QST 1928-07: Vol 12 Iss 7

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iin | DEVOTED ENTIRELY TO #4 TYPE yn in t this e sec- g the | Such | a suf- PF: choke PUBLIZHED JINCE (915 BY THE AMERJCAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE INC.” board | s de- thus ng of One inch mfer- ns of - this low- rtant »-fre- is it Rose pros- even any uing New Oo a rhai. vat? . et a as ‘ Automatic,, G «je ete, CQitis ye JULY 04) R 1928

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The Official Organ of the AR RL VOLUME XII JULY, 1928 NUMBER 7 Editorials ° . . ° ‘ ° ° ° ° ° ° ° Frequency Precision . . : Hiram Percy Mazim Standard Frequency Transmissions from WWV ° ° ° ° . ° . ° Some Notes on a Visit to the Naval Research Laboratory ° ° é Ross A. Hull New England Division Convention : . ‘ ‘ ‘ . What is Amateur Radio Traffic? : : , é ‘ ; ‘ Paul M. Segal Vanalta Division Convention ° , . , , : ‘ IX V-1IXAN , : : : Gordon G. Macintosh A Phone Transmitter for the Beginner or Advanced Amateur , R. Wm, Tanner Notes on Filter Circuit Design . ° ‘ : D. E. Replogle & James Millen Some More About the Family . ‘ ; , ‘ : ‘ A. B. Chamberlain The Hudson Division Convention ‘ . . ° . A Super-Regenerator for Short Waves ‘ : . ‘ . : George B. Hart Relays for the Amateur ° ° , : , ° , : G. F. Lampkin Official Wavelength Stations , ‘ . : : . . Tests on a Method of Voltage-Feeding the Antenna . . ‘ , Joseph Fuchs Becoming an Operator in 15 Minutes : ° ° ° . ° Don C. Wallace Filament Supply Progress . . ‘i ‘ ; ‘ . W. J. Halligan A Resonance Testing Method : ‘ , , ° ‘ ° ‘ A. E. Teachman Concerning Amplified Absorption Modulation ° ° ° : Severiano Justi A Simple High Frequency Oscillator ° ° P ° ‘ William H. Christie Reducing the Cuss-Quotient . ; ‘ ‘ . » ‘ ' Jack Paddon A Mounting for Space-Wound Coils . ° ° ; . ‘ Guy E. Pigford Communications Department I. A. R. U. News Calls Heard Correspondence Central Division Convention Hamads QRAs QST is published monthly by The American Radio Relay League, Inc., at Hartford, Conn., U. 8. A. Official Organ of the A.R.R.L. and the International Amateur Radio Union Kenneth B. Warner (Secretary, A.R.R.L.), F. Cheyney Beekley, Editor-in-Chief and Business Manager Managing Editor and Advertising Manager Harold P. Westman, Ross A. Hull, David H. Houghton, Technical Editor Associate Technical Editor Circulation Manager Subscription rate in United States and Possessions, Canada, and all countriesin the American Postal Union, $2.50 per year postpaid. Single copies, 25 cents. Foreign countries notin American Postal Union, $3.00 ber year, postpaid. Remittances should be by international! postal or express money order or bank draft negotiable in the U. 8. and for an equivalent amount in U. §. funds. iuntered as second-class matter May 29,1919, at the post office at Hartford, Connecticut, under the act of March 8, 1879 Accept- ance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized September 9, 1922. Additional entry as second-class matter, acceptable at snecial rate of postage provided for above, at Springfield, Mass.. authorized September 17, 1924. Copyright 1928 by the American Radio Relay League, Inc.. Title registered at United States Patent Office. Member of the Radio Magazine Publishers’ Association.

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The American Radio Relay League The American Radio Relay League, Inc., is a non-commercial association of radio amateurs, bonded for the promotion of interest in amateur radio communication and experimentation, for the relay- ing of messages by radio, for the advancement of the radio art and of the public welfare, for the representation of the radio amateur in legislative matters, and for the maintenance of fraternalism and a high standard of conduct. It is an incorporated association without capital stock, chartered under the laws of Connecticut. Its affairs are governed by a Board of Directors, elected every two years by the general membership. The officers are elected or appointed by the Directors. The League is non- commercial and no one commercially engaged in the manufacture, sale or rental of radio apparatus is eligible to membership on its board. _ “Of, by and for the amateur”, it numbers within its ranks prac- tically every worth-while amateur in the world and has a history of glorious achievement as the standard-bearer in amateur affairs. Inquiries regarding membership are solicited. A bona fide in- terest in amateur radio is the only essential qualification; ownership fa quisite. President HIRAM PERCY MAXIM Drawer 2102, Hartford, Conn. Vice-President HARLES H. STEWART : David's, Pa. tn General Manager H. K. RUSSELL 5 Mail Bldg., Toronto, Ont. \tlantic Division UGENE C. WOODRUFF { W. Fairmount Ave., state College, Pa. Central Division CLYDE E. DARR Hill Ave., Highland Park, Detroit, Mich. President ... .« Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Communications Manager Dept. of Elec. Eng., Directors Dakota Division C. M. JANSKY, JR. U. of M., Minneapolis, Minn. Delta Division BENJ. F. PAINTER 424 Hamilton Nat’] Bank Bldg., Chattanooga, Tenn. Hudson Division DR. LAWRENCE J. DUNN 480 East 19th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Midwest Division PORTER H. QUINBY 817 Lauderman Building, St. Louis, Mo. New England Division DR. ELLIOTT A. WHITE Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H. Northwestern Division K. W. WEINGARTEN $219 No. 24th St., Tacoma, Wash. Officers of a transmitting station and knowledge of the code are not prere- Correspondence should be addressed to the Secretary. Pacific Division ALLEN H. BABCOCK 65 Market St., Southern Pacific Co., San Francisco Roanoke Division W. TREDWAY GRAVELY Box Danville, Va. Rocky Mountain Division PAUL M. SEGAL Box 1771 Denver, Colo. Southeastern Division HARRY F. DOBBS c/o Dobbs & Wey Co., 245 Spring St., N. W., Atlanta, Ga. West Gulf Division FRANK M. CORLETT 2515 Catherine St., Dallas, Tex. ° « H1raM Percy Maxim, Hartford,Conn. . . . CHas. H. Stewart, St. David’s, Pa. KENNETH B. WARNER, Hartford, Conn. ArTHUR A. HEBERT, Hartford, Conn. F. Epwarp HAnpy, Hartford, Conn. ess General Correspondence to Executive Headquarters, Hartford, Conn.

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EDITORIALS E’RE getting all steamed up about W the possibilities of our 10-meter band. With this band opened to amateur occupancy but a few weeks, transatlantic and transcontinental daylight work already have taken place. Good sig- nals from low power, too, and no particu- lar difficulty about holding the frequency steady enough to work. A number of sta- tions on each coast are having a great old time blasting away in transcontinental work all through the daylight hours of each week-end, pioneering in the new region and giving a demonstration to the Federal Ra- dio Commission and the world at large that the American amateur will find a way. If foreign amateurs would get going on the 30-Mc. band we’d surely have some nice in- ternational DX, Such frequencies are supposed to be use- less for ordinary communications. We may well wonder how it happened that these useless frequencies seemed to yield the mo- ment we tackled them. We’re entitled to be decidedly suspicious of the situation. How does it happen? Is the joy going to be taken out of life by the discovery that there is something bug-house about this business? That is exactly what Dr. Taylor of the Naval Radio Research Laboratory tells us. He says that the Kennelly-Heavi- side Layer has been most abnormally low for some months and that that could well explain our success. When it rises to where it belongs, he says (and it threatens to do so immediately, now that our organized 30-Me. tests have started), we oughtn’t to hear a thing with the methods we are now employing. Well, we shall see. Considering that 30 Me. is normally useless even for communi- cation witth the Antipodes, that Layer must have strayed a great long ways from home to make our recent communications accord with current theories. If every- thing goes blotto on 30 Mc. soon, we’ll have to accept the theory and look around for methods that offer greater promise. All of the work to date seems to have been done along perfectly conventional lines with half-wave Hertzian antennas or with the usual amateur antenna operating at some harmonic. As far as we know not one of the hundred-or-so stations experi- menting on this band is using a reflector. Theory indicates the need for controlling the angle of radiation before 10 meters will do its stuff, Horizontal reflectors seem likely to help. A. Meissner of Berlin de- scribes some interesting work at an 11- meter Telefunken station in last Novem- ber’s Proceedings of the I.R.E. The sta- tion communicated with South America. A horizontal antenna was used, with a hori- zontal reflector under it, and the reflector could be rotated to change the angle of re- flection. Best results with South America were found at 38 degrees from the horizon- tal, but almost as good results were had at 80 degrees, nearly vertical. Try and figure that out! According to Hoyle and Taylor —we mean Hulbert and Taylor—that wave, if it got reflected at all, would have to make some hundreds of reflections before it zigzagged to Rio, and Hertz himself wouldn’t be able to recognize it when it got there. Which leads us to a gorgeous idea. It probably isn’t any good but the concept is magnificent. We know that because we got it up ourselves. Why not use one of Prof. Hertz’ horizontal antennas, one of Herr Meissner’s horizontal reflectors, and a few of Dr. Yagi’s horizontal directors, direct the beam substantially vertically, and there let it shatter itself to bits against Prof. Kennelly’s well-known Layer, to splatter down R9 signals all over the world to the utter confounding of all Taylor skip-zones! Just like a fire-hose, with its nozzle pointed at the center of the ceiling, would provide a sure-fire method of wetting down every square inch of the floor in jig time. This idea, if it works, must be known as the War- ner Splatter System, or the Splatter Warner System as the case may be, Otherwise it is conveyed free of charge to a breathless world. No more fade-outs, no more skips, one wave for any distance. I’m Queen of the May and, besides, Napoleon and I have a date and anyhow I’m not going riding in the black wagon, Officer! But seriously, stranger things have hap- pened. We present the dizzy idea feeling that this is one page in QST in which we can be technically unsound if we want to be to illustrate an idea. Our thought is to sug- gest that the ultimate taming of 30 Mc. may

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wel metl emp! venti rega the f rect struct Stan ve the evolution of gear and of radically different from those we day, so that departure from con- lines and independent and con- thinking are to be encouraged. The OST JULY, 1928 goal is well worth it. That 10-meter band contains more channels than we have at 20 meters and 40 meters combined, and we shall need them badly next year. Hail, then, the 10-meter pioneers! K. B. W. Frequency Precision By Hiram Percy Maxim, President A.R.R.L. If somebody were to ask you the question, ‘What is the big outstanding em in amateur radio today’?, what would you reply? I had given the matter considerable thought, so I was ready My answer was, ‘FREQUENCY PRECISION.’ Come next January first, every radio station in the world must posi- y be on its assigned frequency or in its assigned frequency band, That’s the new international treaty regulations go into effect. rican amateurs gets outside our bands after next January first it becomes If a Turkish station is bothered by one of us, diplo- » representations will be made to Washington, and the entire U.S. Govern- machinery must, if necessary, be set in motion to see that it does not Our treaty promises require this. Let it be a frequent occurance, to have foreign governments complaining Washington that American amateurs are transmitting outside their assigned ds—what is likely to happen then? amateur radio is likely to get hurt. other day. with my reply. nternational offense. en again. REQUENCY PRECISION. As we climb up into the super frequencies, as we do when we use forty rs and below, frequency precision becomes a problem of the first magni- But we have been confronted with technical problems in radio engineer- that are of the first magnitude for fifteen years. one of them. We shall master this one. e among us who are going to get badly hurt. 3’ SAKE GET INSIDE YOUR BAND AND STAY INSIDE. It was asked me When one of us It makes one shudder. To put it Therefore, this question of And we have mastered But in the process there are The moral is—FOR GOOD- rd Frequency Transmis- sions from WWV RTUNATELY the “headway” ved at the Bureau of Standards ifficient for a monthly magazine, must as usual drop off some of schedule sheet since it will be fore it can be printed and sent ls of these transmissions have nany times in the past and are ‘-explanatory if the transmission ) carefully. there has been criticism in this is but fair to call attention to it is perfectly proper and cor- rtain regions to be unable to hear certain of the frequencies from WWYV. This does not in any way prove that WWV is an inferior station, but simply confirms the fact that some frequencies are not suited for certain distances, The very good record of WWV in being received con- sistently over a large part of the world is in itself proof that such talk is nonsense. Schedule of Frequencies in Kilocycles. Eastern Standard July Aug. Sept. Oct Time 20 20 20 22 10:00-10:08 P.M. 3000 125 300 650 10:12-10:20 3300 150 350 750 10 :24-10 :32 3600 175 400 850 10 :36-10:44 4000 200 450 950 10 :48-10:56 4400 225 500 1050 11:00-11:08 4900 250 550 1200 11:12-11:20 5400 275 600 1350 11:24-11:32 6000 300 650 1600

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and ; 20 ail, JULY, 1928 OST Some Notes On a Visit to the Naval Research Laboratory By Ross A. Hull* of an amateur in Timbuktu or, for that matter, in Tibooburra (yes, that’s in Australia) and could make mention tc its owner in some way of the call “NKF”, his face would be illuminated, without doubt, by a light of understanding. “Ah!” |: you could stroll into the radio shack nificance accomplishing great things in the most delightfully direct and unassuming manner possible. It is, he finds, the sort of place in which amateurs, in their dreams, find themselves permitted to twiddle knobs, jiggle clips and wreck 250 watters for ever- more. “THE VERY PLAYGROUND OF SHORT WAVES, SKIP DISTANCES AND KENNELLY-HEAVISIDE LAYERS” At the extreme left. near the horizon, is the dome of the Capitol in Washington. The large open area near the top centre of the picture is famed Bolling Field. On the right sit the buildings ef the Naval Research Laboratory. he would gurgle in more or less broken English, “at Washingtong—ah yes, the Naval Research Laboratory.” For of all the centers of activity in short-wave radio development, none has quite the same ap- peal to the amateur as that at Bellevue near Washington. NKF, the call used for experimental work, has provided a grand thrill for the thousands of amateurs who have communicated with the Naval experi- mental stations using it; and NKF and the Naval Research Laboratory have always been synonymous. Then, to the amateur, Bellevue will always be known as the very birthplace of practtcal crystal controlled transmitters}. To the amateur visiting the place, however, it is more, much more than this. It is to him the one brilliant ex- ample of a laboratory of the highest sig- *Associate Technical Editor, QST. In charge A.R.R.L. Technical Development Program. +“Navy Developments in Crystal-Controlled Trans- mitters,"” QST, November, 1925. Photo Courtesy U.S. Navy Bellevue, as we found on arriving in Washington, is not in or even near the lat- ter city. It is just $2.50 away by taxi if the meter is not out of adjustment. The drive is through thickly populated suburban areas as far as the famed Bolling Field but soon after that the road breaks away into open rolling country, with heavy hedges and a wealth of foliage crowding the road on both sides. The brilliant white buildings of the Naval Research Laboratory sit off in a neat group on the river flats right at the banks of the Potomac. In fact, if one jumped from one of the several dozen an- tennas available, one could readily lob in the muddy waters of that famous stream. Of course, we put on our best cool-calm- and-collected manner as we wandered around from laboratory to laboratory with Commander A. Hoyt Taylor, U.S.N.R.F., and agreed in our most blazé tone that of course it was desirable to have equal in- ductive paths between units in the high

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voltag Hea. - 3 } side For tuned current the an amp! able grid tenn antenr hapt manag at all t many teresti us. or els« or eq once in the grid that « about intends We “forced used, a of short v ondenser bank but inwardly we eyed. For was not this The Naval Laboratory—the very playground aves, skip distances, and Kennelly- layers! And here were we, in- ills, squizzing with apparent un- jungles of frequency standards, na —_——— These are rot | 14 | /eewers 7 the | «sues Sense - le ¥ | 7he entire syshem S tured a3 & unit fo the cesred move deeceel THE FOLDED CURRENT-FEED ANTENNA r operation the entire system would be 60 or 120 meters in order to place a at the inductance. For 40-meter work would be tuned to 40, 120 or 200 meters. perature chambers, harmonic nd oscillators of every conceiv- maze of receivers and screen- fiers, its transmitters and an- more transmitters and still more \t the end of the day, we were ] we had seen everything. r artificial unconcern, we had THE “TROMBONE” ANTENNA TUNING SYSTEM t a sharp and searching look therein. Of course, a great saw, though intensely in- | no particular significance for failed to understand them vere built around 20 Kw. tubes un-amateur apparatus. Just vhile, however, perhaps buried f a pair of 500-watt screen- we would see something ir amateur eye. And it is ld things that we originally rite. d, for instance, that where intuned antennas were not urrent-feed affair could be OST JULY, 1928 found almost invariably. For general non- directional transmission, it was explained, the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 proved thoroughly practical and_ satisfactory. There is nothing new about the antenna. It is the same rig (tuned to a harmonic that gives a current anti-node at the in- ductance) that some amateurs have used for years, but it was splendid to find that it was used by the Naval engineers. When our new antenna goes up, we thought, after we have proved to ourself on paper that a three-quarter wave long tuned feeder is the best, we will crawl onto the roof with a coil of wire and put up a folded current feed affair with full confidence. “Anyway,” we will be able to think, “the Navy uses it”. Then, we might try the “trombone” antenna tuning system used by Dr. Taylor on the experimental 20 Kw. 21,000 Kc. (14.28-meter) transmitter at the “field sta- tion”. It is arranged as shown in Fig. 2, the tuning of the antenna being accom- plished by the simple expedient of sliding the “jumpers” to or from the lead-ins. As the “jumpers” are moved away from the lead-ins, the wavelengths of the system is, of course, increased. The actual “trombone” system was built of heavy copper tubing suspended from the ceiling with large pyrex stand-off insulators but there is no reason why the amateur should not obtain results with heavy an- tenna wire strung tightly across the room and fitted with ordinary pyrex antenna in- sulators. While on the subject of antennas, we must mention the antenna coupling used on the experimental 21,000 Ke. transmitter. The plate inductance of the “tank” of the final amplifier tubes consisted of an incom- plete rectangle of about %” copper tubing, the small sides consisting of movable “jumpers” to permit rough adjustment. The plate leads from the amplifier tubes were taken to heavy clips spaced about eighteen inches on the long side of the rectangle and the two antenna leads were taken from clips on the same rod spaced about nine inches. Here was a mere twenty kilowatts being tapped off a nine-inch length of tubing! For general reception, it would seem that no special type of antenna is used, but we were deeply interested in the evidences to be found of extensive experiment in direc- tional reception. The “wire fence” Bev- erage system shown in Fig. 4 would seem to be splendidly adaptable to special ama- teur work. The system consists essentially of two “feeders” spaced about six inches to which are connected, at intervals of a few feet, short “collectors”. The system in use at Bellevue was five wavelengths long and had collectors extending about three feet on each side of the “feeders”. It

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JULY, 1928 would seem, however, that even a single- wavelength long antenna shows marked directional qualities and that “feeder” spacings and “collector” lengths are not matters of any great importance. Dr. Tay- lor, in discussing the merit of the arrange- ment in reducing interference and improv- ing the background-signal ratio, suggested that if the “collectors” were arranged in a horizontal instead of a vertical plane an even greater reduction in background noises probably could be secured on account of the marked vertical polarization of waves arriving from near-by sources of interference. Our first impression on entering those laboratories devoted to the development of receivers and transmitters was that no tube circuits were considered complete unless they were “push-pull”. The screen-grid tubes of the short-wave radio frequency amplifiers were arranged in “push-pull” fashion and were followed, in all of the new receivers with “push-pull” detectors. In the transmitters (which are crystal con- trolled almost exclusively), “push-pull” crystal oscillators were followed by “push- pull” amplifiers in each stage. Nowhere Copper Eubing FIG. 3. THE PLATE “TANK” OF THE 20-Kw. 21,000 Ke. EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMITTER A large incomplete rectangular turn is used for the plate “coil” and the 20 Kw. of antenna power is tapped from a nine-inch section of it. could a tube be seen without its “push-pull” companion. In the receivers, the scheme is employed on account of the stability, ease of adjustment and gain provided by it. In the transmitters, the arrangement permits doubled power output from the crystal oscillator and from each amplifier stage. In addition, it allows a beautifully symmet- rical mechanical arrangement of the tubes and their circuits, and correspondingly ef- fective neutralizing of the various stages. Navy practice in the operation of crystal controlled transmitters is, by the way, unique. If one should go to any of the centers of learning and activity in New York State or Massachusetts and suggest that the crystal be connected to the grids of a couple of 50-watt tubes supplied with 400 volts at about 250 m.a.—with 10 am- peres in its plate “tank” (representing 50 OST 11 watts or more of output), there would be, without question, loud yells of horror. Yet in the typical Bellevue transmitter two such tubes, operated in just that manner, are used to excite a pair of 250-watt frequency doublers and these, in turn, serve to drive a pushing and pulling pair of 10-kilowatt ether wreckers. The three tubes following ‘ See. al ! a> F —" - f : } — 4 } yp —— A SECTION OF THE SPECIAL BEVER- AGE RECEIVING ANTENNA The system, detailed in the text, has the disad- vantage, for amateur work, of being so splendidly adapted for use as a trellis for the family’s sweet peas. FIG. 4. the crystal in the more conventional trans- mitter would be a 201A, a 171, and maybe, a 210! Of course, not all crystals can be operated in the Navy manner, as we know from sad experience, but when cut and ground correctly, it has been shown definite- ly that they can withstand the treatment described without heating unduly, without consequential frequency drift, and without any unusual danger of cracking. Another feature which permits a valu- able reduction in the number of necessary stages of amplification is the unusual method used for frequency doubling and trebling. By its use, a very much greater power step-up can be obtained in the am- plifiers than is possible with the ordinary scheme of plucking harmonics from the amplifier plate “tank”. The method, we discovered, is to run the grid bias of the amplifier tube far above the usual value to the point where the tube draws plate current only when the exciting voltage from the oscillator or previous amplifier is near the peak of its positive half cycle. If the amplifier is to be used as a frequency doubler its plate circuit is tuned to the double frequency and its bias is adjusted to the point where plate current is passed during that fraction of the positive half cycle of the exciting voltage which corre- sponds to one half cycle of the new fre- quency. The amplifier “tank” will, under these conditions, be given a jolt on every other positive half cycle, and so will be maintained in a condition of oscillation. When the frequency is to be trebled, the bias is run still higher so that the time interval is reduced to correspond to a half cycle of the new frequency. Surprising

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40 t 30 t being new cort oOrat time placs appre supp! tuning powe T venie! lengt bour fittec tape the the fa us de when cided switcl arrang mount throug to the then can be by fi adjustr As lowed more § being of ita plifiers teur ra The ger sary, as efficiencies are obtained in the am- perated in this manner, values of percent for frequency doublers and 5 percent for frequency treblers not nusual. ystal control rig, we surely will in- When we get around to our this stunt. eeding through the various lab- we came across, from time to ne new experimental transmitter cess of adjustment and we could Aopicteer MY A TYPICAL “PUSH-PULL” CRYSTAL- 20OL, OSCILLATOR AND AMPLIFIER ree and Condenser capacities are of order as the those in the usual type of crystal- ransmitter. For the sake of clearness the supply leads and center-tap have been eing impressed by the precise and | manner in which the adjustment g was carried out. In the first engineers showed clearly that n of the danger of high voltage which is usually so lacking in ama- Even in the low powered rigs accomplished either with the or with the aid of a most con- tuning stick” consisting of a bakelite rod %” in diameter th ‘friction tape’ at one end and a wire loop at the other. The was used to rotate dials while erved to manipulate switches. ral usefulness of the gadget and ty with which it was used made right then and there to build one got home. Another thing we de- rig is a portable key and power the type used at Bellevue. The ent is simply a key and switch n a small board and connected two long pairs of flexible leads ansmitter. This “portable key” can sarried across the room, if neces- adjustments are carried out, and placed on the floor and operated should both hands be required for nts of manipulation. » day wore on and laboratory fol- aboratory, rprised at the extent of the work nducted and the novelty and interest we became more and The more we write about it, how- OST JULY, 1928 ever, the more we become convinced of our inability either to tell the whole story or to create a complete and accurate impres- sion of the few matters mentioned. Even so, we must tell of our visit, late in the afternoon, to the “field house” a half mile or so from the main buildings. It was here that we were permitted actually to “assist” Dr. Taylor and his assistant in the tuning of the 20-Kw., 21,000-Kc. transmitter. The larger experimental transmitters, where 10,000 volts or more are in evidence, are tuned by at least two engineers who keep well clear when the power is on. “Power off,” yells the engineer at the switch to the other when adjustment is to be made. “Power off,” repeats the second engineer before either of them move. When the alteration has been made, the warning “High voltage coming” is yelled by the man at the switch. Those same words must be echoed by the second man before the switch is thrown. Aside from this procedure, the tuning business was just like the tuning of a “ham” station on a very large scale. Our part was the adjustment of the “jumpers” on the “trombone” and this was “hammish” enough for us to feel very much in our element. We were even more at home when a meter was wrecked and when a sizzling corona developed between one end of an inductance and the frame. “Why,” we thought, “our own transmitter can do all the things this one can.” An hour or so later the merry whine of the water cooling pump was lost in a sud- den report, a flash of flame and a scramble to the switch. We had at last shared in the wrecking of a 10 Kw. “bottle”. Could we have wished for a finer thrill? “This is something our own transmitter will never do”, we reflected. New England Division Con- vention (Maine Section) July 13-14, Augusta, Maine HE Y.M.C.A. is the place where all meetings will be held, except the Ban- quet, which will take place at the Augusta House. The Committee has pre- pared a good program and cordially invite all “Hams” in the New England Division to come to Augusta for a real good time and relaxation. Of course, visiting ama- teurs who might be spending their vacations in the State will receive the glad hand if they show up.

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928 our y or pres- Even . the mile here sist” ning ers, nce, who on. the 3 to ond hen ing nan tch ing ‘as JULY, 1928 OST 13 What Is Amateur Radio Traffic? An Opinion Prepared for the Consideration of the American Radio Relay League Under the Law and Regulations Now Effective By Paul M. Segal* his epinion on our rights.—Editor. The question of the amateur’s right to engage in message traffic is an increasingly im- portant one, particularly in these days when our frequencies and our ranges are directly com- parable with those of the commercial radio stations which work alongside us. tendency in some quarters to the feeling that it is improper for us to handle messages of any importance, a tendency which, carried to its logical conclusion, would reduce our Communica- tions Department to the same impotent basis as the traffic activities of foreign amateurs where the governments enforce a monopoly on behalf of the state-owned communications. article Mr. Segal, the League’s General Counsel, analyzes current law and regulations, and gives There is a In this sages may be handled by American amateur radio stations. Several attempts have been made under the treaties, the law, regulations and license provisions to set forth more clearly the answers to the questions raised, but as the general questions are answered specific ones arise. An attempt should therefore be made to set forth, as clearly as possible, the law applicable. Stating the problem in its most general form, we have the following query: What is an amateur message and what are the features or elements which may enter into its source, text or method of handling to deprive it of that classification? Similar problems have agitated other fields of activity and in many cases with less possibility of solution. In athletics, for example, the opposite of ‘amateur’ is ‘professional’ and thousands of agencies cver a period of many years have devoted their best efforts to attempts to draw the line of demarcation between the two groups. The distinguishing element there is the question of compensation. Yet even this distinction has become the subject of controversy. A recent example is the quar- rel during 1927 between the International Olympic Committee, the Federation Inter- national de Football and the Football As- sociation of England over the question of whether a football player might accept compensation for the loss of time from his employment during his attendance at the Amsterdam Olympiad. Athletics has never arrived at a plain or universal standard for the solution of the problem and it is still being bitterly agitated. The most that can be said is that an athlete’s amateur stand- HERE has been much discussion of what messages and types of mes- *General Counsel, A.R.R.L.; Director, A.R.R.L. Rocky Mountain Division; 9EEA, Denver. ing depends upon the rules of the particu- lar conference or association to which he belongs or in which he desires to compete. In the radio field one element of com- plication is eliminated. We have, in this connection, no such thing as an amateur operator status. This is recognized by the law. Under the radio regulations an op- erator holding a commercial license may— by virtue of that license only—operate an amateur station. Also an amateur operator who, for example, has spent the summer as a ship operator, is not by that fact dis- qualified as an amateur after the fashion of the college baseball player who has spent a summer playing professional baseball. In radio there are two opposites to ‘ama- teur’: ‘non-amateur’ and ‘commercial’. These two are not mutually exclusive. In using these words we must bear in mind that they are of wide meanings and that one can, in working out the amateur or commercial aspect of a particular fact, give effect to one’s preconceived notions by the definition used. According to Webster’s New International Dictionary, an amateur is ‘one who is at- tached to or cultivates a particular pursuit, study or science, as music or painting, from taste, without pursuing it professionally.’ Commercial, by the same authority, is ‘of or pertaining to commerce; mercantile; hence, variously: occupied with commerce; engaged in trade.’ From the first of these definitions it would appear that an amateur radio station is one maintained and operated by an amateur as above described which is not used as or as part of the profession or occupation of the amateur. An amateur message would be any message handled by amateurs and ama- teur stations, regardless of source, text or compensation. If our inquiry could end here the problem would be easily disposed of, but in radio the

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ust e word ‘commercial’ instead of the word ‘professional’, as one of the opposites of iteur’, introduces further complica- W eet two tasks. The first is classify- ing ation either as amateur or non- am r. This can be done easily by ref- eren the definition above and the legal definitions which will be given below. If a statior maintained out of taste and not as a ness or profession or as part of such, if it is kept up for amusement, for scier nterest, for purely personal aims, it i amateur station; if it is kept up as ness or profession or for the pur- pose assisting in the conduct of a busi- nes r the advertisement thereof or for pecul y gain, it is non-amateur and has no rig ) operate under an amateur li- cense, under an amateur call signal or upon any e wavelength bands set aside for ama ise. Our ond task is that of supplying standards by which we can segregate from this broad amateur field all that in radio can | alled ‘commercial’, such as commer- cial raffic, commercial correspondence, etcet For, even though a station may fall v n the classification of an amateur station (as distinguished from what is here called n-amateur), that station cannot lawfu handle commercial correspondence. Thi nd task presents difficulties. But the t must be performed in view of the Rev Regulations Governing the Opera- tion Amateur Stations (No. 132 Radio Serv Bulletin, 12) which provide that ‘amat tations are not authorized to “F nduct any form of commercial corr dence.’ We t bear in mind that the classes ‘commercial’ and ‘non-amateur’ are not mutually exclusive. A station may be both commercial and non-amateur. The station itself may be non-amateur without being comm In either event it is not an amateur station, and if licensed as such the law will eliminate it under very simple interpretations. Much greater difficulty arises the classification of messages as disting d from the stations which handle them. We must determine whether, for example, a message which does not deal with amateur transmission or stations as its bject matter is for that reason a commer message. What do the words ‘comn ‘amateur’ and ‘non-amateur’ mean v 1 we apply them to messages? Aside from the simple dictionary defini- tion of mmercial’ which is given above, it is p that there are at least four dif- ferent nses in which the word may be used ¥v 1 applied to radio traffic: (1) mmercial in the sense that it somes er the protection of the commerce OST JULY, 1928 clause of the Constitution of the United States (Art. I, Sec. 8) which vests in Con- gress the exclusive right to regulate inter- state and foreign commerce. But un- der such an _ interpretation all uses of an amateur’ transmitter’ consti- tute commerce [Whitehurst v. Grimes, et al, 21 Fed, (2d) 787; Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America v. Commonwealth, 218 Mass. 558, 106 N.E. 310, Ann. Cas. 1916C 214; Sec. 1, Radio Act, 1927]. If such construction were placed upon ‘commercial correspondence’ the regulation referred to would nullify the law creating amateur stations. Therefore that construction should be disregarded for present purposes. (2) Commercial in the sense that the text of the message comes within the dic- tionary definition of ‘commercial’ given above. Under such a construction an ama- teur would not be permitted to handle any correspondence relating to barter and trade, to merchandising or commerce. He would be prohibited, for example, from sending over the radio an order for a suit of clothes for himself to a tailor who also had an amateur station but he would be permitted to exact a transmission fee of ten dollars from a sick person for using the radio to summon a physician from a neighboring town. He could place a poster in a lobby of a hotel to the effect that for a flat charge of one dollar per message he would send ‘greetings via radio’ to anyone in the world but he would not be permitted to send a radio message to a dealer that a rise in the price of fixed condensers was being planned. Any such interpretation of ‘commercial correspondence’ is illogical. Its legal aspect will be discussed below. (3) Commercial in the sense that the person whose name is signed to the mes- sage receives some gain or benefit from the transmission thereof. Under such a construction, if the person signing the mes- sage would have been compelled to use either the wire telegraph, the air mail or simple postage for his message in the ab- sence of an amateur station, the message is commercial because through amateur radio the sender saves ninety, ten or two cents as the case may be. Announcements by radio that the message sender expected to arrive in the addressee’s city by a certain train would be forbidden. Most of the messages now generally handled by ama- teurs would be prohibited. Reducing this theory to its logical extreme, an Official Relay Station of the American Radio Relay League would not be permitted to use his station to rush to the headquarters station, 1MK, a late Section Communications Man- ager’s report for publication in QST because by so doing the amateur saves the S.C.M. the cost of a wire telegram. Such a con- *

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JULY, 1928 struction, of course, would place an amateur in a perilous predicament every time a message is tendered either in origination or relaying as its true character depends upon the situation and mental attitude of the signer of the message over whom he has no control and of whom he often has no knowledge. Another objection to this construction is that it would permit ama- teurs to charge for ‘greetings via radio’ messages, for certainly, in most instances, such messages can only be sent by amateur radio. It has been suggested that a reason for this construction is that the United States Government, which licenses amateur radio stations, is under a duty to protect the revenue of enfranchised telegraph com- panies from inroads by amateurs. The mere statement of this proposition, how- ever, is its own refutation. In the first place, wire telegraph companies hold no franchise from the federal government. That government is no more under a duty to protect the revenue of telegraph com- panies than it is that of railroad companies and if this alleged obligation of protection did exist, it would also be necessary to pro- hibit automobilists from giving free rides to pedestrians along transcontinental high- ways. The principal relationship between the federal government and the telegraph companies is this: Congress has the ex- clusive right to regulate them under their interstate activities and, under the Act of Congress of July 24, 1866, (14 Stat. L. 221, Rev. Stats. Sec. 5263 et seq.) guarantees the rights of the companies to construct and maintain telegraph lines along certain roads. Charters and franchises of tele- graph companies are derived from the sev- eral states. It is not true that the federal government is under any duty to protect an organized business from compctition resulting from the progress of science and invention. (4) Commercial in the sense that the station or operator knowingly and inten- tionally derives some financial benefit either directly or indirectly from the handling of the message. Such a construction seems to accord with similar language in other connections. An amateur artist paints or draws because he is studying art, because he likes the work as a relaxation, because he wants to amuse himself or his friends. A commercial artist paints a picture because he has been hired to do it and expects to be paid for it. A professional artist de- rives his livelihood from art. Here is a field in which the three terms ‘amateur’, ‘commercial’ and ‘professional’ may all be used. So also an amateur traveler is trav- eling because he desires the education and amusement afforded, while the commercial traveler is on the road for a specific pur- pose because he expects to get paid for it. Ost 15 Innumerable such examples suggest them- selves, such as commercial and amateur ‘movies’, theatricals, aviation, etc. The world is full of activities which may be pur- sued either for profit or pleasure and in which the question of remuneration is the sole distinguishing feature between the amateur and the professional or the ama- teur and the commercial. If this question of compensation is the true test, there is then a corollary to it. An amateur is free to transmit or not as he sees fit. He accepts nothing for trans- mitting and cannot be held liable if he faile to perform his promise. A commercial message must be transmitted. There is consideration and a contract. Failure to transmit the paid message to its destina- tion would make the operator liable in damages. There is freedom for an amateur message and compulsion for a commercial message. This being the case, in all in- stances where there is doubt, under the presently considered definition of ‘commer- cial’, this further test may be applied: if the operator is legally free to handle or neglect the message, it is amateur corre- spondence; if he is under any compulsion to accept the message for transmission or to transmit it after he has accepted it, the message is commercial correspondence. Having considered these various possible constructions of the expression ‘commercial correspondence’, the legal provisions in ef- fect may now be examined. The Radio Act of 1927 (47 U.S.C.A. Secs. 81-120) contains the first statutory refer- ence to amateur stations under that desig- nation. In Section 21 the Act says: ‘A per- mit for construction shall not be required for . . . amateur stations.’ In Section 27 it says ‘that this section (on secrecy) shall not apply to the receiving, divulging, publishing or utilizing the contents of any radio communication broadcasted or trans- mitted by amateurs for the use of the gen- eral public or relating to ships in distress.’ It will at once be observed that these references attempt neither to authorize nor to define amateur communication. The one section recognizes amateur stations as an already existing type and the other recognizes amateur operators as an already existing class. This indicates the intent of the Radio Act of 1927 to recognize and deal with amateur stations and traffic as those stations existed and as that traffic was conducted at the time the Act was passed (February 28, 1927). At that time amateurs had been existing only by virtue of the Radio Law of 1912 (47 U.S.C.A. Secs. 51-60) and such voluntary rules as they had, through the American Radio Relay League, imposed upon themselves. The only provision of the 1912 law which

Page 14

approached a description or definition of an amateur station or its traffic was Regula- Fifteen of Section 4, which provided: No private or commercial station not engaged in the transaction of bona fide commercial business by rad communication or in experimentation in con- nection with the development and manufacture of radio apparatus for commercial purposes shall use e tranemitting wavelength exceeding two hundred " etcetera. meters s language plainly makes the distinc- tion above referred to between amateur and non-amateur stations and is a legal recog- of that distinction. It is true that the Radio Law of 1912 was repealed by 1 39 of the Radio Act of 1927 but the quoted must nevertheless be con- ad in interpreting the latter. In addition to this provision of the Radio yf 1912, there were in effect innumer- able practices, customs, extra-legal regula- ti and voluntary restrictions at the time the Radio Act of 1927 was passed. These Sactiny are properly to be considered in an inquiry as to the significance of the term ‘amateur’ as used in that Act. By way of illustration, th are the extensive rules of the Com- munications Department of the American Radio Relay League which were quite gen- erally observed; there are the several types age blanks prepared by the League ed by its members and containing nation for the message-filing and n ge-receiving public on the type of me ges transmitted and the rules of ission. There are also for considera- tion the many thousands of messages of all types and character handled for the public each month and the constant em- pha placed upon the fact that these mes- _ sages were handled absolutely free of all charge whatsoever. Unlimited and con- clusive evidence could be adduced to prove be} l any question that at the time of the enactment of the Radio Act of 1927, it was the well established custom of amateur stat » handle messages of all kinds and im} nee provided only that the handling was thout compensation of any kind to tn iateur. aid in Davis on Law of Radio Com- on, 28: . r stations outnumber all other classes in . ed States and are scattered over the entire ro Their transmission is chiefly by the tele- grat de, and is carried on for pleasure and ex- perimentation Although these stations constitute in fact a communications system covering the United States, they are not used for gain.’ (Italics ours) On November 25, 1927, the International Radiotelegraph Convention was signed at Washington, D. C., after a conference last- ing more than six weeks. It was ratified in executive session by the United States Senate on March 21, 1928. It will go into effect and become part of the ‘supreme law Ost JULY, 1928 of the land’ on January 1, 1929. In Article 1 of the General Regulations annexed to the treaty, we find the following language: The term ‘private experimental stations’ means: A private station intended for experiments with a view to the development of the radio tech- nique or radio art; 2. A station used by an ‘amateur’ i.e., by a duly authorized person interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest. This language unquestionably strength- ens the view that the proper construction of the term ‘commercial’ is that discussed as number (4) above. In addition, we have the following sig- nificant language in Article 6 of these Regulations: 6. (1) The exchange of communications between private experimental stations of different countries shall be forbidden if the Administration of one of the interested countries has given notice of its op- position to the exchange. (2) When this exchange is permitted the com- munications must, unleés the interested parties have entered into other agreements among themselvs, be carried on in plain language and be limited to mesa- sages bearing upon the experiments and to remarks of a private nature for which, by reason of their unimportance, recourse to the public telegraph service might not be warranted. (Italics ours.) The use of the italicized language would surely not have been necessary if its effect could have been obtained by the use of a term such as ‘commercial correspondence’ under the theory of construction number (3) of that expression as above. On March 7, 1928, the Federal Radio Commission, in General Order Number 24, said: ‘For the purpose of clarifying the amateur situa- tion the Federal Radio Commission has adopted the following definition and regulation: an amateur sta- tion is a station operated by a person interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim and with- out pecuniary interest. Amateur licenses wil] not be issued to stations of other classes.’ This gives present effect, in the United States, to the definition of the Treaty set out above. On March 6, 1928, the Federal Radio Com- mission (see No. 132 Radio Service Bulletin, 12) caused to be issued certain Revised Regulations Governing the Operation of Amateur Stations, which provide, after a repetition of the language of General Order Number 24, among other things, that: ‘Amateur stations are not permitted to communi- cate with commercial or Government stations «n- less authorized by the licensing authority except in an emergency or for testing purposes. This restric- tion does not apply to communication with small pleasure craft, such as yachts and motor boats. holding limited commercial station licenses which may have difficulty in establishing communication with commercial or Government stations. ‘Amateur stations are not authorized to broad- cast news, music, lectures, sermons or any form of

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1928 Article xed to yuage: leans : eriments 10 tech- a duly ie solely interest. ength- uction ‘ussed y sig- these etween untries one of its op- + com- s have ») ™mea- marks their graph ours.) rould fFect of a ence’ nber ‘adio » 24, situa- i the d in with- not ited set om- tin, ised of der JULY, 1928 entertainment, or to conduct any form of commercial correspondence.’ (Italics ours.) The italicized portion may be the subject of controversy. The Federal Radio Com- mission has made no explanation of what it means by conducting ‘commercial! corre- spondence’. Isolated by itself, without any legal background or context, the expression might fall into any one of the four classes of construction above discussed. In the absence of explanation or further definition by the Commission we have the duty, then, of construing the expression, and in so do- ing we must bear in mind the following factors: 1. In the first paragraph quoted, the word ‘commercial’ is used twice as adjective before ‘stations’ and in the _ second paragraph once as_ adjective’ before ‘correspondence’. It is reasonable to assume that it is throughout used in the same sense. As is well known, a commer- cial station is a station operated as a busi- ness for gain or profit. 2. The Regulations repeat the language of General Order Number 24, giving color to the Regulations by the use of the ex- pression ‘pecuniary benefit’. 38. In connection with radio communica- tion, as is above set forth, the interpreta- tion of ‘commercial’ as ‘for gain’, is the only reasonable one. 4. The language is not framed as though it was intended to destroy an exist- ing custom but rather to prevent the de- velopment of a new one and it is found conjunctively with the prohibition of broadcasting of entertainment, an activity in which amateurs have not heretofore engaged. 5. Section 27 of the Radio Act of 1927, in the portion quoted above, dealing with certain exemptions from the secrecy rule, refers to ‘radio communication Sar transmitted by amateurs for the use of the general public’, clearly recognizing a traffic existing in America by amateurs for the public. 6. The Federal Radio Commission hav- ing copied from Article 1 of the General Regulations attached to the treaty, the language of General Order Number 24 and the language of the second paragraph of the Revised Regulations, we must assume that if they had intended to place in effect in the United States the provisions of para- graph (2) of Article 6 of those General Regulations, they would have copied that also, instead of using different terms hav- ing a generally accepted and a logical meaning contrary to paragraph (2). So much, then, for the present situation. AN AMATEUR OPERATOR, AT AN AMATEUR RADIO STATION, MAY, UN- Ost 17 DER THE LAW, ACCEPT FOR TRANS- MISSION, TRANSIT, RELAY OR DE- LIVER A MESSAGE OF ANY KIND OF TEXT, IMPORTANCE OR SOURCE SO LONG AS NO MONEY OR OTHER VALUABLE CONSIDERATION IS DI- RECTLY OR INDIRECTLY PAID OR PROMISED HIM OR CHARGED OR ACCEPTED BY HIM, subject of course to the general laws against obscene or profane language over the air. The principle can be illustrated by a few cases taken from inquiries received at American Radio Relay League headquarters. 1. Two amateurs, A and B, at cities X and Y, have an operating schedule. Branch offices of the Z corporation are located at each city. A is employed with the Z cor- poration as a clerk. Subsequent to the employment of A, the branch manager of the Z company discovers the radio connec- tion and asks A to transmit company re- ports via the radio schedule from X to the branch manager at Y each evening. Under this state of the facts, the amateur would be entitled to handle the traffic. If the manager offered A a weekly increase in salary on condition that A handle this traffic, it would then become commercial correspondence and a _ violation of the Regulations. If A had originally obtained his clerical position merely because of his radio schedule, with the traffic handling in contemplation, the traffic would likewise be a violation of the Regulations. So also, if, having obtained the position without reference to radio, the handling of the traffic were made a condition of his keeping it. If the manager told A to take time from his clerical duties each afternoon be- tween two and four for traffic handling for the Company, the traffic would be commer- cial. If the Z Company undertook to fur- nish A with any of his equipment in con- sideration of handling traffic for them, the traffic would be commercial. 2. The X Radio Club enters into an arrangement with the Y Hotel that if the hotel will furnish a room for the club meet- ings, its amateur members will handle radio greetings messages for guests of the hotel free of charge. This is commercial correspondence and prohibited even though the consideration for the traffic goes to the club rather than the individual members and even though the consideration comes from the hotel and not from the guests for whom the messages are handled. 3. Radio station 9UVW is the property of and is maintained by a daily newspaper. It has a daily schedule with station 8WVU which latter station transmits to the paper, free of charge, items of news interest from the city in which it is located. Under these circumstances 8WVU is within the law.

