QST 1927-02: Vol 11 Iss 2

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46 t= = ° > = lu Y ~ Z Wy _ a he DEVOTED AMATEUR RADIO Prablished by the American ladio kelay League —wA az FEBRUARY 1927

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Since 1915 Standard for all Sets i | | lubes That Fill Millions of Sockets ery radio receiver requires one tube as a detec- one tube to feed adequate undistorted power the loud speaker and may have one to six or re stages of intermediate radio or preliminary ‘io frequency amplification. If your receiver designed for 5-volt tubes, the right combina- n includes a special detector, CX=-300A, a power output tube, CX-371 or CX-112, and CX-301A in all other sockets. Consult your radio dealer. He will tell you the eht combination of Cunningham Radio Tubes r your receiver. CX-300A, CxX-371, CxX-1 12 CX- 301A and eleven other types in the orange and blue carton EK. T. CUNNINGHAM, Inc. NEW YO! CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO

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or OEE hd TPCT pe Pe? , '' Tey Rae ae ¥ Bi | SEEING MORI THAN THE MICROSCOPE . . . * . Electrons, which are very important in ra- dio, are too small for any microscope to make visible. Yet our eyes can watch their paths—study their habits. In the laboratories where Radiotrons are studied there are instruments which ~ makeall these things possible—and more. > Knowing how many electrons leap across from the filament to the plateofav acuum tube is in its way as abstruse a study as the measurement of distant stars by astro- nomists. Yetthis abstruse research has adefiniteapplication in the RCA Radio- tron in your radio set. Thatis whythe laboratories back of RCAspend millions in scientific research that is far coo much like “pure science” for an ordinary man urer. Radiotrons are im- provedand new ones are developed, to make radio better. Because thisresearch shows in resa/ts, Radiotron users keep five great fac- ecries busy! Watch your tubes, always, for the RCA mark. You will find it on Radiotrons for every purpose. a | * } okear up thre CLO Tre Do you get a blast when. you turn the volume up a bit? Do you get sweet, clear tone at low volume, but noise when it’s louder? The troub- le’s probably right in one tube— last audio stage. the tube in the The Radiotron laboratories discovered that no ordinary tube can let big vol- ume through~clearly. RCA power Radiotron. ume > am RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICA , Bring your storage batter) @ power RADIOTRON UX-171 of UX-112 a detector RADIOTRON UX-200-A Bring your dry battery set up-to-date with 4 power RADIOTRON UX-120 NEW YORK CHICAGO et up-to-date with Change one tube to an Then warn. up the vol- . and it comes. through clear. vate and RADIOTRONS UX-201-A forg-all-round quality and .RADIOTRONS UX-199 for all-round quality SAN FR tANCISCO. | ; CA~Radiotron 4 MADE BY ‘\KERS OF THE THI M SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q ST RADIOLA |

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ee AMERIRAN Author AMERTRAN!* bo 4 AmERTRAN AmERTRAN (AMER TRAN | AMERTRAN |AMERTRAN | AMERTRAN } AMER TRAN | AMER TRAN| AMER TRAN ~~ RADIO PRODUCTS Pa “ same eh pat ment The AmerTran Power Transformer SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS G 8 T Type PF-52 $18.00 Each By recommending AmerTran Radio Products for the purposes to which they are best suited, we believe that the experimenter and engineer will more quickly appreciate the high standards of these products in de- sign, construction and performance. The AmerTran Power transformer is thoroughly dependable used as an ordinary half-wave Rectifier (400 v 60 ma. D. C.) in conjunction with the AmerChoke type 854 as a filter choke. And the same trans- former is adapted to an 800 v 60 ma. D. C. double half-wave Rectifier using two recti- fier tubes and the AmerChoke. Transformers of larger rating and higher voltages have been built for various radio concerns by this company since the be- ginning of the industry. Experimenters and engineers are invited to come to us for information on any special apparatus or on the use of standard AmerTran parts. Send now for free booklet “Improving the Audio Amplifier” and other interesting technical data. American Transformer Company 178 Emmet Street Newark, N. J. “Transformer Builders for Over 26 Years” AMER TAN AMERTRAN, eatne™ san lio Trans- Amer co Bach see") ye invVegascy | NVep ay |NVaEpay | eve Way | eve any avi any | Nv way Ava

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Section Communications Managers of THE COMMUNICATIONS DEPARTMENT, A. R. R. L. Eastern Pennsylvania 8BQ Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia 3AB Southern New Jersey 3EH Western New York 8PJ Western Pennsylvania 8XB Illinois SAAW Indiana scYQ Kentucky SARI Michigan 8ZZ Ohio 8sBYN Wisconsin 89VD North Dakota 9EFN South Dakota 9BDW North Minnesota IEGI South Minnesota oBYS Arkansas 5AIP Louisiana UK Mississippi 5AKP Tennessee 4KM Eastern New York 2ADH N. ¥. C. & Long Is land2C WR North New Jersey 2wWR Iowa SBRKYV Kansas SDNG Missouri gRR Nebraska 9BYG Connecticut 1BM Maine IBIG Eastern Massact husetts s IBVI Western Massact : IDB New Hampshire 1ATJ Rhode Island IBVE Vermont 1AJG Alaska® TFD Idaho 7ST Montana*® TNT Oregon * 71T Waslrington*® TFD Hawaii* Nevada 6c0 Los Angeles 6BUR Santa Clara Valley 6NX East Bay 6ZWw San Francisco” 6EX Sacramento Valley* 6CBS Arizona 6ANO Philippines (provisional) polAU North Carolina iIR Virginia CA West Virginia sBSU Colorado SCAA Utah-Wyoming 6RM Alabama 5AIP Florida 4QY Georgia-South Carolina-Cuba-Porto Rico-Isl 4iKU Northern Texas 5AIT New Mexico* Oklahoma 5APG Southern Texas SYK Newfoundland 8AR New Brunswick 1EI Nova Scotia IDD Prince Edward Island 1BZ Ontario eBJ Quebeo 2BE A Ibert iGT sritish Columbia 5BJ Manitoba*® 4DB Saskatchewan iFC *Temporary officials appointed to act unt! SCMs by the nomination and election ATLANTIC DIVISION H. M. Walleze 597 No. James St. 1824 Ingleside Terrace ! i0 Washington St 8. Taylor iS Masten St G. L. Crossley CENTRAL DIVISION W. BE. Schweitzer 1264 Hazel D. J. Angus 10 N D, A. Downard 116 No. Longworth Cc. E. Darr 137 Hill Ave EL C. Storck 694 Carpenter &t Cc. N. Crapo 143 Newton Ave DAKOTA DIVISION G. R. Moir 18 F. J. Beck Cc. L, Barker D. F. Cottam 8 DELTA DIVISION Leonard Clippard 2408 North Piet C. A. Freitag 129 Camp St J. W. Gullett 708 23rd Ave L. K. Rus i Second St HUDSON DIVISION Earle Peacox Rox F, H. Mardon - A. G. Wester, Ir. MIDWEST DIVISION A. W. Kruse F. S. McKeever I L. B. Laigure 8 c«. B. Deihl Ave. Illinois St Ave llth Street, South Third Ave. So. Sr Heights Mercier St Cedar St. NEW ENGLAND DIVISION H. E. Nichols 8 Frederick Best R. 8S. Briggs H. Carr 0 W. Hodge 997 B. Fancher 22 T. Kerr t A V I ‘ NORTHWESTERN — Mac ’ x 452 Filet L. Henry A. R, Willson A. C. Dixon Otto Jotmson PACIFIC DIVISION John A. Lucas Cc. B. Newcombe L. EK Smit F. J. Quement P. W. Dann 62 G. W. Lewis 748 Cc. F. Mas D. B. Lamb ; Manuel I. Felizardo 252 ROANOKE DIVISION R. 8S. Morris J. F. Wohlford C. 8S. Hoffman zt her Ir Galicia St. Broad Cambridge Chantal (¢ St Ave yurt ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISION Ibion St vedere Cc. R Don C Stedman il A McRae 214 Bel Apts. SOUTHEASTERN DIVISION th of Pine H A. D WwW. F Trum {( atoma Grogan R aie L. Reid WEST GULF DIVISION W. B. Forrest, Jr Robinson St ademy M. Ehr E. A. Sahm l MARITIME DIVISION Loyal Reid Aval T. B. Lacey N. B. Power Co W. C. Borrett Sinclair St W. A. Hyndman 25 Fitzroy St ONTARIO DIVISION W. Y. Sloan 167 Close QUEBEC DIVISION Alex Reid , VANALTA DIVISION N A St House m A H. Asmussen ) ith st. Ww E. 8S. Brooks c/o Forestry Dept. PRAIRIE DIVISION F. E. Rutland, Jr St. John Ave. W J Pr erir 9th St. W ¢ bership of Section meerned hoose san Hazleton D. © Washington, Collingswood Buffalo State College Chicago Indianapolis Louisville Highland Park, Columbus Milwaukee Detroit Fargo Milbank Henning Minneapolis Little New Orleans Meridian Bemis Rock Lawrence Kansas City Omaha Bridgem \ugusta Dorchester Worcester emont ort Oahu Yerington Whittier San Jose Oakland Francisco Sacramento Mesa Manila, P. L Denver Salt Lake City Waxahachie oO} Ni lahoma City w Braunfels St. Johns Jotm Dartmout) Charlottet eT wn, P. E. t Lambert St Calga Radio Co = Tecuse, Vancouver Winnipeg *rince Albert

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| e range of 4 .t enser dials J ‘ sepa- ally be. vave 4 SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QS T

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iia » VOLUME XI! FEBRUARY, 1927 NUMBER 2 _ ——~ Editorial! Financial Statement How Our Tube Circuits Work No. 2? The Colpitte Circuit . Robert S. Kruse A Small Neutralizing Condenser 4 Neat Wavemeter Radio Frequency Transformer Design in Voltage-Stabilized Systems Fred J. Marco Developments in Tuned Inverse Duplex No David Grime Standard Frequency Schedulk Rotten Reasons . The Old Man Multi-Contact Control Switches A D.C.-A.C. Crystal-Controlled Transmitter A Compact Receiver ‘ ; : ‘ . Alpha Learned A new Radio Circuit . ' e ; . Robert H. Marriott The Antenna on the July Cover On Top of the World nc5GO . . R. M. Foster Measuring Capacity with a Voltmeter Willard H. Farr An Airplane Transmitter . G. H. Browning and R. S. Briggs Experimenters’ Section Report Amateur Radio Stations /B/C L.A.R.U. News , , . ‘ d ° e Calls Heard : : : ° . ° Correspondence . ° . ° QST is published monthly by The American Radio Relay League, Inc., at Hartford, Conn., U. S. A. Official Organ of the A.R.R.L. and the International Amateur Radio Union Kenneth B. Warner (Secretary, A.R.R.L.), F. Cheyney Beekley, Editor-in-Chief and Businees Manager Managing Editor and Advertising Manager Robert S. Kruse, Harold P. Westman, David H. Hought Technical Editor Assistant Technical Editor Circulation Manager Subscription rate in United States and Possessions, Canada, and al! countriesin the American Postal Union, $2.50 per year postpaid. Single copies, 25 cents. Foreign countries not in American Postal Union, $3.00 per year, post paid Remittances should be by international! postal or express money order or bank draft negotiable in the U. 8. and for an equivalent amount in U. 8. funds. Entered as second-class matter May 29,1919, at the post office at Hartford, Connecticut, under the act of March 2, 1879. Accent- ance for mailing at special rate of postage provided Pe in ccstion 1108, Ast of October 3, 1917, authorized September 8, 1922 Additional entry as second-class matter, acceptable at special rate of postage provided for ; “ * - authorized September 17, 1924, or above, at Springfleld, Mass., Copyright 1927 by the American Radio Relay League, Inc., Title registered at United S s I tates Patent Office. Member of the Radio Magazine Publishers’ Association.

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-_ THE AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE \merican Radio Relay League, Inc., is a non-commercial assoc of radio amateurs, bonded for the promotion of interest in an * radio communication and experimentation, for the relay- | ing of messages by radio, for the advancement of the radio art and of the public welfare, for the representation of the radio amateur in legislative matters, and for the maintenance of fraternalism and a high standard of conduct. It an incorporated association without capital stock, char- tered ler the laws of Connecticut. Its affairs are governed by a Board Directors, elected every two years by the general member- ship. officers are elected or appointed by the Directors. The League non-commercial and no one commercially engaged in the manufacture, sale or rental of radio apparatus is eligible to mem- bers] ) its Board. _ “Of, by and for the amateur”, it numbers within its ranks prac- tical] ery worth-while amateur in the world and has a his- tory lorious achievement as the standard-bearer in amateur affair Inquiries regarding membership are solicited. A bona fide in- terest smateur radio is the only essential qualification; ownership of a ti itting station and knowledge of the code are not prereq- uisite rrespondence should be addressed to the Secretary. OFFICERS resident Treasurer HIRAM PERCY MAXIM ae A. A. HEBERT ford, Conn. Communications Manager Hartford, Conn. ; F. E. HANDY President Hartford, Conn. Secretary CHA STEWART K. B. WARNER Pa. Hartford, Conn. DIRECTORS Dakota Division Cc. M. JANSKY, JR. Pacific Division ie = . Dept. of Elec. Eng., U. of M. ALLEN H. BABCOCK HI Y M AXIM Minneapolis, Minn. 65 Market St., er 2102 Delta Division San Francisco ii BENJ. F. PAINTER ee aieat 424 Hamilton Nat'l Bank Bldg. we pea te a ne VELY _-— om Chattanooga, Tenn. 503 Main St. Pa Hudson Division Danville, Va DR. LAWRENCE oo Rocky Mountain Divisi 4 era Manage 480 E 19t - . - . tyeston , RUSSELL Brooklyn. N.. ¥. PAUL M. SEGAL Bldg Midwest Division Geet Bide One bake Ont PORTER H. QUINBY aa gy és dane Box 184A. Route 6, F Denver, Colo. PU LsION Omaha, Neb. Southeastern Division - hn ayy ~ tl New England Division HARRY F._ DOBBS ss DR. ELLIOTT A. WHITE wr = ~ Dartmouth College Atlanta, Ga. sion Hanover, N. H. West Gulf Division DARR Northwestern Division FRANK M. CORLETT 137 Highland Park, . W. WEINGARTEN 2515 Catherine St., Mich $219 No. 24th St., Dallas, Tex. Tacoma, Wash. Address eral Correspondence to Executive Headquarters, Hartford, Conn. | | SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST

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EDITORIALS resignation of Mr. John M. Clayton, 1DQ, its assistant technical editor, who has removed to New York City to be- come the assistant secretary of the Institute of Radio Engineers. One of the Ancients in American amateur radio, Mr. Clayton started with pre-war 5BV-5ZL at Little Rock and was in succession O.R.S., A.D.M., Division Manager, a director of the League, and, at Headquarters, in charge of the In- formation Service desk, editor of the “Cur- rent Radio” syndicate, and QST’s assistant technical editor. He has certainly left his mark on the ol’ mag, his intensely practical constructional articles in particular having created for him a most enviable reputation in amateur radio. This sounds a lot like an obituary, and indeed that is about the way we feel. He is riot lost to amateur radio, tho, and in fact probably will have more leisure to pound amateur brass than he did at Hq. It is needless to say that our best wishes go with him. Incidentally, we’ll now expect to see a “Calls Heard” department in the ].R.E. Proceedings. Hi! Mr. Harold P. Westman, 1AL, for the past year in charge of the A.R.R.L. In- formation Service, becomes the new as- sistant technical editor. Having a long and varied amateur experience, particularly in the field of construction, he is well equipped for his new duties. And now for an announcement somewhat extraordinary. Mr. Ross A. Hull, ex-oa3JU, and honorary federal secretary of the Wire- less Institute of Australia, is in this country to study American radio methods, particu- larly American amateur radio. To get a better close-range picture of the American ham in action, Mr. Hull has temporarily associated himself with A.R.R.L. Head- quarters and is now in charge of our In- formation Service. We can wax warmly enthusiastic over this idea, even tho it is near zero outside to-day. We used to go to the west coast and south for Headquarters men, so that we might have a staff truly national in its viewpoint. Now we find ourselves with a man from the Antipodes, fitting testimony to the interna- tional growth of amateur radio. This is good for us; we get fresh viewpoints on every subject, many new ideas. We hope it will prove equally beneficial to the Aus- tralian amateurs to have their secretary acquainted with the inside picture of the American amateur—the ideas he acquires Wes deep regret QST announces the here are bound to draw us closer. One can day-dream over this thought a bit and visualize the amateur societies of the world in the not too distant future exchanging their officers like the universities exchange pro- fessors to-day, acquiring invaluable experi- ence with new problems, exchanging ideas with mutual benefit, and ripening into wider appreciation of the possibilities of our in- ternational relations. Oh for that endow- ment! VER wonder what the Government E thinks of us amateurs? The follow- ing is quoted from the annual report of the Chief Signal Officer of the Army: “For many years the Signal Corps has taken keen interest in the amateur radio operators of the country, who have many times aroused the admiration of the nation by their contribution to radio development and research, by the tremendous distances they have frequently bridged with their low- powered inexpensive home-built sets, and by the devotion they have displayed in trans- mitting important information when normal channels of communication have been de- stroyed. Thru the hearty codperation of the American Radio Relay League and the unceasing efforts of the army corps area commanders and their signal officers, close and cordial affiliations with the amateur operators have been established. As a re- sult there has been opened up a new and vast network of radio channels of communica- tion which will be of great potential value in time of emergency. And there has been made available to the Signal Corps a large reservoir of radio operators who will have received most valuable training in time of peace and who can be more quickly adapted to military needs in time of emergency. The establishment of such close contact with the radio amateur is a step toward better preparedness.” And from the annual report of the Com- missioner of Navigation, Department of Commerce, the following: “On June 30th there were 14,902 active amateur radio stations in the United States. i a Amateurs in this country are taking advantage of all improvements made in the art and are inclined to more readily adopt new ideas than is possible with the larger stations where much experimenting must be done before changes are made which involve large expenditures of time and money. Practically all amateurs are now using con-

