3] azq lbo aba dpg ar! feos 1711 Park St., Hartford, Conn. Scandinavian-American Short- Wave-Tests ADIOLYTTEREN, of Copenhagen, tells us that R 35% of the prizes in the Scandanavian-American Short Wave Tests will go to American amateurs —the rest to go to Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish amateurs. Better read that article on page I of last month’s CD again, OM. The tests will take place from October 23 to October 30. Radiolytteren is soilciting prizes from some U. S. A. manufacturers to be awarded to U. S. amateurs who take part so there will be prizes as well as plenty of fun. Here is another contest for those who have asked for one more during 1928. *@e Navy Day Competition AVY DAY is Saturday, October 27. 1928! Please mark the date on your calendar. Pin a note in the log or above the operating table—on the station bulletin board if you have one. A Navy Day program of telegraphic broadcasts to amateurs has been arranged just as last year under the auspices of the Navy League of the United States. To prevent the possibility of overlapping transmissions from different stations, and to insure that everybody has a chance to get the messages, but two transmitting sations have been selected this year. Each of these stations will send the Navy Day broadcasts simul- taneously on more than one frequency. The Navy Day Honor Roll will appear in December QST. Everyone has an equal chance to “make” the Honor Roll. The more of the two messages you can copy and forward to A.R.R.L. Headquarters, the higher your name will be in the list. Just part of one message will put you on the Honor Roll as a participat- ing station, however. There is a good chance that you may be one of the few operators to receive special commendation from the Secretary of the Navy for having submitted the most complete copies of the two messages to the A.R.R.L. If a large number of per- fect copies are submitted, legibility and neatness will determine the relative standing of the high operators. Weighted credit will be arranged to favor participants in the west and mid-west, due to the hour of sending these broadcasts. A good sensitive receiver and an accurate frequency meter will enable you to get all set for the contest in advance. Some individuals will probably get along without the frequency meter. However, it will pay to spend a little time in preparation—in logging both the transmitting stations in advance of the contest to determine which of the several frequencies used will give you the most copiable signals at the time of day at which the broadcasts will be sent. Here is the schedule that will be followed: Starting Approx Time Station Freq. (kc) W. L.(m) EST&GCT Message from NAA, Navy Dept 4015 74.7 7.30pm 0030 The Secretary Washington, D.C., 8030 37.35 of the Navy 12045 WIMK, A.R.R.L. 3575 8.00pm 0100 It Comdr Hartford, Conn 7150 41.9 Hiram Percy Maxim, U.S.N.R President, A.R.R.L. It is requested that care be taken by stations nor- mally using these frequencies to avoid unnecessary in- terference with these transmissions. Of course there is no exeuse for out-of-band operation at any time. Please pass the good word about the schedules around QS T FOR OCTOBER 1928 F. E. Handy, Communications Manager It is hoped that as many to other operators, too. A.R.R.L. members as possible will take part and notify other operators. Over one hundred made the Honor Roll last year (see Dec. 1927 QST). Many of us belong to the U.S.N.R., but this is an activity giving us all the opportunity to show an in- terest and pride in our Navy, whether we happen to belong or not. We can demonstrate our skill in copy- ing and perhaps learn some new facts about the Navy and the Naval Reserve at the same time we have a good time twirling the dials. To some this contest may look “easy’’ but let us say that to get 100% per- fect copy requires an effort and some proficiency. Copy what you can, OM, and be sure to mail it next morning to A.R.R.L. Headquarters, Attention of the Communications Department. Here’s luck to your efforts and vy 73. *@e . About 28-mc. Work F signals heard and actual two-way communication over varying distances counts for anything, then we have some results to chronicle in this report. here is such a fine bunch of logs giving information on what happened in the August 28mc. (ten meter) tests and on foreign progress we know scarcely where to begin. A large amount of experimenting with the new frequency is already reported from Australia, from the Philippines, and from Hawaii. Following the DX reception records that now have been made, we feel sure more two-way 28 mc. (ten meter) communica- tion is coming, and this band will occupy a sphere of its own just as do each of our other bands. As soon as other governments open this band to their ama- teurs (as they are empowered to do in 1929 by in- ternational agreement) more experimenters will join us. From the T. & R. Bulletin of the R.S.G.B. we feel sure there will be plenty doing on 28 mc. among the “‘eg’s”’ in the near future, many of the new regula- tions going into effect in Great Britain on October 14. oa3CP of Malvern, Victoria, Australia, sends a radiogram (rec’d via W5QL, WIRY and W1MK) an- nouncing the following times (Greenwich) for Wire- less Institute of Australia 28 mc. CQ parties each Sunday: Tasmania (0a7), 0200-0215; St. Houat (0a5), 0215-0230: Victoria (oa3), 0230-0245; Queensland (oad), 0245-0300. Here’s a chance to all who can listen on 28 me. to take part with the possibility of uncovering some new dope. Through W2CYQ, oa3CP sends word that Victoria stations oa3KS, oa8BQ and oa8CP are on the job on 28 mc. each Sunday between 0100 and 0200 GCT. oa2HC likewise gives us a message through WIRF reporting that the main 28 mc. stations in Australia are oa6SA, oa7DX, 0a3BQ, oa4NW and oa2HC. “HC” himself is building a “beam” reflector for this work. Just as we are preparing to write this report, word of the latest 28-mc. success comes in a special delivery from W9EF. Mr. Austin, oa6SA of Perth, Australia, on September second established two-way ten-meter communication with oa3BQ, Melbourne, Australia (1500 miles). Both stations used low power and were QSO for about two hours. oa7CW also reports that each week finds new 28 mc. converts and many con- tacts over distances up to 100 miles. W9EF has three daily schedules with the Aussies and volunteers to QSR any information or messages concerning 28 me. work. W5QL is also QSO daily and glad to handle any and all “oa” traffic. a ny GAM handled the 28 mc. report from the —— sines. op1DR took part in our August tests, trans- mitting yan date 0100-0200 and 1300-1400 GCT. Escudero is on the air as rrr possible = —— to these hours and wishes us all success. eports on his signals would be appreciated. W6DWI, W1AMG I

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ndled a message from oz3AR report- of a ten-meter test at his station. t are not available at this writing. Ww lammond, Ind.) has thus far worked W V9BGQ-W9FB, W4JK, W6BZF, W6AM, we } been reported by W9CFI, W1CGX, WIBYV A Bb, and W6ZZD in addition. On August 1 tacts were had by this station with W6A} B, W9EXW and W6DHS. The signal se contacts was excellent. Although es are rarely heard in Hammond be- r, W6DHS has been worked as early as weather and results were poor on (Salt Lake City, Utah) logged the ions. August 18: KESS (Bolinas, ( m. MST d.c., R4; W6BTX, 10 am. MS7 KIO (Kahuku, Hawaii), 10:10 am. VIXR, 3:35 pm. d.c., R7. August 19: W m. d.c., R7; W9APV, 8:50 am. a.c., R4 20 am. r.a.c., R8. W9EF, 9:47 am. r LJ, 1:30 pm. a.c., R4; K6CLJ, 3:15 W6DYE, 6:45 pm. r.a.c., R56; W8ALU, R6. August 23: W6DYE, 5:30 pm. mmenting on this most excellent log, Mr. } ys, “K6CLJ at Honolulu, Hawaii, is he Che signals were easy to copy, being RN very light. He was sending ‘test WI1XR-KZET (Houlton, Maine) can ny time of day, nearly always steady : W9EF came in very nicely calling CQ are most easy to copy. W9FNS W°CSB on 28 me. and had a good n | heard him. He next sent CQ. Ws M ilon, Ohio, was heard on a CQ. WwW nd was evidently heard by W9DBA as W6BTX, seven blocks away, was on August 18. The signals from Ww ommercials listed may have been I 120-meter antenna-c.p. system was : Background noise was worse It’s a pleasure to hear a station )» the same wave. QRWN is prac- ‘40° sounds like a ball park during ' World Series. Results were nil on ‘ I kept watch during these days but : The weather was cloudy; also the wind caused signal swinging. apparently fairly great on 28 mc. » of the locals, none were nearer ) harmonic. I am going to get he transmitter and stick with the \ Jose, Calif.) has heard five ten-meter Wi1CCZ. 28 mec. experimentation h r ndertaken by W6KG, and W6NX. wal mont, W. Va.) has covied W6UF, W5A V6ANN, WS8CSR and W9DEF, the latter tw rmonics of 14 me. signals. Two other rd but too weak to get the complete heard and worked early in the sea- nd WSCLQ (15 miles) have attempted tw but thus far without success. In the re WSBDP noticed that few or no stations coul rd, the weather being cloudy—and that the ch the sun shone brightly also brought me. signals for the log. G on the August tests were received from W2s V2IN, W2CMU and W2FJ. W2AER used a 7 ransmitter. He heard W2JN (35 miles) mo ntly. also reporting W2AQB and har- mor . XL and W2APL on higher frequencies tha (lil-m). W2CMU worked W2BVG und WV \ ‘tinge W2VA, W2JN and W2AQB as hear N was on vacation part of the tests, but had : Aug. 10, 11, 12 and Aug. 25, 26. wd? i W9CSX Aug. 10 from 0315 Greenwich 2:35 am. EDST). W9CSX was using nna energized at its fourth harmonic tube. The signals at W2JN were R6 “ ling, but the 14-hour contact was main- ta t a QTA until the voluntary sign-off. A nies of WIK and HJO were copied at WOXI at 2215 with an a.c. note and Aug. 12 W2SY, W2NM and W2A0L v distances of 5, 17 and 22 miles. week heard in communication with W2NM. HJ MK were also heard. W2AQB worked W2J? t 25 making tests with his parabolic 1 mplete reversal of the reflector changed 4 to R2. The distance was 12 miles. wea V2AYR and W2ATH worked W2JN on A V2IN uses exactly 30 mec. and the same t ly described in OST. W2FJ an- transmissions on 28,600-ke. will be 6 and 7 pm. EST. A mechanical keying device will be used. A completely shield MOPA circuit with oscillator on 3.33 mce., first —— plier on 10 mc. and the second on 30 me. is used. WS8CIG tested four different antenna during the tests, working each Sunday. W6AM was heard and almost worked out but for a transmitter break-down. W9CSX (Newcastle, Ind.) heard W2AOL in addition to working W2JN. Some unidentified fifth district stations were also reported as heard by him. W6AM reported communication with W9EF, W6DHS and W6ZZD. Wallace also heard W1XR_ consistently. W4JK and W3RG both reported 28 me. signals from W6AM last May 27 when the latter station was test- ing. The W6AM antenna is seventy feet high and 62 feet long fed in the middle by two 65 foot r.f. feed- lines. W5NW and W5AEK listened on Aug. 11th without much luck and transmitted tests on the fol- lowing day using the fifth harmonic of a vertical antenna. W6XI and KESS were heard several de- grees off 28 mc. On August 19 the second harmonic of W1SZ was successfully copied at WSNW. W6DZL (Burbank, Calif.) heard his first 28 me. signals on August 12 copying both W9EF and W6AM when these stations were in two-way communication. W5ATZ (Denton, Tex.) at 7:55 pm. CST on August 26 heard W2NM testing on the new band, R3 on de- tector only. W5ATZ’s 28 me. transmitter will be ready for action soon. WS9BGQ (Chicago, Ill.) has been on regularly Sunday afternoons since working W9EF. W2ACN worked W2AQB and W2JN in the tests, copying W2NM, W2TP and W2AYR in addi- tion. He anticipates using 28 me. for local work, especially phone, and has just completed a neat port- able layout. W2TP heard W7FE R3 at 3:20 pm. EST Sept. 2. Signals were R5 two hours later. W2AS was also heard. W2TP reports the frequency of W7FE 22, 560 ke. (13.3 m.) near WQA 21,200 ke. (14.13 m.) and KSS, 20,800 ke. (14.4 m.). W2TP says, “Wish you would tell some of the Western fellows to try and operate on 30 mc.—not 22.5 mc., we know that that works already. I think that they are picking off the third harmonic of 7500 ke. (40 m.) instead of the fourth harmonic. In my last report to QST, I heard r5JT and W6AM and gave their frequency as 26 me (11.5 m.). This should have been nearer 23 me. (13 m.) to be correct. If these stations con- tinue to send ‘test ten meters’ on 23 me. (13 m.) some of the new experimenters will adjust sets near this frequency and before we know it, will be giving false results as far as the real 28-30 me. band is con- cerned. I know that W6ANN, W6UF, W5AOT, ef8CT, W2EB, W2JN, W2NM, W2ACN, W2VA and W2AQB are all on the correct and legal frequency. On Sept. 2, I also heard W5BEB and a six at 3:30 pm. on 23 me. (13 m.) but could not get both calls. W9CET sends the Official Broadcasts on the 28 me. band. ———__—_@e WNP “Calls worked from WNP during August twenty meters: wlawe wlaze wlckb wicki wlka wiry wlsz wixm w2arb w2bac w2cdm w2cm w2cuq w2vi w3adm w3akw w3aqi w3hf w3hq w3hr w3ra wdact wics w6am w6cyx wSaho wS8alg wSank wS8cug wS8dcee w8dld wSdtn w9afa was w9bea w9baq wIcwa w9ebw wef w9efh w9ek wIgv ve3bm vedgy en-owin. Forty meters: wisz w3akm w3akw w5bj ne-Sae ne-8fd ve-lec wedk. Message total one hundred forty. “Msg. nr. 1100, Sept. 4, Schooner Bowdoin, WNP, Bras D’or Lakes, Nova Scotia. via 8AGY. “To A.R.R.L., Hartford, Conn. “We docked at Sydney, Nova Scotia, yesterday afternoon, after a rather stormy trip south from Lab- rador. It’s our first touch with civilization in nearly fifteen months. Oh, those lacquered white bath tubs filled with hot water at the new Hotel. Oh, those double porterhouse steaks at the Chinaman’s res- taurant down the street. Oh, those banana royals and what nots at Christy’s Sweet Shop. “Four days hence the Bowdoin will be anchored safely at Wiscasset, Maine, and station WNP will be closed. All members of the Rawson-MacMillan Field Museum Expedition wish to thank all members of the American Radio Relay League for their val- ued assistance in keeping the expedition in touch with home folks during the past fifteen months. “This being our last report to QST for the voy- age, I wish to add my word of appreciation to ama- teurs who have helped put over this year of good contact between our expedition and the U.S.A. Many thanks, fellows. Good luck and may we QSO again. Cliff Himoe, opr. WNP.” QS T FOR OCTOBER 1928 Isla: Aug exper Radi fair | W2A and going a we other equat very East anytl 14 m@ “x WSA' W9G: w4P W4A’ WIA: are j pleas! avails of th enjoy but | mont w2 kept and | ing folks by tl exped possil as he GM repor GMD dians. the r beri-t turn and s into 1 fit ex Octot 8W the p and ( there, The letter frequ Qs

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ity sz im m lid Ww ty fd ay bs se g- ils ill an TS al- ch - a Ay in. vog After spending three months among the Aleutian Islands and in the Bering Sea, xneVOQ, the Schooner Morrissey was reported to be in the Arctic Ocean about three hundred miles northwest of Point Bar- row on Aug. 19, en route Siberia. VOQ works on 9,700 ke. (31 m.) and 7500 ke, (40 m.) with a 500- cycle note. 14 mec. seems of little use. Large quan- tities of traffic have been handled by VOQ on schedules with K7TABE 11 pm PST daily 7500 ke., VE5GT 2:30 am PST Tues., Thurs., and Sat 9,700 ke, K7HL 9 pm and 11.80 pm PST daily 9,700 ke. Mention should be given W7TX for forwarding some long messages by wire. W6DFW who handled the VOQ traffic as relayed by K7ABE as well as W6CIS who had valuable contact with the East Coast through his W1MK schedule should receive special credit, also. Much general operation has been carried on. Eastern sig- nals were poor at VOQ during July but were fine in August and early Septemer. A reliable cast coast schedule would be appreciated as there is much traffic for the east. The best times for attempts at Eastern QSO is between 11 pm and 4 am EST. The above report was received from K7HL via W6CIS and W1MK. W7IM reports working VOQ Aug. 31 and forwarding some traffic by Western Union at VOQ’s request. The Morrissey was then at Kirkuk, Iraa. VE5GT who kept one of the main schedules, reports that Manley passed some traffic direct to W9DR on several occasions—also, that the further west VOQ was, the better the Eastern signals. WSBS S. S. Carnegie, WSBS, nr 120 Sept. 9, “All of August spent at sea and still going strong. We expect to arrive at Barbados some time next week. Radio conditions have been excellent in spite of a fair amount of static. Schedules are working out fine. W2AVB has become W2XAU on 9,100 ke. (33 m.) and has handled 50% of our traffic, the other half going through W1MK. WS8DME has been worked once a week and many fine contacts have been made with others. All down the middle Atlantic almost to the equator U. S. signals have been pounding in with very consistent signal strength. We are 750 miles East of Barbados now. I am still unable to hear anything on 28 me. though I hear quite a few on 14 m.c. “Calls worked during the month are W9CLP, W2AS, WSAGY, WI1ASD, W2AVB, W2XAU, WICEI, W1SZ, W9GX, W2AGS, W9BCA, WSBPL, W1IMK, WSDME, W4PF, W4EC, W6EC, W2HC, W2JD, W9AVZ, W4AHL, W2CXL, W3AVD, XBC, NKF. W4PF and WI1ASD handled a couple of messages for us, We are just resuming schedule with WICEI. It’s a real pleasure to have such fine contacts. Wish time were available to work dozens of others. The other work of the expedition is going along smoothly. We are enjoying these warm, clear, tropical days and nights but looking forward to the next port. More next month. 73 to the gang. L. A. Jones, Radio Opr., Yacht Carnegie. W2AVB-W2XAU, Route Mer. of Long Island, has kept his schedule with WSBS 100% perfect. Press and baseball scores have been handled often, includ- ing messages checking as high as 119 words. LJ’s folks have talked with him at the key of WSBS by the hour, also—something that can be done for expeditioners by amateur radio operators that is im- possible by any other means! W4ABR reported WSBS as heard when working his schedules on August 12. GMD, of the Dyott Expedition, is no more. WSCFR reports that it was found that Fawcett (for whom the GMD outfit was searching) had been killed by In- dians. The Dyott Expedition lost some of its food in the river, some of their members became sick with beri-beri, and the only choice remaining was to re- turn to civilization. The last QSO was between GMD and sbl1AB, after which the radio outfit was thrown into the river in order to lighten the loads. The out- fit expects to reach Para down the Xingu river about October 1, 8WCFR and W2TY deserve a great deal of credit for the perseverance with which they stayed with sbl1AB and GMD. There was romance in that work, wasn’t there, OM’s? The Canadian Government’s S. S. Beothic, with call letters VYG, is alert for amateur contacts on a frequency of 10,340 ke. (29 m.). QS T FOR OCTOBER 1928 BRASS POUNDERS’ LEAGUE Call Orig. Del. Rel. Total op1HR 139 100 598 837 op1CM 145 132 434 711 wécuUuH 4 7 616 627 W6éAJM 84 32 490 606 WIMK 129 150 275 554 W9PU 45 88 385 518 WsCHC 158 96 234 488 WéAMM 113 308 29 450 wsDHXx 97 26 324 447 W3ZF 28 35 326 389 W2BFY 7 94 184 357 Wé6ZBJ 20 18 306 344 op1DR-1AE 127 141 60 328 WSARX 30 14 257 301 W6CHA 38 7 174 284 wéeclIs 29 54 186 269 WSBCA 13 52 1860 245 W9AIN 13 196 28 237 wéccT 1 35 181 217 wéDOW 15 33 166 214 WwsNO 120 92 _ 212 W3LC 18 8 182 208 W4ACC 7 9 190 206 W7UN 19 20 166 205 K7HL 17 19 169 205 W9FWG 147 54 — 201 W9XN 136 65 a 201 K7ABE 66 58 64 188 W9ACR 35 150 2 187 W6IP 48 57 79 184 weus 10 54 98 162 Wwi1A00 30 111 13 162 WIBIG 50 63 42 155 W6BZF 49 86 14 149 WS9APY 58 65 6 129 K6CFQ 58 50 19 127 W6ALX 22 56 38 116 WscCLQ 26 S4 3 113 wed 39 67 2 168 W6BYZ 15 85 6 106 W2KR 10 54 21 85 W2APV 23 58 — 81 W6ABK 3 66 2 7 w9sUx 13 55 — 68 Omitted last month: W9AIN: 25, 25, 158, 208. Again op1HR leads the list, though he had to better last month’s record to do it! Special credit goes to W6AMM for the highest number of deliveries. The following stations were responsible for over one hundred deliveries in the message month: W6AMM, W9AIN, W9ACR, W1MK, op1DR- 1AE, op1CM, W1A00, op1HR. Deliveries count! All stations appearing in the B.P.L. are noted for their consistent schedule-keeping and reliable message-handling work in amateur radio. A total of 200 or more bona fide messages handled and counted in accordance with A.R.R.L. practice or just 50 or more delieveries will put you in line for a place in the B.P.L. Why not make more schedules with the re liable stations you hear and take steps to han- dle the traffic that will qualify you for B.P.L. membership also? TRAFFIC BRIEFS W2ALU and W2KR are the first to be honored with schedules with WFBE, the supply ship City of New York (formerly the Sampson). WFBT operates for these schedules on a frequency of 8850 kc, (33.85 meters) with a 500 cycle note. The City of New York is now bound for the South Pole via Samoa and New Zealand, When emergency arises and YOU become a factor in its solution, do not hesitate to wire headquarters, which will act as a clearing house for such situa- tions. This action will help A.R.R.L. to codperate officially with the government and the press in all such cases. Europe has been favored with visits from several of the gang on this side of the water. “Among those present” this summer we can mention W6XAC, W1lII, W5PM, W2API, and VE4HM. Il

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BEGINNERS have received by this time mimeo- al from headquarters which will en- put their receivers on the 1,715- to to 150-meter) band. Also, in this an article describing a _ suitable 1,750 ke. band and the 3,500 those who have not requested such who nevertheless may be interested practice from volunteer transmitters, the list of schedules in QST. If you efforts of any of the following sta- nice to drop a card of appreciation Here are the schedules: SUNDAY 1880 1:30 pm and 10:30 pm EST 710 5:30 to 6 pm EST 880 5 to 7 pm CST 1820 1-2 pm and 5-6 pm CST [ 1770 5:30-6 pm and 8-10 pm CST J 1710 4 to 6 pm CST ['N 1880 11 pm until midnite PST \F 7360 7-7:30 am and pm PST M 1920 2:30-3:30 pm CST 11-11:20 am and 1:40-2 pm CST MONDAY 10 5:30-6 pm EST ) 10:30-11 pm EST 1880 5-7 pm CST 7:15-8 pm CST "1770 12 noon CST 6:30-8:30 pm CST 880 11 pm to midnite PST 7360 7-7:30 am and pm PST 880 7:30-8 pm PST ) 1970 10:30 to 11 pm CST M 1920 8-8:30 pm CST 70 7:40-8 pm CST TUESDAY 1710 5:30-6 pm EST 880 5-7 pm CST 1820 9:30-10:30 CST pm 1770 11 pm to midnite PST 73 :30 am and pm PST 880 7-8 pm CST HN 1900 10:30 pm-10:45 pm CST 1 7:40-8 pm CST WEDNESDAY BO 1880 Starting 10:30 pm EST D 1710 5:30-6 pm EST ) 10:30-11 pm EST 1880 5-7 pm CST "1770 12 noon CST 710 10:30-11:45 pm CST rN 1880 11 pm to midnite PST \F 7360 7-7:30 am and pm EST 750 7:30-8 pm PST AWE 1980 10:30-11 pm CST 1880 7-8 pm CST 1970 7:40-8 pm CST THURSDAY 3D 1710 5:30-6 pm EST 1880 5-7 pm CST RP 1820 7:15-8 pm CST ['N 1880 11 pm to midnite PST AF 7360 7-7:30 am and pm PST 1880 7-8 pm CST ZM 1920 7:30-8 pm CST HN 1900 Starting 10:30 pm CST K 1970 7:40-8 pm CST FRIDAY D 1710 5:30-6 pm EST 10:30-11 pm EST 1880 5-7 pm CST LP 1820 10-11 pm CST DT 1770 12 noon CST 1710 6:30-8:30 pm CST BTN 1880 11 pm-midnite PST AF 7360 7-7:30 am and pm PST 1880 7-8 pm CST 170 7:40-8 pm CST SATURDAY D 1710 5:30-6 pm EST 0 10:30-11 pm EST 1820 9 pm till late hour CST N 1880 11 pm to midnite PST I 7-7:30 am and pm PST 1880 7-8 pm CST 970 7:40-8 pm and 10:30 to 10:50 pm CST INVESTMENT Amid all the lofty ambitions and dreams of radio amateurs, including fifty-watters and _ crystalline notes, why is it that so few of us aspire to the height of desiring the best fist and the neatest operation on the air? Fifty-watters cost money, and so do crystal- line transmitters; but good operation is within the reach of all. It is the least expensive in money but the most costly in thought and mental preparation. You may hear many and many a “second NAA” on the air, and perhaps each time you can bet your boots that that fellow laid out his cash to get his apparatus. But when you hear the fellow with the steady fist and the well-chosen dots and dashes, you can as safely wager that he has invested a wealth of thought and good intention in his operation. This gives us two sorts of evaluation for radio sta- tions. In the first instance we may find a heavy in- vestment in tubes and transformers and condensers and other good things that are the delight of every radio amateur. In the second instance we may find that kind of an investment which each of us imagines himself to have—thought investment—the only kind of investment which is not subject to overload and super-saturation. Why not start today with a deposit in the Bank of Foresight—five minutes’ meditation will start you—so that when dividends are paid in 1929 YOUR account will be one of the fullest? —L. R. H. TRAFFIC BRIEFS New Zealand 2AG tells us that the press in his locality is praising amateur radio because it enabled newspaper sales to take place within one-half an hour after the Tunney-Heeney fight. KVUA on 8650 ke. is the S. S. Lake Ormoc of the Ford Motor Company, and at this time is enjoying a six months’ trip up the Amazon River in Brazil to the Ford rubber plantation near Santa Ream, Brazil. On August 8, 1928, valuable assistance to the Weather Bureau at Tampa, Fla., was rendered by W4MW, W4CV, and W4ABA, U. S. Naval Reservists, by getting reports from Arlington. FB, OMs. It is interesting (especially to those using low power) to note that W3CKJ used one 210 with a pair of “S” tubes in the International Relay Contest to score his 168 points and win 11th place. = SO . ARMY-AMATEUR NOTES SECOND CORPS AREA: All Army-Amateur Radio Nets in the Second Corps Area will resume their weekly Monday schedules starting on October 1. There is still need for more reliable and active ama- teur stations for the N. Y., N. J., and Delaware State Army-Amateur Radio Nets. The only requirements are that you be interested enough in the work to keep weekly net schedules on Monday nights and to operate your transmitter within the 4000-3850 band (75-78 meters) in order to work your Net Control Station. Requests for application blanks, information, etc., should be addressed to Ist Lieut. David Talley, 2222 Avenue O, Brooklyn, N. Y. ——_—_—__—_«@eo—___—_—_ OFFICIAL BROADCASTING STATIONS The latest and most important news and develop- ments concerning amateur radio can not always be included in QST. Even if important events would always happen just as we go to press, the news would be several weeks old by the time it reached our mem- bers. For the dispatch of “hot” news which should be disseminated at once, we have our Official Broad- cast Stations, which receive weekly releases from HQ with the dope to be sent. OBS are located over the whole country and send out the Official Broadcast on regular schedules. The Official Broadcast Stations are instructed to send the OBC slowly so that the average amateur will have no difficulty in copying it. We have heard several times that some OBS are copied for code practice. The operators of Official Broadcasting Stations give their time willingly for your benefit, but they have no means of determining how effective their efforts are. It will be a courtesy in return on your part if you wlll drop a postal card to the station from whom you may receive the Official Broadcast. The following list of ORS’s and the schedules on which they transmit the OBC is up to date: QS T FOR OCTOBER 1928 Cal WIBE WIBF: WIBIt WiBl WICK WiMi WIXA Weal WeaP WeaP Weal Wea) W2BE wee WekiI Wek! WePl WeZa WeR! WSAI WSBs WSBS wsc! W4Al Wacl W4AJE W40) W4R: WasJ W5A! W5A' WSA! W6A! W6A. W6A. W6A! W6A’ W6B: W6B. We6B' Web’ We, W6B Wec Wee; WéC! W6c