Page 16

clea tion tion for tion inst teur Ren f 4 Try} Gen T Re the rer eit< res of } m¢« of tl ene

inter +h, the rati hi? that right by spaper station, however, is iolating the law. The news- pape tation is a non-amateur §sta- is maintained with a pecuniary e saving of telegraph tolls and yn of the amateur communica- m as a news gathering agency vn benefit. If the newspaper sta- leasts news to the general public f collecting it, it is still non-ama- at it is maintained for the ad- vert nt of the newspaper and its con- seq financial benefit [see Jerome K. nd Company v. American Auto- cessories Company, 5 Fed. (2d) X Radio Club places a poster at ile tourist camp ground reciting lesiring to send radio messages free of charge from the stations ib members. This is lawful. ing, some speculation might be 1 as to the right of the Federal mmission, should it so desire, to Regulation quoted and attempt to effect, for American amateur com! ation, the drastic rule which will internationally effective under gulation 6 (2) quoted above in L to prevent amateurs from hand- ling sages otherwise important enough ver the line telegraph. The right leral Radio Commission to enact is, to say the least, very doubt- f the Radio Act of 1927 pro- ows: ° 4 t as otherwise provided in this Act. from time to time, as public con- or necessity requires, shall,- be the nature of the service to be ren- lass of licensed stations and each sta- ny class.’ similar language elsewhere in juires the order of the Commis- such connection to be made in onvenience, interest and neces- gulation like 6 (2) which would effect of emasculating the ama- 1 and crippling the development iteur art merely to prevent a ful competition with telegraph ould hardly be sustained as be- public interest, convenience and amateur undoubtedly has a roperty right in the station he his right to continue in the This right not only entitles use of the station as a personal but also to give away certain fits accruing from the owner- tation. The attempt to divest a regulation not of a police OST

JULY, 1928 character, not closely allied with the public safety, health or morals and not even tend- ing to any public good in its reasonable consequences, would very probably be held to violate the Constitution of the United States. But these are questions not for the pres- ent, and, it is to be hoped, not to be raised in the future. a Vanalta Division Convention July 28-29, Vancouver, B. C. AIL to the “gang”! For the third time, we, the B. C. Amateur Radio Association, are going to stage the annual A.R.R.L. Convention and extend to all radio amateurs a cordial invitation to attend our affair. A good program has been prepared, and we now have our own club house to help entertain visitors. Ed. S. Brooks says there is only one thing to do to make him feel good as the Secretary of the Association and that is to drop him a card saying you will be there. His address is, Radio Room, Court House, Vancouver, B. C. F Strays S$) ‘ The list of ‘Amateur Radio Stations of the United States’, published annually by the Government Printing Office at Wash- ington, is now promised to be available in adequate quantities in subsequent Issues. In past issues the supply generally has been exhausted a few months after ap- pearance. Word was generally distributed some months ago that the supply of the last edition, dated June 1927, was exhausted. This now proves incorrect, the supply mere- ly having been mislaid during a movement to new quarters, and at last reports 600 copies were available. This list is accurate to its date, and inexpensive. Copies may be had at 25c each (stamps not accepted) from the Superintendent of Documents.

\ = MEGA THE HAT WHO HAD A DATE AND A SKED ON THE SAME NIGUT § & @ @

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lic id- ble eld fed PS- ed ne he to e, JULY, 1928 OST IXV-1XAN* An Experimental Station with the World as Its Laboratory By Gordon G. Macintosht The Kennelly-Heaviside layer (if any) and the routing of short-wave signals hold few secrets for 1XV-1XAN at which station some of the experimental work conducted formed the basis of that brilliant treatment of antenna problems ‘Directional Properties of Transmitting and Receiving Antennae’ which appeared in the March, 1928, QS7'.—Editor. HIS station is sponsored by Col. E.H.R. Green, who has provided the means and facilies for short-wave radio experimentation under the supervision of the Electrical Engineering Department, Communications Division, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and is located on his beautiful Round Hill estate at South Dartmouth, Massachusetts. Should we journey seven miles down the Atlantic coast from New Bedford, enjoy- ing the country scenery and the fresh sea the big stone mansion with the lawns, greenhouses, windmills, the farm, the duck pond, two sets of radio towers high in the air, the ‘lighthouse’ containing the public address installation, and the whaling ship ‘ Charles W. Morgan.’ Anchor chains mark the edge of the roadway while large anchors of ships that have passed on for- ever, greet us at the forks of the roads. The towers near the mansion support the antenna for the _ broadcasting station, W MAF, where Mr. Shirley L. Davis, better rN Se eee ° = 4 . ai be ee ee — “se ‘ oop —_— a go RE es RR RA ae 3 on LER ee ES ine Se toe in eh. ee Sn a x Ss nt ee VERTICAL DOUBLETS SWING WHERE ONCE DOUBLOONS WERE BURIED A general view of the station and antenna systems. Suspended between the two masts is the system shown in Fig. 22 on page 24 of the March QST with the differ- ence that four vertical wires are used instead of the eight shown on the diagram. Many other vertical voltage feed antennas are sprinkled over the landscape. air, we would find ourselves at the entrance of Round Hills. A half mile further and we would be in sight of the ocean again and *Contribution from the Colonel E.H.R. Green Shortwave Radio Research. tResident Operator. known in our circles as 1BHS, holds forth. Inside the station, a complete Western Electric 1-Kw. transmitter is installed along with a public address system that provides entertainment during the summer months to hundreds of visiting motorists,

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thi the large group of loudspeakers mour at the lighthouse. Let us continue another half mile down beach and we arrive at our rea ination. The ocean waves are towa the WHERE HIGH-FLUNG THEORIES COME TO EARTH The operating room of IXV-IXAN as seen on entering the atatior distribution beard, broadcast transmitter power board, broad- cast transmitter with 50-watt 60-meter transmitter on top, the transmitter, the 50-watt, 20-meter and 250-watt, 40- At the right are the broadcast speech in- put e pment, short-wave receivers and wavemeter and, in 30 Ke. intermediate frequency amplifier of the short- ‘flexible meter ransmitters. front he wave super. The author is holding down the key (and the chair spla x within fifty feet of 1XV and we are, y, on the sandy beach. Looking to- wal he ocean, a group of the Elizabeth Islar including the well known Cutty- hur visible on the horizon. To our left, 3uz is Bay, where once the New Bed- ford whalers passed on their way to the sea he last of the old whaling ships, the Cha W. Morgan, lies enshrined in a bed f almost within the shadow of our ste vers. A monument to the days of Ww hips and iron men. (They didn’t na gio). uilding wherein we find 1XV has oms; a studio, an operating room an generator room, and still houses the orig WMAF broadcasting station, a Wi n Electric 2A, 100-watt transmitter, that we are familiar with the sur- rs, let us enter the operating room, shown in the photograph exactly as we see the m on entering. From left to right are two power control panels convenient to the rator, followed by the 2A broadcast tral tter. The flexible transmitter de- scril in November, 1926, QS7T, may be seer the left on the rear table alongside of which are two transmitters in panei form. One is designed for 20 meters using a 50-watt tube, the other for 38 meters using a UV-204-A. Far back in the corner, barely visible, is a 20-meter breadbroad set ploying a UV-204-A. Some of the trans- OST From left te right can be seen the short-wave power JULY, 1928 mitters are designed in panel form for semi-permanent installation, while others are breadboard arrangements to facilitate experimentation. One of the photographs shows the rear view of the UV-204-A, 250-watt, panel-type transmitter. Four tun- ing controls on the front provide ease of adjustment. Two con- densers are used for antenna tun- ing, while the others are oscillator tank circuit and grid condensers. Inductances and other equipment are mounted on the rear frame- work, as shown in the photograph, The coils are mounted on a small wooden base which may be slid into place between wooden guide rails, thus permitting quick change of the inductances and adjustment of coupling. Power and keying leads are brought to the rear and terminate in binding posts. The advantages of this type of trans- mitter arrangement include ease and permanence of adjustment to any desired wave band; ready ac- cessibility of parts, short solidly- supported leads, combined with a neat appearance and _ reasonable cost. Next we see the back of the op- erating desk. To the left of the operator is the Western Elec- tric speech input equipment, part of the original WMAF - station. Three plug-in coil receivers, on the desk, cover wavelengths from 15 to 200 meters and may be used with or without a superhetero- Standard Short-were tuner end detector I. XK [r F o— L—on pitas — ae” | a? LE 4h A >—OB+ fst Det nO hed FIG. 1. THE STANDARD SHORT-WAVE RE- CEIVER WITH CHANGE-OVER SWITCHES The detector and one-step is similar in lay-out and constants to ordinary receivers used by thousands of amateurs. This diagram is given to show the ar- rangement of the switches used to change the out- put of the detector from the audio amplifier te the intermediate amplifier when the super-heterodyne is to be used, and to hitch the output of the inter- mediate and second detector to the audio tube. dyne amplifier shown directly in front of the operator. Two and sometimes three re- ceivers are used simultaneously for multi- plex reception as suggested by J. K. Clapp in QST for March, 1926. Motor generator controls are mounted conveniently at the operator’s left. sti

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for 1ers tate ‘ear att, bun- vide -on- ator ers. ent me- iph. nall slid lide nge ent ing and The ins- ase > to ac- dly- ible op- the lec- ree ver and ro- and ter- of re- Iti- pp tor the JULY, 1928 It was felt that more sensitive receiving equipment was necessary, and for that rea- son the superheterodyne unit was con- structed to be used in conjunction with the receivers mentioned. After considerable experimentation in the Com- munication Laboratories of the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology, the breadboard model, x shown in front of the operator, was decided upon and has been lap used during the past year. The | output of the first autodyne de- : tector is transferred to a filter and three stages of tuned and neutralized transformer-coupled radio frequency amplification, by merely throwing a double pole switch. The intermediate ampli- F!G. . fier was tuned to 30 Ke., using fixed capacities across the sec- ondaries of the specially de- signed transformers, and will only pass signals that are with- in one kilocycle of 30 Ke. That Ost 21 The room on the right of the operating room (as seen in the photograph) was originally the studio but is now used for an experimental laboratory which at the moment contains 20- and 40-meter trans- det G (pube detecuon) Vs Whaler bagel a INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY AMPLIFIER, - DETECTOR AND LONG-WAVE HETERO- DNYE OSCILLATOR T-30 Ke. transformers, Primary, 500 turns of No. 30 wire center-tapped wound outside secondary. of same wire. Formers 4” outside diameter, %4” Cn—10-pyfd. variable neutralizing condensers. Ct—Approximately 6000 wuufd. parallel used to tune to 30 Kc.) Secondary, 1000 turns wire slot. small (several condensers in is, the amplifier will pass a band of frequencies approximately two Ke. wide. The output of this amplifier is connected to a sec- ond detector employing plate rectification and back to the sin- gle audio stage in the receiver, by way of a second double-pole double-throw switch. By throw- ing the switches one way, we have an ordinary detector and one stage receiver; L1—3-Henry Samson chokes. Cg—2000-uufd. fixed condenser. R—1 megohm Cbh—1-ypfd. fixed condensers. Cp-2000-wufd. fixed condensers. L2—Oscillator coil with windings same as transformers. Windings connected in series, junction used as center-tap. Cy—250-uufd. variable condenser. When set up for operation jumpers are run between the terminals X, Y, M and N shown on the diagram to the terminals similarly designated on Fig 1. mitters, broadcast receiving equipment and switching to the other side we have the superheterodyne arrangement. An oscillator isconnected in the grid circuit of the second various other pieces of apparatus that one finds in a laboratory. The walls are shielded and provided with a special sound-proof covering, in order to make the room suitable for use as a studio. To the left of the operating room is the generator room. Two complete motor-generator units, mounted on concrete bases, sup- ply the power to transmitters throughout the station. For plate voltages below a thousand volts, a THE SHORT-WAVE SUPER-HETERODYNE RECEIVER Robbins and Meyers unit, con- sisting of a one-half Kw. genera- The 30 Ke. tuned and neutralized transformer-coupled ampli- fier follows the standard short-wave receiver at the left. Either the usual two-tube receiver or the complete super may be placed in operation by throwing two switches. A screen-grid amplifier hag been built for the work (and rebuilt three times) but it has not yet proved the equal of the outfit here shown. tor and a filament generator, both driven by a Wagner 2 h.p. motor, is used. For higher plate voltages, an Esco unit is used which con- sists of a 3,000-volt, one and one- detector for the reception of c.w. signals. All battery leads have chokes and by-pass con- densers to prevent interaction of the cir- cuits. For the entertainment of visitors, the output of this super is sometimes con- nected to the speech amplifier equipment and DX signals amplified a la R-50 or so. This superheterodyne has also successfully operated tape recorders on many DX sta- tions. half Kw. generator and a 15-volt, one-half Kw. generator. This unit is driven by a Wagner 5 h.p. motor. Another small Esco motor generator is used for field excitation. Along the rear wall a bench extends from side to side. At present an 80-meter trans- mitter is installed here, with ample room for others. A work bench, rows of shelves for storing extra equipment, a 10-amp. Tungar charger, Willard storage ‘B’ bat-

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xide ‘A’ batteries and a high volt- ag wer transformer for use when a.c. red, complete the power room equip- from the generators go directly ywer panels in the operating room, ; in the left of the photograph. D pole single-throw switches provide for transferring power to any one 4 TYPICAL TRANSMITTER RIG R view of the 250-watt, 40-meter transmitter. Th ill at the left with variable condensers above it constitutes the antenna tuning and coupling system. The coil at the right with the variable condenser below it comprises the oscillator : Above it is the variable grid condenser. and below the transmitter benches located three rooms. Three meters at the the power panel are in sight of the r at all times, and thus the filament plate voltage and current are al- wn, although the transmitter in not be within sight of the opera- Individual power switches are i on each transmitter bench in each three rooms and wiring brought to ge posts conveniently located. There- we have three transmitters on a ench and wish, for instance, to two of them simultaneously, all necessary is to adjust the power switches for the particular room se the bench switches for the de- e Hartley circuit is used in nearly all cases in transmitters using UX-210, UX- 852, UV-203-A and UV-204-A tubes. Com- n sations are carried on with various inputs from 10 to 1,000 watts, on neies from 3,000 to 100,000 Kc. OST JULY, 1928 Vertical half-wave antennas, fed by two- wire voltage-feed lines, either one quarter or three quarters wavelength long, are used almost entirely for average communi- cations. After considerable research, this type of antenna has been selected for its general adaptability and consistent per- formance. Solid copper enameled wire is used for both antenna and feeders. Feeder lines are separated by wooden dowels boiled in paraffin. Experimental work at this station has consisted of: (1) the development and ex- tended operation of short-wave receiving and transmitting equipment; (2) a study of the variation of the cut-off wavelength (the minimum wavelength at which signals are audible for a given distance) for dif- ferent times of day and seasons of the year, mainly between 1BYX and this sta- tion; (8) a study of fading on various wavelengths; (4) a study of the 38-meter transmissions to points throughout the world, during a period of two years, which permitted the plotting of skip-distance maps for various times of day and night and seasons of the year; (5) the compiling of reports of foreign signals, their time, date and wavelength as they are received at this station; (6) a study of practically all types of antennas employed for short- wave transmissions, including small direc- tive (beam) systems; (7) a study of the variation of signal strength at the receiver as the direction of the transmitting an- tenna is changed in space, and (8) a study of the radiating characteristics of 3-meter antennas, Whenever research activities of the sta- tion permit, the station is always glad to communicate with amateur stations in any part of the world, and is particularly glad to receive reports on the reception of its signals. All communications will be answered. In times of emergency, or in times when the need for special communi- cation is urgent, the station is glad to of- fer its facilities and to be of any assistance possible. Communication with various ex- peditions, and with stations located at out- lying points of civilization, has been main- tained in many instances in the past, and the station is always interested in being of assistance in such cases, The technical work of the research is un- der the direction of J. K. Clapp (1BYX- 1BJN), of the Electrical Engineering De- partment, M. I. T.; Howard A. Chinn and Lloyd T. Goldsmith, of the same depart- ment, are in charge of the laboratory and field investigations. Thi tior to ste: shit lars get! anc will as

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928 two- arter are 1uni- this r its per- re is eder oiled has 1 ex- ving tudy ngth nals dif- the sta- ‘ious 1eter the hich ance ight iling ‘ime, ‘ived cally 1ort- irec- the “iver an- tudy eter sta- d to any glad * its be r in juni- » of- ance , @xX- out- \ain- and g of un- YX- De- and yart- and *ex-IBZY 8CMU, 1720 Delaware St., Cal. JULY, 1928 Ost 23 A Phone Transmitter for the Beginner or Advanced Amateur By R. Wm. Tanner* of argument. Some think that it is of no use at all while others agree that a good phone is decidedly worth- while. There are few, if any, real good amateur phones. The reason for this is due, mainly, to the use of an unstable os- cillator coupled closely to the antenna and modulation accomplished by either loop or the constant-current system. The loop is out of the question if quality is considered. It is also a “HAM” way of doing the thing. Constant current modulation varies the voltage to the plate of the oscillator and shifts the frequency at which the circuit is oscillating in a manner similar to an unsteady plate supply. The only difference being that the variation is at speech fre- quencies rather than just the supply fre- MONG the amateur fraternity, the radio phone is the cause of a lot quency. The result is broad tuning and lots of interference in the immediate vicinity. Another “red mark” against the phones is the use of a plate supply that contains a large percentage of a.c. hum. Who wants to strain their ears trying to pick out a few words all garbled up with 120-cycle a.c. Let us see what constitutes a good ama- teur phone . It means, first, a carrier wave that is absolutely steady. Second, that the ac. or commutator hum in the plate sup- ply is weak or practically non-existant when the microphone is not being actuated. Third, undistorted speech. I might men- tion more but these are the main points to watch, Crystal control gives a 100 percent. steady signal but is inflexible as to the shifting of frequency. An oscillator with a large capacity across the tube elements to- gether with a fairly high grid leak resist- ance followed by a neutralized amplifier will emit a good steady signal. While not as steady as a crystal it will answer the purpose. A filter containing two 30-henry chokes and about 10 ufd. of shunt capacity, prop- erly placed, will not pass enough of the ac, component to be noticeable. Modulating on the grid of the P.A. to- gether with a speech amplifier using a good reliable make of audio transformer and sufficient grid bias will not give any trouble in obtaining undistorted speech. This form of modulation is shown in Fig. 1. The one requirement of the speech am- Berkeley, plifier is that sufficient voltage is available from transformer coupling the 171 to the r.f. amplifier, Modulation is accomplished by varying the bias on the power amplifier tube in accordance with the speech input. This should not be confused with similar Neutral; eeaing a . Osc ; hd) ~~ +e ¢ ' = c— = 17) a ' ' = ' = ifs) | 4 ; ' i ‘ ° + ov - + SOV - ' - Modulation System | F- FIG] THE ESSENTIALS OF THE CIRCUIT The modulator portion may be borrowed from a good BC receiver. The transformer in the plate cir- cuit of the 171 may be any of a number of good output transformers designed to couple the 171 to a loud speaker. modulation applied to an oscillating tube. There is not anything near a linear rela- tion between output and grid bias in an oscillating tube circuit, whereas there is a thoroughly satisfactory relation between them in an amplifier circuit. Now that we know what is required for good phone transmission, let us construct one built around these ideas. Fig. 2 shows the complete circuit. There are four tubes in all, a UX-210 as power amplifier, a UX- 171 as oscillator and a UX-171 and UX- 201-A as speech amplifiers. The last audio amplifier may be a UX-112 if desired as the output voltage will probably be high enough to swing the grid of the 210. OSCILLATOR It will be noticed that the oscillator cir- cuit is a shunt feed Hartley. This was chosen for no reason other than the fact that it oscillates easily and is very sim- ple to put into operation. With proper adjustment, a UxX-171 will furnish suf- ficient excitation to the grid’s of two 210s as power amplifiers (if two are desired for greater output). However, do not make the mistake of overloading this circuit or

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strips of celluloid and colodion. ing too much energy from it or it ecome unstable. There is little sense aving a master oscillator if it is at all] able. ; well to use a large value of shunt and a small number of turns in uned circuit, The output is then not nuch affected by variations in plate ament voltages. For operation in the r band, the tuning inductance con- f 8 turns of No. 12 enameled aerial space wound and held together with The dia- r is 8”. This method of winding has mentioned in QST before so there is ed of saying any more’. A tap is off at the center for connection to ilament. The tuning condenser is ted across all of the inductance (from to plate) and has a capacity of .001 The grid condenser is .0005 pfd. and nted by a 10,000-ohm grid leak. The blocking condenser has a capacity of ifd. An r.f. choke is connected next he plate and consists of 300 turns of }4 cotton covered wire on a 1” form. 100 turns are spaced, then 100 vund and the remaining 100 scram- und. This enables the choke to be down to about 20 meters with small at all waves.* To keep the plate volt- t exactly 180, two of the R.C.A. glow may be connected in series and placed the plate supply. However, this is olutely. The 180 volts is obtained the high voltage supply through a re- nee. The filament is lighted from a age battery. THE POWER AMPLIFIER circuit must be free from bad wir- high resistance and poor insulation. exciting voltage for the grid is ob- ned by taking an inductive drop across rt of the oscillator coil. The number of ns is not especially critical so the grid tion may be made directly to the end of the oscillator inductance. The coil for 3500 Kes. (85 meters) has irns of No. 12 on a 3” form with the spaced as in the oscillator coil. For Kes. (160 meters), this should have An r.f. choke is placed in the » high voltage lead close to the plate but not too close. This choke is a sate of the one in the oscillator. The coil is tuned by means of a .00025- condenser. The filament voltmeter a range of 0 to 10 volts. A milliam- er is connected next to the r.f. choke. Jee page 34 of the June, 1928 and 16 of the ember, 1927 issues of QsT.— Ed. ch a choke will give fair action over a broad r For good choking over a narrow band, the e described on page 27 of the October, 1927 issue ecommended.— Ed. Ost JULY, 1928 This has a range of 0 to 50 m.a. The meter is mounted on the panel with a piece of two-wire lamp cord attached to the terminals, On the end of this cord is a telephone plug. The plate circuits of all of the tubes, except the first speech ampli- fier, contain a closed circuit jack. This makes it possible to read the plate current of each tube. If two tubes are used in the power amplifier, a resistance should be connected across the jack in that circuit as the current here will some times run as high as 80 mills. The resistance should be of such a value as to give a full scale reading when the current is 100 mills. The manufacturer will furnish the resistance at a nominal price. A small size 45-volt “B” battery is used to supply the grid bias and must be variable in small steps. About the best way to vary the voltage is to use a high resistance potentiometer. A Frost 50000-ohm affair will be about right. The adjustment of the grid bias will be taker up later. The secondary of the last audic transformer, in the speech amplifier cir. cuit, is connected between the negative of the grid battery and the r.f. choke. THE ANTENNA CIRCUIT The antenna coil has 8 turns of No. ll wire 3” in diameter. Coupling to the am plifier plate coil is variable up to about 3’ which is sufficient. A radio frequency am meter may be used if desired to shov the antenna current but is not necessary If one is to be built into the set it shoul/ have a range of 0 to 1 or 2 amps. A .00025-ufd. variable condenser is cor nected in the antenna lead to tune thi P. being power, E. voltage and I current SPEECH AMPLIFIER This part of the transmitter is merel a good audio amplifier with a power tube in the last stage. The quality depends, # great deal, upon the type of coupling trans formers. Do not make the mistake @ building a phone transmitter of this typ and then installing a set of $2 transform ers. The result will surely be rotten quality Hundreds of broadcast listeners are no¥ listening in on the short waves and yo may be received by some of them. Afte listening to good quality from the B.C. ste tions for the past few years, any amatev station sounding as if the operator ha marbles in his mouth, would be in for! nice razzing. Fellows, if you would only gé that a.c. out of your signal and build! good speech amplifier, you would receive! great many cards from the short-war BCL’s saying that they heard your “pr gram” or “broadcasting” (they call @ transmitting broadcasting). Usually thet BCL’s are truthful, If they say you am

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, 1928 . The a piece to the ‘dis a of all ampili- This surrent ised in duld be cuit as run as should 1 scale ls. The istance 45-volt id bias About to use Frost The taken audio Yr cir. tive of No. 1 ie am out 3’ ‘'y am shov Sssary shoul s. A cor > this irrent nerely > tube nds, # trans ke | type form ality JULY, 1928 loud and the quality is good, you may be sure that they have spoken the truth (which is more than can be said of a lot of amateurs). But to get back to the story. Three transformers are required. Silver-Marshall type 220s are used throughout although there are a few others that will answer as well. One of the 220s is used as a modula- tion transformer with a Baldwin type C headphone as a microphone connected in the primary. This gives much better quality than a regular carbon grain type. A 22.5-volt battery, in series with the ‘microphone’ is not always necessary. First try to work without it, then connect it in the circuit. Whichever way works the bet- ter is the one to use. One quarter meg- ohm grid leaks are connected across the secondaries of the first two transformers. The bias on the first stage is 4.5 volts and on the last, 40 volts. It should be ob- tained from batteries rather than from resistances in the ‘B’ supply. The fila- ment of the 171 tube is lighted from a 5- volt winding on the power transformer. It may be lighted from a storage battery as is the 201-A filament, It is a good plan to place a milliammeter in the plate circuit of the 171. It should have a range of 0 to 25 M.A. If the read- ing deviates from normal when talking, distortion is present and speech input should be reduced. All of the speech am- plifier parts are mounted in a separate cabinet and placed near the receiver. FILAMENT AND PLATE SUPPLY A transformer, rectifier and filter fur- nishes the plate and filament voltages. Only 8 rectifier jars are needed with a % megohm resistance shunted across each cell. This was described on page 44 of the December, 1927 issue of QST. These re- sistances should not be left out as they are the secret of non-heating chemical recti- fiers. The transformer primary is tapped to make up for any variation in the 110- volt line. This coil is wound on a fiber or bakelite tube 2%” in diameter and 6” long. It consists of 239 turns of No. 16 enamel wire tapped at 203, 209, 215, 219, 223, 229, 235 and 239 turns. This takes care of any voltage between 102 and 120. A layer or two of heavy paper is placed over the pri- mary and the filament windings of 16 turns of No. 12 d.c.c. and 11 turns of No. 16 d.c.c. for 7.5 and 5 volts respectively are wound on. Three or four layers of paper are put over this and then the high voltage sec- ondary is wound on in two equal sections of 1200 turns each. No. 20 d.c.c wire is used. The outside lead of one section is connected to the inside of the other, which becomes the center tap for full-wave rec- OST 25 tification. After all of the coils are wound, the entire unit should be well tapped. The core is made up of a bundle of stove pipe iron wire about about 2” in diameter or just large enough to fit tightly into the au Gre WR TAGE ¢ FIG. 2 THE COMPLETE CIRCUIT WITH ALL THE NECESSARY RESISTORS, METERS, ETCETERA The filaments of the master oscillator and first audio tubes are supplied from a 6 -volt storage bat- tery. The other two filaments are operated from the power transformer. The constants are as follows. C, C1—250- uufd. variable receiving condenser. C2, C6é—1,000-uufd. fixed condenser. C3—Neutralizing condenser, 50 pyfds. C4, C7—500-uyfd. fixed condenser. R—Meter shunt to give double range. R1, R6—200-ohm potentionmeter. R2—Frost 50,000-ohm potentionmeter. R3—10,000 ohms. R4, R5—%-megohm leaks. R7, R8—Heavy duty type Clarostat. fiber tube. The iron wires should be cut long enough so that they may be bent up over the top of the windings from both ends and overlap about 2”. At the over- lap, the wires should be taped very tightly to avoid vibrating at the frequency of the supply voltage. Just a word of caution here; mark all leads with a tag during the coil winding process. After the trans- former is completed, it may be mounted in a wooden box with a bakelite or hard rubber panel on which is mounted the pri- mary rotary switch and terminals. The box may then be filled with wax taken from defunct ‘B’ batteries and dry cells, In mounting the switch, drill holes for 15 con- tacts. The primary leads are connected to the Ist, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th, 18th and

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sontacts. This leaves a dead contact ween any two live ones. ‘he rectifier jars may be common jelly 9 es with a lead and an aluminum elec- t to each jar. A saturated soli tion of Mule Team borax is used for the elec- So much has been written in re- oa to chemical rectifiers that I need say ! re. he filter chokes are each of 30 henries 2 sist of 8000 turns of No. 28 enamel an iron core with a cross section by 1". An air gap of approximately required to prevent saturation of the The shunt condensers are connected : wn in the diagram. . ‘ nN MOUNTING oscillator and power amplifier are nted on a board in the usual bread- | fashion. The amplifier plate coil ¥; he oscillator coil should be separated 10” or 12” so that it will be possible itralize the plate-grid capacity of the i er tube. Be sure and place the r.f. so that their fields will not thread gh the fields of the inductances. It is plan, when wiring, to use flexible wr the filament circuits and run these the baseboard, The power trans- r, rectifier and filter are mounted on rd placed under the table away from the receiver and transmitter. very amateur has his (or her) own in regard to mounting apparatus ng more will be said. ; A q TUNING AND OPERATION the power amplifier must be ralized. Place the amplifier and oscil- : tubes in their respective sockets. Make all of the connections EXCEPT the D ve of the high voltage going to the power amplifier. Place a 2.5-volt flashlight bi n series with one turn of wire about » diameter close to the plate end of the ar fier plate coil. Light the tubes and sé e oscillator at about 3500 Kes. (85) r 1875 Kes. (160 meters) depending upon which frequency is to be used. Then ad- just the amplifier tuning condenser until the bulb lights. Now adjust the neutralizing condenser until the bulb goes out. Proper adjustment has been found when the bulb does not light at any setting of the ampli- fier tuning condenser. The high voltage may now be connected to the power am- plifier and the antenna tuned to resonance. rt adjustments should be made with about a 35-volt grid bias on the amplifier. When the r.f. end is perking properly, the speech amplifier may be connected and the P.A. grid bias adjusted. In doing this, See the Radio Amateurs Handbook for full mn the design and construction of filter chokes. OST JULY, 1928 the bias battery should be reduced in smal] steps, with the microphone idle, until the antenna current change with additional re- duction is small. Then set the bias at a value which gives a plate current half than obtained at the point of maximum antenna current. When this adjustment is cor- ty the modulation should be symmetri- cal. A short description of the antenna which was used for both the 3500 Ke. (85) and 1875 Ke. (160-meter) frequencies will not be amiss. This was a single No. 14 enamel wire with a total length of 89 feet from the set. It had a height of approximately 40 feet. The counterpoise was also a sin- gle wire about 80 feet long and about 7 feet from the ground. The insulation was far from being ideal. Two glass receiving insulators were placed at the ends of the antenna and counterpoise. This set was designed for operation in the two upper bands but may be used in all of the bands if plug-in coils are pro- vided for, It is very easy to devise a mounting that permits of quick change. : 2pStrays $s He: ‘You say you don’t like operettas because they’re too fresh—do you know what I’m talking about?’ She: ‘Sure—amateur radio operettas.’ —Idea stolen from Judge It has been estimated that the expendi- ture on QSL card postage by the world’s amateurs last year reached the amazing total of 973,777,000,000 roubles. Of this total just 324,333,333,000 rupees were donated unnecessarily to the various postal authorities by amateurs unaware of the correct rates. Then, to the accompaniment of much teeth-gnashing, no less than 325,- 371,000,003 pfenniges were paid out by recipients of cards sent with insufficient postage. It is with the hope of relieving this un- fortunate (but unconfirmed) condition that we present the following list of correct postal rates: le Government postal card alone for U. S., Alaska, Canal Zone, Hawaii, Porto Rico, Philippines, Virgin Islands. le card and additional ic postage for South American Countries, Canada, Cuba, England, Mexico, New Zealand, Spain. 1c card and additional 2c postage for de- livery to any other part of the world. Private mailing cards, or cards other than the 1c government postal card, require a basic rate of 2c instead of 1c. The addi- tional postage required for foreign coun- tries is the same.

Page 25

1928 1 smal] til the nal re- S ata f than ntenna S cor- imetri- which ») and ill not -namel > from mately a sin- yout 7 n was eiving of the ion in sed in 2 pro- ise a ge. rettas know ettas.’ Judge yendi- orld’s azing ' this were ostal * the ment 325,- t by cient ; un- that rrect r U. Rico, for Yuba, r de- ther juire \ddi- oun- JULY, 1928 OST 27 Notes on Filter Circuit Design By D. E. Replogle* and James Millent article appeared in the September, 1927, April and May issues of 1928. This article constitutes the fifth and last of a series that have appeared in QST covering the design of filter systems employed in A and B battery substitutes or similar devices. The initia] issue and the following three followed in the They are the result of a great deal of development work on the part of the members of the Ratheon organization. February, Editor. N previous articles, the writers have described the effect of variations in the capacities of the three filter condensers in a double section filter, C:, Ce and Cs in Fig. 1. By means of curves, the effects upon ripple suppression of different values of C:, C2 and Cs were shown, in addition to their effect upon voltage regulation and audio tone quality. It is the purpose of this paper to present some curves and notes to show the effect upon ripple suppression of variations in —_—— at 7 + = ; | 3 SHE / | $ =I!\ be SS ic C2 C3 3 a $ ee A the inductances of the filter reactors L, and Le, with different values of C:. Thus, a power unit or electrical set designer, know- ing just what ripple he can tolerate in the output of his device, may, from a careful study of the various curves in this and the preceding articles, select the values of in- ductances and capacities that will most economically give the desired degree of filtration. Then, by means of the article in the April, 1928, issue, on the design of filter reactors that carry direct current, the design of choke coils having the desired inductance under the working d.c. load, may readily be arrived at. Thus, it is possible to work out on paper the design of a power unit and its component parts so as to secure any desired degree of filtration. Further- more, experience has shown that power units designed in this manner, when actu- ally constructed, will give the desired per- formance to within a very close degree. But let us refer to the curves. In Fig. 3 is shown the effect of variations of lL, for six different values of C:, while Lz is held constant at 20 henries. From these *Director, Ratheon Circuit Laboratories, Ratheon Mfg. Co., Cambridge, Mass. *Consulting Engineer, 61 Mass. Sherman St., Malden, curves, it will readily be seen that the ripple voltage rapidly decreases as L, is increased until L, is about 20 henries. Above 20 VOLTS RIPPLE oS 40 50 60 1 HENRIES (L, ) 0 20 ww FIG. 2. THE EFFECT ON THE OUTPUT RIPPLE OF THE VALUE OF Li WITH VARIOUS CAPACITIES Cl L2 in all cases is 10 henries. Curve A is with- out any capacity at Cl while the capacity for B is 5 wfd.; for C, 1 ufd.; for D, 2; for E, 3 and for F the capacity is 4 pfd. In these measurements the load current was kept constant at 40 ma. The out- put voltage was also held constant at 220 volts by varying the input to the anodes. henries, the decrease in ripple is not as rapid, but still quite appreciable until L, reaches a value of about 75 henries. Fur- ther increase in the inductance of L, above 75 henries results in very little additional improvement. When L: is increased from 20 to 30 henries, as in Fig. 4, the ripple voltage for the same value of Li, as in Fig. 3, is very much less. Thus it will generally be found worthwhile where only a very low value of ripple voltage is allowable, to employ a choke at Ls, having an inductance of more than 20 henries. The value of increasing Le above 20 henries is well illustrated in the instance

Page 26

5 ePrR ER L, is 30 henries and Le 20 henries, Fig. 3. The ripple voltage is .09 Where the position of the chokes terchanged, as in Fig. 4, where lL, is enries and L. 30 henries, the ripple age is only .04 volts or less than half uch. Therefore, it will readily be seen he arrangement of the various chokes yndensers must carefully be consid- where the best of performance from nimum amount of material is essen- haps it is in this connection that the : and data given in this series of ar- on filter design will prove most valu- the amateur who has a given set ke coils and condensers on hand from he desires to obtain maximum per- e. many instances, where a very low value is not essential, single section may be more economical than the nventional double section type with HENRIES (1L,) EFFECT ON THE OUTPUT RIPPLE UN- SIMILAR CONDITIONS AS IN FIGURE 2 EXCEPT THAT L2 IS 20 HENRIES ve have been dealing. In Fig. 5 are ries of curves showing the performance ngle section filter as the inductance aried for different values of Ci. A f this type is generally suitable for h c.w. transmitters that are not to 1 for phone work. output condenser, Cs; in Fig. 5, was a value of 4 wfds. A smaller value generally prove unsatisfactory at this for the reasons already discussed in special article dealing especially with netion of this condenser.* This article sopenees on page 36 of the Feb- 8 issue of QST OST The curves and other data used in the preparation of this article were obtained in the Raytheon Laboratories at Cambridge, 5 — VOLTS RIPPLE 1 — ‘= — 40 50 6 170 80 HENRIES(L ) FIG. 4. EFFECT ON OUTPUT RIPPLE WHEN lL? IS 30 HENRIES AND L1 IS VARIED Curve A is for no capacity and also .5 pfd. at Cl. Curve B is for 1 pfd.; C for 2; D for 3 and E for 4 ufd. at Cl. As in all the measurements, the load current and output voltage are constant at 40 ma. and 220 volts respectively. Mass. The standard Raytheon gaseous conduction full wave rectifiers were em- — Ww a a ev eS S 8 | i ical ae 1 2 30 4 SO 6 WH 80 9 100 HENRI/ES (4) FIG. 5. THE EFFECT ON THE OUTPUT RIPPLE OF A SINGLE SECTION FILTER WHEN VARYING Ci AND L Curve A is with 1 pfd. at Cl; B, 2 pfd.; C, 3 and D is with 4 pfd. at that position. (Concluded on Page 81) JULY, 1928

Page 27

1928 in the ned in bridge, EN L2 ) at Cl. = for 4 ne load 40 ma. iseous + em- Sli fs PPLE N 3 and JULY, 1928 OST Some More About the Family By A. B. Chamberlain* FTER reading the article entitled “Another Part of the Family,” in the May issue, it was thought that some information concerning the testing of telephone circuits to prepare them for broadcasting work would be of interest to the readers of QST. There is nothing new in the method used at WHAM in lining up a telephone circuit and it is safe to assume that the same procedure is used at all stations fortunate enough to possess an audio oscillator and the neces- sary measuring instruments—in our case standard W.E. volume indicator panels, ab- breviated VI. These consist of tube volt- meters calibrated to read directly in trans- mission units (TU) when used across a cir- cuit having an impedance of 500 ohms which is normally the impedance of most telephone circuits at a frequency of 1000 cycles. The VI range is from minus 10 to plus 40 TU in steps of 2 TU. The input impedance is approximately 12,000 ohms, thus it does not affect the circuit it is shunted across appreciably. The transmission unit, abbreviated TU, is a convenient method of expressing power or current ratios logarithmically. An ar- bitrary value “zero level” corresponds to a power of 10 milliwatts which looks like approximately 2.25 volts across a 500-ohm impedance which will cause a current flow of 4.5 milliamperes. P; TU = 10 logw —— P, or for calculation between equal impedances. 41 1 TU = 20 log, = 20 logw —— E2 I, P being power, E voltage and I current. For a genearl definition we have: “A TU corresponds very closely to the minimum change of signal strength perceptible to the normal human ear.” Getting back to our telephone line. The first step consists of the usual d.c. tests for grounds, leakage, etc., made by the tele- phone wire-chief. The wire is then turned over to the broadcast station for use. As most circuits used are in cable the capacity is high, (.054 yufd. per loop mile, using standard 19 ga. cable) resulting in the at- tentuation of the higher audio frequencies. In order that a flat frequency characteristic be obtained, the line is equalized by means of a shunt type equalizer as shown in Fig. 2. This is desirable in most broadcast sta- *Broadcast Engineer, Stromberg-Carlson Telephon Mfg. Co. tions because if good terminal equipment is used, the signal received over an un- equalized telephone line of any length will sound low-pitched, drummy or is some- times described as having a “barrel effect”. By means of the shunt type equalizer an attenuation of the lower frequencies is af- fected, resulting in the flat curve as pic- tured in Fig. 1. A loss in level of 10 or more TU results, but such a compromise must be met if the desired transmission characteristic is to be attained. Now as to the procedure used in equal- . FREQUENCY S000~ FIG.1 izing the telephone line, we must first have a “sine-wave” signal, with less than 1% of harmonics present over a frequency range of from 90 to 6000 cycles, thus the need for a good audio oscillator. We use a well known commercial type with a range from 60 to 15,000 and higher, this instru- ment being very suitable for the purpose. The essential apparatus used in our case is set up in the manner shown in Fig. 3. Let us consider the telephone lines connect- ing our control room with the transmitter. Three pairs are used; one is the program wire, the second is the order wire and the third is a spare for emergency service if either of the other go out. The operator at the transmitter cuts in all of the series resistance in his equalizer and instructs the control room operator at the Sagamore (15 miles away) to shoot out 5000 cycles, at normal level, usually plus 4 TU, but actual- ly minus 6 TU on the line as the 10 TU pad indicated in Fig. 3, is in series with, and between amplifier output and the line. The pad is used in order that the VI will be reading across 500 ohms at all frequen- cies as the line impedance varies inversely with frequency, and in this case the pad acts as a buffer. A pad is simply a resistance network, arranged symetrically, and designed in this case to work between two 500-ohm im- pedances. This pad offers an attenuation of 10 TU which corresponds very closely to the attentuation offered by 10 miles of

Page 28

for this level. > now calls for 1000 cycles. sable. As the line with the equal- ; it has an attentuation equivalent ximately 28 TU, the signal received transmitter is 34 TU down. The r, knowing that the correct level on 0s hy = ipl jo00 St SHUNT TYPE EQUALIZER FIG.2 f the transmitter speech am- properly modulate our 5-Kw. set, 6 TU, adjusts his volume controls, ast parlance known as “gain con- In other words the is adjusted for a gain of 28 TU, mpensating for the attenuation of | due to the losses of the line. The Leav- amplifier gain strictly alone, he e series resistance (cuts resistance til the VI again reads minus 6 TU. level is fed to the line at the om at each frequency measured. thout touching anything, r 100 cycles and takes gery ng. If this reading does within the expected or de- a slight adjustment 3 eries resistance on the ~ ; again made and read- | three frequencies re- |! is operation is repeated ™ atisfactory characteristic ed and should be within e TU. In addition to having equal- uit, the “gains” at both control transmitter are all set for normal Now it might be well to take a er the entire frequency scale viz: 00 cycles, a reading being taken } cycles or so. I can recall several where readings taken at 100, 1000, ycles looked good but the quality dulation received over the circuit sounded very poor and unnat- n taking a complete “run”, as | above, a peak was discovered at juency which caused all the trou- hing being O.K. as soon as this flattened out. You can readily irregularities, such as the case me to light immediately when such is made, enabling the technical take the necessary steps for cor- f the difficulty. OST JULY, 1928 The lines between various local out-side pick-up points, sometimes called “field lines” or “Nemo” lines, and the main con- trol room, are equalized in the same man- ner. In this case, instead of carrying the oscillator to the remote terminal of the line, the order wire is used to transmit the test signal to that end of the circuit. In order to match the 500-ohm impedance line to the 200-ohm input circuit of the field amplifier, a pad having the desired charac- teristics is inserted between them. Then the field amplifier is adjusted to give the desired output at each of the points at which the circuit is measured. In this way, the characteristics of the order wire which has not been equalized, do not enter into the equation. The normal level at which signals, pro- grams, etc., are transmitted over a tele- phone line is usually from 0 to +2 TU. The governing factor is the amount of “cross talk” to other pairs in the same cable. The local telephone company usual- ly designates the maximum level to be used over its lines. The various equalizer settings are posted at the control board and when the half hour pre program test is made with the field “op”, the correct equalization is cut in on the particular line to be used, thus insuring an approximately flat frequency characteristic. All equalizer settings are checked from time to time with “tone” us- wmle - ; e/ pod eee c i my ly SS oe Amo 3 + ; tenes Jel crrcunrt ' Transoussien epwratent | ae 1 * = Tvet woo~) ! FIG 3 ing the three test frequencies; 100, 1000, and 5000 cycles. Thus an important step toward the goal is made, the goal, of course, being a flat frequency characteristic from 90 to 5000 cycles inclusive, from microphone to antenna. This is rather a brief outline of the pro- cedure we use in “lining up” our telephone circuits. Several good articles along this line have appeared in various popular radio periodicals of late, notably the paper “Broadcast Control Operation” prepared by Mr. Carl Dreher of the National Broadcast- ing Company. This paper will be found in the April issue of the I.R.E. Proceedings. In addition to this, it might be inter- esting to know that at our broadcast sta- tion, WHAM, located at Rochester, New York, and owned by the Stromberg-Carlson Telephone Mfg. Company, we have six op- erators, all being amateur or ex-amateur "het O mt CO OO Fy Coan © oO

Page 29

side ield on- an- the the the In ine eld ac- nen the at ay, ich nto ro- le- TU. of me al- sed ted alf the cut 1uS icy are us- 00, se, om ne ro- ne his lio er st- nd qs. pr- ta- ew on )p- JULY, 1928 “ops” and each one holding a “commercial ticket” as well. They are: Messrs. Kenneth Gardner, 8BGN, 8ASP; John J. Long, Jr., 8ABX, 2DY, 3AIW, 8CSI, 8BNV, 3UC 2MX- 30V; Paul Hendricks, 1CCZ, 8CQN, 8COH; Homer Le Witt, 8BRD, 8DBI, 8DCQ (port- able); Merriam Johnson, 8BVD; Frank Kelly, 8DZA. Mr. Raymond Lucia, 8BEN, is to become a member of our technical staff soon, and in our program (studio) department, we find Victor Martin, who has been or is connected with 8HR, 8LP and 8XAC. This is most certainly statistical proof supporting a statement or two in the article referred to, and is just about a 100% record. 8DBI, operating on 40 meters, is located at the WHAM transmitter quarters at Vic- tor, New York. The 7th harmonic of the broadcast transmitter frequency, 1070 Ke. is used. The main antenna which acts as the radiator is an 180-foot, six-conductor, vertical cage. A crystal-controlled oscil- lator is used to check and maintain the frequency of the 40-meter set. Notes on Filter Circut Design (Continued from Page 28) ployed. For measuring the ripple in the output, a vacuum tube voltmeter in con- nection with a resistance coupled amplifier was employed. The voltmeter was cali- brated to read volts r.m.s. The values of inductances, used for each measurement, were determined as a result of measure- ment (with vacuum tube voltmeter and standard resistors) under actual operating conditions of a.c. and d.c. current. The d.c. load of 40 ma. was selected after a rather comprehensive survey of all the dif- ferent radio sets on the market during the past few years, which showed quite con- clusively that very few sets required more than 35ma. of “B” current. The Hudson Division Convention HE third annual convention of the Hudson Division was held at the Hotel Pennsylvania, New York City, May 25-26, and a well-arranged program was carried out under the supervision of Dr. Walsh, 2BW, Chairman of the Convention committee. While there was a little delay in starting the events Friday, this was OST $1 soon forgotten when Boyd Phelps got his Woolworth Boys (5-and 10-meter gang) going and then following him came that old timer R. B. Bourne, LANA, with something new; a good talk and demonstration on acoustic filters. Mr. Edgar Felix, con- tributing editor, Radio Broadcast, proved himself a most interesting speaker with his lecture on the Cooley Ray Photo system. The day ended with a code speed contest with our old friend John Clayton among the winners. It is understood there were ham- fests at different hamshacks the rest of the night, The Saturday activities started with the regulation traffic meeting under the able supervision of J.B. Kilpatrick, 2EV, who is SCM for greater New York. The forth- coming problems were discussed and time- ly suggestions made by A. A. Hebert from Headquarters. The Army-Navy-Amateur meeting was well covered by Lt. David Tal- ley and Ensign Fulk. We were also pleased to see Capt. Autry of the Signal Corps, as he has always shown the greatest of in- terest in the amateur. During the contests and stunts period a lot of fun was created when a number of OMs and two YLs transmitted the alphabet backwards with their heel—if you think it is easy try it. New York has always been noted for noisy banquets and this one was no excep- tion and the delegates from the Bronx Radio Club won hands down—they can’t resist Swyx. Seriously, the large number of guests enjoyed every minute of the evening. Our good friend Dr. Goldsmith, Chief Broadcasting Engineer, National Broadcasting Company, during his speech gave us a lot of food for thought. Direc- tor Dunn received a real ovation when he was introduced by Toastmaster Walsh, Dr. Woodruff, Director of the Atlantic Division, was one of the guests. He is proving him- self the Will Rogers of amateur radio and it looks as though he will have the honor of attending more conventions than Treasurer Hebert this year if he keeps up the same pace. Hi! As expressed some- tim ago by this reporter, the distribution of prizes as the last event after the ban- quet certainly keeps the crowd together and the Hudson Division was most fortunate in having been favored so generously by the manufacturers, resulting in somany awards that lack of space prevents us from men- tioning the names, However, the thanks of every one goes to the Convention Com- mittee, —A. A. H.