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8 Q tinuous-w mitters, many of them having c1 With the amateurs, the spark nsidered obsolete as is the cryst 1g set.” Aren’t timonials bully, fellows? We mu that we may continue to be he h regard, ND o legislation! Not that we ery much, as amateurs, but f other people want it. At tl Congressional confer- ence con to be in a beautiful deadlock f the politicians complain of the “‘t amount of propaganda which lroitly disseminated in favor of t radio bill.” Surest thing you know! be all wet but we can’t get over ction that for years and years the has been to get the vari- ous rad reconciled to a single radio adn e idea, and now that they all agree cians won't give it to them, for f their own. We think we are saf i\ying that there is now agreement art. The National Co- érdinating ttee, representing about all branches of t, including our A.R.R.L., has repo! favor of the form of ad- ministrat led in the House ( White) bill, that istration under the De- partment mmerce. Propaganda adroitly ated? We think not—it seems t the long-awaited agree- ment wit Then why not legis- lation? nly suspect that radio has now becor rtant a factor in Ameri- ean life ticians opposed to Mr. Hoover nt to see him receive the tremendo which will accrue to his departmer 1 successful administra- tion. Ir ve had no legislation be- cause n determine what the art really wat we now to be denied it from of political expediency? S ar ney measure in radio ad- A mir the President signed Cor | Joint Resolution 125 on Decemb«s hich thereupon became law, by the which it is now necessary for all nts for a_ station license, whether renewal, to submit with their apr “wavelength waiver”. By this the applicant “waives any righ laim of right, as against the U: to any wavelength, or to the ust ther in radio transmission, because license to use the same or becau use thereof.” Alth marily at the broadcasters, this re unfortunately applies also to coasta hip stations, amateurs, ex- periment —every kind of station. Its purp edly is to prevent a broad- caster f1 ting a million dollars and then cl it he has a “vested in- length whether the Gov- terest” S T February, 1927 ernment is willing or no. We do not see that it has any particular effect upon us amateurs. We don’t see that our refusal to sign it would guarantee us any rights that we otherwise would lose. It is also to be noted that it is now the law of the United States that it must be signed to get a license. We don’t think that we amateurs have a claim, as against the United States, to the use of the ether, for we admit that we operate under regulations that the govern- ment creates to grant us privileges. Our right to operating territory in the frequency spectrum is a moral one, based upon the fact that our existence is justified by the results we produce and by our value to the country, and these are things that no one can take away from us. The signing of the waiver does not invalidate our claim, as against other radio interests, to adequate wave-bands if the government permits any operation whatever in the waves we are in- terested in. We therefore see no objec- tion to the execution of the waiver by ama- teurs applying for new or renewal station licenses. K. B. W. Financial Statement Y order of the Board of Directors the following statement of the income and disbursements of the American Radio Relay League for the third quarter of 1926 is published for the information of the membership. K. B. WARNER, Secretary. STATEMENT OF REVENUE AND EXPENSES FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPT. 30, 1926. REVENUE Advertising sales ............. 20,249.76 Newsdealer sales vent . 11,598.38 Newspaper syndicate sales ...... 500.32 Dues and subscriptions .......... 7,955.29 Back numbers, etc. ..........+++. 45.86 PEED on dG 5 cdc0ds, Cosetenesese 167.00 DCRUEE GROUND 0.0 660 cccccdes cece 167.71 Cash discounts earnel ......... 384.96 $41,069.28 Deduct : Returns and allowances ........ 4,231.10 Provision for reserve for newsdealer returns ........... 5 Discount 2% for cash .......... 282. Exchange and collection charges ] 4,586.44 Net Revenue 36,482.84 Publication expenses ........... $12,372.58 Pe Ladle cb bbbe c GNe c cdbsdd ood 11,654.35 Newspaper syndicate expenses 367.55 Forwarding expenses ........... 455.81 Telegraph, telephone and postage 1,697.24 Office supplies and general GEES con. cog ee ce svesewonncecss 1,866.47 Rent, light and heat ............ 887.80 Traveling expenses ............. 485.92 Depreciation of furniture and 0 ree re eer 211.43 Bad debts written off ... 529.47 Communications Dept. field expenses she abehBe see cewer 101.95 Total Expenses 30,630.57 Net Gain from Operations $ 5,852.27 de eee

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Co ee ee ee ee February, 1927 How Our Tube Circuits Work QSsT No. 3, The Colpitts Circuit By Robert S. Kruse, Technical Editor HEN one starts to explain the Colpitts circuit it is necessary to start on an entirely fresh trail or else start over the same trail and branch off sharply. Let us do the second of these. Referring back again to Figure 1 you will recall that we began with the “plain audion” 1f 1A, converted it into the “tickler feed- back” scheme of 1B, then into the receiving circuit of 1C and finally into the trans- mitting circuit of 1D. Taking another start we (in Figure 7) developed the tickler feed- back circuit of 7A into the Armstrong tuned- plate tuned-grid circuit of 7C. This performance of Figure 7 is important in considering the Colpitts circuit, for it pointed out that we could have feedback and oscillation without any magnetic coupling between coils; one can get the necessary feedback through the tube itself. CAPACITY FEEDBACK That is the important thing—we can operate with magnetic feedback thru a pair of coils or one can operate with electric feedback thru the tube capacity. Usually we call the magnetic feedback systems (Hartley, tickler, Meissner) by the sloppy and inexact name of “inductive” feedback systems. The Armstrong and Colpitts systems are quite correctly known as capacity-feedback sys- tems. Personally I prefer to say “magnetic feedback” and “electric feedback’”’. The main thing to be learned from Figure 7 was just the one point, that we can oper- ate with electric feedback thru the tube ca- pacity. Let us remember that and forget the rest of Figure 7 entirely in what follows. In various places there has already been shown the “fundamental Hartley” circuit which here appears as Fig. 9A. Study this diagram carefully. You will notice that it has a tuned circuit which consists of L,, L. and C,, all in series. The grid is tied to one end of this tuned circuit, the plate is tied to the other and the filament is connected to a center-tap (roughly) on the coil. That is very important and is the rule under which all of our oscillating circuits work—at any instant the grid voltage is opposite to the nlate voltage and the filament is somewhere in between. If the thing isn’t put together that way it will not oscillate. If it is put together that way the chance of oscillation is very good. Now let us look for a moment at Fig. 9B. This is the tuned circuit of the Hartley ar- It is two coils in series with a condenser, a tap being taken off between the two coils. (You ean look at it as a single-tapped coil if you care to) Now look at Fig. 9C. Here we have two rangement with the tube taken off. condensers in series with a coil. It is the same thing as 9B except that the coils and Circuil sar sels n Grid © Migh voltage Migh —_ Ve FIG. 1 condensers have been swapped around. In 9B we center-tapped the coil, in 9C we have center-tapped the condenser. In both cases the point 2 is at a voltage which is some- where between 1 and 3. Talking about both coils at once we can say that at a moment when the r.f. voltage at 1 is plus then it will be minus at 3 and nearly zero at 2. THE COLPITTS CIRCUIT Good! We have that perfectly clearly in mind and can proceed to make up an oscilla-

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10 tor using one of 9B where th« side in \ A we agai B the tu can see ai work beca plate sup} rangement can make series 4 Th rm ; ULL T green iw TH) eenete FIG usual Col; one and w' for the sal circuits ar able form grid-leak to the fila to keep rf In the Col strictly mn C, in the 1 ful effect in the pat caused by ' we could { omit the g circuits w* QSsST February, 1927 of 9C instead of the have done in Fig. 10, ts are shown side by s of development. At fundamental circuits, at een connected but one it the circuits will not Hartley circuit has the 1 and the Colpitts ar- late circuit open. We tley circuit work as a irrangement but the ® (Someas 2 F) SUNOAMENTAL " MARTLEY C/RCUIT | WARTLEY C/ROWT CUT DOWN AS FAR AS POSSIBLE 4 vs Ls D4 © “WE/SSNER ning apacily Cgp o—3 ® WN AS FAR AS POSS/BLE ARTLEY AND MEISSNER WRONG ement is a shunt-fed ike them both shunt-fed parison. In Fig. 9C both n their simplest work- that in both we have the i from the grid directly a small choke in series lown as much as possible. uit this arrangement is \ leak connected across vould not have any use- ere still would be a gap grid current—the gap e Hartley arrangement put the leak across C. and e if we pleased. In both id to add Cs to act as a grid condenser and C; to act as a plate- blocking condenser, that is to say a con- denser which blocks the plate supply and prevents it from getting into the rest of the system. If this condenser were omitted from the Hartley arrangement we would have the plate supply short-circuited thru i ® { a ] PATE -TICKLER al AGAIN (Some as 9 4a) ® DE -COUPLED - WO OSCHLATION (Some as ig 44) THe L a” 7 QSCILLATION RESTORED BY TUVING PLATE COM MV. (Cendemental Arm- circuit) FIG.7 DEVELOPING THE ARMSTRONG CIRCUIT FROM THE PLATE TICKLER L:. In the Colpitts arrangement the only bad effect would be to put the plate supply on the stators of C: and C., also on Li, there- by making the set “hot” to the touch and re- quiring that both C, and C, stand the plate voltage in addition to the r.f. voltage. It is generally better to use C; except at very short waves—of which you will hear more later. MODIFIED COLPITTS CIRCUITS Looking back at the other circuits we have talked about one will notice that their differ- ences are mainly in ease of control and ad- justment. The final output from any of them is about the same—in spite of all the violent personal opinions on that point. So too, the Colpitts circuit is different from the others mainly in the way in which it controls. For instance—suppose that we wish to change (slightly) the wavelength of the Colpitts and Hartley circuits of Fig. 10C. For the Hartley circuit we have only to move the condenser C; and the thing is done. It is not that simple for the Colpitts cir- cuit. If we move C; we do change the wave- length—but we also upset the grid feedback and must readjust C.. C. in turn changes the wavelength a little and we must re-set C; to get the right wavelength again. This is what we call an “interlocking” adjustment and is likely to be a great nuisance. There are several ways of getting around it—and we will take the most complicated ones first oy ete See

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ss RP tg aemmmettl. :as meneame February, 1927 because they are the ones that have been used the longest. Looking at Fig. 10D we see that two changes have been made; a 4th clip has been added and the condenser C;, has been made variable. By moving the extra clip one is able to adjust the grid feedback in much the same free way as in the Hartley circuit—and the clip is not necessarily “‘out- side” of clip 3 though I have happened to show it that way. The movement of this clip does not have a very great tuning effect, . W L, 4 + @) L, (Some as 2 F) 3 FUNDAMENTAL HY HARTLEY CIRCUIT I L, lL; FIG QA-HARTLEY & COLPITS at least no more than in the case of the Hartley circuit. The variable grid condenser can be under- stood easily enough, the smaller the capacity there the more nearly the grid is cut loose and hence the less feedback. Now we can make some general rules. Increasing C; raises the wavelength and also raises the grid feedback. Increasing C raises the wavelength but cuts down the grid feedback. By working C: and C, together we can evidently run the wave up and down without much effect on the feedback, there- fore the tube will keep on working evenly. If we don’t wish to do that we can change C: and C: and make up for the effect by adjusting C. or clip 4. We do not need to use both clip 4 and Cs. The clip will be better at short waves where one cannot stand a lot of additional “junk” in the set, otherwise C, is probably handier. QST 11 THE HOFFMAN ARRANGEMENT It isn’t my intention to blame a particu- lar circuit arrangement on one man unless I am sure that he is guilty. The “balanced” form of the Colpitts circuit will here be x HARTLEY ~ COLPITS S | ® — v> L, a We ~ fund tal Y ‘ SL Gl" 4aring circuit ~. ' z = — ay —- . “~ “2 +8 RFC => a => | Tube connected 7 ~ to fundamental - | = ~ Creuse (rot = | workable) ~ FP Simplest workable orm B+ RFC Cy feedback control >a c 3 in @ Colpits © 2." ' = set = = ol o— © —| ib 3 The Hot¥man - rec = L, arrangement us 2a = no plate choke o L *e} 4 T& Ll; Ho timan ar ent using neither plate nor grid choke © Suggested modificati of Hoffman arrangement FIG.10 COLPITS CIRCUITS called by the name of W. H. Hoffman of the Burgess Laboratories purely because there should be some handy way of referring to it, and most of us have heard of it in con-

Page 14

nection w used it at cluding 5 Reduce man arra! will be sex and 10D is C:; is mis being fed This may since it t helix an FIG there i memberi! will recal find a When wi was a condense T have no ring to Fis rf. voltag: There is d There this “dis a thunder chokes; things At right. D to try a for an r.f ADJUSTID Natur: arrange QST 9XH where Hoffman has ner of wavelengths, in- i below implest form the “Hoff- ’ is shown in Fig. 10E. It he difference between this e plate-blocking condenser | that the plate supply is middle of the coil Li-L.. a senseless rene high-voltage d.c. on the iriable condensers but Ls @ (#@¢ again) 7 , 3. mY = t /eak J LLL it © ., Uitraudion wen CEC, cl down a & ULTRAUDION ison for the change. Re- the Hartley circuit you was always possible to age point” on the helix. the Colpitts circuit there point between the two well, these two points between them. Refer- his means that there is no n point 2A and point 2B. re—but no r.f. eem to be much point to ntil one remembers what me we have with our r-f. are satisfied that the od—and usually we are t, then seem worth while which there is no need the plate circuit? \LANCED ARRANGEMENT wants to use a balanced nust be sure that the February, 1927 thing is really balanced. If C, and C: have the same capacity then L:; and L. will be about equal, but if C: is larger the arrange- ment will be in balance again when the B- plus tap is moved down so as to make L. smaller. You read that correctly—L: must be made smaller when C: is made l: rger. An easy way to make the first adjustment is to put an R.F. choke in the B-plus lead and to try hunting for r.f. voltages between 2A and 2B by means of a short wire with a good mica condenser cut into it—any capacity but good enough to stand the plate voltage plus. lf you get fireworks between the two points anyone can see that we do not have the same voltage at 2A and 2B, therefore the clip at 2B must be reset. Don’t worry too much about this adjustment—even if you are off a bit you can leave the r.f.c. in the plus lead and call the adjustment good enough; the choke will certainly have less work to do than if it went directly to the plate in the usual way. NO CHOKES AT ALL The grid choke is still with us—and it too can be gotten rid of. In Fig. 10F we have broken the helix by means of a very large capacity C,. It need not run up a micro- farad but simply be 10 times the capacity of the tuning condensers. This condenser will not have much effect on the arrangement of rf. voltages in the circuit, hence we can stick to the previous assurance that the r.f. plate choke will not be able to create much trouble. C; does however give us two points 2B and 2C which are at almost the same r.f. voltage but insulated at dic. We can then connect the grid-leak return to 2B and the B plus to 2C without upsetting anything at all and will not need an r.f. grid choke since 2A and 2B do not have any r.f. voltage between them. The only remaining thing is to tie C, and C. together mechanically, whereupon we have a very simple arrangement that will work down to short waves nicely and be rather easy to adjust at all waves, except as to tube efficiency. About the only control on that is by changing the grid-leak. Per- sonally I would like this circuit better with the grid tied to a separate clip as in 10G— though I will admit that this partly does away with one of the main advantages of the Colpitts circuit—the removal of the double-tuning effect at short waves. EXTREME SHORT-WAVE OPERATION This double-tuning effect is the biggest nuisance of short-wave work. When we used a Hartley circuit and cut it down to short waves we wound up with a circuit that operated on the tube capacity only—and it is a poor enough arrangement as is amply testified by the horrible noises made by the average U. S. 20-meter station. When one

Page 15

= he , oa February, 1927 tries to steady the thing up by using a con- denser the helix must be cut down still further and there results two tuned circuits -one thru the tube and one thru the con- denser—which are nearly enough alike so that the tube jumps back and forth, making an almost unreadable mess and creating a good deal more “audio fading” than ever really happened in the ether. The same effect was observed in the Meissner circuit of Fig. 5 which is here re- produced for a quick review. The Armstrong circuit behaved better as regards double tuning and the Colpitts cir- cuit provides the easiest way out of the whole difficulty. Unless I am greatly mis- taken it is very much the steadiest of our circuits at 5 meters with 50.watt tubes, and even at 20 meters it should show an ad- vantage with these tubes which get down with the least ease of any that I know of. These situations seem likely to be improved soon—but that is in the future. CUTTING DOWN THE COLPITTS CIRCUIT Suppose now that we start to cut down a Colpitts circuit and see what happens. In Fig. 11A we again have the familiar (I hope) “Simplest workable Colpitts circuit”’. In 1B we have moved the plate-blocking condenser with no particular effect except to put plate voltage on the stator of C,, which isn’t important as long as one does not touch the stator. The grid-leak has also been transferred to the center of the helix after the Hoffman fashion. This is still a Colpitts circuit—but wait. Suppose now that we start to tune down by reducing C: and C: until we have cut C and C: down to nothing—-in other words removed them. This gives us 11C, which is the familiar old “Ultraudion”, possibly the daddy of all our oscillatory tube circuits— though I refuse to be quoted as having said that such was the case. Whether or not the Ultraudion and the Colpitts circuit are the same thing. I don’t care to say, for several very excellent reasons. One of these is that I am not an authority on tube patents and another is that there are several possible ways of reasoning on the thing—and the results of these lines of reasoning are not the same. THE ULTRAUDION The important thing for us is that there is such a thing as the Ultraudion, that it works, and that it can be understood by working from the Colpitts circuit as we have just done. Having the Ultraudion of Fig 11C we can see that the tuned circuit must consist of the coil L1-L2 in series with the capacity between the plate and grid. That being the case we can cut down the wavelength by the simple process of reducing L1 and L2. This gives us the circuit of 11D which is our star QsST 13 A- BALANCED VALLAUR/ PLATE DIRECT COUPLED GRIDS INDUCTIVELY COUPLEO thts ~ B - BALANCED HARTLEY PLATE & GRID DIRECT COUPLED C - BALANCED MEISSNER PLATES & GRIDS INDUCTIVELY COUPLED > age OES 5 INIT iL W D - BALANCED MODIFIED COLPITS PLATE CAPACITY COUPLED GRID INDUCTIVELY COUPLED FIG. 12—BALANCED CIRCUITS WITH PLATE CHOKE