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his bled our the ing | to zil. the sts, low air rps les na- ate nts ep ate yn. C., 22 p- ld ld Id (Local Standard Time) OFFICIAL BROADCASTING STATIONS Wave- Wave- FREQUENCY LENGTH FREQUENCY LENGTH CaLL (K.C.) (Merers) ScHEDULES CaLuL (K.C.) (Meters) ScHEDULES WIBEP - SAME AS BEFORE W6DKV 7,500 40 Mon., Wed., Fri., 6-10:30 WIBFZ 8,750 80 Wed., Sat., Sun., 7, 10:30 p.m.J ‘> ‘ p.m. ’ WIBIG 4,000 75 —_|Mon., Fri., 7:30 p.m. WeDKX nae — sem ae uly BIL 3,800 79 Mon., Fri., 7 p.m. acess ae ae —_ canine tee W6EDK . - |Mon., Wed., Fri. Sat., 1-8 WICKI 7,500 40 Tues., Sat., 9 p.m. p.m.; Tues. Thurs., 1-7 WiIMK 7,150-3,575 | 41.93-83.86 |Mon., Fri., 8-10 p.m.; Tues., p.m. (simul.) r= eee 8 p.m. andi weuo 3,800 79.0 |Mon., Wed., Fri., 10:80 p.m. midnig ooh Aen wane , : : W7A! 7,63. 39.3 Daily opt Sun., 6:30 p.m. WIXAM [15,000-7,500} 20-40 | Fri., Sat., Sun., 7 p.m. — 7 ai: W2ALU 7,960 37.7 Thurs., 10 p.m., Sun., 6 p.m. }w7pp 7,070 42.4 Tues., Fri. 7 p.m. Sun., W2APV 7,940 $7.8 Mon., Thurs., 7:30-11 p.m. 7-11 p.m. WeaAPV 15,000 20 Sat., Sun., 3 p.m. W7DD 3,535 84.8 Tues., Fri., 11 p.m. weAT 3,870 77.5 Mon., Thurs., Fri., 10:30] W7DD 14,140 21.2 Sun., 10 a.m., 1 p.m., 4 p.m p.m.; Sun. daylight W7FL 7,320 41.0 |Mon., Wed., Fri., 7 p.m. WeaAxT 7,110 42.2 Mon., Wed., Fri., 5:30p.m. Jw7Ppl 14,620 20.5 Tues., Thurs., 7 p.m.; Sun., W2BBX-__ | 3,550-3,890 | 84.46-77.1 |Mon., Fri., 7-10:30 p.m. 2:30 p.m., 20.5 m if possible a &F E ! W7IZ 7,700 39 Sun., Thurs., 9 p.m. WecTH 7,890 38 7. 7-10:30 p.m.; Thurs.,J w71z 30,000 10 Sun., Thurs., 1 p.m. p.m. acme aad P me —_ : Ww 7,62 39.4 Mon., y Fri., -» 6:45 WeKR 3,530 85 (cc) Mon., Wed., Sat., 7:15 p.m. 7UQ . red Tues ri., Sat, WeKR 7,760 38.7 Mon., Wed., Sat., 7 p.m. W7UQ 14,920 20.1 Mon., Tues., Fri., Sat., 11 WePrF 3,880 77.4 (cc) |Mon., 10:30 p.m. p.m. W2ZA 7,320 41 Tues., Thurs., Sun., 1:00 a.m.; WSAHK 7,700 39 Wed., Sat., 7 p.m. WeRR 14,620 20.5 Wed., Sat., Sun., 7 p.m. WSAVK 3,600 83.3 Sun., Mon., Wed., Fri., 7 p.m. WSALE 3,840 78 Tues., Sun., 7 p.m. WsCEO 3,725 80.5 Mon., Wed., Fri., 7 p.m. WSBSD 3,615 83 Daily 6:30 p.m. WsCMB 3,900 77 Mon., Thurs., 7 p.m. WSBSD 7,900 38 Daily at 1:30 a.m. WsCMB 7,820 38.4 Daily except Mon., 11:45 p.m. WSCFG 3,750 80 Daily at 1:00 a.m. or 9:00} WSCNT 7,230 41.5 Mon., Tues., Wed., Thurs., p.m. Fri., 6 p.m. W4AIP 7,320 41 Sun., 7 p.m. WSDME 7,940 37.8 Fri., 7 p.m.; Sat., 10:30 p.m. W4aCK 15,210- 19.7-42-76 |Mon., Wed., Sat., 7 p.m. WSEQ 7,740 38.8 (cc) |Sat., 7 p.m. 7,150-3,950 | (simul.) WsPL 7,940 37.81 |Mon., Wed., Fri., 5:30 p.m. W4JR 3,562 84.2 (cc) |Mon., Wed., Fri., 7 p.m. W9AAO- 7,960 37.7 Mon., Wed., Fri., 7:30-9:30 W40B 7,980 37.6 rhurs., Sat., 7 p.m. CFP p-m. W4RN 3,940 37.8 Wed., Sat., Sun., 10:30-11:45] W9AGL 7,540 39.8 (cc) |Tues., Thurs., 7 p.m. p.m.; Daily at 3 p.m. andj wo9pRAN 7,180 41.8 |Mon., Wed., Fri., 11:30 p.m. 7 p.m. on same wave cael oat > In r - W9BEU 7,170-3,580 | 41.9-83.8 |Tues., 9 p.m.; Thurs., Sat., WasJ 7,500 40 -—~ 1:30-10:30 p.m.; Tues., at . (simul.) '9:30-10 p.m — — = wae WoBJA 7,700 39 |Mon., Thurs., 9 a.m. W5ACL 15,080 19.9 Tues., Thurs., Sat., 7 p.m. W9BJA 3,750 80 Wed., Sat., 8 p.m. W5ACY 7,900 38 |Mon., Wed., Fri., 5:30 p.m.;| V9BJW ok 247.8 |Mon., Wed., Fri., 1-7:30 p.m. Tues., Sat., 11:30 a.m. WoOBKJ 3,820 78.45 Thurs., 7 p.m. W5AKP 15,000 20 Tues., Thurs., Sun., 7:30 p.m. [W9BKJ 7,640 39.27 Sat., 7 p.m. W6AGR 7,080 42.3 Thurs., Fri., Sat., 12-12:30}W9CAT 7,700 39 Daily, 10:30 p.m. = Daily except Fri.fJwocrT 7,475 40.1 Mon., Thurs., 11 p.m. 9-9:90 p.m. a . . @ : W9CE 30,000 10 Sun., 12:30 p.m. W6AJM 14,140 21.2 lues., Thurs., Sat., 6:30 p.m. J. - ' a 876 a0 — “ ea S ~ ap WocIA 7,980 37.6 Sun., 2:30 p.m.; Tues., 9 p.m. W6AJM 7,740 38.8 Mon., Wed., Fri., 7 p.m. aia iniysaes en : F . oe Wed W6AL( aio ons ' e7 = W9CN 7,875 38.1 Sun., 3_p.m.; Mon., Wed., 6ALG 7,600 39.5 Sun., 6-7 p.m.; Sat., 5-6 p.m. Sat., 7:30 p.m. W6AMM 7,450 40.2 Tues., Thurs., 7 p.m. WoCPM 7,500 40 Tues., Thurs., Sat., 7 p.m. W6BBJ 3,530 85 — Wed., Fri., 7-10:30}wopar 3,710 81 Fri., Sat., 10:30 p.m. . nae W9DHP 15,300 19.6 Mon., Wed., Fri., 7:30 a.m. W6BJX 7,320 41 Mon., Thurs., 7 p.m. . Dar ee ee ~ : y WsDQD 7,700 39 Mon., Wed., Fri., 7 p.m. W6BRO 7,700 39 Mon., Wed., Fri., 7:30 a.m. . . sac tps 4 : "p- We aad 5 . a a W9DQN 7,150 $2 Mon., Wed., Fri., 10 p.m.; 6BWS 7,230 41.5 Mon., Wed., Fri., 5:30 p.m. lues., Thurs., 7:30 p.m. W6éBXD 7,800 38.5 Mon., Wed., Fri., 7 p.m. WoaDUD 15,000- 20-40-200 |Sun., 10 a.m.; Mon. Frio W6BYZ 7,575 39.6 Mon., Wed., Fri., 7 p.m. 7,500-1,500 7 p.m.; Tues., 7:30 a.m. WéecDt 7,110 42.2 Mon., Wed., Fri., 7 p.m. W9EGU 7,050 42.6 Mon., Wed., Fri., 7 p.m. W6CHA 7,500 40 Wed., Fri., Sat., midnight W9KZ 7,700 39.0 Sun., 2 p.m; Tues., Sat., WéCLS —_|14,700-7,450] 20.4-40.2 |Mon., Wed., Sat., 7 p.m. shape ees oo “eg 7,940 37.8 | Tues., Thurs., Sat., 10 p.m. WécTX 7,500 40 Mon., Wed., 10 p.m.; Fri., Ve pee on Daily excent S t midnight 10:30 p.m.; Sat., midnight; WORR 3,660 82 Dai y exce pt Sun. at midnigh Sun., 2 a.m. W9ZD 7,300 41.1 Tues., Fri., 9:05 p.m. ——— QS T FOR OCTOBER 1928

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WiMK Me ics following came from W9EF of Hammond, . . " . nd.: “I took a message for Tom Heeney from the nage = Son & ig AE... Prime Minister of New Zealand through oz2AC and eeps the schedules in good wostein pom rag gave it to W2AJH, who phoned it to Heeney’s camp. hen the following signs may yo O’Meara of oz2AC told me that it was the first » Huber (Ass’t. C. M.), “FH” of F. E. message he had ever handled, and that it was sent and “AH” of A “A Hebert (T > by special permission of the Prime Minister, the ye reasurer Right Honorable A. J. Coates, M.C.P.V.’ the foll . - Basing FY —. of — WENT suggests that every general call (that means : as been CQ) should have tacked on to its end some indica- the newer and more descriptive “3500” : : : : catoms Eastern Standard Time fe used threurh tion of where the CQ-er is going to start listening. en- For example, W6NT would call: CQ CQ CQ de OFFIC . WENT W6ENT WENT TOP AR. If the operator in- he tamed ply gay ~yo4 tended to start at the bottom of the band in listening t th a4 | a — be ONG 620 for replies, his call would end with BOT AR. Per. at e following times (E.S.T.) : hz it would be better to save transmission b ak Mon., Tues., Thurs., and Fri. haps it woule better to save transmission by mak- and Fri. ° ing the endings simply T and B, followed of course t): Sun., Tues., and Thurs. by the “end of call” sign AR. GENERAL OPERATION have been : gan , r that everybody may have a chance W9ASX also says that W9EVA claims that static ially these general periods follow can be so bad that it will have harmonics! Bring the Broadcasts. They are listed below wavemeter, Oscar!! d 7000 ke.: W7ST wants co-operation from you during October m. on Sun., Mon., Tues., Thurs., 9 to 12, inclusive, when the Pomona Grange Fair will be held at Boise, Idaho. The operators will be ) p-m. on Tues. and Thurs. (no W7ABB, W9BKH, W7ST, and W7AGU. During the ceding these). day a watch will be kept in the 14 meg. band. Prob- later) on Sun. night (Monday able QRH in the latter band will be 7140 ke. Schedules are welcome. Anybody interested should drop a card to Harold G. Austin, W7AGU, in care of Sun., -—-s = Fri. KFAU, Boise, Idaho. a.m. on the following nights a.m. of the day following). Mon., +o . and Fri. Only on Tues. and ELECTION NOTICE e OBC precede. To all A.R.R.L. Members residing in the Sections list below: (The list gives the Sections, closing date for receipt of nominating petitions for Section ilar schedules are kept with in- Manager, the name of the present incumbent and the tations. Traffic to and from HQ date of expiration of his term of office.) This notice y through any of the following: supersedes previous notices. -In a number of cases rd Time used throughout ) (*) when no valid nominating petitions have been Sun., 7:45 p-m. Thurs., 7:30 p.m. received from A.R.R.L. Members residing in_ the ‘the and Fri., 7:00 p.m. different Sections in response to our previous notices, ) Mon. and Fri., 9:00 p.m. the closing dates for receipt of nominating petitions ) Mon. and Fri., 7:30 p.m. are set ahead to the dates given herewith. In the Tues., 9:45 p.m. absence of nominating petitions from Members of a ) Tues. and Fri., 7:45 p.m. Section, the present incumbent continues to hold his Sun., 9:15 p.m. official position and carry on the work of the Section sun., 7:30 p.m. and Thurs., 7:15 (+) subject, of course, to the filing of proper nomina- ting petitions and the holding of an election by ballot and Thurs., 9:45 p.m. or as may be necessary. Tues., Thurs., and Fri., 11:30 Closing date for and Thurs., 7:45 p or a Be Present terms of . _ esen § or 11:00 p.m. (Ww iE on 7000 x Ae Present office ends Section hoon | of tt the dates SCM s., 12:30 a.m. ———_ — ————— —___—__—- —— :30 a.m Western N. ¥.t* Oct. 20 C. S. Taylor, W8PJ July : or re Northern Minnesota* Oct. 20 C. L. Barker, W9EGU Oct 1:45 p.m. (W6BMW sub for Louisiana*® * 90 CA. Freitag, W5UK Oct Rhode Island*® . 20 00 a.m. Nevadat* 20 C B. Newcomb, W6U0 :30 a.m. Sept. ,» 11:15 p.m. C. 8S. Hoffman, WSHD 11:00 p.m. ss : ade Aug ow Colorano* . 20 C. R. Stedman, WICAA 11:15 p.m. , West Virginat*® » & ° Oct. and Thurs., 9:30 p.m. Alabamai* 20 A. D. Trum, W5AJP July 1 700 p.m.; Thurs., 9:00 p.m. Fri., 7:15 p.m. (VE9AL on Ga.-S. C.-Cuba HL. Reid, WAKU Aug 2 sle of P ines ic ) , 8S Jose E. Ji L, d s., 9:00 p.m. (W9APY on 7000 P niltp = aay . A i, enone Southern Minnesota ‘ d D. F. Cottam, W9IBYA ov. Virginia . 20 J. FP. Wohlford, W3CA D . . ° ec 30 p.m.; Thurs., 11:15 p.m. Arizona D. B. Lamb, W6ANO Mon., and Fri. at approxi- Dec. 2 WSBS 9056 : BS on approx. 9050 Newfoundland and Canada Nominating petitions for Section Managers in Newfoundland and Canada should be addressed to Canadian General Manager, A. H. Keith Russell tAFFIC BRIEFS VE9AL, 5 Mail Building, Toronto, Ont., Canada. To WUXTRY!! be valid, petitions must be filed with him on or be- : shi fore the closing dates named. Liberty, Mo., is offering a 7% Newfoundlandt* tt. 20 Loyal Reid, VESAR July 15 he filament is OK) to the fellow New Brunswickt*® . 20 T. B. Lacey, VEIEI Aug. 2 hect looking QsL card for their Nova Scotiat® . ow. « seen — 2 reeT jr ast : . 5 Aug F. r. All donations must be in by P. E. Lt® ot. F. W. Hyndman, VE1BZ which time the club members will Aug. r pecimens received. (Some New Ontario*® ot. W. Y. Sloan, ?) Interested possessors of the will kindly submit their entries to British Columbia . 20 EB. 8. Brooks, + Contest Dep’t, c/o W9CXU, Saskatchewan . 20 W. J. Pickering, erty, Mo. VE4FC QS T FOR OCTOBER 1928 11:00 p.m.; Fri., 12:30 a.m.

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Lond, . the and amp. first sent the eans lica- ing. in- ing Per- 1ak- urse atic the ber will the "ob- wuld of ons ate ion the ses eR the es, ms he his on \a- lot ds 8) conowll 1. You are hereby notified that an election for an A.R.R.L Section Communications Manager, for the next two-year term of office is about to be held in each of these Sections in accordance with the pro- visions of By-laws 5, 6, 7 and 8. 2. The elections will take place in the different Sections immediately after the closing date for re- ceipt of nominating petitions as given opposite the different Sections. The Ballots mailed from Head- quarters will list the names of all eligible candidates nominated for the position by A.R.R.L. members re- siding in the Sections concerned, . Nominating petitions from the Sections named are hereby solicited. Five or more A.R.R.L. mem- bers residing in any Section have the privilege of nominating any member of the League in their Sec- tion as candidate for Section Manager. The fol- lowing form for nomination is suggested: (Place and date) Communications Manager, A.R.R.L. 1711 Park St., Hartford, Conn. We, the undersigned members of the A.R.R.L. re- eee Bh BRicccccccecens Section of the..........+++:- Division hereby nominate...............s5 as can- didate for Section Communications Manager for this Section for the next two-year term of office. (Five or more signatures of A.R.R.L. members are required.) The candidate and five or more signers must be League members in good standing or the petition will be thrown out as invalid. The complete name, address, and station eczll of the candidate should be included. All such petitions must be filed at the headquarters office of the League in Hartford, Conn., by noon of the closing date given for receipt of nominating petitions. There is no limit on the number of petitions that may be filed, but no member shall sign more than one such petition. 4. Members are urged to take initiative immedi- ately, filing petitions for the officials of each Section listed above. This is your opportunity to put the man of your choice in office to carry on the work of the organization in your Section, F. E. Handy, Communications Manager. ELECTION RESULTS Valid petitions nominating a single candidate as Section Manager were filed in a number of Sections on or before the closing dates that had been an- nounced for receipt of such petitions. As provided by our Constitution and By-Laws, when but one candidate is named in one or more valid nominating petitions, this candidate shall be declared elected. Ac- cordingly election certificates have been mailed to the following officials: (These officials will welcome your monthly activity reports.) Section Address 2-year Term begins Quebec Alex Reid, VE2BE, 169 Logan Ave., Sept. 15 Arkansas H. E. Velte, WSABI, 5408 U. St., Little Rock Aug. 28 North Carolina Enno Schuelke, W4SJ, F. F. D. No. 1, Ridgeway Oct. 2 Tennessee Polk Purdue, W4FI, Care Radio Station WBAW, Nashville, Tenn. Oct. 2 Idaho James L. Young, W7ACN, 303 13th Ave., So. Nampa, Idaho Oct. 2 In the Utah Wyoming Section of the Rocky Moun- tain Division, Mr. H. R. Bradford, W6RV, and Mr. Parley N, James, W6BAJ, 430 D. St., Salt Lake City, Utah were nominated. Election results: Mr. Brad- ford, 11. Mr. James, 19. Mr. James therefore has been declared elected. In the Oklahoma Section of the West Gulf Division, Mr. L. M. Edwards, W5FJ, and Mr. Glenn Morgan, W5AMO, 763 Asp Ave., Norman, Okla. were nomi- nated. Election results: Mr. Edwards, 12; Mr. Morgan, 20. Mr. Morgan therefore has been declared elected, In the Kentucky Section of the Central Division, Mr. B. L. Brown, W9FS; Mr. G. W. Mossbarger, W9AUH; and J, B. Wathen III, W9BAZ, Box 97, R. F. D. No. 1, Louisville, Ky. were nominated. Election results: Mr. Mossbarger, 10; Mr. Brown, 15: Mr. Wathen, 16. Mr. Wathen therefore has been declared elected. DIVISIONAL REPORTS ATLANTIC DIVISION ASTERN PENNSYLVANIA—SCM, J. B. Morgan, E W3QP—W3ZF continues to be the star per- former. He has two ops going now and plans for a mammoth station. WS8WJ says traffic looks better. We'll say so, with a total of over 1300 mes- sages for E. Pa, for August. W3AFJ has been off but still reports a few messages. W3QP’s traffic is picking up. W3AKB says W3ZF’s New York-Chicago traffic keeps her cleaned out of traffic. WSAVK re- ports improved weather and traffic as does W3ADE. W38CDS has it in for the crowd in general for not making or keeping schedules. WSAVL is going strong with a new rig. W3BFL is back again. He has time to operate once more due to the regular hours neces- sitated in his business. WS8AWO checked up on the gang's language and morals via a S/W receiver he had at camp. WS8CWO is covering the state well on the 7000 ke. (40 meter) band. WS8DHT is still going strong and applies for ORS. WS3AEF is a new re- porter this month. Glad.to see you, OB, and wish you your share of the fun of being systematic in the old radio hobby. Traffic: W3ZF 389, W8WJ 77, W38AFJ 10, W3LC 208, W3QP 91, W3AKB 93, WSAVK 94, W3ADE 838, W3CDS 3, WSAVL 6, W3BFL 4, WSCWO 26, W8DHT 125, W3AEF 116. DELAWARE-MARYLAND-DIST. OF COLUMBIA —SCM, H. H. Layton, W3AIS—It was necessary to cancel a number of ORS certificates last month due to failure to report. However, several new ORS ap- pointments were made last month and applications for appointments are being received daily. Some live wire is needed for RM for our section. Who shall he be? Delaware: W3ALQ reports weak signals on the 7000 ke, (40 meter) band and traffic NIL. Television results are much better. W3AJH has been devoting all his time to the new YL. W3W4J will soon be on the air. W3AIS had hard luck with his crystal so is on the air with Rac. Maryland: W3AEI is high traffic man for Md. with W3TR a close second. W3BBW is experimenting with a Hertz antenna on 7500 ke. (40 meters). W3CGC re- QS T FOR OCTOBER 1928 ports he will be on the air again after Sept. 15th. Dist of Columbia: W3GT at Bolling Field continues to be high traffic man for the entire section. W3KA’s full QRA is requested by the SCM. W3AHP has ap- plied for an ORS—let’s have your report, OM, Traffic: Del, W3ALQ 2, W38AJH 2, W3AIS 6, Md. W3AEI 9, W3TR 8, W3BBW 1. D. C. W3GT 79. SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY—SCM, M. J. Lotysh, W3CFG—W3CFG leads the section with no competi- tion in sight as usual. A 90’ lattice mast will be doing duty by the time this is in print. W3ARC turned in a fine total to celebrate his ORS appointment, and may he never have a smaller one. W3IV visited Canada and still had time to handle some. He is in line for an ORS. W3AC mostly on 14,000 ke, (20 meter) band with occasional fone on the 3500 ke. (80 meter) band, and handled a few. W3ATJ finally got a 210 so now we will expect better things of him. W3BWJ is rebuilding both transmitters, receiver and antenna. Now is the time to do it, OM. WS3ATP turns in his first report and says he isn’t going to let the 171’s get a chance to cool off next month. Hi. W3ZI was at Pine Camp with 112th artillery for 2 weeks so that explains his blank. WS3BEI says he gets little time for radio. Hope fall sees an improvement, OM. W3KJ is off the air as usual. Cool weather is com- ing on now and conditions should improve. Unless they do, and those ORS unlisted this month fail to report next month, there will be some more cancella- tions. You fellows all have report cards and there is no good reason for not mailing them monthly, ex- plaining your activity, or inactivity. Traffic: W3CFG 168, W3ARC 60, W8IV 24, W3ATJ 12, W3BWJ 9, W3AC 14, W3ATP 8. WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA—SCM, A. W. Mce- Auly, W8CEO—The leader in traffic for this month is not yet an ORS but will be one soon. WS8CNZ has a regular schedule with nn-INIC. WS8CFR re- ports GMD returning home but off the air on account of trouble with Indians and sickness. WS8XE had the misfortune to lose about $400 worth of apparatus when lightning struck the station. WSDKS is rebuilding. WSARC is the new secretary of the ATA and has been busy with the duties incidental to the jobs chang- ing hands. WS8AGO is on twice a week handling vil