Page 30

OST JULY, 1928 A Super-Regenerator for Short Waves By George B. Hart* ircuit of this receiver may be in the drawing and is funda- entally a simple two-circuit short- ive receiver to which has been ad iper-regeneration in its simplest While you are examining the cir- cu e particularly that the long-wave su] cuit is grounded. The grid leak Rs; sho e of the very best material and variable, as a great deal depends on the effi operation of the grid circuit. If extr ensitivity is desired, the grid con- der C, may be variable, otherwise it of a .0001 wufd. fixed con- is a small vernier condenser of al 005 pwfd. maximum capacity. C2, th ng condenser is a .0001 yufd. vari- a ndenser and C, the feed-back con- der a .00025 ufd variable condenser. Ls, adio frequency choke coils consists f turns of No. 26 d.c.c. wire on a form. Cs, the phone by-pass con- der , .001 ufd. fixed condenser. lowing table shows the necessary ‘ turns on L, and L. for various Ss! ynsist wa Wavelength in Meters L2 113 to 58 meters 4 70 to 85 meters 4 45 to 23 meters 3 26.1 to 15.4 meters 2 12 to ? meters 2 turns THE SUPER CIRCUIT come to the long wave circuits 1 hich the set’s successful operation dey If these circuits are not work- ing properly the whole thing will be worth- less 1 will operate with the same old dis- ir es so common and so troublesome in sul n the past. grid coil L, is a honeycomb coil of shunted by a .001 ufd. fixed er Cs. This value is critical, so if ve a variable .001 ufd. condenser use it. i irns ’ plate coil Ls is a honeycomb coil of rns, shunted by a .0025 ufd. fixed r. This coil is placed so that the r between it and L, can be varied As rom very close coupling to right & Hart Radio Laboratories, 3267. Nash Ave., Idaho OPERATION Turn on the filament with R,, tighten the coupling between L, and Ls until the point of oscillation is reached and passed and about to stop. This is a very critical point and it will take two or three trials to find the best place. However, once it is set it need never be readjusted. A very faint high pitched hum will be heard and this can be eliminated by the proper ad- justment of the variable grid leak Re. Now tune for the signals with the usual con- Cs CALL) ca) tH ail re 2 3 oT ——afafopopojey gio * Ue “9 USE UVI99 TUBE OR WDII-I2 TUBES FOR BEST RESULTS trols of the tuner. If signals are not heard readjust the grid leak until the signals are heard. When the grid leak and the coupling between L, and Ls are adjusted properly the signals will burst in without any trouble from the variation frequency. RESULTS The set has few of the usual unpleasant ‘super-regenerative’ characteristics. Selec- tivity is very good; signal quality is excel- lent and the volume is enormous for one tube, The set when properly constructed will give results equal to those of the aver- age two-tube receiver (detector and one audio). The set has a decided tendency to hang on to swinging signals, this is in- deed an advantage on short waves where one hears so many signals that are not only weak but also swing from one end of the dial to the other. Remember, however, that without good apparatus this circuit will refuse to work e ficiently. hav the the the wa) ing y. cye wel on sit) ma, of | loss But to Orc use the be Nei cess cor relz den hea tho may and giv by the sq. nun Hom Ohio

Page 31

hten the ssed tical ‘ials it is very and Now con-

JULY, 1928

T IS a novelty, to say the least, to sit down to a ham transmitter and do noth- ing more to start it than give a pre- liminary dah dit dah dit dah—and then have it stop itself a couple of seconds after the final K. Such operation can be had by the use of relays that are easily made. With them, break-in takes on a new meaning; and many other possibilities are opened in the way of remote control and automatic send- ing with the transmitter. As nearly all amateurs use 110- volt, 60- cycle a.c. as their power source, it would be well to construct relays to operate directly on this source, and do away with any neces- sity for batteries or other apparatus. The magnetic path in a.c. relays is usually made of laminated transformer iron, to reduce the losses due to eddy currents, hysteresis, etc. But the laminations are comparatively hard to get and are difficult to work with.

Ordinary soft iron, or black iron, can be | ~ Th | 0) | t | LATS a8 ' <a | |® 2 o| |+ | hi 1 | PH S | ©@ ® i 4 t FIG! OWER CONTACTOR used for the core of an a.c. magnet, and the losses, or power consumption, will not be more than that of a 40-watt lamp. Neither will the heating of the core be ex- cessive, In designing the winding to be put on a core of given area, the voltage on which the relay is to operate is known. The flux density in the core, which determines the heating of the core, can be made 60 or 70 thousand lines per sq. in. The pull of the magnet varies as the square of this density, and is proportional to the core area, for any given density. If the flux density is denoted by B, and the core area in sq. in. by A, then the total flux in the core is the number of sq. in—that is, AB. The voltage, E, the number of turns, n, and the total flux, AB,

*8ALK and ‘fo’ at 8CAU, University of Cincinnati. mg address, 3612 Woodbridge Place, Cincinnati, io. Ost

Relays for the Amateur By G. F. Lampkin* are linked up by the equation, for 60-cycle a.c. 266.5 x n X AB E - 100,000,000 And to find the number of turns— E x 375,000 n = —————_ AB A guess must be made as to the size of the core window that will hold these turns. A FRONT VIEW OF THE FOUR COMPLETED RELAYS

From left to right are the power contactor, delayed time relay, small keying relay and large relay. The tentative core volume is then figured. From Curve No. 1, the volt-amperes per cu. in. necessary to give the assumed flux density can be found. This value, multiplied by the number of cubic inches volume of the core, gives the total number of volt- amperes; and the latter figure, divided by the voltage, gives the amperes that will flow in the coil. The size of wire is determined by this current; for a keying, or similar duty relay. Where the current is on and off for very short periods, one circular mil of wire area can be allowed for every four milliamperes of current. For a relay that is on for longer periods (ten or fifteen minutes) one circular mil of wire area should be allowed for two milliamperes of current. Wire tables that can be had from any wire manufacturer will give wire dia- meters and areas.’ The diameter of _ bare wire will be increased about .010”, 10 mils, by a double cotton once ere ed extreme case. This value should be added to the diameter of the bare wire, and the area occupied by n turns of this size, laid side by side, figured. Fifteen percent should be added to allow for coil insulation, wind-

1. A wire table appears in the Radio Amateur’s Handbook which also gives the number of feet of wire per pound from which the amount of wire needed for a given winding may be computed.— Tech. Ed.

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regularities, clearances, etcetera. The ng area must be checked back to see will be contained in the size of core w that was assumed. If not, a more gent guess can then be made as to re-window size. This figuring may MAGNEIT/ZATION CURVE FOR SOFT /RON 60 CYCLES 20 40 ©0 80 100 FLUX DENS/ITY-THOUSAND LINES PER SQ /N. ‘ & SHOWING THE NUMBER OF VOLT- \MPERES NECESSARY FOR EACH CUBIC INCH I ORE VOLUME TO GIVE A CERTAIN FLUX DENSITY PER SQUARE INCH OF CORE CROSS SECTION be a lot of useless bother, but a on approximate within 10 or 20 per- easily better than a guess that may 100 percent. for the power contractor of Fig. of %” square soft iron bar. The } + ‘ = _a=> 2 t |r oy | | | { J | — ; || a= | + + aN q jet Loi — | 4 EF pan Ei! > DELAVED TIME RELAY a 4 sq. in. At a flux density of 65,000 er sq. in., the total flux is 16,250, and 110 x 375,000 16,250 2.540. ‘ore window be made 2” x 1”, the OST total length of bar would be 8 inches, and the volume 8 x 4 = 2 cu. in. At 65,000 lines, the excitation per cu. in. is 14.5 volt- amperes, from the curve given. The total volt-amperes would be 2 x 14.5 = 29, and 29 the amperes = .264. Allowing one 110 circular mil for two milliamperes, the wire area must be 132 circular mils. Number 28 is the nearest even wire size, with an area of 158 circular mils. The diaméter of No. 28 bare wire is .0126”; insulated with double cotton covering, its size is .0226”. And 2,540 turns of this size would occupy 2,540 x .0226 x .0226 = 1.3 sq. in. Adding 15%, or .195, the total coil area would be 1.5 sq. in. As may be seen, the 2” x 1” core window is of ample size, The rest of the design is concerned with mechanical details, and the drawings and photos show those. To prevent the armature from chattering, what is known as a shad- ing coil is used. It is a single turn of copper strap, that is hammered into a hack- saw slot in the face of the pole, and the ends bent around, overlapped, and soldered, so as to encircle half the pole face. The size of the strap is not overly important. The shading coil acts as the secondary of a transformer, and has induced in it a voltage that is out of phase with the voltage of the main coil. Thus the flux through its section of the pole does not pass through zero at the same instant that the other flux does, and there is always a pull on the relay armature. The screws that hold the core pieces together should be iron, so as to leave a minimum of non-magnetic spaces. The armature is fastened rigidly to _ the aluminum, or brass, hinge piece. The hinge piece is pivoted on the lower horizontal leg of the core, and the armature opens the contacts by its own weight. The set screw in the bottom of the hinge piece is provided JULY, 1928

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2s, and 65,000 5 volt- e total '9, and ig one e Wire ber 28 Nn area of No. | 1928 louble And 2,540 15%, 5 sq. core with ; and ature shad- ‘n of hack- 1 the lered, The ‘tant. ry of it a ltage h its ough - flux relay core eave The the inge 1 leg the crew ‘ided JULY, 1928 as a backstop. The contact arms are made of aluminum from a variable condenser plate. They make contact when the arm- ature is about an eighth of an inch away from _ the pole face, and the remainder of the closing action gives then a good wiping motion. An air gap of about 1/32” is left between the bottom pole piece and the arm- ature, so that any residual magnetism will not be able to act with sufficient strength to hold the contactor in, after the operating current is cut off. The power contactor is essentially a double-pole, single-throw switch, and will handle ten or fifteen amperes. The delayed-time relay was made for automatic starting and stopping of the transmitter. It is operated by the trans- mitting key, and closes its contacts almost > LF 1” —he— i fe —. FIG 4 SMALL KEVING RELAY instantaneously, but takes some three or four seconds to open them. Thus the transmitter starts up as soon as the key is pressed, and remains running as long as the key is not idle for more than three or four seconds. A keying relay must be included in the circuit that is controlled by the key. A large, heavy duty keying relay was made, as in Fig. 3, to operate in series with the delayed-time relay. The keying relay has four contacts, two opening and two closing; it can be used for simultaneous keying in the grid and plate circuits, keying in the plate supply with backload, or other methods that require a multi-contact relay. The core is of %” square soft iron. The contact strips are made of aluminum con- denser plates. The winding consists of 1,300 turns of No. 30 d.c.c. wire. The winding of the delayed-time relay, for use in series with the large keying relay, con- sists of 2,000 turns of the same size. The latter relay, however, is comparatively noisy, and if one for heavy duty is not re- quired, the small keying relay works satis- factorily. To work in series with the small keying relay on 110 volts a.c., the delayed time relay should be wound with 2,600 turns OST 35 of No. One- 30 enamelled, or s.c.c. wire.’ quarter pound of wire will be enough to wind the 2,600-turn coil. One-half-pound THIS SIDE VIEW SHOWS THE FOUR RELAYS IN THE SAME ORDER AS THEY APPEAR IN THE FRONT VIEW of the same wire will wind the coils for the delayed-time and bcth keying relays, The central core of the delayed-time relay is made of a %” carriage bolt; the yoke is of %” square soft iron. The plunger carries a threaded brass rod, on which is clamped the contact disc and the dashpot piston. The dashpot is made of 1%” brass tubing soldered to a brass shelf. A metal shell from a vacuum-tube socket, or a tin snuff box, can be made to serve for the dashpot. It is filled with Nujol, automobile oil, or other viscous liquid. The piston is made of a loose-fitting circle of tin; the time element of the relay can be varied by chang- ing the liquid for another of different viscosity; and by boring holes in the piston. These holes can be covered on the underside by a piece of good bond paper, so as to give a flap-valve effect. It is better to have a heavy liquid, and many holes in the piston, than vice-versa, for the liquid is not so likely to splash. The travel of the piston is regulated by moving the dashpot shelf vertically. The contact disc has an oversize hole in the center and is clamped between two Formica dises, so that it is insulated from the plunger rod. The contact strips are made of thin aluminum or brass. If the contacts as shown do not handle the current well, a flexible lead may be con- nected to the disc, and the two contact strips put in parallel. A tube of thin metal, non-magnetic, is placed inside the coil to protect it and give the plunger a smooth working surface. A slit is left in the tube, to prevent eddy currents. A small rubber washer is placed on the top of the plunger to soften the impact on closing, and to maintain an airgap. The small keying relay shown in Fig. 4 cperates on 8 or 10 volts a.c., and works admirably in the center tap, or grid leak, where heavy currents do not have to be broken. It can be operated from the fila- 2. Due to the varying magnetic ficld, the enamel insulation may chafe and result in the short-circuit- ing of a section of the winding.—Tech. Ed

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Ost sformer; and has front and back The coil is wound with 1300 turns enamelled or s.c.c, wire. . nail, or spike, bent to the The armature is a piece of A piece of No. 12 oldered to it as a shaft, and is small blocks. lly. small hook of wire is the back of the armature, and a between the hook and the spring, he spring to the stud. the absence of a Adjustment of spring tension, con- , and position of the magnet so that the relay will not hum will follow at 35 or 40 If necessary, the con- this or the other relays may be l or tungsten, for heavier The former makes most compact coil, for a given The winding form should liameter about 1/32” larger than mum diameter of the core; the disc, end of the form should layer of fairly heavy plate and Fil Trans CIRCUIT FOR AUTOMATIC STARTING ld first be put on. tape, or string, are laid length- form and the ends left hang- \ couple of layers of heavy paper, ard, are wound on as a base for the | then the winding proper is put ? jumble wound, for com- ‘ voltages are used. 1 number of turns is on, the free he cotton tape are brought back ver the winding, to hold it to- le taking the flange off and pull- The coil can then be ed off the form, and be taped up When slipping >» core, a layer of asbestos be used to wedge the coil on nd will further protect it from any The two strips ireuit of Fig. 5 shows how the relays ed up for automatic starting of the The contactor is controlled by na: If the trans- ad is not more than an ampere or JULY, 1928 so, the delayed-time relay might be made to handle it directly. For remote control, only one control wire is needed. For remote control by radio, the relay in the output of the control receiver need only be con- nected across the key. In fact, the relay set-up was first made to be used with re- mote control by radio, and for the last year and a half has been in constant operation at 8CAU, the station of the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Cincinnati. 2e- - Official Wavelength Stations The Official Wavelength System fur- nishes a service codperative with, but dif- fering from, that of the Standard Fre- quency Station, 9XL, which is also oper- ated in accordance with plans made with the O.W.L.S. Committee. Contact with the O.W.L.S. is through Mr. D. C. Wallace, who is also chairman of the committee, Mr. Wallace is continuing the work of checking up all O.W.L.S. to make sure that they are really indicating their wavelength (or fre- quency) at the end of each transmission— and are doing so with proper accuracy; which is to say 2%. They do this in the course of regular operation and do not send calibration schedules as do the S.F, sta- tions. The list is as follows: 6XAO-6ZV, 5MN, nce4FC, 0z2AC, 6AM, 1CK, 1AWW, 8EQ, 4XE, 5ZAV, 9EGU, 6ZH, 2MU, 4BY, 5SP, 7GQ, 2DS, 1BZQ, 6BGM-6CVO, 91IG, 1ZL-1AVW, 2CLA, 8GZ-8ZG, 9BGK, eg2NM, nc9AL, 8APZ, 50X, 1AAC, 8BZT, nce3CO, eg20D, 6CAE, 9AXQ, 9CPM, 5EW, 1AXA, 9BGH, eg2SZ, oadBG, 4LK, eggid5NJ, 1CCW, 8BAU, 9UZ 2EF, 6AWK, 6CDY-6CPK, 6AYC, 6BRO, 6BB, 8DAJ, 9AUG, nce2BE, 2BRB, nc4BT, 6WN, 6BMW and 6CMQ. 4A. Va \ i y Fp Ny 9a ao A PLUG IN THE JACK

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ide to , only »mote utput con- relay h re- year ation nt of ty of JULY, 1928 OST 37 Tests on a Method of Voltage Feeding the Antenna By Joseph Fuchs* OB’s on the matter of an aerial sys- tem, which includes an excellent con- stancy of frequency and a very good efficiency and which is, I hope, for many amateurs, a simple solution of the antenna problem. Fig. 1 shows the principle. The tuning circuit of an H.F. oscillator is coupled in- ductively with a tuned intermediate cir- cuit of the same frequency. The aerial is now connected galvanic with this circuit Le, without any coupling condenser. The distribution of current and voltage is very interesting: If L, induces energy to La, it appears there a potential loop at the points a and b. If L, and Le are tuned in on the aerial, it will be excitated by voltage, because in this case there lies also a potential loop on the end of the aerial. The same occurs if L: and Le are tuned in on harmonic frequencies of the aerial. There are some particular advantages of this arrangement. If the aerial, L: and Le are in resonance together (a case of pure voltage-feed of the aerial), the interme- diate circuit Le represents a quite inde- pendent electrical system, which is not in- fluenced by the damping resistance of the aerial. It is clear, that this intermediate circuit, which consists only of one coil and one condenser (low loss!) has almost no damping. This makes possible an extreme- ly loose coupling with the tuning circuit L, of the oscillator. This loose coupling lessens all reactions from the aerial to I,, for example the variations of the antenna- capacity by staggering of the antenna. In fact, during the whole period of working, no QSSS was observed. The tuning will be effected by measuring the current of the intermediate circuit; it is evident, that there will be (if inputs of more than 15 watts are used) a current of many amperes. If the coupling between L, and L. is too strong, we can find the well known fwo tuning waves. L; and Le are tuned exactly on the natural frequency of the aerial or one of its harmonics. The antenna-current is measured by an ammeter into the aerial itself. Fig. 2 shows a diagram concerning the relation between the current of the inter- mediate circuit and the frequency. The first tests are made with an aerial of 2.35 megacycles natural frequency; we see dis- | N the following lines I will inform the *EAAA & EAFZ, Jasomirgottstrasse 5, Vienna, Austria. tinctly the maximum of the L2-currents at the harmonic frequencies of 4.70, 7.06, 9.40, 11.76 etc. megacycles. It is very interesting, that all these maxi- ma are not sharp; on the contrary, a band of 0.8 megacycles is always at hand for use. (Function of the damping of the aerial.) It seemed useful to examine the radia- tion of the antenna at those frequencies, which are not in a harmonic relation to the natural frequency. The examination of this case gave the result, that this ar- rangement is always radiating if there exists any H.F.-current in the intermediate circuit Le It is evident, that the fre- quencies nearer the natural frequency or one of its harmonics, are better radiated than the frequencies in the middle of two harmonics. A current in Le is always a sign that the aerial radiates power in the alr. One day I sent Standard Frequencies from 5 to 10 megacycles with an input of 30 watts. They are received in Esthonia (1400 kilometers from Vienna, Austria) with the following audibilities: (Receiver 0-v-1) Frequency in Megacycles: Audibility 5.00 r 4 5.67 r 3 6.52 r 5 7.68 r7 9.37 r 7 The natural frequency of the one-wire aerial was 2.35 megacycles. (We see clearly the influence of the skip distance in respect to the audibility.) It is not diffi- cult to understand, that this arrangement has many advantages over other systems, particularly in the case of portable sta- tions. The investigation has extended also to broadcasting waves and the higher wave- lengths of commercial traffic: the result (Concluded on Page 42)

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u I Ost Becoming an Operator in 15 Minutes By Don C. Experimenters’ Section has not ed one problem. This is the ‘oblem of speed in making ama- teurs. The making of an amateur ake from fifteen minutes to fifteen depending upon just how strong ire may be. the past six years Mrs. Don Wallace n interested in amateur radio only extent of letting the OM run the and when he so desired. A few igo Mrs. 6AM and 6AM were talk- r the possibilities of QSO while 6AM away on some of his long business The Hartford bunch for example emember one trip which even landed Hartford for a day. ng this discussion Mrs. 6AM said uld try to master the art, so one r just before leaving for Canada a te fifteen minute lesson was given. ers may profit thereby we shall try ne each detail of “making an ama- fifteen minutes”. ral prerequisites are necessary. tance the transmitter should be f, simple to start, and one which blow up—thereby causing a loss rest. The same main line power has started 6AM, ex-9ZT, ex-9DR, five years. That switch has never | its looks or its position on the set that time. Perhaps it will stay r the next five years. If so, we ver have to repeat the simple in- n, “To start the set, push in this ) stop it, pull it out.” In addition tches in the radio room are labled small typewritten label, stuck with nto the bakelite or metal panel upon that particular switch is mounted. when changing bands, no other need be touched. Thus when vis- lesire to run the set, it has always simple. receiver must be solid, foolproof, irked directly in wavelength. That ne for the occasion, and now that is done, it is found well worth while AM, Mrs. 6AM, or visitors. The set a shield- grid tube and has an extra mnt of sensitivity making it especially for ‘item 6AM to find the distant sta- The instruction as to how to run t was this: “Tune the set just like Browning-Drake we use on broadcast That sufficed for the receiving in- ms. As a matter of practice Mrs. [ then tuned in a station on 41 meters, ) W. 3rd St. Long Beach, Cal. Wallace* one on 38, and one on 37.5—just to get the “feel” of the receiver. The next was code instruction on a buz- zer. All the instructions necessary were, “Make the dashes extra long and make the dots extra short, and the spaces between letters extra long.” With that as an in- struction Mrs. 6AM sent beautiful stuff at about 4 words per minute. At 4 w. p. m. we could exchange 20 words every five minutes, i.e., considerably more than a great many old timers do, in the same amount of time. Under a piece of plate glass in the radio room is the code, Q signals, R signals, and plenty of such data. No instructions were given on these, as Mrs. Wallace can read, and evidently has done so. If 6AM then sent four words per minute Mrs. 6AM could copy down the dots and dashes, translating it later—perhaps not an ethical way of receiving, but certainly effective as shown by the fact that during the next two weeks three schedules were kept at distances over 1000 miles. 7BB and 7XF of Seattle furnished stations for two of the schedules, and 7MO of Port- land, Oregon, the last one. No schedules have been missed and judging from the letter received from Mrs. 6AM, written after the first schedule with 7BB, another new amateur has been added. She received the first sentence, thereupon became ex- cited, later writing “It’s fun.” The second QSO, i.e., the one with 7XF, has been saved, and is as follows: Mrs. 6AM, “All fine here, did you get your fudge in Seattle? Gladys was here yesterday, You are about R-6 or 7. Chil- dren woke up I will be on again at 4.” Mr. 6AM, “Fudge arrived thanks. You R6 will call you from Portland, Wednesday, five-thirty P. M. Thirty-nine meters.” (Concluded on Page 40) JULY, 1928 4

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1928 et the . buz- were, ce the tween n in- uff at n. we nutes, many time. radio , and were read, inute and ; not ainly ring were 7BB . for ort- jules the itten ther ived ex- XF, get here yhil- You jay, JULY, 1928 OST Filament Supply Progress By W. J. Halligan* ble to rectify low voltages with the aim in mind of house current filament sup- ply. The lone difficulty, however, has been in filtering the rectified current. Vari- ous methods have been attempted but all were messy and otherwise generally unsat- isfactory. Two devices have just been developed which, it is expected, will for all time put an end to this problem; the first, a low- voltage condenser bank of approximately 4,000 microfarads, and the other a filter unit which combines the condenser with the proper choke combination for perfect fil- tering. The problem was to build a condenser of extremely high capacity, but that was small in size and low in cost. The obvious direction to work in was to create some kind of dielectric path between the conden- ser plates that would be of molecular dimensions. The first experiments were made by Stratford B. Allen assisted by Alden S. Cook with the idea of producing a semi- |! has, for several years now, been possi- ALLEN METHOD USUAL METHOD dry high capacity unit, based on the theory of other similar condensers, namely, the formation of a gas dielectric on an alumi- num plate. Experimental work which was done in the development of these condensers showed up many interesting features. For instance, the condensers made with the gas dielectric tended to build up in thick- ness and suffer a reduction in capacity. This was also true of condensers built on the gas theory that were nearly completely dried, It became apparent that more was yet to be done to prevent excessive evolu- tion of gas, and consequently the slow low- ering of capacitance, with eventual de- terioration of the plates from slow chemi- Co., *Sales Manager, Tobe Deutschmann Cam- bridge, Mass. cal action. Allen finally arrived at the idea of limiting the dielectric to the oxide film which is practically inherent in pure aluminum exposed to the air; except that such a film must be continuous and of prac- tically molecular thickness to insure high capacitance and lower chemical action. Means were then employed to prevent as far as possible the formation of the gas ec To House Supp y Any good 2 Amp Charger dielectric film, and an immediate high in- crease in unit area capacitance was the result. With the able cooperation of Mr. Cook, the problem was finally whipped into commercial form. Measurements made by W. K. Fleming, research engineer for the Raytheon Manu- facturing Company, show the commercial form of the device as having 1800 micro- farads in one section and 3800 microfarads in another section. This brings a total of 5600 microfarads in a space of 5 by 5% by 1% or 43, cubic inches, a feat never be- fore commercially accomplished, in the be- lief of various engineers. The breakdown voltage of the condenser in this discussion is 50 volts and the life appears to be indefinite when the condenser is used at voltage well below this limit. The polarized type of condenser was found to give considerably higher capaci- ties. In this type of condenser the plates were one of lead and the other of aluminum foil. It was possible, however, to make condensers by this method that were not polarized, but for practical purposes, the larger capacity polarized type was the more desirable. An ‘A’ filter, which includes the high capacity condensers and the proper ar- rangement of chokes, has, in addition to radio, many varied applications. Vault and burglar alarms, inter-communication tele- phones, special low voltage signalling sys- tems—all these offer a wide field for an a.c. converter delivering 6 volts of direct cur- rent. The application of such a converter to radio uses is quickly apparent. The a.c.

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very much in the class of the m—still unharnessed. This, in ll the brilliant efforts of various irers to develop devices to do just to the a.c. tube. ‘ew of the very patent difficulties w] e shown themselves in a.c. re- An annoyingly noticeable a.c. and indefinable noises of an- Cite oF" 25° icter; weak and fading signals; e, and lastly (and most impor- he all-important point of the k) premature burning out of the seives. matter of technical fact, that line t be filtered on an a,c. tube re- answer might be made that ich a commercial a.c. receiver The ‘retort propre’ to this is hum has really been removed’, lone at the expense of the qual- roduction. Another fact is that ted number of stages of amplifi- be employed in a.c. sets. The untered in a multi-tube circuit They will very probably be ler control in the future, but : tle has been done. l present time, no shield grid t designed for a.c. operation. I irse, is technically possible to t the market such a tube, but the irers do not want it, and even ers are looking for some satis- ce which will save them from ed to the adoption of the still 1dvantages of a.c. tube operation. r other full wave rectifiers may with equal success. Considering ll lvantages, the cost of such a con- V amazingly small. are incredibly uncritical on this ey will become vastly more r year, just as the public became i type of phonograph.—Ed. oo __¥_—__ B ng An Operator in 15 Minutes ‘ontinued from Page 38) \M, “I will have to translate your m Will call when I finish —... Hi m again Message R Wed. at 5. Tl ) meters I am having domestic By the way 5 thirty is bad OST Mr. 6AM, “Please get Marlyn (girl next door) Wednesday. Must go now (etc.) SK.” Some of the details of the QSO aren’t exactly orthodox as yet, but we feel that those three QSO’s have been worth months and months of instruction. One thing for instance is that when Mrs. Wallace makes an error she corrects it by making seven dots and goes back one letter instead of a full word. I think that is original with her and certainly saves time. Calling and answering seems to be puzzling as yet as she usually calls 6AM and signs whatever station the schedule is with. All that can be corrected much better now than before. The important thing is that she got on the air, had the desire to operate, and did so, and three highly successful QSOs resulted. THE SCHEDULE USED B. Check time with office on day of test. Before minutes. First 5 Minutes. Don call nu6AM. Second 5 minutes. B call Don and say whether or not Don is R-O, R-6, etce., and send 6 or 7 word message. test—B—run omnigraph few Third 5 minutes. Don will say R-O, R-5, etc., and start sending message. Fourth 5 minutes. B Call “Don” or station call, sending message. Note (1). Schedule subject to change during third and fourth 5 minutes periods if reliable communication is established be- fore that. Note (2). Don may not always find a suitable station for the schedule, so if no results are obtained Bertha discontinue, in 25 minutes, and show up on next schedule time. Note (3). If interruptions from youngsters or telephone occurs, B to say nothing and simply turn on omnigraph. Don will know this means “wait.” ae Stray ss The UX852 contributed by Alpha Sigma Delta to the West Gulf Division Conven- tion was won by 5AKN and not 5ANK as reported in the April QST. “My two little 210’s are getting mighty weary of uphold- ing the reputation of an 852”, writes Wells of 5ANK. “They will be saved a lot of effort if the statement is corrected.” JULY, 1928 om -_~eenremhe ooo wm oe eo ae ae a a

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next etc.) ren’t that nths for akes ven of a vith and > as ver can ore. on did 30s est. ew ind te., or ge JULY, 1928 OST A Resonance Testing Method By A. E. Teachman* ITH the permanent establishment of the principle of single dial multiple-ganged tuning control of Broadcast receivers comes the attendant problem of determining whether or not the condition of resonance has been satisfied. Manfacturers of receivers have adopted for use in their factories various and usually elaborate means for testing the conditions of resonance. These, how- ever, are usually quite out of the reach of the service man or the fan who wishes to make tests on his own receiver, The ap- paratus and method here discussed are offered as a simple and practical solution of the problem. The only apparatus required is a grid- meter driver with a range of 200 to 550 meters. Fig. 1 illustrates the general scheme of things. The circuit of the os- cillator shown in the figure is recommended as being somewhat easier to use than the Hartley and some other circuits as it is not so touchy about hand capacity effects, and need not be shielded. A ground on the filament circuits of the receiver and oscilla- tor is usually sufficient. A large tickler is needed to produce strong oscillations at the high wavelengths. The 199 is used with two dry cells (no rheostat) and 22% volts on the plate. This makes for simplicity and an apparatus that is conveniently por- table; a valuable point for the service man. The grid milliammeter has a range of one mil and the scale length should be 2.3 inches or longer. The longer the scale length, the easier it is to determine the point of resonance. The operation of the apparatus is very simple. The grid of the oscillator is coupled to the grid of the cireut under test through a sort of radio frequency line. This con- sists of a wire from each grid connected to a small coupling capacity. The capacity should have a variable range from about two to ten picofarads, The six-inch pieces of bus bar wire which slide through two tightly bound pieces of spaghetti will serve the purpose. One of the tuned cir- cuits of the receiver under test is selected as a reference circuit i.e., one to which all of the other circuits should resonate. The r.f. line is clipped on to some point on the grid side of this circuit such as the con- denser or coil. This can be accomplished without disconnecting the receiver or re- moving the chassis from the cabinet. (If there is a grid resistor in the circuit the clip should not be placed at the grid post Woon- *Member “X” Section, Union Village, socket, R. I., Radio 1JJ. of the socket.) The oscillator vernier con- denser is set at 50° and the main tuning condenser of the oscillator adjusted to a low wavelength. The main tuning control of the receiver is then rotated until the circuit under test is in resonance with the oscillator. This will be indicated by the dip of the grid meter. If the coupling capacity is too great the circuit under test will tend 2-/0 sulla G FIG. 1 to pull the frequency of the oscillator. This will be indicated by a quick snapping up of the grid meter pointer after the minimum reading is reached. The coupling capacity should be just sufficient to give a discerna- ble dip at resonance. It will be noted that the transfer capacity will have to be in- creased for the higher wavelengths. With the oscillator and the reference cir- cuit in resonance, the main tuning dials of the receiver and the oscillator are left alone. The r.f. line is then successively clipped to the other circuits. The vernier condenser of the oscillator is rotated at each test and if the circuits are in reson- ance the greatest dip of the grid meter will occur at 50° on the vernier dial. If a cir- cuit is not in resonance, the reading of the vernier dial at minimum grid-meter deflection will indicate how much the cir- cuit is out and whether it is high or low with respect to the reference circuit. The user can set his own standards as to how much difference in the reading of the vernier dial is permissable for a good re- ceiver but suffice is to say that the degree of the accuracy of the indication can be made greater than the accuracy of any receiver now produced. The tests are re- peated at a number of wavelengths and the results charted. An examination of the chart will show how the circuits follow along and what corrective steps to take. Inductances may be tested for matching by disconnecting them from the associated tuning capacities and successively connect- (Concluded on Page 46)

Page 40

Concerning Amplified Absorption Modulation Ost

By Severiano Justi* ORE attention should be given to the method of modulation in which power is absorbed from the antenna system by the plate ’ the last tube of a 2-stage or 3- < amplifier. This will handle a bit ra wer than the usual ‘loop’ method h the microphone itself must get power. At 2AB, the amplifier use is a common one. For an an- ading coil, an 8-turn Cardwell 5%” unce is used. I found that, for best wid theo UX 201A T uxivi

II) LULL

| per +. i A +A 8 ov B 8 90v ———_____J 4 THT) iia Antenna loading from oscitlator cov with 120 watts input METHOD OF MODULATION yn, the plate tap of the amplifier put exactly on the center of the coil. Unless it is there, the mod- will be very. hard and difficult to and. e a third harmonic aerial with a rpoise of 1/3 the length of the an- the opposite direction. When n the ‘mike’ there is no change in the uve and the antenna meter shows no “4 *hoke coil in the plate lead is made turns of 22 d.c.c. wire on a tube of ]? ameter, ild like to try this system on BC waves but I can’t, due to the prohibition by the government of phone even on_ short wa In the diagram M is a two-button ‘m ich as the Kellogg or W.E. (if you ean get it) broadcast variety. A _ single butt mike can be used if a suitable open c ‘rophone transformer can be found. In this case, MT is a Thordarson ‘mike’. T rmer T is a General Radio 21 audio fren rmer

Brazil. san Paulo, Tests On Method of Voltage Feeding the Antenna (Continued from Page $7) was also quite satisfactory and I could see a perfect accordance with the theory. The unilateral connection of the aerial to an intermediate circuit as seen in Fig. 1, has the advantage of working without

8 - st , Natural frequency a the aerial =2 3s ee 2 megacycles _ 2 i SNos N ~ 304 ae) » fo2 5 . A ——— EEE v ° 7 + 9 re) " 12 . frequency in megacycles 9 yy y FIGURE 2 ground or counterpoise and with a great facility of tuning, because there are the simplest and clearly arranged conditions of tuning. With two homogenous aerials, we could easily realize a so-called bilateral radia- tion. P 4pStrays "$s ; A splendid chart of the world has been published by the Hydrographic Office of the Navy Department showing great cir- cle distances from Washington D.C. to all parts of the world. The map is, of course, accurate only for locations in Washington, but it would be of great value to amateurs in that general section of the country in permitting rapid approximations of dis- tances covered, At a cost of twenty cents the chart can be obtained from the Hydro- graphic Office, Navy Department, Wash- ington D.C. The first of the branch offices of the Ra- dio Division, Department of Commerce, recently authorized, has been opened at Buffalo in charge of an assistant inspec- tor from the Detroit office. Examinations for amateur operator’s licenses may be taken at the Buffalo office, but matters con- cerning station licenses will continue to be handled by the main office at Detroit.

JULY, 1928

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1928 ion ling could 1eory. aerial ‘ig. 1, thout reat the ions ould dia- een of *ir- all on, ITs in is- nts ro- sh- at iC - ns be JULY, 1928 Ost A Simple High Frequency Oscillator By William H. Christie* EING in need of a reliable high fre- quency oscillator for some experi- mental work, the writer tried out a modification of the circuit developed by Townsend and Morrell (Phil. Mag., Aug., 1921) as used by Gill and Donaldson (ibid., July, 1926) and was struck with the possi- bilities this arrangement holds for trans- mission on the five-meter band. A search through my files of QST fails to reveal exactly this arrangement, so it is being passed on with the hope that some results will be obtained from it. The cir- cuit is very stable and not tricky. The inductances consist of two straight parallel copper wires, strips or tubing, about four inches apart, attached directly to the grid and plate leads of the tube, the outer ends being attached to a condenser. In the writer’s arrangement, copper tubing is used and a variable condenser has been substituted for the fixed one of the former circuits. This condenser has to withstand the full plate voltage. A good receiving condenser capable of withstand- ing this voltage will answer well for low power. A B.T. laboratory type condenser is being used by the writer with as much as five- to six-hundred volts on the plate. The B plus and grid return leads should be kept well away from the inductances. The ordinary fixed condensers are very poor and no end of trouble was encountered until the variable was substituted. Since then no trouble has been met with and it allows, furthermore, a small tuning range. Using an old Northern Electric five wat- ter, minus the base, the 3.5-meter mark was easily reached, and although this seems to be the limit for this tube, the oscilla- tions were quite strong. Unfortunately, I am not a licensed ama- teur, hence cannot (hi!) test out the trans- mitting possibilities of this circuit, but from indications it seems quite efficient. The length of the inductances will vary, of course, with the tube characteristics, but to give a rough idea of this dimension, the accompanying graph is given. This was obtained by starting out with an in- ductance about 75 centimeters long, meas- uring the resulting wavelength with the familiar Lecher wires, then cutting off two or three centimeters of their length and measuring again, until the limit of the cir- cuit was reached. It is a good idea to calibrate a wave- meter (if you have not already got one) at *Vancouver, B. C. the same time. A simple and suitable one may be constructed with two half turns of heavy wire attached to the rotor and stator plates of a 125-yuf. condenser, the outer ends being soldered to a 1%-volt flashlight bulb. Be sure the Lecher wires are not so close to the oscillating circuit that they ap- preciably alter the wave length. It will be noticed that no r.f. chokes are shown, nor are they absolutely necessary, * '-*« ' ‘hth ae oO ra a ft ' ! ' ' ' ! ! 1 ! i ' ! | | j | j ' ' | { Ki ig 4 = t ~ THE CIRCUIT LENGTH OF INDUCTANCE /N CIS 80 40 45 so 55 WAVELENGTH IN METERS though their addition is preferable; in fact the grid leak is not absolutely neces- sary for low power, so that if any reader wishes to try out the circuit with an over- loaded receiving tube or better still, a ‘power tube’, he may be sure of results without having to purchase material other than is found in nearly every junk box. To couple this oscillator to the antenna, I might suggest using a copper tube one- half wave long, bent and coupled to the circuit as shown by the dotted lines in the diagram, as it is in this form, with the upper and lower halves parallel, that the power is tapped for the investigation for which the oscillator was constructed.

Page 42

OST Reducing the Cuss-Quotient By Jack Paddon* RING out of a window with field es at a swaying antenna meter be conducive of lumbago and dening of the vocabulary, but lls one anything about the antenna The lamp-in-the-antenna can be better but it is makeshift re and unsatisfactory except at moment when it yields 5,000 wer for .0001 second. M;, & M, tell how the trans- be adjusted to the antenna-and- tem but let’s have words of one reinforce them. Never mind and M.,—they are for the rich, talk about them later. the oscillator. We will beat what ney-versus-wavelength argument ibout dial readings. Starting at SH fF HERTZ REALIZES WHAT A LOT OF RD THINGS ARE BEING DONE TO HIS ANTENNA of the scale tune upward. Re- map we see that grid mils and promptly proceed in the gen- of N. E. by East while the ; rent departs at standard speed on North course. Presently the grid r, then the bottom drops out of rent When the plate mils are wn at X we have resonance, which etely n.g. for working. Beyond the point the reverse of these things The working point is where the plat iwrrent has slid about half way down. If 3 re so affluent (one syllable word for Res.. Room 722, Morton Bldg., 108 N ago this is “rich”) as to own a pair of r.f. am- meters they can be put into the tank circuit and the feeder line, whereupon they will fem 6], T ; 3 — Permalmare] cao | 4reas of working ” mas | mus . | Ly J ——— ' PESORAACE ; = | ] | ’ “3 ‘4 —}——_}-__}__+ (ak Se RR 130 | re -—-—1 42 ? + . pW Ti 7 20] 7 \ i ¢ XQ My Ye | | Lr | Ty : [ord mrs 00 | 9 ‘ | — -—}——_+— + i. © sc 90 | | | | Te | | o i 2 oe oy a ee | +—_}+ + tT 80 | V7] | + | 7] 8 — e._.4. 4 + 4 + —+ ——_. 4 wi me is ‘ | 7b —+—— -+ + e+ + > 4+—__—__4 | eo | | NS | | | § * | —. "y ++ + + = + so oe M ie wt aut 4 q | 4 S }—eweregt 4-7 + ++ ry +—__1 40 | "tb a | | | 2 . eee ++ + — —+———4 | 30 | | 1 | 5 Bow eee Se afhaeoanh 20 ir "one prcaye ' ; 2 ——+—__+_ ++ + yeuerene | __ { 1° T eames M,) re) ' 4 — oe ee ee ee 20 30 40 50 660 10 80 %0 00 DIAL SETTINGS OF OSCILLATOR (& 4C2) ~ feeder to Antenna 42 Ot =; URVES SHOWING HOW TWO MILLIAMMETERS 3 AND M4 WILL TELL HOW TO ADJUST THE TRANSMITTER TO THE ANTENNA If you are rich and have two ammeters they can +‘ oF Looe c M be used to confirm the result as shown by Ml and M2. The diagram suggests where the meters may be put. Of course any sort of oscillating cir- cuit can be used and as far as we are concerned the feeder may have one, two or 5 wires. bear out the above as shown in curves M; and Mz. Note that curve M; is lowest of all at the points recommended for “working resonance”. Another cheap and positive indicator is to put an ammeter in the 110-volt line. When you have max, input you have max. output —probably. We positively refuse to discuss feeder systems and antennas; it’s all a matter of care in adjustment anyway. They will ali work—short, long, high, low—or with the deuces wild. me Strays") McMinn of 2WC made 37 points in the International Contest which he believes will entitle him to a binding post or about eight inches of BX. JULY, 1928

Page 43

, am- ircuit will cRS HE tan ers “ir- the Mi, all ig to >n ut 1 JULY, 1928 have read with interest accounts of various methods of ‘air supporting’ coils, notably that of Mr. Bennett in the November, 1927 issue of QST. Inasmuch as the coil form is some trouble to get made and as not many of us have a lathe at our command, I would like to sug- gest that a round pint bottle from the drug store will serve the purpose admir- ably. Get a bottle having an outside diameter of 2% or 2% inches depending upon the size of coils desired. Wind this bottle with a single layer of number 16 or 18 hard twist linen fishing line; not wrapping twine. Lay three or four strips of celluloid on the layer of line and stick the ends down with cement, After this is hard go ahead with the winding process as sug- gested by Mr. Bennett. MOUNTING THE COILS The coil mountings that I am going to describe are probably in use by a good many men but I have been in many shacks and most fellows are using Fahnestock clips or binding posts and changing coils is a laborious task. And leaving out the time element, the coils are not as steady and rigid as would be desired. To make these coil mountings obtain as many UX tube bases as you desire coils. I am speaking of the new type bakelite base with the long prongs. Draw a line around the tube base % inch from the bottom and cut it with a hacksaw. It will be necessary to hold the base in a vise (by clamping the bakelite and not the prongs as they are liable to bend and not fit into the socket after completion). Cut two strips of bake- lite % inch thick and %-inch wide, long enough to reach from the outside of the plate coil to the outside of the grid coil after proper allowance is made for coupling. Be sure these strips are bakelite and not hard rubber as the rubber will bend too easily to make a rigid mounting. Open up the prongs of the tube base by holding it firmly in one hand and apply- ing a soldering iron to a prong. When it is hot, swing the base with a sweeping mo- tion of the hand, and you will flip the solder out neatly. This is easy to do but hard on the O.W.’s rug. Better take it out on the back porch, Assuming that you have figured out the required number of turns for the grid and plate coils, bend the coil ends of the grid *4EC, Box 418, Red Springs, N. C. OST 45 A Mounting for Space-Wound Coils By Guy E. Pigford* coil so that it will slide down into the base with the ends through the prongs without twisting out of shape. Fit the plate coil ends into the smaller prongs and the grid coil ends into the larger prongs. Slide one strip between the coil and the base and lay the other through the coil to bind the whole works down. Mark the exact cen- ONE OF THE COILS ON ITS “UX” BASE. ter of the tube base and the point where the strips rest over the center of the base. Slip out the coils and strips and drill a hole through the strips and the base to take an 8/32 bolt. Assemble the coil again and pass the screw through the base and the strips and screw down tightly enough to keep the coils from moving. With a sharp pointed instrument, mark the point on the strips where each wire in the coil rests and mark the point on the base where the strip rests. Take the coil apart again and with a three- cornered file cut a shallow groove across the strips corresponding with the points marked for each wire. Also cut a notch in the tube base where the strip will rest to keep it from twisting around when the coil is completed. Your coil and mount- ing is now ready for the final assembly. Just before bolting it down flow a few drops of cement down the grooves where the coils will rest and screw down tightly. Leave the coil alone until the next day and then solder the prong ends. This cement is in- flammable so do not monkey around it with a hot iron or open flame.