Page 16

Qs T February, 1927 performer on extreme short waves. I have never had this arrangement fail to work on a frequency of 60,000,000 cycles per second (5-meter wavelength) with any tube that happened to come handy. The DeForest H- tube gets down to 1-meter with this circuit and operates steadily. A 50-watter does not care about going down that far but will consider 3 meters. I do not know how far down the UX-210 will go, but 3 meters is B - Meissner-like nothing at all. Note though that the grid arrangement leak and the plate feed are connected close to the stopping condenser. The thing will not work decently otherwise for every evi- dent reasons. It is also necessary to use r.f. chokes that are of some good. THE MANY MODIFICATIONS There is no end to the modifications of fae these circuits that can be made. In some contr top ~~ of them the antenna serves as one of the eettn e.3 condensers—and these are “out” for A.R. R.L. by our agreement with the Depart- ment of Commerce. Obviously any one of these various circuits can be coupled to the antenna in any one of the half-dozen ways that we are accustomed to, and the antenna +B D- Coils combined can be of any sort desired. These things — os have little or nothing to do with the sort of primary circuit used. THE VALLAURI CIRCUITS One modification does “rate” some atten- tion. This is the “back to back” circuit ~ pce shown in Fig. 12A which is taken rom a Bureau of Standards paper by E. S. ¢ 5 fp entines Purrington. Note that this arrangement adjustable does not operate the tubes “back to back” in the usual amateur fashion where a.c. supply is used and the tubes work alternately. In the Vallauri scheme the intention is to use d.c. supply and to make the tubes work to- gether in a sort of “push-pull” manner. F Proper returns The same general idea can be applied to to’ filament circuit our well-known circuits. Examples of this are shown in Figs. 12B, 12C and 12D. Closely related to all of these is the familiar Mesny arrangement of Fig. 13G and 13H which differs in not having the choke in the common plate lead. In the estimation of Mr. Purrington this may materially change the nature of the tube performance and those trying the circuit are advised to try the choke also. The size of the choke is not important—it is there simply to keep the supply current steady and must be large enough for that purpose. If it is not there is a possibility of harmonic currents in the plate supply lead, which may damage the efficiency of the arrangement. Major Raven-Hart suggests that both Eccles and Jordan have some claim to this general sort of circuit and shows the varia- tions given in Figure 13 A, B, C and D which are shown by Eccles and Jordan in a Radio RCUITS NOT USING PLATE CHOKE Review article of 1919. In this connection

Page 17

ee ces - me February, 1927 Mr. Purrington says that Vallauri in 1917 showed a balanced arrangement with the plate direct-coupled to the load and the grid inductively coupled. This gets things nicely mixed up and we seem at liberty to call our present arrangements Vallauri, Mesny, Eccles or whatever we wish. Having gotten into the habit I shall probably continue to use Vallauri’s name without thereby “tak- ing sides”. From Major Raven-Hart’s letter are also taken the several variations in the latter part of Fig. 13 which more or less explain themselves. All work along the general scheme of the circuits in the Purrington paper which makes very interesting reading for one interested in tube circuits. GENERAL That must close the present discussion. Variations of all sorts can be made, but there is not the sign of a need for explain- ing all of them. Having gotten a few of them thoroughly “licked” the experimenter has a basis for understanding the rest if he will only use it fully. Whenever there turns up a circuit that “works but shouldn’t” the explanation is simple—the circuit is not working as you think it is. Study will show that the affair is acting reasonably. Nature obeys her own laws every time. A Small Neutralizing Condenser T is mighty handy to have a neutralizing condenser that won’t take up as much room as the active tuning units. As they need only be adjusted once, the smaller they are the better. The one in the illustration is of novel de- sign and has a range of from two to fifty micromicrofarads. Ad- justment is made by screwing down on the screw passing through the center of the phos- pher bronze plate. The plate is so shaped that as it is pressed down by the adjusting screw it gradually flattens out and is practically flat when it is tight against the lower plate. The lower plate is made of brass and there is a piece of mica stuck to it to prevent short circuiting when the screw is down tight. The base is of bakelite. It is designed to be mounted directly on the binding posts of the socket or condenser. It may be used to adjust gang condensers so that they run together. The top plate may be reversed so as to have the lug on the opposite side if this is desirable. The device is manufactured by the Hammarlund Manufacturing Company of New York City. —H. P. W. A Neat Wavemeter HE wavemeter which appears below is ‘Tes exceedingly neat job. [t is built into a mahogany cabinet and is supported on an aluminum panel with a hammered fin- ish. The condenser is a Cardwell “taper plate”, having a maximum capacity of 250 upfd The dial is a Marco vernier type mounted below the panel, the scale show- ing through a window in the panel. Two coils are ordinarily supplied. They are wound on machine-notched hard rubber tub- ing with number 18 bare wire, silver plated. The coils are fitted with long silver-plated posts terminating in General Radio plugs which fit the mounting terminals in either a vertical or horizontal manner. The range with the smaller coil (shown in the mount- ing) is from 18 to 45 meters and the range with the other coil is from 40 to 110 meters. A small Neon gas lamp is shunted across the condenser, being mounted on clips fitted to the two mounting pillars. This lamp has practically no thermal lag or drag. The case of the meter is shielded with brass sheet formed into a box, all joints being thoroughly soldered. A calibration chart with curves for both coils and a handy reference table giving the wavelength at five points on each coil, are mounted in the lid of the case, under cellu- loid. The meter can be supplied with coils of other ranges at no additional cost. It is a nice job and is being manufactured by E. B. Duvall of Edmonston, Maryland. —/J. M. C. .— Me Stray ss Speaking of our dear old Rettysnitch, one of the stenos in the office recently typed it Jennysnitch. Hi!

Page 18

W orde I helpfu side rat Ther generat that : power-st of pha it cant In « radio necessary which ta! it is to | have th tuned st stitutes tube, I is the the cond: grid-filar convenie! on the series \ pressed ance to | any other is tuned t this input dition pr the flow the arrov have a < determin« equal to the resist This cur ductance in Illinois AMENTAL QsT February, 1 Frequency Transformer Design in Voltage-Stabilized Systems By F. J. neern ourselves in this vith the design of one type tabilized, tuned radio fre- amplifier system. In ease clearly it is very juickly the general con- nding a tuned r.f. stage. methods of limiting re- radio-frequency amplifier, ilancing, that of loss-or and, more recently; that ite circuit energy so that n the grid circuit. rstand the design of a transformer fully it is = = | | To neck _ = €, tase jm « | i") CIRCUIT OF ONE Ff. AMPLIFIER STAGE first analyze the action n the system with which Referring to Figure 1, we mental circuit of the one h an amplifier. L, C, con- | input to the amplifier insformer primary and L; which, when tuned with mpresses a voltage on the 1it of the next tube. It is n the voltage impressed he first stage as a small , which may be either im- lly, thru mutual induct- , (from a primary) or in ent manner. The circuit nee with the frequency of , e, and when in this con- minimum impedance to t circulating indicated by LC cireuit. Therefore we ng current I,, whose value is Ohm’s law and is therefore pressed voltage divided by f the tuned circuit, or e/R. n circulating thru the in- up a voltage E: across

er, 5723 Winthrop Ave., Chicago, Marco* the LC circuit, which is usually much larger than e. The voltage E: is the ac. grid potential of the tube and controls, in the usual manner, the electron flow of the tube. This control gives rise to an a.c. plate cur- rent, IL, which is of the same frequency and character as I, but of greater magni- tude. The current flows thru the primary of the transformer L., which transfers energy to its secondary circuit L; C:, in the same manner giving rise to the voltage E:, of the same frequency as E: but of greater magnitude, which is the input voltage to the next tube. The ratio of E; to E; is called the “voltage gain per stage”, and in the usual system is somewhere between 5 and 20, although very poor systems may give less than 5 and extremely efficient laboratory receivers may give more than 20. (The writer has worked with stages giv- ing as high as 65 non-regenerative voltage gain.) It should be understood that the above analysis and sample figures refer to the non-regenerative gain per stage, which can be multiplied to considerable extent when regenerative contribution is allowed to take place. It is well known that this regenera- tion arises from two main factors as fol- lows. The current, I., circulating in the plate circuit, gives rise to an inductive voltage E: across the primary of the transformer, L.. This voltage, reacting upon the grid input voltage E., thru the tube inter- electrode capacity, Cm, is of such phase re- lation that it reinforces E, and therefore the tube input. This condition may reach a steady state before self-oscillation main- tains (giving rise to a contributory re- generative effect) or it may be sufficient to cause actual steady generation, depending upon the design of the various circuits, tube characteristics, etc. The oscillation or regeneration may be completely eliminated or partly suppressed by one of three methods. A. We may neutralize the feed-back thru the tube capacity, in any of several manners. B. We may limit the value of E: by loss-stabilizing, or change the character- istics of cither the tube or tuned circuit so that steady oscillation cannot maintain or; We may change the phase of E., (by plate circuit design), so that it cannot either reinforce or detract from the grid voltage. The first of these is the bridge circuit

Page 19

February, 1927 method, the second is loss or power stabili- zation and the third, the zero-reactance plate circuit method. Though representative examples are shown in Fig. 2, this paper does not concern itself with a comparison of the three stabilization methods from the efficiency standpoint. It is fairly true that m™ BULLE LLL in Gupling Less (7ranSformerz) Tube Loss (Plate reuster method B-Loss-STaBiLiZED SYSTEMS 3 fol -4=0 : em XI=0 UI C-ZERO REACTANCE PLATE CIRCUIT REPRESENTATIVE EXAMPLES OF STA- BILIZING METHODS FIG, 2. in a large number of stages the bridge sys- tems are better than the loss-stabilized, while the reverse may be true when only one or two stages are used, (contrasting highly regenerative loss-stabilized stages with well-balanced bridge stages where re- generation is practically nil). The third method (zero reactance plate circuit). is still too new and untried to make a fair statement regarding its merits. So much for the review. The Loss Method In the design of a loss-stabilized receiver it should be noted that regeneration and oscillation are due to seven main factors, a QsT 17 variation in any one of which, either ag- gravates or nullifies the tendency. These are The voltage factor of the tube (Mu) The plate resistance of the tube (Rp) The grid-plate capacity of the tube (Cm) PLATE CIRCUIT STABILIZATION The resistance of the tube’s plate cir- cuit is the resistance to electron flow from filament to plate. It is determined by the applied voltage from the B battery. A variable high resistance in the B line feed- ing the r.f. amplifier tubes will allow con- trol of applied plate voltage, and therefore as a secondary effect, control of the in- ternal plate resistance. Since oscillation and regeneration are dependent upon the plate resistance of the tube, a variation in tube resistance will vary the regenerative effect and therefore control oscillation. Figure 3 is a curve showing the char- acteristics of the average UX-201-A tube, which is used as the amplifier. As the plate voltage applied is varied the internal plate resistance naturally also varies, in the manner shown. While this va- riation is automatic when the high resistance (oscillation control) is varied, it is worthwhile that we have a physical conception of the amount of plate voltage necessary to result in a given plate resistance. The plate load is varied by juggling the size of the primary coil and its relation to the sec- ondary. This, of course, is not a variable control, and after being once de- termined in the design of the system, must of necessity be allowed to remain constant. Almost by inspection it can be seen that FIG. 3. PLATE RESIST- ANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN AVERAGE UX-201- A TUBE USED AS AN AMPLIFIER an extreme in either direction is undesir- able. Low tube amplification combined with high transformer amplification, or vice versa, will not be as effective as a compromise between the two. A large plate load, which means an efficient trans- former, will necessitate an extremely high tube plate resistance to suppress oscilla- tion while a low plate resistance, as repre- sented by a good tube with a high plate voltage will allow only a very small primary

Page 20

18 QST February, 1927 plus mutu ictance which means poor sign. The resistance-frequency curve of stage trar energy. In either case such a coil is illustrated in Figure 4, and the stag: tion will be low and it the coil itself in the appended photograph. is reason ippose that an optimum The inductance of its secondary is 234 microhenries, to tune the spectrum with the usual 350 picofarad condenser. Figure 5 is a curve showing the non-re- generative voltage gain per stage at 300 meters, of a tube and transformer combin- ation having the characteristics as Figs., PG ENC eee 3 and 4, when the plate reactive load (the AN R.F. TRANSFORMER “Ze of the primary), is varied. These SECONDARY CIRCUIT curves may either be calculated from the . tube and transformer constants or may be obtained by actually measuring the gain per stage in the laboratory. In the latter case, a resistance rather than an inductive input is used so that the stage will not go into oscillation and confuse the results by relation « h when determined will give max 1in under the prevailing conditior igh this optimum condi- tion is u iched by a cut-and-try method gn of such systems its theoretic s is interesting and val- uable in mination of the proper —_~ee e

5. VARIATION OF GAIN AT DIFFERENT PLATE VOLTAGES AGAINST CHANGES IN THE PRIMARY-SECONDARY RELATION The curves are made for a wavelength of 300 meters = - same principle may be applied at other wave- lengths. regenerative contribution. Although this regenerative contribution actually figures — in the final result, a Se be — )RMER USED IN OBTAINING = sidered separately and added later. e ——— = “low-loss” construction From an inspection of Fig. 5 it would i ‘octor in transformer de- seem that the most desirable point of op-

bridge In pr necessary paratus v function The tune cided) sh tor. that ratio (ré square is an in

Page 21

February, 1927 eration would be at the highest gain, which would be at optimum primary for the low- est plate resistance. (This would be true in the bridge or zero-reactance plate-load circuits, but is not true in the present case.) Unfortunately, it is found that the stage will go into violent oscillation long before this optimum load is reached, when in the operating condition, that is, with inductive input. It is next necessary to determine the amount of postive reac- tance necessary to make the circuit os- cillate. Fig. 6 shows curves taken at three fre- quencies (corresponding to 200, 300 and 550 meters respectively) between the val- ues of plate reactance necessary to produce critical regeneration and tube plate re- sistance. The curves could be obtained mathematically with a knowledge of the tube and circuit charactersitics, but they are modified greatly by practise conditions and therefore are much more easily and accurately determined experimentally, by the method outline in Fig. 6. Taking the 300 meter curve of Fig. 6 it is seen that the tube will oscillate, with the given cir- cuit characteristics, with a positive plate reactance of less than 100 ohms! Note the great discrepancy between this value and the 6500 ohms necessary for the op- timum primary. As the plate resistance is increased the amount of reactance to produce oscillation is also increased. Figure 7 is an amplified section of the low- er portion of Figure 5, drawn more ac- curately and to a much larger scale. The ‘Jocus of intersections” curve (which de- termines the maximum gain) is obtained in the following manner. “or each plate resistance (plate voltage) in Figure 5 a value of critical reactance is determined from the curve of Figure 6 and then set upon the corresponding curve in Figure 7. This is (Fig. 5) for 6500 ohms plate resistance, (140 v.), we have, at 300 meters, an allowable plate reactance of 95 ohms for critical regeneration. This 95 ohms is then stepped off as an abscissa on curve 5, projected upward to the 6500- ohm curve and a point thereby determined. This is point A, for illustration, in Fig. 7. For each particular plate resistance a point is thus determined and the locus of intersection drawn in. The curve reaches a maximum which then gives optimum constants. Similar curves are drawn for other fre- quencies corresponding to the upper and lower limits of the Teosdeast spectrum. These optimum values, thus determined, are naturally not the same as those for 300 meters, but it has been found that, since the peaks of these curves are so flat around their maximum points, little is lost by designing the system for best conditions at some point near the middle of the spectrum and merely readjusting QsST 19 the plate resistor for critical regeneration at other frequencies. PERFORMANCE OF ONE STAGE At first glance (Fig. 7) it would seem that the stage gain of these systems even at their optimum point, is extremely low when compared with that for other means of _ oscillation suppression. (3.75 as against 25.0.) When this is compared with the 10-15 and even 20-per-stage gains shown in some commercial forms of bridge balanced receivers it would indicate great superiority of the bridge circuits. ow- ever, it should be remembered that these are non-regenerative figures, which are nec- essarily multiplied by a large factor repre- senting the regenerative amplification, when the receiver is carefully adjusted. Near critical regeneration the regenerative contribution alone may be as high as 15 gs ry CIP TT Ted abe beskod okonds fod PLP FIG. 6. POSITIVE REACTANCE NECESSARY TO MAKE UX201-A TUBE OCSILLATE Input from coil shown in photograph; plate voltage variable, voltage factor of tube (Mu) equal to eight. times (Landon and Jarvies, I. R. E. Bulle- tin, page 749, Dec. 1925). Now 15 times 3.75 gives over 56 volts gain, a very good figure for a single stage, which may be even greatly increased by careful adjust- ment around the critical value. At the same time the relative selectivity is great- ly increased as frequencies slightly off re- sonance are not amplified nearly as much as are the true resonant frequencies. These factors indicate reasonable grounds for the statement that a single stage of uncompensated, controllably re- generative radio frequency amplification will perform as well, or outperform a two- stage bridge balanced system which has been perfectly neutralized and gains no regenerative contribution. The statement must be modified when some regeneration (as is most always the case), is used in the bridge system, as it naturally becomes more sensitive and selective under these conditions, THE MULTI-STAGE CASE Now if we use two stages of controllable regenerative amplification of the loss stab-

Page 22

ilized gain a sele ‘ tween pro ; ved, the fi Altar FIG. 7 ON AN IN¢ OF A CUR‘ This k curve the gain per tien” tun mat tive the this ALE eT rea usually inc! "PASE stage times unt am its util ‘ ity The stages is be« bal: ance with erative giving be Cas ber erat ten mu¢ oT ed ler creas tion give sec’ thir ta na d Thus of a sil the « design Incr rest thor rea ilt " ix This as thre: : in cor ; QsT discussed, we do not sensitivity, altho the ty to distinguish be- tations is greatly im- tra stage naturally aids a great deal but unfor- ORTION OF FIG. 5 REDRAWN ED SCALE WITH THE ADDITION 1OWING THE LIMITS FOR NON- RATIVE OPERATION. cus of intersections”, indicates before the “regenerative contribu- nal amplification is not because the regenera- the greater portion of tion in any system of this factor cannot be the number of stages although our two- nly show two or three a single stage (an ippreciable to the ear), therefore its general nereased. limiting the number of he foregoing statement cascading properties of ircuits as contrasted i circuits. Non-regen- balanced bridge stages, 10 gain per stage may yst any practical num- is not true of regen- red receivers, as the oscillation increases number of stages in- the overall amplifica- the first stage may hundred per stage, the 1 great deal less, and the than that, and so on. ll not give the square n, or three stages give best of the carefully but a great deal less. r five stages may even ise in overall gain, al- tivity is much better. métimes met in as low February, 1927 Thus far our data has been derived for a single stage (although two have been discussed) with no input losses (antenna or previous stage), and in the practical receiver design it is necessary to consider both the effect of regeneration and of these losses. an analysis, entirely mathe- matical, would be much more complicated than that of a single stage. Therefore the method shown in Fig 8, an experimental method, was evolved, which easily and quickly gives the proper solution. A two- stage amplifier is shown, with variable in- terstage — and a variable antenna input coil, (which is also incorporated in the commercial model). The input to the antenna coil is measured in the usual man- ner with antenna and ground resistances thought to be average in effect. The out- put of the system is measured across the input to the detector tube by the aid of the usual vacuum tube voltmeter. It is —— to have the detector tube con- nected, lighted and working into its usual plate load. This is imperative because of the damping effect of this tube upon its transformer secondary circuit, thereby modifying the transformer characteristics. A series of measurements of input-out- put ratios is then made, under the condi- tions of critical regeneration, (or just be- low), by varying both interstage primaries [edge Ls ai ine J he—- vw 4 —oleholot FIG. 8. A MEASUREMENT SET-UP USEFUL IN THE DESIGN OF MULTI-STAGE VOLTAGE- STABILIZED R.F. SYSTEMS at the same time and varying the two r.f. plate resistances by means of the variable resistor. The curves taken at different frequencies in the broadcast spectrum have the same general form as that of the locus of intersections in Figure 5, and are of the same general order, thus bearing out the previous work. Of course, the complete two stage setup shows somewhat greater gain than the single stage used in Figure 5 but the order of optimum circuit con- stants is within reasonable limits. The writer has used this method of de- signing receivers of the plate-resistance stabilized variety in a number of cases recently and the optimum relations brought about by its use have in every in- stance resulted in a far smoother and more satisfactory device than those resulting from the usual cut-and-try methods.

