QST 1928-04: Vol 12 Iss 4

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en 3 DEVOTED ENTIRELY TO AMATEUR, RADIO PUBLIHED JINCE (915 BY THE AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE INC. MR GENCY EEE ATION oe

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GENERAL RADIO TRANSMITTING CONDENSERS The Type 334-T and V Transmitting conden- sers have double spac- ing for use with volt- ages upto 2000. They are especially adapted for use in short wave transmitters. Plates of both the rotor and stator groups are soldered to- gether to insure perfect electrical contact. Type i-T Transmitting Condenser, acity 100 MMF , ‘ Price $4.25 Type 334-V Transmitting Condenser, »acity 50 MMF . ‘ Price $3.75 INTERCHANGEABLE INDUCTANCE and COUPLING COILS 7 pe 277 Coils are so shaped in the ratio of dia to length, the material so chosen and the const mn such that they have very low losses. Mounting holes are arranged so that the Type 271-P Plues may be inserted and the coils used inte eably in the coil mounting bases. Sup- plied ges from 50 to 600 meters also in an unwW coil form. Priced from 75c to $1.50 TYPE 277 COIL accol to range. meres 271-B Mounting base. . . $1.00 Mounting Base GENERAL RADIO Co nal set builders who are unable to secure General Radio apparatus from al jobbers are reminded that we are prepared to serve them. Write for our latest bulletin No. 925. 30 State St., Cambridge, Mass. 274 Brannan St., San Francisco, Calif.

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VOLUME XV

Additional entry as second-class matter, acceptable at

Editorials ° ° e ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° > ° . 7 Official Wavelength Stations ‘ ° e e e ° ° ° ° e ° 8 Some Investigations of Short Waves at Nijni-Novgorod Wladyslaw W. Grzybowski 9 A.R.R.L. Technical Information Rules ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° 14 Standard Frequency Transmissions from 9XL ‘ rn ‘ © . . . . 14 Low-Power, Flexible Crystal-Control for Four Amateur Bands ° S. P. McMinn 15 The A.R.R.L. Board Meets ‘ ° ‘ ‘ . ° ° . ° ° 21 Notes on the Design of Iron-Core Reactances Which Carry Direct Current D. E. Replogle 23 A Transmitter Without Transformers ° ° ° ° ° ° L. W. Hatry 28 Standard Frequency Transmissions from WWV P . ‘ 28 Designing Fixed Resistors ° . ° ° ° ° e R. C. Hitchcock 29 SDPO . : : ; ° . . ° . . ° . 32 The UX-250—CX-350 Tube : ° ° ° ° ° ° : 36 Keying Master-Oscillator Circuits ° ° e ° ° ° Beverly Dudley 37 Easy Tuning in Short-Wav« sands ° . ° ° ° F. Austin Lidbury 39 Financial Statement : ‘ ‘ ° ° ° e ° 40 A Portable Receiver , , ‘ ‘ ‘ ° ° ° ° James J. Lamb 41 Variable A-, B- and C-Power from D. C. Mains ° ° ° F. I. Anderson 43 Experimenters’ Section Report . . . ° e e ° 44 Communications Department ; r ° ° ° ° ° e ° ° 46 I.A.R.U. News ‘ ‘ . ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° 58 Calls Heard ; ‘ . ‘ tpaid. Single copies, 25 cents. Foreign countrics notin American Postal Union, $3.00 per year, postpaid be by international postal or express money order or bank draft negotiable in the U. S. and for an equivalent amount in U. S. funds. Entered as second-class matter May 29,1919, at the post office at Hartford, Connecticut, under the act of March 8, 1879. Accept- for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 1103, Act of October 3. 1917, authorized s*ecial rate of postage provided for above, at authorized Sevtember 17, 1924. Copyright 1928 by the American Radio Relay League, Ine. Title registered at United States Patent Office. Member of the Radio Magazine Publishers’ Association

QST is published monthly by The American Radio Relay League, Inc., at Hartford, Conn., U. 8. A. ——— NUMBER 4

i Remittances should September 9, 1922. Springfield, Mass.,

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The American Radio Relay League The American Radio Relay League, Inc., is a non-commercial association of radio amateurs, bonded for the promotion of interest in amateur radio communitation and experimentation, for the relay- ing of messages by radio, for the advancement of the radio art and of the public welfare, for the representation of the radio amateur in legislative matters, and for the maintenance of fraternalism and a high standard of conduct. It is an incorporated association without capital stock, chartered under the laws of Connecticut. Its affairs are governed by a Board of Directors, elected every two years by the general membership. The officers are elected or appointed by the Directors. The League is non- commercial and no one commercially engaged in the manufacture, sale or rental of radio apparatus is eligible to membership on its board. _ “Of, by and for the amateur”, it numbers withiri its ranks prac- tically every worth-while amateur in the world and has a history of glorious achievement as the standard-bearer in amateur affairs. Inquiries regarding membership are solicited. A bona fide in- terest in amateur radio is the only essential qualification; ownership of a transmitting station and knowledge of the code are not prere- quisite. Directors President IIRAM PERCY MAXIM Drawer 2102, Hartford, Conn. Dakota Division Cc. M. JANSKY, JR. Dept. of Elec. Eng., U. of M., Minneapolis, Minn. ~ Delta Division BENJ. F. PAINTER 424 Hamilton Nat’l Bank Bldg., Chattanooga, Tenn. Hudson Division DR. LAWRENCE J. DUNN 480 East 19th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Midwest Division PORTER H. QUINBY 817 Lauderman Building, St. Louis, Mo. New England Division DR. ELLIOTT A. WHITE Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. Central Division Northwestern Division _CLYDE E. DARR K. W. WEINGARTEN Hill Ave., Highland Park, 8219 No. 24th St., Detroit, Mich. Tacoma, Wash. Vice-President HARLES H. STEWART St. David’s, Pa. udian General Manager 4. H. K. RUSSELL Mail Bldg., Toronto, Ont. 4% lantic Division EUGENE C. WOODRUFF i W. Fairmount Ave., State College, Pa. Officers President . «© «© «© «© «© « Vice-President . .... . Secretary Treasurer Communications Manager Correspondence should be addressed to the Secretary. Pacific Division ALLEN H. BABCOCK 65 Market St., Southern Pacific Co., San Francisco Roanoke Division W. TREDWAY GRAVELY Box 2465, Danville, Va. Rocky Mountain Division AUL M. SEGAL c/o District Attorney West Side Court Bldg., Denver, Colo. Southeastern Division HARRY F. DOBBS c/o Dobbs & Wey Co., Atlanta, Ga. West Gulf Division FRANK M. CORLETT 2515 Catherine St., Dallas, Tex. H1raM Percy Maxim, Hartford,Conn. Cuas. H. Stewart, St. David’s, Pa. KENNETH B. WARNER, Hartford, Conn. ArtTHUn A. HEBERT, Hartford, Conn. F. Epwarp HaAnpy, Hartford, Conn. lress General Correspondence to Executive Headquarters, Hartford, Conn. ~ in a ho. -// i “lia it. =) a... a. ae —{

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EDITORIALS HE Washington Convention of 1927, embodying the results of the recent international radiotelegraph confer- ence, will offer many grave problems for amateur radio when it becomes effective the first of next year. We have said that amateur radio can find a way to get along satisfactorily under this convention and that in fact the necessity of hitching up our jeans and tackling some really difficult jobs is going to act as a spur to new effort which will put a tremendous zest in the old game. It is now time we set about the solution of some of these problems. Ad- mittedly it won’t be possible to foresee all of them. Some of them can’t be planned for until they crop up next year. But many of them can be foreseen and these we should plan for now, perfecting our arrangements during the balance of 1928 so that we can carry on smoothly next year under the new regulations. The problems are introduced by the operating restrictions of the new conven- tion: the narrowing of amateur bands and the fact that the amateurs of every coun- try will have to operate in the same bands. The difficulties are of two major sorts: technical problems and operating problems. The technical problems are those brought about by the necessity for many thousands of stations operating in the same restricted bands, making it essential that we achieve an altogether different order of stability of frequency, sharpness of wave, goodness of note and precision of adjustment in our transmitters than we have had in the past; an altogether different order of accuracy of reading in our frequency-meters; an altogether different order of selectivity and precision of control in our receivers. These are jobs which should be whipped during 1928, so that we will be ready for the new conditions when they come. They are jobs for QST, and QST is setting about their solution, of which we shall have more to say soon. The difficulties of the other sort are those that we shall still have even after we have vastly improved transmitters and_ re- ceivers: operating difficulties brought about by the fact that we amateurs of every country are put in the same bands. It be- comes necessary to think about the pur- poses for which we should use our various bands and how we may introduce a cer- tain measure of coédperation in their use so as to insure satisfactory communica- tion. The problems of this latter class came in for a lot of heavy thinking at the recent meeting of our A. R. R. L. Board of Directors and finally resulted in the adop- tion of some policies. These are here set forth for the dual purpose of informing the A. R. R. L. membership and of seeking the codperation of the amateurs of all the world. Long-distance international communica- tion is almost the greatest single amateur interest. It is not the most vital amateur activity but it is very important. It must be preserved. With the amateurs of every country assigned the same wavebands, it is apparent that codperation amongst our- selves is imperative if we are to have in- ternational contact. The A. R. R. L. Board is convinced that a friendly division of the international amateur waves is desirable in the interests of international communi- cation and wishes to propose a plan to that end, a plan under which the amateurs of each continent agree, even if assigned the full width of the international bands by their governments, to confine their transmissions to a certain part of the bands and to stay clear of other parts that are used for transmission from other con- tinents. If this is done we shall have in- ternational QSO if we can achieve enough selectivity to work our man through the in- terference of other stations of his continent. If it is not done, international DX will be just about hopeless through the QRM of all the world, including our own continent. Amateurs are human; their observance of any plan will be imperfect, either from technical inability or normal human frailty; but it is our one chance to preserve DX, the one way out, and we must try it. There is another very important angle. Many of the less liberally disposed govern- ments may not assign their amateurs the full width of the amateur international bands but only a fraction thereof. These small assignments, left to the vagaries of governments, could easily be so unrelated as to produce a condition of mutual inter- ference under which the amateurs of two important countries would never be able to achieve communication. On the other hand, with a definite plan to work towards the amateur societies of the world could ask their governments for assignments that at least included the frequencies sug-

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hat country in an international scheme. Hence the added im- porta developing a plan now, so that there 1 be time to take care of this im- portal atter. The rnational amateur bands are the 40-met nd and the 20-meter band. DX possible on the 80-meter band too, hat will be needed for domestic and the A. R. R. L. pro- an of division only for the two bands. It adopts the terri- ision suggested by the I. A. R. U.: |] e, North America, and “the rest of tl ' d”’, and suggests that in both the er and 20-meter bands the * North America work in the long half of the band, the amateurs ( the bottom quarter, and the amat f the rest of the world in the quarter of the band. Let us tabul: and put it in terms of — I 40-1 : 20-meter band North America 14,000-14,200 ke. 7.15 ’ ¥~ world except Europe 14,200-14,300 ke. 7,226 Europe 14,300-14,400 ke. Th not a perfect plan but it is the best tl t has been possible to devise. It does ope, and there is no hope with- out a More elaborate subdivision seem racticable in an initial plan; indicate the desirability and practi ty of modifications that will ; need. It is thought that this plan d eet the major needs of the sit- uatior e amateurs of North America are ntly interested in having good inte | contact to propose to stay out of of the available frequencies OST APRIL, 1928 which certainly should be accepted as fair enough by the amateurs of the other coun- tries when it is realized that North America has three times as many amateurs as the rest of the world combined, The League proposes this plan for the consid- eration of amateurs in other countries and offers, if it is acceptable, to recommend to American amateurs that they keep their transmitters clear of the waves used by other nations, so that international QSO may be possible. The League recommends to the amateurs of the world that the 80-meter band be considered as primarily a national and in- tra-continent band, for what might be called domestic communication, and that it not be the subject of an international agreement. It recommends that the 40- meter and 20-meter bands be considered as primarily for long-distance international work, and that, because of the great con- gestion they will suffer, they be used for intra-continent work only on distances of over 1,500 miles. The League does not suggest that any of these proposals be in- corporated in law or regulation anywhere, but that they be adopted purely as a basis for organized coédperation. In sponsoring this plan the League feels that some friend- ly agreements on the international waves are essential and it believes that the sug- gestions herein related are best calculated to produce the desired results. By this article and by letters which are being writ- ten to national amateur societies it lays this plan before the amateurs of the world as the best and fairest plan it is able to de- vise, earnestly urging its acceptance, and awaiting and soliciting comment and reac- tion from amateurs everywhere. Official Wavelength Stations | Wavelength System fur- T a service coédperative with, but I from, that of the Standard Fre Stations 9XL and 1XM, which are perated in accordance with plans made v the O.W.L.S. Committee. Con- tact v he O.W.L.S. is through Mr, D. 6AM, who is also chairman of the tee. Mr. Wallace is continuing the } of checking up all O.W.L.S. to make that they are really indicating their v ength (or frequency) at the end f nsmission—and are doing so with r accuracy; which is to say 2%. They in the course of regular opera- tion 10ot send calibration schedules as d F’. stations. follows: Th as K. B. W. 1AAC, 1AVW, 1AWW, 1BHW, 1BZQ, 1CCW, 1CK, 1KP, 1ZL, 1Z0O, 2CLA, 2DS, 2MU, 2SZ, 2XI, 3APV, 3BE, 3XW, 4LK, 5AGN, 5AKN, 5EW, 5MN, 50X, 5PH, 5SP, 5XBH, 5ZAV, 6AKW, 6AM, 6BB, 6BCP, 6BGM, 6BMW, 6BQB, 6CAE, 6CMQ, 6CVO, 6LJ, 6QL, 6SX, 6TI, 6TS, 6XAG, 6XAO, 6ZE, 6ZZH, 6ZV, 7TAGI, 7BE, 7BU, 7GQ, TNX, 7QK, "TXF, "7ZX, SAA, 8APZ, 8BAU, SBZT, 8EQ, 8GU, 8GZ, 8X, 8ZG, 9AXQ, 9BCH, 9BGK, 9BMR, 9CPM, 9CXU, 9DXN, 9EFO, 9EGU, 9ELB, 9FF, 91G, nclAE, ne2BE, ne3Co, ne3NI, ne3FC, nc4BT, nce9AL, eg20D, eg2SE, Ireland 5NJ, oa2CM and oz2AC, Crystal Controlled O.W.L.S.; NKF, 1AXA, 2BO, 2BRB, 2EF, 2WC, 4BY, 4XE, 6AOI, 6DLL, 8CMM, 8DAJ, 9AUG, 9BVH, 9UZ-NRRL, 9ZA, eg2NM, eg5LF and oa5BG. Standard Frequency Stations: 1XM and 9XL.

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APRIL, 1928 OST Some Investigations of Short Waves at Nijni-Novgorod By Wladyslaw W. Grzybowski* ARLY in 1925 a series of experiments on short-wave propagation was be- gun with the main objective of clear- ing up the best ratio between funda- mental and working waves of an aerial and in the meantime to try out a trans- mitter using a large power such as 25-50 kilowatts. The theoretical diagram (Fig. 1) shows that the oscillator consisted of two 500- watt valves type G. O. and a 25-kilowatt amplifier valve especially designed for the experiments. The circuit is symmetrical Hartley. Grid leak R,; is connected direct- ly to the center tap on the coil L, and con- sists of leak only without shunting capacity. Condenser C, compensates some asymmetry of the oscillating circuit L:-C; due to both plates of C, being not in the same capacita- tive coupling with the earth. The amplifier is coupled to the points A and B of the coil L,. Re is the grid leak of the amplifier tube. The anode potential of the latter comes from a mercury arc rectifier giving 7000 volts. There are resistors of 100, 300 and 400 ohms in series with the plate supply. ar HEH o———_ oi DIAGRAM OF THE FIRST TEST TRANS- MITTER AT NIJNI-NOVGOROD Two 500-watt type G. O. oscillators working push- pull in a symmetrical Hartley circuit feed the single 25-kilowatt amplifier which is directly coupled to the antenna. Resistances in the 7000-volt plate sup- ply of the amplifier regulate the power output. FIG, 1. Usually the circuit worked with the 100- ohm resistor. For keying, the Klifden’s relay (K) was employed in the plate lead of the power amplifier. A single vertical wire 2% mm. in diameter strung between two poles 95 meters high served as an aerial and with the wavelength 83 meters the Ro-to-R ratio *rlWX c/o State Bank, Nijni-Novgorod, U. S. S. R, was 4.58; at 102 met Ro/R=3.73, and with antenna shortened a little so as to be 78 meters long and A=104 M. it was found that Ro/R=3.00, The antenna current was about 11 A. THE FIRST TEST TRANSMITTER AT _— NOVGOROD CORRESPONDING TO TH DIAGRAM ON FIG. 1 This set worked in the 80- to 100-meter range and established contact with the South America and Australia in 1925. amperes and it was noticed that with an- tenna current larger the wave became un- steady. The intermediate filter circuit consists of condensers C, and C; and the E-F part of the antenna coil. The experiments showed that signals were very steady, easy to read, very stronz and covered the whole globe. For instance. New Foundland reported signals to be much stronger than those of nearby American stations and San Juan (Porto Rico) re- ported signals such as to “deaden” the locals. The experiments proved that the power of the transmitter was more than sufficient to make consistent American-Europe com- munication possible although it was not possible at that time to point out the best ratio of R/Ro at different distances and with different angles of radiation. At the same time it was obvious that in order to obtain regular contact with a distant point over the whole 24 hours of the day the

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nots transmitter must be improved and ave must be something shorter on tl er of 20-30 meters. Finally the mer re rectifier must be changed for ava tiner. Tl innel between Nijni-Novgorod and 7 ent (the latter in Turkestan) has vy traffic and an investigation FIG. 2 HE SECOND NIJNI-NOVGOROD TRANS- MITTER USED IN TESTS TO TASHKENT The « sting cireuit is of the ultraudion variety and con of the tube capacity together with the inductar »f two parallel rods L1 and L2 which are connect xy the adjustable tuning bridge M. This gave a 1ing range from 20.3 to 33 meters. The antenna oltage fed from a point adjustable along the ind: nee L2. This transmitter was used with the antenna shown in Fig. 3 and a wide variety of other antennas as explained in the text. of tl t-wave communication between thes« ecame necessary. Therefore from . 0th to the 23rd of September, 1925, nd series of research work was carr Th nsmitter was hurriedly assem- bled, 1 with a separate oscillator, but B. PORTABLE TRANSMITTER 100 WATTS RAT- ING FED BY 1000 CYCLE A. C. Transm re of this type were furnished to an expedition going to Aldan and one was installed at Nezam using ne copper tube. Fig. 2 shows that tl llating circuit consists of the inter? upacity (plate-grid) and the in- ductan f two parallel copper rods with OST APRIL, 1928 a bridge for tuning. The wavelength range was 20.3-33 meters, Several aerials were tested: (A), vertical wire 2.5 mm. diameter and (A;:) 100 meters, (A:) 25.6 meters, and (A;) 5.1 meters high; (B), 3 stranded wires 140 meters long—aerial of a broadcast station—, (C), An aerial with upper radiation. Fig. 3 shows antenna C. The feeder consists of 2 Lecher wires, an odd number of the quarter wavelengths high and one wire projects ‘%-wavelength higher than the other. This projecting portion serves as a radiator. It was noted that 20-meter signals were heard better during the day than night, 25 meters equally well during the day and night and 30 meters better during the night time. The strength of QRN diminished with shorter waves. Higher aerials proved FIG. 3. ONE TYPE OF ANTENNA USED WITH THE OSCILLATOR OF FIG. 2 This is of the type familiarly known as Zeppelin. The 2 Lecher wires N and P together with the in- ductance L3 and the condensers C3 make up a tuned system which is voltage fed by the jumper between L2 and L3. .Since the parallel part of the Lecher system M-N is 2% wavelengths long and the project- ing part N-P is one-half wavelength long we have a standing half wave on the projecting part. This type seems very desirable. better than lower, e.g., the aerial As (5.1 meters high) was the worst. The verti- cal aerial A; (100 meters high) and the broadcast horizontal (140 meters long) were identical, and the antenna C with upper radiation was decidedly the best. After this, some experiments were made to establish contacts between Nijni-Nov- gorod, Tomsk, Irkutsk (Siberia) and Tashkent (Central Asia). The photo B shows a 150-watt transmitter for an ex- pedition to Aldan. One of this type was also installed at the gold field Nezametny. In October, 1925, all primary arrange- ments of “radio field” (simply an S. W. station near Nijni-Novgorod) were at the end and a third series of investigations was begun. Two transmitters were installed for the waves 23 and 40 meters using the circuit > Ow =—a oc as Lh sin GA ad o

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a eS) =| fete beke

APRIL, 1928

as shown in Fig. 4. Each transmitter con- sisted of a symmetrical oscillator with two 500-watt tubes (type G.O.) and of an amplifier with two tubes of the same type. The power of the oscillator is a little more than necessary; this is to make the wave more stable. Keying is done by detuning the primary circuit. To facilitate the re- ception of the emitted signals to broaden tuning somewhat and to smooth out the +

| | 4002 2002 ‘Ce Vv iL jh Ww " pe t ; 4 [ cc 2 = > ES one Sa oa = u : I LJ Ls Lamp C3 = K “ti- \C j 3s (Gu nterpoise 3 s ; la hil FIG. 4. A LATER TRANSMITTER INSTALLED IN DUPLICATE AT NIJNI-NOVGOROD FOR SERVICE TO TASHKENT ON 23 AND 40 METERS As before, 2 type G.O. 500-watt oscillators are used in a symmetrical Hartley circuit but in this case the frequency is very slightly “wobbled” at a high audio rate by the capacity choppers CC shunted across the tuning inductance L1. The amplifier in this case is also of the push-pull variety, uses two type G.O. tubes, and its output is directly coupled to one of several types of antennas shown in the following. possible changes of the wave, a frequency “variator” is employed. It consists of a cogged wheel rotating between two sta- tionary plates, see photo C and Fig. 4. The antenna is coupled directly to the intermediate (tuned plate) circuit excited by the amplifier. Photo C shows the gen- eral view of the transmitter. The base of the transmitter does not touch the floor but is supported by iron tubes driven down directly into the ground. The construc- tion of such a primitive “private base” for the transmitter is quite necessary for gain- ing stability. In the photograph the fre- quency “variator” is seen in the foreground. The tubes are air-cooled by means of a ventilator. Ordinary incandescent bulbs are inserted in the antenna lead-in as cur- rent indicators. For the 23-meter wave a _ directional phased antenna is generally used. It con- OST

Cc. ONE OF THE TWO TRANSMITTERS _IN- STALLED IN DUPLEX AT “RADIO FIELD”, NIJNI-NOVGOROD FOR 23-AND-40-METER SERV- ICE TO TASHKENT The diagram is shown in Fig. 4. Prominent in the foreground is the capacity chopper.

3 ¢/ z= Bw Eg Bl Bn x x x ~ bed J + =) Laud = Feeders lecher Wires —<i<-=— ++\++ wal — +e +4 oocjeom wires +++ -_——-—=— +++? “<<< +++?+ Auxiliary diagram for tig. § showing that lower ends of all antennas are at an instant at same voltage, therefore in phase. FIG. 5. THE “SYNPHASE” ANTENNA USED WITH THE TRANSMITTER OF FIG. 4 AT 23 METERS The vertical parts are each % wavelength or 11.5 meters long and are fed from the Lecher wires which in turn are fed through a single pair of feeders from the station. The system is so phased that it radiates “broadside” that is to say toward or from the reader as he looks at the page. It is made uni- directional by putting behind it a similar system (without feeders) to act as a reflector and the re- sulting beam is inclined 5° upward by leaning the whole system backward by that angle.

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sists al wires each 4% A long=11.5 mete an antenna is shown in Fig. 5. Tl ting system is here connected to tw ms of Lecher wires in the OST absence of feeders. On this wave an alter- nate-phase antenna of 8 vertical wires has been tried also. It is shown in Fig. 6. At the same time the antenna with upper pr a ere ~ ‘ ’ } ¥ YX » -_ ~ ‘ “Ven er & NIN 4 , of a Se é #NOvGOROD |) TOMSK = b F 2 ‘ ° yRRAINE) © * , \ ‘A 7», > P + OR ie VLADIVOSTOK, ps oS : + . HINESE v er eruUsetii ¢ SSwee Q OA, om) ‘ BuRM® oF Oey , oan , A caine / a? Dorn hbo te MAP SHOWING THE REGION WORKED OVER poter From the middle point radiation as before mentioned (See Fig. 2) of the m 2 feeder wires are car- has been tried out. ried d station as shown in Fig. The comparison of these 3 antennas has shown that the best is the synphase an- =— oo tenna (Fig. 5) (R8-9). Noticeably worse Ly r fa re 1 is alternate phase antenna (Fig. 6) yyy ce | (R6-7 and little fading) while the c worst antenna is the one of Fig. 3 FIG. 6 HER ANTENNA SYSTEM USED’ with upper radiation (R5-6 pronounced wr Ps a an OF FIG. 4 fading-effect). The result is that the “syn- In thi ertical whee ase used, each wire phase” antenna (Fig. 5) age ter the best eperatin sppesition to tin nelabber. audibility and the smallest fading effect and also has very sharp. directional re aa ; = properties. 5. Th the antenna is at 5 angle It is interesting that when the antenna to the — (Zenith) so that the was worked while turned 8 degrees to the mae in elevation above the hori- south from the steepest portion of the zon OF 9 | ystem is used with a reflec- cyrye of radiation (which is normally tor wi ‘ similar except for the pointing out to Tashkent) the fading ef- z= les may have been meant, ‘fect became decidedly noticeable in the but it In either case the system oper- morning and evening. — * the SS The fading-effect that comes out during cer rt which would cause them to the work of antennas of alternate phase operat ition if fed from a common (Fig. 6) and upper radiation (Fig. 3) “stan r, but there are two feeders may be explained by the fact that these a ee ae ee — antennas give less power than the synphase alterr vo, which again puts them in one and fading-effect becomes more pro- phase. — t be seen from the diagram pounced with less power. —- being: ong See ae. For the work on 40 meters another sort page 24, M '.—Tech. Ed. of antenna with upper radiation is used. APRIL, 1928 Fit po! tio di FI Ni

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APRIL, 1928 It is shown in Fig 7. It consists of cage, % wavelength long and one meter in diameter. The lead-in wire is 2% mm. in ; ¥ 33 2 5 ~~ % Ss x | ' I meter dia-|| | | | “{ Feeder 27M forg FIG. 7. THE 40-METER VERTICAL ANTENNA USED WITH THE TRANSMITTER OF FIG. 4. Radiation is chiefly from the upper half wave portion as is explained in the text, the lower por- tion serving mainly as a feeder. diameter. The exclusive radiation from the upper part (cage) of the antenna is 4 1 tt 17,.GCT 16/ /X1 DAYS SHOWN BS) BS| BE) BS) B INTENSITV ON FIG. 8. FADING OUT OF SIGNALS IN TASH- KENT IN NOV. 1925 AT A WAVELENGTH OF 23 METERS Sunset in Tashkent at 12:00 G. Nijni-Novgorod at 13:00 G. C. T. C. T. Sunset in due to the current in the node of cage being larger than in the lead-in according to Cl ratio ——— where C, is the capacity of C2 cage in a unit of length and C: is that of Cl lead-in. In this case —— = 3. C2 Ost 13 Such a type of upper radiation antenna fives results equal to the type previously described and yet the wave is smoother and steadier. Such antennas are simple in construction, give excellent results and are greatly used by amateurs. The main objective in conducting these experiments was to clear up the best suit- D. THE TRANSMITTER FOR TASHKENT BEFORE INSTALLATION It is of the same general type as the two at Nijni- Novgorod but of a later and more advanced form. able time for the work on 23 and 40 meters. The experiments allowed to conclude that signals on 23 meters are heard better dur- 3 14 1 6 1I7.GCT vi Yu 5 x $ mj)°S wires %a| ARS Yn xg > Yq) = FIG. 9. REAPPEARANCE OF SIGNALS IN TASH- KENT IN MARCH, 1926, AT 40 METERS Sunset in Tashkent 13.10 G. C. T. Sunset in Nijni- Novgorod 14.5 G. C. T. ing the day and on 40 meters during the night. Curves in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 show char- acteristic examples. The signal sometimes

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fad entirely, but frequently the audi- bil hanged more or less. D ams in Fig. 10 and 11 allow one are the periods of audibility cor- — BA. aN . ee et ey DAY ANO MONTH FIG. 1 DIAGRAM SHOWING THE AUDIBILITY OF 23 METER SIGNALS IN TASHKENT. THE SHADED PORTION SHOWS GOOD AUDIBILITY res} ng to the sunset and sunrise in Nijni-Novgorod and Tashkent. The shaded area 1ow good audibility. The diagrams show periods of appearing and fading out rnals are retarded with respect to \ SUNSET IN \\ NUN NOVGOROD SUNSET (~ TASHKENT SUNRISE (N NAN NOVGOROD N sumerse iN 2, Seti "4" AK, BX, i, 2, 4 ty & OAY ANDO MONTH FIG. 11 DIAGRAM SHOWING THE AUDIBILITY OF THE 40-METER SIGNAL IN TASHKENT The ded portions show good audibility. Note that th wo diagrams overlap, in other words one wavelengths work at all times. sul sunrise. It is clear that waves of 10 meters lap over each other and 4-hour contact between Nijni- 101 ind Tashkent is possible. It must hat the time of appearing and fad f signals does not change reg- ula day to day but changes irregu- lar] aps this is due to some meteoro- logi turbances. Nevertheless when ades out we have good enough audi n the other. Covering would be bett ut doubt if more waves in the sam could be used. TI ries of experiments gave as prac- ts improvement of our short- Ost APRIL, 1928 wave transmitters, and of the emitted wave (which is now steady, well modulated and easy to take and to speed up). Directional work gave further improvement. A prac- tical rule for working over the 2400 km, dis- tance with waves of 23 and 40 meters dur- ing different times of the day and night was also found. At the present time the experiments are being continued with the objective of clear- ing up the possibility of short-wave com- munication between Nijni-Novgorod and Siberia and the Far East (Vladivostok) and Central Asia. —_—_—_-@e———_—— A.R.R.L. Technical Information Service Rules Please help us by observing the following rules: 1. Keep a copy of your questions and diagrams and mention that you did so. 2. Number the questions and make a paragraph of each one. 3. Make diagrams on separate sheets and fasten them to the letter. 4. Print your name and address (not merely your radio call) on your letter. Don’t depend on the return address on the envelope as this is destroyed when the let- ter is opened. 5. Don’t ask for a comparison of the various manufacturers’ products. 6. Before writing, search your files of QST—the answer probably is there, 7. Address all questions to Information Service, American Radio Relay League, Inc., 1711 Park Street, Hartford, Conn. 8. It is not essential to enclose an en- velope as long as you supply postage and PRINT CLEARLY your name and address on your letter. —-- —- e@e Standard Frequency Transmis- sion from 9XL TATION 9XL is a special station, com- S prising one of the three portions of the “Gold Medal Station”, WCCO-9XL- 9WI at Anoka, Minnesota. WCCO oper- ates as broadcast station, 9XL purely as a standard frequency station and 9WI as a general amateur station, the three trans- mitters having independent equipment and antennas but a common power supply. Through arrangements made by K.V.R. Lansingh of the Official Wave Length Sta- tion Committee of the Experimenters’ Sec- tion, A.R.R.L. 9XL is operated on schedules regularly announced in QST. The work of (Concluded on Page $2)

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ave and nal “ac- lis- ur- eht are ar- ym- ind 1k) on ng nd ts ot ar. at he of APRIL, 1928 OST Low-Power, Flexible Crystal-Control for Four Amateur Bands By S. P. McMinn* ITH the narrowing of the amateur bands, and the probable increase in population density which like- ly will result within them; the importance of crystal control greatly in- creases, not only must we crowd a greater number of stations within the confines of each so-called band, but we must two places in each of the four amateur bands—20, 40, 80 and 160—that requires the minimum of junk, the least possible space in the shack and that is a first-rate, all around means of communication, ex- cellent for local work and with distinct DX possibilities. do so without increasing QRM either to other transmitting amateurs or to our army of BCL friends. The expense of crystal control has been the chief reason it has not been more widely adopted, for the benefits of its bell-like signal, its sharpness of tuning, its positive and unfailing loca- tion in one and only one spot on receiving operator’s dials are recommendation enough for its universal use. Now that crystals generally are more reasonable in cost (according to friend Watts they aren’t at all difficult to prepare in the home laboratory) addi- tional interest attaches to the physical means of using them. And that, in brief, is reason for this description of a crystal-controlled trans- +| 400 volts 002 002 el + | S 7) Amplifier = Gc Ss = al, a Jo Neutralizer Condenser w----- > al FIG. 1 THE OSCILLATOR CONNECTIONS The filament supply is omitted for simplicity and can be found on the general diagram, Fig. 5. Cl1-L1 is the “tank” or tuned-plate circuit which can be seen at the left in the rear view of the set. mitter that, if not the acme of simplicity, at least approaches it; that is so exceed- ingly flexible that it is possible to QSY in to *2WC, also Editor, Automotive Merchandising, 97- 108 Horatio St., New York City, N, Y FRONT VIEW OF THE COMPLETE 20-TO-160- METER TRANSMITTER From left to right the meters are: crystal tube tank-circuit ammeter (0-3); crystal tube plate-current milliammeter (0-100); a.c. filament voltmeter for all tubes (0-15); amplifier plate current milliammeter (0-500). changing the two amplifier tubes from d.c. (parallel) to a.c. (back-to-back self-rectified) operation, The D. P. D, T. switch is for Having pioneered crystal control work, I have about come to the definite conclu- sion that there is no particular advantage in high power. Repeated tests with inputs ranging from 25 to 200 watts have failed to reveal any startling difference in the signal strength reported by other stations. How much of this is due to the use of crystal control it is hard to state, but no doubt it is the crystal-clear, unwavering note that carries through atmosphere, QRN and QRM. Hence, this newest transmitter of mine is built around a trio of 210 tubes. One is used as the oscillator and the other two as an r.f. amplifier. The beauty of the rig is that it can all be constructed of such receiving junk as may be around the shack. The condensers are ordinary receiving Cardwells, the chokes are receiving type and the plate blocking and coupling con- densers are receiving type Sangamos. So far, the rig is entirely orthodox and not at all startling. However, a degree of flexibility has been obtained that is al- together out of the ordinary. In the first place, the crystals, four of ’em, are in plug-in mountings and thus are rapidly changed. Next, the inductances

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Ost al plug-in. And finally, the two tubes in the amplifier are so arranged with ad pole double-throw switch that they ma orked either back-to-back, self- ré , or in parallel with d.c, supply. Ww! yone says “QSS” I shift to RAC by fi ng a switch, or use the buzzer m n. If they say “QRM” I put in an rystal, swing the oscillator and Full wave The =N RFC. Sw ~. aan ) u i>. Y/ t—_~—s Filtered Dc+ eo2 filter” “ev 3 é6o~ Co Ney A desired ® C2 ' ' ' ! ' ' ' ' ! i) eed i ——— ee ol THE AMPLIFIER DIAGRAM SIMPLIFIED BY OMISSION OF FILAMENT SUPPLY main thing to be noted is that with switch Sw. the tubes operate in parallel with rectified-and- d supply but with the switch up the two tubes back-to-back on a.c, supply. S-S are the ar old tube rectifiers. Cheer up—we will mething of the sort again soon.) ar tuning condensers a few notches, tenna and GA. Nothing to it. measures 24 x 10 inches. mitter fits nicely standard cabinet. ng modulation on the amplifier an hone, of which more later. rig is built behind a 7” x 24” bal panel which holds all the meters, the ning condensers and the switch for m r.a.c. to d.c. on the amplifier. TI pactness of the affair may be judg y the fact that the baseboard re, it is a very simple matter found. Crysta Antenna Os Radiating Wa Wavelength ae Meter 16 amplify straight through 160 : amplify straight through 84.15 amplify straight through 77.8 amplify straight through 40.0 double frequency in 42.07 amplifier double frequency in amplifier 38.9 + quadruple in amplifier 21.04 quadruple in amplifier 19.45 double in amplifier 20.00 FIG. 3 CHART TO SHOW METHOD OF AMPLIFICATION FOR THE 9 DIF- FERENT WAVELENGTHS—ALL CRYSTAL CONTROLLED AND ALL WITH THE SAME ANTENNA APRIL, 1928 The whole trans- —aaT rm Ee CONSTRUCTION Although the wiring diagrams tell about all that is necessary to know about the set, a few notes will help in building it. inductances are wound of No. 12 bare wire The on forms that once held Cardwell radio frequency chokes. They are 2 inches in diameter and were used chiefly because the form was handy and already equipped with plug-in jack tips. The crystals are in circular Bake- lite holders which are completely en- closed to exclude dirt and moisture. They never need be touched, The mounts are fitted with knife-blade tvpe contacts which fit nicely into those parts from a small knife switch that the blade normally fits. It makes a very nice, tight, easily separable mounting. The wiring was first done on paper, by putting all the apparatus on a sheet the size of the baseboard and drawing in the wires with pencil. After the various parts had been shifted about a bit the best arrange- ment for short leads, reduction of possible feed-back effects, and safety, was easily Then the wiring was done with No. Antenna tuned to (Harmonics in Parenthesis) 160 with ground 84.15 with C, P. 77.8 with C, P. 80.0 with C, P. (2nd) or ground (3rd). 120 with C. P. 84.15 with C. P. (2nd) or 126.2 (3rd) with ground. 77.8 with C. P. (2nd) or 106.7 with either C. P. or ground (3rd). 84.15 with C. P. (4th). 105.2 with C. P. or ground (5th). 77.80 with C. P. (4th) 97.25 with C. P. or ground. 80 00 with C. P. (4th). 100.00 with C. P. or ground (5th). 12 enamelled stuff which is easy to work but stiff enough to stay put. THE CRYSTALS There are two crystals in the 80-meter band, one oscillating at 77.8 and the other at 84.15; there is one in the 40-meter band; and one in the 150-190 band. Thus, either

Page 15

ins- out set, The yire vel] e 2 sed ndy r-in ke- en- ire, The ade nto tch kes ble er, ind cil. en ge- ble ‘ily No. APRIL, 1928 of the 80-meter crystals can be used in that band and also in the 40-meter band by doubling frequency; by quadrupling fre- quency, the 80-meter crystals also furnish harmonics for the PA to amplify in the 20-meter band. The 40-meter crystal can also have its frequency doubled in the 20- meter band and gives better output at 20 than do the 80-meter crystals. The 160- meter crystal works in its own band, of course, and also in the 80-meter band by Ost 17 It is therefore much better to use the 40-meter crystal * or to wire in an inter- mediate amplifier and double frequency twice. This is not so tricky because it does away with the need for neutralizing and gives better output. There is nothing tricky about using a 40-meter crystal except that it is wise to reduce the plate voltage a bit, say to 300, and to be very careful that the circuits are properly neutralized if amplifying at FROM THE BACK THE SET LOOKS LIKE THIS Reading from left to right we have first the amplifier inductance and two ampli- fiber tubes with their associated plate stopping condensers r.f. chokes, next the amplifier grid choke coil and in the center the noutralizing condenser with the fixed oscillator-amplifier coupling condenser back of it and the oscillator filament by-pass condenser in front of it. After that comes the oscillator tube, in front of which are the pancake grid and plate r.f. chokes while partly concealed behind the tube is the oscillator plate-circuit tuning condenser. Finally, at the right is the oscilla- tor inductance and in front of it one of the crystals in its bakelite mountings. The whole thing is built on a 24” x 10” baseboard behind a 24” x 7” panel. doubling its frequency in the r.f. amplifier. No attempt has been made to use the 160- meter crystal in the 20-meter band be- cause the output undoubtedly would be ex- ceedingly small; besides, there is no need to do so. All of this is further explained by Fig. 3. THE EXTRA 40-METER CRYSTAL In the list above and in Fig. 3 (see the *) there will be noticed a 40-meter crystal. This is not strictly necessary. It is per- fectly practical to quadruple frequency from 77.8 and 84.15 to 19.45 and 21.04 as shown at + in Fig. 3. This is regularly done at 2WC, especially since at 20 meters small power seems to go about as weil as big power. If you want corroboration of the fact that you can quadruple frequency in 1 stage, refer to that article by Glaser in June, 1927, QST. However, the efficiency by that method is low and it is an expediency rather than a good way to do the job. This is so because the output when quadrupling from 80 to 20 is very small. the same frequency. A 40-meter crystal is a very fragile animal and a surge or kick back that makes the thing vibrate too strongly is likely to cause edge chips. Too high voltage may puncture the thing and make it worthless. It is important, with any crystal for that matter, to use a very light top plate, a vertible featherweight. A thin dime smoothed perfectly flat is excel- lent. If a heavier top plate is used it im- poses a physical burden on the crystal which must lift and lower the plate with each vibration and they vibrate darn fast! The result is that operation becomes un- stable, the crystal is hard to start and heating results from the work the crystal must do. It is better, too, to use a top plate that leaves a generous margin of crystal all around it. This will prevent brushing between the top and _ bottom plates at the edges. It is not necessary ever to have the top plate completely cover the crystal, contrary to popular conception. Another popular misconception is that you have to strive by might and main not to have any more capacity in shunt with the

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is absolutely necessary. Re- Glaser’s article in which is use of three crystals in paral- witching arrangement to use he has tripled the capacity This tube light not h« listen the vo batteri low | the 11 4 Thing to oper With tron 112 be 210 mm couplin operate for s« ment feet ae io I lead from a separa bination REC T RFC 25 rT ae: ‘C+ Fil, Supply Mike himself SE (i j (federal) slelaley 4 aj \ ( Battery of suitable i/2V.- iors or tapon : filament battery federal Mod Trans. {AM OF ONE OF THE MODULATOR SYSTEMS » UX-112 as a leak on the amplifier y wires are normal set wires and the added as part of the modulator. The f to the filament of the 112 must feet long. Try to find a truthful rease the grid bias of the 112 until ts to become fuzzy. If any of the 112 are grounded trcable may fol- Ile are therefore recommended, likewise battery, though the mike may work on t battery if the latter be not grounded. mplified if the mike cord has a plug lament-control jack for the 112. e more complication Heising modula- lifer may be used. In this case the audio amplifier, feeding a pair of thre a resistance-capacity-impedance permits the same plate supply to and the amplifier-modulator com- tem shown here has the advantage disastrous or untoward rule, the lower the fre- crystal, within limits, the late voltage may be with you can use 550 to 600 on rystal, but 400 is safe on an } Zell Labs. in Whippany ne 750 v. on a 6500-meter *-h a 211-D tube, with safety. rystal is in a mounting that verature constant, but this for amateur work. THE ANTENNA na has a calculated funda- 120 meters and consists of 12 enamelled sky-wire 100 | a single-wire ecounterpoise It is tuned with a single con- OST APRIL, 1928 denser large enough to reduce the funda- mental for 80-meter operation; for 20 and 40, it is operated on harmonics. For 160 meters the antenna and counterpoise are tied together and worked against a water- pipe ground. THE POWER SUPPLY It is hardly possible to use the same plate power transformer for both oscilla- tor and amplifier because of the poor reg- ulation of transformer and rectifier com- binations. In other words, with the key down a single transformer rectifier that would give 550 volts on the amplifier and not over 400 on the oscillator would pro- duce well over 600 with the key up and this might easily endanger the crystal, to say nothing of putting an unnecessary strain on blocking and filter condensers. The power supply consists of a Thordar- son R210 Power Compact for the oscilla- tor. This furnishes filament current for the 216B rectifying tube without the need for a filament rheostate, It also supplies exactly the proper voltage for the crystal tube. The Thor 210 Power Compact uses a special transformer developed to furnish “B” power for an ordinary receiver and also 400 volts for a 210 amplifier. It also has two filament windings, one giving 75 volts without external center tap (which serves to heat the filament of the 216B type rectifier tube) and the other giving 7% volts with center tap. This second filament winding is not used because the transformer has not sufficient capacity to heat the filaments of all three 210 tubes in the transmitter. The 400-volt winding gives about 500 volts on no load through a filter consisting of two mikes ahead of a 30-henry B-eliminator type choke and two mikes behind it. Under 40-mil load the output voltage is slightly over 400, and therefore is exactly right for crystal operation. On the amplifier a Thordarson T-2098 furnishes plate power which is run through a Thordarson T-2099 choke (two 30-henry chokes in series) with two mikes of con- denser on each side of it. The 2098 also supplies the filament current for the 281 rectifying tubes. The filaments of the 210’s are all in parallel and fed by a separate transformer. The rectifier for the amplifier plate supply is a pair of 3- year old “S” tubes. The reason for arranging the amplifier for the use of either a.c. (which, of course, becomes r.a.c.) or d.c. is because the a.c. is a bit broader, though not enough so to be objectionable to other nearby amateurs. Some operators complain, justly or un- justly, of excessive fading when using pure d.c. on the amplifier. In such cases it is “Of Oa ow ~~ ee er Ae et OO enh Ss Om OP. — —_—w Ae 2S 28 bet SO Oe oe oe OS an eee ons oth Ge o> —— -_ th in a ch ok eo ee ee