Page 44

il when completed can be plugged it f the sockets on the market but of you want one that can be screwed dow! ghtly. Some of them are set on sprir » the tube will be cushioned. This typ insatisfactory as a coil socket, I ha’ ind that a Kelford socket has a screv rough the center and that it can be ened down solidly, making an ex- l for this. If e coils are to be used in a circuit in wl the antenna is coupled by a small cond r the job is complete. If it is de- an antenna coupling coil some litt] 1 work will be necessary. Wind this nna coil out of number 20 cotton coy vire on a smaller bottle or form. Do ace wind it or put celluloid strips ber as in the other coils. Just wind it cl and even. Flow the cement over it completely cover the outside of the Let it harden for a day and you 1 very rigid coil. This one should be a ten turns. Take a flat strip of 4-inch thick and %-inch wide and in long. Cut a slot in the end deep- » receive the coil and still leave enoug the strip to drill a hole through the ra small bolt. Drill a_ hole thr he other end of the strip that will take 3/32-inch binding post. Now mount on the baseboard of the cells Ket coils socket rect d cut a block of wood just high enou place the antenna coil in the end e plate coil. Mount a binding post s block, slip the strip holding the ante | over the binding post and tig] v This antenna coil can then be 1 y swinging it from side to side. If nable care is taken in the con- stru n of these coils and mountings, you will omething to be proud of and som that will stay with you for a long provided good heavy wire was used the cols. In my case, number 15 enan wire was the most satisfactory. x onance Testing Method tinued from Page 41) ing a each one a suitable fixed capa- city. h the same shunt capacity, the coils sl] | resonate to the same frequency. Conder may be tested in a similar man- ner employing a suitable fixed inducts The mum reading of the grid meter at resonance is dependent upon the size of the transfer capacity, the wavelength at which measurement is taken and the resistar of the circuit under test. For a number of similar circuits, tuned to the same wavelength and with a definite trans- fer capacity the dip of the grid meter at should be the same for all cir- resonar OST JULY, 1928 cuits unless the resistance of the different circuits varies. It is quite common prac- tice among manufacturers to use small tuning coils wound with very fine wire. Sometimes these coils receive a “nick” which causes a short between turns. While the resonance of the circuit will not be greatly affected, the radio frequency re- sistance of the circuit will be very high and cause a loss of volume. This will be detected in the usual testing procedure because the grid-meter needle will not dip as much as with the other circuits. Some types of receivers employ a volume con- trol which affects the resistance of one or more of the tuned circuits. The resistance should be cut out as much as possible when making a resonance test. Some receivers employ a device to com- pensate for the antenna tuning effect. When testing such a circuit it is only neces- sary to note that resonance is within the range of the compensator. The following points should be observed to increase the accuracy of the tests. Keep the geometry of the general layout the same for each test, The r.f. line should lead directly away from the set and should not come close to the shield or any grounded object. The size of the transfer capacity should be kept as small as possible. While the tests can be made with or without the tubes being in their sockets it is more con- clusive if the tubes are in place. One rea- son for this is that the detector tube often- times does not have the same loading effect as the other tubes. Be sure that none of the tubes used during the test have dis- placed elements! You know why! , pS trays} ‘ - 1KE, obseiving his three months old heir QSO the Pyrex nursing bottle, had the bright thought that such bottles (8 ounce size) costing one quarter, would make ex- cellent stand-off insulators if fitted with a simple clamp at the bottom by means of which they could be attached to the wall, table, or what have you. Some ‘light’ on radio transmission from Winged Defense by General William Mitchell (G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1925). ‘Light also interferes with our radio or wireless telegraph and telephone communi- cation. Radio waves are really elongated light undulations, and whenever there is light in the air we hear some of the over- tones and undertones from it. That is why the best time for radio telegraphy is at two or three o’clock in the morning, when all the light has gone out of the Air and be- fore more light has come.’ Kennelly, Taylor and Rice please note,

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ick ” hile be re- ‘igh be ure dip me on- ace en m- ct. PS - he ed ep he ad ot ad Ly le ie l- - t F. E. Handy, Communications Manager 1711 Park St., Hartford, Conn. SECRECY OF MESSAGES Someone recently approached us with the proposi- tion that they thought it possible to copy messages and do what they liked with the contents just as long as they were not a licensed operator, sworn to the oath of secrecy. Not so! The point is cov- ered by Section 27 of the Radio Act of 1927 which is abstracted herewith for the information of all who may read. ‘No person receiving or assisting in receiving any radio communication shall divulge or publish the con- tents, substance, purport, effect, or meaning there- of except through authorized channels of transmis- sion or reception to any person other than the ad- dressee, his agent, or attorney, or to telephone, telegraph, cable or radio station employed or au- thorized to forward such radio communication to its destination, or to proper accounting or distribut- ing officers of the various communicating centers over which the radio communication may be passed, or to the master of a ship under whom he is serving, ‘ .; and no person’not being authorized by the sender shall intercept any message and divulge or publish the contents, substance, purpose, effect or meaning of such intercepted message to any person; and no person not being entitled thereto shall receive or assist in receiving any radio communication and use the same or any information contained therein for his own benefit or for the benefit of another not entitled thereto: Provided, That this section shall not apply to the receiving, divulging, publishing, or utilizing the contents of any radio communication broadcasted or transmitted by ama- teurs or others for the use of the general public or relating to ships in distress.—F. E. . TRAFFIC BRIEFS The new Assistant to the CM, 9DOA, arrived in Hartford on Memorial Day and has been on the job ever since. Work on the International Tests has occupied most of his time. Nearly all of the reports from foreign amateurs have been checked. The wind- up of the International Tests wi!l be reported in the August issue of QST. Everybody have patience, please! nu6KS, oh6DB, and oh6NL have been handling traf- fic for the trans-Pacific Yacht Race of June third. Three of the yachts were equipped with radio. The Dayton Amateur Radio Club of Dayton, Ohio, staged a hamfest on May 5 and 6. Delegations of hams came from Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. About two hundred were present and enjoyed talks by SCM Angus, 9CYQ, of Indianapolis, by Mr. O’Callahan of the U. of Cincinnati, by Lieut. Macready of cross- country and altitude flight fame, and by Lieut. Roberts, op1HR. At the banquet the gang enjoyed “CQ” ice cream. A code contest was held, and $150.00 worth of prizes were awarded. 160-METER CODE PRACTICE The response to our little squib in May QST was very gratifying. An equal number of volunteers and beginners have written for instructions and informa- tion. Material has been prepared for the purpose of enabling beginners to get up to 160 meters. This and a list of schedules will be furnished to beginners who request it. More volunteers are needed. If you can help any, OM, we suggest that you read again the article in the C D section of May QST, and write to us. QS T FOR JULY 1928 Don Mix Flies HE co-operation of every amateur is needed in the preparation for a proposed ‘round the World flight in which our old friend Don Mix will be operator. This one is going to be interesting, we promise you. We have the following information on the radio equipment, which is being supplied by the Burgess Battery Co.: There will be a crystal trans- mitter on 20.26, 40.52, 76.8, 34 and 68 meters. The oscillator will consist of a 112 or 171 and the power amplifier a 310. For emergency use it will be possible to shift the 310 over as an oscillator for additional power. In the even that crystals are broken, separate tuned circuits are being supplied to take the place of them and operate in the amateur bands. A 600- meter transmitter will use two 7% watt tubes as straight oscillators to operate either c.w. or i.c.w. No phone transmission will be made. Receivers will be provided for all transmitting waves. Power will be taken entirely from dry cells. The plane to he used in this flight has been especially designed to give the greatest possible safety factor. It is of extremely rugged construction, especially the hull, in order to withstand severe battering if forced down at sea. It will be equipped with two Comet motors each of 150 h.p. Simple but efficient landing gear, enclosed cabin, motors mounted on the wing to provide for clearing obstructions and waves, and for maximum propeller efficiency, are other features. The route of the plane will be from west to east, starting from Detroit, and passing through New- foundland, the Azores, France, Germany, Russia, Siberia, Alaska, and Canada. There is going to be no haphazard flying because the purpose is to dem- onstrate the practicability of commercial flying around the world. The plane is to be delivered at Madison, Wisconsin, some time during the latter part of June. The Burgess Company will have it for a week or so, during which they will make tests on the radio equipment These tests are designed so as to be interesting to amateurs, for the fullest amount of co- operation is needed. With Don Mix, W. H. Hoff- man, Phil Zurian, and Fred Schnell behind them they can’t help but be!! There probably will be an all- night flight or an all-day-and-all-night flight. We don’t know the dope on the plane’s call yet—this and the information as to the exact dates of the test and of the commencement of the world flight will be sent out by Official Broadcasts just as soon as we get it. (Ed. note, These airplanes don’t always get out on sked time, so don’t feel bad about the “latter part of June” mentioned above. Just watch the OBC’s.) There you have it. "Tis a chance to do some worth while work, and it’s bound to be interesting. QRX for OBC (especially 1MK), OM, and when the fire-vorks start, send the into to HQ. Tnx.—L. R. H Considerable confusion seems to have arisen over the new “VE” which the Canadians have been using with their calls This is not a new intermediate, but is one of the provisions of the 1928 Conference being carried into effect earlier by the Canadian au- thorities. By Jan. 1, 1929 (perhaps earlier) all amateur stations of countries ratifying the provi- sions of the Conference will be calling and signing after this fashion: KA VE9AL VE9AL VE9AL de W5AF W5AF W5AF AR. The Federal Radio Com- mission has not announced the common first letter or letters for United States amateurs yet. Yes, OM, pretty soon you'll have a definite prefix to your call that will stamp you as a U. S., Canadian, Australian or what-not, every time you sign. 47

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SANTI abser har OsS0O WNP Thm sistent B.P.L. stations ages, and as usual stan BRASS POUNDERS’ LEAGUE Orig. Del. Rel. Total 5 10 738 753 575 —_ 6 581 159 155 258 572 148 152 221 §21 67 58 384 509 96 212 168 476 111 287 62 460 446 — — 446 45 25 292 362 42 89 156 287 3 1 274 278 145 119 20 274 39 30 199 268 209 34 16 259 153 91 12 256 27 36 186 249 169 51 14 234 62 7 156 226 31 23 172 226 19 47 159 225 9 22 194 225 66 73 81 220 14 35 156 205 1 4 146 201 42 102 48 192 61 50 46 157 52 59 43 154 64 6 - 150 31 52 52 135 68 52 4 124 32 63 18 113 43 62 — 105 smateur “amateur” station. See edi- lune QST. e list by virtue of relaying a bunch YK is second in line with the traffic “radio show” station. oplHR, 1MK, all handled d at the top. appearing in the Brass Pounders’ i for their consistent schedule-keeping ssage-handling work. 6AMM, 6AJM, ndling quantities of long a slightly different he short-haul work. Ss DR and opIDL win their places in our jump traffic proposition pecial credit the following stations responsible for ed DELIVERIES in the message MM _9EZ, oplHR, 1MK, op IDR, 6BPO. r more bona fide messages handled 2nccordance with A.R.R.L. practice or deliveries will put you i n line for a B.P.L Why not make more schedules e stations you hear and take steps to fic that will qualify you for B.P.L. WNP June 1, via 1SZ to A.R.R.L. Hartford, Conn. freed herself from the ice this morn- She now floats in a pool of open i by the melting harbor ice which is Bay to be We expect Anetalok the middle of June, ,onth of rather patchy communication. the only station worked ymnth. Brooks of 9A ir message total of 213. consistently FA handled The other attered among a number of stations 1SZ. 1MX, 1BMS, 2VI, the help of a mighty left on a training cruise 3AKW, and good opera- early in the changed here during the month rict stations were noticeable by their gap 3AKW and 3A NK _ stepped i greatly with eastern traffic. These w how to operate. Best time for in the late afternoon and early to be last summer. T Believed four EST will remain good period for 20 th us for the remainder of our cruise. eter stations exchanged signals with May: iahx lalb lame lawe ibat ibke liga lka Imr Imx Isz Zarb 2arx 2aud 2biq 2bms 2cth 2gp 2sb 2sj 2vi 8adm 8ahr Saih Sakw Sank S8bmc 8bwj 3chk 3nr Sadg 8afe Sagw Sank Saw Sbwq 8ccl 8cfr 8cmb Scent S8cvj Sif 8nb Safa 9beq 9che 9cvd 9dce 9dwe Yeai Yeyu 9fag Ifbw Yfgo ve3be ed-7jo ef-8fr ef-Serg ei-lfp ei-lgw wsdq. Calls worked left out of March list: ladw 2avs 2bhf 3ld 9bkh 9cvb ef-8cp ef-mly. Best regards. Himoe There is to be an interesting plane flight from Rockford, Ill., to Stockholm, Sweden. The plane is a Stinson-Detroiter with call KHAH. QRH’s of 94.20, 47.34, and 23.62 meters. The flight is sup- posed to start in the first week of July. The Dyott Expedition in South America has re- layed most of its traffic via sblIB, nu8CFR, and nu- wa ee VoOQ, the S. S. Morrissey, was worked by 6DFV on May 26th on 20.1 meters. Signals of VOQ were RI-2. 6DFV was reported as R4. More reports will be great- ly appreciated. 90R of Omaha, Neb., has a schedule with VOQ (31.3 meters) on Mon., Wed., and Friday at 11 p.m. C.S.T. If you hear VSGR you'll know that it’s the Royal Canadian Mounted Police patrol boat St. Roch. She left for Hershel Island on June 16th, and contains short wave equipment for operation between ten and eighty meters. The official QRH is 23.4 meters. F. W. Sealey, the operator, says that Hershel Island is located approximately at 70 N. Lat. and 140 West. Long., and that he'll be tickled to QSO amateurs. The United States Coast Guard is sending a small expedition up along Labrador and Greenland for the purpose of measuring terrestrial magnetism. At the time of preparing copy no information on the name of the ship or its call letters had been given us. We do know, however, that the outfit will be equipped to do amateur work on the following schedules in E. S, T.; 8:00 to 8:30 a.m., 12 noon to 12:30 p.m., and 4:00 to 4:30 p.m. on 24 meters; 8:00 p.m. to midnight on 36 meters. The ship will leave Washington about July 1. Watch the Official Broad- casts and next QST. +e 1MK HE following schedules have proven to be the most reliable. If you find it inconvenient to work 1MK directly, traffic given to the stations listed below will go through in good shape. The time given is East- ern Standard: 1APL (80) Sun., 7:00 p.m. 1AHV (80) Mon. and Fri., 7:30 p.m. 1BQD (80) Mon, and Fri., 9:00 p.m. 1VB (80) Tues. and Fri., 7:45 p.m. VE2BR (40) Sun., 9:45 p.m. 2CTM (80) Mon. and Fri., 9:30 p.m. 1BIG (80) Mon, and Fri., 7:00 p.m. 8ZS (80) Mon. and Thurs., 7:45 p.m 8QP (80) Mon. and Thurs., 9:45 p.m. 4XE (80) Sun., 7:30 p.m. 4IE (80) Thurs., 11:00 p.m, 6SV (40) Mon., 11:45 p.m. 6BWH (40) Tues., 12:30 a.m. 6EY (40) Wed., 12:30 a.m. 6CIS (40) Fri., 12:30 a.m. 6ZD (40) Wed., 1:30 a.m. 8AAG (80) Sun., 7:45 p.m. SAYB (80) Tues., 11:30 p.m. 8DED (80) Tues. and Thurs., 9:30 p.m. VE9AL (80) Tues. and Fri., 7:15 p.m. on 52.5 meters) 90X (80) Sun. and Thurs., 1 9ENM (40) Mon, and Fri., 1 9APY (80) Tues., 9:00 p.m. 9DGA (40) Fri., 11:45 p.m. 9DNG (40) Mon. and Fri., 11:00 p.m. 9XI (40) Mon., Fri., 11:30 p.m. WSBS (40) Sun., Mon., Tues., Thurs., and Fri., 8:10 or 8:15 p.m. (WSBS on 383.2 meters). Periods of general operation have been arranged to allow the whole League membership a chance to QSO HQ. The simplest way to get them across under- standably seems to be to list them under forty meters and eighty meters. Here they are: EIGHTY METERS: 8:10—9:00 p.m. on Sun., Mon., Tues., Thurs., and Fri. This general period follows the OBC, which is sent at 8:00 p.m. Also, WSBS is worked following the OBC, whenever possible. See WSBS sked above. QS T FOR JULY 1928 (ve9AL 30 p.m. is 1:15 p.m, in tn ip an te ot ie oD

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Saih agw Safa 9fgo 2ave rom e is sup- re- nu- a. I-2. eat- dule iday yal She \ins and l is est. all the the yen ing to 700 ive ad- ost ow st- QS T FOR JULY 1928 10 :00—11:00 p.m. on Tues. and Thurs, 12:00 p.m.—1:00 a.m. or later, on Sun, night (Mon, morning). FORTY METERS: 10:10—11:00 p.m. on Sun., Mon., and Fri., This general period follows the 10:00 p.m. OBC, 2:00 p.m.—1:00 a.m. or later, on the following nights; Mon., Tues., Thurs., and Fri. This general period follows an OBC only on the nights of Tues. and Thurs. R. B, Parmenter, as most of you know, is the chief operator at 1MK, and signs “RP”. Other signs which will be more or Jess familiar in the future are “OU” of Louis R. Huber, the Ass’t. to the Communications Manager; “FH”, of F. E. Handy, the Communications Manager; and “AH”, of A. A. Hebert, the League’s Treasurer and Field Man. QRH of 1MK, as announced previously, is either 83.86 or 41.93 meters (3575 ke. and 7150 kc). Official Broadcasts are sent from 1MK _ simultane- ously on 41.93 and 83.86 at the following times: Sunday, Tues., and Thurs. at 8:00 p.m. and 12:00 p.m. (midnight) Eastern Standard Time. 2@e WSBS HE Yacht Carnegie, WSBS, of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institute of Washington, left Newport News, Va., May 10 bound for Plymouth, England, the first lap in its three and one-half year world cruise. At this writing we are able to report the safe arrival of WSBS at Ply- mouth. By the time this is in print the Carnegie will be QRD Hamburg, Germany and after a couple of weeks at that port it will be off again—this time for Iceland. For the past week or two “LJ” has re- ported many good QSOs with European stations. Some of us have had many delightful contacts with operator “LJ” of WSBS. A number of stations de- serve credit for helping the expedition. In return for working an expedition regularly, one is well repaid for the fact that the progress and news from the expedition enable one to visit the far places and go through many interesting experiences by proxy. It certainly is thrilling to listen to WSBS night after night—to check the daily position on a map, noting the excellent time made in good sailing weather—the slower progress when becalmed or delayed by fogs, gales or headwinds—to note the cerystal controlled signals vary in intensity when the ship is rolling badly in storms—to picture the discomforts of oerating with several inches of water in the operating room—then with relief to see the first English light- house from the Carnegie’s radio shack and to enjoy with “LJ” the thrill of seeing land for the first time in a whole month “LJ” has reported that even with his screen grid receiver, he can hear but few U. S. hams at the time of day he schedules 1MK (0100 GCT). A few hours later (0400 GCT) signals go up to R-ten plus and the whole 40-meter band sounds as though “LJ” were right in Hartford instead of at Plymouth, England. The report re- ceived by radio (WSBS to 1MK) tells the story and gives credit to the stations communicating with and assisting the expedition. “Yacht Carnegie, WSBS nr 40 June 9 “To A.R.R.L. Hartford, Conn “Not much to report this first month out. Forty- meter band at night sounds same in England as it does in U. S. A. with 1MK among the out- tanding signals Operation here limited and no effort made to reach great traffic totals but fair number of messages handled and all more or less worthwhile. Radio weather during month very consistent except for couple of days when thinzs were pretty dead. Have heard little on %-meter band and nothing on 10. 9045 and 6574 (kilocycles) (33.2 and 45 meters) have been ised mainly. On 6574 have QSO’d a bunch of ‘er’. eg5SH, echbWQ, and eg2XY deserve thanks for doing us a couple of favors. You know how well 1MK schedule has worked out. Arriving Plymouth now and probably be here a week or so. Calls worked as follows: lakd lemf 1lmk lom 2aib 2auo 2ps 2uo 2wi 3anh 3bsb 3ef 3kj 4cj 4oc {si Bayl 5bj 6ax 6bzf Gwn Tac Tvq Sbhz 8bjb kbar Req Roq Yaeb Yavz Xerd Idea 9dng nm-9a ef-Rijc ef-8jf ef-8grg eg-2un eg-2xy eg-5lw eg-5sh eg-5uf eg-5bwaq eg-6pp eg-6rb eg-6yl ve3cs ea-wf scp nkf Hope to add to list next month. Cheerio.—L. A. Jones, Radio Op., Yacht Carnegie, WSBS”. —F. E. H The Ten Meter Tests S this report is being written (June 8) it ap- A pears that there is being a gradual return to good conditions on our ten-and twenty-meter bands. The unsettled and rainy weather of middle May seems to be in some way connected with the un- expected “‘dead’’ period which obtained. It is esti- mated that more than one hundred stations took an active part in the tests. The ardor of the “‘ten-meter gang” was by no means dampened by the weather. Several men investigated local transmission conditions about their ten-meter stations using a portable re- ceiver and cruising about in automobiles. Local work was carried out between ten-meter sta- tions in numerous cases, the ground wave coming through well at varying distances under thirty miles. Conditions were pretty terrible on May 19 and 20 and nothing but local work was reported. The follow- ing week, conditions over the western part of the United States improved somewhat so that some DX work was reported from several sources. The star stations as far as DX was concerned were 9EF (Hammond, Ind.), 6DHS (El Monte, Calif.), 6BZF (Sherman, Calif.), and 6AM (Long Beach, Calif.) 9EF worked 6DHS on May 26 from 2:20 to 2:45 pm and from 3:30 to 3:45 pm. 9EF R8 steady and easy to copy, 6DHS R6 and nice to copy. At 3:45 pm the same afternoon another 100% QSO took place between 9EF and 6BZF. No fading or swinging of any kind was present and 9EF was re- ported R6 and very steady. Sunday, May 27 at 3:35 pm. 6AM answered a CQ from 9EF and once again ten meters scored a success. 6AM was R8 with RAC note and he reported 9EF R9 on screen grid receiver. Before the communication, 6AM’s signals had been copied for about an hour, at 9EF. After a good chat with 6AM it started to rain in Hammond, Ind. and the signals faded clear out. These QSO’s show very definitely that contact between the central part of the country and the west coast is entirely feasible on ten meters. 6AM copied 9EF (R88), 6BZF (R6) and 6DHS (R6) on May 26 and in addition to the QSO with 9EF on May 27, 5TO (Arkansas Pass, Tex.) was copied. At 9EF, an 852 was used in a split Hartley with 190 watts input. The transmitting antenna at 9EF was a 40-meter Hertz energized at it’s fourth harmonic. 6AM and 9EF both observed that no ten meter results have been secured on cloudy or foggy days. 6AM’s set put out 400 watts (input unknown to us) into an antenna 70 feet high and 62 feet long, current fed at the center by two r.f. feed lines 65 feet long. 9EF believes that inter- national contact will be possible on this band with a minimum of power. He says, “Let’s have another DX party on ten meters. The fun has only started. Have tried QRP and in every case the signals are practically as loud. This gives the boy with the 210 as much of a chance as the one with a bank of 204s”. The operator of S. S. Elisha Walker, KDGQ reported from Aruba D.W.I. that nothing was heard on “ten” May 19 and 20. “LJ” of WSBS reported about 700 miles west of Plymouth, England. No other foreign reports worthy of note have been re- ceived since the tests. 2TP (Leonia, N. J.) worked six stations and heard six different stations thus making the highest score (36 points) of anyone reporting participation in the tests. 2TP holds the record for DX reception in these tests. He copied both 5JT (Houston, Tex.) and 6AM The reports have it that both stations were R6 to R7 at times, their QRH 11.5 to 12 meters. The list of QSO’s is as follows: 2JN, 2AQB, 2ACN, 2AHO, 2SY, 2BHA. Those heard but not worked: 2NM, 2GP, 2EB, 2VA, 5JT, 6AM. 6AM was heard from 5:20 pm EST until 8:30 pm (R5 with QSS after dark). 5JT was picked up at 5:30 pm. 2TP will continue to test Sunday on 10.5 meters between 9 am EST and 4 pm EST. A regular 3 circuit tuner with two a.f,. stages on a 65 foot antenna was used. Congrats on the good work, 2TP. 2BHA (Nutley, N. J.) made the next best score (thirty points). He worker 2TP, 2JN, 2SY, 2AHO and 2ACN and heard 2EB, 2NM, 2CZR, 2AQB and 2AOJ working on the ten meter band. He says, “Previous to these tests ef8CT had been coming in here and at 2JN R6 at noon. I believe when weather conditions are more favorable we will be able to work across OK.” 2ACN (Palisades Park, N. J.) worked 2TP, 2IN (25 miles), 2AQB, 2NM and 2BHA and copied signals from 2SY, 2EB and 2BRB making 28 points. He reports that foreign DX on 20-meters has been nil for both Sundays of the tests, a most unusual condition. 2SY (Bloomfield, N, J.) was QSO several second district stations and reports with his best 49

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the next tests. 8SG-8CBN (Denison Uni- nville, Ohio) was on the air continuously ten meter tests except for listening periods mignight on the 19th and ending the watch on the 20th according to the log sub- perator C. M. Brelsford. An unidentified heard at six pm May 19 and communica- tablished with a point % mile from the on ten meters. lorchester, Mass.) was QSO IIA, 1NQ, M and 1ZZ and he also heard 1MR and ng up some 27 points. He says most of ms will continue on “ten” every Sunday. e and airplane engine ignition QRM was addition to the signals. 1CD (Lynn, Mass.) BDP (Fairmont, W. Va.). 410 (Atlanta, ed 4PX also of Atlanta. 6AJI heard 6AM. especially for 1XM but his patience went 5RG (Dallas, Tex.) copied VESCS Ontario) and 6AM on May 27. VESCS sends t and says, “Am QRX for ten meter skeds f the gang. I am going to stick with ten ns up again as it surely will. Am arrang- with eg6YQ and would be glad to have te me as always QRV.” VE2AC (Thetford ).) heard two stations but could not identify th his local power leak. 1SZ (Hartford, communication with 1AVK (South M Conn.) during the tests but reports no Both 1SZ and 1AVK were heard by iIMK thru airplane ignition QRM. 1AQD Falls, Me.) tried hard but heard nothing. klyn, N. Y.) has been on 10.25 meters al- urday and Sunday afternoon with 500 on and crystal control with 210,s and A A 115-meter cage working on one of r harmonics is used. 2JN and 2GP were » the tests and 2NM and 2AOL during 2EB, 2ACN and 2JN were heard in the t t worked at that time. H9XF (Madeleine M nue Eglantine, Lausanne, Suisse, France) | May 26 1120 and 2115 Greenwich and May 18385 Greenwich requesting reports and ten meters. We shall be glad to forward foreign ten meter stations. ; and since the tests some interest- were received which should not be over- RVL worked 1CD (15 Miles) on May 13 to 12:50 pm. 1CD was R4, 1BVL R6. 9EF Raymond, Calif.) and 4CK (Miami, or so before the tests. Between April 4, 6ANN (Long Beach, Calif.) heard »NM, 2JN, 5AUZ, 8ALY, 8CSR, 8EX, ®AHK and also during this period he SCSR, SALY (R4 as late as 4 pm IN. It is believed that the QSO between 2IN at 1745 GCT April 29 is the first ntinental two-way work on ten meters. v port 6ANN expresses the hope that the ’ will wear itself out so that we may con- t experimentation. 1BIG, 1AQD, 4CF. 5HE reports nothing heard on ten meters 1AQD suggests for those having trouble ten meter band the use of the har- r.f. driver which is adjusted by rerular wavemeter. 1AQD and 1BIG tests between 12:45 and 1:15 pm ) another ten meter station in Maine %. IRIG (Augusta, Me.) reports hearing ACN The latter station faded auickly heard most of the afternoon. On the GX (Brattleboro, Vt.) heard 9EF at EST RT7 and very steady, RAC note. vard J. Day at Fort de Lesseps (WUCG) has been listening on ten meters and ™ further reports. oa2RX (H. C. St. John, R N.S.W., Australia) reports via 9EF that } « by each Sunday from 2400 to 0200 tening for ten meter signals. 9EF is ng some ten meter tests with him. We hat 6UF was handicapped by a bad and so unable to participate in the tests uld be remedied long before this is in Concord, North Carolina) copied 2BVG n 4 on May 10 and succeeded in hearing 1CD M May 13. 5HE is on ten meters every ne and afternoon with 150 watts input On April 29 5HE worked 1AQD. " » daily MORE TESTS t of interest being shown in ten meter nerease. This interest and the success- nd information obtained in and about our ‘ Most of those ts is most gratifying. reporting suggest and request another test to be held at the earliest possible date. It seems to have been proved pretty definitely that the weather conditions are important. Every Saturday and Sunday brings word of some new results. It is really easy to build a new plug-in coil for the receiver and to get the transmitter to QSY to the 10-meter band with almost any of the ordinary circuits. As time passes, more and more foreign experimenters and brother hams are getting sets going in the ten meter band. Let us continue the weekly Saturday and Sunday work then through the month of July and get ready for another big test in August. To cover all possible weather conditions and to obtain a comparison of re- sults at different places on the different dates we have decided to make this test cover three week- ends. By announcing the dates at this time, QST can reach localities outside the U.S.A. and Canada so that this can be a really worldwide ten meter test in which there will be a good chance of some inter- national QSOs on ten meters for all those who take part. Everybody, everywhere, is requested to get busy and to prepare for the next ten-meter tests which will be held AUGUST 11-12, AUGUST 18-19, and AUGUST 25-26. All amateurs everywhere are cordially invited to take part and send logs and reports to A.R.R.L. Headquarters, Hartford, Conn. so that the results may be compiled and appear in QST. All that is necessary to take part is to get on the air, trans- mitting and receiving also if possible, or listening for the transmitters if you do not have the facilities of a sending station, and in any case reporting your re- sults and describing your equipment. Let’s go! ! _———— ARMY AMATEUR NOTES FIRST CORPS AREA: Lieut. D. S. Boyden, 1SL, and the Corps Area Signal Officer attended the New England Division Convention of the League. SECOND CORPS AREA: David Talley, 2PF, re ports that 8DME is rebuilding, and has also joined the Naval Reserve. 2EV has left for the west coast. 2CZR will take his place as 2BCB. 2AY has been appointed N. C. S. of Orange County Net. 2BHY came to life and will act as alternate N. C. S. of Long Island Counties Net in place of 2BAA. 2AWU, 2KR, and 2APV have come to life. 2AGS still acts as N. C. S. of Kings County Net. 2CP, 2JG, 3ZI, 2AT, and 2AOS have kept the New Jersey State net schedules in fine shape. Many of the Army- Amateur operators attended the Army-Amateur meet- ing of the Hudson Division A.R.R.L. convention on May 26. 2SC, the Corps Area C. S., is being moved over to Fort Wood on Bedloe’s Island. 2PF will take its place during the move. It is planned to dis- continue the regular net schedules during July and August and only keep schedules with those stations that so desire. Capt. Treest, the Liaison Agent at Fort Monmouth, reports that 467 messages were handled in the Western New York Net, and that fifty messages were handled in the New Jersey Net. All net con- trol stations or their alternates have kept schedules in the Eastern New York Net. THIRD CORPS AREA: The following amateur stations have been successful in maintaining schedules with the net control station: 8BPD, &8GI, 3CEL, and 3BN. NINTH CORPS AREA: First Lieut. Brooke Mce- Gown asked for relief and is being replaced by Second Lieut. Chester E. Weaver, of Berkeley, Calif. The Southern Cross, with call letters KHAB. has been heard by several amateurs while it was flying over the Pacific on its way to Australia. A charac- teristic of the signal was the steady dash while the key was held down. (Power obtained from wind- driven generator). The Railroad Radio Operators’ League is an or- ganization of Morse railroad telegraphers who are interested in amateur radio. We are told that most of the members of the R. R. O. L. belong to the A. R. R. L. also, and that most of them own and operate their own short wave sets. Welcome, OM’s!! The Chief Traffic Manager of the R. R. O. L. is M. G. Barrick, 8AKQ, Moatsville, W. Va. QS T FOR JULY 1928 fn Ous wo w@ a | ea =—"ewr Sen eee ee os oO es oe sna = &@B aed ae et eee oe ~~ woe * 66 66 Gost =" oe oem ere et Oe Oe Oe oo ce a mew

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> held itions rings build t the most more hams unday ready ssible of re- ‘Ss we week- QST anada r test inter- . take y and ill be 3UST ivited esults iat is rans- g for ies of ir re- ’ tions outh, the sages con- dules ateur dules . and Mc- cond has lying arac- » the vind- | Ore most . the and f’st! L. is RE ELECTIONS A.R.R.L. Members in the following Sections did not file valid petitions nominating a Section Com- munications Manager for the next two-year term of office before May 28, the closing date announced for receipt of such nominating petitions. In some cases the petitions were declared invalid because received after the legally announced closing date, or because they contained less than five signatures of A.R.R.L. Members in good standing. Western New York Section, Atlantic Division Indiana Section, Central Division Ohio section, Central Division North Dakota Section, Dakota Division Mississippi Section, Delta Division Kansas Section, Midwest Division Maine Section, New England Division Vermont Section, New England Division Alabama Section, Southeastern Division Oklahoma Section, West Gulf Division Southern Texas Section, West Gulf Division Utah-Wyoming Section, Rocky Mountain Division Due to resignations in the North Dakota Section, the Iowa Section, and the Arkansas Section, the fol- lowing officials have received appointment as Acting Section Manager until A.R.R.L. Members have duly nominated and elected Section officials: Prof H. L. Sheets, 9DM, Brinsmade, North Dakota. H. W. Kerr, 9DZW, Little Souix, Iowa. H. E. Velte, 5ABI, 5408 U. St., Little Rock, Ark. In these three Sections nominating petitions are hereby solicited for the office of Section Communica- tions Manager and the closing date for receipt of nominations is herewith specified as noon, July 28, 1928. In the Western Pennsylvania Section of the At- lantic Division, G. L. Crossley, 8XE, the present in- cumbent, and A. W. McAuly, 8CEO, 309 Thira St., Oakmont, Pa., were nominated. Election results: McAuly, 64; Crossley, 39. Mr. McAuly is herewith declared elected. He assumes office at once. Members in these Sections are herewith informed that the closing dates for receipt of nominating peti- tions at A.R.R.L. Headquarters is set ahead to noon of July 28, 1928. The closing date for receipt of nominating petitions from other Sections in which the Section Manager’s term of office expires within the present year remains as indicated in the notice appear- ing on page 50 of May 1928 QST. Members are urged to take initiative at once, filing petitions for the officials of each Section as may be necessary. It is suggested that the form of nomina- tion printed on page 50 of May 1928 QST be followed closely, —F. E. Handy, Communications Manager. DIVISIONAL REPORTS ATLANTIC DIVISION D-Del. D. of C.--SCM, H. H. Layton, 3AIS—-1AM very sorry, fellows, that no report appeared in QST last month but was very QRW rebuilding station. SAIS is now C. C. on 38.25 meters. Dela- ware: S8AED is moving to Chester, Pa., so will be off the air until Fall. 3ALQ is going strong in Felton. 8WJ punctured his crystal but is back on the air again. There are a few non-ORS in Del. Let’s make the state 100% fellows. Maryland: The SCM had the pleasure of visiting 3APX at Annapolis last month and found Midshipmen Ferrier, Jones and Stretch to be real hams. S8AEI is on 80 meters every night but Friday. 8BBW is very active at Baltimore on 40 meters. 8CGC is going to work for Atwater Kent at Phila. for summer so will be off the air until Fall. The SCM would appreciate more reports from the Maryland gang. Dist. of Columbia: 3ALF manages to handle some traffic when not QRW school and is going to rebuild xmitter soon. 3GT at Bolling Field is the Dist’s best traffic station. Traffic: Del. 83AIS 2; Md. 3APX 4, SAEI 12, SBBW 5; D. of C. 8ALF 9, 3GT 42. SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY—SCM, M. J. Lotysh, 8CFG—Nine ORS were cancelled this month, who have not reported during the last six months. They were fully warned by letter and last QST, so there should be no regrets. 3BSD leads us this month with a nice total. 3CFG fell down due to other ac- tivities. 3IV has a good total. 3SJ came thru in good style. 83BWJ took WNP’s report to HQ. FB. 3AC is now on 20 meters. 3UK has a new Ford now. SAIU is handicapped with low power. 3ZI and 8CFG handled emergency PRR traffic. 83KJ and 3SK com- plain of no traffic 3ARC turned in a nice total. 8UT reported with a nice letter. 3AOC, 3AOM and 8DH will be off until school reopens in the fall. 8BEI is rebuilding and promises activity. Many non- ORS turned in nice totals. We need more ORS so send in your applications and please report on the 26th. Traffic: 8CFG 59, 3IV 33, 3SJ 24, 3BWJ 12, 3UK 11, 8AC 11, 3ZI 7, 8KJ 2, 8BSD 12, 3AIU 9, 3ARC 24, 83AOC 4, 3DH 12. EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA—SCM, J. B. Morgan, 3QP—3ZF, 8WJ and 3AKB all have new rigs working nicely. SAFJ, is moving traffic from his summer station, 8SAUI. 8LC, 8CWO, 3AKB and 8DHT are keeping traffic moving. 8RQ and 8AVK are still in the throes of rebuilding. 3ADQ complains of financial and YL QRM. S8AVL is DXing on 40. 3QM has QSK’d all schedules for a time to become associated with the Electrical Research Prod. Corp. FB. 8CDS complains that most of the gang don’t want to QSR any more. What's the trouble, gang? SADE has a new job now and is learning the Morse code so he can’t operate the set much. 3ZF is on with full power and getting out thru QRW. Traffic: 8WJ 49, 3AFJ 40, 3LC 31, 8RQ 1, 8QP 19%, 8AVK 14, 8AKB 225, SHH 26, 8ADQ 380, 8AVL 14, 8CWO 86, 8DHT 268, 3QM 48, 3CDS 1, 8ADE 61, SZF 78. QS T FOR JULY 1928 WESTERN NEW YORK—SC\M, C. S. Taylor, 8PJ— 8ADE worked Australia and New Zealand. 8AFG was laid up for ten days but handled many messages locally. S8AHC made the BPL and had several schedules. 8AIL has just returned from Europe and will be on with an 852 soon. 8AKZ worked xed-OIP in the Atlantic Ocean off Mobile, Ala. SANX has moved to Gloversville and will build a new station. 8ARX is using a Zepp antenna with good results. 8AVS handled lots of traffic with oh-6DEY and eg- 6CL. S8AWG, an old timer, is returning to the game. 8AYB is still at it handling traffic and ar- ranging schedules. 8BFG has been keeping schedules with several locals clearing up much traffic. 8BLP has been off the air but will soon be with us again on a 74% watter. 8BMJ has been bumming around the country lately. 8BQK has been working at G. E. so transmitter has not been active. 8CDB worked Sweden and handled traffic at an Exposition. 8CDC now operates the set with 8 eliminators on the plate. 8CNH handled traffic with nr-2AGS. S8CNTT states traffic is slight on 20 and 40 meters. 8CNX will be off the air due to empty socket. 8CDH is a new station at Lockport owned by the Lockport Light, Heat and Power Co. 8CSW has been keeping many schedules and handling traffic. S8CVJ has abandoned schedules for the summer due to a new YL. 8DII worked nz-FO5 for two hours steadily. SDME is in the Army Amateur Net and has many schedules. 8DQP handled a message for Austria, and 8DSP handled one for Honolulu. 8PI has been sick so could not report this month. 8QB has been off the air due to the death of his mother but is now back with us again. 8BAG, 8CPC and 8UL have all gone to Europe and will have lots to tell us when they re- turn. The SCM would like every station in the Section to send him their station cards as he needs them for checking purposes. Traffic: SADE 20, 8AFG 220, 8AHC 136, 8ARX 88, 8AVS 10, SAYB 116, 8BFG 6, 8BMJ 34, 8BQK 1, 8CDB 128, 8CDC 20,, 8CNH 1, 8CNT 10, 8CNX 47, 8COH 6, 8CSW 87, 8CVJ 34, 8DII 78, 8DME 32, 8DQP 9, 8DSP 69, 8QB 5. WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA—SCM, G. L. Cross- ley, 8XE—Few stations reported this month and all have a low message total as compared with other months. 8CFR and 8CFY report inactivity this month due to work. 8ABW was off due to power leak and poor receiving conditions. S8ARC reports that he handled all traffic on 20 meters. 8BGW reports ac- tivity on 40 and 80. 8VE is having his exams at medical school. 8CNZ worked OZ with his 210 but he is now using an 852. 8BRM is still on 20 meters. 8DKQ a new amateur at Huntington is working on 40 meters. 8GI has been setting a hard pace with midnight oil and has let down a little because of advice of the doctor. 8XE is still busy on Conven- tion work. 8CEO is rebuilding his transmitter for remote control operation without interruption of schedules. 8CES is working on the 80 meter band and doing some fine work. S8AKI is working both 40 and 80. 8CUG is working on 20 meters and handled 51