Page 23

{ : February, 1927 Developments in Tuned Inverse Duplex By David Grimes* QS T 21 Part 2 HE first of these two special articles on the new Inverse Duplex System which appeared in January QST, outlined the results of certain tests hat proved the fundamental soundness of duplex operation up to the limit of the tube. ° 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 WAVELENGTH IN METERS FIG. 1 R. F. AMPLIFICATION CURVES A General nature of curve obtained from usual R.F. amplifier with fixt coupling. B Nature of curve obtained by use of automat- circuit The small curves labeled “TRF” and “RGS” show in a qualitative way the difference in the selectivity ically increasing feedback in the R.G.S5. ments were developed entirely by laboratory measurements with certain definite objects in view and were never operated on actual broadcasting until the research work was completed. Thus, the various features involv- ingequal r.f. amplification and uniform selec. tivity were determined with accuracy. The radio frequency circuit was given first consideration. A laboratory or study was conducted on many of the more popular types of rf. cir- cuits. Certain defective trends were analyzed. With these limitations tabulated as shown below, a system- atic series of experiments was started to obtain sufficient data with which to suggest improvements. The common troubles in the standard rf. circuits were these: 1. Unequal r.f. amplification orpick- up at different wavelengths resulting in satisfactory reception of some sta- tions but poor results on others. * 2. Critical operating adjustments, necessitating considerable skill be- fore best results were obtainable. 3. Lack of uniform selectivity over the tuning range stations so that overlapping of stations occurred on certain sections of the tuning dials. of the two schemes at low und high ends of the ; pay ye = tuning range. They are simply resonance curves Curve ‘A in Figure 1 suggests the such as would be obtained with the tuning controls r.f. amplification efficiency of some fixed and the input constant as to power but varied It is to be understood that these curves do not relate to the scales on the main dia- as to frequency. common types of tuned radio fre- quency circuits. It is seen that such a gram. circuit performs excellently around Interference between the radio and io ' audio currents being amplified “ee tcToar L, it ee 2N0 AUDIO _ 380 audio thru the same tube was shown to : 5 Speoker . . a exist only when the instantaneous $3 3 voltages on the grid of that tube eanea | | waa a exceeded the negative grid bias, thus running the grid potential — = (395B 4}c sevB 27 135VB positive. By employing the stand- FIG.2 ard grid bias on the duplex stages and using a straight audio power amplifying tube before the loud speaker, sufficient audio output could be obtained to overload the power tube, itself, before any modulation or over- loading, occured in the duplex tubes. This article discusses the new radio and audio circuits developed for duplexing and completes the information by showing the application of these circuits to the new R.G.S. receiver. These new circuit arrange- *Grimes Radio Engineering Co. Inc., Grasmere Staten Island and Long Island City, New York. *The second of two articles, the first appeared in the January QST. THE BASIC AUDIO CIRCUIT WHICH APPEARS IN MODIFIED FORM IN THE R. G. S. RECEIVER 200 meters and that even low-power short- wave stations are picked up from great distances. At the longer wavelengths the amplificaton efficiency drops off very abruptly. This is caused mainly by the de- creased efficiency of the fixed coupling in the tuned transformers at the longer waves. The tendency of the primary wind- ings to load the plate circuits also helps at the short waves, while it is insufficient to produce much effect on the longer waves. Several attempts in the past to correct

Page 24

but rifice resist come signal occa ing bis denser” sistan stage forms waves. Of Q sulted in manual adjust- designed to prevent os- 1ort waves. These made al in adjustment and the short waves. year, automatic circuit been offered as a solu- r.f. amplification prob- were improvements, in istments were eliminated equal amplification was broadcast wavelengths s functioned by means nz in some couplings matically. lensers are position yssibilities dered for the new ng the In- +}, T February, 1927 ance coupling is a little more efficient whil impedance-impedance coupling is still mor efficient and is also able to handle a some- what larger output without choking. Three stages are however, still necessary to equa! the output delivered by two good trans- former-coupled stages.’ The deciding factor that ruled against either straight resistance or straight imped- ance coupling was determined as a result of a study on audio stability. With the use of any common source of “B” potential on the plates of the various tubes, the audio cur- stem, but require- selectivity iboratory suspicion coupling ed the tun- U oo!) 4 > = 20025 . tok &F Filter Corl 2000 increased nder mod- oadcasting electivity sacrificed? less selec- aggravate 44 22h 4 |11 ntly up wall as rrequency rned, this emporarily an investigation was anch of the set. Trans- being widely denounced impedance coupling was various groups as the eal music. Audio oscilla- were taken on the known certain theoretical weak- ipposedly ideal solutions in practice also. ty is certainly important obtained thru the sac- portant factors. Straight has a tendency to be- “choke up” when strong ed. The latter effect is an excessive and vary- the “grid-leak-and-con- mary in a detector. Re- is not efficient—three ‘equal to two good trans- tages. Impedance-resist- britain iby A+ er “ FIG. 3. THE CIRCUIT OF THE I. D. 8S. RECEIVER WHICH DIF- FERS FROM THE NEW R.G.S. ONLY IN THAT THE LATTER USES A 2-GANG CONDENSER AND THEREFORE HAS A SMALL “MAKEUP” VARIABLE CONDENSER CONNECTED ACROSS THE THIRD VARIABLE CONDENSER. SEE FIG. 6 FOR DETAILS rents flowing therein are compelled to pass through the source together. If this source has any appreciable internal impedance (as it usually has, especially after some use) it will act as a source of audio feedback in the audio amplifier. If this slight feedback is aiding or “positive”, an audio howl will result, particularly when a large audio gain is desired. In a* transformer-coupled am- 1. The tendency of the non-transformer types of audio amplification to choke on loud signals is to a considerable degree occasioned by too high a re- sistance between grid and filament. This may re- sult in the production of partial detection and con- sequently an audio output with insufficient and of deficient quality. In the “double-impedance” ar- rangement this can be rather easily minimized by the use of a grid impedance of moderate resistance. though high impedance. The bias supplied by the C-battery then becomes determining. In the resis- tance-capacity-resistance arrangement or the impe- dance-capacity-resistance arrangement an attempt to decrease this effect by decreasing the grid resistance automatically decreased the efficiency of amplification at the same time.—Tech. Ed.

Page 25

February, 1 plifier, the primary connections of the audio transformers may be so poled, or phased, that the plate currents flowing thru the common B-battery or eliminator will oppose one another. Thus the feedback may be made slightly opposing, creating stability by opposing any tendency for audio howl. In any form of straight resistance or im- pedance coupling this reversal of phase can- not be obtained.” A pleasant surprise was found in the im- proved types of audio transformers now on the market. It is of course well known that by utilizing an increased amount of iron and therefore an increased primary mpedance the long desired bass notes have been made to appear without sacrificing the high pitches. The one lacking essential in transformer coupling was thus supplied. But even with “perfect” transformers con- 2xo RF ist AF No.2 TuBE x 201-8 RETRNo.3 ist @F 2n0 AF No.) TUBE uxzoia RFTRNo2

A very htlle RF) \ at long waves \ ef Piller| 075 mb (Meg Coll /O00 2

Pom aes La ( ee _ a oo = A - STRAIGHT REFLEX rm Oe Cy

B — INVERSE DUPLEX FIG. 5 THE INVERSE DUPLEX ARRANGE- MENT SHOWN AGAIN TO EXPLAIN THE NEED FOR THE FILTER SYSTEM

Figure 2. Here a resistance-coupled stage is placed between the two transformer stages, so that grid and plate resonant feed- back is not possible. From Figure 2 it will be seen that the first audio tube, though having a high inductance. L, in its grid circuit is unable to regener- ate noticeably because its plate load is a 25,000-ohm resistance. In the same way the inductance L-2 in the plate circuit in the plate of the second audio tube has only a resistance in its respective grid. A plate resistance of only 25,000 ohms was adopted in order to approximate the internal im- pedance of the amplifying tube and thus ob- tain a condition where the external im- pedance is equal to the internal impedance —a matching necessary for maximum efficiency. By placing 135 volts on the plate resistance of this tube, about 70 volts actual- ly reaches the plate. This then, is a resist- ance stage which actually amplifies in ad- dition to its stabilizing effort. The proper ratios for the audio trans- formers were next considered. Somewhat contrary to accepted practice, a low ratio (2-to-1) audio transformer was found to be by far the best, right after the detector. Low-ratio transformers are ordinarily ob- tained by merely winding more primary turns than when building a higher ratio. Thus, by more primary turns, the ratio be- tween primary and secondary turns is de- creased. At the same time the increased primary turns raise the impedance of the transformer, thus making it more nearly match the high impedance of the detector plate circuit—a condition already mentioned as necessary for maximum amplification. The last audio transformer ratio is also a reversal of standard practice. Since the

Page 26

QsT UX-171 type of power realized that the term one sense a misnomer. not create powerful sig- ed to handle them without signals are delivered to n factor is in fact less tandard 201-A type. The CURVES [AL AUDIO TRANSFORMER DESIGNE RK WITH BYPASS CAPACITY Curve peration without by-pass and curve B with .00025 yufd by-pass across se the R.G.S. receiver this by- pass i ft of the 2nd rf. tube. There is its effect is important ration ndenser by-pass but same direction. mary UX-17]1 with comper ’ of about 3 as compared UX-201-A tube. To reduced amplification n weak stations is not too sn sary to employ a higher ratio a rmer. The 6-to-1 ratio was f entirely satisfactory in quality, ( rely making up for the reduced the 171.’ at ne sO tnat CIRCUIT AGAIN mbination was now satis- better r.f. arrange- The 1 facto g a ment, radio frequency cir- cult w ng only a limited num- ber of 1 e primaries of the trans- forme! llation would just not wavelength setting of the tur No attempt at bal- ancing The r.f. amplification curve uit is shown in Curve =)" i | e total circuit then con- sisted of amplifier known to be good, « a radio amplifier known to be upper wavelengths but quite erwise. The mere fact that the ry was put back thru the ame t ot (as has been shown) damage result. Using the con- nectior (less the r.f. filter coil) the perf f the audio amplifier did in fact 1 up to the limit of the occur February, 1927 tubes. None the less there did arise a difficulty in the r.f. end of the circuit. To make a long story short, the resistance coupling is just as effective at radio fre- quencies as at audio frequencies. Now this coupling connects the output of the first audio tube to the input of the second audio tube and as an audio coupling device, func- tions exactly as it should. The difficulty arises in the fact that this resistance coup- ling also passes radio frequency from the output of the second radio tube back into the input of the first radio tube (these same tubes being the first audio and second audio respectively because of the Inverse Duplex arrangement, see Fig. 5). This obviously constitutes an r.f. feedback circuit which will be either aiding or opposing according to the polarity of the primary connections Wo 2 Tube Ft FIG. 7 c a USUAL SERIES METHOD OF CONNECTING R. F. AND A.F. TRANSFORMER SECONDARIES TO A REFLEXED TUBE SHOWING THAT THE ROTOR OF THE TUNING CONDENSER CANNOT BE BROUGHT TO FILAMENT VOLTAGE on the middle tuning coil. In the first case, reception is ruined because of r.f. oscilla- tion over the entire tuning range and, in the second case, sensitivity is lost because of the strong feedback. In an effort to overcome this, a large r.f. choke coil was inserted in the resistanve coupling in the same position as the r.f. fil- ter coil shown in Fig. 4. This had no effect on the audio currents passing thru in their proper sequence but entirely prevented this coupling from being an r.f. feedback path because this choke coil was a very effective one. The difficulty had been overcome, but the r.f. circuit was still the same old simple arrangement giving poor amplification on 8. The plate impedance of a detector tube is al- ways very much higher than that of the same tube used as an amplifier, especially if the plate voltage of the detector is low. In the present case the de- tector tube is operated at 22% volts while the 2nd audio tube operates at 90 volts. It is evident there- fore that a very much smaller primary impedance will be satisfactory in the 2nd audio transformer than in the first.—Tech.

Page 27

February, 1927 the long waves. An effort was made to re- duce the size of the r.f. choke in order to letermine the minimum inductance neces- ary to prevent objectionable feedback—and ne of the most unique radio frequency cir- uits yet produced, was literally tumbled ipon! The r.f. primary phase on the middle uning coil (R.F. Tr No. 2 in Fig. 4) was irst connected so that aiding feedback might obtained thru the resistance coupling. Then the size of the r.f. choke in the re- istance coupling was designed so that to- gether with the .001 ufd. fixed condenser in the plate of the No. 2 tube and the .00025 ifd. fixed condenser in the grid of the No. 1 tube, the entire combination com- prised a filter circuit (as shown in Fig. 4) such that virtually no reénforcement was obtained at 200 meters while an ever-increas- ing amount was acquired as one tuned up toward the 550-meter setting. To obtain this effect it was found necessary to use a filter choke wound with nickel-chromium resistance wire to an inductance of .75 millihenries and a resistance QS T 25 selves when connected in a straight se- quence without duplexing. The r.f. currents had to be passed back to filament around the audio apparatus because they would not pass thru the large inductances. For this purpose, the small fixed by-pass condensers are employed in grid and plate circuits. These by-pass condensers also tend to pass the highest audio pitches as well and being directly across the audio apparatus, tend to cut down these high notes. To prevent this from interfering with the distinctness, special audio transformers were selected that possessed an excess of amplification at the high notes. By employing such trans- formers, the by-pass condensers may be Pe RF GRID CHOKE word till ath Me 40 Sec s2turns OSC Ices 33° _-+— Pri 9 turns 07 20d end 3rd colt of approximately 100 ohms. The overall r.f. amplification of the heretofore simple r.f. circuit was thereby changed from some- thing like Curve “A” to some- thing like Curve “B” in Fig 1, the improvement being automatic in operation. The shaded area be- tween the two curves shows the increase in amplification obtained entirely by means of reénforce- ment—not by any system of in- creased coupling in the trans- former. The circuit that would meet not only the equal-amplifica- tion requirement but also the uni- form selectivity demand as well, was a fact. Any reénforcing or feedback action acts as a “negative” resistance, therefore the tuning is sharpened at the long waves and a seemingly para doxical situation exists—more amplification with greater selectivity at the longer waves. Regeneration as “negative” resistance is thus applied in progressively increasing amounts to compensate for decreased coup- ling efficiency at the longer wavelengths. The filter is not critical, resonant, nor oscillatory. The tuning of the stages is not shifted. Now that a satisfactory radio and audio circuit has been developed, there still re- mained a few finishing touches to be put on the duplex features. Running the cir- cuits thru the same tubes created a few problems that had to be solved in addition to those presented by the circuits them- glance. ary. LO pi CONSTRUCTION OF THE The antenna coupler L1-L2 projects back from the panel. has a secondary L2 wound of 92 turns of No. 28 wire on a 2 tube, inside of which is slipped (at the filament end) a primary Ll wound on a 1%” The construction of the other r.f. transformers can be seen at a Their secondaries are like L1 but the primaries have 9 turns only, located as shown, with %” spacing from the second- Single cotton or silk and cotton insulation may be used. The tuning condensers are all three of 350 wufds capacity. last one (detector input) has a small “makeup” or vernier con- denser connected across it. f. Rerathned ——— ©) OOOO” Core i 4 | aps * RF PLTER COM eee hong 1 ms th Me 36 wechhe } ¢t per set FIG 8 L,- PRIMARY OF ANTENNA COL Me So wire TUNING THE CHOKES COIL AND It ” tube as shown in the separate sketch below. The used for r.f. by-passing without effecting the quality of audio reproduction. This is illustrated in Fig. 6. The high frequency peak on the Jast audio transformer is not cut off by a by-pass condenser, but is used to compensate for the cutting of the high frequency side bands by the high selectivity of the r.f. circuits. Thus, good audio qual- ity is obtained in the face of extreme radio frequency selectivity. The next special Duplex problem was body capacity on the. middle tuning con- denser. Reference to Fig. 7 will show that this condenser hung at the level (electrical- ly) of the grid terminal of the first a-f. transformer when that transformer’s secondary was connected in the usual man- ner i.e. in series with the r.f. secondary

