QST 1928-08: Vol 12 Iss 8

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NN Pee tm 0ST ae ENTI RELY sine | AMATEUR, | RADI | PUBLIZHED ZINCE (915 By THE AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE INC. ylleled SS olecti Vityf AA New Development— rethaastie Wave filter “ape ss, - Complete Description ~~ and Building Specifications > = IN THIS ISSUE AUGUST 1928

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A NEW AMATEUR BAND WAVEMETER 7 58 AMATEUR BAND WAVEMETER - - PRICE $20.00 e 558 Wavemeter is designed to meet the requirements of the new amateur assign- ve coils are provided covering the 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 meter bands. The indicator eon type. Each instrument is individually calibrated with an accuracy of '4 of 1% GENERAL RADIO Co Write for new Bulletin No. 930 with direct to consumer prices. You will find many items of interest. ite St., Cambridge, Mass. 274 Brannan St., San Francisco, Calif. ————, —

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» LE Jhe Official Organ of the ARRL VOLUME XII AUGUST, 1928 NUMBER 8 aN = Editorials Overhauling the Transmitter for 1929 Concerning Lunar Effects on Electromagnetic Waves l‘ollowing the “Southern Cross” to Brisbane Acoustic Wave Filters and Audio Frequency Selectivity Scme More About Amateur Television Army-Amateur Activities in the Philippines The 1928 International Relay Party ‘ ° . ° Amateur Calls Changing ‘ . ° ° An Effective Antenna Tuning System 28,000 Kilocycles—And How! . . é ° é Northwestern Division Convention ‘ . ‘ e Standard Frequency Stations Needed . . ° e Filter Circuits i . Pe ° Additional Notes on Iron Core Reactances ‘ ° m Rocky Mountain Division Convention Central Division Convention (Ohio) ° e Cemmunications Department ‘ e . ° ° L.A.R.I New . ° ° ° ° Calls Heard ° ° ° ° ° Correspondence : ° ° ° . Central Division Convention (Wisconsin) e Book Reviews and References ; , ° ° Atlantic Division Convention Hamads ‘ . . ‘ ° ° QRAs Index of Advertiser Ross A. Hull 9 Greenleaf W. Picard J. Walter Frates 21 : R. B. Bourne 23 Harold P. Westman 30 Louis R. Huber 33 4 R B Bourne 36 Harold P. Westman 37 Clyde D. E. Farrar 43 Re plogle 46 ~~ T Harold P. Westman, Technical Editor QST is published monthly by The American Radio Relay League, Inc., at Hartford, Conn., U. S. Official Organ of the A.R.R.L. and the International Amateur Radio Union Kenneth B. Warner (Secretary, A.R.R.L.), Editor-in-Chief and Business Manager Ross A. Hull, Circulation M tion rete in United States and Possessions, Canada, and all countriesin the American Fostal Union, $2.50 I iid. Single copies, 25 cents. Foreign countries notin American Postal Union, $3.00 per year, postpaid international postal or express money order or bank draft negotiable in the U. S. and for an equivalent amount in ed as second-class matter May 29.1919, at the post office at Hartford. Conne ticut, under the act of March 3, 1879 for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 110 Act of October 5, 1917, authorized September litional entry as second-class matter, acceptable at srecial rate of postage provided for above, at Springfield uthorized Sevtember 17, 1924. ; Copyright 1928 by the American Radio Relay League, Ine. Title registered at United States Patent Office Member of the Radio Magazine Publishers’ Association Associate Technical Editor F. Cheyney Beekley. Managing Editor and Advertising Manager David H, Houghton, Remittances should J. S. funds. — anager er year, Accept- 1999 ) ry Mass.,

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The American Radio Relay League The American Radio Relay League, Inc., is a non-commercial ciation of radio amateurs, bonded for the promotion of interest in ateur radio communication and experimentation, for the relay- messages by radio, for the advancemen, of the radio art and he public welfare, for the representation of the radio amateur in ative matters, and for the maintenance of fraternalism and a standard of conduct. It is an incorporated association without capital stock, chartered r the laws of Connecticut. Its affairs are governed by a Board Directors, elected every two years by the general membership. The rs are elected or appointed by the Directors. The League is non- nercial and no one commercially engaged in the manufacture, sale ntal of radio apparatus is eligible to membership on its board. “Of, by and for the amateur”, it numbers within its ranks prac- y every worth-while amateur in the world and has a history of us achievement as the standard-bearer in amateur affairs. Inquiries regarding membership are solicited. A bona fide in- in amateur radio is the only essential qualification; ownership a transmitting station and knowledge of the code are not prere- site. Correspondence should be addressed to the Secretary. Directors President Dakota Division Pacific Division M PERCY MAXIM Cc. M. JANSKY, JR. ALLEN H. BABCOCK r 2192, Dept. of Elec. Eng., U. of M., 65 Market St., I, Conn. Minneapolis, Minn. Southern Pacific Co., a ad San Francisco Delta Division sobdent BENJ. F. PAINTER Seinen init STEWART 424 Hamilton Nat'l Bank Bldg., > a ae aa a Oe d’s, Pa. Chattanooga, Tenn. W. TREDWAY GRAVELY Box 245, Hudson Divisio Danville, Va. n DR. LAWRENCE J. DUNN neral Manager 480 East 19th St . tae I tUSSE . + ky Mountain Division ———— Brooklyn, N. Y. Roe AUL M. SEGAL Ont. Midwest Division Box 1771 PORTER H. QUINBY Denver, Colo. 817 Lauderman Building, Meee : Division St. Louis, Mo. ee an ae New England Division c » tebbe & Wey Se. aa DR. ELLIOTT A. WHITE 245 Spring St.. N. W., — aa Dartmouth College, Atlanta. Ga Hanover, N. H. ; ‘ Division Northwestern Division West Gulf Division E. DARR K. W. WEINGARTEN FRANK M. CORLETT Highland Park, 3219 No. 24th St., 2515 Catherine St., roit, Mich. Tacoma, Wash. Dallas, Tex. Officers a oe a ae ee H1raAM Percy Maxim, Hartford,Conn. President . . . . . . CHAS. H. Stewart, St. David’s, Pa. tary. . « « « « «+ KENNETH B. WARNER, Hartford, Conn. er . . . . « . . ARTHUR A. HEBERT, Hartford, Conn. nications Manager . . F. Epwarp HAnpy, Hartford, Conn. ERAL CORRESPONDENCE TO THE EXECUTIVE HEADQUARTERS AT HARTFORD, CONN

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EDITORIALS VERY month Ye Ed sits down to dash off a bit of running comment for this page. As the years roll by it becomes a record of our progress, for in it are re- corded the high-lights of our changing status from month to month, Sometimes there is a sermon to preach, sometimes an opportunity to exult over an amateur ac- complishment, sometimes a note of warn- ing to sound, sometimes an opportunity to let loose and rollick in the sheer joy of be- ing an amateur. Always it seems that those subjects which are “hottest” in the life of amateur radio at the moment are legitimate topics for editorial review. To most of amateur radio the most im- portant thing on the hook these days is the Washington Convention of 1927 and the effects which it will have upon amateur radio beginning in 1929. Now, in mid- summer, with half of the time gone by, seems a good moment to take stock of the situation. The world has had the Wash- ington Convention for half a year. In half a year more its provisions go into effect. Already there are numerous signs that a busy radio world is at work adjusting it- self to the new requirements. Thousands of changes, from drastic to trivial, are hav- ing to be made throughout the vast world- wide structure of radio, but already, bit by bit, things are dropping into their proper notches. It is possible now to get some sort of picture of the changing scene. As we look it over carefully from the amateur standpoint, we find it quite reas- suring. A few months ago we had grave doubts about some of the features which affected us, but no longer. We see now no reason to doubt that we shall be happy next year. Promptly upon the ratification of the treaty by this country, our Federal Radio Commission started action and a really considerable amount of progress has been made, particularly in the short wave field which interests us. One of its actions in particular needs some explaining. Our “40-meter” and “20-meter” bands now read 7,000-8,000 Ke. and 14,000-16,000 Ke., respectively. Next year they will read 7,000-7,300 Ke. and 14,000-14,400 Kce., re- spectively. What of the territory we lose, 7300-8,000 Ke. and 14,400-16,000 Ke.?— what is to become of it? It goes to fixed stations, and it contains some mighty val- uable channels. Now it must be understood that all around the world there is a mad race to get commercial short-wave stations established, a race taking on the propor- tions of a gold rush, for it must be remem- bered that there are only so many chan- nels available and that priority in the right to use a frequency is to be established only by actually getting on the air and oc- cupying it. These portions of our bands which we lose next year have never been assigned to amateurs in most countries and so are fully available in those countries for commercial occupation. Our country with its tremendous business enterprises is experiencing more of a demand for channels than any other country. If it waits until the end of the year to make assignments in these bands which then automatically become non-amateur bands, it will find them all claim-staked by other nations. What to do? The Commission has adopted what is about the only possi- ble policy in the matter, the immediate issuing of construction permits to com- mercial firms in this country to occupy frequencies in these portions of our bands. It involves another sacrifice on our part in- sofar as it means that we will not have the exclusive occupancy of our bands until the end of the year. Twenty-one commer- cial channels have been assigned in the 7,300-8,000 Ke. territory and twenty-seven channels in the 14,400-16,000 Ke. band. There is one redeeming feature. The sta- tions thus authorized will actually get into operation but slowly, and gradually, dur- ing the remaining months of the year. What will happen to us, then, will be to experience a gradually increasing number of interfering stations in “our” bands. It will be almost time for the change-over to the narrowed bands. It seems to us that this process of gradually reducing the ef- fectiveness of our bands by the infiltration of commercial stations during the late months of the year actually may be much better and easier for us than to attempt to work with full width up to midnight of December 31st and immediately thereafter rearrange ourselves in the much narrower territory. There are two points in this for us: we must not now be alarmed when we hear an occasional United States com- mercial station working in those portions of the bands which will not be ours next year; and amateur rebuilding operations, particularly where they involve crystal con-

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nternational ve based on a frequency which thin next year’s bands, and thus such interference. tions are going on around the yve commercial stations that now what will be next year’s amateur | because the outside territory is eing occupied by new stations it expected that all the proprietors ns operating in the 7,000-7,300 10-14,400 Ke. bands will move as is possible, as these bands must be lusively to amateur radio after the year. result to be expected of the of commercial stations within we are soon to lose is the non-amateur “amateur” sta- operating in the low-frequency * our bands, to channels now as commercial and thus clear of year’s bands—and under com- enses, too, not amateur! een decided that our “80-meter” -meter” bands, which it is inter- agreed may be shared with mo- fixed services, will in this country le throughout their extent to and will not be shared with com- bile and fixed services. This we will share these bands only mobile stations and Naval air- s is the same arrangement which had in effect for several years has caused no inconvenience to There are, incidentally, sixteen our “80-meter” band that wiil naval aircraft, but at sea un- stances where we may expect to have but little effect on mportant band. numerous other little signs of of readjustment, Amateur gradually being changed to ac- provisions of the treaty. The vernment is discussing the wave- made available to British The Australian government is be considering the continuation rity to Australian amateurs to meter wave because Australia away from congested localities national interference would not government is considering a tion for American amateurs so asional off-wave operation will ly to produce interference of field strength. There is much amateur circles about’ the soliciting some regulations re- type of power supply which uuld use next year, so as to ast the abolition of the hated hs ago we proposed a scheme ding the “40-meter” and “20- amateur bands be- OST tween various groups of nations, in the thought that some such plan was essential if international communication was to go on. We presented it as a suggestion for discussion. There seems to be considera- ble sentiment to the effect that such a plan is not essential, and it seems to us that any such optimism is a most healthy and wholesome sign. We ourselves are not yet prepared to adopt this view, and to us it still seems that some such coéperative plan is extremely desirable, and that the pre- cision we must attain next year will make it something quite possible of realization. The growing sentiment seems to be, though, that we could well leave these bands in- ternationally free-for-all, and that in a short time the natural readjustment of amateurs amongst various bands and the natural dividing of their operating hours by differences in time will result in a sat- isfactory situation. We don’t know—we want to think it over some more. Technically there is much to report. We were quite worried about this situation a few months ago. It seemed to us that the 1929 requirements were so severe that many stations would have to be junked and very extensive rebuilding undertaken. A few months of hard work on the problem now indicate that it will be possible to im- prove apparatus easily, That is a _ tre- mendous relief. For example we are very proud to be able to present in this issue an excellent article on the simple changes that may be made in self-excited transmit- ters to make them serviceable under 1929 conditions, and another article relating the construction of a simple gadget which may be affixed to an autodyne receiver and which, if the transmitters put forth “1929” signals, will give 1929 selectivity in re- ception. We feel very happy about this, for the self-excited oscillator is our sim- plest transmitter and the autodyne is our simplest receiver, both being in use in by far the majority of the amateur stations of the world. It may be said, in fact, that the presentation of these two articles con- stitutes one entirely adequate answer to the problem raised by the necessity for hav- ing better transmitters and better receivers in 1929. Of course we do not stop there. The A.R.R.L. Technical Development Pro- gram is now in full swing and is moving on to higher-powered transmitters, transmit- ters better than those which attain the re- sults described in this month’s article, the development of more selective receivers, the evolution of satisfactory amateur fre- quency-meters. the development of ten meters, etc. We now have every confidence that the technical difficulties will be over- come and that we are going to have just as much success and enjoyment from opera- tion in 1929 as ever before—perhaps a lot (Concluded on Page 19) AUGUST, 1928 rr

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AUGUST, 1928 OST 9 Overhauling the Transmitter for 1929 Some Modifications Which Permit Substantial Advances in Self- Excited Circuit Performance. By Ross A. Hull* Foreseeing the inevitable change in operating conditions in 1929 and appreciating the urgent need for modification and improvement of amateur equipment, the A.R.R.L. Board of Directors appropriated a sum from the League’s surplus for the conduct of a program of investigation and development of amateur transmitters and receivers. from the first phase of the program work—a study of self-excited transmitters. It is, we feel, one of the most important articles ever published for the radio amateur. most carefully, and apply its information, for it contains salvation for 1929.—Editor. This article embodies the conclusions resulting Let every amateur study it N any undertaking, I suppose, half the battle, or at least an appreciable frac- tion of it, is in the determination of a method of attack—the drafting of a procedure and a policy. Anyway, in the instance of the A.R.R.L. Technical Devel- opment Program we found this to be true. f consideration. Of the several scores of possible fields of endeavor, we thought, there is at least one which we can delete. Hartleys, Colpitts and Tuned-grid tuned- plates have been in general use throughout the world for years, and amateurs, experi- menters and scientists have sought con- A SIMPLE TRANSMITTER WITH A “1929 TYPE” PERFORMANCE Incorporating a Hartley circuit and differing only in the arrangement of its plate “tank”, this transmitter, when carefully tuned, is capable of producing signala that are up to any reasonable standard which could be set for next year. The use of a High-C plate circuit results in unusually heavy circulat- ing currents and, in consequence, particularly heavy conductor must be used for the coil and its leads to the tuning condenser. Except for the filament lead and on the antenna coil (where the currents are relatively low) clips for connections are absolutely banned. There was, for example, the apparently simple question of whether the present-day self-excited circuits were worthy of any *Associate Technical Editor, QST. In A.R.R.L. Technical Development Program. charge stantly to improve them. And yet, we re- flected, with all the developments and ad- vances of recent times, if the world’s crystal-controlled and _ oscillator-amplifier amateur transmitters could be taken off

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the morrow there would be about mstant frequency and unmod- ulat ils left. Most certainly, we de- cided, lf-excited circuits are the bunk. Th had six or seven years in which to pr r worth and in all that time they icceeded in making a variety of hor noises; let’s forget them and brea me brand new territory. B ve have said at the start, de- ¥-Ae) ENT > 300 400 PLATE VOLTAGE 500s FIG WING WHY AN UNRECTIFIED OR IMPER rLY FILTERED PLATE SUPPLY CAN CAUSI TRANSMITTER TO MONOPOLIZE E SECTIONS OF THE BAND From Cu \ it can be seen that in a typical 1928 vorly adjusted, the frequency “flutter” ple’ of 100 volts in the plate supply can as 4 Ke., ander which conditions the note m Curve B—the performance of the adjusted correctly—the “‘fintter”’ plate supply is seen to be negligible. note would be a “musical d.c’’. transm due to a be as hig is “hash Fr same mitter with a In this o cisior h matters comprise at least a f1 * the battle—and even frac- tions ; cannot be dismissed so sim- ply rue, we reflected on second far the majority of pres- eur transmitters are built arour ted circuits; it is true that >} have been the very founda- ide amateur radio communi- true that the scrapping of self- exc ts would mean the scrapping of f existing amateur trans- t, then, the self-excited cir- of the biggest things in mused. Is it not de- servi most detailed study and in- ble, in the attempt to pre- ve ugh it has done its work in noisy fashion throughout the was written into the pro- amat we vet . ible gram tivities, at the head of what is n aborate document, a Problem On tudy of Present Day Self- Exe Lit The Possibilities, if any, of TI > in 1929”, OsT AUGUST, 1928 “Why, we might spend a month on the problem,” said Perry Briggs, 1BGF (who was destined to do the study) “and then we might find that they always will mean swinging, chirping, rattles and mush!” Little did we think at the time that it would be possible to make the statement that we now can make with complete con- fidence—that all standard self excited cir- cuits can produce signals that will comply with any reasonable standard set for 1929 if only they are built and operated intelli- gently. But there is a lot hanging to those last four words. There is in fact this en- tire story. TRANSMITTERS UNDER A MICROSCOPE The first requirement in the study un- dertaken was, of course, a means of exam- ining the performance of any type of transmitter in precise detail. It would not serve, we realized, to put the various trans- mitters on the air and ask QRK? QSB? QSSS? and then decide from the various FB’s and QSA’s received in reply that 1929 was a cinch. Instead, we had to provide for some electrical miscroscope through which we could examine and reduce to black and white the actual performance of any transmitter under any conceivable set of conditions. The most useful apparatus used in this work was an enlarged and modified version of the “Growler” (a shielded oscillator). Built within a large copper wash-boiler this oscillator was pro- ] | | ONE OF THE “1928 TYPE” TRANSMITTERS RESPONSIBLE FOR SOME OF THE CURVES ON THESE PAGES As an example of the use of long condenser leads and clips the arrangement is one to be avoided. The wide separation of the tube, the condensers and the coils does not permit the short stiff leads which are to play such an important part in obtaining a “1929” performance. vided, in addition to the usual tuning con- trol, with a vernier straight line frequency condenser giving a full scale tuning range

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he ho =n in at n- y- 9 i- e l- AUGUST, 1928 of about 28 Ke. The output of the oscilla- tor was fed through a three-stage resist- ance-coupled audio-frequency amplifier to a loud speaker of high quality, so giving some hope of a reasonably flat audio frequency response curve. To provide for quantita- tive observation the oscillator was cali- brated roughly on the major tuning dial and with a certain degree of precision on the vernier. The calibration curve for the latter control, incidentally, was obtained by CIRCUIT — HARTLEY CONDITIONS -VARIOUS FREQUENCY (Ke.) 40 45 50 35 60 65 70 ANTENNA TUNING (Scale Divisions) OST automatically doubly checked as the work proceeded. A third and even a fourth check was made possible by detuning the oscilla- tors to musical octaves (2000 and 3000 cy- cles) as well as by 1000 cycles. Possessed with a “musical ear” and _ considerable patience, we thought, the amateur could well calibrate his 1929 frequency meter in this manner from one known point on the scale! The purpose in providing and calibrat- ing a vernier of this type was to supply a means of observing the swing or drift in the frequency out- put of any transmitter due to prearranged variations in plate voltage, filament voltage or antenna con- stants, and to measure it down to about 100 cycles. Fortunately, the “Boiler” proved highly satisfactory for this work, and during some hundreds of compari- sons of circuits, transmit- ters and constants, it was run almost’ continuously for several weeks. @ ~ © THE “BEST’ CIRCUIT A detailed study of the data obtained revealed in all its brilliance the fact (which we had so long thought true) that all standard self-excited cir- cuits, irrespective of how carefully designed and built they may be, are 1 equally and any time capa- ble of producing truly wretched signals. And, con- in ANTENNA CURRENT (AMPS) > FIG. 2 A FAMILY OF ANTENNA TUNING-VS.-FREQUENCY CURVES OBTAINED WITH MISCELLANEOUS VALUES OF ANTENNA COUPLING IN A “1928 TYPE” TRANSMITTER The splendid gain in frequency stability provided by loose antenna coupling can be seen by a comparison of Curves A, Al and B, Bl. The former were plotted with “two-inch” antenna coupling and the latter with “five-inch” coupling. The dark lines indicate the variation ef antenna current as the antenna is tuned up to and past resonance while the light lines show the change in frequency resulting. i versely, that all such cir- cuits, when correctly ar- ranged and tuned, can be made to produce signals that are veritably above criticism. Along with this we can insist with limitless assurance that the per- the rather unusual method of checking the beats produced by the oscillator against a second radio frequency oscillator, directly with a one thousand cycle, electrically driven tuning fork supplying energy of that frequency to one of a pair of head phones. After adjusting the two r.f. os- cillators to zero beat (the output of one being in the second head-phone) the second r.f. oscillator was detuned until a one thou- sand cycle beat was obtained, first on one side and then on the other. At these two points, in turn, the oscillators were again set to zero beat and the detuning to one thousand cycles repeated, each point being formance of the various standard circuits actually is equiv- alent — that the Tuned-grid tuned- plate cannot be said to be “better” than the Hartley or the Hartley “better” than the Colpitts unless detailed qualifica- tions be included in the statement. Which is, after all, merely a reiteration of QST’s claim of all the years—that “that circuit is best with which you are most familiar.” THIS TUNING BUSINESS And now, in all humility, let us ask to be pardoned if we appear excessively frank in the statement of some further deductions We are con- resulting from the study.

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instance, that if all amateur " the world, without any changes in tl iipment, were to be displaced by aon eration of amateurs having a tanding of transmitter tuning, + + | | CIRCUIT - HARTLEY | CONDITIONS — No.3

A 1 T - » . +— 82 . = E is iy }—+—+ —+ + Y ‘ regency K rae , ) ae | _—'! Ts |Anktenpa \Cutreht | > s 4 + + + + + + + -_¢~ i | qv = - x

= a 70 75 < 60 : es VNA TUNING (Scale Divisions) FIG NDICATING THE FREQUENCY CHANGES RES! I FROM ANTENNA DETUNING IN A ryYPICAL HARTLEY CIRCUIT A chang rom “two-inch” to “four-inch” coupling in thie case shows an avoidance of the “double reson- ance } with an insignificant sacrifice of an- tenna ent, and a vast improvement in the fre- quen ange The necessity of detuning the an- tenna particular direction is shown clearly in these to put their knowledge into eff etely satisfactory operation in h iteur bands would be inevitable. In nd more abruptly, the chief ail- mi present day amateur radio are hing the keys. They have built tl ver supplies with one thing in age; they have tuned their vith just a single thought— -ent—they have pounded out but one purpose—DX; and very foundation of the whole been left to splutter, wobble, tle across great slices of the , of some dizzy FB’s and Q n, in most cases, with about as as the pleasantries passed sounter by a grocer’s clerk to I rs. Whew! there is not the slightest ques- condition has been a natural mateur bands have been wide a tragedy if one station did le of hundred kilocycles. The ration has been a relatively for the fields beyond the f e almost vacant. Further, a ly signal has been readable be- ually could wobble a long way OST AUGUST, 1928

before it ran into another station. It is not surprising that amateurs have been careful of everything except their signal; that with certain obvious exceptions the correct tuning of a transmitter was the result of accident rather than design, In 1929, as we have already suggested, it will not be essential for all transmitters to be rebuilt. It will, however, without the slightest doubt, be absolutely necessary for all amateurs to make it their business to learn the finer points of transmitter tuning; to learn exactly how to make their signals conform with the high standard to be re- quired in 1929 and to provide the means of checking, within the station, the character of the signal being transmitted. For the success or failure of amateur radio in the future is to depend chiefly upon the per- sonal element—the men behind the keys. THE “1929” SIGNAL At this stage it would be well perhaps to outline the specification of what is now considered to be the desirable 1929 signal, drawn up after close study of the require- ments and since checked by experiment to determine its complete practicability, I: should be understood that this specification does not cover the most desirable signal but rather that signal, attainable with even the most modest equipment that will permit its owner to identify himself as a sincere dyed-in-the-wool radio amateur.

‘ HARTLEY-T.G.T.P 4 GRCUITS~ cov pitts -veTRAuoion|— TI CONDITIONS - VARIOUS So ee a

8 x & z 17 ] 4 ~) -) oes = w z 5 x 7108} TH0¢+- , i4 nos} + 4 | M02} - t + +3 ¢4@ BRS ae®: 40 4 50 55 60 65 70 1S

ANTENNA TUNING (SCALE DIVISIONS) FIG. 4. SOME SIMILARLY POOR PERFORM- ANCES OBTAINED WITH FOUR DIFFERENT CIRCUITS Selected average curves obtained with poorly adjusted Tuned-grid tuned-plate Hartley, Colpitts and UI- traudion circuits are shown. The 1929 signal, in the first place, must be entirely within the limits of the band. Then, its frequency “flutter” due to ir-

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she ps yw al, to on al en it re AuGUST, 1928 regularities of plate supply must not ex- ceed about 1/30 of 1% (approximately 250 cycles at 40 meters). We'll say more on that later. In addition, the frequency of the signal must be relatively constant. The signal must not “shimmy” as the antenna vibrates, it should not “chirp” as it is keyed, nor can it “creep” appreciably as the line voltage fluctuates or the tube heats. In short, the frequency of the first dot transmitted should be within 1/10 of 1% (about 750 cycles at 40 meters) of the hundredth dot, even if the plate has red- dened or the line voltage drifted in the meantime. And at the end of a few hours of operation the frequency should not have strayed much farther. MEASURING PERFORMANCE An examination of these requirements showed clearly that we could, in our Lab- oratory, even with the limited facilities, determine just when a transmitter came aa | nt 1126+ + } + +++ 4 A Scull | a Q HARTLEY-T.G.T.P |_| CIRCUITS coy pitts-uLTRAUOION, | 7124+ " 122} | CONDITIONS - VARIOUS Bes 1120 ee ee 2 ee a KY "8 } a | — ee ee) = e We m1 & oe | 2 _|}.4 : Hae | oe > | | ed Wz — = wy | | v gy THO} + 4 s& u = & 1108} -— 5 & $ TIO6} +148 oe - = T102 43 | = = — i 40 45 sO 55 © 65 70 7S ANTENNA TUNING (Score Oivisions) FIG. 5 CURVES TAKEN WITH THE SAME CIRCUITS RESPONSIBLE FOR FIG. 4 ADJUSTED TO GIVE THEIR BEST PERFORMANCE Being representative of the capabilities of average present day self-excited transmitters, these and other similar curves are proving of great value to use in comparisons with those obtained with transmitters of modified or more advanced type. up to the specification, and, if it did not, by just how much it failed. And so, at the outset, we built a transmitter with the closest possible electrical resemblance to the average low-powered amateur trans- mitter of the present day in order that we could plot in black and white the exact amounts by which it missed the mark un- der a variety of conditions. tight here we must delve into a discus- sion of notes with the hope of clearing up some of the widespread misunderstanding which exists. First let us state that there are three distinct groups into which all notes can be divided. They are (a) the OST “pure d.c.” produced by a transmitter emit- ting a single frequency (which incidentally is an extremely uncommon and rather un- desirable note). (b) The “musical” note, resulting from a signal which is modulated by plate supply ripple in amplitude only (good erystal control transmitters with rippled plate supplies give them), And (c) the “mush” note, which is the outcome of a signal both “fluttered” in frequency A REAR VIEW OF THE “1929 TYPE” LOW- POWERED HARTLEY The tube socket being mounted on top of the plate tuning condenser, its plate and grid terminals are particularly convenient to the leads between the con- denser and the coil on to which they are connected through the plate and grid condensers. And the left is the antenna tuning unit, consisting of a coil— which is moved along the glass rods for variation of antenna coupling—a condenser, and a_ thermo- couple ammeter. The meter, though mounted on the condenser, must be insulated from it. The plate choke can be seen between the two variable condensers. Aside from their use in supporting the antenna coil, the glass rods also serve to prevent the plate coil from vibrating. and modulated in amplitude by the plate supply. The important point is that note “a”— the “pure d.c”, occupies the least possible amount of territory, with note “b” coming next and occupying slightly more territory on account of the side-bands resulting from the modulation. Note “c”, however, though obtained from the same plate supply that gave note “b”, can well occupy ten times the territory, for the output “frequency” of the transmitter is buzzing across a whole band of frequencies, Our first interest, therefore, was an actual measurement of the frequency change due to changes in plate voltage—that undesirable characteristic of self-excited transmitters which causes the frequency to “flutter” with any “ripple” in the plate supply. Considerable difficulty was experienced in plotting the curves shown in Figure 1 for the reason that they were planned to

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14 OST AUGUST, 1928 represent only the frequency changes SIGNALS WRECKED BY ANTENNA TUNING caused by variation of plate voltage and Early in this work it became evident that not the further changes due to resulting one of the chief factors was antenna coup- plate temperature variations. Though a ling and tuning, It was found that the high “gree of accuracy was not found performance changed radically as the an- possil the curves nevertheless were suf- tenna was tuned to resonance and beyond ficient representative of average per-_ it, and that there were certain adjustments formance to be of great value. From Figure on one side of resonance or the other at 1 it can be seen that the average trans- which the desirable conditions were ob- mitter, tuned in the average manner, and tained. This check on previous observa- operated on the 7,000-7,300 Ke. (“40- tions’ led to a most detailed study on the meter band, can have its output varied influence of antenna coupling and tuning by at least 18 Ke. with a change in plate —a study which provided a most magnifi- voltage from 100 to 500. In the “self-rec- cent check on all our previous deductions. tified r “raw a.c. supplied” transmitter In a series of some scores of curves the an- this means that during each half cycle, as tenna tuning was varied and plotted the voltage climbs to maximum and drops’ against the output frequency. At the same to zero, the frequency swishes back and time antenna current was noted at each forth across a band of more than 18 Ke! adjustment of antenna tuning and the reson- Is it any wonder that so many signals are ance curve so obtained plotted on the same just splutters, blotting out wide sections sheet. The process was then repeated at of the band? Among the curves are some _ several values of antenna coupling to pro- representing the performance of all the standard circuits and from this and other families of similar curves it has been shown defini that similarly horrible perform- ance can be obtained from all the circuits without difficulty. What is more interest- ing, however, is that the enormous improve- ment indicated by a comparison of curves “A” and “B” can be attained in any of the circuits merely by careful tuning— a TITTT TTT} | CIRCUIT - HARTLEY "1929" ~+—| CONDITIONS -NORMAL SHER RS | n a | | | | MWTENNA QRRLEWT / | - w it 0 7S Meet TiS (oma Arent) FIG. 6 IN WHICH IS SHOWN THE IMPROVE- MENT RESULTING FROM THE USE OF A HIGH-C PLATE CIRCUIT The antenne-tuning-vs.-frequency curves of the sim- ple “1929-type” Hartley taken two values of antenna coupling. Aside from their value in in- dicating the probable frequency response te antenna swaying, theee and similar curves in Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5 were found to be splendidly representative of the merit, in moet other respects, of the circuits giving them. They were taken in large numbers and given detailed consideration for this reason. reduction of the frequency “flutter” from 18,000 cycles to 600 cycles! With each curve the constants of the circuit were noted and from study of the conditions and the resulting curves a tuning procedure was evolved. But more of that anon. € f @ eo ~ ANTENNA CURRENT (AMPS) FREQUENCY (Ke) w Le _— 100 200 300 400 500 ©00 PLATE VOLTAGE FIG. 7. DEMONSTRATING WHY “D.C.” NOTES ARE NOT DIFFICULT TO OBTAIN WITH A HIGH-C PLATE CIRCUIT AND CORRECT TUNING The “1929-type” transmitter under these particular conditions changed its frequency only 400 cycles when the plate supply was dropped 400 volts. Frequency “flutter” due to plate supply ripple was therefore ex- tremely slight and a‘‘d.c.” note was obtained readily. vide at least reasonably complete data for every circuit and transmitter under every practical combination of constants. Several typical curves obtained in this manner with a standard Hartley transmitter are shown in Figure 2. The values of antenna coup- ling are indicated in inches but it should be pointed out that, except under the par- ticular conditions represented, these values are entirely meaningless. For us to say that your couping should be 2 inches would be as futile as for us to suggest that you should use 30 degrees of a condenser when we did not know its maximum capacity. The precise measure of coupling (the “coef- ficient of coupling”) involves considerations of the inductance of the two circuits and their mutual inductance and it was merely the impracticality of using this measure 1 “Some Light on Transmitter Tuning”, QST, Jaly, 1927. ee ee ee ee ee ee. ee ae ee, ee ee ae |

Page 13

hat up- the an- ond nts at ob- va- the ing ifi- ns. aAn- ted me ich on- me \ro- AUGUST, 1928 that led us to employ inches for compara- tive work. THE EFFECT OF COUPLING The important though elementary fact to be found illustrated in these curves is that as the coupling is reduced the frequency change due to variations in antenna tun- ing is steadily lowered. Two extreme ex- amples indicated by curves “A” and “B” show that a reduction in coupling from 2” to 5”, though only resulting in a 5% drop in antenna current provided at least a 57% tm- provement in frequency stability. Carried to a still greater extreme, and at the ex- pense of about half the antenna current, a condition could be obtained (Curves “C’”’) where an improvement of about 92% re- sulted. It may seem strange that these and succeeding similar curves are taken so seri- ously and given so much consideration and for this reason it might be explained that aside from indicating the responsiveness of the circuit to movements of the antenna they were found to be surprisingly representa- tive of the merit of the particular trans- mitter from all other aspects. Without a single exception the adjustments and con- stants which provided the best antenna- tuning-vs.-frequency-change curve also pro- vided the best plate-voltage-vs.-frequency curve and the best performance in general. And a more recent detailed theoretical study has shown that this should have been the case. A point of considerable interest and of the greatest importance is illustrated on the curves of Figure 3 representing the per- formance of a Hartley at two less extreme values of antenna coupling. Curves “A” in this case represent those of a typical amateur transmitter in which the antenna coupling is excessive. Two points of maxi- mum antenna current are found and rela- tively serious frequency change is indi- cated. Curves “B” represent the condi- tions with a desirable value of coupling, showing a single point of maximum an- tenna current (not appreciably lower than that of “A”) and a much improved frequency characteristic. The important point, how- ever, is that resonance occurs right at the steepest point of the frequency curve and that at this point the frequency stability under operating conditions probably will be at its lowest value. Further, it can be seen that whereas detuning of the antenna to a higher wavelength than the oscillator will mean operation on a flatter portion of the frequency curve, detuning in the op- posite direction could result in operation right at a sharp peak of the frequency curve (the upper peak of curve “A” for instance) and the possibility of a stable frequency so be made equally remote. In actual practice it was found that not only was the stability much im- OST 15 proved when the antenna was tuned to a higher wavelength (in this particular case) than the oscillator but also the note was vastly better. The latter condition result- ing, of ¢ourse, from an improved plate volt- age vs. frequency curve. When the antenna was tuned to the points “ce” and “d”, under these conditions, the note was a pure “d.c.” When it was tuned to points “e” or “f” (the antenna current being the same in each case) the note was heavily modulated and worthy only of the term “rac”. At certain iS = ULL Cs 1 "= = =) FILAMENT Supp FIG. 8 THE SIMPLIFIED HARTLEY CIRCUIT OF THE “1929 TYPE” TRANSMITTER A—Thermocouple ammeter 0-1 amps. type variable condenser. C4—250 pufd. fixed condenser. C5—2000 fd. fixed condensers. Ri—10,000 ohm. gridleak. R2—50, 100 or 200 ohms fixed resisters or Christmas Tree ps. RRC—160 turns of No. 30 gauge D.C.C. wire on %” diameter wooden rod. Li and L2 for the various bands are described under the photograph of them. values of antenna coupling this effect be- came much less marked, and at other values the “d.c.” note was obtained on the reverse side of resonance. In quite the majority of runs, however, it was found essential to de- tune on one particular side of resonance in order to obtain the best note and the maxi- mum frequency stability, A COMPARISON OF CIRCUITS Having made some preliminary studies of different circuits in regard to the varia- tions of frequency caused by changes in plate voltage, and having been impressed by the similarity of their performance, a detailed comparison was undertaken at this stage. The various circuits were set up and in tprn they were adjusted carefully to give their best performance. Then by tuning everything to resonance and by pro- viding excessive grid excitation and an- tenna coupling they were each adjusted to give a series of poor performances. Scores of curves drawn from the data so obtained proved conclusively that the Hartley,

Page 14

OST AUGUST, 1928 Tur rrid tuned-plate, Colpitts and Ul- sons of the improved performance result- tra 1 were capable of producing ing from modifications and refinements and q or frequency stability and note, so determine rapidly and definitely the rela- a1 ther hand, when they were ad-_ tive merits of the various arrangements. j ‘tly, that their maximum per- The curves representing the performance was definitely of the same order. of the “Transmitter With a 1929 Perform- In ] { is reproduced a family of typi- ance” are reproduced in Figures 6 & 7 to r curves for the standard circuits. provide just such a comparison. From these Ir es they represent similar input curves it will be seen that the simple—in pov nd, as can be seen from the reson- fact crude—rig illustrated in the photo- ar es, similar antenna current. Fig- graphs is capable of performing quite cred- selection of the best curves ob- itably. It has a frequency change when correctly tuned of but 6 Kc. as the antenna circuit is passed entirely through reson- ance. It will encounter a sudden 400-volt change of plate voltage and swing its fre- quency approximately 400 cycles. In conse- quence when operated from rectified and reasonably well filtered a.c. the “flutter” will be negligible and the output in conse- quence “musical”, In fact, even when sup- plied from the unfiltered product of a ( motor-generator it is capable of turning | ‘ { —— i >~ ti tn nnne ee Bh ob oes, 2h a a out a note that can hardly be described as other than “d.c.” Always providing, of course, that it is tuned with extreme care | in the manner to be outlined. | And the circuit of this transmitter, dis- | appointing though it may be, is nothing | more than a simplified Hartley! Through all the work we had looked forward to the possibility of being able to insist that 1929 will not necessarily mean more complex or more expensive apparatus and even if we do anticipate some “raspberries” over the crudity of our sample transmitter we can- not disguise our pleasure at being able to state just that. ’ HIGH-C CIRCUITS 2 The feature of the transmitter which is directly responsible for its rather unusual ‘ e-UP” SHOWING THE HEAVY “TANK” os =—on tT i Riga sells man EADS AND SOLID CONSTRUCTION performance is the plate oscillatory circuit, ’ and grid fixed condensers are mounted which is so proportioned as to have ry —_— imn ly under the tube socket. Below them are ponderous of capacity. Such a _ circuit, the lament by-pass condensers and the center- having a low inductance-capacity ratio (to ‘ap ament resistor. On the far side of the tube oe described as a High-C circuit) has char- ‘ he plate choke supported from the plate ae . . ‘ te On the near side is the grid leak pushed Cteristics which make its use in the self- wooden peg in the base-board. Heavy flexible excited transmitter very desirable. A wire used for the filament lead to the inductance, change from the inductance-capacity ratios ay oe Bg ye ggg Fm oy Be in general present use to those indicated mou rrents flow in the coil-condenser circuit and in Figure 8, for instance, resulted in a in this case connections between the two must be splendid improvement in the Antenna Tun- made with wing nats, or seme similar device, Inerder ing vs. Frequency curve (compare Figures 5 and 6); a distinct advance in the Plate Voltage vs. Frequency characteristic (com- pare Figures 1 and 7); and a correspond- th each circuit, input and output ing improvement in the note. Of course, s being held to the same value in some minor disadvantages are involved. A S¢ The latter curves, aside from In such High-C circuits, as the _ in- terest as proof that standard cir- ductance is reduced and the capacity re similar in their performance, correspondingly increased, the _ circulat- wel * great value to us in providing a ing current mounts rapidly. Even with sta ent of the best possible results that the UX-210 in the circuit of Figure 8, the : e expected from present day self- radio-frequency current flowing through ox j amateur transmitters. With these the plate coil and its condenser is of the surves we could make accurate compari- order of 5 amperes, while with the larger

Page 15

2sult- ; and rela- ents. lance ‘orm- 7 to these 2— in hoto- cred- vhen enna >»Son- -volt fre- ynse- and ter” ynse- sup- fia ning d as of care dis- ning ugh the 1929 C or we the an- » to h is sual ‘uit, yre- uit, (to lar- elf- tios ted un- res ate 1928 AUGUST, 1928 tubes, and similarly High-C plate circuits, currents as high as 16 or 18 amperes are to be expected. High currents such as these enormously exaggerate the weaknesses in the tuned circuits and for this reason, if self-excited circuits are to be operated suc- cessfully next year, the arrangement of the plate “tank” and the apparatus used in it will be ‘matters of the greatest possible im- portance. If a typical wire or small strip inductance of the present day is used, the losses in it will mean a drastic reduction of power. If a poor condenser is asked to do duty it will introduce still further losses or, if the inductance is good enough to give ijt a chance, will end its useful life by burn- ing up its insulation. COIL AND CONDENSER VALUES Of equal importance to the coil and con- denser are the connections between them. Spindly leads between the coil and con- denser with clips on them for adjustment of turns can cause a heavy loss of output power, even in a 7.5-watt transmitter, and usually will result in a greater loss of stability than the High-C circuit could hope to give, In the higher-powered transmitter the resistance of such leads and clips can well cause the circuit to be entirely inopera- tive. A successful High-C plate circuit will require the use of %” copper tubing (or strip of similar surface area) for the coils of the transmitter of 50 watts or less, and at least %” tubing or its equivalent for the higher powers. Then it will be neces- sary to determine the correct number of turns experimentally in order that the end turns may be screwed directly to the con- denser terminals or to connecting strips. One satisfactory arrangement is_ that shown in the “close-up” of the transmitter. In this case “wing nuts” were fitted to the machine screws holding the inductance in order to facilitate changes from one band to another. In the case of the filament lead and other leads in the transmitter the currents are no higher than in the usual transmitter and consequently it is neces- sary to exercise only the ordinary care. The one redeeming feature of the “tank” con- denser problem is that the voltages devel- oped across a High-C circuit are much low- er than in the circuits of the usual con- stants. For this reason good receiver-type condensers are satisfactory for transmit- ters operating with plate voltages of 1000 or less, while nothing more than “double spacing” should be necessary for transmit- ters employing the UX-852 or UV-204-A. It might be explained at this point that much higher capacities than those _indi- cated in Figure 8 can be used if only heavy enough inductances and good enough con- densers are used. Experiment with induct- ance-capacity ratios involving capacities as Ost 17 high as 1000 pufds. at 7100 and 14000 Ke. has indicated, however, that with the usual equipment available readily at the present time the losses involved with ratios higher tH FILAMENT “HV. SUPPLY FIG. 9. SHOWING SIMILAR MODIFICATION OF THE TUNED-GRID TUNED-PLATE CIRCUITS The grid clip “G” is provided to permit effective ad- justment of grid excitation. The letters correspond to those of Fig. 8. than that used in the transmitter illus- trated are out of proportion to the increase in frequency stability afforded by them. REBUILDING THE PLATE CIRCUIT The modification of any present-day self- excited transmitter for operation with u High-C plate circuit is not a matter which should mean either appreciable expense or difficulty. In the transmitter used for work on all or several wave bands, a condenser of 500 uufds. is suggested. For a trans- mitter which is to be operated exclusively on the 14,000-14,400 Ke. (“20-meter’) and the 28,000-30,000 Ke, (10 meter) bands, a maximum capacity of 350 wufds. should serve effectively. In the transmitter em- ploying 1000 plate volts or less, a good re- ceiver-type condenser should be satisfac- tory but it is suggested that it should not be considered above suspicion if trouble de- velops. In one of the experimental trans- mitters, fitted with a condenser of splendid reputation and operating with a single UX-210, a few hours of steady operation resulted in an invisible insulation break- down which had the effect of reducing the output by about 50% and which caused the note to become a complete “hash”. Under these conditions, obviously, all the carefu! tuning possible was of no avail. Another con- denser of the same type, operated under similar conditions for several hours as a check, disappointed us by performing per- fectly. For the higher powered transmitters the use of two good transmitting condensers in parallel to give the suggested capacity values would serve but experimental work in progress at the moment (to be detailed in a future article) would seem to indicate the desirability of using an air-dielectric fixed condenser for the plate circuit, a small vernier being fitted for tuning. When

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varia condensers are used, it must be ren red that the mere inclusion of a 500 1. size condenser in the set does not ré n a High-C circuit unless the coils are ‘oportioned as to give the necessary fre at the upper end of the con- r vale. For the 28,000-Ke. band tl hould be of such a size that about 200 of the condenser are used; for the -Ke. band about 300 pufds; for } Ke, band about 400 wuufds; for —_ =~ > | SS S | ar MAH rr ; AA Ai Ah, A 7 ATE AND ANTENNA COILS FOR FIVE BANDS ( = BR, C, D and E are ased for the 3,500-4,000 Ke » meter), 7,000-7,300 Ke. (“40 meter’), 14,000- 14,400 20 meter’’), 28,000-30,000 Kc. (10 meter) and 0-60,000 Ke. (5 meter) bands, respectively. They heave an inside diameter of 2%” and were made by wir @ the %" soft copper tubing over a length of 2% »uteide diameter iron water pipe by hand. To fa ate the winding process holes were first drille the pipe and the tubing, one end of the copper bing being secured to the iron pipe with a machine screw before the winding was started. The ends he colle are hammered fiat and drilled to fit “© wing nats which hold them to the condenser leads wo antenna coile—to be seen above the plate colle—eerve for use with coils A, B, C and D. Their e determined to some extent by the type s of the antenna. under size WF and sta the Ke. band 450 pufds., while for the Ke. band (on which frequency sta not nearly so difficult to obtain) th order of capacity is completely satisfactory. The coils shown in the photo- gra perate with just such capacities on the is bands in the particular trans- m for which they were wound. In the Tur | tuned-plate or Colpitts circuit circuit constants are suitable. ein até THE PLATE SUPPLY t possible to make a detailed dis- cus f the self-excited circuit perform- in some way considering the ance ut OST problem of plate supply. At the same time, in view of the hundreds of thousands of words which have been written on the sub- ject in QST and the Handbook, it is not thought necessary to give circuits or con- structional details. If the transmitter is to be given any chance to perform in 1929 fashion, it is needless to say that the sup- ply, if not generator or battery d.c. must be rectified and in some way filtered a.c. Further, the battery, generator, transform- ers, rectifiers and chokes must be capable of supplying or handling much _ greater currents than they will be asked to pass in actual operation, for if this is not so, the handicap of poor regulation will surely make the attainment of a 1929 signal more difficult. There is also the same old problem of keying. Key clicks and sparking contacts will continue to be important, even if the transmitter is re-arranged and correctly tuned. In this case also, the incorporation of methods and the observation of precau- tions described in many QST articles and the Handbook will be necessary. A matter which will be of even greater importance with the 1929 self-excited transmitter is the elimination of antenna swaying and the vibration of the set or any of its radio fre- quency wiring. The modified arrangement and correct tuning admittedly will reduce the effect of these variations on the fre- quency but at the same time the character of the note will be so improved that these variations will be much more noticeable. With a 1928 transmitter in which the plate supply ripple “flutters” its frequency over a band of 15 or 20 Kes., the effect of a swinging antenna or a vibrating lead is to a considerable extent lost in the mess, With an otherwise steady and “pure d.c.” signal, however, any such weakness will protrude in all its infamy, THE ESSENTIALS OF TUNING And now, since the highlights of trans- mitter tuning have been so broadly scat- tered throughout this rambly screed, let us collect them in a simple statement of good procedure, When the transmitter has been assem- bled, or re-assembled; when the antenna and its leads or feeders have been tightened or in some other way prevented from sway- ing; when it has been found that all leads or coils, and the transmitter itself, can- not vibrate; when the coils have been ad- justed to give the desired frequency with the necessary value of capacity—then, and not until then, should the grid excitation be adjusted to give a plate current of about half the rated value with the antenna coil removed. In the Hartley this will mean ad- justment of the filament clip in steps of about half an inch at a time, keeping mind, AUGUST, 1928 owen eect oo _-

Page 17

‘ime, s of sub- not con- r is 1929 sup- nust rm- able ater s in the rely lore of acts the stly ‘ion au- and ter nce the the ent ice re- ter Pse le. ate rer ith al, de S- t- us od AUGUST, 1928 for a rough guide, that the ratio of turns between the grid and filament clip and the turns between the plate and filament clip will be somewhere between 1 to 4 or 5. In the Tuned-grid tuned plate it will mean tun- ing of the grid circuit and the plate circuit and adjustment of the grid clip shown in Figure 9. At this stage, when it is known definitely that the frequency is within the band, the antenna coil can be connected and coupled loosely to the plate coil. And loose coupling for the particular coils used in the Hartley transmitter illustrated is obtained with a spacing of not less than five or six inches. When the antenna has been tuned and the coupling increased to give the maximum antenna current, the value of that current should be noted mentally as something to avoid as one would the plague. Without delay the antenna coupling should be backed off until a point is reached at which the maximum current is about 85% of the previous value. And this reading should be recorded as something to be avoided with equivalent enthusiasm. At this stage the use of a “growler” (a shielded oscilla- tor fitted with ’phones) or a receiver tuned to a weak harmonic becomes essential, for only by listening to the signal within the station is it practical to decide on which side of resonance the antenna is to be tuned to give the best note. Under practically all conditions, the correct adjustment will be obtained when the antenna is tuned to a lower frequency (a higher wavelength) than the oscillator but a comparison of the signal obtained in this way with that ob- tained on the other side of resonance will immediately indicate the desirable side. All that then remains is to detune the antenna on that side in order to give an antenna current of about 75% of the 85% peak value. And this is the antenna current which should never be exceeded if the trans- mitter is to perform in the true 1929 man- ner. After a final check of the frequency, CQ’s may now be pounded out in limited quanti- ties and a QRK may be asked with a cer- tain amount of confidence, If the reader has followed this story and put its sugges- tions into effect, he can expect a favorable report. It is conceivable, in fact, that the signal will inspire the answer “You have a 1929 signal, O.M.” And, if he has previ- ously listened to it himself in his own “Growler”, he will know that he is entitled to believe it, [As an extension of the subject of self- constructional! excited transmitters, the OST 19 considerations involved in the modification of higher-powered transmitters will be dis- cussed in the September QS7.—KEditor.] 2 Editorials (Continued from Page 8) more, because more of us are going to be knowing what we are doing than ever be- fore! If we may throw in a free advertise- ment for the old mag, don’t miss QST— we’re going to have lots of hot stuff. And so, taking things by and large, we feel a lot better. Everything looks pretty. In fact we insist upon being optimistic as anything. And in winding up this screed for the month we want to point out that a great deal of the activity around the world in the way of readjustment attests a recognition of the established position of amateur radio which is based upon the strength we have secured by virtue of being written into the international treaty as one of the classes of stations that always shall be provided for. Believe us, that is good! It looks to us like it may turn out that, having de- veloped our technique to where we may operate happily in our limited facilities, it was really a blessing to us that this inter- national conference came along and re- sulted in our international status being so definitely established. All we want to say is that any ham who wants to sell his sta- tion because “this is the last year of ama- teur radio” is just plumb foolish! K. B. W. , Strays $s The Radio Corp. station WIK, a useful marker in the vicinity of our “20-meter” band, was changed in frequency on June 24th to a new assignment at 13930 ke. (ap- proximately 21.54 meters). A new B.C.A. station, WOP, is approaching eompletion and will be heard soon on 13900 ke. 9DPL, having read the recent newspaper report that Congress had changed the postal rate to permit other than government postal cards to be mailed with one cent postage, claims that this should surely result in QSLL activity returning to normal. The Headquarters Office of the Ninth District, Department of Commerce Radio Division, recently moved from the Federal Building to new quarters. Communications to the Supervisor of Radio in that district should now be addressed to 2022 The En- gineering Building, Chicago, III.