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8CKN is a new operator in Erie. 8CAE e be air again using a 210. 8LS is using an ‘ G is boating on Lake Erie and too busy SBHN is QRW in the garden. The SCM vis express his highest respect to the gang in this mn and in the other Section that took part regency that existed during the snow storm Western Penna. the weekend of April 28. a mercury arc now and it works FB. This have a new SCM after this month be- results of the election. The present s all ORS and League members for their he last two years and hopes that the ar led support will be given the new SCM. SCFR 141, 8XE 122, 8DOQ 84, 8DRQ 82, sCUG 48, 8AKI 44, 8GI 32, 8BRM 26, 8BGW l 8CES 10, 8CNZ 10, 8CAE 6, 8ARC 65, 8CYP 24. s the CENTRAL DIVISION ;AN—SCM, Dallas Wise, 8CEP—-8CU now i yn his 210’s and says he likes it much r than the a.c. 9ANT’s schedule with i his traffic total some. 9CE reported by CSI 9CED is back on the air again on nd promises to report regularly from now K is silent due to heavy QRM from work. ly one op now due to the new ruling Commission. 8BWR has been going great he transmitter working on both 80 and a new comer at Holland, Mich. Wel- gang, OM. 8KN is moving to Eastern Lansing and will be on the air again there. SBRS reports trouble with the he loss of his schedules. 9CM says little way. 8CKZ has the set going at the und steps out good. S8AAF is having trouble BCLs 8BAX, a newcomer in Lansing, total for his first report. 8DFB blew Hi. 8AUB has been listening on ays ND as yet. 8DCD of Battle Creek gain but doesn’t say in what band. 8ACU w and then but handled no traffic. 8CNK ret some state schedules working on 40. . playing baseball but was on for the Q SDSF reports he will be silent until ( 8ZZ has been using 500-cycle plate . he blew his MG. 8COW, 8ZZ and 2CEP A First Central Division Convention at Mil- y have some first hand information e receivers, etc. SDKX 70, 9CE 51, 9ANT 47, SCED 9, 8SDVQ 19, 8SBRS 14, 9CM 3, 8AAF 4, SBA SDFB 25, 8SAUB 40, 8DCD 19, SCNK 17, SDED 105, 8CU 19, 8CEP 83. KY—SCM, D, A. Downard, 9ARU—9BCL ervice for a radio shop in Sioux City, s home from sea. 9BWS gets R5 and from OA and OZ stations. 9sCIW is gra from Centre and will soon be 9BGU in . Mo. 9CRD has a WAC tag. 9EKM rs is the berries. 9BGA has a 210 on working everything he hears. 9MN put ew stick. 9BAZ only had to work Asia WAC slip and someone heard one calling lidn’t Hi. 9ENR says the gang in Cincinnati attended the Southwestern at Dayton, Ohio, and a fine time was )AID reports his station not working kness in family. 9BAN seems to be ' of traffic for the Philippines, China > IDLU is off until winter. 9DDH has a antenna for 80 meters. ' ATV 44, 9BAN 41, 9BWJ 30, 9CRD 22. :A 14, 9MN 10, 9BAZ 9, 9ENR 8, 9ARU = os! M, H. C. Storck, 8BYN—Summer is here, } been getting in some awful wallops. : tation to get outdoors and forget radio but don’t let the bottom drop out of y two made the BPL this month, 8AVB F 8AVB got his on 40 while 8DDF used comes third which is good but as usual, . * thing to say about himself. 8BBR is with X-ray QRM. 8CNO says nothing like en morning schedules for QRN less QSOs. 8CAU, at - of Cincinnati, has been demonstrating two + phone to the public. 8CFT reports working . e good DX 8BOR and 8BAU are working on te 1 SDDK still has BCL QRM. 8DSY made WA working op-1GZ. 8AZO got 32 on 40 meters * schedules. SAMI is looking for more power - « hard. 8EQ is working on 40. 8DBM is awen f DX and going back to traffic. FB. 8CMB reports no news. 8GZ has been working with 10 meters. S8CCS has power leak trouble. 8CNC stages a battle royal, 8SCNC vs. BCLs, with the RI in his corner. S8BAC is going down on 20 for the summer. 8CNU has been picking up some extra “jack” via the Morse code route. 8BKM’s MG is too much for his 210 and he blew his 50 so he is going to sell the MG and use the money otherwise. 8DMX also has an MG for sale. 8DNL has been working EP and OZ with a 210. SCFL reports baseball QRM still. Hi 8SDJV been QRW with exams and YLs. 8RN turned commercial op again. 8DJG worked a ship off the coast of Summit Lake, which is 5 blocks from his station. Hi. SBBH says the weather has been too bad to work much. S8BKQ is working on 20 meters entirely. 8OQ didn’t do much this time as he was helping 8CTD blow up his 50 watter. 8PL is using a 210 C.C. set. 8DQZ has been QRW gradu- ating from OSU. S8DHS is going to try 10 meters 8DIA is going to 20 meters for the summer. 8CCG is very QRW and not on much. 8BOP says he can't find enough traffic on 20 to keep him awake. 8ARW will be on within a month with a new set. 8AYO has been rebuilding. SSI has been off the air but is coming back again. There will be a lot of re- building this summer with the new regulations com- ing on and all, and that will be just too bad for traffic also, but the few who will stick will get their share. The Ohio State Convention will be held in Columbus Aug, 17, 18 and 19. Traffic: SAVB 226, 8DDF 226, 8CQU 117, 8BBR 106, 8CNO 84, 8BYN 76, 8CAU 73, 8CFT 54, 8BOR 40, 8DDK 37, 8DSY 32, 8AZO 32, 8AMI 31, 8EQ 31, 8DBM 30, 8CMB 25, 8GZ 25, 8CCS 22, SAWN 20, 8CNC 19, 8BAC 19, 8CNU 15, 8BKM 9, 8DNL 8, 8CFL 7, 8DJV 7, 8RN 7, 8DMX 5, 8DJG 4, 8BBH 3, 8SBKQ 2, 80Q 2, 8PL 1, 8DQZ 1. INDIANA—SCM, D. J. Angus, 9CYQ—9AIN again leads the state for traffic haniled. 9EZ is a close second and both 9EZ and ®%iGD made the BPL. 9EZ will be off part of June as there is an intermission in school activities during that time. 9AYO is putting in an 852 tube. 9EKW is trying his hand at grind- ing crystals. 9BKJ and 9CLO are going to try crystal on 40. 9CVX cracked his crystal trying for the last inch of DX, 9EGE is trying 10 meters. 9FGD is leaving Valpo telegraph school and returning to his 9ARE at Owen, Wis. 9EYY is a new station in Richmond. 9EVA is off for a short time due to transformer trouble but will be on again soon. 9FLU has decided to move to Kalamazoo, Mich. 9ASX and 9EVA have joined the Naval Reserve. 9BKJ reports that the Fort Wayne Radio Club is growing rapidly due to increased local interest in amateur radio. 9F JT is a new one at Fort Wayne. 9DPJ is going to start up again on low power. 9BWI has got his BCL QRM conquered so is at it again on fone 9AMZ has given up fone for 40 meter code. 9ELL has a fine new antenna but now needs a set to hitch on the end. Traffic: 9AIN 509, 9EZ 476, 9ABW 45, 9BZZ 41, 9AEB 4, 9EGE 8, 9EYY 60, 9EKW 70, 9EVA 9, 9ASX 71. 9DBA 85, 9AYO 55, JBKJ 27, 9CVX 19, 9FGD 157, 9CRV 51, ILLINOIS—SCM, W. E. Schweitzer, 9AAW—Fred Hinds, 9APY has been elected the new SCM for Illinois for the term ending June 1930. In the fu- ture, please send all of your monthly reports to him I know Fred will be able to carry on your activities even better than I have been able to do, and I know that you will give him all the cooperation in the world 9AAW has been equipped with rectobulb rectifiers and is now on the air with DC. 9AAS in his first report mentions working nj-2PA _ receiving an R8& report on his sigs 9ACU has rebuilt and is working on 41 and 21 meter 9AD is working on 4 crystal transmitter and says the planting of 75 acres of corn kept his traffic report small. 9AFA is still busy with WNP traffic most of which is coming through the central states 9AFB will be on again after June 15 9AFF hopes to have his television transmitter going soon. 9AFX is taking a trip to Montana. 9AGG says traffic took a slump because of the YLs. 9AHJ hasn't been on lately. 9AHK says everything out his way is rosie. 9ALK is busy with work. 9AMO reports summer weather hard on schedules 9ANQ is going to stick to traffic unless ten meters gets too alluring. 9APY is arranging schedules with route managers and ORS for trans- continental work. Mr. and Mrs. 9AQA report the arrival of a new baby girl. 9ASE had to QSK schedules because he is working nights. 9AWX was on only a few times during the last month. 9BHT is on a fishing trip in northern Minnesota, with & QS T FOR JULY 1928 9] a

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8BBR SBOR Q 31, N 20, NL 8 BH 3, again close 9EZ ission utting yrind- rystal e last 3D is to his on in ue to 9FLU XC and pports apidly 9FJT ng to t his fone 9ELL et to 2 9 , l O 5 X 1 V 5 Fred { for e fu- him vities know n the obulb AS in -iving nd is on a acres 1 still ming again vision ip to ca ise AHK busy rd on inless nging Trans- t the QSK was )BHT ith a 1928 portable. 9BNI is on a vacation and will come back on the air with crystal control. 9BRX hopes to be on more regularly when school lets out. 9BSH was off with the flu and still feels kind of wobbly. 9BTX would like to find someone to play chess by radio. 9BZO also reports a scarcity of traffic. 9CAR is going to put in crystal control this summer if the resources of his pocketbook will permit it. 9CCZ is busy playing baseball and only pounds brass when he receives QST. 9CIA had 84 foreign QSO’s during the last month. 9CKM has a new plate transformer and rectifier. 9CMX is busy with radio at Crane High School of Chicago. 9CNB blew his H tube and is now using a 210. 9CNY is on 160 meters with phone. 9CUH and 9UV are the only two active stations in Waukegan at the present time. 9CUO has listened on 10 meters but results are nil as yet. 9CZL is going to put DC on his 381’s. 9CZT is going to take his portable along on his vacation trip. 9DCK received a report from fm-8SF. 9DGA worked 4 continents with his 210 tube. 9DOX re- ports 9CNH back on the air. 9DSO has some an- tenna trouble, and thinks he will go back to the voltage feed Hertz. 9DSU has best results with his antenna and counterpoise. 9ECR can’t be on much because of BCL QRM. 9EGX sent in his report via 9FGD 9EGX is going to start experimenting with phone. 9EJO is working better and better DX. 9EPG cleaned up his rectifier and now is getting pure DC reports. 9ERH wants to put a portable radio on their yacht. 9EYA finds very little traffic on the 40 meter band. 9FCQ in Lawrenceville is going strong. 9FDJ is on between 11 am and 11 pm daily. 9FO is lining up a high speed break-in schedule with SADA. 9IZ lost a couple of his aerials when the roofers removed them while tarring the roof. He says that 9FPP is located only 50 feet away 9KA hopes to get back on soon. 9KB QSR his traffic via Uncle Sam. 9QD reports no results with his television outfit as yet. 9PU will be on regularly again during the summer. Traffic: 9BZO 138, 9CIA 136, 9AFA 93, 9FO 90, 9AMO 77, 9CZL 60, 9BNI 54, 9ASE 53, 9AHK 51, 9AAS 47, 9CNB 50, 9AD 41, 9APY 41, 9BTX 34, 9EJO 26, 9CAR 26, 9DCK 22, 9DOX 21, 9QD 19, 9CUO 17, 9DSU 16, 9CUH 15, 9FCQ 14, 9EPG 14, 9CZT 12, 9KB 11, 9DSO 10, 9ERH 8, 9BSH 8, 9ACU 8, 9CNY 8, 9DBI 7, 9EGX 7, 9AGG 7, 9ALK 6, 9I1Z 5, 9EGX 5, 9FDJ 4, 9ZA 4, 9DGA 4, 9MI-PU 3, 9CKM 3, 9ECR 6, 9ANQ 2, 9BVP 1. WISCONSIN—SCM, C. N. Crapo, 9VD—9DLD, our RM, still leads the state and promises that he will be in the BPL all summer. 9DLQ is second this month but will be off the air until September. 9DTK had to cancel some of his schedules because of skip distance effect but expects to continue with them later. 9DNB worked OZ and handled his share of traffic this month. 9EEF had schedules with 9DLQ and 9EQP on 40. 9DND still keeps two schedules but complains of signal intensity decreasing. 9SO keeps six schedules and works a five point system. 9ABM has trouble with schedules during poor radio weather. QEWY has been off the air getting his new set going. 9BPW attended the Convention and took an exam. for commercial ticket. 9BWO tried out a new antenna but says the old Hertz is hard to beat. O9BJY was not on the air consistently this month due to an operation. 9LV has installed CX381 rectifier tubes for his UX210. 9DEK has a schedule with 9CKM daily on 82. 9AZN is slowing down in handling traffic due to other activities. 9BWZ has been sick a great deal this month. 9EBT was sick and unable to attend the Convention. 9DJK is down on 20 and says he has forgotten traffic until fall S9FAW is a new station at Stanley with RAC on 210. SCVI has his MO-PA set going now and will prob- ably stir things up in So. Milwaukee this month. SEWN says if there wasn’t so much static these nights, he would sit in and handle a few messages. Traffic: 9DL 205, 9DLQ 181, 9DTK 128, 9DNB 83, SEEF 80, 9DND 78, 9SO 56, 9ABM 46, 9EWY 34, SBPW 27, 9BWO 26. 9BJY 15, 9LV 11, 9DEK 10, 9AZN 9, 9EBT 6, 9DJK 6, 9FAW 4, 9BWZ 9, 9EWN 2, SCVI 1. DAKOTA DIVISION SOUTHERN MINNESOTA—SCM, D. F. Cottam, SBYA—A decrease in traffic is noted this month but the fine weather, fishing season, etc., are very g00d reasons for giving the junk a rest for a QS T FOR JULY 1928 while. The SCM is going to put on a little contest and the station in this Section having the highest total of traffic for June, July and Aug. 1928 will re- ceive one UX210 and the next highest will receive one 222 shield grid tube. Your logs of these three months to be sent to the SCM after the August report has been sent in. These prizes are not big ones but I hope they will spur the brass pounding some. We are also interested in receiving the logs of the messages because from them we may be able to make various helpful suggestions. 9COS makes the BPL for the third consecutive month. 9XI keeps one schedule. 9AIR is leaving on a 1500 mile tour. If you hear 9FGK, his portable which he has with him, give him a buzz. 9DOP reports two new sta- tions 9FJI and 9FPY. 9BTW handled a rush mes- sage (doctor’s certificate) for WUAQ. 9EFO keeps one schedule. 9ELA handled one rush message and he reports a new station, 9FNC. 9BYA has been on 20 and 40 with a new vertical ant, of copper tuning. 9BKX reports as usual. 9EFK has been off the air on account of heavy work but is on week- ends at times. 9BFO says the attic has been too hot for much pounding but is installing some new fans to keep himself and the set below the melting point. 9DHP keeps one sked on 20 and was QSO oa-3GR. 9ERT will be exhibited at the National Educational Assn. Convention in July. 9DBW keeps one schedule and otherwise is off the air because he is very QRW. 9EYL is on 20 because he says it is best. He is doing some very nice work with a 210. 9DGE is still on the barge line and says he misses the old ham set. 9DEQ is very busy and is off the air for a while. 9DBC is home from the A.T. and T. school and will be on four bands in a very few days. Traffic: 9COS 249, 9XI 43, 9AIR 32, 9DOP 29, 9BTW 24, 9EFO 15, 9ELA 14, 9BYA 14, 9BKX 11, 9EFK 9, 9BFO 7, 9DHP 5, 9DBW 4, 9EYL 3, 9DGE 1, NORTHERN MINNESOTA—SCM, C. L. Barker, 9EGU—The summer slump seems to have taken a hold all right judging by the small number of reports received this month. 9EIX is moving to Wheaton to take up duties as telephone lineman. 9EHO says he is open for schedules daily and reports QRN fierce on 80 meters now. 9EGU is off the air just temporarily while finishing some work on his new summer cottage. 9AIR recently paid 9ABV a visit. 9CIY is moving his business so will be off for a while but will soon be on with a new Belgian 1KW tube. 9BMX says 20 meters has slumped bad- ly. 9AKM hasn’t been on at all the past month. 9DPB rebuilt his Zeppelin antenna and hooked oh- 6ALM first crack. 9EGF can’t raise a thing with his new Hertz antenna. 9BCT reports that one pow- er transformer crossed the “River Styx” and now is “Among (his) Souvenirs”. 9AOK worked his {6th country by spearing as-35RA. 9EGN will soon be on regularly since the U. is soon out. 9BIW has been “flirting” with 10 meters. 9EHI worked WNP yn 20 one afternoon. Traffic: 9EIX 82, 9EHO 58, 9DPB 26, 9EGF 20, 9CIY 17, 9BCT 17, 9AOK 10, 9EGN 6, 9BIW 2, 9EHI 1, NORTH DAKOTA—Acting SCM, Prof H. L. Sheets, 9DM—9DIC has changed from a selfrectifie layout to a chemical rectifier and has quite a kick. 9IK reports two new stations down in that neck of the woods. 9FMC Havana. and 9FLF, Cogswell. It seems as though there were more coming to light all the time. 9DYX reports no traffic but was heard in England. 9BRR reports QRN heavy on 80 meters. 9DYA is still trying to work low-power fone DX. 9DM has been QRW with school work. 9BVF is too busy graduating this month to report. Traffic: 9BRR 6, 9DM 4, SOUTH DAKOTA-—SCM, F. J. Beck, 9DB—9DNS turned in a FB traffic report and reports two new stations in Sioux Falls, 9FQH and 9FQX. 9ESD is moving to Platte where he will operate with 9AZR. 9BKB has been QRW exams. 9EUH QSY'’d to 20 meters but has a power leak. 9DGR handled a rush message from na-7MN to a Duluth hospital. 9DLY is in the hospital in Huron. 9AGL has the CC transmitter going FB. He is preparing to work on the television reception this summer. 9FOQ is a new station in Milbank using a 210. 9NM is planning on storage Bs for plate supply. 9BOT had an op- eration but is recovering FB. 9DB is rebuilding and on vacation. 9AJP is having trouble with his rec- tifier. Traffic: 9DNS 32, 9EUH 22, 9DB 21, 9ESD 5, 9AGL 4, 9BKP 1, 9AJP 3. 9DGR 11, 53

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DELTA DIVISION schooi and will have crystal going on 10 meters sooi, he hopes. Long Island: 2AYS claims to be QRW rT. ENNESSEE—SCM, L. K. Rush, 4KM—Reports at present. 2GP is working FB on 10, 20, 40 and this Section have been very scarce of late. 9 meters now. 2TY wants an ORS and seems to reports are being had from some ORS. 4SP have lots of traffic now. ng his two brothers the way of the ham Traffic: Manhattan: 2BCB 24, 2BNL 8, 2CHU 12 al are all set for a license. The Knoxville Radio 2EV 10, 2KR 72, Bronx: 2AET 13, 2ALP 26, 2AWU ged a DX contest and are all wondering who 11, 2BAD 57, 2CYX 68. Brooklyn: 3ADZ 20, 2APD winner. 4ABZ says that he has been blowing 9 2aAJL 6, 2BDM 12, 2CCD 25, 2PF 50, 2UI 89. nsers, building new receivers, etc. 4ABR Long Island: 2AYS 5, 2GP 39, 2TY 63. may got to Calif. and wants the gang to - 2 him. 4KM has moved and the status of the EASTERN NEW YORK—SCM, F. M. Holbrook, =a : : 2CNS—Sixteen stations report 412 total messages, doubt as the transformer in the block is 3 ough to pull the three HP motor on the 2AXX and 2AUO handled traffic from eaKY (Vienna) ” to o* -y— — aviator to Bremen Expedi- . tion. PQ says the asst. YL op has qualified so (ABZ 31, 4SP 10, 4ABR 6. " be QRV for her. 2CTH has a new Zeppelin. 2ANV ANA—SCM, C, A. Freitag, 5|UK—5NE has has kept a schedule with LAWQ for two years. 2ABY rimenting with 5 meters. 5KH and 5ANC has to keep quiet hours for BCLs. 2BKE has re : after traffic and say they are doing their byilt the transmitter and antenna. 2AYK is chief Delta Division back on the map. 5LV op at 2BGR, Fordham Uni. At Hudson Div. Conven- hedule with 5EB for three weeks. 5EB's tion, the SCM saw 2AGQ draw ticket for a free air- w was in the hospital and 5LV gave her plane ride to A.R.R.L. Headquarters. Hi. 2ACY is pe via radio. Good work, OM. 5IE says our newest ORS and has schedule with S8DKY. meters very changeable. 5ANC kept Tupper Lake and will clear traffic from Adirondacks. for three days with ER-3 when 70 airplanes 2ACD wants an ORS. 2QU is moving junk to a ewoeon oS Se woawe =| & =a M

igh on way from Montgomery, Ala. 5PM new QRA. 2ALI is now chief op of WOKO on top hat he is turning in his _ORS for cancella- of Mt. Beacon, N, Y. and will soon have short wave as he is going to school in England for a year transmitter working 1700 feet above sea level. A ; ff to college. 65RD says he has not been Traffic: 2AYK 70, 2QU 70, 2ACD 563, 2BOW 45, a oenene ee eb Oe eh eh ae ane 4s one ablish many QSOs. 5QJ is still working on g2apRy 26, 2BKE 25, 2ACY 20, 2AXX 18, 2AGQ 16, nd 160 meters and is able to find — time 2ANV 16, 2CTH 14, 2AUO 12, 2CNS 23, 2APQ 5 eter experiments. 65HR is on the air ~ . ~ . each night. Half of 5HR’s messages (he NORTHERN NEW JERSEY—SCM, A. G. Wester, a eon . ‘ ” 2WR—Despite warm weather over 500 messages were — 0 wee ee ae ao ae handled in our Section. 2JG continues to make sEM hes at last been successful in clear- things hum in Keyport on 80. 2WR maintained a few ; modulation. 5QO is gradually being schedules with NIDK for Boston traffic. 2AT is ned out on phone and will be working OK the only station to make the BPL this month. Do- cere chest (ine. outs — ~ “3 —- the a ae — ew r 38, e traffic lead in is Section. made 0 SKH 41, 6LV 38, SIE 18, SANC 12, SRD 2, Qos in May which is very FB. 2EY again has ; . sickness in the family. 2JC is not on the air as yet AS—SCM, W. L. Clippard, Jr., SAIP- with the new high power transmitter. 2ASZ is help- s is our last report together. I certainly ing a beginner get started as an amateur. 2KA is i my work with you as SCM and I want fixing up the shack for fall work. 2BDF passed for the splendid cooperation you have his commercial examination and is now an operator | only regret that I have not done more a+ WAAM. 2ANG also maintains a schedule with ABI will be the acting SCM until the next NIDK the Ice Patrol. 2MD will be heard on 20 sh will be held in the near future. In the with a big bottle shortly. 2CTQ sent his report in please get in touch with him at 5408 U from Baltimore. 2CJX is playing with 10 meters Rock, Ark. and give him your best of and wishes more stations were there. 2BY has the It is sure discouraging to an SCM when good fortune of having 2AVK rebuild her transmitter ; 5ABI has been in the game since the which accounts for no traffic report from 2AVK. nas , been very active all the time. We 2BIR says Spring Fever has kept him off the air. xtend our sympathies to 5CK whose father 915 handled some important European traffic. 2ADL past month. 5ZAA was badly injured but fears that he will leave this Section for the south ping that he will be well soon. 5AQX has shortly. 2BAL took a message from ed-7JO for ck but is up again and well. WNP. 2JX can not raise anybody with his new 5ABI 24, 5EP 18, 6SS 138, 6AQX 4. transmitter. 2AOP cannot find time to operate. 2AEB sIPPI—SC]} julle —S5AF has had fine QSO with foreigners last month and od * sons satel iter tie oe ton dele worked 4 continents. 2BME sent in his first traffic few messages. 5AGS's station needs overhaul- report and applied for ORS. nothing doing due to the high price of cash Traffic: 2WR 6, 2AT 118, 2CP 96, 2CW 7, 2ASZ 5AGM on the air at the Boy Scout 11, 2KA 2, 2BDF 34, 2ANG 56, 2MD 20, 2CJX 12, ring July and Aug. 5ANP reports the death 2BY 5, 2BIR 6, 21S 19, 2ADL 87, 2BAL 4, 2DX 4, Mother and doesn’t know just when he will 2AOP 33, 2AEB 7, 2BME 665. ng again Sorry to hear of your mother’s M 5FQ says he thinks it would be a good — f work if the SCM would stop all QRN-QRM-

then he might get some good DX to re- MIDWEST DIVISION 5SAPI reports that he is still going strong nly ham phone in Miss. 5AYB reports lIOWA—<Acting SCM, H. W. Kerr, 9DZW—En- ‘ec on 20 meters but says it is FB for all thusiasm of the convention at Ames in April seems rposes 5AJJ commutes to New Orleans to be propagating plans for greater activities in ay and hasn't much time to operate the set. lowa. Crystal control, five, ten and twenty meters eports working SC, EG, OH and OA lately, are some of the projects being developed by various meters members of the gang. Louis Huber, ex9DOA, has 5AKP 75, 5AGS 1, 5FQ@ 14, 5API 2, 5SAYB gone to Hartford to be Asst. CM to Handy at HQ 5AED 8. This should give greater encouragement to Iowa amateurs and we have assurance that he will be opcmeamengrecin in close touch thru 1MK. Kruse, our ex-SCM, | HUDSON DIVISION is shifting from Continental to Morse with | ner come . , _ R.R. op in view. The traffic slump is just , NJ YORK CITY & LONG ISLAND—Acting SCM, natural, schools closing and QRW_ everywhere, Ki patrick, 2EV—Manhattan: — is but a luck thirteen reported. 9Ccs leads and Soe SS oe 2 Se Ss ee. - DJ better look at his laurels as 9EHN with that FB - 3 8 vers fi = & plugging DC note is now heard throughout the Dist. in QRN CHU sends in his first traffic report in two 414 QRM. 9%EJQ is listening to Tens. 9EDW on | EV has dismantled his station and is going 40 both A.M. and P.M. wants schedules. Our REL 2KR is doing good work now. Bronx: 9CZC is starting a new ham. 9PB says silent for | observing BCL quiet period pre nes GRA summer. 9DPL is grateful for 15 QSO's from 260 says DX and traffic are FB now. Brooklyn: ‘#!ls. will be off the air during the summer. 2AJL Traffic: 9CS 133, 9EHN 108, 9BAT 78, 9EDW 66, RW at the Convention. 2BDM is rebuilding to 9DZW 388. 9EHR 28, 8CGY 25, 9CZC 10, 9EJQ 10, s I PA now. 2PF was QRW convention and 9PB 10, 9EIW 9, SBCA 6, 9DPL 1. Q 8 T FOR JULY 1928

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8 s0of, > QRW 40 and ems to HU 12, 2AWU 2APD Ul 39. brook, ssages. fienna) =xpedi- fied so 2ANV 2ABY las re s chief onven- ee air- ACY is 8DKY. idacks. c toa on top t wave YW 45, 3Q 16, » 5. V ester, En- seem; ies in neters arious t HQ Iowa ill be -SCM, with just vhere, and ‘QRN W on it for n 250 W 65, Q 10, QS T FOR JULY 1928 NEBRASKA—SCM, C. B. Diehl, 9BYG—The Of- ficial Observer and Asst. Observer turn in a very detailed report but sorry to see so many stations listed there. Very few of them are Nebraska sta- tions, however. 9CJT is busy with his work now. 9ANZ put on some emergency work for the Postal and some newspaper during the recent sleet storms. 9AWS is swamped with work on the job and says can’t be on much as would like. 9EEW got “sore” at his receiver because OA and OZ stations wouldn't come through R9 so tore it up and is rebuilding. 9DFR is very QRW taking exams for Annapolis, his “Sax” and his YL. 9DVR is QRW with spring work and housecleaning. 9GJD is a new station at Burwell. 9DI anticipates lots of work and other- wise this coming summer. Hi. 9BOQ says that QRN almost gets him on 150 and 80 meters. 9CHB sure walks out even on 175 meters but says QRN is heavy. 9CDB is QRW with his work at this time and too QRW pounding iron to pound the key. 9BQR is QRW with his work in Post office. 9EBL is QRW with his power house work and rebuilding completely. 9AEZ turns in an excellent total this time and contemplates applying for ORS. 9BBS is rushed to death with his work and has to rest every minute that he is home. 9EUT still bangs away and his totals sure show it. 9BGK, newest ORS, says his new receiver is a “WOW”. Glad of it, OM. 9EXG wants to trade his set for a motorcycle. Traffic: 9ANZ 13, 9AWS 1, 9DFR 2, 9DVR 5, 9BOQ 10, 9CHB 22, 9AEZ 24, 9EUT 22. MISSOURI—SCM, L. B. Laizure, 9RR—9BEQ, 9AAO and 9BEU led in traffic in St. Louis this month. 9BEQ and 9AOT are now enroute to the west coast for the summer. 9AAO is keeping sev- eral schedules and can use more western schedules. 9AIQ sends his first report, he is using an old 202 and working good DX. 9DLB was QRT with con- denser trouble and plans revamping the works. 9BEU says traffic took a jump at his station. 9AAU-ZK paid another visit to Kansas City and says traffic conditions are FB at his station. The SCM would like to get monthly reports from all new stations, admission is free, OMS. 9DZN had fair luck this time but no great amount of traffic moving. 9BMU also collected a few messages after some rectifier trouble. 9DUD will be on more regularly since school is out. 9BHF applied for an ORS and OBS. 9BSE reports using CW and fone on 84 meters. S9EPX is a first-time reporter and is coming up on 80 meters. 9DAE visited the gang in K.C. 9CRM rebuilt the works and has much better QSB. 9AJW- ERM led the whole state for traffic, keeping 4 schedules. 9AJW returns to Joplin as school closes 9ERM goes to Wellsville but does not expect to be operating. 9AJW won a $25 prize in mathematics at school and visions an 852 with trimmings. 9AJW and 9ERM did not miss a day’s activity in 5 months. FB. 9BQS reports QRM from school and job. 9BJA is keeping about 10 schedules on 20, 40 and 80. 9F BF kept schedules with 9ERX and 9FRG. 9LI was off temporarily due to blown B batteries. 9CDF handled a good total and kept up his usual schedule with 9ERR. FB. OM. 9ASV kept a few schedules though others did not keep their’s so well. The Jop- lin gang are starting a ham club again. 9DKG con- tinues his schedule with 9ENU and reports another new ham in Columbia, 9FNU. 9BOE seems QRT. 9CCQ is QRT, farm work QRM. Sorry, OM. 9DEJ was seen carting home a flock of new filter con- densers. 9FIO did not get much traffic this month due to QRN. 9ENU had a good bit of traffic. 9RR also had a good total but DX ND on account of QRN. 9BSB is on again with a new Zepp and MOPA. 210 set in a 5 kw. frame. Hi. 9BUL is re- ported back on the air. 9ACA is leaving for Denver shortly and will be greatly missed here. 9BUR has a trick layout scattered through two rooms and the attic, thanks to unusually kind hearted landlady. Hi. 9DQN has been doing some experimenting and built a new receiver. 9LD and 9ENU had bad luck at 9FAU when a windstorm blew down the tower ex- SECZ is running a ham store at 15th & McGee Sts and invites the gang to QSO. 9ZD has been doing some more experimenting. 9KM visited the gang on the Missouri side recently. A new ham club is re- ported in process of organization. 9DQN received his ORS and is also an OBS. 9ENU withdrew his ORS application on account of leaving for school in the fall. ex-9DZO is a new arrival in K.C. The SCM expects shortly to receive his commission as ensign in the USNR and appointed as Section Com- mander of Missoori and Kansas. Inquiries from in- tevented amateurs solicited and full information will e sent. Traffic: 9BEQ 63, 9AAO 59, 9AIQ 4, 9BEU 40, 9EK 12, 9DZN 26, 9BMU 10, 9DUD 18, 9AJIW- 9ERM 160, 9CRM 74, 9BJA 15, 9CDF 38, 9ASV 6, 9DKG 39, 9FIO 4, 9ENU 41, 9BSB 10, 9BUR 1, 9DQN 6, ORR 101. NEW ENGLAND DIVISION The usual summer slump has started and sta- tions in the agregate report very little traffic and much DX. 1AMC hopes to have a fifty going soon. 1AFB has been rebuilding. Boston has claimed 1BQH for a time and the YLs have claimed 1ASD. 1BGC and 1BWM have been stepping out on 20 meters. 1VB, in quest of that distinctive note, has installed crystal control. 1VE has tasted the 20- meter band and pronounces it the best yet. 1AMG was busy on 80 most of the month. 1BJK worked Australia. 1ATG will be inactive all summer due to pressure of Naval Reserve work. 1BLF has been off the air. 1ADW handled some traffic with Germany. I1CTI is sporting a new Chevie. 1BNS is getting ready for exams. 1PE had good luck in working DX but had trouble getting traffic. 1MK reached a new high traffic level and promises to surpass all records. FB. 1TD. charmed the New Haven populace with an amateur exhibit at the Better Homes Exposition in that city. 1IM kept schedules with ef-8ORM and 2VM. 1NE has a new outboard motor speed boat and keeps all the shore residents awake. Hi. I1IV is busy choosing a good job from several possibilities. 1ZL is experimenting on 10 meters. 2AWU’S first operator has written the SCM to say that his gang (CC ste ened came ot A. Weidenhammer, SCM will have a summer station running at Branford, eall 1BKI. Traffic: I1AMC 9, 1AFB 85, 1BQH 25, 1ASD 52. I1BGC 11, 1VB 18, 1VE 76, 1AMG 78, 1BJK 33, 1ATG 4, IBLF 6, 1ADW 25, 1BNS 29, 1MK 521, 1TD 148, 1BWM 3, 1CJX 29, TIM 36, 1IV 4, 1NE 3, llII 8, 1PE 21. MAINE—SCM, Fred Best, 1BIG—I1BIG is doing a bit of experimenting on 10 meters but to date has heard nothing and has had no reports on his signals. 1CDX turned in his usual fine total and has some fine schedules with 1AWQ and 1ANH. 1HB has at last got the two fifties going in a fine full wave out- fit. Mr. and Mrs. 1AJC put over a nice total and are busy with elimination of BCL interference. 1LANH reports some fine work on the part of 1CDX on their regular schedule, when a sick message was handled expeditiously thru very bad QRM. FB. 1AQL works regular schedules with 1ANH and 1AWQ and reports that a big crowd will attend the Convention from Bangor. 1BAY turned in his report by Western Union. FB. 1AIT, one of our old relibales, reports a schedule with I1BED on 81 meters. 1BFZ handled three messages. Hi. 1AQD, a real pioneer on the 10-meter band, reports this time. He has worked 5HE twice on 10 meters which is quite some _ record. 1AQD reports hearing 1BIG’s 20-meter signals twice during the past month. 1CFO sent in a report after a long lay-off. 1ASJ has his new Zeppelin up and he says it is working bully on 20 and 40 meters. 1ACV turned in his best total to date. He has an ORS coming to him upon making application. 1CDX reports a new ham, 1BOK in Norway, Maine. Traffic: 1BIG 105, 1CDX 78, 1HB 29, 1AJC 265, 1ANH 86, 1AQL 18, 1BAY 15, 1AIT 10, 1BFZ 3, 1AQD 2, 1ASJ 6, 1ACV 42. RHODE ISLAND-—SCM, D. B. Francher, 1BVB— Things are getting rather dull in this state. Fewer and fewer reports are received every month. Come on, gang, show some pep. 1BQD is only on to keep schedule with 1MK. 1AQP has been QRW opening a new business for himself. 1AAL’s report was received too late last month. He is QRW studying. IBVB is now using a voltage feed antenna with much better results. 1IBAT has been QRW with the YLs. 1BLS is doing heavy studying for school exams. 1MO did some very fine DX during the month. Traffic: 1BLS 51, 1BAT 45, 1BQD 35, 1AQP 14, IBVB 14, 1AWE 9, 1MO 8, 1AAL 6. NEW HAMPSHIRE—SCM, V. W. Hodge, 1ATJ— Not much new this month, gang, as several of the fellows failed to report. However, the interest shown by some of the ORS is shown by their reporting by Western Union and special delivery. Hi. Every- one complained of poor radio conditions which prob- ably accounts for some of the small reports. 1BFT is 55

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at p this time but reports school QRM. 1CKK 5 i as trying fone. 1AEF is DXing on 20. ‘ made the WAC. FB, OM. 1AFD says the f are pounding thru R9 with his new shield g er. 1IP reports Spring fever. (Probably 1ASR handled a bunch and is_ keep- hedule with N. Y. C. IBFT 82, 1ASR 62, 1IP 47, 1ATJ 44, 1AVJ 1AFD 2. N MASSACHUSETTS—SC\M, E. L. Battey, mer seems to have hit us extremely hard. are very low this month. 1MX, non- station to make the BPL while reported. 1KY sent a fine letter to the Id help put us on our feet next of you who are going away for the notify the SCM so he may put you list. 1IBMS has gone to Europe on Nantucket and won't be back until Fall. pounds at WCC and sends in good re- \AW has dropped his schedules for the sum- loing nice DX. 1BVL was on 10 the tests and worked a few “‘l’s”. 1ASI transmitter for use with Byrd Ex- 1ADM sticks to 20. Traffic and 1LM just t A recent birthday made 1AHV a man now 21. FB, OM. 1WV and 1KH r DX. 1APK is experimenting with tele- LP getting out fairly well on 20. IBKV th have new cars. INK took a two an Eagle Boat in the U.S.N.R. 1BDV at York Beach during the summer r 20 meter bug who likes DX as well IRL has a new Whippet which he calls Starting Tues. July 8rd, the SCM will f weekly broadcasts to ORS of Eastern anything you have, which might ORS and make this your broadcast. approximately 80 meters at 7 pm se broadcasts every week, if pos- r of especial interest might be con- IMX 201, IKY 37, 1WV 51, 1AHV 35, 1KH 5. IBVL 18, 1UE 13, 1ASI 12, 1ADM 1ABA 4, INQ 3, 1APK 1. MASSACHUSETTS—SCM, A. H. A Dr. John A. Tessmer 1UM, has y elected to be your next SCM and y last report, I wish to say that it rreat pleasure to have been your SCM v ears and I wish to thank the gang cooperation which they have given as well and even better for “Doc” one in this section more deserving He has been a good ham and a the radio amateur. He has our peration and best wishes for success. ble to keep my ORS and be on the th you fellows now and then. If I ‘e to any of you, do not hesitate to 1AJK says he has been operating for a week as usual. 1AKZ handled a from Denmark to Chicago. 1AMZ be on the air regularly soon. 1APL | his schedules for the summer and RM from his motorcycle is bad. 1AQF 17 Mansfield St.. and is going fine married man now but is on every 8:30 1BVR has worked a bunch The Springfield Radio Assn. made to 1MK and had a very fine recep- y are on 80 meters and are operat- Wed. & Fri. nights. They now have 21 . which 9 are operating. AJK 5. 1AKZ 5. 1AMZ 1, 1APL 18, 4. 1IBVR 6, 1BWY 20. of NORTHWESTERN DIVISION SCM, R. H. Wright, 7PP—7YK held exposition in which the student ama- : plendid display of ham equipment. ne to Alaska to operate a cannery sta- also run his own station there. 7FU 40 as regularly as usual but says c on 20 meters. TAEK has erected pole. Good weather and work keeps Although 7UN says that power loud enough to dance by, he manages reports from OH, OA. and NA. TAIX but will be on in Astoria instead of Cor- , vallis until permanently located. T7ABH has worked NQ, AE and EF on 40 meters. 7MV has worked EG, OZ and AJ with his 210 besides holding a three day schedule with KDSX, SS West Faralon. 7VQ and 7AEC are on consistently handling considerable traffic. T7AKK will act as temporary Route Man- ager for Oregon during 7AEC’s absence this sum- mer. TALK has worked NIDK, SS Mojave, over a thousand miles N.E. of Boston. Traffic: TYK 581, 7AEC 137, 7PP 120, 7UN 102, 7MV 84, 7VQ 61, 7TAEK 29, 7ABH 24, 7ALK 11, 7FU 8, 7GQ 4, TAIX 3. MONTANA—SCM, O. W. Viers, TAAT—Again T7HP takes traffic honors of the Section. THT is still right behind him, too. TAAW handled a few and kept schedules with 9DFY on 20. TFL says he is off the air for the summer vacation and will do some “X” work with 7ZU at the M.S.C. 7ZU built and tested a 40 and 80 meter transmitter. T7AAT lost a few antennas and was off most of the month. Traffic: THP 109, THT 40, 7TAAW 8, 7FL 4. WASHINGTON—SCM, Otto Johnson, 7FD—A no- ticeable slump has taken place with the advent of summer weather. A great portion of the traffic han- dled was with Alaskan stations. na7ABE and na- 7HL send their reports through via 7TX. TABE’s 91 messages represent 4164 words which mean some real messages. 7LZ, 7TX and a few others handle most of the northern traffic. 7FD is the proud father of a nine and a half pound son. 7AG is working OA with antenna in the basement of his house. TTX, 7LZ, 7KO, TAEV, T7ACB and a few others help keep Seattle on the air. 7BM from Aberdeen re ports little traffic being handled in the Grays Har- bor district. TAKU keeps Bellingham on the map 7VL reports much activity in Spokane, with many new hams coming on. FB. T7IZ and 7QG are on at Walla Walla. 7ACA was off temporarily. The Seattle gang are busy preparing for the Conven- tion to be held Aug. 31 to Sept. 1. A large program is being worked out. Stations in Southwestern and Eastern Washington are requested to keep their re- spective RMs posted as to any schedules or other activities. Traffic reports should be sent to the SCM direct on the 26th of the month. Traffic: 7KO 135, na7HL 117, na7ABE 91. 7LZ 42. 7QG 33, 7TX 30, TAEV 29, TAFQ 17, 7ACB 17, 71V 15, 7BM 14, 7IZ 11, 7TZ 11, 7TJ 9, 7FD 7, TAKU 3, TVL 3. PACIFIC DIVISION SAN DIEGO—SCM, G. A. Sears, 6BQ—6AJM leads in traffic again this month. QRN in OP has interfered with message handling and oplAD has moved his station and has been off the air for over a week. 6BWI leads in deliveries this month and is handling messages from men in the fleet to folks at home. 6BAM finds QRN bad on 80 and is using 40 again. 6BAG a new ORS, piled up a nice total again. 6BYZ has resigned as RM. Business leaves but little time for radio. 6QY is now on 20 and reports it FB for DX. T7FP was off the air with the flu for a couple of weeks but he is OK again now. 6DGY is again on the air. 6BZD, a new ORS reports schedules with sj-5BX and 4ABC and has worked all continents. 6BGL reports trouble to an AC operated BCL set next door. 6AKQ has been ill since May 4th. Go and see him, gang. 6ANC is back again with a UX210 and 1000 volts. 60X is QRW making pictures most of the time. 6BAS has been on vacation and now has the experimental call. 6XJ. Traffic: 6AJM 362, 6BAM 110, 6BAG 79, 6BYZ 44. 6QY 28, 6FP 33, 6BZD 22, 6BGL 20, 6DGY 26, 6BQ 16, 6ANC 12, 60X 6, 6BAS 6, 6BFE 1, 6AKQ 16, 6BWI 113. HAWAII—SCM, F. L. Fullaway, 6CFQ—6ADH takes the traffic high score this month, making the BPL. He has been appointed RM so get behind him and push. 6CFQ is second the traffic list, also making the BPL. A lot of traffic was handled for the fleet personnel via 6BWI in San Diego. 6DJU went out on maneuvers with his portable, 6EDJ, and worked his home station handling Army traffic. Mil- ler of GAVL is leaving for the States. 6AVL will be operated by his second operator who has taken over the set. 6DEY, a new ORS, worked all but the third dist. on 20 in four nights. 6CLJ installed a transmitter at his high school under the call of 6EAT. 6BOE has put up a Zepp and remodeled his transmitter. 6ALM is trying to get ten to work but can’t get his receiver to go. The local power Q S T FOR JULY 1928 os ge o " o eo fee @fe esate mae ewonaona of as a@ os o> = _ aero 4 oe oo So ee oem ate oa oe ek ee ae @

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worked worked } three. . TVQ derable > Man- S sum- over a N 102, LK 11, -Again is stil! -A no- ent of ic han- nd na- ‘ABE’s 1 some le most her of ng OA 7TX ; help en re ; Har- } map many ire on The onven- ogram n and ‘ir re other o the 7LZ SB 17 TAKU deled ower 1928 QS T FOR JULY 1928 company gave 6DB some high voltage and his Rec- tobulbs went west but he is back on now with some new ones. 6BDL is going on a furlough so will be inactive for three months. 6DLR is going down to 20. Traffic: 6ADH 256, 6CFQ 234, 6DJU 112, 6AVL 79, 6DEY 64, 6DB 59, 6CLJ 32, 6BOE 29, 6ALM 23, 6EDJ 11, 6BDL 9, 6DLR 3. LOS ANGELES—SCM, D. C. Wallace, 6AM— 6DKD and 6ZBJ make the BPL this month. 6DKD, portable, was the station at the Huntington Park Union High School Exhibit. 6ZBJ is just installing a new crystal. He reports that 6CMY got married this month so he won’t hear from his for a time. 6JU was a welcome visitor at 6ZBJ’s shack this month. 6BPO took a bunch of messages from KNT, Zane Grey’s yacht, and delivered them all OK. 6DHR has just changed to 20 as it seems to be a better band here. 6COT worked France on 20 using low power, and only needs Africa for a WAC certificate. 6BSN reports that 6AAH, 6COR, 6DFM, 6CCT, 6BHM spent the week end in Fresno and 6CMY of Santa Barbara passed through on his honeymoon. 6DOW gets a speedy delivery on a message sent to Oakland. 6ABK has QSY’d down to 20 to try for a QSO with Europe. 6APW has been rebuilding trying to get a receiver that will hear more foreigners. 6BFP says he is now signing 6AX. 6EEB blew his 210’s and is now using 201A’s. 6AGR finds that he can use a % wave Zepp for each of the bands to bet- ter advantage. 6CUT handled a death message from ne-5AC. 6DKX is still having trouble with the transmitter. 6AWQ has installed a new filter trans- former and has a new tube ready to keep his part of the Section on the air this summer. 6DGT was QSO oa-2SH on a 201A tube on 40. 6CMQ hopes to be on more now that Cal. Tech. closes PDQ. 6AEC is one of our new contributors. 6CHA has five schedules arranged but the other ops didn’t come through. 6AM’s portable, 6MA-6ZZA, is carried on business trips for QSO’s with Mrs. 6AM. 6DMG was off the air for about two weeks but still sends in a good report. 6ANN worked 2JN on 10. 6CHT worked some DX this month. 6BVM QSY'’d down to 20 for a while but the set seems to be rather radi- cal. 6CZO has been studying for a commercial ticket 6CZU is busy with opera at school. 6BVT is still trying to get some good schedules. 6AHS is on 20 now and says it is FB. 6DCH worked VOQ and handled one message for him. 6ASM is very busy with A.R.R.C. and checking off-wave stations. 6AKD was QSO with Australia 32 times, OZ 5 times, and AJAC a number of times. 6CUH was QSO AC, OA, OO, OH, NC, and SC in one week. 6QL re- ports that aj-4BK sent him a Japanese Radio maga- zine but can get nothing out of it. 6DEG moved his entire 40 meter transmitter to garage, remote control with relays, and his entire 80 meter trans- mitter to attic. 6EAF started up April 18th and has 10 cards to date. 6AKW says it is summer season and haying is taking much of his time. 6CBD is building a real 1929 transmitter and receiver. 6BZR finally finished rebuilding and is started on some real work now. 6CLK, 6PY, 6BHR, 6BRO, 6BUX, 6AIO and 6CHT report as usual. 6DHS and 6AM were QSO 9EF on 10 meters. A _ radio club was formed in Long Beach: 6CAE, president; 6CIK, vice president; 6CHQ, secretary; 6DOZ, treasurer 6AEF got a big write-up in his home town paper. 6BJX is working toward having a traffic competi- tion between the San Francisco and Los Angeles Sections. The following percentages are suggested: Promptness, QSR or delivery, 20%. Neatness of station, 10% Traffic total, 50%. Traffic originated, 10%. Operating ability, 10%. The contest will probably begin and run until the 1929 convention. 6DPY says the radio club is coming along fine, 13 members now. 6DHU will send the OBS on 20 meters after June 20 at 6 pm. 6ALG keeps a schedule with opl1PW to whom many foreign mes- sages are directed. 6ALR has been very busy but hopes to do some real work soon. Traffic: 6DKD 446, 6ZBJ 225, 6BPO 192, 6DHR 91, 6COT 53, 6BSN 46, 6DOW 44, 6GABK 40, 6APW 338, 6BFP 33, 6EEB 29, 6AGR 28, 6CUT 27, 6DKX 26, 6AWQ 24, 6DGT 23, 6CMQ 23, 6AEC 22, 6CHA 22, 6AM 21, 6DMG 21, 6ANN 18, 6CHT 17, 6BVM 16, 6CZO 14, 6CZU 12, 6BVT 11, 6AHS 11, 6DCH 11, 6ASM 9, 6AKD 9, 6CUH 8, 6QL 8, 6DEG 8, 6EAF 6, 6AKW 5, 6CBD 3, 6BZR 3, 6CLK 3, 6PY 2, 6BHR 1, 6DPY 8, 6DHU 7, 6ALG 113, 6ALR 11. ARIZONA—SCM., D. B. Lamb, 6ANO—6BJF leads the state in traffic this month. 6CDU has a 900 cycle generator, 200 watt. 6BJF lost out in the BPL due to no schedules east. 6CRA is moving to San Francisco. 6AZM installed a mercury are but shot a plate transformer. 6BWS graduated from high school so will be on the air more now. 6CPX is going to sea as a commercial operator. 6ANO and 6CDU are planning on joining the U.S.N.R. 6ANO is back with a rebuilt 6EX 50 sync rectifier. 6EAA is on with a 7% watter on 40 meters. 6BYG s on the air with 201A’s. 6DRH, 6SW, 6CAP and 6DCQ were cancelled for failure to report and for non-membership in the League. Traffic: 6BWS 72, 6CPX 33, 6ANO 61, 6AZM 3, 6CRA 6, 6BJF 153, 6CDU 28. SANTA CLARA VALLEY—SCM, F. J. Quement, 6NX—6AMN will stand out first this month in de- livered total unless some unforseen station comes and does the unusual. He will soon be off the air for the summer. 6BHY, President S.C.C.A.R.A., maintained his 9COS schedule this month. 6BMW, the RM and OO, reported off wave stations de- creasing this month. 6BAX works everything with 2 201A on 20 meters. 6DRI just put up a new stick. 6BYH is getting ready to graduate, conse- quently QRW radio this month. 6NX was on a vacation this month but hopes to continue his 1MK schedule. 6ALW worked Europe several times on 20 meters this month. 6AOD is very QRW. 6BNH is rebuilding his set. 6CSX moved and will soon be going at the new QRA. There are openings for several ORS in the section, all interested stations should get in touch with the SCM. Traffic: 6AMM 460, 6BMW 36, 6BAX 11, 6DRI 7, 6BYH 6, 6NX 6, 6ALW 2. EAST BAY SECTION—SCM, J. Walter Frates, 6CZR—Traffic fell off slightly this month on account of one of those unexplainable slumps which occur occasionally. 6CGM, however, came through in his isual style in spite of a bad power leak. Chief RM 6IP also ran up his usual quota in spite of his work on League, convention and marathon swim activities. 6DTM and 6RJ ran up their totals a trifle. 6BOY, back from one of his voyages to Australia, did good work and kept schedules with OA and NN every night. 6ALX and his bug continues a steady stream of traffic. 6DKO will be one of the new ORS short- ly OM 6HJ, formerly of San Francisco, now of Vallejo, sends in first report and says relaying by ham radio is the bunk. 6DWI, having FB time with the split Colpitts, is working most everything on well known Pacific Ocean. 6AWM hooks ac-8AG and is going into OO work on 80 meters. 6BNG omes through with a flock of traffic and plans to get more. 6AMI has been working schedules with OA, OH, WUB and NIJN. 6BZU reports still work- ing on key click filter. 6BOY says he has the dope on a stunt to eliminate BCL trouble and to steady wave 6EDK has moved his transmitter to top of apartment house building and is getting out in fine style. W. W. Salisbury and L. Marshall, origina- tors of Salisbury-Marshall 10 meter transmitter, are planning lots of traffic work and experimental stuff at 6BB. 6CZR has been working OA, AJ and na- WUJ and with 6IP is turning out new Salisbury- Marshall 10 meter transmitter for reflector work with low power. 6DDQ has been QRW with school but will have more time during the summer months. 6EY has a schedule with 1MK and reports 80 meters dead lately 6IM is back on the job but says too QRW to be on the air much 6CLZ still holds a schedule with na-7AER and is going into OO work on 20 meters 6CDA still works along in spite of other activity. 6BUX reports working Europe but going to Pomona for summer. He says 6EDO is a new man in Pope Valley. 6IT broke up his con- tinuous work as 00 and handled a message, first one in years. Hi. He is QRW with QRM com- plaints and doing FB work. 6CMG is still busy with studies but expects to be on the air soon for the entire summer. Traffic: 6CGM 287, 6IP 105, 6DTM 99, 6RJ 78, 6BOY 62. GALX 62, 6DKO 39, 6HJ, 30, 6DWI 28, 6AWM 24, 6BNG 23, 6AMI 23, 6BZU 23, 6EDK 16, 6CZR 12, 6AWF 10, 6DDQ 8, 6EY 8, 61M 7, 6CLZ 3, 6CDA 3, 6BUX 2, 6IT 2. PHILIPPINES—Acting SCM, J. E. Jiminez, op1AT op1DR still strictly keeps the schedule with opl1AH and op1HR. Static is prevalent all over the Philip- pines now. opl1DR would like traffic going to the U.S. steamers plying the Oriental Seas. 1HR, 1DR, IDL and 1GZ report as usual with good totals. Traffic: 1HR 572, 1DL 124, 1GZ 8, 1DR 274. 57

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LQ He is BBM and (ABE, ROCKY . RANCISCO—SCM, J. W. Patterson, A Ww A ad a MENTO he receiver.