Page 28

me tube. Approaching this was practically the same | post of the first audio queal always resulted. To ilar difficulty, it was de- d the audio currents to the > tube thru an r.f. choke the audio currents entire- lle tuning condenser and x condenser could then be filament and did not yst of the audio trans- ble care must be exer- February, 1927 eter across the secondary of the first audio transformer. The adjustment of the tapped antenna primary does not affect the audio circuit, neither does the potentiometer, in any manner, control the radio. The antenna primary is tapped in geo- metric sequence. The taps are taken off at turns 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32. The primary con- sists of 32 turns and is wound as shown in Fig. 8. The proper operation of this tap switch is essential. For maximum selectiv- ity, the primary switch should be placed on tap 2 or 4. In any case, this setting al- ways gives the best results for the shorter broadcasting waves as 6 omen 2 O_O €) eons I> > — Se Me r G3) o =} . r 0%. _ = *, “ ° + 4] 4 ae (aoe $ 7 6 i, an ee Lrred ARRA By re the left > the right and ird in the sa filament up” verr cised must mil Such slots severa audio is oniy in the cannot ment also ment regulat device contro! must circuit at its prima lated it tends to tune the antenna to those frequencies. As the longer wave stations are tuned in, higher taps should be used, unless the need for extreme selectivity pre- vents it. Shifting this antenna San. er switch, necessitates a change in the tuning position of the first tuning L condenser only. Furthermore, only a few antenna turns should be em- ployed on loca! stations so that the detector tube will not choke out the 2no RE Con bass notes. By keeping the radio energy down, good quality can be expected from the detector. In addition to this control of radio energy, it has been found highly desirable to provide regula- tion of the audio volume. By means of the potentiometer ar- rangement shown in Fig. 3 this ria. rl OF PARTS IN THE R. G. 8S, RECEIVER can be done without effecting tuning, sensitivity, or audio quali- the two views alternately it can be seen that ty. This also enables the operator lial controls the antenna coupler tuning while to keep the strength of audio sig- stes a 2-gang condenser which tunes the 2nd ‘s : : formers. The small controls can be identified nals below the over loading int J are, from left to right, antenna tap switch, Of the amplifying tubes. nder audio input control potentiometer and “make- ordinary conditions, the potentiom- er which one can usually “set and forget.” the choke used here. It luctance of at least 18 very low self capacity. hoke must be wound in Fig. 8. While there are methods of controlling the in ordinary circuit, there way for this to be done 3. The radio amplification wn by dimming the fila- tubes because this would ,udio amplification. A fila- er cannot be employed to amplifier as this same the audio quality. The radio and audio currents tirely out of each other’s he r.f. energy is controlled means of a tapped antenna he audio volume is regu- y means of a potentiom- eter should be set at the half- way position and boosted only on weak signals when greater volume is de- sired. If this control is boosted on local reception, the power tube will first overload, giving poor quality and then the duplex stages and resistance stage will overload producing a choking noise. The remedy is to reduce the setting of the audio potentiom- eter. These overload points do not occur until more output is obtained than can ordi- narily be tolerated. The circuit developments discussed in these articles have been incorporated in the so-called R.G.S. receiver which consists of certain recommended parts that have been tested and found to perform satisfactorily according to the principles outlined above. These parts have been arranged in many different panel layouts herewith. The ar- rangement of Fig. 9 is very satisfactory. It will be noted that the receiver is arranged for two control operation by means of a — ae — tm

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February, 1927 double condenser. This double condenser s equipped with a small vernier to compen- sate for any minor variations that may occur in coils, condensers, wiring or tubes. Perhaps the only unusual arrangement in the layout is the location of the second and third tuning coils. It would appear that all sound engineering principles had been violated in mounting these parallel and so close to-gether. However, this has been done deliberately. The coils are mounted reversed with the grid end up on the rear, or second coil, and the grid end down on the third, or detector, coil. This gives some slight “negative” or opposing, feedback at the short waves without effecting the long waves greatly. By means of this opposi- tion, the circuit is completely stabilized at the 200-meter setting where instability might arise due to the gbsence of shielding. By employing this arrangement and by feeding the first audio directly to the grid thru the grid r.f. choke, no shielding is necessary. Quartz Crystal Mounting F YOU have had to buy your own brass | plates and carefully and laboriously cut them to shape and still more carefully grind them flat, you will appreciate the an- nouncement that a ready-made quartz crys- tal mounting is now available. The device is mounted on a small bakelite block and carries two binding posts connected to the two plates. The lower plate is bolted into position while the upper plate is pressed against the crystal by means of the long spring whose tension can be adjusted. To keep the top plate in place on the crystal a small hole is drilled in the center of the plate, the spring carrying a notch which fits into this hole. Sufficient space is pro- vided in the mounting to take care of all crystals up to about 600 meters. The mounting can be readily modified for thick- er crystals. This mounting comes from General Radio of Cambridge 39, Mass., and is known as their type 356 holder. It will find a ready welcome in every crystal-con- trolled shack. —J. M.C. QS T 27 Standard Frequency Schedules CHANGE IN O W L S SCHEDULES Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology have necessitated the omission of two of the schedules given on page 8 of our January issue, caus- ing the schedule te read as follows: Examinations at Date Schedule Station Feb. 11 A 9XL Feb. 13 Cc 1XM Feb. 13 Cc 9XL Feb. 25 B 9XL Schedules for 9XL not known beyond this date as yet. March 6 Cc 1XM March 11 A = March 25 B = April 3 Cc April 8 A - April 29 A 2 May 1 Cc - May 13 B In the above the meanings of schedules A, B & C re- main as before, that is to say,— 8 minutes—QST QST QST u (Station call letters) 3 minutes—5 sec. dashes broken by (station call letters) every half minute. 1 minute—announcement of frequency in megacycles per second (8.75 megacycles per sec. is sent as “8 r 75 MC”). l1 minute—announcement of megacycles per sec next frequency in (Figures are frequencies in MEGACYCLES per sec. : approx. wavelengths in parentheses) Sunday Afternoon Schedules Eastern Standard Time for 1XM Central Standard Time for 9XL Friday Evening Schedules’ Eastern Standard Time for 1X} Central Standard Time for 9AL Time Schedule Schedule Time Schedule (PM) A B (PM) Cc .._ oe - 2 8 :30 3.50 (85.7) 6.50 (46.1) 3:00 10.0 (30.0) 8:42 3.60 (83.3) 6.75 (44.4) 3:12 12.0 (25.0) 8 :54 3.75 (80.0) 7.00 (42.8) 3:24 14.0 (21.4) 9:06 3.90 (76.9) 7.25 (41.3) 3:36 14.5 (20.7) 9:18 4.00 (75.0) 7.50 (40.0) 3:48 15.0 (20.0) 9:30 5.70 (52.6) 7.75 (88.7) 4:00 15.5 (19.3) 9:42 6.50 (46.1) 8.00 (37.5) 4:12 16.0 (18.7) 9:54 7.00 (42.8) 8.25 (36.3) 4:24 18.0 (16.7) 10 :06 7.50 (40.0) 8.50 (35.3) 4:36 20.0 (15.0) 10:18 8.00 (37.5) 8.75 (34.3) 10:30 8.50 (35.3) 9.00 (33.3) QSLL All those using the transmissions from 1XM, WWYV and 9XL are urged to acknowl- edge the transmissions, NOT to the stations but to Experimenters’ Section, A.R.R.L., Hartford, Connecticut. If you have at any time during the operation of these stations made use of their service please advise us, as it is imperative that we find out what portions of these transmis- sions are most used and what territory is being covered. Depending on the result of this request the system’s development will be changed to meet the need. Note especially that the letters and cards are NOT to go to the Communications De- partment but to the Experimenters’ Sec- tion, which is in constant touch with the O.W.L.S. Committee.

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QST February, 1927 Rotten Reasons By The Old Man of years are amateur classics. mers in the League will give a yelp of joy at the very word “Rotten”, rec , an “Old Man” story. To our newer brethren a word of explanation ma ecessary. “The Old Man” is QST’s unknown contributor, the mystery of wh entity and lecation has never been solved. With unerring aim and caustic W rns up to view the things that are “rotten” in amateur radio, and his les home because he entertains us at the same time. It was in them that the famous amateur ter ff-Hong, Rettysnitch, and their associate instrument, the Blifsky, were gi It has been a long while since we heard from T.O.M. 0.) et’s hear more from you.—Editor. The “Old Man” stories Welcome back, A) just got to get this off I've been sitting around time now, listening and | watching you young nes } and seeing amateur radio bulge n spots, until I’m likely to bust if w off steam. Poor little Kitty id time of it lately, and I’ve g [ ain’t fit company for no * TO GuST 1€ | DONT Blow cam 4 fusely perspiring lady said man,” to th at the dance. We } n Old Timers Meeting of the re ir old Radio Club out here, and v | a certain subject very thor: the points brought up at this t lead this old bundle to take | hand again. We |} | our old time president to presid« eeting, which he consented to do we had sent over to the black und fetched him a maul, that } ible to wallop the desk in the g iy and keep order. He glared t every one present with the del lligerency of by-gone days, and it e us other old-timers quite a kicl itlined in his characteristic lady like the object of the meeting, to the t we were here to find out watter matter with amateur radio and that the sooner we settled the matter the healthier it would be for all concerned. He has grown older, this old-timer war- horse president of ours, and his methods, while not exactly partaking of those of the prize ring, yet are a bit old fashioned. He still knows how to conduct a radio club meeting, and don’t anybody forget it. You are not likely to, for when you go home you feel that you have had a narrow escape. Final Authority was there with his glasses and his professional manner, and of course he had the cure for what is wrong with amateur radio. He is older, but he hasn’t smoothed out any to speak of in re- cent years. He looks up at the ceiling just as much when he talks. He’s just as long- winded, he gets just as involved in com- plexities as in the early days, and he still suffers from the superiority complex. He roils Radical up just the same as in days of yore, and Radical fidgets in his seat in the same dear old manner that he used to when we smashed up the furniture at every meet- ing. Final opened the ball and took about twenty-five minutes to get his trouble out of his system. His motion was that ama- teur interest had appeared to flag for the reason that amateur wave-bands were now separated, that the gang on the eighty- meter band was not on speaking terms with the bunch on the forty-meter band, and those on the twenty-meter band were so blamed high-brow that they thought that persons using a frequency less than 1500 kilocycles were so depraved that they were not fit to associate with. This and a lot of highfalutin hogwash about the higher in- tellectual plane of radio communication to- day and how we have become amateur physicists and radio research engineers and similar uplift bunk pretty nearly drove some of us to plot murder. Having relieved his system, and satisfactorily impressing us that he was a deep-water thinker, Final sat down impressively and wiped his eye- - ' ; ¢

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February, 1927 glasses very carefully. Our old-time pres- lent gulped a couple of times and from force of habit reached for his maul, and you could see he was trying his darndest to formulate some kind of an intelligent com- ment upon Final’s speech. But Final had failed to provide a handle on any of his ideas, and when there isn’t any handle to get hold of, there isn’t any use searching HE GLARED AROUND AT EVERYONE PRESENT WITH THE OELIGHT FUL BELIGERENCY OF GY-GONE Days around and trying to find one. The pres- ident simply gave up and took it out in glar- ing around at everybody. Everybody expected Radical to crash through about this time, but evidently he was not ready. Somebody else got up and feebly suggested that our foundation was built upon telegraph operating and after all it was the training of proficient radio tele- graph operators that gave us amateurs our pull with our Government, and for him he got more fun handling traffic in a snappy manner than fooling around with circuits in- vented by people with impaired digestions. This inflamed another nitwit, and he got up and got all haired up over the CQ busi- ness, and the DX hounds and the lament- able falling off in message traffic, and the unspeakable ethics of those creatures who failed to deliver radiograms. He got him- self hopelessly off the track, but he suc- ceeded admirably in working himself into a white heat of indignation and in tearing his passion to tatters. His ideas hadn't any handle on them, and so sileice again fell and broke a hole in the floor. All this was too much for poor Final, and realizing that the universe was tottering and the stellar system was upon the verge of going completely cuckoo, he arose and after majestically clearing his thin but gentle- manly throat, he opined that we must keep clearly in mind what our problem was. Our major problem, according to Final, appeared to be to maintain the intellectual interest in the diverse determinations that must be made if we are to continue in making avail- able to civilization the manifold advantages that were obviously on the threshold in radio. Waving his awkward arms, he pointed to the skip-distance business, and QST 29 how we should go about finding out what frequencies would offer skip distances which were ultra-terrestrial. Then there were the cork-screw waves. He pointed out that there were reasons for suspecting that these cork-screw effects might not have the skip- ping sickness at all. Amateurs ourtaluly could not aver that interesting work was lacking when there was the cork-screw stuff lolling around waiting for somebody to come and fondle it. Then there was the transmission of pictures. We certainly must have picture transmission by amateur radio if we hope to get a ringside seat in the radio hereafter. Then there was the transmission by amateur radio of the mov- ing picture, and certainly that was fraught with mental gymnastics interesting enough to suit the most fastidious. Then came radio television, waiting for us amateurs to televish each other. In a burst of gen- tlemanly restrained and impressive oratory, Final finished his peroration with a decd argument to the general effect that anybody who thought that there wasn’t anything more for the amateur to do in radio needed to have the Duco scraped off his brains, or words of like import. Everybody took a deep breath when Final sat down. Then Radical arose, and we knew this was the knock-out round. He started off sort of gentle-like about the flag- ging-interest business and the traffic handling, as if he didn’t want to scare Final out of the room before he had time to get his axe out. He paid his respects to the CQ imbecile and the DX atrocity, and then he proceeded to unlimber. Interest was not flagging. On the contrary, we amateurs were more interested in radio than we ever BOR) FINAL AUTHORITY WAS THERE WITH HIS GLASSES AND PROFESSORIAL MANNER were. How else could anybody account for the fact that the whole civilized world was our playground, these days? He said that any amateur who couldn’t work every con- tinent on earth in a single night must have sleeping sickness. That QST was more interesting than it ever was, and that our A.R.R.L. was bigger and better and stronger than it ever was, and that the

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of the t they « back some ing equal high-fr« fected blood ‘ ether Messag not be | becaus« soon as that w a long guff ti and v Then to sp make a intell to do thing. about fl Some threate casualt we got found This I have pipe this +} hoss hs quarte! QSA. commer vision, t come ba form of got with periment it was g¢ trying t He didn’t sensible different granizing ing some to tele gl once he decide d t and Har they ar leave it 1 GI inies thought more highly ties of the amateur than looking straight at the ead, he said that while » interested in establish- constant of radio tele- thers of us who took an getting continuous-wave egraph signals so per- in't have to employ a around through the em in the head phones. he old character could existing amateur stations ly frequency, and just as ut how to make signals is to make solid copy on ff, message traffic would hat the old kind of cheap return, but that a new would come into style, the kick that we ever und then some. riot act about the ex- operator. He asked if to spoil a good operator im research engineer or irch engineer trying to ph operator out of him. vas. It might not be so emed to him to be more that we amateurs had some of us preferred some of us another tead of yowling around t, we ought to be or- ntal work and develop- ly for our operating end es tarted to talk all at president began to thing ended with no mashed furniture. When he cool night air, and all accounted for, we wn and write Warner t the matter. and I feel better now hest. I can light the old n the air and see what vn in South America. I in Hartford to pass on long time since this old ugh to write into Head- s all the gang are still all around. —T. O. M. TALK / WHERE'S YOOR NESS, JOHNNY, HOW YOU ~2 1G RAMMER ? QsT February, 1927 Multi-Contact Control Switches HERE are many uses to which low ca- T pacity multi-contact switches of the telephone type can be put. The usual arrangement of the simple “off-on” A-bat- tery switch has been available for some time. Lately additional contacts have been added to take care of the A and B sub and more recently there have been added quite a few additional contacts for all variety of circuit manipulation. The two switches shown in the illustration should be useful in a ham station in many places. One of them is a nine-spring affair equal to a three-pole double-throw switch and the other a twelve- spring type equivalent to a four-pole double throw switch. The springs are of very heavy material with inserted silver con- tacts. The insulation is micarta. The whole switch is mounted on a telephone jack frame, being arranged for single hole panel mounting. The number of combinations of uses for such a rig is almost infinite. The twelve-spring switch can be used to cut in one or two stages of audio frequency am- plification, killing the filament of the un- used tube and in the “off” position turning off all filaments. This makes a very handy arrangement since the telephone plug does not have to be shifted fron one jack to another when changing stages. These switches are available in a large number of combinations from the Yaxley Manufactur- ine Company of Chicago, Ill. =—J, M.C. trays As further proof that the hams are run- ning broadcasting stations, we find from 2DY that the well-known WJZ boasts ama- teur operators from four different radio inspection districts. And they all operate at 2DY also. —

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February, 192 HE problem of the high-power crystal- controlled transmitter is a difficult one unless one is endowed with plenty of the goods of the world and can ifford kilowatts of high-voltage direct cur- ent, Even then when we have spent a thousand dollars or so on a 500-watt crystal- ontrolled transmitter, the note resulting is not always entirely desirable from an oper- ating standpoint. It is too much good d.c. to be easy for the receiving oper- ator to pick up readily or in some cases to follow nicely in copying. And again the d.c. crystal-con- trolled sets sometimes have an un- ‘ healthy habit of partially fading, cr af resulting in a note that appears to : jump from one frequency to an- other, or varies greatly in intensity, although in reality it may be just as steady as one could desire when leaving the transmitter. With all of these thoughts in mind, and especially with a lean and skinny pocketbook even after Xmas, it was decided that we would build a semi high-power crystal- controlled transmitter which would give a note with sufficient modulation to make it desirable from an operating standpoint. The result is the transmitter which will be briefly described in the following lines; and incidentally the transmitter which will probably be used as the A.R.R.L. Head- quarters’ station 1MK 40-meter set. If we build up a full-wave a.c. oscillator using a single tube on each side of the 60- cycle high-voltage supply, we obtain a note which is familiar to all of you—a note that is certainly not unpleasant to copy—-one which pounds through much better than the average chemically rectified “d.c.” trans mitter with the average amount of filter hooked on. If, now, instead of using the two tubes as oscillators, we use them as power amplifiers and excite their grids from a smaller tube which is oscillating with crystal control and d.c. plate supply, we get a much improved note and one which is infinitely more steady, and still at the same time has sufficient modulation to carry well and lend itself to being copied easily. This, briefly, is the present transmitter. While the particular one which is at 1MK uses a couple of quarter Kw. 204-A’s operated as a.c. amplifiers and an under- loaded 203-A acting as a d.c. crystal-con- trolled oscillator, this approximate ratio of tubes can be maintained for lower powers. Two a.c. operated 50-watt ampli- fiers can be controlled by a single d.c. 210 Q S _ A D.C.-A.C. Crystal-Controlled Transmitter By John M. Clayton, Assistant Technical Editor 31 crystal-controlled, or two 210’s as a.c. ampli- fiers can be excited by a 201-A with d.c. and crystal control. There is nothing unusual in the circuit shown in Fig. 1. It is the “standard” crystal oscillator arrangement plus the usual full-wave a.c. back-to-back self-rec- tified oscillator slightly modified to act as an amplifier instead of an oscillator. The crystal-controlled tube is a 203-A supplied + 400" - 400" “tov 60~ RFC - aa il y pron ___ | FIG. 1 THE COMPLETE CIRCUIT with from 350 to 400 volts of pretty good “d.c.”. In 1MK’s case the d.c. comes from a small Esco motor generator minus any filter. The crystal oscillates (yep it does) in the 80-meter band and the amplifier picks off the 2nd harmonic of the crystal, giving a signal in the 40-meter band. In order to make the second harmonic as pronounced as possible the grid biasing voltage on the oscillator is from 90 to 135 volts. This voltage could even be raised with consider- able advantage. The plate circuit choke (RFC2) is a standard R.E.L. choke coil. The grid cir- cuit choke RFC1 must be a home-made and home adjusted one, having a natural period equal (preferably) to the period of the crystal itself. Condenser C, the plate block- ing condenser, and condensers Cl are standard Sangamo receiving fixed con- densers having capacities of 1,000 ppfd. each. When wiring the oscillator it is im- portant that the leads shown in heavy lines in Fig. 1 be made as short and direct as possible. The filament supply by-pass con- densers (C1) should be located right at the filament terminals of the socket. The va- riable condenser C2 in this case had a maxi- mum capacity of 500 pufd. It was one of the six-bit Cardwell condensers of the re- ceiving variety. A lower capacity is de- sirable from the standpoint of ease of ad- justment since the tuning is quite critical with a condenser of this size. It was used