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OST AUGUST, 1928 Concerning Lunar Effects On Electromagnetic Waves By Greenleaf W. Pickard* EADING the recent article by Mr. C. E. Paulson, entitled “Lunar Ef- on Electromagnetic Waves,” first feeling was one of regret adings were not continued over longer period. For it can readily that a cause and effect relation established by observations over an interval as thirty days, which cycle of the alleged cause. n’s synodic period or lunar month ximately 29.5 days, and differs but 1 the period of solar rotation. It idy been established that one cause n changes is solar activity, which to center on certain areas of the face, which remain fixed in helio- latitude and longitude for months years, and which usualy contain These active areas therefore ro- the sun, and cross the central ridian at intervals of approximate- days. If on a particular day the n coincided with the earthward ition of an active solar area, then month later full moon would come after the representation of the ac- r 199 days, full moon and active 1 would be in opposition. If both moon cause reception changes, a f over six months’ observations required to disentangle the ef- I personally would wish at least two reception data before deciding that ffect existed. As a matter of fact, before me over two years of con- bservations of night reception in icast band, and in these data I find effect, although they show a high with solar activity and terres- rnetism, unately, I am not aware that any- taken systematic observations or in fact of any particular high transmitter, over a sufficient peri- the presence or absence of lunar a thing distinct from solar and elements. Although Mr. Paulson’s nth of observations cannot in it- anything one way or the other, 3s it may be of interest to compare th magnetic and solar activity, and another variety of night recep- the figure, I have first replotted h of 2XAF (which had rather un- abscissa in the original) and un- Ap- Engineer, Wireless Boston, Specialty Massachusetts. der it I have placed in descending order the diurnal range of the earth’s horizontal magnetic field as measured at Cheltenham, Maryland, the Wolfer Provisional Sunspot Numbers and night reception at Newton Centre, Massachusetts, from WBBM at Chicago. The four curves appear to march together; if this be so, why give the moon any credit? It is more difficult to discuss the purely physical side of the lunar hypothesis. But it might be well to call attention to the fact SUNSPOTS APRIL MAY 27 92 COMPARISON OF NIGHT RECEPTION FROM 2XAF WBBM, DIURNAL RANGE OF H AND SUNSPOTS that full moonlight has less than one hun- dred thousandth the intensity of sunlight, and is in addition but feebly polarized. This earth receives more polarized light in a day from the blue sky than it gets in years of moonlight. Even the solar cor- ona (which is shining all the time, eclipse or no eclipse) is a stronger source of polar- ized light than the moon. And on grounds which are hard to summarize briefly, I do not think that moonlight, regardless of in- tensity or degree of polarization, can have any measurable effect upon radio transmis- sion. Two sets of electromagnetic waves may pass simultaneously through the same space, but each is transmitted just as if the other did not exist. The only known way in which one radiation, such as light, may affect the transmission of another radiation, such as radio waves, is by pro- ducing a change in the medium, such as ionization. Sunlight does this for our at- mosphere, and the effect is pronounced; moonlight at most would produce one thou- sandth of one per cent. of the solar effect. AU croft tw hha & IC. -y ct

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=tic order zontal nham, inspot ewton M at march moon ourely But e fact hun- light, rized. ht in ts in - Cor- -lipse yolar- yunds I do yf in- have smis- vaves same as if nown light, other pro- h as r at- nced; thou- ct. AUGUST, 1928 OST Following the “Southern Cross” to Brisbane By J. Walter Frates* OLLOWING in the tragic path of Captain Bill Erwin and Alvin Eich- waldt in the ill-fated “Dalas Spirit,” the flight of the “Southern Cross,” KHAB, from the Oakland Airport to Bris- bane, Australia, across the untraveled air- ways of the broad Pacific, was not only the greatest feat in the history of aviation but also the final proof of the great value of short-wave radio communication for avia- tion and a great triumph for the amateur radio operators in all countries bordering on the Pacific. Where the “Dallas Spirit,” by its tragic Hawaii and Australia, Kingsford-Smith, Ulm, Captain Lyons and James Warner owe a debt of gratitude to that indomita- ble fraternity which is amateur radio, for they found that where there are land and people there is not always a commercial station but there is always an amateur. On that long breath-taking hop from Kausi in the Hawaiians to Suva in the Fijis, when daylight placed a limit to the range of the transmitter, lonely amateur opera- tors at cable stations in some of the smaller isles watched over them and let the world know of their progress and _ well-being. tail-spin, left a question as to the reliability Among these was Fanning Island 1AJ; Photo Courtesy Associated Press THE “SOUTHERN CROSS” BEFORE LEAVING THIS COUNTRY of short-wave radio for exceptionally long there were others whose calls we do not distances, the “Southern Cross” continued know. and left not the slightest doubt, nor as to the ability of amateur operators and their equipment to hold them in_ constant hearing. When commercial and “non-amateu1 stations had either long since given up the ghost or were having difficulties on the Pacific Coast, amateurs in San Francisco and Oakland were still listening to the steady drone of the transmitter and com- fortably copying positions until KHAB re- ported itself beyond the Loyalty Islands and within a few hundred miles of Bris- bane, where daylight intervened and the burden of communication was taken up en- tirely by the enthusiastic Australian and New Zealand amateurs, some of whom had been copying the signals since the first night out of Oakland. Although they received tremendously im- portant and valuable assistance from com- mercial stations in the United States, Oakland, Calif. 6CZR, 5368 James Ave., KHAB carried three transmitters, a short-wave tuned-plate tuned-grid, made by Ralph Heintz, 6XBB, of San Francisco, a duplicate of the ones carried by the “Dal- las Spirit” and by Captain Sir George Wil- kins on his polar hop, and the same one the “Southern Cross” used on its endurance flights; a 600-meter rig; and an auxiliary distress arrangement. The short-wave transmitter was used mostly, although Warner, the operator, went to 600 at vari- ous times to get bearings from passing ships and shore stations. The short-wave transmitter utilized a 50-watt tube and was powered by wind-driven generators on the wings. It operated on 33.5 meters and the key was kept closed when the operator was not sending. Radio beacons were received on the plane but Warner had difficulty with them at various times. San Francisco Bay amateurs made great plans to cover the flight on the night be- fore the hop.

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OST Just stick by us,” Smithy and Warner i us over the phone. “We'll try to make nteresting for you of the A.R.R.L.” And y did. \s it passed out the Golden Gate, the uthern Cross” QSO’ed 6ARD, a “non- amateur” station operated by the “San Francisco Examiner.” Later it called 6AM and other coast amateurs but failed to hook. Throughout the day a steady watch was maintained from San Francisco and Oak- and. 6IP and 6CZR copied the plane from 60T, furnishing information to the general 6CKC, 6BFU, and 6JS did like- wise for an Oakland newspaper. 6RJ fur- ed dope to a_ broadcasting station. 6ALX and 6CGM assisted the other \.R.R.L. operators. 6AHB was also part the listening staff, as was 6EDK. In Francisco 6ARD attended to the wants ; proprietors, and 6KW kept a watch for a press association, Amateur operators did not copy mes- ; addressed to 6ARD, the “San Fran- Examiner,” or personal messages, in te of the fact that they were sent “QST LARD de KHAB” and that it was an emer- gency case in which the general public was rested. In the early evening, after about an hour on 600 meters, KHAB re- irned on short waves and Warner sent a roadcast to all amateurs informing them at the “San Francisco Examiner” would secute all those giving out messages iressed to 6ARD, under previous con- sts. Some time later the men on the plane must have realized the injustice of his and of their danger if every amateur off his receiver, for, with the state- “the world deserves to know what going on with the “Southern Cross”, began to send information about the progress of the flight under a general Q.S.T. n-addressed. The incident brought up an nteresting question as to whether an SOS would be considered by the “Examiner” as ts personal property, and, if every mateur shut off his set and 6ARD could receive the distress call, whether rious contracts would benefit the airmen wing its transmission. ‘rom the twilight hours of the first eve- g, a constant watch was mtaintained at ZR by the writer and 6IP, with the as- stance of 6EDK, 6AHH, 6BDO, and Earle Ennis, writer and experimenter, un- | the plane passed the Loyalty Islands nd daylight put an end to further work. KHAB’s signal strength varied from R4 to R7 and 8 during the entire flight. The greatest signal strength was recorded when he plane was nearing Honolulu and the was shining brightly on the Pacific . The note was rougher than that of ‘Dallas Spirit,” particularly on the Kauai-Suva hop when the plane struck bad amateur reports were beating “non-amateur” stations, Navy radio an the commercial companies. Some of the latter lost the signals entirely. However 6KW continued to maintain his watch in San Francisco for the press services, and the plane’s signals still droned into 6CZR Hawaiian amateurs also did excellen work. OH6CLJ, who was one of the me who worked on the Dole flight skeds, ported in to the 6CZR operators throug} 6DBM of San Francisco that he was copy ing the plane easily and would senda He was asked to QST the arrival on lf meters but the signals did not get across OH6DUD, Wheeler Field, also agreed to QST on 20 meters, as did oh6ADH, who handled a lot of traffic for the aviators aft er their arrival at Wheeler. Other Hawaiians codperated. In Alaska a number of amateurs were asked to QRX for the plane’s signals and did so, among them na6ZZE at Bristol Bay and na7LY. Seventh-District amateurs scored at various times by furnishing per- fect copy when copy in the Sixth District was patchy. A Seventh-District amateur did all operators a favor when he got into communication with a Nicaraguan station on the plane’s wave and asked him to QRT as he was QRMing the signals. 9CKF in South Dakota, inveterate long- distance sked man, got his information on the progress of the flight from oa5HG anédf! other Aussies and Zedders who were watceh- ing over the welfare of the Aussie air me in their daring jump across the awe-inspir- ing waste of the Pacific. 6CIS and 6CB§ of Sacramento followed the progress of the plane from 6CIS, but were bothered with QRM. Amateur stations in Australia, New Zea- land, Japan, China and other points were heard calling the plane at intervals during the flight, but failed to hook like the Ameri- cans and the Hawaiians, caused in all prob- ability, by the fact that Warner was too busy with his own work to bother about QSO’s and that he was not hearing well on account of motor and generator QRM. In the not-far-distant future when aerial fleets will be making transcontinental and transoceanic passenger and freight flights and will carry on their radio communics tion on a short-wave band similar to the marine work on 600 meters, a great deal of the credit for the work will be due the pioneering efforts of the amateur, who devoted his time and equipment unselfishly for the advancement of the art and with- out a pecuniary interest.

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Tr, 192§ it wit | swing om wits ed thai 10se Ol] dio an of the lowever ratch in ces, and >» 6CZR. xcellent the men eds, through iS CODY. andl | on 1g Across ‘eed to H, who ors aft- Other KUGUST, 1928 OST 23 Acoustic Wave Filters and Audio Frequency Selectivity By R. B. Bourne* One of the greatest worries confronting the transmitting amateur is the great mutual interfer- ence which it is feared will obtain in the narrow bands next year. fore, is a method for securing greater selectivity than we have ever known. The inherent principles of heterodyne reception are such as to produce interference in the telephones from any signals within an audible frequency difference from the desired signal, and we know no way of overcoming this fundamental difficulty by ordinary radio-frequency means. Electric band-pass filters may be used at “intermediate” or at audio frequencies te cut out unwanted signals. Their use at intermediate frequencies offers promise but of course involves the use of the superheterodyne. quencies the electric filter is quite expensive, bulky, and very likely to have considerable losses. article describes another device to accomplish the same end—an acoustic band-pass filter. beautifully effective if the received signal is what it should be—and what it must be to survive next The filter described may be built by any amateur at trifling expense. It should be a part of year. every amateur’s preparation to meet 1929 conditions. ful employment of the autodyne receiver next year. this issue on transmitter adjustment, we feel encouraged to prophesy successful operation in 1929 with equipment differing but little from that of to-day.—Editor. One of our crying needs, there- At audio fre This It is Its use will guarantee, we believe, the success- Taken in conjunction with Mr. Hull’s article in 'S Were als and tol Bay nateurs ig per- District mateur ‘ot into station o QRT p long- ion on [G and watch: ir men inspir- 6CBS of the 1 with w Zea- } were during A meri- - prob- as too about rell on RM. aerial 1 and flights unica- ‘o the ; deal lue to , who fishly with- HE need for greatly increased selec- tivity in c.w. receivers becomes ap- parent immediately that serious thought is given to the problems confronting the transmitting amateur. In order to use satisfactorily the narrowed amateur transmission bands to be in effect at the first of next year, we must be able to crowd into those bands not only all the stations now operating within them but also foreign sta- tions as well. It be ideal. To get a picture of the selectivity ob- tainable by the use of acoustic wave filters in conjunction with a good autodyne re- ceiver, consider a receiver operating at say 7000 kes. (40 meters), using a 50-yyufd. tuning condenser. Imagine we are receiv- ing a signal from a local oscillator, B-bat- tery supply and rigidly constructed. The note is pure and steady. We can probably tune this signal in and out again is with this nice problem in mind that the writer presents this paper. Let me say at the start, how- ever, that the success of the de- vices to be de- scribed in the fol- lowing pages is bound up irrevo- cably with and is dependent entire- ly upon vital im- on the other side of zero beat in say three degrees of our tuning condenser dial. This means that 1.5 degrees are used in changing the beat note from zero to say 10,000 cycles. Now suppose we have a vernier tuning condenser of such size that this range of 0 to provements in 10,000 cycles is transmitters. As made to extend will be pointed from zero to 100 out shortly, our degrees on the transmitters, to dial of the ver- Utilize effectively nier, A cous- the possible selectivity in receivers, will tic wave filters can easily be made have to have a steady, pure wave. Just which will pass a band of audio frequencies how steady and how pure this will have to be will be shown. Crystal-controlled d.c.- plate-supply transmitters will, of course, “IANA, 221 Holcomb St., Hartford, Conn; Re search Engineer, Maxim Silencer Co. Hartford. of any desired width and with one particu- lar filter in mind, our steady d.c. signal would be heard over but three degrees of the vernier dial! This would seem to indi- cate that some thirty other signals could

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Ost AUGUST, 19 Bui ent in the range of the vernier, but’ the filter. Then we will have a state ¢ sup ild be pointed out that, with the things such as is shown in Fig. 2. Her of iry autodyne. a beat note of given our pure note, excepting a few weak haz: ean be heard in two places on the’ monics, is all nicely concentrated, and come g dial, so perhaps it would be more’ through the filter unattenuated. Except rvative to say that the selectivity has ing for slight resistance losses, which ing , nereased to such an extent that fif- crease with the frequency, filters can bj ~ times as many stations can be ac- made to have zero attenuation within th 1odated in a given band as at present. pass-band. selectivity is undoubtedly desirable. Granting a pure wave, the filter will stil seful, however, only if practically all be useless unless the beat note can be hel within the pass-band of the filter. 4 “chirpy” note will swing across the bani and only parts of the transmission can k '! ange of heard. With both the impure note and th a hiker swinging and wobbling note, the apparent i ' ! ! selectivity is not a bit improved sine with the former, we may tune into any s¢ of components, there being several, an with the latter, we may catch the note a any —_ of its —e — ae be pure and it must be steady. perfec’ FREQUENCY _ steadiness is not practical, then we maj FIG.1 widen the width of the pass-band, to alf filte low the note to do a little swinging. The cur selectivity will suffer, of course, in proporf cer ergy of the beat note is concentrated tion to the increased width of the pass§ que ° the limits of the pass-band of the band. que The acoustic wave filter makes pos- What filters can be employed to accom pas the reception of an R83 signal in the’ plish these results? Either electrical of wit nee of an R8 signal differing in fre- acoustic wave filters. The former, to bef bar only 100 cycles. effective for our purpose, turn out to by ( nsider Fig. 1. This shows the fre- of spectrum of a steady but impure of lotted against intensity. Such a note sur luced by the average a plate f siv In case the frequency of the trans- ta! me wobbling, as well, Fig. 1 repre- > fic an oy anc instantaneous set of values which I ny are und as the transmitter wave shifts. vit wa filter in the audio end of the re- ' . tur all these components register upon ' \ ir, generally with the effect sometimes I " “noise.” Many of the oo Aas w ‘ontribute to the “audibility” of the Oo co , since their effect is — — FREQUENCY 4 ore intense components. consid- vercentage of the energy sent out FIG. 2 yo unavailable, in any case, for the ’ —— tion of maximum signal strength. If, ¢XPensive and cumbersome. Acoustic wave an audio-frequency filter is inserted filters may be readily built by anyone cap . output, so as to attenuate all fre- able of doing mechanical work such as i “ es excepting a very narrow band, we usually associated with the construction @ de a good receiver. Many amateurs, when the word “filter'§ ?° is mentioned, visualize a 30-henry choke co! and a condenser with as many microfaraés §l as the pocket-book can afford. Electri ' components of the complex audio fre- Wave filters, which were invented by Camp ney which lie within the pass-band of bel,” are structures which have negligibl be filter will get through. The shaded ‘ransmission loss over a definite range ll referring to Fig. 1, that a large ntage of the total energy present is cut nd the net effect on the ear is a signal much reduced in intensity, sounding all like the unfiltered signal. Only represents the unavailable energy. ranges of frequencies and have an appret: ~ soluti f this difficulty i diatel able transmission loss at all other frequery | » solution of this difficulty immediately ies. Such structures generally take thy ™ ts itself. Let us put as much as ble of our energy in one frequency and tune our receiver so that this frequency falls within the pass-band of 1. U. 8. Patent No. 1,227,118. form of recurrent similar networks compris 9 ing series and shunt elements. The theor!

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r, 19 state q . Her eak har nd come Except, hich jp can b thin os will stil) be hel er. 4A he bani | can bk and th pparent since any sé al, ani note @ nust b perfec ve maj , to al ge. The propor: e pass. accom: ‘ical o , to be t to be c wave 1e cap h as is tion of ‘filter’ »ke co! farads lectric Camp rligible nge o pprecr equet ke the mpris- theory —_———_— AUGUST, 1928 supposes either an infinite number of sim- jar sections in cascade or a finite number of sections terminated in a structure the impedance of which is equal to the char- OST 25 wave filter employing distributed constants has been dealt with by Mason* and is be- yond the scope of this paper. In reality, the low-pass filter, in the acoustic case, is a multi-band-pass filter, wherein several groups of frequencies come through. FIG. 3 From three to five sections are generally sufficient acteristic impedance of the filter. to give all the attenuation desired for fre- quencies it is desired to suppress. Termin- ating or inaugurating a filter improperly gives rise to reflection effects which dis- turb the operation of the structure. A fil- ter is therefore designed to work out of and into a certain impedance. Probably the simplest and most familiar filter is the “low-pass” type which passes currents from zero frequency (d.c.) up toa certain frequency called the “cut-off” fre- quency, and attenuates currents of all fre- quencies. A “band-pass” filter readily passes currents of all frequencies lying within the upper and lower limits of the band and bars all others. G. W. Stewart? made a series of studies of the acoustic wave filter as an analogue of the electric wave filter. His theory as- sumed lumped constants and no progres- sive wave motion within the device. This means that the dimensions of the series and shunt elements comprising the filter are small, say a tenth, compared to the wavelength. With a given physical struc- ture, the dimensions of which are small For our purpose the “lumped constant” filter theory will serve well enough, since, with the band- oass filter to be described, the next and higher transmission band oc- curs at a sufficiently high frequency to be of little importance and the observed and calculated values of the main band agree within the limits of observation (5%). ay 2 al 2 ate | ‘ i in eches , FIG. 5. SHOWING THE EFFECT OF lv ON THE POSITION OF THE PASS-BAND IN THE FREQUENCY SPECTRUM A picture of acoustic inductance and capacitance may be obtained by consider- ing a bottle-like resonator. Again, assum- ing the dimensions of the resonator to be small compared to the wavelength of the sound, let us see what happens when an incident sound wave is impressed upon the neck of the resona- feratal compared to the wavelength of the sound dealt with, it is easy to see that this im- portant relation soon fails to hold if the frequency increases very much. In other words, it is impossible to build an acoustic filter which is the exact analogue of its electrical counterpart because the con- stants—inductance and capacity—cease to be “lumped” and become distributed. A combination of electric lines would seem to resemble the acoustic filter. The theory underlying the principles of the acoustic FIG. 4 2 Phys. Rev. 20, 528—1922. a W. P. Mason, Bell System Tech. Journal, April, 27. tor, The small plug of air in the neck moves back and forth more or less as a_ whole, suffering little or no compression. The motion of this ‘short column of air com- presses and rarefies the air within the closed cavity. The compression is accomplished with little motion. Here, then, we have acoustic inductance in the neck and acous- tic capacity in the closed cavity. We would expect such a system to oscillate when ex- cited by a current of air blown across the mouth of the neck, and furthermore to os- cillate at a frequency determined by the in- ductance of the neck and the capacity of the cavity. It does. A resonator exposed to a sound wave of its resonant frequency ampli- fies the intensity in the neck of the resonator,

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i e ae) “4 OST hort tube open at both ends, then, as an inductance, while a small closed _acts as a capacitance, “short” and ’ being used in a comparative sense. y have an acoustic inductance with- mag tor E “$00 a 1900 2000 WOOO sooo FREQUENCY IN CYCLES PER SECOND CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE 5&-SECTION OUSTIC FILTER SHOWN IN FIG. 4 eciable capacity but not a capacity inductance, since even a hole of the conceivable length presents some nee. By properly choosing an ar- of tubes and cavities, we can acoustic wave filter with prede- i characteristics, insofar as the lim- * theory permit. have now to establish the necessary _for acoustic inductance and ca- Their derivation will not be given write simply: 1xe Ss > Inductance = Lae = length of tube (inches) density of air. cross sectional area of tube (sq. in.). V apacity = Ca = a’o - volume (cu, in.). A velocity of sound (138,600 in. /sec. at room temperature). ens that, in the formulae encoun- cancels out so we need not worry value. This also means that bar- pressure does not affect the val- he cut-off frequencies. We intro- ther term “conductivity”, which is simpifying formulae. 7 ictivity K = = — for a tube, Lee equal to the diameter of a round a thin plate, where that form of AUGUST, 1928 coupling to a cavity is used. The length |} of a tube must be corrected for the flaring out effect at the end of the tube and we xR use for this correction where R is the radius of the tube. In the case of tubes as side branches, we measure the length of the tube starting from the center of the main channel tube and not from its edge. No end correction is, of course, applied to a tube closed at one end. Fig. 3 shows an electrical low-pass filter of four sections (T type) and its acoustic counterpart. We choose this type of low- pass filter rather than the simpler one in which there is no inductance in series with the shunt capacity since, if we try to make an acoustic capacity without an inductance in series with it, the question arises as to whether the capacity is in shunt or in series with the main channel inductance. Fur- thermore, this type of filter gives a sharper cut-off than one consisting of series induc- tances and shunt capacities. Since these are low-pass filters the lower cut-off frequency f: = O. For the electric filter the higher cut-off frequency is fs. = l _ fry C2 (L,+4L,) and for the acoustic filter f,=- yf Ke mV ¥ which formula is directly obtainable from the electric case by substituting the acous- tic values therein. While we may use a low-pass filter hav- ing a cut-off at say 500 cycles, with consid- erable success, a band-pass filter is more desirable. For the latter, we choose a net- work which is readily reproducible in the acoustic form. Fig. 4 shows both the electrical and acoustic filters. In this case, we have attenuation from 0 up to f, — fs on up, there being no attenuation within the range 2 For the electric filter, we have = * 1 f= an V GGT) f s AV, L,+ 4L2 2~ an ¥ C3(L, L, +L, L,+4L,L;) ee. SNe (Ger) 2 i= and for the acoustic filter f,. ay ps ee 21 V; ( 1 1 K.* i) AUC Ins} both root mea the tubt plus frec filte app of 1 go sigt sho ete! ing dia to R:

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‘om av- id- ore et- he se, on he AUGUST, 1928 4K, 2 \/% It FC 2= 2m V3 1 Ka 4K: "ss K3 Inspecting these formulae, we see that both f; and fs vary inversely as the square root of the volume of the chamber Vs. This means that we may shift the location of the pass-band by varying the length of the tubular chamber V; as with a piston-like plug. Fig. 5 shows a plot of these two frequencies versus the length l,, for the filter shown. For the benefit of those interested, the appendix contains the derivation of some of these formulae. We will, at this point, go through the calculations involved in de- signing the particular band-pass filter shown in the illustration, We chose, as a suitable size, brass tubing %” outside diameter and 5/16” inside diam- eter. For the Volume Vs, we use brass tub- ing 1 3/16” inside diameter. We make h, the diameter in the main channel from section to section, 1.25 inches. S: = .077 sq. in. R: = 156 in. le = 2.25 in. K, = Th ie ests _ 077 78+ Tike 2 78+ 245+.188 K.- 53 ~ on _ — . = = 45 l, 6+ a+ Ld HY 2)2 V.- rr ie) >? = — Xly =2.5 cu,in : X12 — on = 2160 substituting, we have SS SE 2160 _ . » 1 ! — = —+ a fnco\ 3 (Seas + =ay) =V73 =253 cycles/sec. fh 4X .0615 7] 0635 f= 2160 ) ee... 2160 \.0245=238 cycles/eec ” 2.5 1+ 0635 , 4x 0615 ” 0745 o745 The observed values for f; and f, are 245 and 335 cycles, respectively, a close agree- ment. In designing a filter of this type, the lower cut-off frequency may be assumed and the side-branch system designed for it, since the distance between sections in the main line does not affect this value. Once the dimensions of the side branches are = .0635 OST 27 fixed, the upper cut-off may be determined by assuming the dimensions of the main channel. It simplifies the calculations to use the same size of tubing for the main channel as is used for the tubes involved in the side-branches. Of course many other arrangements of elements are pos- zZ, z, Z Z: nw AAA Ae 3 | In J Inet Pf Ineo 3 : Z2$ 22 223 223 = Z 3 3 ; : I, «47h yu, -Ines Une: -Ing2 FIG.7 (Appendix) sible, and the reader, using the information contained herein and in the Appendix, may design any type of filter, being always care- ful not to exceed the limits imposed by the theory. For our terminating impedance, we use the resistance of the rubber tube of the listening device, in this case a Dictaphone head-set. This will attenuate some of the higher frequencies, as well, so that the over-all effect is about as it should be. Since the filter is made in five sections, the maxi- mum total attenuation in the stop-bands is very high, of the order of 60 TU. TU is the abbreviation for “transmission unit” and the number of TU’s by which two power levels W: and Ws: are said to differ is given by the relation. Nrv = 10 logio W:/W:. On this basis, 60 TU represents a loss in the ratio of a million to one, or an intensity ratio of a thousand to one. Within the transmitted band there will be some atten- uation due to friction in the filter and in the stethescope tubes. To make up for this, an additional stage of audio-frequency am- plification is recommended. The acoustic wave filter is not in any way presented as a static eliminator, but it will be noticed by those using the device that there is a mate- rial reduction in noise. Since the audio-frequency components of noise cover practically all frequencies, some of them will lie within the pass-bands of the filter. The filter is inserted between a single telephone receiver and the stethescope. If a loudspeak- er is to be used after the filter, the whole arrangement must be sound- proofed by placing in a suitable box of ample dimensions; otherwise, sounds emerging from the open tubes of the side branches will affect the apparent perform- ance.

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UCTING THE FILTER SHOWN and-pass filter described previously easily built, the only tools required 1 hack-saw, files, hand drill, soldering and possibly tin-snips. No lathe necessary. A blow-torch may be shows a sketch of the first section iter. All sections being similar, is greaty simplified. Saw off a * the %-in. tubing 7% in. long and 1 vise. Starting 1% inches from 1ake prick-punch marks every 1% These locate the holes through the Using a 5/16th-in. drill, tak- to keep it at right angles to the he main tube, drill right through. have the main tube complete, with f holes. t make all the side-branch tubes. done one at a time. File the long piece of tubing stock to fit n tube. This is readily done with neh rat-tail file. When the fit is hed, saw off and trim five such measuring 0.6 in. from the bottom ve to the end. Make five others ng, measured from the bottom of Making the side tubes in this FIG. 8 educes the possible wastage, since ficult to file a groove to fit and to ns at the same time. we solder the side tubes to the , taking one of each size for the three tubes are soldered at the oint simultaneously by holding in the jaws of the latter embracing ends of the side tubes, Take care indue amount of solder runs into -*hannel. When both tubes are in heir axes should coincide. Proceed- the same manner, solder on all the ’ side tubes, protecting the soldered n the heat by wrapping with a wet On account of the diameter of the OST AUGUST, 1928 cavity used, it is necessary to stagger the adjacent sections as shown in the photo. graph of the filter. Adjacent tubes on on side of the main tube thus will be alter. nately short and long. Now cut out five discs of thin brass, 14 inch in diameter, and drill a 5/16-inch hok in the center. Solder one of these to each of the flat ends of the five 0.6-inch sid tubes. Cut out five more discs with no hok to be used in closing the far end of the tube forming the volume V. These cavitie are made from 1-3/16 inch _ inside-diam. eter brass tubing 2% inches long. Solder these to the five discs previously attached, then solder on the plain discs at the ends of the large tubes, and the job is done. If a higher range of frequencies is de sired for the pass-band, make the length o the large tube (l,) less than 2% inches. The relation between these frequencies and the length of the large tube has _ previously been given. The filter becomes a low-pass filter if the open tubes be closed. It is an interesting experiment, APPENDIX: Referring to Fig. 7, we write, from Kirchoff’s Laws, l, i, + (In-line) Z2-(In-1 En) Ze =@ collecting terms I, (Z,+ 22.) -(Iner* In-1) Z,=90 Z,+ 2Z2 Inti + In-1 — t- 4 (n-1 “e -_ = G& * Now the currents in successive stages change logarithmically, and satisfy the re lation =P, or _In = eP. Ine In+1 log Where P is the propagation constant and equals by definition A + jB. The real part of this expression, A, is the attenuation constant, while B denotes the phase shift from section to section. », BeRhs = gp + e*se"€? 2 D -P 14% - et = Cosh P nor valu This ting

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1928 er the photo. mn on alter. Ss, 1% h hole » each Side oO hole of the LVities diam. Solder ached, ids of is de. rth of . The d the ously if the sting from ages 2 re- and part tion shift AUGUST, 1928 Now Cosh P can never be less than + 1 nor greater than — 1. Therefore for Zi values of 1 + which lie between 2Z: + 1 and — 1, P is imaginary and A = O. This means a “pass-band” and no attenua- ting. Equating, Z, Zi Ein & >) Ss 1+ 2Z, +1 or Z, 0 Zi Zi i+ —- = -1 or =" 2Z, Z> 4 These are the limits of no attenuation. Referring to the band-pass filter of Fig. 4, . 1 Z,=jwL, and 2,= ; ; . —_— + ————_ L . 1 j?*2 jos ots jwL, - jw L, L, C3 1-w* L3C,;-w?L, C3 a ju L, -jw” L,L, C3 -jw° L, L.Cs Z2 ju L,— jw? L, L,C3 - _L,-w* Cs (LL +L, L,2) ~ L, —w? C3L,L; . * y Now, for 7 =0, L= w,* Cs (L, L,+ hehe ) OF 1 S [,+L3) , Ww hence A ee a See 5= 2m 2M V Cc, (L,+L3) And, for 4+ =-4, we have > L-«*C, (L,L,+L,L,) =4w," C,L,L,-4L, L. + 4L2 L,L,+L,l,+4L,L, and whence w, C= fs Ly L,+ 4a - 2~ an C,(L,L,+L,L,+ 4L,L,) Now, in the acoustic case, Vv iv L=£ and C= 2 OST 29 Substituting in the expression for f., we have EAS Sas V3 p Pp 7 OP ae al t= on V a2P\ Ke Ks 1 27 Rearranging the expression for fs, we have L(+ 4%) 1 — f= an C3L, (L,+L,+ 4tat>) 1 it ahs SV cae - C3L,(¢, +! aw a] 1 - t= Vy / (K.P 4K,P 2 2nN a2 f 5 bw pal ee) f 4K; is tin Ke ) = on V, K2 4K; eat “wile 3 _— me Strays’) __. The Jenkins Laboratories, 1519 Connect- icut Ave., Washington, D. C., announce a series of television transmissions especially for A.R.R.L. members on each Monday night commencing July 2d. The transmis- sions begin at 8 P.M., Eastern Standard Time, and continue for one hour. The call is 3XK, the frequency 6420 Ke. (46.73 meters), 15 pictures per second, 48 lines per picture. In each transmission simple subjects will be sent the first five minutes, then more elaborate subjects for five min- utes each, followed then by a picture story. Mr. Jenkins calls the transmissions “broadcast motion pictures”. Each subject will be preceded by a code announcement, and each picture will conclude with the word “End”, which will mean, of course, to throw the switch back to the loudspeaker for next announcement. For the first sev- eral weeks only silhouettes will be trans- mitted; later halftone pictures will be broadcast. If sufficient interest is shown, transmissions will be increased to twice or three times a week. Amateurs receiving these transmissions are requested to advise the Jenkins Laboratories and A.R.R.L. Headquarters.

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OST AUGUST, 1928 Some More About Amateur Television By Harold P. Westman, Technical Editor HE article that appeared on page 17 f the May, 1928, issue of OST gave sonsiderable amount of informa- ion pertinent to television reception t in general and touched to some on the particular transmissions VGY at Schenectady. Unfortunately, it was written, we had no defi- hedules on these transmissions and - a footnote to this effect have | a large number of requests for 1 information. resent schedules from WGY are as 1 time y—10:15 to 10:30 p.m. E.D.S.T. lay, Thursday and Friday—1:30 to n. E.D.S.T. At such times as these are run, announcements are made rning the others and it is very prob- if any change is made in this e, those listening in will be informed effect. Transmission takes place on juencies, the regular broadcast fre- f 790 ke. and a higher frequency ) ke. (21.96 meters). line picture is sent at the rate of ‘ond in these transmissions which at if you have constructed a disc holes you must either cover up ternate hole or lay that disc aside on the Jenkins transmissions men- elsewhere in this issue. The scan- » should revolve at the rate of 1200 + = eem to be having difficulty in lay- the spiral. There are three prime to be considered in such a problem: mber of lines per picture, the propor- f the picture, i.e., square or rectangu- the dimensions of the picture. The vo of these are important and if they ar nged will result in inaccuracies in th ture or distortion. If the wrong * holes is used, the results will whereas if the proportions are in- the picture will appear to be i in one dimension and compressed ther. From this we see that the r of holes must be correct and that rtions may vary somewhat. The ns can vary considerably, for if the s made too large, the effect will f using a coarse screen in printing. now that there must be 24 holes, rtions of the picture are approxi- square and slight variations will extremely damaging. The size of ture will depend upon the amount mination which one gets from the tube. Suppose we want a picture of about 1” by 1”. It will not be exactly square be- cause the holes are to be an equal number of degrees of a circle apart rather than an equal linear distance apart. Start out with a disc of about 8 inches in diameter and draw a circle of about seven inches in diameter. Leaving the compass set at the radius of the circle, mark off equal divi- sions around the circumference of it. The circle will then be divided in six parts. Laying a rule across opposite points, draw lines through the center and across the en- tire disc. You will have three such lines. The arc of the circle between each adjacent pair of lines must then be subdivided to give three points. This can be done by “cut and try” and should not prove to be very difficult. After drawing straight lines through the opposite points, we have a circle divided into 24 triangular shaped pieces. The dividing lines are spaced an equal number of degrees apart. The next thing to do is to. mount the disc on its hub being sure that it is not mounted off center to the circle already inscribed. A way to check this is to prick-punch the center of the shaft and while it is being rotated by the motor, press the end of a drill against the punch mark. A small amount of metal will be cut off and the drill will find the center of the shaft. Using this as the center, the compass may be used to indicate how far off its proper posi- tion the disc may be. Run the %” shaft on which the disc is to be mounted through the hub s0 disc is to be mounted through the hub so that about an inch of it sticks out of the hub. Tie a piece of light string so that it will not slip around the shaft and with about half a turn around the shaft, make a loop in the end that will accommodate 4 lead pencil. The point of the pencil can then be made to trace a spiral as it is re- volved around the shaft. The cord will be shorter after each full revolution by an amount approximately equal to the circum- ference of the shaft. If the disc is of metal and self supporting, the pencil can be held still and the disc and shaft revolved under it. This should result in greater accuracy as the inclination of the pencil can be made more constant. If the pencil is moved, see that it is as near to being perpendicular to the face of the disc as it can be held. Now, measure the distance between two adjacent lines of the spiral with the com- (Conoluded on Page $2) — Set see es ee oe ee OT FO -_- ee ee ee

Page 29

ut 1” re be- umber an an , Out meter 1es in at the divi- The Darts, draw ie en- lines. acent ad to e by to be aight have aped d an | dise inted ‘ibed. 1 the veing of a mall | the ising r be posi- disc ) $0 b so - the at it with nake te a can ; Te- will 7 an ‘um- etal held nder racy lade see ular d. two om- AUGUST, 1928 OST Army-Amateur Activity in the Philippines’ The Story of op1HR As originator of the plan of affiliation between the Signal Corps of the U. S. transmitting amateur, and as the Army-Amateur Liaison Agent during the first ten months of the Army-Amateur activities, Captain Tom C. Rives will long be remembered by League members. Though now stationed at Fort William McKinley, in the Philippine Islands, Captain Rives maintains the same interest in amateur work as this article, prepared by him with the codperation of Captain Robert A, Willard and Lieut. G. A. Bicher, clearly indicates.—Editor. Army and the MATEUR Radio Station opl1HR is owned and operated by the 12th Signal Company, Philippine Scouts, United States Army. The station was built and put into commission in March, 1925, by Lieutenant H. P. Roberts, Signal Corps, United States Army, and since that time has been operating with splendid suc- cess. The station is located on top of what is known as Signal Hill in the Army Post of Fort William McKinley, Rizal, P. L, and is approximately five miles southeast of the city of Manila. The operating “shack” is at one end of what was originally built for a gun shed. The walls and floor are of rough planking and the whole place is open to any favorable or unfavorable breezes that may blow. During the typhoon sea- son, when QRN usually is terrific, the rain and wind travel almost horizontally and it is naturally difficult to keep the station in any degree of dryness. The temperature, however, does not vary a great deal in these parts and is generally about eighty de- grees in the shade. Shortly after the station was installed, a daily schedule (Sundays excepted) was started with 6BJX, Ernest Knoch, Los An- geles, Cal., and this schedule was kept practically without interruptions until De- cember, 1927, at which time Knoch in- formed us that due to business and ill health he was forced to give up the sched- ule. This was a sad blow to us as we had formed many pleasant associations with him. However, he is certainly to be com- plimented on the regularity with which he kept his schedules. During a 26-month period he handled approximately 8,000 messages averaging 25 words each—and he lost many hours sleep to do this for there is quite a time difference between the two stations and the schedule started at ten thirty at night Manila time. The follow- ing is quoted from a letter from the Com- manding Officer, 12th Signal Company (P.S), to Ernest Knoch: “If the officers of this Garrison and others who take advantage of your courtesy ever owed anyone a debt *Published by approval of the War Department. of gratitude, they certainly owe it to you. You probably don’t realize what it means to us over here to be able to get messages THE SHACK OF OPIHR The Filipino operators to be heard at the key are, left to right, Pvts. Gallere and Bondad, Sergts. Cabiling and Balbuena, Mtr. Sgt. Maningas. to the United States and obtain replies in a fraction of the time it takes by mail— speaking not only for myself but for all the others over here we certainly appreci- ate the service you are rendering us.” In December, 1927, when 6BJX gave up his schedule, over six hundred messages accumulated on the hook. Finally 6AMM, Bruce Stone, San Jose, Cal., stepped in and said he would take the traffic. By the third week in January the hook was clear and we have been able to keep it that way ever since. Most of these messages were Christmas greetings from the American personnel doing their bit in the islands. Many a mother’s heart was gladdened by these messages and if the recording angel is on the job one more amateur will have a cushion seat when he arrives in Heaven. The messages handled are not normally the “greetings by radio” variety but are mostly honest-to-goodfess messages that the Army personnel here send back to their relatives and friends in the United States. Op1HR also handles quite a few messages from low powered stations all over the

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| has regular schedules with sta- hina and Hawaii. At the present fr FORT WILLIAM McKINLEY IN THE rati PHILIPPINES ng table from which the T.G.T.P. trans- remotely controlled—note DX power switch d is Capt. Willard, Commanding Officer, 12th standing behind Sgt. Balbuena. 1\HR handles the weather reports observatories in Shanghai and sages originating at oplHR are red by the Commanding Officer h Signal Company to see that no HR RANA t m HR is * a business or commercial na- PERSONNEL UNDER SOME LOCAL NA BUSHES—OR ARE THEY COCOANUTS? may be construed as competing ercial radio companies, is trans- This brings up points of an ex- ntalizing nature when the cen- op1HR is applied to the relay other amateur stations an Official Relay Station of the OST AUGUST, 1928 A.R.R.L. and is a member of the WAC Club. As an emergency station (WUCD) in the Philippine Department Net, it works with such detachments of United States troops as are sent out on special missions throughout the islands. In case of emerg- ency it can be operated by remote control from Fort Santiago (Department Head- quarters), being directly connected by land line telephone and telegraph lines. For ali this work two fifty-watt tubes in a tuned- grid tuned-plate circuit are used. The re- ceiver is the conventional two-tube auto- dyne. The normal wavelength used is 39 meters. All the members of the organization in- terested in the station are Filipinos with the exception of the commissioned officers, who are Americans. The present Com- manding Officer, 12th Signal Company, is Captain Robert A. Willard, Signal Corps, United States Army. George A. Bicher, 2nd Lt., SC, U. S. Army, is the Officer in charge of the station, The station is open every day from 4.00 p.m. (Manila Time) until midnight. Most of the traffic goes to the United States and, due to the regular schedules kept by such stations as 6BJX and 6AMM, there is little difficulty in clearing the hook. Approxi- mately four hundred messages, averaging twenty-five words each, are handled each month. Some More About Amateur Television (Continued from Page 30) pass or pair of dividers and locate an are of the spiral between two of the radius lines that is the same length. Using the outermost point as the first hole, mark off the other 23 points along the spiral work- ing towards the center. If a metal dise is used, the holes can be drilled with a small drill. Holes should be just large enough to overlap and the size will be equal to the height of the picture divided by the number of holes. In this case it amounts to .036” and a No. 60 drill which is the smallest easily procurable and .040” in diameter should be used. If a hand drill is used, cut off the smooth shank of the drill so that it can be mounted in the chuck with only about 4%” or %” extending. This will save drills as it is very easy to snap them when they are so thin and ex- tend very far out of the chuck. From the information given above, it should be possible to lay out most any sort of a scanning disc and provided the work is carefully done, the results should he gratifying.