6VR serted 40 meters for 10 and 20 using and an ultra-audion for the transmitter, he also has worked all continents. 6ARD lenty of traffic. 6PN continues to hold with the east coast on 20 meters. 6CXI n moving his QRA to Samoa and way is handling plenty of traffic and DX. bad power leak that knocks things Not many reports this month. Let's next time, gang. 6ARD 753, 6AWA 110, 6CXI 11, 6DBM VALLEY—SCM, C. F. Mason, rked nine countries in May and has with na7TO on the way. 6DON says 80 beginning to wake up again but he is meters. 6ATQ says .10t much do- of hot weather. He is rebui'ding kis 6CBS is working on a Navy set for He (6cbs) will be on the air with ed plate and tuned grid soon . 6DON 17, 6ATQ 4. ROANOKE DIVISION sCIS 67, AROLINA— SCM, R. S. Morris, 4JR nting with antennas. 4AB is going of QRN. 40C worked “LJ” of WSBS ath foreign traffic. 4SJ had a booth lerson Auto Show and got considerable /H has been very QRW high school grad- CQ has a short wave super het that really TR has been idle a great deal due to heavy ! 4AEW and 4EL paid 4JR a_ visit. ne 20 {AB 192, 40C 87, 4TS 4, 4JR 2. IA—SCM, J. F. Wohlford, 3CA—3KU went mmercial license and got it. Now ex) ects s. STN and 8II failed to pass the exams tial lic.nses. 8AG claims poor DX on QRN, QPM and QRW frum listening to C has QUM from school. %ALS has been ORS certificate. 3BGS has QRM from his SRL is installing mercury arc. 3CFY South America but returns in August. the first grade ham exams at Charlottes- sed. S3BFE, 3P0, 3BHL, and 4ABE took and passed. 3NM’s YL and second opera- ed the exams. 3IE is headed for New one of the operators at 3NM, has re- North Carolina. 3PO will open up at SASE has gone to New Jersey. 3NM has ashington and his second operator to New eo the station will be dead during the nths except what time the YL can put in SAAJ is coming back on the air and he is working some few stations. 3BZ jule with 8CMP and 8ZZ. 3BDZ works now and then. 3CKL has been in the that the station has been doing very little. &8KU 19, 3AG 18, 8EC 12, 3ALS 10, 838ANV SAAJ 3.

MOUNTAIN DIVISION SCM, C. R. Stedman, 9CAA—Nissen ffic bunch although he doesn’t make the will be off indefinitely due to change in ENM was in the hospital half the month good work since. 9CAA works Morse and Continental nights. 9CSR has a th Honolulu on 20 meters. 9CCM is re- 9BQO is working again.

Director Segal has a new baby girl. Congratula- tions. TAIL got married. 9ND says fishing is good. 9DQD is off the air on account of blown tubes. Davis closed a deal by radio. The Rocky Mt. Division Convention will be held August 24-25 at Pueblo. An excellent program is assured. Coday is visiting in Chicago. 9FPZ is due at Canon City. 9CTP blew his transformers. This report came by Western Union as the main report miscarried. Dick Chase is using 50 watts at 9DSB SOUTHEASTERN DIVISION ALABAMA—SCM, A. D. Trum, 5AJP—Summer weather, static, examinations, spring fever, etc. seem to have kept quite a number of the gang from re- porting. 5JY recently moved back to his old -home in Birmingham and is leading the state for traffic, and DX this month. 5AWL was off a little this month on account of BCL repair work. 5AYL is stirring up the northern part of the state with good ham work. 5ADA rebuilt his transmitter and has it on 20 meters with panel type. 5ATS added South America to his list of DX. 5BBA, our new ham, is only 14 years old and built his first radio set two years ago. 6AJP is rebuilding and hopes to be on the air with a good set soon. 5AX is temporarily off the air. Traffic: 5JY 154, 5AWL 11, 5ATS 12, 5ADA 18, 5AYL 14. FLORIDA—SCM, C. E. 5BBA 10, Ffoulkes, 4LK—The SCM number of reports this is very glad to see the large month. Quite a number of the gang will be leaving for their summer vacations this month. 4CK is ahead this month with quite a bunch of traffic from the Shrine convention. 4AEF is putting Lakeland on the map. Traffic has been very good for 4ADB The two ops at 4ACV keep the poor 852 pretty hot. QRM from the YL and work keep 4AAO stepping but he has some traffic. 4ACC is a new ORS with us. 4IE advises the SCM to watch the YLS in the summer, they’re deadly. 20 meters is FB for 4BN. 4TK passed his commercial exam. last month. 80 meters will see 4A7B again soon. Is there an Aus- sie that 4O0B hasn’t worked yet? 4MS moved to a new QRA this month. 4NE is back in S. Fla. and will be on the air soon. 4LK is off the air re building. Traffic: 4CK 259, 4AEF 89, 4ADB 63, 4ACV 58, 4AAO 28. 4ACC 18, 4IE 13, 400 7, 4BN 7, 4TK 4, 4ABJ 3, 40B 2. GA-SC-CUBA—SCM, H. L. Reid, 4KU—Georgia: 4PJ has done some nice work and is in line for an ORS. 4RN will be on about 24 hours a day as soon as school is out. 4GY had a nice report and handled some traffic. 4ABS had fair luck with a portable and made numberous contacts in 6th and 4PD is now an ORS and is going to We must have a report from Rico and Cuba hams if you 9th district. do some nice work. South Carolina, Porto are to keep yours ORS Traffic: 4RN 5, 4GY ‘14, 4PJ 10, 4ABS 6, 4PD 16. WEST GULF DIVISION ORTHERN TEXAS—SCM, J. H. Robinson, 5AKN N —School is out and reports are picking up wonderfully. Several applications for ORS have been received and a lot have been cancelled. 5BBF handled a good bunch of traffic also did some good DX. 650E is keeping schedules with 9BOA on 40 meters. 5AXQ and 5AQB blew their tubes trying to QSR his ORS. 5ACL is rebuilding his receiver. 5HY reports all well and still getting R8 reports. 5AKN—5BG has had heavy QRM from a can of paint and a brush but the old shack looks better. 5JA says he has been listening on ten meters for two weeks. Traffic: 5BBF 26, 50E 26, 5AXQ 165, —— 15, 5NW 9, 5ACL 8, 56HY 7, 5AKN-5BG 2, 5JA OKLAHOMA-—SCM, K. M. Ehret, * BAPG-School exams and hot weather have been getting in their work. However, a number of new stations are report- ing and traffic outlook is fairly good for the summer. 5AEF, 5AYO and 5BAZ have been doing some local work on 10 meters. 5AYO works OA stations reg- ularly on 40 meters. 65BAG has been too busy in the garden to do much on the old set. 5VH will stay on the air this summer mainly during daytime and early morning. 65BZA is using 400 volts on one 201A and one 112 hooked in parallel. SAIR gradu- ated from High School and says not much doing for radio. He received a letter from 8VR (ex 5FJ) who Q 8 T FOR JULY 1928

oa os «eso ttitnina dathmhhehhStmea oai@anmaeaneeanwt ees a fe ete SB ar one oe CUrP”lCUumm,

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ing is blown , 24-25 Coday ) City. me by Dick immer im re- home traffic, e this YL is | good d has South io set es to \X is S 12, SCM s this aving 1K is from eland ADB r hot. pping with n the 4BN. Aus- to a . and r re y 58, K 4, rgia: > for \y as and th a and g to from you ) 16. AKN } up have BBF » 40 g to iver. orts. aint says hool heir ort- mer. ocal reg- y in will -ime one adu- for who is on his way to South America on an expedition. 5AMO has been cramming for exams and ruined his traffic records. He has a portable call, 5BCW which he will use while doing summer work for the Geophysical Research Co. 5AAV has packed his set ready to take it to Denver with nim for the summer. 5AFX is doing very consistent DX work. 5QL has the crystal set going in fine shape now and working good DX. 5SW expects to put his crystal in his transmitter some time soon. 5APG still tries to work Naval Reserve schedules on 80. Traffic: 5APG 9, 5AIR 7, 5AMO 69, 5BAZ 3, 5VH 14, 5BAG 7, 6AYO 29, 5AAV 10, 5BAE 3, 5AEF 2. CANADA ONTARIO DIVISION CM, W. Y. Sloan, 9BJ—Southern Dist; 3CS leads the Section in DX on 20 meters and is also active on 10 meters. 3CB is active on 40 and 80 meters. 31A is QRW with business. 3AQ is the traffic sta- tion working regular schedules on 52.5, 20 and 80 meters and he sure has a fine total. 3DG is having his troubles with a power leak. 3AP has reached out and worked across the pond. Eastern Dist: 3XL has forsaken short-waves temporarily for work on the Lakes where he is now Op. on VBI. 3JW has pur- chased 2 fifties from 3XL. 8MD is on the air but has been quiet lately. 9CC is still on the air for prayer meetings on 52. 3XO has been assigned to Rev. Father Verrault of “Le Droit,” Ottawa’s French newspaper and he is expected on the air soon. 3XQ is overhauling his station. The gang wish to be remembered to 8JL who is attending college in USA. Central Dist: 3AZ has been as active as usual on 52 meters but is leaving for the North Woods and will not be on again until Fall. 3AY is going strong on 40 and 562.5. 3CJ is stepping out on 20 meters having had many European contacts. He has been appointed RM and needs your support, gang. 3DY is on 10 meters at every opportunity and reports hearing real DX. 38EQ has been very QRW with school but has managed to get on the air at times most work being on 80 meters. 8AI has been reaching out and has handled a fine bunch of traffic. 3BT is still playing with phone on 85 meters and reports fine DX. 9AL confines himself mainly to operation on 52.56 and 82 meters. He has just been presented with a new junior op. 9BJ has been ill and is going to the Island for the summer. 38FC has confined his activities to midnight work on 20 meters for work with Australia and New Zealand. Northern Dist: 8ET is having a good time blowing fivers, having blown five of them lately. 3IN and 3HE are return- ing from the North Woods. 3HP has been active wherever possible. Note:—Canadian stations will hereafter all be signing VE before their various calls. The VE is part of the call and not an intermediate. It is for identification, however, and is assigned by the Gov’t. Traffic: 8AQ 57, 9AL 38, 8ATI 29, 8CJ 14, 8CS 13. 8BT 11, 83AZ 10, 3DY 8, 3AY 4, 3CB 4, 3FC 4, 83EQ 3, 3ET 3. QUEBEC DIVISION SCM, Alex Reid, 2BE—Before this report is pub- lished, we expect our annual picnic to be over and we will be looking forward to next year’s outing. It is very nice to report that there will be three new stations on the air this month. Active stations were never so numerous as at present. 3BR has schedules south, east, and west and also has a weekly schedule with IMK. 2BB keeps daily schedules and is always open for traffic. 2AL has the flying fever and is doing his Lindbergh stuff at St. Huberts. 2AX left last week for England and France and expects to meet a number of his air friends. 2CA has his 852 perking on 20 and getting out well. 2BG is also on 20 and is surprised how easy it is to work foreigners. 2BE worked 67 foreign stations on 20 meters between April Ist and May 20th. 2CD has a wonderful wallop on 20 and should do real work with it. 2BJ will be off the air until college opens again in the fall. 2BV is leaving for the U.S.A. and will be there for at least a couple of months. 2CM is engineer in charge of the new St. Huberts Flying Field and hasn't much time to attend to pounding brass. 2HV is doing phone work for his company on 90 meters Traffic: 2BR 42, 2BE 15, 2BB 22, 2BW 29, 2AC 18, 2AL 9. VANALTA DIVISION BRITISH COLUMBIA—SCyM, E. S. Brooks, 5BJ The B.C.A.R.A.’s (9AJ) clubhouse is on the way and QS T FOR JULY 1928 the gang hope to have it completed for the Convention in July. 5CT is rebuilding again. 65BR continues to keep schedules on 80 meters and handled some traffic between KAKE and 7KO. 65AZ continues to reach out. 5CP is in line for a WAC. 5AD is work- ing hard to get one also. 5AL is only on weekends but hands in a fair total. 5CO says 65AJ has re turned from New Zealand and is going to operate on a boat. 65CJ-5CO are rebuilding separate 20-meter transmitters for quick QSY. The junior op at 5CJ inherits his dad’s tendency for a bottle. 5GO is still messing around with a couple of 204’s. nu-6CLS paid the SCM a visit and talked over activities here and in the south. Don’t forget the convention, gang, on the 28th and 29th of July. , Traffic: 5BR 48, 5AD 30, 56AL 30, 5CO 27, 5CJ 26, 5CF 18, 5CT 9. ALBERTA—SCM, E, J. Taylor, nce4HA—Fine weather is having some effect on our message total. 4FF leads this month and says his town is installing a.c. 4AH still does nice work but is too busy to uphold past totals. 4CU has shifted his broadcast to 20-meter band. 4HM is visiting in England. 4EP is going strong on forty with a fifty. 4BC is leav- ing for Ottawa this month. 4CL worked a couple of EG’s but is out of town for a while. 4GT is out of town most of the time but gets in for weekend QSO’s. 4HA gets a report from EG that his signals were heard there. 4AE is on 20 and works Belgium and gets R5 from England. 4GD is also on 20. 4AF is still pounding on 40 but reports no DX or traffic. 410 is on all bands regularly. 4CC comes on for an hour daily but is hampered with YLitis. 4X0-GF bought a car and can’t afford radio now. Traffic: 4AH 6, 4FF 17, 4HA 2, 4GT 3. PRAIRIE DIVISION SASKATCHWAN—SCM, W. J. Pickering. ve4FC. The gang are beginning to be affected by the sum- mer weather and work but summer is short, gang, so brighten up. 4AQ has been busy lately but sent in a good report. 4IH will not be on much until] this fall and complains of poor weather for radio lately. 4GB has a new MOPA which he says has a kick like a mule and is going after DX. 4BM has moved to Sintaluta and has changed to a Colpitts circuit and getting good reports. 4BL has skeds with 4GR and 4AC at noon daily. 4GR has a new 50 watter. 4CB is trying 10 meters but reports no success so far. 4HS beat the rest of our traffic reports this time but says things are slowing down. Traffic: 4HS 23, 4CB 18, 4FC 13, 4BL 10, 4GB 6, 4BM 5, 41H 5, 4AQ 38. MANJTOBA—SCM, D. B. Sinclair, 4FV—DX con- ditions were much improved this month. Several nice DX feats were accomplished. 4FV lays claim to being the first nc4 to QSO Russia. 4CT worked ef- 8ORM with a 50 that he bought for $2.00. 4GG's schedules with 8ARC brought him in a little traffic this month which is more than the rest of us can say. 4DU has been idle but has a new 20-meter set rigged up to use when he feels energetic. 4DJ-ex4JL, has a 210 perking FB and gets many R7 reports from NU. 4DL, ex4RM, also gets out FB on a 210. 4DB, ex4SD, used a fifty for a while but has graduated to a 5 watter. Hi. 4GQ dragged down the R8 reports on 20 but is rebuilding and has designs on an 852. The Ultraudion circuit worked FB for 4EK. 4DW at the Pas has a daily schedule with 4FV though he is not on the air very much at other times. We have yet to hear from 4FS and 4AR, 4DK, ex4ST, uses a 202 and gets out FB on 40 and 20 meters. 4DI, ex4SS, is another 71% watt station putting out a good signal on the 40-meter band. Another new station has ap- peared using a temporary call, 4NR. Listen, fellows, not a single report was received this month that I did not have to phone for. How about a little co- operation next month? Traffic: 4GG 15, 4DL 9, 4FV 5, 4CT 2. ADDITIONAL AND LATE REPORTS 6BAJ was sick last month so traffic was low. 6DPO's receiver went haywire before he had a chance to make the BPL. TIY-7QA has been on 20 for the last week or so and finds it FB. T7AKK uses 20 and 40 for traffic work. He received a QSL ecard from eg-2BHQ the other day. 7ACS is going to Mt. Tacoma this summer with a portable set, signing 7AEE. 5TV says traffic on 40 meters is not so heavy as it was last month. Traffic: 6BAJ 28, 6DPO 47, 7IY-7QA 9, 7TAKK 278, 7ACS 4, 5TV 11. 69

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xenOCP hat the input is only 18 watts the

ed to the editor of this depart- it might be interesting to in- from time to time short his- the various foreign amateur h information on the early organization, later progress, ;, etcetera. If this suggestion approval we would be glad to y so,and steps will then be taken istories. is taken here to _ solicit rts from foreign amateur or- We receive regular notes from countries, but there are many > distances are too far for quick mail, it is suggested that the nt on a regular schedule with ition. We will make a note of received by radio. Material Hartford about the 25th of - it ean be written in any When it is possible to include graphs of notable stations, by lo so, being sure to accompany tation data. BELGIUM ns have been very good for weeks and many fine contacts by our hams. int you to take notice that those n stations eb4WW, 4ZZ and 4AX 1 together under the official call that they are pouring in very als almost everywhere. <« has been done lately on 20 ugh eb4UU and 4AU worked n, Indochina. t eall attention, too, to the work establishing contact between 1 Madagascar, in addition to 2FF at Tientsin, China, and s on the East African coast. 1CM worked asZAI at Vladivos- 1 his phone heard in Varsovia, benefit of amateurs generally, mentioned that a Dutch ship circling Africa; her call let- (Zero CP) and despite signals are reported at good distances. This is a fine opportunity to work some unusual countries, as xenOCP is calling at almost every East African port. “Speaking of low-power work, eb4RO with 440 volts from the d.c. mains is work-

THIS IS THE LAY-OUT OF oa5JA, OWNED AND OPERATED BY P. J. BREWER, 21 DOUGLAS ST., PARKSIDE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, WHO STARTED TRANSMISSION UNDER THIS CALL FIVE HOURS AFTER GETTING A LICENSE IN 1926 Since the first transmitter, which incorporated a 201-A, the set has progressed until at the present time the “works” consist of a UX-210 supplied with 550 volts made to closely resemble d.c. with the help of a pair of “S” tubes and a good filter system. The best antenna system tried out is a nearly-vertical wire to the top of a 50-foot pole, the antenna being worked on the 3d harmonic against ground. The re- ceiver is a low-loss Reinartz. Oa5JA has QS0O'd Australia, New Zealand, Java, Borneo, the Philip- pines, China, Singapore, Japan, Hawaii, the U.S.A., Seuth Africa, Canada, France, England and Ireland. ing every continent, as well as all districts in OA, 0Z and the U.S.A. “We want to say to our NU brothers that those ships AWL, AWV and ARCY, run- ning between Europe and the Far East and Australia would be glad to work U.S.A. stations. They are on 31 meters, with strong 600-cycle notes. —‘Paul de Neck, President of the Reseau Belge” ENGLAND “British DX activities these days seem to be concentrated entirely on the 23-meter band. On this wave, 5YK has_ worked (Continued on Page 70) JULY, 1928

-_ +e =m 6b on ob oo a oe oS Ot OF a GS Ge OS OS OS OS

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This usual Imost — AND } ST., RTED URS ted a ‘esent with help The rtical being e re- SO'd hilip- S.A., land. ricts that run- “ast york ers, eau eem eter ked JULY, 1928 eg-2BGT, R. A. Rowden, 12 Dexter, England Pennsylvania Road, (Heard during April on 20 Meters) labn labt lack laep lage lahi lahy lait laip lajd lakd lalb lamu lagt larc laun lawe lazr lbaa Ilbat lbeg 1bfz lbii lbqd lcfo Ilchr lcje lcjh lcjp lcra Ilda lif lii lij ljg lmr lod Ilpo lqh lql Ipe Iry lts lvw lzz 2ach 2afz 2abu 2age 2ags 2aib 2ail 2alw YZapi 2ary 2asa 2avg 2avz 2ays 2bad 2bav 2bbx 2bci 2bco 2bev 2bdr 2bfi 2bfq 2bkz 2bjm 2bse 2bum 2bvg 2cir 2ck 2cvj 2dp 2ff 2gp 2ha 2kx 2ow 2qu 2sy 2ub 2sb 2va 2vi 2vn 3adm Bahr Saih 3akm S8akw S3anv jlagm 3bjm 3bkl 3bmec 3caq 3eq Shf Shi 3jm 3ke 3qe Sra 3wm 4acz 4dadb 4aek 4bl 4bq 4cs 4dt 4ea 4km 4nl 4we 5Saai bacl 5afb 5aga 5ahx 5akp SbBaot aq 5at 5Sauw 5Sazu Sbarh Sbf 5bj bdv 5bgi 5kg 5oc 5aq Sta Suk 5wz Gagr 6Gajm 6am Gann Gard 6avp 6fazs 6bax G6bev 6bjf 6bjh 6col 6ewl 6cxj Gcyx 6czy 6édan 6dch 6dev Gdom 6ec 6ed G6ih 6jn 6jv 6kb 6uf 6vz Tacb Tacy Tafh Tafo Tago Tek 7fe Tmo 7Tmx Tvj acm Sadg Sadm Sadr Sagy S8alr Sane S8aip 8arc Sasb Saw Saxa Saxd Saxz Sayu Sbaf S8baz 8bcu &bib Shiq Sbpd Shoo 8btr S8bup S8byt &8cecq S8clp 8cenx Scro Sesp Recug Scwk S8czn S8czu S8din S8djv 8dne 8drp 8dsa &gk Sio 8kx 8mq 8o0q 8rd 8wo 8zm Qacl 9aep Yafa lang 9apl Sara 9as Yauu Yavy Y9bcb Ybeu Ybga Ybiw Show 9bay 9baq Ybrr Y9bvl BYbwo Ybvh Ybxi Y9bxw Meche 9cki 9cmv Yen Yenc Ycok Yerd Yewa Ydb YIdbj Mice Sdjk 9dka 9dij 9dke 9dku 9dsz 9dwn Y9dxl Yeco lejo Sekw 9eln 9erm QYert Yes Yesk Yeyu Ifbx YMfly 9fq 9¢v 9hm 9kv 91l 9pm Yuu 9wk 9xh ne-lac ne-lad ne-lar ne-lbt ne-lby ne-lco ne-ldq ne-2al ne-3ai ne-3ap ne-8aq ne-3be ne-3bt ne-3ej ne-3es ne-3dy ne-3gg ne-4cep ne-4ct ne-4ha ne-5aw ne-5bn ne-8ae np-4ja np-4sa oh-6alm oh-6avl sb-lah sb-lcl sb-lib sb-2az sb-2zz sec-3ac su-3ah ai-2kt am-3ab fo-a7n fo-a9a_ fo-lsr oa-2dy oa-2yj oa-3de oa-3gr oa-3cp oa-3lp oa-3vp oa-5dx oa-5hg oz-lfe oz-2ae oz-3aj oz-3aw oz-3az oz-d4ae oz-4am. (40 Meters) labd laip lajl lajx lajy laqi Ibkn lbyx lde l1gh lgw lic lye lvs 2acc 2afr 2ase 2ass 2ate 2auo 2axp 2bad 2baz 2beq 2bhs 2bja 2cuq S3aef Sais 3aiu 3aps Sard Sarj 3auh 3bel 3bg 3bsd S3cbht 3cix 3cjn 3dg Sef Sia 3qt 3rb 3ss 3ut 4aam daar 4aba 4abz 4acd dada 4dadf 4daeb 4daef 4daep 4eg 4fx 4gy 4hk 4io 4ky ims 4px 4tg 4to 4we 5aak 5Bacp 5aej b5aen 5ago bagaq Safi 5amg 5amo bapo Saqy d5ard Sarg 5as Batf Bbaue Sax 5axb 5ayb Bayh Sayl Sbag 5Sbam SBdi 5bep ber She 5ih 5jb 5je 5jz 5ke bkh 5mi 5mq 5ms boa boc 5qo 5Srr 5sh 5sj 5tb 5ud B5uv 5vx Bbyb byw 5za 6aak 6azr Gahs 6ajm Galz G6avj 6awa 6bam 6bjv 6bpo 6bsn 6bzd 6cgm G6chk 6chl 6cexo 6eww 6czz 6deq fdev 6dfe 6ddy 6dgy 6dje 6dor 6dqo 6ec 6ecf 6hm 6ijn 6ta 6wbh TVabh Tafq Tajs Talk Tef Tek Tfe 7gj Tmo Tip Sada Saff Sahm S8ajk Sakz Same 8awu 8axt Rbad &bbs &be Sbjix Sbrn 8ceq &ceeq Belq &elw 8ert Rdem &dii Sdin S8dke &Sdkk Sdkt Sdnf 8dod 8nj 8pl &sx Suj Saas Yacz Yafb Yagw Yahq Yaio Yaju Yapv 9arh Sarn Qasq Q9asx QYaue Yavp Yavz Yayx Ybad Iban Sbaz 9bea 9beu Ybez Ybim Ybjo YXbpl Ybqe Ybre Sbsh 9bxd 9car Ycas Yedt Yceb Ycfd YIcfh Yegj Iegt Selt S9emv Ycos Yeph Berd Yest Yesx Yevn Yewn YIexv Seye Sdbi 9deb Sddh Sdha 9dib Sdk 9dnd 9dng Ydoq Sdrs 9ds 9dsz 9dte 9dws Sdxz Yebe Yecs Yecz Yeey Sefe Sefk Geks 9ekv QYelx Yems Yepr Yeps Yeaqk Yeqp Sesm Getd 9eul Seve Sew Yeyk Yewp Yez 9fao fbr Sfdt Of 9fgp 9feq 9fkf 9fs 911 9mh Ynk Ynr Ysx Itm 9vb Oxi ne-lay nc-ldu ne-2am ne-2br ne-2ca ne-3aj ne-3bm ne-8in ne-3yg ne-5go ne-Sae nm-lg nm-8a 0a-2jw oa-3jk oa-3pj oa-7dx oh-6db oz-lan oz-4a0 8b-lem sb-2ax sb-2bg sb-5bf. eg-2BQH, G. G. E. Bennett, 26, Blenheim Park Road, Corydon, Surrey, England (Heard on 20 meters during March) laaw laba labn lacm lafb lafd lahi lahy lajt lajz lakm lalb lapp laqt lasf lasj lasy lawe laxa laxp laxq laxx lazd lbat lbay lbbe lbecr Ibfz Ibiv lbjk lbke lbsu lbvl lbw Ichr Icje lejz lcki lemd lemf lemp lcpj lek lez 1ff 1fl lgd lia lic lii lij ljg 1jl lka lmy Inf lod IlIpe lqb Ird Iry I1sz lve lvk lyvw lxm l1zz 2abe 2aby 2aes 2afx 2ahi 2ail 2aio 2ak! 2alw 2anp 2anv 2aol 2aon 2api 2ard 2ary 2avb 2avz 2aw 2ays 2baa 2bac 2bad 2bbp 2bce 2bci 2bge 2bha 2bhb 2bhr 2bkf 2bki 2box 2bxr 2bvg 2byw 2ch 2emu 2ctp 2cuq 2cvj 2cxl 2dp 2fs 2gp 2k] 2kp 2kx 2ni 2nm 2sy 2tp 2we 2xad 2xg 2xo 2xs 3adc 3adm S3adp S8ahr S8aih Saks Sanh Sapx Sarq 3Sbeg 3efg 3ckj 3eq Shf Sil 3jm 3ke 8qe 3qp 3qv 3ut 3vx fact 4acz 4dadb 4aek 4aep 4bl 4dm 4dv 4ea 4ft 4jm ijr 4nl 4rq 4wo 4xi 5oaq 5at 5atm Sauw bdv bgi 5sw bzav Gbgv 6xi 6xu Tek Tfe Tun 8abw 8adb Sadg S8adm Safq Sadgy S8ahk S8ajn Salr Sarb S8avb Savd Savx Saxa S8axl Saxz Sayu &bem 8ben &bhw Sbke &bup 8bxe S8bzz S8ccl 8cces Scew Scfn S8efr S8eft Sche Schp 8c8l 8cjt S8cla S8clp 8cmb 8enj 8ens 8enz Scepe Sepr Sesr Scug 8cxi Scyg 8dfw S8dhp Sdia Sdjv 8dnl Sdtp Sex 8ez 8gk &8gl Sgz 8hx 8io 8kq 8lj Spi 8rd 8zz Yacl Yafa Yas Yauu Y9bcb Ybgq Yblw Sbmx Scar 9civ Yene Ycty Ycuh 9dbj Ydic Ydng Ybsz 9dxu 9dzt 9dzz 9ef Segw 9ek 9es Yeva Yez Yhm 9ph 9xl wnp wsq af-ib af-hval af-2kt aq-llm as-rao3 fd-crhe fm-Sags fm-8rit fm-hwb fm-tun2 fo-a3a fo-a3z fo-adf ne-cf ne-lae ne-lar ne-lby ne-lco ne-ldj ne-2al ne-2be ne-3cs ne-3g¢ ne-3qs np-4sa np-wgt oa-2dy oa-2re oa-2sh oa-2uk oa-2yi oa-2yj oa-3bk oa-3cp oa-3gr oa-3jj oa-4rb oa-5dx oa-7lj oa-vis od-ana od-and od-ane od-anf od-anh od-ank od-pke od-pkv od-pkx oh-npm op-kzet oz-lao oz-lfe oz-2ab oz-2ac oz-3aj oz-3au sb-lib sb-squ sd-pjd sl-hjg sv-ayf. (40 Meters) lacb lafb laha lakz lasy laus lav! lbat lbw Icjz lcmf icra 1fn lgh lgw lvs lyc 2aef 2afa 2afo 2agl 2ags 2an 2aub 2ayj 2baz 2bch 2bdb 2bdh 2beo 2bif 2bim 2bke 2bkf 2bse 2bui 2bvg 2bww 2edm 2enf 2ep 2ers 2cexl 2dp 2fs 2hq 2ja 2jp 2le 2pj 2sz 2ty 2u0 2vy 2wq 2xbe 2xs 2za B8adp 3afw 3anh Sark Savk 3blp 3bnu 8ceb 8cei 3dq 8mk 3qw 3sz 3ut 3wj fdaep d4rn 4tg 4tu 4wk 4wm 5amo SBatf 5aut 5bj 5dl 5fu 5jb Ske 5nj 50a 5aqd 5yb 6bsn G6dev 6dhl 6djw 6dkx 6gkx 6xj Talk Tef 7fe Sacz S8adm 8aht 8aks Sakz Same Sauc 8axa Sayu 8bbs 8bix 8bpa 8bar 8bxe RSebh Scem &ckl 8cla S8epe 8cpr 8ctk Sctx 8czr 8dem Rdew &8dud 8dps 8hf 8li &8sp 8uj 8vd 8wo 9ahq 9bpl 9bqe 9bre 9cej Icey Yciv Icjh Yemq Yemv Yeph YIerd Seye 9dee 9dft 9dk 9dmn Ydng Yds Yeld Yenp Yeol Serh 9ewh 9ez 9ezz Ofs Oli 9ra af-hvai ai-vwz aq-llm au-rk169 fe-egez fq-pm ne-lak ne-lda ne-3kp ne-9am nm-lz nn-lnic nx-1x!l oa-8lo oa-30t oa-3vp oa-3xo oa-5bw oa-5ja oh-6dki oh-npm op-kzet op-npo oz-3aj sa-dw4 sa-lpl sb-lah sb-lbf sb-lid sb-2ah sb-2aj sb-2ay sb-6qa sb-ptm sb-ptt sb-squ xem-sfv. eg-2bm, H. L. Garfath, 166 Birchanger Rd., South Norwood, London, England (20 Meters) laba labt lacm ladm laef laff lage lahi lait lakm lakz laqt lasf lasr laxa lawe lbat lbbe lber ibfz lbhm Ibke lbms Ilbaqd 1bsu 1bux lbw Icje lemf lemx Icpb Icpj lcue lcx 1dq lga lii lij lig ika (Continued on Page 76)

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OST Correspondence The Publishers of QST assume no responsibility for statements made herein by correspondents. been informed that many of your JULY, 1928 W ! African contact the significance of the elcome WAC Certificate would be more nearly Radio Society of Great Britain, equal for all countries. 53 Victoria Street, London, S.W.1. —G. Neelemans, eb4FT, Traffic Manager IST: of the Reseau Belge. will be visiting our country dur- Those Band Jumpers ummer and I write to say that we y will not fail to look us up at the South Hibbing, Headquarters while they are here. : Minn. avor to give all Hams a warm re- Editor, QST: | nd we welcome them to our meet- For about thirty days, I have been off ng their stay in this country. the air waiting for some high voltage rec- visiting London should ‘phone tifiers and have spent the time listening rters (Victoria 4412) when they Rightly to amateurs all over this and it in touch with myself or some of foreign countries. Some curious practices 1 Committee, have been observed. Many stations have rs from the United States or oth- been heard, for instance, making adjust- es would be particularly welcomed ments and alterations, apparently without nual Convention on September 2, Wavemeter, and making their first CQ 9th when a large number of the with a borrowed or ‘phony’ call. If heard embers flock to town and join us. nd answered by another station they have time the British Annual Exhibition 0t ‘come back’ at him but have waited a Radio Association will be in progress few minutes before starting up again and " calling CQ with their rightful call. I have in-Swift, Hon. Secretary R.S.G.B. heard this procedure in almost every Dis- trict and it does seem strange that the amateur must adopt such a pitifully child- W AC too Easy ‘off-wave’ ish practice to protect himself from the of Official Observers. 15, rue du Luxembourg, Others who are not certain of their wave Brussels, Belgium. send ‘ABC de’ and their call without the district number hoping against hope that astonishing to us that so many someone will answer them. Surely these vho have worked all six continents Hams are not such dumb animals that they m asking for membership in the cannot find their transmitter wave on their The WAC Certificate is posi- Teceivers, or cannot rig a coil and con- nderful idea and is, to its pos- denser to be calibrated roughly from their real testimony of his ability. receivers and used to check the transmitter ‘eve, however, that the value of by the plate current ‘dip’ method. If one Certificate is not equal for every ‘tops to listen to these off-band babies sign- for we, in Europe, are ina much ing a borrowed call one cannot help won- ‘on to work every continent than dering what will happen to the amateur America or most other coun- game if this sort of thing keeps up r instance, to work Iraq (AQ) nd Algeria or Morocco (FM) for —Wm. J. Ryder, Jr., 9CIY-CSU hildsplay with about 50 watts |, with that power, it is not dif- Off Wave nnect with NU, SB or 0A Hams. Racine, difference it makes for a New Wisc. teur who has to work Asia! It Editor, QST: f the European amateurs had to After re-calibrating my receiver and 1 or 7th district to get their Nu frequency meter last night I listened to a bunch of outlaw stations, both above and ropeans had to work China or below the 40-meter band, bouncing along South or Central Africa for their length, Indo-China for their Asiatic con- merrily evidently ignorant of their wave- The strange part of it was that

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kn Ww Wi RI \ OP apt lcens its \ COMMERCIAL | RADIO FIELD where the MONEY | Is had hundreds tell us that they radio backwards and forwards. enrolled in our courses. And a few fter they started to learn radio the -HT way these same men told us that r realized how much they had been ight along. » have sufficient radio knowledge to radio circuits. That isn’t enough to commercial success. What you really rse that takes you from the first elements t through the most complex stages and the practical knowledge you need for com- RADIO INSTITUTE SPONSORED BY RCA, G-E AND WESTINGHOUSE astitute of America is the world’s oldest giving the finest and most comprehen- yn obtainable. Our graduates are mak- we'll send you copies of some of the write us about their successes. STUDY AT HOME sture of this course is that you can study when you please and as long as you please. give up your present employment. No ve tis de and forth to classes. Our new s how others—just like have wonsuccess in radio, too can make this pro- fascinating brain-work your life career. You owe it to yourself to read this book through. If you will clip and mail the coupon, we'll send the book to you. i! NSTITUTE OF AMERICA Dept. D-7 way, New York City e send me your booklet. Say You Saw It In QST standard frequency transmissions were in progress and it is quite certain that 9XL could have been heard by any one of the outlaws had they wanted to listen. I can see a sad end for these clumsy goats who are constantly jumping the fence, and unpleasantness for all of us if they are permitted to continue. I fail to see the possibility of even a feeble excuse for band- jumping on the part of any station when we have a splendid standard frequency service such as that of 9XL and when the checking of the station frequency within the station is such a simple matter. Let us find some means of running down these ‘vandals’ however drastic it may be. —A, V. Raught, 9DTN We'll Say So! 611 E. Gibson Ave., Connellsville, Pa. Editor, QST: You can’t keep a good Ham down (in fre- quency). We may be hampered by next year’s regulations but watch history re- peat itself. Everything below 13.1 is either the amateurs or is un-reserved. Once the big fellows thought that everything below 200 was useless—and they had another thought coming, It won’t be long now ’till they have another. Fellows, let’s make this one a real humdinger. —J, Craig Bouquet 236 W. 114th St., New York City. Editor, QST: I write to praise your League and es- pecially your member 2WI who is respon- sible for one of the happiest days of my life. After having been away from my folks for ten years with the mail as the only means of communication, 2WI and his sta- tion, with the codperation of Mr. M. A. Gonzalez of Costa Rica, has given me the chance of communicating directly with my father. There are no words to express my appreciation of this wonderful favor done for me by amateur radio. More power to you fellows! R. A. Canas Off Wave Cambridge, Mass. 20 Prescott St., Editor, QST: I am much interested in the problem of off-band operation for it seems to me that we must give the matter earnest and seri- ous consideration if we hope to make an effective stand against further inroads into our territory. Every time an off-wave amateur goes on the air he is weakening not only his own position but that of us all. It Identifies You and Helps QST

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Say You Saw Tt In QS T—It Identifies You and Helps QST

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om N » 4—3ed Competitive Unit Use Grid Leak Resistors That Are Noiseless! | Ni the noise in radio receivers is “static.” Some it may be caused by “noisy” grid leaks. TI ve oscillograms show the disturbances in a plifier circuit caused by grid leak resis- tor pare the almost noiseless performance of the Bradleyunit-B, shown in Oscillogram No. I crackling, hissing interference created by tl ree inferior grid leaks whose perform- ances are recorded in Oscillograms No. 2, No. 3, and } 4 The ts are the best evidence of Bradleyunit-B superiority for grid leak andotherradioservice. For perfect operation use them in your radio circuits. Seo agp 50.000 I Bradleyunit-B for Radio Manufacturers arkable solid-molded resistors are prac- tica naffected by moisture. They do not deper pon a glass enclosure for protection. rnished with or without leads for sol- dering. Made in values from 500 ohms to 10 r Tapped resistors also offered to meet your speci- ficatior Write today. Allen-Bradley Co.,277 Greenfield Av., Milwaukee, Wis. \ Allen-Bradley Resistors _ Say You Saw It In QST I recommend the immediate publication of a QST ‘Blacklist’ which could be sup- plied by officially appointed stations detailed to guard our own interests. Any station appearing in this list should be boycotted for the current month that it happened on this list and as long as it remains there. If all stations and foreign stations in par- ticular would refuse to work with off-band stations I believe that the trouble would soon be rectified. Private clubs adopt the practice of posting all members who have unpaid dues. There is no doubt that a monthly list of off-wave pirates, published in a conspicuous place, would have a splendid psychological effect. —Thomas R. Pennypacker, 1VR Mr. Terrell Commends Us DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RADIO DIVISION WASHINGTON May 24, 1928 Mr. K. B. Warner, Secretary American Radio Relay League, Inc. Hartford, Conn. Dear Mr. Warner: I have the pleasure of acknowledging re- ceipt of your letter of the 21st instant to- gether with a copy of the current issue of “QST” containing an article to which my attention has been invited with reference to the activity of the Twin City Vigilance Committee headed by Mr. Carleton H. Kohler. I get the impression that this Committee has voluntarily undertaken to make Minneapolis and St. Paul model cities from the radio listener’s standpoint and to relieve the Supervisor of Radio of many of the interference complaints which would otherwise be sent to his office. I consider this a commendable step in the way of cooperation beneficial to the listener-in, to the users of electrical devices causing interference, to the amateurs and particularly to the Radio Service of the Department of Commerce. I hope the idea will spread to other cities and that the amateurs throughout the country seeing the good work of the Twin City Vigilance Committee may set up similar committees with the same objects in view. This will do much to remove the false impression ex- isting in the minds of many listeners-in that all interference is caused by amateur operators and there is no good reason for their existence. I hope you will find space in future is- sues of “QST” to encourage this plan by reporting any new organizations, the work accomplished and some expressions of ap- preciation which these committees should obtain where relief has been afforded, I desire to go on record as one who fully appreciates this voluntary activity of the amateurs. Respectfully yours, W. D. Terrell, Chief, Radio Division It Identifies You and Helps QST 38338 ,

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ation sup- ailed ation »tted d on e. If par- band ould the have ta shed e a IVR 8 re- to- my nce nce his to ‘ies to of uld in che "eS nd he lea he ng ice eS ill 'X- ur or is- Dy rk p- ld ly 1e Listen to-the Stromberg-Carleon Sextette Tuesday evenings at 8 o*clock Eastern Daylight Time, through the NBC and Associated Stations: WJZ, WBZ-WBZA, WJR, WBAL, WHAM, KDKA, WREN, KYW. KWK, WSB, WTMJ, WMC, WCCO, KVOO, WFAA, KPRC, WOAI, WHAS, WBT, KOA. =| Fil , Tone uality unsurpassed in Radio —now available in Recorded Music HONOGRAPH records “come to life” through your Stromberg-Carlson Receiver, Complete for A. C_ house quesene operation. East of The living voice of speech and music breathes once sed West s3is, ted op ee . anada $390 and up. No. more, as originally recorded, through the audio system of 523 Strombere-Carlson your Stromberg-Carlson, bringing the wealth of tone due to today’s radio-perfected transmission of sound waves. Ceee'Sprakge Comslets | wit g cord— . . . ° Price, No, 10 Pedestal To play records interchangeably with radio reception Jars Hane ol Razhion Se through a Stromberg-Carlson, you merely add to your ~ Paton, Pe, 18 Wall Tere, East of Rockies $35; Rockies standard phonograph the-new Stromberg-Carlson magnetic and Went $98 Canada $46. / pick-up outfit—then push the pick-up plug into a jack provided in the Receiver. The operating power is from the house-lighting circuit just the same as for radio—the tone of the record reproduction has all of radio’s living beauty. Every new Stromberg-Carlson has handy jack to facilitate playing phonograph records. Stromberg-Carlson Telephone Mfg. Ce., Rochester, N.Y. MAKERS OF VOICE TRANSMISSION AND VOICE RECEPTION APPARATUS FOR MORE THAN THIRTY YEARS Say You Saw It In QS T—It Identifies You and Helps QST