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WSCMW 5, with W3SN. WS8CES has a grand r that is doing its stuff and he wants WS8AKI is getting calibration on a W8BRM is rebuilding for 1929 opera- has changed from 3945 ke. (76 meters) 5 meters) as the note is improved. ome errors in the ORS or other f anyone has any sort of grievance, SCM who will be glad to look the ‘ec. The new officers of the Erie Club are W8BVB Pres., W8LS, Vice r, Secy-Treas. WSLS is the chief WSBHN has a Packard, class, yes, Flint, Mich. The Erie hams are gether and banquet. WS8DRU, the coming down to Carnegie Tech. » a transmitter with him. WS8CAE Cambridge, Mass. WS8CZE who at- school in N, Y. C. is at present ttempting to push the ether out a 250 watter. Let us all get going NZ 47, W8CFR 37, W8XE 14, W8DKS W8AGO 2, W8CES 2, W8AKI 1, W8CEO WSAYH 12, W8DNO 75. NEW YORK—SCM, C. S. Taylor, W8PJ month just doubles last month which Western New York can get going 2s overhauled all his apparatus and fall season. WS8AFG broke his arm get through quite a number of mes- schedules also. WSAHC has also and is at it again. WSARX made nth with over 300 messages. WSBCM month with schedules and _ traffic. on vacation so no traffic report V8SBIP worked all U. S. districts last ndl some traffic. WS8BMJ has re- cation and now has things going expects a 2nd dist. call soon so we have to lose him from our dist. ick. WS8BUP almost wins the msgs. this month. WS8CDB sold no report on traffic until he gets W8CMW works on 3615 ke. (83 air results. WSCNT states that the Radio Club has been formed and M, W8UB, W8DY, WS8BPZ, W8BUP, WS8CNT constitute its membership. the SCM and a good ragchew took rebuilt his transmitter and ex- operation not later than October. » ORS and one will be issued him ¢ ntinue to keep up. WSDHX has t report under that call. He ex- J. to live so the 2nd or 3rd dist wire. Good luck, OM. WS8DII traffic and kept schedules. WSDME OZ, SE, SC and is trying to get in W8DNE is getting the set in shape > has had quite a bit of trouble with ive not been going so good with a UX210 has put over many » with no schedules. WS8TH has ages for the small amount of time AFG 45, WS8AHC 10, W8ARX 301, > 41, W8BMJ 19, WS8SBQK 8, W8SBUJ WSCNT 54, W8DFW 60, DII 55, WS8DME 12, WS8DNE 11, RJ 60, WSTH 4. CENTRAL DIVISION F. J. Hinds, W9APY—Things look fellows. Our traffic is much bet- and number of reporting stations ming in more promptly. Keep be all set for a REAL season. th Chicago this month. W9DGA urgh on account of business and W®9DSU is moving to St. Louis , OM. W9AFA'’s traffic was all meet the boat as it docks at W9BSH received his commer- ”on have a 14 me. (20 meter) going. W9DXG has a new W®9BNI handled so much Camp to rebuild the sets. W9AJM is long rest. Hi. W9CCR will r sot ervstal. W9ACU is now a-la- rator of W9XN and did some fine work handling new items, stock reports, ete. W9CIA worked Russia as his 53rd country worked, The Fox River Valley Radio League held a very nice hamfest at Aurora. W9PU had a terrible mess when the big mast and antenna system went west but he finally got the zepp going and DX’d again. W9CSB is rebuilding 1929 type of set with a 204A. He will be at W9MI at U. of Ill. this fall. W9AFF has moved and is remodelling for 1765 ke. (170 meter) crystal fone, CW and television. Also will use fone and CW on 3530 ke. (85 meters) with speech amplifier and good modulation. W9BPX received the “‘commer- cial”. W9GV, W9AAS, and W9CEJ deserve much credit for their efforts trying to locate the Rockford Fliers. W9AVL uses a MOPA on 15,000 ke. (20 meters). W9CKZ handled some nice traffic from Camp Grant via W9BRD and W9DLI. All of W9DXZ’'s traffic was also with Camp Grant. W9BNR is rebuilding. W9CNY is rebuilding per 1929 specifi- cations. W9FHY is trying a mercury are. W9FQS trafficked with W9XN mostly this month. W9BOL and W9AQJ are building together in a crystal outfit. W9BXB and W9DLI worked hard on the Rockford- Sweden flight. W9ECR will soon be on the 28 me. (10 meter) band. W9DOX has been at Camp Grant under W9FWG. Traffic: W9PU 518, W9FWG 201, W9XN 201, W9APY 129. WS9CIA 105, W9DKK 86, W9EJO 68, W9UX 68, W9CKZ 64, W9IV 62, W9AFA 61, W9BNI 55. W9FQS 45, W9AAS 44, W9ASE 44, W9DSU 3, W9CKM 31, W9DXZ 27, W9FHY 22, W9ERU 21, W9DCK 20, W9FCW 19, W9CSB 15, W9CUH 15, W9CNY 13, W9ARM 12, WS9AVL 12, W9BSH 12, W9ECR 12, W9CZT 11, W9AFB 9, W9SCNB 8, W9CUO 8&8, W9AMO 6, W9KB 4, W9AAW 3, W9AGG 3, W9AJM 2, WS9ACU 1, WSBVP 1, W9CCZ 1, W9EGX 1, W9FO 1. INDIANA—SCM, D. J. Angus, W9CYQ—W9CVX is putting in crystal control. W9FYB is a new ham at Bloomington. Bloomington has a new radio club with WS9ABW president, W9AIN vice-president, W9AYO secretary, and W9FTT treasurer. W9CNC has rebuilt to 1929 specifications and reports much better results. W9AEB is using fone on 3530 ke. (85 meters) now. WS9EPR (ex) is waiting for a new license and will then be on the air. W9FQ is on with a new transmitter and a 210. W9EF is going strong on DX. Now lists 34 countries. A USNR unit is being organized at Hammond. W9EVA is testing out antennas for their DX possibilities. W9ESH is off on account of most of his outfit being blown. W9DUZ has a Ford roadster QRM. W9ASX is rebuilding to 1929 specifications. W9FLU died at Indianapolis the fore part of August. South Bend lost an excellent ham and general good fellow by his death. W9ACR handled Camp Knox traffic during CMTC training at Louisville, Ky. Traffic: W9AIN 237, W9EZ 55, W9CNC 8, W9AEB 8, W9FQ 6, W9ACR 187, W9DSC 14. KENTUCKY—SCM, D. A. Downard, W9ARU—This, or probably next month, will be the last report to be made by the present SCM. He wishes to take this means of thanking the fellows for the cooperation they have given him and hopes they will give the SCM elect their best. Thanks, fellows! W9BWJ is working on a shielded grid receiver and is looking for- ward to good results this fall. W9ENR says too much QRM and QRN so he is taking a vacation in the East. W9CRD reports having worked ff8SHPG on the 7000 ke, (40 meter) band. W9BGA is doing good DX on both the 7000 ke. (40 meter) and 14,000 ke. (20 meter) bands, with one 210. W9EKM reports a lot of good DX on the 14,000 ke. (20 meter) band. 9FBV is QSO OA stations right along. W9MN is also working OZ and OA stations early in the mornings. W9BAN has invested in a new Vibroplex. Hold ‘er down, OM. W9DQC and W9DLU are vacationing. W9DDH is having trouble with QRN. Hi W9ARU is work- ing on his outfit having just returned from a week in the Kentucky mountains. W9BXK left his remote con- trol switch turned on and, next morning, ashes. If you’d been using “damped” waves most likely, it would have put itself out, OM. Hi. Traffic: W9BGA 19, W9O0X 16, W9CRD 13, W9MN 11, W9BAN 5, W9ENR 3, W9EKM 2. MICHIGAN—SCM, Dallas Wise, W8SCEP—WS8CKZ is on 3750 ke. (80 meters) most every night but says there is not much doing just now. WS8MS is silent due to blown armatures on the MG. WSBGV now has a 210 working and is handling loads of traffic. W8AAF complains of the BCL harmonics in the 3500 ke. (80 meter) band. WS8BRS burned out the bearings on the MG and is rebuilding the outfit. WSDUA uses QS T FOR OCTOBER 1928 grit sure schc is ¢ and The it r sets wo ws! 99, radi gin! mos The mor att take ther ws! wit! den: 350 ing says wai was repe agai for ven! 8 Sou is | orch ing com pick pro! to « DX. chai FB noth skec and buil Ws) air. the he | com Sor as ¢ Ws! traf the win isn’! in : Ohi

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s mos Sl el el eee Eh al - &? rere VS Ere ON He Se ese OS wT Fervor |] wg ~ = a 201A with 150 volts DC on plate. WS8AUB has been out of town so no traffic from him. W8DKX has been handling some USDA traffic in fine shape. W4PZ spent his vacation with WSCED and they kept a schedule with Memphis during his stay. WS8BJQ reports his 1929 Hartley is perking great. WS8CU has a new plate transformer so we will expect more from him now. WS8NO turned in a fine total and reports that he will have a station in Ann Arbor when school starts. WS8DED is working hard on a paper for the Central Div. traffic man. It will be published by W9APY and the first issue will be out about October lst. WSCEP is getting ready for the fall rush and grinding a few extra crystals for the set. W8ZZ now has a mercury are for plate supply rectifier which sure is FB. W9CSI finds working much different than school. Hi. Report seems pretty small but guess that is due to the time of the year more than anything and believe we can look for an increase from now on. The SCM has a 250 watter now and hopes to have it ready with crystal control by the time cold weather sets in. Traffic: WS8CKZ 6, W8BGV 160, WS8AAF 30, W9CEX 16, W8BRS 7, WS8DUA 16, WSCED 13, W8DKX 18, W8CU 2, W8NO 212, W8CEP 9, W8DED 99, W9CSI 12. OHIO—SCM, Howard C, Storck, W8BYN—Better radio weather is coming, and the reports are be- ginning to show it. Good work this month, gang, and most of the ORS reported. Keep up the good work. The SCM is more than pleased with the showing this month. He was mighty glad to see so many of you at the convention and to meet you personally. W8CMB takes high honors this month with 125, handling 560 of them in one day. FB, OM. There is no Ohio RM as yet and there will not be unless a demand arises. WS8DSY comes in second with 108. Don’t know how he does it with all the DX he gets and the wonder of it all is that it’s all done with a little 210. W8DBM has had his hands full this last month. Two weeks at camp with the O. N. G, and he had to miss the convention because of the arrival of a new op. Congrats, OM, and may his fist ever wobble a key. WS8DTN has rebuilt his set. WS8BOR has been to camp most all summer but is back on the air now. WS8CQU comes through with 45 but as usual, has nothing to say. WSCNO keeps early morning sked with oa5RS. W8GZ reports nevtral on the 10 message per month plan while W8CSS, W8SBKM and W8BAC are in favor of it. WS8BBR is still blowing filter con- densers. WSDJV says traffic is picking up on the 3500 ke, (80 meter) band. WSBAU is still recuperat- ing from the convention as are the rest of us. He W8CXD is putting in a new mercury arc. WSAWN was badly hurt in an accident but is on the air and reports 20 messages. WS8CFL has the traffic bug again and is going up on the 3500 kc. (80 meter) band for it. WS8BNA only states that he enjoyed the con- vention. WS8DDK is still working with his crystal. W8AYO says to shoot him traffic for west coast of South America. He keeps sked with se-2EA. WSCFT is back on the air after a western tour with the orchestra. WSBKM got married and is busy start- ing housekeeping. W8SBFA is rebuilding. WSDBS also comments on the convention, and says traffic now picking up. WS8DK _ reports for the first time and promises more in the future. WS8EJ is on the road again and hasn't much time for radio but manages to corral a few. WSCNU reports his first taste of DX. FB OM, but don’t neglect traffic. WSDTC is changing QRA. WSARW thinks the convention was FB and says his 1929 transmitter almost ready. WS8ALW congrats on the convention. WS8OQ has nothing to say, as usual. WSCRI is working up some skeds. WSBYB works on both the 7000 ke. (40 meter) and 3500 ke. (80 meter) bands now. WSCLR is re- building. WSDPF will be inactive until winter. W8DJG will be settled by this time and be on the air. WSDIA wants good schedules WSDHS attended the convention and immediately wrecked his set when he got home. He is rebuilding entirely. WSCCO is coming back on the air. WSBOP is moving to N. Y. Sorry to lose you, OM. WS8BEV is QRW on WEE, as chief op. WS8BAH is going to be on the air again W8BKQ and WS8AOE are too QRW right now for traffic but promise more later. WS8SI is moving to the west coast and will be on the air as a “6” by winter. Sorry to see you go, OM and good luck. W8PL isn’t on the air yet. WSRN is still aboard KFNN. About this 10 message per month thing—Some are in favor, and some are not. What is best for the Ohio Section? The SCM is willing to let it go as it QS T FOR OCTOBER 1928 has been, and put each ORS on his own, to work for the section, and try to have good totals. Will also leave it to each ORS’s honor and judgment as to when to resign when he is no longer active. What say, OMs? Quite a few ORS wrote back to the SCM in reply to warning cards sent out. FB, that’s the spirit. For the information of the ORS who weren’t at the convention, it was voted to adopt the plan of giving no warning to delinquent ORS, but cancel automatically after failure to hear from them for three months, the SCM to use his own judgment in cases of school QRM, work, etc. Also, the very irregu- lar ORS are to be “axed” for the good of the sec- tion. It’s up to you, gang. If you fall over the dead line, either way, better wake up if you want to keep your appointments. Let’s go, gang, and make this a banner winter for the old Ohio section! !!!!!! Traffic: WSCMB 125, W8DSY 108, W8DBM 82, WS8DTN 81, W8BOR 64, W8CQU 45, WS8BYN 43, WS8CNO 38, W8GZ 28, W8BBR 25, W8DJV 25, W8BAU 23, W8CXD 22, W8AWN 20, WS8CFL 19, W8BNA 14, W8BAC 14, W8DDK 14, W8AYO 13, WS8CFT 11, W8BKM 9, W8BFA 9, W8DBS 9, W8DK 8, WS8EJ 7, WS8CNU 7, W8DTC 7, W8CCS 7, W8ARW 5, W8ALW 5, W80Q 4, W8CRI 6, WS8BYB 8, W8CLR 3. WISCONSIN—SCM, C, N. Crapo, W9VD—W9DLD is building a monitor box, installing mercury arc, and new power panel in anticipation of a busy sea- son. W9DWZ at Darlington has been going good all summer. W9EMD has two schedules on 3750 ke. (80 meters). W9DNB says he heard the sigs supposedly coming from the Greater Rockford. W9LYV is getting ready for the fall rush by building a 1929 trans- mitter. W9DND will be on the air Sept. 15th with a new outfit. W9CVI is steadily increasing his traffic totals by increasing his schedules. W9FAW has been busy at Camp Williams drilling the boys in the 105th Cavalry. W9BPW has his new transmitter finished and wants schedules. W9EWN is putting out a wicket signal at Dodgeville.e W9DEK is thinking of erystal control and lining up new schedules. W9SO says activity at the School of Engineering is low at present. W9BIB is doing big things on the 28 mc. (10 meter) band.—receiving nothing but automobile ignition signals. W9DCX is organizing the hams in his section under the Northern Wisconsin Relay League and doing fine work. W9DZZ is not so busy at present but will get going strong this month. W9BWO now acts as our official society reporter and keeps track of the fellows on trips. W9VD thinks his new receiver is the cat’s, and is building a new 1929 transmitter. The SCM has finally finished winding his receiver coils on Pilot bases and have them all calibrated on removable dials. His transmitter comes next and he hopes to have it remodeled by next month, ala 1929. Traffic: W9DLD 149, W9BWZ 86, W9EMD 50, W9DNB 87, W9LV 21, W9DND 18, W9CVI 17, W9FAW 17, W9BPW 15, W9EWN 13, W9DEK 10, WSO 8, W9BIB 8, W9DCX 7, W9DZZ 5, WIBWO 3, W9VD 4. DAKOTA DIVISION ~ OUTHERN MINNESOTA—SCM, D. F. Cottam, S W9BYA—Rebuilding seems to be in order in this section and some of the old timers have sold their entire xmitters and are putting in ultra mod- ern stations. W9EFO has sold his station which was a work of art and was considered one of the finest layouts in this part of the country. We are all anxious to see the new one because it will no doubt be the last word in ham stations. W9DBW is high this month with a flock of real DX traffic. He has been QSO 14 foreign stations and from all, handled some important stuff. W9COS has been troubled with high thermometer readings in his hack. He expects to resume his daily skeds oon with a new Zep. W9ELA did some press work for the Associated Press, handling ibout 300° words. W9DOP works on a farm and on Sundays only. He will rebuild as soon as hool starts. W9BTW is on very little but did some nice DX while on getting good reports. W9DMA was QSO fo-A50O this month. W9AIR is proud of his new 1929 receiver that employs a 222 RF amp. W9EOH has a new job and is QRW. He is moving to Minneapolis and will be on with a new outfit then. W9DGE is still on the river line. W9BHZ says weather is too hot to operate. W9DBC can fry eggs any place in his shack. W9DEQ is QRW with Ix

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. BRYA has moved down a flight of stairs and to create a new shack. Traft W9DBW 34, WSCOS 32, WSELA 17, wol WSBTW 12, W9DMA 2, W9AIR 2, Wort WSDGE 1. NOR N MINNESOTA—SCM, C. L. Barker, W9EGI EGN rates the stars this month, show- ing ws that traffic can be handled in the by just trying. W9EHI reports hat V WMIU and that W9CKI ops KFML, bot r jreat Lakes. He is getting all set for ‘ audio season.” W9FFU, a new station at 7 rbor and an ORS-to-be, is showing up ver : putting up a new Zeppelin antenna. wo 1 Hoffman, Zurian and Mix at 9EK- 9XH nroute to Springfield, Ill, for a 10 da re. W9ABV is now arranging his sch putting in new ones as well as rer nes of last year. W9EHO very sel- don ny news. How come, OM? W9DPB ha t for 1929. W9ADS says it’s too hot for will be on with a 203A shortly, W9AKM is re th transmitter and receiver for fall and r W9BBT lost his tower in a wind t t up again real soon. W9BMX just MOPA and says it’s FB, having thant and Australia the first day on. wo! ttending the CMTC at Ft. Snelling. Wwol ling an operating room. He stopped t M but the SCM was gone—no doubt W9CKI is having the time of his P iac, KFML and will be back on th ham set by Sept. 15th. W9EGF lost h t says it won't be gone long. W9BMR 3 1 Wahpeton, N. D. soon as he has em- pk postoffice there. Sorry to lose him fr and our Northern section. I EGN 177, W9EHI 14, W9FFU 9, W W9EHO 4, W9DPB 4, W9ALS 2. N AKOTA—SCM, B. S. Warner, W9DYV— Her w report from a new SCM. Thanks, gar election support. W9IK is building a new t TPTG xmitter, 1929 model for 3750 ke t and has to replace his mast which wa high wind. He keeps skeds with hr r st ns FB, OM. W9CUT has a port nz on 7500 ke. (40 meters) and was Qso tricts. W9BJV lost his halyard in a ¥ I nd was shut down all month but ng again soon. W9DYV is doing g r m a TPTG transmitter. W9DYA keer away but reports no traffic. UT 4, W9DYV 4. Si KOTA—SCM, Dwicht Pasek, WSDGR— woDw) consented to be RM again so we can ¢ nappy traffic leader. Look for him on { nd arrange some schedules. Even th re not an ORS, drop the SCM a line on : your station dope and anything of interest in our state bulletin.

Wwol way on a trip visiting some Canuk sta- tior W°CKT is back again and fixing up a ‘ W9DNS is hitting the ball and re} W®9DES has moved out to the west c like they get all our best ops. W9DB is tr persuade the set to put out a 1929 sig. W 1! a bunch of stations but no traffic. - T V9IDWN 162, W9DB 14, W9DGR 6, DELTA DIVISION I SCM, H, E, Velte, W5ABI—Hot?!! A y it has been but in spite of the till have a bunch of active stations. W5H) that for heat, his shack is next only to a DD is having QRM from BCLs wanting } <ed. W5ANN is reported heard by an OA } is installing radio sets on airplanes for adron. W5ABI has been working. W5A dule and handling traffic between the v Little Rock. W5AQX and W5BCZ rey radio. We are sure glad to have our forr W5AIP) back with us. He is operator W5SS is also back with us. He has . Aviation Course and says he is glad » | the air. W5IQ reports that he is still aT t on 28 me, (10 meters). The SCM re of listening to the Acoustic Wave per August QST. It works FB. »f the hospital and has been pounding Nat'l. Guard encampment. W5ZAA is hove off. W5BDB wants an ORS The SCM will be glad to hear from and would like to make ‘more ORS Things are beginning to pick up in mt ww hea Fil W5A h at apr an apI

Arkansas and by fall we expect to be sending in much better reports. Traffic: W5ABI 51, W5AQX 11, W5BCZ 2. MISSISSIPPI—SCM, J. W. Gullett, W5AKP—Well, gang, I am going to start cleaning up Miss. by can- celing all inactive ORS certificates. Watch out W5AYB and W5API—this is your last chance and if you want to keep your certificate, you will have to report every month without fail. If I don’t hear from you next report, you will no longer be an ORS. W5BBX is a new 7000 ke. (40 meter) station located in Booneville and promises to be a real good low power station. W5ANP has just completed a 28 mc. (10 meter) transmitter and also 35 mc. (80 meter) lay- out. W5AJJ says he is dusting cobwebs off the old set and is beginning to take new interet in ham radio. W5FQ is on the verge of rebuilding his big set so that it will comply with the 1929 regulations. W5AKP has just finished rebuilding his power unit and receiver and they are both FB but his B batteries quit on him so he will have to put out a little more cash. Traffic: W5AKP 50, W5FQ 12, W5ANP 6, W5AJJ LOUISIANA—SCM, C. A. Freitag, W5UK—W5EB has been visiting in north La. He helped W5BDJ of Monroe get on the air with 714 watts. It looks like we are going to have a peppy bunch in this section. HUDSON DIVISION ORTHERN NEW JERSEY—SCM, A. G. Wester, W2WR—W2AS has been experimenting with fair results on the 28 mec. (10 meter) band. He will leave shortly for Princeton. W2AT handled the most traffic this month and is also getting his fall schedules working. W2CP will be back strong with heavy traffic. W2CW maintains a _ schedule Wednesday with WIARE. W2BEY is playing with a voltage feed antenna. W2FC installed a shield grid receiver which works FB. W2KA has changed to 7000 ke. (40 meter band). W2ASZ has had fine results this summer with DX. W2JG will be off for a month due to re-installing the transmitter in a new part of the house. W2AGN’s YL is vaca- tioning which accounts for his good traffic total. W2ANG is stepping out in all directions with a fifty watter. W2MD is awaiting cooler weather so DX will pick up. W2CTQ put in a new rectifier and mast. W2CJX will return to the air in Sept. sure. W2BY has had an eventful summer paying visits to ham and commercial stations. W2BIR is return- ing from his summer home Sept. 15. W2AVK QSO’d ek-4AAR in August. W2BAL is _ experi- menting with BCL television. W2AOP will handle traffic again now as his shack is cooling off. W2BDQ, W2WR and a few others plan to welcome ek-4CL when he arrives on the Homeric in New York on Sept. 26. W2CJD is bothered seriously with YLs. W2CKQ sent in his initial report and has hooked with WFBT to handle traffic. Traffic: W2AT 73, W2CP 1, W2CW 3, W2FC 2, W2ASZ 2, W2AGN 31, W2ANG 16, W2MD 11, W2CTQ 2, W2BY 26, W2AVK 12, W2BAL 8, W2A0P 5, W2CJD 1, W2CKQ 17. EASTERN NEW YORK—SCM, E. M. Holbrook, W2CNS—Eight stations handled 166 messages. W2APQ made our best quota altho very QRW with YL and a new Ford. W2BKE has left for Atlanta, Ga., to join W4RN and build a super-power station. W2AXX entertained 25 guests this month but does not say whether YLs or OMs. W2MZ at her shack entertained our New Jersey YL, W2BY, with W2RP and W2APQ. W2AUO is coming up to 3750 ke. (80 meters) and wants schedules. W2JE says very few hams on the air in this hot weather. W2CTH has blown a UX210 and UX211 so will be off the air temporarily. W2AY is off rebuilding at old QRA and will have MG set. W2TD will soon be back on the air. W2AUQ who had pre-war spark sta- tion W2VP. is opening up with a 7% watter and says W2CXL pounds in R7-8 at Marlboro and one of best stations to copy in recent QRN. W2SJ makes first report since operating in second district, just across Mohawk from Schenectady. He says most active stations in his vicinity are W2ACY on 15,000 ke. (20 meters) and 2BIA on 7500 ke. (40 meters). Traffic: W2APQ 179, W2BKE 30, W2AXX 21, —_— 10, W2AU0 4, W2JE 3, W2SJ 16, W2CNS

NEW YORK CITY AND LONG ISLAND—SCM, M. B. Kahn, W2KR—Now that all the inactive ORS appointments have been cancelled, the remaining ORS came through with some fine reports this month, and traffic took a big jump and three stations made QS T FOR OCTOBER 1928