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WAC JCD) vorks tates sions nerg- ntrol lead- land r all ined- e re- auto- is 39 n in- with cers, Com- y, is Orps, cher, or in 4.00 Most and, such ‘ittle "Oxi- ging each sion are dius the off ork- 1 be 1 be size ture this trill and and - of the ing. - to ex- It sort ork AUGUST, 1928 HE logs are checked, the messages are counted, and the tallies have been set down. The Award Com- mittee, in all its solemnity, has wield- ed the Wouff Hong and the Rettysnitch, and has adjourned. The International Re- lay Contest of February, 1928, is all done —but the shouting. “The guests are met, the feast is set— May’st hear the merry din” , Who won? 1ASF did, with a fifty-watt transmitter and no extra opera- tors. He shouted the loudest, in those two glorious weeks last winter, in spite of the fact that a steam shovel nearly wrecked his transmitting antenna mast, There’s no need to wish him more power by way of congratulation; in the first place, he doesn’t need it, and in the second, he’ll have it, just as soon as he chooses the Grand Prize. Canadian 1AR led Canada, and by the rules gets Grand Prize number two. Among the next twenty-five, all of whom are United States amateurs, every district is represented. Some mighty fine prizes will go to the fellows in “the high twenty-five”. There are several interesting aspects of the contests which should be pointed out. In the first place, everyone enjoyed it tremendously, or else we can’t believe the reports that were turned in. We’re so im- pressed with the fun that the contest af- forded that we believe the prizes are a sec- ondary matter. Perhaps the idea was best expressed by R. M. Brown, of nlGREN, who said: “You may disqualify me for something I have not done or have done (though I have done my best to do every- thing as it should be) but you will not be able to take away the enjoyment I have had, and for that I thank you”. Another aspect which most surely is of great importance is the amount of good will and acquaintance stirred up between this continent and other lands. Why, bless us, if we don’t think that working five “new” countries is not as good or better, in the line of diplomacy, than sending a dele- gation to the League of Nations. And it actually costs less!! A number of WAC certificates were awarded as a result of the contest. The number of QSL cards handled at head- quarters for foreigners and NU-NC amateurs was tremendous. Special mention must be given to 1ASF on the score of being the only NU or NC station to work Sweden, 6DHS takes the * Assistant to the Communcations Manager. OST The 1928 International Relay Party By Louis R. Huber* honor for being the only one to work Ar- gentine. 2AOL had Egypt all to himself; and 1KH took the Netherlands. Now let’s say a word about the partici- pants outside the “nu” and “nc” classifica- tion. Their logs!! . and their mes- sage files!! Some of these are works of art; they deserve ensconcement into some fine museum. British 5BY turned in a beautiful report that counts up to the fig- ure of 573. He leads all others in Great Britain and elsewhere by hundreds. Second to him comes Belgian 4AU, with 486 points. Porto Rican 4SA is third with a score of 405. Australian 7CW comes fourth with 369; and New Zealand 3AR lands near our own level with 328. In each foreign coun- try where an amateur took part, the sta- tion with the highest score will receive a prize. Among the gleeful shouts of the prize- winners will be mingled weeping and the gnashing of the teeth of those who made so bold as to operate off- wave. 1IC might have been sixth in the United States, but he thought the grass across the fence grew greener. 2CRB might have been eighth, but he, too, strayed from the straight and narrow path. 8AXZ might be sporting some new apparatus as a reward for being fourteenth. LAXA and 2CUQ were in the “big money”, but watch- ful ears heard; accusing and irrefutable reports came in!! The rest who were dis- qualified for unfair play, although having scores too low for prizes, are: IBW, 5KC, 1ALR, 2AVB, 2BFQ, 3AFW, 4EC, 9DPW, and 9AMN. All disqualifica- tions have been made only after concrete and irrefragable proof has been presented. Official Observers’ reports played a part; a special watch at 1MK was kept, and in each case the log of the offender was found to check with the accusation. But let us leave the Vale of Tears and gaze upon the calls of those who reached the Promised Land: 1ASF—305 nclAR—105 2ALU—295 6AM—156 2TP—259 9EZ—152 8GZ—258 9DRD—149 1CMP—241 SHF—148 4FU—228 1WL—1386 9DNG—213 1ABA—185 1BHS—209 1AZD—133 5WZ—202 7DF—133 8AHC—201 9ARA—131 4WE—195 9CK—125 4BL—169 5QL—123 8CKJ—168 8ADG—122 1KK—166

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3BNU—38 83DH—88 9CGJ—88 1CPB—88 1FS—38 2WC—87 1AVJ—37 9DGA—87 9DOE—37 2LA—14 6CHL—14 1ASR—13 6BYH-——13 2CHI-——12 s8GI—12 8CLA—12 4LX—12 2BBX—12 2AHO—12 7BM—12 8ATV—12 1BLS—12 4DB—12 9BRI—12 1AGE—11 6DHS—11 2BCH—11 5AGQ—11 1BTQ—11 sBUV—10 8CLP—10 2BOW—10 6BGO—10 6RV—10 9BPL—10 9EFW—10 5AUT—10 6CIS—10 9MN—10 SDHS—10 6CUH—10 8QV—10 4NL—10 8VE—-9 6BGC—-9 8AT.Q0—9 9ANZ—9 8SWT—9 SRAZ—9 1BNS—9 3HH—9 9CZH—9 RSGL 9 2JIN—9 3FZ—9 9DBJI—9 2BDA—9 8LD—9 2BAV—8 6WB—8 1HO—7 9sDCG—7 71V—7 1ZV—7 1BIV—7 3CBT—7 7ACF—7 5ALA—6 6A0OD—6 1AJM—6 8ANC—6 1ADW—6 6DQ—6 2BAC—6 4MI—6 SCDB—6 10ON—6 7VL—6 nc5CP—6 1wV—6 9AVP—5 SDAJ—5 20L—5 9DIH—5 ne2CA—5 2CC—5 2cOoO—4 9DHP-—4 6BBJ—4 9Qs—4 2FN—4 9BOB—~4 6CZK—4 4CK—4 T7TAEC—4 2AVZ—3 8SAMS—3 9EJO—3 1TD—3 2ACY—3 6DDQ-—3 8CJ—3 9BCA—3 TAAT—3 2BCB—3 2HR—3 1IA—3 2DR—3 1ATU—3 EG 5BY—573 5ML—277 6RB—231 2NH—227 5MA—136 2VQ—1382 5VL—94 5YX—71 6HP—64 2CX—62 5AD—56 5UW—53 2KF—52 5JW—A7 5BD—45 5YK—43 6RW—23 6QB—22 6BB—16 2SC—10 6CI—7 6PP—5 2ZC—5 5YG—4 6LB—38 6GZ—1 2AX—1 6JK—1 6wY—1 EB 4AU—486 4CB—232 4RS—119 4CO—34 OA 2SH—330 3WM—284 38HL-—-253 3CP—221 2DY—208 &8LS-—203 3VP—201 5HG—157 7CH—152 3KB—1650 7LJ—144 2YJ—106 2MH—98 6SA—97 5CM—91 3LP—76 5XG—54 5DX—39 5WA—38 5WP—27 8JO—25 4AW—19 8X F—18 2XI—16 8GR—13 2RZ—10 *This 1FN—3 nce4AH—3 3CJ—3 8SABX—3 9IDWE—3 8DDK—3 1AFB-—3 8SAKZ—3 9AFB—3 3SJ—3 9COS—3 7TEO—3 iSV—3 Foreign Scores 4YN—10 3CA—9 7JK—7 3WH—7 5BY—4 3JJ—1 2NS—1 OZ 3AR—328 2AC—274 2BG—-230 3AU—208 2BP—114 1AE—108 4A0—92 2AB—78 2AT—56 3AZ—40 3AJ—33 1AP—28 1AR—19 3AI—15 1AC—7 8CG—1 EF 8 LN—169 gCP—84 8IX—58 8YNB—47 8FC—85 SLA—17 sYCC—13 &SGYD—-10 SFU 10 8FT—7 8ID—7 8LAP—7 8GRG-—7 ED OIP—8* EP 3AM—259 8CO—103 3FZ—90 IMA—1 EN 0 WIM—1 (zero WIM) EO AA2—1 station was a ship off the coast of N. J. and can not receive a prize on account of its commercial status. AUGUST, 1928 8AMU—3 8SDBM—3 9BIB—3 1CKM—3 3BCD—3 ne4FV—3 TAKK—3 2CTQ—3 9BSH—2 6CHT—2 7AGH--1 7AGB—1 9HI-—1 SATS —2 EK 4AAP—79 4XY—49 EW H2—s88 EE EAR18—35 EJ 7DD—7 lat EI ing go 1FP—253 lis 1RK—116 1CR—102 pr 1MA—57 do IMG—23 ms 1CE—4 th EM SMUV—1 34 So FO up A38Z—162 tw A4X—75 ar A4L—39 A8V—27 ~ AGU—24 a A9A—23 A3C—22 A8M—10 Pe ATU—7 ( 1SR—5 clu AGR—4 Ch A4M—2 ( AsD—1 All A4vV—1 ( A4E pri A38Y 1 OH 6BDL—20 6CLJ—18 SC ( 2AS—2388 2AR—-106 da 83AK—56 ae TAA—21 ce su ne f 1BU—53 i 1CG—6 ou 1FC—6 Vi at ar

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AUGUST, 1928 SB NN NP 1AW—178 INIC—-120 4S A—405 1AK—152 2AX—105 NA 0o 2AG—83 1AJ—135 21G—40 7TO—37 GEO—9 2AK-—30 7IMN—1 2AS—27 2AZ—13 NH FE 7AB—1 CcA—4 1ES—1 NE NI SA SAN 5 Al GREN—208 —* 2BG—19 NM FQ AC 1N—133 PM-— 96 1AX—-12 9A—69 EA 1CcB—9 ss oFF NR 2FI : GP—121 AQ 2FG—307 wy—40 2EA—112 KY—10 1LM—10 2AGS—75 KL—4 The task of awarding the prizes is a large one. It has only begun at this writ- ing. Choices have to be asked—they must go by mail. The winners highest in the list have the privilege of selecting the prize-group which they like best. We are doing our best to satisfy everyone and to make the awards fit the winners. We ask the prize-winners to have patience. The list of prizes appeared on pages 33, 34, 35, and 44 of February, 1928, QST. Some very desirable groups have been made up from these donations, They range from twenty dollars up to $350 or more. We are grateful for additional late donations for the contest from the following manu- facturers: $18.00 One set of 10 Peleo short wave receiving coils, in- cluding the set for the RF amplifier. Pacific Engineering Laboratory Co. Chicago Radio Apparatus Co., Inc. $7.50 One set of Chi-Rad short wave coils. Allen-Bradle y Co. $6.50 One Radiostat variable resistance for transformer primary. 2@e Amateur Calls Changing FFICIALLY all Canadian amateur calls now begin with the letters “VE.” Canadian amateur licenses are always dated to expire on the same day, annually —in April, if memory serves. When li- censes were reissued this year they bore new calls, consisting of the letters “VE” followed by the numeral and letters of the old call. This is in accordance with a pro- vision of the Washington Convention, oblig- atory the first of next year. Thus, for ex- ample, the station which we always re- OST 35 ferred to as nc9AL and which was really assigned 9AL for a call and which com- bined the letters “nc” with two other let- ters to make an amateur intermediate, is now licensed as VE9AL. Inasmuch as the first two letters indicate nationality, in ac- cordance with a subdivision of the alphabet incorporated in the Washington Conven- tion, the old intermediate “de” is supposed to be used. Canada has acted this early, however, only because present licenses will run until next Spring. All of us in this country will have our calls changed too. The League has sug- gested that the calls of amateurs in con- tinental United States begin with the letter “W” and those in distant territories and possessions with the letter “K”. Such dis- tinction is necessary in order to recognize a Hawaiian, an Alaskan, a Porto Rican, etc. This idea we believe will receive fa- vorable consideration in Washington, and in fact it would seem that renewal licenses are now coming back with the letter “W” in front of the call; 1BDI for example is now WIBI. We imagine that it will be the Government’s intention to amend the call on all renewals made from now on, and to change the calls of the rest of us by an order, later in the year, directing the prefixing of a letter ahead of existing calls. Similar changes must be made by gov- ernments in every country by the end of the year. When this is done we say good- bye to the I.A.R.U. intermediates which have served us so faithfully and go back to the old standard intermediate “de’’, relic of the days before international DX. It seems to us that in the case of amateurs of two countries which have changed amateur calls so as to indicate nationality, the in- ternational intermediate may now be aban- doned as an unnecessary encumbrance; “VESAL de W1BDI” is fully informative. But the retention of the I.A.R.U. inter- mediates seems essential where the ama- teur call has not been changed by the gov- ernment. Thus “8FN de W1BDI” is not explanatory, for 8FN may be French, U.S.A., Newfoundland or what-not. To call French 8FN it had still better be “S8FN efnu WIBDI” until France changes too. And let’s not have any foolish business of prefixing “W” or “K” to calls until they are individually changed, or a proclama- tion is issued, by the Government. We must individually sign just what our li- censes read until they are officially changed. —K. B. W.

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’ following manner. OST AUGUST, 1928 An Effective Antenna Tuning System By R. B. Bourne* OST amateurs pay not the slightest attention to the problem of get- ting the most out of their receiv- ing antennas. The vast majority vers are coupled to the antenna through a very small condenser or of a coil of two or three turns. ree of coupling is sometimes made but in neither case is the antenna intention, at least. another control! Yes, but it is ary to use it if not wanted. With untenna, say 100 feet in length, be certain groups of wavelengths the antenna is tuned, using pacitative or inductive coupling. the wavelengths in between? there is a loss of signal strength esonance potentials and currents ssible. to take advantage of a tuned antenna, the writer, some three . built into his autodyne receiver a tuning arrangement, shown in form in the accompanying draw- the switch S open, we have a type of receiver familiar to C; is the antenna coupling con- 10 uuf. and Le Ce the usual tuned L, C, is a wavemeter having and large condenser, the com- vering from 15 to 50 meters. of this circuit is set at right that of the grid circuit or at such that the coupling between the two inimum, With the switch S open, wavemeter loosely coupled to the This, in itself, justifies its presence eceiver. antenna tuner, the device is used The signal is with the switch S open. Closing h may have no effect or it may re- 1e detector stopping oscillating, de- on whether the wavemeter happens uned correctly and depending also wavelength. For certain wave- tuning the wavemeter circuit has no effect on the signal. For oth- ever, the effect of properly adjust- mplete set is rather remarkable. ng we are on a wavelength the re- we find, upon varying C., that for a of signals on which can be im- range of capacities, the detector illating, C, is set so as to have a Holeomb St., Hartford, Conn. present it. value about midway in the “dead” space on its dial. Regeneration is increased un. til the signal appears again. If the re generation control affects tuning, a read. justment of C; will have to be made. In any case, the coupling between the two LC circuits by means of C, is liable to affect the adjustment of the tuning condenser more or less, depending on the size of the coupling condenser. The gain in signal strength obtained in this manner, on wave; THE MANNER IN WHICH THE TUNING CIRCUIT IS CONNECTED WHEN USED IN CON- JUNCTION WITH A RECEIVER EM- PLOYING CAPACITATIVE COUPLING BETWEEN THE ANTENNA AND GRID CIRCUITS The station wavemeter or frequency meter may bh used for L1-Cl and will show how much of a gain may be obtained in this manner. susceptible to treatment, is worth while, and in some cases ‘will approach the gain obtained by a stage of audio frequency an- plification. Another thing happens simultaneously. With the antenna in tune with the oscillat- ing detector, energy is fed from the latter to the former, resulting in effect in a re duction of antenna resistance. This of course means increased selectivity. If the scheme is used ahead of a stage of rf. amplification in which there is no reaction between amplifier and detector, only a moé- erate gain in signal strength is noted, since the effective resistance of the antenna has not been lowered. Admittedly, there are several implied questions left unanswered, involving the impedance characteristics of coupled par allel tuned circuits, but even though they are not gone into at this time, the scheme outlined above is so effective, so simple and so cheap that it seems well worth while te

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Space ed un. he re read. le. In wo LC affect denser of the signal wave; RCUIT DN- i. nay be a gain while, gain y am- ously >i llat- latter a re is of f the f ri ction mod- 1oted, enna plied the par: they heme » and le to AUGUST, 1928 OST 28,000 Kilocycles—And How! By Harold P. Westman, Technical Editor The one originally making this state- ment might have had amateur radio in mind, providing there was such a thing as amateur radio. The history of amateur radio has certainly been a cyclic affair. Not many years ago, we were surprised and, perhaps, shocked to find that our theories regarding transmission were not as accurate as we had supposed. It was found that effective transmission could be had at frequencies of 3,000 ke. in spite of the great attenuation predicted for such “high” frequencies. A few pioneers, may their tribe increase, got vacuum tube trans- mitters to oscillate at these uncommon fre- quencies, coupled them to indifferent an- tennas and actually shamed the 1500 kc. equipment that had had some years in which to develop. And how folks did ob- ject to leaving their nice warm beds of ac- cepted theories and “normally behaving” circuits to venture into the cold outdoors of newer realms, And, what would be the humorous part, if it were not so tragic, is [’ is said that “History repeats itself”. far as DX was concerned, it was decidedly superior. But, as in the 3500 ke. work, it was like pulling teeth to get enough sta- tions to operate on that frequency to give it a fair trial and find out that it was worthwhile. The next frequency to be attacked was 14,000 ke. and there were many who after a short trial announced in letters to us that it was useless as far as amateur op- eration was concerned. It was not as ef- fective at night as was 7000 kes. which indicated it to be an inferior frequency for DX work. It was much more erratic in its behavior, signals were harder to copy due to swinging and fading. Antennas seemed too small to be able to have much effect. And yet, 14,000 ke, work is com- mon today. A large number of amateurs use this band exclusively while a. still larger number devote their time to opera- tion in these two last named high frequency bands. In March, the Federal Radio Commission opened the 28,000 to 30,000 ke. band to ‘ | | | THE 28,000 KC. TRANSMITTER AT 1SZ A 204-A is used in an Armstrong circuit. left and the grid tuning circuit at the right. The plate coil and condenser are at the The blocking condensers, “pass con- densers and grid leak are located behind and under the tube. The antenna was a Zepp employing a half wave vertical radiator, 16 feet long. The two feeders were each 8 feet in length. The receiver was described in the article “A Portable Receiver” appearing in the April, 1928, issue of QST. No contacts were established with the equipment. that these newer realms became even more comfortable than the older. The tragic part is that it took months, months and months to get even a small minority in the swim. Of course, after a few important land marks had been pointed out and some momentum gained, it was impossible to keep the rest away from these “high” fre- quencies. And so 8000 and 3500 ke. work became a fact. _And History did repeat! A considerable time later, 7000 kc. was an accepted fre- quency for amateur operation. In fact, as general amateur work. Since then, very little has been done by amateurs as a whole but, fortunately, it is not true that all amateurs sat back and waited for the other fellow to do it. There are probably be- tween two and three dozen actively inter- ested in the problem and it cannot be said that they have not made progress. They have done well considering the number of persons involved and the possibility that transmissions at this frequency may be at their best under conditions which we do not now associate with good operation.

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— y to the opinions of many, it does e special arrangements, equipment lable to amateurs or a superior un- ling of radio to get a transmitter aT eiver to operate at this frequency. pes of tubes used by these pioneers 210’s, 203-A’s, 204-A’s & 852’s, and arrangements, Hartley, Arm- stror Colpitts, Ultra-audion and Mo-Pa. eems to be as much diversity of what constitutes the “best” - + is oO ) . 2, | | ) Te, _ PT ~ Cc, eee, vvy¥ C3 THE SPLIT-COIL HARTLEY CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT USED BY 8ALY rns of %-Inch copper tubing, 3 inches in of \“%-inch copper tubing 3 inches in turns of No. 20, 1 inch diameter. ‘ turns of No. 30 on 1 inch form. ing is used ; fd. variable condenser. fd. variable condenser. ; fd. fixed condenser. " fd. fixed condenser. 5 fd. 3000-volt condenser. ohms. t be advisable to use series feed to the plate some of the work off the plate choke. The } e lead would then go to the junction of LI Double spac- ngement as there is among ‘king in the 7000 and 14000 kc. h would lead one to believe that all of those circuits commonly amateurs give similar operation rly adjusted. nse to our requests, a number of ers has supplied us with ac- he work they have done in this While these do not by any all the work that has been y give an insight into some of it hoped that it will show others le it is to make their present operate at 28,000 ke. We want those who supplied the informa- is given below. 8ALY iderable amount of work has been ALY of Rochester, N. Y. He 1 in with a 208-A and after trying he split-coil Hartley, Colpitts and x OST AUGUST, 1928 Armstrong circuits that it was not doing as well as it might, particularly in regard to frequency stability which seemed to be poor on frequencies above 24,000 Ke. The 203-A was swapped for an 852 and as might be expected the difficulties en- countered were considerably reduced. The split-coil Hartley, single-coil Hartley Colpitts, Armstrong and Meissner ecir- cuits were tried. The split-coil Hartley and Colpitts were by far the best, the Arm- strong a good third and the Hartley and Meissner circuits a very bad fourth and fifth. Some of the “five-meter circuits” were tried but did not perform nearly as well as the three better circuits mentioned above. The split-coil Hartley was finally adopted because it could be tuned more easily with- out the tube going out of oscillation than could the Colpitts. With it, it is possible to rotate the grid tuning condenser over the entire range from 27,000 to 35,000 kc. in- dependent of the plate condenser and still keep the tube oscillating. Filament and center tap chokes should be used and care should be taken to obtain those of proper value as they can easily cause poor performance. Coupling between the two coils was not found to be critical. Three types of antennas were tried, a 4/2-wave horizontal voltage feed Hertz, 11 feet off the ground, a 3/2-wave bent an- tenna consisting of a vertical wire 22.5 feet long and a horizontal wire 22.5 feet long and a vertical half-wave Zeppelin. All of these systems were fairly well in the clear. Due to the scarcity of reports, very lit- tle positive information was obtained re- garding the 4/2- and 3/2-wave_ systems, However, reports on the ‘%-wave Zepp were far more encouraging and _ signals were reported as being much louder and less bothered with fading than with the other two. It is interesting to know that when using the vertical antenna for the first time, good reports on signals were obtained from ef8CT and eg2BRG. For two months previous while using the other two systems no reports had ever been re- ceived from Europe. As a check on these antenna systems, the three were interchanged at intervals during contacts with west coast stations. The vertical antenna gave by far the best signals at all times of the day tried and local stations reported signals nearly twice as loud with the vertical antenna as com- pared to the other systems. The regular tuner used on the lower fre- quency bands was first employed but caused trouble due to the tuning effect of the re generation control condenser, interference caused by automobiles, power leaks, etc., body capacity, lack of selectivity and feed back from phone cords. A tuner similar to the “Traffic Tuner” described in the April, 7" manor

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and uits” ly as ioned »pted with- than sible r the in- ‘still ould tain asily veen al. d, a , ll feet long l of ear. lit- re- ms, epp 1als and the hat the ere For her ms, als est AUGUST, 1928 1927 issue of QST was constructed. The whole set was enclosed in a copper shield as are the batteries for the 199 type tubes employed. Tube base coils are used for all bands and due to their small fields, en- closing them in a shield did not affect the frequency ranges in the slightest. The in- ternal capacities of the dry cell tubes are somewhat less than those of the larger tubes and this allows larger inductances and capacitances to be used in the tuning circuit. 8ALY has been in communication with 6UF, 6DVO, 6ANN, 5AUZ and two locals, 8AHK and 8CVO. During March and the early part of April, tests were made prac- tically every week-end but as no reports were received nor any amateur signals heard, it was decided to run tests only on Sundays between 1520 and 2230 G.C.T. On April list, contact was established with 6UF and 6DVO and since then, with the exception of one or two Sundays when no signals could be heard and even the harmonics from local stations were barely distinguishable, communication with the West Coast could be maintained with ease. Signals from the West Coast start com- ing through at 1400 and usually fade out around 2230 G.C.T. No great deviation of signal strength was noticed during this period although signals were usually stronger and steadier between 2100 and 2200. Fading was apparent at all times HV yy a | C3/ Cy - aA dL is iy ad FIG. 2. 2JN USES THIS ARRANGEMENT OF THE COLPITTS CIRCUIT Li—5 turns of %4-inch copper tubing, 3%4 inches in diameter. L2—4 turns same as L1. Cil—Cardwell type T183. C2—2000 yufd., 10,000-volt fixed condenser, C3—2000 uufd. fixed condensers. Ri—9000 ohms. but seldom bad enough to actually inter- rupt communication. 6UF was worked as many as 5 or 6 times on some Sundays dur- ing the test period and no difficulty was had in establishing contacts. The _ signals usually peaked at 2130 and were at times R8 to R9. Signals from 5AUZ were not heard very often, they seemed to come through very well between 1930 and 2300 G.C.T. with practically no peaking of signals being no- OST ticeable but with fading similar to that noticed on West Coast signals. The most consistent and steady signal heard was that of HJG who can be heard between 1300 and 2300 G.C.T. never weaker than R3 and with very little fading. 7 c i+} 6 Fin FIG. 3. THE ULTRA-AUDION AS USED BY 5AUZ The capacity, C3, is used to control feed back. Li—3 turns of copper tubimg, spaced % inch and 3% inch in diameter. L2—4 turns same as L1. C1—250 wpfd. receiving (Now about 60 yufds.) C2—Faradon .0012 ufds, C3—100 agfd. midget. R1—15,000 ohms. RFC—150 turns of No, 30 on broom handle. on CULL) — | _ — icy ted +0——aII-_—_ DR n n HV 6 One end left open. condenser double spaced. WIK is seldom heard and never better than R1, AGC was seldom heard but when the signal was picked up it seemed to fade very little. 23N Perhaps when it comes to DX, the palm should go to 2JN of Upper Montclair, N. J., who has been in communication with ef8CT four times, who has heard 8CT thir- teen times when it was impossible to get in two way contact and who was heard by 8CT six times under similar conditions. He has also received reports from eg2NM, eg5YK and eg2NH. He has been in com- munication with 2ACN. 2AHO, 2AOL, 2AQB, 2BCI, 2BHA, 2BRB, 2GP, 2NM, 2SY, 2TP, 6ANN and 6UF. He has also been reported by three Second Distric sta- tions whom he did not work. 2JN is using his regular 14,000 kc. trans- mitter for the 28,000 ke. work. The circuit is the familiar Hoffman arrangement of the Colpitts and it seems to work very weil. An 852 is used with half-wave self-rectifi- cation. The antenna is located in the attic of a two-story house and is about 1.5 feet be- neath and parallel to the rafters. It is of the Zeppelin type, the radiating portion be- ing 16 feet long and the feeders; 8 feet in length. The receiver employs a single stage of radio frequency amplification using a

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199 type tubes are used for the nd single stage of audio fre- amplification. This is the re- ed for all the lower frequency that was necessary smaller coils for this new regular coils were wound on ut this smaller one is air-sup- tuning range is from 24,000 ) kilocycles and the adjustment is re tricky than on the lower 6UF tation that has given an excel- of itself is 6UF at Knowles, 100 watts input to a 203-A neutralized power amplifier feed- cal Zeppelin antenna, reports ived from 5DQ, 8ALY and 9BNX. ls were weak and always heard FULL-WAVE SELF-RECTIFICATION IS BY SEX WITH THIS REINARTZ CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT 4 rs L3—4 turns of %-inch copper tubing 4 inch and 3 inches in diameter. 25 uufd, condenser. fd. Cardwell double spaced to give about fds ma each. i. GR condenser, h of No. 30 d.s.c. on 1 inch tube. morning transmissions. In- length of the feeders from % ; made practically no difference By substituting an 852 for an increase in output was ob- ating system was then changed a vertical antenna and hori- erpoise each of which were % This system gave better results previously tried. st, the 852 power amplifier was nd the 210 which had been em- he master oscillator was used to antenna. With about 25 watts ALY was worked and he reported | as being the loudest ever heard t coast on any frequency. The en tried in place of the 210 and fine results were obtained. A er of contacts were made with gement. During the time that OST AUGUST, 1928 6UF has been operating at this high fre. quency, communication has been _ estab- lished with 8AHK, 8ALY, 8CSR, 8EX, 6DBO and 2JN. Signals from 2EB, 2NM, 4GH and 8GK were heard in addition to the contacts mentioned above. The receiver used in the standard affair employing capacitive control of regenera- tion, It is built on a 5” by 10” aluminum panel and is 6” deep. A 199 is used as a detector tube and a 201-A as the audio amplifier tube. Normally a 500-foot an- tenna is coupled to it but when there is trouble from a strong power leak near by, or the static is very bad, a short indoor antenna is used. No ground or counter- poise is connected and the antenna is tied to one end of the coupling coil, the other end of the coil being free. The direction in which the coil is wound seems to have con- siderable effect on the strength of the sig- nals and the coil should be reversed to ob- tain the proper condition. Very tight coupling to the filament end of the grid in- ductance is necessary. No trouble is ex- perienced due to “dead spots” over the 14, 28 and 56,000 ke. bands. Exceptionally fine signal strength is obtained, a point which all visitors to the station comment upon. 2GP When 2GP of Richmond Hill, L. L, N.Y. became interested in this new band, he pro- ceeded to cut down the size of the induct- ances in his 14,000 ke. transmitter and re- ceiver and started in. The transmitter is a shunt feed Hartley with 1000 volts on the plate of a 203-A which has seen service during the last 2% years on the other amateur bands. The input is about 200 watts. The radiating system consists of a 58- foot Hertz with a single wire feeder about 30 feet long tapped about 18 feet from one end of the antenna. This is used against a 60-foot counterpoise resulting in a com- bination that would be difficult to analyze. The receiver is the one used for the lower frequency bands for which Gross plug-in coils are provided. Capacitive control of regeneration is employed. For 28,000 kc., the secondary coil consists of two turns of No. 14 wire and is about 2” in diameter. The tickler coil is of 1” diameter and con- sists of 3 turns of the same wire, although d.c.c. is used and the winding is scrambled. G.R. plugs are connected to the ends of the coils and they may be fitted into the reg- ular receptical used to hold the other coils of the receiver. The tuning condenser 1s rather large and covers a range of about 23,000 to 30,000 ke. The receiving antenna is about 70 feet long and 25 feet high. It is coupled by a small capacity to the grid of the detector tube, A single stage of audio amplification is used. sign

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1 fre. estab- 2NM. on to affair nera- inum asa audio > ane re is r by, 1door nter- tied other on in con- sig- 0 ob- tight d in- } ex. e 14, nally oint ment N.Y. pro- luct- | re- ‘tley )3-A The 58- pout one inst ‘om- yze. wer p-in | of ke., 3 of ter. ugh led. the oils - is out na rid of AUGUST, 1928 With this outfit 2GP worked 2AOL, 9BEV, 2BRB, 2BUO, 2EB, 2JN and 2NM. In addition to these stations worked, 2AQB, 29AVG, 2TP and ef8CT were heard and the signals of 2GP reported by ef8CT. 5AUZ On Sunday morning, April 15th, 5AUZ in El Paso, Texas, decided that he would like to get going on the new band, Single turn inductances were substituted for the §-turn affairs normally used for plate and grid tuning in the Armstrong circuit doing duty at 7,000 ke. The plate voltage on the 204-A was 1500 and the current about 150 mils. The plate coil showed lots of fire when given the well known “pencil test” and the next thing was to try and get the plate current down by adjusting the grid tuning condenser. However, it was found that this had no effect on either the plate current or the frequency which stayed at about 30,000 ke. regardless of the adjust- ments of either of the tuning condensers. About this time, a familiar odor was no- ticed and the blocking condenser was found to be dripping wax. The condenser was supposed to be good for 4 amperes so it was concluded that the circuit was not act- ing in true Armstrong fashion. A double- spaced Cardwell was substituting and the circuit acted more normally except for the fact that the plate current was still around 150 mils with no antenna connected. The receiver is the same one used for the 7-and 14,000-ke. bands, employs a sin- gle UX-222 and is modeled after the one described by R. B. Bourne in the Decem- ber, 1927 issue of QST. For the start, the antenna coil was moved over into the de- tector compartment and a two-turn coil was substituted for the 4-turn grid coil used for 14,000 ke, reception. All of these preparations took approximately 30 min- utes. Upon listening in, 8ALY was heard working 6UF and 6ANN. Neither of the 6’s could be heard and after these contacts had ended, 8ALY was called but did not answer. A long CQ was made to which 8ALY responded. A thoroughly satisfac- tory contact lasting for 30 minutes was made with good signal strength at both ends. Later on, 8AHK was worked although the fading was very bad. The regular 7000 ke. antenna was used and the antenna cur- rent, at the point where the ammeter was connected, was nil. Since this work has been done a new transmitter has been constructed for this band, employing a single UX-210 in the ultra-audion circuit. The plate voltage is either 550 a.c. or 450 volts obtained from B batteries. When using the B battery, a slight amount of modulation supplied from an audio oscillator is employed so as to broaden the note for easier copying. OST No two-way work has been done using this set but it has been reported several times by stations in the Eighth District. Using two UX-210’s in parallel with a 5000-ohm grid-leak instead of the 15,000 ohm unit used with a single tube, the set will operate at a frequency of 50,000 kc. When using the r.f, stage of the receiver, tuning becomes rather troublesome as 30,- 000 ke. signals are hard enough to find with a two control receiver. It has been found, though, that the 222 really gives some amplification at this frequency. 8EX In Cleveland, Ohio, we find 8EX who uses a UX-210 in the Reinartz circuit shown herewith. With this he worked 6UF for about 15 minutes. Both signals were steady and about R6. The contact was re- established about 1 hour later and con- tinued until 8EX blew a fuse. Later in the same day, ef8CT was logged about R4 but swinging badly. This was on Sunday, April 1st, and an R6, steady report was received from 6DBO who heard these sig- nals at 7.45 p.m. P.S.T. One week later contact was established with 6ANN at noon E.S.T. and while sig- nal strengths were good fading was bad. The antenna system is a full-wave Zep with feeders just short of % wave. A shunt condenser is used for tuning’ the feeders. The system goes straight out the attic window at a height of 32 feet to a 40-foot pole. The radiating portion is $1 feet long. The tuner used is the same as employed for operation in the other bands. Capaci- tive control of regeneration is used and the 1500-ke. coil form was called upon to hold the winding of the 28,000-ke. coil. This is a 1” diameter coil of 3 turns of No. 14 an- tenna wire spaced 4%”. The tickler is 4 turns of No. 22 d.c.c, wound on 2 fingers and soldered to the proper contacts. Very loose coupling to the antenna is needed in order that the set will oscillate and for this reason a new tuner will probably be built soon. A crystal-controlled transmitter which was used for 14,000-kc. work has been modi- fied to make it suitable for 28,000 kc. op- eration. It has not as yet been satisfac- torily adjusted and gives about half the output that is obtained from the self ex- cited set. However, it gives what seems from the experience already gained to be more important than power output and that is frequency stability. 5HE When using an 852 in an ultra-audion circuit, 5HE of San Antonio, Texas, worked 1AQD at 12:30 P.M. and 2:80 P.M.

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April 29th. 1AQD is reported ng 1000 volts on the plate of a UX- ransmitter at 5HE was _ located 1 foot of the lead-in bowls and the 1 was 32 feet long overall including tion of it referred to as the coun- The coupling coil was located 1.4 The set and counterpoise were 6 ground making the top of the antenna which was 24 feet long above the ground. This is only a ry installation in operation but a which accounts for the small f work done. ef8cT elieve that ef8CT, Pierre Auschitzky, yelamen, Arcachon, France is using ansmitting tubes, power unknown, h pull oscillating circuit. Current a half wave antenna is used. It ped that more information concern- station would be available but such proved to be the case. MORE STATIONS NEEDED opinions regarding the equipment ed in 28,000-ke. work are many and among those experimenters from have received reports, there is n to which there are no dissenters. rhaps best expressed by the follow- ation taken from the report of It is, “Due to the scarcity of sta- king in the 28,000 ke. channel it be safe to forecast results al- communication with West Coast stations has been fairly satisfac- The italics are not due to 8ALY used to indicate the thought ex- y most of those involved, ugh it may seem to many that trans- at frequencies above 25,000 kc. er be satisfactory for communica- poses, it must be remembered that at 14,000 ke. was once thought im- | but that we now know that by he right time, season, radiator, excellent work can be done. It seems from the results already | that 28,000 ke. holds some possi- nd that it should be given a whirl. put your outfit on this band dur- ndays as are these others? All the changes outlined at the start of sle were successful so don’t let’s juse we aren’t sure that this won’t weren't sure of the others, either. s see if we can’t make “History re- nee more! Ost AUGUST, 1928 Northwestern Division Conven- tion August 31. Sept. 1, Seattle, Washington for the Hotel Berg- Washington, where A LL ABOARD! the annual convention of this divi- onian, Seattle, sion will be held on the above dates, under the auspices of the Amateur Radio Club of Seattle. Everybody is working hard to make this a he convention and the committee in charge extends a cordial invitation to all the radio amateurs in this division. If you attend we will feel repaid for the hard work. A.R.R.L. Headquarters have promised to send Louis R. Huber, 9DOA, now Assistant to the Communications Manager in Hart- ford, and from what we hear he is a live wire. Our program will be so arranged we know everyone will be satisfied. So write and let Ken Casey, TACB, 722 No. 74th St., Seattle, Washn., know that you will be pres- ent. Standard Frequency Stations Needed T is with great regret that the O.W.L.S. Committee has learned that 1XM (Mass. Institute of Technology) will be unable to continue the transmission of Standard Frequency Schedules. Accordingly, volun- teers are asked to transmit such schedules on the East Coast. A West Coast volun- teer is also wanted. Such stations must have at least two operators trained in technically accurate frequency measure- ments and one or two assistants. The group or organization behind the transmissions must be well and favorably known to in- spire public confidence in their accuracy. Power is not the prime requisite though 250 watts is desirable; a good and distinc- tive note and absolutely steady frequency are essential. Crystal control is not suita- ble because of the large number of fre- quencies to be covered. Transmissions will probably be in the 3.5, 7.0, 14.0, and 30 megacycle bands, Anyone interested please write K.V.R. Lansingh, nu6QX, in charge of O.W.L.S.-S.F., Box 731, Hollywood, Calif. K.V.R.L.