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Q © leads to coil L could be and all oscillator tuning by varying the capacity r alone. Ammeter A is a e having a scale of 0 to 5 meter greatly facilitates of the oscillator, it being r VIEW OF THE TRANSMITTER y when the current in this 1ximum. ent transformers are used nd 204-A’s although their ive been heated from the that case it would be ad- e resistances of equal value 203-A filament circuit. plifier tubes pick up grid of tap M on the oscillator grid condenser C3 as well cking condensers C5 have 0 nufd. each. The filament rs C4 are also of this size. iency chokes RFC4 are of the | the grid choke RFC3 is a adjusted to have a period insmitter) somewhere near t which the power amplifier ST February, 1927 is to be operated. The Cl biasing battery has a voltage of 135. Plate supply comes from the transformer T1 which in the 1MK outfit is a Thordarson 1-Kw. model giving a maximum of 2,500 volts (:.m.s.) on each side of the center-tap. Keying the a.c. amplifier is beautifully easy and key-click- less by virture of the position of the key— in the primary of the plate transformer feeding the amplifier tubes. Again, the tank circuit ammeter Al (hav- ing a scale of 0 to 5 amperes and being of the thermocouple type) helps matters a lo! when tuning up. Condenser C6 has a capacity of 300 pufd. and is a Nationa! 3,000-volt type transmitting variable con- denser. The antenna ammeter A2 has a scale of 0 to 5 amperes and the antenna series condenser is a National of 150-uufd. maximum. Coils L and L1 are home-made, although any of the inductances on the amateur mar- ket may be substituted for them. The 1MK ones are wound with 3/8-inch brass strip, flatwise, and are supported on notched hard wood strips, the notches being 3/8-inch apart. The coil forms have a diameter of four inches. L has twelve turns and Ll nine. The coil L2 is a spiral helix of quarter-inch edgewise wound strip. This particular coil came from one of the Amer- ican Sales Company’s war-time spark coil transmitters, and incidentally these little inductances are the berries for antenna use in any transmitter. By reference to Figs. 2 and 3 the mechani- cal construction of the transmitter can be observed readily. For 1MK the framework which houses the transmitter is over-size since it is planned to build all of the 1MK sets in this one frame. The present 100- watt “self-rectified” set will be on a base- board on top of the frame, the 40-meter c.c. set occupies the two panels shown in the photo and there is room for an additional d.c. quarter-Kw. 80-meter set, a 20-meter set and a power panel housing plate and filament transformers, keying and filament control relays and primary filament rheostats. The framework shown in the two illus- trations is made of 2 x 2 pine, six feet high, 28 inches wide and 30 inches deep. The baseboards for the various portions of the transmitters are of %-inch boxwood and the panels are also of boxwood \%-inch thick. The lower panel and baseboard contain the 80-meter crystal controlled oscillator. The instruments on the panel, from left to right, are: Upper meter a 0-300 milliampere Weston meter (MA); lower meter a 0-500 volt Weston d.c. voltmeter (V) for check- ing the plate voltage on the 203-A, the 0-5 ampere thermocouple meter A in the tank circuit and at the right the dial on the tank condenser C2.

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February, 1927 The upper panel and baseboard hold the ywer amplifier. The left hand dial on the inel is attached to the antenna series con- enser C7, the upper meter in the center s the antenna ammeter A2 and elow it is the tank meter Al. \t the right is the dial for con- enser C6 in the tank circuit. A side view of the transmitter ippears in Fig. 3. On the ywer base in the foreground at the right is the voltmeter mul- tiplier and to the left of it you an make out the plate circuit .£, choke, the tube socket, fila- ent by-pass condensers and General Radio crystal holder. The grid circuit choke coil is nounted on a small strip which plugs into G-R jacks also mounted on a similar strip fastened to the baseboard. The grid choke is made plug-in so that crystals having widely dif- fering frequencies may be used. The upper baseboard contains the two 204-As, the plate in- ductance L1 and the antenna inductance L2 as well as the various grid, plate and by-pass condensers. Note that plenty of space has been provided in the framework so that one can crawl in and prowl around for bugs in the outfit. The ampli- fier and oscillator biasing volt- tages come from the dry batteries shown on the respective amplifier and oscillator shelves, Plate vd and filament supply wires are passed through iron screw eyes in the vertical portion of the framework, the filament wires coming down one “leg” of the framework and the plate wires down a different leg. The screw-eyes are insulated by means of friction tape wound around the ring of the eye. The filament leads are flexible number 18 lamp cord and the plate leads are Packard Junior ignition cable wires. All of the power leads for all of the sets terminate on a common bakelite ter- minal strip at the bottom of the photo. We have gone over the adjustment of crystal-controlled transmitters so many times in QST it hardly seems safe to repeat any specific directions again. It is suf- ficient to say that caution must be used in applying high plate voltages to the crystal oscillator. Over an extended period of time even 400 volts may shatter the crystal. After the oscillator is running in the usual and well-described manner, tune the plate circuit of the amplifier to half the oscilla- tor’s wave, attaching clip M to the coil L at a point some three or four turns from the plate end of L and close the key. Then QST FIG. 3 A SIDE VIEW. NOTE THAT THERE IS PLENTY OF SPACE BETWEEN SHELVES 33 vary condenser C6 until maximum current appears on the ammeter Al. The antenna circuit is next tuned to the wavelength of the L1-C6 circuit. Then start all over G again successively monkeying with the grid biases on the amplifier and oscillator tubes and changing the position of clip M until maximum antenna current with reasonable input results. (Continued on Page 40) SPECIAL HIGH-POWER 5-METER TRANSMIS- SIONS FOR AUSTRALIA AND EUROPE Station 2EB at 6505 167th Street, Jamaica, Long Island, New York, will send with a power of 1-kilowatt at a wavelength between 5 meters and 5.2 meters during the month of February on the followin schedule. Each morning at 8 a.m. E.S.T. (U.S.A. time) for one hour, each evening at 6 p.m. E.S.T. (U.S.A. time) for one hour. These times correspond to 11 p.m. and 9 a.m. Melbourne-Sydney time, or to 1300 and 2300 G.M.T. Keying will be partly auto- matic “test 2EB” and partly by hand. Re- ports should be mailed or wired to Boyd Phelps, at the 2EB address given above or to Experimenters’ Section A.R.R.L., Hart- ford, Connecticut. While special arrangements have been made with Australian observers, as many European and U.S.A. reports as possible are desired. Please note all possible de- tails. Note especially that the wavelength will be varied slightly.

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34 QsT February, 1927 A Compact Receiver In V +h Regeneration is Controlled by a Variable Resistor By Alpha Learned* ibe receiver set described a panel only six by ten e space in back of which is 1 inches deep, yet because f caref gement of the parts there is no ficiency. Take the “C” bat- tery, f It lies flat under and very frame and rotary plates of the } juicycle condenser, but it is space stationary or live plates by a « dge to edge) of an inch and a The two audion sockets are pretty ther too, but the sides which are né tain only the filament con- tacts, 1 r the grid and plate leads , well spaced as they should on Op] be. Fig diagram of connections. The r is controlled by varying a resist plate circuit, which in turn sitage on the plate to vary. To cor ration by varying the plate voltag do at all with the old type ‘tors such as the UV-200, audiot relay, etc., but nowa- days 1 use hard tubes like the 201-A pe, with which the signal intensit) change appreciably with plate rying from ten to forty- five v esistance method of con- trollin on requires a less critical ljustr n the more common methods riable condenser, but its is that turning the re- great tage generat | does not change notice- ably t f the incoming signal. The intensit though, being at maximum just | llations cease. *1AAl , St., Providence, R. I. Chair- man committee, Providence Radio Ass’ M XxX” Section. The diagram shows a separate “B” bat tery of twenty-two and a half volts for th« detector, which of course is not essential, but it has the advantage of preventing the first twenty-two and a half section from running down before the remainder, thus ruining a whole forty-five volt block. u $™ | 226 la { 30 A ofefefels} - FIG. 1 Figure 2 shows the panel layout and the arrangement of the parts, for the benefit of anyone who wishes to build the receiver. The three panel controls are a four-inch Velvet Vernier dial, a two-inch rheostat dial to control the regeneration, and a “Bruno” combined filament switch and in- dicator. This last named device is a clever affair which consists of a small bull’s-eye of red glass. Turn it to light the tubes, push it and off they go with a click. The audio transformer is a General Radio in- strument with a rather high step-up ratio (six-to-one), which makes it excellent for “code” work, while it isn’t half bad for broadcasting, either. Benjamin UX sockets are used with the bases removed so the) can be built right into the sub-panel of the set, giving a neat appearance and resulting in a slight saving of space. A Nationa! Equicycle variable condenser of the smallest capacity obtainable (250 wufd.) was chosen and the plates removed until six rotary and five stationary plates were left, giving a maximum capacity of 160 pyfd. Two fixed condensers are used, one with a capacity of 2000 pufd. to by-pass the rf. around the primary of amplifying trans- former, radiohm and “B” battery, and a larger one of 1 ufd. across the variohm to absorb clicks and scratches. An easy way to make an indicating line on the panel is with a pen and white ink, but for a better job a line can be scratched with the edge of a hack saw ground to a thin edge, after- wards filling the line with white ink. Most amateurs have considerable apparatus

Page 37

February, 1927 n hand, as well as their own ideas about idio parts, so there is no need of adopt- the list shown below, but in such case Oo ° i a a i { ° , O) Ir ze it_& ; ner: oe ee Fe -—3§—~ b-284 _FIG 2a will probably be advisable to use a panel newhat larger than six by ten. List of Material National 250-uufd Equicycle variable condenser. 4” Velvet Vernier dial. ino combined filament switch and indicator. Benjamin universal sockets. ntralab variohm. 50,000 ohms. eready No. 751 battery. e 1 ufd condenser. Eby binding posts. eral Radio neutralizing condenser. eral Radio audio transformer, ratio 6-1. ven filament ballast. ingamo 2000-uufd condenser. angamo 150-uyufd grid condenser. heostat dial for variohm, diameter 2”. of short-wave coils can be bought readymade the following dimensions may be used by the me constructor; Vave-length band | 80 40 20 3” dia. Space | und No. 18 19 turns 8 turns 3 turns | Plate coil No. 30 wely wound at 8 turns 4 turns 2 turns end eo0o0o0o0o0c0°0 ) COIL MOUNTING] ©oo)6 OO (coms) 8 e°°0e ° No. 751 @) ocou oe oe SOCKET SOCKET ~ Aanel FIG 26 A mahogany finished panel of non-warp- ing material and oval-headed screws will nake a neat looking outfit. The variable ondenser end plates form a shield good enough for broadcasting wavelengths but at the higher frequencies which are en- Q 5S T 35 countered at eighty, forty, and twenty meters, slight body capacity effects will be present unless an additional shield (size 4% x 5 inches) is employed, which of course is grounded. No shield is required around the variohm and filament switch, since they are at the low potential end of the circuit. As to results—well, if the little box doesn’t sound like a beehive, I know that it’s a perfectly rotten night. , By Strays $s Due to increased activities in the Com- munications Department portion of the Hq. gang it has become necessary to provide additional personnel in Handy’s Depart- ment. We are pleased to announce that Lawrence A. Jones, ex2ATZ, from Brook- lyn, New York, has joined the outfit as Assistant to the Communications Manager. “LJ” is a fine operator, knows his eggs and butter and is a welcomed addition to the A.R.R.L.-QST family. In addition to his duties in the office he takes regular tricks at 1MK. When you hear 1MK signing “LJ” give him a call and see for yourself what a nice op he is. Fred Schnell has a new “9” call all of his own—9UZ. From the plans he has started, it is going to be a whizz, too. Our attention has been brought to several eases similar to the following: 5AQV sent a QSL card to a prominent “9” station. On the card he placed the statement “R4, gud r.a.c.” The “9” station returned the card with the request that 5AQV change it to read “R6 pure d.c.”! Smoly Hokes, is ham-radio deteriorating to this? We would appreciate it, OMs if you would call our attention to all such cases of poor sportsmanship. The QST index for Vol. X (1926) is mailed to members of the A.R.R.L. with this issue of QST. If you do not receive yours please notify us immediately. Additional copies of the index will be mailed upon re- ceipt of 4c in stamps.

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36 QST February, 1927 A New Radio Circuit By Robert H. Marriott, B. Sc.* s about a new radio cir- nany receivers during our have been of the “Chinese type or have been simply a rear? , or have been placed in different for the purpose of creating the impr that they are new that we have the word “new”. The about to describe (when the eu! vord “new” gets out of my system) my point of view, entitled to be , because it has features whicl from the circuits used in other eceivers. The fact that I cannot aving seen the circuit be- fore, a have seen a lot of circuits in my t that nobody else has dug up on ere this circuit has been discu understanding that the patent 1ccepted it as new, leads me t I can safely say that it is new Ther lover now. We will talk about 1 t and leave its newness up to you iit was devised by Edward H. Lof Young White and is, there- fore, | ftin-White Circuit. Mr. Loftin red on radio circuits both in the Nay re he was a Commander and w re of the Radio Research and | for several years, and in ci bout three years, as con- sulting nd expert witness in radio suits it radio circuits. Mr. White started nting with radio circuits about ago and for some time past h his attention to broadcast rece The Messers Loftin and White have d for use, for example, be- tween of a radio frequency am- plifier e, it is natural to guess that it ymething to prevent re- generat scillation, or it *contains somet} rease the efficiency of the radio { mplification. The answer is that tl Hers attempts to prevent re- gene! oscillation have been by four g thods. One method was to bias tl t would not oscillate; an- other ° rovide losser resistance in the cil tly or indirectly; another was t ry loosely; another was to use a feedback circuit that oppose iral feedback between the grid *Fir the Institute of Radio En- Loftin and White do none of these things. They put a condenser reactance in the plate circuit to shift the phase of the plate cir- cuit so that any feed back is out of step with the grid circuit and, therefore, does not aid the grid circuit to produce regenera- tion or oscillation. And they do more than that. They pro- vide in addition to the inductive coupling, usually used in broadcast receivers, a ca- pacity coupling, which has not before been used in such receivers. The inductive Pp ' 44+ WATS ao AN R.F. AMPLIFIER TUBE COUPLED a A DE- TECTOR IN THE USUAL WA coupling commonly used, does not transfer the long-wave broadcasts as well as the short-wave broadcasts, but in the Loftin- White circuit, that is corrected by the ca- pacity coupling, which is arranged to au- tomatically transfer the proper additional! amount as the longer wave broadcasts are tuned in. Reference to circuit diagrams should make the new features of this circuit plainer than words alone. Pictures say more with- out talking so much, which is a relief. Now take the usual radio frequency am- plifier circuit, Figure 1. There is a simple circuit not adorned with any preventatives. If it has enough pep in its A and B batteries to give good results for long-wave broad- casts, it will begin to blubber when you try to get a 300-meter broadcast and will how] if you try to persuade it to take shorter wave- lengths. If you apply enough of some one of the well-known preventatives to stop it from howling or blubbering on wavelengths down around 200 meters, it will not do we'l by you on the long wavelengths and may drag in interference for spite. There is nothing wrong with the Figure 1 circuit except that it feeds back some volt- age from P to the grid of the first tube and that voltage does not agree with the tube’s digestion—sort of an autointoxication per- ~

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— 2 February, 1927 formance. Also, the coupling between L1 and L2 will either be too tight for short waves or too loose for long waves. The Loftin-White circuit in Figure 2 1s different. In the first place the B-battery current is fed to the tube through a coil with many turns that works something like a non-refillable bottle neck and is labeled Ch. Ch means choke which is another way of saying that radio frequency will stay away from the B-battery because Ch will choke t if it tries to go around that way. Ch will et the B-battery juice out but it will not let the radio frequency juice in. Therefore, the radio frequency choses the ther path going through C3, L1 and Cl back to the tube filament F. C3 is what keeps the first tube from getting indi- gestion and blubbering or howling. C3 is of such a size that taken together with the rest of the circuit it shifts the phase of the radio frequency. With the phase shifted the voltages do not come along in the right order to eause disorder in the grid circuit. Those voltages cannot arrive at the right time to stimulate or over-stimulate the broadcast voltages in that grid circuit. With the ause of autointoxication removed, the re- ceiver does not get hysterical. L1 and L2 in Figure 2 couple the plate circuit to the detector grid circuit nearly tight enough for short waves but not nearly tight enough for long waves. However, Cl is in the coupling business too and is a normal mate for the inductive coupling L1 to L2. C1 couples almost tight enough for the long waves but not nearly tight enough for the short waves. Working together they couple tight enough for all waves. Jack Condenser Coupling cannot handle much of the short fat waves and his wife, Mrs. Inductive Coupling, cannot handle much of the long lean waves, but between them both they lick up the whole broadcast range. One of the ways of putting this married couple of couplers through their paces, to show that one makes up for the de- ficiencies and idiosyncrasies of the other, is to remove the aid to digestion which is marked C3 in the diagram. With that di- gestive tablet C3 removed the outfit shows no prejudice at all. It howls at all wave- lengths from the shortest to the longest, wherever there is a broadcast station. By decreasing its allowance of filament current or reducing the kick from the B-battery, the thing can be brought down to the blubbering state. It then gives distorted or blubbering broadcasts for all stations from the shortest to the longest waves. The pair treats all wavelengths alike and when they take C3 they handle all alike without blubbering or squealing. This year we have heard a lot about QST 37 canned radio receivers. This year’s models are strewn with bottles and cans. When they put in more radio frequency amplifiers, each with a bottle, they had to put cans around them to prevent fights. Each radio frequency amplifier couples with the others and starts an argument if its light isn’t hid under a can. Where the Loftin-White radio frequency amplifier circuit is used, it is possible to get along with less cans or other forms of shielding because C3, C1, and the coupling between L1 and L2 can be adjusted to offset undesired exchanges of force between the circuits. That is a good thing because cans sometimes introduce losses or they may be in the way and they cost something. It is possible to do several stunts with the Loftin and White circuit. In fact, if we =| 5 mT Ce A. " ~ sta ae) FIG. 2 THE LOFTIN-WHITE CIRCUIT The coupling is partly magnetic and partly elec- tric. The magnetic coupling is between the coils L1 and L2 in the usual way. The electric coupling is provided by the fact that the radio frequency plate current of the amplifier tube flows back to the fila- ment thru the condenser Cl which is also a part of the tuned input circuit of the detector. Because 1 is fixed the voltage drop across it decreases as the wavelength goes down while the magnetic coupling between the coils increases in the usual way at the same time. The two compensate. chose to express ourselves as a famous col- lege professor sometimes expresses himself we might say that this circuit is “lousy” with possibilities. Loftin and White can make it do a lot of tricks. For example, reversing the connections of L1, it will play dead in the middle of the broadcast wave- length band, get good broadcasts each side of the middle, and howl “to beat the band” at both ends of the broadcast band. If one tries to make the Loftin-White cir- cuit from a technical description, a number of clever mistakes and some mistakes which are not so clever may be made. Indeed, one may produce quite an excess of mental fatigue, physical fatigue, holes in the wrong places, and profanity in the atmosphere, without getting the circuit to behave just 1ight. Such results have been attained