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or, He ed ile de the BPL. They are W2BFY, W2KR and W2APV. W2BFY is a non-ORS but will shortly be in line for an appointment if he keeps up the good work. W2AVB, Long Island’s RM, deserves special men- tion for his work in getting the L. I. section organ- ized from practically nothing. They lead all N.Y.C. in traffic. FB. There is plenty of room for the new stations to become ORS and those that have ambitions may send in their traffic reports and ap- plications. Keep up the good work, fellows. Let’s show "em what we really can do, Manhattan: W2ALU leads in traffic due to his night- ly sked with nz-FR5. W2KR is on 7760 ke. (38.7 meters) with crystal control and on 3530 ke. (85 meters) with fone. Messages from fqPM relayed on sked through W40C are given immediate delivery. W2BCB is quite active and has daily sked with W6CJN. W2AFO can be heard on 7980 ke. (37.6 meters) most every night. W2BGO finds it im- possible to hook up with West Coast ORS between 2 and 4 am EST. W2CS is flying model airplanes but says DX is good. W2ANX has been away for the summer but will be back again shortly. W2BNL’s flivver keeps him busy. Bronx: W2APV’s deliveries enabled him to make the BPL. W2ALL will be going back to college next month but will operate from there. W2BDH came through with his first report. W2CYX has “YL- itis” but promises to get busy next month. W2BBX is having trouble with his usually fine outfit. W2SF foned a message to Governor of N.C. who was in N.Y.C, to see Tunney fight. He is the ham’s friend now. W2AET’s vacation kept him off the air for a while but he is QRV now. Brooklyn: W2BDM has been busy getting his new MOPA set ready for 1929. W2PF is busy with ARRI booth at Madison Square Garden for Radio Show to be held Sept. 17-22. W2APD reports after ORS has been cancelled but if activity warrants, renewal can be applied for. W2BRB will be on 28.27 mec. (10.25 meters) crystal controlled and on 3530 ke. (85 me- ters) with fone. Long Island: W2BFY leads the whole section in traf- fic. (Keep up the good work, OM—SCM). W2AVB gets most of his messages from WSBS skeds. W2AEU- ASS is in line for an ORS appointment. W2APL is a of - DX on 14,000 ke. (20 meter band). 2: » is another station whose activity will place him on ORS list. g _— Staten Island: W2ABO is the only man who seems to be alive on the Island. Where are all the sta- tions from that section ? Traffic: Manhattan: W2ALU 90, W2KR_ 85, W2BCB 31, W2AFO 25, W2BGO 14, W2CS 14, W2ANX 8, W2BNL 6. Bronx: W2APV 81, W2ALL 53, W2BDH 29, W2CYX 24, W2BBX 19, W2SF 12, W2AET 9. Brooklyn: W2BDM 12, W2PF 9, Staten Island: W2ABO 3. Long Island: W2BFY 357, W2AVB-XAU 93, W2AVP 85, W2AUE-ASS 36, W2APL 10. MIDWEST DIVISION OWA—SCM, H. W. Kerr, W9DZW—Four ORS and 3 non-ORS report with an increase of a 100% over last year. If W9CKQ’s report is just a forerunner, we will have to ORS him or the regulars’ reputation will be nil. W9BCA continues CAB skeds. W9SDEA’S QRA is now Sioux City, QRW wholesale hardware. W9DKV’s faithful 80 ft. mast was leveled by a storm. W9CUK is at Valp trying for com’! ticket. W9BCL of ’ol Kentuck is residing at Sioux City. W9CZC is QRW golf and training for the dance marathon. W9BCA tops the traffic list and makes the BPL. A hamfest at W9EIW’s recently invoked a lot of en- thusiasm and more OW’s are working the buzzers. The RM is frozen on 3945 ke. (76 meters) again—now let’s help the Midwest Division move up from seventh place. W9CZC and W9DZW are planning to drop in on the boys at Sioux City, Shenandoah and Malvern if they can get away. Traffic: W9BCA 245, W9CKQ 1438, W9EHN 67, WSDZW 12, W9EIW 7, W9EJQ 2. W9DPL 1. NEBRASKA—SCM, C. B. Diehl, W9BYG—W9QY is very busy with his harvest and threshing and we will excuse him as we know that this is the only time of the year that the job can be done. W9EEW has started up again and also reports that Mrs. W9EEW is getting along fine now and will soon be herself again after the operation. W9DVR sure does make things sing this time, bully for you, OM, and go to it. W9BOQ is also busy with harvest and threshing. W9CHB hasn’t learned yet the Ford and Radio won’t mix, but he will know all about it. Hi. W9BYG is busy painting the house, also got a whimper out of the xtal and threw a fit. W9BBS is in the rush season QS T FOR OCTOBER 1928 on the RR and trying to rebuild the receiver. W9CDB will soon be at it again as rebuilding nearly done now. W9BQR works on 14,000 ke. (20 meter) band most of the time and reports good results. Traffic: WS9EEW 11, W9DVR 50, W9CHB 5, W9BBS 3. KANSAS—SCM, J. H. Amis, W9CET—W9CFN leads the Section with a nice total. W9LN works OA and OZ regularly with 74% watts but will soon sign a “6.” Sorry to lose you, OB. W9CKV and W9HL are QRW due to the hot weather. W9CV and W9BHR are QRW getting ready for the Kansas convention which will be held in Topeka Oct. 12th and 13th. W9CET is going strong with an 852 and mercury are, also a 222 receiver. W9FLG lost a 210 keeping skeds with CX7. W9DIH is using crystal on the 14,000 ke. (20 meter) and 7000 ke. (40 meter) bands. W9CFN keeps a 3 cor- nered sked with W9LN and W9BDS. W9DFY handles traffic from WITB and sp-CBI. W9AEK is now a com’! Ist. Your new SCM wishes at this time to assure the gang that he is behind yeu and expects your support. Let’s go, fellows, and put Kansas on the map with large traffic totals. There is room in the section for a few ORS appointments—let’s have your applications, fellows. Traffic: W9CFN 185, W9LN 51, W9CKV 20, W9DFY 31, W9CET 30, W9FLG 6, W9HL 4, W9DIH 9. MISSOURI—SCM, L. B. Laizure, W9RR—St. Louis amateurs were mostly on vacation this month. W9BEU was off a week visiting around K.C. and WS9AOT just returned from a trip west. W9BEQ still is absent somewhere in the northwest according to W9BEU. W9ZK led in traffic with W9BEU short by just one message for second. W9BEU applied for OBS appointment. W9BMU and W9DZN were next highest in traffic figures. W9BMU is cheering up now that he passed the exam OK and is all set for traffic by schedulee W9DZN is using ex-W9DFQ’s old 50 watter and says it’s FB. W9ZK says he is going in strong for 56 m.c. (5 meter) and 28 m.c. (10 meter) work. W9BUL takes the lead in traffic for the state stations with 45 msgs, followed by W9ECS with 31. W9BUL handled Nat. Guard traffic thru W5AZW during local encampment of the Webb City unit, at Ft. Sill, Okla. W9ECS kicks in with the following: W9FKF, a new ham in Siketson, is crowing over an 8% pound boy; W9ASG is installing new chem. rect.; skeds at W9ECS are working FB with W9LN, W9DFY and W9BAZ. W9EPX is a new ORS and is out for traffic with skeds with W9EPY and W9FKZ. W9FNJ sends his first report and is keeping three skeds thru much QRM. W9FNI lost 3 tubes from receiver when lightning paid his antenna a visit. W9ERM bobs in with some traffic and a QTC regarding Naval Reserve work. W9ARA was on until the 22nd going on a tour of the east. W9ASV was QRT during the month. W9DKG is putting a 250 on 7800 ke. (38.5 m.) right away and has a sked with W9FIO. W9EUB is about QRT re- building receiver. W9CDF is monkeying with low power stuff and portables. W9FBF-W9FSI is getting freak reports of DX heard on 7500 ke. (40 meters) when the transmitter is on 1680 ke. (178 meters). W9DAE and W9ASV remembered the SCM with re- ports even though no traffic was handled. Kansas City stations did not accomplish a great deal this month due to the usual QRM from vacations, etc. W9FTE had good success with his new xtal layout and speared a few messages. W9EWH is another newcomer this season and kept skeds with AM7 at Ft. Dodge, Iowa, during camp. W9DQN handled a few msgs but was mostly QRX with paralyzed 50 watter. W9BSB is still off rebuilding the works. No dope on the other stations was available due to the SCM being too QRW to dig same out. rraffic: W9ZK 24, W9BMU 12, W9DZN 3, W9BEU os. WSBUL 45, W9ECS 31, W9BJA 18, W9EUB 1, WODKG 3. W9ARA 14, W9ERM 14, W9FNJ 17. W9EPX 21, W9FTE 6, W9EWH 18. NEW ENGLAND DIVISION ONNECTICUT—SCM, C. A. Weidenhammer, Cw The ORS in Conn. are all lined up ready for the big traffic marathon and they have pledged themselves to break all records. We have several traffic Joie Rays and they will make those who compete with us realize that they have been in a race. WI1CTI, W1AOI, and W1BHM have written the SCM to tell of their route plans which should cover Conn. with some “red-hot” traffic av- enues. More definite route data will be published next month. WI1TD will resume his schedule with XI

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ViIAUK, W pm on M Boston when the latter returns to WIVE is dividing his time be- 0 ke. (20 meter) and 3500 ke. (80 1d promises to have a number of nth. WI1ASD has a schedule with Monday, Wednesday and Fri- GMD and WSBS. WI1AMG was birthday with a radio stag party WICPV, WIFT and WIATN. a large evening. WIPE re- on the 3500 ke. (80 meter) been doing his good turn daily W1AOX can hardly wait to make 1 luck, OM. WIVB is vacationing. was ry slow ha tart up again in October. WICTI has ?) ther month. WI1ZL will wilds al ha MK 554, hae As He eceiver 1ion Ave., South Norwalk. He will (80 meters) as soon as he gets his W1BM states that he has had his tion. We have missed him and wel- WIBJK has been busy with the engineering. WIBNS expects to shortly. W1MK reports that improved generally. ‘Parmenter r schedule with the Carnegie and ir YL operator, W10S, hopes to be return from October 3. WI1AFB has been splendid DX. He always seems to ndle a goodly amount of traffic, too. schedules with W3QP, W1AMZ has built a new TP-TG trans- ne welcomes WIBVB, exSCM of Conn. WIiAFB 95, W1ASD 30, WIVE WI1AMC 17, WI1TD 14, WIAMG 20, W1BI-W1BQH 6, WI1VB 4. 4 N RRL ng landed Fred Best, W1BIG—The SCM wants faine gang for the splendid support election, and promises in the coming two Nuff sed! W1BIG, the traffic handlers th. W3ZF, W3BJM, and WS8EU some fine traffic, most of which the Communications Dept. at HQ a mighty fine total this month, he is on the trail of an ORS. his ORS appointment, is fly right and left. WIAAV fine total. He says he has the recent over bigger lid in the past. bration, heads traffic ) outfit and that practically all reports control. W1AUR has a fine outfit 4000 ke. (75 meters). He is inter- SNR and plans to attend drills with coming fall and winter. FB, OM. busy with his Chevvy sales business, handle a grand total and he is setting will win AOL for other ORS. Mrs. W1AJC sent lividual report. Hitherto, she has with the OM. Congratulations on ir ORS appointment, OW. WIAIT total as Mrs. W1IAJC but when I suppose he shall gain the head of re WI1AQL reports that the Queen have its yearly outing soon. the clam chowder eating year. The SCM is again pulling WIAJC trails the OW. That's we know how it is when the OW at the set. Hi. W1AQD turned Official Observer report as well as tal. His work is mighty important ild like to hear from other hams and who will give the time to OO in his final report. He is fall. We sure hate to see OM, for you sure were a livewire. +, OM. WIBFZ trails the gang this always though, but when the traffic man, it usually goes hard with to nds this 80, 55. WIKQ 48, WICDX 30, WIAAV W1ANH 18, Mrs. WIAJC 12, 9, WIAJC 8, W1AQD 8, WIBAY SCM, V. W. Hodge, WIATJ— increased the traffic total. Many be on the air soon as N.H. sure a fine traffic year. WIBFT handled toots on the trombone. WIIP has ; transmitter and is all set for traffic. ady afer a nice vacation. WI1AUY in for traffic. WIAUE is doing a handling his share of traffic. 15,000 has claimed WI1AEF for a_ while. his first report. He will be at SCM will be glad to hear The who haven't already re. stations N.H.U. this fall. from , any new rted. po Trafiic: WI1AUE 175, WIBFT 73, W1IP 53, WIBLA 8, WIAEF 8, WIATJ 3. WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS—SCM, J. A. Tess- mer, W1UM—The fishing season, YLs and other out- door sports (hi) have sure put the crimp in the reports this month. WI1APL’s murder-cycle is still cycling. W1ASU spent the week with WI1AOF and says the Berkshires are sure fine business for Ozone, and wants the gang to know that there will be much doing at the club this coming season. W1A says that he is out of circulation with the mumps— and how! WI1BKQ is accumulating some dust. Too much steam in the rooms. WIBVR will be on ap- prox. 7800 ke. (38-39 meters) during school vaca- tions. W1AMZ has schedules with WI1AMC and W3BPH at 7 and 7:30 pm Mon. and Wed. _WI1AOF QSO’d fq-40C, connecting husband in Africa with his wife in Northfield. W1HL is visiting Worces- ter again. New QRA is care of Amrad, 205 College Ave., Medford, Mass. W1AWW has been on a fishing trip, taking his portable, W1OF along with him. He reports many successful QSO’s and a nice time in general. Traffic. W1AMZ 68, WI1AOF 67, WIAPL 6, WI1ASU 4, WIAJK 1, WIBKQ 1. VERMONT—SCM, C. A. Paulette, WiIT—Well, gang, here is the first report that I have the pleasure of giving you. Thanks, Charles OB, for the com- pliments in the last report and I surely will try to fill the job. W1AOO, our chief RM, takes the cake this month with a total of 162, very good work OB for summertime. W1AJG is to be our Vermont broadcast station for Vermont news only. W1AJG is operating on both 7000 ke. (40 meters) and 3500 ke. (80 meter) bands. WIBCK is the only other man to report this month in this section and he re- ports that he had his transmitter at Camp Weeks, Fort Ethan, Vt., while National Guard encampment was held there and reports many QSO’s. Well, boys, I don’t blame you for laying off during the summer but let’s get at it soon and show up this old state a little bit this winter. What say? Traffic: W1AOO 162, W1IAJG 3, WIBCK 2. RHODE ISLAND—WI1BDQ has QRM from work. WICKB cannot seem to get any traffic on 15,000 ke. (20 meters) so will try 7500 ke. (40 meters). WI1AWE got back from Canada but his traffic i small. Has QSO’d EM, EN, SB, SC, EG, though since he got back. W1MO built a new 15,000 ke. (20 meter) transmitter this month, W7PX was a visitor at his shack, but 1MO wasn’t at home. Traffic: WIAWE 5, W1MO 6. EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS—SCM, E. L. Bat- tey, WIUE—W1ADM, WI1AHV, W1YC and W1CMZ are on the inactive list for awhile. WISL is being eancelled for failure to report and WI1ON for in- activity. WIBIX, W1AZE, W1CQ and WIBBT are in line for ORS. FB, OMs, but it means real work. WICRA leads us in traffic this month. WIBVL re ports station W1KX operated by Consolidated Lamp Co., Danvers and wants the gang to look for him from there. WI1ABZ has been at summer camp in Maine. WIWYV has rebuilt per August QST. WIRF is working lots of DX these days. WIKY had a visit from W3ZF and WS8EU. Any of the fellows having dope on electrolytic rectifiers should get in touch with WIRY as he wants some. WI1AKS and W1VZ keep Chatham on the map. WI1ACA is with us again and reports working eg-2BM on 15,000 ke. (20 meters). W1LM says everything flat except USNR. WINV worked EM and EF on 15,000 ke. (20 meters). A ham-to-be-soon, Fred Black, and W1UE spent two weeks vacation at Ellsworth, Maine and visited W1HB several times. WIPB is to be mar ried very soon. Good luck, OM. WIBDV will be back in Salem after summering at York Beach late in Sept. W1ADM has landed a job with a _ talking- movie machine company and will travel extensively installing the outfits. Watch for him signing “SX” from some ‘six’ or ‘seven’. Hi W1JM is start- ing up now with a 210 and Kenotrons. W1IAPK says very QRW work; he also operates occasionally at WIBIX. W1ACH, WIAAW and WINK report as usual. WI1KH spent two weeks in Maine. W1COZ a new ham, reported by WIBBT in his town. W1ATO is now located in Quincy and has a FB location. WI1RL has been trying to get lined up for Naval Reserve cruise but trouble always arises with the boat. WI1SB is rebuilding anticipating a busy winter. Traffic: WICRA 62, W1ACH 49, WIBIX 35, WIKY 19, W1LM 18, WIRF 16, WIBDV 15, W1ACA i, WIRY 10, WIKH 9, WIBBT 8, WIUE 7, WIWV 8, WINV 4, WIAPK 3, WIBVL 2, WIAAW 1. QS T FOR OCTOBER 1928 is

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re- LA at- MZ ing in- are NORTHWESTERN DIVISION Once, the SCM, R. W. Wright, W7PP—W7MF is en the air regularly at Medford and is also holding skeds. WT7AIX will be back on the air sometime in September. W7ABH has turned com- mercial and is now operator on the S.S. Lakina (WNB). W7GQ, by holding a sked with TAY who is in Alaska, keeps the folks at home in communica- tion with him. WT7HV has a_ 1929 transmitter going now and says its FB. WT7UN rates the BPL this month and is also high man for this section again. Let’s have some real reports next month fellows. Fall is here and with 1929 coming on, surely there is more activity than is apparent from the few reports received. Traffic: W7UN 205, W7MF 127, W7AJZ 35, W7EH 26, W7GQ 16. MONTANA—SCM, O. W. Viers, W7AAT—W7DD says he’s QRD the N.W. Division Convention and the station will be silent except for the OBS which will be sent on regular schedule time by the second op. WT7EL went through the Yellowstone Park and hopes to be on again soon. Y7ZU says he has been experimenting with Lecher Wires and standing waves. W7JC the new active Billings station for- merly of Portland, Ore., went west, no not out but stopped in on W7ZU, W7EL and some of the gang in the western part of the section. W7HP was inactive from Miles City but handled a few from the SCM’s layout while making a short visit. The voice of WT7AAT (the little M.G.) will now be heard from W7HP this winter. W7AAW handled a few on 14 mec. (20 meters) and hopes to be on 28 me. (10 meters) in the near future. W7AAT did a lot of experimenting—not with radio but with the motor- cycle he bought from W7FL. W7AHG, one of the three Red Lodge hams will be departing for col- lege this fall but may set up at Bozeman with W7ZU and W7FL. WT7AFP hopes to be on full blast soon. Several new prospects have shown up in Red Lodge and near by so this part of the sec- tion ought to be voiced on the air quite regularly this coming season. More reports must show up next month or several QSK’s will be the result. WT7HP has been appointed the new RM for Mon- tana, so give him your cooperation, boys. Traffic: W7AAW 36, W7DD 24, I'TAAT 9. WASHINGTON—SCM, Otto Johnson, W7FD—All hands attended the annual Northwestern Division Convention at Seattle Aug. 31 and Sept. Ist. Mr. Huber from headquarters made quite a hit with the gang, especially the YL portion. Hi. The trip to NPC at Keyport will probably result in some im- proved transmitters about the district. W7TX is still the most consistent traffic station. W7LZ is trying out a 250 watter. W7ACS at Tacoma is a new ORS. Many of the gang are returning from Alaska and will be on again shortly. The fall sea- son will bring out many hams with new and better stations. Traffic: W7TX 54, W7ACS 52, W7ACB 28, W7BR 26, W7ACA 4. _ ALASKA—SCM, W. B. Wilson, WWDN—Alaska is losing many of her amateur stations due to close of fishing activities for the season. K7ABE, K7HL, K7JR and VOQ are still with us, however. Traffic = runs heavy. All VOQ traffic is relayed via ham radio. gees K7HL 205, K7JR 198, K7ABE 188, VOQ PACIFIC DIVISION OS ANGELES—SCM, D. C. Wallace, W6AM— Five station make the BPL this month. W6CUH’s total jumping up to 627 which is FB. W6ZBJ, W6CHA, W6UJ, W6DOW also make the BPL. W6ZBJ handled a lot of traffic for ex W6CLV at sea. W6CHA has been handling messages from K6BQH and his YL. He is now the proud possessor of an 852 jug. W6UJ, one of our newer ORS’s, keeps some good skeds. He says W6CEX is organizing a ham club in Monrovia and figures on the El Monte hams joining with them. W6DOW says his sked with op- 1CM is what helped him to make the BPL. W6CQP sends in a very good report. W6QL just worked eg- 5MS on 14,000 ke, (20 meter band), his first EG. He handled some traffic from W6AX who says he is having a fine time eating Mr. Dole’s pineapples and sends 73 to the gang. W6ABK has just built a 1929 Hi C transmitter and it works good. W6DMG kept no skeds but had a good total nevertheless. W6DXK has been on 15,000 ke. (20 meters) for the past week and handled some traffic on that band. QS T FOR OCTOBER 1928 W6AEC sends in a good report. W6DKV had visitors from Utah, also K6AVL. W6DSG promises that his total will be better from now on. W6AGR is work- ing over a transmitter to 1929 circuit. W6CNJ has been experimenting with low power Hi C circuit and it seems FB. W6BRO will be on the operating staff of the ARRC booth at the Los Angeles Radio Show Beautiful. W6ALR has been busy in radio business building transmitters and BCL sets to order, W6BVM got R7 from FO with 30 watts input. W6CHT re- seived an R8 report from OA while using a single 210. W6AKD has been trying out 28 mc. (10 meter) band. W6BJX reports W6QU is buying up junk to get back on the air. W6COT is planning to over- haul the whole set for 1929. W6AOS is going to be one of our ORS and sends in a good report. W6EEB is rebuilding for 1929. W6ASM has charge of the operators of the ARRL-ARRC booth at the Los Angeles Radio Show station, W6PS. He will be assisted by W6DJY. W6QF furnished the sets. W6CAG is back again with renewed interest and would like some skeds to keep pounding brass. W6DHR is now working in a radio store. W6DEG spent the month rebuilding. W6CZT had a nice % hour chat with sj-5BA which came in fine on the loud speaker. W6CBD is rebuilding receiver shield grid as per “Radio”. W6BHR QSO’s NZ and Australia. W6BZC will be back on by the time of the Radio Show. W6PY is doing some rebuilding and QRW work. He visited K6CFQ and K6CDU. W6CZU visited W6CQP at Bal- boa Beach and says he has a real 1929 transmitter with 852 tube. W6BZR is off the air until his 50 gets back from W6EX. W6DGT is getting his set ready for 1929 wave bands. W6AKW is still busy haying but will want skeds soon. The new Foothill High Frequency Club of Arcadia writes us telling of what the club is doing. They have been challenged to a “miles per watt” contest by the Pasadena Short Wave Club. W6ZZD reports that 14 me. (20 meter) and 28 mc, (10 meter) sigs have been very scarce the past few weeks. Had one QSO on the latter wave. W6LJ was in charge of the six transmitters and receivers working the NARA National Air Races. There were 2000 planes and $350,000 spent on this affair. The ARRC supplied the transmitters and receivers and they had special waves and special calls for 10 days. Notices have been mailed out to all the Los Angeles Section an- nouncing the quarterly ARRL Banquet Sept. 12th, 8 pm in the Chamber of Commerce Bldg., Los Angeles. This banquet is being put om by the ARRC of Los Angeles and promises to be a real live meeting. The ARRC has a membership of 82 members and is one of the peppiest clubs in existence. The ARRC is also handling the booth at the Los Angeles Radio Show Beautiful and plan on handling lots of traffic from there. The Associated Radio Amateurs of Long Beach continue with their good meetings on the second and last Monday nights of the month. They usually meet at Washington School, although some of the meetings are at the homes of the various mem- bers. Traffic: W6CUH 627, W6ZBJ 344, W6CHA 284, W6UJ 162, W6DOW 214, W6CQP 77, W6QL 73, W6ABK 71, W6DMG 87, W6DKX 35, W6DKV 29, W6DSG 28, W6AEC 30, W6AGR 22, W6AM 20, W6CNJ 17, W6BRO 15, W6ALR 14, W6BVM_ 13, W6CHT 13, W6AKD 10, W6BJX 10, W6COT 39, W6AOS 9, W6EEB 7, W6ASM 6, W6CAG 5, W6DHR - 5, W6DEG 3, W6DZT 2, W6CBD 2. EAST BAY—SCM, J, W. Frates, W6CZR—The high traffic totals of the section for the past several months dropped a bit during the past month due to the tremendous amount of work required by the coming Pacific Division Convention in Oakland Octo- ber 11, 12 and 13 at the Key Route Inn. However, four men made the BPL. W6CCT, one of the RMs of the section, landed at the head of the list after several weeks of strenuous effort. He accomplished the feat in spite of the fact that he is doing quite a bit of experimental work in television. Next month he has a television contest on with W6CTX and a traffic contest on with W6IP, the loser to buy the other a dinner and to receive the SCM’s Sockweiler as a consolation prize. W6IP made the BPL and is working on a series of Pacific Coast schedules to be known as the Gold Coast Limited. W6ALX again hit the BPL and is experimenting with a num- ber of transmitters. W6HJ, who also made the BPL, reports traffice not so good. He worked opl1HR 18 times and got only three messages. He accords the rag chewer championship to K7AER who claims he is the undefeated champion of Alaska. W6CTX is XIII

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spor new traffic organization to be known as t D t Hawks, composed of all traffic men who r total of over 50 messages a month and is } to keep W6CCT entertained by sending over the air by television. W6CZR mair keds with K6BQH and oplPW as part of a affic route that may extend to Rangoon, In and K6BQH double up on oplPW, one W6ASJ made his gett at the other misses. I traffic handler this month and has earned he Armenian through his ability to get 2 I d motor generator for $1. W6CGM ke. (40 meters), an 852 and no QRM planning to burn up his favorite fre- juer it band. He QSR’d a message from Wi rida to K6BQH in 30 minutes. W6BSB, ha ting the entire Pacific Division to the ! means of his 900 cycle Ultraudion. W keds but craves many. W6EBA also ma but as a traffic man but says he is iff a bad power leak and is going on sat ers) with fone as soon as he can ar modulate. Hi. W6COL reports meters) is again good for DX watter in the old Hartley every p.m. W6CLZ announces QRW with school and will only Sundays. W6RJ declares that forced to shut down on account of a : but hopes he can get relief soon. wel QRW with work but gets some time \ rX’s outfit. W6EDK is shooting out icasts by his automatic arrangement n connection with the convention. W neord set an example for everybody by r minutes at his transmitter in order traffic report in bare. W6CDA has Ipitts, but hopes to get xtal control TM says the 852 went west, the 500 was sold and he has come down to 110 and slop again. W6IT handled but is keeping a sharp lookout on as official observer. W6BUX is i, with the aid of W6BJD, is get- with a 210 from Asia, Australia W6CUG and W6PU are plan- f 28 me (10 meter) tests. W6AMI Danish boat, OZP, off the Mexi- EDX is one of the new entries into The section monthly dinner meeting past month at the Florence Cafe ering around the convention, 28 n and new traffic routes. The Oa Club has secured its new caps for the blue overseas cap with gold edg- lettering on the side. The Central ( Club had reorganized after the summer holding weekly meetings. I W6CCT 217, W6IP 184, W6ALX 116, W6H Wé6CTX 78, W6CZR 63, W6ASK 35, W6CGM V6BSB 21, W6EDX 18, W6EDS 18, W6SR 14, ¥ W6COL 13, W6CLZ 9, W6RJ 6, W6IM iv W6DTM 3, W6BZU 2, W6CDA 2, W6IT ARA VALLEY—SCM, F. J. Quement, wen MM had his biggest message total this mor though in the middle of summer with QRN peak, his signals continue to break } 1HR with clocklike regularity. With a g f 450, 308 of which were delivered, W6AMM ld stand near the top in the BPL this mont yne of the messages were to and from the an 8000 mile jump. W6BMW re- port low due to no reliable schedules, his cryst | transmitter is on 7800 ke. (38.5 met V6GBAX leads the section in low power wor 15 watts into a 201A, EG, OA and Sc d. W6ALW lost his aerial this month n ¢ and next his filter went out. W6N AZ and W6KG were on 28 me. (10 met * the month but with very little DX. Wé6I resumed his sked with op-1AU begin- ning und his total should reach about 250 mor BNH is planning on using 28 me. (10 I AMM 450, W6BMW 18, W6BHY 17, W6BA W6ALW 3, W6NX 3. AT CM, D. B. Lamb, W6ANO—W6BJF ma L, with 86 deliveries. His traffic total nic lerably this month. W6BJF’s antenna wa a hich wind storm which hit Phoenix, WéCI his outfit to Nat'l. Guard Camp at Fort H which boosted his traffic total. He kept schedule with W6BJF during his two weeks stay, The storm also wrecked W6BWS’s antenna and rain finished the job. His YL is in Kansas for the sum. mer hence the large traffic total W6EAA has been having trouble trying to get DC out of the soup. W6AZM says the mercury arc is still going strong. W6ANO’s transmitter is working FB. W6BHC re ports no more high voltage burns received from his 3000 AC on an 852. W6DIB is still at Marmon Lake on vacation. W6SW went to the coast on a business trip. W6EFC is working for the Coca Cola Soda Co. His transmitter is working FB. W6CAP is on every morning with a good wallop. Traffic: W6EAA 42, W6BWS 146, W6CDU 148, W6BJF 149, W6BHC 4, W6ANO 41, SAN DIEGO—SCM, G. A. Sears, W6BQ—W6AJM leads this month again with a fine total. W6BYZ is back on the air again and makes the BPL, with his delivered messages. W6BQ is not on the road so much and will have more time for traffic in the future. W6BAM reports much improved conditions at his station. W6DNS reports a fine QSO with sc- 1AI recently. By the way, gang, he has a push pull oscillator that is doubling in output with same input as one tube. W6BZD reports helping W6BZE get started again with a 744 watter and Zepp. antenna W6FP reports very regularly and will have skeds again when the fishing season is over at Arrowhead Lake. Hi. W6BAG is back from his vacation. W6BFE reports static bad at Tustin. W6BGL says will send in his application for ORS soon. He re- ports regularly and we need an ORS at Escondido. Shoot it along, OM. W6QY sticks tight on 14,120 ke. (21 meters). W6AKQ will be back from his cruise soon and QRV traffic. W6OX is selling out and devoting his time to photography. WSBWI also wants to sell out. W6DOB and our old friend Button were in San Diego recently on leave. W6CEV writes that he is now in Vancouver and will be going to Ketchikan, Alaska soon with the Radiore Company. Traffic: W6AJM 606, W6BYZ 106, W6BQ 44, W6BAM 31, W6DNS 25, W6BZD 10, W6FP 8, W6BFE 8, W6BAG 6, W6BGL 3. SACRAMENTO VALLEY—SCM, C. F. Mason, W6CBS—tThis report by radio via W6CIS and W1MK. The SCM is on vacation and the report is rather slim. The Sacramento Radio Club is operating W6SC at the State Fair Sept. Ist to 8th. Several stations are becoming active as fall is here. W6EET, the high school station, is back on. W6CIS is moving to San Francisco so will be off for a few weeks. Traffic: W6CDC 15, W6DGQ 16, W6DON 5, W6CIS 269. NEVADA—SCM, C. B. Newcombe, W6UO—The re- port this month just includes the traffic figures so guess the stations didn’t give much account of them- selves. Traffic: W6U0O 61, W6CHG 30, W6LB 6. PHILIPPINES—Acting SCM, J. E. Jiminez, op- 1AT—Via Radio—op1HR keeps schedules with ac- 8ZW, (Shanghai, China), W6HJ, (Vallejo, Calif), ac- 2AB (Tientsin, China), W6AMM (San Jose, Calif.), op-1RC (Cavite, P. I.), ac-2MO (Hsinho, China) daily. Traffic is handled through op-1HR to NU, OH, AC, AM, OD, AN and locals. op-1CM_ keeps daily schedules with W6DOW, W6AJM and W7MF. op-1DR and op-1AE test on 28 me. (10 meters) Saturdays and Sundays. Schedules are kept with op-1AH and op- 1HR. Traffic: op1HR 837, op1CM 711, op1DR-op1AE 3238. HAWAII—SCM, F. L. Fullaway, K6CFQ—This is our poorest month so far, fellows. Very few fel- lows sent in a report. Let’s not let it happen again. We are losing operators very rapidly now. Wier of K5AVL and Hoover of K6DEY have left and Lewellen of K6BOE is leaving. K6DEY is now op on KFDT, the SS Calawaii. W6AX has been in our midst. He spent several days with Forest K6DTG at Schofield. K6ADH makes the BPL again. Guess he feels lonely as the SCM couldn’t keep him company but BPL and bellhopping don’t mix. K6CFQ handled 127 messages in a week then went to work so had to QRT. K6DJU hooked VOQ, the Morrissey, in Arctic waters. It was 82 below freezing at VOQ and 83 above at K6DJU. K6DPG put up a new Zepp and sure steps out with it. K6CLJ is starting on 28 me. (10 meters). He keeps a sked with eg-2NH every day. K6DUC is still in the Army. He says the Colonel] liked his good looks and picked him as an orderly. Traffic: K6ADH 173, K6CFQ 127, K6DJU_ 15, K6DPG 30, K6LJ 2. QS T FOR OCTOBER 1928 stat mal on ' it’s hen set 112. and han on stat mut stag 10 : Con hik« in ws sec! of reb: at wel tior hay eas sta sig