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1928 ven- on Berg- vhere divi- inder Club his a large radio ‘tend od to stant fart- live we vrite St., yres- 1S AUGUST, 1928 OST 43 Filter Circuits By Clyde Farrar* LTHOUGH many discussions of filter circuits have appeared in print, most of the articles have presented the subject from a prac- tical viewpoint only. This short article is an attempt to throw some light upon the actions taking place within the filter cir- cult. The present high grade filter circuit usually consists of two inductances, called choke coils, across which are shunted 3 capacitances. In the majority of cases a double rectifier feeds into the filter circuit. The function of the filter is to attenuate all alternating current components of the complex wave applied to it and pass only the constant component. With the out- put of a double rectifier (i.e., full wave) feeding into such a filter circuit, the volt- age E applied to the filter is a complex wave which may be expressed analytically by the following formula. 4 E Cos 4uwt eq 1 Where E is equal to the maximum value of voltage and w, the angular velocity, is equal to 2xf. The current through the condenser C, (Fig. 1) will then be a complex wave, and for a double rectifier may be repre- sented by the following formula. + 341 Sin( 2wt+ 24) + 091 Sin( 3wt+77)+ o6] Sin ( ) Sin ( ) 034 Sin Sw ++ eg 2 Where I is equal to the maximum value of current. The effective value of current may be determined if it is desired. How- ever, we are interested only in the current through C, during the discharge period, since the function of C; is to store energy during that period the rectifier is passing current and to give up its store of energy during that period the current from the rectifier is zero, the assumption being that the filter will keep the current constant during that period the rectifier is passing current. From the well known equation for the discharge of a condenser through a load, the size of capacitance to be used to maintain constant. or nearly so, current may be obtained. Given the equation for the discharge current of a condenser equal to Where R is the resistance of load, E, the applied voltage, and C the capacitance of *Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho. the condenser. For i to remain sensibly constant -t e Re must at all times be nearly equal to 1, or -t RC must approach zero, since t is the time during which the condenser is discharging (for a double rectifier is approximately % cycle) the product RC must be large. Therefore, for a given load resistance RC Ly | La s from l > = oad s Rectifier C, Ce 3 3 FIG. 1 has a certain minimum value, for constant current. In general, the greater the num- ber of sections to the filter circuit the less f 7 6} } L = I | | CURRENT CHANGE CURVE FOR | 4 1 Constant discharge time } { 004 sec. and different values of capacitance g ' : | N = = 3 > 8} ~ & = > DI ca » 9} } , } } + jo 2 4 6 8 0 CApacITANCE (Nyt FIG. 2 may be the capacitance of ce: and still ob- tain a pure direct current output. A little consideration will show that the discharge current is fixed by the load and not by the size of condenser, therefore, the condenser current does not increase

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rease in capacitance. Consider With a fixed applied voltage mum voltage applied to the con- i fixed load resistance R, vary- affects the time constant of the T T Sa | C URRENT TIME CURVE | | [ beenuen OF AConoense A yur = auf B= 2ua/ en 4uf 3 4 s AN S OF SECONDS FIG. 3 i has no effect upon the dis- nt i except to maintain the iring discharge more nearly con- st gure shows the effect of in- ‘2 value of C, holding the volt- esistance, and discharge time n 0 to 4 thousandths of a second Examination of Figure 2 shows ng capacitance above 4 pfd. will current variations only slightly. shows the relation between the uation and the capacitance C.. xamination of Figure 3 it can be there is little to be gained by of capacitance above 4 to F. ws an oscillograph of the line (b) the condenser current, load current. The condenser is ¢ during the time d, e, and is dis- ugh the filter during the time OST AUGUST, 1928 ef. It should be noted that the discharge current is sensibly constant during the dis- charge period. In the oscillogram for Figure 4 the load current has been re- versed which gives the appearance of the load current fluctuating opposite to the condenser discharge current. The capacitance C: in conjunction with inductance L, acts as a filter. The capaci- tance C, offers a low impedance to the al- ternating current while the inductance of- fers a high impedance to the alternating component. The capacitance does not act as a reservoir of electrical energy since it is assumed that at no time does the cur- rent and voltage at its terminals drop to zero, hence its sole function is to form in conjunction with inductance L; an attenu- ating network. The capacitance of C: and the induc- tance of L: must be so proportioned that the product of W’L.C; is always greater than 4. Unless this condition is fulfilled no at- tenuation will take place. Figure 5 is an oscillograph showing the applied 60-cycle line voltage (a), the con- denser current through condenser C2, and the load current (c). If on applying a filter to connect a rec- tifier to a load and the voltage fluctuation a@ $ € [aenps__| FIG. 5 of the output is too large, additional filter sections may be added. It should be kept in mind that the attenuation factors vary in geometrical progression with the num- ber of sections. In many cases it is cheaper to add sections, than to add to the value of capacitances and inductances. It is sometimes desirable to determine the percent voltage attenuation for each section of a multi-section filter, or it is de- sirable to determine the number of sections of a filter to affect a predetermined at- tenuation. In such cases use may be made of the exponential variation of attenuation. Namely: Where i is the alternating current at the terminal section of the filter, m is equal to the number of filter sections. X is equa! to the attenuation factor which is equal to x= cosh’ (“ES -1) eq 5 for ind sist

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large » dis- for re- Pe the the with paci- ® al- > of- iting ; act ce it cur- p to n in enu- duc- ; the han at- the -on- and rec- ‘ion le- ns it- de 1e to al tO AUGUST, 1928 for a filter in which the resistance of the inductances is neglected and where the re- sistance of the inductances is considered xo snk VERE [ETE eT “(0-2 (+ ate) 4 It should be noted that the attenuation need be calculated for the fundamental fre- quency and not for the multiple fre- quencies, since the attenuation constant is proportioned to the square of the frequency. For 60-cycle double rectification, the funda- mental frequency is equal to 120. Figure 6 shows the relation between the number of filter sections and the ratio of final to initial current at the terminal sec- tion of the filter. Curve A is a graph showing the variation in the terminal sec- tion for different numbers of filter sec- tions. The resistance has been neglected for curve A, while curve B is based on for- mula 6. In general the simpler formula (5) may be used for all calculations. Knowing the allowable voltage fluctuations at the load terminals, the number of filter sections may be determined. It should be kept in mind that the attenuation is inde- pendent of the load current if the induc- tance of the choke coils remains constant. However, the inductance of the choke coils does not usually remain constant but de- creases with an increase in load current. The voltage fluctuation may be found by means of Ohm’s Law, namely: where Ae is the voltage fluctuation, i is the current flowing in the terminal section of the filter and z is the impedance of the terminal section which is connected to the load. Or in the usual case, the impedance of the terminal condenser in which case the impedance is equal to where w has the same meaning as before and ¢ is equal to capacitance in farads. The condenser C; has two functions to perform. In conjunction with L- it has to absorb the remaining ripple in the voltage wave and also to act as a source of varia- ble current at a variable frequency to the load. Since a filter has essentially a two- way action (that is, reversing the direc- tions of propagation of the wave does not alter the attenuation of the wave) the load current at variable current and frequency must originate at the terminals of the filter section. Hence the capacitance is fixed by several considerations among which the more im- OST 45 portant are: (a) Have a low impedance to the load current; (b) to have sufficient capacitance to deliver the variable power to the load, (c) and to absorb the remain- ing ripple from the preceding sections. If a radio receiving set is the load, the power demand is then fixed by the audio fre- quency end of the set, since the a.c. power demand is small on the radio frequency end. The capacitance of (Cs) must be suf- ficient so that the lower notes do not meet too high in impedance. If the impedance of the condenser is too high and the audio ZA >| ATTENUATION OF CURRENT \ Sor various filter sections a + L°30 nenries A*Calculeted from formula & - o-Celeviated from formula 5 ’ L 6 a C-4MF \ AR TRIN penrie Cd > A IO A - MF J echrons OF # io fia 6 transformers are of high quality, motor boating may occur. This is explained by the fact that the amplifier, being able to pass and amplify the lower notes, the im- pedance of the condenser then acts as a coupling impedance which couples the out- put of one stage to the input of the other stage. This explains why motor boating may occur with the substitution of a high grade transformer for a low grade trans- former. The remedy is obviously to in- crease the capacitance of Cs. In general, if condition (a) is met, (b) will also be satisfied at the same time. The size of condenser C; to satisfy condition (c) is very easily met, and in most cases will be too small to satisfy conditions (a) and (b). Figure 7 is an oscillogram which illus- trates the function of the condenser Cs when it is acting as a source of electric (Continued on Page 47)

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OST AUGUST, 1928 Additional Notes on Iron Core Reactances By D. E. Replogle* A ne HOUGH the derivation of the charts for filter reactors, simul- uusly carrying direct and alter- urrent, which appeared in the of QST, may have seemed lve d, 15. 16. 17 16.19. 20. to some readers, the actual 30. 2 case: In the design of a 165-milliampere Raytheon operated power unit for supply filament and plate current for type filament series connected, tubes, it 999 ~~ was found that a 30-henry choke was required. The first point to be considered in the 35. 12 25. 1 534 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 8085 9095100 Se FY | ee as {iit » Lhe | a a a ° | Vs > 344 } a. - 2. 2 ia T | Bs 7, T = = T T | 8.5 8 + ee — a 2 -—t— . + + 8 - 4 “use s+ | ntti | 15 rT Vis: | Beare TOOT et PTT rk a0. «mee ots SSeeeey £ - DESIGN CHART: Sas . | | 'S FOR IRON-CORE CHOKES CARRYING _ | | | | t+t— V y a —— BOTH D.C. AND A.C. +—t +45:5 2 | j ° } | | al ne 4 Arm ensormer fb Steel -——- tti}se gy 2-Armco Transformer — | | | 14 a . hiv 3- » ” ecial ge 4- » Intermediate? ranstormer | T 1 VATA TI — 5- Westinghouse MA” ny, a_i (Ae |_| All 29 US Gage except MA" f, | | which is 0.0172” 4 | | : > | -2 mn Ved aon a7), “er 27 | 7, 7 | s; 41; 7 | | | Lpog | || \ ||| | “46 sok ye Lt ¢ *) SZ a siiees °7 74 |_| _| L= Inductance in henries | Zz: AAS) || dT = QC. in omps. ae 27 vA || || V= Volume of core in in? x a | N= Number of turns Lk» | £ = Length of magnetic path,inches @ 7 oe | a= Air gap, inches. a fe - aa ov, of o * tT \ } 4 Od = : IN 11 $ F | _| | eppers-fuyns/in oY “As INH | bs 12. 13. 14, 15. 16. 17. 18.19. 20. 2s. 1 =, 7 oe. 40. 45. 50. 55. 60. 65. 70. 75. 80. 85,90.95.100. THE CURVES ARE REALLY CONTINUOUS BUT HAVE BEEN CLIPPED IN HALF TO MAKE THE CHART MORE CONVENIENT IN SIZE Use the curves on the left side for values between curves for values between 1.0 and 10. f designing a filter choke from the charts is exceedingly simple. let us review an actual example, 2 R ai Raytheon adio owance per ampere was made Amateur’s Cireuit Laboratories, Handbook has of somewhat less than Editor. Cam- such a 1000 in arriving at design of the choke -l and 1.0 and was, the right hand naturally, the size of the wire necessary to carry 165 mil- liamperes without was ascertained from No. The size of the window 28.’ undue heating. a wire table to be space This in the core which was to be used must be found so that the maximum number of turns (Continued on Page 78) ~~ Aor oO. w ame hat at Oe Gh fet

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mpere upply was uired, n the the nil- be the ind rns AUGUST, 1928 Rocky Mountain Division Convention August 24-25, Pueblo, Colorado The place of assembly for the third an- nual Rocky Mountain Division Convention is Memorial Hall Council Chambers, locat- ed at Main and Grand Sts., Pueblo, Col- orado. While our Division is one of the smaller ones our record of attendance is pretty close to 100%. So, we extend to you “hams” in this division and other sec- tions a most cordial invitation to attend our affair, and help keep up our traditions. A.R.R.L. Headquarters is sending the new Assistant to the Communications Manager, Louis R. Huber, 9DOA, as official repre- sentative and as he is an old brass pounder you will all feel at home with him. Fel- lows, let’s hear from you. Glen R. Glass- cock, 2409 Pine St., Pueblo, Colorado. Central Division Convention August 17-18-19, Columbus, Ohio. The Central Ohio Amateur Association are sponsoring this year’s Ohio Section con- vention and the committee in charge is en- deavoring to surpass all previous conven- tions. Some of the old timers will remem- ber what Columbus staged five years ago. We are going to do our best to make you remember this one. Mathews of old 9ZN will be with us; R. S. Kruse, formerly of A.R.R.L. Head- quarters has promised to be present; Handy and Hebert of A.R.R.L. have been delegated to attend. We are also expecting some one from NKF. Plenty of good entertainment is being planned for the delegates. A very cordial invitation is extended to all radio amateurs to attend our conven- tion. All activities will take place at the Neil House. F. R. Gibb, Sec. & Treas., 150 Glencoe Road, Columbus, Ohio, will appreci- ate your advices that you will be present. ae Strays In connection with Don Wallace’s article on page 38 of July QST, entitled “Becom- ing an Operator in 15 Minutes”, attention is directed to the fact that the Radio Act of 1927 requires that every operator of a transmitting station must hold an opera- tor’s license issued by the Department of Commerce. As minimum requirements the applicant must demonstrate the ability to receive and transmit the code at ten words per minute. While believing it to be FB if the OW can operate the OM’s station OST 47 when the latter is away from home, she must have a license and can’t be permitted to operate until she can secure the license, The law must be borne in mind, and mem- bers are cautioned against permitting the operation of their stations by any un- licensed person, even under the supervision of a licensed operator. QST understands that Mrs. Wallace possesses an amateur operator’s license. 2Oe Filter Circuits (Continued from Page 45) energy to operate the loud speaker of a radio receiving set. Curve (a) is a 60- cycle timing wave, curve (b) is the current through the loud speaker of an oscillating | i one i ANA AAA SANA AAA AY FIG. 7. receiving set, and curve c is the condenser current. An examination of the curves show that (b) and (c) have the same shape which means that the loud speaker is ob- taining alternating current from the con- denser only. In conclusion, the input condenser acts as a storage of current from the rectifier to maintain current through the filter dur- ing the blocking period of the rectifier. The total attenuation of the second con- denser (in conjunction with the inductance to act as an attenuating network) is a function of the number of filter sections. The terminating capacitance acts as a res- ervoir and as such must have a capacitance sufficient to meet the power demands of the load. FOLLOWING THE DOTS AND DASHES

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Handy, Communications Manager 1711 Park St., Hartford, Conn. Operating Procedure That Gets Results By Howard C. Storck* . NCY is the key to satisfaction and success } amateur radio station. The most efficient . nt is worth nothing unless we have an eff rator who uses approved procedure. With t ating procedure as well as a good sta- are assured. This article is a summing has been observed to make for popularity a se in a number of good stations. It goes with saying that the well known rules of operating pro which govern the Official Relay Stations are t fol ow. + eed for the traffic man is a bunch of good s 3 and that means also, having a good There is a huge kick to be gotten out of ron ‘hedule work. If you don’t believe it, try e ONE weave in each band so when you ret vthers will know where to look for you, Always work on that wave,

and ps a lot. QSY for QRM, and then try and star a hoee waves for QsyYy only. If you have ack I courteous——When you have them, keer don’t disappoint the other fellow, and x to overlook it. Always try to have traffic r your message file for three months at - mt forget to report to your SCM if you ret your ORS Certificate, whether you ha t report or not. ] schedules, or have traffic to mo r hedules don’t handle use the direc- tiona f you CQ for traffic, specify it in some way mateur tries to keep a good station on th nes, always tries to conduct him- ation so as to reflect credit upon him- League, applies the Golden Rule at all

mina ses discretion in BCL troubles, tries on thumps and interference, and NEVER testa when there is a chance of causing serious QRM. Use ren n but don’t abuse it. It makes most amateur gore to have another station breaking them me for foolishness. Have a good wavemeter,

* calibrated Keep it so by checking its -alibra ften Keep a good log. The log will give » key to any station whether good, bad, or indiffere These points of course apply to all -lanses ations as well as to the traffic stations N et'se look at the man who is on for a good me ewing. making friendly QSOs ete. Plain CQ mean “ready for anything’. CQ TEST (or TEST when no assistance in tes- on Communications Manager Ohio, 694 Columbus, Ohio.

ting is needed) should mean just that, and should not be answered unless the one answering can help. It should not be abused, but used where there is actual need of’help by a station far away, for check ete. Don’t CQ until the other fellow gives up in disgust and passes on. Nine-tenths of the CQ hounds never know how many have passed them up during a long CQ. Don’t call and sign five or six times at beginning and end of every transmission when con- tact has been made. Never send R or OK unless you mean it, and never QSZ unless asked to. QRS gladly and don’t get sore, and don’t cover up with “QRM or QRN” when you mean QRS. It is no discredit to ask for QRS, as some seem to think. On the other hand, if you can stand more speed, for heaven's sake say “QRQ”’. On reporting signals, cut out the superfluous dope. “Ur RAC R6 etdi in Columbus, Ohio” tells the tale unless more is neces- sary for complete report, then say what you want to in the fewest possible words. Don’t answer a directional CQ unless you want his traffic. Nothing makes a man with traffic more peeved than to CQ East and get an answer from a ham west of him who just wants a report on his signals or to chew the rag. Don’t use a flock of dots to denote a mistake. Send ..--.. and repeat the entire word, and don’t, please DON’T take another's time sending +++. OF -...-+ while thinking of more to say. Give the other fellow a chance. Use K, AR and SK properly, and when you say SK, mean it, and don’t go back another time. Someone else may have been waiting for that SK and be calling you. lways thoroughly cover the dial after an SK. You will be surprised at the number of stations that will call you after an SK, especially when you are handling traffic. And lastly, don’t make too much fuss saying GN. On signing off—“Gld qso 73” is all that’s necessary. Here’s a word for the DX hound (for we are all that at heart). Most of the foregoing is important but some special points must be kept in mind when working in the 40-meter territory (or on 20-meters) instead of with the traffic men on 80-meters. When CQing DX it is very helpful to specify about where you are going to listen by ending your call with “QRX 38 mx” or “QRX 45 mx” etc. This is no more than common courtesy. Also don’t CQ or call too long. Sign your call letters often. Be sure you are within the limits of the band you are using. On no account trespass on other territory. Remember that the good must suffer with the bad. A very few outlaw stations can “queer the deal” for the rest. Be brutally frank if necessary in giving reports on signals. The other man will appreciate it if he is the right sort. If he isn’t it’s good for him to know the truth. Always QSLL promptly if you don’t QSL first. Many of these points can be applied to other activities on the air. A useful suggestion to foreign stations is that they differeniate between DX and the United States. This would help immensely. It is exasperating to listen to someone calling CQ DX, to call him, and to hear him go back at some other foreign station. Furthermore it would help immensely if foreign amateurs would refuse to work any nu station (with the exception of X stations) outside the U, S. amateur bands. oe TRAFFIC BRIEF na7AD, ’way up in Big Port Walter, Alaska, says that one of his long-wave inductances gerves as a nest for his pet hen. He reports two eggs in one day. Gee! Amateur radio surely is stimulating! Q@ 8 T FOR AUGUST 1928

awe ow @ w i a ma!

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ould 5 at -on- less YRS all int en 2) en re re to ea Another Bawling Out By Rufus P. Turner, 1AY \ HE writer is ready and willing to guarantee T that no less than two-thirds of the readers would retaliate with heated pens should he state that close to sixty percent of the active amateurs are running amateur radio onto the rocks through sheer carelessness. Still he wishes to go on record as having made such a statement; and should he re- ceive an abundance of those overwarmed epistles, he will conclude that we, as humans, are still prone to strike at the fellow who lays the cold facts before ns, and gently pat the hypocrite who encourages us in our shiftless practices. There is refuge in the realization that we are always forced by honor to seek the friend (for friend he is) who has brought the bare facts before our eyes, and confess that he was right after all. To prevent having to come to the writer later, then, study con- ditions before writing your letter. Unearth a few statistics, if you have them; if you have none, compile some by investigation and tabulation. If, instead of issuing station licenses on applica- tion, the radio supervisors were able to visit each applicant and test installations for harmonics, poor keying, wobbulation, etc, and issued a license only when the station measured up to requirements, we would have better stations, better operators and better amateur radio. Some poor soul who reads the foregoing will con- clude that the writer is favoring a movement to keep new fellows off the air. But such is not the ease. No station deserves the right of the air if it cannot measure up to the requirements. Still further, no station is deserving of the right to stay on the air if it falls below the standard—no matter to what this drop in efficiency may be due. There was a time, back in the so-called good old days, when a man might wire his home to his own satisfaction, and at the same time endanger his own life and the lives of others. Today he may wire his home if he be properly qualified, but that wiring must pass the city test. A man could drive a motor vehicle unmolested by the officers of the law, if we did not know the vehicle to be a menace in the hands of one unqualified to operate it. What a chaotic condition would result if everyone built an automobile and drove it around through the city as he desired. The traffic situation of those imaginary streets, the wave bands, is getting more and more deplorable. Amateur radio must be improved. We would have fewer complaints and better conditions if we gave regular attention to holding our stations on a certain hich level. Even worse than the fellow who “slips on the air” with a poor station is the one who has been on the air for some time and whose station has run down to a mere nothing. The writer called on no small number of active amateurs just to get some dope for an article like this. It was not unusual for him to find many cases of bad keying, harmonic manufacture on a wholesale basis, and etc., but it was rather startling that so many of the owners of the carelessly-built, carelessly-operated stations should express the Oh-I-should-worry-I-get-out-just-the-same spirit We should care if our stations are falling below the standard. It is true that we are not visited by the supervisors often, but we should realize that we aren't doing amateur radio any good, if we don’t care. The Authorities are watching. Other countries are listening in and determining the value of amateur radio by just what they hear when they sweep the wave bands. After concluding this article, tune your receiver to one of the popular bands, and count the number of carelessly-built, carelessly-op>rated sta- tions. Compare that to the number of the better stations you would enjoy listening to all night. Then re-read the writer’s statement, “Close to sixty percent of the active amateurs are running amateur radio onto the rocks through sheer carelessness.” Quoting Friend Warner (in one of his recent editorials): “We are again waving the old Rettysnitch . . . « « nd now call upon every amateur to take stock of his station and clean house.” Now this article should not be concluded without some reminder that the amateur is left, to a great extent, on his honor when operating his station. At this time there are no police of the ether who scout our bands in search of law-breakers, particularly those who delight in working off-wave. And why should we have radio police? Has amateur radio Q8 T FOR AUGUST 1928 suffered such deterioration that off-wave operating has become a commonly accepted practice? Have we relegated the ethics of operating to the trash heap altogether ? The amateur who is giving his best to the art— the kind of fellow who is keeping amateur radio from going on the rocks—is the one who holds in high esteem the Radio Laws of the Country, and the regu- lations of the AR.R.L. He has equal regard for certain unwritten laws of operating, and is ethical enough to observe and abide by them. One fellow must not be expected to do all the work of making the amateur game attractive to new- comers. Each must do his bit. Raising the standards of amateur radio is a task requiring one-hundred per- cent support. Let every station owner inspect his apparatus and correct all faults; sharpening that wave, suppressing those harmonics, eliminating that key click adjusting the set within the proper bands, and so on. Let’s go fellows! For the sake of amateur radio, let's get together and dust out our shacks. Let’s appoint ourselves committees of one to look into the betterment of the art. 2Oe A JOB WELL DONE “Twentieth Century Limited” service in amateur radio has been inaugurated between New York City and Chicago. A small group of picked stations, or- ganized by 3ZF, Route Manager of Eastern Penn- sylvania, conducts nightly one of the finest relay trains on the continent. Headquarters messages have ridden on it upon several occasions—we know that the service is par excellence. 3ZF tells the story: “Every evening except Sunday the express line functions. Its purpose is to speed up deliveries, promote good operating, and provide another means for the enjoyment of our hobby. No commercial interests are in any manner connected with this net. It is purely A.R.R.L. throughout. The schedules work like this: 11:00 p.m. EST 2BME sends to 3ZF (2BME via LL to NYC) 11:15 p.m. EST 3ZF sends to 8EU 11:30 p. m. EST 8EU sends to 9AIN 11:45 p. m. EST 9AIN sends to 9PU (9PU via LL to Chgo) These schedules are for traffic going WEST from New York City. Immediately after completing this chain we all QRX in reverse order for traffic com- ing EAST from Chicago. This usually takes an- other hour. In this manner we can handle traffic swiftly and accurately by means of short RELIABLE jumps almost regardless of QRN, etc. Several hun- dred messages have been handled; and traffic is in- creasing practically every evening.” While there is seldom a break in the chain, the contiguity of the system is insured by relief stations that carry on when necessity calls: 2CP relieves 2BME 8QP relieves 3ZF SAVK relieves SEU 9AYO relieves 9AIN 9APY relieves 9PU They are prepared to step into the place of the regular stations, using the same frequency. Once or twice the reliefs have been tried: they handled things as though there had been no change. Side-lines to the express line are being estab- lished as fast as reliable stations can be linked together. Already one such system has been formed, and works beautifully. 9:30 p. m. EST 3SN sends to 3ADE 9:40 p. m. EST 3ADE sends to 3LC 9:50 p. m. EST 3LC sends to 3CFG 10:00 p. m. EST 8CFG sends to 3ZI 10:10 p. m. EST 8ZI sends to 3ZF It is a real satisfaction to be a part of a system such as the “Twentieth Century Limited.” To know that, night after night, and week after week, the fellows you work will be right there when you call; to know that you will pass messages swiftly and surely (no monkey business—just common sense operating): all this gives you a feeling something akin to the feeling you get from finding a good meal awaiting you every noon. There is no lost time; everybody is on the job—and consequently the work never becomes tiring, as it would if you had to spend four hours moving the same amount of traf- fic. Brasspounding of this sort is an art in itself. 49

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IMK time has cut down on the list of schedule- vr this month. But we won’t say that QRN M are to blame, for traffic is handled regularly regardless of poorer conditions. The fo!l- is up to date. (Eastern Standard Time) i (8 Mon. and Fri., 7:30 p.m. (to be replaced about August first). . Mon. and Fri., 7:00 p.m. Mon. and Fri, 9:00 p.m. Tues. and Fri., 7:45 p.m. BR (40) Sun., 9:45 p.m. ¥ 80) Sun., 11:45 p.m.; Mon. and Thurs., Tues., 7:30 p.m.; Fri., 9:30 p.m. Mon. and Fri., 9:30 p.m. Mon, and Thurs., 7:45 p.m. Mon. and Thurs., 9:45 p.m. Sun., 7:30 p.m. Thurs., 11:00 p.m. 40) Tues., 12:30 a.m. Fri., 12:30 a.m. Wed., 12:30 a.m. Mon., 11:45 p.m. Wed., 1:30 a.m. 80) Sun., 11:15 p.m. Tues. and Thurs., 9:30 p.m. ® Sun., 11:00 p.m.; Thurs., 9:00 p.m. AL, (80) Tues. and Fri., 7:15 p.m. (VE9AL on Sun. and Thurs., 11:30 p.m. M (40) Mon. and Fri., 11:15 p.m. 80) Tues., 9:00 p.m. latest Official and Special Broadcasts are IMK at the following times (E.S.T.): Tuesday, and Thursday at 8:00 p.m. and M ay and Friday at 8:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. ; DS OF GENERAL OPERATION have been order that everybody may have a chance HQ. Usually these general periods follow one BC schedules. Here they are, listed under and EIGHTY meters: TY METERS: 9:00 p.m. on Sun., Mon., Tues., Thurs., ar This general period follows the OBC, v sent at 8:00 p.m. 11:00 p.m, on Tues, and Thurs. 1:00 a.m., or later, on Sun. night (Mon. TY METERS: 11:00 p.m. on Sun., Mon., and Fri. This x . period follows the 10:00 p.m. OBC. p.m.—1:00 a.m., or later, on the following *s and a.m. of day following: Mon., Tues., Thurs., F This general period follows an OBC only ghts of Tues. and Thurs. QRH, as you surely know by this time, is meters and 83.86 meters. Familiar signs are f Bob Parmenter, “OU” of Louis Huber, “FH” Handy, and “AH” of A. A. Hebert. 160-METER CODE PRACTICE unteers have sent us their schedules of , which will go into effect as soon as the beginners have been notified. The mimeographed aes lesigned to enable the beginners to get on wavelength should be completed by the e QST arrives. It will be sent to each be- ginner who has asked for it. Any new comers who ~ take advantage of these transmission are in- t write us Please address “160 Meter Code Pra Communications Dep’t., A.R.R.L., 1711 Pa Hartford, Conn. a TRAFFIC BRIEFS ayan 1BU made the following comment in his report on the International Relay Contest: Quite all signals on 20 meters are remarkably steady and ea BE to RS. FB. are much more easy an on 40 mets., and only have littl QRM pr < by Ford cars. Fortunately Mr. Ford has now t the new Ford car, and for our pleasure he hae forgotten the four transmitting coils.” The winners in a lot drawing contest held dur- ng reeent A.R.R.L. Convention at the Penn- yivania Hotel, New York City, were given a free ligt the Stinson Detroiter radio laboratory »wned by the Pilot Radio Laboratorie, Inc. of Brooklyn, N. Y. The winners, W. H. MoOleary ef State Island, Gerald Gerlach of Astoria, and J.

B. Knight of Brooklyn, were flown from Curtiss Field, Long Island, to Hartford, Connecticut. The flight was made in exactly fifty minutes, averaging about one hundred miles an hour. The visiting amateurs were entertained by a tour of Hartford and an inspection of League headquar- ters. Before the return flight, A. A. Hebert, Treas- urer and Field Man of the A.R.R.L., made an air inspection of Hartford in the Pilot plane. Zeh Bouck, radio columnist of the New York Sun, was in charge of the plane's radio apparatus during the trip. Weather reports to the plane, en route, were transmitted by 1MK. The Coast Guard Cutter Marion is the boat that has been selected for the Greenland Oceanographic Expedition, which left Washington about mid-July. The call is NITB. The following periods will be devoted to amateur contact: On 24 meters; 8 to 8:30 am., noon to 12:30 p.m., and 4 to 4:30 p.m. E. S. T. On 36 meters; 8 p.m. to midnight E. S. T. Any traffic handled with NITB may be forwarded by wire collect to Coast Guard Headquarters, Wash- ington, D. C. The United States Department of Agriculture is organizing, with the help of 9APY and 9ASE, a monthly test net which functions among several cities in the eastern half of the country. Wash- ington, Atlanta, Chicago, Kansas City, New York City, Pittsburg, and Detroit are connected by the co-operation of picked stations in each locality. The purpose of the net is to provide communication when the telegraph lines fall down on the job during storms, etc. nc5bAW, Whitehorse, Yukon, worked RAO?’ at mid- night P.S.T. the other night. RAOS$ is the Radio Laboratory, University of Viadivostock, Siberia. RAO’ works on 20 meters every Sunday between 7000 and 8000 Greenwich.

Brass Pounders’ League Call Orig. Del. Rel. Total opl1HR 211 129 374 714 oh46BOE 127 79 494 700 8sCDB 537 28 84 649 6ALX 42 54 234 330 IMK 124 92 104 320 6AMM 107 178 20 305 4CK 101 52 114 267 na7JR 109 54 92 255 3CH 27 127 90 244 6IP 46 61 134 241 oh6CFQ 109 54 20 183 5JY 47 73 41 161 6ZX —_—- 100 16 110 7HP 16 51 28 95 Stations representing every U.S. district except the second and ninth and including also the outstanding stations in Alaska, in the Hawaiian and Philippine Islands are listed in our B.P.L. this month in spite of the ad- vent of hot weather and the attractions of the great out-of-doors. opl1HR and oh6BOE head the list for out- standing meritorious performance. All these stations appearing in the Brass Pounders’ League are noted for their consistent schedule- keeping and reliable message-handling ama- teur radio work. fpecial credit should be given the following stations responsible for over one hundred DELIVERIES in the mes- sage month: nu6AMM, oplHR, nu8CKL, nu6ZX. Deliveries count! A total of 200 or more bona fide messages handled and counted in accordance with A.R.R.L. practice or just 50 or more deliveries will put yow in Mne for a place in the B.P.L. Why not make more schedules with the relia- ble stations you hear and take steps to handle the traffic that will qualify you for B.P.L. membership also.

Q 8 T FOR AUGUST 1928

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Curtiss - e raging a tour .dquar- Treas- an air York aratus ne, en t that ‘raphic i-July. rill be . 8B to ) p.m varded Wash- ure is SE, a everal W ash- York y the The when luring ; mid- Radio RAO 0 and ee re ee ee aoR Ga MORE TEN-METER TESTS The second series of ten-meter tests will be held AUGUST 11-12, AUGUST 18-19, and AUGUST 25- 26. We hope that every amateur who can possibly do so will get down on this new short-wave band (9.99 to 10.71 meters) and spend as much time as possible on ten-meters all day long on the dates named. Amateurs everywhere are invited to take part and report results, be they negative or otherwise. All that is necessary to take part is to get on the air, transmitting or receiving or both. Information in this and past issues will enable you to get on ten meters without much difficulty if you are a new convert to the band of ten-meter experimenters whose results we have reported regularly in past issues. A number of excellent contacts have been made on ten meters between points a thousand miles apart which indicate that this wavelength can be used for moderate distance work as well as for the trans- continental DX. The ten-meter reports received in the past month will appear (with a report of the August tests if possible) in our next issue. Please report results to A.R.R.L. Headquarters by August 27 at the latest—just as soon as the last day of tests is over. It will be appreciated if a brief de- scription of your equipment is included with logs and reports. Also we hope that a number will give their results using different types of antennas capable of radiating energy at different angles with the vertical also provided with reflectors for directional radia- tion along definite lines from the transmitting station. An antenna with reflector wires mounted in a frame so that the whole business can be rotated would be ideal for this. Whatever you use, August ten-meter tests and let us did Let’s go! OM, be sure to get in on the know what you TRAFFIC BRIEFS When the Marathon Swim was pulled off around Alameda Island, on the west coast, Sam Houston, 6BDO, donated the use of two short wave trans- mitters, one being located on Neptune Beach (San Francisco) and the other aboard a speedboat which followed the leading swimmers. The shore station was given the portable call 6AFZ; and the speed- boat station was given the call 6SR. 6BDO and 6IP manned the shore station, while 6DTM, 6DCZ, and 6BDU went to sea. All went well except that 6DCZ got sea-sick and “spent half of the race look- ing longingly at the distant shore line . .. . He has since decided not to try for a commercial license as a seagoing brasspounder.” The efforts of all the boys were rewarded with complete success. The crowd on shore enjoyed the “hot” news from the speedboat, while another en- tirely separate attempt on the part of a newspaper to report the race was a complete failure. The newspaper outfit had hired a professional announcer, some extra entertainers, and had gotten a special limited commercial license. The barge on whieh their station rested got stuck in the mud; and they spent the afternoon yelling into the mike in vain. Code was used entirely from the speedboat. 6DTM and 6BDU won congratulations on their steady fists in the presence of a bucking boat and flying spray. Twenty meters seems to be the solution of sum- mer difficulties for the brasspounder. Don C. Good, of 6AJM, keeps a wonderful schedule with oplAD. In addition to his regular traffic work, he reports working eg, ef, eb, es, eo, am, aj, op, np, nq, ny, oa, oz, fo, sc, sa, oo, ne, and nu, ELECTION NOTICE To all A.R.R.L. Members residing in the Sections listed below: (The list gives the Sections, closing date for receipt of nominating petitions for Section Manager, the name of the present incumbent and the date of expiration of his term of office.) This notice supersedes previous notices. In a number of cases (*) when no valid nominating petitions have been received from A.R.R.L. Members residing in the Closing date for petitions specified of the present year Section on or before noon of the dates Western N. Y. + * July 28 Indiana ¢ * July 28 Kentucky * Aug. 28 Ohio + * July 28 North Dakota * July 28 Northern Minnesota Aug. 28 Louisiana Aug. 28 Mississippi + * July 28 Tenneasee Aug. 28 Kansas * July 28 Maine ¢ * July 28 Rhode Island * Aug. 2 Vermont + * July 28 Idaho Aug. 28 Nevada July 28 Iowa July 28 Arkansas July 28 No. Carolina Aug. 28 West Virginia * Aug. 28 Colorado Aug. 28 Alabama + * July 28 Ga.-S. C.-Cuba-P. R.-Isle of Pines * Aug. 28 Oklahoma ¢ * July 28 Southern Texas ¢ * July 28 Utah-Wyoming * July 28 Philippine * July 28 different Sections in response to our previous notices, the closing dates for receipt of nominating petitions are set ahead to the dates given herewith. In the absence of nominating petitions from Members of a Section, the present incumbent continues to hold his officia) position and carry on the work of the Section (t) sublect, of covrse, to the filing of proper nomina- ting petitions and the holding of an election by ballot or as may be necessary. Resignations are indicated by (**). Present term of Present office SCM ends C. S. Taylor, 8PJ July 1 D. J. Angus, SCYQ July 1 D. A. Downard, 9ARU Aug. 2 H. C. Storck, 8BYN July 1 H. L. Sheets, 9DM, Acting —_—_—_ Cc. L, Barker, 9EGU Oct. 2 C. A. Freitag, 5UK Oct. 2 J. W. Gullett, 5AKP July 1 L. K. Rush, 5KM Oct. 2 F. S. McKeever, 9DNG ** July 1 Frederick Best, 1BIG July 1 D. B, Fancher, 1BVB ** Aug. 2 Cc. T. Kerr, 1AJG July 1 Henry Fletcher, 7ST Oct. 2 C. B. Newcombe Sept. 15 H. W. Kerr, 9DZW, Acting —_--——- H. E. Velte, 5ABI, Acting -_——- R. S. Morris, 4JR Oct. 2 C. S. Hoffman, 8HD Aug. 2 C. R, Stedman, 9CAA Oct. 2 A. D. Trum, 5AJP July 1 H. L. Reid, 4KU Aug. 2 K. M. Ehret, 5APG July : E . A. Sahm, 5YK July Parley N. James, 6BAJ, Acting -— Jose E. Jimenez, oplAT, Acting - | | | Newfoundland and Canada Nominating petitions for Section Managers in Newfoundland and Canada should be addressed to Canadian General Manager, A. H. Keith Russell, VE9AL, 5 Mail Building, Toronto, Ont., Canada. To be valid, petitions must be filed with him on or before the closing dates named. Newfoundland ¢ * Aug. 28 New Brunswick * Aug. 28 Nova Scotia * Aug. 28 ft he, Aug. 28 Ontario Aug. 28 Quebec July 28 QS T FOR AUGUBT 1928 Loyal Reid, nc8AR July 15 T. B. Lacey, nclElI Aug. 2 W. C, Borrett, nc1DD Aug. 2 F. W. Hyndman, nclBZ Aug. 2 W. Y. Sloan, nc9BJ Oct. 2 Alex Reid, nc 2BE Sept. 15

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are hereby notified that an election for an 4 tion Communications Manager, for the term of office is about to be held in Sections in accordance with the pro- aws 5, 6, 7 d 8. ections will take place in the different diately after the closing date for re- ting petitions as given opposite the The Ballots mailed from Head- t the names of all eligible candidates the position by A.R.R.L. members re- tions concerned. petitions from the Sections named ted Five or more A.R.R.L. mem- any Section have the privilege of member of the League in their Sec- for Section Manager. The fol- for nomination is suggested: (Place and date) Manager, A.R.R.L. Hartford, Conn. lersigned members of the A.R.R.L. re- ees GE Gi ccctcnesces MOGRIMALS. ccccccccesccccccs as can- Communications Manager for this next two-year term of office. gnatures of A.R.R.L. members are and five or more signers must be in good standing or the petition ut as invalid. The complete name, n call of the candidate should be h petitions must be filed at the headquarters office of the League in Hartford, Conn., by noon of the closing date given for receipt of nominating petitions. There is no limit on the number of petitions that may be filed, but no member shall sign more than one such petition. 4. Members are urged to take initiative immedi- ately, filing petitions for the officials of each Section listed above. This is your opportunity to put the man of your choice in office to carry on the work of the organization in your Section. —F. E. Handy, Communications Manager. 2*O@c — ELECTION RESULTS Valid petitions nominating a Section Manager for the New York City and Long Island Section of the Hudson Division were filed naming but one candidate for the office. As provided by our Constitution and By-Laws when but ome candidate is named in one or more valid nominating petitions, that candidate shall be declared elected. Mr. Morton B. Kahn (2KR) is herewith declared elected for the next two year term of office in this Section. In the Northern New Jersey Section of the Hudson Division, Mr. Arthur G. Wester Jr., 2WR, and Mr. Dallas C. Akers, 2BDC, were nominated. Election results: Mr. Akers, 75; Mr. Wester, 82. Mr. Wester has therefore been declared elected. In the South Dakota Section of the Dakota Division, Mr. Rubert Olson, 9DES, and Mr. Dwight M. Pasek, 9DGR, were nominated. Election results: Mr. Olson 10; Mr. Pasek, 11. Mr. Pasek has therefore been declared elected. DIVISIONAL REPORTS ATLANTIC DIVISION W YORK—SCM, C. S. Taylor, 1," \ many operators on vacations now, comes through quite well. 8ADE e 8AHC works OA and OZ and SAIL has a new 852 tube. 8AVS with his antenna coming down. 8ARX ng traffic. S8AWG is now instructing amp. 8BFG went to the Convention re. SBLP states traffic bad on ac- SBRD is now rebuilding his set. \M is doing good work on short waves. i a message from an OH station. WNP and has schedules with 8AXF CNX ust put in a new 852 tube. sO Calif. 5 times. He is now on the and will return in September. 8CTL ¢ an 852 tube and new recto bulbs. Italy and England. 8CYB has sched- SDBI worked NN, NJ and has DTP and 8BAU. 8DDL says ex8BNG ransmitter at Rochester. 8DDL will Canandaigua Lake for the summer. a message for Hawaiian-Australian s he had a fine time at State Col- nehed there for shooting off fire ready for PRR work and traffic. the U.S.S. Reid on a Naval Reserve AN 8TH has a new Recto set in doing work at Boy Scout camp. ne his summer home. 8CDB has a W now. 8CDB is the leader for this : t month. He made the BPL in has but three messages. 8PI ver Summer school this year. 8UL in operation for appendicitis and w Europe shortly. 677, 8ARX 57, 8CPC 45, 8DSP 40, aI ME 37, 8CYB 28, 8AHC 27, 8CNT 26, SI : lL. 15, 8BFG 12, 8QB 12, 8BLP 9, ST 5, SDQP 3, 8ADE 1, 8CNH 1. PENNSYLVANIA—SCM, A. W. Mc There was a little mixup this m ting, some reports coming to me and t Mr. Crossley and as I have to leave June ion, this report may be a little in- e all want to thank Crossley and his gar pounders for the excellent Convention th for the benefit of the Atlantic Division. get that Anderson, 8GI, is still RM and v e ¢ dules for you. His address is 416 Gh wood City, Pa. A special appeal to P tions is made to get into ‘the traffic game says “bring on your skeds and traffic.” with 8CHO but wants more. He schedule 8CFR, on the 20 and 40 meter bands, has been do- ing some real work. He has been keeping a daily schedule with sblIB handling traffic for the Dyott Expedition. 8GI, the RM, is on the air daily on 83 meters. 8CYP is experimenting with airplane radio. He will try out a set on a plane from Rodgers Field soon. 8ARC has been keeping a schedule with nc4GG on 20 meters and clicking off the DX. 8AGO has a portable call, 8PR. 8CEO will be off the air for two weeks on a vacation trip. 8DHU and 8CEO will visit 4JR, with whom a schedule has been held for over four years. 8DOQ says “nil here on account of spring fever and base- ball.” 8BGW has adopted the forty meter band for summer work. 8DOY is a new ham in New Castle. Welcome, OM. 8DWV is a new one in Ellwood City. Wonder if 8GI has been spreading brass- pounding propaganda? 8BNR picked up a _ mes- cage from the crew of the wrecked dirigible Italia. 38CDS is back on the air now and is looking for traffic. Traffic: 8CFR 121, 8GI 46, 8CEO 30, 8CYP 139, 8AGO 8, 8ARC 4, 8BGW 3, 3CDS 1. MARYLAND-DELAWARE-DIST. of COLUMBIA —SOM, H. H. Layton, 3AIS—Quite a number of the gang are to be found on the 80 meter band. Let's have those reports, fellows, so we can put you on the active list. Delaware: 3ALQ will be QRV traffic shortly. 3WJ has a new job with the local power company. Maryland: 8BBW rebuilt his transmitter and hooked nu6UC right off the bat. 8AEI is QRW organising Naval communication reserves. D. of C.: 3GT at Bolling Field continues to be high traffic man of the entire Section. Reports bad QRM from power leak from landing lights. 3BWT is next but had the misfortune of lsing his two masts in a hurricane. 3NR is back from Florida and promises a large traffic total next month. B. Traffic: Delaware: 3ALQ 4, 3WJ 2, 3AJH 1, 3AIS 2. Maryland: 3BBW 3, 3AEI 2. D. of C.: 3GT 35, 3NR 9. SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY—SCM, M. J Lotysh, 8CFG—The following stations are advised that their ORS appointments have been cancelled for failure to meet their ORS obligations fairly: 3VX, 8BTQ, 8CBX, 8BAY, 8ALX, 83BMZ, 3WB, 38SX. 3CFG never worked harder for traffic than this month, and his report still is rather lean. 3ARC is a very consistent station and is a good ORS pros- pect. 3ZI seems to be busy with Army-Amateur work. He worked 1MK on RM night. (LRH) 3IV still is puttering with fone and 20 meters. 3UT reports by his customary nice letter 3BSD kept «@ QS T FOR AUGUST 1928 => | &@ re Go ree wo © anrtehh mh G& te faeeeete eae eae eeewa ae mh a’ ar ee

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pt of umber shall medi- ction t the rk of jer. r for f the idate and 1e or shall t) is term idson Mr. ction Mr. sion, asek, efore ao- laily byott rf on lane ‘rom BIA the t's on wd and RW rts hts. ‘om ext sked with nnlNIC. 8CO resumed activity with nice total. 8ATJ and 38ARN are newcomers. Reports are requested from all active stations in the sec- tion, whether ORS or not. Watch your reports, gang, and if you need more time be sure to mail yours by midnight of the 27th. Later reports can- not be inserted. Let’s start going again this month. 8CFG offers to double any other total in next months report. Let’s have competition. (FB, OMs, go to it.—LRH) Traffic: 3CFG 61, 8ARC 16, 3ZI 15, 3IV 18, 3BSD 9, 83CO 10, 3UT 7, 3ARN 8, 8ATJ 5. EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA—SCM, J. B. Mor- gan, 3QP—The nightly express service for traffic from New York to Chicago and return originated by 8ZF is working smoothly. Traffic seems to be plenti- ful over this channel although the majority of stations complain of lack of traffic, QRN and so forth. Notice the same gang reporting each month —hot weather or no. Where are the rest of you? A lot of appointments will be QSK next month if you don’t show up. Traffic: 8ZF 232, 8WJ 24, 83AFJ 32, 8L£ 118, 8QP 71, 3AKB 124, 83HH 26, 8AVK 51, 8ADQ 38, 8CWO 9, 8SDHT 34, 8ADE 38, 8SAWO 2. CENTRAL DIVISION ICHIGAN—SCM, Dallas Wise, 8DJR who has NV been op at WOOD, Grand Rapids, will be - home for the summer and will have 8BXJ on the air. 8BJQ of Flint has several schedules with other Mich. stations and finds them reliable S8AAF is using a fifty with a current feed Hertz end gets out in great style. 8CU is one of the USDA net stations. SBWR has been quite busy on 8 and handled quite a few with 8CEP on schedule. 8DED has been having QRM from baseball but still man- ages to lead Mich. for the month. 8DFB com- plains of 40 meters being dead at times. 8BRS is rebuilding and getting ready for the fall rush al- ready 8CKZ says not much doing on account of the bad QRN on 80. 9AYR has been silent on ac- count of waiting for a couple of tube rectifiers. 9CSI has just graduated from high school and has a job so will not be able to be on during the daytime except Sundays. S8CNK turns in a nice total and says he is on about five hours a day. 8AUB wants another bigger and better QSO party next fall. 9CE works a schedule with 9CEX every other day. The Mich. 80 meter QSO party went over well and be lieve everyone that was on had a good time. 8DEKX takes the honors for the most QSO’s, having ten. 8DED and 8DKX were tied for the number of dif- ferent stations worked, each having seven. Of the eight test meesages started, seven were delivered that same night which shows the traffic can be handled FB if we just get out and try. 8WO, 8ZZ, 8CFY, 8CKZ, 8ALJ, 8BWR, 8AUB, 8AAF were some of the other fellows who helped make the party a live one Traffic: 8DJR 23, 8BJQ 9, 8AAF 11, 8BWR 665, 8DBD 120, 8DFB 7, 8BRS 6, 8CKZ 4, 9CSI 21, 8CNK 76, SAUB 22, 9CE 12, 8CEP 64. INDIANA—SCM, D. J. Angus, 9CYQ—9AIN again leads Ind. for traffic handled. 9FAP is the short wave station at Fort Benjamin Harrison and now in operation day and night, handling traffic for the CMTC camp. Plenty of ops as hams are there from all over Ohio and Indiana. 9FTT is a new ham at Bloomington. 9BEGE is enthusiastic about the state convention. 9ABW is remodeling.‘ 9JP is the call of the Indianapolis Radio Club portable station. It is crystal controlled on 83.75 meters. 9FTW is the call of the new Richmond radio club station. 9EPH is a new ham at Springport. 9BKJ is putting in a new chemical rectifier. 9DBA has moved to Val- paraiso for the summer. 9BYI is learning the bug. 9BIA is selling out for the 6th time. Don’t think it will stick. 9EVA is putting up a new mast. 9FPF is putting in a 210. Eikhart and South Bend are going to have a hamfest on the 14th of July and expect the north end of the state to be there. 9HF QSO’d the west coast on 10 meters. 9ASX is going after a commercial. Indianapolis hams are very busy on the preparations for the coming convention July 28 and 29. Trafic: 9AIN 1382, 9EGE 85, 9BVA 10, 9FPF 1, 9FGD 6, 9FCG 17, 9EEY 18, 9ASX 19, 9BYI 5, 9BKJ, 7, 9CNC 14, 9CVX 19, 9CLO 10, 9BZZ 56, 9CRV 38, SCYQ 15. Q8 T FOR AUGUST 1928 OHIO—SOM, H. C. STORCK, 8BYN—There is a wholesale slaughter of inactive ORS coming again soon and this is the last call to you sluggish ones. 8O0QU takes the lead for OHIO this time. 8CMB comes next. 8DBM is third. 8GZ knocks down fourth. SAMI will be on in Cleveland with his por- table through the summer. 8DTN hopes to be on with a 50 watter soon. 8CPQ says traffic seems to be on the mend now. 8API deplores the “round the neighborhood” method of boosting traffic totals. 8CXD ie still short his rectifier tubes. 80Q reports as usual S8BBR reports his schedules are short. 8SI has nothing to say for himself. 8BEM reports traffic on the down-grade. 8CCS sent greetings from the C. of C. to the Australia fliers. 8SCSS says not much traffic on 40. 8DDK has been QRW. 8SDSY be- wails the fact that traffic is so scarce. 8DQZ leaves us until Sept. 8DJV works 13 hours per night. 8ADA worked 5JA on his 10 meter harmonic. 8CFL has been rebuilding. S8BAC, 8CNO and the SCM were on only a few days this month, the rest being used as vacation. All went east. 8AZO has been rebuilding. S8BQJ is experimenting with television. 8ARW is on the air again. 8CCO specializes in chewing the rag. Remember the Centra! Division Ohio State Convention, August 17, 18 and 19, OMs. A gang will be here from Hartford. Come and meet them . A big time is planned, best ever. Traffic: 8CQU 95, 8CMB 75, 8DBM 61, 8GZ 46, SAMI 42, 8DTN 36, 8CPQ 35, 8API 25, 8CXD 24, 80Q 19, 8CNO 17, 8BBR 15, 8SI 18, SBYN 12, 8BKM 12, 8CCS 10, 8C0SS 9, 8DDK 6, 8DSY 5, 8DQZ 65, 8DJV 4, 8ADA 4, 8OFL 3, 8BAC 3, 8AZO 3, 8BQJ 2, 8ARW 1, 8CCO 1. WISCONSIN—SCM, C. N. Crapo, 9VD—9DLD leads but he is handicapped because he can’t QSY to any other band. 9SO has 10 meter set working but reports reception inconsistent. 9EMD’s schedules work fine with 9FAW, 9BAW and 9DLD. 9FAW believes in Sunrise schedules. He has one with 9EMD and another with 9FFU. 9FSU is a newcomer in the game. 9DND keeps schedules with 9ASX, 9EVA and 9DNB between watches at the lo- cal power plant. 9BWZ is back on the air for the summer. 9BWO is on a vacation with a portable transmitter and receiver. 9CVI is at Great Lakes for two weeks. 9EWY wants an OBS appointment at Lacrosse. 9DCX gets a few messages through be- tween thunder storms. 9VD has his 852 on the air on 40 and 80. 9EWN reports via amateur radio. S9BPW is using a new xmitter with tube base coils. 9EBT says there isn’t much doing up his way. 9ARE just returned from Dodge Institute with a commer- cial ticket. SBIB has a crystal set going on two bands. 9DBHK is rebuilding. 9DJEK says his shop is working overtime. 9BSS is always on the air. 9EEF is having lote of trouble with power leaks. Traffic: 9DLD 114, 9SO 49, 9EMD 45, 9FAW 20, 9FSU 17, 9DND 16, 9BWO 11, 9CVI 9, 9EWY 6, 9DCX 6, 9BPW 5, 9EBT 5, 9ARE 65, 9BWZ 14, ILLINOIS—SOM, F. J. Hinds, 9APY—Wish to thank the gang at this time for my election to the office of SCM for Illinois. Wil] endeavor to do my best and continue the good work for our retiring SCM, 9AAW. I also wish to announce the new RM who is to be 9DXZ. 9TQ is spending a week or two in New York. 9DLG is touring the west coast. 9GV is using a 250. 9EPG is building a portable trans- mitter for camp use. 9CNY blew the works. 9AAW says of his tubes, “Now they light and now they don’t. Hi.” 9EGX will attend the U. of Ill. this fall. 9BZO is taking a trip. 9EJO will have ea transmitter at the fair grounds in August, QRX for his traffic. 9CFW wants an ORS certificate. (How about the rest of you traffic fellows?). 9ANQ works with low power on 20. 9AAS is keeping some schedules with the BCLs. Hi. 9DSU geta out FB on 20 meters. 9PU has been on the air only 2 weeks this summer and gets R9 from oa-2YI. His schedules are FB. Traffic is slack at 9CKM. 9EYA is off to Michigan until school starts. Yls have the better of 9ALK. 9BLL and 9DEA report things slow. DX is good on 40 at 9DCK. 91Z has been in St. Louis on a trip. 9APY is trying to pacify the BCLs. 9ASBP is taking charge of the USDA testa. 9BRX has a brand new Commercial ticket and hopes to go on the lakes soon. 9BNI can’t amplify his new crystal. 9ACU is try- ing to get out on 10. 9KB is rebuilding. 9BNR is building two new transmitters. 9DXZ is on 20 and 53