Page 40

through technica worded 1 tions tha Howevse has the dicate connect or the duce Str from w Of Col tin- Whit facture would use in a facturer condense quency t1 binding it go get a kit together laborat right, drawil be mad must be At the bled and United dealet Howe ' so we m the exa receive T and be dealers this cir new and The Ar To cCarqT tar tion-ast gotten we ral tenna’ show h nected line wh The pu large line. f proce operator with a operator half On sex sary t him difficult membe The 1 QST February, 1927 make the circuit from that were, at least, thodox technical descrip- ription has been worded. enough to build if one and something that in- t those parts and how to ther. The wrong parts the wrong places pro- that prevent the parts y they should. ifacturer sells the Lof- and no one manu- f the other parts that the most suitable for this kind. One manu- the most suitable air may excel in audio fre- , another may make the ve all like best, and so , it takes some time to ind after the kit is put tested and retested in mes. Then, if it is all be photographed and ulatory system must t be described and that editing and printing. the kits must be assem- and shipped all over the to jobbers and then to f the work has been done, see, before many moons, of the way to build a Loftin-White circuit in it t the parts from our radio will be all set for making r proving that it is really a on the July Cover ng drawings (or possibly supposed to.unsnarl a of the hungry ques- fraternity seem to have vith. In our July issue illed “Feeding the An- 7 of that story I tried {> neter is temporarily con- nd of the two wire feed adjustment is being made. s adjustment is to put a he upper end of the feed made this adjustment r design and showed the the temporary ammeter field glasses. Maybe the ehted because he went vole to read the meter. t may have been neces- » the pole in order to get ture. It is an incidental the same one that our 1 getting into. ears to be that everybody looked at the eover and everybody read the sentence in the southwest corner of page 13 which tells about putting the meter up, but nobody went ahead and read the other equally important sentence, “The meter can then be taken out of the antenna.” The art work previously referred to is a last attempt to get this idea over. Please

Antenna it L an 'S Lame dark Ye 2 wre fre from station fred fess ; — Path of operator te shack

: C Shack with op nside B- OPERATING eae hd 1nd. 2 don’t take it at face value in all details. The lamp has been hung up there simply to show when business picks up in the an- tenna; it really isn’t at all desirable in an actual station because the whole neighbor- hood knows when you are sending. If the winking of the light happens to occur while there is a power leak or ice on the trolley wire your telephone will be very busy. In- cidentally that same remark applies to all schemes using a lamp in the antenna. Someone suggested the other day that the lamp needs to be painted black except for a small window facing the station. —R. S. K.

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February, 1927 QsST On Top of the World—nc5GO By R. M. Foster* AY up North, with fifteen-hundred miles of barren wastes of moun- tain and ice covered stretches of ocean between it and civilization, ts one of the outposts of the white man Ponds Inlet. At this lonely place there are ut eight persons who have seen the big ities of the world; four members of the famous Royal Canadian Mounted Police, three factors of the Hudson Bay Company ind one Eskimo. Each summer the supply ship calls and elivers the mails together with the neces- ities of life. Until two years ago the an- THE INSTALLATION IN PLACE nual arrival of the ship was the only source »f news, but since that time radio has had its introduction.. Now a daily digest of cur- rent news is being published and the popula- tion of Ponds Inlet on Baffin Island is as well posted as the average man in the city. During the winters of 1924 and 1925, pecial transmissions were arranged over KDKA’s short-wave phone for the broad isting of personal messages to members of the Mounted Police not only at Ponds Inlet but to all their Posts throughout the Arctic. These transmissions were a won- derful success. The idea immediately oc- curred to the writer that. short-wave two- way telegraphic work would be ideal for these people. The only drawback to this was the lack of someone with experience to operate a transmitter. On the 1925 voyage of the C.G.S. Arctic this need was filled as Constable Maurice Timbury, R.C.M.P., an ex-navy radio officer, was appointed to station at Ponds Inlet. Tim became an enthusiastic ham on the trip *c2AG, 379 Selby Ave., Westmount, Quebec, Canada north. It was agreed that he would have a short-wave amateur transmitter and re- ceiver as soon as possible. Early in July of 1926 the S.S. Beothic sailed from Sydney, N. S., carrying the promised short-wave transmitter and a new short-wave receiver. The transmitter is of the portable type, as it may have to be moved from place to place. It uses two 201-As in a split Col- pitts circuit somewhat similar to the set built by the Burgess Laboratories, and is provided with either telephone or telegraph connections. No power is available for the transmitter so the filaments of the trans- mitting tubes are lighted by a group of No. 6 dry cells. The plate supply comes from a group of oversized B batteries de- livering 500 volts. All the batteries were shipped through the courtesy of the Burgess Company of Canada. The receiver is a detector-one stage audio rig, rebuilt from an old Aeriola, Sr. with the usual WD 11 Radiotrons. It covers all waves from 18 to 90 meters. Last winter the writer used this trans- mitter and receiver exclusively with excel- lent results, working distances up to 1,800 miles consistently. Twenty, forty and eighty meters can be used with the transmitter, and a special coil for the 52.5-meter wave for Canadian work has been included. It is on this wave that most of the work will be done if possible owing to its freedom from QRM. The following schedule has been arranged for the operation of the set just as soon as it has been installed. The writer asks the CONSTABLE M. TIMBURY, R.C.M.P. AND nc5GO codperation of all amateurs in an attempt to open communication with nc5GO. The set should be on the air by the time these lines (Continued on Page 40)

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40 QsT February, 1927 Measuring Capacity With a Voltmeter By Willard H. Farr* N tl en alternating current is beir nly for transmitting but als tery supply and even A- an ipply, filters of one kind and al ecoming more and more ‘ractically all such filters use lars es, i. e. in the order of severa s. The measurement of such cay rather difficult with the a 4 de Cabbration of a Weston type /5$4C welt meter as a Capacity meter n Microtarads appal found in the amateur laborat mmon method is to use a slide pe of Wheatstone bridge, with a y buzzer or some other such s source of current, and a telephor as a zero indicator. That method snags in it for the aver- age an de wire type of bridge is not nmon piece of equipment, it is 1 to set up, it is not used often e1 y to make it up just for the few tests which would be re- quired, , it requires the use of some |} undards every time it is used. The been using a method for severa very good success which requir re equipment than an ordina tmeter. The trick is simply to con! ndenser to be measured in series v tmeter across the 110-volt a.c. lit iding of the meter will be gover mpedance of the condenser and tly by its capacity. The highe the greater the voltage reading versa. If the condenser should to be shorted, the voltmeter would the fact by reading line voltage the meter is built for that voltage an result. One decided advant this method of capacity measur‘ that you can calibrate your pet v read capacity, and there- after wv » standards, as would be the le wire bridge were used. Anoths ge is that no setup is re- quired, houldn’t take longer than thirty the watch to drag out AT Chicago, Tilinois your meter and curve and measure up a condenser. Fig, 1 shows a typical capacity calibra- tion curve for a Type 155 Weston a.c. volt- meter. It will be noted that the readable range of the meter covers almost exactly the range of capacity values used in filters. It will also be noted that the curve is steeper on the lower end which means that the smaller the condenser the more accurate the reading. Even if you do not have access to any standards of capacity, the calibration of a meter should present no sericus difficulty. Procure three or four one-ufd. condensers which you can depend on to be reasonably close to their rated capacity. The agree- ment between the supposed 1-microfarad con- densers can be checked fast enough. If they do not give the same reading they are not alike. The leakage ordinarily found in condensers is not enough to change the re- sults greatly, Connecting these in parallel will give you points on the curve at 1, 2, 3 and 4-ufd. while connecting them in a series of 2, 3, or 4 will give you values of .5, .33 and .25 respectively. This is a sufficient number of points to give a very satisfactory curve, the accuracy of which will be as good as the average of the condensers you used in the calibrating process. All intermediate values may then be read directly from the curve. ON TOP OF THE WORLD—nc5GO (Continued from Page 39) are in print. The schedule is: 5GO will be in operation daily on 20, 40 and 80 meters from 9:00 p. m. (E.S.T.) until midnight except on Wednesdays and Saturdays when transmission will be on the 52.5-meter Canadian wave from 11:30 p. m. until 1 a. m. the following morning. Canadian amateurs especially are asked to listen for signals on this wave. Just as soon as any amateur works 5GO the writer would ap- preciate it greatly if he be notified. Any QSL cards for 5GO can be forwarded through the writer also. A D.C.-A.C. CRYSTAL-CONTROLLED TRANSMITTER (Continued from Page 33) A transmitter such as this one is compara- tively simple to build, easy to get going, does not require many high-priced parts and gives a note that is indeed a pleasure to copy. Again, remember that the same general construction can be applied to the 50-watt amplifier with the 7%-watt oscil- lator, or the 7%-watt amplifier with a re- ceiving tube oscillator. te i te

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ee 7 February, 192 Qs T 41 An Airplane Transmitter By G. H. Browning* and R. S. Briggs’ T WAS thought that it might be interest- ing to present the design of a short-wave phone and c.w. transmitter which was constructed for use in an airplane but s well suited for general amateur needs and s in fact being used today in just that way. This transmitter employs UX-201-A tubes throughout. Most of the apparatus neces- sary for its construction is to be found 1round the fan’s laboratory, or is carried n stock by the local dealer. The set con- sists of one modulator tube, one oscillator, ind a neutralized power amplifier made up f two tubes in parallel. The modulator an of course be omitted. Since this set was intended for use in an airplane, certain special requirements of lesign were necessary. First, the fre- quency must remain constant and not be affected by vibration. Second, the set had THE SET itn ye FOR AIRPLANE Us to be light, portable and compact. Third, a fair amount of efficiency was required with a reliable daylight phone range of at least 2 miles. Wavelengths around 100 meters seemed to be the best suited for airplane op- eration, so the transmitter was built to cover a band of from 70 to 110 meters. An an- tenna system with a natural wavelength of 70 meters can easily be installed on the wings of an airplane. The antenna coup- ling inductance will load up the circuit to some extent. *Consulting and Research Engineer, f1BVL, 393 Ashmount St., Dorchester, Mass. The plate supply consisted of about 90 volts of “B” battery. A small 6-volt storage battery was used to light the filaments while UNDER SIDE OF SHELF, SHOWING RF. CHOKES, MODULATION CHOKES, MODULATION TRANSFORMER AND INVERTED TUBES 9-volt and 3-volt dry batteries were used as “C” and microphone battery respectively. The photographs show the general layout of the apparatus. The antenna current meter is mounted on the panel and is a 0-0.5 amp. thermocouple type. The right hand dial controls the wavelength of the master oscillator and the left hand dial, the power amplifier. No adjustment of an- tenna tuning is used since the antenna sys- tem is constructed to operate on a fixed wavelength. It should be a single wire of about 35 feet, including lead-in. An exter- nal series condenser can be used if the set is to operate over a band of wavelengths. A shelf behind the panel is used to support most of the parts. Looking at the back of the set, the power amplifier tubes are mounted upright and the master oscillator and modulator tubes are mounted upside down underneath the shelf. All tube sockets have sponge rubber mountings. The left hand coil is the master oscillator inductance, and the right hand coil is the amplifier and the antenna inductance. A battery terminal panel is placed at the extreme left, under the shelf. The audio and radio frequency chokes are mounted under the shelf to the right of the master oscsillator tube. With this layout, short direct connections are pos- sible with minimum interaction between cir- cuits. The panel is 14” square and \%” thick. The shelf is 10 x 12%” and 3/16” thick. The panel is screwed onto a hinged frame so that it can be swung out of the

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42 cabinet airplane eight in oné maste! using H¢ modulator L. 15 turn by somewhea coil) LL. 17 turns end of same shows nearly L, 12 turns C&C, Na C, 50-uufd Cc. Cc, < C, 500-uufd a RFC 100 t A. F. Choke For c.w. work omitted and No. 1 to B power ar cillator i

REAR VIEW POSITION ‘< R.F. CHOKE MORE ACCURA amplified ing, a

QST February, 1927 ity. When used in an abinet is supported by r each corner as shown are employed in a ower amplifier circuit lulation for phone. One ter oscillator, and two = Virani tt

ee ee ee eee } CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR AIRPLANE TRANSMITTER

THE CIRCUIT

to be ideal, since it is not sensitive to out- side noises and can be worn under a coat collar, thus taking up very little room. This microphone is merely a carbon button mounted inside a small hard rubber case. It is held up tight against the throat for the best results. Of course, any suitable microphone can be used if the set is to be operated on the ground. Two Na- - tional impedance chokes are con- nected in series with the plate sup- ply lead of the master oscillator, and modulator tubes. They serve both as an inductance to provide the required constant current of the Heising modulation system and as a resistance to cut down the plate voltage. The General Radio modu- lation transformer has a 1- megohm resistance across its sec- ondary when a microphone battery of 3 volts is used. The master wound on 3%” tube with turns spaced oScillator uses a tuned plate cir- han the diameter of the wire. onstruction as L, and wound on other ace between windings not critical. Primary coil) » L.. (Oseillater coil) snemitting condensers. 150-unfd, 3000-volt. (Antenna cuit with a fixed grid tickler coil. L., L: and Le are space wound on Photo © hard rubber tubes. L: and L- are wound on the same tube and are 4%” apart. The amplifier tubes are connected in parallel, and are micadons. neutralized by the condenser C; and ad Z two turns of inductance L.. The No. 28 DCC on 1%" tube. neutralization is not v itical. National impedance-coupling chokes in series. Oo no ery critica paratus to the right of the dashed line is It is very important to place L. and plus connection shifted from B plus pest L. at right angles to each other, t Ne. 2. The key may be cut in at X or Z. ibes are used. The os- ted before its output is

rHE SET SHOWING RELATIVE NED-CIRCUIT HELICES AND HE CHOKES CAN BE LOCATED rELY BY REFERENCE TO THE BOTTOM VIEW ynsiderable experiment- t microphone was found and at least 8” apart, as shown in the photo; otherwise it may be impossible to prevent the amplifiers from self-oscillation. Care must also be taken to prevent coupling between the radio fre- quency chokes and L. and Ls. The 8-turn grid coil is wound on the same tube as L; ‘and 4” away from the filament side of Ls. The grid coil is wound jumble fashion in a 4” groove. A small 6-volt pilot lamp is connected across the filaments which are controlled by a toggle switch mounted on the panel. In order to get the set into operation, C, and C. are adjusted until the antenna cur- rent is maximum, then C, is readjusted slightly so that the plate current is cut down without any decrease in antenna current. In order to be sure that the set is working properly and that the amplifier is not oscil- lating, take out the oscillator tube. The an- tenna current should fall to zero. The phone will not work unless the amplifier is operat- ing properly. For c.w., the key is placed in the negative “C” battery lead. The moduv- lator tube may be removed if desired. It is advisable to use a variable neutralizing con- denser to facilitate neutralizing. Any vari- able condenser with a maximum capacity of 100-uwufd. will be ok. In order to neutralize the set, turn on all filaments, except those af (Continued on Page 50)

Page 45

a February, 1927 Experimenters about the first of this year been in new hands, insofar as the correspondence and outlines are concerned. Assistant Technical Editor John M. Clayton having left QST in favor of the Institute of Radio Engineers his desk has been taken over by ur new Assistant Technical Editor, H. P. Westman who formerly handled the X- Ts Experimenters’ Section has since 20 > 4 a ae ~ ~ YY aL > a ae a fee e | a FIG.1 Note : 70 work at 20 and 40 use shorter top section matters above referred to. The Information desk and the X-section cor- respondent (as well as outlines) are now under the care of Ross A. Hull, Secretary of the Wireless Institute of Australia, who has joined our staff. This does not change the other contacts of the Section. The files are handled by Lawrence Flebeau as before and the Section remains an offshoot of the Technical desk. Enrollment is informal, as before. OWLS-SF STATION RECEIVES X CALL The OWLS Standard Frequency station at Anoka, Minnesota has at last been assigned an “X” call. On its future schedules Ant. Current ea a> a, ca 7 —+ — a line current FIG.2 As top and 2-wire feeder - 40 meters vi the station will not sign 9WI but 9XL. The Station is a portion of the “Gold Medal Sta- tion” and is operated by Hugh S. McCart- ney, Chief Operator of WCCO. Acknow!l- edgments of the transmissions of 9XL Should be sent to the Experimenters’ Sec- tion, A.R.R.L., Hartford, Conn. Such QsT ? Section Report acknowledgments are urgently requested It is exceedingly discouraging to do a pre- cision job for months without definite in- formation as to results. er | —-_ | | yy FIG. 3 As folded antenna — 80 meters 1XM is now operated under a coéperative scheme which includes the M.I.T. radio so- ciety, the communications department of the same school and Mr. James K. Clapp of the M.I.T. faculty in particular. Acknowl- edgments as to 1XM’s work are solicited. They also should be addressed to the Sec- tion at Hartford. This keeps all hands in- formed as the letters will be forwarded. REGARDING REPORTS Every once in a while we find by accident that some. member of this section has accumulated some excellent material and is 4 inifle under 40 meters ->| Antenna top FIG. 4 wore. J0 work on 20 and 40 only use $ a3 much tap and operate at { wave and 3 wave waiting for us to drag him out of his hole and take it away from him. That is all right -except that we can’t be going after all of you all the time. Please don’t wait until you have a QST article ready, let us know what is going on meanwhile. Very often the ma- terial is dead if held until it has become bulky enough for an article. This may be because someone else has done the same thing, or it may be because the radio art has taken one of its sudden turns. Please don’t be too modest—and be a little more communicative. CONCERNING ANTENNAS FOR SEVERAL WAVE- BANDS The note regarding antennas good for several bands of wavelengths brought fruit mainly quite alike. The popular sug- gestion is that we arrange an antenna as