Page 17

\- 0 — = Si a APRIL, 1928 sometimes helpful to be able to shift to a.c., which, with the singing, bell-like d.c. oscil- lator behind it has a peculiar and quite distinctive note that is pleasing to the ear and easy to copy. Also, the a.c. is often of assistance in raising stations that might pass over the razor sharp pure d.c. crystal note. The only draw-back to using two tubes in the amplifier is that it is almost impos- sible to get a perfectly pure d.c. note. There is always OST 19 The adjustment of the neutralizing con- denser is quite critical, but don’t get dis- couraged. It is entirely possible to neutralize the amplifier properly and it won’t work right until you do. Move that neutralizing condenser only a hair at a time! When neutralization has been effected, hit the key and see what happens, using low voltage on the amplifier tubes, of present a slight ripple about 5 per cent, I should say, though everyone reports the thing pure dc. Still it is not as perfectly pure as when using a single tube in the PA. I don’t know why this is, but it probably is not important, Anyway, a little ripple helps make the tone less monotonous! ! GETTING INTO OPERATION This little baby rig is about the easiest thing imag- inable to get going and prop- erly tuned up. You first get the oscillator going and tuned for maximum tank current with minimum mils. Put about 400 volts, rectified and well filtered a.c. on the oscillator. The tank current should be about three am- pheres, using an 80-meter crystal, and the plate cur- rent of the oscillator should be around 40. Then with the filaments of the amplifier tubes lighted, but the plate power left off, vary the ampli- fier tuning condenser until you get quite a bit of current in tha€ tank. If you don’t get any, the chances are the thing is by lucky chance nearly neutralized, but gener- ally you will get quite a lot. When working ‘straight through’ with any of the crystals it will be necessary to neutralize to prevent feed-back from the amplifier to the oscillator and to permit the amplifier to be tuned properly to the oscillator frequency. When doubling, the neutralizer may be left on, or cut out with a switch, as desired. When quadrupling, the added capacity of the neutralizing con- denser is too great and the neutralizer must be cut out of the circuit. Then vary the neutralizing condenser and the amplifier tuning condenser until you reach an adjustment of both which gives practically no current at all in the amplifier tank and no appreciable move- ment of the oscillator plate milliammeter when the amplifier tuning condenser is passed through the resonance point. feature. THE TUNING INDUCTANCES OF THE SET, ALL WOUND WITH NO. 8 BARE COPPER WIRE ON CARDWELL R.F. CHOKE FORMS, 1%” IN DIAMETER Left to right the coils are, 25 turns used at 160 M. when shunted by a .001-ufd condenser, 14 turns, used at 80 meters with 3 end turns left over for neutralizing, 5% turns used at 40 meters, and 4 turns used at 20 meters. All but the 160-meter coil operate with no capacity beyond that of the .0005-ufd variable condenser. A crystal holder is shown in the foreground to illustrate the plug-in course. Hold the key down and tune the amplifier tank for maximum current as indicated on the ammeter. Next couple the antenna, re-tune the amplifier tank and tune the antenna to resonance. The coupling is fairly critical and will take a bit of experimenting. Every time you change the coupling you must re-tune both the antenna and the amplifier tank. When the coupling is right you will get maximum antenna current with mini- mum amplifier tank current—showing that the antenna is soaking up nearly all the current generated in the amplifier tank. High amplifier tank current indicates insufficient coupling, or an antenna that will not properly tune to the working wave of the amplifier. You may have to load your antenna by using a coupling coil with a greater number of turns in it. CONCERNING THE COILS Now, as to L. When using the 80-meter inductances, you merely shunt them with a Sangamo fixed receiving condenser of

Page 18

0015 002, which boosts the QRH of the ation to 160 or thereabouts, final adju nt being made with the variable cond The 80-meter inductances have 14 1 n the oscillator; leaving three for tl v ground neutralizing condenser cont And the PA inductances have m4 * a little heavier wire a little wide ed. The 40-meter inductances hav 5 turns, respectively; and the 8” 4 Case of Thor R-210 ; bwer Compact ictances are 2” in diameter. AS TO PHONE veral ways to use phone on the Perhaps the easiest, (though a low .ge of modulation is obtained) is t he secondary of a modulation trar in series with the C bat on the The primary of the modula- tior er is in series with the usual 6V and mike. Substituting a buz- gives a beautiful 500- cy hat is very attractive and not at This is the scheme that was des y Ed. Glaser of 2BRB in QST 7. Ze} mike It paratively simple, of course, to throv her a Heising modulation cir- cuit eed the plate power for the am- plifi gh that instead of direct to tes of the amplifier tubes. Thi a high percentage of mod- ulati very good quality. What- system is used .it will ever tion OST Special Thordarson i/ Trans t ‘ e . a oA UX 216 8 = = 5 Trans nov AC

g diagram. —~_. FIG 5 THE GENERAL DIAGRAM 20 nly needed in the PA has 3-4 APRIL, 1928 be found that even a small filter on the power amplifier is adequate because of the refining effect of the crystal-controlled energy that is fed to the grids of the power amplifier. In conclusion it is only fair to give credit to Scientific Radio Service of Mount Rainier for their excellent co-operation in assisting in the design of the rig and for supplying the crystals and mounts around which it is built and which are so important in its proper operation. Crystals that are fussy, or tricky, or at all uncer- 72098 tain in starting oscillation and in keeping right at it indefinitely, are an abomination. Good ones are a joy to work with and are easily re- sponsible for the elimination of about 80 per cent of the _ troubles that might be blamed on other AC * 400 things. we voll input (/42) *@<e Termunals 34,5 at mine and not used Strays An _ interesting method for con- trolling regenera- tion is suggested by 1AQD. It con- sists of using our old friend, the absorp- tion loop. He uses a turn or two of wire coupled to the secondary coil of the tuner. A carbon pile rheostat is connected across the coil and as its resistance is varied, the amount of energy absorbed from the tuning circuit is likewise varied. One side of the circuit is grounded to reduce hand capacity effects. He states that it is necessary to use a compression type rheostat as a wire wound affair would be noisy in operation. Woolworth V & X stores are offering another boon to amateurs in the form of straight glass cylinders which may be pur- chased at X cents each. They are normally used as the middle section of a hydrometer, are open at both ends and have a uni- form diameter of approximately %-inches throughout their entire length of six and a half inches. By sticking a cork in each end and fastening them to suitable sup- ports, a first rate mounting for an r. f. choke will be had. Corks for the job may alsc be obtained at the same store for V cents a dozen.—6DCA.

at eve in spe tiol , uni tio! ter of act pas ins Ste

fair cou line mu nev cus the pro

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le e d r APRIL, 1928 The A.R.R.L. HE Board of Directors of the American Radio Relay League was in regular annual session through- out the 17th and 18th of February, at Hartford. Every Director was present, every section of the country represented. The affairs of the League were examined in detail, the Headquarters properties in- spected, and policies outlined and instruc- tions give nthe officers for the coming year. Mr. Maxim and Mr. Stewart were unanimously re-elected as President and tions given the officers for the coming year. terms. The Board received the annual reports of the League’s five officers; ratified the acts of the Executive Committee in the past year; voted to meet hereafter in May instead of February; examined League finances; commended the Headquarters Staff on its handling of the business af- OST Board Meets technical difficulties of operating under the new convention, a most important action on which we shall have considerable to say in QST soon; voted to request the restoration of the Extra First Class Amateur Operator’s license; discussed at length the question of wave-bands for amateur phone and adopted new recom- mendations to the Commission as reported below; considered Division boundaries but made no changes; provided for the invest- ment of the surplus funds of the League; adopted protective policies respecting in- vasion of amateur bands by non-amateur stations and respecting quiet hours and in- terference from harmonics, heard a report from Director Segal on his work in com- batting anti-amateur municipal ordinances and extended thanks to him for his valua- ble work, particularly in the matter of the Wilmore decision; reconsidered at length OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS OF THE A.R.R.L. AT THE RECENT ANNUAL MEETING Left to right, tep row: Mr. Weingarten, Northwestern Division; Mr. Painter, Delta; Communications Man- ager Handy; Vice President Stewart; Canadian General Manager Russell; President Maxim; Mr. Quinby, Midwest Division; Mr. Darr. Central; Dr. Dunn, Hudson; Mr. Dobbs, Southeastern; Mr. Corlett, West Gulf. Bottom row: Secretary Warner; Treasurer Hebert; Prof. Jansky. Dakota Division; Mr Gravely, Reanoke; Prof. Woodruff, Atlantic: Dr. White, New England; Mr. Segal, Rocky Mountain; Mr. Babcock, Pacific. (Photo courtesy “Hartford Times’’.) fairs of the League; made plans for en- couraging the beginning operator; out- lined plans to further international com- munication under the restrictions of the new international convention, as is dis- cussed editorially this month; authorized the undertaking of a technical development program to aid members in meeting the the question of national conventions and reaffirmed the previous decision to abandon them; discussed pending legislation; in- spected the new Headquarters Station 1MK and commended the Communications Man- ager on the job. Detailed reports of con- ditions in every territory were made by the Directors, the desires of the member-

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peration seems inadvisable. ite future the bands y curtailed that reduction in priv- r operation. rted, and action taken on matters ip. The Secretary’s minutes of eting fill eighteen pages; obviously high-lights can be mentioned here. question of amateur phone wave- was most carefully considered by din several hours’ discussion, after ittee of the Board had given a hear- representative of phone amateurs re dissatisfied with the recent n regulations sponsored by the With every Director present and erefore expressed from every sec- country, the Board unanimously to recommend to the Federal Radio n that the two upper phone hanged to read 1715 to 2000 kilo- | 3500 to 3550 kilocycles. Some 1 of the thoughts back of these endations may be of interest. Let | at the outset that the Board took t the changes in amateur bands the Washington Convention, to be expected by the first of ng-wave band mentioned is from 175 meters. Although phone at operates up to 190 meters, the bove 175 will be assigned to the ervice after this year. It is un- encourage the establishment of on waves above 175 now, only to owners forced to change wave- next year. A more important con- n is QRM to BCLs; the probability ‘ference by phone operation on ove 175 meters is so great that Most phones are below 170 meters now Therefore the recommendation of 175 meters. 85-meter recommendation embraces yeles. The original phone assign- here of 100 ke. was made at a time 10-meter band was 1000 ke. wide rried an enormous percentage of R. B. L. domestic communi- Under the conditions of the will be so be suffered by every form of As a single example, neter telegraphing band becomes r all the world, instead of 1000 kc. America alone, and when this with amateurs of other countries stion will be so great that 40- ration will have to be confined tional and coast-to-coast work. moderate-distance work that has ng on in that band will then have mmodated in the 80-meter band. reason the Board’s recommenda- ved at after intensive considera- OST APRIL, 1928 tion, is for a phone privilege 50 kilo- cycles in extent, The Board has recommended that the 20-meter phone privilege be _ rescinded, The new international band for amateurs at 20 meters is 400 ke. wide. The width of a signalling channel increases, at the present state of the technique, directly with the frequency. That is to say, in terms of the number of stations which can be accommodated the 20-meter band is equal to 200 ke. at 40 meters or to only 100 ke. at 80 meters. Of course the chief utility of the 20-band is for international DX and it is therefore one of the bands which will have to be shared with amateurs of other nations. The League is undertak- ing to negotiate an informal agreement with the amateur societies of other coun- tries, under which North American amateurs would operate in the top halves of the 20-meter and 40-meter bands. The net effect of this is to say that the territory which will be available for American amateurs at 20-meters after the first of next year is no greater than an expanse of 50 ke. in the 80-meter band. Immediate- ly it becomes apparent that it is a physical impossibility to make provision for phone in the limited band which the international conference has left us and have any as- surance of privileges for telegraphy. Looked at another way, imagine that we have, next year, 200 kc. at 20 meters for American amateurs. Reliable engineering figures indicate a minimum commercial channel width at 20 meters of 40 ke., which is to say that our band contains room for but five commercial channels of minimum width. Even if a single one of these chan- nels was made available for phone, it would amount to 20% of the entire territory if every phone in America succeeded in working on exactly the same wavelength, which they would not and could not do, and it would be a privilege utterly value- less to the phones themselves, It was therefore the opinion of the Board that the state of the art does not offer promise of successful and satisfactory work under the conditions now confronting us in the 20-meter band and that, for the present at least, they should recommend rescinding the 20-meter phone privilege. : The Board brought to bear upon this question all of its past experience in planning for the future, its technical tal- ent, and its ability to reflect amateur view- points from every part of the country. It is hoped that the membership will be pleased with the decisions and will appre- ciate the reasons which lie behind each one. The recommendations have now been con- veyed to the Federal Radio Commission. K. B. W. sig chi of des the cul ste Sir use oth tail nec cor the to syn this are fro1 by |

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kilo- the ded. eurs idth the ctly can — ~~. a only hief onal inds 2ursS tak- nent yun- ican lves The tory ican - of nse ate- ‘ical one ynal as- yhy. we for “ing cial rich for jum an- yuld r if in rth, do, lue- was hat nise der the > at ling this tal- ew- be yre- yne. ‘on- APRIL, 1928 OST 23 Notes on the Design of Iron-Core Reactances Which Carry Direct Current By D. E. Replogle* practical design of filters and filter parts. 2nd in the February issue. This is the third of a series of articles by members of the Raytheon organization on the The first appeared in the September issue and the The fourth wil! follow shortly. These articles are based on the very extensive experience of the Raytheon organization with the problems of manufacturers of “A” and “B” substitutes. filters used in these devices and also in transmitting plate supplies.—Technical Editor. It covers the “low-pass” type of HE great increase in the use of recti- fied and filtered plate and filament supplies within the last few years has emphasized the need of adequate de- sign methods for filter reactances. Such chokes carry a comparatively large amount of d.c. with a superposed a.c. ripple, and the design is thus somewhat more difficult than that of an ordinary a.c. reactance. An excellent contribution on this subject was made by C. R. Hanna’ who gave design curves for use with Westinghouse 4% silicon steel and for Westinghouse “Hypernik.” Since most choke coil manufacturers do not use these steels, however, it was thought worth while to compute similar curves for other commercial sheets. Data were ob- tained from the manufacturers, and the necessary calculations were made in ac- cordance with Hanna’s formulas. For the theory of the method, the reader is referred to the above work by Hanna, a brief synopsis of which appears at the end of this paper, and also to papers by Spooner’. PERMEABILITY CURVES Permeability curves for a number of steels are given in Fig. 1. They were computed from the manufacturers’ saturation curves by use of the relation, u = B/H. It will be noted that steels 1 and 2 are very high in permeability, the other materials grouping themselves at a lower level. INCREMENTAL PERMEABILITY CURVES Referring to Fig. 2. When direct cur- rent having a superposed a.c. component flows in a choke, the flux density rises to a certain point (a) on the saturation curve, Note: The material for this paper was obtained from the work of P. H. Moon and W. K. Fleming of the Raytheon Laboratories of Cambridge, Massa- chusetts. l. A.LE.E. Jnl., Feb. 1927, p. 128. 2. T. Spooner, Phy. Rev., 1925, p. 527. A.I.E.E. Jnl., Jan. 1928, *Director Customer’s Service Laboratory, Raytheon Mfg. Co., Cambridge, Mass. this point being determined by the d.c. ampere-turns and by the ordinary per- meability (u). The a.c. component then causes the flux to describe the small VIEW OF RAYTHEON CIRCUIT LABORATORY IN WHICH WORK DESCRIBED IN THE ACCOM- PANYING PAPER WAS CONDUCTED This shows the set-up employed for determ- ining inductances of an iron core choke under different conditions of d.c. saturation. hysteresis loop at (a). The permeability to the a.c. component is not the per- meability (u) but a smaller value (yA) which is equal to the slope of the line drawn through the ends of the small hysteresis loop. The permeability (uA) is called the incremental permeability, As H due to d.c. increases, the hysteresis loop moves up on the saturation curve. It will be noted that at high values of B the slope (and therefore the incremental permeability) de- creases. The method of determining (uA) is given in Spooner’s papers and will not be repeated here. The curves of Fig. 3 give the incre- mental permeability for several grades of steel, and it is evident that (uA) decreases as H increases as pointed out above. These curves were calculated for a very small a.c. component. When the a.c. component is large, the hysteresis loop increases in size and tilts at a greater angle. Thus the in- cremental permeability increases somewhat for large values of a.c. Additional curves

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for va is amounts of ripple could have ted, but it was not felt that the } PERMEABILITY CURVES ~) t- Wests se aw 2-4 wlormer £1 Specsal ° wa S43 | low 20 os wo wo 0 wie NORMAL PERMEABILITY CURVES \ to the use of a small value of a.c. results obtained will always side. DESIGN CHART i chart, Fig. 4, shows the rela- LI’/V and ampere-turns per es are plotted for five grades of numbers along the curves are ’ air-gap to length of magnetic give the maximum inductance. O lues of (a/l) can be used, but will ! as high inductances. en choke with given current, the s directly proportional to LI*/V. Tl ns that the higher the curve is on H EXPLANATORY DIAGRAM—INCRE- MENTAL PERMEABILITY CURVE t, the more inductance will be ob- ta nm a given size choke. Thus steels 1 re seen to be better than any of the ot] In Figs. 1 and 2 we saw that they 1a highest permeabilities, and here we OST g omplexity would be warranted. APRIL, 1928 see that the effectiveness of a choke is greatest if made of these steels. The difference is not large, however, the maximum difference between numbers 2 and 5 being only about 15%. Therefore, it would seem that for most reactances an ordinary steel of low silicon content would be advisable because of its lower cost and smaller wear on the dies. PROCEDURE IN DESIGN The desired inductance LZ and the direct current J are known. 1. It will now be necessary to assume some size of core. Usually a_ standard NCREMENTAL PERMEABILITY ple Sug BiACr € WOREMENTAL PERMEABN TY * ° - “ FIG. 3. INCREMENTAL PERMEABILITY CURVES punching will have been decided upon, in which case it will only be necessary to assume a height d for the stack of lamina- tions. Then determine the cross-sectional area of the core A and the length of mag- netic path 1. V is the product, or V = Al. 2. Compute LI’/V. 3. From design chart, find the value of NI/1 corresponding to the above value of LI°/V. 4. The total number of turns to be used is then found by dividing the above value of NI/1 by J and multiplying by 1. 5. The approximate length of air gap is determined by noting the (a/l) number nearest the point on the curve used in get- ting NI/l. This number is multiplied by | to get a. 6. The designer may now find that he cannot get the required number of turns in the winding space, or that the winding space is unnecessarily large. In either case he will make another assumption of depth of core d and try again. CHOKES FOR LARGE RANGE OF DIRECT CURRENT If the choke is to be used over quite a range of direct current, it is advisable to calculate the inductance at two or more values of current to make sure that there is not too much variation. The d.c. flux Si tr’ (u ere fro

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the and » it an ould and rect ame lard VES in to na- nal ag- Al. of of sed lue . is er et- y | nS ng ase th APRIL, 1928 density must first be obtained, using the formula 3.20 NI B= — I/u+a Since (u) is not known until B is, a cut-and- try method must be used. For a first ap- proximation, consider 1/u = 0 and calculate B. Take a slightly lower value of B, get (u) from the permeability curve, and cal- LS 16 17 1819 20 1 10 Wi oi2 13:14 15 1617 1B 1920 25 OST L = inductance in henries N = total number of turns A = cross-sectional area of core and gap (sq. in.) = length of magnetic path in inches a = total effective gap in inches B = flux density in lines per sq. in. FLUX DENSITY Though the design chart is all that is re- quired in the design of the magnetic circuit of a reactance, it is often desirable to know a] 8 “7 Lé Ls 1.4 1.3 1.2 ° 35 40 45 SO SS 60 65 10 15 60859095100 Mls Jo = AMPERE -TURNS /1N FIG. 4. DESIGN culate the value of B again. The correct value can be obtained after one or two trials. With this correct value of B, the in- cremental permeability can be obtained from Fig. 2. Then, 3.20 N°A x 10° l/pA +a In these formulas, CHART LF NI vs the flux density used. Accordingly, Fig. 5 was plotted from data obtained from the design chart. It gives the flux density which will occur if the chokes are designed ac- cording to Fig. 3. It is rather interesting to note that with both grades of iron the flux density will be about 55,000 lines per square inch with large values of NI/I. These densities will be obtained if the air gaps of Fig. 3 are used. Smaller gaps will

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flux density, saturating the educing the inductance. Larger gap length will reduce the flux, ising the inductance. 5 OF METHOD OF CALCULATION EM Y HANNA IN OBTAINING DESIGN é ‘ R IRON-CORE REACTANCES WHICH ARRY DIRECT CURRENT prepare the design chart, Fig th the normal and incremental 7 “ @NS PER INCH N FLUX DENSITY CURVE B vs urves, Figs. 1 and 3, are em- pl r. 1 is readily obtained from mal rs’ saturation curves by use of the u — BH. Fig. 3 is computed ilues of a.c. from the data given r by Spooner’. ng the following notations: ly flux density in iron and air- , Pausses. ber of turns in winding. I rect current, amperes. \ 1 of core section, and air-gap, eth of iron path, cm. gap length, cm. inductance, henries. al permeability — — mental permeability AB = —— where A B AH and the increments from tip to tip of hysteresis loop. Ww (1) 0.4 x NI ] a tu an (2) OST From (1) (3) l i N=-— 0.4 a I Substituting in (2) 1 . p(—+:) A x 10° u L=-— —____—___—. l 0.42xI —-+a uA (4) 1 eh B — + 1A x 10° u ] 1 a O2nPFL —+— nA ] Letting 1 A = V, the volume of iron in the core, (5) 1 ex" BP t—+ — x 10° LIF? mm ] Vv 1 a 0.4 x —+— uA l Also from (1) (6) NI me ‘) 1 oO4a\n 1 a For any assigned value of — (the per cent. ] air-gap) equations (5) and (6) may be con- considered as parametric equations with B as the parameter, and a curve of LI NI against ——- can be plotted. To do ] this, several values of B are assigned, and the values of » and pA corresponding to B obtained from curves of Figs. 1 and 2. These values are substituted in equations (5) and (6) to determine corresponding values of LI* NI NI and ——. V ] ampere turns for each centimeter of iron LI’ represents the steady length and is a quantity which if APRIL, 1928 divi the that larg of | bet’ fan the sh f+) — be va cu

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APRIL, 1928 divided by the square of the current givcs the inductance per cm.’ of core. It is seen NI that if —— is increased, by increasing LI? N or I or by reducing 1, —— is greater for V a larger values of —. Evidently the envelope of the family of curves gives the relation LI’ NI between ——— and if the best value of a —— is chosen. l Since each curve of the a family corresponds to a certain value of —, im | Atexd Azscxd FIG. 6. TWO TYPES OF REACTANCES the point of tangency with the envelope NI shows the value of ——— that requires this a —. Hence, along the envelope curve may l be plotted a scale which shows the proper a value of —. Fig. 3 shows the envelope a curve with the — scale along it. This is the design curve which has been discussed in the foregoing paper in its ex- tended form in which it applies to commer- cially available core materials for use in connection with filter circuit reactors. . yp Strays "$5 ¥ Four of the leading entomologists of Buffalogna have recently succeeded in dis- covering and capturing the specimen whose photo appears herewith. This arthropoda is an elongate creature OsT 27 not unlike the lavae of Ephemeridae in form. The antennae are long, slender and quasi-spiralesque and the body cartridgeous in form. The mouth organs are mandibu- late although somewhat subject to modifica- ( a tions of a haustellate nature. Caudal setae are conspicuous by their absence as are the visual and aural appendages. It seems to have no proboscis, whatever. The tail, heli- cally inclined has an inductance of 3.1416 micromillihenries which value is reduced 3 percent for each degree rise in temperature above 20 degrees Centigrade. It is believed that the victim of this ar- ticulata finds it extremely difficult to in- dulge in the normal nocturnal slumber common to the species; man. Instead, he must sit awake night after night sending out into the ether innumerable calls some- what resembling the code characters for the letters “C” and “Q” interspersing them with mixtures that are usually quite un- decipherable even if one did happen to be curious enough to give the matter one’s com- plete attention. The disease is called hamophobia and al- though known for many years has never completely responded to any treatment. While it may be slightly alleviated it is, as far as is known, incurable. Perhaps the segregation of this specimen may result in rapid gains in the amount of knowledge concerning it which will result in the evolv- ing of vastly superior methods of treat- ment for those poor unfortunate victims of its voracious appetite. If so, the credit is due in no small measure to 8SBHX, 8AHO and the 8KW brothers. It is said that you don’t have to be crazy to be a radio enthusiast but it certainly helps a lot if you are. —D. B. Parke 9EGU had a lot of trouble with his note on 20. He even went to the expense of an 852 in hopes of clearing it up. Imagine his feelings when he finally located the trouble as being a lot of dust in the antenna series condenser. We presume that the moral is to build a cabinet around your set or run the vacuum cleaner over it occasionally.

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OST APRIL, 1928 A Transmitter Without Transformers’ By L. W. Hatry** [S is a transmitting circuit for two ibes operated entirely from the 110- lt line without transformers and milar devices. The tubes are con- what is known as “back-to-back” eed system, which provides a full- »(ponoe) TLLt LLL i} “hy MOAC wsh-light lamp to indicate antenna resonance, 1ould be 1%-volt bulb. The least candle-power enough. imary coil on 3” diameter of 10 turns. Use l-wire. Should have variable coupling to 4. 5 ufd. variable condenser. turns with tap in center on 3” diameter for motors. Use bell-wire or larger. choke on 1” diameter of No. 30 wire, 200 i tric-light socket and 25-watt lamp. 25-watt » is for %-amp. filament such as the 201-A, watt lamps should be used for 112’s or 171’s, 150-watt lamps for 210 type tubes. ced condensers—.006 pfd. each. xed condensers—.00025 ufd. each. ixed condensers—.00025 ufd. each. rid-leaks—25,000 ohms each. sockets. lf-rectifying circuit. The best keying this circuit requires a ntact key in order that the con- to both grid-leaks may be opened filament end. The keying system quires two things; that the tubes large enough to dissipate the r. f. nternally when the key is “open”, ondenser 3 be used at a capacity appreciably larger than the self- »f the key, on the order of 6 to 10 rreater. The key should be con- exactly as shown in the diagram lever contact connected to the e. The plate voltage of each tube t the line a. c. voltage, or an r. m. &. f 110. With the 171 or the new ywer tube, this is a good little set. ion of Hartford Times, original title, 1it No. 142. hnican, Hartford Times. Standard Frequency Transmis- sions from WWV HE Bureau of Standards announces T a new schedule of radio signals of standard frequencies, for use by the public in calibrating frequency standards and transmitting and receiving apparatus. The signals are transmitted from the Bureau’s station WWV, Washington, D. C. They can be heard and utilized by stations equipped for continuous-wave reception at distances up to about 500 to 1,000 miles from the transmitting station. The transmissions are by continuous- wave radio telegraphy. The signals have a slight modulation of high pitch which ads in their identification. _A complete fre- quency transmission includes a “general call” and “standard frequency” signal, and “announcements”. The “general call” is given at the beginning of the 8-minute period and continues for about 2 minutes. This includes a statement of the frequency. The “standard frequency signal” is a series of very long dashes with the call letter (WWV) intervening. This signal con- tinues for about 4 minutes. The “announce- ments,” are on the same frequency as the “standard frequency signal” just trans- mitted and contain a statement of the fre- quency. An announcement of the next frequency to be transmitted is then given. There is then a 4-minute interval while the transmitting set is adjusted for the next frequency. Information on how to receive and utilize the signals is given in Bureau of Standards Letter Circular No. 171, which may be ob- tained by applying to the Bureau of Stand- ards, Washington, D. C. Even though only a few frequency points are received, per- sons can obtain as complete a frequency meter calibration as desired by the method of generator harmonics, information on which is given in the letter circular. The schedule of standard frequency signals is as follows: Radio Signal Transmissions of Standard Frequency Schedule of Frequencies in Kilocycles _ Eastern April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Standard Time 20 21 20 20 #20 «#20 «22 P. M 10 :00-10 :08 3000 650 1500 3000 125 300 650 10 :12-10 :20 8300 750 1650 3800 150 350 750 10 :24-10 :32 3600 850 1800 3600 175 400 850 10 :36-10 :44 4000 950 2000 4000 200 450 950 10 :48-10 :56 4400 1060 2250 4400 225 500 1050 11 :00-11 :08 4900 1200 2500 4900 250 550 1200 11 :12-11 :20 5400 1850 2750 5400 275 600 13850 11 :24-11 :32 6000 1500 3000 6000 300 650 1500

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nis- inces ls of r the lards atus. the D. C. tions n at miles 10Us- have rhich fre- neral and ” is inute utes, ancy. eries etter con- ince- ; the ‘ans- fre- next iven. vhile the ‘ilize ards . ob- and- only per- ency thod on The s is APRIL, 1928 Ost Désigning Fixed Resistors! By R. C. Hitchcock* N alignment chart for the rapid cal- culation of the resistances of various kinds and sizes of wires is given in this article. The safe current rat- ing of a resistor is also given, on two charts, for the usual current values used in amateur radio work. Wire tables are available’, manufacturers’ booklets? give the required data, and an alignment chart has been published recently’ giving resistances. However, most of these references contain much extra material, while the charts in this article include only the essential data needed in calculating re- sistances and current ratings, and it is felt that they fill a need of the radio amateur. The current carrying capacity of a wire is limited by the amount of heat which it can radiate. Especially in the case of resistors, where the wire has a higher resistance than that of pure copper, it is essential to provide surface enough to prevent the burning out of the resistance wire. It will be obvious that if a resistance wire is wound in several layers on a spool, its safe heat radiation will be smaller than for a similar length of wire wound in a single layer on a tube. For average room conditions, the radia- tion value may be taken to be two watts per square inch of radiating surface‘. Higher rates are sometimes used, but a conservative rating is two watts per square inch of sur- face. If a resistor is wound on a tube in which the air circulates inside as well as outside, the inside area can be included in figuring the surface. SAFE CURRENT THROUGH A RESISTOR The preceding paragraph gave the basis for constructing Figs. 1 and 2, which are charts representing the electrical law that I?'R = Watts, I being the current in amperes, and R the resistance in ohms. In Fig. 1 the column at the left gives the current in milli- amperes, the center column gives the watts which must be dissipated, and the right hand column gives the resistance in thousands of ohms. Fig. 2 is similar except that the cur- rent scale is given in amperes, the resistance scale in ohms, and the watt scale is extended to cover a larger range of power to be dis- sipated. *Research laboratory, Westinghouse Elec. & Mfg. Co., East Pittsburgh, Penna. *The present paper is also known as Scientific Paper No. 272. 1. Smithsonian Physical Tables, Pub. by Smith- sonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 2. Nichrome and Other Alloys, Driver Harris & Co., Morristown, N. J. Journal Opt. Sci. Am. July 1927 p. 64. Elements of Elect. Design, by Alfred Still, p. 21. One one-thousandth of an inch. 3. 4. 5. In using these charts generally two of the quantities are known, and the third is found by placing a ruler on two values, the inter- section with the third column giving the re- quired quantity. As a typical example using Fig. 1, suppose that a ten-thousand ohm resistor has an area of three square inches, at the rate of two watts per square inch six watts can be radiated. Laying a ruler along ten thousand ohms and six watts on the chart, the current carrying capacity is found to be slightly less than twenty-five milliamperes. To take another case to determine the necessary area, suppose a resistor is to carry forty milliamperes, and to have a resistance of twenty thousand ohms. Aligning these values in Fig. 1 it is found that about thirty- two watts must be radiated. Using the value of two watts per square inch, the required area is found to be sixteen sauare inches. Fig. 2 is used in a similar manner for larger currents and lower resistances. VARIETIES OF RESISTANCE WIRES Ordinary soft iron or brass wires are satisfactory for low resistances but are not easy to obtain in the smaller sizes. In fact, if several resistors are to be wound, some one of the special wires is undoubtedly ad- visable. A table will be given showing the relative resistances of various wires, taking the resistance of copper as unity. Another useful factor included in the table is the re- sistance in ohms per circular mil foot. This is a fundamental property of a wire, as it is the actual resistance in ohms of a piece of wire one foot long, and having a diameter of one mil’. In the table it will be noticed that several names are given for one set of resistance values, the reason being that wires of the same composition are given a different name by different manufacturers. From the table it will be seen that Nichrome or Calido wire has the highest re- sistance, having over sixty-two times as much resistance as a similar copper wire. This material makes a good resistor and will stand temporary overloads as it does not oxidize as much at high temperatures as some of the other wires. Advance wire, also, is resistant to oxidation at fairly high temperatures. There is one disadvantage in using Nichrome—its resistance rises slightly with temperature. At the tempera- ture of boiling water (100°C) the resistance of a given Nichrome wire is 1.85% greater than at the temperature of freezing water (0°C). If a wire is wanted which has very small changes of resistance with tempera- ture, Advance wire is recommended. With

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30 OST t limits as stated above, from boil- ing ezing water, the resistance of an Ad wire is reduced by .08%. For a dir mparison, consider two 10,000-ohm r , one of Advance and one of N wire, these resistances being MILLIAMPERES WATTS TO BE DISSIPATED ) 2 > Soo 20 40 sot 2° 70 89F90 100 Note: A/low /2 square inchof surtace for each watt to be dissipated. FIGURE 1 at the temperature of freezing \t the temperature of boiling water tance of the Advance resistor will ) ohms, and that of the Nichrome will 10,185 ohms. For a given wire size, A has less than one half the resist- ur t Nichrome wire has, and the choice ha e made between small space and low c of resistance change with tem- I ' It should be understood that v use, these resistors will rise several room temperature in dis- the energy. It is the rise in the above re r temperature which changes the re- value, and not room temperature which ordinarily would be neg- APRIL, 1928 RESISTANCE OF VARIOUS WIRES The table gives nearly all the data needed to calculate the resistance of any kind of wire for any length. The one additional factor is the cross section of the wire, which is related to the gauge number, or the diameter. Fig. 3 is a chart which gives nec- essary data for finding round wire resistances for B. & S. gauges from 10 to 44, or from 101.9 to 2.0 mils diam- eter. The left hand column shows _ sizes 2 both on B. & S. gauge, and the diameters in mils; the right hand column gives the re- sistance in ohms per thousand feet of wire. The center column can be used in two Ways, the relative resistance is given on the right side of this column. The names of some of the common wires are given on the left side opposite their value of relative resistance. A few of the ordinary wires could not be in- 20 cluded in the chart, due to crowding, but by re- ferring to the table for 30 relative resistances, their places on the cen- 40 ter column can _ be found. 50 Two examples will 60 illustrate the use of 70 Fig. 3. Suppose the 80 resistance of No. 30 B. 90 & S. Advance wire is 100 required. A ligning size 30 in the left ecol- umn and the line at the end of Advance in the center column, the value of the resist- ance is found in the third column to be approximately 30,000 ohms per thousand feet, or 30 ohms per foot. Suppose, to take a second example, that a ten-thousand ohm resistor of Nichrome wire is to be made. Lining up these values on the right and center column, the required size is seen to be closest to B. & S. size 32. A chart such as Fig. 3 is useful in form- ing the approximate design of a resistor within a few per cent of the desired value. But the resistance is subject to manufactur- ing variations or perhaps less than five per cent, which is about the usual error in read- ing the chart. The use of a Wheatstone bridge, or a voltmeter-ammeter method of fFHOUSAND OHMS 5 Ao ff $64000033 85 SYBAOD HD F&F WwW = = LILLIE TL tt i LiL tt tt i aonmone=—-“a mm ww. uw

Page 29

ded l of onal hich the sa nec- ling nces iges rom am- and izes uge, ; in and re- per yire. can ays, ance ight mn. e of are side e of lary in- due ’ re- for ces, cen- be will the 0 B. e is ing eol- » at e in sist- sand ata wire 3 on ired yrm- stor ilue. tur- per ead- tone APRIL, 1928 measuring resistance is recommended for a final determination if the accurate resistance value has to be known. FORMS FOR WINDING RESISTORS There are several good kinds of forms on which to wind resistance wires. One which is easy to secure is the porcelain tube used in house wiring. If bare resistance wire is used it should be space wound by using string or thread between the wires, the string being unwound after the resistor is completed. If a gas or an electric furnace is available, Nichrome or Advance wire can be heated to a red heat, forming a thin in- sulating layer of oxide. The wires can then be wound touching each other, without short circuiting. Another material which is very satisfactory as a form on which to wind re- FIGURE 2 sistance wires is sheet mica. Sheets of two by three inches in size are not very ex- pensive, and will stand heat better than al- most any other insulator. A special ad- vantage in using flat sheets for winding re- sistors is that the magnetic field is con- centrated, causing little disturbance in near- by radio circuits. If the flat sheets are mounted vertically so that the heated air from the wires can rise freely from both sides of the sheet, radiation is aided, keep- ing the working temperature within reason able limits. Mica wound resistors may look unusual to a person who is accustomed to seeing only the cylindrical enamelled re- sistors, but mica resistors are not a new un- tried idea, the heating element used in elec- tric flat irons and in some toasters consists of a mica resistor. When using mica it is advisable to make small notches or slits in which to wind the resistance wire, so that if the wires expand with heat they will not move out of position and cause a short cir- cuit with adjacent wires. It is the opinion of the writer that the average experimenter should not attempt to make an enamelled resistor, as this cover- OST 31 ing requires elaborate equipment, in addi- tion to finding a proper enamel. Most vitreous enamels will eat into the wire dur- ing the process of firing, which either de- stroys the wire, or greatly reduces its cross section. Resistance wires can be purchased hav- ROUND WIRE RESISTANCE TABLE Resistance in Ohms per Circular Material Relative Resistance Mil Foot Copper 1 10.55 Aluminum 1.63 17.3 Brass 3.84 40.5 Iron 5.80 61.1 Platinum 6.83 72.0 Lead 10.85 114.7 Manganin 25.6 270. Advance, Constantan, Eureka, Ideal 27.9 294. Climax, Phoenix 47.5 500, Nichrome, Calido 62.6 660. FIGURE 3 ing the regular cotton or enamel coverings, but the extreme heat that is sometimes en- countered by resistance wires in use is so great as to char a covering. For this rea- son covered wires are not often obtainable except from the manufacturers. However it should be kept in mind that in any or- dinary use in a radio receiving set the heat will seldom be over a few watts, and if covered wires can be secured, there will be gained the advantage of being able to wind wires touching each other without making grooves for separation. Shellac, waxes, or similar substances should not be put on a resistor as most of them soften at fairly low temperatures. TERMINALS Terminals should be fastened firmly to the form on which the resistance wire is wound and the wire wound tightly around the ter- minal and soldered if possible. If a wire like Nichrome which cannot be soldered is to be attached to a terminal, some clamping arrangement is generally the best. The wire should be carefully scraped and clamped tightly to ensure good contact. If the wire is wound on a tube, a clamp like a radio ground clamp can be used as a terminal. If sheet mica is used, the ter- minal can be a machine screw with several nut sand washers, the first nut and washer holding the wire to the mica form, and the second to be used for attaching to the cir- cuit where the resistor is to be used. A better terminal for sheet mica can be made by bending a copper or brass strip around each end of the resistor, drilling through both the metal strip and the mica and using a screw with nuts to clamp the wire. If a wire such as Advance is used, it can be soldered directly to the terminal strip.

Page 30

Frida Ma rd Frequency Transmissions ‘Continued from page 14) done without S. McCart- the station is hief Operator Hugh operating staff. guarantee of accuracy is made ervice, it is the aim of the staff an accuracy of 1/10 of 1%, naterially better than can be ost wavemeters. The fre- are based on the Standards au of Standards and have been the Communications Labora- Massachusetts Institute of also by Cruft Laboratory at niversity. Notice—The continuation of ice from month to month de- response received. Direct ac- nts to “Experimenters’ Sec- L.., 1711 Park Street, Hartford, g ordinary stationary or else lanks supplied by the Experi- tion, on request. A _ goodly hese blanks has been gathered ber grows we will gradually poe accurate record of trans- ymena possible with no other tails on 9XL may be found on the June issue. es a small percentage of tone make the signal distinctive. SCHEDULES yuencies in MEGACYCLES per neths in parentheses.) Sunday Afternoon Schedules Schedules I Central Standard Time Schedule Time Schedule 4 B (PM) Cc f i f A 7 6.50 (46.1) 3:00 10.0 (30.0) 6.75 (44.4) 3:12 12.0 (25.0) 7.00 (42.8) 3:24 14.0 (21.4) 7.25 (41.3) 3:36 14.5 (20.7) 7.50 (40.0) 3:48 15.0 (20.0) 7.75 (38.7) 4:00 15.5 (19.3) 8.00 (37.5) 4:12 16.0 (18.7) 8.25 (36.3) 4:24 18.0 (16.7) 8.50 (35.3) 4:36 20.0 (15.0) 8.75 (34.3) 9.00 (33.3) 13 A 16 B 1 Cc 13 B 27 A 11 B 13 Cc 25 A ISION OF TIME QST QST nu 9XL. ashes broken by station call let- every half minute. OST APRIL, 1928 1 minute—announcement of frequency in megacycles per second (8.75 ee per sec. is sent as “8 r 75 MC.” 1 minute—announcement of frequency in a cycles per second. Special Notice—If you use the transmissions send a note to Experimenters’ Section, R.L., Hart- ford, Conn. R. S. K. FERRERO 1926 REVISTA TELEGRAFICA * RADIO titcoar Ato KVI -— f 185 EN LA CONFERENCIA OE aassortiaatbacad LA MAYORIA EUROPTA terre msn EL AFICIONADO, f+ tman! 00 comm quires ante AS REVISTA TELEGRAFICA OF BUENOS AIRES SEES THE WASHINGTON CONFERENCE The European Majority: “Crush him, executioner; crush him!” The Amateur: “Impossible. You can’t squeeze me any flatter.” +e A Correction An error occurred in the article “The DX Tape Measure” in the March issue. In the formula at the bottom of the second column on page 47 the figure 9.70193 should have been shown as the sum of the three logs above it. The line to indicate addition was misplaced. 8UxX+ SAMY BYE BYE PURTY BAGY

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les ec. les nd rt. we APRIL, 1928 OST 8DPO This Station is Built for the Future OST amateur transmitting sets are constructed around a par- ticular size of tube without any thought of an increase in power in the future. In many cases this is thought to be necessary as the man wants to get a set on the air with the smallest expenditure of money. However, if it is desirable to increase power at a later date, pleasing note that is easily picked up by the receiving operator and does not become wearying if one has to copy it for a lengthy period of time. The oscillatory circuit, filament and plate transformers, and keying relay are all mounted upon the panel and baseboards. It is only necessary to run the 110-volt a.c. leads to binding posts provided for them, A VIEW OF 8DPO The transmitter is located on a separate table from the receivers. This table also holds the key and writing utensils. On the other table holding the receiver is the Bosch “B” supply and a General Radio wavemeter. the cost is usually considerably more than it would be had the original parts been designed to work at the higher potentials and currents. These points were kept in mind and while the transmitter at 8DPO was primarily built to use a pair of UX- 210s, the parts were so chosen that it would only be necessary to shift to larger tube sockets and a higher voltage plate transformer to use a pair of 50 watters. The tuned-grid tuned-plate oscillatory circuit was chosen because it is stable in operation and easily adjusted. The two tubes are in a back-to-back or full-wave self-rectified arrangement which gives a hook a key and battery to the relay and clip the antenna onto the plate inductance in order to put the set in operation. The plate and prid tuning condensers are National double spaced units having a maximum capacity 450 pufds. The plate and grid blocking condensers are R.C.A. type number UC-1846 and have a capacity of approximately 36 pufds. Four of these are necessary and they are mounted in pairs on small stands. These, together with the tube sockets, r.f. chokes, and filament by-pass condensers are mounted on a small shelf which fits between the two tuning condensers. The two filament by-pass con-

Page 32

ch are Sangamo receiving type a ted just beneath the tube sockets wl ibove the filament lighting trans- f They are of 2000 uufd. capacity various connecting leads are, Ost

APRIL, 1928 One of these fittings takes the form of a heavy brass strap that is held by the tie rods which support the stator plates of the condenser. These tie rods are run out the back of the condenser as far as their length will allow so that the strap will be a satisfactory distance from the

<

es 5

endplate and the screws holding the pieces of insulating material in place. The upper end of the strap holds a col- lar into which the end of the stem of the coils fits. This collar may be clamped tightly around the coil stem by means of a simple locking arrange- ment. A piece of rod is threaded at one end and its other end is turned at right angles to act as a handle by which it may be turned. The side of the col- lar nearest the handle end of the screw, is threaded so that the screw may be run in and out of it. The other side of the clamp has a larger hole that will clear the rod. The rod terminates in a nut which is kept from turning on it

te short and solidly mounted. and grid chokes are similar 1 and consist of approximate- No. 30 d.s.c, wire wound bakelite tube. Only two of are visible in the photograph, being located behind the d stopping condensers. It is a able to make the two grid actly the same electrical con- st ess some arrangement is pro- the chokes may be tuned. ci ex Tl applies to the plate chokes al- th fference in them will not be as da In the absence of electrical me nts it is advisable to make them as 1 ing identical from a mechani- ca nt as can be done practically. If es differ greatly, the output for tl es will not be similar and the n poor. It may also cause the wa road and of an interfering nat ’f course, it is quite possible to ha if this nature if the tubes are not enough matched as to their el haracteristics. rl luctances are made of quarter- in r tubing that has been heavily si The two coils for a band ar r in all respects. For the 40- m<¢ i the coils are of four turns and art inches in diameter. The two ster e coils which fit into the clamps th them in place on the condensers ar mately five inches long. The 20-n ls are of three turns each, their dia nd the length of their stems be- ing ume as the 40-meter coils. The coil firmly fastened to the condensers by 1! of brass fittings which are mou n the condensers themselves.

by a bit of solder. As the rod is screwed out of the threaded side of the clamp, the nut pulls against the other side and causes the clamp to contract. It can, therefore, be made to grip the stem of the coil very tightly giving an excellent electrical contact, providing the surfaces are thoroughly clean.