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dala x ~uU IA 83 has been experimenting with 80 IAFA worked ALL his traffic with {. 9BSH works on 10 meters. 9AWX 9CNB is now on 20. 9AQA'’s soon be reporting. 9DWP is re- is QRW automobile QRX for a 250 S (now 5AXW) was in Chicago for neters. 9PU 70, 9CZL 67, 9AFA 58, 45, 9BZO 84, 9AAS 83, 9 APY 27, G 19, 9CUO 19, 9CUH 18, 9ASE 15, MINNESOTA—SCM—D. F Aa 12, 9DGA 12, 9DSU 12, 9BNI 10, 8, 9AD 7, 9FCW 7, 9KB 7, 9ALK 6, ICKM 56, 9ABG 4, 9EGX 4, 9AHJ 2, AGG 1, 9ANQ 1, 9EYA 1 DAKOTA DIVISION Cottam, looks pretty slim this month. Re- X210 and the 222 that could be yours the traffic. 9COS is highest this been on a vacation, too. He has a m that makes him look like No. 12 has been on a trip to Canada. 9FSN They visited several ham stations. QSO SE and NN. 9EFK keeps one busy delivering groceries in his hammers the brass evenings. 9ELA 9BYA had a blow up of apparatus has been depressed ever since. The BYA was handling the 9XI schedule XI's generator passed on and then of all time had to wreck things. *~hedule 9EBHO, a new reporting very nice work with a 208A. hamfesting all month, saw 22 sta- a lot of info. The last Twin of the season was held at where moving pictures of Twin me meeting ns were shown. Everyone enjoyed Mr Sumner T. Young was mas- from photographing to projecting ratulated on his fine work in our SDBW 18, 9BTW 15, 9EFK 13, 1, 9EFO 7, 9EHO, 6, 9AIR 1. MINNESOTA—SCM, C. L. Barker, sys he may go to sea. 9DPX, who at s back at St. Paul again operat- used a Hartley on 40 with the National Guard 9EHI has been ake. 9CIW and 9BMR visited the took a trip by car visiting the SCM enroute 9BMR is too busy to be SCM a visit while on a short camp- lake 9DPX 3, 9EHI 6, 9ABV 2, AKOTA—Acting SCM, Prof. H. L BVF is rebuilding. He went back to .. counterpoise and reports FB ding the summer session at He reports a new station gging away as usual. 9DM is working hard. A new ham has N. D., but has not received and atte: SCM, F. J. Beck, 9DB—The ng and getting ready for cooler s hie C.C. set going OK. 8BOW DWN 9DGR, 9DBZ and 9DKL 9DLY is recovering from a broken separate seta for 20 and 40 meters, handled some traffic besides ‘ 40 81, 9DNS 6, TA and e or sBOW 3 DELTA DIVISION Acting SCM, H. E. Velte, 5ABI I have been appointed your aeting » have nominated and elected a regu- yne of the best SCMs that Arkansas en 5AIP left us to become a ship op s to ship op. They both have their > eta. Sorry to have you go, OM’s. j both. The R. I. paid us a » glad to have him come. Several We have two new k the exams. stations in Little Rock, 5BCZ and 5BDD. 65ANN is completely rebuilding and will be on 10, 20 and 40. 5ABI is the leader for this section in traffic. 5SI, the RM, will be on the air soon. 5AND has moved to Helena. 5SS expects to leave for Calif. soon and expects to set up out there if he does not go to sea. He reports some traffic. 5I1Q says that he does not hear any stations on 10 and that 20 is FB but very erratic. 56AUU is back home and will be on soon. Let’s try and have more traffic reports next month. ORS have not reporting as they should Come on, fellows, let’s put Arkansas on the map. Traffic: SABI 28, 5AQX 8, 5SS 65. MISSISSIPPI—SCM, J. W. Gullett, 5AKP—5Q says that his UV-204 set his radio frequency choke on fire but he is going again with a new choke 5API is going on a vacation. He is still sticking to the fone on 178 meters. 5AJJ is QRW. 5SS and 5AED had a schedule. 6BDZ is a new ham in Vicksburg. 5AGS and 5AQU will be in scout camp for the next eight weeks and will have a trans- mitter on the air using the call 5AGM. 5AKP is now rebuilding his transmitter, receiver, antenna and wavemeter. He has been QSO EG, EF and OA lately on 20 meters. Traffic: 5AKP 78, 7FQ 12, 5API 5. LOUISIANA—SCM, C. A. Freitag, 5UK—5IE has some difficulty with his xmitter. 55RD uses B batteries. 5BCM is a new station in Shreveport 5AAY. 5HR, 5QJ and 5UK are still going strong on fone Traffic: 5ANC 11, 5NS 2, 5UK 7, 5BCM 6. HUDSON DIVISION ASTERN NEW YORK—SCM, F. M. Holbrook 2CNS—the big event of the month was the meeting at White Plains of 42 hams and would-be hams from 18 towns of Westchester County. The meeting was enthusiastic. 2CVJ gave a talk on Televisior 2APQ made the BPL with three to spare. This is a result of schedules. 2AYK handled traffic relating to GMD with NKF and 2BHV. 2AXX has daily schedules with 8BLP. 2QU was elowed down by ill- ness and resetting transmitter. 2BKE finds his pure DC gets out consistently. 2ANV is erecting a new Zeppelin antenna with the help of 1AWQ who is contributing material 2AWF is back from a camping vacation. 2BMP (old 2ABQ of spark days) is now on the air and says CW is FB. Hi. 2ACY is Army-Amateur at Schenectady. He reports that his shack was visited this month by &8BQK, 2ATA 2BGB and 2AGP. 2JE, formerly operator at NAN, is our newest ORS and is on every night. 2BJJ, who has won commercial first class license, has a new 2 2ARS is etarting up with a 210 REL set. 2MZ sends in her first traffic report Her QRH 39 meters. 2CTH will be temporarily QRT due to complete fading of his B battery. 2CNS shot a message via Quebec to an old Ontario f 9 xO 15 friend of 20 years ago and received a pleased reply via nc2AC Traffic: 2APQ 108, 2AYK 64, 2AXX 32, 2QU 18 2BKE 12, 2ANV 10, 2ACY 10, 2JE 7, 2BJJ 5, 2MZ 4, 2CTH 2, 2CNS 1. NEW YORK CITY AND LONG ISLAND—SCM M. B. Kahn, 2KR—Due to the change of SCM, n doubt many of the fellows were at a loss as to where to send their reports but I am not accepting that as an excuse from the ORS holders. This month’s report was disgraceful and there is going to be a shake-up in the C. D. of the Section. There are over 40 ORS in this Section and some of the fellows haven't sent in a report for months. Others haven't even a transmitter on the air. In view ef this condition, all ORS who haven't a perfect record are going to have their appointments cancelled Those who think they can meet the requirements of an ORS are invited to send their applications to me. Only those who are positive that they can re- port their activities each and every month need ap- ply. There are several appointments open for the right fellows as RMs and OBs go let’s hear from the live wires of the Section who are interested. Manhattan: 2AOJ-2BJU is on ten meters with a TP-TG circuit using a UX250 and is working fine DX. 2BGO is on the air every morning, except Mon. and Tuesday, from 2 a.m. until dawn. 2BCB is working Aussies quite consistently on 20 meters and informs us that 2TC is in China listening for Nu-2’s 2DP worked many last month but other DX was nil. 2KR has trying to get some traffic on 80 meters but that real messages are not to be had. Bronx: 2BBX is the only Bronx station who took 7’s been it seems QS T FOR AUGUST 1928

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€ port itrong »rook seting hams eting isior lis is ating daily y ill- apt CB ers ler me res k OK the trouble to report. He kept a schedule with ARDI for eight successive nights. Brooklyn: 2UI is the lone star in Brooklyn. Long Island: 2BGK relayed a message from the “Italia” by long distance phone. He uses two 201A’s with 300 volts RAC. 2GP has left for Europe and won't be back until Sept. Traffic: Manhattan: 2KR 38, 2AO0J-2BJU 27, 2DP 9, 2BGO 6, 2BCB 5. Bronx: 2BBX 58. Brooklyn: 2UI 31. Long Island: 2BGK 14, 2GP 35. NORTHERN NEW JERSEY—SCM, A. G. Wester, 2WR—2WR is on 40 again with a new plate trans- former. 2CP has a fast express route working with the west and uses 2BME as an alternate. 2AT ex- pects to put plenty of traffic into New York via 2KR, the SCM of N.Y. 2JC is quite due to remodel- ing of club rooms. 2KA is rebuilding. 2JG is QRV for any aeroplane test as he lives on the trans-con- tinental Air Route. The YLs have 2AGM now that college days are over. 2BDF was busy with YMCA work. 2MD kept a schedule with sb-lAW. 2CTQ is using voltage polarized feeder for 20 now. 2CJX has been busy with business. 2BY is going to have several prominent YL operators call at her shack during the summer. Guess a few OMs will also be around. Hi. 2BBB has left to pay a visit to nc2BB at Montreal. 2AVK sent his report while enroute to Canada for a vacation. 2BAL is going back on 20 after a few days on 40. 2AOP expects a new flivver to give his signals a race. 2ADL has left for the sunny South, stopping off at 8ANV, enroute to WSB. 2ANB is vacationing in Calif. 2AOS is peddling Atwater Kent sets. 2AER is back from M.I.T. and will be heard on for the summer. 2ASZ is with us in a late report. 2ARB has had very fine contact with WNP and handles all their traf- fic. 2BME reported a good total direct to HQ—just in time. Trafic: 2WR 1, 2AT 22, 2EY 1, 2JC 8, 2KA 6, 2JG 25, 2AGN 15, 2MD 24, 2CTQ 7, 2CJX 12, 2BY 3, 2BME 113, 2AVK 14, 2BAL 4, 2AOP 14, 2A0S 38, 2ADL 115, 2AER 8, 2AEB 2, 2ARB 22. MIDWEST DIVISION EBRASKA—SCM, C B Diehl, 9BYG—8QY says that 20 meters is FB for summer He keeps a nightly schedule with 6HEZ. 9BYG is still the maddest man in town. 9DVR is still at ‘em 9DI is on deck. 9CHB reports a ham picnic at Superior—S8& hams and several YLs were present. Have a very fine report from 9EQF at Norfolk. 9EQF is the shining example for Nebraska ORS. Traffic: 9EQF 28, 9DVR 9, 9QY 6, 9DI 4, 9CHB 4. 1OWA—Acting SCM, H. W. Kerr, 9DZW—First our apology to the Asst. C.M. for allowing the printer place an “ex” before 9DOA. Our own “OU” nnects with 9EHN from 1MK and invites QSU when you hear that sig. “QRW” comes from ll des—9EIW with “strawberries”, 9BWN cable-test- r and inspecting for the Bell Fone over the state 9CS and 9CUX have asked for rain check till fall. Our RM visited a number of the gang on a vacation trip 9BCA gets a big kick QSOing 6 countries nd 3 continents in one night. 9EJQ worked three yn 10 meters, continues 5 meter transmission from 2:30 to 3 pm. Sundays. 9DRA failed to report h's 60 last month but leads this. 9CKQ had complete QSO with ei-DY Treviso, Italy, on 20 meters, also rorked eg-5BY with 400 volts on his 210 bottle The Acting SCM would like to hear from every lowa Ham. : 9DRA 76. 9EDW 66, 9BCA 43, 9EHN 41, 9CS 38, 9DZW 26, 9CZC 12, 9EIW 9, 9PB 8, 9EJQ 4. KANSAS—SCM, F. S. McKeever, 9DNG—9CFN is Canada on his vacation so was pretty much QRT this month 9CWW takes the cake this time. He worked Japan and lacks only Africa for his WAC 9CV and 9CET are still coming. 9HL let his skeds all go. 9DIH and 9DNG lost their antennas in re- cent storms. 9DNG wants to thank a!l Kansas ORS for their cooperation during the last two years. Be- ides this being his lat report as SCM, he is drop- ping out of the game for the present at least. We inderstand that nominating petitions are being cir- culated for 9CET and 9JU. FB. Traffic: 9CWW 15, 9OFN 14, 9CV 14, 9LN 12, 9HL 10, 9DNG 7, 9DIH 1, SBHR 1. MISSOURI—SCM, L. B. Laizure, 9RR—-9BEU finally lined up some reliable skeds and traffic showed an increase over last month. 9ZK took second honors for traffic. 9BMU followed 9ZK with a good Chicago sked and some new equipment. 9BMU says QS T FOR AUGUST 1928 his set got soaked in the rain. 9DZN and 9BHI landed fair totals and installed a new 852 with good results. 9BHF works all bands and keeps a sked with 9AYK. He received his ORS this month. 9FTA is getting ready to operate. 9EVV is a new St. Louis station. 9AAO had his mast cut down by BCL friends but operated at another shack while tem- porarily QRT. 9DOE reports everything FB on NX, his summer job. 9ADH escaped a tornado narrowly. 9BMS is rebuilding and hopes to be on by August. 9EUB applied for ORS. 9ASV was QRW rebuilding for 20 meters. 9BJA is getting all set for fall skeds. 9FBF-9FSI continues working on 180. 9DMT is on 20 and 40. 9CKS is home from college and getting QRV on 10 and 20 meters. 9DKG works on 20 meters mostly. SARA _ was heard a number of times by the SCM pounding brass. 9BUL handled quite a bit of traffic through QRM from blown condensers. 9EPX sends his first re- port. 9RR is rebuilding. 9BSB and 9EYP led in K.C. traffic. 9FIO, 9ENU, 9DOJ and 9RR QRX’d for USDA tests on the 23rd. 9DNQ is moving. 9EMH and 9BUR handled a few. 9BKK is being operated by a YL sister while Bob is away, ship operating. 9EQC has a new transmitter and is QRV for traffic. 9FHV is a first time reporter. 9DQN has a good sked with 9CUE of Indianapolis. 9BSB keeps regular St. Louis skeds. 9RR has been QRW boosting the USNR campaign in this Section. The enlistment in the 9th district tripled in two months. The new ham club is going strong. 9EYP passed some hot dope to the SCM about commercial sta- tions working under amateur licenses. FB, OM. More stations handled traffic in every part of the Section than last month, increases being registered St. Louis, Kansas City and in the out-state sta- tions. Trafic: 9BEU 61, 9ZK 44, 9BMU 19, 9DZN 6, 9BHI 21, 9BHF 7, 9AAO 8, 9EUB 24, 9ASV 4, 9BJA 17, 9FBF 6, SDMT 6, 9DKG 8, 9BUL 18, 9EPX 1, 9FIO 12, 9EMH 11, 9ENU 10, 9EYP 25, 9BUR 3, 9BSB 48, 9DQN 19, 9EQC 10, 9FHV 2, 9RR 11. NEW ENGLAND DIVISION INNECTICUT—SCM, C. A. Weidenhammer, 1ZL 1TD keeps a schedule three times a week with 1BI-1BQH in Boston. 1AMC handled some traf- fic with WNP and worked several European stations. OA and OZ stations were again worked by 1IBJK who hopes to have an imposing traffic report next month. 1MK again leads in traffic. Operator Par- menter reports that five sixth district schedules for San Fran. traffic are being worked, and that two more for Los Angeles traffic are pending. 1BNS has planned an extensive building program for the summer months. A call for help in an Iowan’s hour of bereavement was relayed by 1AMG. 1BI- 1BQH states that his schedule with 1TD keeps him in touch very nicely with things at home. 1BGC worked New Zealand. The battery power supply at 10S “went west... WIVE moved during the month. 11M has built a very successful photo re- ceiver. IMC has been very active on 20. 1AFB re- ports work on 20 where QRN is nil. 1IV has joined the studio operating staff of the Nat’l Broadcasting Co. 1ZL handled traffic with Australia, New Zea- land and South America. The SCM is getting an 80 meter transmitter ready for summer traffic work. IRP is out for an ORS certificate. 1ASD has a job as a butcher. He states that he is a real “ham” now. Hi. Traffic: 1MK 320, 1BQH-1BI 55, 1BNS 19, 1AMG 17. 1AMC 14, 1BJK 9, 1ZL 9, 1BGC 9, 10S 3, 1VE 3, 1TD 49. 1ASD 13. RHODE ISLAND—SCM, D. B. Fancher, 1BVB— With this report your SCM is resigning. Having accepted a position out of the state. IBVB is mov- ing and won't be able to look after the affairs of R. I. I want to take this opportunity to thank you boys for your cooperation in the past and ask you to give the next man the same. Good luck to you. 1BLS was too busy with school work this month to do much in radio. 1MO is whipping out to good DX. 1AWE has been having YL trouble this month. Hi. 1BQD says things are very quiet. 1BVB is getting ready to move to New London, Conn. Will see you on the air from there. Traffic: 1BVB 34, 1BQD 19, IBLS 14, 1MO 8, 1AWE 7. 55

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MASSAOHUSETTS—SCM, E. L. Bat- KY worked IMK on RM _onight. .» visit from 8CNO, YL, and 8BYN INQ knocks off the DX when he e to operate. IBVL is now working in Da ©, and others had a call from LAFL a from New Bedford. 1ASI has a new 16 ansmitter ICRA is going to CMTC at - 1ACH took a portable transmitter Maine and N. H. with him and was i mn touch with home OK. A schedule IRF was not much success. IKB, an s is in a report that he is just startin having good luck. 1APK has jus ew transmitter. Anyone up about 2AM for 1BQZ as he haunts the air at that " f 1IFL has a portable 15 watt station " Conn., call 1BMM. 1PB is going on a : Cruise for a couple of weeks. 1KH ha sountries and 5 continents. “College be o er at IGP and we should hear more fror v IBVL, IRY and 1ADM all worked eF I 1LM reported as usual but ne says not “ 1AHV and 1AKS are both work- ng . 1AAW sent in his report as : to wish you all a pleasant vacation if hope you come back all QRV for : ACH 49, 1KY 42, 1AKS 35, 1ASI 26, 1AH RA 24, IRF 31, 1LM 21, 1BZQ 20, IRY 1 APK 14, 1KH 11, 1UE 11, 1AAW 10, INQ 7, 1GP 5, 1BVL 3 MASSACHUSETTS SCM, Dr. J. A. re new SCM thanks the fel- ‘YL in Boston) for their good er knew that I had so many friends in gang should thank 1DB for the r » some of the ORS in Western Mass. wi was burning up the roads with his mur- r > rebuilding his transmitter, and 1AKZ ¢ code to the YL, 1AJK spent two weeks the Naval Reserve. IBWY is on ( the summer. 1BVR is on 38-39 meters. LW r for Fort Monmouth Aug. 3rd. Every- th ‘ at 1AFQ these hot summer months. 1A na7MN 1BKQ members had a shack 1UM,. The chariot race was won ; legbert Refreshments and prohibition irinks erved 1ANI is back from NAD and tT. M wr art at 4, IBVR 5, 1WQ 5, 1UM 5, 1AMZ APL 14, IBWY 15, 1ANT 31. CM, Fred Best, 1BIG—Everybody' en- Maine Convention held at Augusta J 14 Headquarters was well _ rep- re ere 1ANH turns in the best report this been a hard worker and in spite of mar ps, manages to get his report in on tin ORS is surely forthcoming and may always! 1AQD turned in his third re- that his ten meter rig is rebuilt and han ever. He and 1BIG had a schedule for : weeks but nothing was heard. The Bar Radio Club gang are planning on buy- ng a frequency meter which is to be kept at calibrate wavemeters which the gar nstruct from time to time. FB. 1AQL sr IBAY reports 1BAD. a new ham, lo- a port. Me We hope he’s not too BAD. H 1LALY put in fifteen days of active r report a wonderful time. rT BI 108, 1ANH 25, 1AQD 4. nr as 1B sed to TIRPE—SCM, V. W. Hodge, 1ATJ rlad to have the gang _ report t meseages handled and summer QRM ent in his usual good total and says he 52. 1A0Q sent in a fine report. 1IP worke rnia with an input of 4 watts and an 1AEF will be on with a portable 1JN is on daily in spite of hot h 1IP and 1BFT are now enlisted in the " eerve 1BST reports a lot of activity in Ber ! : FB as we have always needed some re atior n the northern portion of this Sec tior s on in West Concord now. 1AIP had k and burned out his H tube. 1AEF 19, Tian RET as IP ‘6, 1A0Q 74, NORTHWESTERN DIVISION LASKA—SCM, W. B. Wilson, WWDN,—Alaskan traffic is moving very lively. Schedules are kept with nu 7’s and 6’s every night. 7JR and 7HL seem to have the most punch if Seattle at 7FD (this report was sent by 7TO via 7TX to 7FD.) Many sta- tions are on in Alaska but do not report. 7TO will be glad to QSR your reports or they may be gent in through na7FD via 7TX, 7KO or 7LZ. The summer stations at the canneries are in full swing and can be heard on the air nightly. We are well into our brief season of extreme ac- tivity with all the cannery stations hard at their summers work. Mose of the operators this summer seem to be equipped with short wave sets personally owned. 7JR in the Bristol Bay region got busy among the Oriental employees and originated enough messages alone to entitle him to entry in the B.P.L He handled most of these messages with oplHR and op1CM and hopes to make a better record for the month of July. 7HL at Taku Harbor did not originate many but his relays make the total add up. 7TO fell down on totals as most of the month was spent in Ketchikan. Also, short wave conditions were ex- tremely bad with heavy atmospherics and local QRM A route from 7TO to nulMK is maintained via nu6CIS. A circular letter was sent all known stations in the district this month. It is hoped to get action soon rela- tive to some ORS appointments. 7ABE at Iditarod and TAER at St. George are consistent as usual with good totals for their isolated locations. Traffic: 7JR 255, 7THL 140, 7TAER 115, 7TO 56, 7TABE 56. WASHINGTON—SCM, Otto Johnson, 7FD—This month is featured by an 80 meter station, 7TKO who is doing real traffic work with few, if any, “bum” nights. Practically all traffic handled by Seattle sta- tions was with Alaskan stations who are in the midst of the fishing season. The Seattle gang are QRW with plans for the coming Northwestern Division Con- vention to be held at the Hotel Bergonian on Aug. 31 and Sept. Ist. Full details will be found in QST and Key Klicks or may be had from any Seattle ham Louis R. Huber, 9DOA, the Assistant to the C. M., will be the Headquarters representative. Activities in Eastern Washington have fallen off although Gray’s Harbor seems to be showing signs of life. Traffic: 7KO 66, 7LZ 44, 7BR 32, 7FD 22, 7TX 19, 7BM 18, TOV 16, 7NO 16, TAEV 10, TAFQ 8, 7TJ 7, 7AGO 5, 7TACS 4, 7VL 4, 7AG 4 MONTANA—SCM, O. W. Viers, TAAT—7HP is knocking "em dead on 40; He handled several death messages and worked Mexico. THT who has less time for radio comes in second. TAAW snapped out of it and gave the SCM a surprise. FB, OM. 7DD handled a few and is still experimenting with crystal control. 7JC visited the SCM for several days. TAAT- QT worked a few on a new Hertz tuned to 89.4. P Traffic: 7THP 95, THT 40, TAAW 25, 7DD 21, TAAT OREGON—SCM, R. H. Wright, 7PP—Some of the gang are rebuilding in anticipation of fall and winter activity, 7RZ, a new call but an old operator, is using a 7% w. bottle and getting out splendidly. 7LP is on the air again after a long period of inactivity. He is also using 744 watts. 7TAJW, the Battleship Oregon, has been doing excellent DX on 40 meters. This sta- tion has an operating list of 30 licensed hams. 7UN is high traffic man this month. 7GQ is on inter- mittently. He works Alaska and moves traffic occa- sionally. TALK is on regularly. 7MF will be on at Medford during the summer, after a period of in- activity at Corvallis. 7PL now has 250 watts and is building a shielded grid receiver. 7PP is installing erystal control. Traffic: TUN 86, 7MF 31, 7PP 19, 7PL one 9, TALK 21, G 5. PACIFIC DIVISION AST BAY—SCM, J. Walter Frates, 6CZR—The fact that OM summer slump is more an excuse for the lazy rather than an actuality was demon- strated this month. Traffic men in the section were kept busy handling messages for those on vacation and for the local men at the Calif. Nat'l Guard Camp at San Luis Obispo. 6ALX had a great deal of en- joyment from the mountain of traffic sent out by 6SR and AV3 at the camp under the direction of 6BDO. He made the BPL both ways. 6IP ran him a close second and also made the BPL both ways. QS T FOR AUGUST 1928

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rood 56, This who 1m” sta- idst RW on- is ath ess put DD tal \ T- AT the ter

6ZX, former SCM, also cut in on the Guard traffic and made the BPL with deliveries. 6HJ, a new ORS at Vallejo, did good traffic work through skeds with NA, OH, and OP. 6DKO did his usual amount of work with no sign of slackening. 6CZR spent his va- cation visiting 6CIS and 6CBS in Sacramento and do- ing message handling with OH, op-1CM and ac-8CL. 6BNG is stili batting away in fine shape. 6BPC at Vallejo is back on ghe air again for traffic work. 6RJ is keeping his station on all summer. He is QRW convention entertainment plans and copied KHAB, Southern Cross, for a BC station. 6CZR, 61P, 6EDK, 6AHH, 6BDO and Earle Ennis did likewise for Bay newspapers and press associations. 6EDK has remote controlled his station in apt. house with Zepp antenna on roof and is reconstructing receiver to use shield grid tube. 60T, Oakland Radio Club station, is still under reconstruction by 6BJW will be on the air by about the end of the month. 6EY reports reception of 2XV, Coast Guard’s Greenland transmitter. He says they did not keep skeds given them in order to make QSO’s. 6BZU handled a few. 6CTX is using raw AC until MG gets back from the east. 6DTM is having a lot of trouble getting his new 500 cycle power supply going. 6COL has managed to work am-3AB, gi-6MU, EF and EG and keep a watch on 10 at odd times. 61M says he is ready for the coming convention. 6CGM has a bad power leak. The Oakland Radio Club held an anniversary house- warming during the past month. Director Babcock, 6ZD, 6ALX, 6CZR, 61IP were among the speakers. W. W. Salisbury and Larry Marshall, teaching fellows in physics at U. of C., gave demonstration of thei 10 meter transmitter. Entertainment and hot dogs were enjoyed 6IT presided as president but turned the gavel over to secretary 6EDK who had charge of the program. Traffic: 6ALX 330, 6IP 241, 6BDO 185, 6ZX 110, 6HJ 45, 6DKO 44, 6CZR 40, 6BNG 40, 6BPC 40, 6RJ 38, 6EDK 25, 6EY 18, 6BZU 17, 6CTX 15, 6DTM 10, 6COL 8, 6IM 6, 6CGM 4. SANTA CLARA VALLEY—SCM, F. J. Quement, 6NX—6AMM was first in the delivered total for the country last month and it looks as if he will be first this month with 178 delivered messages. His new transmitter will soon be on the air. Heavy power leaks QRN slowed up the schedule. 6BVY, Lt. E Beall, has just been appointed as commanding officer of the newly formed Volunteer Communication Re- serve Section No. 3 of the USNR. 6NX, the SCM, has been appointed in a like capacity to command section No. 6 at San Jose. 6BMW noticed a drop in off-wave stations this month. Only two stations were heard off-wave and they were QSO’s direct and told to raise their QRH. This is gratifying and shows the results of the good work done by OO stations. 6ALW says the bottom has dropped out of the 20 meter band and he is now up on 40 with an 80’ Hertz. 6NX is building an SG receiver. 6BTJ has moved back into the Section again after a year in Nevada. 6ED is the station of Prof. Jeffers located at Mount Hamilton California. 6BHY and 6AJZ are QRW. Traffic: 6AMM 305, 6BMW 56, 6ALW 9, 6NX 4, 6BTJ 3. PHILIPPINES—<Acting SCM, J. E. Jimenez, op1AT The following report came in the form of two mes- sages via oplLHR and nu6HJ: “On writing this report, the Salvager is out on salvage work on stranded steamer stop have rendered great relief to distressed steamer’s officers and crew as well as to their worried families and friends stop no communication after striking isolated reef as ship’s engine room flooded with seawater and radio not equipped with emergency outfit stop opl1AH did splendid delivery service. —siz opIDR”. A European traffic circuit was opened at 1DR through am8AB who keeps regular schedule with England and South Africa. Another message con- tains the report of oplHR: “Schedules are kept with the following stations at op9PB, Zamboanga oh6DEY, Schofield Barracks, Honolulu—ac8ZW Obsyshanghai, China, nu6HJ, Vallejo, Calif., ac2AB, Warines, Tientsin, China; op1RC, Cavite Naval Radio School, Cavite, P. I., nu6AMM San Jose, Calif..—above sta- tions on daily schedule except 6AMM do not QSO Sun- day .... Traffic is handled through oplHR to fol- lowing destinations: nu, oh, aj, ac, am, oz and locals.” Traffic: op1 PR 714, op1DL 108, op1GZ 2, opi PW 30. wena op1HR 6386, op1DL 176, op1GZ 26, oplAT SAN DIEGO—SCM, G. A. Sears, 6BQ—6AJM again leads in traffic in spite of his PI schedule being cancelled temporarily on account of oplAD’s moving. He expects to put in crystal for work on 20 and 10 meters. Don has worked all continents on both 20 and QS T FOR AUGUST 1928

40 meters. 6BF’s UX210 gives him reports like a 4 KW. 6EC-XE reports traffic with nn1INIC diminishing on account of most of West Coast boys having re- turned. 6DNS, a new ORS, piled up a good total for a first month. He has 3 regular schedules. 6BYZ sends his reports in by radio. 6BGL sends his report in as usual. Why not fill out the ORS application, OM? 6QY has rebuilt his 21 meter transmitter and has mounted it all on plate glass. 6BZD lost half the plate in one of his rectobulbs. 6BAM says there will be a new bunch on the air at Santa Ana soon. He is helping several prepare for the examination. 6O0X found time to handle a few this month. 6AKQ reports the end of his shore duty and will be at sea until October. 6DGW is changing to a motor generator again. 6BAG reports some traffic. 6FP says he’s busy with power troubles again. 6BAS is experiment- ing with crystals at 6XJ. 6CNK says weather is too fine for radio now. 6BFE is completely rebuilding. Several reports received last month too late to be included. Reports must reach me not later than the 29th. Failure to send in reports for three months re- sults in cancellation of ORS. The Naval Reserve Communications is showing a lot of activity. More applications are wanted. 6CXF and 6DNS are mak- ing the cruise to Honolulu this year. Those in- terested can get full particulars by calling or writing your SCM. Traffic: 6AJM 92, 6BF 71, GEC 69, 6DNS 58, 6BYZ 39, 6BQ 24, 6BGL 23, 6QY 16, 6BZD 14, 6BAM 19, 60X 18, 6AKQ 11, 6DGW 11, 6BAG 11, 6FP 9, 6BAS 8, 6CNK 4. HAWAII—SCM, F. L. Fullaway, oh6CFQ—6BOE has the high total for this month. Skeds with KNT, op1HR, opl1CM, nu6DH, nu6DJ, nu6BF and nu7PP did it. He reports work on the ten meter band. Wants to QSO. His QRH 29 megacycles and he tests daily 0180 to 0330 PM HST. 6CFQ makes the BPL again. Handled a lot of fleet traffic. He keeps five skeds. 6DEY says its dead on 20. 6AVL is now on with 100 watts supplied by two VT4B’s used for rectifiers. 6ALM is leaving to visit Calif. so will be off for the summer. 6DJU is still on the air. 6DCU handles all of 7AER’s traffic for the mainland. It is routed from na7AER to oh6DCU to oh6CFQ to nu6HJ or 7TABK. 6DLR is now remote controlled with his transmitter in a pigeon loft. 6DPG is on 20 and 40 but says the passing Fords bother him, 6DQQ is back on again. 6CLJ has a vertical first harmonic Zepp fed from a 204 tube. Upon the arrival of the yachts, a dinner was given for the operators of WGDH and WGDI. Many hams attended and a FB time was had. WGDJ left for the states so the op missed out. Bell of 6DEY left for the states on the transport. He will be on the air soon as a nu nine. 6DCU is joining the Army to go the West Point and will operate at 6DEY. Traffic: 6BOE 700, 6CFQ 188, 6DEY 72, 6AVL 43, 6ALM 389, 6DJU 381, 6DB 25, 6DCU 17, 6DLR 15, 6DPG 11, 6DQQ 8, 6CLJ 7. LOS ANGELES—SCM, D. C. Wallace, 6AM— 6CQP has high total and would like a good sked with New York and one with Texas. 6ZBJ has charge of a YMCA boys’ camp. 6AGR would have made the BPL this month if he had been able to keep his sked with WGDI but the ship was without a wave- meter and had a new QRH every night. 6BZR says his Rectobulbs are nearly purchased. 6CUH handled 86 messages in one week since school closed. He re- layed a message from 9SK to oh6DJU in 20 minutes. 60F QSR’d messages for S.S.P.Co. when storm in Owen’s Valley took out all fone lines to Riverside. 6DGT reports that 6AKF has gone to sea. 6CHA is keeping some good schedules. 6UJ has ambitions to become an ORS and sends in a good report. 6DKV got R&8 from oh6AVL five days in a line. 6DKX is building a screen grid receiver. 6APW is going to C.M.T.C. for a month, 6AWQ reports visits from 6AJI, 6JT, 6GT and 6AM’s steno. 6ALG is having a great deal of trouble with QRM from leaky trans- formers. 6AEC sends in a good total. 6BXD has a new TP-TG transmitter job, using a vertical pipe antenna. 6COT handled messages from KNT. 6EEB’s 310 quit oscillating. 6DEG made a pilgrimage to the “shrine of ham radio in Long Beach” and got exact dimensions of 6AM’s copper shield grid layout. He says his Chinese copy of 6AM’s receiver is the best yet. 6AKD handled a rush message for oo-lAJ to San Francisco. 6BJX enjoyed a fine time on his va- cation. 6BVM was on 20 for a month. 6ALR will have his new set finished soon. 6CQM says 1MX re ports him crystal controlled. 6BZC intends to get on strong again as school is out. 6DHR is in pursuit of a job for vacation. 6CMQ will be at 6CPQ on Balboa 57

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4 } 6DPY worked oh6DJU and mmer 6AM heard portable 6ZZA on schedule *) and back Angeles by 6DGT 6AM was also QSO 9EF on 10 ) 6DMG sends in a good report. Francisco now and is being kept in of L.A. and 6DRR with a portable, 6DQG. 6DLS and two new hams 8 days and took a portable luck. 6BJX went to Big via Tioga Pass. He has ‘y. of the Pasedena Short Wave y busy with haying now. 6CAF 6BRO kept a schedule with por- working he and rt for much IO has been looking for a job. 6CNJ wn. 6CZU, 6CBD, 6CZT, 6BSN, ll send in reports as usual, 6QL { M 5, 6PY 4, and done it’——made the WAC. Con- es the Zepp antenne credit for 6ZBJ 47, 6AGR 47, 6BZR 45, 6DGT 42, 6CHA 40, 6UJ 364, . 6QL 26, GAPW 26, 6AWQ 26, 4, 6BXD 23, 6COT 22, 6EEB 20, 6BJX 13, 6BVM 11, 6ALR 10 6DHR 9, 6CMQ 8, 6DPY 6, 6AM 6DKV 4, 6BJX 3, 6AKW BRO 2, 6AI0O 1. ( rO VALLEY SCM, C. F. Mason, 1 6ER change his set from Colpitts th self-rectification on two UX210's, ption is better for him in early DON has the most of his time to +} + it high school is closed. 6CDK for rectifier. 6LO is on with hordarson plate supply giving pure rP and TG going now. 6ER 12, 6DON 17, 6ATQ 7. M, D. B. Lamb, 6ANO—6BJF is stili France. 6BWS's YL received a birthday (Who bought it, OM? for ORS. 6DIB is going away orthern part of the state for the ent out 24 cards to stations working installing a mercury are rectifier. t a dance will be given that ed to buy a 250 watter for 6EEL ) is having trouble with line voltage. the mornings. 76, 6CDU 32, 6BJF 4, ae 80 6ANO 26. ROANOKE DIVISION a sINIA 9EK transmitter. 82, Me Os Oe Wohlford, 3CA—3ASC is EC is using 1500 volts on a re} 3AG has been rebuilding. tep out on traffic lines. He is r to operate WRVA. 8BZ con- 0) and 40 meters. No success still working his schedule with ms to be getting out and handling ff on account of sickness. 38RL miles on 80 meter phone on low with AC supply as line has place SBGS also has the AC n with chemical rectified supply Richmond had a big meeting at r Fawell, USN, was principal yme very interesting dope on vari- pments and also on the Interna mn regards to frequencies, etc. 244, 83ALS 20, 3AAJ 28, 3AG 9, 3EC AROLINA—-SCM, R. S. Morris, 4JR— *hedule working FB with fq-PM. 4SJ e in the N. C. Convention traffic con- a sked with 4EC who is now on the neton and asks the gang please to note f QRA {AB says his schedules have log 1JR is on only for schedules but work soon. 4TO says he is going WAC as soon as he gets his cards from 4ADQ has QRM from power leak. in getting a fixed condenser to 4SJ 27, 4EA 28, 4AB 17, 4TO 14, SCM, C. S. Hoffman, Jr.—8HD with messages handled working se-2EA 8APN of Fairmont is a new ORS SDNN has several schedules. Morris ex-8BDA are reported ta be on with rked a dozen European countries. returned from Yellowstone Park and ir ints, having a splendid vacation trip. Several of the gang reported going to State College Convention. 8DCM 2. Traffic: 8CLQ 44, 8APN 14, ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISION OLORADO-—SCM, C. R. Stedman, 9CAA * the old Brass Pounder, changed to a new with the result that he has been off the air. 9DRV is going to Calif. and enjoy some visits with some sixes. 9DQD had to cancel all his skeds and says he can’t handle any traffic without them. 9CDE is on low power. 9CSR is planning a crystal-con- trol outfit. 9DGJ claims his Ford is a good radio bug exterminator. Some of the Denver gang doubt the authority of the statement, however, as 9CAA seems to be successfully recovering from a badly sprained wrist and numerous bruises. 9CAA is active and ready to go as always. 5AAV is a Color- 9EAM, QRA ado visitor for the summer and is signing his port- able 5ZZC and showing the Denver gang up on DX. 9ENM keeps schedules with 9CAW and IMK. 6AIK at Ogden, Utah sent his report to the Colo. SCM this time. Traffic: 9CAA 8&8 9DGJ 1, 9BQO 2, 9CSR 27, 9CDE 2, 9DRV 9, 9CAW 27. 6AIK 5. UTAH-WYOMING 9DQD 2, 9ENM 51, Acting SCM, Parley N. James, 6BAJ—6DPO is taking a vacation in Calif. 6BAJ keeps a schedule with 7VJ, who paid him a visit recently. 6RV has been on 20 this month. 6DYE as a dandy T.P.T.G. rig on 40.6 meters, using three 210’s. Traffic: 6BAJ8, 6RV_ 29. SOUTHEASTERN DIVISION LORIDA—SCM, C. E. Ffoulke 41LK—4AACV has a Jr. op. 4CK is in Washington, D. C. but handled quite a few messages before leaving. Hi: made the BPL and leads all Florida by a large margin Activity has been camping with 4ADB this month from the looks of this report. 4ACC comes in third with his total. 4BN has been experimenting w:th a portab'e transmitter on the beach. DX has been rotten for 4AAO lately. 4LK has been working on the transmitter at NRRQ. Are the YLs QRMing 4TK? 4ACV has worked all continents Traffic: 4CK 267, 4ADB 52, 4AAO 4, 4LK 2, 4TK 1, 4ACV 338. GA-SC-CUBA-PORTO RICO-—-SCM, H. L. Reid, 4KU—Georgia. The Atlanta Radio Club has been re- vived and it is hoped that things will begin to move as in the days of old. 4RN will Keep nightly skeds with 4SI starting July lst when he clears for Europe. 4ACC 44, 4BN 12, 4GY is using a 210 now. He retired his five watter after working ef, oa, and fm with 400 volts on the plate. Porto Rico: 4KD has heard 4PQ, 4AAG, 4ACL and 4AAN in St. Thomas, V. I. Traffic: 4RN 7, 4GY 6. ALABAMA—SCM, A. D. Trum, hams are readjusting themselves and the new fourth district cal!s which dished out in Alabama. 5JY is leading the State in traffic handling and consistent work His father i now second op at JY. Kilpatrick of 5BBA has just finished rebuilding his transmitter, He thinks 20 meters is the berries. Good things, BBA. Bayne of 5ATS had the misfortune of losing his father this month. Alabama hams wish to express their deep sympathy in his hour of grief. 5ATJ is at Camp McClellan this month. He was on regularly while home and carried on some good traffic. A new ham is going on the air next door to him soon. 5ADA has been keeping sked with California regularly this month on 40. He is using a Hertz with a 210 back of it with 650 DC on the plates. 5UV is back on the air after his illness, ready for traffic and rag-chewing. 5AYL has been off the air most of this month and has been taking advantage of the hot days in rebuild- ing his set. He now has a 156 watt set on 20 meters. 5VW is on daily and 6JP pounds brass when he is not out with the Yls. Now fellows when the new fourth district calls are issued out and we really get down to good work with them, lets all review the past of Alabama Amateur work with our dear old fifth district talls (which we are reluctant to relinquish) and make it a part of our daily amateur life to uphold our fine sending, rag chewing and traffic handling. I know as well as all of you, that we have the best gang in the world. Let's show them by giving me a fine report on your activity each month. Traffic: 6JY 161, 5ADA 22, 5ATJ 9, 5, 56BBA 4. 5AJP—Alabama their for are now being sets 5AYL 7, 56ATS QS T FOR AUGUST 1928 omuausoe AO; > me - — oe ee ow oe DS