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You can give new life and energy to your radio by replacing all the old tubes with correct, modern, Cunningham Radio Tubes. Instead of ‘‘crippled’’ perform- ance from your present set, try this simple method and see how beautifully it works. Your dealer will recommend the correct tube for each socket, ask him. E. T. CUNNINGHAM, Inc. NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO Manufa i and sold under rights, patents and inventions owned an r controlled by Radio Corporation of America RADIO Z TUBES Say You Saw It In QST Guarding Our Bands The following correspondence contains, we believe, a clean-cut statement of the position of the League with respect to the newspapers who are improperly using ama- teur station licenses in the prosecution of their business, and it therefore is published for general information of the membership. Members are also referred, in this connec- tion, to our June editorial.—Editor. UNITED STATES FLEET, BATTLE FLEET BATTLESHIP DIVISIONS U.S.S. CALIFORNIA Honolulu, T. H. May 2, 1928 The American Radio Relay League Hartford, Connecticut Dear Sirs: The New York Times station 2U0 broadcasts excellent press items each day at 1:00 a.m., E.S.T., on a frequency of about 7000 kes. These items are especially desirable, as the news is that which is printed in the morning Times of the date of transmission. Our reception of this press is frequently interfered with by amateur stations operat- ing on the same frequency, The interfer- ence is purely accidental, and I am _ sure that all amateurs would carefully avoid interfering with this schedule if you would print a notice in QST asking them to keep off this frequency during the press trans- mission, which lasts about one hour. The opportunity to copy this schedule without interference will be appreciated by all operators afloat. Yours very truly, R. E. Melling, Lieut., U.S. Navy. Radio Officer. May 17, 1928 Lieut. R. E, Melling, U.S.N. Radio Officer U.S.S. California via San Francisco, Calif. Dear Lieut. Melling: I have your letter of May 2nd from Honolulu in which you say that amateur stations interfere with the reception of news broadcast by the New York Times Station 2UO on a frequency of about 7000 kilocycles, and asking if we would print a notice in QST asking amateurs to keep off this frequency during this transmission. I have been the secretary of the amateur organization for over nine years and I have no recollection of any request from a Naval official in recent years, whether the matter be slight or large, to which we have not been happy to accede immediately. But I regret that in this matter we can take no action upon the line you propose. I would like to explain this. The New York Times station is operat- ing under an amateur license, on amateur wavelengths and of course with an ama- teur call. It is our opinion, and that of the amateur body generally, that the New York Times has no right to an amateur It Identifies You and Helps QST in ¢ titi stra pli lat

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ama- on of ‘ished rship. nnec- 2U0 day ially date ontly -rat- rfer- sure void ould keep ans- dule i by rom eur of mes 000 ta off eur ave val ‘ter not a uld at- ur na- of ew ur ANUFACTURERS Of the finest M sets are using Aluminum in constantly increasing quan- tities. Their tests have demon- strated that Aluminum is the one metal that most efficiently meets the widely differing con- ditions encountered in radio design. Its lightness; its permanent beauty; the fact that it does not rust or corrode; its high elec- trical conductivity; its efficient shielding quality; its “‘workabil- ity’—all are advantages that combine to make Aluminum the ideal metal for radio. n many of the most advanced | receiving sets Aluminum Shields are used to achieve better tone quality, greater selec- tivity, closer tuning—in short, finer reception. Aluminum shielding reduces interference. It eliminates elec- trostatic and electro-magnetic interaction between various stages of radio-frequency am- plification. It eliminates modu- lation of radio frequency stages by feed-back from audio-fre- ALUMINUM IN EVERY 2439 Oliver Building ALUMINUM Aluminum Contributes to Radio —Lighiness, Beauty, Finer Results quency amplifier. It makes pos- sible more compact design. Aluminum performs these functions efficiently and adds less to the weight of the set than any ¥ substitute met- al. Moreover, it is easily worked into special shield shapes—cans, boxes or casings. Thus it pre- sents few limitations of size and shape. It allows the engineer great freedom to design his shielding to meet, ideally, the various re- quirements of his set. _—— is widely used for variable condenser blades. Aluminum Company of America produces special sheet Alumi- num for this purpose that is ac- curate and uniform beyond any- thing hitherto attained. Gauge tolerance in thickness is +.001 inch and the fota/ variation within one sheet is limited to .0005 inch. Aluminum Company of Amer- ica also makes finished con- denser blades from this highly accurate and uniform sheet. ie | pe leading manufacturers of foil and paper fixed con- densers now use Aluminum foil because of its high electrical conductivity and its great cover- ing area (a pound of Aluminum foil .0003 inch thick covers 34,000 square inches). Terminals can readily be soldered to Alu- :, eer, minum foil conden- a ipl ‘| sers by a process re- ‘~~ cently developed by AluminumCompanyofAmerica. \ yo Die Castings of Alcoa Aluminum combine light- ness, strength, accuracy and high conductivity. They have equal strength with /ess than half the weight of other casting materials. They are used with complete success for loud speak- er frames and bases, condensers and condenser frames, drum dials, chasses—and even for cabinets. There is a fund of in- formation on the use of Aluminum in radio,and on radio in general, in the new edition of “Aluminum for Radio.” Your copy of this interesting book will be mailed on request: ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA >| a\ COMMERCIAL FORM Pittsburgh, Pa. “The mark of Quality in Radio Say You Saw It In QS T—It Identifies You and Helps QST 69

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And Now! THE THIRD EDITION of the Radio Amateur’s Handbook in STIFF BUCKRAM BINDING | Lies open and flat at any page invaluable Handbook attractive and dura- maroon leather cloth Will Wear Like Iron. Price $2 postpaid anywhere Stiff Binding wanting a better bound copy book for a long time. Here » dollars. Say You Saw It In QST license. They are not operating an ama- teur station; they are operating a limited commercial station under an amateur license, It is an adjunct to their business and contains the pecuniary interest the ab- sence of which is the distinguishing mark of the amateur. The broadcast service they render is done in forthright violation of a regulation which specifically prohibits the broadcasting of news by amateur sta- tions. This service is undoubtedly of value but it ought to be done on a wavelength outside the amateur band. The League now has protests on file at Washington against the licensing of this station to op- erate in the amateur bands; the New York Times similarly has application pending for a limited commercial license; it is to be expected that in the near future such license will issue and that they will then have a channel free of amateur interfer. ence. Every amateur regards the present 2U0 as an interloper and amateurs cannot be expected to abandon any of their rapid ly dwindling frequencies to a station which improperly masquerades as an amateur station and then goes outside the law itself in doing things which are denied stations operating under amateur license. I cannot tell you how much I regret that our office cannot act on this suggestion from a naval officer, with whose depart- ment we have only the most pleasant and cordial relations. I trust that you will understand. Sincerely yours, K. B. Warner Secretary-Editor 7 I. A. R. U. News (Continued from Page 60) nu6BQ, his first 6, and 0a, 0Z and al. 5YX is Q the sixth and seventh districts and 0A and 02, being R8 in all continents. Both these stations are crystal-controlled, al- though 5YX has not yet got his going quite OK. 5HS has worked heaps of West Coast stations, including na7ADY and nc5AW. He is looking around for 0H now. 6YQ, with nine watts input, has worked oH and NA, as well as the sixth and seventh dis- tricts and OA and oz, That’s real QRP work. 5BY and 5MA are too modest to say anything, but they have been heard QSO nu6 and nc5 and on. 5ML has worked ne5AW, nrCTO, sc2AS, am1AB, ai2KT and quite a few OA, FO and NU stations. Others busy on 23 meters are 20D, 5AD, 2NH, 60H, 6QB, and 6VP. “5LS has been heard on 45 meters and 6CL managed to reach the States a dozen times on this wave recently, a somewhat unusual experience for him. 2XV had a very good month, working the sixth and seventh districts and Nc. He has now in- creased power to 75 watts on 23 meters and wants skeds with the 6th and 7th be- tween 0400 and 0600 GCT during week- ends only. His QRA is 117 Victoria Rd., Cambridge. 2HJ wants to know if 9FLY is a bootleg call! (No—it is quite reg- It Identifies You and Helps QS T

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JUST OFF THE PRESS ed; right down to the minute; ateria! never published; greatly im- enlarged; no advance in price. FOURTH EDITION ‘Radio Theory and Operating”’ y MARY TEXANNA LOOMIS Pr Lecturer on Radio, Loomis Radio Cc Member, Institute of Radio Engineers. yright in U. S. and Great Britain. 900 Pages. Over 700 Illustrations Be ound in Flexible Red Kraft Leather, stamped in gold. Cor <t and reference book on radio with r on “Aircraft Radio” and much terial added, especially British. The this book was published in July, that time has been used as a all the leading radio schools States and Canada, by many uni- il colleges and high schools, : United States radio schools of the Art und Coast Guard, also a reference Department of Commerce. It has recognized as \MERICA’S STANDARD RADIO TEXT BOOK largest sale of any radio book luring the last three years. It alth of practical, systematically arr ympathetically presented infor- n book, so different from other works understandable, and interest- » after page of dry theory. The ved hundreds of letters from experts and fans from all parts praising the book in highest terms. filled a long felt want in the and reference books. Each edi- 1 great improvement over the pre- but the latest edition (4th) far them. It is a library in itself have a copy, if interested in PRICE $3.50 »stage Paid to All Countries arly all bookstores in the United Shanghai, China; London, Eng- Australia; Wellington, N. Z.; ( 2; Honolulu, T. H.; Manila, P. L.; Va rr B.C Buy of your bookdealer, or *y order to LOOMIS PUBLISHING COMPANY Dept. 5 Washington, D. C.

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speci ial tw together ketch of spring arrangement wanted and thickness panel. YAXLEY MFG. 9 So. Clinton St. co. Chicago Say You Saw It In QS T —It Identifies You and Helps QST ular—Ed.) He has been hearing ’em on 40 lately, which seems unusual these days. —“K. E. GERMANY “During last month it was quite notice- able that reception conditions got worse on 40 meters as well as on the lower bands, here in EK. In spite of this fact, some fine DX was carried out by 4VR, who on 30 meters had several QSO’s with NU hams, using 7 and once even 4 watts only. “4QM reports some good results on 32 meters, and got in touch with ne8AE on an input of 8 watts. “4XAD (ex4LV, Stuttgart) constructed al fieldmeter for short waves and won first prize in a German ham apparatus competi- tion held in Berlin. “4UAD (Munich) continues his picture transmissions on 80 meters, crystal con- trol. Foreign reports are wanted. “At our 3rd annual convention in Dres- den, two lectures were given, one by Profes- sor Esau on 5-meter work, and one by Mr. R. Urtel on the M.O.P.A. circuit. —‘Curt Lamm, ek4 AFA” IRISH FREE STATE “Gw stations are anxious to make con- tacts, if possible, with NU 5th, 6th and 7th districts. Any station anxious to arrange tests or schedules with Gw should apply to the Wireless Society of Ireland, 12 Trinity St., Dublin, C. 1, to which address QSL cards may also be sent. “About 14 of the 20 licensed stations are now active and are all doing good work. Wavelengths used are 45 and 23 meters. —“‘H. Hodgens, Hon, Sec. W.S.1. (GW-12B)” NORTHERN IRELAND “Several new stations have appeared on the air in Northern Ireland recently and there are now 28 licensed transmitters in this area, the great majority of these being licensed for a maximum input of 10 watts. “There has been little activity among the higher-powered stations but several of the low-power men have been doing excellent work. There seems to be some friendly rivalry between 5MO and 6YW in Belfast working on 23 meters and 5WD and 6WG in Coleraine working on 45 meters as to which can put up the greatest score of NU stations worked, All four stations have already lengthy lists of NU QSO’s to their credit with only a few watts input. “2IT is now using a Mesny circuit with two 40-watt valves on 23 meters and re- ports that it is “the goods”. 6MU has been almost entirely QRT owing to other work, but two nights on 20 meters resulted in about a dozen QSO’s with the Nu West Coast. —“E. Megaw, gi6MU” U.S.S.R. “Here are some notes on the DX condi- tions here. During the first few months of the year some contacts with U.S.A. sta- Brian Jay, eg2HJ”

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tions were accomplished. The easiest loca- tions for DX QSO are Caucasius, Lenin- grad region and Vladivostok, because they are located near the sea. In the middle of the country, the proposition is more diffi- cult. In central Russia they have made some contacts with U.S.A., but east of Mos- cow I have not yet heard of one good con- tact. The best time for U.S.S.R.-U.S.A. QSO is 0000 to 0300 G.C.T. “EuO8RA, Leningrad, had QSO with 8 NU stations. Ag67RA, Baku was QSO 17 NU stations. in one night. Eu09RA, 20RA and 05RA, at Moscow, have QSO’d several NU stations. Contacts with sB are good. “On 30 meters there are many DX sta- tions, and on the 20-meter band also, par- ticularly in the day time, “Tests have demonstrated that the best time for DX in European Russia -is be- tween 0200 in the evening, local time, until sunrise, although several NU stations have been heard on the 40-meter band at 1000 in the morning. “An interesting experiment was carried out here recently. A short-wave set was installed in the basket of a balloon, work- ing on 40 meters under the call xeuCSKW, with 20RA as the operator. During a flight across country continuous QSO with stations on the earth was maintained, and the radio end was a complete success. As a result of this, public attention has turned to short-wave radio and amateurs get at- tention 24 hours in the day! “The operator at 08RA now proposes to go up in a balloon herself (ah!—a Russian YL!—Ed.) and work a short-wave set. —*W. Grzybowski, eul3RA” STATIONS BELOW 50 METERS (Continued from June QST) 24.9 NKF, Bellevue, Anacostia, D. C. 24.9 NAA, Arlington, Va. 25. PCMM, The Hague, Holland. 25. eg2YT, Poldhu, England. 25. POY, Nouen, Ger. 25. PCP, Cap. Polonio. 25. HZA, Saigon, Fr. Indo China, 25. PCRR, Kootwijk, Holland. 25. FW, St. Assise, France. 25.3 5DH, Dollis Hill, P.O. England. 25.5 AGB, Nauen, Ger. 25.5 B82, Brussels, Belgium. 25.5 NKF, Bellevue, Anacostia, D.C. 25.728 VIZ, Melbourne, Aust. 25.906 GBH, Grimsby, Eng. (Beam) 26. AGA, Nauen, Ger. 26. AGC, Nauen, Ger. 26. FAMJ, SS Jean d’ Are. 26. ICJ, Bengazi, Cyrenaica, Libia, 26. VIS, Sydney, Aust. 26. VJS, Rabaul, New Guinea. 26. WNU, New Orleans, La. 26.086 GBK, Bodmin, Eng. (Beam) 26.2 ANC, Tijililin, Java. 26.269 CG, Montreal, Can. 26.3 AGB, Nauen, Ger.

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THE cyeot We’ WIBROPLEX & Trade Marks: Vibroplex-Bug-Lightning Bug ; No. Here’s the us you want! Slow or fast — it ly, accurately and with amazing ease, ned Base 17 10 Great New 1-Plated 7 Features a New design. efficient. A great bug! Hun- M More Famous Improved Vibroplex Japanned Base $17 Nickel-Plated 19 1 contact points to break high GO GE SGMRD cccccccccececece $25 Money Order or Registered Mail. THE VIBROPLEX CoO., Inc. 825 Broadway NEW YORK Address: “VIBROPLEX” New York Specia Radio Bug > of Push-Pull Power Stage for Dynamic Speakers results, every dynamic type speaker preceded by a push-pull amplifier. This arly true because they reproduce fre- low as 30 cycles and the attendant caw AC on the filaments of power tubes is greatly f ess filtercd out by a push-pull amplifier, letely wired push-pull power stage has been 1 for dynamic speakers. Consists of type 151 in- sformers (200 for working out of 210 type tubes ype tubes). Completely wired with sockets and vailable for cone type speakers and for both 210 t Patents owned or controlled by R.C. A. 1 may be bought with tubes complete(without tubes) $36.00. ghely higher west of Rocky Mountains) eas for hook-up of this remarkable instrument, MERICAN TRANSFORMER COMPANY ' former Builders for more than 28 Years \ 192 Emmet Street, Newark, N. J. 26.3 KDKA, East Pittsburgh, Pa. 26.3 WDJ, Harrison, Ohio. 26.8 8XK, East Pittsburgh, Pa. 26.92 2XAG, New York City. 27. AGB, Nauen, Ger. 27. ANH, Malabar, Java. 27. PCPP, Kootwijk, Holland. 27, PKX, Java. 27. RCRL, Central Lab., Leningrad, U. S. S. R. 27.5 KKC, Palo Alto, Calif. 27.5 PCMM, Kootwijk, Holland, 27.6 5DH, Dollis Hill, Eng. 27.9 WKC, Newark, N. J. 27.9 WKI, Newark, N. J. 28. FUL, Beyrouth-Djedeide, Lebanon. 28. KNN, Honolulu, T.H, 28. POW, Nauen, Ger. 28.15 KWE-KEWE, Bolinas, Calif. 28.26 WQA-WEQA, Rocky Point. 28.4 SPW, Rio de Janeiro. 28.5 2ME, Sydney, Aust. 28.5 RDRL, Leningrad, U.S.S.R. 28.58 KMM-KEMN, Bolinas, Calif. 28.8 AND, Tiililin, Java. 28.8 KSS,-KESS, Bolinas, Calif. 28.8 PCH, Scheveningen Port. 29. JPS, Sapporo, Japan. 29. NKL, Arlington, Va. 29. OCNG, Nogent-le-Rotrou 29.226 PCH, Scheveningen Port 29.282 PCH, Scheveningen Port 29.3 6XI, Bolinas, Calif. 29.3 KEL, Bolinas, Calif. 29.3 SPW, Rio de Janeiro. 29.5 KNR, Clearwater, Calif. 29.5 PCTT, Kootwijk, Holland. 29.71 WQX-WEQX, Rocky Point, 29.8 3LO, Melbourne, Aust. 29.838 WQY-WEQY, Rocky Point. (To be continued in Aug. QST) co Calls Heard (Continued from Page 61) lkh Imr Imy Inv Inf lod loj lpe lqy Ird Irf lIry lsw lue lve 1zl 2aby 2afv 2afx 2ahg 2akl 2aks 2aog 2api 2asb 2avb 2avz 2aue 2baa 2bac 2bad 2bef 2bev 2bfq 2bgc 2bgt 2bg 2bha 2bum 2bjq 2bir 2ck 2cmu 2evj 2dp 2gp 2jc 2jn 2kx 2md 2nm 20] 2ox 2qu 2tp 2va 3adm 3aib 3ank 3bgg 3bjm 3btq 3cee 3cfg 3ckj 3hf 8sh 3wm 4adb 4b] 4ea 4io 4jm 4pd 4rn 5afb 5byb Sadm Sadg Sahe 8ail 8ahk Sake Saly 8amu Saul S8avs Saxa Sayu Sbeu 8bde 8ben 8bhz S8box 8btr 8cfl 8che 8cjm 8cke 8enh 8cnj 8cpr 8cvj 8cug S8ddn 8dhp 8dgp Sdhx Sdjv Sdid Sdrj 8dsa 8dsi 8hx 8jq Yas 9baf Yeln ne-lad ne-lam ne-lap ne-2al ne-2an ne-2ax ne-2be ne-3bt ne-8es ne-3qs fo-a3z fo-ade fo-a4f fo-a4dx fo-a5x fo-a7n fo-a9a wnp aq-lac ai-2kt. eg-2HJ, K. E. Brian Jay, 19 Elm Close, Amersham, Bucks, England (20 Meters) laa lahi lafb lalb lanh laqd lbad Icki lemd lii lql luo lwv 2aae 2acm 2auo 2bci 2bfq 2hq 20x 2vn Sahr 3ajh 3anh 3aok 3bjm 3hf 3ku 3nz 3qv 3qw 3sh 4cs 4jm 4sb 4tk 5aai 5acl 5aot 5at 5bj 5ns 5Srg Tafo Taij 7fe Safq Sagy Salu Sare Sasb Satv S8beu Sbou Sbpx 8brh S8cpr 8dew &dne &dsa 8re 8zm Yalz Yama 9bvh 9bvv 9cfn Yciy Icjk Ycuh Ycuw Ydsz Ydxl Yege 9Yehd 9ehs Yelj 9etk 9ez 9fly 9qw ne-lby ne-lco ne-2be Say You Saw It In QS T—It Identifies You and Helps QST

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rad, | anon. lry 2aog 2bev cmu 3ckj 5yb Savs 3che 9eln -2be a5x lii 2vn 3sh afo bou ma eye 2be Special Offer and the Radio Amateur’s Handbook for $3.00 During JULY and AUGUST Only The Radio Amateur’s Handbook is the most important piece of equipment in any station! Without it, a station is probably inefficient. With it, a station be- comes known for a good ‘punch’, good operating methods, proper wavelengths and a sharp, non-interfering note. The Radio Amateur’s Handbook paints the whole picture of the greatest of modern hobbies, covering everything from so elementary a start as the explanation of what amateur radio is, and how to become an amateur, up to the details of construction and operation of the most up-to-date type of amateur transmitter, and the most elusive and complex of traffic-handling proce- dures. Data and complete constructional information on the building of many pieces of apparatus are given. Special Offer sriion'= esraeisver* All for $3.00 Even if you are already a member of the League and a subscriber to QST, you may avail yourself of this offer. Simply mention that fact and instead of entering it as a new subscription we will extend your present subscription for another year, and send a copy of the Hand- book at once. American Radio Relay League, Hartford, Conn. Dear Sirs: I want to take advantage of your Special Offer and enclose three dollars. [ am am not a member of the League. American Radio Relay League 1711 Park Street re ee) Hartford, Connecticut Say You Saw It In Q@S T — It Identifies You and Helps QST

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For velvet-like tone and performance, use Televocal Quality Tubes. All standard types. Ask for them at your dealers. TELEVOCAL CORPORATION Televocal Building 1 R.1,588 12th Street West New York, N. J eh ee ~_ ed oS Consider First The Volume Control radio set is one of the parts “ted to the most wear. Care must type that will give the longest type that will not introduce the quality of reception after rols have a patented rocking dis¢ all wear on the resistance ma- e adds to the smoothness of opera- ring pressure arm rides smoothly on NOT on the resistance The bushing ghiy insulated from the current simplifies mounting on metal eliminates any hand capacity trol is in a critical circuit. Full btained in a SINGLE TURN na P features, Centralab has carefully t ‘ ntrol circuit and has built-up fit each application These spe ire am assurance of a control that w 1 gradually vary the volume from a mum—no sudden cut-offs on distant locals creeping through when known as Centralab Radiochms, w Potentiometers, with three terminals, : th three terminals and especially ontrol The specific circuit, in ese units are used, is outlined in a f y have it by writing. ENTRAL RADIO LABORATORIES Milwaukee, Wis. HI Centxalab] | Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST ne-3be ne-3es ne-3gg ne-5icp np-4ja oa-5dx oa-Sde sb-lib sb-2aj sb-2ar su-lam. (40 Meters) lacj laqi laqgo lbat lbbn Ilbeb Ibgf Icpe lfp Imk lwr lws 2aes 2ari 2bes 2bfn 2bgg 2bhi 2bhv 2bke 2bkf 2blr 2blx 2bmh 2bms 2cnm 2dd 2qs 2rk 3afu 3alf 3amx 3aqi 3ard 3bhp 3cix 3di 3dj 3er 3fh 3ga 3gg¢ 3in 3na 3q! 3si 4aam 4daba 4dabw 4dacc 4acv dada 4aep 4amd 4dt 4fx 4gl 4ib 4io 4nm 4oo 4pk 4px 4tg 4wm 4wx 5aej 5afx 5agq 5amo 5aoz 5aq bSaqf Saqy 5ary 5di 5ew Sgr 5jc 5kg Soc Srg Szav 6bsn Gta 6zv 7fe 8aap Sapn Say Sayo Sazg Sbaf Sbax 8bpa S8buj Scai 8che S8ccw Scla 8cns 8cqn 8cxe 8ezg S8ezr 8dem Sdrg 8kq 8qr Sua 8uj Q9aas Yacz 9afx Yahk Sahq Yahz Yarn Yavp 9beg 9bkl Ybqe 9bs 9bxo Ycfs Iemv 9cxz 9cya 9dex 9dft 9dns 9drs 9ds 9dwa 9dxz Yeca 9efo Yell Serh Yetd Sgt 911 as-llra ne-3bm ne-3nv nn-2nic nq-5fl sa-bx2 sa-df4 sa-dw4 sa--ea8 sa-en$ sb-lah sb-law sb-lay sb-lbr sb-lca sb-lem_ sb-ldc sb-ldx sb-lid sb-2ah sb-2ax sb-2ay sb-2az sc-7aa su-2bt oa-3bq oa-3de oa-3vp oa-3x0 oa-bhg oa-7jk oz-2ae oz-3ar oz-3au oz-3az oz-4am. eg-BRS93, G. Hoodage, 1 Friston St., Fulham, Lon- don, S.W. 6, England (Heard on April 15 on 20 meters) lz] lawe lbke lbat lemf lqe Icpb lemx 2bsec 20x 3ku 3qa 4bq 4cb Sbtf Schr &ces S8btf Sbec 9cau ne-lam ne-ldo. (40 meters) lara lahx laug labn ladb laue lage laef lakk ladi laus lab lbbn lbge Ibke Icf leng lfq lfd lide lid lim lom loo Ino lcgz Irp Inic Irn lvt lvae 2ge 2bg 2bit 2bee 2cxl 2egg acd Zafw 2mt 2ass 2kp 2bey 2vm 2bum 2bek 2bjj 2bfn 2aun 2fd 2vo 2tp 2bhr 2bm 2age 2bav 2bfn 2tt 2auo 2are 2ajg 2kj 2bgb 2ats 2aot 2ahh 2ajc 2di 2bis 2bac 3bq Sard 3pf Sark 3lz 3ath 3pg 3bbh 3aqz 3bns 3afx 3gi 4uf 4uq 4aar 4daeb 4abz 4uue 4afe 4nkf 4ix 4fx 4pt 4aev 4qz 4gl 4ky 4bb 4uf 4rp 4aba 4dt 5ayl 5fl 5yb 5Saue 5Safx Sain 8btk Satv 8If 8cenz Sens 8fkz 8exd S8deg S8cse Sexi 8adm &8dtv 80q Sawu &bbs S8bou Sent 8ctl Scal Scxi 8aph Sami 8chp 9dqk 9fks 9Yaid 9dft 9fp 9cnm 9ad 9bz 9su Yevn Yeve 9rf 9mq nec-lbh. eg-6YL, Miss B. Dunn, Stock, Essex, England (Heard during April on 40 meters) lamu laru lasy lom 2abz 2aoj 2bix 2bms 2cxl 3bsd 3ly 3na 4gl 4nm 5yb Sbuj &cqn Sdbi Suj Yarn 9eph 9dik Yege Yell em-smuvy em-smwg xem-sfv eu-ra91 eu-O8ra eu-l5ra eu-57ra fm-Sssr ne-2ca nq-5ex. et-TPAR, J. Ziembicki, Lwow, Bieclowskiege, 6, Poland laba ladm lage lakm lamv lapp lbea lbeb ibhs lbke lbqp lbqs lbqt Icje lemp icnz lga lgw Ilsi Isg 2afv 2atq 2ayj 2bbe 2bcb 2bdh 2car 2cox 2cxl 2kx 2ov 2rs 2um 2xaf 3ado 3aib 3akv 3bph 3bwt 3cfg 3ckj 3pf 3ql 4acv 4ob 4vac Sacr 8bhz 8bke 8enh Sexd Sdrj Srh 9tq ac-2ff ag-rann ag-67ra_ ai-lbb ai-2bg ai-2kt ai-2kw ai-2kx aq-bdl aq-lhf agq-llm aq-lmdz as-osa as-llra ea-grp ea-fk ea-ll ea-lpo ea-py ea-ra ea-spo ea-tp ea-tx ea-wf ea-wu eb-pl eb-r8 eb-4ar eb-4as eb-4dau eb-4be eb-4bt eb-4bu eb-4cb eb-4cc eb-4cm eb-4co eb-4dd eb-4di eb-4el eb-dew eb-4ft ef-4hp eb-4ic eb-4kb eb-4fo eb-4tm eb-4vr ec-lab ec-1kx ec-Irf ec-luz ec-aa2 ed-7bb ed-7bl ed-7cc ed-7du ed-7hj ed-7hm ed-7jo ed-7lo ed-7na_ ed-7oh ed-7rl ed-7zgn ee-eak ee-arl0 ee-ar28 ee-ar38 ee-ar55 ee-ar62 ee-ar73 ee-ar74 ef-fw2 ef-fnd ef-fnd2 ef-8ba ef-Sbf ef-8bl ef-Sbp ef-8btr ef-8cc ef-8cp ef-Samf ef-8co ef-Scest ef-Seu ef-8fd ef-8fk ef-8g¢db ef-8gou ef-8grg ef-S8gyd ef-8hco ef-8ho ef-S8ix ef-8jc ef-8id ef-8kk ef-8kv ef-Slap ef-8lb ef-8]j ef-Slt ef-8lx ef-8lz2 ef-8mb3 ef-8mcy ef-8mmp ef-8mop ef-8msm_ ef-80qp ef-8orm ef-Spax ef-8pcx ef-8pjn ef-8pl ef-&8pme ef-8rac ef-8rem ef-Srhj ef-8rit ef-8rnf ef-8rpu ef-8rv ef-8rwr ef-Ssct ef-S8ses ef-8ssw ef-S8ssy ef-8tis ef-8tkr ef-8toy ef-Stsf ef-Sudi ef-8vvd ef-8wf ef-8xo ef-8ynb ef-8ypm ef-8zb ef-8zed ef-8zod ef-l8gr eg-2ah 2g2-av 2g-2ay 2g¢-2bq 2g-2dx 2g-2hj eg-2pp eg-2re eg-2sc eg-2un eg-5by eg-5dh eg-5Sig eg-5iw eg-5kz eg-5if eg-5lu eg-bml eg-5ph eg-5rq eg-5sk eg-5uw eg-duy eg-5wp eg-iwq eg-5xd eg-byx eg-6bw eg-6dh eg-6hp eg-6ig eg-6lb eg-6nf eg-6no eg-6pp eg-6ab eg-6rb eg-6tx eg-6uo eg-6uz eg-6vj eg-6Gwo eg-6wy eg-6yl eg-6yq eg-6yv eg-6zr gce-5yg gi-iwd gi-6mu gi-6wg gi-6Gyw eh-9mq eh-9xf ei-lam ei-lax ei-lay ei-lce ei-ldr ei-ldy ei-leh ei-lfb ei-lge ei-lgl ei-llt ei-lmg ei-Irk ei-Irr ek-hfl ek-4au ek-4cl ek-4dba ek-4dk ek-4dka ek-4fn ek-4gd ek-4h]l ek-4hy ek-4ku ek-4ls ek-4nd ek-4nv ek-4nx ek-dga ek-4gm ek-d4uak ek-4uf 1 yor

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4tg aay cm Ide 7jk xl rn fv ca ae Nae SOS ON KC CU NMAC RP oan Zoos S | for TEN METERS ? The Weston Model 425 Radiation Ammeter will give you the exact amount of current supplied to the an- | tenna at the wave length of 10 meters (or 30 mego- | eycles) now being advocated. It is generally known | that when a wave length is shortened the frequency in- creases. The effects are that greater distance can be obtained with less power and with an _ ulti- | mate reduction in equipment. But as the frequency in- creases a point is reached where the ordinary instrument becomes entirely unreliable owing to the frequency er- | rors of such designs for which no compensation is possi- ble } The Weston Model 425 Radiation Ammeter is superior | to all other instruments for this service. Not only are its constructional features typical of highest Weston quality but it possesses the essential electrical charac- teristic that its readings are accurate on any wave length—entirely unaffected by frequency errors which are invariably found in inferior instruments. Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation 602 Frelinghuysen Avenue, Newark, N. J. Are you suitably equipped Another instrument made in the same size 314%,” diameter—and exactly the same in appearance is the Model 301 Voltmeter with bakelite case for reading the filament volt- age of the transmitting tube. Supplied in 8 volt or 15 volt ranges. Also the same model for measuring the plate voltage and the plate current supply. Prices—Complete, Ready for Panel Mounting Model 425, 3!4" diameter, from $13.50 to $15.00 Model 301, 3!;"" diameter, $8.00 WESTON RADIO INSTRUMENTS | It’s Worth Sending For! A handy manual—36 pages and cover—88 illus- trations and over 20,000 words of practical, con- > pis wad evened wan henge - . = cise, fool-proof text-— prepared by Austin C. Lescarboura in collab- oration with our engin- eering staff. Usable. Unselfish. Unbiased. Just the plain and work- able radio truth. You can use a copy! So can that chap who pesters you for radio dope! Ask your radio dealer for a copy, or send 25 cents in stamps or coin direct to us, and we'll send the manual as well as other Clarostat literature. American Mechanical Laboratories, Inc. Specialists tse 285-7 in Variable North Sixth St. Resistors TAT N.Y. —*LAROSTAT— ~ BUILD A DAVEN TELEVISION RECEIVER Complete Essential Kit, $45.90 The first complete Kit enabling anyone to build his own tele- vision receiver—and sponsored by Daven! The Kit consists of a Daven 24 aperature scanning disk for receiving WGY, Daven Motor Bushing. Daven Television Tube, Three com- plete stages of Daven Television Amplification and Instruc- tions for Building Daven 2 Stage Power Essential Kit $10.00 For use with 210 tubes—2 stages of Daven Power Television Amplification complete with Daven Super Davohms and In- structions for Building. Daven Television Apparatus Daven Television Scanning Disc- 24 apertures for WGY $ 5.00 each Daven Television Scanning Dise— 36 apertures for WRNY 6.00 each Daven Television Scanning Disc 48 apertures 7.00 each Daven Special Television Ampli- : 12.50 each fier (3-T) Daven Television Tubes—20 to 80 milliamperes striking voltage 150, Plate 1%x1% inches ha a } Daven Television Motor 15.00 eac P _—- Daven Bushing to fit 4, 5/16 and %” motor shafts 1.00 each Daven. Television Photo Electric Cell 25.00 each Daven Television Resisto-Couplers for stages 1, 2 and 3 2.15 each DAVEN For stages 4 and 5 4.65 each Daven Mu-20 Tubes for Amplifier 2.25 h ——. 29 Gat —~ Daven 71 Tubes for output tube in series with Television —— Lamp 3.50 each —— Daven AC-10 Tubes for output dl in series with Television 9.00 each MP write For Television Booklet The Daven Corporation ‘Suns’ Newark, N. J. Say You Saw It In QsT—It Identifies You and Helps QST 79

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Dynamic Speaker Energizer kle charger capable of delivering an ampere with this TOBE-A- CONDENSER 4000 Mfd. connected as shown, will furnish the proper power to ze your Dynamic Cone Speaker. Tobe-A-Condensers List Price $6.00 i, for Pamphlie of this new A-Condenser and A-Filter. TOBE DEUTSCHMANN CO. AMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS TRANSFORMERS Gueranteed—Mounted—Complete 250 wa 700 each side F $10.50 700 wa 1500 each side ae eisai 14.50 [Aa we 2500 each side —_ .. 21.00 1 Kw soo each side $ 30.00 Add $2.00 for fil. winding eCES F. GREBEN 1927 Se. Peorls Street, Pilsen Sta., Chicago, Winois Say You Saw It In QsST ek-4uj ek-4vb ek-4vj ek-4xr el-lala el-lalv el-laly el-lalx em-smga em-smrvy em-smss em-smtc em-smto em-smua em-smuk em-smus em-smuv ¢€m-smye em-smzf em-smzy xem-sfv en-0cp en-0dj en-le en-0gm en-0ly en-Omar en-0vn en-Owg en-0ze en-Ozf eo-lid eo-liz eo-l14b eo-l7c ep-laa ep-lag ep-lai ep-lbd ep-lbk ep-lbl ep-lbx xep-lma er-5af es-lco es-2bb es-2nad es-2nag es-2nm et-tpach et-tpbg et-tpbi et-tpbp et-tpcj et-tpfm et-tpju et-tplm et-tpmn et-tpzo et-tpzz et-p2rn eu-pag eu-nno eu-rk46 eu-lwa eu-3wk eu-4ra eu-084a eu-09ra eu-l0ra eu-12ra eu-l3ra eu-l5ra eu-23ra eu-39ra ew-aa ew-ab ew-ah ew-fy ew-km ew-h2 ey-lco ex-lag fb-8hl fe-egez fe-lac fe-les fi-lta fm-al fm-Sags fm-S8mb fm-S8psrv fm-X8st fm-8ssr fm-8vx ne-lar ne-lbr ne-lda ni-gren np-4pq nq-5cx nt-2ai op-ldr oz-lan oz-2aq oz-2gg oz-3me oz-2xa oz-4ae sb-lah sb-lak sb-lao sb-laq sb-law sb-lbr sb-lca sb-lem sb-lic sb-2ar sb-2as_ sb-2ax sb-2id sb-2nm sc-lah sc-3bd su-loa. en-RO30, C. C. Verbeek, Room 413, H.T.O., Laakkade 80, The Hague, Holland (Heard between Feb. 12 and April 13) labz ladm lafl lafz lahx lair lakd lakm lakz lalr lamq laqt larv lasr latj latv lavj lazd lbgq lbkp lbqt Ibr Icje lemx Ienp lesx Ictp Id] ldp lex 1fi lfn lgh lgw lide lmo lom Ipi Ilsz lvp lw! 2abp 2acd 2aem 2afb 2aho 2ajt 2aol 2a00 2ass 2atk 2atq 2Zaub 2aut 2avb 2avm 2ayj 2az 2bdh 2bfn 2bjs 2bme 2bst 2ch 2crb 2cuq 2dg 2gp 2kx 2qh 2qt 2rs 2sj 2tp 2ty 2vy 2xj 2ze 3acu 3aeu 3ahh 3anh 3ani 3auv 3bed 3blp 3bns 3bq 3bad 3bap 3cbt 3dq 3ev 3oc 3pf 3qp 3si 3sz 4acz 4cf dei 4ke 4qy 4tk 4wk Seb 6xi Sadg Sagi Salo Salu Sath Savp Sayu &bhz &bmn Sbox Scau &cce Scew Sent S8ctl Sdah &dci Sdpj &dpo 9am %cfa Schg 9cjw 9cos 9deq 9fs 9mq nec-lam ne-lar ne-lbr ne-lda ne-2bv ne-3ay nq-2jt nr-2ags nx-lxl fqa-pm oh-5hg sa-de3 sb-lar sb-lid sb-2ad_ sb-2ag sb-2ah sb-2ax sb-2az sb-5az xed-oij. ec-2UN, Radio Club Ceskoslovensky, Prague II, Slevansky ostrov, Czechoslovakia lajz lavu lawe lcom lIicpj Igh l1zz 2aib 2al 2alp 2bif 2bev 2gp 3bkl 3rsy 4es 50a Tir 9dxz 9ed ac-lcl ac-2al ac-2ck ac-2ff aj-lsk aj-2by fk-3ms oa-2sh oa-3ag oa-3x0 oa-5bw oz-2bf oz-3az ne-lad ne-2by nj-2pa ns-lfmh sb-lah sb-lbi sb-law sb-lib sb-lid sb-2ah sb-2az sb-3qa su-loa. ef-8PY, c/o R.E.F., Paris, France laaw labv lacd laru lata lbqt lcpf lgh lgv lew Imr lou Iry lye lwv 2agu 2alp 2ama 2aol 2anh 2atq 2bdf 2bgez 2bir 2bkf 2blx 2bsr 2ow 2rs 2ty 2vi 2wd 3acu 3adp 3aps 3cfg 3qe 3sz 3ua 4acv 4bl 4fv 4ry 50a Sabw Sadg Sake Salo Sawu Sawy &bbs &bje Scso &kq sa-de3 sb-law sb-2ax sb-2az su-2bt ne-lad ne-lap ne-Sae nr-Sfr fo-a9a oz-3az oz-4am oz-4a0 ag-67ra as-03ra xep-lma. R. Dezerville, 46, Rue St. Laurent, Lagny Set M, France (20 meters) laba lafb lafd lage lahi lakd laot laqt lasf lawe laxa lazd lbat lbay Ilbiv lbsu Ibvl ibw Iemd lIemx lfs lgp lij lia ljg lka Imr Imx Inv Ird luo lvw Izac 2ad! 2afx 2akl 2akz 2agw 2alp 2api 2arb 2ass 2avb 2avz 2aws 2ays 2bbx 2bjq 2bge 2bsa 2bei 2bxr 2ctp 2nm 2tp 2uh 2va 2vi 3apx 3aqm 3arq 2ke 2lw 2qw 4dact 4bl 4ft 4lp 5afb 5bj 5kge Sadg Sadm Saga Rags Saul Saxa &baf Sbdm &bto Scag &Scjm Scmb Senr Scug Sevj Sdne Sdx &hx Sncj Savp Sbtw Ybvh Ice Sef 9ez 9cevy 9dsz 9esk 9pm Ysx ne-lar ne-2al ne-3bt ne-3ecs ne-3qs ne-4fv ne-7ag ne-Sae fo-ade_ sb-lib sb-2as aq-llm af-lb shm wnp. ef-RO91, C. Conte, 24, Allee du Rocher, Clich-sous- Bois, (S-et-O) France labt lagi laha laip lafo lauj lavj laxq Iibbn leax led lede Ichr leje lemz lia lii Imx lom Iry lvs lvw lizo lalb 2afa 2ags 2aju 2aow 2apd 2atk 2avw 2ald 2bda 2bdh 2bfn 2bgr 2bgg 2bhr 2bif 2bjj 2bci 2bqi 2enm 2cuq 2cvj 2cx!l 2fs 2ge 2qh 2rs 2wr 2cty Safx 3adv 3aqs 3aqw 3aqz 3au 3atl 3bel 3cs 3dg 3na 3nd 3pf 3ra 4aba 4abz dada 4daeb 4daec 4daf 4cs 4ll 4lx 4nf 4qz 4rf 4rn 4ut 4wo 4daac 5aay 5aej 5amo Saxn 5aq 5jce 50a 5yb 6bjf 6jn 7Tkf Sadm Same Sajt Baht Sapd Savd Savw Saxg Sayu &bbl &bbs 8bjl &box &becu Schi Schp Sciw cla Sclp Senr Scqn Serp &cto Scuk Sdjf 8dpo Sdsy 8gk &8li &sp S&vx &qh QYacl Yaid Yavp 9bmm Yerd Yerj 9csj Yezd 9dk Ydra Ydrs Yedw Sees Yecx Yetd Yeyu Yez Yfqp Y9fs Ble Yuu nq-5ex np-4ja ne-lad ne-2br ne-2be ne-2ca ne-2al ne-3cs ne-3ls wsq. It Identifies You and Helps QS T

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el-lalw n-smto n-smye en-Oec en-Ozf ep-lbd es-2bb pt-tpbi -tpmn ‘u-l wa ‘bmn Sdpo c-lar x-1x] )-2ag

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I Ry fp 33 7 £ i MOO Sreecer a4 3 taj s at ring city ma, t+ Conransoue oe Lhinghamtong. (U Mpa. I L25 ft i! i 2 - a tf ue i 4 q VIBE Bantre / Ae 20 Cornire ode - Fs Ae FITO = SAF Courr Lp ELECTRIC SPECIALTY COMPANY trave “ESCO” marx South Street Stamford, Conn. Real DX means maximum miles per watt, and that is what ESCO” generators are built for

A. R. R. L. Members -- What about your friends ? You must have a friend or two who ought to be members of our A.R.R.L., but aren’t. Will you give us their names, so that we may write to them and tell them about the League and bring them in with the rest ofus? The A.R.R.L. needs every eligible radio enthusiast within its ranks, and you will be doing your part to help bring this about by recommending some friends to us. Many thanks. (ibtetabse eee eee amewa’ 1928 American Radio Relay League, Hartford, Conn. I wish to propose DG wtvhtedewke Sens hacaddaseneeeakhawaene OP acca udcanadesesesecaddhebesuweeaeuees De caeceeRetieesnetsestuenanadeaeaden OE cde diekna parike eAdmesanaca canal Street & No. Place State for membership in the A.R.R.L. I believe they would make good members. Please tell them the story. Oe |