A LOOK AT THE ‘WORKS’ Note the simple though effective arrangement used to hold the coils in place. The apparatus is mounted in a compact manner at the same time leaving plenty of space for getting at the various parts. The fila- ment transformer is located at the center of the baseboard and the plate transformer and keying re- lay are at opposite sides of it. The other clamp is fastened to one of the rods which holds the condenser frame together. It is really two clamps similar to the one described above. One of these clamps to the rod on the condenser frame and the other holds the coil stem. The proper relative positions of the two clamps to fit a given coil may be obtained by slid- ing the clamp on the support rod of the

Page 33

28 of the ites run as rap the the ice. ty a- 1e ie ir ie e 1S APRIL, 1928 condenser frame either backwards or for- wards to a point where the coil is in its correct position. In this manner it is pos- sible to use coils varying widely in their number of turns without it being necessary to vary the spacing between turns to make them all of a uniform length. Separate grid leaks and condensers are used for the tubes which help in obtaining stable operation. It is possible that trouble may be encountered in operating tubes in a full-wave self-rectified arrangement which is due to the generation of parasitic oscillations of a very high frequency. The effect usually shows up in the form of ex- cessive heating of the plates, erratic opera- tion with varying output or it may be indicated by an inability to obtain or hold a smooth note. A remedy that is, in most cases, quite effective is to insert a center- tapped choke in the circuit at the point where the two grid circuits and the lead to the grid inductance connect. The outer terminals of the choke are connected to the leads from the grids of the tubes and the center terminal goes to the grid cir- cuit inductance. Currents flowing from the center to the two grids will generate fields that oppose each other thereby giv- ing a non-inductive effect while currents tending to flow from one grid to the other meet with the full impeding effect of the choke. For 20 and 40 meters such a choke may consist of about twenty or twenty-five turns of wire on a % or %-inch form. The size of the wire is not very important. Double-cotton covering would be useful as it would give sufficient spacing between turns without requiring special precautions in the winding to obtain this result. It is also possible to use resistors in the grid leads to prevent parasitic oscillations. How- ever, the chokes are inexpensive and do the job in a satisfactory manner. A 300-watt, 750-volt Acme transformer supplies power to the plates and the fila- ments are excited by an R.C.A. 150-watt affair. An Allen-Bradley radiostat is in- serted in the 110-volt line to the primary of the latter and allows the filament volt- age to be kept at the proper value as in- dicated by a Jewell 0-15 volt a.c. meter. Both transformer primaries are in series with a single-pole toggle switch. A pilot light behind a red bullseye is a positive indication as to when the power is on. The normal plate current is between 110 and 130 milliamperes as registered on a 0-150 Jewell milliammeter. A pony telegraph relay is used for key- ing. It is inserted in the primary circuit of the plate transformer as this position will give less trouble from key clicks than will keying in the center tap or negative high voltage leads. Excessive arcing at the contacts may be prevented by shunt- ing them with a half mike condenser in OST 35 series with a resistance. The value of the resistance may be between fifty and two- thousand ohms and can be determined by experimentation alone. If any trouble is had with key clicks, an adjustment of this resistor will usually help matters consider- ably. The key itself is connected in series with a six-volt storage battery and the relay winding thereby being entirely WHAT APPEARS ON THE PANEL OF THE TRANSMITTER The toggle switch just below the knob of the Radiostat is in the primary circuit of both trans- formers and is, therefore, the main switch con- trolling the power supply to the set. The bullseye next to it indicates whether or not the power is turned on. The hole through which the tube is viewed is large enough so that one could get a full view of the plate of a 203-A were that type used. isolated from the higher voltage circuits. The 39-meter antenna used with the transmitter is of the Hertz type. It is ap- proximately sixty-four feet long and thirty- five feet high and is supported by two tele- phone poles that are used for masts. At the exact center of the antenna there is a ten-watt thirty-two volt Mazda lamp. The feeder line, which is a single wire, is taken off at a point that is exactly half- way between the lamp and one end of the antenna. This feeder may be twenty-five or one hundred twenty-five feet long with- out effecting the wavelength of the system. Pyrex insulation is employed throughout and the feeder enters the house through bowl insulators and connects to the feeder series condenser which can be seen to the left of the lead-in insulator. This con- denser is a UC-1803 unit of 25 wpyfd. capacity. There is also a 19.5-meter Hertz which is almost 32 feet long and the same height as the 39-meter one. Its current indicat- ing and feed system is closely equivalent to that of the larger antenna. A switch located just outside of the window may be thrown to connect the 19.5- or 39-meter antenna to the set. The same lead-in through the wall is, therefore, used for both systems. No ground connection is used on either wave. (Concluded on page 42)

Page 34

Plate Plate Mu Max outpt Fil Ht Dia Ba says rive! 250 for to in paper try com! the

Mutua Fil. Amr OsT

APRIL, 1928 The UX-250—CX-350 Tube very excellent little CX-350— X-250 tube is the unhappy victim more hard luck than the heroine in old-fashioned serial movie. Mad- mors have surrounded it for 6 nd now its own folks are not agree- story they will tell in announc- f that isn’t enough the samples me through with such amazing slow- QST even at this date has been ed to go out and borrow some from ‘riend in order to have some chance e out just what to believe. FAMOUS “25-WATT” RATING rrapevine telegraph was busy for onths announcing the 250 as a , 200-volt tube”. That at least can ed on the head at once. The 250 from being a 25-watt tube at 200 it has little (if any) advantage 171 at that plate voltage. question is, ‘Is it ever a 25- As to that, we will tell the t has been shown us, after which will be as good as another’s. rumors made it a 25-watt tube. R.C.A mimeod release says, ed as a transmitting tube the UX- ted at 25 watts as against the 7.5- r of the UX-210”, ideration of the amplifier rat- f the structure of the tube made that perhaps the typist had hit key in cutting the stencil. D. In response to our questions, R.C.A. cannot stand such high temperatures. On the other hand it is larger. Cancelling these things against each other one arrives at the conclusion that the 250 ought to be able to stand about twice the plate dissipa- tion of the 210. Rough tests seemed to show that a pair of 210 tubes in parallel were a bit more than equivalent to a 250. All of this suggests that the typist should have hit the “1” key and made the rating “15 watts”, unless the idea is to rerate the other tubes of the line, which might not be a bad idea at that, the present ratings being ultra-conser- vative as compared to the foreign tubes we have used. Certainly, with high-efficiency circuits it is possible to obtain more than rating from all of the older tubes of the R.C.A. line. Meanwhile, whatever the proper rating may be, the UX-250 is a fine little oscilla- tor, even if such activities are not ap- proved by its makers!

AS AN AMPLIFIER In table A, the figures for the UX-210 are taken from standard information of

) oscillator ratings of the UX- tube is, in fact, not recommended transmitting circuits, contrary ation given out by various news- the only choice that leaves, is to ‘facturing some information from ns with the 210 and from trying The plate of the 250 is of a less metal than that of the 210 and

TABLE A PARISON OF UX-210 AND UX-250 AS AMPLIFIERS. BRACKETED VALVES REFER TO 210 Itage ee 250 350 425 _ 450 Grid Bias (8) 45 (27) 63 (35) — 84 rrent (12) 28 (18) 45 3) = ( o—<—_————————_—_

Page 35

A. On ing ves be pa- igh hat in ore 50. iat hit ess the ne, ad ont er- we icy an ng la- ip- 10 of ll tl id, Bd re ye *h 4 APRIL, 1928 OST Keying Master-Oscillator Circuits By Beverly Dudley* have the choice of keying (1) the oscil- lator, (2) the amplifier, or (3) both the amplifier and the oscillator. If the oscillator is keyed, there is a pos- sibility that key clicks will be present in the emitted wave. A further disadvantage in keying the oscillator is the fact that the wave is not as steady as if the oscillator were kept running continuously. This un- steady state or creeping, may change the emitted frequency as much as several hun- dred cycles. Each time the key goes down and the tube heats its elements expand and change the frequency of the emitted signal. The single advantage of keying the oscil- lator in master-oscillator circuits is that keying is positive. Keying the amplifier has the advantage that the oscillator does not creep, and the signal is consequently easier to read. Key clicks are apt to be present when keying the amplifier but do not seem quite as pro- nounced as when keying the oscillator. The disadvantage of most methods of keying the oscillator is that some energy is radiated from the oscillator’ even when the key is in the up position. Keying both the amplifier and the oscil- lator makes for definite action, but key [: keying master-oscillator circuits we a — 4 AC ~ Pate + 7 FIGURE 1. KEYING TESTS clicks are often present, and the arrange- ment has the further disadvantage of creeping. Key clicks may of course be eliminated, or their deleterious effects greatly reduced, through the use of a key thump filter. In keying a small, and low power master os- cillator circuit, it was desired to (1) secure definite and positive keying action, (2) elim- * Technical Editor, Chicago Evening Post; 9BR, 4739 Central Park Ave., Chicago, I l. That is to say some power from the oscillator reaches the antenna by accidental coupling even when the amplifier is not working. This happens in prac- tically all oscillator-amplifier transmitters though the erator frequently does not know it.—Tech. Ed. inate key clicks, or reduce thir effects to a negligible value, and (3) to accomplish keying with a medium of apparatus. A study was made as shown in Fig. 1. By keying in the negative side of the plate supply (A) both the oscillator and the am- plifier were very effectively keyed but key THE CENTER TAP METHOD OF FIG. 1 AS USED AT 9BR It will be noticed that in this circuit and the one of Fig. 3 the amplifier is not “neutralized”. This has nothing to do with the keying method and will be ex- plained in a later paper. FIGURE 2. clicks were very pronounced and a key thump filter would have been necessary for operation. If possible a key thump filter was to be eliminated to fulfill condition (3) named above. The grid circuit of the oscillator was keyed by placing the key at the point B. Action was definite and sure. Key clicks were not as bad as when keying in po- sition A. In both positions A and B, the oscillator had a tendency to creep, and while this was not bad when sending dots, the frequency and power output varied noticeably when sending long dashes and this method of keying was eliminated for this reason. The key was next inserted at C in the grid circuit of the amplifier tube. The keying was found to be rather erratic. Furthermore, a considerable portion of the full power of the transmitter was being radiated when the key was up, and it was not found possible to set the neutralizing capacity to such a value as to cut the an- tenna current down to zero without pro- ducing a strong tendency of the amplifier to oscillate. If the neutralizing capacity was adjusted to prevent the amplifier from oscillating, the antenna current was about 10% of its full value even with the key up. If the neutralizing capacity was adjusted to cut the antenna current to zero, the am-

Page 36

plifi nearly always found to oscil- late found to be unstable. I do not ur ind just why this should occur. I r around with different keying met! ve came across the method of “oo ead” or “center-tap” keying show! ). This arrangement effectively sto} the amplifier and the oscil- lat t causing objectionable clicks. In { clicks could barely be heard on a tl iit regenerative receiver used reception, located three feet fre ransmitter. This circuit was ust e time but the wave was found By at point E, the oscillator was kept throughout the entire trans- mis hat the tendency to creep was elin N key clicks were heard witl rangement, and in addition, ope} ositive, the antenna current beit en the key was up. The key at | w potentials, both d.c. and r.f. as t tap on the filament is usually gr It essary to employ condensers and in shunt with the key in this pos to the load of the antenna, +44 __ | $4 FIGURI THE METHOD OF KEYING BY BREAKI THE RADIO FREQUENCY PLATE CIR IT OF THE AMPLIFIER AT 9BR While probably less suited to high power work this method i roughly satisfactory from the standpoint of the r ne operator and the nearby broadcast listener ar siso has the advantage of not requiring a keying f the f1 y of the emitted signal several thou cles different than the fre- quenc} ‘illations when the oscillator is runnil ( However, the transmitter can | ted to give the desired emitted wave, as no power is radiated when the ke it does not matter if the oscil- lator n ins a different frequency when idle tl} hen feeding the antenna. TI 1s also inserted at the point F, but d to the capacity of the key and its a d leads, so much r.f. energy was by) d that keying was impossible. Th ng methods shown at D and E, » found to be the best of all OST APRIL, 1928 the keying systems tried. The keying sys- tem shown at D was used for quite a while. The complete circuit using this keying method is shown in Fig. 2. However, the keying system shown at E operated better than position D, and had the advantage of not requiring the use of relays, key thump filters, or other accessory apparatus. The final circuit used is shown in Fig. 3. The final keying system used has the disad- vantage of supplying d.c. to the plate of the amplifier at all times. This has never been found objectionable in the case of 210 tubes, but might prove so in the case of larger tubes. The resistance across the plate supply is simply used to “empty the filter” as a filter having a total inductance of 50 H. and total capacity of 9 mfd. as used here retains its charge a long time. — 2s The UX-250—CX-350 Tube (Continued from Page 36) from the Sept., 1926, issue of QST some General Electric data to indicate how the amplifier rating and oscillator rating of a tube of this general type may he ex- pected to compare. The following figures are correct for an older type of 210 but the general proportions of the picture may be expected to apply to the present 210 and to the 250. As As amplifier oscillator Plate volts 425 (max) 350 Plate mils 30 (max) 60 Input watts 12.7 21 Rated safe Plate loss 12 15 7.5 watts at eff. of 37.5% Output watts Note that the max. amplifier input rat- ing is approximately equal to the max. safe plate loss when used as amplifier (natural- ly since the plate circuit input is mainly plate loss when the tube is not working for a moment) also that the oscillator plate loss is 5/4 of this. Referring that to the 250 we have a max. input rating of 55 mils at 450 volts which is 24.8 watts, suggesting a plate dissipation of 24 watts when resting as an amplifier. Following the assumption, we have 5/4 (24)=30 watts plate dissipation as an oscillator which compares nicely with the 2-to-1 result of the rough test mentioned above. Finally, if we assume the same 37.5% efficiency for this tube as was used in rat- ing the 210 we have an oscillator rating of 15 watts and an input of 42 watts at a plate voltage of ? ? ? and a current of ? ? ?. All of which is another method of guess- ing, but arrives at the same result. —R. S. K.

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rae “SG hi @ S Phe @® OQ YY Se — "| Ve APRIL, 1928 OST Easy Tuning in the Short-Wave Bands By F. Austin Lidbury * that those who do not mind using a few extra coils in such receivers can obtain much greater ease of tuning by the use of a condenser in the tuning cir- cuit with a high ratio of minimum to maxi- mum capacity. A condenser which will vary from 25-to 50-unf (shunted as it is by tube capacity and other capacities of an unavoid- able nature) will usually tune a coil of the proper inductance and fairly low distri- buted capacity over a range equal to one of the short wave bands with a slight but com- fortable margin Three properly propor- tioned coils will therefore cover the 20-, 40- and 80-meter bands respectively; five or six intermediate coils will be necessary to cover the ranges between. Such a condenser can readily be made from a Cardwell 250 pwuf. variable by re- moving the list, 3rd and 5th of the five stator plates, and all but one of the rotor plates. This gives a double-spaced variable of about 25 uuf. To this is added about 25 unf. of fixed capacity’ by supporting another plate (which is connected to the frame and is therefore equivalent to an additional rotor plate) about 1/16” from the back stator plate, by drilling out the threads from the three holes which will be found on the back end-plate, threading and riveting three 6-32 bolts (from which the heads have been cut) at corresponding places on the extra plate, which is thus held firmly to the back end- plate by 2 nuts (one each side of the end- plate) on each of the bolts. (See photograph.) This gives also an easy method of adjust- ing the value of the fixed or minimum capac- ity, by increasing or decreasing the distance of the extra plate from the back stator plate, HE increasing use of plug-in-coil re- ceivers brings out the suggestion WAVEMETER CONDENSER A condenser which fills the rather severe requirements for use in a wavemeter capable of really accurate work in the higher fre- quency bands can be made as follows: Start with a General Instrument Type 51 F—.001 variable condenser. This has 22 rotor plates and 21 stator plates. Counting from the “panel” end, remove all but the A.R.R.L., Box 619, *Experimenters’ Section, Niagara Falls, New York. l. There is a very general idea that the goodness of a tuner is determined by the smallness of the tuning condenser and that a very high L/C ratio proves that the tuner is excellent. There is room for argument on this point because the story isn’t all told by L and C; we must also consider the R of the coil, which goes up as L goes up. See Glenn H. Browning’s “Rating Circuit Resistance,” page 42 of QST for December, 1925.—Tech. Ed. 2nd, 5th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th and 20th of the stator plates: and all but the 1st, 4th and 7th of the rotor plates. If you reassembled the condenser at this stage there would be 7 fixed plates and 3 movable plates, one out- side and two meshing with the front fixed plates. It is now necessary to provide, be- tween the remaining fixed plates, four plates which, though grounded like the rotor plates, are not attached to the rotor and remain “in,” whatever the position of the rotor. This is done by so shaping four flat brass plates that (while having ample clearance from the slotted metal pieces to which the stator plates are attached, as well as clear- ance for the shaft) they each have three projecting arms which can be fastened to the two top and center bottom hexagonal rods which separate the end plates of the condenser. These should then be firmly fixed in positions exactly between the five remaining rear stator plates, preferably by slotting the hexagonal rods referred to and soldering the brass plates in position. You now have, on reassembling, a condenser with seven insulated stator plates and seven THE RECONSTRUCTED CARDWELL CONDENSER The grounded fixed plate can be set at various dis- tances from the insulated stator. grounded plates, of which four are perma- nently and immovably “in” and three (at- tached to the rotor) variable. On reassem- bling, care should be taken to tighten up all bolts thoroughly: preferably they should then be soldered in position. A condenser so prepared has the following properties all of which are desirable in a

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wa quer ti of ot 2 ance capa (2 { max tan ban with abov each thus po can 100- hood degr tains year (and ar of the 10 sions from wide those 37.4 t ditions ° ite ng a for precise work at higher fre- ridity of construction and absence at shaft bearings. The extremely cing further assists the mainten- nstant and reproducible values of at a given setting. xd electrical characteristics. *h a high ratio of minimum to capacity that a suitable induc- cover but one of the amateur wave h a slight leeway at each end. latter respect a wavemeter built a condenser differs radically from rally in use, which cover with each S STRAIGHT VERNIER 1 ver~wer scale {| my swe ae ae ae X *tste vr et« B ————— a | 2h trisions here equal to 10 on main scale METHOD OF READING | read 27 then follow aleng until a line an A cor 8 Tars Aagpens at 4, therefore sara * CIRCULAR VERNIER F ttc Read Regular stale here .s 9 ~— fing Shown +$ $98 RNIER SCALES enormous frequency range that ning is impractical. A wavemeter e the lines of that described in the f Standards Letter Circular 185, condenser such as described s a useful frequency range with of radio approximately 1:1.16; i0-meter coil covers a range from 43.4 meters. Very sharp tuning is i by using a “vernier,” readings produced to 1/10 of a division of lial, or somewhere in the neighbor- 1%. This is a considerably higher ‘ accuracy than under present con- an absolute calibration can be ob- r. It is not higher, however, than d desirable, and necessary next vernier” is here used in its earlier rrect) sense, ie., that of a device for ‘ scale divisions by means of a station- has 10 divisions, each of which is 9/10 { a division of the moving scale. The the fixed scale therefore cover 9 divi- he moving scale. The device is familiar se on micrometer calipers and surveyor’s Tech. Ed. OST APRIL, 1928 Financial Statement Y order of the Board of Directors the following statement of the income and disbursements of the American Radio Relay League for the fourth quarter of 1927 is published for the information of the membership. K. B. WARNER Secretary. STATEMENT OF REVENUE AND EXPENSES FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED DEC. 31, 1927. REVENUE Advertising sales, QST .......... $18,844.38 Newsdealer sales ............... 17,511.18 PE GED nccsescccvcsoccs 3,456.81 Handbook advertising sales ..... 1,297.50 Dues and subscriptions .......... Back numbers, etc. ..... Emblems Interest earned, bank deposits ... Cash discounts earned 111.22 366.05 $51,937.65 Deduct : Returns and allowances ......... 6,692.93 Provision for newsdealer returns 2,324.71 Discount 2% for cash ........... 337.72 Exchange and collections ........ 10.65 9,366.01 Been TROUGRED 6acieiincave 42,571.64 EXPENSES Publication expenses, QST ....... 15,745.25 Publication expenses, Handbook . 2,783.30 Salaries and commissions ....... 16,650.33 Forwarding expenses ........... 735.58 Telegraph. telephone and postage 1,241.17 Office supplies and general ex- DEED 066644664 008 Rseb ccc rc 02 2,194.90 Rent, light and heat vies 933.93 Traveling expenses ............-. 1,113.46 Depreciation of furniture and CEE cncccccaveesasecsecs 235.17 Bad debts written off ......... , 278.60 Communications Dept. field ex- DORRD ccccccevececcescacesese 104.90 Total Tepemees 2. ccccccccccsececs 42,016.59 Net Gain from Operations ........ $ 655.05 ‘ 4p Strays $s If you work a station signing okMNX don’t write in and tell us you’ve snagged a new one. His QRA won’t be worth having because it will be some non-existent place in Africa, Siberia or what have you. Sev- eral stations have been “worked” by okMNX and as near as we can make out it is the call used by members of Barney Google’s Billy-Goat Club. We were mighty pleased to hear that John M. Clayton who is well known to readers of QST has recently been appointed as secretary to the Institute of Radio En- gineers succeeding Dr. Alfred N. Gold- smith who is now president of the Institute. Hearty congratulations from all at hdqs. go to J. M. C. on his advance. ~—Konm nest Hse a fb eo aso - ee ae | noe =a

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the ind dio of OR 1g ce v- Vy it APRIL, 1928 OST A Portable Receiver By James J. Lamb* HE major points considered in the de- sign and construction of the receiver were that it should be sturdy and com- pact, self-contained, totally shielded, and adaptable to use with a short-wave r. f. amplifier or super het. The panel is of % inch hard rubber stock, 7 by 12 inches in size and backed with alu- minum shielding 1/16 inch thick. The hard rubber was first marked and drilled for instruments to be mounted and then this panel was used for the template in drilling the aluminum shield. The holes in the shielding were drilled sufficiently large to pass all shafts without contact with the exception of the tuning condenser shaft bearing, which is grounded. Mica paper insulation was used to insulate the shell of the regeneration control resistor, the shell of the volume control resistor, the THE DIAGRAM WITH CONSTANTS Cl 50-uufd General Radio miniature variable used in series with antenna. C2 Same as Cl, used to tune L1 C3 100-uufd Sangamo mica grid condenser. C4 Sangamo 1000-upnfd mica bypass condenser. C5 .25-ufd Tobe fixed condenser. Rl 5-meg. gridleak. R2 50,000-ohm Frost rheostat for regeneration con- trol. R3 1-meg gridleak for preventing fringe howl. R4 20-ohm Yaxley Filament rheostat. 5 500,000-ohm Frost rheostat used as a gain control. Tr Stromberg-Carlson audio transformers. National dials used. filament switch, the filament rheostat and the phone jack. Empire cloth or similar sheet insulation material would be equally serviceable. The sub-panel is mounted on Benjamin aluminum brackets, and carries on its top the inductance socket, tube sockets and audio transformers. Bolted to the back of the sub-panel brackets is a hard rubber strip earrying the binding posts and an- tenna series condenser. The circuit is quite conventional, and em- *3CEI, ex9CEI, care Dr. James J. Cahill, 2607 Connecticut Ave., Washington, D. C. bodies the features recommended by the Technical Staff of QST in recent issues. The plug-in inductances are wound on UX tube bases, and an UX socket is used as a REAR VIEW TO SHOW INTERIOR ARRANGEMENT Four sockets are provided, three for tubes and one for the tuning coils. The batteries have been removed to expose the apparatus. mounting. Regeneration control is by means of a Frost 50,000-ohm maximum va- riable resistor, shunted by a .25-ufd. fixed condenser to eliminate any tendency to scratching noises. The first audio transformer has a 1 megohm resistance shunted across its secondary to eliminate fringe howl, and this it does with no loss of signal volume. This resistor may have to be of lower value with some transformers of different make or type. The second audio transformer has its secondary shunted by a Frost variable re- sistor having a maximum resistance of 500,- 000 ohms, and this serves as a volume con- trol of infinite variation, being not only useful in controlling signal volume, but also in attaining a more favorable signal to static and background ratio on weak sig- nals. The cabinet is made of 1/16 inch alu- minum sheet, and is 12 inches wide, 12 inches deep and 7 inches in height. The corners are formed of pieces of the alumi- num stock bent in the form of right angles, and the pieces forming the panel shield, sides, bottom and back bolted to these angles. The top is made of a sheet 12 by 12 inches, with angles bolted to the under side so as to fit snugly against the sides of the cabinet when the top is in place. The top is not hinged, and is therefore com- pletely and quickly removable.

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Thi uses three tubes of the 199 type, and tl juisite dry-cell A battery and 45 volt B ery are contained in the cabinet. In mn, the receiver “handles” very well, ne no body-detuning effects or oy FRONT VIEW OF THE SET WITH BATTERIES IN PLACE Ever is ready for reception except the an- tenna, which is simply a length of small magnet wire that can taken down readily, wound up and dropped ir the pocket or the set. The left Nat- ional dia ytrols the regeneration, the right one the tunir The upper rheostat controls the fila- ment, th »wer one the gain in the audio system. The filament switch is at the lower right and the phone ’ st the lower lift. nois the variable condenser and re- gene! ntrol. The variation of the rege! 1 control has no detuning effect on th nal, and the regeneration control has und very satisfactory on the re- ception phone signals. Th are wound on ordinary UX tube Those that have been made so far ai follows, all wound with No. 28 D.S.C Wavel h range Tuned coil Tickler (grid input) 8.5 1lx % 9% Ts 6 6 band 38% 5% l, or grid input or “secondary” OST APRIL, 1928 (there is no primary coil so this name is hardly appropriate) coil is in each case the upper one, the tickler being nearest the base. Longer forms may be used with the same plug-in arrangement and go into the broadcast band. The outer carrying case is an ordinary hinged one made for traveling. eee 8DPO (Continued from page 35) The receiver is of the popular type using Aero Coils and capacitive control of oscil- lation, The plate voltage is obtained from a Bosch “B” supply and it is found that the knob which controls the detector voltage may be advantageously used as a control of oscillation. It helps greatly in “build- ing up” weak signals. A ground connec- tion to a cold water pipe is used on the receiver. An antenna that is 135 feet long has been found to be the best that has been tried here for receiving. The station which is located at 136-11th Street, Warwood. Wheeling, W. Va., is the property of Mr. Ross J. Arrick. It is oper- ated by him and Mr. John F. Niess and was constructed by 2AMB located at Wood- bridge, N. J. Me Strays) 9CGY had a lot of trouble getting a d. c. note from his transmitter and, after try- ing everything else he could think of, dis- covered that what was needed was an ad- justment of the center tap of the filament transformer. He finds now that he can change the note from r. a. c. to d. ¢. just by shifting the contactor on the potentio- meter shunted across the filament trans- former. Perhaps such a stunt might help some of the notes one hears on the air; it certainly couldn’t do any harm to them. Overheard at the local BCL club, “Well, Sir! I put a lot of thumb tacks along my aerial—I don’t know why I did it—but— ad nauseam.”—5CO. LocK arti — SPECIAL Keys made to a DISCOUNTS = —— FRECE BRS 0 _ POUNDING THE KEY

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APRIL, 1928 OST 43 Variable A-, B- and C-Power From D.C. Mains By F. I. Anderson* RECT current supply is available in large areas of many cities and towns, and since the system of dis- tribution smooths it out very near- ly flat, it isn’t much of a job to take out the residual hum. The beauty of it is that it will furnish A, B and C-power for re- ceiving sets at practically no cost, which (being almost something for nothing) should appeal to the ham. I give below the hook-up I have been using in New York City for the past year. The diagram is self-explanatory. My choke is an Amertran 418, which will carry 3 amps without appreciable drop. I use “five-and-ten” carbon lamps (115 volts) in series for the divider circuit, from which the B voltages are drawn. Variable resist- ances may be used instead. The rheostat controlling the A voltage is reversed, because it is used as a by-pass. The more current is by-passed through the rheostat, the lower the voltage in the tubes, and vice versa. Take an ordinary rheostat (say of 50 or 60 ohms) and mount it back- wards, so that when you turn it “on” (to the right) you really turn it “off’—if you know what I mean! The rheostat and volt- meter are both, of course, in parallel with the filaments. Your reading lamp is used to trim the voltage for the filaments. Since we only take away 5 volts for the filaments, the reading lamp doesn’t know the difference, and we continue to use the lamp for the purpose for which it was intended. Of course if you listen in in daylight, the reading lamp is so much waste; but at night the radio beneficiently furnishes light for noth- ing, or the reading lamp _ beneficiently furnishes radio power for nought; as you please. The size of your read- ing lamp—this being really a check-valve on amps—depends on the size of your set. You ean figure exactly, by the IR formula. Allow approximately 32 watts (at 120 volts) per quarter-amp tube or equivalent. Thus, 4 201A’s and 1 112 equal 6 tubes, and take 192 watts. A 200-watt lamp will do the trick, the rheostat taking up the slack. Or use a 150-watt lamp and a 40- watt lamp in parallel, and dispense with rheostat and filament voltmeter altogether. I have not used mine in months. The C voltage is taken off the IR drop of a resistance in the negative leg, next to the fuse plug. I use a burnt out heater unit for the resistance. It is adjusted to 5 ohms, and is shunted by a potentiometer, and a 4ufd. fixed condenser. This latter New York City. Le xington Ave., may be low voltage and cheap. I use a 907 Dubilier and find it quite good enough. For several C voltages of varying values, which we always need, use several potentio- metevs. Since all the A and B current Nol needed cruanted py By c- A- A+ 8- det. Amp 9 9 9 — eT ¢ and tpld or AN ~a | - Reversed more fe This part used only it vo/tag: Jolejele ieee | @ Sats) fr pomeramp 8 ‘ passes through this resistance, it is simple enough to design the C resistance for your own needs. In the above case, 1% amps passing through 5 ohms give us an IR drop of 7% volts. Your potentiometer takes what it wants of this. As Kruse brought out in his article on eliminators in Feb., 1926, QST, a mutual C voltage has a com- pensating effect on hum, since grid bucks plate. If you want to use 171’s, you will need more C bias—always at the expense of B voltage, remember. To get it, trim your heater element to the correct resistance. These heater elements can be bought new and entire on the sidewalk stores for 50 cents, and contain about 20 ohms of nich- rome wire. As you trim C volts off B, you can build up B again by adding B bat- tery blocks in series on the B end. Since this battery block is used, and only partial- ly, for the last tube only, it makes a very economical arrangement. If you are a brave man and possess an electrician’s license, go down in the cellar and get hold of the other side of the Edison three-wire system, with its 240 volts, for your higher B voltage on the last tube. This of course will require another filter system. I have been using tubes a whole year with this hook-up which speaks well for voltage regulation. Occasionally we hear a hum, when their commutators get dirty or rough, but usually it is almost “pure d. ce.” Since you can get any voltage you want, up to 120, on the filament end, makes a handy re-activator, if your thoughts run in that direction. There is no minus B tap, this being taken (Continued on Page 45)

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Experimenters’ [ R-12, existing quiescently for account of the limitations 1 on it by three electrode tubes, , advent of the UX-222, bloomed rtl its glory. Experimenters’ Sec- ion M rs have been quick to grasp the poss offered by the new tube and we are resent the report and deduc- tior of them—the ever-active I } The UX-222 as a Short-Wave Amplifier By F. A. Lidbury* A D ER of measurements of voltage yi ition with the UX-222 at fre- ! ween 3 and 18 megacycles has out at this station. It is not he lic T tne method and detailed re- sult interest enough readers to walrr ation, but a discussion of the ger ts is likely to be of service to th h to use this tube as a short- wal fier. The tube with its associ- ated iit was of course thoroughly shi | all leads by-passed and choked; itteries were also used. The ted in feeding the grid with al tely constant voltage (about 25 | measuring the output by a r A tuning condenser of a arads shunted the plug-in in- duct the plate circuit of the 222. It | that; (1), Amplifications of ttainable in the 20-meter 20 in the 80-meter band, good receiver coils. (2), nea ol pan ver Qua ils being equal, the amplifica- tion with the amount of inductance, and as the square root of the induct- anc¢ Most coils show an almost flat am- plifi ctor over the tuning range of abou ve. (4), Improving the coil by the vier wire than usual, properly pa on, increases the amplifica- tion a very considerable improve- me! only a moderate improve- me ation as compared with an ord il. The use of a very poor coi r hand, violently reduces the am} (5), Slightly higher ampli- fica bserved on a tube voltmeter isi urrent characteristic (high neg ) than on one using grid curre? teristic, (grid leak to posi- tive . The small difference will probal compensate for the consider- ably sensitivity of the latter type 1 use. St., Niagara Falls, N. Y-~ OST APRIL, 1928 Section Report As the measurements in question were done on a tube voltmeter, it is a question as to how far the results can be applied to an oscillating detector. Measurements, at least reliable ones, under such conditions would be much more difficult to carry out. How the impedance of the tuned circuit in the plate of the 222, looked at from that tube, would be affected, if at all, by setting the detector into which it feeds, and whose tuned grid circuit it constitutes, into oscillation, is an interesting subject of speculation on which it would be useful to get the opinions of some theoretical sharks. Insofar as the present results may apply to those condi- tions, the first clear conclusion would be to use as large an inductance and as small a tuning capacity as possible, both of course of the best possible quality. As usual there is an unfortunate inherent limit. There is a high plate-to-ground capacity in the 222; of the order of 15 picofarads. This is in shunt with the tuning condenser, so also THE LATEST 5-METER LOW-POWER TRANS- MITTER AT 8CMP, STATION OF DR. E. C. WOOD- RUFF, DIRECTOR, ATLANTIC DIVISION In this view the tuned circuit may be seen. It consists of the tuning condenser on the farther sup- port together with the single turn formed by the two copper strips connecting the uprights at the top. The end of the strips nearest the reader are con- nected by the micadon stopping condenser, to one side of which the plate supply is connected and from the other side of which the adjustable grid leak goes to filament. The plate and grid of the tube are con- nected across the variable condenser, thus giving the usual ultraudion circuit with excellent mechanical rigidity. is the grid-filament capacity of the detector tube, and all the stray capacities of the wir- ing, sockets, bases, etc., between the plate of the 222 and the grid of the detector. All told, we have a minimum capacity of some- thing like 25 picofarads, which is inherent in the circuit, and can be reduced very little

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APRIL, 1928 by such devices as debasing the tube and paying very careful attention to stray capac- ities. It will be well, however, to select a tuning condenser with an extremely small minimum capacity, and build inductances so VIEW FROM OTHER END OF THE 8CMP 5-METER TRANSMITTER This view shows plate feed terminal and adjusta- ble grid leak connections to the “stopping” end of the tuned circuit, also grid and filament connections to the “tuning” end on the nearer upright. that they tune to the lowest desired wave- length with plates “all out”. The maximum capacity of the condenser will be deter- mined by the range desired, but at higher wavelengths a better amplification will be obtained by using a larger coil than by using the same coil with a large tuning condenser. The writer hazards the guess that much of the disappointment which has been ex- pressed by amateurs who have tried without much success to use the tube as a short- wave amplifier is due to an improper L/C ratio; to too large C and much too small L. While the coil should be as good as rea- sonably possible, over-fussiness in its con- struction will scarcely repay the trouble. A puzzling thing about the writer’s measure- ments was the flat amplification frequency characteristic obtained on most coils. The answer became clear when one of his re- ceiver coils was compared with; (a), a similar coil of much heavier wire (No. 12) and (b), one of much finer wire (No. 36). All these coils tuned from about 25 to 50 m. The receiver coil (No. 22 wire) gave a factor varying little from 11.5 over that range; the No. 12 wire had a factor of 14.5 at the highest wavelength, which diminished to 13 at the bottom; the No. 36 wire had a factor of only 2.6 at the top, and increased to 5 at 25 meters. This increase with fre- quency is what would ordinarily be expected from any given coil-condenser combination, if that combination were all that entered into the question, but the other capacities mentioned in the last paragraph enter into Ost 45 the argument more and more as the value of the tuning condenser is reduced. The principal of these is the plate to shield-grid capacity of the amplifier tube, (with which can be lumped the grid-filament capacity of the detector). This is connected to the in- ductance through the tube lead-in wires, which are not the kind of material we should choose when we are trying to obtain a re- sistanceless resonant circuit! The more our tuning condenser is “out”, the more of the circulating current is compelled to travel over these resistances, and this circum- stance neutralizes the increased amplifica- tion one would expect with a given coil-con- denser combination as one reduced the vari- able condenser with increase of frequency. (If your coil is so bad that its resistance is larger than that of the tube leads, you get the increased amplification with frequency: but in such cases of course the amplifica- tion is comparatively small.) The limita- tions imposed by this circumstance are like- ly to become so serious at waves much shorter than 20 meters as to render 222 am- plication a practical impossibility, unless Kruse can persuade the R. C. A. to put out a line of tubes with nice fat silver lead-in wires, or something equally good! ——EE °@e — Variable A-, B- and C- Power From D. C. Mains (Continued from Page 43) care of automatically. Also, no ground is needed on a receiver ordinarily using one. If you do use a ground, be sure and use a fixed condenser, say % mike, in series. Since we want all the inductance we can get in the choke, it will suggest itself to the experimenter to design a special choke in place of resistance R, for the C voltage. This would be killing several birds with one stone. Wind 3 pounds of No. 18 enameled wire on a laminated core 1% inches square. This should carry 2 amps without running too warm for comfort. If you run a super het, and your read- ing lamp is too bright—a 10-tube set might take 320 watts—scatter the lights among several receptacles, always in parallel, of course. If you can’t do this, and don’t want so much light, use old fashioned car- bon lamps. a —— x +76 SSS A SHIELDED, CRYSTAL CONTROLLED UNIT

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Ter P. E. Handy, Communications Manager 1711 Park St., Hartford, Conn. ) R. S. Commandments By John J. Hallahan* forget to report to thy S.C.M. ay of each month. leavor to arrange schedules and ep them. x these schedules to thy Rout« month ace correct and complete address each message. permit messages to remain on 18 hours. repeat each word twice unless sire tional CQ when thou hast file of all messages for at abbreviations in the text a good wavemeter and clock ut all times. AFFIC BRIEFS ard found its way in from photographic type, and car- f the transmitter in the upper the whole station in the lower two pictures is a strip con In the upper left corner is r head who sez “‘Here’s what is n the opposite corner is the log sheet. on which he writes It’s one of the “must be weekly sked with VCJ Straits, and was QSO with Island Hudson Straits, on ame KDZ of the present Wilkins Arctic eports working him, and says 1 R7 to 3, iew, on 33.1 meters. g message during the QSO: Alaska, naKDZ, Mar. 1, Wilkins Arctic Expedition at Fair- d word ARRL giving them Capt. Wilkins arrived Fair- rht We are testing radio be- lane It is installed at radio Geo. Jnaki operating nw. Pse there to listen for us. We contacts arranged.” a radiogram from KDZ via traffic for Fairbanks be routed nd between 9.99 and 10.71 28.000 ke) has been opened teur use by action of the Commission at the request Now to try 10-meters with pes of antennas to get it to real long distance work! Intelligence Tests for Amateurs By John A. Bayles, 8AY A* Question No. 1 POP has a 5 watter and CQ’s 586 times and does rot raise a single station. Which of the fol- lowing should he do? (1) Sell his set. (2) Put in a new grid leak. (3) Send out an SOS. (4) Start calling a few stations. (5) Write a hot letter to QST razzing everybody. Question No. 2 STOT had a UX-210. He put 2000 volts on the plate. He has not been heard lately. Why not? Underline correct reason: (1) He is in jail. (2) He is putting in a 250 watter. (3) His UX-210 is de- ceased. (4) He got married. (5) His license ex- pired. Question No. 3 The BCL living next door to SMAT has complained about SMATs key clicks spoiling his music. Which of the following should 8MAT do about it? (1) Tell the BCL to go to Hades. (2) Quit operating from seven to ten PM. (3) Beat up the BCL. (4) Put in a keying filter. (5) Use compensated wave keying. Question No. 4 Q9NUT had a good station. He worked all con- tinents on 36 meters. Which of the following rea- sons explains why he isn’t on the air? (1) He moved to Japan. (2) The Electric Co. turned off his juice because he wouldn’t pay the bill. (3) He got tired of amateur radio. (4) His license was cancelled for operating off-wave. (5) His key broke down. Question No. 5 A certain BCL is tired of listening to: “This is the — — hour, sent to you through the courtesy of the - Co., makers of — —. The orchestra will now play ——, etc., etc.” He wants to get into the ham game and realizes he will have to learn a lot before he can get a license. What is he going to do about it? Underline the sentence which explains correctly: (1) Read the Saturday Evening Post. (2) Go to college. (3) Subscribe to QST and get a copy of The Radio Amateur’s Handbook. (4) Buy a copy of Radio News. (5) Ask some hard-boiled ham to help him. Question No. 6 8TAP has a 250-watt crystal-controlled set and a Vibroplex. He doesn’t seem to get out so well though. One of the following reasons explains cor- rectly why he doesn’t. Which one is it? (1) Other stations don’t like his call. (2) He has _ halitosis. (3) His sending is too fast. (4) His sending is too slow. (5) He is never on the air. *822 Laurel St., Cincinnati, Ohio. GMD The Dyott Brazil Expedition has been out for nearly a month. The base station (two 203A’s in self rectified Hartley circuit, 1000 volts, 400 cycle plate supply) is expected to be on the air by April 1. During March traffic for the U.S.A. has been com- ing through fine by amateur radio. sblIB and 8CFR are to be congratulated on their fine work. All amateurs are requested to be on the lookout for GMD’s signals and traffic. In addition to the base station a field transmitter consisting of two UX- 210’s in a T.P.T.G. circuit with 500 volts B-battery supply will be used for contact with the base sta- QST FOR APRIL, 1928 7 OD 45 ew ew

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tion. Messages will be sent in semi-code form and addressed to ALLIANCE NEW YORK. Amateurs should copy and forward these messages to the North American Newspaper Alliance, 63 Park Row, New York City. Amateur cooperation will be greatly appreciated. GMD will work on the following schedules: Day- light, 20.6 meters between 2 and 5 PM EST. Night, 36.6 meters between 7 and 9 PM EST and midnight to five AM EST. Get busy and do your part with GMD, OM. ——E————— WNP WNP (Recd via 1FL and 1MK) nr. 468, March 9 To A.R.R.L., Hartford, Conn. We are back on twenty meters. This band will be used exclu- sively until the Bowdoin sails for home next Sep- tember. Longer days and shorter nights have killed eighty meter signals but the twenty meter band is again quite reliable. February was a period of stormy weather and bad signals. Eighty meters dropped out and twenty meters was still very erratic The following stations helped greatly in moving our traffic when regular schedules were not running smoothly: 2VI, 3QP, 8AHC, 8BEN, 9EFH, nclCo. Three stations broke through to us with voice on twenty meter band. 1SZ’s new crystal controlled fone was the first worked followed by 8BEN and 1SW. We had many interesting QSO’s with 2VI while arranging a special program broadcast to WNP through WEAF, WGY and chain stations. Had nice chat with op3AA at 1MX one afternoon. It was also mighty interesting to QSO 9EZ with “DN” of old 9ZN at the key. Later “WR” of this same 9EZ handed us some news of the passing of WSA and WPA two husky commercial sparks into hands of RCA to be converted into tube outfits. Wish few more of you commercial fellows would slip along a word now and then about what’s happening on 600 meters. 1FL continues to take a great deal of our traffic. He is easily our most reliable contact. All messages for us in future should be routed via 1FL, 1SZ, 1XM, 9AFA, or 9EFH these ali reliable con- tacts. Messages handled February sent 214, Received 135, Total 349 Stop Best regards. “WNP NR 415 March 8 via 9EFH. Calls worked in February: Twenty meters: lacm lajz lalj laxx layn Ilbat Iber Ibii lbvr lbw lbyv led lemd Icom If] lia lih Imx Imy lIsw Isz luo Ixm Iixv 2afv 2aon 2api 2bgc 2sb 2ol 2vi Sakw Snr 3sk 4bl Sabx Sahe Sakv S8arb 8asf 8bct Shen Sbud Sccl Scer 8ces Scj Scug S8evj Sdjv S8dkl did &8mq 8nb Sre 9afa 9beq 9btx Idfy 9dzm Yefh Sefz %ez nelbd neleo eg6qb eb4au ebdcb ecaa2 ef8fd foa3z: eighty meters, laac lasi 1fl lxv 2akq 38qp 9afa neSae.” —Cliff Himoe. 2@ee IMK The A.R.R.L. Headquarters station has been moved from its old location at 1711 Park St., Hartford, to a much better location for reception and trans- mission at Brainard Field, Hartford. The evolution of our present station has been slow but progress has been made steadily from the time when five watters were installed to pick up traffic bound for Headquarters which found its way to the shacks of Connecticut amateurs. Suffice it to say that the station is at last freed of the handicaps offered by a poor location in a business and residential district and by inadequate space for a suitable installation. New equipment has been added so that 1MK is now able to serve A.R.R.L. members in every way that a station can be of service. Telephone facilities connect the station with the Headquarters offices. Two transmitters working on different frequencies may be used separately or sim- ultaneously. e main transmitter is a 500-watt T.P.T.G. set which may be tuned to any desired points in the 20-, 40-, or 80-meter bands. An aux- iliary 250-watt Hartley arrangement is available at the throw of a switch for 40-meter work. This will be used with the main set on 80-meters for simul- taneous transmission of the Official Broadcast to A.R.R.L. Members on two bands. The two trans- mitters are provided separately with mercury-are and motor-generator power supplies but provision has been made for working both transmitters from one power supply in case of necessity. The new instal- lation is in every respect a “real” station without the disadvantages of itis predecessors. 1MK will be found on 83.86 meters (3575 kc) when- ever working in the 80-meter band . . . and on 41.93 QST FOR APRIL, 1928 meters (7150 kc) when working in the 40-meter band. A definite frequency will be announced for 20-meter operation in the near future together with a complete list of scheduled points through which you may route messages to Headquarters if you do not shoot them in direct to 1MK. A precision wavemeter is located at the station so that 1MK will always be found right on the given point selected for work in the different ama- teur bands. The frequency will be changed a small amount to get around severe interference if neces- sary but will always be returned promptly to the wavelengths stated at the end of such a _ transmis- sion. A convenient oscillator is provided for use with the wavemeter in measuring the wavelength of stations worked when this is expressly requested during communication or by special mail arrange- ment (schedule). An accuracy of within % of one per cent (20 ke at 40-meters, 10 ke at 80-meters) may be expected of wavemeter readings. Mr. R. B. Parmeter of 9WR-90X is Chief Op. at the new 1MK. Bob signs “RP” as some of you will remember from the days when he started to build a reputation with a % K.W. spark set at Knoxville, III. “RP” hails from Louisville, Ky. You will find him ready for any traffic you have for Headquarters or for QSR. The country will be covered as completely as possible with schedules for placing and collecting traffic in addition to a rather heavy program of general operation which will be outlined briefly here- with. In addition to this plan of operation other general operating shifts will be kept by “AH”, “BUD”, “LJ” and “FH” when possible. The sta- tion particularly invites messages for any individ- ual or department at Headquarters. It is requested that inquiries of the Technical Department or Cir- culation Department always be accompanied with as complete an address as possible regardless of whether the message is taken direct or relayed to facilitate replies. Broadcast messages to A.R.R.L. Members are sent on both 40- and 80-meter wavelengths at the time indicated. The quota of schedules which will occupy the scheduled periods is nearly filled but a few more schedules with reliable stations at suitable points will be added. At present there are more 40-meter scheduled periods open than those set aside for 80- meter work. 1MK OPERATION (Eastern Standard Time) Sunday: 7 pm. to & p.m. 80-meter schedules 8 p.m. BC to A.R.R.L, Members on 83.86 and 41.93 meters 8.10 p. m. to 9 p. m. 80-meter “general” operation 9 p.m. to 10 p.m. 40-meter schedules 10 p.m. to 11 p.m. 40-meter “general” operation 11 p.m. to midnight 80-meter schedules Midnight BC to A.R.R.L. Members on 83.86 and 41.93 meters 12.10 a.m. to 1 a.m. 80-meter Monday and Friday: 7 p.m. to 8 p.m. 80-meter schedules 8 p.m. BC to A.R.R.L. Members on 83.86 and 41.93 meters 8.10 p.m. to 9 p.m. 80-meter “general” operation 9 p.m. to 10 p.m. 80-meter schedules 10 p.m. BC to A.R.R.L. Members on 83.86 and 41.93 meters 10.10 p.m. to 11 p. m. 40-meter “general” operation 1l p.m. to midnight 40-meter schedules 12.00 to 1.00 a.m. 40-meter “general’’ operation Wednesday: Daylight operation on 20-meters and 40-meters Tuesday and Thursday: 7 p.m. to 8 p.m. 80-meter schedules 8 p.m. BC to A.R.R.L. Members on 83.86 ana 41.93 meters 8.10 p.m. to 9 p.m. 80-meter “general” operation 9 p.m. to 10 p.m. 80-meter schedules 10 p.m. to 11 p.m. 80-meter “general” operation 11 p.m, to midnight 80-meter schedules Midnight BC to A.R.R.L. Members on 83.86 and 41.93 meters 12.10 a.m. to 1 a.m, 40-meter “general’’ operation A.R.R.L. Members everywhere should be able to copy the broadcasts direct. Any special subject of immediate interest to Members will be addressed to them through 1MK on the regular BC schedules given above. Official Broadcasting Stations will copy this information direct from Headquarters by radio (instead of mail) and repeat the broadcasts whenever possible. Whenever you want to QSO A.R.R.L. Headquar- ters look for 1MK on 83.86 or 41.93 meters in the “general” operating periods and give us a call. “general” operation 47