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tay, rain um- oup. ong. - Tre wae ROANOKE DIVISION IRGINIA—SCM, J. F. Wohlford, W3CA—W3EC V is leaving for the Philippines but intends to open up on the other side or consolidate with some ham station over there. (Look up opl1CM,—SCM). W3ASC makes application for ORS certificate. Is working on the 14,000 ke. (20 meter) band some now and says it’s FB. W3AAJ just returned from a vacation trip, hence report a little short on traffic; however, the old set is getting out. W3ALS is getting out with a 112-A and 135 volts having worked all districts. W3ANV has been off the air on account of sickness and mast blown by wind storm. He reports two new hams in his vicinity—W3AVL and W3BY. W3BZ is on vacation and business, also built and rebuilt his station. W3CA working TP-TG circuit now but not much time for radio now. W3BDZ mounted a two stage W9DXY short wave receiver in metal cabinet 10 x 10 x 12 inches, including space for the batteries in this cabinet so he can take the junk along on trips in the car. Traffic: W3EC 41, W3ASC 3, W3AAJ 4, W3ALS 24. W3CA 6. WEST VIRGINIA—SCM, C. S. Hoffman, WSHD— WS8APN, WS8CSR and WS8VZ went to the Columbus Convention. The car broke down and they had to hike 100 miles to meet the gang. WSCLQ leads again in traffic, keeping five commendable schedules. WSDCM kept a schedule with WS8DLD for 22 con- secutive nights, besides working eight countries. WS8BJB is going to leave us, to be on at WSCAU, U. of Cincinnati. WSALG reported to be elaborately rebuilding. WS8DPO complains about no DX—only a twice-a-week schedule with Hawaii. Hi. Glad to welcome WSDNN into the ranks of ORS. Cancella- tions of ORS’s during the month: W8VJ, WS8ADI. The SCM welcomes the gang at Wheeling and hopes many can make the trip up this summer. Traffic: WS8CLQ 113, WS8BJB 43, WS8DCM 11, W8sDPO 24, WSAPN 2, WSHD 2. NORTH CAROLINA—SCM, R. S. Morris, W4JR— W4AEW has applied for ORS appointment. W4TS sold his entire outfit but says he will be on soon with a brand new one. W40C was visited by W4LU, W4WA and W4WG. W4TO has plenty of traffic as a result of good schedules over the state. W4VH is beginning to recover from his summer slump. W4AHI has been off due to the death of his grandmother. W4UB is a new station at Lexington. W40OH re- built his set into a cabinet. W4ADJ says his fingers are beginning to itch for the key again. W4RI is rebuilding. W4JR got a first class commercial ticket as a result of a trip to Atlanta. W4AB has moved to Winston-Salem. Traffic: W4TO 114, W40C 37, W4AEW 32, WiVH 19, W4TS 4, W4JR 4. ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISION OLORADO—SCM, C. R. Stedman, WICAA— W9ENM and W9CAW have asked that their ORS be cancelled as they are leaving for the east coast the first of Sept. We are surely sorry to lose these two, as they have been two of the most con- sistent stations in the section. W9CAA has installed a pair of rectobulbs and a new filter will soon go on also. W9CSR is still using 15,000 ke. (20 meters) exclusively but hopes to be on 7500 ke. (40 meters) a little soon. W9CDW won a UX210 at the Rocky Mountain Division convention at Pueblo and will be on with 15 watts from now on. W9CCM is back on the air after a 2 month’s vacation and is working them all on 7500 ke. (40 meters). W9DKM is moving and may leave the state to go to Calif. in a few weeks, W9OND is cussing a new power line which has just been run past his window. He will change his QRA shortly and be back on the air. W9BQO can’t seem to mx YLs and radio. W9ERN has been spend- ing the summer in Denver but will return to Boulder shortly, taking his station with him. W9DQV has been handling quite a bit of traffic. W9EAM says business and radio don’t mix very well if you sell gas, but he is getting away with it. W9DGJ and W9BYC have started work for the phone company. W9FUY at Colorado Springs takes the honors for traffic. W9CDE keeps two schedules’ going although his time on the air is quite limited. W9ENM is can- celling all of his schedules on account of going to the east coast. Walter Van Arsdale is buying everything in sight and as soon as he gets enough to build a station, will apply for a license. W9DQD has re- signed his ORS and OBS and is closing down in Sept. As W9DQD and W9ENM have resigned their places as Official Observers, and official Broadcast Stations QS T FOR OCTOBER 1928 for this section, the SCM would be glad to receive applications for the job. W9CLD has rebuilt his station. W9CJC is putting in crystal, Traffic: W9FUY 133, W9BQO 6, W9ENM 54, W9CAA 20, W9DQV 27, W9IDQD 2, W9CLD 28. UTAH-WYOMING—SCM, P. N. James, W6BAJ— Most of the activity for the month was by non-ORS. In the near future, inactive ORS will be cancelled and appointments given the active stations. Better report, gang, if you want to keep your certificates. The Salt Lake gang was glad to receive a visit this month from Mr. Huber from HQ. W6DPO, W6DPZ, W6DWD, W6DXE and W6AXA all attended the Rocky Mt, Division Convention at Pueblo. Look at W6DPZ’s total this month. Not so bad for a 201A with AC on the air 12 days! W6DPO tried to beat W6DPZ but couldn’t find enough traffic on the 7000 ke, (40 meter) band. W6DYE reports keeping a sked with portable W1ZZA for two months. During that time W1ZZA has traveled to the Grand Canyon, Yel- lowstone Park, Calif. and is now in Minnesota with the sked still going strong. W6RM left for Calif. on the Ist of Sept. where he will attend school. We all want to thank him for the good work he has done as SCM. W6RV has been out of town the last six weeks but is going to be on the air now. W6BVB just came on with a new 852 so we expect to hear something from him next month. Traffic: W6DPZ 129, W6BAJ 1. W6DPO 89, W6DYE 25, SOUTHEASTERN DIVISION LORIDA—SCM, C. E. Ffoulkes, W4LK—August F has been kind of hard with some of the gang. W4MS has his hand in a bandage but manages to work on his new shack. W4ABJ was knocked off his motorcycle and will be in the hospital for 10 weeks. He would appreciate hearing from any of the gang; his QRA is Pensacola Hospital, Pensacola, Fla. W4LK has had an infected right arm along with boils. Tough, OM. Sure glad to see W4ACC doing so well over in Tampa. He is a new ORS, too. Heard from W4AGY, an old timer, who is back on in Miami. W4NE handled a message and saved six months for the sender. Hi. W4HY is on now and then. W4BN handled a few skeds during a recent storm. W4TK can’t find any DX lately. W4AAO is rebuilding for the winter. W4BL is still on the Lakes. The SCM will be very glad to hear from any of the new hams in the state, so don’t be bash- ful, gang, but step right up. Hi. There will be quite a bunch of ops in the state this winter from the looks of things now. Traffic: W4ACC 206, W4AGY 30, W4NE 19, W4HY 6, W4BN 5, W40B 5, W4TK 3. GA.-S. C.—CUBA—SCM, H. L. Reid, W4KU— South Caro: W4EI is now on 7195 ke. (41.7 meters) with crystal control and has a beautiful signal. W4AAM has taken on a better half and claims he will do more work now as he can’t get out nights. Porto Rico: Sorry, fellows, that your report did not get in last month as the SCM has been laid up in the hospital and is just getting out again. We are counting on you this winter and we are sure you will do the trick. Georgia: W4SI is back from Europe where he had quite a time. The Atlanta gang is glad to have him back as W4SI is a good traffic man. There's not much activity due to vacations and the sort. Cuba:—The SCM would appreciate it if nq-2AY would communicate with him regarding his section line-up. Traffic: W4EI 14, W4AAM 7, W4KU 1, W4FN 84. WEST GULF DIVISION ORTHERN TEXAS — SCM, J. H. Robinson, \ W5AKN—The SCM attended the Rocky Moun- tain Convention at Pueblo, Colo., and certainly had a wonderful time, meeting some of the fellows with whom schedules are kept, also L. R. Huber from Headquarters. The SCM won the prize for being the ham coming the farthest to attend the convention. Fellows, don’t forget the West Gulf Convention to be held in Dallas early in October. We intend this to rival national conventions. W5ATZ kept schedules with W5AUE, W5AUG and W5LP. W5HY has a good line of schedules and is far ahead of the Dallas gang with his message report. W5BBF is using two 210’s that get him good re ports. W5BAD is keeping a sked with W5BBC. W5NW is still trying 28 XV W50E is on a vacation.

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399 the work. He heard W1SZ eeps a sked with sc-l1AlI. xmitter and hopes to on that fre- W5BDL is be an ORS using a portable set at Amarila for parts for a larger set to arrive. talling a mercury arc rectifier to ripplies from a 150 0 watt plate W5AAE is working on 1850 ke. (162 skeds with W5AWE yeen on vacation, also. c ATZ 75 W5APB 7, W5AHU 6, onvention ! N5AKN 2. EXAS—SCM, R. E. Franklin, x T SCM wishes to say that SCM in the full sense f service to you, don’t fail to call , fellows, let’s make this the livli- the wire ra ‘ ce n. South. There is sti stations. Houston is and W5BDT. Don’t forget . W5HY 53, W5BAD 12, W5NW W5AEK 4, he is going of the word ll some ORS getting back They have just organized a new ing a membership of twenty charter luck, OMs. The SCM had the sent at a meeting of the San An- lub while visiting in that city and find such fine amateur spirit. W5MS, timers, has just returned from the be back on the air soon on Wi >VY got married recently. Con- may all your troubles Ww /OX has a WE250 g and keeping some th Africa. FB, M. CANADA ONTARIO DIVISION M, W. Y. Sloan, VE9BJ—Southe rn n has another new station in VE3HB having a very good time since it was in July. VE3BV has rebuilt and the has a 1929 transmitter. VES3IA > ( ed to be. VESCS is re VE3CB says that and better DX if suc letely overhauling the \I 3 Vv be—but why oing on 7645 good skeds. the weather building that h is possible. station. Cen- tL. has been to Montreal, besides on 720 ke. (52.5 meters). VE3CL QRA apparently for the worse as d by a very busy BCL. VES3CQ is that seems to be stepping out. and VE3CJ are all on vacations. 2 new transmitter and has done some VES3BO is about the busiest in Tor- separate schedules on 6720 kc. VE3DY uses 5720 ke. 20 meters). E3FC has a car and finds little (52.5 meters) Northern Dist: VE3HP xcation but is back and busy again. * are on whenever possible on eters). 20. VE9AL 15, VE3HP 18, VE3BO ~j Vv I 1, VE3DY 1. VANALTA DIVISION OLUMBIA—SCM, E. VESBR says he is too busy with campus VESCT is on occasionally. VE5CO, VE5HK are silent in Victoria this wants to know why VE5GO failed iles and wants a regular station in handle traffic. VE5CO reports visits ) nd CM, E3EH 7, VESHB 6, VESBV 3, S. Brooks, W6DCA. Reports have it that to work somewhere aro yn a visit to the Queen City. The installing the transmitter in their snd hope to be on for the fall rush. ARRL Convention hel und Hudson's d last month proved a great success and a large were in attendance. The SCM had ( ) d the fun. Hi. QUEBEC DIVISION Alex Reid, VE2BE— We are in 1 and few stations are now heard We expect a revival in the fall. hams of this division are heard very good on DX. VE2AL is still very busy with his flying work but is occasionally heard on the 14,000 ke. (20 meter) band. VE2BB is very good on the 7000 ke. (40 meter) band and says BCLs are useless. VE2BG is now and then pounding away on the 14,000 ke. (20 meter) band and seems to be doing fine. VE2AE cannot get out now; he says his condensers will not stand the 1200 he plays with. VE2AQ has gone in the arctic for a long spell. VE2BH is still with the SS _ Beothic whose call is VYG working on about 10,000 ke, (30 meters). VE2AP has come down onto the 14,000 ke. (20 meter) band and thinks he will like it. VE2AV has also started chasing the ether waves in a plane. VE2CA has done good work on 14,000 ke. (20 meters) and the QRK’s he gets are worth having. PRAIRIE DIVISION ASKATCHEWAN—SCM, W. J. Pickering, VE4FC —Still another new station on the air VE4BR at North Battleford, who has been on the air for some time with a 210 but hasn’t been QSO anyone yet. Will the Sask. gang please listen for him on the 7000 ke. (40 meter) band? VE4GO at Canora has been on since spring with a 201A and is getting good results. VE4BM was QSO eg-2BQH and is getting out fine in his new location, Sintaluta, VE4GR is also kicking out fine now. VE4AO has his set installed at last. Traffic: VE4BM 2, VE4GR 2. MANITOBA—SCM, D. B. Sinclair, VE4FV—The gang are now installed in their new club rooms on the roof of the Free Press building and are col- lecting parts for the club station. The vacation season being over, we welcome back on the air, VE4DU; his sigs are large as life and twice as natural. VE4ADJ reports a satisfactory exploration of the 14,000 kc. (20 meter) band. VE4FV expects to get his 852 perking about the time the new regu- lations come into force. Hi. VE4EK is still burst- ing ear drums on 14,000 ke. (20 meter) and 7000 ke. (40 meter) band but says he is going to rebuild to a split colpitts, for his present set is very effi- cient at 1700 ke. (28 meters) only. VE4DB i getting out FB on 14,000 ke. (20 meter band), blew his rectifier the other day so is using AC till pay day. VE4GQ and VE4BT have the DX com- plex (or bug) and have each worn down their keys pretty well. VE4DK has his new plate glass TPTG perking well on 14,000 ke. (20 meters) and 7000 ke. (40 meters) and would be surprised to hear a report of less than RS. VE4ADP divides his time between cursing a bad power leak and listening for the elusive DX. VEA4CT is back in town with a brand new job and ambitious that lead us to ex- pect about 150 watts to pound out from QRA very soon. VE4DI has rebuilt TPTG and after some trouble with his milliammeter needle which wanted to become circular, has the rock crusher under con- trol at last. VE4GG sold his transmitter to VE4BT who had seen VE4GG reported from OZ. VEA4GG says he is building a bigger and better one now. VE4BU at Pointe du Bois has a new Jr. op at his shack and says now that the excitement is over, he will be back on the air, if he can hear from QRM (local). Very 73 to the Jr.. OM. VEA4DL also has a new YL Jr. op. Congrats, OM. VEANR is pounding away as usual on 14,000 ke. (20 meters) and 7000 ke. (40 meters). VE4HF gets on occasion- ally between his council meetings and wrestlings with his vintage flivver. VE4FN has recovered from the shock of his first DX (Hawaii) and is now looking earnestly for traffic. Traffic: VE4GQ 7, VEADL 2, VE4DB 2. Late and Additional Reports W6LB had a visit from W6BPR for two weeks. W6BXD says DX is FB with new remote controlled transmitter. W6APW rebuilt his outfit and is going after real DX. W6DPY built a 1929 transmitter and got OA and AJ the first morning. FB, OM. W6EAF has laid the foundation for a new radio room. W6DPK reported no news. W6BZR was off the air for s0 long, he almost forgot to report. He just got his 50 back from W6EX so ought to be on now. W1NH was very QRW so not much traffic. WI1EZ’s A batteries left him last month but he will be on with higher power soon. W8ZU has moved to Pittsburgh and will use the call 8ZU from there. WS8DSP is experiment- ing on television and W3XK came through FB. Traffic: W6LB 6, W6BXD 50, W6APW 33, W6DPY 7, W6EAF 4, W6DPK 4, W1EZ 47, W1NH 27, W8DSP 167. QS T FOR OCTOBER 1928

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4FC R at for yet. the has ting luta, The The Guiding Hand Hour after hour a graceful monoplane throbs across a vast ocean, searching a path from continent to continent through fog and storm. Like a mighty helping hand rising from the depths, radio points the way and keeps @ won- dering world informed. L:. tiny wires which constitute the radio apparatus are the unseen nerves which are sustaining the navigator of the air on his trackless route. They must respond in- stantly to every command. Without the radio apparatus, which is an essential part of every long distance plane, the conquest of the air would be impossible. Dependable magnet wire and coils are indispensable— for one failure—one short circuit—might mean dis- aster. Dudlo takes pride in its belief that in making copper wire products which stand the severest tests, it is contributing to man’s triumph over the elements. -O DUDLO MANUFACTURING COMPANY, FORT WAYNE, INDIANA Division of the General Cable Corporation 56 Earl Street ros W. Adams St. 4143 Bingham Ave. 274 Brannan St. NEWARK, N. J. CHICAGO, ILL. ST. LOUIS, MO. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. Say You Saw It In QS T It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

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Resistors | for _ Experimental Work | in Television Bradleyunit-B - you are doing experimental work in tele- vision, use Allen-Bradley resistors, both fixed and variable. Bradleyunit-B is the ideal fixed resistor for resistance-coupled amplifiers as plate- coupling resistors and grid leaks because: I. Resistance values are constant irrespec- ve of voltage drop across resistors. Distortion is thus avoided. 2 solutely noiseless, 3. No aging after long use. 4 lequate current capacity. i zged, solid-molded construction. 6. Easily soldered. Radiostat This remarkable graphite compression rheostat, and other types of Allen-Bradley graphite disc rheostats provide stepless, velvet-smooth control for scanning disc motors. Laboratory Rheostat Type E-2910 — for general laboratory service. Capacity 200 watts. Maximum current 40 am- peres. A handy rheostat for any laboratory. Write for Bulletins! ALLEN-BRADLEY CO., 277 Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. ‘ Allen-Bradley - L Allen-Bradley Sestenere f 66 I. A. R. U. News (Continued from Page 51) periods from which all amateur movements suffer occasionally. We are fortunate in having the codperation of wireless interests and a very cordial feeling exists between the Institute and the Post-Master General’s De- partment, which controls radio here, and were able to exert a considerable amount of influence on the delegate to the Washington Conference. “With the idea of indicating to the Federal Government the tremendous value that amateur radio could be in a time of national emergency, a test was organized a month or two ago which had for its object the delivery to the Chief of the Air Branch of the Defence Force a message which was relayed a distance of 8000 miles. The suc- cess of the scheme was greater than we had hoped for and the message was delivered word perfect after passing through eight stations spread throughout all States in a little under two hours. We are hoping that we may now obtain permission to form a Defence Auxiliary Force organized on the lines of that in existence in the United States. “Further experimental tests are in course of preparation by the Victorian Division with the object of contributing something towards clearing the air when the recom- mendations of the Washington Conference become effective in 1929. To stimulate in- terest in the tests two cups are to be awarded. The first will be for work in the 80- and 40-meter bands and will be won by the station which secures the most con- sistent number of QSO’s during the next twelve months, Points will also be allotted for technical details such as the condition of the log book, layout and design of the station and for the amount of amateur made apparatus. “The second cup will be awarded to the station or operator who can show the great- est development in ten-meter transmission and will run for a period of three months throughout August, September and October. “At the suggestion of the PMG’s Depart- ment a comprehensive sorting out was un- dertaken by the phone transmitters’ section and a number of absorption meters made by 3BY and calibrated by 3SW, each meter having a frequency separation of 20 ke. and being checked on a G.R. precision instru- ment. One of these meters was then allotted to each station applying for one and under- taking not to operate his transmitter before checking up on the official meter. “The success which the scheme undoubt- edly has met with we attribute entirely to the spirit which permeates amateur radio everywhere.” —W. G. Sones, Publicity Officer, W. I. A. ENGLAND Before going on to the regular monthly report of Mr. Brian Jay, we want to re- print part of a letter from Mr. H. Bevan Swift, Hon. Sec’y of the R.S.G.B., dealing with the new regulations in Britain. Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T ~ ao - Yr -~ Ex Spe “The be read Fabrike $6.00. special Examir

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ents e in ‘ests | the and t of rton the alue » of da ject nch was suc- had red geht hat ted Radio Operators! Are you prepared to use the new International “Q” signals which go into effect January 1, 1929? Do you know the correct procedure for obtaining a radio com- pass bearing as prescribed by the terms of the Interna- tional Radio Telegraphic Convention, effective January 1, 1929?—the right procedure when distress communi- cations are ended and silence is no longer necessary ?— what to do when you hear from a radiotelephone station the spoken expression Mayday? These Questions and Thousands More Are Answered In THE RADIO MANUAL A Complete Handbook of Principles, Methods, Apparatus for Students, Amateur and Comercial Operators, Inspectors By G. E. STERLING, Radio Inspector and Examining Officer, Radio Division, U.S. Dept. of Commerce. Edited by ROBERT S. KRUSE, for five years Technical Editor of QST. 16 Chapters Covering including, for first time in any text book description and circuit diagram of Western Electric Superheterodyne Re- Complete Preparation for Government License. Radio Broadcasting Equip- ment including, for the first time in any text book, the 1, Elementary Electricity and 9. Magnetism 2. Motors and Generators Storage Batteries and Charg- complete equipment of West- ern Electric 5 Kilowatt ceiver Type 6004C ing Circuits Theory and Application of broadcasting Transmitter 138. Marine and Aircraft Radio the Vacuum Tube used in over 75% of Ameri- Beacons and Direction Find- Fundamental Circuits Em- can broadcasting stations. ers. ployed in Vacuum Tube 10. Are Transmitters including 14. The Development of Amateur Transmitters description of Federal Marine Short Wave Apparatus. Com- Modulating Systems Em- 2 Kilowatt Arc Transmitter plete details of construction, ployed in Radio Broadcasting Type AM 4151; also models operation and licenses. Wavemeters, Piezo-Electric = oes 15. Radio Laws and Regulations Oscillators, Wave Traps and 11. Spark Transmitters includ- of the U. S. and Interna- Field Strength Measuring ing description of Navy tional Radio Telegraph Con- Apparatus Standard 2 Kilowatt Trans- vention. Quotations of all Marine Vacuum Tube Trans- mitter important sections mitters including detailed 12. Commercial Radio Receivers 16. Handling and Abstracting and Associated Apparatus Traffic description of Model ET-3626 Order On This Coupon JSG ae eee SSS SSF eB e eS SSS See eee wy Examine It Free - D. VAN NOSTRAND CO., INC., 8 Warren St., N. Y. 8 5 . s § Send me as soon ‘as published THE RADIO MANUAL ; or examination. fithin ten days after receipt I pecial Price Now § will either return the volume or send you $4.95.—The ; § special advance price. “The Radio Manual’”’ is now on the press and will 1 ' be ready shortly. Over 900 pages bound in flexible EE ee ee ee . Fabrikoid. Regular price after publication will be ' (QST 9-28) g $6.00. Orders received now will be accepted at the | OE BO oe ne ovecneeebeal 1 special advance price of $4.95. Send no money now. qv i Examine the book first. Pay or return in ten days. § City I a PS — Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q@ S T 67

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Pound wise—but Penny foolish « (| [TING the old, familiar adage turned around, but it applies to those radio fans who try to save a few pennies on their con- denser blocks. Building a socket- power device is an expensive prop- osition ~ and the condensers are the most vital parts in it. Cheap, under- sized conden- sers may look prettyinthecan —butthehuski- ness—the factor of safety isn’t there. You can bet on Dubiliers— true, you'll pay Type PL-574, specially Gostgned for T ae more for them Ratheon BH Gas type but they'll do Renr,cr thes EBM more and last Price $16.50 longer. DUBILIER LIGHT SOCKET AERIAL Yes sir, it works on your Set—or Money Refunded No need to be troubled with an outdoor antenna or lightning arrestors any more— simply plug in the Dubilier Light Socket Aerial—clear reception, less static and in- terference and plenty of volume. No cur- rent consumed. All good dealers sell it on a 5 day money-back guarantee. If your dealer is out of stock write to us. Free Cat g simpiy write CONDENSER CORPORATION 4377 Bronx Blvd. New York Reg U.S. Pat. Of, “You will no doubt be interested to know that the P.M.G. here has now made his de- cision regarding the British amateur licenses. The recommendations of this Society have been adopted as the main basis including the prohibition of r.a.c. and i.c.w. All amateurs will have the use of the 20-, 40- and 152-meter bands, while special per- mits will be issued to skilled amateurs the use of the 5- and 10-meter bands with in- creased power on the individual recom- mendation of the Society. The 75- to 85- meter band is being reserved for special ex- perimental work for which application must be made through the R.S.G.B. Considerable freedom is to be permitted in the character of messages, a-privilege not hitherto en- joyed in this country, while calibration waves are to be issued by the National Physical Laboratory for the benefit of amateurs.” The R.S.G.B. and British amateurs gen- erally are to be congratulated on this signal success; it represents real progress. And now to the regular report: “Conditions this month have been rather bad, even the 20-meter band being almost silent, but things seemed to be picked up towards the end of July. 2XV has been very QRW and also suffered from the bad conditions except for a few rare evenings when a few local NU contacts were made on 23 meters, but rapid fading was very preva- lent. 5ML reports no DX except R8 reports from local Nu districts. He claims first contact with the Canadian 5th district. FB OM. This station was more successful than most and one morning in two hours on 20 was QSO nu-6AJM, 6DLW, 7FE, 7AIJ, and ne-4FV, 4DQ and 5CP. A good two hours’ work OM! 5BY says DX is rotten, only R8 from East Coast U.S.A. and R6 from Chile. He asks that if any of the 54 NU 6th and 7th district stations he worked have not received his card will they let him know and he will be pleased to send another. 5BY has confirmation of a QSO with a j-1AW, the first Europe-Japan contact. 5BZ has worked SC three times and 15 Nu’s in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 8th districts. He is ex- eg2BQH and is QRV any of the NU gang he corresponded with under that call. 6CI like most people found conditions bad. He is WAC now with only ten watts input to a fifty watter, with a considerable increase in efficiency resulting. 6DH, Britain’s youngest ham, has done no DX but is busy listening on ten meters, having heard nu8ALY and nu2BGC and eul5RA on this wave. gc6WL raised three NU’s on 5 watts recently and 5PH also had QSO on this power. 5WK got R5 from sc three times with 10 watts; 2NH is working NU almost nightly but has not had any real DX this month. Most other London hams are not so fortunate. 6QB now has a fifty watter, which he is operating well under its rated power input. (They all do that at first. Hi! —A.L.B.) 6PP had a report of his signals being heard in New Zealand, with only 5 watts, —K. E. Brian Jay eg-2HJ.” 68 Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T IN On ea ing th denser witho plates. A lars tensio! sures HI Both | hard h tion b ducing ly sha in ca low ca at the SPoeses r= Co | Ss 2. 27, 3°S8 S52 Ss.e2> "7 & at aw oe me CS SBSatrSeosw.s "3s