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B. Brenner, Fredriksg 16, Helsingfors, Finland lem Imk Imy lii lim Ixrv lxw lacg lasf lasy laxa lbke lcaa liccx lcfp lhmn 2ay 2cx 2fs 2je 2md 20w 2rs 2sy 2up 2afo 2atg 2abx 2alu 2ayj 2bac 2bdh 2bgh 2bhr 2bif 2bvg 2bkk 3ami 3bc]l 3bme 3bnu 4ei 4ft 4sv 4acz 4adm 5jw 5Safx Ted 7dia 7Tvg S8bth 9fs 9bge 9nox aq-rann aj-2bg aj-2kt aj-2kx aj-2rxp ar- arcx aq-llm aq-lmdz fm-8kr fm-8psrv fm-fmal fi-lta S i - T 4 is N E WwW fo-a9a fg-3ccg fe-les fe-egez fq-pm oa-2bb oa-2dy oa-4dy oa-5hg oa-6sa oa-7cw oz-3aj oz-3az na-9efo meya ocya. * ed-7GB, G. Brammer, 132 Osterbrogade, Copenhagen, C Denmark y d 10 (Heard in April on 20 and 30 meters) lade ladm lack laff lakd lakz lalb lanz lasy lawe Iicjh lei lij Ipd igh lvw 2bir 2bse 2cnm 2dr d; yh 2gp 2mt 20x 2tt 3aqm 3bjm S8adg 8dro 8mq 9etd - o ne-lad ne-2be ne-3ap ne-3¢g nr-2ags sb-lah sb-lbr a raaio set wort, 4 of sb-ldx sz-2af sb-2ax sb-2az sc-3ac sc-3cj su-loa as- th } t rao3 ne-8r¢g. one of eo e grea es A. G. Brown, 8 Mangarra Road, Canterbury E. 7, di Victoria, Australia names in ra 10 lags lamt lasf lasu lje lyb 2alu 2bra 3kt 3lw 4ai 41] 4pd 4rt Saav Sard 5kg 5nw 5Swm Gaah 6aai 6aap 6aaz 6aiw G6Gajq 6al 6alw 6alz 6amm 6anu 6asy 6ay 6baj Gbau 6bdj 6bfp 6bgn 6bhm 6bih 6bm 6bbhow IN CABINETS BY 6bzu G6cby Gect 6edd 6ege G6cii 6ejn 6ckj 6em 6esj 6cu 6ewl 6ez! 6czz G6dat G6dev 6dez 6ddy 6dfm 6dfo Cc 6dfq 6dfs 6dhe 6dho 6djj 6djw 6dkx 6dmk 6ec 6ek er e C3 a 6gk 6ij 6na 6tj Gue 6xa Tafo Tvf Sadg Sci Sdkx 8gz Qase 9bez 9cht 9cjh Y9cm Yerj Ycur Y9dx Yecz Yenp Yeri Yerm 9ir Suu 9xi xnu-6bzw ne-4du sb-lai oh- 6dju oh-6dtg oh-6dvg od-pkl op-lac op-lad op-lcw IT AT THE DEALERS TODAY ae-lbk ae-lhh aj-lmo aj-3tn aj-4zz am-3ab eb-4ft eg-5hd eg-6yb fo-3za. TEEL PRODUCTS COMPANY, Inc. G. A. Parslow, 27 Eastbourne Rd., Tooting Junction, NORTH CHICAGO, ILLINOIS London S. W. 14, England lacv lad lahv lahx laje lajg lakm lal lani lany lape lary lauk lavy lawm lyj libjg 1lbnm Icio Icje — lejz iIckp ictf lim ikh Ino loaf lom iIrf Irp 2ags 5 2ama 2ago 2aso 2ate 2atg 2bcb 2bda 2bdh 2bds 2bhx - os 2bfn 2bgeg 2bic 2bjs 2box 2cvj 2cyx 2cxl 2dx 2fd 2f¢ 2ja 2kr 2mb 2na 2og 2rs 2sm 2su 2ttp 2vn 2ty 3aal + 3ada 3adf 3ajd 3anh 3aog 3aph 3arg 3bvv 3ceb 3cf — snners | nts 8ch 3pf 3pg 3sg¢ 3zpr 4ad 4ea 411 4ob 4pe 4pk 4rf 4sq eS! e 5kg 8acz 8aju 8an 8cvo 8dem 8eqk 8no 8pl 9cjw YIclp Ad d 9emq Y9cr Ycrz Yepu hi. ! vance se we . 5 brid q b [he VER.SPC.GRSoSe a = aw. 20 wmaland sateen nstructor wi make ° you proficient in code latt lave lakm lawm laxa lbux icmx igw lho LI preckee, in , # llu lav 2afa 2afo 2afr 2aji 2ama 2ang 2apw 2arm beth canding end se- 2asa 2atq 2aub 2bad 2bdj 2ber 2biv 2bpb 2bvh 2cle = ceiving. Reproduces 2cty 2fs 2ke 2ot 2tp 3aeq 3an 3anh 3arq 3ceb 4daef the actual sending of ex- 4oo 4rr 4tg 5abe 5Saci 5Saej 5afb 5ahm 5amn 5bamo pert epesatesp ennety 5amd 5aqe 5atf 5ayb 5bam 5bj 5dl 5fu She 5Shz 5ja du - A. AM land lines. 5je 5kg 5nj 50c 5qq 5sj 5tx Suk Suw Swf 6aak 6am Su Sends messages ,radio- 6app Gazy 6bfp 6bjl 6bjv 6bzf 6bzn Gch! 6ezz 6deq an grams, etc. — regular 6dev 6dfq 6djw 6dkx 6ue Tafo Tail Tajh Talk T7bb M aK EJ. Wg Tbd 7ceq Tef Tek Tip Tmo 7mx 7no 8bbs Sbhz &efl Da Gadersea by U.S. 8cjw Sdme 9aas Yadq Yagw Yahj Yahq Yahz Yalg eu Navy and leading Qaof 9aok 9Yarh Yarn Yaue 9Yaxz Sbbw Ybe Yblu 9bnf —— = ay hme bag = we ee ~~ aa See Ss ye edi 9cej 9cfg 9cfm Ycfw Ycet Ycia Ycji Icjw Yemv 4 y ay 9ceph 9crd 9est Yewn Ycye Yeys Ydee Yded Ydes 9Idex ners and advanced 9dga 9dge 9dk 9dke 9dng 9dnm Ydoe 9dra 9ds Ydso — students furn- 9dsz 9dxi 9dyl 9ebm Yecz Yeey Yef Yehb Yehn Yelb TELEPLEX 9eld 9elx 9ems Yenp Yeob Yeoo Yeqk Yeva Yeve Yevr nd practice 9exc Yeyu 9ez 9fao Sdft Off 9fhy 9fs 9h!l 9lo 9Imh when, where ‘ond how you 9nr 9rt 9su sw Ytq Y9xi — ai-2kw am-lab r~ wan ldh as-ber as-rao3 er-5af fb-8hl fce-2dd fe-gm fo- Phonograph Mot Witte tee bestiee RE i colee acum csies eth col. coe om Teleplex Co., 76 Cortlandt St.,New York, N.Y. 3wm oa-5hg oa-5ja oa-6dki op-lad oz-8aj oz-3au oz- 3az oz-4ao sa-az2 x-oib xen-oqq. aj-JXIX, K. Kasahara, 880 Tennoji-cho, Osaka, quants OSCILLATING CRYSTALS Japan Br specified frequency at theee priees: (Heard between Feb. 14 and Mar. 31, 1928) Un TS secceovescosces yy 5agm 5mx 6adh 6ajm 6akh 6alm 6alz 6am 6ans Cor motes prespessceess | ae Gasi Gavk 6bgl 6bfp 6bis Gbax 6bkr 6bmt 6bmw 6bph a1 ) meter EEE EF EE 15.00 6brp 6bsn G6bhyz 6bzc 6bzn 6bq 6bvv 6egm 6ch 6cih I nks, 2 to 5 mm thick .. 5.00 6emw 6cog 6eq G6cub 6ewl 6exi 6ezh 6ddy 6ddq 6dev s — ~~) — made to order. 6dfp 6dgv 6dhs 6dlh 6dqn 6dum Gea 6ec 6ed = ( vow envery 6hj 6hm 6jn 6ju 6ps 6tj-6to 6vf 6zf Tafo Taij 5. ¥. Roongy. 0 suman Tef Tek 7fh 7ej Tip Sit Tvf 7vq 900 oh-6bhl oh-6boe a oh-6dki oh-6dns oh-6dv oh-6xk ae-lhh ei-lay oa-2dy h —-— R2 Say You Saw It In QS T—It Identifies You and Helps QST

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lasy 2dr 9etd -lbr as- Siw jaai jasy bow Bcsj \dfo 6ek 8gz enp oh- lew -4ft ion, any cje Ags yhx ofa aal 3cf isq clp SO Cr 4 o'o"'a Instrument Over sistance of 1000 ohms per volt. new descriptive circular No. 2002 gives for a copy. Look This NEW Service After you have seen the new Jewell Pattern No. D. C. Radio Set Analyzer, you will agree that it has desirable features not found in similar instruments now available—features that improve and increase its value in the servicing of radio sets and equipment. It is entirely new—designed to meet the present up-to-date service demands, with additional features that anticipate future requirements. Some of the features which mark it as distinctly advanced in design are: A new 5 prong plug arrangement, simple push button Pattern No. 199 switches for making tests, provision for an accurate tube test, a new cathode voltage test,—all of which are distinct Jewell accomplishments and worthy contributions to the advancement of radio. The two instruments, one an A. C. and the other a D. C., have the following ranges: 0-4-8-16-160 A. C. Volts and 0-7.5-75-300-600 D. C. Volts and 0-15-150 Milliamperes. All ranges are brought out to binding posts and special leads are provided for continuity tests. All D. C. voltage ranges have a re- 199 A. C. and The instrument case measures 9% x 115% x 3% inches and is covered with genuine Morocco leather. The complete set weighs 744 pounds and is equipped with a handy carrying handle. complete details of its special features. Write Jewell Electrical Instrument Co. 1650 Walnut St., Chicago “28 YEARS MAKING GooonD INSTRUMENTS” BECOME A RADIO OPERATOR See the World. Earn a Good Income. Duties Light and Fascinating. LEARNIN THE SECOND PORT U.S.A. Radio Inspector located here. New Orleans supplies opera- tors for the various Gulf ports. Most logical location in the U.S.A. to come to for training Nearly 100% of radio operators graduating on the Gulf during the past five years trained by Mr. Clemmons, Supervisor of Instruction Start training now for summer and fall runs Member of the ARR.L—Call “5 G R” Day and Night Classes—Enroll anytime—Write for cir- GULF RADIO SCHOOL $44 Howard Ave. New Orleans, La. 2-Button Broadcast Type Microphone $15.00 Can be used with or without amplication. Operates on 5 to 15 mills per button. Standard broadcast micro- phones. Extra heavy—latest features —large buttons. Solid back— Unconditionally guaranteed. PRICE $60.00 Condenser microphones— No hiss—No blasting—requires no repairs or adjustments. Fine characteristics. PRICE $200.00 Send for Catalogue. Guaranteed microphone repairs. 48 hour service UNIVERSAL MICROPHONE COMPANY Chamber of Commerce Bldg. INGLEWOOD, CALIF. FORESIGHT Says: Standard Apparatus for best results! SIGNAL PRACTICE SETS Key & buzzer BOR saccesss Gane Signal Buz- Me sseuu — a Neon Bulbs G.E. ...... cdenxea: ae No. 12 Enamel Aerial Wire per .. SS oar ee rear 90c Bakelite cut to size, per sq. inch .. 02c Bradleystats for 210 tubes ...... 2.95 R.E.L. 852 Sockets ......... eres Thordarson Fil. Trans. 7% Volt ot SS a et See orn er 6.35 Thordarson 2098-550 Volt each side plus 2-7% Volts fil. Windings ..13.95 Acme 200 Watt 550-750 Volt each side plus 2 fil. windings ...... $16.75 Complete line of Ward Leonard ap- paratus. 5000 Ohm C.T. 44 Watt ..... s coe SLO Free Short Wave catalogue will be mailed upon request. All Mail Orders promptly filled upon receipt of Money Order including postage. WIRELESS EGERT 179 GREENWICH ST. NEW YORK CITY Say You Saw It In QS T—It Identifies You and Helps QS T

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Announcement meet the demands of those who vitreous coated resistor, ck, Field, Inc., announces the a complete line of this type on to the regular line of spe- cessed cement coated re- us enamel coated resistors supplied in a wide range of | carry the usual Har-field of accuracy and dependa- not have the privilege of ” in your resistor problems tting samples made to your necds? HARDWICK, FIELD, INC. SALES OFFICE FACTORY genwich $ 215 Emmett $t. New York City Wowark, WN. J. The Ideal “Mike” for any purpose, broadcast or ama- teur hone, public address systems, etc. Two button re aphragm type, priced at only $40.00. Split phone Transformer, $10.00. A New Standoff Insulator No. 20 is already used by thousands of Hams. 214 inches high, price 20c. No. 60, the new one, is similar, but 434 inches high and with ribbed surface Splendid for high voltages, lead-in bushings, supporting antenna and ground lead, etc. Price 60c. E. F. JOHNSON CO., Waseca, Minnesota former. 5 kw 500 cycle type E 13 catalogue r ts 220. sec. volts 12,500 for $20.00; U. 8S . Wave Receiver, type CF. 83, range 1000-10,000 ' r DeForest Tel. & Tel. Co. Up to date set. I } ( Tickler regeneration. Detector not i abinet Condition O.K. but used for $25.00; W Inst. Co. Ammeter scale 0-150 amps. Inter r nch face, zero center for $15.00; Largest stock f Radio Transmitting and Receiving material in t tamp for our new and latest reduced price ywhere WEIL’S CURIOSITY SHOP, 20 South lelphia, Pa Say You Saw It In QS T— It Identifies You and Helps QST oa-2ig oa-2sh oa-2yj oa-3do oa-3wm oa-4lj oa-4rb oa- 5by oa-5aw oa-5hg oa-5wa oa-7Tew oz-lad oz-Irn oz-2be oz-2bp oz-2bx oz-3ar oz-3az oz-4am od-lad od-lao od- 4ar ne-5aw ne-5gf sb-2aj sb-2as sb-snm sc-2as_ sc- 9te su-laj su-loa su-2bt xep-lma. eb-4KD, A _ Blancquaert, 20 Rome St., Loreren, Belgium lamu lIbk lia Icpl lasr Ino ladb Imk lape 2azk 2bly 2cxl 2bjq 2acd 2atx 2ble 2cjd Zarb 2dg 2anh 2bdq 2brh 2bhr 2azu 3na 3wm 3aio 3sh 3aef 3ir 4dac 4acv 4ef 50a 6Gapw S8axa Scpd Sawu 8bbs sb-lay sb- law sb-lay sb-lax nq-5ca fe-egez. 1BUX, D. H. Borden, Touisset, Mass. (20 meters) eb-4aa eb-4dau eb-4cb eb-4rs eb-4uu ec-lab ec-2yd ed-7bb ed-7jo ed-7zg ee-ar65 ef-Saro ef-8bf ef-8btr ef-8cp ef-8ct ef-8dmf ef-Seo ef-8fd ef-8fr ef-8grg ef-Ship ef-8ho ef-8hz ef-8jr ef-8lx ef-80rm_ ef-S8ycc eg-2a0 eg-2ax eg-2bm eg-2jp 2g-2ju eg-2kf eg-2ms eg-2nh eg-2nm eg-2od eg-2se eg-2vqeg-2xv eg-5ad eg-5at eg-5br eg-5by eg-5fs eg-5kl eg-5ma eg-5ml eg-5mo eg-5ms eg-5qv eg-5skeg-5uo eg-5uw eg-5vleg-5wk eg-5yg eg-5yx eg-6bd eg-6by eg-6cr eg-6dr eg-6g¢z eg-6hp eg-6ht eg-6oh eg-600 eg-6pi eg-6qb eg-6rb eg-6rw eg- 6td eg-6uf eg-6ut eg-6vj eg-6vo eg-6vp eg-6wd eg- 6wl eg-6wy eg-6yq eg-bvj gi-2it gi-6mu ei-lau ei-1bs ei-ldv ei-lfp ei-lgl ei-lgw ei-lkz ej-7dd ek-4jk ek- 4jl el-lalg em-smuk em-smus em-smuv em-smzf en- orz en-ovn en-owim eo-l7c eo-18b ep-laa_ ep-lae ep-lby es-2nx fm-tun2 fo-a3z fo-a8p na-7adg na-7mn na-7nr np-4ja np-4sa np-4xk nq-2kp nq-2mv nq-5nb oa-2hm oa-2jy oa-2mh oa-2sh oa-2ss oa-2uk oa-2yi oa-3bk oa-3cep oa-3de oa-3gr oa-3hl oa-3jc oa-3kr oa- 3my oa-3ta oaa-3wq oa-3xo oa-4fk oa-4]j oa-5by oa- 5by oa-5dx oa-5hg oa-7lj oz-lam oz-lao oz-lfe sb-laa sb-lah sb-lib sb-2ar sb-pob sc-2ac sc-3ac sc-3ar se- 3cj anf-fzs xnu-kdwu Ico oib peh rje rkv tve xnu- wsq wnp. (40 meters) ea-kl eb-4ar eb-4au eb-4bv eb-4bu eb-4cb eb-4ck eb-4di eb-4dx eb-4fp eb-4ft eb-4ic eb-4rk eb-4wx ec- aa2 ed-7ly ee-arl0 ee-ar28 ee-arf7 ef-S8aro ef-S8axq ef-8btr ef-S8cp ef-8eo ef-Sest ef-Sez ef-8fc ef-8fd ef- Sfiz ef-8fr ef-8grg ef-Sgyd ef-Ship ef-8hz ef-8ix ef- Ric ef-8jcb ef-8jf ef-8jt ef-Skv ef-Sik ef-8hx ef-80rm ef-Sssy ef-Svvd ef-8vu ef-8wb ef-8wz ef-8wz ef-8zb ef-8zex ef-8fnb eg-2lz eg-5up eg-5uw eg-5yx eg-6bd eg-6rm eg-6td eg-6yj eg-6yq eg-bvj gi-6mu _ ei-las ei-lau ei-lay ei-lbs ei-lce ei-ler ei-lde ei-ldy ei-let ei-lfp ei-lge ei-lt ei-lmg ei-lza ej-7dd ek-rau ek- 4dbs ek-40a ek-4uah ek-4uai_ ek-4uf ek-4yo em-smtn em- smua em-smuf em-smuk em-smus em-smuv ep-lae ep-1bl ep-lbx ep-lcf es-2nm_ es-4nb et-tpai et-tpmn fa- Shpm fil-lab fn-law fo-a7d fq-pm fq-8hpg fq-ocya nb-be3 nj-2pa nm-1!l nm-Iirz nm-9a nm-xc5l nn-Inic np-4ap nq-2ac nq-2cf nq-2iq nq-2jt nq-2kpnq-2ro nq-5by nq-5ex nq-5fl nq-5nin nq-7ef nr-cto nr-2ags oa-2bv oa-2dy oa-2fp oa-2hm oa-2jw oa-2lg oa-2mh oa-2ms ea-2ns oa-2rb oa-2rt oa-2rv oa-2sh oa-2tm oa-2yi oa-2yj oa-3al oa-3bd oa-3bk oa-3cp oa-3ew oa-3gt oa-3hr oa-3jj oa-3jk oa-3jo oa-3kw oa-3le oa-3lp oa-3ls oa-3my oa-30d oa-3pj oa-3px oa-3tm oa-3ut oa-3vp oa-3wh oa-3wm oa-3xo oa-3xo oa-4ab oa-4bd oa-4go0 oa-4ph oa-4rb oa-4wa oa-5bw oa-5bx oa-5by oa-5dx oa-5hg oa-5jc oa-5jh oa-ibmb oa-5mr oa-5qp oa-5sl oa-5wa oa-5wh oa-5xg oa-6mu oa-7dx oa-71j oz-2ab oz-2be oz-aw oz-3au oz-3az oz-4am oz- 4av sa-de3 sa-dq4 sa-fc6 sb-lah sb-laj sb-lal sb-lao sb-laq sb-las sb-law sb-lbg sb-lbo sb-lca_ sb-Icg sb-lcj sb-lem sb-lid sb-2ab sb-2af sb-2ag sb-2ah sb- 2as sb-2id sb-2ig sb-2ih sb-5aa sb-5bf sb-7ab sb-snni sce-lai sc-2ab sc-2as sc-3bd sk-2ah sj-3bx su-loa su- lIpe ardi. oa-3AB, J. W. Leonard, 18 Love St., Black Rock, Victoria, Australia (Heard during March on 40 meters) lemf 2ase 2ayj 2mb 3au 4sj 5at Saci 5bj 5ja 5mx 5qx 5Sre Gadd Gavj 6avl 6Gakw 6am Gard 6alz 6bh! 6boy 6bzn 6bfp 6bze Gbnh 6ezm 6ezk 6ch 6dow 6dkx 6dko 6dhq 6ea 6fs 6wn 6ya Taax Tafo Tek Tit Tpv 7qu 8avs S8bau S8eczr 8did 8gz 8vn Yavp 9aok Y9aeu 9asc 9adq Yacf Yaeo 9bez Sbyc Sblu 9ck Ycia Y9chaq 9cjh 9che Yenp 9dng Yeob Yeul Off 9zv Yin 9uu oh- 6adh oh-6alm oh-6boe oh-6clj oh-6dud oh-6dje oh-6xk ac-2ck ac-8na aj-lsk aj-lgs xop-ldr op-lad op-lew op--lqd op-Ire oo-laj oo-bam oo-dgk ne-5az ne-5co eg-20d eg-gfa eb-4be eb-4ft eb-4wx ef-8cp ef-8fr ef-

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3 *PULOT brings the latest in RADIO | within reach of all! RESEARCH laboratory _ sur- Loreren, pe 2azk , A, ~ passed by few, manned by engi- ac P . r ‘lay sb- neers who’ve grown up in radio, backed by a factory with unexcelled “*PUOTS "FLYING Las“ mechanical equipment—these are a few of the reasons for Pilot quality, — Equipped with Pilot Short-Wave Radio : sat i i aan Apparatus, the Pilot Airplane Radio Pilot precision and Pilot engi- ef-8grg Laboratory will be the first airplane neering |eadership. ef-8yce radio station to communicate with . : eg-2ms amateur experimenters. This is the Volume production permits d eg-5at Pilot Company's contribution to the manufacturing economies which eg-5mo development of a communication sys- are reflected in the popular ‘ eg-5yg tem which promises to be a great aid prices of all Pilot Radio Parts. ae to the safety of air travel, enabling irw eg- pilots to receive weather reports, fog Send 4c Stamp for Catalog _ ie and storm warnings while flying. el- 4 jk ek- izf en- “PULOT RADIO PARTS ARE ep-lae ee eee ee ee ee onan RADIOS BIGGEST 25+ VALUE! I LD IN EVERY CVs One of the set of five PILOT os * | COUNTRY IN THE WORLD! Sid SIN *varts Sores xP O8- “RADIO DESIGN.” a Quarterly Magazine edited by ] Handles Each Designating Wave by oa- M. B. Sleeper, national radio authority, is brimming sb-laa over with the newest and latest Short Wave, A.C. | ar se- Data, Power Amplification, latest Television Develop- ] > xnU- ment, ete Send 25c stamps or coin for four meaty , quarterly issues. l Name ° TUTTI TIT T TTT T Te eb-4ck AGGTOSE 2 nc cccccccccccccccccce: ccccccsceesesesessce VX eC- i i ean al a i i Sill ee dl i a a a f-Saxq EEE — fd ef- ix ef- '-8orm ef-8zb To Our Readers Who Are Not A. R. R. L. Members pg-6bd a ‘ ei-las Wouldn’t you like to become a member of the American Radio Relay League? i-le r . 6: ° . . * ° - ° & . ae We need you in this big organization of radio amateurs, the only amateur association on aes that does things. From your reading of QST you have gained a knowledge of the ep-Ibl nature of the League and what it does, and you have read its purposes as set forth on 1 a... page 6 of every issue. We would like to have you become a full-fledged member and —( y ° . . . ee add your strength to ours in the things we are undertaking for Amateur Radio, and q-5by incidentally you will have the membership edition of QST delivered at your door each a-2bv month. A convenient application form is printed below—clip it out and mail it today. A-cms a-2tm a-3ew ya-3le POET TET Te — American Radio Relay League, ihe Hartford, Conn., U.S. A. ; os -5mr Being genuinely interested in Amateur Radio, I hereby apply for membership in a~7dx the American Radio Relay League, and enclose $2.50 ($3 in foreign countries) in pay- belao ment of one year’s dues. This entitles me to recive QST for the same period. Please b-leg ) sb- Ree er RTI WE TD: on kiickncccenecsccdssacuus ‘~iaecorcenens issue. Mail “snni my Certificate of Membership and send QST to the following name and address. = . p 4 eeeeeeeeeeeeeeveeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee tock, —— ee PPPCPePeTTeTTTTTT eT ere TCT TTT TTT Te TTT eT TT 6bh! (= Grade Operater’s license, If GRY cccccccccccccccececceseeendcesoccoscccccsccoceesse pV Jaeu ° ° Icha Radio Clubs of which a member ..cccccccccccccccccccccscccccecoccesecesocccecese oh- Do you know a friend who is also interested in Amateur Radio, whose name you might oem give us so we may send him a sample copy of QST? -5co ef- Pere snack acuuiaiea eats oa e a ekkg ins. a ree eee inentetsetsene ae In QS T—It Identifies You and Helps QST Say You Saw It

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FROST RADIO FROST- RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST: | FROST-RADIO New Data Book Now —, t-Radio 16 Book, just off ready for ‘ontains a gr f valuable in- for regarding cir- iso technical variable filter con- We have ke this a authoritative terest to every r copy today, tage and mailing. Also con- mation on the new Frost-Radio reader of QST. inclosing Me to HERBERT H. FROST, INC. Main Office and Factory Elkhert, Indiana 1so0uj O1avil-1sous Cray .isoMd Orava -isous Ciavi-1souJ O1ava-.soud Chi New York City eS SS SSeS eS SC SC eC SF SF eS eS ee ae ee ee Se Se See HERBERT H. FROST. Ine. 160 N Salle Street, Chicago . S return mail your NEW 16-page Data Book State..... FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO FROST-RADIO Model *N’ Vario De Pep Up Your Set With X-L Products Tune aqui adjust accurately—eliminate distract- ing noise t correct tube oscillation--with X-L VARIO DENSERS in your circuit. | y Designers '! latest and best circuits specify and endorse MODEL N r adjustment easily made, assures exact t radio frequency circuits, Neutrodyne Robs ne-Drake, Silver's Knockout. Capacity range Price $1.00, MODEL t per grid capacity on Cockaday cir- t e fre quency tuning in super-heterodyne ond t . l ets oo rang M 0001 Mfd. Model G Mid. Model G-10 .0003 t O1 } each with grid clips $1.50. X-L PUSH T—NEW Bakel ite Insulated. Push r mb, insert wire ly held Vibra ' instantly. Price each | FREE—> k of wiring dia- gr X-I nits in all pop- slar } G vin Aperiodic De- tector to any sot; aGts 8 X-L, PUSH stage r yntrols Write POST X-L. RADIO LABORATORIES, Dept. DP, 1224 Gelmont Ave., Chicago, HUlinois ATIONAL t r Precision Dial Type N. A Solid Ger- mar al with the original Velvet Vernier Mechar a real vernier reading to 1/J0 of a divisior al for short-wave wor nd for Amateur's Bulletin 127 NATIONAL CO., INC., MALDEN, MASS. Say You Saw It In QS T—It Identifies You and Helps QST 8fe ef-8fd ef-8la oz-lan oz-laa oz-lab oz-lal oz-lat oz-lai oz-2aa oz-2ab oz-2aw oz-2ae oz-lfe oz-lfu oz-2be oz-2bf oz-2bp oz-2bd oz-2bu oz-3ar oz-3aj oz- 3aw oz-4am oz-4ae oz-4ac. ei-IDY, A. Ancilotto, Treviso, Italy (Heard between Jan. and March) laba ladm laep laft lafx las law lara lasf lale lahv lakd lazt larv lals laxa lage lalb lasy laom lawe 1lbk lbw lIbhs lbkp lbed lbms Ico led lex lcax lenz leaa Iicpb Ichr ldi lgh 1lij lmo Imr lod Ipe lqv iry lvy lvw lvs lwv lye 2add 2afx 2ass 2apq 2avw 2anx 2box 2bfj 2bm 2bek 2bx 2bui 2baz 2bir 2dp 2ge 2fn 2gw 2he 2mpo 2mt 2md 2pso 2tp 2v!l 2vy 3ag 3anv 3ape 3ans 3akw 3bmec 3buv 3bqq 3bms 3ckj 3nr 3pf 3ps 3qe 3sz 3ts 4oc 4ft 4nl 5rd Ssh Sadg Savp Sayu S8box 8bgh 8bhs 8ben 8bbs 8cns 8crz 8ded 8dsi 8don Sdmt 8li 9arn Said Y9alz 9cn 9dbj 9fbx 9rp nr-2fg nr-2ags ne-lam ne-lar ne-lak nm-lg nm- 9a nq-2cf nq-2jt nq-2ro nq-5by af-lb ag-rann ag- 67ra ai-2kx ai-2kw ai-2kt as-llra as-ra03 as-19ra as- 69ra sa-osa aq-llm aq-lds aj-jhbb fe-egez fe-les fe-lac fe-gm fm-8ssr fm-8jo fo-a90 fo-a9!l fo-lsr fo-a4f sb- lah sb-las sb-lak sb-law sb-lca sb-lem sb-Ick sb- lbg sb-lid sb-2ag sb-2az sb-2id sc-2as sc-2ar su-loa su-lbr oa-3vp oa-30t oa-4db oa-5by oa-5hg oa-7ch oz- lap oz-lfe oz-lbd oz-lfb oz-2bp oz-2bx oz-2xa oz-3ai oz-3az oz-3au oz-3ar oz-4aam oz-4aa wnp. Cpl. Edward J. Day, cpr. WUCG, Hdars. Battery Ist C.A., Fort de Lesseps, C. Z. lae lag lbed lcep 1lii Imo Imv law 1b! lado lah lapp lom I1br Ichge Ixe leo lIbnh Ixv lawe Iicax laac Isz Ilka laao larn Iry std led Inv lape lex lbke lzz lgw laxp Ibgt Icpj Inic lage lack Iicpb 2bq 2afr 2ag 2bad 2bfv 2cbr 2cvj 2f~g 2gw 2mu 2af 2tp 2far 2bbx 2ern 2bec Zang 2vt 2cei 2qu 2xam 2baa 2xad 2xaf 2xb 2awq 2xs 2xr 2afx 2mg 2xbe 2mk 2tp 2bae 2sb 2gp 2api 2bdf 2chb 2bge 2ff 2atx 2ch 2afx 2my 2bxr 3anm 2avb 3adi 3bjy 3pf 3cc 3sz 3fe 3afb 3aks 3aim 3cge 3ben 3alq 3aib 3ld 3akv 3ke 3afp 3lz 3ee 3aom 3ec 4af 4ap 4iq 4nq 4tk 4ax 4uo 4ff 4pd 4oo 4rm 4pz 4nl 4b] 4ld 4km 4jg 4rf 4aa 4acy 5ct 5ds 5g¢q 50k 5ud 5hd 5bf Sry 5zav bac bch 5ma 5fg 5yd 5Samw 5kp 5pt Spr 5¢m S5bacl Gahn 6baj 6tx 6vp 6cve 6xi 6cex 6ard 80q Sadg Sadm Saxa Sarx 8xk Sasf Sbaf Scft Scug S8cfr 8dpo 8be 8vj S8bto 8ajo Slt Scil 9dng Scug Y9csm Yev Yest Yer Ydjh Yafz Yepp 9hx 9drd 9etv 9fac 9cfz Yavl Y9cej Ybeq Yala Yaue 9afm 9ark 9ez Yet Yam ne-3ce ne-3dg ne-Irnh nr- 2fg nr-2ags nr-2ea nq-2cf nq-5fl nq-6kw nq-2iq ne- ca eg-5hs eg-5sw eg-giq eg-g1!l eg-6cr eg-glh eg-2xv np-4sa ef-8vu ef-fw ef-8jf ef-8fr eb-lfw eb-4bd ei-ldy ei-irl ei-inv oz-4am oz-2xr oz-4av oz-3am oz-2bp oa- 3lo em-smuf. Central Division Convention (Michigan Section) HE Michigan State, Central Division Convention was held at the Hotel Olds at Lansing on April 27 and 28, and if all small conventions are like this one, this particular member of Headquar- ters staff craves to be sent exclusively to small conventions. Things started on time—so much so that Director Darr, Doc Witter, Al Fuller and the writer, who drove up from Detroit and arrived at 2:15 Friday instead of 2:00, found themselves out of luck for the offi- cial opening and the trip to the telephone and telegraph companies. However, we located some hams in a similar predicament and spent a thoroughly enjoyable afternoon in that most pleasant diversion—chewing the rag informally with similarly-minded fellow-amateurs. At the evening smoker, Prof. B. K. Os- born led off with a masterly talk on distor- tionless amplification, and an explanation of the differences between static and dyna- mic characteristics of vacuum tubes—good Brac abso less 2000 sist spec Signa’ Code Belde Myer: Am mol $13 wat nev wal neu Sig an te! H th or

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aS- :b- oa z= jai '‘eoUS WFWAS receptacles; -06 sizes 300—-600—900—1200 and 2000 ohm , $15. Imported German head sets; very sensitive $8 Signal Corp adjustable arm micro-transmitter for panel mounting $9. Dubilier condenser, 4mfd; 600 v. D. C. working type

Thordarson Power Transformers _ 903; limited quantity R.E.L. Transmitting Inductances,per set, Bristol 50 Henry choke 3.45 Honeycomb Coils unmounted, all sizes in stock at % price

Baidwin phones type C, pair 5. 95

Ward Leonard Resistance $4.75 list-6% inch long—800- 1000 -1200 -3000 -6000 -8000- 11000 ohms; can be used for 2-50 watt tubes or less, $1.48

$18 list—T-126, cap. 450 by General Electric Co., watt, secondary each side of type G.10, standard base neutral 1000 and 1500 volts, 101 uses as illustrated $13.95 , 27 May in Q§ May issue page $30 list—T-127, cap 900 7 QST May issue a watt, secondary each side of | Jf ~ “"""""°°*°"" :

$13. list—T-125, cap 100 r y watt, secondary each side of 6.50 Acme .0005 enclosed condenser neutral 350 and 550 volts, $9.85 Neon Glow Lamps, made Flechtheim Condensers,

all types 35% off list Acme C. W. 30 Henry Choke $18 list—150 M.A. single,

$14.40, also other sizes at special prices. General Radio No. 358 Short Wave Meter. 14 to 225 Pyrex Low-loss V.T. sockets, each 39c.

neutral 1000 and 1500 volts,

29.50 MAIL ORDERS FILLED SAME DAY 10% Must Accompany All Orders meters, list $22, special $17.80

DODGE RADIO SHORTKUT With Appendix and Hints for Better Key Work. Fixes Signals in mind to stick—Kills Hesitation, Cultivates Speed and Good Fist—Produces Results. Slow Hams raise speed to 25 per in few evenings. Previous Failures qualify and pass exam quickly. Beginners master code and pass in ten days. DODGE HIGH SPEED METHOD (Intensive Speed Practice) Quickly puts 25 per Hams in 35-40 per class. Five Hams report made this gain in few evenings. One them by 75 minutes total practice only. DODGE MORSE SHORTKUT Easily mastered by Radio Ops—Kills tendency to mixup or confusion. Either code used as desired. REPORTS FROM USERS Tell the complete story—Mailed on request. Radio $3.50 High Speed $2.50 Morse $2.50. Money order. None C. O. D. Foreign add 50 cents. Cc. K. DODGE, MAMARONECK, NEW YORK.

—y

PACENT DUO-LATERAL COILS OR laboratories, experimenters, engineers and for special circuits, Pacent Duo-Lateral Coils are the accepted standard. A complete line of all standard turn ratios are always in stock.

Write for information and prices

PacentElectric Co., Inc.

91 SeventhAvenue, New York

AMATEURS The Most Interesting Field for Experimenters. Light Sensitive Cells AND... Their Applications PHOTO ELECTRIC CELLS have been used in Television, Telepho- tography, Talking Movies and innumer- able uses with:— RADIO RELAYS Our special polarized relay, a result of long research for a practical relay to be used with—Light Sensitive Cells—also used in connection with telegraph-print- ers, receiving time-signals and many ap- plications in radio. Write for further information:— Photo Electric Devices, Inc., 594 Fifth Avenue Brooklyn, N. Y.

Say You Saw It In QS T—Kt [entifies You and Helps QST

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sew CHI-RAD Short Wave Coils 20—40—80 Meter Band } De Chi-Rad engineers to meet the de- | mar extremely efficient short wave coil. | Cor th mounting, hardware and three int plug-in coils to cover 20, 40 and 80 1 bands. These coils are noteworthy nience in design, neatness in ap- ne turdiness in construction. All contact. 10rt Wave Coils Complete for 20, 40 is : ve i BOE iccuwenes net price $7.50 r broadcast band ... net price $2.45 further D 1 Set-builders—write for ounts. CHICAGO RADIO APPARATUS CO. 415 Dearborn St. Chicago, Ill. Electro-Bug, Jr., $12.50 A full size, highest classinstrument. Special introduc- tory terme—half with order, half in 30 days. Five-day trial, money refunded if not satisfactory. SPECIAL WIRE SS MODEL $17.00. 3%" silver contacts, extra ord, will work any hook up. Same terms and g tee of satisfaction as Junior. ELECTRO MFG. CO., 443 Stevenson St., San Francisco, Calif. ROBERT S. KRUSE Consultant and Technical Writer adowbrook Road, Hartford, Conn. Telephone Hartford 45327 103 M West dope for any amateur. Following this R. H. G. Mathews, of 9ZN fame, and Lt. L. T. Hayes spoke so eloquently on the Naval Reserve that 25 fellows signified a desire to join. In which connection it might be mentioned that Matty, not to be outdone, wired for a Navy doc to be present Satur- day, and at that time 20 fellows were duly examined and sworn in. This is a record to be proud of! Spirited con- tests and some fine movies wound up the formal evening session, but general ‘ham- ming’ in the lecture room and various of the hotel rooms kept up far, far into the night. Saturday morning was taken up with a fine traffic session and remarks on 1929 by Director Darr, followed by a cleverly- done humorous argument between L. V. Wells and Dr. Woodruff, Director of the Atlantic Division, on the hoary subject of power factor. Remember it? After lunch occurred one of the finest technical sessions it has ever been the pleasure of this writer to attend. Good, solid amateur dope from start to finish. The talks of Mr. Marburger, of Kalamazoo Teachers’ College, and Mr. Pancost, 8ZF, were so good that we hope to get them for QST. Budlong, from League Hq, spoke on 1929 receivers and ten meters, and Director Woodruff finished with a splendid discus- sion of amateur transmitter and receiver problems, with demonstrations of the appa- ratus he talked about. One hundred amateurs—some of them yl’s—crowded the hall for the banquet that night, with Matty acting as toastmaster. Short speeches were followed by the dis- tribution of prizes won in the various con- tests and drawings for others. To say that excitement ran high during this part of the convention is putting it very mildly indeed. Eventually, the last speech was made and the last prize awarded and the convention was officially over. The committee that put it over can be proud of themselves— we hope we get out to the Michigan con- vention next year. A. L, B. resistors and condensers that are Built Better — to endure. Write for The Research Worker. A free monthly publication. AEROVOX WIRELESS CORPORATION 68 Washington Street Brooklyn, N. Y. Say You Saw It In QS T— It Identifies You and Helps QST RADIO OPERATORS WANTED THE EASTERN RADIO INSTITUTE can train you quickly and thoroughly because: MODERN AND EFFICIENT METHODS THOROUGH INSTRUCTION under staff of LICENSED COMMERCIAL OPERATORS MODERN APPARATUS including SHORT WAVE TRANSMITTER FIFTEEN years a RADIO SCHOOL THE OLDEST, LARGEST and MOST SUCCESSFUL school in New England. RECOMMENDED BY THE A. R. R. L. Day or Evening Classes Start Every Monday. SPECIAL CODE CLASSES Write for Illustrated Prospectus EASTERN RADIO INSTITUTE 899 BOYLSTON STREET BOSTON, MASS. | omme S]/ ff ne we i | | ee l> wavo

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This -on- the am- ; of the ha 929 rly- the of lest the od, The ZOO ZF, for tor us- ver Da- em iat er. is- yn- iat he ad. nd on at n- ‘UL THE Have you a ‘Back Copy’ file? If not you should have, for reference is continually being made in QST articles to previous issues All 1925 copies (except January) - - $2.50 All 1926 copies - - - - - - 2.50 All1927 copies - - - - - - 2.50 All Three Years for $5.00, a saving of $2.50 if all three years are ordered. If you do not want all copies, state which years are wanted. Any Individual Copy - - 25c Binders to keep these files in order - - $1.50 each Will hold 12 issues of QST and does not mutilate the copies. QST 1711 Park Street Hartford, Conn. —————— = — —— = JACOBS ANTENNA SPREADER Made in Both 5 in. and 7 in. diameter . pent trey yy Where are your six oR FR copies of QST for terpoise construction is required. Price . $6.00 per dozen: $3.25 for a half dozen. this year? CHARLES F. JACOBS, (2EM) B70 Park Place, Grookiyn, N. ¥. Certainly you need a binder for your ——————— 1928 copies as issued— Learn Radio Operating Day and evening classes. Full or part time employment service. Write for details. Radio Dept. O ne- FEDERAL RAILWAY INSTITUTE 517-25 Wells St. Seaeeneiianeiins Milwaukee, Wis. fifty DON’T LOSE each, A minute of full band operation Get ready now You'll ed that sharp, cutting, distinctive note that will make @ oa bon ‘and on “oad giedden sour heart when ae post listen in afte. a call. Only a mercury are rectifier will do it Use your vacation time to improve yc Station o s loaf oan on oan veut nead off next na We're ‘with paid you. Write now and your rectifier problems are solved RECTIFIER ENGINEERING SERVICE . 4837 Rockwood Road, Radio 8ML Cleveland, Onfo. Note the wire fasteners Unnecessary to mutilate copies. Opens and lies flat in any position. Freshman Power Transformers A binder will keep your QSTs always Complete Power Supply for 210 Transmitter or together S a ' future use. Power Amplifier. Supplies Plate Voltage of 375 And it’s a good-looking binder, too. Volts, Filament Voltages of 7)volts (Center tap- T ped) for 210 and 281 tubes, also “C” Bias for 210. S oo Sool 1711 Park St., Hartford, Conn. AMERICAN SALES CO., 19-21 Warren St., N. Y. City Say You Saw It In QS T—It Identifies You and Helps QST

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Approved Parts (Transformers, Chokes and Condensers) for the New U X No. 250 Power Amplifier Tubes F popular new UX No. 250 P. A. Tube laboratories have perfected a complete wer unit parts. You can assure your- the maximum in performance with the pr Dongan parts, designed specially for use tube No. 7568 - A power e.oply Transformer. _ Astraight power amplifier out- No, i l 77 put transformer. No i ] 76 _ An output transformer, for push ° pull amplification, designed for all types of dynamic speakers. Cor rs and chokes for the complete Filter | Set M facturers and Custom Set Builders. Y re invited to consult the Dongan engineer- ment for any desired information for ular requirements. Production on all s satisfactory deliveries. Dongan Electric Manufacturing Co. 2999-3001 Franklin St., Detroit, Mich. | TRANSFORMERS of MERIT + , FIFTEEN YEARS THE You Can Quickly Become An EXPERT RADIO OPERATOR The Candler System of Training in tigh-Speed Telegraphing Shows How Theo. McElroy. World's Champion Radio Operator, endorses no other system, Read what he says—“‘At the ant of Progress, Chicago, I copied 656 wor minute for 5 minutes, establishing a new radic rd, which I still hold. I owe my Skill, Speed and Steady Nerve both in sending and receiving to ndler System.” What this system has done for M roy and thousands of others—it will do for yo! F R FE FE. Booklet explains system fully. Send for it TO-DAY. A post card will do. Send Now! ANDLER SYSTEM CO., Dept. AR CHICAGO, ILL. dzie Ave., 7 4eStrays FS The other day we received a letter ask- ing if we could furnish the QRA of a short- wave phone station which, in announcing itself, had said something about Bay Toven. ‘And I can’t find it in my Atlas’, the letter stated. No, we had the idea he died some time ago. Amateurs with bookshelves—and there are mighty few without them—will be in- terested in the new catalog ‘Electrical Measuring Instruments’ of the Jewell Elec- trical Instrument Co. The Jewell address, by the way, is 1640-50 Walnut Street, Chicago, Il. 8GI offers a brilliant scheme for operat- ing the transmitter and running across the street at the same time to hear the racket and key clicks on somebody’s BCL receiver. The idea is to connect a ‘flasher’ button in the keying relay circuit, or in series with the high voltage transformer primary if keying is done there. 8GI suggests that the power rating of the button should be taken into consideration when the latter connection is used. The idea of running the Tungar bulb without any filament power, once it has been started, is not a new one admits Hew- son of 2BX-3XM. But it is not generally known, he says, that one cell of the bat- tery to be charged can be used to start the bulb and the necessity of a filament sup- ply therefore avoided. The positive ter- minal of the battery is connected to one filament lead as usual and the negative terminal of the first cell is connected to the other filament lead through a push button. It is hardly necessary to mention that the scheme will not work if the bat- tery has been ‘run flat’. Q@ST OSCILLATING CRYSTALS AMATEUR BANDS That now, our crystals are capable of being used with as high a power tube as the 50 watt size. That we do not claim to grind the CHEAPEST crystals, but we do claim to grind only the best wt W SH TO ANNOUNCE: the cheapest in the long run. ; That we will ship the closest frequency crystal we have to your desired frequency, and that the f y of the crystal will be stated ACCURATE to BETTER THAN A TENTH of 1%. That can be ) Kilocycles 4000 Kilocycles 300 Kilocycles $25.00 $40.00 until November Ist, 1928. c tal is to be mounted in an excellent dust-proof power mounting.) all crystals are absolutely guaranteed regards to output and frequency, and immediate made on crystals in the amateur bands. the various amateur bands are as follows: $15.00 Note: The above prices are effective July 1st, 1928, to be in effect Prices for grinding POWER CRYSTALS to (Add $10.00 to these prices if crys- Broadcast Band—We will grind a crystal for you accurate to plus or minus 500 cycles of your assigned fre- ‘ for $45.00 unmounted, $55.00 mounted. Two day shipment and all crystals guaranteed. ystals ground to any frequency between 40 and 10,000 Kilo-cycles. We will be pleased to quote mn your particular requirement. SCIENTIFIC RADIO SERVICE, “The Crystal Specialists’’ P. O. Box 86, Dept. “Y” Mount Ranier, Maryland Say You Saw It In QS T—lIt Identifies You and Helps QST PUI