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BRASS POUNDERS’ LEAGUE Call Orig. Del. Rel. Total »AIN 64 33 668 765 pIHR 282 177 360 719 RMI 280 32 402 714 AMA 1 2 698 701 CYK 102 26 563 691 RA 32 7 402 504 83 72 346 501 BM 46 366 62 474 ,AKB 38 60 343 441 30P 81 50 277 408 D 21 53 334 408 119 48 240 407 18 88 258 364 146 3 202 351 36 27 281 344 RA 78 40 217 335 AF 45 5 280 330 27 40 260 327 4 3 316 323 I 31 52 238 321 \MM* 107 150 43 300 DZW 19 13 266 298 BK\ 44 13 232 289 EAM 5 7 222 284 ( 3 10 272 285 { 20 282 26 274 D 53 80 183 266 ; 2 a) 254 265 BY? 51 20 193 264 ri 84 7 132 263 69 58 136 263 x 13 26 220 259 Mi 38 7 136 244 43 17 173 233 1 3 228 232 14 26 188 228 A 28 8 192 228 86 70 72 228 416 35 144 225 ) 132 28 60 220 M 18 22 180 220 18 2 196 216 4 28 184 216 W 3 9 202 214 K-XH 109 103 2 214 I 32 14 168 214 20 10 178 208 10 19 176 205 46 39 119 204 106 7 —_ 203 62 7 104 203 72 52 74 198 77 91 28 196 44 51 97 192 97 69 9 175 17 7 7 169 34 50 84 168 56 54 51 161 43 53 52 148 ( 26 52 68 146 58 62 24 144 38 57 40 135 AM 7 55 2 128 48 7 10 125 58 56 6 120 16 64 41 115 62 52 —_ 114 M { 76 32 112 38 51 12 101 > 54 26 85 4 5 4 61 rs this month go to 9AIN and MM should have been listed in the t month. His totals were 36, 66, Also Feb. and March QST should ed oplHR, opl1DR and opl1DL in L. November: oplHR 150, 125, +: IDR, 110, 12, 240, 362; 1DL, 57, 6. December: 1HR, 192, 170, 302, DR, 84, 28, 220, $382; 1DL, 66, 84, ATLANTIC DIVISION ‘ \ND-DELAWARE-DIST. of COLUMBIA— | H. H. Layton, 83AIS—Delaware: The tate is nearly 100% Naval Reserve of 8ALQ and 8SL. 3AJH is now and thinks it FB. 8ALQ is not on sit TRAFFIC BRIEFS When you have traffic for the Philippines, give it to either 6AJM or 6AMM. They both have daily skeds with the Islands, and will get it over there in a hurry. 6AJM’s sked is with oplAD, and 6AMM’s is with oplHR. You'll be interested in this message that op 1AD sent nu 6AJM: “Have just rec'd card from an un- der-cover ham in Japan. He advises that aj JMPB and aj JLZB are not amateurs but Japanese de- tective stations interested only in getting the QRAs of under-cover hams. Suggest that you inform all hams possible and QST. Also suggest boycott of these two stations.—(sig.) op 1AD.” The Boy Scout Radio Exhibit held in Buffalo some time ago was a complete success. Lots of interest was stimulated in the League and its work, and a total of 275 messages were collected. These were cleared through the cooperation of 8ADE and 8CYK. The demonstration aided in proving to the Scout Council the importance of the amateur, and plans are being promoted by 8TH, who sends us this report, to introduce transmitters into the Scout Troops. Boys Life, the official Scout Organ, will include a story of the exhibit in its radio section. During the recent fire at Fall River, Mass., 1PE, IACH, 1BUB, 1BKQ, and 1ASR were on the air from one to three A. M., ready to help in any way possible. From time to time these stations called Fall River, but received no reply. 1ASR and 1BKQ kept watch for a time, but observed no QRR signals, and signed off at three A. M. Didja know that British amateurs hold a QSO party on 80 meters every Monday evening? They say that many “nu” stations come in FB on that wave, and want more of us to keep our ears open for’em. 1FL worked eg2NH the other night, getting an R7. 2NH was coming through about R4 on &8 meters. 6CCT’s entry card in the International Contest was really different. You see Walt is a member of the Telephoto Staff of the Pacific Tel. and Tel. Co., in San Francisco. So he took a piece of paper, printed 6CCT in nice big letters, typed out his application for entry, and then had a picture of the improvised QSL card transmitted over the wires of the Bell System to the Boston office of the American Tel. and Tel. Co., where it was developed and mailed down to us. The man on the Boston end of things was ex 1CHF, who sez he'll probably return to the air in about a month with something more than the spark coil he had in pre-broadcasting days. An interesting little item which appeared in the Northern States Power Co.’s Safety Service Maga- zine says in part: “On the night of February 7 a bad sleet storm visited the Pipestone District, doing considerable damage to the distribution systems of the various towns, interrupting service, and destroy- ing all communications by telephone and telegraph. 9BN, of Minneapolis, succeeded in getting in touch with 9CAJ, of Pipestone, and arrangements were made for sending material and a crew of men down to help restore service. This is a striking example of the value of the American Radio Relay League, and is likely to result in the forming of a Northern States Power Radio Transmitting Club.”’ The Daily Argus Leader of Sioux Falls, S. D., car- ries another story of the same emergency. 9DES., of Sioux Falls, together with the other hams of that city, worked long and hard to get into con- tact with 9CAJ at Pipestone, Minn. From 1.45 P. M. until Midnight, all hands worked fast and furiously. S9DES was doing most of the operating, handling in all over 40 messages for the Power Co., and the other boys were doing the delivering. 9DWN at Pierre did his share in relaying a lot of DES’s mes- sages. FB work,—all of you! DIVISIONAL REPORTS much lately, 8AED is heard in nearly all countries. 83WJ rattles the cans of the west coast gang with his new Xtal set on 38.52 meters. 8AIS is on the air with a 50 since his 250 went west. 8AUN is coming back on the air with one of 83ZO’s 250 watt bottles. FB. 3AOP is a newcomer in our ranks. QST FOR APRIL, 1928

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e it aily 1ere and un- [PB RAs all of Falo of ork, 1ese and the and us out will PE, air way Fall ept and SO hey hat pen ing RR vas the in ted ion sed 3ell and wn in ark the ya- ing oyv- ere es. he is att Maryland: %8CFX at St. Michaels came through with his report by letter saying that he is keep- ing a sked with 3KU and 8ZI but complains of no traffic his way, 8BBW reports that due to tube trouble he has not been on the air for nearly a month but is now going strong with two five tube watters. Dist of Columbia: We are all sorry to hear that 8CAB has signed off indefinitely and has turned in — certificate. 3APX has made application for 0 b> Traffic: 83ALQ 1, 8SL 4, 3AJH 8, 8AED 4, 8WJ 3, 3AIS 9, 8BBW 6, 3APX 80. SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY—aActing SCM, E. G. Raser, 3ZI—3CFG was hampered by the Tests but turned in a good total just the same. 8BSD lost his 50 watter and his zep that was the pride of his heart, 8AOC is a new station at P. U. operated by several 2nd dist. amateurs, and is doing consistent work on schedules. 3KJ reported but still keeps on the inactive list. 8CO expects to be on with re- mote control very soon. 38SJ over in Finderne is trying for a commercial ticket. 3AIY will be too busy to come in on the active list but hopes to be able to later in the season. We have a new ORS prospect in 8AMI at Merchantville, N. J. 8CBX is going to operate in the National Guard, Field Artil- lery Unit, just forming in Trenton. 38ZI is atill hard at it with sked and RM-SCM duties. Traffic: 8ZI 171, 83CFG 135, 8AOC 48, 38SJ 25. EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA—Acting SCM, E. L. Maneval, 8EU—-3AKB has plenty of QRKS from BCLs. 3QP is sure well skedded. S8EU reports financial QRM. S8ADE will soon be an ORS. 8CGZ is a hopeful chap. SANK ran out of ink on his report card. 83NF reported by radio. 8QR is trying new skeds. 3VF is taking a week off to build a new receiver. 8WJ wants an ORS. 38QM an- nounces the arrival of a brand new YL op. 8AFJ is in and out of town. 3HH did some clever rout- ing in the tests. 8LC wants the opinion on a re- ceiver to cover 40 and 80 in one lick. 83BMS blew his 50 in the tests but has an 852. SDHT is a new boy in Seranton. 8BQP and the new OW are having a great time house hunting. 8BFL better get SAVK and start a company, S8AVL another in the same boat. 3CDS wants skeds when its time for the milkman. Hi. 8AWT is going downhill but can’t be helped. SADQ—try a want ad in QST, Rex! 8BYZ wants to move his 83 foot stick—don’t all speak at once. Traffic: SEU 827, 8AWT 6, 3CDS 7, 8AVL 8, 8BFL 10, 8BQP 11, 8DHT 11, 3BMS 11, 8LC 20, 3HH 22, 8AFJ 27, 8WJ 78, 8VF 107, 8RQ 112, 83NF 128, 8SAVK 130, S8CGZ 168, S3ADE 214, 3QP 408, 3AKB 441. WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA—SC&M, G. L. Cross- ley, 8XE—8DRU’s rectifier froze. S8VF is recuper- ating from sickness. 8AOS, 8CJQ, 8CXQ are selling sets to BCLs. 8CZE is QRW at school. 8CAE is running an 852. SBHN worked a 9 on phone. SBHN has succeeded in working a 6. SARC is using a pair of 281s as rectifiers as well as a chemical rectifier. 8GI reports using a 281 as a rectifier. SCUG has a 20 meter schedule with a Brazilian station. SCYF is using a 112A tube in his transmitter. 8AMU tried his set on 20 meters usine the 8rd harmonic, and worked Belgium R7. SABW has a pair of 211s but he says ND. 8BGW is on the air some, handling a little traffic. SAJU is on 40 and handles traffic. 8BRM has been sick for the last 11 weeks. SEW has a syne on 40 meters. 8CEO is using a 222 in his xmitter. SAXM is at Radio School. 8CKP is trying 40 with some success. SAKI has. several schedules—he has been sick for a few weeks. 8VE has been having transmitter trouble. 8SCFR found his antenna down 2 hrs before the tests but he had it up in time. 8AGO is QRW because he is to be a benedict soon. SCES has a new master os- cillator on 20. 8DOQ has been handling his share of the traffic. SXE and the gang are QRW with convention work. Traffic: S8GI 228, 8DOQ 177, 8XE 89, 8AKI 86, 8AMU 68, 8SCEO 59, 8EW 58. 8BRM 31, &8VE 26, 8SCFR 25, 8CUG 25. 8AJU 15. 8DKS 12. 8CYF 8, 8AGO 5, 8ARC 5, 8BGW 5, 8ABW 838, 8CES 2. WESTERN NEW YORK—SC!M, C. S. Taylor, 8PJ SABX joined the Army net this month. SAHC made the BPL. 8AKZ worked NL-GREN. S8ALB has managed to get in some traffic. SAYU has in- creased his schedules. 8BCM is punching through much better now. 8BFG worked Africa and some other foreigners. SBIW is a little timid on ac- count of key clicks to BCL. S8BMJ has had a busy month handling over 700 msgs from Boy Scout meet- QST FOR APRIL, 1928 ings. 8BQK has been away so traffic was slight. 8BUP wants schedules with eastern and southern stations, 8BZP reports his arm still out of com- mission. 8CDB made the BPL this month but blew his 210s. 8CDC worked Tasmania and Panama with 8CPC worked 6th dist. and Canada, with his new 20 meter station. 8CNX’s left him, so he is using a 50 watter now. 8CRC says Syracuse is alive once again with North High School and Nottingham H. S. building short wave xmitters. SAXA is now using an 8652. 8CLI, 8HX, 8BAL are now very active, 8CRC has been hearing many foreigners. S8BIN is heard now and then. SAWP, ex 8DKE is now operating at WFBL. 8AWP is the cause of WFBL and 8AGO and 8XH are Tech. En- gineers of WSYR. S8CRF has been heard in Eng- land. 8CSW, 8CPC and 8AYB paid the SCM a visit while in Buffalo. 8CVJ has many schedules and traffic. 8CYK still continues to keep many schedules. 8DHX says traffic took an awful flop due to his working DX. 8DME won the Fourth Prize in Army-Amateur Contest. 8DQP is a real DX and traffic hound now. 8DRJ’s crystal went west. The transformer blew and also the filter quit. 8DSP has new Esco motor generator on the way. 8PI handled traffic with fo-A8V, eg-5ML and xnu- JJ. 8TH is again interesting the Boy Scouts in the A. R, R. L. and handling traffic and schedules. 8BLI is rebuilding his xmitter,. SAVW has been heard in Germany. Traffic: S8ABX 4, 8AHC 151, 8AKZ 6, 8ALB 32, SAYU 48, 8BCM 83, 8BFG 26, 8BIW 18, 8BMJ 714, 8BQK 2, 8BUP 11, 8CDB 176, 8CDC 192, 8CPC 87, 8CNX 94, 8CVJ 22, 8CYK 691, 8DHX 23, 8DME 54, 8DQP 15, 8DRJ 46, 8DSP 216, 8PI 88, 8PJ 7, 8TH 21, 8BLI 2. 7 watts input. CENTRAL DIVISION HIO—SCM, H. C. Storck, 8BYN—SBYN, 8DIH, 8BAU, 8DBM, and 8RN made the BPL. 8BAU has organized a small club among the north end gang in Columbus and they have a station going under the call of 8DDZ. 8DIH has been busy rebuilding 8DDQ. 8DBM gave his total via the air route. 8RN blew his H tube and is now on with a UX210. 8GZ got 258 points in the tests, but also got 155 msgs besides. 8ALU, the RM, wants every ORS to originate at least 50 msgs. each month, 8BAS is still doing good work along traffic lines, altho he doesn’t want to tie himself down with an ORS. 8CFL said too busy with tests to have a big total. 8CNO is right up with the top-notchers. 8DDK is also coming right along with traffic and is making a good ORS. SDSY traded his xtal for a 50 watter as he hasn't enough power for xtal amplifier. 8BOR lost his plate transformer, blew his 210 and ruined his S tubes. 8SCMB blew his 250. 8JB says he will have more traffic next month. 8CXD, a new ORS, wants traffic and is on very consistently. S8BFA says all good ops are getting lazy and unreliable, and traffic getting scarcer right along. 8AKO expects to be out at 8HB again about the middle of March. 8DJV has been handling some traffic for WNP. 8DNL reports activities at 8DDZ. S8CBI wrecked his mercury arc and is now on with chemical again until are comes back. S8BAC bought a bug, and is very proud of it. SAVB reports working xnu-MD, an _ unlicensed freighter in Gulf of Panama. S8CAU reports but says nothing. 8AQU has been having trouble with BCLs and has to fix things with the RI before he ean be on the air again. 8BKM sure is busy. 8SI and 8ALW have nothing to say. 8BAH is back on the air with two 210s and going fine. 8AZO has an- other plate transformer and will be on air FB soon. SDHS is working an 852 on 20 meters. 80Q was much discouraged this month but hopes for better next. 8PL blew a 50 watter, cracked a xtal, got tangled up with 2000 volts of RAC and put himself on the bum. 8DIA is following in the SCMs footsteps in blowing filter condensers. Hi. SABK blew every tube in sight. and then dug up an old 201A, put 10 volts on the filament and 1000 volts on the plate, worked it that way until it blew, and then gave up. SAWK ex- pects to change QRA. 8BKQ has been experimenting too much to get traffic. 8BRH is building a new set at last. Hi. 8CTD worked WNP on 20 meters. 8DQZ is QRW school. 8ALU’s plan of all originating more traffic is good, tho the total is high. Traffic: 8SBYN 264, 8DIH 2838, 8BAU 225, 8DBM 220, SRN 208, 8GZ 155, 8ALU 152, 8BAS 102, 8CFL 101, SCNO 95, 8DDK 85, 8DSY 62, 8BOR 54, 8CMB 52, 8JB 44, 8CXD 41, 8BFA 41, 8AKO 41, 8DJV_ 35, SDNL 85, 8CBI 25, 8BAC 24, 8AVB 18, 8CAU 17, —_ 17, 8SBKM 18, 8SI 11, SALW 9, 8BAH 7, 8AZO , 8DHS 8, 80Q 3, 8PL 8, 8DIA 2. 49

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MICHI N—SCM, Dallas Wise, 8CEP—9EAY is putting n all wave transmitter. 8DKX was quite active nternational tests. SAUB says he will have n me to work the set now that they have decide hold the convention in Grand Rapids. SDAQ n going great and handled one 67 word messag WNP. S8AAF has been working in the 80 m and has a 50 watter on the way. 8AJL repor f volts on his 201As and says they are rood. 8CKZ will have a 150 meter 7 aan oon. 8RE keeps his bi-weekly sched -2AK at Tela Honduras. 8DED has fifteer es per week and you can hear him most SVK is back on the air with a good kick a or all the traffic you can hand him. SBRS trouble with filter condensers on 20 mete! ng back to 40. SAMS is working 40 wher nd time between jobs. 9CSI has his xtal ted working on 41.6. 8ACU reports nothir n the tests. S8DIV had the same tro ying back to 40 and 80 . 9AYR was tr wer leaks but has been trying fone with F has just started work on 80 meters. SKN ry active due to most of the ops work- ine &Z SF is still using spark coil for plate sul : operate another station at New Baltir 9CEX handled a few during Feb- ruar moving to Ada, Ohio. SCAT has a chen r on the job now. 8CU of “Cherry Tree | d in that he is back on the air again and SRRV and 8DTO have been busy work ew receiver using the UX222. Traff HT 18, 9EAY 17, 8DKX 24, 8AUV 36, DAG AF 56, 8SAJL 29, 8CKZ 17, 8RE 15, SDED K 132, 8BRS 4, 9CSI 17, 8ACU 3, 8ZF SDSF 151, 8NQ 13, 8BCI 35, 8CAT IND M, D. J. Angus, 9CYQ—9EZ, the tat r Military Academy is now an ORS and EVA reports fine work on 20. 9AIN th ff tation of Indiana does it with che of time. 9AEB after 8 years of f us at last worked his first 7. 9AGW ay n his rectifier makes his sigs more pene DXH is back on the air again. 9CVX is u receiver and reports FB. 9QS wants h back on again. 9FQ is doing some ver rk 9ETV is a new station at Nar EHI is coming back on the air with a 50 Army) has started up with 40 ertained 9 of the Chicago gang a SH is very active at Michawaka on r to join the navy. 9CLO has 5 “ry n QSY 9CMV lost their 500 and their mitters. 9DUZ, RM, has resigned and R ASK at South Bend, was elected to ake meeting of the hams of South Ber M nd Elkhart. 9ASX is now route mar western Indiana. Tr f 9EZ 228, 9CMV 161, 9CBT 146, 9CR\ ) 95, 9DBA 67, 9CYQ 31, YCLO 30, 9RCM 5, 9DBJ 23, 9EGE 21, 9DPV 18, IDHI 8. 9BZZ 12, 9ASX 10, 9QS 10, 9RS 9 APG 9DWE 6, 9DXH 5, 9CSP 4, 9AGV S9EVA 9, 9CSC 2. WI SCM, C N. Crapo, 9VD—9DLD keeps on to remarkable cooperation from the tat nked up with. 9DTK says his old tube feeble and shaky but the gang still nd EBO believes in publicity and because lot of msgs. 9EK-XH says the neering circular No. 15 on Airplane Ra ‘ ready for distribution and will he set asking for it. 9CDT will soon be th IDLQ is still going strong but says 7 tt crowded. 9CXK is on the job ; da on 7200 ke 9DEK is keeping three hed meters and wants an ORS. 9CYU didn’ be left out so reported via Western Unior M waiting for the next Milwaukee Qso BPW was sick for two weeks vhich ver * total. 9EEF works on 42 and } there. 9DJK sent in his first re- rt /ESM has rebuilt his transmitter and rking fine now. 9ARE is going to Dodg t Valparaiso. 9DND has schedules with EMD is on the job again with two meters. 9SO has been busy with oo-1AJ at Polynesia. 9AZN re- por TK 9AZY had tough luck this month und : ty watter. 9EWY reports for the first time /BWO says he is fooling around with r 9 meters. 9ASL tells me that he has the or ay-wire outfit. 9CJU has schedules with ABM and Saturdays. 9COI reports that the Madison Club had its transmitter at the Madison Radio Show and transmitted messages which made quite a hit. 9CIB now 9EYU has his 852 working on 20 and 40. 9EHM had trouble with landlord on account of his transmitter and is moving. 9EQP is a new station at Milwaukee using a 201A on low power. 9CVI working on 20 and mostly Saturday afternoons. 9DCX says its 40 below in Chippewa and still the plate gets red. Hi. 9AFZ has been on the 15 mc band lately and hears lots of fones there. 9BIB tried hard during the tests but no luck. 9CFT worked three OA’s one morning. 9EQL says not doing much but wants some schedules. 9DZZ sent in a report for the first time to help us out. 9BJY not doing anything, rectifier on the blink, Traffic: 9DLD 408, 9DTK 263, 9EBO 220, 9EK-XH 214, 9CDT 171, 9DLQ 145, 9CXK 124, 9DEK 114, 9CYU 114, 9ABM 112, 9BPW 87, 9EEF 78, 9DJK 55, 9ESM 53, 9ARE 45, 9DND 35, 9SO 27, 9EMD 30, 9AZY 25, 9BWO 17, 9CJU 20, 9COI 11, 9EYU 10, 9EHM 10, 9EQP 7, 9CVI 7, 9DCX 7, 9AZN 25, 9EWY 20, 9ASL 17, 9EVE 7, 9AFZ 7, 9BIB 4, 9ELD 4, 9CFT 3, 9EQL 2, 9DZZ 2, 9BJY 1. KENTUCKY—SCM, TD. A. Downard, 9ARU-——The Louisville, Ky., New Albany and Jeffersonville, Ind. hams celebrated the departure of 9WR for Hartford, Conn. where he will be one of the ops at new 1MK, with an all night hamfest after which an inspection trip to WYW, the Army station at Bowman Field, was made during the wee smal! hours. After his hand came in contact with the antenna lead-in to the set at WYW, a certain ham in Jeffersonville says, “Them ain't blisters—just black paint from paint- ing my mast”. Hi. 9EYW is a promising new sta- tion. 9BAZ has an are perking. 9MN is sporting a new UX222 in his receiver and says it eliminates power leak QRM 9BAN works Mexico in Spanish. Hi. 9ENR celebrated Washington’s birthday by working his first “six”. 9BGA is in the air on 40. 9AID is QRW with a new job and doesn’t get a lot of time for brass pounding. 9OX says he is on spasmodically. 9BWJ is getting back in shape after losing his mast and tonsils. 9ARU is working every- thing he hears on 40 meters. 9DDH has a new TG- TP transmitter. 9DLU is getting out OK with his breadboard transmitter. 9DQC is on 80 with an 852 and sync rectifier. Traffic: 90X 98, 9BAZ 52, 9MN 24, 9BAN 22, 9ENR 9, 9ARU 8, 9BEH 4, 9BGA 3, 9AID 2. ILLINOIS—SCM, W E. Schweitzer, 9AWW-—This reporting month includes the traffic reports of 71 stations. The last reported call issued was 9FCD. At a meeting of the CRTA traffic cup committee they decided to award 9DXZ with the beautiful traffic trophy. 9DXZ won the trophy by handling the most messages in Illinois for three consecutive months. FB, OM. 9AAW is having their DC generator re paired and will soon have it on the air along with the 500 cycle incinerator. 9ACU reports the YL’s QRM but still operates on 21 and 38 meters. 9AD reports Prof, Way of the Physics Dept. of Knox col- lege is one of the ops at 9KU. 9AEG using a 210 worked oa-5HG. 9AFA is still keeping schedules with WNP with fone on 20 meters. 9AFB is using a new chemical rectifier and syne for plate supply. 9AFF handling mainly army traffic reports every- thing going honkey dorey. 9AGG was not in opera- tion much this month. 9AHJ with 2 210’s worked many foreigners this month. 9AHK, an old timer in the game, is just getting into the traffic end. 9ALJ burned out his old power transformer and is now ‘in the market for a new one. 9ALK reports the YLs keeping him too busy for traffic. 9ALW is attending Armour Institute and will not be on in Morrison for some time 9AMA knocked us all dead with his traffic report this month. FB, OM. 9AMN is using a new third harmonic antenna 9AMO is keeping many schedules and reports 9DFE is selling out. 9APY hears 9AAW R3. He also reports three hams on in Waukegan. 9AQA forgot to tell us that when he burned his hand on the 1500 volts, he knocked his 250 watter on the floor with dire results. 9ASE has 4 schedules and is working all sorts of DX. 9AWX is keeping several schedules but finds DX bad on 40. 9BHM is laid up in bed with Staphylocoecus infec- tion in his back. 9BIZ is putting in his time on Xperimental work. 9BLL is keeping 4 skeds on 84 meters. 9BLS reports the wind blew his Zep antenna down, and he is using an indoor antenna on 20 meters now. 9BMZ thinks QTC the Illinois traffic Paper is the berries. 9BNI is keeping two schedules and operates from 6:30 and 7:30 am and pm. 9BRX is attending Armour Institute and finds little time to pound brass. 9BSH reporting for the first time is using a 50 watter and is planning to put in 250 QST FOR APRIL, 1928 to sor co} vis 9E in gai off lat we Tor nov wa cha QR Ze; Zey 9B" tra act aga bur last 9A) sta wit few had way anc nev Pov

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watts. 9BTX despite the fact that he is taking pipe . organ lessons pounds the brass as well as the ivories. ; 9BVH is operating on 38 and 78 meters. 9BXB has his new 852 working now and is getting some real , DX. 9CCZ is changing his xmitter to operate on 40 meters. 9CIA made 30 points in the international contest only operating one evening. 9CKM can't find much traffic bound for Oregon, lll. 9CNB is re- ' build and is operating regularly now on 39 meters. 9CNP reports for the first time and is using a remote ] control and breakin. 9CNY using fone on 150 meters handled a few msgs. 9CUH has increased power to 15 watts and still is keeping schedules with 4VZ. ; 9CUO sure gets a kick out of the ham game and re- ports the QRM on 80 is bad. 9CZL is having terrible interference from three 66,000 volt power lines run- ning through his town. 9CZT was off the air most of the month because he moved to a new location. 9DAF reports 20 meters FB for DX. 9DBI reports a new ham 9EPK starting in at Mt, Carmel. 9DCK is keeping schedules with 9DBI and 4KV. 9DGA is trying to operate a 20 meter fone. 9DKK is using a 204A tube on a Zep antenna. 9DOX on 85 meters is , keeping schedules with 9CYQ. 9DSO being off the air since October is back on again with a 210. 9DXZ keeping five skeds reports traffic not so heavy this month. 9EAI reports QRM from work. 9EAJ | has a schedule with POB in Brazil and has also worked FQ, PM, NQ, NQ, NT, etc. 9EAU is offering a $15 reward for the information of the wicked one who broke in and stole his 50 watter and trans- mitter. 9EGX reports his new 210 went to the happy hunting ground. 9EHK has a new call 9DJ assigned at the hospital at Maywood. 9EJO is the first nu to work Afghanistan. 9ELR will be off the air for some time. 9%EPG finished his new xmitter with the copper coil inductances and Zep antennas. 9EPX visited 9AWX and 9AJM in Joliet the other day. 9ERH expects to be on the air with crystal control in a short time. 9EYA another new man in the ham game, reports there is nothing like it. 9CNY started off. Good stuff, OM. 9FO, crystal controlled, is op- erating on 19.7, 39.4, and 77 meters. 91Z is modu- lating his xmitter in the center tap. 9KA’s xmitter went on the fritz when his rectifier gave up the ghost. 9KB is on almost daily and keeps schedules with 9BXJ. 9MI-PU is operating on 38.5 meters and reports everything going OK. 9RK got his rectifier going at last and is exciting a Zep antenna. 9RP worked 12 oz and oa stations in the Tests. 9ZA is still operating. Traffic: 9AMA 701, 9BTX 323, 9BJL 232, 9AMO 205, 9BZO 169, 9APY 105, 9DXZ 96, 9BXB 92, 9BMZ 80, 9DKK 70, 9CZL 70, 9EAJ 60, 9ASE 62, 9CKM 57, 9DSU 56, 9CNY 45, 9BLL 43, 9DCK 42, 9CUO 38, 9AEG 36, 9MI-PU 35, 9AHK 34, 9DGA 33, 9EJO 31, 9BNI 31, 9CNP 30, 9EPX 27, 9CUH 25, 9AFA 23, 9AWX 21, 9DOX 20, 9CIA 19, 9CNB 19, 9AQA 19, SAAW 17, 9ERH 17, 9EYA 16, 9AFB 16, 9AMN 15, 9RP 13, 9AD 12, 9ACU 12, 9DBI 12. 9CZT 12, 9CNH 11, 9BSH 10, 9ZA 9, 9ALK 10, 9EGX 10, 9AHJ 9, 9IZ 9, 9BHM 9, 9AFF 8, 9EAI 7, 9FO 6, 9BLS 6, 9KB 6 ,9RK 4, 9ALJ 4, 9AGG 4, 9BIZ 4, 9EHK 4, 9EPG 3, 9CZK 3, 9DAF 3, 9KA 3, 9DSO 2, 9BVP 2, °BRX 1, 9CCZ 1, 9AVL 1. DAKOTA DIVISION ORTH DAKOTA—SCM, G. R. Moir, 9EFN—9BPR N is using a Colpitts circuit in his xmitter now, : 9CUT had 2 fingers badly burned with 1500 volts. Tough, OM. 9BRR is also using a Colpitts xmitter now and says it sure is FB for steady note. S9DYA was off for a week getting his storage battery charged, but is going good now. 9BJV has been QRW to do much traffic work S9BVF put up a Zepp and it seems to work OK. 9DM is using a Zepp and getting FB results with a 71% watter on 40. Traffic: 9BPR 72, 9CUT 2, 9BRR 71, 9DYA 7, S9BVF 79, 9DM 52. SOUTH DAKOTA--SCM, F. J. Beck, 9DB-—The traffic is picking up again with most of the stations active and many keeping schedules. S9DWN leads again working schedules on 80. 9BCJ ran up a bunch of points during the tests but had a fire the last day. 9DQR has an 852 going FB on traffic. 9ADQ and 9EUH have good sigs on 40 and are starting skeds. 9DNS, 9AJP, 9DES are all on 40 with lots of punch. 9BOW, and 9BRI ran up a few points in test and keep a couple of skeds. 9NM had the misfortune to burn out his dynamotor half way through the tests. 9DLY shielded his xmitter and worked oz first try. FB, OM. 9CJS reports new station in Bryant, 9FAZ. 9DB works DX when power leak goes off air. 9BOT is going to farm regularly. 9DIY is @RW with new 222 R.F. amp. QST FOR APRIL, 1928 9AGL has outfit going FB on 80. 9TI is building a new station and working on 222 amp. 9EUJ is getting out FB on low power. Practically all the stations in the state have enrolled in the S.Dak. A-A secondary net, 9DES and 9EUH handled 40 msgs. for the power company to 9CAJ at Pipestone, Minn., during a sleet storm which took down all wires, antennas, etc. 9DWN assisted in relaying messages. Traffic: 9DWN 180, 9BCJ 98, 9DGR 43, 9ADQ 36, 9EUH 33, 9DNS 27, 9DES 40, 9AJP 22, 9BOW 22, 9NM 20, 9DLY 15, 9CJS 14, 9DB 11, 9BOT 9, 9BRI 4, 9DIY 2, 9AGL 1. NORTHERN MINNESOTA—SCM, C. L. Barker, 9EGU—tThe contest being put on by the SCM in this Section is creating no small amount of in- terest and some lucky boy will be the proud pos- sessor of one of the new shielded grid tubes for handling the largest number of bona-fide msgs, be- tween Feb. 25 and Apr. 26th. Everyone is going after it with the right spirit and the old gang seems to be pepped right up. 9BIW, a new ORS, burned out his B battery charging generator so has been off the air. 9AOK takes full lead in traf- fic this month. 9EGU has tried TP-TG with 203A and 852. 9ABV replaced his 210 with a new 50 watter and is surely after the prize tube, 9CWN still uses the 210 with a new chemical rectifier. 9EGF and 3 other “range’’ hams paid a three day visit to the Duluth gang and report a fine time. 9KV is another QTZ convert on 39.97 meters. 9CF was one of the hosts of the “range” gang. 9CKI is on with a MO-PA set, but can’t get rid of his key thumps, such as he tries. 9DPB, another new ORS, has been working with 20 meter phone with won- derful success. 9CIY is installing a new TP-TG transmitter, 9EHO is working on a MO-PA sys- tem. 9CTW has his new mercury arc installed with fine results, and changed to TP-TG circuit. 9AKM was very busy but is working to get operating on 20, 40 and 80 meter bands. 9ADS installed a new transmitter. 9BMX got his old set going again on 20.5 meters. 9BMR is getting ready to move his set to another part of the house, when he builds onto the house soon. 9EGN operates only once in a while, as he says its too far from U. of M. to his home to drive home to operate often. 9CWA tried TP-TG but paralized his 75 watter. 9BAY almost forgot to report this time. Careful, OM. Traffic: 9AOK 107, 9ABV 64, 9CWN 53, 9EGF 42, 9KV 38, 9CF 30, 9DPB 24, 9CIY 19, 9EHO 14, 9EGU 12, 9CWA 35, 9BAY 17, 9CTW 12, 9BBT 8, 9AKM 4, 9ADS 4, 9BMX 3, 9BMR 2, 9EGN 1. SOUTHERN MINNESOTA—SCM, D. F. Cottam, 9BYA-9EFK Acting—9COS keeps six schedules and is on both 20 and 40, He has been appointed RM. 9COS is strictly a traffic station operating in very limited time. 9EFK is now on 20 and 40 and hopes to be able to QSY 80 also. 9DGE reports a nice bunch of traffic and is on with 3 ops. and says schedules will be welcome. 9BTW has been QSO 8 countries in two nights with one CX-310. 9EFO has been assigned an additional call 9EZM. 9DOP is on 20, 40 and 80 and says he can stand some skeds. 9DBW has had time to try the UX222 and says its fine stuff on DX volume and signal to static radio, He also reports 9EOH and 9EPE at Dundas, Minn., going strong. 9BHZ has been heard with a pretty note as usual. 9DHP still works 1AWE regularly on 20 meters and has been QSO nr and na. 9ELA has everything for a 50 watt xmitter at Marshall High School. 9CLK a non-ORS is on 20 with a 310 and has been QSO sb. 9CIX prefers a 50 to his former 250, 9AIR is dusting off the old portable for this summers local DX. Hi. 9DMA has been QSO fo. oa, oz, sv, sb, etc. 9XI would be on the air but the generator is blown, receiver sold, chief op very QRW, etc. 9DBC is going to \.T. & T. school at Waukeegan, IIl., for a couple of months. fo-A3M was heard working 9BKX giv- ing him a good report. 9DEQ is inactive. 9RB-ex- 9DUL will be active in Marion, So. Dak., soon. 9EAH has a new 210 now and is on 20 meters. Traffic: 9COS 166, 9EFK 76, 9DGE 74, 9BTW 52, 9EFO 38, 9DOP 22, 9DBW 17, 9BHZ 17, 9EIA 16, 9DHP 12, 9CLK 10, 9CIX 8, 9GH 7, 9AIR 4, 9DMA 2. DELTA DIVISION RKANSAS—SCM, W. L. Clippard, Jr., 5AIP— Prospects look much better for the Arkansas gang this month. 5ABI came across with the largest single total for some time. 5AQX is the new fellow in Hot Springs. 5JK and 5SS each had a stick blown down Tough luck, OMs. but _ 5ABI's_ 50 watter also blew after working an ep. Hi. 5AIP is on daily but not much traffic. 5AVA rebuilt. 51

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_ Traff SABI 56, 5CK 19, 5JK 11, 5AIP 9, AVA >, obs ">. 2. LOUISIANA—SCM, C. A. Freitag, 5UK—5A0Z put up a new 80 foot mast especially for the Interna- tiona Te * but got no results. 5PM says, “Not sh e ment this month. Messages can be de- liver where now. Weather conditions not very goo rebuilding his transmitter into a TP- TG fied circuit using two UX-210 tubes. 5RD eping two schedules which are going fine, tho QRW school. There is only one of the gy

: who is interested in 5 meter work (5NE) and | nemitter is not yet completed. Trafi QJ 18, 5A0Z 1, 5PM 25, SIE 7, 65RD MI IPPI—SCM, J. W. Gullett, 5AKP—The ama in this state is very bright as several being heard on the air now. 5YD now and says they will have a good ‘ for the month of March. 65LY is now oI meters and wants all the gang to listen for I 5AYB is now transmitting on 40.2 met loing good work. 5ANP is transmit- tir meters. 5AJJ who has a boat equipped with put up for the winter. 5AGS is heard yn ter band now and we are glad to hear

new are

his f Jl again. 5FQ has a UV-240 on 40 met reports working oh-6AVL. 5AKP has a 5 , aca Corps tube on 20 meters and is WoOrkiT LU) . _Traft AKP 81, 5AYB 87, 5ANP 14, 5AJJ 12, 5FOQ TEN? EE—SCM, L. K. Rush, 4KM—Three new OR 3 ar peration, Let’s have those reports. 4SP sen good report and reports going to 20 re- rentls < with a crystal has been QSO with oa oz, wr fo ._ 8b. etc. 4TD has had QRM from busir ally hooked his brother 6DOR and ; hi im now. 4ADI says he will be on ir force very shortly. 4ACP has actually handle me traffic. 4ABZ handles lots of traffic and nr for the month. 4HK is going to inst ‘ reury are and 852. 4FX comes second a res 4KM and 4KX are still here. iCU ABD is dormant. 4GL handled more tra ff } been put thru in this state for some time } report didn’t get here in time. 4FI shor ts of traffic last month. The Knoxville uma t on a traffic contest with a 210 as prize copped the prize with about 140 megs. He build another set to take to his home it x ‘ABR and 4ADI are getting along OK irns his first good report in \BZ 89, 4FX 57, 4LX 26, 4HK 22, 4ACP ‘SP 10, 4TD 2, 4ADI 2. HUDSON DIVISION N RN NEW JERSEY—SCM, A. G. Wester, | P, the RM, again makes the BPL. the air and is QSO on all bands. 2MD are new ORS. Some ORS reporting no messages handled and ropped shortly if no traffic is handled. Statior san handle ARRL broadcasts, please Oo with the SCM. 2AT is back from a trip the air again. 2CP handled traffic with all nir tricts on 80 meters and notifies all sta- e primary object of 2CP is a traffic station 2DX lives up to his call and works Dx has trouble with the RI re license renew 1C_steps all over the globe and handles FC is having a hard time finding time } “— KA is desirous of getting some skeds on 80 1 rs. 2ASZ will be heard now as a new trar as arrived which kept him off. 2CJD insta I er supply and relays all in metal pabir . a result of no more QRM to the BCLs. FB N is QRW school and also his aerial came down NG had no luck during tests but had fine Qs r after. 2CGK has a transmitter working but nnot find time to operate it. 2MD, our nev ad a fine traffic total. 2BIR is in line for ertificate. 2IS expects two good sched- fic. 2AVK rebuilt the transmitter and is : ne results. 2ADL is going South on anot! shortly and will be off the air for a br [ 2BAL is very QRW due to arrival of 2JX works all Europe with an ndox nd counterpoise. 2AOP has a phone on s organizing a 180 meter club which q new rator. alrea five members all active on that wave. 2GX } fine results working Africans and Zedders in th on 20 meters. 2BY has had several 2nd and 3: trict hams call at her station to inspect the wo JG has applied for an ORS and handed in a raffic report. 2ABE still has trouble with antennas coming down. 2BDF, another applicant for ORS, is keeping a schedule with 8TH and handles plenty of Boy Scout traffic. Traffic: 2WR 1, 2AT 12, 2CP 263, 2DX 18, 2JC 52, 2FC 2, 2KA 6, 2ASZ 9, 2CJD 7, 2AGN 10, 2ANG 15, 2MD 71, 2CTQ 11, 2CJX 58, 2BIR 46, 2AVK 3, 2ADL 40, 2BAL 2, a 87, 2AOP 21, 2BY 61, 2JG $2, 2ABE 1, 2BDF 3 NEW YORK CITY . LONG ISLAND—Asst. SCM, J. B. Kilpatrick, 2EV—Manhattan: 2BCB won Aero transmitter coils in Army-Amateur contest. 2BGO has a new QRW now. 2BNL now using RAC in place of B batts. 2BOX put up new Hertz antenna and it’s working FB. 2KR is using a 204A now and working real DX. 2OV is taking a portable to Calif. this summer. Brooklyn: 2ADZ is waiting for the lighting company to change his DC to AC. 2BAZ burned out his transformer and has been rebuilding. 2BDM is still looking for good skeds. 2BO seems to be getting out FB now. 2CRB hopes to win a couple of good binding posts in the international tests. 2PF says he reduced BCL QRM to minimum by putting RF chokes in house line. Long Island: 2ATZ was heard in Europe on 80 meters. 2AJE is away attending Rensselaer Poly. Institute. 2AVB has been stepping out in great style. 2AWQ has had a bad power leak. 2AYS worked two EG’s with indoor antenna. 2BSL is rebuilding his portable. 2CTP is working Europe with a UV202. Bronx: 2ALP has been sick but is OK now and going strong. Staten Island: 2AFV handled the most traffic this month and is working WNP on 20 meters at times. Traffic: Manhattan: 2ANX 18, 2BBX 10, 2BCB 36, 2BGO 31, 2BNL 10, 2BOX 24, 2CZR 42, 2EV 11, 2KR 39, 20V 10. Brooklyn: 2ABP 21, 2ADZ 25, 2AND 50, 2APB 31, 2BAZ 7, 2BDM 54, 2BO 81, 2CRB 24, 2PF 18. Long Island: 2AIZ 66, 2AJE 1, 2ALS 15, 2AVB 37, 2AWQ 7, 2AYS 7, 2BSL 3, 2CTP 20, 2TY 5. Bronx: 2AET 7, 2AHG 39, 2ALP 25, 2BAD 23. Staten Island: 2ABO 24, 2AFV 109. EASTERN NEW YORK—2ABY reports a new ham in the person of 2BLI. 2CNS is now at his new QRA, 2 Livingston Ave., White Plains, N. Y., and is using an indoor antenna and counterpoise. 2BOW cannot seem to raise any foreigners. Traffic: 2ABY 99, 2CNS 10, 2BOW 99. MIDWEST DIVISION OWA—SCM, A, W. Kruse, 9BKV—The RM reports everything perking fine and a nice list of schedules throughout the state. FB. 9DRA is the star traffic man this month, with 9EJQ right behind him. 9DZW turned in his usual fine report and handled some WNP traffic. 9BKV is using ICW with good results. 9CZC says traffic seems to be as plentiful ag ever. 9CUX is a new ORS and finds lots of traffic on 80. 9PB reports everything perking FB on 40 and 80. 9DEA made the BPL and no schedules! 9DGW blew his 50 and rigged up a couple of 201-As and a 250 volt MG but results were punk. 9BCA and 9EXX handled lots of traffic at the Fort Madison Radio Show. 9BTX, 9PB, EJQ, 9CUX, 9DLJ, 9BIP and 9AAW also handled great batches of messages for the Show. 9EHN has a new Zepp antenna and reports fine results on 40 and 80. 9CS did fine work on 40 by keeping several skeds. 9CGY works a lot of sixes. Q9EIV turned in a good report for a starter. 9EHR is putting in a spark coil CW for emergency work. FB. 9AMG is leaving for college but expects to be on this summer. 9BWN reported by radio and says he is too busy to handle much traffic. 9EIW gets A. C. and RAC reports from her DC power. Hi. 9CJL says he’s got spring fever. 9ECO is using a current feed Hertz with good results. 9AYH and 9DPL pound away when they have time. Don’t forget the Midwest Convention at Ames, April 13th and 14th. Let’s all go. Traffic: 9DRA 504, 9EJQ 344, 9DZW 298, 9BKV 289, 9CZC 285, 9CUX 259, 9DEA 228, 9PB 216, 9DGW 214, 9DGW 82, 9BAC 200, 9EHN 152, 9CS 78, 9CGY 62, 9EIV 52. SEHR 48, 9AMG 46, 9BWN 46, 9EIW 45, 9CJL 42, 9ECO 17, 9AYH 6, 9DPL 1, 9EXX 58. KANSAS—SCM F. S. McKeever, 9DNG—The Inter- national Tests seem to have been the main interests in Kansas this month, 9DRD, 9DIH, 9CV and 9DNG- 9AEK were among stations entered. 9DRD worked Africa in tests so a WAC certificate will be his soon. 9DNG-9AEK worked all the continents. 9CFN has several fine skeds in all directions. 9HL, and 9CKV are two of the most consistent traffic men now. 9BII reports a new 852 as do 9CLR, 9BUY, 9BPL and 9CPY. 9CFW, 9CNT and 9COR are on the air but not very active. 9LN was complaining be- QST FOR APRIL, 1928