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st i- al d ~ “S o_O = es. FH fe @ all EXTRA —_—_$_$___ THE @EDNEWS EXTRA VOL. I OCTOBER NO. 1 1928 41929 CONDENSER FOR TUNING HIGH FREQUENCIES ~~ ~ RADICALLY NEW! Radio Engineering Labs. Special Dispatch— | A new variable condenser with outstanding features never before employed in condenser manufacture has now been perfected by REL. These condensers have been expressly designed for High Frequency Receivers and Low Power Transmitters and are being presented at prices which vary but little with those of present type standard makes. Amateurs cannot over- look these incomparable condensers which embody many salient features. DIE CAST ALUMINUM END SUPPORT casting is used to support the It is of wide spread design vibrations which may be proper. cornered die main parts of the condenser. to insure against any panel transmitted into the condenser LARGE SINGLE BEARING (Patent Pending) A very uniquely designed rotor shaft bearing which has conical fittings on either end to insure against side thrust movements of the shaft. INSULATED STAND OFF BUSHINGS A rigid three On each of the three projectin,, points on the die cast- ing there is mounted an insuiated bushing. These con- densers may, therefore, be mounted on metal panels without directly grounding either the rotor or stationary plates. ROTOR TENSION ADJUSTMENT A large three finger bronze spriaz is used to control the tension at which the rotor plates are revolved. It as- sures positive, even action for the complete rotation. HEAVY BRASS CONDENSER PLATES Both the stator and rotor plates are stamped of extra hard heavy brass sheets. By using heavy material, vibra- tion between plates is eliminated and, therefore, also re- ducing microphonic actions. The stator plates are special- ly shaped so as to give absolute true curves when used in calibrated measuring instruments. Previous, every low capacity condenser usually showed distinct variations at the points where the stator plates supports appeared. PATENTED ROTARY PLATE CONTACT This new patented feature will be found only in the new REL condensers. It is the only method of securing abso- ite positive contact to the rotor plates. Springs, ball bearings, pig tails or any other friction devices allow ho comparison with this method This special contact employs mercury. The rotor shaft continuously revolves By thus gaining a perfect contact, in ultra high ina pool of mercury. the mechanical friction noises experienced frequency receivers can be easily overcome. The use of these condensers in Amateur Receivers and Low Power Transmitters will be practically obligatory when the new nar- row bands become effective, January, 1929. A pamphlet describing their use in various circuits is yours for the asking. ADJUSTABLE MAXIMUM CAPACITY The condensers are so designed that they may be ad- justed to any small maximum capacity. The single sta- tionary plate may be moved away from the rotor plate so as to cover a very small capacity band. In this man- ner, the tuning range of a receiver may be designed to cover only the exact frequency desired, another feature never before offered. STANDARD SHAFT * diameter shaft takes any present day dial condenser is designed for rear panel A standard 4 or knob. The mounting. These new REL condensers require a panel space of ap- proximately 4% x 414”, the depth of which varies with the type and capacity of the particular model used. REL catalog No. 181 is a two-plate variable condenser which is so arranged that the stator plate may be moved away from the rotor plate so that any desired maximum capacity may be obtained. This condenser will lend it- self readily to high-frequency receivers, transmitters and measuring devices, REL catalog No. 187 is a combination semi-fixed tank and condenser. This model is so arranged that a com- paratively large semi-variable air spaced condenser is shunted by a continuously variable two plate condenser. In some receiving and transmitting high frequency cir- cuits, it is always desirable to employ a certain amount of capacity across the inductance. However, it is also desirable to only use a very small portion of that capacity for the actual tuning. The tank portion of the above condenser may be set at a certain desired capacity and then the variable element can be used to cover only the exact frequency band de sired. The single stationary plate may also be shifted similar to the two plate model catalog No. 181. under the new narrow-band ruling. will be announced in QS7’S next issue. This is the second announcement of new equipment of vital importance to the amateur The above apparatus is so new that we were not able to have cuts made before going to press. For your own sake—Don’t Miss Them! Radio Engineering Laboratories, 100 Wilbur Ave., Long Island City, N.Y. More apparatus now being manufactured Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

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FROST RADIO FROST- RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST: i FROST-RADIO | New Data Book Now Ready T ew Frost-Radio 16 page Data B ist off the press, is ready for n ge. It contains a great deal of vah information regarding cir- t also technical data on rheo- ariable high resistances, filter ers, ete. We have aimed to this a complete authoritative f interest to every reader of Write for your copy today, in- 10c to cover cost of postage iling. Also contains full in- n on the new Frost-Radio r 1928. HERBERT H. FROST, INC. Main Office and Factory Elkhart, Indiana Chicago New York City FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST- RADIO FROST-RADIO 1soud Otavi-1soud Olav4.1s0N) Clave -1sous O1aV-1S0uN) Olav¥-.soud Clave HERBERT H. FROST. Inc. 160 North La Salle Street, Chicago return mail your NEW 16-page Data Book Sebensoeees re FROST RADIO FROST RADIO FROST-RADID FROST-RADIO FXOST- TELEVISION although still in an experimental stage, has now advanced sufficiently to enable amateurs to build outfits that will give edifying results. Write today for our price list of television apparatus. Photo Electric Devices, Inc. 594 Fifth Avenue Brooklyn, N. Y. ALWAYS UP-TO- DATE Issued quarterly,March, June, September and December. Single copies U.S.and Canada | $1.00 (Foreign $1.10.) Yearly | subcription $3.25 (Foreign $3.50.) and Commercial Stations from 83 different countries. Radio AmateurCall Book Amaté 508 So. Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill., U.S.A. GERMANY “During the month of July, receiving conditions were very poor due to strong QRN. In spite of this, many DX hounds were successful in effecting contacts with other European hams. Both 40 and 80 meters were used for this, although other European amateurs seemed to prefer the 80-meter band. The best bands for DX were the 30- and 20-meter waves. 4ABN with 40 watts input worked NU and su stations. 4CB, despite unfavorable conditions in Berlin, reached out well and worked oz. “All hams are looking forward to the approach of Fall and Winter and the re- sulting good radio conditions. It is ex. pected that EK hams will show greater in- terest in the 30- and 20-meter bands then. “The end of August there will be held in Berlin the big annual Radio Show, during which the D.A.S.D. will take the occasion to hold a meeting. It is to be hoped that many Berlin hams will attend. “After the epoch-making experiments of Prof. Esau on three meters, many EK’s pre- pared to shift their transmitters to this wave; in view of the good radio conditions which may be expected with Winter, regular experiments are being planned on this wave. “The ten-meter band, which has had so much attention in America recently, has up to now had few if any adherents in Ger- many.” E. Reiffen, Sec’y, D. A. S. D. U. S. S. R. Of great interest to amateurs all over the world is the story of amateur codéperation with the Nobile rescue expedition as told in the following report. Amateurs every- where join in congratulating their fine work. “Russian amateurs are going ahead with enthusiasm and are rapidly increasing their ranks. Last year was devoted to propa- ganda on short-wave radio among the gen- eral public. This progaganda is now yield- ing the fruits. Many institutions are now proposing to the S.K.W. (Short Wave Sec- tion) to provide short-wave stations and operators for expeditions going to every corner of the U.S.S.R. “Most famous of course is the Russian expedition to save Nobile. There were three ships; ice-breakers. The Krassin, with amateur Dobrovolski from Leningrad, the Malygin, with Kozenukow from Nijni- Novgorod, and the Persey with myself as short-wave operator. Many things have been written about all three in the general press, and all of us were photographed for the news reels. The results of this expedi- tion are too well known to repeat here. “Another expedition went to Tibet and Pamir; several expeditions on aeroplanes and balloons to the Caucasus and to some nearby places in Europe, and many other expeditions are proposed, all to be supplied with short-wave radio. I am going once more with another expedition which will go more than 15,000 kilometers and will end up in northern and eastern Siberia, near Alaska, and will be pleased to work all my 7v Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

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Are YOU among the 37,500 (The number increases monthly) who refer daily to a copy of the Radio Amateur’s Handbook for Guidance and Information? If Not, get a copy NOW We believe that The Radio Amateur’s Handbook, by F. E. Handy, Communications Man- ager, A.R.R.L. is the most valuable book which any amateur or experimenter could own. Its chapter headings will give an idea of the thoroughness with which the subject is covered. They are “What Is An Amateur?” “Getting Started”, “Fundamentals”, “How Radio Signals Are Sent and Received”, “Building a Station—The Receiver”, “‘The Transmitter’, “Power Supply, Keying and Interference Elimination”, “Antennas”, “The Wavemeter—Radio Measurements”, “The A.R.R.L. Communications Department”, “Operating a Station”, ‘“‘The Experimenter”’. These chapters each occupy from ten to forty pages—indicating that each subject is treated in a thorough manner. In addition there is an appendix containing a fund of aseful data. Then there is an index, occupying six pages, by which the valuable information contained in the book is made available. This in a particularly important point and has been compiled and cross-indexed with great care and thought. Altogether the Book contains 256 pages of the most valuable radio information ever found between two covers. The Radio Amateur’s Handbook starts at the beginning and tells what an amateur is, what the League is, what amateur radio is, how to become an amateur, how to learn the code, how to understand what you hear, how to get your licenses, how to build a simple station, how to build a better station, how to operate your station, how the A.R.R.L. works, how to handle traffic, how to conduct experiments and make measurements, and a multitude of other things too numerous to mention. Anyone who is at all interested in the technical side of radio can ill afford to be without The Radio Amateur’s Handbook. Regular Cover $1.00 Postpaid Anywhere Bound in Leather Cloth $2.00 % 2.0 > & oS OS fo SS > HARTFORD, CONN. Dear Sirs: oS val _ ea copy of the Handbook. e L& & Pa s 4° sad S Pd I n.cccccencsdsseckanssancsas manes < y se DO I | le « Address...... aeeneneaus sbeennens ere, TT - NOW

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AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE, Enclosed find my $------ Please send me postpaid (any where in the world)

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How to be a commercial Radio ee t should en- abies ay ge intelligence to pa nment’s theo- retical n given to ap- plican Commercial Radio Opera ry Nilson and Hornung’s PRACTICAL RADIO TELEGRAPHY 380 paces. 5x8, 223 iWiustrations $3.00 net, postpaid The ! in detail the theor operation of every t ’ rn, 1928, com- merci and vacuum tube It furnishes complet t commercial vac r It covers every mentary elec- tricity t tical operation of ra Some outstanding points 1. Ver ematics ; 2. Assun r knowledge of ele 3. Cover ng in commer- cial detail : 4. Comy . self-examina- re ae 5. Simr ly accurate ; 6. 4 r diagrams See t fore you pur- chase mail just this coupon | McGRAW-HILL FREE EXAMINATION COUPOW McGraw Book Co., Inc., 870 Sev A venue, me Practical postage me (Books s val in the ing. $3.00 postpaid. prepaid, Radio | U.S. and Canada only) § Q. S. T. 10-1-28 8 Telegraphy, I will either g in 10 days, or reg New Shor Par ACCURATE ! NOW '4 OF 1% GUARANTEED ACCURACY I5s—110 METERS Popular, The Handy *15= . Wavemeter.. Wave Coils—Receiver and Transmitting Piezo Crystals—Special Radio Work. Fall Bulletins Out—Write for Them (LIVE DEALERS WRITE FOR FULL INFORMATION) SEATTLE RADIO LABORATORY 3335 33 Avenue, South Seattle, Wash. Say You Saw It In QS NU, NC, AJ and E friends. We will return in January, 1931. Please direct all letters and reports to the A.R.R.L., at Hartford, Conn., U.S.A. We will get mail each half year. “As to reception and transmission condi- tions generally, I will say that South Amer- ican countries are heard early in the morn- ing, and more loudly now than in the winter. “I shall try to send reports of stations heard and worked from time to time.” —Wladyslaww Grazybowski, care A.R.R.L., Hartford, Conn., U. S. A., until January, 1931, ———— s@e Stations Working Below 50 Meters (Concluded from August QST) 33. KDO, S.S. Esparto (Uni, Fruit) 33. OCCO, Conakry, Fr. W. Africa. 33. OCDJ, Issy les Moulineaux, France. 33. OCTN, Mourillon, Toulon, France. 33. VZDK, S.S. K. Jervis Bay. 33.2 KTF, Midway Island. PCA, Amsterdam, Holland. WQC-WEQC, Rocky Point. 33.4 KNW, Palo Alto, Calif. KUN-KEUN, Bolinas, Calif. 33.5 AQE. S.S. Sir James ‘Clark Ross. 33.5 NAJ, Great Lakes, Il. 83.5 WNBT, Elgin, II. 33.708 VNB, Klipheuval, S Africa. KUN- Bolinas, Calif. 34. 1FC, oa Cesi School, (Beam) Rome Italy. 34. DCP, S.S. Cap Polonio. 34. KNW, Palo Alto, Calif. 34. LP1, Buenos Aires. 34. NAJ, Great Lakes, II. 34. PCUU, Hague. 34. RAV, Tashkent, Turkestan. 34. RKV, Moscow, U.S.S.R. 34. VNB, Capetown, S. Africa. (Beam) 34. XDA, Mexico City, Mex. 34.013 GBJ, Bodmin, Eng. (Beam) 34.168 GBI, Grimsby, Eng. 34.2 HBC, Berne, Switz. 84.2 RDI, Petrozavadosk. 34.4 KNN, Honolulu, T. H. 34.483 VWZ, Kirkee, Bombay, India. (Beam) 34.6 VWZ, Kirkee, Bombay, India. (Beam) Standard Wave for Ships. KWT, Palo Alto, Calif. 5 1PP, Tokyo, Japan. 5 1RG, “Radiogiornale,”” Lake Como, Italy. 5 2XG, Ocean Beach, N. J. 5 2XI, Schenectady. 5 BWW, Gibraltor, N. Front. 5. BXW, Seletar, Singapore. 5. BXY, Stonecutters Island, 5 5 5 > » 34.86 Hong Kong. BYD, Whitehall, R. C. BYC, Horsea. BYZ, Rinella, Malta. BZE, Matara, Ceylon. BZF, Aden, Arabia. NPM, Honolulu, T. H. OCDA, Dakar, Fr. W. Africa. VKQ, Garden Island, Sydney, Aust. WGY, Schenectady. WQO, Rocky Point. KGDU, S.S. Four Winds. PCMM, Kootwijik, Holland. WJF, Detroit, Mich. . 5DH, Dollie Hill, Eng. 35.5 BZC, Portsmouth S.S. Portsmouth, Eng. 36. 3LO, Melbourne, Aust. 36. Ds, H.M.S. Renown. 36. KTA, Guam, P. R. 36. LPO, Beunos Aires. 36. NPH, Honolulu, T. H. 36. OCBR, Rabat, Morocco. 36.5 ANF, Tiililin, Java. 36.5 FUT, Toulon-Mourillon, 36.5 SAB, Goteborg. 36.52 KGH, Hillsboro, Ore. 36.6 2XAP, New York City. ~It Identifies You and Helps QST France.

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EI —_—— ITROHM Transmitting Grid Leaks and Rheostats now cover the entire line of transmitting tube circuits. amateur products are reduced materially. Vitrohm Transmitting Products. them, write us direct. The prices on these TYour dealer should stock TIf you have difficulty in obtaining tATALOGUE MAX. TUBE bs NUMBER PRODUCT _ __ RESISTANCE DISSIPATION CURRENT RATING PRICE 4 507-2 2 ~=~Grid Leak* 5000 ohms 44 watts 90 m.a. 100 watts 2.00 507-3. Grid Leak* 5000 ohms 200 watts 200 maa. 1000 watts 2.80 507-4 Grid Leakt —_50,000 ohms 200 watts 60 m.a. 1000 watts 6.50 507-5 Grid Leak? 20,000 ohms 200 watts 100 m.a. 1000 watts 4.25 507-51 Grid Leak* 10,000 ohms 200 watts 135 m.a. 1000 watts + 4.00 507-66 Grid Leak** 15,000 ohms 200watts 120m. 1000 watts 6.00 507-63 Rheostatt* 50 ohms 50 watts 1 amp. 5.50 507-59 Rheostat*t 20 ohms 80 watts 2 amp. 5.50 507-83 Rheostat*t 12.5 ohms 60 watts 2.2 amp. 5.50 * Center-tapped **Steps at SM—10M—15M {DeForest P or R. C. A. 852 Tube for R. C. A. 852 or DeForest P Tube De Forest H Tube t* For Primary Control *f Filament and Primary Control Ward Leonard /fectric Company 37-41 South Street Mount Vernon, N. Y. Build this modern amplifier Now! Sangamo Transformers at a new low price. And push- pull transformers to match new power tubes and dynamic loud speakers. A small expenditure and you can have one of these modern amplifiers with plenty of capacity to handle the low notes. Nothing equals the full toned beauty of an amplifier built according to the diagram shown at right. Write for descriptive circulars. at low cost! TYPE ax vst Seso SANGAMO HIGH QUALITY AUDIO AMPLIFIER 4: he . §,-+—___, ? i 4 44 Z SANGAMO ELECTRIC CO. Springfield, Illinois Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

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\ d a . ~~ , J >. m NA — 7 4 epy ery 47 3 a ‘ ° G n f , ) e af ~ ? * 4 CC ie .) ons + | or P -* f . Y DS” @ | > ‘ a, = ? ws (eo v

The ynlv Support which noises. Made ina them at your dealers. le vocal Building t. R-4, 588 12th Street st New York, N. J tubes with the exclusive Televocal elim- inates microphonic standard types. Ask for TELEVOCAL CORPORATION Quality Tubes Say You Saw It In QS T

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~ : x Voce 2 wing — —— = > Ne” Anna nnivin’ ~ > oe uw 08 2.50 hh eh ee SO DS PS 1S PS DS 9 1 42.510 42.83 42.83 42.98 42.95 43.03 43.14 It Identifies You and Helps Q S T 4XK, San Juan, P. R. NPM, Honolulu, T. H. FUM, Montebourg. GLYX, S.S. Derbyshire. KEL, Bolinas. Calif. KF VM, S.S. Idalia. KGBB, S.S. Ungava. NPC, Puget Sound, Wash. NPU, Tutuila, Samoa. OLQ, S.S. Slamat. PCRR, Kootwijk, Holland. SOK, Moskwa Sokoleniki Radio. WOBD, S.S. Radio. 6XF, Los Angeles, Calif. WJD, New York. WCFL, Chicago, III. NAA, Arlington, Va. NKF, Bellevue, Anacostia, D. C. NKL, Arlington, Va. Standard wave for all ships. WLC, Rogers, Mich. 6XAS, California (Portable) 2XAP, New York City. AND, Tiililin, Java. IDO, Rome, Italy. JKV, Kanasawa, Japan. KFZQ, S.S. Robador. SKB, M.S. Gripsholm. 3XQ, Mountain Lakes, N. J. 2X1, Schenectady. GBA, Tobermoray, Scotland. IST, Chisimajo, It. Somaliland. JPS, Sapporo, Japan. PCUU, Hague. KEUN, Bolinas, Calif ANDIR, Malabar, Java FUE, Mengam, France KAV, Norddeich. OCMV, Mont Valerien, France. NAJ, Great Lakes, Ill OCRU, Rufisque. Fr. W. Africa. JFAB, Taipeh, Formosa. OHK, Vienna, Austria. AGC, Nauen, Ger. 1XAO, Belfast, Me. NQW, S.S. Mezico. NPU, Tutuila, Samoa. NAS, Pensacola, Fla. B82, Uecle, Belgium. NOSW. Coco Solo. 6XBR-KFWB, Los Angeles. WNU, New Orleans. KFHW, S.S. Poinsettia. NPG, San Francisco. BAM, Tahiti. NAJ, Great Lakes, II AGC, Neuen. ANC, Tiililin, Java. J-1AA, Iwatsuki, Japan. SPX, Rio de Janeiro. JBK, Kagoshima, Japan. OCBA, Bamako, Soudan. 1AA, Iwatsuki, Japan. OHK, Vienna. SMHA. Stockholm. NKF Bellevue Anacostia, D. C. BCBA, Bamako, Sudan. GDKB S.S. Dorsetshire. FW, St. Assise. VIS. Sydney. RTRL, Tiflis. VIT, Townsville, Queensland. RRP, Nijni, Nofgorod. PCUU. Hilversum, Holland. SGT, MS, Suecia. VJZ, Rabaul, New Britain. 5XH, New Orleans. KDZ, Pt. Barrow. TFA, Reykjavik, Iceland. FUA, Bizerta-Sidi-Abdullah, Tunis. S.S. Masilia. WJF, Detroit. Mich. WTI, Evansville, Ind. NPG, San Francisco. KDKA, Pittsburgh, Pa. WIZ. VGJL, S.S. Canadian Commander. 1MA, Rome, via Bramante 3. JCC, Htchishi, Japan. (Otchishi) FW, St. Assise. A1E, Meteorological Hut, Bergen. JOC. Htchishi. Japan. 2XAI, Newark, N. J. WAQ, Newark. N. J. WOP-WEOP, Rocky Point.

case buz: dens 200 Arn Arn 400- 18 j 7 i 002 Larg

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When It Comes To Pattern No, 199 A.C.-D.C. Radio Set Analyzer. many new A.C. operated radio sets as well as radio service men are given below. milliamperes, Accurate tube test, New cathode voltage test. All ranges brought to binding this set analyzer. Write for a copy. “28 YEARS SERVICE When it comes to service it is quite likely that you will have to look a long time before finding a service instrument that so thoroughly fills the requirements for radio service equipment as does the Jewell This set was designed to take care of the service needs of the those of the battery operated type. Features that have made it a favorite with experienced Easily portable leather covered case Five prong plug with four prong Four reading A.C. voltmeter 0-4-8-16 and 160 volts. Six reading D.C. Volt-milliammeter 0-7.5-75-300-600 volts and 0-15-150 Pattern No. 199 with removable cover. adapter. Positive, silver contact push button switches for taking readings. posts for continuity tests. These features all are described in descriptive circular No. 2002 which tells in detail all about Jewell Electrical Instrument Co. 1650 Walnut St., Chicago MAKING GoopD INSTRUMENTS” You can easily become an EXPERT Radio Operator Through The Candler System Course of Training in High Speed Telegraphing Theo. McElroy, World’s Champion Radio Oper- ator endorses no other system. He writes: “At the Pageant of Progress, Chicago, I copied 56 words per minute for 5 minutes, establishing a new radio record. I owe my skill, speed and steady nerve to The Candler System.” What this system has done for McElroy and over 40,000 others—it will do for you. FREE booklet explains system fully. Send for it TO-DAY. A postcard will do. The CANDLER SYSTEM CO. Dept. AR 6343 S. Kedzie Ave. Chicago, Ills. U.S. GOVERNMENT SURPLUS EQUIPMENT Army Telegraph and Buzzer sets in portable carrying cases. Consists of key, earphone, high and low pitch buzzers, potentiometer, 3 toggle switches, 3 con- densers, etc. $5.00 % Kw., 500 cycle Transformers 110 to 12500 volt 5.00 200 watt, 60 cycle Transformers 120 to 2500 volt 7.50 Army Magnetos, pull-cord operated 1.50 Army Telegraph Keys 1.00 Navy Headphones (used) .50 per pair 400-ohm Sounders (Western Union) 2.00 18 in. Genuine Electrose Strain Insulators .40 7 in. Genuine Electrose Strain Insulators 15 002 Leydon Jar Condensers, 10,00Q volt 2.50 1-2 Kw. 500 cycle Motor Generators 110 DC to 110 AC. Largest Assortment of Army and Navy Surplus Wireless and Electrical Equipment—No Catalogs—Millions of Items Safe delivery guaranteed REMITTANCE MUST ACCOMPANY ORDER Manhattan Electrical Bargain House, Incorporated 105 Fulton Street, New York City Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps QS T ERIRAN re Completely wired Push-Pull Power Stage ANDLES ample power to faithfully repro- duce full frequency range without tube overloading. Eliminates hum caused by raw AC on filaments of Power Tubes. Increases clarity, reality and volume. AmerTran gives you a unit in 4 types designea for practically any combination of speakers {including the new dynamic types], cal queen tubes. For complete information see any auth- orized AmerTran dealer or write to us direct, mentioning thespeaker and tubes you intend using. Price completely wired and ready to install in set $36.00 without tubes. Licensed under Patents owned or controlled by R.C. A. and may be bought with tubes AMERICAN TRANSFORMER COMPANY Transformer Builders for more than 28 Years 195 Emmet Street, Newark, N. J.