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college /EAM, QRA e air. with 3 and S9CDE il-con- radio doubt 9CAA badly \A is Color- port- 1 DX. 6AIK SCM ames, 6BAJ visit IDYE using third been x on iTK? Reid, n re- move skeds rope. atter 1 the and yama fo eIng e in or i just ; 20 c of this deep ‘amp vhile m is has this back the ring. and uild- ters. are with teur | we rag all ,et’s vity ATS |928 WEST GULF DIVISION KLAHOMA—SCM, K. M. Ehret, 5APG—On the O morning of May 28th, 5AIR heard the “Italia” call CQ but couldn’t raise him. 5BAG has been rebuilding the old xmitter and just as he had it about finished, a little cyclone wrecked his antenna again, and tore down the power lines. 5AYO built a new re- ceiver which works quite well. 5VH says the weather is too hot—says lemonade and the hammock for him. 5BAZ has been using a 201A but has graduated into the 210 class finally. 5 AMO left home before he had a chance to send in his traffic total but says it would have run around 150. 5AMO is tool-dressing again down on an oil well in Texas. 5ZAV has ground several 80 meter crystals and hopes to be on July 4th with a real signal. 5QL is on his vacation which he is taking at home, improving his set. 5AAV is spending the summer in Denver and operating under the call 5ZZC. 5AFX is doing most of his work on 20 meters now. 5APG as well as 5QL heard the airplane “‘Southern Cross” several different morn- ings during the Pacific flight. Traffic: 5AFX 10, 5APG 16, 5AIR 4, 5BAG 1, 5AYO 25, 5BAZ 19. NORTHERN TEXAS—SCM, J. H. Robinson, 5AKN We have two more stations reporting this month than last which shows an increase in activity. All the fellows report a lack of traffic. DX also seems to be scarce, as QRN is too heavy. Army-Amateur ac- tivity is picking up. 6BAM reports schedules with 5AMO and 50H. SBBF is building a Zepp antenna and says daylight work is good but night work is not. 5RJ is using crystal control on 40 meters. 5AHU is back from college. 5HY has gone to CMTC and is operating crystal control station 5AIN. 5JA has an 852 going on both 20 and 40 meters now. 5AEK is on 20 meters and wants an ORS. 5NW is on 20 meters. 5JD is putting a new 204A in his set. 5AQ is rebuilding. 5BG-5AKN is working on both 20 and 40 meters. Traffic: 5BAM 38, 5BBF 24, 56RJ 16, 5AHU 9, 5HY 7, JA 6, 5AQ 6, 5JD 6, BAEK 4, 5AKN 2, 5NW 2. SOUTHERN TEXAS—E. A. Sahm, 5YK activity seems very good despite the merciless QRN of mid- summer in the Gulf area, Several new hams are on. Others are back who had quit for a while. 5HS is looking forward to the San Antonio Hamfest. 5ALA at Mirando says the weather is too hot to pound brass. 5EW reports that his brother M. J. got married and leaves him as the only op at 5EW at present. 5ATM says that he and 5ANK are both in Shreveport with a touring orchestra. 5LP, Melville Chun at Houston handled a message from Honolulu to Newark, N. J. He is putting in a new transmitter. 5MU, Irving Seligmann at Seguin is back after hav- ing been away at school. 5ATI at New Ulm, and 5BDP at Bishop, are newcomers. 5SR has become a commercial op. 5SSY at El Campo, Texas says he has been heard in Paris. Our old friend and standby, L. D. Wall at San Antonio got married about a month ago TRAFFIC: 5EW 35, 5LP-5BBS 27, 5ATM 19, 5HS 2. Canada ONTARIO DIVISION NTARIO—SCM, W. Y. Sloan, VE9BJ—Central Dist: VES8BL reports that during the latter part of May, he visited many stations, among them IMK. He is on the air nightly on 52.56 meters with his OBC and traffic schedules. VE@BK says that 40 meters is used and that Brazil has been worked. VE8BO uses a 210 on 40 and 52.5 meters with an input of about 16 watts. VE3DY is immersed in school exams but traffic has been handled. VE8CJ is very busy these days, also, but when he has more time, he will become Route Manager. 9BJ is now at the Island for the summer. 9AL has been con- fining his work to schedules on 52.6 meters. 8FO has been handling traffic from out-post stations in the North on 62.56 meters with nightly sohedules after 10:30 EST. 8AZ is away on radio work in Northern Ontario and won't be back again until Sept. VESEH is a portable station with a good signal on 52.5 meters. VES8EF also is a portable on vacation in the North with a fine signal on 52.6 meters. Eastern Dist: VESVS is on the air again. 83HE is rebuilding and 8HO is off temporarily. Southern Dist: 8CS is, as usual, the most active station in this district working on 10, 20 and 40 meters. Schedules are kept with many DX stations and the first EJ-NC contact was established by this station. VES8AQ is active on 40, 52.5 and 80 me- QS T FOR AUGUST 1928 ters. VES3BV is active on 52.5 meters. 8AD is go- ing to Muskoka for the summer and may take a portable along. VE3AY has been active on 40 and 52.5 but has now to rebuild his chemical rectifier. VE8WG is still bothered by bad induction QRM and may have to move to get rid of it. Northern Dist: VE8HP is the only reporting sta- tion and he has been doing good work on 52.5 me- ters. Traffic: VE8FC 53, VES3HP 38, VESEH 25, VESAL 22, VE3BO 17, VE3BK 11, VESVS 10, VESDY 8, VES8EF 20, VE8CS 7, VESAQ 4, VESCB 2. QUEBEC DIVISION QUEBEC—SCM, Alex Reid, 2BE—Although we are in midsummer with vacations, QRN ete., DX and traffic are holding their own and what is more en- couraging, three new stations came on the air dur- ing the month. It certainly appeared like old times to hear eight stations of this division on during one evening. 2BW and 2AC have been appointed ORS. 2AC of Thetford Mines has translated the story of the A.R.R.L. into French and has also started a radio club. 2AP, our newest station, worked four districts the second night on. He is using one of the new 250 watt tubes. 2FY got his first DX dur- ing the month. 2AE is using a Belgian 60 watter and doing good work. 2AV is back at the key. We are sorry to report that 2BV is ill. 2AL and 2BR are still pounding away at DX and traffic. 2BE has a Friday and Saturday schedule with oz2ME on 20. 2BR hooked OZ during the month. 2CW is QRW training for the coming regatta. 2CA worked OA on 40 during the month. 2BG is still in the land. 2BB is the most consistent ham of the divi- sion and turns in a nice report. 2BH is rebuilding and increasing power. 2AQ is leaving for the Arc- tic for eighteen months. VANALTA DIVISION ALBERTA—SCM, E. J. Taylor, 4HA—4AH is asst. operator at station CJCA. 4CL is out of town. 4GT moved to a new locality. 4EP is busy on forty. 4FT is a new station. 4EI paid us a visit on his way to Seattle. 4CU is rigging up a new receiver. 4HM is still in England. 4FF is getting into twenty. 4HA is on twenty. Get be- hind the 52.5 band campaign to save this valuable channel for Wed. night all-Canadian gathering. BRITISH COLUMBIA—SCM, E. S. Brooks, 5BJ— The B.C.A.R.A. clubhouse is coming along fine and the gang are hoping to have it finished for the con- vention. 5BR sends in a good total of relayed mes- sages. 6CO says he followed KHAB most all the way across the Pacific as did a number of the Van- couver gang. 5CT has rebuilt again. 5AR has gone to Portland pro tem. 5BJ has quit the com- mercial end of radio and is now a moving picture projectionist. 6CF has been very sick lately and the gang are hoping for a speedy recovery. 5CP continues to build sets for the gang. 5AJ has re- turned from OA OZ districts. 656AD says he worked oO, OA, OZ, OH and AJ in one night on 40. FB. Traffic: 5BR 138, 5CJ 12, 5AD 12, 5CO 65. PRAIRIE DIVISION MANITOBA—SOM, D. B. Sinclair, 4F V—4EK still pounds away very consistently. 4DL took a vacation at Turtle Mountains with 4AR of Boissevain. Sever- al contacts were made with a portable transmitter. 4NR now has a pure DC note. 4DB has a fifty perking FB. 4FV’s new UX852 will be on the air soon. 4DI put up a_ vertical antenna. 4GQ still pounds away on 20. 4DJ gets out very nicely with a 210 in a Hartley. Our old friend 4DP is back from the mines. He is now using a fifty. 4HP has his official call at last, 4FN. 4DK is rebuilding to TP-TG all glasse-mounted. 4CT was on 20 a little. 4GG maneged to get on 20-.once in a while. 4FO has a 250. 4BT will be on the air with his fifty in a few days. 4DW is still pounding away. Keep up the good work, fellows. Traffic: 4EK 15, 4DL 9, 4NR 8, 4DB 5, 4FV 5, 4DI 4, 4GQ 8, 4DJ 2, 4DP 1, 4FN 10. SASKATCHEWAN—SCM, W. J. Pickering, 4FC —4AI is a new station on the air operated by H. B Broten of Meachem. Two 201A’s are used in an MOPA cireuit. 4FC is only on the air Wednesday nights. The Saskatoon gang is becoming active. There are quite a number of stations operating, and more coming up. Traffic: 4FC 11, 4AI 8. 59

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rishes, Sections ONSTITUTION PROPOSED time this issue gets into print, all Section presidents and sec- should have received copies Letter No. 10, sent out from eadquarters recently. For the of the general membership, it mentioned that this letter deals r posed new constitution for the ich will be voted on by all ‘residents and by the officers of n started out with a member- ed of individuals. This was ecause in most countries there ‘ognized amateur organizations the amateurs there. How- ng the past two years and more, nal societies have sprung up in every country where amateur and with this rise, the in- embership feature of the Union became increasingly unwieldy some. 1927 it was proposed to all the that the time had ar- the Union should be converted of. societies, with one recog- ir society or organization from y being a member of the Union nting the amateurs of its re- untry in the Union. This sug- with approval, and the Execu- ttee of the Union was instructed a new constitution to provide y for such an organization. proposal was prepared in the , and sent out for vote. Vari- : were cited by most National wever, and a _ revision was It is this revision which is ler General Letter No. 10. objects and principles of the iin the same. Section I, of Arti- mbership, represents the heart document, and reads as follows: nbership of the Union shall con- national amateur radio societies the date of the adoption of these are recognized as sections of the ler its previous Constitution, and any additional national amateur radio so- cieties which subsequently may be admitted to membership as provided below.” Most of the other changes are merely to conform to this, although there are altera- tions in the plan for locating the headquar- ters, etc. It is believed that the new document takes care of all the objections that were cited against the first proposal, and that this new Constitution will, therefore, be favor- ably acted upon. All votes should be re- ceived by the first of September, and an- nouncement of the result will be given in the next available issue of QST, with the new Constitution printed in full, if it is passed. All National presidents and other Union officers are urged to return their votes as promptly as possible. CHANGE IN THE DUTCH SECTION The Dutch Section of the Union has been converted into a national amateur organi- zation, complying with the BD, new ideas regarding national sections, and is now known as VIR the Nederlandsche vereeniging voor Internationaal Radio- E) amateurisme. The official “diamond” of the new organi- — zation is shown herewith, and v represents another addition to what is now becoming a large family of such emblems, W. Tappenbeck, N. Doelenstaat 2-4, Amsterdam, is Hon. Secretary. Our best wishes go to the or- ganization. R.S.G.B. BECOMES BRITISH SECTION As a result of a vote of the members of the British Section of the I.A.R.U., the Radio Society of Great Britain has been appointed the National Section for Great Britain. Capt. Ian Fraser is President, and H. Bevan Swift is Hon. Secretary. This move brings Great Britain into line under the new scheme of the Union. The old Section, together with its officers, is automatically eliminated, but Union (Continued on Page 72) AUGUST, 1928 ez Sh an, Ee oe nn —s . .

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isn ») So- itted ly + tera- uar- akes "ited this vor- re an- n in the t is nion $ as een ani- the ynal } as Ing dio- cial ini- and | to rge ck, on. or- of the en oat nt, his ler rs, on AUGUST, 1928 eg-2BQH, G. G. E. Bennett, 26 Blenheim Park Road, Croydon, Surrey, England 20 meters laac labt lack lacm lade ladm laef lafb lafd laff lafo lage lags lahi lakd lalb lamu lana lanh laqt lasf lasu lasy lav lazr lbat liber lbea Ibiji lbms lbqd lbsg lbsu lbw 1lbwm Icfo Ichr lcje Icjh lemb lemf icpblda lde lei If] 1fn lia lii lij lkh lle Im! Imy Ipd igqh Iry Ilsi its lvw Ilzz 2abu 2ad] 2afx 2ag 2ail 2ajb 2akl 2anmm 2adg 2arb 2as! 2atx 2aue 2auo 2aus 2avb 2azl 2azu 2bad 2bci 2bco 2bew 2bdh 2bdr 2bev 2bfit 2bfq 2bg 2bgb 2bha 2bjm 2bkp 2bot 2box 2bvg 2bw 2bxr 2ck 2ctq 2cuq 2cv 2fs 2gp 2hq 2ih 2ja 2ol 2Zow 2pj 2rs 2s) 2tp 2vi 2vn 2xad 2xar 2xas 2xo Sehl 3als Sanh Sani 3aog Sack 8aqm 8auh 8awf 8bjm 3bqv 8chk 8eq 3jm Sku 3ql Sqv 3zf éacv 4acz 4adb 4adn 4aek dav 4cf 4cs 4dt 4hx 4io 4km 4nl 4pd 4rn 4sb baci badp 5afb bagq Sakp Balz B5act Sat Satm bSate Save 5ayb B5bam 5bbf 5bj 5dq 5dv Sgi bgm Ghe bie Ske bmq Snb 6bns Spt 5qo 5qq Sre Sta buk Bbyb Obva Gacz Gagr Gaiq 6ajm Galw 6am Gazs Gbax 6bgv 6bjh 6bq 6byy 6bzf 6cby 6che 6col G6cuc 6ewl 6cxj 6cyx 6eze Gdan 6dbo 6dep 6dew 6dgo 6dhq 6diw 6don 6ec 6ih 6jn G6mu Gof 6uf 6vz 6wbh 6xb 6xu 6zzn Taav Tacb Taek Taev Tafo Tago Tahd Taij Takk Tarq Tef Tek 7fe 7fs Tif 7iv 7lh 7mo Tmv 7mx inr Tos Tsp Tvj Sabw S8acm Sada S8adg Safe Saga Sagy Sajk Sakz 8alu Saov S8asb S8atl Savp Saxa Sbaz Sbeu Sbfw S8bjm 8bkq S8box S8ccs 8chi 8clp 8cnh Sepx Sero Sesr Scug Scvj Scwt Sezu Sdee 8dew Sdiv Rdne &8dnj S8dnn 8&dod S8don S8dpn S8dpo S8dsa S8dsy Shx 8jq 8if 8mq 8rd 8re 8sp 8zm Q9aao QYacl 9aex Qaix Q9alz Sama Qanqg Yap] Yara Sasx Yavp Y9avu 9axf 9axu 9bbh 9bgq Ybip 9bkz Y9bmx Y9bp! Ybvh 9bwo Obxi 9byo Yche Ycis Ycok Yerd Bcuh YIcvd Sewb Qezw 9dbe Sdbj Ydce Ydga Ydjh Ydk S$dke S9dku 9dmb Sdng 9dps 9dqe Y9dqy Ydrd Ydrh Y9dsz Qdud 9ebp Yecu Yef Yefz Sezy Yehd Yejo Yenr Yeny Yeoh 9ern Ges Yesk QYetk Yety BYeyu Yez Yfae Ifbw 9fbx 9few Ofly 9hm Y9kv Ylo 9mi Imt Yoj Orf Ysx Suu av2 kdwu npg waj wik wiz wil wnp af-hval af-kol af-lb ai-2kt ai-2kw aq-bdl am-8ab as-rao8 fe-suw fe-2vo fk-4ms fm-8rit fm-tun2 fo-a3e fo-a3z fo-a4o fo-abt fo-a7l fo-a7u fo-a8a fo-lsr fv-ocdb na-7ady na-7aer na-7km na-7mn nb-be6 ne-lad nc-lar ne-lbr ne-lco ne-2al ne-2an ne-2ax ne-2be nec-8ap ne-8ej ne-S8cs ne-3fe ne-3gg ne-4ac ne-4aq ne-4ct ne-4ha ne-Sau ne-baw ne-Sbl ne-5bbn ne-cg ne-Sae np-4ja np-4sa np-wet nr-cto oa-2dy oa-2jy oa-2re Oa-2rz oa-2sh oa-2uk oa-2yi oa-2yj oa-8bk oa-3cp va-3de oa-3gr oa-3hl oa-3jj oa-3jk oa-8kr oa-8ip va-8tm oa-3vp oa-3wg oa-8xo oa-4go oa-4rb oa-bbj oa-5bbw oa-5by oa-5bem oa-5dx oa-Shg oa-Sbmb oa-5xg oa-6ea oa-7lj oa-vip oa-vis od-and od-anf od-ank ch-6adh oh-Galm oh-6av! oh-6crj oh-6dey oh-6dud vh-npm op-Ixr op-npo oz-lap oz-lfb oz-lfe oz-2ae oz-2bg oz-2bx of-3aj oz-3au oz-3aw oz-3az oz-dae ot-4am sb-lar sb-llb sb-2ar sd-pjc sl-hjg xen-ocp. On 40 meters laao labd labz lacj lacz lanh lanx lazu lbbn lbed 1b] lbms lbad lbsd Ilcpj lgh lgw lgx ligz lih lmk Imo limp Iimr Imx Ino Isb Isi lvs ivt lye 2aed 2aef 2aes 2afa 2afr 2agp 2ajb 2ans 2a00 2ap! 2as 2aub 2ank 2aub 2avw 2axf 2azu 2baz 2bcb 2bhi 2bip 2biv 2bkn 2blr 2blx 2bms 2bsc 2bvg 2bxr 2edm 2chi 2emu 2ecp 2ca 2cuq 2cxl 2exm 2dp 2fm 2fs 2¢h 2gp 2ja 2jiy 2k! 2kr 2me 2nj 2ow 2rk 2tr 2uh 2uo 2vt 2wi 2wr Saal Sab] 3abq Sadp 8adv 8aef Safw S8ajz S8alf Sanh S8aqz Sard 8arj S8asg Sawf Bbee Bbhel 8bg Sbiu Sbns Shed B8cei Bchh 8Bcjn 8ck! Sex S8ga 8na 8nd Snr 30h Spf S8qe 3ql Srb B3si 3ez Sut Sbg Swi daba 4dacd 4acn dade 4aep dfe 4gl 4jm 4jn 4pk 4ox 4rn 4tg 4to 4ud 4wm S6bacp bBae Safi Safx 5agp Samo Banh bank SBage Sarg Bary 5Sazm bbam 6bga 5Shz 6bjc Skg boa 5vx B5yb Gaoj 6avj 6awa 6bfp Gbgw G6bpo 6ben Gbyz G6cub G6dev 6dgr 6dld 6dpo 6dye 6kw 6xi Tef Tek Tip Tvq Saaw Saaz Sadu Sagz Sahe Sair Salo Saps Sath Savl Save Sawu Saxz Sayo Sbaf Sbaj 8bal 8bcc Sbe Sbev 8bfg 8bpa S8brf 8bth 8byn 8cbd Sccm S&ccw Scft Sche 8chg 8ciw Senh S8cnm 8cenn Secnr S8cenx S8epr S8eqn Sess S8cto Sexe Sczg 8czr 8dbi 8dce 8dem Sdii 8din 8dkk 8&dnf 8dno &8dod 8dpa 8kq 8li 8qb 8qh 8uj Saat 9ahq 9ahz 9aip 9aio 9aju 9aod Yaof Yarm Yaue Yavp Yavz 9axu S9ban 9bpi Sbca Ybcg BYbex Ybeu BYbke Ybmm Ybpl Sbeh 9bwk 9bxr 9caj 9ccx Yceb Ycej Yche Ycia Ycih 9clt 9cos 9cph Yerd Ycat Ycya Ycye Ycyw Ydb Y9ddn 9des 9dhz 9dng 9doq 9drs 9ds 9dso Sdsz 9dxm 9dxz S9dzw S9ebc Bec Becz Veft Yege Yejo Yelb Yelx Yenp 9epe Yerh Seta Setd 9eul Seve Yeyy Yez Ifbf Y9fbv Ofdf 9fes 9fgp 9fhy 9fkz 9fs 9lk 9mh 9mt Ynr Yny 9st 9Svw 9xi er8 eai-vwz fesuw fm-Sssr ne-2cd nc-3fe ne-4bm ng-lva nm-lz da-3ut da-ibmb xen-oqq. ec-2YD, Near Brno, Morava, Czechoslovakia 20 Meters Ipd 2bfq 2cvo 2alp 2tp 2czr 6bdo 6bnx 6cyx 6cdq 7fe Taij 9cen ne-ldq ne-lly ne-2be nc-5aw fm-tun2 fk-8ms sb-lah oa-2yi oa-4rb oa-isg oz-4rm. 30 to 40 Meters lblf lanz 2blx 2ow 2bfq 2ain 2aqo 3amx Safu Sanh 8cdn 4wk 4b] 4aef &Sbbs Sip 9ez nc-lbr fe-lae ve-lax ac-2ck ac-2ff ac-Sag aj-lsk nr-cto sb-lah sb-laz sb-lay sb-lid sb-2az su-2ak su-loa oa-5sg oa-5Bwa oz-2ae oz-3az xem-sfv. WSQ, Between Mosquito Inlet, Fla., and Kittery, Maine. Operator Ed. Kampf 6bzf 6cgm Gbih 6fh 6dlo 6dz!l 6pw 6cpx 6ws 6avp 6bzm 6dceq 6bq 6am 6ma 6bci 6blp Gbhau 6cwa 6chq 7aij Tabh Tun 7mx nq-2ac nq-5cx ea-kl ea-jh ea-re7 eb-4ar eb-4au ed-7zg ed-7jo ef-8ro ef-Sbtr ef-S8fxf ef-8be ef-8ct ef-8e0 ef-8gi ef-Sjh ef-8px ef-8wz eg-iby eg-5mq ef-6rw eg-6u0o eg-6yq ei-ldy ei-let ek-4uai ek-4jl en-owim ep-lby ep-3gb ex-las ee-ear65 sa-2bx sb-lar sb-law sb-2az sb-lib sc-2as sc-3ac so-ladd su-lbx oa-5qp oa-5dx oa-5hg oa-2sh oz-2ae oz-2bp oz-3az nidk wnp. eb-4XS, Roger Parent, Dolhain, Belgium lbiv lboe lepe Icrd 1fn 1si Ino Ixr 2cty 2cs 2a0o0 2bjs 2et 2cdm 2awq 2mb 2bey 2ev 2cxl 2afb 8abl 8bel 3qt Sbqz Sadp 3qe 3kdg 8ebt Sanh Sard 4jw 4vh 4ei 4agd 4acv 5kg 6jy 6gl Tro 8clz 9dlu 9Iird ne-lbr ne-8r¢g ng-ftt nq-5fl nr-2ags nx-awv su-2ak sl-dg sa-de3 sc-2al sb-laa sb-laj sb-law sb-lax sb-lbo sb-lbr sb-lbz sb-lca sb-lcg sb-lem sb-lfb sb-lid sb-2ad sb-2ag sb-2aj sb-2al sb-2as sb-2ay sb-2ax sb-2bg sb-2id sb-2ih sb-2is sb-2rd oa-7pm oa-Tcx oz-8am oz-8az oz-4ac oz-d4ao fq-ocya ag-lril as-35ra au-1lirk5 xeu-gek xel-azt, eu-RK1, Theodore Gauchman, Svobody S&t., Taroslarvi, U. 8. 8. R. iqt lamd lapr 2arm 2cda 2ow 2auc 2crs 2aov 8al 3cif 8aqz 8fa 4wl 4red 4rf 4aed S8ccs 9ez ac-2al ac-2ck sa-lax. oz-2G0, Harold G. Fownes, 110 Riddiford St., Wellington, N. Z. 20 and 40 Meters na-7aiu nb-be8 ne-lac ne-lap ne-lar ne-lax ne-lbi ne-lbr ne-lco ne-ldj ne-ldm ne-2am ne-2be nc-2bg ne-2fo no-Sag ne-8bo nec-8bt ne-8em ne-8dn nec-8el ne-8gg ne-8gn ne-8mp nec-8nj ne-8zb ne-dar ne-4bp ne-4cu ne-4eh ne-4ey ne-4gg ne-4gi ne-4hh ne-é4hs (Continued on Page @6)

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§? OST Correspondence The Publishers of QST assume no responsibility for statements made herein by correspondents. A Souvenir 173 Albany Ave., Shreveport, La. OST * nclosed is a relic of the Hearn house- h ntly unearthed in the attic. You W ‘ognize it as recalling the “swing ar the country” taken by Mr. Marconi sh after he had announced his inven- tior wireless telegraphy. He came to when I was 17 years old. I at- the demonstration held in the old Opera House (long since torn down). His a was jocularly skeptical of him, f s unholy to communicate from one Shy y yt Shreveport, La., March 27, 1909 You ere cordially invited to attend a ce Demonstration of NCarconi Wireless Telegraph nd Exhibition of WCarconi Wireless Instruments sending Messages Without Wire, Lighting Vectric Lights, Siren Blowing, Ringing Bells, Railway Signals, &tc Grand Opera House Viondey, Tuesday and Wednesday Evenings, Merch 29, 30, and 3/, at &15 Special reseroed seats for ladies another without visible physical n! In fact, I dare say that ninety- cent of the audience put him down AS *kster or sleight-of-hand performer. M tion, however (as I was at a period ¥ facing the “unknown” was_in- tote ‘), was that there must be some- thi this—if only I had the intelligence rstand it! —Bradford Hearn, 5ANC. Off-Band Operation 984 Memorial Drive Cambridge, Mass. ST * read with interest the various nications in QST concerning the op- eration of amateur transmitters outside of he al wavebands I am prompted to ex- » feelings in a somewhat different fall amateur radio was almost elim- AUGUST, 1928 : inated by the International Radio Confer- ence and it is only due to the valiant efforts of officials of the A.R.R.L. and others that we retain the privilege of operating our stations. Operation according to law is not only to our individual advantage but is our duty to our fellow amateurs and those who struggled so hard to have us recognized as a worthy class who deserved a place in the crowded spectrum. Promises were made or implied by those who saved us that our sta- tions would be operated in accordance with the regulations set down by the Conference, and the great majority of them are, Off band operation whether willful or acciden- tal is carried on by only a very small per- centage of the amateurs of the country, but every station which does so brings dis- credit on, and endangers the status of all the rest. It is a truly laudable spirit which prompts us to protect our fellows who are guilty of such violations, but is it for the greatest good of the greatest numbers? We won what we did at the Conference only by a very small margin and it behooves us to guard well what we have earned. No other radio service would expect to carry on re- peated operation in violations of its license without disciplinary action; and these other services demonstrated to the satisfaction of the powers that be that they have a greater right to the air than we amateurs. I favor a much stricter application of the law to amateur stations than there is at present, It is to be assumed, if not from confidence in human nature alone at least in view of the difficulty of proving any- thing to the contrary, that all off-band op- eration is accidental and due to careless- ness. I do not believe that the carelessness of a few should be permitted to endanger the status of the majority. I believe that a single repetition of off-band operation aft- er a warning by a properly authorized sta- tion constitutes sufficient reason for sus- pension of the station’s license, and fur- ther, I think it is the duty of the A.R.R.L. to report such violations to the Supervisor of Radio concerned. The officials of the League got us what we have and we should back them up in helping the vast majority keep it against the carelessness of a few who have little re- gard for the rights of others. —Harris Fahnestock, Jr., 1BBO.

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per- itry, dis- F all hich are the We y by s to ther re- onse ther n of ater of 3 at rom 2ast ny- egs- 1ess ger ita aft- sta- us- ur- » sor hat in nst Tre- The Mershon Con- denser gives a very large capacity in a very small space. Is self-healing in case of puncture, and is un- affected by changes in temperature, or by moisture. Expert radio amateurs used the Mershon Condenser for more than six years in their trans- mitting equipment. Today the Mershon Condenser is_ being widely used over the whole coun- try in connection with electrical radio sets, whether new AC tubes are used, or battery sets are at- tached to house current thru the use of Eliminators. Send for Your Free Copy of Thiv Book.... The AMRAD Corporation Medford Hillside, Mass. Please send a copy of your new book on the MERSHON CONDENSER, show- ing hook-ups and designs. Name_------ Dddeete..cacoceosessooses oreo" Say You Saw It In QQ S T

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No Grid Leak Interference with the Bradleyunit-B Resistor 1 RADLEYUNIT-B solid-molded i) istors eliminate the noise nterference in radio circuits i byinferiorgrid leaks. Oscillo- tests show the Bradleyunit-B emarkably quiet in operation. Bradleyunit-B Fixed Resistor le of a special, uniform. mix- ture, baked and solid-molded at high e. This creates a solid, uni- it, providing a constant e regardless of voltage used. manufacturers are assured of urately calibrated resistor will retain its initial rating itely iLCLy. For Radio Manufacturers arkable solid-molded resistors tically unaffected by moisture, lepending on a glass enclosure tection. lleyunit-B is furnished with or tinned leads for soldering. Made n 500 ohms to 10 megohms. radleyunit Resistors are also to meet your specifications. lley Co., 277 Greenfield Ave. Milwaukee, Wis. oS Resistors | Say You Saw It In QST 741 47 Street, Milwaukee, Wis, Editor, QST: I want to express my approvel of the Editorial in the June QST on the use of amateur waves by commercial interests, One need only glance down the pages of a Call Book to see the many amateur calls assigned to stations whose real place is in a commercial band. Many of these sta. tions communicate with amateurs and more do not. Among the latter are stations op- erated by oil companies, light and power companies and automobile manufacturers, Let’s get these usurpers out of our bands, We are cramped enough for space ourselves and there are channels allotted for those services. In regard to off-wave operation I think very highly of the idea of publishing off- wave station calls in QST. 9DSG is right when he says that an inaccurate wavemeter id just as inaccurate when used to check a received signal as when it is used to check the transmitter. Even so the off-wave list will be long enough if we just report the stations that are below NKF and NAA and above WIR and WIZ in the 80 and 40 meter bands. So let’s get all the commercials out of our bands and all the amateurs back into them. —W. T. Schultrich, 9CDT. Long Beach, Cal. Editor, QST: We hear of freakish results—sometimes not so freakish—when a station QSO’s with a fraction of a watt. It has also been fairly well established that a _ re-radiated wave from guy wires, gutter pipes adjacent to wiring etc. may have a fraction of a watt output, A receiving set (which generates har- monics all of its own) can easily receive signals on its third harmonic, thus being sensitive to signals which might be the fourth harmonic of a transmitter. Recently, the writer heard a fifth district station on 32 meters QSO a New Zealand station. Upon sending a card the five wrote me an unpleasant reply stating that he was on 40 meters. The next time this five was heard his statement was checked and truly he was on 40, but with a perfectly readable signal right on the New Zealander’s wave. Quite possibly the signal was caused from re-radiation from the receiving antenna tuned to the NZ station. I mention this example for the benefit of those wishing an “Outside the Band” list of calls heard. —Don C. Wallace, 6AM. - It Identifies You and Helps Q S T 1 ie

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eet, , Wis, f the ise of ‘rests, ; of a Calls is in » Sta- more iS Op- )OWer urers, ands, selves those think r off- right neter ck a ‘heck e list t the and neter it of into DT. -ach, imes with been ated cent watt har- eive eing the rict and rote was was uly ible ive, rom nna of list CARDWELL CONDENSERS Che Cest Of Time S PROVEN THAT ‘Cardiol ‘Condensers are BASICALLY RIGHT - RUGGED~ STRONG~ ow YEARS preferred over all others by the foremost Amateurs, Exper- imenters and Engineers. (No gold plate, no funny doodabs, but ALL con- denser, built to last for the life of your installation and longer, and to give you the utmost in service and efficiency. ero *BALANCET” (midget) CONDENSERS High, Medium and Low Voltage TRANSMITTING CONDENSERS (Standard and to order) RECEIVING CONDENSERS CYo “One for every tube and purpose” LITERATURE UPON REQUEST The Allen D. Cardwell #anufacturing Corp. 81 Prospect Street B’klyn, N. Y. “THE STANDARD OF COMPARISON” a M. Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps QS T

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Increase Your Radio Enjoyment B; eplacing each tube in your h a new Cunningham Radio u are sure of clear, reson- You are virtually giving and energy to your radio, u thereby increase your joyment. a D use old or inferior tubes v ew ones—use new tubes s1¢ AL. & for the name CUNNINGHAM e Orange and Blue carton ... E. T. CUNNINGHAM, Inc. New | Chicago San Francisco M i under rights, patents and inventions trolied ty Radio Corporation of America, Say You Saw It In QS T Is This Operating? Lake Bay, Alaska. Editor, QST: I am a long-suffering type of person and it has taken me a long while to get “haired- up” to the point of writing about some of this lid practice in the amateur bands. In the first place, who was the crank that coined the idea that in calling a station you should send your own call once after pound- ing out the other fellow’s call for ten min- utes? Here at Lake Bay my apartment happens to be my office also. Recently I was listening to a sixth district station (call withheld, though he deserves worse) calling a nine. I counted the 9ARA’s com- ing from this fellow’s key—five, six, seven, eight, until finally I reached up above my desk and grabbed a counting machine I use on the job. When the six had ceased pound- ing his key, and I my counting machine, the figures showed that 139 consecutive 9ARA’s had been transmitted before the six signed once. Now, gentlemen, if that’s operating I’m St. Peter’s brother. Let’s prepare a nice chopped-up razor-blade pudding for these fellows, Evert Rodenhouse, 7ADP. ——_ _ e@e Calls Heard (Continued from Page 61) nz-WUCG, Cpl. E. J. Day, Hdgtrs. Bty., Ist. C. A., Fort de Lesseps, Z. (20 meters) lbms latr lfv lvw Iiblk 1jj ldy lqh Ipd 2bxr 2gp 2aqs 2ag 2bbx 2buo 3ke 3aek 4dt 4acp 4ace 4ck 4bn 5aq 5uk 6uf 6eze 6esj 6av!l 6dz Taij 8css Sbyn S8be 8dod 8cpce 8adm 8gz 8bd 9ejq 9fbw. (40 meters) laxx Inu 2blr 2ama 2bla 2bwr 2qc 2xec 2ty 2uo Sanh 3au 3aim 4vh 4ch 4px 4dacv 4hk 2crb 5ary 5afx 6cezz 6cex 6dzk 6dh 6lo 6ey 6ax 6ju 6app 6ewk 6dca 8do S8bta Srh S8dtp 9dfj 9eco 9dop Yaez Ybzz 9fsi Ybeu 9aey wuaq. (23 meters) ne-2ce np-4sa eg-5kl eg-5vl ei-lgw ef-8orm. (33 meters) nm-lIrz nm-9a nn-Inne nn-lInic nq-7cex nq-7cf nq- 5ea ns-lfmh nr-2ags eg-7cew ei-ldy sc-2ah se-2jm sl- cos oa-4nw oa-8dj oz-2ac ef-8btr op-lbj oh-6xk. ed-7XX, H. Glistrup, Fredericiagade 10, Copenhagen, Denmark, (40 meters) lakd lave laus Ibhm lerd Ifs lie lom Irf lwv 2acn 2agw 2ak 2auh 2bdh 2bf 2cei 2ewm 2cxn 2dp 2fz 2mx 3aal 3afa 3amx 3anh 3ayz 3ee 3ua 4abw 4daeb S8dts 8djf. eg-5HS, M. F. J. Samuel, 16 Blenheim Rd., London, N. W. 8, England. (20 meters) lahi lakm lav! Ibsu 2aon 2bdr 2cuq 3bjm 3hf 4hn 4io 4nl 5acl 5afb 5afx 5atm 5bauz Bbavs 5axo 5bam 5Bbh 5dk 5Sdv 5pt 5Sre 5sw Sta 5uk 5yb Gadp 6agr 6ahs 6alw 6azs 6bhgev 6bq 6bzf 6ecl 6Geuc 6cyx 6ezq 6dbo 6dev 6dhj 6dor 6fh 6ih 6ju 6of 6uf Tacs Tafo Jago Taij Tef Tek 7fe Tif Tmo Tmx 8ccq Sef] 8clp 8did 9alz 9auu Yavp 9bjp 9bmx Y9bnd Ybp! Y9bay Yche Ycrd 9bdj 9djh 9dqu 9drd 9dxp Yecl Yef Yefz Yekw Yhm 9mn na-7ady na-7mn ne-2al ne-2be ne-3es ne-3fe ne- 4ct ne-4dq ne-4fv ne-5aw ne-5ep nh-ca nr-2fg af-kol ai-2kt ai-2kw aq-llm as-o3ra fo-lsr fo-a3z fo-a4f fo- a7n fo-a9a oa-2jy oa-2re oa-2rz oa-2sh oa-2uk oa-3bq It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

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& F P Attained by Using red- . i Frequency Meters that aa A radically new type of frequency measuring instrument de- =e signed expressly for the new amateur bands effective —_ January, 1929. lent y I Quoting Hiram Percy Maxim, President A.R.R.L.: 10N “If somebody were to ask you the question, ‘What is the big outstanding problem se) in amateur radio today’?, what would you reply? It was asked me the other om- day. I had given the matter considerable thought, so I was ready with my reply. en, My answer was, ‘Frequency precision’.” my That’s the problem, fellow amateurs, but are you going to do precision work with- use out precision measuring equipment? Your new transmitter and your new receiver nd- cannot be designed to operate within the new lawfully assigned bands unless you ne, use an accurate frequency meter. Your old wavemeters are useless. Obsolete!! Ive Why? In most cases the new 7000 to 7300 Ke. band (old 40 meter band) is SIX crowded into 5 to 10 divisions on the dial. It won’t be so many meters any more, , but it will be so many kilocycles. You will eventually specify your QRH in ae frequency. ice : : ; : >se REL is again pioneering for the good and welfare of amateur radio. The Pp new line of amateur frequency meters deserves the critical attention of everyone interested in amateur radio. REL is presently developing new transmitters, new receivers, new coils and condensers. Watch for their an- nouncements in the coming issues of QST. A., gp bn be uo Illustrating how the 7000 to fx 7300 K.C. frequency meter is 7 Me ca coupled to the external fre- Illustrating the 3500 to eu quency meter indicator. 4000 K.C. frequency me- ter. Separate frequency meters are designed for each band. q- 1. Me ADVANCE DATA ON FREQUENCY METERS Cat. No. 173 Frequency Meter, 3500 to 4000 K.C. (85 to 75 meters) PRICE $15.00 Cat. No. 177 Frequency Meter, 7000 to 7300 K.C. (42.8 to 41.0 meters) PRICE $15.00 ie Cat. No. 178 Frequency Meter, 14000 to 14400 K.C. (21.4 to 20.8 meters) PRICE $15.00 z Cat. No. 179 Frequency Meter, 28000 to 30000 K.C. (10.7 to 10.0 meters) PRICE $15.00 . Each frequency meter is individually calibrated from a Piezo crystal controlled standard. — New Uniquely designed Coils and Condensers—Highly sensitive independent resonance indi- ., cator circuit. (Flashlight lamps, Neon tubes, hot wire meters, and galvonometers cannot be used to sharply indicate resonance on the new narrow amateur bands). Indicator produces no change of calibration. Large calibration curves allow accurate readings to within 1/10 of 1%. n Supplied with one original and one blueprint curve sheet. os : n Cat. No. 180 Frequency Meter Indicator. } : PRIC E $16.00 r These are supplied with Weston milliampere meters and crystal rectifiers constituting the most 1 sensitive resonance indicators known. D i RADIO ENGINEERING LABORATORIES ) : 100 Wilbur Avenue Long Island City, N. Y. 5 CERES Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

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How to Select a Resistor FE ERY radio engineer is confronted by two rtant questions when he selects aresistor accurate is it?” and “How long will it ain its accuracy under the average load?” € resistor answers these two with perfect n, all other questions are unnecessary. w Hardwick, Field, Inc., answer them: Har-field Resistors can be supplied 1 as accurate as plus or minus | %. wish. nder average load conditions, all ar-field Resistors are guaranteed to aintain the accuracy your order specifies. Resistors are madein either vitreous r specially coated cement finish. Tellus resistor you want and let us send you with prices. Write HARDWICK, FIELD, INC. $A E FACTORY 122 Greenwich $ “ 215 Emmett St. New k City \~ WIRE-WOUND Newark, W. J; 5) RESISTORS Pep Up Your Set With X-L Products Tune quickly--adjust accurately—eliminate distract- Mod Var ing n s--get correct tube oscillation--with X-L VAR ENSERS in your circuit. Desi n fall latest and best circuits specify and endo MODE ® \ r eter adjustment easily made, assures exact ned radio frequency circuits, Neutrodyne ning- Drake Silver's Knockout. Capacity r Price $1.00. MODE the proper grid capacity on Cockaday cir- ‘ te frequency tuning in super-heterodyne n all sets Capacity r t 0001 Mfd. Model G Mid Model G-10 .0003 Price each with grid clips $1.50 x-1 ST NEW! Bakelite Insulated I r thumb, insert wir miy held Vibra instantly. Price each FREE k of wiring dia sr X-L units in all pop G vin Aperiodie De r t any set; adds a X-L PUSH ng trols Write - POST X-L. RADIO LABORATORIES, Dept. BD, 1224 Belmont Ave., Chicago, Ilinois t hoots ‘em clean across. A _ peculiar, that lifts ‘em clear of the jam—gets Mercury Automatic Starting, Ar ‘ Trouble-Free. A Rectifier unce. Just write and your Rectifier ECTIFIER ENGINEERING SERVICE kwood Rd Radio 8ML, Cleveland, Ohio Say You Saw It In QS T oa-3cp oa-3de oa-3gr oa-3hl oa-3jo oa-3tm oa-4nw oa-4rb oa-5bw oa-5cm oa-5dx oa-5hg oa-5wh ohb- 6alm oh-G6avl oz-lfe oz-2uc oz-2ae oz-2bx oz-3aj oz-4ae oz-4am sa-fc6 sa-da9. S.S. DROMORE CASTLE, New York City to Cape Town, South Africa, via 2CUF. Operator Clyde Townsend, care the Union-Castle Mail Steamship Co., 26 Broadway, New York City. New York to 500 miles South East. lacv lalb Ibqt Igh 2asr 2axk 2bck 2blx 2box 2cgr 2rs B3adp 3aqz 3bel 3bns 3dq 3mb 4daep 4bk 4dt 4el 4jd 4ky 4st 4tg 5aut 5as 6ajv 6ard 6bam S8amt Savb Savs Sbbs 8be S8bqe S8baqr sDth Sbyw S8cau S8ccew 8cjl Scke 8csp Scsr Sdsa 8sp Yahm Y9bqe 9bsh YIemq 9cewh 9dck dea ep-laa fm-S8psrv ne-lap ne-led ne-lim ne-3gb. 500 to 1000 miles South East New York. lbms Icmt ldms led igh lew lig lim lacv lau; lae lbbl 2afr 2agu 2ama 2aub 2bck 2bdf 3adp 3afx Sajd 3arq 3bz 3ec 3ckj 4arb 4ck 4st 5aq 5gb 5box Saij Sanc Savw S8bok S8bpq S8cle 8cj 8cjl Seqi Sexe Sezr Sdtp S8kq 8kz 8th 9aez 9axx 9bbk 9bsh Ybzz 9ewy 9ds 9dxi pems Yenm Yfby 9fdz 9kz 9mn ne-lae ne-lap ne-iar ne-leo ne-2cw ne-3ag ne-3be ne-3bk ne-3ce ne-3cj ne-3de ne-3gn ne-3rb ne-9al nm-2kr nm-S8ag nn-lnic. 1000 to 2000 miles S. E. New York. lahx lawm lenz lex lgh Isi 2ag 2ama 2aub 2bck 2bek 2buy 2cxl 2tr 2up 3adp 3afx 3bns 3bnu 3mv 3wm 4dac 4darb 4kw 4pa 4pj 4wm bas 6ard 7ail Sapn Savp Sbaf &beq Sbrh &8cj Sdet S8dmn 8ge Yahj 9arm 9axx Sbv 9cd Yelb Yezb Offj 9kz eb-4tm ee-earo ef-Saxq eg-2cc ep-las ep-lbx ep-3am ne-3es nn-lnic xe-51. 2000 to 2500 miles S. E. New York lagg laxq lbed lbw lbwm lesx l1fq 1Ikh 1Ilmk Imx 2adb 2aem 2ans 2atq 2bdf 2ber 2cf 2cuf 2dge 2he 2kh 2ow 2qh 3adb 3adp 3ag 3anh 3aog 3apq 3bnu 3cdu 3cp 3cuq 3ee 3tm 4bl 4dt 4fs 4io 4pu 4ta 5afg 5ats 5aue 5azw 5jx 6aau 6adv G6cbp 6dfv 6dtl Git Taat Taku Sadm Sajv Sano S8baf S8beu 8brh 8cj Yabz Yant 9bq 9bk!l 9dxm 9ezh byz dnse eb-4da eb-4fb eb-4rp eco ec-2yd ee-ear44 ee-ear65 ef-8fs ef-8cl ef-S8ez ef-8edb ef-8lb ef-8rit eg-2bj eg-2cc eg-2yy eg-2sw eg-5ims eg-5xq eg-6dr eg-Ghp eg-6rb eg-6rm eg-6wy ei-igl smua en-owy ep-laa ep-lbv ep-lbx et-2ua eu-ora eu- 8frm fm-Sags gw-l14b ne-2bb ne-2bj ne-2bw ne-3bm ne-8he. 2500 to 3000 miles S. E. New York. larv lawm Ibif 2agw 2ama 2aoj 2ber 2bt 2bez 2ckk 2cuf 2cuq 2k] 2mb 2uo 2wi 3aed 3dh Sac Sbal Scfw 8im 8pz as-4ap byz eb-4tm eb-4wx ed-7fr ed-7jo ed-7mt ed-7w ee-ear44 ef-Saa ef-Sez ef-8zou ef-8Ib eg-lbx eg-2cc eg-2sc eg-6br eg-6rm_ ei-lgl en-ofp gi-2it np-4as rku sefe sqel sb-1b wiz wik xep luu. 3000 to 5000 miles S. E. New York. labz laje laqi lary lawm ibqs Icid 1cmx 1d lic Imk Inq lap lw] 2apd 2azs 2bda 2bxr 2cuf 2cuq 2exl 2cyx 2czr 2dg 2efz 2ek 2ep 2je 2mq 2rs 2vd 2wi 3afx 3anf 3anh 3aq 3auv 3bmz 3bnu 3ew 3ua 4ck 4ea 4uk 5acl 6ads Tyd Sake Sbou Sbsf S8ezg Rdbe Sdkt 8dme Sdrg &kq 8lj 8ve 9apv 9chz Yeaj Yerh 9fs 9fgp afk asra-o3 asra-83 byz byb eb-4wx ef-8cc ef-8fg eg-2cc eg-5xy fz fw-3 gbk ekt glq ne-lad ne-lak ne-3zd oic oip poj ptm pjn rza sb-lah sb-law sb-lid sb-2ax sb-2az sb-3qaa skd su-loa 5000 to 6800 miles (Capetown) S. E. New York laao laje laqa lasr lbav lbym lbux Icmt Icemx lgh igw lom Ip] iwl 2afx 2aha 2ajb 2anh 2ari 2ass 2ate 2atq 2avh 2avp 2bav 2bdf 2bkf 2btq 2cz 2enm 2ex! 2cyx 2dg 2ih 2mb 2rs 2ty 2xo 3ahl 3alq 3anh 3blp 3bno 3bre 3cc 3cjn 3ckl 3ef 3pf 3wj 3wm 4acd 4aeb 4ar 4cc 4ck 4io 4mc 4pd 4ut 4vl 5ayb Tby Sab Safq Sajv Sake Sath Sayu &bko S8box 8ccw 8ent &ctx Scevo S8dem S8dod Sdpa Sdph &dpo Sez 8gz She Sli 8lx 8vg 9ack 9ave Yavz 9bre Ycaf Yciv Yds YIdhe 9dng 9dvw 9ez Yeaj Yepge Yerh Yeve Bhi 9hj Yxi Y9za agb byz cfh eb-4rk ec-2aa ef-Sez ef-8fr ef-8fx eg-lby eg-2kf eg-2nh eg-20d eg-2se eg-5bl eg-5by eg-5ku eg-5le eg-5ml eg-5qh eg-5uw eg-5yk eg-5yx eg-6hp eg-6wi ei-lcr ei-ldy ej-7dd en-orz ep-laa es-2nm_ fo-5srb fo-a6k fo-a8d fo-a32 fq-pm fwz fy gbj gkt gjzt hva-l jha jan kio kzet ne-lap np-4sa ocdj pech pkh ptm poj pepp perr sa-3de sb-laa sb-lah sb-lai_ sb-lar sb-law sb-lbi sb-lbo sb-lcl sb-ldx sb-lid sb-2ah sb-2aj sb-2ax sb-2ay sb-2az sb-5bf sc-7aa_ su-lfb su-lna. eg-6YL Miss. B. Dunn, Stock, Essex, England (40 meters) lbeb lboi Imk lvs livt 2aad 2bih 2blj 3aba 3akb Sanh 3ec 4abz 4dacv 4ck 4oo Sair Sath Q9afx Yavp It Identifies You and Helps Q S T I I ‘ a ‘ k