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4 " Cor A2FYQQ0 G6 cause he could not get out and then pulled an R8 from SA! 9EBM is steadily coming to the front. 9BET is QRW washing machine business. Traffic: 9DNG 175, 9BUY 56, 9BPL 3, 9BHR 46, 9CPY 5, 9BII 12, 9HL 81, 9COR 11, 9CFN 47, 9CNT 19, 9BGX 5, 9CFW 12, 9CKV 62, 9EBM 12, 9LN 17, 9JU 17, 9CLR 8, 9BET 1, NEBRASKA—SCM, C. B. Diehl, 9BYG—Our ob- server says he'll resign if there isn’t more business in his line soon. 9CJT, 9AWS and 9CGQ fell flat again this time. 9ANZ hit good in the interna- tional test with a score of 9. 9QY working with 20 meter phone says FB. 9EEW is still repairing BCLs. 9DI is very busy with his school work. 9BOQ had a long siege of illness and a death in the family. Sorry, OM. 9CHB says that if any one gets half as much kick out of an ORS as he does, all the radio in the world would be ham radio. 9BBS is working to perfect his filter between licks on the railroad. 9CDB is rebuilding his entire station. 9BQR has a terrible time with QSS caused from power line and QRM from power leaks, ete. Q9EBL blew his plate transformer, 9EGJ turns in first report which is a dinger. 9AGD comes up for air and spouts 40 for a change. 9DVR after testing with the BCLs finds that his set does not touch any of them except a few single circuits. Traffic: 9ANZ 15, 9QY 10, 9EEW 5, 9DFR 7, 9BYG 2, 9CHB 11, 9BBS 31, 9EGJ 46, 9AGD 40, 9DVR 25. MISSOURI—SCM, L. B. Laizure, 9RR—9DOE and 9BEQ led in traffic in St. Louis this month. 9BEQ tried the tests but had too much power leak QRM to do much. 9BEU combined DX and traffic work. 9BHI was on 20 mostly and traffic suffered. 9DLB worked the 80 band and handled a good total. 9BMU increased his total over January. 9DZN had no traffic due to school and X section QRM. 9ZK kept a 50 on 81 meters and another 50 on 21.4 meters but the 250 on 41.6 was QRT due to blown tube. 9DUD is now an OBS. 9DKG hit the BPL for deliveries. Schedules helped raise his total, 9BOE was lost this month. 9ARA handled a lot of test messages but reception was hindered by power leaks. 9CRM had an excellent traffic report and got R6 report from London on 80 meters. 9CCQ reports several new hams and a good traffic total. 9DAE hit the BPL with 5 skeds in effect. 9BUE is re- covering from a siege of illness. 9BQS has been tied up by job QRM and also was off while building Haynes type chem. rectifier. 9LI had a good month but QRM from school. 9LU kept skeds with 9ENU for basket ball game scores and had some good DX. 9ASV received his ORS and put in a sked with 5AXX. 9EUB is a new traffic station in Joplin. 9ERR is a new station in Stockton, operated by the father of 9CDF. 9CDF is temporarily absent working W.U. job in Kansas and carrying portable transmitter. 9ERR and 9BUE are on 150 meter band. 9BVC, the new 00, turned in a good off-wave operation report. 9AJW and 9ERM have a station going in Fulton handling traffic. 9AVS and 9DZP continue active but reports are nil. 9ENU hit the BPL this month for good deliveries. 9RR also had a good month but was unable to operate enough to be a BPL member. 9LD and 9ENU secured 9FAU as the call for their new station at Overland Park, Kans. 9ADR is QRT going to school and operating KFKU. 9EMH clicked with Asia this month. 9ACA is still QRT after moving. 9DQN doubled his traffic this month. 9DOJ appears on the traffic sheet after an extended absence. 9AYL and 9AHZ were QRW with tests. 9DLL moved and blew two 210s and 20 mikes of condenser. 9ZD put in most of his time with X work. 9WV and 9BSB were on considerably but traffic did not materialize. 9RR made two skeds and kept them for two weeks then job QRM obliged QSK. 9ARO is the call assigned to the N.R.F. 100 watt station. 9DQN was appointed A-A station. 9DRY is on frequently. 9EUR of Denver visited the hams in K.C. during the last week of February. The new ham column was dropped from the K.C. Post and QSY’d to the K.C. Sunday Star, thanks to 9EMH. Traffic: 9DOE 140, 9BEQ 80, 9BEU 19, 9BHI 15, 9DLB 39, 9BMU 12, 9ZK 26, 9DKG 120, 9BUE 10, SASV 10, 9EUB 4, 9LJ 25, 9LI 16, 9BQS 1, 9DAE 330, 9CCQ 33, 9CRM 154, 9ARA 94, 9DQN 21, 9ENU 101, 9EMH 2, 9DOJ 46, 9RR 208, 9AJW-ERM 14. NEW ENGLAND DIVISION ONNECTICUT—SCM, H. E. Nichols, 1BM—1VB, . 1CTI, 1ASD have made the grade for BPL this month and deserve most honorable mention for their efforts in keeping traffic on the jump. 1VE and 1IM report traffic coming through very nicely on QST FOR APRIL, 1928 schedule operation. 1VE is displaying a new AA appointment. 1BWM and ICTI have recently com- pleted a map of active ORS in Conn. which is FB. 1BHM and 1BJK report things moving very nicely in New Haven and with the AA work, 1BJK sure is helping the Electric Co. out. 1MK has finally got into operation again and from the sound of that powerful signal can understand why they went up on the 80 band. RP who hails from the West and used to be old 9WR is the new op. We sure welcome you, OM. IMY has finally decided the eighty meter band is pretty fair for local DX and has started some schedules. 1ATG has recently come up to the best traffic band and is handling a goodly bit of traffic and we are pleased with his results. 1ADW and 10S have been keeping the Danbury section of our state in fairly active con- dition, Traffic: 1BQH 2, 1BGC 7, 10S 18, 1AMC 14, 1BLF 14, 1NE 18, 1TD 24, 1MK 26, IMY 28, 1BHM 33, 1ADW 48, 1BWM 562, 1AFB 64, 1BJK 72, 1ATG 80, 1IM 81, 1AOI 82, 1ASD 85, 1VE 112, 1CTI 204, 1VB 265, 1AMG 138, 1BNS 148, MAINE—SCM, Fred Best, 1BIG—1CDX sent in a good total which shows what a real schedule will do for a ham. 1BUB is working both the 40 and 80 bands with good results. 1AIT is back on 81.5 with a fine note and a wicked punch. IBAY, a new ham, turned in a mighty fine total this time. 1AJC turned in a fine report, showing that Portland is at last on the map when it comes to traffic. 1BFZ says he has been kind of neglecting the 80 meter band, 1AQL is on from 6.30 p. m. to 7.00 daily. He reports the new call letters of the Queen City Radio Club as being 1ARR and says that new members are coming in all the time, 1AUR says that there is all sorts of activity in Livermore Falls, with 1AQD, 1AHY, 1AXP and I1IP on the air. 1ASJ found that he could work Europe with lowpowered set, so he has temporarily laid off the traffic game. 1FP reports that due to his new job he will not be able to be on so much now. 1ATV reported by radio that his transformer has been burned out the early part of the month. 1BIG is hard at work get- ting an USNR organization under way and desires to hear from Bangor and Portland hams who are interested in putting their respective cities on the map with a real honest-to-goodness USNR unit. Traffic: 1BIG 208, 1CDX 54, 1BUB 54, 1AIT 50, 4 ae 1AJC 31, 1BFZ 18, 1AQL 10, 1AUR 2, 1AS ° NEW HAMPSHIRE—SCM, V. W. Hodge, 1ATJ— Traffic this month was scarce due to the many sta- tions taking part in the Tests. 1IP pumped out a bunch with his 201A, and worked Kansas City with an input of 2.3 watts. 1AEF, in spite of a blown tube, worked good DX and handled his share of traffic. 1ANK is a new station reported by him. 1BFT reports a bunch of stations and ops at NHU. One of them, 1IH made 66 points in the Tests. 1ANS says he didn’t report last month as his OW cleaned out his shack and he couldn’t find anything left to report. Hi. 1AOQ is working a few on 20 and 40. 1ASR has been authorized by the Fed. Radio Comm. to work in the new 10 meter band. 1BFT, 1IP, 1ALY and 1AEF are enlisting in the Naval Reserve. 1JN reported direct to HQ this month. The SCM hopes to meet the NH gang at the Convention. See you there, OM. Traffic: 1IP 168, 1AEF 120, 1ATJ 80, 1A0Q 51, 1ASR 38, 1ANS 24, 1BFT 238, 1JN 28. EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS—SCM, E. L. Battey, 1UE—Eight stations make the BPL with 1FL as the star traffic pusher. 1AKS, 1CRA, 1LM and 1WV all turned in enviable reports, 1SL has been ap- pointed as Official Observer. IBVL, 1AXA. 1ADM, 1ABA, 1ACH, 1BW, 1IRY, 1KH, 1WV and 10WN all took part in the International Tests and nearly all had good luck. 1AKS is operating at WIM. Schedules are still desired by 1YC. 1BVL worked fo-A7U and fo-A4E. 1ABA got R&S from New Zealand FB. 1ADM had his 60 foot mast up again but it had another downfall. He will be back on 80 soon now that the tests are over. 1KH and 1WV, the rivals, worked too much DX to list. DX re ported good by 1IBKV. 1NK says he will be on more regularly now so you traffic men should watch for him. 1ACA says 80 is getting as bad as 40 as far as QRM goes. 1BDV finally got Zep feed work- ing, but school QRM keeps him off the air quite a bit. Two new hams are being tutored by ILAHV. INV still finds time to pound now and then. 1APK has been appointed Monitor Station in A-A Radio System. YLs take some of his time, says 1IN. The BCLs have 1AVY on the jump, fixing their receivers. 1ASI has rebuilt and is keeping some skeds. The 53

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QRW accounts for small totals his total, gang. ng pretty smoothly now with 1VR, 1MR, 1LM and 1UE taking part. know what is wrong with the ORS. Plans are being made New England Convention to 1 at the Elks Hotel Apr 20 and 2ist. ver big and will surely go over with f Let’s all plan fo at- 7, LAGS 24, 1ASI 23, 1AHV 25, 10N 7, 1ACA 46, INV 12, MASSACHUSETTS — SCM, is quitting the ham game. “Kit” Duval is operating the sta- MCA under his own call 1AMW. know what part of the 20 Aussies at 8 am. regularly in his vacation periods. d the Naval Reserve net. is as per usual and had a fine traf- ays he is just catching up on lost 1BIV has at last got back and says he hopes to be on reg- eall of the radio club 1ANI says any- moved but says he will be on the 1IL of Springfield, Mass., is a new h him the best of luck. 1ASU 2, 1AZD 266, AND—SCM, D. B. Fancher, family has kept 1LAMU off the air says that the tests put a crimp 1AWE’s DX reads like a isn’t so bad either. 7 points in the Contest and his traffic é traffic report but no news 1BAT hooked WNP bulk of his traffic on 40. 1BVB has gone 1BQD 14, 1AWE 13, 1MO 8, 1AMU they had as there are some donated and will be awarded your report is confirmed, NYC now but will go west for we sure will miss George’s DC State and using eb on 20 meters. meter band and has » recent tests using a Zep ntains good contacts on 83 meters. meter experimenter and does good work IBBJ’s job in his absence. lots of traffic coming 1NH perks out fine on low power 31, 1BEB 21, 1EZ 9, 1BJP 37, 1FN NORTHWESTERN DIVISION SCM, O. W. Viers, 7AAT-QT—7AJU section again this month and re- soon return to on the sea again. trouble going east and would » some of the eastern on 84.8 meters. but is cramped for time. when he isn’t too busy. eporting card in time so jotted the * blank and sent it the sick list but is doing a little work now. TAFP from Red Lodge got his 210 on and worked a few. T7AHG has built a new TP-TG transmitter, but she still refuses to talk. TOW is still getting on the receiving end of the programs from eg-5SW on 20 meters. TAAT-QT now has a 900 cycle supply for the 852 and will soon be on with a 210 and a 500 volt MG. Those, in this part of the country, interested in copying the official broad- casts from this section may find the following a help. TAAT on 38.2 meters at 5 pm MST every day except Sundays. T7AFM on 40 meters 9 to 11 pm daily ex. Sat. TEL, 41.5 m. Mons. at 9 pm MST and Thurs. at 7 pm. TDD, 1 pm 21 meters, 5 pm, 42 meters, 1l pm 83 meters, 7AAW, Mon. Thurs. Sat. and Sun. 2:30 pm 41.75 meters. 7FL Mon, 40 meters 7:30 pm. Fridays, 40 meters 7:30 pm, Sats. 21 meters, 2:30 pm. Traffic: TAJU 39, TEL 21, 7DD 20, TAAT 14, 7AFM 11, 7FL 6. OREGON—SCM, R. H. Wright, 7PP—7AEC takes all the honors this month. 7AEK is using TG-TP circuit. TUN is using 20 meters entirely, says that he can’t work anything on 40. TPL, a new ORS, is a promising traffic station. 7OQ held four days of regular contact with SS Guide enroute to Hawaii. 7HV a new amateur at Toledo, is using a UX210 supplied with B batts. 7FU has installed ICW to relieve the BCLs of key clicks. 7ABH says he worked three Africans in two days the long way round. 7MH is QRW with school at present but will be on reg- ularly this spring. Traffic: T7AEC 364, 7MH 46, 70Q 27, TABH 21, 7FU 20, 7PL 13, TUN 13, TAEK 7, TAKK 5, THV 4. WASHINGTON—SCM, Otto Johnson, 7FD—New ORS are 7BM, 7BB, 7ACA, 7QG, 7BR, 7MP, 7DF, 7EK, 7VK and 7AG. Tommy Baird, 7VL, of Spokane, has been appointed RM for Eastern Washington and it is expected that traffic totals will begin to show a healthy increase. The small totals this month are due largely to the Tests but next month will be another story. The new ORS are all live wires and it is hoped that the nice certificate will inspire them to make the BPL the first month. Old ORS who were not reappointed but who believe they are entitled to a ticket are requested to write the SCM. Better cooperation will mean more and better ORS. Traffic: 7QG 32, 7KO 31, 7VL 14, 7TX 12, TAFQ 9, 7MP 8, 7TZ 7, TIV 7. PACIFIC DIVISION OS ANGELES—SCM, D. C. Wallace, 6AM—6AM Zz and 6BSN make the BPL this month. 6BSN is keeping some good schedules and one message handled from Phoenix covered 16,000 miles before it reached Fresno. 6ZBJ is keeping some _ good schedules. 6BZR is still rebuilding and is putting up a Hertz soon. 6QL had a chat with OM Russell of am-3AB. 6BFP hantiled several messages from China. 65AWQ extends a general invitation to the gang to come to Lake Arrowhead and pound brass to their heart’s content, day or nite. 6DKX located a private C. F. Moore at Manila, P. I. with- in ten days, after mails and cables had failed dur- ing period since Sept. 20, 1927. The U. S. Army Recruiting Officer in Los Angeles referred the boy’s parents to 6DKX. 6BZC put in more power there but has been off the air most of the month. 6BJX says QRM from other work leaves little time for radio and that 6DDX (ex- oa-5AP) was a big success in a play. 6BJX has had a visit from 6DDX’s YL. 6DOW is a new contributor with his first report but is going to report every month from now on. 6COT has a sister attending Redlands University, and gets the news to her in ten minutes through 6BFP. 6ANN, after trying all kinds of antennae, is at last sold on the Zep. 6DPK is off the air temporarily because of change of QRA. 6BXD missed reporting because he got married. 6DGT got a new 50 watt set going and hopes to get in more traffic and DX. 6CUH handled a message for a business man in OH who wanted his wife in LA to meet him in SF on a certain date. oh6DKI told him that the man was very tickled with the FB service. 6ABK got 18 points in the contest and thinks the contest was sure FB. 6BTS had trans- mitter trouble but will be going full force again this month. 6ALZ says XKV3 is a lumber scow off the coast of Nicaraugua, and wants to work the gang. 6ALR’s tube went west and he is rebuild- ing. 6DEG is working on a short wave super-het. 6DPY says a radio club is being started in Bakers- field by him and 6WZ. 6RBVT is trying to get a sked with Hawaii. 6CLK, 6BHR, 6AIO, 6PY, 6BRO, 60F report as usual. 6AM finds the screen grid QST FOR APRIL, 1928 fro an 6DI

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-TP . he is a of raii. 210 to ked MH reg- are RS tter AM SN age ore ing ‘om the ind th- ur- for receiver is great. His 6 phase transmitter was de- scribed in February QS7T. He has also been acting 19 and 88 with 250 watts. 6CFQ is now on 20 with very good results. 6DEY is building a xtal as chairman inductive interference committee for control xmitter with a 500 watt power amplifier. the Radio Trades Assn. of Southern Calif. Traffic: 6AM 128, 6BSN 115, 6ZBJ 68, 6BZR 68, 6QL 57, 6BFP 48, 6AWQ 45, 6DKX 44, 6BZC 43, 6BJX 41, 6BGC 25, 6DCH 22, 6CHT 20, 6AGR 19, 6DOW 16, 6COT 16, 6ANN 16, 6DPK 16, 6BXD 15, 6DGT 12, 6CUH 11, 6CAG 11, 6AKW 11, 6CQM 10, 6ID 10, 6CZT 10, 6BVT 9, 6CMQ 9, 6SJ 8, 6ABK 8, 6BTS 7, 6ALZ 7, 6ALR 6, 6DEG 6, 6DPY 3. SANTA CLARA VALLEY—SCM, F. J. Quement, 6éNX—Nearly all the stations entered the tests this month but notwithstanding the traffic seemed to move the same as other months. 6AMM was badly handi- capped by power leaks, but the PI sked still held up. 6BCH was second in traffic this month and is showing a gain each month. 6BMW got his cry- stal going on 20.8 and reports everything FB. 6BMW is the RM. Write him for skeds, and he will also check your QRH. 6BYH reports that between the tests and a Ford, hasn’t much time for traffic. Hi. 6BAX was QSO plenty of DX this month. 6AOD, the new 00, is working the three bands but reports DX ND. 6CJD is still traveling around but hopes to get located soon, 6BNH was QRW this month. 6BVY seems to have retired from the traffic game. Let’s hear from you, OM. 6NX was commissioned Ensign in the USNR this month. Traffic: 6AMM 300, 6BCH 54, 6BMW 30, 6BYH 29, 6BAX 21, 6AOD 7. EAST BAY—SCM, P. W. Dann, 6ZX—Well gang, by the time this goes to press, you will probably be acquainted with the new SCM, J. Walter Frates, Jr., 368-62nd St., Oakland, Calif. It is earnestly requested by the outgoing SCM that you fellows bury your hammers and get behind Frates 100%. I sincerely hope that you ORS will make a better showing for the month of March than for Feb. You fellows elected Frates to the SCM job so get be- hind him. With your entire support, he'll make the East Bay Section THE Section but there'll be no room for the laggards. 6ALV is going to Alaska 6BBJ entered the International Tests and is build- ing 20 meter CW so not much doing. 6BPC also in tests but also has skeds with na-7KN. I want to thank those who assisted me while SCM of the East Bay Section and again request that all get behind the new SCM and assist him in making the East Bay Section the best ever, and help put over the coming A. R. R. L. Convention. 6CGM complains of a bad power leak. 6BUX got the old 50 on for the second week of the Tests but just as he got all set, his power transformer blew. 6AMI sold his MG. He says 80 is better than 40 for night work. 6COL has a 20 meter Zepp that works FB. 6CLZ will be on more regularly in about two weeks but still has bad QRM from U. of Calif. when it comes to studies. Hi. Traffic: 6BPC 24, 6ALV 8, 6CGM 60, 6BUX 40, 6AMI 70, 6COL 8, 6CLZ 1. ARIZONA—SCM, D. B. Lamb, 6ANO-—6BJF re- ports several new hams in Phoenix. 6CDU reports again after two months missed. 6AZM says local QRM makes it almost impossible to work through. 6BWS says that 6DAU, 9ENM and himself have the best traffic hookup in this part of the country. 6CPX a new ORS although an old timer coming from Calif. attending the U. of A. 6ANO has been working some DX and handling some traffic. 6DWQ is ex-9ADI of Colo. Springs using a 204A in Hart- ley with recto bulbs. 6DSA is a new station but an old timer back of the key using a small set. 6DIE sports a mercury are now and is proud of it. 6DRH says its very difficult to QSR Calif. on 80. 6BWS leads the state in messages this month. 6DRH is next. Traffic: 6BJF 97. 6CPX 34, 6BWS 116, 6CDU 10, 6ANO 56, 6DRH 113. SACRAMENTO VALLEY—SCM, C. F. Mason, 6CBS—The SCM reports enthusiasm picking up. Three stations reported this month. That is better but there is still room for lots of improvement The club meetings are getting bigger each time. Traffic: 6CDK 8&8, 6DON 15, 6CIS 12. HAWAITI—SC¢M, F. L. Fullaway, oh6CFQ—The an- nual winter fade-out effect seems to have cleared up somewhat and as a result, there was more activity among the hams. 6AVL, working on both 20 and 40, has the high traffic score, 6DJU has been experimenting with zeppelin antenna and 20 meters with good results. 6BDL got in part of the international tests but had trouble with his genera- tor. 6DPG has built a 201A self-rectified 20 meter xmitter, 6DCU is trying 20 with no luck. His 50 blew so he hit it and made it work. Hi. 6CLJ is on QST FOR APRIL, 1928 6DB keeps a regular sked with his relative 6KS in Traffic: 6AVL 114, 6BDL 29, 6DB 26, 6CLJ 23, 6DPG 18. NEVADA—SCM, C. B. Newcombe, 6UO—6LB has his xmitter working on 19.5 meters now and reports good results, 6ABM is not on much lately as he has been too busy. Traffic: 6ABM 11, 6LB 21, 6CHG 19, 6UO 20. SAN DIEGO—SCM, G. A. Sears, 6BQ—Now that 6BXI has a WAC he has sold his fifty and uses 15 watts. 6AJM leads the Section in the recent Tests. 6BAM finds lots of traffic on the 80 band. 6EC keeps daily sked with nn-INIC and handles a pile of tfc, 6BQ still finds time to handle some traffic and sticks to ultra-audion xmitter. 6BYZ keeps busy trying to line up more skeds in Orange County. 6EC has been appointed 00. 6BWI is building a new 50 TP-TG. 6CNK keeps two skeds. 6DAU has been sent to sea and resigns as ORS. Sorry to see you go, OM. 6FP has cleared up a pile of trouble for the BCLs and amateurs in San Diego and vicinity, 60X was heard on the air again recently. 6BAS plans on trying out the 10 meter band. 6BFE is QRW digging ditches. 6BDE has a superhet working on 10 meters and reports heard a 3rd district station recently. Supervisor of Radio for the 6th Dist., Mr Linden, held examinations in the Federal Bldg., San Diego, recently and was greeted by a full house. Traffic: 6BXI 216, 6AJM 183, 6BAM 158, 6EC 125, 6BQ 98, 6BYZ 48, 6BWI 22, 6CNK 18, 6DAU 14, 6FP 14, 60X 9, 6BAS 6. PHILIPPINES—SCM, J. E. Jiminez, op1AT—The SCM sends in the Philippine report for the last three months, listing just traffic so it goes as follows: Traffic: November: opl1HR 593, opIDR 362, op1DL 136 ,opl1AT 27, op1GZ 10. December: oplHR 664, opIDR 332, opIDL 168, op1AT 28, op1GZ 18. Jan- vary: oplHR 719, op1IDR 103, opIDL 144, oplGZ 16, oplAT 3. ROANOKE DIVISION IRTH CAROLINA—SCM, R. S. Morris, 4JR— \ 4DQ is going up to 80 as too much “pse QSL cul 73” on 40. 4AB seems to be taking all honors for traffic lately. 4VH is trying to catch up with {AB but missed again. 4ADJ is increasing the capacity of his Edison battery plate supply. 40C had fine luck in the international tests. 4EC is now located at New Bern and punching the key at 4EA. 4EA is going strong with a 250 watter. 4OH had trouble with his plate transformer during the tests. 4JR has been QRW terts and convention. Traffic: 4AB 116, 4VH 78, 4DB 60, 4EC 19, 4JR 9, 4EA 8, 4DQ 1. WEST VIRGINIA—SCM, H. S. Hoffman, Jr., 8HD 8VZ did some fine work on schedules using one 852, working 6BN for ten consecutive evenings. 8ACZ is on 175 meters and also on 20. SAUL took an international test message from nl-GREN. SCLQ worked fo-A5T during internationals. SDPO work- ing west coast with new set. 8SBJG back for vaca- tion and heard on several times SBNZ and 80K reported rebuilding. SDEW getting out good. SHD when not QRW from school work has sked with 4KF. Several of the gang anticipate being at the Charlotte Convention, 9EI visited Huntington and 8ALG visited 8SHD. Traffic: 8VZ 407, SACZ 91, SBPA 18, 8HD 8, SAUL 5, 8DEW 5, 8CLQ 4, 8BBM 4, 8BJG 38. VIRGINIA—SCM, J. F. Wohlford, 3CA—8CEL had to close up, blew last fifty watter and can’t find any more. 8KU QSKd all skeds for the tests, had rotten QRM from power leaks and made 90 points and 49 foreign QSOs. 3JT blew his UP-1016 and had to close up most of the month. 3WM made 60 points in tests and about 35 foreign QSOs. 38TN also QRX for tests but had no luck. 3AQY and 8ARB are new stations at Ocean View. A new ham will be on at the Naval Operating Base, Hamp- ton Roads, soon. 3EC has been handling some traf- fice. 8CEL claims no traffic but works around among the hams every night. 8BGS is preparing for the new power set. 3KG is also waiting on the new line for his new transmitter. 38AG continues to reach out after them at spare times, 3NM is QRW exams and had to cancel all skeds. 3PO is a new ham at Charlottesville. SIE sends in his report through 3NM and handled a few messages. 3CKL has his xtal control set going now on 40 meters. 3CA is working on a new transmitter and will be 55

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C on gener BCI is g exper to w worl trar Hi _8BZ attended the board meeting at now has the bug again. 8BDZ is still hie xtal set. He and 8CKL are en- convention, KU 180, 3CEB 38, 3JT 25, 3WM 5, 8TN BGS 8, 8AG 10, 3NM 28, 8EI 4, 3CKL ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISION SCM, C. R. Stedman, 9CAA—9EAM rward again this month with his regu- f msgs. FB work, OM. 9CAA is for a mercury are rectifier. 9DQD is ntinental route now and says traffic is ahead. 9ENM is kept busy training hams via the code class. 9DRV 80 meters—maybe. 9DQV has been and so was not on much. 9CCM has r set up every time it snows so it wet. 9CAT put in a motor generator set the world on fire. 9CDE has with the international tests to do 9CAW finally got his receiver t class shape but the wave of the ps all the way from WIK to WIR. ~n on but says no traffic. 9EEA was nding the Directors meeting. 9EJW as ever. 9BYC is rebuilding for 40 AM 284, 9CAA 93, 9DQD 67, 9ENM DQV 7, 9CDE 5, 9CAW 16, OUTHEASTERN DIVISION SCM, A. D. Trum, 5AJP—5AKK fi one about Birmingham. 5AX lendid work out at Robert’s Flying a fifty watt set under the call he old Morse op, is xing on 20 na system. 65PD is off the air until 5MI is on again with 50 watts. reliables Bell and Ansley are on with 2000 AC. 5ARG, the ship yng fine using a Hertz and getting a 210. 5AXN has a 200 watt Tele- fine and working all countries. 5WQ his radio good but plays a mean 5DT is in love and the fellows call Bird”. 6AKK just returned from that the gang there couldn’t have more royally. 5AR is going to be in- while longer. 5UY is using a freak isting of a 210 built in a cigar box loading coils on a 140 ft. ant. with ry DC on the plate. 5SAYL is doing ntsville. 5AAD is coming back in fine the pleasure of a visit from 4HQ Naval Reserve Duty. Montgomery ne. 5ADA has been working in spare time to work his set. 5ATS just transformer which he ordered after yerfectly good generator and says good month. 5ATJ, a new nam, is of good work. 5JY had the mis- ne his battery go west on his re- n a dormant stare. D 26, 5AX $2, 5AS 16, 5PD 4, 5ARG WQ 16, 5UV 63, 5AYL 25, 5ADA 21, TJ 8, 6JY 386. CM, C. E. Ffoulkes, 4LK—The SCM i to see the large amount of traffic th 4ACV and 4PU dropped in to this month, also 8BZZ of Zanesville, 3Q and WSP. 4BL leads the gang time Traffic has picked up with 4TK @ his mercury are rectifier. RL of the Navy Now” and hopes to make {OB is the proud owner of a WAC iCK gets R9 reports in Eurove. ping out for 4AAO now. 4BN handled So. Florida Fair. 4MS made a talk ham radio. 4RK is leaving for the 4ABJ is sitting behind a couple of lad to hear from 4CH who worked 80 is the berries. 400 has a mur- {NE is back on the air after a long he still has hopes of getting a 101, 4TK 70, 4LK 68, 40B 65, 4CK (BN 40, 4MS 30, 4RK 22,.4ABJ 15, 400 6, 4NE 4, 4HY 4. GA.-S.C.-Cuba-Porto Rico-Isle of Pines—SCM, H. L Reid, 4KU—Georgia: 4RN in bad with power interference and only made 99 points in the interna- tional tests and his best DX was oa-6SA. 4KY had a nice report and has five skeds arranged. 4ABS sends us the dope on the Columbus gang. 4NQ received a fine letter of recommendation from the Corps Area Signal Officer about the low wave work he has been doing lately. 4FE lost his plate transformer and is re- building pending the arrival of a new one. 4PA is being reported in England with a 201-A with 160 volts on the plate. Porto Rico: 4KD sends us the dope on the PR gang but claims that they are not coming through as they should. 4AAN handled news of Lindbergh’s Caracas to St. Thomas flight to nu-2UO via xnu-KGAA, the Yacht “Aras.” 4JE and 4KT have been busy with arrangements for broadcasting Lindbergh welcom- ing through WKAQ. 4KT ran a Radiola 17 with loud-speaker for the public. 4UR had the mis- fortune to get a few ribs broken and has been un- able to be on. 4KD is still rebuilding and is ready for a two weeks vacation in San Juan. 4AAN is going to put on a 50 watter with MG. 4XH is the experimental station of the Bull Insular steamship company at Loiza, P. R. South Carolina: 4AAM has taken over his Dad's drugstore and has changed his skeds to midnight. 4EI says traffic is certainly humming his way. Traffic: 4EI 146, 4AAM 17, 4ABS 34, 4KY 136, 4RN 78. WEST GULF DIVISION OUTHERN TEXAS—SCM, E. A. Sahm, 5YK— One of our new stations is 5RV of San Antonio. We are glad to get your most interesting re- port, OM. 5SC, the club station is in his back yard. 5ATM of Lufkin, Tex. is another newcomer. He says there are two others, 5AWW and 5AZL in that city. 5ALA reports another ham, 5CO, in Refugio. 5ALA is working with two 210s using 550 on plates. 5EW is working mostly on 20 meters now but says he has little time to operate. 5AMG reports that his tubes went west but that he will have more presently. 5ZU says that he can be on only after 11 pm and has to get up early so he does not have very much time for work. Your SCM is working frantically to go on the air again him- self and hopes to be with you soon as 5GW. Traffic: 5ATM 11, 5ALA 5, 5RV 74. OKLAHOMA—SCM, K. M. Ehret, 5APG—The First West Gulf Div. Convention held February 10th and llth proved a great success and indicates a greater development of amateur radio in the Division. 5ANL still keeps skeds. 5AMO is RM, taking the place of 5FJ who has gone to Washington to attend radio school. 5ANT arranged more skeds and hopes to have an 852 doing its stuff soon. 5AIR reports having a great time at the Convention and helped a man find his mother via amateur radio. 5AYO handled considerable traffic and gets a real punch out of his 210. 5VH had flu and his traffic total dropped as a result. 5AZG has moved and had to crate his set temporarily. 5AFX gets out fine now with a pair of 852’s. 5AAV built a chemical rectifier after trading his syne and seems to get as good results 5APG keeps naval reserve skeds. 5SW finally drop- ped down to 20 meters and reports results FB. 5QL tore down his big set after the Tests and is going to rebuild. Traffic: 5APG 14, 5AAV 10. 5AFX 15. 5ANL 19, 5AMO 244, 5ANT 60, 5AIR 9, 5VH 12, 5AYO 32, 5SW 14, 5QL 66. NEW MEXICO—SCM, L. E. Radka, 5TT—Condi- tions in general seem very poor, altho the msg. total and stations handling traffic are better than previous months. It seems impossible to inject any “pep” into the inactive stations in this Section. Come on, fellows, if you expect this section to stay in existence, do your part and get things started. 5APB reports traffic dropping off. He keeps daily skeds with 5TV but says he is bothered with skips because of the short distance. 5RO is rebuilding the old xmitter. He reports three active stations in Las Vegas at present. FB, M. 5TV, with his low powered transmitter, is again high man in traffic totals, but complains of no DX. 5BH is keeping skeds with 9CDE and reports traffic very slow. Traffic: 5TV 26, 5APB 22, 5RO 12, 5BH 16, 5TT-LG 2 QST FOR APRIL, 1928 tio 40 Mo Ha tim me! rep dre We he smc Qs: to day tub. ber

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ip i's it. 6, us ” Id CANADA MARITIME DIVISION OVA SCOTIA—SCM, W. C. Borrett, 1DD— This is the first time for three months that the Nova Scotia Section has been included in the Maritime report, due to the fact that only 1AE has taken the trouble to send in his report. The SCM cannot make up reports from his imagination. 1AE has schedules with VCJ, VCB and VBY and has done most of his work on 52.5 meters. 1AR, iDJ, 1DD, 1AC, 1AW, 1CC, 1DQ are all located in Halifax at present but activity is rather small. Perhaps the time is ripe for a young convention. The SCM would welcome suggestions from Nova Scotian members of the ARRL as to how to revive interest. Traffic: 1AE 42. ONTARIO DIVISION ONTARIO—SCM, W. V. Sloan, 9BJ—9BZ GOES OVER THE TOP DURING INTERNATIONAL TESTS AND LEADS DIVISION BY SCORING OVER 90 POINTS. VCB AND VBY, FAR NORTH CANADIAN STATIONS MAKING REGULAR USE OF 52.6 METERS. Southern Dist: 3IA turns in a rather brief report this month as the fellows are all too busy collecting points in the International Contest. 3RG reports a new man active in Leam- ington, with a xtal controlled set, 38UD has been settled again now for a few weeks. 3IA joins the ranks of ROTAB’s by hooking with eb-4AU. 3CS again leads the way this month and has rolled up a real list of DX worked, 8CM is busy working on a new plate transformer. 38DZ is having a real tussle with his tube trying to drag it down to 20 meters. 83AD would like schedules on 40. He is on steadily now and handling traffic. Central Dist: 8EL has at last got his N. E. 250 on the air and is getting out in good shape. 3DY has been on the 200 meter band a great deal this past month. 8EG has been prevented from hamming much be- cause of business QRM. 3BL has been active as usual, but this month we have no details. 9AL started out with high hopes in the Tests, but we understand that difficulties cropped up and spoiled his fun. 9BJ has been operating regularly on 52.5 meters, and keeping schedules. 8FC came on once during the Tests and worked eg-5BY on 20 meters for an exchange of messages. 8DV has been ex- perimenting with transmitting circuits, but finds the Hartley is best for him, 3DC has a new Belgian tube working in his CX set, 3Al has been having wonderful success on 80 meters, using a MG for plate supply. S8BT has been confining his atten- tion to phone work and DX is lost in the “Vale of Despond”. 8BU is a newcomer who is expected on the air very soon. 3DB is heard occasionally on 40 and 20. Eastern Dist: 3XM has had to go to Montreal in line of business but Mrs 3XM is now a full-fledged operator so she is carrying on his radio work at home. 3JW is planning a new sta- tion in a room donated for the purpose by the Blind Association of Ottawa, where he plans to be on the air very soon. 83MD has been on very little during the past month and 3XQ has been in Montreal for most of the month. Northern Dist: 8N1 and 8HE are both on 52.5 meters regularly from their stations. 3HP pounds brass at every op- portunity and can always be relied on to turn in a good traffic total. Traffic: 9BJ 69, 3CJ 31, 9AL 58, 3DY 24, 9BJ 16, 8GN 10,3FC 9, 3AI 9, 83DV 9, 3DC 9, 8IA 4, 8BT 4, 8AZ 4, 3EL 4, 8CB 2, 8CS 2. QUEBEC DIVISION QUEBEC—SCM, Alex Reid, 2BE—This month’s Hamfest was held at station 2AD, a very enjoyable time being had by all. The movies of last sum- mer’s picnic was a great success and had to be repeated many times, also the Girl from France drew a great deal of attention from 2HV and 2BG. We wish to thank 2AD for the wonderful evening he gave the gang, and also 2AC for his donation of smokes. 2CA, our newest station, has already been QSO-eg-6RG. 2AX has added a new transmitter to his collection and worked five foreigners in one day. 2BR has added another 210 and also uses tube rectification. 2HV is QRW installing a num- ber of emergency sets for his company. 2AD ex- Pects to be using fone on 20 meters soon. 2FO QST FOR APRIL, 1928 has sold out his entire outfit, but still insists that he is not through with the game. 2AC is changing his set from YL to OW. Congratulations. 2BJ has been QSO England. Traffic: 2BE 52, 2AL 17, 2BR 19, 2BB 13, 2BG 6. VANALTA DIVISION ALBERTA—SCM, A. H. Asmussen, 4GT—4AH after rebuilding, turned in a fine msg total due to having skeds in all directions, 4FF is second best and gets very good DX using two 201A’s. 4CU is third and has worked some nice DX. 4FB is a new ham and turns in fourth best total. He lives in the country and without assistance built an xmitter using 201As and B batts. 4CC is getting out very well. 4GL is another new ham doing nice work. 4AF gets good reports on his fone from local BCLs. 4HM has rebuilt and it is the neatest and best in this section. 4HA has a very good antenna, 4GJ another new ham that may head the list as he is an old Morse opr. 4GD is in the radio business. 4AE, the Calgary Club station, together with the rest of the local stations report good results from their code practice skeds. 4BV is the new Secy. of the AREA. Traffic: 4AH 66, 4FF 27, 4CU 22, 4FB 20, 4CC 16, iGL 11, 4AF 9, 4HM 9, 4HA 6, 4GJ 5, 4GD 5. BRITISH COLUMBIA—SCM, E. S. Brooks, 5BJ 5AL again enters the BPL with 60 deliveries. 5BL is a runner up and has skeds on 80. 5GO says 20 is FB and worked sc-2AS in daylite. 5BR’s total drop- ped this month on account of very few people on the island and it is hard to originate msgs. 5AD has a new ORS and is rebuilding for the spring rush. Hi. 9AJ tested out on the 14th and will be on regularly soon. The gang at 9AJ are going to build a new clubhouse . 5GF is all ready to bust ether again, 5CT is thinking of rebuilding again. 5CO says its hard to get skeds. 5AR contemplates going to Oregon. 5AT is still at 5AJ’s key and is QSO OZ. The radio club of Victoria will be on soon with an H tube. 5CP still knocks ’em over. 5BJ is getting the shack fixed up. Traffic: 5AL 83, 5BL 54, 5GO 45, 5BR 22, 5AD 14, 6CO 2. PRAIRIE DIVISION MANITOBA—SCM, D. B. Sinclair, 4FV—The only points made here during the Tests were 3 gained by 4FV when he clicked with oa-7CW. 4DU hooked nr-2EA but he QSSed out before messages could be exchanged. 4AW is on the road again so he is off the air indefinitely. 4DP actually handled some traffic. 4DW has been messing around with phone and reports working New York with it. 4GI has junked his low power 203A and now has 500 watts input to a 250. 4CT spends most of his time on 62.5 keeping a schedule with Red Lake, FB. 4EY has been up north installing transmitters so he has been QRT most of the month. 4FV is try- ing to keep a schedule with ne-VBY at Port Churchill on 52.5 meters but with out much suc- cess. 4GG blew about three sets of Kenotrons. 4MY now proudly signs 4GQ after his CQs. Both 4GG and 4GQ put out a nice signal on 20. Any person who cannot get traffic on the air these days is not trying, and if he is not trying, he does not de- serve an ORS. Also, if you fellows do not buck up on your reporting, there will be a lot of lost ORS certificates next month, This is just a word of warning, gang. Traffic: 4DP 20, 4CT 18, 4EY 12, 4GG 5, 4GQ 3, iFV 104, SASKATCHEWAN—SCM, W. J. Pickering, 4FC —4HS has been appointed ORS but will be off for about three weeks studying and will be on later with more power and looking for traffic. 4CK sends in a picture of his shack. 4IH says he hears lots of oz and oa stations but can’t connect. 4BM is still waiting to add the ist and 5th Can. dists to his list. 4CB reports working VCB three weeks in succession. 4EV is having lots of fun with his low-power set but is getting out well. 4AV is off the air at present and is dabbling in the BC game. 4FH is on the air and getting out very well. 4FC has not been on very much having been busy build- ing a new BC receiver. 4FK is at present operat- ing 2-210s in the 80 meter band. Traffic: 4HS 87, 4CK 28, 4IH 19, 4BM 9. 57