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KTF, Midway Island. WPE-WEPE, Rocky Point. WLK, Wheelwright, Ky. WLI, Cleveland, Ohio. KOS, Pampa, Texas. KTA, Guam. WOBD, S.S. Radio. OCMV, Fr. Nuhtarn Sta. Mont Valerien, Suresne (Seine) KTA, Guam. WQ0, Rocky Point. As Pioneers in : GFA, Air Ministry, London. > SAA, Karls Krona. 4 . KZA-KZB, Los Angeles. 03 KOQ, Houston, Texas. .03 WKI-WAQ, Newark. , . SPI, Rio de Janeiro. Ve invite correspondence from ‘48 WAJ-WEAJ, Rocky Point. mnateurs im regard to these new .f SPI, Rio de Janeiro. theon Products, which are being 62 WBO, Dearborn, Mich. | successfully in the Television KPZH. Fairbanks, Alaska roadcactin 5. 1CK, Tripoli. ca g- 5. NPG, San Francisco. no-Lamp — the first Television 5. ol ee Valerien, France. — . 5. CEG, Vancouver, Wash. : developed to work on all 5. OCNG, Nogent-le-Rotrou. ns. 5. A1M, Meterological Hut. Oslo. to-Cell — made in both hard 5. 1AX, Rome via Socioa 80. vacuum and illed extra sensitive S. KEU, Los Angeles. ccuum and gas-filled extra 5.02 KYU. Wichita Falls, Texas. types 5. WHW, Highland Park, III. R ; O 5.32 KFZG, Pt. Barrow. ¢ 5.48 KEH, Panhandle City, Texas. ‘4 Y THEON MFG. C “4 5.43 KFE, Ponca City, Okla. Kendall Square Building 5. KQS, Lone Pine, Calif. 4 5.7 KQT. Los Angeles. CAMBRIDGE, MASS. . PCLL, Kootwijk, Holland. (Hacue) OAA,. The Mossig. Weini Ainlof, 13 Austria. —_ OCMY, Mont Valerien. w KNN, Honolulu. <= eon BVJ, Dartmouth. England. <a KGT, Fresno, Calif <4 — ss ~~ wr = - . a t KGF, Medford. Ore OTO-(e -_ 48 WND, Ocean Township, N. J. a . TSB, Norwegian SS Helder. KGH, Hillsboro, Ore. POZ, Nauen. ” ; 1CX, Massawa (Somalie Italienna). 7. DNSC, val Danish Dockyard, Copenhagen ©) 0 OP AE EE EE i Danish Dockyare Dollis Hill, England. z 7. SUC2, Abu Zabal, Cairo, Egypt Certain Proof » aaa . KTA, Guam. SPM, Helsingfors. 2 : of Resistor Worth 4 KNN, Honolulu. ‘ OCTU, Tunis la Casbah. OCNG, Nogent-le-Rotrou. better proof of the real worth . KNW, Polo Alto. ld Resistors, than our records, KSZ, MeConney, Texas. w that after two seasons of actual KYI, Kings Mill, Tex. I ; ; : KINT, Polo Alto, Calif. iar.ffo " EL Har-field Resistors are being pur SCP, Messina, Sicily. greater quantities by more manu- 9. WHD. Sharon Pa., Calif. than ever before. A few of the ‘15 KNR, Clearwater, Calif. ninent we list below. KVR, Las Vegas, Nev. ain ai Salt Lake City, Utah. T Mfg Western Union Telegraph Co. KMV, Bondini, Calif. A. H. Grebe & Company —_— Splitdorf Electric Co TFA, Reykjavik, Iceland. vA Magnavox Corporation OCTU, Tunis, Las Casbah, (Tunisie). Electrical Research Lab's. , ali Samson Electric Co KWT, Polo Alto, Calif. y Philadelphia Storage Battery ation Company

e+ glad to design a resistor to meet need, and forward samples for th prices. Write to HARDWICK, FIELD, INC. plicable to not only Zeppelin type antennas AR-FIE FACTORY but also to all types of voltage and current 215 Emmet &t. fed radiators where the antenna itself 1s ° Newark, W: J: not loaded by lumped inductance or capacity. RESISTORS Its universal application certainly simplifies the problem of antenna design for the ama- ' 7 0 a ae ees eee ee ee emt, 2 least. 76 Say You Saw It In QS T—It Identifies You and Helps QST What Length Antenna (Continued from Page 49)

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Synchronous Motors for Television In addition to building reliable and satisfactory motor generators, “Esco” has had many years of experience in building electric motors for a great variety of applications. Synchronous motors, small, compact, reliable, self starting are now offered for Television equip- ment. They require no direct current for exci- tation, are quiet running and fully guaranteed. Other types of motors suitable for Television may also be supplied. Write us about your requirements. ELECTRIC SPECIALTY CoO. 225 South St. Trade “ESCO” Mark Stamford, Conn RADIO SCHOOL Earn $35 to $50 Per Week The rapid expansion of RADIO has created many new positions on land and sea. En- roll now. New term begins September 10th in both day and evening class. Send for free catalogue. MASS. RADIO SCHOOL 18 Boylston Street, Boston Tel. Hancock 8184 Established 1905 Send For New Radio a a Book--It’s Free a ik Radi hy Pe et - Bal ite Ra 10 reen grid tube in D. C. and A. C. circuits How to build power amplifiers, > eliminators Up-to-the minute information on all new radio developments. It's free Send for copy to-day. IN CABINETS BY KARAS ELECTRIC COMPANY 4030K1 N. Rockwell Street hicago eee FANSTEEL PRODUCTS COMPANY, Inc. NORTH CHICAGO, [ILLINOIS — B->->- >> edd >a de> oP p= > PsP Pe Poh Ps hs de>e Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T 77

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Ash New Tone Brilliancy with a Potter Condenser Block in your Power Amplifier. Rich, natural bass tones that possess a real thrill. No. T2950 where two 250 Type Power Tubes are used $22.50 Highly Efficient—Long Life Che Choice of Leading Radio Engineers »ur dealer for full information POTTER MFG. CO. North Chicago, Illinois different .. ed a new circuit. It is different | a long step ahead in radio research, | about it and why it will out per- built receiver. Sign and mail the | forward an eight-page, two-color Iders’ bulletin. y & Danielson Mfg. Co. 1 Francisco, California. send me: n the ‘‘29’’, for professional set builders. eee ee 2 Say You Saw It In QS T—It Identifies You and Helps QST A Portable Crystal Transmitter (Continued from Page 36) will then consist of 8 turns and the second- ary winding should be of 20 turns. Such a transformer is made up with the coils per- manently in place, and coupled fairly close- ly, with a spacing of about % or % inch be- tween the adjacent ends of the windings. In order to properly tune and observe the operation of a crystal controlled set, 2 or more milliammeters should preferably be installed, one in the plate circuit of the crystal controlled tube, and the others in the plate circuits of the amplifiers, The milliammeter in the crystal tube circuit need not have a full scale of over 100 mills, but the meter in the amplifier circuit should have a full scale capacity considerably greater than the maximum amount of current that one expects to normally pass through the plates of the amplifier tubes. In tuning up the crystal controlled set, the antenna should be disconnected and only the crystal tube filament lit. The crystal tube plate voltage can then be applied and the capacity of condenser C increased grad- ually. The crystal should start oscillating, which is shown by a drop in the milliam- meter reading, and as the capacity is made greater, this current will drop still lower, until finally a point is reached where the crystal stops oscillating and the current jumps to the initial value before the crystal started oscillating. The capacity should be adjusted to a point somewhat lower than that at which the crystal stopped oscillating. A shielded receiver with antenna discon- nected should be at hand, and if this re- ceiver is tuned to twice the frequency or the half wave of the crystal, a loud beat note will be heard. Condenser C1 should then be adjusted roughly to the point where this beat note is the loudest. A reduced voltage should be applied to amplifier tubes either by reducing the generator voltage, or by inserting two or three thousand ohms in series with the plate feed. The filament of the amplifier tubes should be lit. Con- denser C2 should then be turned until the plate milliammeter reads a minimum. Cl should also be adjusted to still further re- duce this minimum, the proper adjustment being secured when an adjustment of either C1 or C2 increases the plate current to the amplifier. If this condition cannot be secured, or if on listening in with the shielded receiver, a number of beat notes are heard, the amplifier is oscillating inde- pently of the crystal. Condenser C6 should then be adjusted until either the numerous beat notes heard in the receiver disappear or the plate current increases considerably, after which the adjustment of C2 and Cl should be repeated. An adjustment can easily be found where there is but one beat note heard in the receiver, which indicates that the amplifier is being controlled by the crystal oscillator, The antenna should then be connected to the antenna coupling coil and the coupling increased somewhat, which should cause an increase in the plate current to the am- NE un Sts $4 Se wa E

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Bradley Leak, 95 absolutely noise- / * less and stepless, 2000 to 30,000 ohm re- sistance. List $65, special $2.95. 45 VESEY STREET NEW YORK New York’s Headquarters for Cardwell con- 3 45 densers, double spaced fortrans- mitting, .00025 cap. $4. Bradleystat No. E-219 Special cosctee Signal Buzzer Set suternational $2.45 Code on Baseboard ....... - Belden braid % inch wide, ft. .06 $7. Acme B-6—‘“‘B”’ elimina- tor transformer, 235 v. each Transmitting Apparatus When in Town Visit Our Store Full Line of Acme -- Thordarson -- Jewell -- Flech- No. 12 Enameled copper wire, $ theim -- General Radio -- Signal -- Bradley “a peeeey 01 SPECIALS No. 10 Enameled copper wire, Dubilier Mica Condenser .002 cap. 6,000 working volt 1.95 any length, ft. ......... 01% General Radio 247D .001 cond. plain or with vernier 1.75 Genuine Bakelite Panel ~~ cond. 1.7 mfd. 1,000v D.C. test; 650v. working 9s BORRERH ccccccccccccesces 1.50 voltage . ; » me C ai Dubilier cond, .5 mfd. 1,000¥ D.C. working voltage "g5 Baidwin phones type C, pair 5.95 R.C.A.—U.V. 1716 Super Het. transformer 45 Myers $5 4% volt Det. or Ward Leonard Resistances; fits standard base receptacles; sizes 300—600—900—1200 and 2000 ohms -95 $15. Imported German head sets; very sensitive 3.45 Honeycomb Coils unmounted, all sizes in stock at % price $8 Signal Corp adjustable arm micro-transmitter for Amp tube, complete with mounting clips .....see- ° Acme 500 w plate trans- 6.50 former, 1000-1500-2000 each - Tages gprcorne wes panel mounting 2.45 side of centre tap 2.45 $9. Dubilier condenser, 4mfd; 600 v. D. C. working type 903; limited quantity 2.25 _ R.E.L. Transmitting Inductances,per set, 8.80 Bristol 50 Henry choke 2.75 Ward Leonard Resistance Acme .0005 enclosed condenser -95 $4.75 list-6% inch long—800- side of centre tap, 24.00 Acme B.H-l transformer, 255-510 each side of centre by General Electric Co., tap; also 2 fil. windings of type G.10, standard base 4 v. each side of centre tap, 101 uses, as illustrated $10.25 n QST May age Acme C.W. 30 Henry choke, a? YST May issue — $18 list 150 M. A. single Neon Glow Lamps, made 1000 -1200 -3000 -6000 -8000- Flechtheim Condensers, 11000 ohms; can be used for all types 35% off list 2-50 watt tubes or less, $1.48 Pyrex Low-loss V.T. sockets, each 39c. Television disks as specified $14.40; also other sizes at special prices MAIL ORDERS FILLED SAME DAY 10% Must Accompany All Orders in QST special $1.95. BECOME A RADIO OPERATOR See the World. Earn a Good Income. Duties Light and Fascinating. LEARNIN THE SECOND PORT U.S.A. Radio Inspector located here. New Orleans supplies opera- tors for the various Gulf ports Most logical location in the U.S.A. to come to for training Nearly 100% of radio operators graduating on the Gulf during the past six years trained by Mr. Clemmons, Supervisor of Instruction. Member of the A.R.R.L.—Call “5 G R” Day and Night Classes—Enroll anytime—Write for cir- cular GULF RADIO SCHOOL 844 Howard Ave. New Orleans, La. NEW-—a low priced two button ‘‘mike’’, similar to cut, priced under $15.00 Santas’ Broadcast Type, ideal for public address, etc., price 40.00 Send for further information. A new special bulletin on all short wave equipment is now ready. E.F. JOHNSON COMPANY Waseca, Minn. Sav You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T Accurate and Durable TRUVOLT Reg. U. S. Pat. off. U. S. Pat. 1,676,869 and Pats. Pending : All Wire RESISTANCES In Truvolt Variable Resistances the unique design permits the winding ofa much larger resistance wire in a smaller space, Also the contact arm moves lengthwise over the turns of wire reduc- ing wear to a minimum. Hence much greater current loads may be carried without risk of breakdown, Be sure to use Truvolt Resistances in the Elimin- ator you build, Electrad specializes in a full line of controls for all Radio Purposes including Television. Write for Free Circulars Dept. T-10, 175 Varick St., New York ELECTRAD

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maximum potentials up to 300 volts. Spark- ing at the breakdown point is injurious to the electrode. It causes spots where oxide cannot form. It is generally understood in the science of chemistry that the purer the metal the more resistant it is to corrosion. But it is a well

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~~ = a OF 7 be refunded if you are without the standard charger Eliminator. A Filter $18.00 will ship direct. 2% dry rectifier and a step down transformer. fits neatly on top of the A-FILTER—making a complete ALL DRY 6 volt A DODGE RADIO SHORTKUT With Appendix and Hints for Better Key Work. Fixes Signals in mind to stick—Kills Hesitation, Cultivates Speed and Good Fist—Produces Kesults Slow Hams raise speed to 25 per in few evenings Previous Failures qualify and pass exam quickly. Beginners master code and pass in ten days. DODGE HIGH SPEED METHOD (Intensive Speed Practice) Quickly puts 25 per Hams in 35-40 per class Five Hams report made this gain in few evenings One of them by 75 minutes total practice only DODGE MORSE SHORTKUT Easily mastered by Radio Ops—Kills tendency to mixup or confusion Either code used as desired REPORTS FROM USERS Tell the complete story—Mailed on request Radio $3.50 High Speed $2.50 Morse $2.50 Money order None C. O. D. Foreign add 50 cents See our Hamad c. K. DODGE, MAMARONECK, NEW YORK. World’s Standard Precision Parts In Karas Short Wave Receiver Enjoy the thrills of hearing stations thousands of miles away Karas engineers have developed short wave equip ment to highest point Easy to build Easy to tune with Karas Micrometric dials. 63 to 1 ratio. Uses Karas con- densers built like a fine watch. Karas coils and audios standard of the world Send to-day for complete infor- mation and censtruction blue print Free. KARAS ELECTRIC COMPANY 44030K2 N. Rockwell Street, Chicago A FILTER —A New Development \ttach to any good 2 or § such as Westinghouse, Tungar, Bake- lite, Elkton, ete., bulb or electrolytic. -Will make a 4 or 6 volt A-Supply in less than a minutes time. Fil- ter consists of 2 chokes and 8000 microfarads of condensers. The unit is dry, measures but 8 x 4 x 5, thor- oughly guaranteed and sold with the understanding that your money will 5 Amp charger you are not completely pleased with the results. The TOBE TRANS-A-FORMER has been designed to take the place of a charger, The TRANS-A-FORMER consists of a The unit is completely wired and Trans-A-Former $15.00 Try your dealer; if unable to obtain A Filter send check or money order and we TOBE DEUTSCHMANN CO. CANTON, MASSACHUSETTS BUILD A DAVEN TELEVISION RECEIVER The first complete Kit. Furnished with either T-24 T-36 or T-48 Scanning Disk Motor, Bushing, Rheostat, Daven Television Tube, 3 Complete Stages of Daven Television Amplification and _ Instructions for Building. Daven Television Receiver, Complete, in- luding Television Tube—$100.00 Less ifier Tubes DAVEN TELEVISION APPARATUS Daven Television Scanning Disks ee ach 24 T-24 ° ° ee 5.00 i MME 8 eeeceecee ° oseeceus 7.50 is T-48 se ones 10.00 Comb Dise with 24, 36 and 48 Aper T-468 . 15.00 Daven " Amp. T-3 - 12.50 Daven Spe Telev. Amp. T-4 for 2 Hi Mu Tubes and 2 power Tubes 171 210, 250 Types 17.50 Daven Telev. Neon Lamp 20 to 80 Milliamperes Striking Voltage 100 Plate 1%xl% each ....... 12.50 Daven Telev Motor . 27.50 Daven Bushing to fit “4% inch 5-16 and % inch Motor Shafts 1.00 Daven bushing for Aperture disc 3.50 Daven Rheostat we ° ; 3.50 Daven Telev Photo Elect. Cell 1% inch Bulb 20.00 Daven Telev. Photo Elect Cell 3 inch Bulb we ‘ 37.50 Daven Television Couplers Ist Stage No. 421x D-42lxx 2nd Stagé No. 422x D-422xx 3rd Stage No. 423x D-423xx x Glastors are used for Grid and Plate resistors 2.15 xx Super Davohms in Plate and Glastors in Grid 4.65 Daven AC 71 for output tubes in series with Tele- Pe . Dee . oc pe akecaccnmdesusanntaee ‘ 3.50 Daven AC 10 (for brighter illumination) seesee 9.00 Daven Mu 20 Hi Mu Tubes for Amp wensee 2.25 Daven Mu 6 Power Tube 3.50 Send stamp for new Television Booklet. THE DAVEN CORPORATION AMPLIFICATION SPECIALISTS 171 Summit Street Newark, N. J. ay You Saw It In QS T It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

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and Improved Power Amplifier Transformer for use with U X 250 Tubes Transformer is designed for full two UX 281 tubes to supply B und power for two UX 250 Tubes voltage windings, one for 226 tubes ut so that you can build a power radio receiver or for phonograph former use one No 6551 double Approximate D. C. output from Secondary westages 650-650 V, mp. C. T. 7%V, 2% amp. C T. %V 4.2A. $16 $0 nd Custom Set Builders, you are take advantage of Dongan’s very facilities All approved parts are n 1 Pr npt attention will be given to any ! n wi nich you are interested. Dongan Electric Manufacturing Co. 2999-3001 Franklin St., Detroit, Mich. TRANSFORMERS of MERIT for FIFTEEN VEARS ) Become an EXPERT RADIO OPERATOR The Quick, Easy Way The TELEPLEX CODE SENDER teaches you at home in half the usual time. Entirely elim- inates hit-or-miss methods. Reproduces actual sending of ex- pert operators. Sends you messages, radio- grams, ete.—regular code traffic anywhere, any time, any speed. No experience neces- sary Tape records carrying complete course of instruc- tions make every - thing simple and clear tt of 6 rec- supplied no extra Just what every begin- ner and ad- vanced stu- dent needs for home practice.Used by U. 8S. Navy and leading Technical and Telegraph Schools. Write for FREE booklet ee ee SCIENCE NEWS-LETTER : joy reading this weekly Beginning eatured series of articles is ur own Radiovisor’ by C ) Francis — ! Science News-Letter is irrent science. > thorough ‘ always entertaining and highly instruc Introductory Offer--$1 for 13 weeks 3 SCIENCE AA TELEPLEX CO., RL, 76 Cortland St., New York, N. al known fact that where the alloying metals form solid solutions or chemical compounds with the base metal, the resultant alloy usually has greater resistance to corrosion than the chemically pure base metal. In Duralumin the copper, magnesium, silicon and iron form chemical compounds with the aluminum, and when properly polarized re- sist corrosion better than pure aluminum in the electrolyte chosen. The anodically polarized surface offers a more resistant, a more compact and a more stable protec- tive film than aluminum. And this is the primary reason for the superiority of this Duralumin over pure aluminum as a valve electrode in the electrolytic rectifier de- scribed below. Because of the poorly conducting electro- lyte and the high resistance of the oxide film, the I°R loss in the aluminum rectifier is considerable. Although the resistance of the oxide film on the Duralumin electrode is as high as on the pure aluminum electrode, the better conducting electrolyte in the Duralu- min cell offers a smaller I* R loss than in the aluminum cell. This greater conductivity of the electrolyte is primarily due to the potassium dichromate added. The dichro- mate also aids in passifying the rectifying electrode, increasing the resistance of the oxide film to corrosion and increasing the breakdown voltage which the film will stand. The dichromate in addition greatly lowers the minimum or breakdown voltage as cathode and this improves the efficiency. The theory of electrolytic rectification is as follows‘: On the anode a solid oxide film is formed which increases in thickness with the passage of the current; at the same time a thin film of gas is formed on the solid film which further increases the resistance of the cell. The action of rectification is attributed, therefore, to the ease with which free electrons, which are present on the sur- face of the anode can penetrate the oxide and gas layer owing to the high potential gradient, and traverse the electrolyte to the cathode; whereas, the heavier cations are more or less completely held up by the film on account of their greater mass. This re- sults in the production of a high counter e. m. f. or e. m. f. of polarization, which op- poses the passage of a reverse current. Since the amount of rectification’ refers to the proportion of alternating current con- verted into direct current, the most con- crete expression for this relation is the ratio of the average value of the current as meas- ured by a permanent magnet type of am- meter to the root mean square value of the current as measured by a hot wire or dyna- mometer type of ammeter. This ratio is re- ferred to as the degree of rectification and expressed as: DC average value of current AC root mean square value of current SERVICE, 2189 B St., Washington, D.C. NL LL LLL Ly 4. Jolley: Alternating Current Rectification. Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QS T

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The National Screen Grid Short-Wave Receiver, National Amplifier and National Radial Aperture Scanning Dise, with which James Millen of Station 1AXL, Malden, Mass., has been receiving experimental television images from 3XK at Washington, D. C. National Transmitting Condensers and Precision Ver- nier Dials are also being used by the pioneer television transmitting stations 3XK....WRNY....WLEX and others now under construction, Write Today for Short-Wave Bulletin 128Q. NATIONAL. CO. INC. W. A. READY. PRES. SHERMAN. ABBOTT &. JACKSON. STS. MALDEN. MASS QUARTZ OSCILLATING CRYSTALS 1 in. sections ground tae your specie’ teeaneney at these prices: ROBERT S. KRUSE 75-100 meters 17.50 100-200 met ° 200-600 meters Consultant for Shortwave Devices Tested blanks, 2 to 5 5. Sections of any practicable dimensions made to order. 103 Meadowbrook Road, Prompt Delivery West Hartford, Conn. 4.7. R , 8. Sc., 4 Calumet Bidg., Buffalo, N. Y. ~ years crystallographic poe ve Telephone Hartford 45327 fo) UNI-RECTRON POWER AMPLIFIER (IDEAL FOR USE WITH DYNAMIC SPEAKERS) As the Uni-Rectron stands it is MODEL AP-935 whisper to the loudest crash of & super. power amplifier, which sound—R.C.A. Uni-Rectron am- can be used in connection with plifies each note at its true any radio set and loud speaker. value. High and low notes are Binding posts are provided for all treated alike. input to the Uni-Rectron and output to the speaker. Requires no batteries for its operation. It obtains its power from the 110 Also by removing the input Volt, 60 Cycle alternating cur- and output transformers it can rent lighting circuit of your be used as a source of power for house. an oscillating or transmitting tube, furnishing power for all The UX-210 super power am- usr —— , tad circuits, grid, plate and filament plyfying tube and the UX-216B without tubes) and is the cheapest form of or 281 rectifying tube are used ia a .75 Power Supply for Amateur with this amplifier, which can- Special 1 EA. Tranemitting purposes ever of- not overload. From the faintest fered ew The volume and quality deliv- ered will be a revelation. SEND FOR OUR LIST OF RADIO BARGAINS AMERICAN SALES CO., 19-21 Warren St., New York City Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps QsT

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WIRELESS EGERT Still serves the Amateur. Buy from the Relial Dealer. Look at our prices. Sold on Mail Order only. Acr Watt Transformers, $16.75 Thor n 2098 Transformers, $13.95 F n Condensers, Less 40% Har rlund Short Wave Coils, $6.95 Al elded Cans 6x5x9, $2.25 30 | Chokes at 85 mils., $1.69 E 2 eostats Bradley, $2.85 Eds Copper Ribbon, per turn, 10c Tel Practice Set, 27.50 A A.R.R.L. Handbooks, $1.00 Citiz ’ Amateur Call Book, $1.00 Anything else in the line of Transmitting Apparatus you may need, we have IN STO F Wave and Transmitting Catalogue WIRELESS EGERT, 179 GREENWICH ST. Re Be Cee

Send For WESTERN RADIO 929 Catalo? Dealers and Set Builders T! IE. NEW 1929 Cata- : ” is crammed full of the FINEST, NEWEST, Nationall, known A.C. sets, cons abinets, dynamic kits, PARTS, ators and accessories VEST PRICES, k of radio parts, ” on elivery. W rite sour FREE catalog WESTERN "RADIO MFG. CO., 128W .LakeSt.,Dept.010,Chicage

Say You Saw It In QS T The simplest ideal case of half-wave ree- tification is represented by the following equation: - fa leas sin 6-d0 Ac Vi "Imax sin’ 0-d @ 2n

2-=0. 636 The value of 0.636 is, therefore, the maxi- mum degree of half-wave rectification ob- tainable when the circuit is free from induc- tance and counter electromotive forces. By means of the bridge or center-tapped transformer arrangement, it is possible to rectify both halves of the wave. In the case of full-wave rectification when there is no appreciable inductance, capacity or counter e. m, f. the ratio is expressed as follows:

my Imax sin O° /@ pc _ ae Nef" Tacs 6-d0 iTS.