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a-4nw h oh- oz-3aj Cape > Mail ty. . 2egr k 4dt samt Sccw 9emq c-lim laus Safx 5box Sexe 9bzz ic-lae 1c-3bk m-2kr 2bek 3bnu 1 Tail 9ahj »-earo 1-lnic lmx ec 2kh 3cedu ; Baue Taku t Sbq »D eco -8gdb y-5ms ei-lgl a eu- +-3bm 2bez Sbal “l-7 jo ef-8lb n-ofp ll lie 2cuq | 2rs 3ew Sezg Serh f-Ree c-lak ib-1lid rk lemx 2ari 1 2ez 3alq 3wm » Thy Scnt She 9dhe i Oza r-lby gz-5le y-6 wi -5srb hva-l ptm b-lar >-2ah u-ifb ind 3akb 9avp AKERS OF VOICE HIS new Receiver marks the success of long experimentation by Strom- berg-Carlson engineers in producing a Receiver having the convenience and simplicity of A.C. tubes and retaining all the glorious tone quality for which Stromberg-Carlsons have long been celebrated. Handsome in cabinet work —a beautifully grained Ameri- can Walnut; extremely sensi- tive; highly selective and producing fine volume over Listen to the Strombere- Carlson Sextette Tuesday evenings at 8 o'clock Eastern Daylight Time, through the NBC oe Associated moj WJZ WBZ-WBZA, WJR, WSB, WBAL, WHAM, WwW REN, WTMJ. DKA. KYW, KWK, KOA. WBT. KVOO, WFAA, WOAL WMC, WHAS, KPRC. the entire tuning meters to 550 meters it provides a re- markable instrument at a very reason- able price. As in other Stromberg -Carlsons provision is made for reproduction of No. 635 Stromberg-Carlson Treasure Chest. Price, less tubes $185. Slightly higher prices Rockies and West, and Canada. berg-C arlson range from 200 phonograph records. It is totally shielded, tunes with a single selector {illuminated }, is entirely self contained and operates from any 60-cycle A. C. house lighting circuit, using no batteries or liquids, Every new Stromberg-Carlson has handy jack to facilitate playing Phonograph records. STROMBERG-CARLSON Linden eeaenaieeniaaes Co. Say You Saw It In QS T ROCHESTER, romber¢-Carlson TRANSMISSION AND VOICE RECEPTION APPARATUS FOR MORE THAN THIRTY YEARS - It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

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Dad>o>o bebe b bdo > bebe d-d- >= de de>=pe>= >= >e pe There Has Never Been Radio Like This Before Balkite Radio IN CABINETS BY Berkey & Cay FANSTEEL PRODUCTS COMPANY, Inc. NORTH CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 5 ee ee eS eS eS es inners / ntS/ sy ee Stude The TELEPLEXCode Sender will make you proficient in code prac- tice — both sending and receiving, in half the usual time. This is the only instrument that HNeproduces ac- tual sending of expert operaters. Sends mes- sages, radiograms,etc. — regular code traffic at any desired speed Endorsed by U.S. Navy and leading Technical and Tele- graph Schools. Complete Set of Rec- ord | apes( Wireless or » Morse) for begin- ners and advanced students furnished with the Tele- — Remem- er, only the Teleplex pro- vides practice when, where and how you want it. rite for booklet RL. Ph ph Motor Teleplex Co., 76 Cortlandt St., New York, N.Y. Freshman Power Transformers Complete Power Supply for 210 Transmitter or Power Amplifier. Supplies Plate Voltage of 375 Volts, Filament Voltages of 7!4volts (Center tap- ped) for 210 and 281 tubes, also “C” Bias for 210. SPECIAL $3.00 Ea. AMERICAN SALES CO., 19-21 Warren St., N. Y. City 70 Say You Saw It InQS - 9cfg 9dck 9dsz ne-3bm ne-Sae el-la2b xel-aww em- smus em-smzf em-sdk fk-lpq em-shm ep-laa ep-3fz xep-luu eu-ra8y fi-lta fm-Sags wsbs. ne-5aj ne-5at ne-5au ne-5cj ne-5dn ne-5ef ne-5fk ne-5go ne-5gt ne-5hp ne-5go ne-8ae ng-uf nj-2pz nm-9a nn-Inic np-4oi nq-2ac nq-2pt nq-3jt nq-5ev nq-7cx nr-2ea nr-2fg nr-cto ee-ear35 ed-7bl aq-llm_ ef-8tc op-llg ne-3kp. Graham G. Hall, 49 Studley Rd., Ivanhoe, Victoria, Australia 2 ayj 2rg 4rn 5rj 5ke 6ea 6al 6uk Gam 6Gbfp Tar Sas 9dng 9dws 9efk 9cub Yapr Yavj oh-6bhl oh-6dud oo-bam oo-laj oz-lan oz-2aj oz-2aq oz-2ay oz-2aw oz-3al oz-3av oz-3aw oz-3az oz-4aa oz-4ao op-lhr od-pkl aj-ltt af-hva eb-4ar eb-4ft ef-Sla sc-3as. Alfred Huppertsberg, Essen, Albrechtstrasse 26, Germany 32-45 Meters laae laba labn lalr lanz laq laqt lavk lavj lbvl lbbn lcer lenz lhra lih 1lx Imv loo 2agn 2atk 2aqz 2aub 2avw 2cer 2cug 2jc 2mb 2qt 2pa 2sm 2rfg 2rs 2sif 2ues 2vi 2we 2vd 2xaf 3acv 3auv 3apx Sanh 3bq 3cf~g 3dh 3iua 3que 3wj 4acv 4bl 4ea dig 4jm 4po 4oo 4si 4we 8exd &ctl Sdel Sdme 9crd nq-5cx nq-5fe sa-en8 sb-lbv sb-lea sb-leg sb-lev sb-2ag sb-2af sb-2aj sb-2ar sb-2as fq-ocya fq-pm as-35ra. G. M. Grening, Operator S.S. Christobal, KMD, Address nu-8CZQ Heard between Port au Prince, Haito, and Christobal, N. Z., middle of June Ickp 2apu 2bfu 2bxr 2cxl 2dn 2lx 3aaj 3aob 3arh S3auv 3auw 3ez 3ec ve3hi 3mk 3pf 3sm 4ac 4cf 4hk 4pd 4ro 4tk 4vl 5acl 5aqt 5baj 5bj 5lo 5qo 5uk 5we Gaak 6aij 6ap Gawa Gazy 6bf G6bzr 6col 6dko 6dql 6drr 6djw 6dye 6eah 6uc S8aff Sbbs 8bbl 8bpu Scnh 8dbg S8hd Spk 9ban 9bjl 9cf Ycph 9dnd Yeld Yla YI1f 9so 9xi oh-6dud. 9DWE, John C. Bailey, 735 Middle Drive, Woodruff Place, Indianapolis, Ind. 20 Meters laac lakz lame lasu lawe laxp lbbm Ibf lbw Ime inf los lqv iIrd lluz l1xi Ixp Ixv l1zz 2aiw 200 2vs 2xad 4aba 4sq 5air 5ba 6Gaat Gafn Gagr 6ahs 6amn 6ano 6avp 6ayi 6bf 6blp 6bhoa 6bto 6cbp 6cby 6ecl 6ceeq Gche 6col 6cpx 6esj 6eub 6ezq 6Geyx 6eze 6dgeq 6dkq 6dmk 6dti 6dzd 6dor fea Gef 6of 600 6pn 6uf 6xi 6zzd Tabg Tabh Tacs Tadd 7Tdp Ter Thx Tne jnr Tmv Tur 7vh 7vq 7vz eb-4au ef-Sfe ef-Sfr ef-Sorm eg-5ma ep-laa fq-ocd] na-7aeb na-7to ne-lad ne-lar ne-lbt ne-lco ne-ler ne-ldm ne-2al ne-2am ne-3mp ne-4be ne-4dq ne-4¢b ne-4ed ne-4gg¢ ne-4ha ne-4hh ne-4mp ne-5cp ne-Sae ne-Swge nm-cyy nm-27a nm-9a nm-Ing nn-Inic np-4ags np-4je np-4sa nq-kp nr-2fg ns-ceg sb-law sb-2ar sb-2az sc-3ac as-3ak _ se-lfb oh-6alm oh-6clj oh-Gdki oh-Gdvg oz-2ae wnp perr kzt whnu wet. 40 Meters Ixv 2azu 2be 2tf 4dadn 4oo 4ut 4zx 5aot 5gr rg 5sj 5Svh 6afs 6agr 6akm G6akv 6amn 6aow 6aqm 6ato Gatq Gatu Gave 6avj 6awy 6azm 6bbn 6bf 6bep 6bet 6bhv 6bhy 6ble 6blh 6blj 6bmo 6bvb 6bxt Gcbp 6cegek 6ehq 6chv 6ceqa 6cqo 6cty 6cul 6cexw 6eyx 6Gezt bezx 6dbe 6dch 6dfe 6dfe 6dfv 6dh 6die 6dje 6dln 6dlo 6dmw 6dad 6dre 6dt 6dtt 6gu 6ha 6id 6li 6mu 6nk 6nw 6pd 6qi 6qo 6sw 6vge 6wk 6ya 6zbe Tacj Tact Tadg fafo 7afq Tafu Tagj Tago Tbax Teg Tej 7fe Tfj Tad 7ef Tzep Tmv Tus eb-4aw ef-8dmf ek-4oa_ ep-laa ep-3am fl-lab fo-a3m fo-a4l ne-laa ne-lae ne-lbr ne-2an ne-2be ne-2ca ne-2ew ne-3ad ne-4bl ne-4cem ne-4fh ne-4fk ne-4hs ne-5ef ne-5go ne-9bz ne-9ai nd-hik ne-Sae np-4aan np-4sa nq-2cf nq-2jt nq-2la nq-2ro nq-5by nq-5ex naq-5ev nq-5fl nq-7ex nq-Scu nr-2ags nr-2ea nv-adg sa-cb8 sa-ii8 sb-lao sb-law sb-lbg sb-lca sb-lcl sb-lid sb-2ah sb-2ap_ sb-2ax sb-2ay sc-2as sd-pda ss-5bx sb-5bf sb-7ab. 6AD, 6346 Drexel Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 20 Meters lakm lawe ibw Ifs Iry Ipd 2ag 2alw 2avg 2avz 2bbx 2bir 2cedm 2cft 2ep 2kx 2ox 2tp 2vi 3ac 3aqi 3aqm 4to 5Bawd 5bf Sta 5ts Tabg Taij 7akj 7fe 7mx 8acm Sagy Saoc Savp 8bbl 8be S8baf 8bzl Scew 8ced Scug Sdbm &deg 8dfw S8din S8djv 8dod 8dpo Skr Yaon 9aqh 9asb 9bfb 9bay Ybya Ycerv Yesr Ydfb Ydon Yebb Yehd 9ez 9fai 9fnh 9fnz 9hi 9hm Yxi ne-4dq ne-4ha ne-5ep oh-6alm 6avl 6eat 6dey sc-3ag wnp. It Identifies You and Helps Q S T sm 9 =>

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2rs sanh 4jm -5ex -2ag ybal, sarh 4hk owe 6dql enh 9lf ruff lbw aiw ahs iby CZC 6pn Tne rm lar mp thh 9a ifb kzt org ato yhv “hq ibe nw nw dg ‘gd aa |br cm Dai la cu ax vz im 1g nd op new! THORDARSON R-300 AUDIO TRANSFORMER A superior audio transformer that will satisfy the most critical musical ear. The high impedance windings of the R-300 are wound on a core of D-X Metal, a re- cent development of the Thordarson lab- oratory. This new core material has an exceedingly high A.C. permeability, and an inductance that is 50% greater than that of the highest grade silicon steel In performance, this transformer re- sponds exceptionally well to the lower frequencies and provides the same de- gree amplification to the diapason of the grand organ as to the note of the flute. Ratio 3:1. Dimensions, 21/2” x 21/2” x 3” high. Weight, 2 Ibs, Price, $8.00. In Most of The Bouter ‘Radio Receiver? Watch dogs of tone quality safeguarding the musical reproduction of broadcast programs, Thordarson Audio Transformers do their part in making real musical instruments of hundreds of thousands of re- ceiving sets annually. Among leading set manufacturers, Thordarson trans- formers have long been recognized for their fidelity of reproduction. Today their use is so universal that it is difficult to find a dealer who does not sell at least one make of receiver so equipped. Try this simple experiment. Ask your dealer for a demonstration of his receivers. Pick out the instru- ment with the most natural reproduction, and then look inside the cabinet. You will find, in the majority of cases, Thordarson amplifying and power supply transformers. You will realize that it is wise to specify Thordarson amplification when buying your receiver, for the manufacturer who is far-seeing enough to equip his sets with Thordarson transformers, may be depended upon to have the balance of his instrument in keeping with this high standard. HORDARSON RADIO TRANSFORMERS uprems musical performance THORDARSON ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING co. wo OLDEST AND LARGEST EX (CLUSIVE Th TRANSFORMER MAKERS uron and Kingeluiry Streets ~ Chicago lil.USA, Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps eee ee QsT

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Centralab Smooth Dependable Volume Controls is are now ccnceuc. by radio one of the most essential parts vers So much of the success of a of reception—is dependent upon Volume Controls assure absolute control—a big factor in satisfac- This smoothness of Centralab Con- from the tilting dise construction— I contacts in the electric circuit. A Volume Control, in one of the many ideal for any set. Many prc ninent pecify them. They are in de- for replacement on old sets. Wire-wound Resistors will give bet- regulation of power supply units. tion is heat-proof and warp-proot for greater current§ carrying Centralab Heavy Duty Potentio- additional feature—they are non- W mplete descriptions, prices, etc., of Controls and other Radio \ me CENTRAL RADIO LABORATORIES Milwaukee, Wis Hic e e, public address systems, etc. Prir Microphone Transformer, $10.00 A New Standoff Insulator Hams. 2'4 inches high, price No. 60, the new one, is similar, but 454 inches high and with ribbed surface. Splendid for high voltages, lead-in bushings, supporting antenna and ground lead, etc. Price 60c. F. F. JOHNSON CO., Waseca, Minnesota The Ideal “Mike” for any purpose, broadcast or ama- , t Two button 1 type, priced at only $40.00. Split No. 20 is already used by thousands of RADIO SCHOOL Term Sept. 10 Catalogue Free MASSACHUSETTS RADIO and TELEGRAPH SCHOOL 18 Boylston St. Boston, Mass. Say You Saw ItIn QST 40 Meters lajx lakd lamu laus lawv lIbqs Ibvl led Ieje lemp Iemx lga lgw lic lle lmk Imo Imr Irp 2afa 2afr 2age 2ag] 2agp 2ags 2ald 2ans 2apd 2aqk 2avr 2bda 2ber 2bff 2beq 2bhi 2bhr 2bic 2bke 2bse 2by 2bvg 2bw 2cuq 2cxl] 2dh 2hr 2le 2mt 2pg 2uq 2up 2vi 2vy 2za 3afg 3age 3ahl 3als 3ark 3arq S3auv 3cc 3cf 3ckl 3dq 3¢b 3jm 3pe 3ql 3sh 4abw 4abz daec 4aen 4bm 4bu 4cg 4hh 4hk 4hz 4io 400 4si 4wo Saaw Sabk Sac Sacu S8adq Sahm 8aig S8aij Sajq Sank S8ath Sauc S8axs S8azg 8bbs 8be Sbdm S8bg S8bjx S8baqi Sbar 8brh Sbth Sbyt S8cae 8cau Sded Seem Schk S8clq 8cqn Sesu 8ezq S8ezr 8dbe 8dem &dii Sdjf 8dkh Sdkt 8dmm Sdhu 8dnl 8dod 8dpj S8dpv 8nb 8rw 8p] 8pu ac-2al ac-2ac aj-lsk aj-ltx aj-2al aj-4bk aj-4cx aj-4dkm aj-7cb jpbe ef-8fd fo-9sra fo-a6u na-7hl ne-3kp ne-4bm ne-4cem ne-4cp ne-4gm ne-4hh ne-5aw ne-5bl ne-5bn ne-5by ne-5ef ne-5ci nm-9a nm-Irz nq-2ac nq-5ex nq-5fl r-2ags ns-lIfmh nz-30m oa-2ss oa-4pn oa-5wa oa-6sa oa-7lj oh-6xk fxl op-Ire oz-lan oz-2ab oz-2ac oz-2ae oz-2be oz-3ar oz-3az oz-4am_ sc-lAI sc-2ld se-2ah sj-5bx su-loa sv-lxe vr-1l. oo I, A. R. U. News (Continued from Page 60) headquarters wishes to express to these of- ficers, and particularly Mr. E. J. Simmonds, its great appreciation of the hard work put in by them in promoting the Union in the British Isles and in pushing to a con- clusion the selection of the R.S.G.B. as the new National Section. CHANGES IN ITALIAN SECTION In accordance with a vote similar to that of the British members, the old National Section of Italy is eliminated, and the As- sociazione Radiotecnica Italiana (A.R.I.) becomes the National Section for this coun- try. The diamond emblem of this society has existed for some time, and was shown in the May, 1927, issue of QST. Head- quarters of the society are at Viale Bianca Maria, 24, Milan, and the official organ is Il Radiogironale. GERMAN REPORT “The most important event during the last month for the EK hams was our 3rd annual convention, which took place during May 26-28th, at Dresden. “Besides 70 hams fromall parts of EK, we had much pleasure to welcome the rep- resentatives from Austria and Hungary, amongst them several FB dx-hounds. Many R10 visual QSO’s were made, and all EK’s enjoyed these days—and nights—very much. “Some resolutions might be of general interest: “1. No EK will be allowed from Ist January 1929 to use raw or even poorly rectified a.c. ; “2 The operation of the marking and spacing wave system will be strictly pro- hibited. “3. The use of the 80-meter band is highly recommended for night traffic. “A very interesting lecture and demon- stration was given by Dr. Busse, of 4AAL, assistant to Prof. Esau, on the possibili- ties of the 3-meter waves, which are likely It Identifies You and Helps Q S T |

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e of- onds, work in in con- ; the the 3rd ring EK, rep- ary, any EK’S uch. eral 1st orly and ro- \on- AL, yili- cely Faithfully reproduces every note in the register—from the lowest to the highest—with all the accidentals. Any instrument— any volume. COILS for the NEW Dynamic Speakers Again Dudlo keeps pace with Radio development in meeting the demand for special coils required by this latest trend in speakers. All wound to give that wonderful clarity of tone characteristic of Dy- namic type units. Transformer Coils—Field Coils—Choke Coils Superior insulation of Dudlo wire, highly skilled operators on the winding machines, trained engineers who are coil specialists, tremendous stocks and facilities—all contribute to make this the industry's headquarters for these new coils. DUDLO MANUFACTURING COMPANY, FORT WAYNE, INDIANA Division of the General Cable Corporation 56 Earl Street tos W. Adams St. 274 Brannan St. 4143 Bingham Ave. NEWARK, N. J. CHICAGO, ILL. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. ST. LOUIS, MO. Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

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Latest and Greatest Bug - eee No. The smooth- est, easiest- working bug onthemarket Not too fast, not too slow— al THE “ b as i st bien a right. orks ned Base $17 where others Nickel-Plated $19 can’t. Famous Im proved Vibroplex Tr Japanned Base $17 Nickel-Plated $19 —— Radio Bug th Extra Large, Heavy, ‘$25 ted Contact Points for direct ‘$25 t relay uine Vibroplex. The Vibroplex Name- Remit by Money Order or registered THE \ V VIBROPLEX CO., Inc. £25, Broséxey iddress VIBROPL EX" New York AMATEURS e Most Interesting Field for Experimenters. Light Sensitive Cells coe Ecce Their Applications PHOTO ELECTRIC CELLS used in_ Television, Telepho- Talking Movies and innumer- with:— RADIO RELAYS pecial polarized relay, a result of irch for a practical relay to be th—Light Sensitive Cells—also nnection with telegraph-print- ving time-signals and many ap- in radio. te for further information:— Photo Electric Devices, Inc., 594 Fifth Avenue Brooklyn, N. Y. Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T to have a much greater future than the 5. meter waves, apparently. It seems that these ultra short waves are not at all af- fected by shielding effects of metal build- ings, etc. Dr. Busse succeeded in QSO’ing at a distance of 100 miles on 3 meters, using 5 watts in the antenna. “Dr. W. Schmitz of 4ACI then demon- strated the development of his station from the baby days of amateur radio in Ger- many up to his very FB crystal-controlled transmitter. “4KV of Cassel made several fine QSO’s on 40 meters from a portable 5-watt trans- mitter. The station was built in his car, and the aerial was only 13 feet high. It was a Hertz type. He expects to continue his experiments, and asks all listeners to send reports via D.F.T.V. “As this will be the last report written by 4CL, who is away from EK for some time, he wants to thank all OM’s abroad for their interest and wishes them every success. 4KU and 4AN will continue in reporting on German short-wave activities. —Curt Lamm, ek4CL.” JAPAN “In the 20-meter band, OA, 0Z, NA, NU and some E stations are OK. But there are noi many active licensed stations on 20 in Japan. We are very sorry, OM’s, that JX-X stations are not allowed to use this band. “In the forty-meter band, after the mid- dle of March, 0A and 0z became QRZ, and OH almost ND. All schedules to these points have been broken. Nv is still QSA, especially from 1300 to 1400 GCT. Some EI, EF, EB and FO and FQ were heard during April, at about 2000 to 2200 G.C.T. on 32 and 37 meters. Fone from PCJJ and eg5SW was also OK. “TXAX keeps a weekly schedule with nu6HM. “JXCX is one of the best stations in Japan. “JXIX keeps weekly schedules’ with nu6HM, nu6DJW and ac8AG, with one CX-310. —K. Kasahara, ajJXIX.” It is interesting to note that Col. Foster, nu6HM, reports he heard and copied JXIX at 5:30 A.M., PST, when Kasahara was using less than one watt—90 volts on the plate, at 11 mils. “His hi-power is 10 watts, which puts R6 and R7 sigs to 6HM” writes Col. Foster. This is real low-power work.—Ed. TO ALL AMATEURS OF THE WORLD “Our government are now very keen on getting every QRA of Japanese unlicensed amateur stations, and they ask the foreign amateurs about our QRA. They are lis- tening to our QSO’s, hoping to get any clue of our QRA, So kindly don’t send our name or QRA when you are QSO with us, OM’s. “When you want to QSL to as hams, and don’t know. QRA’s, please QSL via

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the 5. s that all af- build. SO’ ing neters, lemon- . from . Ger. rolled QSO’s trans- S car, h. It itinue ars to ritten some broad every ue in rities, tCL.” J and e nov 0 in that this mid- and ‘hese ISA, some ring n 32 and with in with one iz." ster, XIX was the 'M” wer on sed ign lis- lue me {’s. ms, via Planning Next Season’s Receiver! No. 2912 What dependable, economical switches, receptacles, plugs, dial lights, etc., will you buy ? The Bryant Electric Company asks your consideration with experience of 39 years No. 2912 ‘ s and Plate in the successful manufacture of winng devices and in efficient factory production. 5 WRITE TODAY FOR A COPY OF OUR CATALOG ILLUSTRATING No. 130 AND DESCRIBING OVER THREE Cord Connector THOUSAND “SUPERIOR WIRING and K. T. Cap DEVICES.” No. 5113 Receptacle No. 3888 D.P. D.T. Flush Tumbler Switch No. 5142 Tumbler Switch No. 678 Cord Switch THE BRYANT ELECTRIC COMPANY BRIDGEPORT, CONN. New York Philadelphia Chicago Manufacturers of *‘Superior Wiring Devices" Since 1888 Manufacturers of Hemco Products San Franctsco Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

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JXAX or JXIX. They will QSR. Do not, please, write the station call on the envelope when you send your card directly to the unlicensed stations. And now, best 73’s. —AJ unlicensed hams.” The Logical Source on Parts NORTHERN IRELAND “Several new stations have appeared on the air in Northern Ireland recently, and there are now 28 licensed transmitters in this area, the great majority of these being licensed for a maximum input of 10 watts. “There has been little activity among the higher-powered stations, but several of the Filt Condensers Ser Money Order for immediate de- the items illustrated. Ask for gi6MU, THE STATION OF E. MEGAW, 3 FORT- R talogrue WILLIAM DRIVE, BELFAST, NORTHERN IRELAND, AND ONE OF THE MOST Dongan Electric Manufacturing Co. CONSISTENT OF THE N.I. LOW- POWER OUTFITS 2999-3001 Franklin St., Detroit, Mich. i TRANSFORMERS of MERIT for FIFTEEN VEARS ).. low-power men have been doing excellent — — ’ work. There seems to be some friendly rivalry between 5MO and 6YW in Belfast working on 23 meters, and 5WD and 6WG in Coleraine working on 45 meters, as to who can put up the greatest score of NU FORESIGHT stations worked. All four stations have already lengthy lists of NU QSO’s to their Says: credit with only a few watts input. Standard Apparatus for best results! “2IT is now using a Mesny circuit with two 40-watt valves on 23 meters, and re- SIGNAL PRACTICE SETS ports that it is ‘the goods.’ 6MU has been = i.) 29 Key & buzzer almost entirely QRT owing to other work, r le m Set ........ $2.70 but two nights on 20 meters resulted in . Signal Buz- about a dozen QSO’s with the Nu West SF anccece 1.25 Coast.” N Sa ee 55c —E. Megaw, gi6MU. N amel Aerial Wire per " ca ccccecceses nex . SOUTH AFRICA t to size, per sq. inch .. 2e a R fax 9 , 1. 9 OF “At the Annual Conference of the for 210 tubes ...... 2.95 - . R | Sockets _. 1.80 S.A.R.R.L. held in Durban at Easter, a T} n Fil. Trans. 7% Volt resolution was passed that all I.A.R.U. C7 VA. ...... a 6.35 members visiting South Africa be made Tl n 2098-550 Volt each side a ee the S.A.R.R.L. during Volts fil. Windings . .13.95 ee edb eg” A Watt 550-750 Volt each —A. Loquet, Hon. Sec’y, S.A. Section IARU, 2 fil. windings ...... $16.75 SHORT-WAVE STATIONS BELOW 50 METERS ( ne 7 lar > ar ™ of Ward Leonard ap (Continued from July QST) 5 C.T. 44 Watt ... ... ... $1.50 > 2S ee © © I t Wave catalogue will be 30 GBL, Leafield, England. pon request. 30 GBM, Leafield, England. : - 30. JBK, Kag ima, Japs Orders promptly filled upon | 3m 3am: Savshime, Japan Money Order including 30. KZET, Manilla, P. I. 30.2 ANK, Malabar, Java. WIREI , 30.2 PCJJ, Eindhoven, Holland. 4 ; 30.5 ARCX, S.S. Nielson Alonso gam, SS EGERT 30.5 PTQ, Quartel General, Brazil. 179 NWICH ST. NEW YORK CITY 30.6 NAL, Navy Yard, Washington, D. C. 30.7 EAM, Madrid, Spain. - It Identifies You and Helps Q S T Say You Saw It In QST

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on and ; in ing tts. the the Se) RT- ent dly ast VG NU ve eir sg The Radio Book You Want! “Modern Radio Reception” By CHARLES R. LEUTZ A Complete Ready Reference Educator ILLUSTRATIONS 250 $3.00 MODERN RADIO RECEPTION 384 Pages—250 Illustrations 384 Fully Bound—6xg irches PAGES Three Dollars Complete PRACTICAL HELPS IN HANDY FORM Diagrams, charts, graphs, illustrations, tables, easily read text make difficult problems easy. “Modern Radio Reception” is a good book, ex- plaining all important subjects on radio reception and radio receivers, written in a clear manner easily understood by anyone. It is not too tech- nical, and the mathematical examples are confined to simple problems. Considerable information is given on the opera- tion and care of radio receivers and accessories. The most powerful receiver for broadcast reception in the world, the Transoceanic Silver Ghost, is de- scribed in detail. Short Wave Reception is alsv covered, as this is one of the coming events in world-wide broadcast reception. As this handy book covers the entire field of broadcast reception in such a clear and complete manner, it will prove to be a practical daily help to both the student and professional worker, as well as the broadcast listener. Professional and Student Radio Engineers find “Modern Radio Reception” a Time and Money Saver. The book that every Broadcast Listener should own. Here is an up-to-date, quick ready reference and text book on radio reception. It is the only up-to- date book exclusively on radio reception. Such late improvements as A.C. Tubes, Shielded Grid Tubes, “A” Eliminators, Push Pull Power Ampli- fiers, 400-volt “‘B” Eliminators, etc., are covered in detail. All the different important subjects relating to radio reception are covered in an interesting and clear manner. By reading this book you can prob- ably save the price of the book many times, the suggestions will save you money and enable you to secure the best results in your radio receiving work, A RADIO EDUCATOR This single volume contains all the practical up- to-date radio receiving information that the pro- fessional radio worker, broadcast listener, student, or amateur needs. “Modern Radio Reception” is fully bound, size 6 x 9 inches, 384 pages, over 250 illustrations, including many graphs and circuit diagrams. It is nicely bound, a book that will look well on your library table, furnishing the means of a thorough knowledge of radio reception by spare time reading and study. Some of the Subjects Covered A nae Ommeter ( erpoise Beat Oscillator Gr i Amplifier Test Set Condenser Plate Shapes Acoustic Chart Transmission Units Dynami aud Speakers , aud Speakers String Oscillograph Synchronous Motor Decade Bridge Tungar Chargers Coupling Methods Resistors A’’ Eliminators D.C. Battery Eliminators **B-C”’ Eliminators Wavemeters Power Amplifiers Meters Oscillators Audibility Meter Capacity Bridges Mechanical Oscillators Grebe Synchrophase Frequency Changers Vacuum Tubes Push Pull Amplifiers Vacuum Tube Bridge Piezo Electric Oscill Ballast Tubes A.C. Tubes Radio Standards and Definitions Radia Symbols Short Wave Reception List Short Wave Stations ator Universal Transoceanic Super-Heterodynes Vacuum Tube Reactivation Consoles Universal Silver Ghost Super-8 Universal Plio-6 Wave Antenna Radio Servicing Tube Characteristics Western Electric Super- Heterodyne World Time Chart Overloading Tubes Norden Hauck Super-10 Audio Amplifiers Shielded Grid Tubes Radio Amplifiers FREE EXAMINATION Effective immediately, free examination will be allowed. within 7 days, Postpaid to any Your money refunded if the book is returned address in the United States. USE THE COUPON ATTACHED TO GET THIS FREE OFFER Cc. R. LEUTZ, Inc., 195 Park Place, Long Island City, Gentlemen: New York. Please send C.0.D. one copy of 1928 Edition of Modern Radio Reception. I enclose $3.00. Note: In either case, I am allowed seven days Free Examination. of $3.00 is to be refunded upon return of book. Name Please send postpaid one copy Modern Radio Reception. If found unsatisfactory, full price Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

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ga PF-250 Power Transformer for )X 250 Power Tubes mer y beliefs doing the job, not for looks. at 1200-600 volts plate, 714 volts ~olts rectifier cube filament. Center taps / ed on each of the filament windings. Contin- | apacity of plate windings, 160 M A., con- ed capa ityofeach 714 vole winding, }Am- ¢ output with two UX 281's full wave, ts with sufficient excess for **C** Bias. \ r Bullesim No. 1033 describing fully the PF-230, Price, each— $30.00 : ichtly bagher West of Rocky Mountains AMERICAN TRANSFORMER COMPANY prmer Buslders for more than 28 Years 193 Emmet St. Newark, N. J. DODGE RADIO SHORTKUT nd Hints for Better Key Work. Fixes tick—Kills Hesitation, Cultivates Speed Produces Results. Slow Hams raise speed evenings. Previous Failures qualify and Beginners master code and pass in DODGE HIGH SPEED METHOD tensive Speed Practice) ~ per Hams in 35-40 per class. Five this gain in few evenings. One of tal practice only. DODGE MORSE SHORTKUT y Radio Ops—Kills —~ a to mixup her code used as desire REPORTS FROM USERS ry—Mailed on request. Radio { | $2: 0 Morse $2.50 Money order Foreign add 50 cents See our Hamad DODGE, MAMARONECK, NEW YORK. su —[—,:,:;:;__L, Special Switches There are almost limitless possibilities for different spring ents with Yaxley switches. Write for prices on arrange special switches, giving as much information as possible, together with " sketch of spring arrangement wanted and thickness of panel. YAXLEY MFG. CO. Chicago 2XAL-WRNY, Coteyville, N. J. 31. 6XBH-KFQU, Alma (Holy City), Calif. $1. SAD, Flottans Stations, Stockholm, Sweden. 31. TVE, S.S. Soldevijk. $1.04 8XAG, Dayton, Ohio. 31.39 WFX-WEFX, Rocky Point. $1.5 PKP, Medan. 31.73 WDS-WEDS, Rocky Point. 31.8 AYG, Guayra, Venezuela. 31.96 WHR-WEHR, Rocky Point. $2. 2FC, Sydney, Australia. $2. 2XG, New York City. 32. 2YT, Poldhu, Eng. 32. 3LO, Melbourne, Aust. 32. 6XAR-KJBS, San Francisco, Calif. 32. 8XAO-WCX-WJR, Detroit, Mich. 32. 9XD, Radio Club of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. 32. 90C, Tel. & Radio SVC, Berne, Switzerland. $2. ANE, Malabar, Java. $2. ANH, Malabar, Java. $2. ARDI, S.S. C. A. Larsen. 32. CF, Drummondville, Montreal, (Beam) 32. FL, Eiffel Tower. $2. HVA, Hanoi, Fr. Indo-China. 32. IDO, Rome, Italy. 32. JB, Johannesburg, S. Africa. (BC) 32. JHL, Hiroshima, Japan. 32. LY. Bordeaux, France. 32. OCNG, Nogent-le-Rotrou $2. PCLL, Kootwijk, Holland. 32. PKD, Koepang $2. PKX, Java $2. VIS, Sydney, Aust. 32. VJZ, Rabaul, New Britain. 32.128 CG, Drummondville, Montreal. (Beam) 32.397 GBK, Bodmin, Eng. (Beam) 32.5 2NM, G. Marcuse, Caterham, Eng. 32.5 IDX, Amara, Erythrea. 32.69 WND. Ocean Township, N. J. 32.77 2XAF, Schenectady. 32.834 WEM-WEEM, Rocky Point. 32.98 NPG, Puget Sound, Wash. 32.98 WLL-WELL, Rocky Point. 33. 1FC, Royal Frederico Cesi School, 33. 6XAR, San Francisco, Calif. 33. AQE, S.S. Sir James Clark Ross. 33. CHO, Telegrah Administration, Oslo, Norway. 33. IDO, Rome, Italy. Rome, Italy. Additional Notes on Iron Core Resistances (Continued from Page 46) that could be used could be calculated. It is necessary to do some guessing here and this is usually based upon what core sizes are available. Assuming a window open- ing of 1.5 square inches, it is possible to accommodate 6,000 turns of wire. With the number of turns and the size of the core known, it was then possible to determine the choke resistance. If it was higher than permissible, then a_ greater core area should be used with a consequent reduction in the number of turns, and therefore, resistance. If necessary, a fur- ther reduction in resistance could also be effected by increasing the size of the wire used up to the limit of the window space in the lamination. Proceeding with the design of the choke, it was, therefore, assumed that (A) _ the area of the core was 2.25 square inches. The length of the flux path (1) was deter- mined from the lamination to be 9.75 inches. The type of iron available was In- termediate Transformer, designated by No. 4 on the design chart. With this data available, we had the fol- lowing: © So. Clinton St. L = 30,1 = .165,1 = 9.75, A = 2.25, y V wis A 78 Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

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erland la nd. Italy. rway. ‘ It and izes en- » to size - to vas iter ent ur- ke, he eS. T= 75 0. )]- N OW: You Can Convert Your Present Set Into a SHORT WAVE RECEIVER for ONLY $22:° HINK of it—itwo sets in one—with the Flewelling Short Wave Adapter-—no change in wiring—nothing else to buy. Instantly adapts your present set into a short wave receiver. Once more you can get the thrill of hunting for stations—and finding them. Already 26 U. S. stations are broadcasting on wave lengths under 200 meters. International programs can be picked up and heard clearly. London has been heard consistently and rebroadcast on WSAI at Cincinnati. Static is almost negligible. Summer broadcasting, and there is more this year than ever before, will come in clearly on your set. © Menatt E. T. Flewelling, noted radio engineer, has just per- Noted nite: Meaineer fected this remarkable device and has joined the staff of end Inventor The A-C. DAYTON Company as Consulting Engineer. The A-C DAYTON Company has acquired exclusive manufacturing rights for the Flewelling Short Wave Adapter and has scheduled production to be able to sell it at $22.50. It is a worthy addition to the new A-C DAY- TON line of A-C Electric receivers. You will want a Flewelling Short Wave Adapter to | bring your set up to the minute. You will not want to | miss the real “kick” found only in hearing BIG BEN set | the time, direct from London. If your dealer is not al- ready supplied with a stock of Flewelling Short Wave Adapters, he will be glad to order one for you, or you can order direct, sending us his name and address, Use the coupon. THE A. C. DAYTON COMPANY DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A. DE A I ERS: There is a big opportunity for you with the Flew- * elling Short Wave Adapter Write today for full particulars, discounts, etc. Include your jobber’s name and address, A- A-C DAYTON “= RADION= Se CaS RSS SS SSSSSSSSSSSSS SSS SSS SSS SSS SSS SSS SS SSS SSS SS SSS | i THE A. C. DAYTON CO., Dept. Q-8 DAYTON, OHIO —— ed, find d ified check Pl i descriptive literatur Include enclosed, find money order or certi chec "lease send descriptive ers e. c p for $22.50, for which please send me post- description of the new A-C DAYTON Re- paid, a Flewelling Short Wave Adapter. ceivers. My dealer’s name and address is ities... . con codcksesenectacs soesdecs sens esseundtecesccoseaessins Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps QS T

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a

Fr é ee fer) > s ; cae “ (u. Auirionmas tae Manatiaca Rs Os 6 Brecd Strdee ty aw \ Sctentincally equipped to “tm & 1S tooromically export dependable” = |.) | receleing and transmitting. a. radio apparatus. &' ‘a & . | ‘ ~ & vA wo 9 > po» \) : % ) LE ot rv © ‘ ‘ab 5 ao - y KJ os

A DANDY BUY WAVEMETERS I5—I10 METERS 1% ACCURACY GUARANTEED $15.50 Each ALS hort Wave Coils— Power Transformers and Filter r Receiver and Transmitter Parts. JUST OUT— NEW FALL LIST — WRITE FOR IT SEATTLE RADIO LABORATORY South Seattle, Wash. 3d Avenue,

can easily become an EXPERT Radio Operator Through The Candler System Course of Training in High Speed Telegraphing The McElroy, World’s Champion Radio Oper- ator no other system. He writes: “At th nt of Progress, Chicago, I copied 56 w nute for 5 minutes, establishing a ney record. I owe my skill, speed and stea erve to, The Candler System.” What, th ne for McElroy and over 40,000 . rh do o ‘for you. FREE booklet explains Send for it TO-DAY. A postcard Tre CANDLER SYSTEM CO. Dept. AR 6343 S. Kedzie Ave. Chicago, Ills.

Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QS T Arranged to form the equation LI — V we get 3.7 x 10°. From the design chart we find that 3.7 gives a corresponding NI l value of 86. (At this time we also ascer- tained from the design chart that the air. gap should be approximately .0028.) Since the number of turns NI l value times | divided by I we find that with a value of 86. for NI, l 9.75 for 1, and .165 for I that the number of turns required is 5175. As this would fit within the lamination and the resistance as determined by the mean length of wire was of the approxi- mate value required, the design was con- sidered satisfactory. Upon measuring the choke on an induct- ance bridge with 165 milliamperes D.C. superimposed on 3 milliamperes A.C., the inductance was found to be exactly 30 hen- ries, resistance 278 ohms. It has been found, as a result of the de- sign and construction of a number of filter chokes with the aid of the accompanying design chart, that the actual inductances will seldom vary more than 3% from the computed value. eS trays $ 9BBA found this statement in a Chicago daily: “. While there are instances of the short-wave apparatus operating at much greater distances, it has been found that they are consistent over a range almost directly equal in mileage to the wave- length in meters.” At that rate our 56000Kc. must be of some value.

band simply “The ordinary mercury arc rectifier will pass at least 12 amperes,” writes C. T. Paddon of St. Louis, Mo., “and I can recall four instances where men were killed by the output of such rectifiers. Amateurs should adopt the precaution of connecting a fuse or lamp to blow at about half an ampere, right at the rectifier output.”

p Th from and < s ust ever Ne wire on th mant these to m plify time and M New mag! win cable Acn For . Red Celat are w all fi relat divnd

This Proj the wire then ft C blac! A

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3 New 1 chart ng Time-Saving and Money- Saving “Radio Wire Products ee A.C. CEL ATSITE Throughout the radio industry from novice builder to professional ith Bnd actual manufacturer—Acme Wire s used by the thousands of feet for every radio hook-up requirement. Now we announce the three new wire products shown and described on this page. As with all other products mber 6 rs . manufactured by The Acme Wire Co., , these three new items have been made ation le ‘ | it the to meet actual existing needs—to sim- roxi- Pplify wiring operations, thus saving the con- time and money of the men who build and = radio apparatus. luct- § Made by THE ACME WIRE CO. D.C. fNew Haven, Conn., manufacturers of the Bmagnet wire, varnished insulators, coil hen- oo : . : windings, insulated tubing and radio i cables. de- ’ . ‘ ‘ . Ts iter Acme Twisted A.C. Celatsite Wire ing pfor A.C. hilament Hook-up. One strand of ices Red and one strand of Black 16/30 Flexible the Celatsite twisted together The wo ¢ lors are used so that, if desired, the same sides of all filaments can be maintained at the same relative potential. Packed 25-ft. coil in in- ACME POW ER SUPPLY CABLES dietdual carton. R-112 cab shown above, is universal for ACME PUSHBAK WIRE Ae O D.C . use for 12 conductors or less. Zo This is the speediest hook-up wire for the Has four twisted pairs and four single wires. of Professional Set Builder—simply push back One of twisted pairs has extra heavy current at the insulation! No. 19 solid tinned copper capacity. 100-ft. coils Enclosed in full nd wire covered with cotton wrap and braid, glazed cotton braid with rayon tracer. st then thoroughly impregnated with wax. 25 Cables containing 5, 6, 7,8 or 9 conductors "e- tt ¥ in individual carton. Six colors are also made for use in battery ond power black, yellow, brown, green, red, blue. supply heok-up. 5-ft. and 100-ft. coils. "| ACME CELATSITE WIRE PRODUCTS ENAMELED CELATSITE WIRE, ACME COILS, ACME AERIAL WIRE eran and SOLID MAGNET WIRE, SPAGHETTI ut} Enameled capper wire in both stranded a For all types ring. & VARNISHED A superior cambric tubing for all r. Cable, Indian and Lup dorial Wire ok. Sane INSULATION revwirements. Supphied én 10 eer - Made by the Manufacturers of >| ACME PARVOLT CONDENSERS Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps QS T 81

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~ What About 7 TELEVISION? experimentally. Television may truly be sa e the most delicate subject ever tackled n radio engineering. There are so many variables, mponents, functions, all to be delicately bal- anc Yet the CLAROSTAT, with its nicrometric resistance fitted to any and all re- n is simplifying television technique even in these experimental days. The POWER LAROSTAT serves as an ideal speed control scanning disk. The GRID LEAK AROSTAT serves in the short-wave re- . und the distortioaless amplifier. Other Clarostats are doing their share, both at the transmitting and the receiving ends. Station WLEX of Lexington, Mass., among others, »s mastered television transmission and recep- th CLAROSTATS. There’s a CLAROSTAT for every purpose er what the resistance range, the power ratin: type of mounting, there is a CLAROSTAT e for your specific needs. Aind the fact that sands of CLAROSTATS are in daily use of sufficient of the reliability of this form of ne en CLAROSTAT MFG. CO., Inc. 285 North 6th St. Brooklyn, N.- Y. ¢ ATL. pat. off - (th Edition—Just Off Press “Radio Theory and Operating” By Mary Texanna Loomis The lard radio text and reference book of America. Near 900 pages, over 700 illus- trations, flexible binding. PRICE $3.50—Postage Paid For sa hundreds of bookdealers throughout Amer i many foreign countries. Or may be pur- chased from the publishers. Send check or ——— ° LOOMIS PUBLISHING COMPANY Dept. 5 Washington, D. C. Send For New Radio Book--It’s Free « shows how to make short wave e adapters How to use the new Dp. Cc nd A. C. circuits How to ABC eliminators Up-to-the ' new radio developments It's »- day KARAS ELECTRIC COMPANY 40303 A N. Rockwell Street Chicago aewrrrer eee 8 8 8 oe Oe eR GE GG GU UG GG GG ee en aeaabenosens Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QS T The Central Division Conven- tion HE above convention, sponsored by the T Milwaukee Radio Amateurs’ Club was a huge success with some event of inter- est going on every minute. The city offi- cially greeted the arriving delegates with “Welcome Central Div., A.R.R.L.” displayed in letters three feet high on_ the municipal building, From the _ open- ing night, May 25, when the gang got together for a smoker and _ gen- eral hamfest, to the May Ball, Sunday eve- ning, which officially closed the convention, the events were thoroughly enjoyed by hams and YLs alike. The highlights of the smoker were a lecture on ether waves by Rev. A. H Poetker, Prof. of Physics, Marquette University, a thorough discus- cussion of ham problems by K. B. Warner, Secretary A.R.R.L., Editor-in-Chief QST, and original selections sung to old tunes by the M-“RAC” Songbirds. Throughout the convention, interesting talks were inter- spersed with airplane rides from Maitland Field, trips to local amateur and broadcast- ing stations and visits to industrial plants. After making several such trips, the gang met Saturday afternoon at the Mil- waukee School of Engineering. First on the program was the demonstration of a large Tesla coil. This reminded us of the old “spark” days and was awe inspiring for some of the new hams present who had no memories of “spark” work to reassure them. S.C.M. Crapo presided at the meet- ing as at the previous meetings. Follow- lowing a talk on “Communications” by the C.M. from Hartford, “Antenna Feed Sys- tems” were explained in detail by D. J. Angus, Indiana S.C.M. and the organiza- tion of the Central Division was discussed by Central Division Director, Clyde E. Darr, 8ZZ. “Television” by H. R. Hartley, Transmission Engineer, Wisconsin Tele- phone Company illustrated by slides pro- voked many questions and the afternoon ended with a talk by W. C. Evans, Man- ager of KYW. During the banquet the convention photo was made and a special entertainment pro- gram added to the fun, Following the awarding of prizes, George Turner, Senior Radio Inspector, 9th District, announced the results of the radio operators license ex- aminations held Saturday morning and a large number of new hams were welcomed by acclaim. Toastmaster R. E. Knoff next introduced Major W. I. Rasor, representing the Signal Corps. He was followed by Lieutenant-Commander R, H. G. Mathews C-V(S) USNR who spoke on behalf of the volunteer Naval Communication Reserve. Many other speakers helped to make the evening complete. This convention is one that will be remembered for a long time by everyone there. About two hundred A.R.R.L. members were present and all joined in expressing thanks to those of the M.R.A.C. who worked so hard to contribute fA

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Vv simple that all that is required to prepare it for testing tubes is to plug the attached cord into a 110 volt 60 cycle outlet. to other Jewell tube checkers which have earned an enviable reputation for accuracy and reliability, but differs in that all tubes can be tested without resorting to batteries of any kind. This is accomplished by incorporating transformer which furnishes the required voltages, making use of alternating current instead of the conventional A and B batteries. enables adjusting the filament in conjunction with the 0-48 volt A.C. voltmeter. Plate current is read on a 0-15 milliammeter. a g i Fs , H Bos i whom ake resorted 90 quouense eee ‘be the Hestenant-goversor, of the canes 0see RB te e LL, Z tne meecage wes cunt out by Sts Binghamton; WV SLf2L. S25 ten IRER and wee picked up OF —_= arther L _ ame tor o_ at Binghaares. ¥. whe relayet & + aks Aarocis toot Cache mg Ah of Pom X. (PG oF we trDRe (= pag an Le APpantcl 444 L Lace SET oe Ie face | rr poy acer Refit Mt & Geogt alt Ci rex rad, Les Qu aS Fa SOTO «uaa. tk ates Xo Cet a ah AArnificlo~ aud Je 77 fon! VIPE Kh entre (tek As att whl gov © nage 2 aa An” Or yh ite SF £3 To — SPF } 4a LA ELECTRIC SPECIALTY COMPANY e “ESCO” marx South Srreet Stamford, Conn. Real DX means maximum miles per watt, and that ts what ESCO” generators are built for A New Simple Tube Checker Peseietien 000 Jewell has succeeded in developing a tube checker that is indeed simple. It is so This new tube checker known as Pattern No. 150 is somewhat similar in appearance All tubes can be tested from the WD-11 and 199 tubes up to the 210. A five-prong socket is supplied with an adapter for 4-prong tubes and a rheostat This new tube checker is described in our Form No. 2004. Write for a copy. Jewell Electrical Instrument Co. 1650 Walnut St., Chicago “28 YEARS MAKING GooonD INSTRUMENTS” Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q ST

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TRUVOLT ALL-WIRE RESISTANCES t Variable Fixed and Tapped Re unusually accurate and de- Their unique design keeps them lirect comtact with the air feature of Truvolt Fixed Re- that the values can be changed t any point desired by the use Resistances, the con lengthwise over the turns hence there is prac 1 the resistance element otentiometer control eliminates jlation, and permits easy ad tubes and line voltages pecializes in a full line of Con all Radio Purposes Vrite for Free Circular and Full Information Dept. T-8, 175 Varick St., New York ELECTRAD RADIO IN BRASIL Wi n Brasil, apply to M, BARROS [A for anything you need in nection with radio. M. BARROS & CIA 70 sob. Rua S. José 70 sob. Postal Box 89 Rio de Janeiro resistors and condensers thgt are Built Better —to endure. Write for The Research Worker. A free monthly publication. AEROVOX WIRELESS CORPORATION 68 Washington Street Brooklyn, N. Y. ROBERT S. KRUSE Cor tant for Shortwave Devices Meadowbrook Road, Hartford, Conn. Telephone Hartford 45327 Say You Saw It In QS T to the enjoyment. other pleasant and the next big Central Division Convention. —F.E.H, In making farewells many present were looking forward to an- profitable meeting at REFERENCES and BOOK REVIEWS By R. S. Kruse National Electrical Safety Code, Fourth Edition. Bureau of Standards Handbook No. 3, Published by Bureau of Standards, Department of Commerce and to be ob- tained at $1 from Superintendent of Docu- ments, Government Printing Office, Wash- ington, D. C. (Specify fourth edition of Dec. 31, 1926.) The major portion of this book is, as in the past, devoted to generation and distribution and need not be further discussed here. The radio provisions of Section 50, Part 3 are of direct A.R.R.L. interest, especially since the book has been adopted as stand- ard by the American Engineering Standards Com- mittee as of Nov. 15, 1927. It may therefore be expected to be the basis of many local rulings. The radio rulings are on the whole sane. Low power stations being not given any requirements to follow, while the requirements for medium and high power are adjusted in a manner that seems rather reasonable until one begins to examine the defini- tions of low, medium and hich power. It becomes clear that the committee should have had an ama- teur member present, or someone from the Radio Department who is familiar with the conditions under which amateur station (very much the most numerous of all transmitters) operate. Consider these page 469. “1-Low Power. Transmitting stations to which the power supplied is less than 100 watts and where the voltage of the power supplied is less than 400 volts. definitions, quoted from 2-Medium Power. Transmitting stations not classi- fied as low power or high power. 3-High the power where the power. Transmitting stations to which supplied is greater than 100 watts or voltage of the power supplied is greater than 2000 volts.” Just what this means is a bit hazy. Amateur stations draw their power from 220-volt lines or 110-volt lines, therefore they are all low power as far as the line-voltage requirements go. taken from the line is likely The power to be either below 100 watts (making the station low power on that count too) or else between there and 1000 watts, making the station medium power. What seems incom- prehensible is the thoucht that there may exist such a creature as a set with less than 1 kilowatt input. fed by a line with a voltace above 400. or even above 2,000! Clearly the numerous amateur _ sta- tions were (as usual) not being thoucht of and the relatively few commercial ones were being considered However—let us be thankful that the provisions are sane. even though the classification of stations seems rather muddled. A Popular Guide to Radio, By B. Francis Dashiell. Published by the Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore. 285 pages, 101 illustrations with several photographic plates. This reviewer must admit a certain community of spirit with Mr. Dashiell, for the Technical desks of QST are haunted constantly by the same sort of imps that follow one step behind any writer of a popular radio book, demanding that everything be ~~. simple—no matter how abstruse it really may e. It Identifies You and Helps Q S T if

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y at in. H. VS irth 00k rds, ob- »cu- ish- | of vast, not s of rest, and- ‘om- be Low s to high ther fini- mes ma- adio ions nost C1S 01 lie of of of be ORD? This Summer | | meter and a Filament Voltmeter. hasn’t just the size or range you need. 602 Frelinghuysen Ave. RADIO Vacation time--whether “roughing it” over mountain trails or taking it easy in a “cottage by the sea’’--there is one form of entertainment which the transmitting fan now finds indispensable. And that’s the portable station,--keeping in touch with home, the world of sports, vacationing friends on other trails. do when the camp supper is finished and the long evening is ahead. And so, now is the time for those who have not already done so to get that Mobile License and check up on needed equipment. Is your portable station in complete order? instruments? You'll need at least two--a Radio Frequency Am- And Weston is prepared to make immediate delivery--by mail or express--if your deal:r How about the WESTON ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENT CORPORATION Newark, N. J. WESTON INSTRUMENTS O-MILLIA Mag, > on™ ere, «* ” RADIO FREQUENCY Cost GE aeweNT Coar_areets th 8 oA Something to For example:--a 3-4 inch diameter, Weston Model 425 Ammeter and a Model 301 Voltmeter--D. C., of course, and an 8-volt range, prob- ably. And the price only $13.50 and $8 respectively. No other vacation “duffle” will give you so much pleasure at so little cost. And remember, that’s for Weston Instruments--good not only for your vacation, but | for a life-time--and the highest quality and most dependable performance anywhere obtainable. Communicate direct with us if we can be of any service.We will give your request prompt attention. NATIONAL Velvet Vernier Dial type N for short wave work A solid German Silver Dial with the original Velvet Vernier mechanism and a real vernier for closed reading to one tenth division. Price $6.50. Send for Short Wave Bulletin NATIONAL CO. INC., W. A. Ready Pres., Maiden, Mass. — — - — TRANSFORMERS Guaranteed— ’ upedibpemennd 250 watt 550—700 each side _____...- . $10.50 700 watt 1000—1500 each side ___.............-....- 14.50 700 watt 2000—2500 each side....................-.. 21.00 1 Kw 2000—2500 each side — __...............- 30.00 Add $2.00 for fil. winding F. GREBEN 9SCES 1927 So. Peoria Street, Pilsen Sta., Chicago, Hinois RADIO OPERATORS WANTED THE EASTERN RADIO INSTITUTE can train you quickly and thoroughly because: MODERN AND EFFICIENT METHODS THOROUGH INSTRUCTION under staff of LICENSED COMMERCIAL OPERATORS MODERN APPARATUS including SHORT WAVE TRANSMITTER FIFTEEN years a RADIO SCHOOL THE OLDEST, LARGEST and MOST SUCCESSFUL school in New none ae BY THE Day or Evening Classes Start Every Monday. SPECIAL CODE CLASSES Write for Illustrated Prospectus EASTERN RADIO INSTITUTE 899 BOYLSTON STREET BOSTON, MASS. WE WISH TO ANNOUNCE: which is the cheapest in the long run. 1715 to 2000 Kilocycles $15.00 Note: 8500 to 4000 Kilocycles $25.00 7000 to 7300 Kilocycles $40.00 quency for $45.00 unmounted, $55.00 mounted. prices on your particular requirement. P. O. Box 86, Dept. “ until November Ist, 1928. tal is to be mounted in an excellent dust-proof power mounting.) Q@ST OSCILLATING CRYSTALS AMATEUR BANDS Ist.—That now, our crystals are capable of being used with as high a power tube as the 50 watt size. 2nd.—That we do not claim to grind the CHEAPEST crystals, but we do claim to grind only the best 3rd.—That we will ship the closest frequency crystal we have to your desired frequency, and that the frequency of the crystal will be stated ACCURATE 4th.—That all crystals are absolutely guaranteed shipment can be made on crystals in the amateur bands. oscillate in the various amateur bands are as follows: The above prices are effective July 1st, 1928, to be in effect to BETTER THAN A TENTH of 1%. regard to output and frequency, and immediate Prices for grinding POWER CRYSTALS to (Add $10.00 to these prices if crys- Broadcast Band—We will grind a crystal for you accurate to plus or minus 500 cycles of your assigned fre- Two day shipment and all crystals guaranteed. Crystals ground to any frequency between 40 and 10,000 Kilocycles. We will be pleased to quote yt! oe RADIO SERVICE, “The Cryetal, Speciatictes ount Rainier, Maryland Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

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Where are your seven copies of QST for this year? Certainly you need a binder for your 1928 copies as issued— One- fifty each. post- paid Note the wire fasteners Unnecessary to mutilate copies. Opens and lies flat in any position. nder will keep your QSTs always rer and protect them for future use. And it’s a good-looking binder, too. ST 1711 Park St., Hartford, Conn. PACENT DUO-LATERAL COILS H )R laboratories, experimenters, ngineers and for special circuits, Pacent Duo-Lateral Coils are the epted standard. A complete line of all standard turn ratios are always in stock. Write for information and prices PacentElectric Co., Inc. 91 SeventhAvenue, New York BECOME A RADIO OPERATOR the World. Earn a Good Income. Duties Light and Fascinating. LEARNIN THE SECONDPORT U.S.A. ted here. New Orleans supplies opera- Gulf ports. Most logical location in to for training » operators graduating on the Gulf years trained by Mr. Clemmons, t Start training now for fall runs. A.R.R.L.—Call “5 G R” ( ‘ Enroll anytime—Write for cir- GULF RADIO SCHOOL 844 Howard Ave. New Orleans, La. Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T That the ‘Popular Guide to Radio’ has man. aged to stay in focus is materially to its credit. There are no perorations to the inventors or revolu- tionizers of radio; that noble chance for an out- burst of adjectives has been replaced by the calm statement that ‘Nobody actually invented radio.’ From such a sane beginning, the book proceeds and one can find little fault with its general balance, unless indeed one may wish to complain that a good beginning must be followed by something else, and that the book therefore would have benefitted vastly by a list of references concerning the many things that must be cut short when all of radio is to be swept over in less than 300 pages. This condensation has perhaps brought with it more in- exactness in statement and terminology than the engineer may feel happy over, but it is to be re- membered that the book is not aimed at him. Methods, Formulas and Tables for the Calculation of Antenna Capacity, By Fred- erick W. Grover. Scientific Paper No. 568 of the Bureau of Standards, to be had at 20c from the Superintendent of Documents, Gov’t Printing Office, Washington, D. C. The first impression received from this very in- teresting 60-page discussion was that the formulae all related to multi-wire antennas such as are used on the longer waves where loaded antennas can- not well be avoided. However, second thought shows that the relatively brief discussion of the single vertical wire and single horizontal wire will serve most of the cases where such wires are utilized and that the analysis thereon becomes generally useful. The Radiation Capacity of Half-Wave Antennas. Green. E. W. & W. E., Feb., 1928. A highly timely discussion, which will be read much less than it deserves. Resistance and Energy By E. Rotating Beacon Radio Transmitters. Papers from I. E. E. meeting. E. W. & W. E. The Disturbance of the Electromagnetic Field by Buildings, etc. Reviewed in E. W. & W. E. for February, 1928. Original appearing in German in Elektrische Nach- richt Technik, Nov., 1927. Measurement of the Electromagnetic Field for the Purpose of Determining the Range of a Broadcasting Station. Ab- stracted in E. W. & W. E., Feb., 1928, with reference to original German article. What is the Marconi Beam? J. Garrick Eisenberg, Radio, March, 1928. Description of some of the equipment of the beam transmitters working between England and Australia. This can with profit be used as a practical illustra- tion of the March QST article by Clapp and Chinn. Belgian B-82, Radio, March, 1928, by E. A. Tubbs. Description of an unusual antenna system adapted to 15-meter work. Stabilization of Short-Wave Transmit- ters by Crystals. By J. Jammet L’Onde Electrique, January, 1928. The title has not been translated literally but its significance is as stated and the following article, though not novel is worth reading. A Remote Control Radio System Deluze, by G. C. B. Rowe, Radio News, Feb., 1928. Graphical Determination of Magnetic Fields, by A. R. Stevenson, Jr., and R. H. Park, General Electric Review, Feb., 1928.

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is man. ; eredit, * revolu. an out. he calm radio.’ eds and balance, that a ng else, -nefitted e many f radio This 10re in- jan the ve Te. him. or the Fred- 0. 568 iad at nents, . C. ‘Try in- rmulae ‘e used S can- shows single serve ed and eful. nergy by E. » read tters. W. & netic n FE. rinal [ach- netic the Ab- with rick beam ralia. stra- hinn. r KE. ipted mit nde its icle, re, 28. tic H. 28. Now- TELEVISION —and the accepted motor jor it! N JUNE FOURTH through Station WLEX, Lexington, Mass., before a gathering of businessand engineer- ing leaders of the radio industry, a very successful demonstration of Television was held. The images were sent over the airand accu- rately received without the noise that had previously accompanied earlier experiments. The Baldor Motor il- lustrated above wasresponsiblefor the success of the Television demonstra- tion. Many motors were tested but the Baldor Single Phase Motor with Television requires a motor which will not spark ; sparking distorts thereceived picture. The Baldor Variable Speed Motor has no brushes, commutator or automat- ic switch, or any device that can spark, Television requires a motor with little fric- tion, so as to be able to follow the moving picture accurately. The Baldor Motor is ball bearing, which means minimum friction, and is easy to keep accurate, Television requires a very quiet receiver, so as not to tranemit noises to the reciving set. The Baldor Motorisquietandhumless. Get the factson thisimproved motor. Send for Bulletin No. 11. constant or adjustable varying speed gave, by far, the best results. It is the only approved motor. INTERSTATE ELECTRIC CO. 4354 Duncan Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. Distributors for the Baldor Variable Speed Motor Television requires at the receiving end a motor which can be varied to suit. The Baldor Motor is designed and built expressly for variable speed work, It is possible to vary the speed from 80 to 1100 r. p. m. in the 6 pole motor and 100 to 1700 r. p. m. in the 4 pole A BETTER MOTOR motor in gradual steps. THE To Our Readers Who Are Not A. R. R. L. Members Wouldn’t you like to become a member of the American Radio Relay League? We need you in this big organization of radio amateurs, the only amateur association that does things. From your reading of QST you have gained a knowledge of the nature of the League and what it-does, and you have read its purposes as set forth on page 6 of every issue. We would like to have you become a full-fledged member and add your strength to ours in the things we are undertaking for Amateur Radio, and incidentally you will have the membership edition of QST delivered at your door each month. A convenient application form is printed below—clip it out and mail it today. American Radio Relay League, Hartford, Conn., U.S. A. Being genuinely interested in Amateur Radio, I hereby apply for membership in the American Radio Relay League, and enclose $2.50 ($3 in foreign countries) in pay- ment of one year’s dues. This entitles me to recive QST for the same period. Please begin my subscription with the ....ccecscccccsccscccescccosecccesoses issue. Mail my Certificate of Membership and send QST to the following name and address. Coe ee eee eee eee sess eeeSeeeSSSeSeSSSSSSSeSFSeeeeeseseseeeeeeeeseeeseseHeeeeeeeSeHees SOURsO: COE, TE GM oc cccicccnces et Te eT es os Grade Operator’s license, if any .......... eT ee ee ir i: Cee ae I Te I iia ooo ia niin os wenn ccs ck cewannsceceee eden eee newsmen Do you know a friend who is also interested in Amateur Radio, whose name you might give us so we may send him a sample copy of QST? ee ee ee ee Say You Saw It In QS T—It Identifies You and Helps QST

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‘Thousands use Tele- vcal Quality Tubes there must be a ifference! All standard types. Ask | for them at your ‘ lealers. TELEVOCAL CORPORATION Televocal Building Dept. R-2,588 12th Street Nest New York, N. J. Iranstormers Of course Acme builds them- Acme products are nationally known. Furnish us with your blue prints and specifications for prices. We invite your inquiries. Member R.M.A. The Acme Electric & Mfg. Co. nS Established in 1917 b 4g 1653 Rockwell Ave., Cleveland, Ohio- ‘Round the World With New Karas Short Wave Receiver earing stations thousands of miles have developed short wave equip Easy to build Easy to tune with $} to 1 rati Uses Karas con- watch Karas coils and audios Send to-day for complete infor n blue print Free KARAS ELECTRIC COMPANY 0OJB N. Rockwell Street, Chicago 4030JB Say You Saw It In QS T - It Identifies You and Helps Q S T Review of Radio Industry, by H. B. Richmond, Radio Engineering, Jan., 1928. Low Mu Tubes as R. F. Amplifiers, by Nelson P. Case, E. E., Radio, Feb., 1928. Characteristics of the Photo-electric Cell, by John P. Arnold, Radio, Feb., 1928. Playing With a Photo-electric Cell, by Samuel G. McMenn, Radio, Feb., 1928. Decreasing Radio Congestion by Wired Radio, by R. D. Duncan, Jr., Electrical World, Jan., 1928. Low Frequency Transformer, by “Em- piricist”, Wireless World, Jan., 1928. Short-Wave Direction Finding With Loop And Auzxiliary Antenna at Large Distances. F. A. Fischer (in German) Zeitschrift fur Hochfrequenztechnik, Dec., 1927. Concerning the Suitablity of Short Waves for Direction Finding, by Day and Night, by F. Michelssen (in German) Zeitschrift fur Hochfrequenztechnik; Dec., 1927. Recording of Radio Signals, Mario San- tangeli (eilER) Revista Telegrafica, Jan., 1928. Contours of 2LO (interesting field strength tests with account of means of measurements) R. H. Barfield, Wireless World, Jan. 4, 1928. Short-Wave Echos (Geltow, Germany to Rio de Janeiro,) Wireless World, Jan., 1928. The Movietone, by W. I. G. Page, Wire- less World, Dec., 1927. Experiments and Observations Concern- ing the Ionized Regions of the Atmosphere, by R. A. Heising, Proc. I. R. E., Jan., 1928. A New Method for the Calibration of Ammeters at Radio Frequencies, by Her- bert C. Hazel, Proc. I. R. E. Jan., 1928. Automatic Volume Control for Radio Re- ceiving Sets, by Harold A. Wheeler, Proc. I, R. E., Jan., 1928. A Vacuum Tube-Voltmeter, by the Lab- oratory Staff, Radio Broadcast, Jan., 1928. 2e- Atlantic Division Convention State College, Pa., June 14, 15 and 16 T has always been a matter of regret | with this writer that strict necessity for conserving space in the magazine allows only a column for convention reports; this applies particularly to such conventions as the Third Annual Atlantic Division Conven- tion, which was held at State College, Pa., on the dates mentioned, under the direction of G. L. Crossley, F. M. Gager, Director Woodruff and the operating staff of 8XE. If you were not one of the lucky ones who attended, picture to yourself an ideal location among the Pennsylvania mountains, more than 1000 feet above sea-level, three Bri abs les: sis!

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H. B. 1928. rs, by 928. e Cell, ll, by s Wired ‘trical “Em- 3. With Large man) Dec., Short y and man) Dec., San- Jan., field ns of reless ny to Jan., Wire- cern- here, 1928. nm of Her- » Re- Proc. Lab- 1928. on egret y for llows this is as 1ven- Pa., ction ector E. ones ideal ains, hree

absolutely noise- less and stepless, 2000 to 30,000 ohm re- sistance. List $5, special $2.95. $4. Bradleystat No. E-210 Special .....---seecsees 1.60 Bradley Leak, ? 95

Signal Buzzer Set International Code on Baseboard . $2.45 Belden braid % inch wide, ft. .06 Myers $5 4% volt Det. or Amp tube, complete with mounting clips .....ssse °

Thordarson Power Transformers $13. list—T-125 cap 100 watt, secondary each side of neutral 350 and 550 volts, $9.85 $18 list—T-126 cap 450 watt, secondary each side of neutral 1000 and 1500 volts $30 =©list—T-127 cap 900 watt, secondary each side of neutral 1000 and 1500 volts, $22.50

mos De Hore of RADIOW——_— 45 VESEY STREET NEW YORK New York’s Headquarters for Transmitting Apparatus When in Town Visit Our Store Full Line of Acme -- Thordarson -- Jewell -- Flech- theim -- General Radio -- Signal -- Bradley SPECIALS Dubilier Mica Condenser .002 cap. 6,000 working volt 1.95 General Radio 247D .001 cond. plain or with vernier 1.75 Dubilier cond. 1.7 mfd. 1,000v D.C. test; 650v. working voltage 1.35 Dubilier cond. .5 mfd. 1,000v D.C. working voltage 85 R.C.A U.V. 1716 Super Het. transformer 1.45 Ward Leonard Resistances; fits standard barez receptacles; sizes 300—600—900—1200 and 2000 ohms .95 $15. Imported German head sets; very sensitive 3.45 Honeycomb Coils unmounted, all sizes in stock at % price $8 Signal Corp adjustable arm micro-transmitter for

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Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T

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omplete Essential Kit, $60.00 “4 Kit. Furnished with ] r r T-48 Scanning Rheostat, Daven » Stages of Daven nd Instructions for Complete includ —_————— $100.00 (Less am | ] | | Daven Television Apparatus [ I : : Disks Each || I $ 5.00 et 7.50 ... 10.00 Amplifier 12.50 Amplifier s and two lls DAVEN 17.50 150 12.50 25.00 nd 1.00 3.50 , 3.50 Electric Cell 1%-inch bulb 20.00 Electric Cell 3-inch bulb 37.50 D-421xx 1)-422xx D-423xx 1 SORIESNNE cc ccccdacéuse . 2.15 Plate and Glastors in Grid 4.65 r Amplifier Stages eniaiaue 2.25 t tubes in series with tele- . 3.50 illumination) ‘ 9.00 Write For Television Booklet om fhe vatian Amplification : The Daven Corporation ‘S2cisiue 169 Summit St.,Newark,W.J. TYPE &. L. The Short Wave Set That Backs Its Claim “Pp”? S. W. Receiver ~portable—embody- ing all the latest developments in H. fF t Compact, quality job — size 6 in. x 9 in. Ca 1 on permanent or portable i: stallations. I results on either S. W. broadcasting or Finest grade material th: oughout, latest type small { v-loss coils. 3 plug-in KIT i, covering 15 to 115 met es standard UX 201A $3 2:50 1 r ‘ ‘ e . TYPE B.L. High eradeS. W. Receiver for either " S.W.Broadcasting or Code reception. Sa lel “'P"’, designed specially large for per- r tallation, Drum dials. KIT Bot ‘ e receivers will give $30: have these sets assembled, tested, rate, enclose $7.60 extra to cover fin receiving American t eign countries * LOW WAVE LABORATORIES 37 Barclay St. New York City We manufacture complete line of transmitting apparatus LOSE STAMP FOR CATALOG Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QS T days of perfect sunny, lazy Spring weather, the companionship of several hundred fel- low-minded hams, college surroundings, plenty of tennis courts to play on “after hours”, a charming hospitality which made everyone feel they owned the town and everything in it, perfect management, and a technical program which stands out as the best this writer has ever attended—and you can begin to get an idea of what it was like. The morning and afternoon of the first day were given over to registration and hamming, but in the evening we got the first broadside in that A-1 technical pro- gram when Mr. V. D. Landon, of the West- inghouse Company, spoke on receiver char- acteristics and their measurement. While we are about it, we might as well mention the other technical speakers—it is a shame we cannot say more about each one, but lack of space forbids: Dr. Woodruff spoke on 10 meters and gave us a most effective picture of radio’s place in the scientific world of frequencies, as well; Mr. F. W. Dunmore, of the Bureau of Standards, gave a fine illustrated talk on the latest thing in aircraft radio beacons; A. W. McAuly, 8CEO, gave us the dope on Kenotron rec- tifiers; Dr. J. O. Perrine, a most finished speaker, talked on transatlantic telephony, and also ran off some phonograph records that showed what happened when certain frequencies were eliminated from normal speech and music, over-modulation intro- duced, etc.; Miss E. M. Zandonini, 3CDQ, of the “Bustan” talked on crystal grinding and calibration, and Mr. Alfred Crossley, of the Naval Research Laboratory at Bellevue, D. C., gave a masterly talk on crystal con- trol as applied to amateur sets. All the talks were excellently illustrated with slides and charts. And we must not forget the lecture of Dr. Ulrich Franzkoff, 3DHU, of Germany,” a stunt so cleverly made up and executed by the Oakmont gang that this writer, even though he had been forewarned that the estimable “doctor” was a fake, had serious doubts about it at times during the talk. At the banquet, in addition to the speak- ers mentioned above, were Dean Sackett, of the School of Engineering, and Prof. C. L. Kinsloe, head of the Department of Electrical Engineering at State College, Handy and Budlong from A.R.R.L. head- quarters, and Dr. Dunn from the Hudson Division—he mailed himself down by air- mail parcel post! After the banquet came the second drawing of prizes. The sessions were over after selecting Philadelphia as the city for the Fourth Atlantic Division Convention in 1929. The committee which was responsible for this affair is most heartily to be congratu- lated; it was a fine job, and the Philadel- phia crowd has a mighty high mark at which to aim. —A. L. B. QS! the rate whi bers will sig? divi app com sigt Am care adv man: dimi Edis trica quiet plete shock you perfe for t! Mury PUR brass 1\") lead trans less | 27” Wise pock: Glaze lytic BUL ceive BA teur nelu filter actor parts howe Thos.

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her, fel- ngs, fter 1ade and and t as -and was first and the pro- est- har- hile tion ame but 0ke tive tific W. rave 1ing uly, rec- shed ony, ords tain mal tro- ), of ling , of vue, -on- the vith . of ly,” ited ven the ous alk. ak- ett, , C. of ge, ad- son air- ime ons as ion for itu- lel- at B. HAM-ADS ANNOUNCEMENT Effective with the October, 1928, issue of QST the following changes will be made in the rules of this department. The Ham-Ad rate will be 15c per word. The restriction which has limited use of this column to mem- bers of the American Radio Relay League will be removed and advertising may be signed either by company name or by an in- dividual. A special rate of 7c per word will apply to advertising which is obviously non- commercial in nature and which is placed and signed by an individual member of the American Radio Relay League. Please read carefully the following conditions under which advertising in these columns will be accepted. Advertising shall pertain to radio and shall be of nature of interest to radio amateurs or experimenters in their pursuit of the art (2) No display of any character will be accepted, nor ean any special typographical arrangement, such as all or part capital letters, be used which would tend to make one advertisement stand out from the others The Ham-Ad rate is l5c per word, noted in paragraph (6) below (4) Remittance in full must accompany copy No cash or contract discount or agency commission will be allowed (5) Closing date for Ham-Ads is the 25th of the second month preceding publication date (6) A special rate of Te per word will apply to ad vertising which, in our judgment is obviously non-com mercial in natvre and is placed and signed by a member of the American Radio Relay League Thus, advertising of bona fide surplus equipment owned, used and for sale by an individual or apparatus offered for exchange or acdvertis ing inquiring fer special equipment, if by a member of except as the American Radio Relay League, takes the 7c rate An attempt to deal in apparatus in quantity for profit, even if by an individual, is commercial and takes the l5c rate Provisions of paragraphs (1), (2), (4) and (5) apply to all advertising in this column regardless of which rate may apply THE life blood of your set—plate power. Powerful per- manent, infinitely superior to dry cells, lead-acid, Bs, B diminators, Trouble-free, rugged, abuse proof, that’s an Edison Steel-Alkaline Storage, B-battery. Upset elec- trically welded pure nickel connectors insure absolute qiet. Lithium-Potassium solution (that’s no lye). Com- plete, knock-down kits, parts, chargers. Glass tubes, theck-proof jars, peppy elements, pure nickel, anything yu need. No. 12 solid copper enameled permanently perfect aerial wire $1.00, 100 ft. Silicon steel laminations for that transformer 15c lb. Details, full price list. Frank Murphy, Radio 8ML, 4837 Rockwood Rd., Cleveland, Ohio, PURE aluminum and lead rectifier elements holes drilled brass screws and nuts, pair 1”x4” 13c, 1x6” 15c, 1¥"x6”" 17c, 1%”"x6”" 19c. Sheet aluminum 1/16” $1.00, kad $1.00 square foot prepaid, $1.00 or more. Silicon transformer steel cut to order .014” 10 Ib. 25c, 5 Ib. 30c, lss than 5 Ibs. 35c Ib. .022” 5c less per Ib. Not cut 7” wide 15c lb., minimum 10 Ib. postage extra. Edge- vise wound copper ribbon 7 sizes see January QST. Air pocket and stand off insulators 25c each. 4 for $1.00. Glazed porcelain 5 and 6%” long prepaid on 4. Electro- lytic condenser parts, $1.50 prepaid. Geo. Schulz, Calu- met, Michigan. BULLETIN 66-E Lists the Ensall Radio Laboratory re- tivers, transmitters, wavemeters, etc., Item No, 69 and %&-A type receivers are the most modern types for ama- fur reception. Four and eight tubes respectively. We iso make all types of apparatus for any radio purpose, mcluding inductances, power transformers, rectifier units, filter chokes, high voltage variable condensers, plate re- ators, etc, We build to order any apparatus using your parts if desired. Kit and blue print service on any bower amateur station. Write for copy of Bulletin 66-E. Thos. Ensall, 1208 Grandview Ave., Warren, Ohio, 8BDN. Say You Saw It In Q S T — It Identifies You and Helps Q S T with over 3000 IMAGINE an organization of radio “nuts” clients scattered throughout the world, hundreds of them hams, all of them radiowise—dealers, builders, experi- menters. Over $40,000 stock of high-grade receiving and transmitting parts only, no sets. Spend over $5,000 yearly on our own experimenting, carry nothing until it passes our tests. 25c will bring prepaid over four pounds, catalog, circuits, data, etc. Weekly data sheets for experimenters and builders (more reliable data than all radio magazines together)—-20 weeks $1.00, 52 weeks— $2.50. Full dealer's discounts to licensed hams, and radio- wise builders. Fred Luther Kline, Established 1920, Kent, Ohio, HAWLEY Edison element battery and parts standard for over five years. Look at our patent pending connec- tor—no thin wire to drop off—contains 20 times more metal than regularly used. Heavy shock proof cells, fibre holders, etc. Everything for a rapid-fire “B” sup- ply. Complete assembled 100 volt “B’ $10.00. Knock- down kits at still lower prices. Chargers that will charge in series up to 160 volts $2.75 to $4.00. Trickle B Charger for 90 to 150 volt “B” $3.75. Spectal trans- mitter “B” batteries up to 6,000 milli-amp capacity, any voltage. Write for interesting literature, testimonials, etc. B. Hawley Smith, 360 Washington Ave., Danbury, Conn, GENERAL Electric 12-350 volt .143 ampere dynamoter $18. Westinghouse 10-350 volt .08 ampere $20. Complete with effective filter, meter 0-500 volts, panel ete $30. 500 cycle transformers $12.50. 500 cycle generators and gas- oline engine power units. 1500 volt motor generator for DC supply. Unusual machine $150. Fotographs, Henry Kienzle 501 East 84th Street, New York. JEWELL Meters, new, 25% discount. We stock Ham- marlund, Ward-Leonard, Acme, Thordarson, Pyrex, Na- tional, Cardwell, Baldwin, CeCo, Yaxley, Signal, Bakelite, Samson, Raytheon, RCA, Browning-Drake, Fleron, Ferranti, REL, Aero, Eby, Victoreen, Silver-Marshall, Tyrman, Tobe, Shield Grid Tubes, Carter, Bodine, Claro- stats, Air Chrome Speakers, Exponential Horns, Abox, Kingston, Marco, Ham Call Books, Keys, Relays, Buzzers, Exide, Phileo, Westinghouse, Fritts, Newcombe-Hawley. Many other lines of Ham and BCL apparatus. Tell us what you want. Discounts to Hams, dealers and custom set builders only. Roy C. Stage, Montgomery & Burt Sts.. Syracuse, N. Y, FOR sale—Two complete radio transmitters, one 500 watt master oscillator power amplifier, one 500 or 750 watt crystal control power amplifier, UV204, UV204A, UX852 tubes, numerous small parts and other equipment. Write for list and prices. 9KG, Paul Harris, Graham, Brothers, Evansville, Indiana. LARGE 22% volt Rayovac batteries, 89c, RCA 50 watters, original cartons, $12.00, REL 50 watt sockets, $1.50, 6 months guaranteed new 210s also 281s each $4.50, 6 months guaranteed 201As and 199s 79c, Readrite 2 meter tube checker, $3.00, Resistometers 49c, RCA 535 rheostats 29c, other rheostats all sizes, 15c, Willard storage B batteries $1.95, Kodel silent 24, amp. homecharger $4.75, Bradley switches 29c, Federal transformers $1.19, pure aluminum 1/16” thick, sq. ft. 80c, Electrad 5000 ohms, grid leak 50c, rubber panels Ic sq, inch Bakelite panels 2c inch, Amateur Call Books 85c. Westinghouse four volt socket power $6.25, six volt $7.50, Brandes phones $2.50. Free list, everything for hams. D.L. Marks, 125 Madison Ave., Albany, N. Y. sq. ENGRAVING—-Finest workamanship on radio and lab- oratory apparatus panels. A. L. Woody, 19 S. Wells St., Chicago, CURTIS-Griffith 250-watt power-filament transformers 850-550 each side $10.50. Thordarson mounted trans- formers: 550-volts each side; two 7%-volt filaments each $20.00: Thordarson 350-550 power transformers mounted $16.00 ; 1000-1500 power transformers $22.00. Thordarson 650-volt power-filament transformers for 7\4-watters $6.90. Aluminum square foot 85c; Lead square foot 85c. Potter 2-mfd 1000-volt condensers $2.75. “Ham-List” 4c. James Radio Curtis, 1109 Eighth Avenue, Fort Worth, Texas. OMNIGRAPHS, teleplexes, condensers, transmitters, re- ceivers, chokes, meters, transformers, crystals, 50 wat- ters, supersynes, S. Tubes, vibroplexes, electric and port- able receivers. Phone transmitters. Bought, sold ex- changed. L. J. Ryan, 9CNS, Hannibal, Mo. ENGRAVING—finest workmanship on radio and labora- tory apparatus panels. A. L. Woody, 19 S. Wells Street, Chicago, Il. HAVE sold 66 transformers made by G. E. Carry 1000W. 1100-2200-4400v. each side center tap. Guaranteed. Few 91

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left. $ Detroit. “Ask the Ham who has one.” FG 10 Woodrow, Detroit, Michigan, WES volt DC generator 110 AC motor set, g Make cash offer. 6DTL. TRA pplies. 110-12 volt, center tapped, 150 watt formers, mounted, $6.50. Complete eit it rint for above transformer, $4.50. Shell typ. tions of high silicon steel. Send for san astings, set 60c. Send for complete " nstruction material. R, B. Annis, 524 N dianapolis, Ind. QsI r hundred on plain cards, $1.85 on grove Prompt service. 2BEU, 9032 Windom Ave St. Louis, Missouri. SELI Universal receiver with amplifier. Fort Vv. L. Hyatt, 124 N. 8th St., St. Joseph, M LO! rewound and remagnetized, $1.50 to $ Quick service. A. B. Clark, Albia, low QRH e-meter meet the Nineteen-twenty- nir ments? Let us calibrate your wave- meter r frequency crystal Oscillators, to th racy. We build Precision Wave- meter rs for Laboratory and Amateur use. Let es on calibration, or on complete Waver er on our plans or to your speci- ficat VC, the Wave-meter specialist, Lutes- vi QsI 1.00 per hundred, Government card : ram blanks. Stationery. Write for amt rice 9CKA, Corwith, Iowa. SELI It d.c. motor, $15.00. REL short- wave } r Westinghouse wet Bs $6.00. ( $ UP1653, $5.00. Many other part 24/1500 dynamotor. Wm. Hansen, ogg QsI olor, 95c, 150 government cards, $2.5 \ tationery, etc. H, M. Selden, Cre HEAI r hams:—Mueller 150-watt input tubs t 7'4-watt transmitters: tube, trar etcs. 20-40 meters $40.00. Re r and one step $17.50. Aerovox of ndensers $1.75. Potter 2000-volt teste rs $2.50; 2500-volt 1-mfd condensers $3.25 $1.00. “Ham-List” 4c. Robert Curt Avenue, Fort Worth, Texas. 25 1 t Motorgenerator 110-220 Volt, AC drive Volt 750 Watt Motorgenerator 3- phase 1000 Volt 200 Watt Motorgenerator, 110 V 1000 Volt, 450 Watt with 10 Volt 32 Volt drive $150.00. 750 Volt 200 W rator 110 Volt AC drive $45.00; 300 Watt $ t generators $8.50. Couplings $1.75. Hr repulsion induction motors $27.50; Y% Hp H 3450 speed motors $8.50. ™% Hp. direct rs $6.50. Transformers 110-2200 Volt $12.5 tors and generators. James Smat, 1734 [llionis. 29AUR r reports: Now copy 22 per. Quite an per where was anchored fast when heard lio Shortkut through QST. Expect to d further effort. Experimenter rather thar ted attention to operating. ORS SBZP V ts: In the game since 1908. Have taught e using old method. No more of that f e and recommend Dodge Radio Shor Method $3.50 United States—Else- where $ Order. C. K. Dodge, Mamaroneck, New Y HAM n and Prices on Printed Call Cards r ' you want them—9APY, Hinds, 19 Ss. ¥ aro. Til TUT reduced prices. Write for list. Writ agents proposition. Mac, Box TRAN r plate and filament supply. to oper and 500 cycle supply. Filter chok« rpose transformers you can’t get elsew! ir order. Specializing in the buildir te and filament supply transformers and f N G. Seott, New Albany, Mississippi. MOT' regains almost new 750 Volt 200 Watt R Myers direct connected on iron base to 110 V ngle phase alternating motor $45.00. 400 V re connected to 110 Volt 60 Cycle motor Volt 100 Watt 3500 Speed Say You Saw It In QS T — It Identifies You and Helps QS T Western Electric generators with field resistance ead $9.50. Two 1/3 H.P, 110 Volt 3500 speed alternating current motors with coupling to direct connect to abow generators or any machine having a *%% inch shaft ead $11.00. Also a few larger generators and motor geners. tors. George H. Harris, 1911 Chicago Ave., Chicago, I] POSTPAID and guaranteed brand new. Readrite pang mounting, flush type Milliammeters, 0-300 and 0-400 Milk Either type, $1.25. Readrite 0-15 A.C. Voltmeters, flus} type, $3.00. R.E.L. 2000 volt working voltage filter cop. densers, 1 Mfd., $3.10; 2 Mfd., $5.50. Sangamo .002 Mfi 5000 volt tested fixed condensers, $1.75. General Ele. tric 5000 ohm Heavy Duty Gridleaks, $1.25. R. E, L 5000 volt working voltage .002 Mfd. fixed condensers, 7.50. Other prices on request. G. F. Hall, 535 Weg Hortter St., Phildelphia, Pa. WE still have them, Navy five watters in original boxes 7.5 volts filament 750 volts on plate $1.30 each. The bes and lowest priced power transformer on the market 75) each side of center tap for filament, 7.5 volt center tapped filament winding at only $8.75. Shipping weight 1% pounds. Please include postage. COD if desired. E, P Hufnagle, 879 South 18th St., Newark, N. J. CRYSTALS with quality the first consideration. Sold subject your approval. Herb Hollister, 9DRD, Edwards. ville, Kansas. SELL—G. E. mercury arc, used but good condition, § bucks. 250-watt Curtis-Griffith power transformer, mounted; plate 550 each side center tap; filament 10 volts with center tap. 9 plunks. Grebe “RORK” 2-stage ampli. fier, 10 berries. All in excellent condition. 5AQB, Box 11, Comanche, Texas. WANT QSL cards that are different from anything you've ever seen? We print ’em. Write for sampies. 5AHU, Box 46, Comanche, Texas. TRANSFORMERS 1000-750 and 500 each side 250 watt unmounted $8.00. 100 watt 325 each side with two 7% volt windings $5.50. 275 each side and 5 $4.00. 12V-16 amp. $7.00. Specials to order. Chokes, 250 mils 20 to 50 Henry adjustable core, $7.50. 30 to 150 Henry 160 mils adjustable $5.00. 30H, 100 mils $2.00. 3 Henry one ampere, key thump, $3.25. Send for list of materials and specifications. M. Leitch, Park Drive, West Orange, New Jersey. WANT the latest ham doings? Then subscribe to Ham News! Six pages, bi-monthly. 25c for three months. 15917 Muirland, Detroit. SELL—Acme TR-2 200 watt plate and filament supply transformer $16., Thordarson 30 henry 150 M.A. choke $13. two R.C.A. 281 rectifying tubes $6. each, 2 mfd. Tobe 600 Line condenser $2.50, 4 mfd. same $5. All guaranteed never used. William F. Fell, R.F.D. No. 1, Phoenixville, Pa DISCOUNTS to Amateurs:—I can supply the following at regular dealer discounts—Aero Products, Jewell Meters, Ward Leonard Leaks, Signal Keys and Relays, Dubilier Blocking Condensors, REL Parts, Flechtheim Condensors, Thordarson Transformers, Amsco Condensors, Goodrich Panels, I specialize on ham equipment and stock many lines not mentioned here, A postcard brings prices and literature. R. N. Johnston, 66 E. Mill St., Akron, Ohio. WANT G. E. 24-1500 dynamotor new or slightly used. 9NM. SELLING out—250 watt transmitter with W.E. tube $140. 50 watt transmitter with 203 es W. E. 50, $75. Ham stuff. Robert Freeman, Box 124, Adel, Iowa. WANTED: several new or used UV217 Kenetrons. Write and give prices. 5ACL. HAVE you bought your Master Radio Wavemeter yet? If not, why not? Join the ranks of thousands of satis- fied users and enjoy the benefits of having a precisely calibrated Wavemeter! Only $5.50 and $8.50, but worth more. Four coil plug-in, 15-200 Meters. Send for full description. Specials: Raytheon Kino-lamps—$12.00. GE Cooper-Hewitt neon lamps—95c; socket—20c. Scanning discs in stock. Dudlo-wound 50 henry, 300 milliampere chokes—$2.85. Fada power rheostats—40c. Dubilier .002, 6,000 Volt condensers—$1.80. See June Ham-ad for Pure rectifier elements and copper tubing inductance. Send for free catalog. ‘Quick Service’ William Harrison, 35 Ft. Washington Ave., New York City. WE stock Tobe Deutschmann (Mueller) transmitting tubes. 250 watter $81.75, 30 watter $12.75, 8 watter $5.10, These are now capacity short wave tubes. 6EX Recto bulbs $15.00, 50 watter $20.00, Jewell $7.50 meters $5.50, Ant. meters $9.50. 99.6% pure alcoa heavy aluminum 70c sq. ft., acme No. 12 enameled wire 95c 100 ft., 5000 volt Sangamo cond. $1.50, extra large 82.2—85.7 crystals PU