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5S APRIL, 1928 THE ley chemi to the tried but to be tion times AROVE 55DX LOCATED AUSTRALIA ive recently received a copy of an- gazine that is devoted in its en- amateur radio. “CQ” is issued ew South Wales Radio Transmit- rue and distributed free to its each month. No.1 of Vol. 1 isa age brochure containing much in- PHOTOGRAPH SHOWS A VIEW OF AT FORESTVILLE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, e UX-210 is used in a loosely-coupled Hart- rit 4 step-up transformer and a 24-jar rectifier supply about 18 watts of energy late Various antenna systems have been so far, a third harmonic affair has proven e best A separate aerial is used for recep- rich allows break-in operation to be had at all material. Our best wishes for a active life go to “CQ” and the Vv. R. T. L., an organization that has more emblem in the form of a to the long list already in exist- have been alternating between very ls followed by copious rainfalls all eastern Australian states for the iple of months and DX is patchy. ne these last few weeks there has 1 noticeable advent of European sta- t around midnight our time. Signal strengths have been quite good and many Australians have worked EG, EB and others. On the nights these stations have been heard well, I have noticed that low-powered outfits find it difficult to raise NU stations. I worked eilNO one night at midnight our time after vainly trying to raise some NU stations for half an hour. “Signals from Ac stations are coming in well but the AJ signals have not been heard for two months until last week. AI stations are now QSO Australians nightly and re- ceive us mostly on indoor antennas which gives them a better signal static ratio. Fo signals have been consistent for some months but are hard to raise owing to their habit of working each other after DX calls. Phone experiments have come strongly to the fore in all Australian states probably owing to the many spells of bad QRN and patchy DX. “Short-wave sets are now being observed here and there on ships trading to Australia. Broadcast programs on short- waves have been exceptionally fine these last three months. The English station, 5SW, at Chelmsford has been relayed nightly by Australian 2FC and is well worth listening to. “The matter of power as used by amateurs is an_ interesting study. Australians consider 100 watts as very big business indeed, the average man who works all continents being parked round about the 40-watt mark while the majority are using between 10 and 20 watts, It is cause for much comment when NU cards come in with descriptions of quarter-kilo- watt tubes, etc. The favorite here is the 210 although a few of the high powered chaps are using the English T250. Many orders have already been placed for the UX-852 but, so far, only a few specimens are in operation. None has, as yet, reached Queensland.” —Russell F. Roberts, oa4PN. ENGLAND “The following is some information on DX doings in England. (Continued on Page 68) 9elc nn-

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128 any ars. een red ns. our NU in ard ons re- ich FO yme eir lls. bly and ved to ort- ese ion, yed vell by dy. big who and rity t is rds ilo- the red any the ens hed on APRIL, 1928 OST 59 ef-RO9I1, C. Conte, 24, Allee Du Rocher, Clichy-sous- Bois (Seine-et-Oise) France (Heard during January, 1928) laaw laba lbd labm lads ladw laes lafl lage lahx lajx lakd lakm lame lamd lamj laqt lara larv lary lasi task lata latj lawj laxx lawy laut lbat lbeg lbcu lbdd lbdm iIbdq lbfx Iibls lbqs lbqt lbux lbv! lbw lby lbke led Icdi lcje lemx Icmz Icnz lepj 1fl lga lid lim lis 1kk lkh llp lmo Imv lom lpm liqb Irf Irp lsi lut luz lvp lvt lwl lwy lyb lyc lyd 1bx! 2abp 2adb 2adl 2afr 2afv 2afw 2ags 2agw 2aha 2ahi 2ayb 2ald 2alu 2ama 2ang 2aon 2aow 2apc 2apd 2api 2ass 2atq 2ats 2aun 2avg 2az 2azk 2azu 2bav 2baz 2bece 2bck 2bco 2bev 2bdh 2bek 2beo 2bew 2bfg 2be 2bhr 2bir 2bme 2box 2bsi 2buo 2bvh 2bxu 2egy 2cje 2emu 2erb 2crn 2cty 2ewm 2cxl 2ff 2fn 2fs 2gp 2he 2jc 2ja 2jp 2kr 2md 2ps 2pv 2qs 2rd 2sz 2tp 2um 2xo 2xw 2ws 2wz S8adp 3adz Saef 3ahl Saib 3aih 3aim 3ais 3ajd 3ajh 3akw 3alq 3anb Sann Sani Sapn 3aps 3apx S3ast Sauv 3cj 3dh Sec 3fu 38gp 3get 3bnu 3bmz 3bph Sbuv 8bwt 3cch S3cfg 8ckg Sckj 38cjn 3hf 3he 3kt 3lh 30w 3pf 3qe 3sm 3sz 3us 3wm 4aar 4act 4db 4dt 4ec 4ei 4gq 4hx 4jb 4jm 4ijr 4Ik 4nh 4nm 4ob 4on 4oc 4pd 4pi 4qy 4qz 4rr 4si 4sv 4tk 4to 4ty 4we 4vk 5acl Sado Saga bain bamk bay 5fq 5jid 5jw 5bke 5ql 5sq Sta Swe Syb bzav Gahp 6am 6bgh 6ccl 7df 7d] 7ej Sadg Saig Sair Sajt Salu Sapd Sarc 8asm S8ath Saxx Sayu S$bau S8baz S8bjb &bjq Sbni Sbox 8bre 8brh Sbaqr 8bto Scau 8edb 8cbf See Seep 8ced Scfl 8cjw 8cke 8cla 8cnh 8cno 8cns Scent Senu 8epk Scrr Sct] Sexd Scug S8dbe S8ded Sdfw S8deg 8dkl 8dne 8doa 8dod Sdqb 8drj S8dsa 8dsi 8dud 8eq &fzx Sal Ske Sin Sit Snt Sqv Spi Stn Svd Swo Sxe Yaao Sabb Qack Q9adg QYaeg Yaek QYaok Yaqt Y9%arm Sayx 9mm Qaid 9bsh 9cet 9ck Yerd Yerj Ycph Ycpr Ydbi Sdeb 9dck 9dke 9drd Yeag Yecx Yeef Yeet Yefo Yefz Geld 9ell 9ekq 9jic 9ra Orf 9za Ycvy ne-Sae np-4aan nn-lnic ne-lar ne-lbr ne-2am ne-2be nc-2bg ne-2ca. eg-2BQH, G. G. E. Bennett, 26 Blenheim Park Road, Croydon, Surrey, England. (Heard during December, 1927) laff lafl lakz lanm laop laqt lasf lawe laxa lbat lbfw lbjce lbke lcax Icd Icje Ickp lei ley lga lho lie Imo Ing Ino Iqb Irn 1sz lwv 1xi 1zs 2abe 2adb 2ald 2alu 2ang 2anp 2aon 2are 2atq 2avq 2awq 2axt 2ay 2bav 2baz 2bbi 2bdh 2bfq 2bge 2bee 2bgo 2bir 2bp 2bum 2bvh 2bxu 2cjx 2cuf 2cuq 2evj 2fs 2gp 2md 2mk Zor 2qu 2rs 2sm 2tp 2tt 2ve 2xad 2xs 3acm S8aed 3ag Sais 3ajh 3amb 3apx 3aso 3auv 3bed 3bjy 3bip 3bnu 8cel 8ckj 3di 3dz Sec Shg Sht Siv 3jn 3kt 3no 3pf 3pr 8qe 3rb Ssf 4abb 4daby 4act 4be 4b] 4bn 4ch 4on 400 4rn 4tk 5afx B5ayl 5ke 50c Swe 6Gaak 6am 6xi Tbb Sacy Salo 8atv Saul 8auq Savp Sbev 8bnh 8bzce 8ccm 8ccq 8eeh Scjp Scenr 80q Spl 8xe 9axd 9bea 9bgs 9bhi 9bpd Sbxk 9cjb 9emq Ycos Ycpr Ycrd Ydav Ydbx Ydpv Yefe Seve 9fg 9mp Yrp Yrv 9xi kzet ac-8na ac-xom af-hzai ai-2kt aj-jaa fm-Say fm-8mb fm-8psrv fm-8ssr fm-8st fo-a3z ne-lac ne-lak ne-2be ne-8ae nx-1xl oa-2ms oa2rb oa-4pn oa-7]lj od-and op-lew op-lhr op-lmr op-4aa oz-2bf oz-2bp oz-3af oz-3ai sb-sqbv sb-lal sb-lao sb-lbg 8V-vqg. eg-2HJ, K. E. Brian Jay, 19 Elm Close, Amersham, Bucks, England. (20-Meters) laba labx lajm lajz lakd laqt lask lasr labu laum lavl lawe laxal bat lbeb lbhm Ilbsu Ibtq lbux ibvl Ibvw lbwm Ibyv lied Icke lemf Iemx If| lho 1lij lio 1kl Imf inf lqb lqp Iisw l1sz lvw lxam iz] Izz 2aer 2afx 2agn 2aol 2avb 2baz 2bbe 2bev 2bee 2bet 2bir 2bum 2cdr 2cvj 2dp 2jn 2qu 2tp 2xad Saib 3bms Scec Shf 3uz 4ac 4dact 6am S8adg 8adm Sahe Sakn S8aly Sane Sarg Sazr Sbde 8ben 8bnf 8bni Sbox 8bpq S8cft Sche 8cjm Scwx S8czr 8dhr 8dhx 8djv 8dld 8dod 8don 8dot 8dsi 8dsx 8hx 8mq 8nt 80q 8rd 9auu 9cvh 9dbj Yekw nc-2be ne-S8ae np- 4xk fo-a3z fo-a4f fo-a7n fo-a9a wnp. (40-meters) laaw lacd ladw lahx lalb lanx laco lary lask lavj lazw lbae lbca lbje lbls lbob lbat lbva lbwf Ick leom lIcrx lictp lfm lod liqb Irp lsw luo lxw lye 2acc 2acd 2ad 2afv 2ais 2ald 2am 2ama 2aon 2avq 2az 2baz 2bck 2bdh 2bew 2bgo 2bme 2bse 2cgj 2caqt 2cxl 2dh 2fn 2kl 2md 2ov 2ow 2py 2um Sadp 3aef 3aib 3ais 3anh 3apf 3apn 3awf 3bce 3bph 3bsd 3cfg 3che 3ejn 3ckj 3dg 3dh 3ec 3kt 3pb 3pg 3qe 3rb 3sg 3sr 3tm 4bl 4bu 4cq 4db 4ei 4hx 4ob 4qb 4qy 4rq 4sw 4to fud 5ain 5aky 5ke 5rd 5ql 6am 6bzn 7bb Sagq Sahu Sajt Sakz Sasp 8axn 8axz Sayu Sbee S8bff 8bpq 8bqm Scbd Scft Scjw Scmz S8cnr S8coa S8csw S8cxd S8dkt 8lt 8wb 8zg 9Yaec Yagd Yavy 9bjl 9bmm Ycjw Yemv Yecrj 9dee 9drd 9dgr 9dxp 9Yebm Yecz Yell Sepp Yewq Yez 9rp Sux 9xi ne-lad ne-lbr ne-lda ne-2bj ne-2ca nce-3bm ne-Sae oa-2re oa-3ls oa-7cw oz-3au sb-law sb-2ah sb- 2ar fo-a4] nu-abl ndh wnbd, BRS-26, A. S. Williamson, 106 Rushdale Road, Meersbrook, Sheffield, Eng. (80-meters) lbi lab lwq I1fl lyb lpe lku 1s! lawk laaw Icat lera lemd Iibfz licbt lavk lait lbep lbjp lafb 2cp 2ew 2aid 2aiz 2aig 2kwd 2ayge 2czr 2afj 8akp 3bwt 3bmh 3cfg 3aqh S3adm 3ac 3bst 3blp 4g] 4af S8dok 8bem 8bja Sako S8che 8cjb 8acq Scmw 8dbm 8ais Scye 8deq Sayu S8bbr S8ysu S8ikm 9des 9bwn Qeqi 9baw Yejt 9bhs. (40-meters) lii 1zd 1lby 1zs lid lhk Isi lro led 1wl lve lom 1di lgs lzt lie Imv lga lja lemf lajx lIcjc laxx lads lemx libqs lamd Icnz Iblf lauw lang lbqt lawn laba ictp lapr lanm lagw lavj lakm labd laao lamu lbqd lenp lbeb lbed laug 2be 2tp 2uo 2ov 2rs 2mk 2hge 2xce 2wi 2kw 2b] 2fs 2dz 2ws 2dh 2kx 2awu 2bdv 2bav 2agw 2bet 2cvj 2atq 2xaf 2bha 2bew 2cuq 2cx] 2ahe 2ats 2ctf 2avb 2avg 2ang 2bbe 2agp 2egj 2bme 2um 2bfq 2azk 2aqk 2czw 2bck 2bee 2bco 2auv 2ags 2ctn 2bsa 2bad 3cf 3sz 3buv 3qp 3ajd 8az Sshk 3bw 3dh 3bwt S3aib 3cfg 3aed S8ajd 3ld Sani 3cfj S8cc Spf B3ec 3qe Sap 3et S3ceb S3bei Safx 4tk 4we 4nh 4dj 4ob 4bl 4ux 4tw 4ld 4rr 4ei 4hx 4rq 4qy 4lk 4hb 4acv 4ack 4daef Sdme S8dod &cvs &ces Shx 8z¢ Swo 8li Seq Saze Sabz Saxx Saxr S8lem Scke Sdrj Schz S8don 8dmm Sadg 8S&box S8dne 8cmz &baz S9cjw 9gy Yefz Ycrd Yhi ne-lar ne-lad sb-lak sb-lah sb-2ag sv-lxc ag-rann an-lab wnbd. (20-meters) lemf lasu lasf lbyu led lapp Icmf 2jn 2tp 2x¢ 2baz Shx wnp. BRS-89, W. F. B. Shaw, 198 Abington Ave., Northampton, England (20-meters) llaba laep laff lasf Iced Iiry 1xp ixv izb labe 2afx 2baz 2bev 2tp 2vi 3adm Sank Sagy Sahc Saly Savb Sedb Scjm Scjt Sclp Sezt Sddn S8dld Shx &nt 9auu 9cst Sdbj S9dpw S9dwe. (40-meters) lawm lbgs Ibns lbqt lby lIcep Icje lemf lepe lid lka lle inl Irf 2aad 2agn 2ahi 2ahs 2anm 2ass 2avb 2ayb 2azk 2bdn 2bek 2bfq 2bo 2bvh 2cuq 2evj 2cx!l 2gp 2kx 2th 2ov 2ts 2tp 2tt 2vd 2ws 2afx 2ag 2aib 3amx Sanh Sani 3fv 8gp 3kn 2vx 3wm dacv 4adb 4ej 4gq 4mq 4ob 4oh 4aqy bBayl Sre Syb Sank Saxx Sbfa Sbje Sbnu Sbwr S8cae S8cbf Sccw S8cxd Scxi Sdbe Sdne S8vb 8wo 9bul 9byb 9cgt YIcrj Yell hi. (Continued on Page 78)

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Ost Correspondence APRIL, 1928 The Publishers of for statements ma no r “Calls Heard” 2940 Winchester Ave. Ashland, Ky. need is a new “Calls Heard” these birds who work in land” a chance to see their call print. Once should be enough to he kick out of sneaking a call out- the band or doing without a wave- m some sort. I the last several years, I have not that there are quite a few hams th nk that if their signals are not at ry bottom of the band that DX nil. Most of our wavemeters are accurate at the best so why take ar neces on getting down to the exact vhen a half a meter above it will good and maybe a lot better for St Give ryone take it upon himself to be ac he air and make a list of all calls h heard either below or above the bar nd save them for the infamous at Heard” section. If you find y ll listed in this section, don’t be a S01 but rather consider that someone ha you a favor (which it really is). R r the Amateur Spirit! —H. R. Lickens, 9ACS. ed to this letter was a list of fift ills of stations operating off wave. All heard more than once during one afternoon ar nd evening, Would you like to ser h ] —Assist. Tech. Ed.) resting and Off Wave 40 Norfolk Road Chestnut Hill Brookline, Mass. Rd oT: I tion with station operation there are , things in particular that we an should concern ourselves with mor n we seem to at present; namely, tine and off-band operation. Listen in any rht around six o’clock and count the number of stations on the 40-meter band wh not working or calling, but just testing, making series of long dashes while, Is they see just how many tenths and action thereof, register on their ant ammeters or whether their “erowler” gives them a steady note. Neces- sary? Possibly, but think of the suffering and at least do that kind of test- - busy hours. There are-too many yt by correspondents. P ibility times now when we hear that familiar re- mark, “sorry OM nd QRM” without adding unnecessary QRM. I shudder to think what the reduced 40-meter band will sound like if this keeps on. Off-band operation should be inexcusable. If a wavemeter cannot be bought for lack of funds, it costs little to make one accurate enough to assure operation within the al- lotted limits. The unfortunate part of it is that in most cases it is the newcomer who violates this regulation and does not realize how he may be spoiling foreign DX for someone else. Undoubtedly, he is blissfully unconscious of the fact that he is right on top of the foreigners who come in now just above and below our 40-meter band. The great majority of us are pretty careful about this but remember that the off-band station sticks out like a sore thumb and is a sure mark for criticism and worse. Whenever I hear a station CQing above the 40-meter band where I listen frequently, I very often call him and tell him he’s over the top and this is usually a sufficient hint for a rapid QSY. He gets no QSL card out of me, though, for that QSO although I do QSL all others 100%. Recently I did this to a “lid” station evidently with no result. I doubt if he could copy five per and for all I know may still be pounding away there on 45 meters blissfully unconscious of his error, For these kind we shed a bitter tear. —Miles W. Weeks, nulWV. For 1929 105 South Marquette Street Ironwood, Mich. Editor, QST: After reading the ins and outs of the Washington Radiotelegraphic Conference, especially with reference to the amateur and then reading comments on same in the succeeding issue of QST, I am prompted to express an opinion. There is no doubt that we fared badly from the standpoint usually taken by the amateur but on the other hand, I hope that one distinct advantage will be made clear by the rules as laid down by the powers that be, and that will be that we will, in the future, have to have high efficiency transmitters operated with just as high a degree of intelligence if we expect to get results. It means that the day of the broad tuning, poorly adjusted transmitter with the sloppy wave is over. I further Gos tt On | Ss —w Ss. we 7 =

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illy ful | is ove tly, ver ‘int out his ult. for yay ous la ‘eet ich. the ice, eur the | to dly the hat par ers in ney 1a get the ter her AT LAST! A Real Radiophone Transmitter —at a reasonable price! Employs Easy to Build Low Power Easy to Operate Surprisingly Long Range For All Low Wave Work The Aero Radiophone Transmitter —Ready to Plug Into Electric Light Socket {ere is a low power radiophone transmitter that every true radio fan will want to own. An extremely efficient circuit, designed by some of the best known parts manufacturers, that is producing wonderful records on the government licensed low wave bands. Simple tv operate, easy to build, its cost is no more than that of a good broadcast receiver! 500 to 1000 Miles on Phone—Several Thousand Miles on Code The New Aero Radiophone is a thoroughly tried and proved transmitter. As installed at station 9DBM, Chicago, the results on 20 meters have been remarkably good. Reports varying from R-5 to R-7 have been regularly received from these typical stations: 1BBM, North Harwich, Mass.; 1ASF, Medford, Mass.; 1SW, Andover, Mass.; 2BSC, Glen Head, N. Y.; 3AKS, Philadelphia; 3CE, Baltimore; 4MI, Asheville, N. C.; and 8CVJ, Auburn, N. Y._ In every instance the quality of speech has been reported to be very fine. Adapted to code work, the Aero Radiophone Transmitter has produced outstanding re- cults. From a location not of the best, all U. S. districts have been worked with CW on the 40-meter band, as well as NC5ZZ, Vancouver, B. C. Outstanding Performance Assured by Carefully Selected Parts Only the best quality parts have been following manufacturers—all with a incorporated into the Aero Radio- national reputation—are specified ex- phone Transmitter. Products of the clusively: Aero Products, Inc., Tobe Deutschmann Co., Chicago, Il. Polymet Mfg. Co., Cambridge, Mass. Allen D. Cardwell Co., New York, N. Y. Yaxley Mfg. Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Silver-Marshall, Inc., Chicago, Iil. Herbert H. Frost, Inc., Chicago, Il. Westinghouse-Micarta, Elkhart, Ind. Chicago, Ill. Investigate NOW—Write for FREE BOOKLET The Aero Radiophone Transmitter is worthy of your careful investigation. Send your name and address at once for complete illustrated, descriptive literature showing schematics, and listing parts, prices, etc. Simply ask for Supplement A. Do it today, and learn how easily you can get into the fascinating field of radiophone transmission. Address Aero Products Inc., Dept. 16R, 1772 Wilson Ave., Chicago, Ill. NOT The parts for the Aero Radiophone Transmitter are standard parts and are available at all dealers—when completed is ready to plug into your electric light socket. All have been carefully chosen to give the maximum in trans- mitter performance. Complete drilled and engraved foundation units are also available. Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST 61

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y ny byl toy by pny by vy ty ors and Batteries. cent plus or minus. R. R. PANEL Radio Meters R. R. Meters No. 346 with resistance of 1000 ohms er volt to measure “B” liminators, Bias Resist- They are accurate to 24% per No. 346 Type Price Panel Voltmeters reading DC voltages, 0-6 volts $1.65 reading DC voltages, 0-8 volts 1.65 reading DC voltages, 0-10 volts 1.65 reading DC voltages, 0-16 volts 1.65 reading DC voltages, 0-50 volts 1.65 eading DC voltages, 0-100 volts 1.75 eading DC voltages, 0-150 volts 1.75 ading DC voltages, double g, 0-8 volts, 0-100 volts . 2.25 Panel AC Voltmeters reading 0-15 volts AC ........ $2.25 reading 0-10 volts AC . 2.25 eading 0-6 volts AC 2.25 ) ene Panel Milliammeters reading 0-10 milliamperes DC $1.95 reading 0-25 milliamperes DC 1.85 reading 0-50 milliamperes DC 1.65 eading 0-100 milliamperes DC 1.65 reading 0-300 milliamperes D¢ 1.65 eading 0-400 milliamperes DC 1.65 ne . DC Pin Jack Voltmeters No. 25 and No. 28 Radiolas, 0-6 DC TTTTeT TT Te $2.50 No. 20 Radiola, 0-6 volts DC 2.50 type voltmeter with cord, 0-6 DC oe66000se6860860 2.50 Tube Checker experimenter, professional set Ider, dealer and service man. Consists of 0-6 DC voltmeter, 0-10 DC milliammeter, grid bias switch, tat, socket and binding post, SPUStIOM GROSE ceccoccenecces $6.50 Cord and Plug connecting meters in A and B of a receiver without any “onnections, Terminals cor- espond with posts on No. 210 » checker ceoseseeeesesessese $1 85 ‘6 99 4 ° B”’ Eliminator Meters For testing B battery eliminators, rid bias voltage across resistors, batteries, etc.; 0-800 DC scale .. $4.50 r same as No, 346, except scale MD etrsddddtannneenaedaen< 5.50 esting AC current supply line, rtable, 0-150 volts ........... 50 Write for Free Catalog B RADIO SERVICE CO., INC. LTON STREET, N. Y. C. nd at once your meters, catalogue for which I will pay the he price as advertised in QST, plus a tra for postage, RUNO ‘Book of Hook-Ups,’ 25 cents

Say You Saw It In QST believe that if every amateur should hence- forth so adjust his transmitter that it send out a good, very sharp, clean cut wave, and of a good tone, we would find that we were not much more crowded in the forty- meter band than before. I certainly believe it is possible to find plenty of room for all in the wave bands given us under the new regulations if we go about it correctly. Proceeding along this line, I am telling every operator with whom I communicate if his wave is broad and also anything else which happens to be the matter with his signals. In practically all cases so far where frank comment was given, it was taken in the constructive spirit in which it was given. Why can’t all amateurs give a frank, yes, even hard-boiled criticism of the other fellow’s signal? We all need it. L. W. Van Slyck, 9EMB. Ten Per Duncan, B. C. Canada. Editor, QST: I would like to add a few words to this “Beginner vs. Old-timer” controversy. It’s all very well to say that we should help the beginners but when one has traffic to move or only a short time available to operate, “pse QRS” doesn’t sound very en- couraging. Why don’t those chaps Mr. Robbins men- tions as being “barely able to get their ten per” stay off the air another month or so until they have had a little more code prac- tice instead of cluttering up the air to no purpose and then kicking about the “speed demons.” Where are these latter anyway? As far as I can see, the 25 to 30 word man is a searce article in the amateur bands these days. I am afraid that conditions have changed in the other direction and the average amateur speed has deteriorated. That is why I disagree with Mr. Hanson as to the best way to treat the BCL who wants to “graduate.” It is far better to help him a little in learning the code prop- erly than to wait until he gets on the air and have to put up with his QRM and QRS. Most of us have had experience with the two-faced type of BCL Mr. Hanson refers to. Surely, however, they are in the minority and we dodge more trouble by friendship in the BCL ranks than we incur in spite of such friendship. W. F. Reeves, nce5CT. Tangible Sympathy P. O. Box 211 Boissevain Manitoba, Canada Editor, QST: About ten months ago I became in- terested in amateur radio and since then have read each issue of QST from cover to cover. I note that there are some who fee! that they have not been getting a square deal. Perhaps a few words concerning my own experience will help to give them 4 It Identifies You and Helps QST

In th trans: receiv conde Twen

highe stand: Farado: not

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1ce- end ave, we rty- ieve for the tly. ling sate else his far was h it rea 1 of 1 it. De B. C. ada. this It’s help c to » to Y en- nen- * ten r so yrac- o no peed vay? man ands tions 1 the ated. nson who or to yrop- > air and x 211 evain nada then rer to » feel quare g my em 3 On the transmitting end—too In the largest broadcasting stations of the country, in amateur transmitting and receiving sets as well as in high grade radio receivers for home use—you will find Faradon Capacitors the condensers of proven durability. . . . . . . hd Twenty years of electrical engineering skill combined with Electrostic highest quality materials have made Faradon Capacitors the standard of electrostatic condenser long life and reliability. Condensers Faradon engineers stand ready to cooperate on special equipment which nmnot be taken care of by the more than 200 types of Faradon Capacitors ll ly for prompt delivery. or a WIRELESS SPECIALTY APPARATUS COMPANY Jamaica Plain : Boston, Mass., U.S. A. Established 1907 purposes Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST

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Improved Reception There is marked improve- ment in your radio recep- tion when new Cunning- ham Radio Tubes are performing their special tasks in the various sock- ets of your radio. of” Don’t use old tubes with new ones—use new Cunningham Tubes throughout. E. T. Cunningham, Inc. New York Chicago San Francisco RADIO J TUBES

better and brighter outlook on the matter. While I cannot handle much more than ten per as yet, I find that all the amateurs with whom I have clicked so far have been very patient. To my “QSC?” they would reply, “Keep at it OM, we all had to learn. Glad to click with you any time and glad to QSR.” Do you blame me for feeling that they are all regulars fellows? Just a couple of days before Christmas, our home was gutted by fire and we lost everything even to our clothing which was rather hard on us because of the cold weather. Shortly afterwards we received a check from the Winnipeg Radio Traffic Association as a tangible expression of their sympathy. Is this not a combination of kindness and regular fellowship in the amateur world? —Stuart R. Talbot, nc4AR.

Attention! Ocean-Hoppers U. S. Military Academy West Point, N. Y. Editor, QST: During 1928 there will undoubtedly be more trans-oceanic flights and the fliers will be torn between their need for radio and their desire to save weight. If they decide to take radio, and for their own safety they should, there will be further quandary: whether to use short waves or long. Because the long waves around 600 meters are immediately picked up by sur- face ships, they are the most useful. That is, provided any ships are nearby. The 30 meter set —— F 4 ly an 600 Meter set Hertz Ant ) Ld

600 meter antenna

600 oatel 30 me 7 1oV set | set Generator [ < 7 Swatts 7 we outpu c Sowalls output C85

ocean is quite a large place and, off the main steamer tracks, surprisingly lonely. If the airplane gets into one of these blank spots, long-waves are of no avail. For short-waves, on the other hand, the limits are much wider. Even a low-power 64 Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST \} El ad Fc

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ne ik he er - MORE SPECIAL OFFERS | UNI-RECTRON POWER AMPLIFIERS MODEL AP-935 As the Uni-Rectron stands it is a super power amplifier, which can be used in connec- tion with any radio set and loud speaker. Binding posts are provided for input to the Uni-Rectron and output to the speaker. Requires no batteries for its operation. It obtains its power from the 110 Volt, 60 Cycle alter- nating current lighting circuit of your house. The UX-210 super power amplifying tube and the UX-216B or 281 rectifying tube are used with this am- plifier, which cannot overload. From the faintest whisper to the loudest crash of sound—R.C.A. Uni- Rectron amplifies each note at its true value. High and low notes are all treated alike. The volume and quality delivered will be a revelation. Also by removing the input and output transformers it can be used as a source of power for an oscillating or transmitting tube, furnishing power for all circuits, grid, plate and filament and is the cheapest form of Power Supply for Amateur Transmitting purposes ever offered. NS(Without Tubes) SPECIAL at *192: JEWELL HIGH RESISTANCE VOLTMETER 0-250 VOLTS D.C. (3 Readings) A high grade, accurate, reliable instrument. Just what you want for checking the true operation of your “B” Eliminator or any source of plate voltage which cannot be obtained from ordinary low resistance type meters. Can be permanently placed in the set which will enable the user to apply desired plate voltage accurately to each circuit of his receiver. By means of the front switch three readings can be obtained without disconnecting any wires, namely; the detector circuit, the radio frequency or intermediate circuit, and the maximum or output circuit including last audio tube. Requires little current to operate due to its high internal resistance. Flush Panel Mounting. Zero Adjuster. New and packed in original cartons. List $22.00 Ea. SPECIAL at $4.75 TIMMONS Combination Power Amplifier and “B” Supply This high quality compact unit used a U. X. 216B or 281 tube for rectifying anda U. X. 210 super power audio tube as an amplifier which gives distortionless and true natural reception with wonderful tone quality and volume. Besides being a super power amplifier this Combination also isa complete “B’ Battery Eliminator furnishing all the “B" current required by the regular tubes of the set. No adjustments required and no output transformer or similar auxiliary equipments needed. For use with A. C. current 110 volt, 60 cycles. They have been approved by Popular Radio and Popular Science Laboratories. Every unit is new, packed in original factory sealed carton. LIST $70.00 EA. PRICE ONLY $23°5° KENOTRON RECTIFYING TUBES (TYPE T. B. 1) MFD. BY GENERAL ELEC. CO. These rectifying tubes operate on a filament voltage from 8 to 10 Volts and draw 1% amps. They will safely stand an A.C. input voltage up to 750 Volts and pass plenty of current and voltage for the plate of the Transmitting Tubes. They are also very efficient rectifiers for use in “B” Battery Eliminators. NEW IN ORIGINAL CARTONS PRICE ONLY *1:25 AMERICAN SALES CO., 21 Warren St., New York City Say You Saw It In QST It Identifies You and Helps QST

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N (61 ; TRANSMITTING TUBES | them and guarantee them. mtee that they will arrive ur Factory without dam- yar al es are the solution We Build a 50-Watt Tube using a Tungsten filament nd normal plate current 1500 Volts on the plate. iced at $20.00. We Make Rectobulbs Rectifier Tube—handles 250-watt tubes—a small ives you a carefree plate te from the Rectobulb listinctive and pleasing and they handle 250 Mils at have a UX base with | on top end. riced at $15.00 each (in- We Produce Inductrons coil—sealed in a Vacuum UX base for plug in— | le and efficient for your for each band at $2.50 ATR UV-203 at $15 UV-204 at $50 203A (Tungsten Fil) $19 204A (Tungsten Fil) $50 and Rectifiers: ask for prices. ed against defects. Crates when cash accompanies \TIONAL RADIO TUBE CO. 420 18th St. San Francisco, Cal. (A ham institution) Say You Saw It In QST It Identifies You and Helps QST transmitter will carry across the Atlantic with R3 when a high-power outfit can only duplicate the performance with R6. And R3 is loud enough, if many people want to listen to it. A low-power short-wave trans- mitter aboard a trans-ocean plane will al- most certainly be picked up by stations on both shores. But it will miss the nearby ships, if any, and landlubbers a thousand miles distant cannot do much about a plane down on the water, The ideal system would be a combination of both long and short waves. Immediately the air-going brethern raise their eyebrows and say, “more weight.” But very little more weight. Say that a fifty-watt set is going to be used on long waves. The generator must supply 150 to 200 watts of filament and plate power anyway. An extra 30 watts will not overload it. A simple but stable (large capacity across tube elements) 7.5-watt oscillator will weigh something like a gallon or two of gasoline, including its single wire Hertz antenna in the wings. As both transmit- ters run together and use the same key, there is no extra trouble in their operation. The diagram illustrates the essentials of the idea. I think it worth the serious con- sideration of anyone who contemplates fly- ing an ocean this summer. —William H. Wenstrom, 1st Lieut., Signal Corps. U.S. A, Short Circuits 1001 East Main Street Madison, Wisc. Editor, QST: I have recently made a discovery which I think should be passed along for the benefit of those who, like myself, wear metal-rimmed _ spectacles. Since _ being forced to wear them, I have had trouble in hearing DX signals. I now have dis- covered that my ears have been shorted out by the metal frames and that a piece of spaghetti over each of the ear hooks removes this difficulty and makes an ef- ficient and low-loss pair of eye pieces. Of course, in some cases there is a high re- sistance short through the skull, but in- stitutions are provided for such extreme cases. —Don Miz. Appreciative Box 5 Niagara-on-the-Lake Ontario, Canada Editor, QST: I am a beginner and wish to use this medium for expressing my thanks to all those who have been QSO nc3AY. With- out an exception, these operators have been both courteous and willing to lend a help- ing hand. Whether it is that the letters appearing in the “Correspondence” section of QST are having their effect or not we will prob- ably never know but I must say right now that I have yet to meet a snobby operator. —Albert Davey, ne3AY.

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o . A World-Wide Service ‘ich the Every civilized nation in the world uses products from ear ° ing the Dudlo factories ible lis- ted MAGNET WIRE and COILS = made in this plant at Fort Wayne, Indiana, are built into electrical units employed ef- in all forms of communication and transportation as well as in the thousands of Of electrical conveniences in modern homes and commercial buildings everywhere. re- The Dudlo insulated magnet wire produced in a single month would encircle the bet globe a hundred times. Electrical and Radio Manufacturers may draw upoa the broad experience gained from this international service by coming to Dudlo engineers for assistance on their wire and coil problems. aki ada his all ith- een Ip- DUDLO MANUFACTURING COMPANY ng FORT WAYNE, INDIANA = Division of the General Cable Corporation — % EARL STREET 160 NORTH LA SALLE STREET 4153 BINGHAM AVE, 274 BRANNAN ST. or. NEWARK, N. J. CHICAGO, ILL. ST. LOUIS, MO. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST 67

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Say You Saw It In QST

It Identifies You and Helps QST WNP The Hotchkiss School Lakeville, Conn, Editor, QST: I had the privilege of being a member of the Rawson-MacMillan-Field Museum Ex- pedition in 1926 and again during the sum- mer of 1927. As you probably know, Com- mander MacMillan and his men are now in Labrador for the winter. During both summers that I was in the North your men did us all a very great service in making it possible for us to com- municate almost regularly with our friends at home. Since my return I have received numerous messages from my _ shipmates who are now in the North through mem- bers of the American Radio Relay League. I am writing to ask you to extend to those members of the League who have been so helpful to us my hearty thanks and appreciation of their kind and help- ful service to us. I am sure that all the members of Captain MacMillan’s crew feel the same appreciation. With hearty good wishes to all the mem- bers of the American Radio Relay League. —Joseph N. Field. I. A. R. U. News (Continued from Page 58) “5BHS has hooked up with foA3Z on 23 meters after trying for months. He is still working the fifth and sixth districts regu- larly. 2HK has now got a crystal set go- ing and finds it FB. He has not much time to operate it, though. 5YK says he is working general tests with NU but cannot find any real DX on 23 nowaday. 5YX has been QSO foA3Z on 23 meters with ten watts input. He has now got a 32-meter permit and says NU is local. Other 23- meter stations who always seem to be QSO NU are 2BM, 2NH, 5BY, 6IA and 6VP. 2NH and 5BY also work on 45 meters a great deal as does 6RB who is working quite a few skeds with the U. S. A. 6QB- 6LT has been raising ’em on both 23 and 45, his best DX being ne8WG in Hudson Bay while using only nine watts. FB! 2HJ managed to hook nulAQT on 23 meters —his first and, so far, only Nu. He has not yet gotten over the shock. The U.S. A. gang has been coming over on 40 very con- sistently but the 20-meter band seems dead all week although there are a good many on Sundays. There seems to have been a burst of activity among the Fos on 20 lately and A3Z is no longer the only one heard. However, there are very few stations in other DX countries that are audible. Ata recent meeting of the R. S. G. B. we had the pleasure of a talk from xoa5MA who told of his adventurous trip on the E£. R. Sterling. “Just one other thing. I understand that there was a bunch of U. S. hams among

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T-21) city: Weig T-22. Capa high. T-23: city: Weig T-238 city: Weig T-237 Capa high. T-25¢ city: Weig T-244 12 V tappe tappe high, R-196- tion, 5 high. T-2353. sulatio 3\"x3 T-2071. sulatio 314"x6'

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SS wena beet eS __— es Ses & OEE Se ——(‘ we -— wo Your Sigs QSA with HORDARS ON TRANSMITTING FILAMENT SUPPLY TRANSFORMERS Completely Shielded T-2180—Secondary: 5 volts, center-tapped. Capa- city: 15 V.A. Dimensions: 334”x24"x3%4” high. Weight, 2% Ibs. Price $5.00 T-2230—Secondary: 7.5 volts, center-tapped. Capacity: 35 V.A. Dimensions: 3%”"x3"x3%” high. Weight, 3% Ibs. Price $7.50 T-2382—-Secondary: 12 volts, center-tapped. Capa- city: 80 V.A. Dimensions: 344”"x4%”x4” high. Weight, 5 lbs. Price $10.00 T-2383—-Secondary: 12 volts, center-tapped. Capa- city: 175 V.A. Dimensions: 442”x5”x6” high. Weight, 12 lbs. Price $15.00 T-2370—Secondary: 1.25 volts, no center tap. Capacity: 20 V.A. Dimensions: 35%4”x2%2"x3%4” high. Weight, 2% lbs. Price $5.00 T-2504—-Secondary: 3 volts, center-tapped. Capa- city: 35 V.A. Dimensions: 314”"x3"x3%” high. Weight, 3% lbs. Price $7.50 T-2445—Secondary No. 1: 1.5 volts, no center tap, 12 V.A. Secondary No. 2: 2.65 volts, center- tapped, 10 V.A. Secondary No. 3: 5 volts, center- tapped, 5 V.A. Dimensions: 2%”"x5%"x4%” high, Weight, 5% lbs. Price $10.00 EQUIPMENT PLATE SUPPLY TRANSFORMERS Finished, Compound Filled [Finis Case, mpound| T-2385—Secondary: 550 V. and 750 V. each side of center tap. Capacity: 100 V.A. Dimensions: 5”x5%4”x6” high. Weight, 8% lbs. Price $16.00 T-2387—-Secondary: 1000 V. and 1500 V. each side of center tap. Capacity: 300 V.A. Dimensions: 742”x5%"x7%” high. Weight, 20 lbs. Price $22.00 T-2388—Secondary: 1500 V. and 2000 V. each side of center tap. Capacity: 500 V.A. Dimensions: 74%2”x6%”"x8%” high. Weight, 27 lbs. Price $30.00 T-2389—Secondary: 1500 V. and 2000 V. each side of center tap. Capacity: 1000 V.A. Dimensions: 7144”x7"x9%” high. Weight, 40 lbs. Price $40.00 FILTER AND PLATE REACTORS R-196—30 Henry, 80 M. A. 1000 V. insula- tion, shielded. Dimensions: 214"x214"x3” high. Weight, 2 Ibs, Price $5.00 T-2353—6 Henry, 150 M.A. 3000 V. in- sulation, open frame. Dimensions: 3”x 34”"x3%” high. Weight, 3 Ibs. Price $7.50 T-2071—30 Henry, 150 M.A. 3000 V. in- sulation, open frame. Dimensions: 2%4”x 344"x6” high. Weight, 5 Ibs. Price $16.00 THORDARSON ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING CO. a, es rmer specialists since 1895 WORLDS OLDEST AND LARGEST EXCLUSIVE TRANSFORMER MAKERS Chicago, U'S.A. Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST T-2027—30 Henry, 300 M.A. 3000 V. in- sulation, open frame. Dimensions: 5”x 3%”"x8”" high, Weight, 14 lbs. Price $22.00 T-2073—30 Henry, 500 M.A. 3000 V. in- sulation, open frame. Dimensions: 414”x 51%"x914” high. Weight, 24 lbs. Price $30.00 T-2099—Double Filter Reactor, each re- actor 30 Henry, 120 M. A. 1000 V. insula- tion, compound filled steel case. Dimen- sions: 3144”x474"x5%4" high. Weight, 8 Ibs. Price $14.00 ~~

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Achieve SUCCESS in Radios Not by half-knowledge —but by complete thorough training New course gives finest instruction obtainable You Can Learn at Home! Good pay from the start, rapid ad- 1cement, and phenomenal suc- s—a life profession of fascinatin rainwork—thatis what Radio holds r the man who knows his subject roughly. Since 1909 Radio Insti- of America has trained thou- ls to become successful in the y branches of Radio. Why don’t R, L. DUN Radio Ine seize this opportunity to get into of America commercial radio field where volumé EAL MONEY is waiting for you? New Course Finest Ever Prominen have enthusiastically greeted RIA’s mew cour t complete and up-to-date offered today. A of first quality equipment is furnished FREE WTI COURSE—parts for making many prac- tical radi the Peerless Signagraph and key and buzzer for ruction. R ] I hacked by RCA, G-E and Westinghouse You get s of instruction conducted by RCA and spon CA's associates, G-Eand Westinghouse. Our emp! partment is at the service of graduates. Study at Home! Moreovs r STt DY AT HOME— when you f s long as you please. This new | cribing the course is just off ¢ If you want to learn more ab | paying positions in this fascinat ion send the coupon now for y . “ RADIO INSTITUTE OF AMERICA Dept. D- 4 326 Broadway, New York City _— — —— ase cee ee eee ee oe —_—— — sneer ew — — RADIO ID rE OF AMERICA Dept. D-4 326 Br New York City Dear Mr. I PI e your new catalog. I want to know more abo radio course. Name seeee OPP PPPS TEP E TET TTT) Addre CORR e ee eee ee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST the American Legion crowd that was in London last September. How is it that none of these fellows turned up at the Second Annual Convention of the R. S. G. B. which took place on September 31st and October 1st? It really was very remiss of them not to come along, they would surely have been very welcome. “Very kindest regards.” —K. E. Brian Jay, eg2HJ. FRANCE Mr. C. Conte whose regular list of “Calls Heard” appears elsewhere in this issue tells us that conditions during the month of January were favorable, Reception of sig- nals from the U. S. A. was better than it has been in quite some time. Best condi- tions occurred on the 14th and 15th and R6 signals from 6AHP, 6BGH, 6CCL, 7DF, 7DL and 7GJ were the best that were heard. It is a very rare thing for him to receive signals from the sixth and seventh districts. This looks as though con- ditions were improving and that DX may be back again soon. GERMANY “During the past month conditions seemed to be more favorable here in Ger- many for European and DX work on the 40-meter band, whilst on 32 meters we noticed many dud nights. “Concerning the Washington resolutions, we fear that the traffic in the band from 7,000 to 7,300 Ke. will be rather difficult to manage and we would propose that the 75 } i ; Al-exw, H b___ ) ai2KW HAS HELPED TO GET A WAC MEMBER- SHIP FOR MORE THAN ONE NU AMATEUR SO A PICTURE OF THE “WORKS” BEHIND THAT CALL SHOULD BE OF INTERST TO MOST. The transmitter uses a 20-watt tube in a Hartley circuit. The input is normally about 60 watts and the reports are usually, “pure d. c.”” A _ half-wave voltage fed Hertz is connected directly to the oscil- lator inductance. The receiver is a O-V-2 affair em- ploying capacitive control of oscillation. A separate antenna is used for it. to 85-meter band which is now nearly abandoned for such be used for European night work. Night time DX work should be allowable in the 40-meter band while during daylight we could do our European work within these precious 300 Ke. In addition to work in these bands, strenuous efforts are necessary for the thorough in- vestigation of conditions on 20 meters, at gO ew ma. 4 MAKERS

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Royal personages in China ride ina palanquin shielded from the public gaze. Listen to the Stromberg-Carlson Sextette Tuesday evenings at 80'clock E.S.T.through the NBC and Associated Stations: WJZ, WBZ-WBZA, WBAL, WHAM, KDKA, WIR, KYW. KWK, WREN, WTMJ, WCCO, KVOO, WFAA, KPRC, WOAI, WHAS, WMC, WSB, WBT, KOA. TOTAL SHIELDING protects Stromberg-Carlson TONE OME from the theatre—with your companions of the even- ing! The realistic tone of the Strom- berg-Carlson will bring you dance orchestras as though the players were in the same room. The full beauty of Stromberg-Carl- son’s famous tone so admired and so envied, could never be attained with- out shielding —scientific “Total Shielding” —correct electrically and mechanically — shield- ing designed by the pioneer manu- facturers of shielded receivers. This shielding completely isolates each radio frequency and detector stages —allowing the building up of the enormous amplification needed for tonal exactness. Music is reproduced as it was pro- duced at the broadcasting studio — every original vibration, from lowest bass to highest treble overtone given its true timbre and value. Your nearest Stromberg- Carlson dealer's address may be learned from his advertisements in your newspapers orin your telephone directory. Stromberg-Carlson Receivers complete for A. C. house cur- rent operation, East of Rockies $295 and up; Rockies and West $315 and up; Canada $365 and up. — ieee. No. 633 A. C. Stromberg- 7 Carlson, illustrated. Stromberg-Carlson Telephone Mfg. Co., Rochester, N.Y. Stromberg-Carlson MAKERS OF VOICE TRANSMISSION AND VOICE RECEPTION APPARATUS FOR MORE THAN THIRTY Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST YEARS 71

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P—List $54 with The unit is licensed under R. C. be sold complete with tubes. An I Push-Pull Power Stage Type pr with two UX-171 tubes, A ww Push-Pull Power Stage Increasing Clarity, Reality and Volume n AmerTran wired unit that mi e demand for a power stage that be easily assembled in the ay receiver. AmerTran type 161 former *wired to two power tu ts, a 50,000 ohms mounted re- an output transformer of l ntains an sist and th e required by the power tubes al ker. AmerTran has considered all before offering this new pov ige to the public, and that is the n for the fine results obtainable. It gned for specific tubes and sp and used as instructed, will pI very high standard of per- F est tone quality, this power stage sh preceded by an AmerTran Del idio transformer, and the out- put ected to a high-grade speaker. Th are firmly secured to a strong met e, provided with mounting he d the whole unit is neatly ‘omplete information together wit] on other AmerTran products wil idly sent free on request. Input and Output trans- ve finest high permea- laminations and ex- equency characteristics. American Transformer Co. 174 Emmet St., Newark, N. J f/f core Chic AmerTran Sales Co., 53 West Jack- son B ige, Mass., AmerTran Sales Co., 552 M: A ve Pittsburgh, Pa., Herr-Harris Co., 910 | r San Francisco, Cal., W. I. Otis, 905 M “Transformer Builders for Over 28 Years” the same time not neglecting the new 10- meter band that deserves special attention. “It might be of interest to many to know that three Munich amateurs are about to begin experiments in the use of picture telegraphy on short waves. They suppose that they will be able to transmit their QSL cards to any amateur who is in a posi- tion to receive and interpret their signals which employ the Dieckmann system. Any- one interested in the matter is requested to write to ek4UAH directly or through the QSL Section, D. F. T. V., Berlin W. 57, Blumenthalstrasse 19. “Some of the Hamburg amateurs are busy grinding their own quartz crystals. Quite good success has been obtained gen- erally and interest in this work is increas- ing every day, newcomers this month being 4ABI and 4AN. “We wish the three London amateurs the best of success in their tests on skip distance and wish to say that we are al- ways ready and pleased to codperate with all OMs abroad arranging schedules for experimental or scientific work.” —D. F. T. V. NORTHERN IRELAND “DX conditions generally seem to have improved and become more stable during the last month. NU signals come through well on most nights and the 20-meter band seems to be regaining its popularity. The South American stations are also starting to come in well between 30 and 40 meters and the South Africans are sometimes very good on the 20-meter band. Conditions concerning India and the Far East have been improving since December. “6YW has been doing excellent work on 32 meters with very low power and a badly screened aerial. His DX includes nx1XL, (on 45 meters) AWL in the Mediterranean, AQS in the Arctic, aql1LM at Baghdad as well as a report of being called by nu8BPQ. 6WG has been working NU stations regu- larly with about ten watts input which is obtained from a hand-driven generator. 5WD has made a good start from his new QRA which is 6 Springmount, Captain Street, Coleraine, N. I. He, also, is using a hand-driven generator to supply power to his transmitter which is on 45 meters. “There has been much good work done by the other low-powered stations but most of them find it difficult to attract attention from the Nu sations when working on 45 meters. 6MU has been working ai2KX regularly on schedule and conditions have improved sufficiently to allow occasional phone work to be accomplished. It is ex- pected that 2KX will come home to Eng- land during April. 2IT is working oc- casionally on 21.5 meters and is always QSA in the U. S. A.” —E. Megaw, gi6MU. IRISH FREE STATE “The Wireless Society’s station signing gw12B has been doing good work lately, 72 Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST ‘iz

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are als. en- as- ing urs kip ith for ng ly, 32 Pages Bigger: HE new edition of the RADIO AMATEUR’S HANDBOOK has 32 pages more than the last edition. That’s because additional information has been inserted in all parts of the book and everything has been brought right up to date. Two hundred and sixty-six pages of dope, data and details—all for one dollar, postpaid anywhere. OF course you can struggle along with the old edition—or it’s even possible that you can do with- out the Handbook entirely—but why handicap yourself when it costs only a dollar to have the new Handbook in reach whenever you need some radio information ? AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE, Hartford, Conn. Here’s my dollar—you know what I " a want. ritin’ IIIs aniscrnessenscnnsseineieniienintiteniniinntiieenininiaitiniiammmmnnetitd Jette" BIG cccenscrncemnenemesnnnennemnanametanmmnmnnnnanniiiie ete tt te i i i i rr rr rr rr rrr \ Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST

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Four Good Reasons Why You Will Want to Examine This New Second Edition of Laver & Brown’s RADIO ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES 301 pages, 6x9, 227 Illustrations $3.50 net, postpaid The book covers in detail the science and practice surrounding the 3-electrode vacuum tube; It gives the prin- ciples involved in the functioning of all forms of radio apparatus; 3. In the development of principles, the electron theory is made use of; 4. Mechanical analy- sis are avoided—Math- ematics is used only to indicate applications in problems of design. This standard manual gives the latest and best basic data on all phases. Some of the Topics —radio-telegraphic trans- mitting circuits; —ferro-magnetic or de- tuning modulation methods ; —mathematical theory of the balanced modula- tor; ‘ —piezo-electric oscilla- tors and resonators ; —etc., etc., etc. McGRAW-HILL FREE EXAMINATICN COUPON JUST OUT! Days FREE 1.