The theoretical maximum values of 0.636 and 0.905 may be closely approached. An electrolytic rectifier designed for use in a “B” battery substitute consists of a battery of eight small electrolytic cells. A transformer, filter system and voltage di- vider complete the unit, the wiring diagram of which is shown in Figure 1. This gives full wave rectification through four cells on each half of the cycle. The Duralumin-Duriron electrolytic rec- tifier consists of a polarized Duralumin elec- trode (anode) as the check-valve electrode, a Duriron cathode as auxiliary electrode, and an electrolyte consisting of 93 parts by volume of a 20% solution or diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 3 parts of a 10% solu- tion of potassium dichromate and 4 parts of an 8% solution of oxalic acid. Potassium dichromate is here used as a depolarizer to decrease the internal resistance of the cell. The cells are rectangular bottles about 1% inches by 1 inch by 5 inches high. The elec- trolyte is covered with a small quantity of light paraffin oil to trap gas bubbles and prevent spraying during the operation of the cells. The Duriron electrode is a non- machinable, brittle iron-silicon alloy con- taining about 13% silicon, which resists the electrolytic corrosion. There is no crust or precipitate formed on the Duriron elec- trode after the cells have been in operation many hours as there is on the much used lead electrodes. The diammonium hydrogen phosphate is the rectifying electrolyte, the potassium di- chromate is the depolarizer to decrease the internal resistance of the cell by decreasing ~ It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

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NAFFECTED by smoke, salt

Permanent Insulating Qualities! is no super-smooth surface. There

36 fogs and fumes, constant in their ‘‘glaze’’ to check or craze. electrical and physical characteristics, Made in several styles and in vari- + ; MH ° ° i PYREX Radio Insulators give per- ous sizes: antenna, lead-in, stand-off ob. manent insulation for all radio bus-bar, inductance shapes, bushings, ae. work. They represent the true fusion rods and cylinders. - of materials resulting oe a. A treatise on the unique chemical, - 7 ° . . to ae st —ry pescieene we hich in physical and electrical properties of on diclect, “ange —_ h “ee — = in the special glasses from which these no a ree OW In PoWET 10SS. —_ high-test insulators are made will be ter Dust and dirt cannot accumulate sent on request. Write for “PYREX on their original diamond hard and Industrial Glass Products.” ludustrial and Laboratory Division, Dept. Q-3 105 CORNING, NEW YORK *Trade-mark Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. sare 36 am ~ out - eo a, ~ PACENT DUO- -LATERAL COILS a RADIO IN BRASIL ‘i OR laboratories, experimenters — When in Brasil, apply to M. BARROS engineers and for special circuits, 23 & CIA for anything you need in Pacent ~~ ae Coils are the on connection with radio. accepted standard. A complete line of all “~ , _ . aC- M. BARROS & CIA standard turn ratios “ 70 sob. Rua S. José 70 sob. are ciways in stock. * Postal Box 89 Write for information by Rio de Janeiro and prices m Telegraph address, Radioparte, Rio de Janeiro Pacent Electric Co., Inc. u- Branch: Avenida S. Joao 4, S. Paulo, Brasil | 91 Seventh Avenue, New York im ———— eeaaiate to ll. : ll C Is —N ; QS . Oscillating Crystals otice! of The p d in the September QST for grinding POWER CRYSTALS in the various amateur bands id are effective up to November first 1928. After that date, our prices will be increased. New prices will be of ar inced in the November issue. < We are compelled to increase the cost of our crystals on account of the higher manufacturing costs in n producing hich grade crystals which will operate tubes as large as the 50 Watt size. Therefore, now is n- the time to secure your power crystal for that Winter DX at the present low prices. ; 1€ All our crystals are absolutely elles in every respect. You take no chance in placing your order st with u Immediate delivery C- Pr t prices for grinding crystals in the Amateur bands are as follow 1715 to 2000 Kilo-cycle band ..........--ee008 «. $15.00. yn 2500 to 4000 Kilo-eycle band : eee d 7000 to 730 0 Kilo-cycle band : -» 40.00 Add $10.00 to the above prices if crystal is to be mounted in an excellent dustproof holder rf SCIENTIFIC RADIO SERVICE, The Crystal Specialists - P. O. Box 86 Mount Rainier, Maryland g a

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In QS T

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Short Wave Converter Unit Complete $99.50 Special Some of the best entertain- ment of the air

is broadcast on the short waves by many power- ful sta There is no longer any reason why all sl t receive these excellent programs from ver the world. The Dresner Short War rter Unit is completely assembled. It effi covers a wave band of 15 to 550 meter makes reception easily obtainable for a fered at the special price of $22.50— comp! ady to plug into your receiver in a few second sur dealer cannot supply youSEND MONI IRDER DIRECT and we will ship P. P. } l. GUARANTEED. DRESNER RADIO MFG. CORP. 644 Southern Boulevard, New York City oo, Junior Rheostats Sm it a master instrument. Ask your dealer 1 the exceedingly fine adjustment an t ction. Diameter, 1 7/16 inches, I s0nenkestbeusbeseeenesesen 75c jnkicbaneemekbende sens $1.00 Self-a positive acting switches for Junior POURED §8occtebneeseeesdeseeedbisccessees 40c RESISTANCE UNITS Her u need absolute dependability and you Yaxley Resistance Units. Run true to ra nient screw eye and soldering lug tern easy mounting. Filament and grid ty GRD cccccncsavecne 1l5e to 40c I vaxce’ ¥Y MFG.CO. Dept. S, ‘9So. Cli Clinton St., , Chicago

dest radio specialty sal service this year. ker shipments, lower 1 established, reliable ase - & s honest service, honest rices. Barawi © makes you more money f Bead now ata 4 »wing lowest whole- et wave, et 1110 GAR aL STA., BARAWIK co. “HICAGO. U. S. A.

Freshman Power eines Complet ‘ower Supply for 210 Transmitter or Power Amplifier. Supplies Plate Voltage of 375 Volts, Filament Voltages of 7\4volts (Center tap- ped) for 210 and 281 tubes, also “C” Bias for 210. SPECIAL $3.00 Ea. AMERICAN SALES CO., 19-21 Warren St., N. Y. City

86 the polarization potential, and the oxalic acid is the stabilizer to prevent the solution around the Duralumin from becoming too alkaline and causing the precipitation of aluminum hydroxide on and around the Duralumin. The Duralumin electrodes are coated, as shown in Figure 2 with a hard rubber mold to permit an electrical contact point at the upper end and a definite urface area of the Duralumin exposed to the electrolyte at the lower end. The latter surface is % inch long by 3/16 inch in diameter, giving a total surface area of 0.01 square inches. A greater surface area exposed to the elec- trolyte lowers the degree of rectification. The reason for this is that during the period when the Duriyon is anode, no ap- preciable direct current flows through the oxide film, but the film acts as a dielectric between electrode and electrolyte and the whole combination operates like a condenser. The capacity of this condenser is propor- tional to the area of the anode in contact with the electrolyte. By increasing the urea of the electrode, therefore, the capacity is increased and an appreciable capacitive current flows during the anodic period, leading the impressed voltage by a quarter of a cycle. Since the capacitive current increases proportionately with the capacity and, therefore, also with the area of the valve electrode and is essen- tially an alternating current, its average value is zero, but its root mean square value

FIG 3 oc outPur REG ULAT ON DURALUMI NG | DURIRON ELECTROLYTIC RECTIFIER

. i 7 Oc voirs -ovreur

1 = — L oo 40 ~ w 0 oo ~ 100 QC MLLAMPERES ~LOAD v a re) is of course a positive value. The degree of rectification, or ratio DC/AC is therefore reduced by enlarging the exposed area of the electrode, that is, by reducing the cur- rent density under given condition. The transformer of the B substitute con- structed has five taps on the primary and a split secondary. The primary is made of 1240 turns of No. 23 black enameled copper wire with taps at 825 turns, 900 turns, 1000 turns and 1100 turns. The secondary con- sists of 1950 turns of No. 24 black enameled copper wire with a tap at the midpoint, namely, at 975 turns, thus giving a split secondary. The secondary is wound over the primary and the core is of silicon steel laminations. Two choke coils of similar characteristics and connected in series are used in the filter Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

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tion too of the as old the the the nch les. ec- the ip- she ric che er. or- ict ed 2 re ie wee ye To Our Readers American Radio Relay League, Hartford, Conn., U. S. A. address. who are not A. R. R. L. members Wouldn't you like to become a member of the American Radio Relay League? We need you in this big organization of radio amateurs, the only amateur association that does things. From your reading of QST you have gained a knowledge of the nature of the League and what it does, and gou have read its purposes as set forth on page 6 of every issue. We would like to have you become a full-fledged member and add your strength to ours in the things we are undertaking for Amateur Radio. You will have the membership edition of OST delivered at your door each month. A con- venient application form is printed below—clip it out and mail it today. A bona fide interest in radio is the only essential qualification for membership. I hereby apply for membership in the American Radio Relay League, and en- close $2.50 ($3 in foreign countries) in payment of one year’s dues. This entitles me to receive OST for the same period. Please begin my subscription with the ........ccsssesees issue. Mail my Certificate of Membership and send OST to the following name and Do you know a friend who is also interested in Amateur Radio, whose name you might give us so we may send him a sample copy of OST? ithaca aac Thanks YOU’RE LOSING From a quarter to a third of your output unless your rectifier is a mercury arc. Long life, unlimited power, perfect note. Regulation unmatched. 1929 perform- ance. Read what the gang says, follow ’em—and your rectifier problems are solved. RECTIFIER ENGINEERING SERVICE 4887 Rockwood Rd. Radio 8ML Cleveland, Ohio U. S. Navy type CN 239 Rec eiving Set 1000-10,000 meters. A-1 condition, Maker National Electric Supply Co., complete without tube cabinet for $35.00 Kolster Decremeter and Wavemeter, Maker Ntl. Elec. S. Co., Type CN 12, range 100-3500 meters, com plete with graphs, coils, etc., condition O. K. Case 15%x10%"x9”, consists of current squared meter, condenser, buzzer, crystal detector and rotary switch, for $50.00. Largest stock of Government Radio Transmitting and Receiving material in U. S. Send 2c stamp for our new and latest reduced price list. Ship anywhere. WEIL’S CURIOSITY SHOP, 20 South 2nd St. Philadelphia, Pa. RADIO OPERATORS WANTED THE EASTERN RADIO INSTITUTE can train you quickly and thoroughly because: MODERN AND EFFICIENT METHODS THOROUGH INSTRUCTION under staff of LICENSED COMMERCIAL OPERATORS MODERN APPARATUS including SHORT WAVE TRANSMITTER FIFTEEN years a RADIO SCHOOL THE OLDEST, LARGEST and MOST SUCCESSFUL school in New ee 4 ee BY THE Day or Evening Classes Start Every Monday. SPECIAL CODE CLASSES Write for Illustrated Prospectus EASTERN RADIO INSTITUTE 899 BOYLSTON STREET BOSTON, MASS. Dear OM: need—either for the receiver, OM es pse QSL. FLECHTHEIM SUPERIOR CONDENSERS You get a more effective and dependable condenser when you buy a _ Flechtheim. purpose you may need it, there the power pack or the Regardless for what transmitter. And it costs less—a factor that means a lot to you—in savings. Write for catalog X. Tnx one to suit every Type FAl0—For 210 73’s nu 2AFS, Chief Engineer Type DX25—For 250 List Price ............$16.50 Complete Line From 250 to 3000 V.D.C. Emre, . $20.0 A. M. FLECHTHEIM & CO., Inc., Dept. QT, 136 Liberty St., WN. Y. C. Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

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285-7 CL AROSTA Z Another Home Run! Hers the tl scant mit R tance range of 200-100,- 000 80-watt rating. Idea rision—but that’s only half the Can be used in radio and elec- tric wherever a variable or fixed hea resistance is required. WRIT! r literature regarding Clarostat Speed Control, as well } Clarostats which have a real place in ham radi ter still, send a quarter for “‘The Gateway to Better f the best investment you can make today! ‘larostat Speed Control. Just ynehronizing the television Controls any variable speed motor of 1/8th h.p. or less, from standstill to full speed, in several turns of knob. Push- button for quick starts and momen- tary acceleration. Heavy metal case, properly ventilated. Protected screw ter- CLAROSTAT MFG. CO., Inc. ecialists in Variable Resistors North 6th St.. Brooklyn, AT — S Bean Expert RADIO — v Satisfaction TH. Guaranteed Send Today MIDGET TE Good pay. Travel. Excitement. Adven- —erTs L ture. This wonderful in- strument will teach you to read the code like an expert just in half the usual time. Repro- cone cranes duces actual sending of expert NUE perators, Sends messages, radio- Only rams, newspaper matter, etc.,—reg- $3 50 r code traffic anywhere, anytime eV any speed. All you have to do is y and fascinating. Waxed tape- este arry complete instructions. Just ed for home practice. Why delay get this simple, practical and nder with lessons for only $3.50 fre ency key and buzzer for $5.50. TELEPLEX CO., 74-76 Costhandt &2., New York, ww Veoh, Hi. Y. +. 1927 Soe. TRANSFORMERS 250 watt = 700 watt 1 700 watt 2 Al Guaranteed—Mounted—Complete a $10.50 ELL SEAS. 14.50 o each side........ 21.00 phase and 25-cycle Transformers Add $2.00 for fil. winding SCES F. GREBEN Peoria Street, Pilsen Sta., Chicago, Ilonis 838 Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T system. Each coil consists of 450 turns of No. 27 black enameled copper wire wound on a silicon steel laminated open gap core. The core is about 4% inches long by 2% inches wide by % inch thick. Each lamination is 0.017 inches thick. The choke has a resistance of 140 ohms and an induc- tance of 28 henries. The condenser box is of steel and contains 16.8 microfarads of three-ply mica condensers. Figure 3 gives the d.c. output regulation data for the unit. This data shows the d.c. voltages obtained on all five taps with loads varying from no load to 100 milliamperes. It will be observed that the maximum d.c. output obtainable is 247 volts at no load. The regulation drops regularly in about 10 volt increments as the load increases by 10 milliampere steps. On the first tap the voltage drops regular- ly and smoothly from 131 volts at no load to 8 volts at 100 milliamperes; on the second tap from 167 volts at no load to 32 volts at maximum load; on the third tap from 194 volts to 56 volts; on the fourth tap from 220 volts to 83 volts; and on the fifth tap from 247 volts to 109 volts. With a normal operating load, say 40 milliamperes, the d.c. output obtainable is as high as 181 volts. The cells operate very smoothly and stead- ily. There is no aluminum oxide crust for- mation on the rectifying electrode as can be observed on aluminum units. The oxide film after 1500 hours of continuous opera- tion is very thin and adherent. Gassing is very moderate, increasing with the load. No audible hum is observed save that due to the escaping gasses liberated during elec- trolysis. At 30 to 40 milliamperes, normal operating load, the temperature of the cells never rises above 40 degrees Centigrade. Due to the very thin oxide film on the Duralumin electrode the I* R loss in each cell is very small, thus causing no high increase in tem- perature of the cells during operation. This low temperature inhibits the decomposition and break down of the rectifying film and, consequently offers a longer life to the unit. The work on this rectifier was carried out in the laboratories of The American Bosch Magneto Corporation, Springfield, Mass., and The Postgraduate School of the U. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. CAN HAPPEN

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~~ Feet ee

Calls Heard (Continued from page 64) W7MF, Harold DeVoe, R. F. D. No. 2, Medford regon (20 and 40 mieters) ac-lpp ac-3gg ac-9aa aj-2by aj-2dk aj-4zz aj-Tcb jxix ef-8fd ef-8ix fo-ade fo-abo k7aer k7jr k7to nj-2pa nm-lg nm-Irz nm-9a nn-7nic nq-5fl oa-2ac oa-2jh oa-2kj oa-2kl oa-2ns oa-2rb oa-2re oa-2rx oa-2yi oa-3am oa-3ar oa-3bq oa-3m! oa-3xk oa-4cg oa-4cm oa-4lj oa-4pn oa-4jr oa-4rj oabdbj oa-5dx oa-5hge oa-5mb oa-7dx oa-71lj k6adh k6cjl k6clj k6dbl k6dcu k6dqn k6dv k6ch k6dvg up-lcm op-lew op-ldr op-lhr op-lmr op-lpw op-Ire oz-lar oz-2ab oz-2aw oz-2ba oz2be oz-2bp oz-2ga oz-2gp oz-2xa sb-laj sc-2ac se-lem se-2ah. 9BGA, E. J. Raible, 819 Sylvia St., Louisville, Ky. (20 meters) eb-4au ee-ear65 ef-8btr ef-8cp ef-Sct eg-2ad eg-2od eg-2lz eg-5ml eg-5wk eg-6bd eg-6by eg-6vp eg-6wy eg-6yv ep-laa fq-Shpg na-7mn ne-Sae ne-8fd ne-8wg nm-227a oe nq-Zac nq-2fq nq-2kp nt-2fp ny-laa oh-6celj oz-2ae oz-2Zaw sb-lah sb-law sb-2ab sb-2aj “sb-2ig se-lai se-2ah sc-3ac sc-3cj velad velam velar veldq ve2am ve2ap ve2bb ve3bm veé4di veddk ved4fe ve4ff veigd ved4go vedio veibn vedcp vebef wnp.

40 meters fl-lab nh-up nj-2pa nm-lg nm-9a nn-lnic nn-7nic nq-2Zay nq-2jt nq-2sc nq-5fg nq-5fl nr-cto nt-2fp nz-fr5 oa-2ac oa-2y oa-3cp oa-3ur oa-3vp oa-5ax oa-5he oa-5bmb oa-5bwh oa-7bq oa-7hl oh-6qh oh-6dpg oz-2Zaw oz-3cd oz-4am sb-2ah se-lem se-2ah se-2ea se-2jm ve3bv ve3cb ve3vs vebav. <

Samuel Gross, 132 S. Carolina Ave., Atlantic City, N. J. w6bv w6by w6gm wé6dz w6ix w6ql w6ava wé6avj w6ave w6ags w6aub w6amm wé6bui wébck wé6b)jj w6beb wé6bqgh wé6bzs wé6ctx w6cuj w6cxo wé6ceh w6cus w6cpq wécyx w6cui w6cwn w6cjn w6cha w6dbx w6dyl wédtl w6dyj w6dyh wédgu wé6dfr w6dse w6dzu w6dog w6dkx wé6dyi w6efc wé6eaq w6lev w6efj k6avl k7bf vebgo wT7iy w7imo wits wi7gj wiaov wioax wisi wimq w7un wiac wibf. W. A. Bousfield, York St., Bellerive, Tasmania wlaqt wlvw w2bew w2bfq w2bvge w2cxl w2tp w3aqi w3chk wd4lu wito wh5awd wibat w5bbk w5ibj wéavj w6avz w6azy w6bfr w6bq w6cuh wé6bvm wé6dek w6dev w6dfs w6dkx w6édow w6dq w6dqe w6vz wiacy wlaeu wiafo wiaib wials w7im wimo wirz wS8acm wSarg wS8aul wSazh wSbe w8cenh w8dhx wS8dqk w9bal w9box khab nidk wnbt ac-6ab ac-8rj ac-Sto ea-jh eb-4au eb-4di eb-4ft eb-4rk ef-Saxq ef-8bf ef-8btr ef-8fd ef-Shpg ef-Sjd ef-Svvd ef-Swb ef-8wz eg-2lz eg-2nh eg-2zc eg-5by eg-5mq eg-5sw eg-5vl eg-6ut ei-leh ek-4aap ek-4ka ek-4yt ek-4zzz em-smut en-ofp en-oga ep-lbx ew-hb na-7als na-7se ne-2be ne-3be ne-3cs nm-9a ng-2co od-lpk od-lxm ké6avl k6doe k6édey k6dpge k6dwz oo-bam op-lad op-lem op-lhr. G2B0Q, H. E. Bottle, 27 Stormont Rd., London, Ss. W. wlaba wlabx wlacm wladb wlaqp wlaze wlbyv wledq wicj wiemf wilkl wilkr wiml winf wl w2aca w2api w2apv w2ass w2baz w2bbx w2bcw bkh w2bkz w2gr w2nm n w2ad w3aef w3afj w3anh w3atq w3bce w3bjm w3car w3vg w3wm wiact w4dt winh wioc w4wo wisw wSadb wS8csv wS8dlid w8dsv ney w8hx w9atq w9dxl wSemr w%etk xnulzs -2br ne-2ca ve2ac ve8cs sa-dt3 sb-lah sb-law sb-lbs sb-2ab sb-2al sb-2i¢ sb-2ih sb-gmd _ sb-sql sc-2ab se-3ac sc-3cj sg-a7 su-Ina su-2bt.

SVGL, S. Julia, John Antjaklis, c/o A. R. R. L. Hartford wlair wlaj wlby wlcia-wlckp wlenf wljm wlmx wlup w2and w2oab w2aop w2apb w2apd w2apy w 2ax! w2bit w2exl w2czr w2fl w2ja w2mb w2sm w2ty w2uo w2vn w2xk w3anh wSaua w3ce w3cdn w3ef w3sj w4ei witha wh5apq whayl whayo w5bf whje wiyw w6aet w6am w6bck w6bel wé6boy w6bpo wébxa w6chi wéiemt wé6crz w6dfm w6dhl w6drr w6ea w6ec w6fl w6na w6wsg wife wipp wSair wSapm wS8ces wS8ce wS8cz w8rb wSxas w9baz wScb wSct wIctz wIczh wIdmj wSeln w9fdr w9fhy w9hr w9xi . ef-Samda wlbw wlmv wlaxa wink wicz wlaaw wlatz wlyc wlask wice wlasf wilby wicpj winj wirf wlask Wwlid wlblf wlgh wlayj wlle wileed wiry wilbvr wldm wlauc wlbbn wigw wlii wlbas wlbdy wichz wicnz wlkh wilbq wlafl wlmo wirp wlamf wizl wirn

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Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

Page 104

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Makers ef high quality condensers that are Built Better — to endure. Write for The Research Worker. A free monthly publication. AEROVOX WIRELESS CORPORATION 68 Washington Street Brooklyn, N. Y. wialr wlakm wifi wlesx wlapr wichg wiaks wlamj wibaqt wlaus wlaxx widl wictp wlabd wicmf wicje wladm wimk wicd wlahv wilals wiqv wirf wlakm wirx wicaa wlaaw wlaqt wlbx wlavj wilab wiha wibkq wlag wlbew wlmy wlbgr wicm wicdi wicmp wipe wlbhm wizs wlidi wlafr wlad wlaba wlasy wlate wlabd wlikw wibke wlaqt wlgw wlaja wlsz wljl wlbux wlave wixr wifn wlajx wija wiry wlwl w2pn w2ang w2bev w2chz w2cxl w2ats w2aj w2bse w2bev w2aeo w2avq w2bne w2bif w2agw w2ku w2acw w2qu w2ax w2adb w2fc w2wi w2abp w2bvg w2arm w2bu w2bjm w2bir w2dg w2box w2afi w2bda w2fz w2bdh w2ft w2ani w2cty w2adl w2bg w2avb w2baz w2azk w2ake w2chi w2bxr w2ues w2bfq w2bi w2ty w2afv w2ayk w2bet w2bzf w2bbx w2bci w2bow w2aub w2alu w2avb w2dr w2ja w2awu w2ajq w2cua w2afr w2kx w2agn wZadg w2cua w2tp w2uo w2aol w2ber w2bgh w20g w2bvg w2bb w2api w2bbh w2jp w2byw w2dh w2sm w2afo w2tr w2az w2bvh w2abe w2kaz w2aqk w2aqo w2aop w2cot w2axz wate w2bic w2ama w2fs w2bgt w2ass w2hr w2bme w2acn w2bhv w2gr w2cgj w2ol w2arp w2cyx w2bad w2baa w2atq w2ags w3ld w3auv w3sh w3aqm wie w3beg w3sz w3bt w3dh w3aoj w3awf w3aqz w3amx w3ahl w3cfg w3aio w3adp w3uarq w3aib w3bq w3sm w3cej w3ec w3lz w3gw w3sj w3akv w3wj w8ckj w3apf w3anb w3ais w3pf w3apx w3cc w3an w3bo w3ceb w3ag w3oh w3rb w3buv w3hf w3aol w3¢fa wi3afa w3ku w3aih w3ais w3cj w3aut wirk w4gl wijm w4ac wiob wika w4ei w4pz wita w4paf wieac w4mi w4jd wi4oc w4aer w4bl wifu wiwe wilx wist wiaef wiwm wiox wibb witg wiado wiadg wikv wdaap w4js w4ux wédlir w6éam wédev wé6crs w6adh wé6ec w6yb wi5amo w5iqo whiaqe wiyw whoa wiatf w6aav w5bj w5uk wiyb wiamg whidkg wiek wibeu wimx wSaly wS8pq wS8awu wS8cvo wS8bre w8cqe wSaff wS8cvs wS8dhx wS8cxd wS8cjx w8bbp w8dh wSbww wS8atv w8on wS8pl wS8bhz w8xa w8ajt w8bqm wS8bqr wS8ajy w8chz wS8dce wS8lt wS8dsi w8ajv w8dem wS8ahe wS8cud wSdod w8dme wS8ayj w8crd w8axa w8dax w8lcem wS8air w8dpa w8cke wS8cjb wS8baj w8li w8cnx wS8ccr wSced w8ccm wS8ctx wS8drj w8ate w8bm wS8wp wScae w8aj wSbox wS8cvs wSaxz wS8aig w8aoc w8bki w8bns w8czr w8bja wS8auc w8cch w8agq w&ctl w8bf w8zg wSayw wS8cla w8bto w8mup w8czq w8gz wS8aok wS8kr wS8bit wS8avp wS8dcc w9hj w9bpq w9cis w9bpm wSefo w9dk w9cjw w9enp w9eld w9baz wSdw w9uu w9beq w9bae wcrd wIcuy w9baz w9ecrz w9nr w9avz w9bxb w9ez w9bko wScvv w9ju wIckm wSclp w9ahq wSeqk w9tq w9dzt w9dk w9dnm w9bgd w9fao w9bem weep w9ack w9kb w9beq w9rk w9bwo w9cia w9exc w9evr w9fat w9fs wIcye w9erh wIcrl w9dfx w9des w9eju w9dkk w9ewv w9a0f w9cn w9na w9ejo wSeey w9cst. WIRY. R. F. Hathaway, 23 West Weir St., Taunton, Mass (20-meter band) eb-4au eb-4cb eb-4el eb-4rs ed-7bb ed-7mt ed-7zg ee-ear6 ee-ear65 ef-Saxq ef-Sbf ef-8btr ef-8cp ef-8ct ef-8eo0 ef-8fc ef-8fd ef-8fr ef-8ft ef-8gyd ef-S8he ef-Sho ef-8il ef-8jr ef-Slee ef-S8nox ef-Sorm ef-8pam ef-8px ef-8rrr ef-9x0 eg-2a0 eg-2ax ex-Sax eg-2bm eg-2cx eg-2dl eg-2ii eg-2kf eg-2ms eg-2nh eg-2nm _ eg-2od eg-20q eg-2sc eg-2vq eg-2xv eg-2xy eg-2zc eg-bad eg-5br eg-5bby eg-5bz eg-5ha e«g-5hs eg-5jo eg-5jw eg-5kl eg-5ku eg-5ls eg-5bma eg-3ml eg-5mq eg-5ms eg-5bqv eg-5isk eg-5us eg-5vl eg-ibwq eg-5yk eg-5byx eg-5yz eg-6by eg-6ci eg-6dr eg-6fa eg-6gz eg-6hp eg-6ia eg-6jk eg-6lb eg-6oh eg-Goo eg-6pi eg-6qb eg-6rb eg-6rw eg-6sm eg-6ta eg-6tx eg-6uo eg-6ut eg-6vp eg-6wd eg-6wi eg-6wl eg-6wo eg-6wt eg-G6wy eg-6yk eg-6yq eg-Gyv eg-6za ei-lau ej-lcr ei-ldr ei-ldy ei-lfp ei-lgw ej-lpo ej-7dd ek-4abn ek-4abv ek-4au ek-4jl ek-4oa ek-4yt em-smuk em-smuv’_ em-smazf en-obu en-owr en-ozf eo-lid eo-12b eo-17c eo-18b ep-laa ep-lae ep-lbx ep-lIcg fe-egez fm-S8rit fm-tun2 fo-asz fo-a4dx fo-al7n gc-5xq gc-6nx gi-2it gi-5mo gi-Gyw ne-Sae ne-Srg ne-Swg nh-ca nj-2pa np-agf np-4ja np-4sa np-2ac np-2kp nr-2fg ny-5box oa-2rx oa-2uk oa-2yi oa-3gr oa-4rb oh-6cefn oh-6clj oz-lfv oz-2ac oz-2bp oz-3aw sb-lah sb-law sb-lib sb-2ar sb-2ax sb-2az sb-2ih sc-3ac su-lbe su-led su-lev su-2ah. W4BB, Henry J. Nicks, Jr., 302 Safford Ave., Tarpon Springs, Fla. (20-meter band) k4ja k4sa oa-3gr oa-5by oa-5dx oa-Shg oa-3jj oa-2yi oa-3kp oa-2uk oz-3az oz-lap oz-ll na-7afu kéavi k6dey sb-lar sb-lib sb-2ar. (40-meter band) eg-5hs fm-Sssr fe-suw ear73 eeg-2bqh ac-Sag ac-lax eb-4xs oz-2go ef-8btp eg-7ew op-lbj ed-7xx nz-wucs eg-2cc su-lfb ei-lpy ek-40a eg-2bcq. Say You Saw It In QS T—It Identifies You and Helps QST