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8 McGr Co., Inc., 5 8 370 ; : New H i ae nd me Lauer and Brown’s RADIO g g ENGI NG PRINCIPLES—New Second Edition, § g $3.50 1 I will either return the book, g 8 post mn 10 days, or remit for it at that § 5 tim | 7 | DRED 6c 6dosc debe 0 566060 suesseeseceessseneeceosass : ; ee. “GR FR 6£46606000665.0600008K6-06h46K0000 0s cRCR TES 1 SRN, < cncaececwasnedbenscwstaennaheebabeaene wilted 4 ' f im 2£66066606666600006n00000000006008006000686468 ' g Name of Employer «..acececseeceeeeeceeneeeeceees ' en: DU a cccatkeasctyxienwentensesnGiahene : (RB il in the T S. and Canada § ne QST, 4-1-28 § 7 ). ee ee — ee ee ee ee ee eee ee

DODGE RADIO SHORTKUT v nd Hints for Better Key Work. Fixes Sigt tick—Kills Hesitation, Cultivates Speed I es Results Slow Hams raise speed ings Previous Failures qualify and Beginners master code and pass in DGE HIGH SPEED METHOD Inter » Speed Practice) Hams in 35-40 per class. Five H gain in few evenings. One of } tal practice only ODGE MORSE SHORTKUT Radio Ops—Kills tendency to mixup ised as desired. REPORTS FROM USERS T tory—Mailed on _ request. Radio $ $2.5 Morse $2.50. Money order. N I gn add 50 cents. MAMARONECK, NEW YORK.

Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST having made contacts with stations in the Ist, 2d, 3d and 8th Nv districts on a wave of 45 meters. A loosely coupled Hartley transmitter feeding a third harmonic in- verted “L” antenna is used. Its plate sup- ply comes from a 500-volt battery-driven dynamotor and the input is normally 10 watts. “The station of the Grenfell Mission at St. Anthony, Newfoundland, ne8AE, has been worked on 45 meters with an input of between nine and ten watts. A schedule has been arranged between these two sta- tions. “Excellent DX conditions have prevailed on the band between 40 and 45 meters dur- ing the first half of January, stations in the 4th, 5th and 9th Nuvu districts having been heard with signal strengths up to R7 between midnight and 0100 G. C. T. using a O-V-1 Reinartz receiver. We wonder why these stations never seem to call, “Europe” or even “DX.” NulBQT was worked as early as 2140 G. C. T. and from this time onward, signals from NU stations have been arriving in Dublin at fair strengths. “Gwl18B has been keeping his schedule with nx1XL in spite of terribly hard luck with his hand generator which has burned out repeatedly of late. He has also worked ne8AE, aaYX1 and a Canadian, all on the 45-meter wave. “Gwl17C has worked Egypt, FI, AG and Aq stations on 45 meters as well as WNP on 23. 11D continues to increase an already big list on NU stations in the 20-meter band. His best, so far, is a ninth district station. “11B has been cutting some fine crystals and although he reports but very little transmitting activity, we have heard nulBFK calling him on 40 meters. There seems to be but little work being done among other stations with the 20-meter band being the quietest. It is expected that 12B will be active on 23-meters shortly and will, of course, be seeking tests with NU, NC, etc.” —H. Hodgens, Hon., Sec., Wireless Society of Ireland. ITALY “Ttalian amateurs have been particularly busy during the month of January in their experiments with phone transmission on the 45-meter band. Almost every day at 1300 G. C. T. some fifteen of our stations located in all parts of Italy are carrying on friendly phone conversations. Remark- able results have been obtained with very low power by 1AS, 1AM, 1BS, 1DY, 1SA, 1GN, 1NO and 1MA. “Special experiments on duplex telephony were carried on between 1GN, 1FP and 1AM and the results obtained were excel- lent. INO did some good DX work with fqPM, xep1MA at China and the Zikawei Observatory station at Shanghai operating on 24 meters. “We are extremely interested in the In- in February ternational Tests to be run

ros

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NEW RELAYS for your Transmitter ” PR-5 PR-9 Operates on 6 volts D.C. ad- Operates on 6 D.C. volts as . Ae “gs - wa me justable to all positions. %4 Adjustable to all positions. en pure silver contacts. Lac- 3/8” pure silver contacts. quered brass finish. 3 x 5% Highly polished nickel finish. ile x 4%” Bakelite base. Maple Engraved Bakelite base. Ma- ole sub-base. Recommended for ple sub-base. Recommended ed 250 watts or less. for 250 watts or over. ed PRICE $9.00 PRICE $12.00 he THESE RELAYS ARE EXTREMELY FAST. THEY DO NOT LAG NOR DRAG. MADE BY MAKERS OF THE FAMOUS “LEACH BREAK-IN RELAY” a LEACH RELAY COMPANY on dy 693 MISSION STREET SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA id. yn. ils tle rd DEPENDABLE! EVERLASTING ! re “B” BAT TERY POWER ne er at nd U, Y || Signer one eer Junior ir RECHARGEA a A n Shipped dry with solution ................ $12.00 Rheostat ) 140 VOLT WITH CHARGER ............. $17.00 ; at 100 Volt POWER UNIT with TUBE ...... $16.00 A Junior Rheostat made to a ns ee Cell. F . —_ . oe. 4 ——— standard. The most rugged and 1g OF Friel aines at REDUCED PRICES. dependable design and material. k- 180 Volt UNITS built to your specifications. Large radiating surface. Smooth “Vv SEND NO MONEY—PAY EXPRESSMAN apati “urnis in i ‘y Write for Free Hinstrated 24 Page Booklet. ope ration. F ur nished in all S1Zes A, SEE JAY BATTERY COMPANY In both rheostat and potentio- 915 BROOK AVE. Dept. A, NEW YORK CITY meter. = iy : = OUNORRD cencccccsens 75¢e each id Potentiometers to 400 l- SPECIAL GED i cacssonouas $1.00 each ‘h eoniiite wana Switches, furnished sep- el amateur de pt A. Ml arately, fit all Yaxley T4 has everything/est developments in radio at startlingly Junior Rheostats and that amateurs|'ow prices Get the set you want here . jesire. Thejand save up to 50%. The best in parts Potentiometers ..... 40c each B ri kits co lete fact built set d , . af Gaine gives full|supplies Orders flied ode den oo At Your Dealer's y get Rg heat, Yaxley Mfg. Company Wholesale lforit | BARAWIK CO., prices to d 1298 IEFFERSON. “Dert 41, CHICAGO, U.S.A Dept. Q, 9 So. Clinton St. Chicago. lll. Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST

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"with 2CNM™M for HAM PARTS Pilot Short Wave Plug-in Coils Range 20 to 200 meters atte are wound with No. 16 wire spaced the diameter of wire and w end ¢ ma thin celluloid form. The form touches the wire only at the extreme bottom insuring firm support and low dielectric losses 1 hook up ready to use, $4.50 IM FILTER CONDENSERS iin insulated terminals 1000 volts 2000 volts $1.69 $2.39 2.39 4.09 4.19 6.59 SA , Blocking Condenser $1.49 A \VE TR ANSMITTING INDUCTANCES I .29 SO a a | ‘ow N AVE RECEIVER TH WER ‘TRANSF ORMERS (all sizes) side of center tap with two windings. Fb for a 210 on006eneentesass $13.75 RI WOUND RESISTANCES 25 watt 50 watt 75 watt $ .69 $1.19 85 1.39 1.49 1.98 Re r ta extra, All resistances in stock includ- r t s are Fb for Gridleaks. 20¢discount \ r enameled wire. Most efficient f evasessase . ane cl SHI LDED GRID TUBES $5.45 T Sockets for the SG Tube -98 NG IN _— To } ( or MAI RS GIVEN ‘IMMEDIATE I Om discount "ATTENTION ADIO 2CNM FANMILL RADIO CORTLAN DT ST. A Sate Piace Buy A Radio 6 EI stations will participate.” —F', Pugliese, ei1F P, Sec. Italian I. A. R. U. Section. SOUTH AFRICA “The South African Radio Relay League has been requested by the Postmaster Gen- suggestions for a scheme to assist the Minister of Defense in providing Africa with a secondary means event of A special committee at headquarters has been formed and is ac- engaged in drawing up a scheme along the lines of the A. R. R. L. Official Relay Stations for submission to the South As this has been one of our strong desires ever since the incep- natural- eral to put forward of radio communication in the trouble or disaster. tively African government. tion of our organization, we are, ly, very happy over this turn of events. “DX conditions have been excellent, be- best around 1700 G. C. T. Boyce of A7A reports contacts with ai2KT, 20-meter transmissions are coming through well with eg5ML, nulSZ, 1ASM, 1BW and 8CFR being heard ing at their ai2KW, oa5CM and 0oa2YI. such stations as ai2KT, af1B, most consistently. “The accompanying photo is of foA3Z, OM Hill at Port employs a 203-A tube in a tuned-plate tuned-grid cir- the station operated by Elizabeth. The transmitter and it is expected that quite a number of 20 Keel 76 A New and Improved Volume Control for 7 “AC” Circuits Radiohms RX-100 \ fan a\ yi} and RX-025 have been built an b/ with exact taper of resistance = to gi oe r tralab ive effectual control of vol- smoothly, without jumps sudden blasts. When the RX-100 is placed acr ' ry of one of the R. F. stages it tively controls the volume from ay mum on all signals—powerful lo nding This Radiohm will also cont n very effectively. The the exact taper of resistance for a’ when placed in the antenna cir the primary of an R. F. trans- fort Or : Radiohms and the Centralab Pov are essential resistances for all “A I y help to maintain the delicate ba throughout the circuit and in no e balance between plate and fila- mer necessary to maximum ef- fic Write for new folder } owing applications Central Radio Laboratories - Milwaukee, Wis. || @aesey II] Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST Ave. - foA32 cuit. home-made transformer, the filter circuit. current is around 140 mils. “The teries for the receiver. is of the inverted “L” type, 5-wire fan counterpoise is used. is a five-tube BC set. All continents have been worked by A3Z who has 26 different countries to his credit. The plate supply is obtained from a output of which goes through a chemical rectifier and The voltage applied to the plate is about 1200 and the normal plate power and filament transformer and rectifier are mounted under the operat- ing table together with the A and B bat- The antenna which is used for both transmitting and receiving 95 feet long supported between two 50-foot masts. A The re- ceiver next to the transmitter is a short- wave O-V-1 affair and the one to its right Silen Phan wore

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ie 1- 1S of it le a] ie )- .. | em —_—_ ITROHM Transmitting Grid Leaks and Rheostats now cover the entire line of transmitting tube circuits. amateur products are reduced materially. Vitrohm Transmitting Products. {If you have The prices on these {Your dealer should stock difficulty in obtaining them, write us direct. ll PRODUCT RESISTANCE DISSIPATION CURRENT MRATING PRICE 507-2 Grid Le “ak ~ 5000 ohms 44w atts 90 m.a. 100 watts $2.00 307-3. GridLeak* 5000 ohms 200 watts 200 ma. _1000 watts 2.80 307-4 ~+Grid Leakt 50.000 ohms 200 watts 60n m. a __ 1000 watts 6.50 307-5 Grid Leakt 20,000 ohms 200 watts 100m. 1000 watts 4.25 507-51: Grid Leak* — 10,000ohms ~ ~200watts 135m. a. - 1000 watts 4.00 307-66 Grid Leak** — 15,000 ohms 200 watts 120 m.a. 10 0) watts 6.00 507-63 Rheostatt* 50 ohms SOwatts lamp. : 5.50 307-59 ~ Rhe ostat*t ~ QO0ohms S0watts £2 amp. 5.50 07-83 ~ Rheostat* t ~ 12.5 ohms 60 watts 2.2 amp. 5.50 * Center-tz apped *DeForest P or R. C. A. De Forest H Tube 852 Tube 5M—10M—15M A. 852 +* For Primary Control *¢ Filament and Primary Control Steps at Ward Leonard(fectric Company 37-41 South Street Mount Vernon, N. Y. or DeForest P Tube Master the Code Wireless or Morse quickly at home with The Code Instructor No better meth- od for self-instruc- tion exists. Quick- Easy - Thorough. Endorsed by U. S. Navy and lead- ing Technical and Telegraph Schools. The only instru- ment that RE- PRODUCES ac- tual sending of expert opera- tors. Sends messages, ra- diograms, etc. Any speed. Complete course (6 tapes) Phonograph Motor FREE. 30 times as many words as any other instrument. Tapes cannot be memorized. Last indefinitely. Avail yourself of the TELEPLEX for a quick mastery of the code. Write for booklet RL. TELEPLEX CO., 76 Cortlandt St., New York Silent Were THE NEW CROSLEY JEWEL BOx ‘Power Tube Work. | REPAIRING AND REXHAUSTING OF ALL SIZE TRANSMITTING TUBES_ | PRICES UPON APPLICATION Glenwood Laboratories _142 Market St. _ Newark, N.J. | Genuine neutrodyne AC receiver. 180 volts on plate of last tube gives full natural tone. Very sharp and selective. Write Dept.18 for information THE CROSLEY RADIO CORPORATION Powel Crosley., Jr, Pres. Licensed only for Radio Amateur, Experimental and Broadcast Reception. Prices slightly higher in far western states. Battery Type Bandbox, Dry Cell Bandbox, Jr., $55 $35 Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST Cincinnati, Ohio

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NOW — A Single Drum Dial by National Co. New in design but with the familiar \ NAL Qualities; famous Velvet- runing, and made to Use and to la 60 degree motion allows attach- m¢ all types of variable condensers. Smaller Drum, with automatic take-up pe high position of sub-panel with- u ng. Visible portion of dial in- cli pward for easier reading. :, isily attached. Ask for type F.— 1.00. Type 28 Illuminator, 50c. ‘NATIONAL TYPE F ILLUMINATED VELVET VERNIER DIAL NATIONAL COMPANY, Inc. Malden. Mass. W. A. Ready, President | THOUSANDS WILL TELL YOU A ajebti Dry “A” and “B” UNITS ELECTRIF Y RADIO SET and give BETTER RADIO RECEPTION THAN ANY OTHER FORM OF ELECTRICAL RADIO POWER See y nearest dealer today—any good radio store. Try Majestics on your set and note the difference. You plug Majestics in and forget them. GRIGSBY-GRUNOW-HINDS CO. 4540 ARMITAGE AVE. CHICAGO “I He has won the S. A. R. R. L. trophy for the second time in the recent competition for it which is confined to stations in South Africa.” F. P. Marks, foA5F. NEW QRAS agRIL—Georgia Tiflis Navtlug, Radio RIL, U.S. S. R. (by D. S. Hutchinson.) auRABS—tTachkent, Turkestan. (eb4ZZ.) WWD—St. George Island, Pribilof Ids. off Alaska. (nc5AW.) nr2FG—Frederico San Jose, Costa Rica. Gonzalez, Box 384, Calls Heard (Continued from Page 59) J. Bernfield, 14 Richmond Road, Wimbledon, London, S. W. 20, England. Icio lbew luw Imv lahi Icmx Ibjk lbux ladm lbbm lajm laot Imo lia lvw lbql laoh lalr Illv lIemf lazw lasi 11j lecue Ictu lecpb lasu laep Ilbyv laff lakz lajh Ildm Icjh lach lii lecz lben Ibge Ixv lapv laal lqi lue I1fl lanv lge lve Ickk laba lsz luz lbeb lawe Iliff Ibet 1kl lag lexy labd Ilbkp lawm lahx lic low 2cuz 2jn 2bbe 2apa 2aol 2mb 2px 2ce 2bdk 2cns 2bmr 2ags Zahm 2amd 2aiu 2sy 2or 2pq 2aoj 2aef 2cvj 2hv 2nm 2asc 2uo 2aib 2ada 2avb 2aue 2awx 2awa 2bda 2ahi 2cewm 2ih 2avw 2md 2bnr 2dr 2ayj 2amj 2cyx 2bck 2bad 2avr 2bum 2buy 2crb 3ep 3mv 3di 3bgeg 2ow 3btq 3lw 3ec 3ceb 3ag 3sz 3ajx 3gi 3aim 4dd 8pr Shu 3bqz 3nz 3qe 3aks 3bms 4qb 4ll 4hx 4cj 4xe 4pi daar 4af 4tu 4fv 4iz 4rq 4it 8ben Sahe Saly S8cmb Sadg Safq S8cvs S8alu S8cmg 8axn S8azg 8vx Sbni 8aj 8axa Satv Sclp 8ccs 8bas 8cke Scae S8dae 8li 8cln S8cdf Sbwa 8ces 8ccq Sarg Sakg 8dgp 8cfl. G. D. Pine, 15 Hillside Avenue, Exeter, Devon, England laac laao labd labn lacu ladm lads laep lag lahv lair lajx lalr lals lamd lanz laow lap lara larv lask lasu latg lau laur lavf lavl law lawe laxa laxx laz lazd lazi lazw lbat Ilbdi lbed Ibex lbez 1lbgq lbkp lbux lbv lbw led Icje Iickp icmf lemp licnz Icpe licre ldf 1di 1ldm lev 1fl lfm lfn lga igh 7gl lic lid lja ljb 1jz 1kh Ikk Ile lj 1lt llu Ilx Imn l1mo lImr Imv Imy In! Inq le lql iIrd irn Iry lse Isk Isw Isz lud luw luz livz lwz lxaw I1xi 1lxm ixv lyb Izd Izs 2abf 2abg 2abp 2acu 2ad] 2afr 2afv 2ag 2agb 2agn 2agq 2ags 2agw 2ahb 2ahg 2ahm 2aib 2ais 2akx 2alu 2alv 2amf 2Zamg 2amh 2amj 2anm 2anq 2anz 2apb 2a 2api 2apn 2aqw 2ard 2ary 2ase 2ass 2atk 2ata 2atx 2aul 2aun 2avb 2avq 2avr 2avw 2awb 2awag 2ay 2aya 2ayj 2az 2baa 2bad 2bav 2baz 2bbe 2bbx 2beb 2bee 2bch 2bez 2bde 2bdh 2bdj 2bek 2bew Zbfij 2bfq 2bgec 2bgt 2bj 2bmf 2bms 2bow 2box 2bs 2bse 2bs! 2bua 2buc 2bum 2buo 2buy 2bvh 2bwj 2bxu 2bzo 2ce 2edr 2cej 2erb 2es 2ctn 2cty 2Zcuo 2cuq 2euy 2cew 2cx 2exl 2cyx 2ezr 2Zdg 2dh 2dm 2ef 2ev 2fa 2fm 2fo 2fs 2gk 2he 2hh 2ie 2jn 2jp 2k 2md 2mf 2nm 2ns 2o0e 2ol 2or 2ot 2ov 2pf 2pp 2ps 2pv 2rs 2sm 2sq 2tr 2ty 2ub 2uo 2us 2wz S3add 3Saef S8afx Sahl 3aib 3aim 3ajd 3akv 3amx 3anh 3apx Sauv 3bms 3bph 3bqz 3bwt 3cbt 3cdv 3cf 3cfe 3cki 8ckl 3cmg 3dg 3dh 3ep 3ep 3iu 3jo 3ke 3kr 3la 3ld 311 3lm 3lw 3nh 3nr 30q 3pf 3pr 3qe 3qf 3qm 3sh 3sj 3ss 3sz 3ta 3ut 3wm daar 4ac 4dacz 4cu 4db 4de 4ei 4ft 4fu 4dge 4gz 4hx 4hy dic 4iz 4k 4il 4mn 4nh 4ob 4oc 4ok 4qb 4qz 4rm 4rn 4rq 4si 4s] 4tk 4tr 4tu 4uo 4ux 4we 4wo bBayl 5ql 5Syb 5zai 6am G6vt S8adg Sadm S8agh Sajt Sake Saly S8amn Sarg Satv Savg Sayu S8bok 8bou 8byn 8cbu 8ce Secs 8cjm 2cke Seno Sepf &cqi 8erp Scxd Sdjg Sdkd 8dks 8dne &dnh 8don S8dsy 8jq &8ke 8li Son 8pl Swt 8xe Qadg Yadk 9bbw Ybes Ybeq Ybim Ybkl Ybpb Ybbpl 9bzq 9cjw'Yenj Yerd Yerj Ydbj 9Ydck Yef Yehn Yeld 9Yelinc-lac ne-lad ne-lar ne-lbi ne-ldq ne-2be nc-2bg ne-2bv ne-3fe ne-3gg ne-8al ne-9bz ne-9co ne-8rg nj-2pt nm-lj nm-ln nn-lnic np-4bj nq-2ac nq-7cx nr-2fg nr-2gph nr-cto af-lb ag-rann ai-2kt ai-2kw ai-2kx aq-ldh aq-lhf aq-1lm aq-lmdz fe-egez fi-lta ai-lab fo-a3 Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST

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adm lag bex awg ickj 3la qm | Model 537 A “UNIVERSAL’’ Aid to Radio Set Servicing More Calls--Complete Set Owner Satisfaction --Big- ger Profits. Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation 602 Frelinghaysen Avenue Newark, N. J. Here is the New A. C. and D. C. Radio Set Tester N OT merely an instrument—but a complete radio service man’s equipment. With this outfit you can set yourself up in business—and a very profitable business, too. Dealers everywhere are looking for men experienced and equipped to service radio sets. With this outfit and the complete instruction book which is included with it you can be an expert with a little practice. It takes only a few minutes to make every test ona D. C.or A. C. set. Hundreds of men with only a few hours’ self-training are making as many as twenty service calls a day, and making money on battery and tube sales besides. Let us show you how. Write for complete information. WESTON RADIO INSTRUMENTS BEN’S RADIO BARGAINS MERSHON 60 MFD. COND. $4.00; R. C. A. UV 712 audio transformer $3.95; Faradon mercury condensers $0.50; 2 MFD. fixed condensers 500 volt .95; Hoyt 2 in panel meters 0-6V; 0-3amp. $1.45; Hoyt peep hole, all sizes, AC and DC V $1.95; Wireless keys, heavy contacts practice key .69; Skinderviken trans. relay bottom .95; Milliam- meters 200 mils. Hoyt $3.75; Trans. insulators 18 in. .45; 2 for .75; RCA 1656 fil. trans. 50 watt $6.75; RCA 1658 fil. trans. 150 watt $9.75; Plug in tip and jack for coils, ete. .15 pr.; Honey comb 3 coil mounts, gear type $3.25; 5000 ohm por grid Leaks tapped $1.7 5; Faradon ant fixed .000025 cond. .45; Comp. AERO 3 tube short wave kit $34.50; Comp. REL 3 tube short wave kit $26.75; New improved Vibroplex Keys $17.00; Cootie keys, new and better type $5.50; High pitch adj. buzzers $1.00; Wave- meter boxes, well made $1.50; Small cabinet and panel 6% xr 12% $1.00 Radio Ben C.0.D. AND MAIL ORDERS FILLED—P. P. EXTRA EVERYTHING FOR THE AMATEUR AT BEN’S BEN’S 228 Tremont St., Boston, Mass. GRIDLEAKS | 15,000 ohm, tapped at 5,000 and 10,000 ohms with 85 watt capacity --Price, a ¥ 50 20,000 ohms, 85 watt for UX852. peseseecees 1.50 5,000 ohms, 85 watts .-. ——— 5,000 ohms, 20 watt for one UX210........ 75 Postpaid UTILITY RADIO CO. 80 LESLIE STREET EAST ORANGE, N. J. new CHI-RAD Short Wave Coils 20—40—80 Meter Band Designed by Chi-Rad engineers to meet the de- mands for an extremely efficient short wave coil. Complete with mounting, hardware and three interchangable plug-in coils to cover 20, 40 and 80 meter wave bands. These coils are noteworthy for their convenience in design, neatness in ap- pearance and sturdiness in construction. All plugs give positive contact. Chi-Rad Short Wave Coils Compare for 20, 40 and 80 meter band ......ccccccccccces $10.00 Extra coil for broadcast band ..........+.. $ 4.00 Dealers and _ Set-builders—write for further details and discounts. Chicago Radio Apparatus Co. 415 South Dearborn St. Chicago, Ill. S$ — Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST

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Cat Ne’ WIBROPLEX ¢. Trade Marks: Vibropiex-Bug- Lightning bug No. Here's the Bug you want! Slow or fast—it sends smooth- ly. accurately and with amazing ease. 10 Great New Features New design. A great bug! Hun- More | ] More efficient. dreds alr ] Famous Improved Vibroplex Used t WO over be Its ea fecti ing. O user Special Radio Bug Japanned Base $17 _— Nickel-Plated 19 cially i contact points to break high currert se Of relay . . « -« $25 Money Order or Registered Mail. THE VIBROPLEX C0O., Inc. 825 Broadway NEW YORK Ca Address: “VIBROPLEX” New York MICROMETRIC | DIALS for Short-Wave RECEIVERS Rough Tuning and Vernier 2 Knobs Gold Inlay Markings—Look for.Gold Band , KARAS re ORTHOMETRIC . CONDENSERS t Ideal a * short-wave = ceivers yreater separation broader tuning range 0001 00014 00025 List Price $6.50 each Pp : ndensers in your set today—and If your dealer cannot supply you, terature on 3-Tube Short Wave Kit KARAS ELECTRIC COMPANY 4030D-N. Rockwell St., Chicago, Illinois —$___— ————__—__—____+—_— 80 fo-a3v fo-a3z fo-a4x fo-abx fo-a6n fo-a9a_ fq-pm sa-bal sa-cb8 sa-db2 sa-de3 sa-dr4 sa-dz9 sa-en8 sb-lad sb-laf sb-lah sb-laj sb-lak sb-lal sb-lam sb-lao sb-lap sb-lar sb-law sb-lax sb-lbe sb-lbr sb-lbw sb-lby sb-lca sb-lcg sb-lcj sb-lel sb-lem sb-lic sb-2aa sb-2ab sb-2af sb-2ag sb-2aj sb-2ak sb-2al sb-2am sb-2ap sb-2ar sb-2as sb-2au_ sb-2ax sb-2ay sb-2ia sb-2ib sb-2id sb-2ig sb-5aa sb-5ab sb-9aa sb-sqap sb-snf sc-lic su-led su-lcx su-loa su-2ak oa-2no oa-2rx oa-3wm oa-3xo oa-5ax oa-Tew op-lau op-lhr op-3ac op-lat oz-lai oz-2go oz-3ag oz-3ai oz-4ac oz-4ao oik rje vidg wnp. R. A. Rowden, 12 Pennsylvania Road, Exetcr, (England, Dec. 23, 1927 to Jan. 14, 1928) (20-meters) lacm laff lajz lana larx lasf lask lavl laxa lbeb lbed lbw lbwm lIbyv lIcfo ickp Iemf lfs Iga lic 1kh 1kj 1kl Irw Iisz lvw Ixv 2acn 2agn 2agp 2alw 2amf 2aut 2bad 2bal 2baz 2bhf 2bum 2cmu 2evj 2cuq 2gp 2jn 2md 2tp 2tu 3adm 3aib 3cei 3qw avg 4ob 4px Gary Sabx Sadg S8afq S8ahe Saly Sarb Saxz Sayu Sbag S8cbi S8eccl S8ccq Scjm Semb S8ddn S&dhx 8did S8dne 8hx 8nt 80q 8xe Yauu 9bqy Yerd YMdbj ne-2al ne-2be ne-3mp ne-Sae np-4pq fo-a3z oz-2xa wnp. (30 to 45 meters) laaw lab labv labz lafi lage lagi laje lajx lamu lanx lapq larv lasa lask lasu lavl lawm laxq laxx lbea lbeg lbed lbge Ibje lbke Iblb Ibif lbls lbqd lbqs lbr Ilbtf lbu lbux lIcax led Ich Icio leje Ickp lclv lemf lemx lemz lIctp Idi I1fq lho lid 1ka 1lx lms Ino loo low Iro Irp Ilsi lwl 2abp 2abt 2acd 2adb 2adl 2afv 2ahm 2ain 2alp 2alu 2ang 2anm 2aog 2apd 2aqo 2arm 2atq 2ats 2avq 2awq 2bav 2baz 2bch 2bck 2beco 2bev 2bew 2bde 2bdh 2bdj 2bek 2ber 2bew 2bfy 2bhb 2bhf 2bhr 2bir 2bo 2box 2bse 2bvh 2edr 2cjx 2emu 2crb 2ctp 2cua 2cub 2evj 2ew 2cxl 2ff 2fs 2gd 2gp 2he 2ie 2jc 2jp 2mb 2mg 2og 2op 2ps 2qa 2sm 2sz 2tf 2uo 2wi 2ws 2acm 3ade Saed 3afj 3afr 3afw 3aib 3aih 3aim 3ajd 3amb 3anh Sani 3apx 3as 3avk 3awf 3bmz 3bnu 3bqz 3bse 3buv 3bwt 3ceb 3cfq 3ckj 3dh 3ec 3ep 3ev 3fo 3fv 3gi 3gp Shh 3jq 3ke 3kt 3nc 3nr 3pf 3pr 3qe 3qw 3ra 3sn 3sz 3vx 3wm daar 4dacd 4acn 4dacp 4dacv 4acz 4dadg 4ay 4bl 4bn 4cf 4cj 4db 4ei 4gq 4hx 4hz 4kw 4ilk 4nh 4oc 4oh 4on 400 4pe 4pi 4qb 4rn 4rp 4rq 4rr 4si 4to 4tp 4xe 5aao 5ado Sage 5aqw 5aqx 5aue 5avs 5ke 5mx 5boc 5rd bre Suv Swz 5byb 5zg 6am Gary 7sp S8afq Sahm Samy Sath S8avb S8axa Saxx 8bg 8&bhz 8bjb S8bni Sbox Sbto Sbyw S8ccq S8ecfl Scfr 8enh S8evs 8dem 8dft S8dfw S8dne 8dod S8don S8dpj &dsi 8eq 8gz 8li 8te 8vb 8zzc Yabq Yabr Yacl Yacu Yadk Yaek Yahz 9aio Yala 9alk 9aok Yapv Yaue Yavp Yaxf 9baq Ybed S9bht 9bmm Ybpm Ybac Ybul Ybuo Ybxj Ybzq Yedi Ycfn 9egx 9chs Ycis Ycepr Ycrj Ycys Ydaa Ydck Ydke Ydpv 9ds 9dws 9dyd QYeaj Yedf Yeej Yeix Yek Yekw Gelb Geld 9ell 9eln 9erh Seta Yewq Shb Bhi 9jc 9kb 9m! 9nr 9oj Spd Ypm Yqi Yrp Yrs Ysu Ywb Y9za ne-lak ne-lav ne-lbr ne-2ax ne-2be ne-3cs ne-3cy ne-3nv ne-9bz ne-Sae nd-hik nq-2cf nq-2kp nq-5ry nn-lnic np-4aan ni-2sh ac-8na ai-2bg ai-2kw ai-2kx aq-lhf as-llira fe-egez fi-lew fi-lta fo-a3v fo-a3z fo-a4l fo-a6e fo- a7d fq-pm sa-de3 sb-lao sb-lap sb-law sb-lbg sb- leg sb-lcl sb-lem sb-lcr sb-lid sb-lig sb-2ax sb-2ay oa-2dy oa-2tm oa-2yj oa-3de oa-3ef oa-3es oa-3kw oa-3x0 oa-5by oa-5wh oa-6wp oa-7ch oa-7cw op-lad op-lbd op-lew op-lgz op-lhr op-lmr oz-2ae oz-2bg oz-2bp oz-3af oz-3ai oz-3ar oz-3au oz-4ar xoa-5ma hval kfu pkh ril rjc tfa wmo. ai-2KX, R. J. Drudge-Coates, Cambridge Barracks,’ Rawalpindi, India (Heard during January, 1928) laqt laxa Ickp lei lom lbuc lii 2awu 2Ix 2ht 5mx Salu 9crd 9cpd Sbpm eg-2nm eg-2kf eg-2xy eg-5sw eg-6yv egi-6mu. ec-2YD, near Brno, Morava, Czechoslovakia. (20-meters) lemf laj 2nm 2agn 2ahm 2tp 8aly af-lb ne-lar ne-lad sb-lad sb-2fg sc-2ah fm-8ip voq kz] 2xad (40-meters) lqb Ixv 1lwj 1si Irv 1bx lcmp lajk lbed lajx lekp 2ax 2pv 2tp 2tr 2md 2pp 2vo 2ov 2rs 2fs 2alu 2ayj 2agn 3rb 3cfg 3amx 4vb 4fu 4bd 4ob 5by 5atm 6bjh Ghzg 8vd 8dz 8xeo Yael 9emj ag-rann as-llra fm-Say fm-8jo fm-8rit fm-8ssr fm-8chr fm-2ax fo-a9a ne-Sae sb-lbg su-2ak oz-2ac oz-2me oz-3au pgo sad ael wnp. Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST Trad

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Vv PR eeaMS Tiree arn evr FF | SS wv impervious to FYROM the day you install them, *PYREX Radio Insulators require neither inspection nor replacement. Their constant electrical and phys- ical characteristics are permanent. They represent the true fusion of materials resulting in a homogeneous, nonporousinsulator, uniform through- out its structure—high in dielectric strength—low in power loss. No “glaze’’ or coating to craze, check or decay. No pores to hold dust, soot or moisture. And PYREX Radio Insulaters are Unvarying Radio Insulation dust — fumes—chemicals indifferent to the corrosive action of water, smoke and acid fumes. Oil, grease and clinging dirt do not accu- mulateon their original diamond hard super-smooth surface. PYREX Radio Insulators are specified in four branches of the United States Service, and in the country’s largest broadcasting stations. Write for “PYREX Industrial Glass Products’—acomplete treatise on the special glasses from which PYREX Insulators are made. CORNING GLASS WORKS Industrial and Laboratory Division, Dept. Q-I CORNING, NEW YORK +Trade-mark Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. BECOME ARADIO OPERATOR See the World. Earn a Good Income Duties Light and Fascinating. LEARN IN THE SECOND PORT U.S.A. Radio Inspector located here. New Orleans supplies oper- ators for the various Gulf ports. Most logical iocation in the U.S.A. to come to for training. Fractically 100% of radio operators graduating on the Gulf during the past five years trained by MR. CLEM- MONS, Supervisor of Instruction. Start training now for spring and summer runs. Member of the A.R.R.L.—Call “5 G R” Day and Night Classes—Enroll anytime—Write for cir- cular. GULF RADIO SCHOOL 844 Howard Ave, New Orleans, La. Oscillating Crystals Prices for Guaranteed SUPER-POWER CRYSTALS: 75.0-85.6 Meter, (3,500-4,000Kcs), band $18.00 37.5-42.8 Meter, (7,000-8,000Kcs), band $30.00 RESEARCH ENGINEERING COMPANY 915 Duff Avenue, Ames, Iowa Roe Distoetionless Simplification Dual resistance for DeForest “*H’’ tube $3.50. Consists of two units mounted on bakelite and connected in paralie!, Please specify if your “‘H’’ tube requires 60,060 ohms or 20,000 ohms. All amateur apparatusin stock. Let us drill and engrave your panels. oo Cresradio Corp.. 166-32 Jamaica Ave... Jamaica, N.Y. Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST Trade Mark Reg’d Pat. Office] CONDENSERS B-BLOCKS VERITAS RESISTORS Universally accepted as standard for the construction of Radio Receiving Sets, Resistance and Power Supply Amplifiers and Power Supply Units. Send 25c for new Power Supply Hand- book. Tobe Deutchmann Co. Cambridge, Mass,

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AMATEURS The Most Interesting Field E.xperimenters. Light Sensitive Cells — Their Applications PHOTO ELECTRIC CELLS have 1 in Television, Telepho- togra ng Movies and innumer- able tl RADIO RELAYS Ou polarized relay, a result of , long for a practical relay to be used Light Sensitive Cells—also used tion with telegraph-print- ers. r time-signals and many ap- plicat dio. Write r further information:— Photo Electric Devices, Inc., 594 Fifth Avenue Brooklyn, N. Y. a» i . . }x§! 4 A A Ae . A Simple Guide for Selecting Resistors No vy many claims are made for a resist ilways check up on its true wort out who uses that particular make, stinds up under the rigid press service. We recommend that you ask any one ving companies about Harfield Resist ire but a few of a great numt s now purchasing Harfield Resis e quantities, Strom! ele- Western Union Teleg’h Co, phone M Sonora PhonographCo. Crosley | ration Conner-Crouse Corp. Amer er Co. Magnavox Corporation Fanst« ¢ Electrical Research Martin ¢ Laboratories Splitdo ( Samson Electric Co. he resistor you want > upa sample for you Vrite to HARDWICK, FIELD, INC. FACTORY HAR-FI ELf) SALES DEPT. 215 Emme Whee !! an 100 Fifth Ave. Newark, =~ WIRE-WOUND New York City RESISTORS oa-4PN, Russell F. Roberts, Cambridge St., West End, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Heard between Nov. 20, and Dec. 31, 1927) lab lpp lve 2alu 3pr 5kg Sre 5wz 5Sdhg 5aqp 6am 6hm 6ap 6ave 6avj 6akw 6amm G6agg 6bvx 6bvv 6bhap 6cgm 6cnk 6dkx 6dch 6dqq 6dev 6dog 6dkt 6gn 6na 6uaq Thk 8tra 8hx 9wv 9wi oh-6dpe oh-6boe op-lad op-lbd op-lhr oo-bam oo-geo ac-2ff ac-2cp ac-2ck ac-8na ac-8hb ac-8to aj-4dx ai-2kt ai-2kw ai-2g¢b eg-3kf ef-8fn eb-4ft eb-4au ei-lno es-lco fo-a3z fo-a6p fo-a9a hlw wmo jav xcj mow xom agj arcx pmz, oa-5CM, Reg. M. Anthony, 3 High St., Unley Park, South Australia lazd lbux Iicmf lcmp lde Ifl lfs l1lx 2acd 2afr 2afv 2ahg 2aku 2alu 2azk 2bac 2bbi 2bfj 2ih 3bej 3bmz 3bph 3bqz 4b] 41k 4si 4wn 5auz 5avs 5dm 5ke 5rd Bre Swz 5xm Gaak 6aej 6agz Gaix 6bajm G6akw 6alz 6apd Gary 6avj 6bel Gbhef 6bfp G6beb G6bjh 6bk 6bpce 6bph 6bpm 6brm 6brs 6cegv Gch 6ck 6cto 6ewo 6czm 6dag 6dan 6dki 6dkx 6dli 6dln 6dnh 6dta 6ec 6emg 6fs 6gu 6hj 6Ghm 6ju 6ty 6zd Taae Taax Tabh Jafo Tbze Tek 7lz Samf S8axa 8axz S8bau S8baz 8&bqm Sbww Sccw 9Yadq QYafe Yajv Yave 9bpm Ybqe Ybsz 9ckf 9cjn Yen Yety Yejw Yerd Ydrd Yef Yexe OF Igy 9pu 9wb 9xl Yws oh-6Gamu oh-G6avl oh-6boe oh-6buc oh-6cqm oh-6dki oh-6dju oh-6dqq oh-6dqu oh-6dv od-pkl ac-2ck ac-hkg ac-S8em ac-Shb ac-Sna ac-8rj op-lhr op-Ire aj-2bk ai-2kt ai-2kw ai-2kx ai-2bg ai-2jy fo-a3a fo-a3c fo-a3e fo-a3t fo-a3’v fo-a3z fo-a4x fo-a5a fo-a6p fo-a6u fo-a7a fo-a7d fo-aTo fo-a8p fo-a8v fo-a8n fo-a9a fo-a9n fo-2srb fo-6sra fo-5sra fo-7sra fe-cegz xen-0cp ef-Seo ef-8fd ef-8jf ef-81x ef-8xo ef-8zb eb-4be nc-9ai smuk kfud. KDOF-5PK, J. F. De Bardeleben, 723 Elizabeth St., Brownsville, Tex., on board SS Bessemer City. (Heard between New Orleans, La. and Panama Canal) lbbo Imk 2sz 2uo 2pv 2cre 2afr 2me 2ag 3tn 3ac 3sj 3cbt 3bqz S3afw 3bjy 3¢p 3aph d4tn dip 4wn 4fd 4cb 4ou 5gr 5byb 5Saak Spm base 5qj rg 5ash 5aye 5axo Sayb G6ty 6dfr 6dfs 6Gawt 6zd Gcyy 6dkx 6dfv 7gr Taat Taln Scwt Sada &8bmq 8ccq 9efw Y9dli 9Yayp 9ecx 9baz Off Yefe Yep Ydny Ydme Ybz Ycee 9dku 9rp 9Yejw Y9ecrj nn-lnic ndm nq-5ev ne-lac nm-9a. (Heard between Panan:a Canal and Hawaii) 2uo 2bfj 5aqf 5ash Srge T7aln Tafv Tadb Tagb Taba 9qy 9cph 9dak 9ctx oa-5ry nn-Inic nm-9a. (Heard between Hawaii and Japan) Ixv 2uo 3¢p 4si 4ow 4on 5aak 6ciu 6chr 6dmm 6Gavl 6dv 6dir 6dki 6dceu 6cag 6am Gaat 6nx 6we Gakw 6cfg 6iz Tce Tacf 7gf Twv Sccw Yox Yahz Yaxq 9aid 9cdw Yeld 9cmz S9bac Ydqu Sbht oa-lew oa-2rf oa-4au oa-7cw oa-6am oz-2bf oz-4sk oz-3ai op-ldr op-3ac oo-dgk oo-ap4 aj-jxcx aj-jrv xnu-6dhg fu9 {8m kf hza nvx ips sk-l rep nigu ra-03. KDVO, S.S. Samuel Q. Brown, in port at Amuay, Venezuela by Ben B. Skeete, (20-meters) latr lahy lbeb lhv 1sz 1zz 2bbx 2bge 2ck 2gp 2vi Sakw 3jm 4adb 4ec 4nl 5ar 5lp 5mk 6aat 6avj 6dev 6de 6csr Gary 6bjf Giny 6cxo Tvz Tfe 8dbe 8dzm Scfr S8aub 8re 9dbj Yajw 9hm Y9dpb Yehm YIevu 9cug 9dpw Yas Yeln Yanz ne-law nm-9a, (40-meters) lam 1lx lbeb laqp lagw 2qu 2bew 2aed 2bda 2avg 2cedm 2ww 2afa 2ccd 2hv 2gp 2aua 2bip 2ot 2an Qaby 2ach 2fg 2bay 2agw 2bew S3cc 3sz Sali 3anh Savk 3anf 3ua 3bui 4hx daar 4ky 4dq 4ox 4qz 4ed 4dt 4rp 4hx 5Srg 5la 5acl 5aeb 5awq 5fb 5we Bmx 5ayo 5adv Sta 5apm 5Saej Shy 6brq G6hk 6cbd 6bsn 6bpm G6ahp 6nw 6aqf G6afs 6dog 6ec 6ahp 6adb Giny 6czo 6bpo Geb Gbhch 6am 6dwf 6bam 6biu 6bej 6hm 6aau 6bj] 6ad 6dsu 7ff Scbf 8axz 8aic 8dmz Scc 8jb Saig Swo S8dfw 8g] Sahu Sbjx 9czw Y9axx 9aok 9efz 9ewl Yell 9dux 9bnb Ydke Ybaqc Ybec Ybbw 9chs 9cvu 9deb 9csm Yayx Ybpn Yhi Ybad Ycuo Iewa 9cft su-lfc nr-2ags sb-2ar ne-2be oh-6xk. (80-meters) lin 1bbj 1f] lait 1ixv laef lafb lanh lasd 2bic 2bif 2dv 2cpge 2jx 2bep aco 2cp 2sb Zaat 2mt 2xg 2bse 2sc Zev 2bex 2evh 2cx] Zalo 2bhl] 2cbhp 2cpd 3dew 3uz 3jh 3xs 3ase Saei 3cjw S3aqi 3zf 3ale 3zi Sadm 4cs 4lu 4fx 4b] 4ff 4sp 4cn 5qa 5aqd 6aod 6don Sbyn 8dyk 8dtc Shvy 8buh 8jb 8mq 8czw 8ano 8daq Scsw 8bnf 8don 9dds Yaaf 9cuo Yedo. KOGR by 5SR-5PG Enroute San Juan, P. R, to Kingston, Jamaica larv lbg Ickp 1Iem lewp Ing loz laba lacm 2afv 2ags 2agw 2atq 2bps 2ccv 2cxl 2dh 2fc 2jc 2md 2ns 82 Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST Me set buz No. | an, No. 1 an; Genu 103 Teco My r An m Belde Neon sen ele Re: me Bra abs« less 200¢ sist: spec Ri THE quick MOD THE schoo WI teed Sizes 1 in. Price MAS’ |

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Mesco wand | 95 set key and buzzer, No. 12 Enameled copper wire, [EEDS teens Je Horne of RA 1S 45 VESEY STREET Cardwell con- 3 45 densers, double spaced fortrans- ~~ em © $.01 NEW YORK mitting, .00025 cap. . , ? No. 10 Enameled copper wire, New York’s Headquarters for : —" Op GT, B. ccccccese O01! see5 Electrad Wire Fixec e- : . Transmitting _Apparatus sistance, type B, 25 watts, 2” long Genuine Bakelite Panel When in Town Visit Our Store 5,000 ohm, centre tapped $ .95 LOXTAK wees eee eeereneees 1.50 Full Line of Acme -- Thordarson -- Jewell -- Flech- 10.000 ohm, centre tapped 1.10 Teco—50 Watt Socket ...... 1.45 theim -- General Radio -- Signal -- Bradley Type C, 50 watts, 4” long »,000 ohm, centre tapped 1.45 Myers $5 4% volt Det. or . : SPECIALS mn 10,000 ohm, centre tapped 1.75 : Amp tube complete with Faradon U.C 1803 Condenser cap 000025-10,000 volts $ -95 Type D. 75 watts Amt we, Dubilier Mica Condenser .002 cap. 6,000 working volt 1.95 969000 ohm, centre tapped 2.25 mounting CHPS ...++..00. ‘9 ubilier 4 mfd. filter cond. tested at 1500V. DC. : us — iden bra % inc ide, ft. . working voltage 500 1.75 Baten beets S tach wits, & 0s General Radio 247D .001 cond. plain or with vernier 1.75 Neon tube, type B. ultra Dubilier cond. 1.7 mfd. 1,000v .. test; 650v. working sensitive. Has sealed in voltage 1.35 ele S. positive contacts Dubilier cond..5 mfd. 1,000v working voltage 85 test indicator for wave- R.C.A U.V. 1716 Super Het. transformer 1.45 BNE le ccccccscecccesecos 1.50 Deforest audio transformer, built for 400 v. $10 list 3.45 * FLeC HT MOM Dubilier Duration R. F. transformer 2.95 Ward Leonard Resistances; fits standard base receptacles; sizes 300—600—900—1200 $15. Imported German head sets Honeycomb Coils. »nmounted mounting Bristol 50 Henry choke absolutely noise- less and stepless, Bradley Lea k, 95 Western Electric modulation transform . 6.50 Acme .0005 enclosed condenser Leeds 281 or 216B % wave re Leeds 213 full wave tube 2000 to 30,000 ohm re- —— = ye ge as Cunningham tubes haracti same sistance. List $5, special $2.95. $8 DeVeau adjustable arm micro Heath condenser double spaced for transmitting .00025 cap Dubilier buffer condenser .1 or .5 MAIL ORDERS FILLED SAME DAY 10% Must Accompany All Orders High 2000 ohms 95 Hit} Voltage ; very sensitive 3.45 | sizes in stock at % price. Hh (PF? tran tter for panel 2.48 ihe au? 5 2.45 — 400 v. D.C. each -50 2.75 er 2.95 -95 tube 3.75 2.95 4.75 Flechtheim Condensers all types 35% off list RADIO OPERATORS WANTED THE EASTERN RADIO INSTITUTE can train you quickly and thoroughly because: MODERN AND EFFICIENT METHODS THOROUGH INSTRUCTION under staff of LICENSED COMMERCIAL OPERATORS MODERN APPARATUS including SHORT WAVE TRANSMITTER FIFTEEN years a RADIO SCHOOL THE OLDEST, LARGEST and MOST SUCCESSFUL school in New England. RECOMMENDED BY THE A. R. R. ° L. Day or Evening Classes Start Every Monday. SPECIAL CODE CLASSES Write for Illustrated Prospectus EASTERN RADIO INSTITUTE 899 BOYLSTON STREET BOSTON, MASS. QUARTZ CRYSTALS Why not grind your own crystals? Guaran- teed non-twinning. Cut to correct axis. Sizes from 1.5mm. to 4mm. thick, 34 in. to lin. square or round. Price $6.00 each. Prices of other sizes on application. MASTER OPTICAL O., Inc., 19 W. 36th St., N, Y. City Specialists in Quartz Optics SIX PHASE Mercury Arcs—Ready for you now. Give your Station that distinctive 360-cycle note that makes "em sit up and take notice. Output prac- tically all D. C. Needs no filter. Great for that DX phone. Single Phase Arcs unbeatable. No words describe the six. Your rectifier problems solved, RECTIFIER ENGINEERING SERVICE 4837 Rockwood Road, RADIO 8ML, Cleveland, Ohio. Licensed uuder Auurews-tauin_ uu percut The truest and clearest AC Electric Radio is a standard set equipped with Balkite Electric SAB” $64.50 and $74.50. Ask your dealer, Balkite Radio Power Units Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST 83

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£ Appar pre gair tel ing and and ’ b Th Desigr \ for trar at Look the 3 The I the & for + higt fr ' w kn PRE ’ Spot"’ Aud Mica Condensers, irate and stay accurate. SANGAMO ELECTRIC CO. SPRINGFIELD, CISION! “Green” Same as above except impedance UX-171 and CX-371 matches tubes. “*Red”’ The Red Spot designates the Sangamo Type “‘E’’ Output Im- pedance, keeps heavy D. C. ‘B” current from loudspeaker windings. Tap provided for matching impedance to UX-171 (CX-371) or UX-210 (CX-310) tubes, also UX-112 (CX-112). “Orange”’ Used for impedance coupled amplification, auto-transformer coupled amplification, or as im- pedance in plate circuit of de- tector tube to prevent feed- back, oscillation or ‘‘motor- boating’ in transformer coupled amplifier. moulded in ILLINOIS. B OL W IND VOLUME XI of QST E have now a limited number of copies of ind Volume XI of QST. |. Xl comprises the en- 1927 series of QST. volume is made up of » books or sections, each ntaining six issues of QST. volume is handsomely nd in red cloth and with ld imprint. complete volume is ed at $5.00, postpaid. ter act quickly—only a copies available. QsT rk St Hartford, Ct. Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST 2xs 2xv 2ya 2za 3add 3adh S3afw Sanh 3au 3aua Saqd 3bph 3gt 3hf 4aar 4abj 4abz 4ack 4acs 4acv 4adg 4anh 4ani 4bl 4bu 4cfv 4eat 4ft 4gq 4hx 4ir 4mi 4nh 4pj 4ay 4qz 4ta 4to 4ui 4wn 4vo 5acl 5adn 5adv 5afw 5an 5anm 5anw bapo 5aq Sarf base 5Satn Bawu 5axq Baye bck 5fh 5jk 5lv ne boc irq Bry 5te 5uv Swf 5byb 6aaz 6g] G6Gdly 6dpu G6hm 6xi Jaa Taw 7dk Tek 7ti Sawo S8axx S8axz Sayu 8bjb 8bse 8btr Sbyt S8cau 8ccs 8ccw Scjw Scpp 8dal S8dbe Sdem 8ddz 8djg 8dmf Sdpo Sdsy 8ef 8fd 8gb 8it 8p! Sto 9agg Yaio Yajp Y9baz Y9bbw Ybeq Ybhz Ybls Ybob 9bac 9buh Ycev Ycf Ycfg~ Ycia Yciv Yerd YIctz Yevd 9ezh 9del 9dfg 9drm Yefq Yehr Yeih Yejo Yesm Yewp 9fs 9lp 9pd Yra 9uc Yyd. KUJX, S.S. Liberty Bell, c/o R. J. Cotton, 1795 Lincoln Ave., St. Paul, Minn. Genoa, Italy. (20-meters) laep ibsu lbux 2ff 2bum 3hf 3apx 3cec fo-adz fo-a4f. (40-meters) lkw lle Imv iw! liwv ixz laao lbhs .lbqt Icom 2ol] 2rs 2tp 2vd 2adl 2agv 2alu 2aqo 2ats 2bch 2bde 2bir 2bsl 2cty 2euq 2cuz 3ag 3ec 3dq 3nr 3qe 3wm 3ahl 3aib Sais 3akv 3awf 3bns 3cjn 4bb 4bl 4oc 4aqy 4rk 4si 4acz 5ayl Sin 8vx Sair 8awu S8axx Saxz 8bni 8bpq 8brh 8ecew S8cpe S8dne S8don Shi Yabu Yban Ydod agq-bdl eb-4cb eb-4ed eb-4cm eb-4dd eb-4di eb-4hp eb-4kb eb-4ww ec-lro ec-Irv ed-7bb ed-7bd ed-7fr ed-7hj ed-7lk ed-7md ed-7zg ee-ear28 ef-Sbw ef-8ct ef-8fp ef-8gi ef-S8acz ef-8flm ef-Smmp ef-8nkx_ ef-80rm ef-8pns eg-2¢f eg-2nh eg-5br eg-5eq eg-5jiw ex-5sh eg-5sk eg-5uw eg-5bwq eg-5zy eg-6bb eg-6hp eg-6jv eg-6vj eg-6vp eg-6wk ei-lvr ei-lyy ek-4fv ek-4hf ek-4ia ek-4nd ek-4qo ek-4rn ek-4up ek-4vr en-0fr en-0gb en-Ogg en-Oqr en-0zf ep-lag ep-lai ep-lbx ep-3am ew-AB ne-lad ne-lar ne-2be ne-2bg ne-2ca_ sb-lac sb-lbg sb-lib su-loa, lac lbw ikh laex lale latj lavy Genoa, Italy to Gibraltar (via Leghorn and Naples) (20-meters) Irw lisz lwv Iixv lafd laqt lavl lawe laxa 2ch 2ff 2tp 2afr 2awq 2bbx 2bhf 2bkn 3hf 3zi 3aib 3cec 3cfg 4nh 8xe Sabx S8bto 8enz fo-a3z fo-adf deg. (40-meters)} lag lbw I1fs lgw lhe lid lim Ikh 1lx Imv lom lqb lqv lke lro Iry lw! ladm lafl laje lajx lanx laqgo lary lask lasu lbea lbhs Ibls lbqd_ Ibqs lbwf lepe 2az 2bge 2gy 2he 2kx 2oe 2sm 2tp 2um 2uo 2ve 2vd 2ws 2wy 2adl 2alu 2aoj 2arm 2avq 2awu 2bav 2bdh 2bgz 2bit 2bis 2box 2buo 2caz 2cmu 2esg 2ceua 2cewm 3dq 3ec 3ep 3tq 3abo 3acc 3add 3afx Sahp 3ajh 3anb 3anh 3ani 3apn 3avk 3ht 3id 3pf Sais 3aps 3bkt 3chh 3cjn 4bi 4bl 4cf 4cx 4cy 4ei 4fu 4hx 4ip 4kf 4kv 4ky 4lk 4lx 4mi 4px 4sv 4ta 4td 4ud 4ut 4vl 4wm 4wo 4dabz 5fq 5jy 5ke 5kl Soa Sre Swe Saak 5aao Safe 5ahm Sain 5api 5aat 5aqw 5Satf 5Szav 6asm G6avj 6bxi 7fh 8he She 8jq 8pl 8qb S8rh Swt 8zm Sahu Sapd Sauc Sawu Sayn Sbev Sbou S8brh 8bti 8bz] Scau S8cbhf Scft Schk S&ciq Seno Sens Scro Sexd Sezr S8de~ Sdhu Sdnf 8dqm &8zze 9bn Yez Yjc 9id 9ml Y9mn Yxi Yacu Yadg Yaey Yahaq 9aqk Yara 9ark Yarn Yavx 9baf 9bhz 9bir 9bkl Ybul 9ecv 9cjw Yene Yerd Ycst Ycue Yewa Yezt Ydck Y9dex 9dke 9dma 9dml 9dpv 9dqn Ydqu Y9dra Ydrj YIdws 9ebm Yecx Yelk Yeme Yeqy Yetf Yewp Yezz aq-Imdz ef-8e0 ef-8xo ef-8toy ef-Synb ek-4xr ek-4uak ep-3fz ne-lar ne-2be ne-2ed ne-3ay ne-3bm ne-3cs -oa-3vp oz-lat oz-lfj oz-3au. Calls heard between Gibralta and Azores (20-meters) lbr led lex lez 1f] 1fs lgw lia lif ljg 1mx Inf lqb Iry 1sz Ixp Ixv 1zl laao laba laef laep laff lahx lajo lame laqt lask lasr laxa lbdv ibhm lbtq lbyv Ickk lemp lecpj icuq 2ck 2vi 2aef 2adw 2afx 2age 2agn 2alw 2amx 2a00 2awf 2azk 2bac 2bad 2bal 2baz 2bgc 2bha 2bse 2cgj 2ctq 3jm 3ke Saib 3akw 3cee 3cfg 4bl 4px 4aqy 4to 4we 4dadg 4aek bas 5aq 5rd &gl 8oq 8rd 8re Sut 8xa 8xe Safq Sakn Saly Sahe Sadg Sarx Sayu 8bde Sbdp Sben &8bki 8ebi Scft 8cjm 8clp S8cog S8cpf S8cpx S8evj S8cvq S8czr Sdhp 8bjv 8did S8dme 8don 8dsi 9as 9hm 9pu Y9xh Yaid Yalz S9bhb 9bmx Y9bpm YBbaqy YIche YIcjw Yest 9dbj 9dhp 9dng 9dpw Yecz Yekw Yeoh eb-4au eb-4eb eb-4rs ef-8xo0 eg-5yx eg-6jk fo-a3z ne-2al nc-2bg ne-3bt ne-3qs ne-9bz nm-9a np-4sa 013, wnp. (40-meters) lac lbw Iby lei 1fl lgw lid lim ija lks Ik Imv loh lom Iiql iIrf Irp lwl lwv lafl lahx lajy lanz laqp larx lary lasy lata latr laus lawd Ilbbe lbbn lbdq Ibea ibhs 1bkv Ibls lbnm lbqd lbqs lbwm Am 0. § U Buy Dep |

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uhq 3vp inf Ix jajy WANT A GOOD GRID LEAK? THE RESEARCH WORK- ER is a monthly publica- tion of the AEROVOX Wireless Corporation de- voted to the propagation of technical information. It may not be as useful as QST, for it isn’t as big; but we know you'll get lots of good dope out of it. Send a QSL card or letter you on the next tell and we'll put mailing list for the issue. If you like it, us, also tell us what subjects you would like covered in fut- ure issues. surapenrnset vereennennn PYROHM Vitreous enamelled resistors are real- ly “Built Better’. tests we have frequently overloaded them until they reached temperatures of 800°-900 although such usage is by no me: ans recommended. your resistor troubles, " +Prices on application. b *Center **Tapped in tapped. thirds. 70 Washington St; Brooklyn, N. Y: Tupe Resistance Watts Price 998 30,000** 200 t 998 5,000* 200 t 996 30,000* 100 2.20 In Laboratory 996 10,000* 100 1.70 994 50,000** 40 2.05 994 10,000* 40 1.35 y ] 992 15,000 20 1.00 without damaging them Also many other sizes for plate, grid, and eliminator work. Send for list. If If you want to end your dealer can’t supply buy Pyrohms. you, order direct. soveeonennneney Heeguenenaceneeensanensesoeneeny A FEW PRICES “Built Better” tusesnsitie atus. Our new 1928 catalog is jammed full of the newest offerings of nationally known radio parts, kits, sets, accessories, table and console cabinets, etc : Whatever your radio need may be it's in our 1928 catalog Also contains Short Wave Section show- ing the finest receiving and transmitting appar- . Write for this big catalog—and for our confidential discount sheet—but write immediately SHURE RADIO CO., 349H West Madisoa St., Chicago, til. President Loomis Radio ollege; Radio ‘Weeieeee America’s standard radio book U. S. Radio Schools, U Buy of your bookstore Dept. _ RADIO THEORY AND OPERATING 3rd Edition, Revised-886 Pages-—700 Illustrations—Price $3.50 By Mary ane S. and Canada, Universities, T-405 9th St., Used by Dept practically all Radio Schools throughout Colleges and High Schools. or order direct LOOMIS PUBLISHING CO., Loomis Member Institute of of Commerce, Postage paid. Power Transformers ee eee n supply 2 and 3 phase transformers in addition to the Cc following single AA i er, See © ORI GID scmsccsconscccessued $35.00 100 watt 350-550 each side ....cccccscccscccsccces 10.00 200 a Gee © OP BE GQ ncunss00ees0sseesueen 7.50 00 1000-1500 v. each side 14.00 0 ‘* 2000-2500 v. each side 21.00 200 * 550-750 vy I Te a fa ie i in de il ae 10.50 200 25 cycle 550-750 each side 14.00 Tuo ‘ 25 cycle 1000-1500 each side ......... 0.06 22.00 700 25 evele 2000-2500 each side 28.00 30 Henry 150 mil hoke . 10.00 If fil. winding is desired on above plate trans- formers add $2.00. 9CES F, GREBEN 27 S. Peoria St., Pilsen Station, Chicago, III. Washington, D. C. 1 mfd 2mfd TRANSMITTING CONDENSERS FLECHTHEIM SUPERIOR CONDENSERS JUST OUT--NEW 2,500 VOLT DC SOsTENCOTS OPERATING CONDENSER Tested at 5,000 volts DC. Equipped ain heavy porcelain insulators. Now ready for immediate delivery. The finest amature transmitting condensers made; ALSO, complete line of BY-PASS and FILTER CONDENSERS, for use in radio receivers and eliminators. WRITE FOR CATALOG. A.M.FLECHTHEIM & CO., Inc., Dept.QT, 136 Liberty St., New York Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST 85

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forme m’r f. Ap Ward-Leo ner, rior UX2l0s. or U V 203A and U X 6287.95 ynard 5000 of sers will be 168 Washington St., W ard-Leonard Cent. tap 5000 ohm Ward-Leonard Cent. tap 150000hm & m ent. tap ivite special 500) ohm leak y variable transmitting leak FIXED CONDENSERS ~D SOCKETS *For 202s, 2 RADIO 2MA CO. RARE BARGAINS OM’S New Transmitting Apparatus 1t New Low Prices A meter and 40-80 meter trans- $8. 85 two coils, rods and clips) » N TR A NSFORMERS &6.10 50 and 750 voits, 514. 35 ened sa, 25.75 mounting AC and DC volt- $5 95 1p t 80 volts any scale readin ‘ S5.95 ters, any scale reading . B9.75 \ NEW TY®°E-TRANSMIT’G CONDENSERS f t .00016 MFD } volt .000335 MFD > 88.95 it .00045 MFD ) volt .00025 MFD ral Electric 5000 ohm 81.45 2 mfd. 500 volt 60 volt , 1.75 I WO volt ° . ° 1.95 f volt, test 800, working 2.75 ( 0 volt - * ” 475 00 volt, test 1500, working %.75 Ovolt ** ~ _ 85 0) volt -¢ - 6.95 r condensers are guaranteed against promptly replaced 10s, ete. 6Sec New York METER BA METER BA METER BA am add five, pest es es ND ND Oscillating Crystals Pr nding crystals at random frequencies in the ateur bands are as follows: For ise mention in which band you desire to Ve will state frequency of each crystal. Cr id to your specified frequency in the eight and ten dollars respect- OQ n other sizes given vt your request. All Work Guaranteed. Precision Crystat Service 3591 NGLE AVE. DETROIT, MICH. RADIO 18 Boylston St. SCHOOL Send for Catalogue MASSACHUSETTS RADIO and TELEGRAPH SCHOOL Boston, Mass. NEW WESTERN ELECTRIC, NAVY TRANSMITTING and RECEIVING SET 1055; Tr R Re WEIL ITY SHOP, phia, iitter CW “A Helmet with 1 SC No. T. 1 194 W. Head- or 12-350 volts, D C.; 1 CW yl box Largest r and V T 1 tubes stock iving material in educed price 20 South 2nd St., Philadel- list cables with con- and 1 CW 1059 of Government U. 8. Send 2c Ship anywhere Say You S Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST lemt Icpj 2bg 2bt 2cew 2di 2dp 2dr 2dy 2ff 2fp 2ed 2gp 2hr 2mg 20] 20ov 2ow 2ps 2qu 2sj 2uo 2ve 2vy 2acd 2acy 2aed 2aef 2afr 2afx 2ags 2ahb 2ahi 2ain 2ajb 2alu 2ama 2are 2are 2asq 2avq 2axq 2baz 2bbx 2bck 2bdo 2bdp 2bfv 2bgb 2bgt 2bia 2bif 2bsc 2buo 2bvd 2byw 2ccd 2esm 2cty 2cuq 2cwm 2cxl 2eyx 3cx 3dq 3ec 3et 3ht 3jn 3kt 3nf 30b Spf 3q]l 3rb 3sh 3sj 3sz 3qv 3tq 3ua 3wm 3abo Safj 3aih 3ajh 3amx 3anc 3anh 3aua 3cdu 4af 4ck 4db 4dt 4gy 4ha 4hh 4hy 4kv 4oh 4pp day 4si 4sq 4to 4vl 4aba 4dabz 4adg 5aq 5as 5eb kg nc rg 5ta 5uk 5yb 5Syw 5Saak Sabi 5acl 5adp Safe 5bajh 5amo 5ank 5apo 5aqge 5aqf 5atf 5auu 5awq Sayl 6ec 6gm Gavj 6bfp G6bhev 6bil 6bjl 6bjq 6bxi 6byz 6bchq 6chv 6cyx 6dbh 6dhu 6dmd 6dsx 8bm 8dg Shd 8ib Sit 8jj Sjw 8kq 8nj Spi Spt 8age S8rn S8sx S8vd Sve Svy Sagk Sagw Sagy Sahm 8air S8ajt Sala 8alo Samh Sapd Satw Savp Sayw Sben Sbev 8bff 8bga S8bhh Sbhz Sbjh S8bli Sblp S8box 8brh Sbub S8byw &8ebr S8ecq Seew 8chz Scjl 8emz S8enr 8coa S8epe Scrp Sceze_ Sdas Sbeb Sdeg Sdji 8dmf S8doj Sdsy Sdtf 9db Yep 9fq 9gj 9jc 9kd 91d Y9nr Yacu Yagd Yahj Yahm Yaid Yake Sala 9alq 9amm QYanq QYaof Yaok Yapv Yaqr Yara Qayl 9bad 9bam Y9ban Ybeq Ybet Ybeu Ybgq Ybjo 9bk1l Sbkz 9bov 9bpq Ybuy Ybwi Y9bwk Ybxo Y9bxr 9caf 9ceev Ycdi 9cej Ycfe Ycft Ycix Yejw Yckq YIckz 9enl S9ecph Yerd Ycrj Yesb Yevd Yevn Yewa Yew 9ezh 9dau 9dav 9dbt 9dck Qdex 9dfw YMdke Ydng 9dnv 9dpi 9dpv 9dqu Y9duh Ydwe Yefq Yefw Yegu Mehr 9ejo Yeln Beqe Yeqq Yera Yetk Yetv Yevu eb-dic ef-Sbf ef-8eo ef-S8er ef-8xo ef-8rpu ei-lmg ew-h2 ne-lap ne-lar ne-lbh ne-2bg ne-2be ne-3ay nec-3bm_ ne-3el nmXCF oz-lat ez-lfe oz-2ac. Francis McCown, Park Terrace 3, Santurce, Porto Rico. aq-llm ee-earl0 ed-7fr eb-4ar eb-4au_ eb-4be eb-4ck eb-4co eb-4da eb-di eb-4cb eb-4ft eb-4tm eb-pl ef-Seo ef-Sorm ef-Sssy ef-8rrp ef-Smn ef-S8he ef-8hip ef-Strv ef-8px ef-8vv ef-8fp ef-Sct ef-btr ef-8ep ef-Sudi ef-yce ef-Sest ef-8fd ef-Soqp ef-8cec ef-8ynb ef-dmf ef-S8ba ef-Svvd ef-S8tis ef-S8ssm ef-SIt ef-8wd ef-8ln ef-S¢i ef-8 acz ef-8bl ef-8fxf ef-Spme eg-2ms eg-2cce eg-2xv eg-2xy eg-2nh eg-2yu eg-2sc eg-2vq eg-2nm eg-2kz eg-5bd eg-5jw eg-5ml eg-5waq eg-5if eg-5mq eg-5uw eg-5ma eg-5gq eg-5wp exz-6wi eg-6rb eg-6wl eg-6dr eg-6uo eg-6dp eg-6da eg-6rw eg-6uh eg-6jk eg-6hp eg-600 eg-6rl ei-lea ei-leg ei-lbk ei-Irk ei-Irp ei-Ifp ei-lmg ei-lxy ek-4xe ek-4an ek-4dka ek-4sar ek-4abv ek-4aap xne-0dwi ep-laa ep-lae ep-lai ep-lag ep-lbe ep-lbk ep-3am ep-3fz es-lco ew-ab ew-h2 ne-Sae nb-be3 nm-xcl! nm-xe51 nm-xe55 nm-xe56) nm-xc52 nq-5ry nr-2fg oa-2dy oa-2re oa-2ij oa-2yd oa-2yi oa-2yj oa-3jk oa-3kr oa-3ks oa-3wh oa-4yn oa-5bj oa-5ws oa-7ch oa-7jk oa-71j oz-3aj oz-3an sa-de3 sa-de&8 sb-laa_ sb-lah sb-laq sb-lar sb-law sb-lax sb-lbe sb-lbe sb-lbo sb-1bl sb-lbr sb-lej sb-lid sb-2ag sb-2al sb-2id sb-7aa se-2as sc-3ac su-loa su-lbr su-2ak sv-lxc fm-S8psrv af-hval nn-nicl vis pob smuk sas wvs whnbt pkp b82 eam ocdj ril ors snm, np-4AAN, R. C. Spenceley, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands (Heard from Jan. 6 to Jan. 31, 1928) laao lafl laje lamd lamj laqp Ickp lemr ldi lgw lid lja Imo Inf loh lom Iwv lud 2abt 2aer 2act 2afv 2ags 2aiw 2alu 2ama 2anh 2avb 2avg Qawu 2bad 2becb 2bda 2bew 2bir 2box 2bse 2bvh 2egj 2crb 2cxl 2fs 2he 2k] 2rs 2tp 2uk 2uo 2ws 2wy 2za 3abo 3aib 3alq 3anh 3amb 3au 3bgt 3bme 3bsd 3che 3cm 3ec 3sm 3sn 3sz 3tq Bue 4aar 4abo 4ack 4acn 4act 4acv 4bb 4bn 4ei 4gq 4hx 4jd 4jr 4lk 4oc 400 4ay 4si 4st 4ux 4vh 5aak 5acl 5ado 5ajk 5aow 5aoz 5auz 5avl 5aye 5ew 5ge 5je 5mx 5vf Swf 5yb 5yw Gac G6adk G6agr Gags G6cevy 6cezk 6deq 6dhm 6dkt 6dkx 6dqq 6ec 60q 6ps 6rk 6sk 6ty 6wu Tadb 7bb 7dfr 7dme 7mh 7Tiz Saff 8ajv Sakz 8aly Saof Saxk 8axz Sben S8bja Sbqm S8brh 8brs 8bub Sees Sedf Sche Scjw Sexi Sczn Sezr Serp S8cvq S8dee Sdod Sdpo 8eq 81 She 8uj 8zzc 9bau Yafb Yake Yavy Qari 9axf 9%axz 9baf 9bbr Ybbt Ybe Ybeq Ybfp Ybhs 9bnb 9ccm Ycej Ycfn Ycis Yerd Yewa Yeye Yeyo Icys 9dex 9dma 9doe 9dol 9ds 9du 9dxg Ydy Yeco Yefk Yefo 9ehn 9ehr 9eld 9emh Yemp Yepd Yetq Yewp Yez Mhb 9kd 9nr 9rp 9tm 9xi eg-6dr ep-lai ne-lad ne-3dy nq-5by oo-bam kgaa wvw. S. B. Trainer, Jr.. 4 Shorncliffe Ave., Toronto 5, Ontario, Canada (Heard between Jan. 22 to Jan. 31) 4abd 4aci 4ack 4act 4amd 4dapx 4bl 4ch 4co 4cy 4ec 4ei 4hx div 4jj 4jd 4kw 41k 4nf 40m 4oo 4pm 4pu 4qy 4si 4su 4sx 4vh 5aak 5bacl 5afd b5afi 5aga 5ain 5aim 5ajt 5ala 5amo 5api 5aq 5aqw Sark 5atw Baut ed the beg my Ste Gr: Ra mis

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Acy {pu ain aut “es ¢ & MARTIN THE NATIONAL CYCLE COMPANY 605 EAST 4rw STREET “EVEGYTHING FOR Tee srCYCLEe AMARILLO Texas July 18 1927 192 Electric Specialty Co., 225 South Street Stamford, Conn, Gentlemen:- This will acknowledge receipt of yours 15th inst and we are pleased to say that the FSCO motor-generator sets used by us at WDAG, our broadcasting station, have given the best of service, While we have never attempted to overload any of our apparatus we find that the EBSCO machines working right at their limit have given excellent satisfaction and take pleasure in recommending them to anyone in need of such machines, Trusting we will find it possible to assist you in placing machines in the future, we are Yours truly THE NAT CYCLE CONPATY erator and engineer of WDAG To Our Readers Who Are Not A. R. R. L. Members Wouldn’t you like to become a member of the American Radio Relay League? We need you in this big organization of radio amateurs, the only amateur association that does things From your reading of QST you have gained a knowl- edge of the nature of the League and what it does, and you have read its purposes as set forth on page 6 of every issue We would like to have you become a full-fledged member and add your strength to ours in the things we are undertaking for Amateur Radio, and incidentally you will have the membership edition of QST delivered at your door each month A convenient application form is printed below—clip it out and mail it today. American Radio Relay League, Hartford, Conn., U. S. 4 Being genuinely interested in Amateur Radio, I hereby apply for membership in the American Radio Relay League, and enclose $2.50 ($3 in foreign countries) in pay- ment of one year’s dues. This entitles me to receive QST for the same period. Please men coer cebaeniatiem WE TO ancccccccnsccvcsscssgescceescososncnn issue. Mail my Certificate of Membership and send QST to the following name and address. ®eeeeeee eee eee eee ee eee e ee ee eee eeeee eee eee eee eee eee eeee eee eeeeeeeeereeer errr err ee ee Mention call, 1 GO cccccccccccccecccescccccececccccesesccesocceseoescessceseesee Grade Operator’s license, if ANY ...ceccccccccccccccceccecccecceesssesssesssssees Radio Clubs of which a member ........2eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenseesseeeeereess nivcattiniel Do you know a friend who is also interested in Amateur Radio, whose name you eee eee ee eee eee eee eeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee® Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST

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Va" 7. m ™ WAN LAS D>. &, eo NACA 4 AdAg Mé@nathattu Reet 6 Biasd Street, New York, mf FE « ’ v Setentifically equipped to . economically export dependable \ receioing and transmitting é rudlo apparatus. . ’ | , _ ? ENS j ‘ , \ * ; e i. ‘ f . ~ / 5 ‘ \~ 9 - a wa : — Where are your January, February and March copies of QST? Certainly you need a binder for your 1928 copies as issued— One- fifty each, pt ST. paid Note the wire fasteners Unnecessary to mutilate copies. Opens and lies flat in any position. onder will keep your QSTs always t and protect them for future use. An 1 good-looking binder, too. 1711 Park St., Hartford, Conn. Say You Saw It In QST—It Identifies You and Helps QST 5awq Saxn Sayo Bayt Bee 5fo 5fq 5fb 5ge Biz 5jc 5jk 50a Sah Srd Sry Stp Suk 5ul 5uw 5we bByb byw 5zas 6acs 6ad 6afs 6ajj 6akm 6akw 6alz 6amn 6Gapd 6asi 6atu 6auk 6av 6avb 6avz G6bch Gbhdt 6bgh 6big 6bil 6bjl 6bmo 6bpe 6bre Gbvx G6Gbwt 6bxi 6bxy 6bya 6bzf 6bzs 6cbe 6ccl 6edw 6cey G6cht 6ctx 6ety 6evj 6cut 6evu 6cyh 6cyx G6dev 6deu 6dfq G6dfs 6dfy 6dhs 6dhu 6djw 6djx 6dkt 6dli 6dm!l 6dnh 6dog 6dns 6dpo 6ds] 6dtm Gece 6fs 6fz 6gm 6hm 6ho 6jz 6ay 6ue 6wn Tacb 7afm Tajh Takw Tatv Tea 7cx Tel 7fh Tgr Tip Tmo Tok ne-lad ne-lap ne-lbi ne-lbr ne-lda ne-3az ne-3el ne-3be ne-3ce ne-3ni ne-3rg ne-d4ac ne-4ar ne-4cc ne4cp ne-4jl ne-4hm ne-4hp _ ne-4ect ne-5bep ne-5er ne-5gt nm-lg nm-lr nm-23a nm-84 nm-9a nn-Inic np-4aan nq-2cu ne-5ex nr-lfg nr-2ags nr-2fg¢ ns-lfmh nu-jj nx-1x! eb-4cb eb-4z eb-pl ef-8ba ef-8cc ef-S8ct ef-8fd ef-8fx eg-iba eg-6rb_ ei-ldy ep-laa ep-lag ep-lbk ep-lbl ep-3am _ es-ldy es-lfp fo-a3v sb-lao sb-laq sb-law sb-lbg sb-lca_ sb-lcb sb-lem sb-led sb-lid sb-2ag sb-2ar sb-2ax sb-2jk sg-3ac sc-lai sb-2as sb-3bd ss-9c oa-2dy oa-3jk oa-3wm oa-7Tcew oh-6Gavl oh-6dki oz-3ar ai-2kx bam ezd gbk gly irl ken vad wyvw wwv wwf wey xom. eee West Gulf Division Convention T HE HAMS in the West Gulf Division are widely scattered over a_ large territory, and holding a _ divisional convention isn’t nearly so easy or simple as in some of the sections more densely populated with hams. However, for all that they lack in numbers they more than make up in enthusiasm and real old time ham spirit. This convention, sponsored by the University of Oklahoma chapter of Alpha Sigma Delta, national radio frater- nity of hams at college, Norman, will go down in history as one of the livest and most successful get-togethers ever held anywhere. Early on the morning of Friday, Feb- ruary 10th, the gang began to gather at the Post Office in Oklahoma City in antici- pation of license exams. Many could be seen practicing up on circuit diagrams, wondering the meanng of QSC, or getting a last minute cram of questions and answers, but all for no good, for it seems that the R. I. got his dates mixed up or something, and failed to arrive. However, that didn’t worry the gang long, for the next event was a big sight seeing trip in special busses. The point of greatest interest to most of the gang was perhaps the carrier current system, repeaters, etc., of the Southwestern Bell Telephone Co., who very kindly conducted us through the plant and explained how several conversations in each direction were carried on over a single pair of wires, which also served to operate an automatic printing telegraph for news and market bulletins. It seems that they have a fool-proof “anti-snaffling” system, for (as was unintentionally demonstrated when someone carefully removed a_ tube from its socket) the least disturbance of the works causes a loud gong to ring con tinuously until order is restored. Hi! Other places visited included KFJF, the 1-Kw station with ten kilowatt modulation, 5QL, 5AFX, 5APG, 5ZAV, and the high line carrier current phone system of the O. G. & E, Co., with which we were per mitted to “work” similar stations over the state. The rest of the meetings were held in the Engineering Buildings of the Uni versity at Norman the gang all going # Norman in a body Friday afternoon, @ a special interurban and in autos. Prices within

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on ‘ion rge nal ple ely all han ime of ter- go and 1eld at ‘ici- ms, ig a ers, the ing, dn’t vent cial t to rier the very and in ngle rate ews they con- | sets and accessories. “28 YEARS riple Range A.C. Voltmeter The Jewell triple range A. C. voltmeter, Pattern No. 77, presents the radio amateur and engineer with an instrument which will be found very convenient in check- ing and testing in connection with the new A.C. operated GOoopD Pattern No. 77 This instrument has a combination range of 0-3-15-150 volts. The scale is silver etched with black characters and the movement is mounted in a metal case on a bakelite base. Convenient means are provided for table or wall mounting, or the instrument may be used in portable work, for which it was especially designed. Write for Special Circular No. 1145. Jewell Electrical Instrument Co. 1650 Walnut St., Chicago MAKING INSTRUMENTS” QST Oscillating Crystals New Prices Effective April First, 1928 AMATEUR BANDS Prices for grinding crystals at random frequencies which fall within the bands described below are as follows 1715 Kes. to 1825 Kes. $15.00 1826 Kes. to 2000 Kes. $13.00 3500 Kes. to 3650 Kes. $25.00 3651 Kes. to 4000 Kes $22.00 7000 Kes. to 7300 Kes. $40.00 The frequency of the crystal will be given accurate to better than a tenth of one per-cent Immediate deliveries BROADCAST BAND Prices for grinding crystals to your assigned frequency accurate t plus or minus 500 cycles are, $45.00 unmounted, $55.00 a nted Three day shipment and all crystals guaranteed T rystal is our usual FOWER type Cry $s ground to any frequency between 40 and 10,000 Kes let us quote prices for your particular requirement SCIENTIFIC RADIO SERVICE “THE CRYSTAL SPECIALISTS” P.O. Box 86 Dept. V Mount Rainier, Maryland Become An Expert RADIO OPERATOR Be the next World Champion! The Candler System of Training in High-Speed Telegraphing shows how. Theo. McElroy, World’s Champion Radio Operator, endorses no other system. Read what he says—‘‘At the Pageant of Progress, Chicago, I copied 56 words per minute for 5 minutes, establishing a new tadio record, which I still hold. I owe my Skill, and Steady Nerve both in sending and receiving to The Candler System.” What this system has done aid and thousands of others—it will do for FRE Booklet explains system fully. Send for it TO-DAY. A post card willdo. Send Now. THE CANDLER SYSTEM CO., Dept. AR 6843 So. Kedzie Ave., CHICAGO, ILL. Custom Set Builders Building, as you do, a receiving set for the buyer who insists upon the best in radio, you naturally seek the very latest in design and finest construction in parts—at a price that permits a profit. Just as Dongan has al- ways devoted its entire facilities to the manu- facturers of sets, now Dongan recognizes the Custom Set Builder as a distinct factor in the radio industry. Establish a Direct Source on Fine Parts You can avail yourself of special discounts on audio transformers, B-Eliminator trans- formers, chokes and units, A C transformers and units, power amplifier transformers, etc. -all appreved parts designed in one of the world’s finest radio parts laboratories and manufactured in one of the most modern and well-equipped plants. For converting D C sets to A C—or for build- ing new sets—write for our Custom Builder's proposition. Your source is direct and satis- faction guaranteed. Find out about this at once, You can im- prove the quality of your work and receive added profit. Transformer Headquarters for Set Manufacturers In designing your new set, take advantage of the re- search work on power transformers developed in the Dongan taboratories. Every feature of approved de- sign available. Dongar Electric Manufacturing Co. 2999-3001 Franklin St., Detroit, Mich. | TRANSFORMERS of MERIT for FIFTEEN YEARS )”.) Say You Saw It In QST It Identifies You and Helps QST

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How to be a commercial Radio Operator t should en- = ps re intelligence nent’s theo- riven to ap- , reial Radio IUST OUT Nilson and Hornung’s PRACTICAL RADIO TELEGRAPHY 380 pas 5x8, 223 ittustrations net, postpaid detail the eration of 1928, com- nd vacuum furnishes -ommercial It covers tary « lec- operation Some outstanding points \ nowledge of commer- f-examina- curate; diagrams S re you pur- | just this McGRAW-H'LL FREE EXAMINATION COUPON pei tata td At tt. Pe — 7 >) Co., Ine . n Nilson and Hornung’s PRAC- I E sRAPHY, $3.00 net, postpaid. the book, postage prepaid, in 10 t that time. , J 5. and Canada only) § QST 4-1-23 8 wo SCC FF KF wee eee eee ee Ivanstormers Of course Acme builds them. Acme products are nationally known. Furnish us with your blue prints and specifications for prices. We invite your inquiries. Member R.M.A. . The Acme Electric & Mfg. Co. af Established in 1917 1653 Rockwell Ave., Cleveland, Ohio ae oe oe Say You Saw lt In QST—It By this time everyone was well ac- quainted, and the first formal meeting, Friday night, was presided over by division director Frank M. Corlett, and was pri- marily a traffic meeting. Louis Falconi, 5ZA, the first Hoover Cup winner, told us how traffic was handled in the old spark days. Lyman Edwards, 5FJ and R.M. of Okla., gave several humorous anecdotes of his first trip as a “lid” commercial opera- tor on the Great Lakes. All the SCMs present then gave brief talks on the organ- ization of the Communications Department, particularly in their sections. Saturday morning was given over entire- ly to contests and stunts, of which the Oklahoma City “Oklahoman” says “the picnic part of the affair included contests to determine the fastest undresser, cham- pion static spitter, biggest and worst liar, and champion permanent waver!” 5ZAV won the prize for best explanation of the action of a crystal detector, based on his extensive independent research and dif- ficult mathematical derivations, and _ en- tirely unbiased by opinions of other famous scientists. The main technical meeting Saturday afternoon included talks by Prof. F. C. Tappan and Prof. O. W. Walter of the Electrical Engineering department, Mr. Roy Allen who told of new R.C.A. tube de- velopments; 5ZAV, 5APG, 5AKN, 5Ad, and 5ZA. The banquet Saturday night opened and closed with rousing cheers for Alpha Sig- ma Delta, the organization that made this wonderful convention a _ reality. Prizes were awarded by 5AQQ to all contest win- ners, several hundred dollars worth of real ham apparatus having been contributed by QST advertisers. The grand prize, a UX 852 watter bought and contributed by Alpha Sigma Delta, was won by 5ANK of Dallas. Happy boy! —Pat Shultz, 5AQQ-5AO0C. om ee Stray s"$) A letter headed “A Hot One” appeared in the correspondence columns of QST for April, 1927. This letter has been the cause of an undue amount of bitter feeling. Such is entirely out of place in any amateur game. Moreover, further consideration discloses the letter to have been too per- sonal in its wording; also lacking in con- sideration for possible reception conditions at the stations concerned, which conditions might well have accounted for the con- tretemps as related. We regret the pub- lication of the letter. = «ce CREAM CONES — F¢iWE CENTS a A CONE SPEAKER . Identifies You and Helps QST PUI