Page 46

44 QsT shown iking the antenna top of such ler t will have a length in meters « f the wavelength which is to be the 40-meter band. When workings nd the antenna current on - . + -+-——— FIG 5 meter ware then fi ted in Fig. 2 with the two-wil g as a feeder only. When working meter band the current goes a n Fig. 3, the line then becoming tral part of the antenna system hoped that later we can give son n this system as used at 3CAB, gton, D. C. Anoth tion is to arrange the an- tenna a Fig. 4, feeding from one te / / \ o is FIG.6 40 meter % ware end wit ne. The voltage distri- butions f .. 40-and 80-meter bands are then n Fig. 5 and Fig. 6. Natur f these ideas can be ap- plied t binations of wavebands, also th each band is somewhat flexible th we hope to combine tai iad FIG. 7 eo meter < wave the mati ved with some generated here to | hort QST article on band- to-band gers. Meanwhile com- ment ha cited from the member- ship of n TRENGTH METER Quotins letter of A. N. Owens of Los Ang Fig. 8 is “a circuit for measurir rength which I have used for th ts (Jan. 1925) and for checking ' coupling. The the same as used by Dr. February, 1927 Austin and set forth in Bustan circular 74. The only difference is in the feedback con- trol and in an arrangement such that the plate current does not affect the galvano- meter directly as in Dr. Austin’s method. “The galvanometer should have a resist- ance of one-or two-thousand ohms and should be of the scale-and-pointer type. In operation be sure that the tube is not os- cillating or there will be a false indication. The most sensitive point is, of course, just under oscillation. Increase feedback until

le ls Loe J — Te, AF 4 meow = i 400 “A 6v. teeta} — + B’ 45 det 8 velts A FIG. 8 — THE FIELD-STRENGTH INDICATOR The dimensions are for the 200 to 600-meter band and must be modified suitably for shorter or longer waves. L1 Usual antenna coupler primary to suit the user. L2 Usual antenna coupler secondary. L3 Secondary loading coil—may be consolidated with L2. Tickler. 110 turns No. 22 D.C. C. on 2” tube, primary of crystal transformer L6 Just like L5 and wound over it. R. F.C. choke coil suited to wavelength used. In the set used all couplings were fixed G Galvanometer, Queens-gray E 3105 test set gal- vanometer. The detector was of the usual galena type. Cl and C2—Tuning and regeneration-control con- densers suited to wavelength worked on. Note—For shorter wavelengths the crystal trans- former windings would need to have fewer turns. This transformer may also be cut in at X which removes some capacity effects, besides making it more convenient to arrange a cutout. The crystal and galvanometer may also be connected to the out- put of the transformer marked “to a.f. amp,” where- upon they will operate on the a.f. component. the galv. starts to indicate and then de- crease feedback until the galv. just returns to O, then tune the primary.” Mr. Owens has used this device to study the L/C ratio problem in tuners and also the merits of tuned versus untuned anten- nas for receiving. His conclusion is that the tuned antenna and high L/C ratio are very much worth while in so far as non- oscillating reception between 200 and 600 meters is concerned. The device has also been used to observe the fading of KDKA at Richmond, Indiana. (Continued on Page 50)

toe

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February, 1927 Amateur Radio Stations” OR being the League’s leading Brass- F Pounder for three consecutive months since February, 1925, when the Traffic Trophy contest was inaugurated, Frederick Best of 1BIG at Augusta, Maine, has just been awarded the beautiful Traffic Trophy, donated by a very good friend of the League. The Trophy is a plaque of sterling silver, mounted on a polished mahogany back- ground. The silver portion is approxi- mately twelve by fourteen inches in size. In the space below the inscription there will be engraved a record of the messages handled each month. The total number of messages I1BIG handled in these three months was well over 2,500! The messages here at A.R.R.L. Headquarters for checking purposes stack up in a pile over ten and a half inches high! And during the last month alone, 1BIG handled some 1,200 of them. THE STATION To the great surprise of a lot of us, 1BIG is using a lone 210 tube in the transmitter! In fact the station is so very simple we had an awful time getting Best to let us run the dope on it.The transmitter is remotely con- trolled, being placed in the attic, and started and keyed from the living room three floors down. The set uses a Hartley driver. The inductance is seven turns of old R.C.A. helix spaced with maple “beads” five-eighths inch long, and strung on linen thread. Both the beads and the thread were boiled in paraffin. The helix is mounted on two ten-cent glass towel bars which are supported by two wooden end pieces, also boiled in paraffin. The end pieces keep the field of the coil well

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46 QST awa r parts of the transmitter. The t ’%4-watter supplied with ra nput has never exceeded 15 Th late condensers are fixed mica ndensers; the tuning con- dens« well 250-uufd. receiving type f the plates removed. The plate 100-turn coil wound on a February, 1927 feet from the end. Eighteen-inch towel bars are used as insulation in the whole antenna system, A separate antenna is used for receiving and this with the remotely-controlled trans- mitter allows excellent break-in which is a very useful addition to any traffic handling station. The receiver is a copy of the ons constructed by Reinartz for use on the Bow- doin during the last trip to Etah. are — - - THIS TROPHY A FREDERICK BEST AMATEUR RADIO STATION 1 81G AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE AND AWARDED UNDER SATVE PERSSTENCE AND UNUSUAL OPERATING ABESTY OF cut to approximate straight fre- quency line form, with a twenty- one turn coil for the forty-meter band, and a fifty-four turn coil for the eighty-meter band, spaces all stations in fine style. Each coil with the small condenser just covers each amateur band, thus making an ideal receiver for traffic work. 1BIG was constructed primari- ly for traffic work up to a distance of five-hundred miles, on scedule. A regular mid-summer schedule has been maintained with 4XE at Winter Park, Florida, three nights a weck over an extended I period with 100 per-cent contact. Sigs. of 1BIG have been reported -, from England, Porto Rico, Brazil ? and California. Best got the short-wave ama- 7 P ‘ STA. MAINE 4 POPCUTIVE MONTIG IN [m6 TO OGTINCUEM Magee AS TIS THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA IN TH NUMBER OF 4 - ~ J = Tar mayo! e bottle. All of the on the lead ption of the filament lead to the re soldered in place. This latter nated on a clip by means of v | or plate turns can be cut n } the Cardwell condenser the di tuned to a maximum of 43 met transmitter is mounted on a boa nches. The transmitter also o1 the 80-meter band. The r antenna is a voltage fed dev na proper being fifty-eight feet ingle number 12 enamel wire r wire is a piece of number 22 e rty feet long, and is at- tach tenna at a point about fifteen teur bug while a radio operator in the Navy. In Constantinop!: U.S.S. Hopkins he first saw QST, that particular copy belonging to the radio officer on the ship. In 1923, when he had finished his hitch in the Navy, 1BIG came on the air almost immediately. Best is the A.R.R.L. Section Communications Manager for the Maine Section, a real operator and an ardent A.R.R.L. booster. He is a member of the Naval Reserve and is very active in the Communication Division activities of the first Naval District. Our best congrats, OM, on winning this splendid trophy. Were it not for the fact that 1BIG does not seem to need it, we would say “More Power to You”. My Strays"$) 2 We wish we had the time to personally QSL all of the very nice Christmas cards and greetings which the gang has showered upon the Hdq. bunch. Needless to say these expressions of good cheer and good fellowship are greatly appreciated and are reciprocated many times over, OMs. One of our friends in New York writes us that the New York Library copy of the August ’23 number of QST has the Dellen- baugh filter article carefully removed from the mag. These back issues of QST are in demand! A three-plate National condenser,

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th seaman February, 1927 On page 54 of the January 1927 issue, in the LA.R.U. News Depart- ment, the list of newly approved In- ternational Amateur Intermediates were run. These became effective at 0000 (GMT) on February Ist, 1927. These intermediates should be used in all amateur work. If you do not have the list which appeared in the above-mentioned QST write us, enclos- ing four cents in stamps, and we will shoot you one printed on cardboard so it can be hung on the wall of the shack. Henceforth all contacts, all lists of calls heard and all other ref- erences to amateur calls in which the intermediate appears will be shown with the ne-v intermediates. And do us a favor, OM. If you establish con- tact with a new station in a new coun- try and the operator is using the wrong intermediate, drop us a line (a card will do) so that we can not only record the contact in QST but can also drop the new man a set of the new intermediates. Tnx, vy. NEW ZEALAND HE following bulletin of news came in T via radio through 9XI: “Since October twenty-eighth, great work has been done between oz2AC and ef8JN on fifteen ind twenty meters. Contact has been held ver a period of eight and one-half hours from 0630 to 1500 GMT, establishing a rec- ord. New Zealand 2AC keeps a schedule ith both ef8JN and af1B. When the an- nual banquet of the Radio Society of France was held on October 30th, af1B trans- mitted a speech of 350 words im French via oz2AC at 1000 GMT on October twenty- eighth. oz2AC then established contact on twenty meters with ef8JN at 11:30 the same night and relayed the speech which was read at the banquet. This traffic was opied single by oz2AC from af1B with a repeat of only four words. On November eleventh oz2AC connected ef8JN and aflB for thirty minutes’ communication, the dis- tance being approximately 15,000 miles. Both stations were QRK at oz2AC. af1B was also QRK at ef8JN on fifteen and also twelve meters. oz2AC and af1B have both worked ef8JN on fifteen meters. We be- lieve we can hold contact between ef8JN and oz2AC for twelve hours on 20 meters as the signals were still good at 1500 GMT. Tests are to be carried out on shorter waves in the near future.”—oz2AC. MADAGASCAR Early in December nu8KS of Rochester, N. Y., raised a new station, and one we be- lieve coming from a new country, radioly speaking. He hooked a station signing ebIB OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM what at first appeared to be 6FR but later on turned out to be FR6, using an inter- mediate cf of (which would now be fb). The QRA given was La Junta, Madagascar. Further particulars are lacking. If you know the op’s name and street address, QRH, etc., by all means let’s have it. AUSTRIA nu2CRB reports having worked a new Austrian station—éjTH (new intermediate is ea) located at Polytechnicum, Vienna, Austria. Any further dope?

Page 50

4 QST February, 1927 ;1UM metal roof, 2LD has been reaching out in Ww, - herewith a photo of the splendid fashion, his signals having cov- oe n ebB1 owned and oper- ered almost every part of the globe. Era of Antwerp. The trans- eratet mitter of the illustration, uses a singk cen 50-watt tube. Plate sup} a 240-watt 500- to 900- cycle generator driven by a 6,000 perating from the 110- volt a mains. The filament of the tu 1 from a 100-amp. hour storag \ plate transformer with taps ¢ res from 400 to 6,000 is used nerator. The transmitter operat ely-coupled Hartley cir- cuit. 7 (at the right of the phot The lower one is built along 1 f a Grebe CR-18 and covers a wa' of from 15 to 700 mete receiver is also a plug- in aff tage of radio frequency ampilif id of the detector. Its range 00 meters. HILE in operation over four yeal layout appears in the phot itter uses three UX-210 tubes 1 shunt-feed Hartley cir- cuit. comes direct from the three-" d.c. mains. The tube TH LL-KNOWN sec2LD-2AG AT SANTIAGO filame? ited from a 120-ampere hour ry which is connected to the 44 (through a_ resistance) every t y is operated. The re- ceive i “Perry O. Briggs” type, the n eing in line with sugges- tions Raven-Hart of ex9TC. It emplo} etector and one stage of 201-A iency amplification. The anten1 nsists of a two-wire V- shap¢ { feet long and 30 feet above + roof of the house. The singl 39 feet long. Although the at is situated in a particu- larly passing within a few inch gutter pipe and for a distar ithin one foot of the WEST INDIES nu4JS of Charlotte, N. C., recently worked station sm1P (intermediate now is nl) who is P. J. Frigerio of St. Martin Is- land, West Indies. St. Martin is one of the ef8CL NEAR PARIS Leeward Isles of the larger Lesser Antilles group directly east of Cuba and north of South America. ECUADOR A great number of fellows have been working ghIFG (new intermediate se) whose complete and correct address (from nu3PY) is Fava Giovanni, Maggiore di Ar- tigliera, Missione Militare Italiana, Quito, Ecuador. BRITISH ISLES bi2ZZ, giving his QRA as South Orkney Islands and nu9DUD were recently QSO. The intermediate bi in this case should be eg as the Orkney Islands are so very little north of the mainland of the British Isles its hard to tell which is which. We would appreciate any further information on eg2ZZ. “ANK” Many months ago in QST we recorded the work bétween a number of U.S. ama- teurs and a station signing ANK and giv- ing his QRA as British Savoy Geographic Expedition in the Sahara Desert, 1,500 miles South of Tunis. All of the QSOs with ANK were on a single night and he was never heard from or of until very re- cently two other American hams report working ANK, with the same QRA as

Page 51

February, 1927 previously noted. We have reason to doubt the anthenticity of the call, the existence of such an expedition and the QRA. We would appreciate it, fellows, if you keep a watch for ANK and advise us promptly if you work him. FRANCE The photo reproduced in this column is one of station ef8CL located at the Pavillon de Moinon, about 50 miles northwest of Paris. The transmitter (the right hand panel in the photo) uses two 250 S.I.F. tubes operating in a symmetrical Mesny cireuit. The other panel houses the recti- fier which consists of two tubes working in a full-wave cricuit, and supplied with 5,000 volts from the 110-volt lighting mains. An auxiliary generator giving 1500 volts and riven by a half horse motor is seen beneath the operating table. This m.g. set is used with a small 100-watt transmitter which does not appear in the photo. ef8CL has had two-way communication with 56 U.S. amateurs, 3 Canadians, 1 Australian, and quite recently was QSO foA6N. The owner of the station is M. Lebandy and the oper- ator A. M. de Vanelot. QSL cards should be send to the latter care 19 rue de Marig- nan, Paris, France. U. S. RADIO DISTRICTS At the suggestion of several of our foreign friends, we are reproducing herewith a map f the United States with the various U. S. Radio Inspection districts outlined in heavy lines. The large figure refers to the number of each district. This map is reproduced with the hope that the fellows in other countries may get some idea of the approx- imate location of the nu-station they are working. It must be noted that the 2nd, 3rd and 8th districts are so divided that they do not have their boundaries confined to the boundary lines of the states they cover. The same applies to the ninth district in which case the upper portion of the state of Mich- igan is in the 9th district and the lower part in the 8th. SOUTH AFRICA From Raymond Coombs, Hon. Organizing Secretary of the South African Radio Relay League comes the following which is re- peated verbatim: “During the coming season it is expected and hoped that quite a large number of American visitors will be travel- ling to South Africa. Among these visitors there will sure be some who are interested in ham work. I should like to extend to them a very hearty invitation to meet as many members of the S. A. R. R. L. as pos- sible during their journey through the Union and Rhodesia. Will all readers of QST who contemplate visiting South Africa kindly communicate with J. S. Streeter, foA4Z, “Wood Green”, Liesbeek Road Rosebank, QS T 49 Cape Town, or H. W. Heywood, foA3E, Berea Road, Durban. A visit to South Africa will not be complete unless you come up to Johannesburg where we produce the gold. The League Headquarters will be pleased to hear from visiting OMs and YLs and will see that they meet all the gang in this city who you have heard and worked during the past twelve months. Information regarding the League or other matters will be gladly given if you drop a line to Hon. Org. Secre- tary, Box 17007, Johannesburg, South Africa.” From R. Oxenham of Cape Town we have received the dope which follows: “Condi- tions have improved a good deal and many THE U. S. RADIO DISTRICTS QSO’s have been made between nu’s and fo’s. The 6th and 7th districts get a lot of attention in the afternoons here, the signals apparently coming from the East—the long- est way around. foA5Z and foA3C are to be commended highly for having established communication with the nu’s as they use very small power. foA5Z uses an input be- tween 20 and 30 watts and has a pure d.c. note which is due to storage battery plate supply. South American stations are now booming in again and many QSO’s are being made. Some of the best sb stations are 1Bi, 2AB, 1AO and 1AW. These four can be heard nearly every night and in addition a great number of the low-power Brazilian stations are being heard and worked here now. sc2AR is also coming through very well. Australian and New Zealand stations are entirely absent. Of the Argentinians, CB8, BA1, AF1, DH5 and a lot of others are received in fine shape here. If the New Zealanders listen for us at 0600 to 0700 GMT Sunday morning (South African day) they will no doubt make contacts with us. Many eb’s are heard calling oa and oz at that time. The Philippines are often heard although QSO with these stations is spotty. French stations with their a.c. notes are often au- dible; likewise a few eg’s but conditions North are none too good at present. The

Page 52

50 U. S. at about QSO’s v On Di nuSWT « to be locat was BBT given as \ 54 Sant the tele; but dor Englis} given ir fix him dope w Madeira op. In or mediate appreciat man y‘ differing proved I he is usir he shou letter al of the n plete ] 54 of the nulAX ber 24tl Reykejy meter Anot QSO eari as int north The inte? of the Antille AN the pow and swil minimun rent. \ until a n Is not eratio! 84-meter pany QST February, 1927 coming through nightly MT onward. Many more luring the nu winter”. IRA ISLANDS th and again on the 8th, | with a station we believe e Madeira Islands. The call RH 35 meters and the QRA Camba, De Maria de Haro, , Veneccio. We may have iber included in the QRA, BBT does not speak nough of his language was t with 8WT to positively ‘a Islander. Any further iated. If he is in the ntermediate should be NTION, DXERS e idea of the new inter- | of the gang, we would u would tell every new » is using an intermediate one now officially ap- t.U. for his country, that ng one, and tell him what Then drop us a card or that he gets a list of all liates. You'll find a com- w intermediates on page 1927 issue of QST. ELAND 2P were QSO on Novem- his QRA as L. Kohler, The QRH was about 32.2 needed. VARD ISLANDS , BIG1 and nulABZ were ember. BIG1 gave his QRA [slands, in the straits just rica, on the east coast. ild be nl as this is one lands in the Lesser \NE TRANSMITTER om Page 42) * tubes. Press the key ser C, from maximum to y variation in plate cur- neutralizing condenser ariation of plate current ransmitter has been in op- er of months, using an h, at the National Com- Cambridge, Mass. The eall is 1AXL. Successful daylight phone transmission has been done up to 22 miles. A range of 200 miles is easily had in day- light with c.w. transmission. The frequency is very steady, so that the signal can easily LEFT SIDE OF SET WHEN REMOVED FROM CABINET be tuned in. This type of transmitter should be very useful and effective where a por- table set is wanted, with no power mains available. EXPERIMENTERS’ SECTION (Continued from Page 44) HIGH-POWER 5-METER TRANSMISSION Elsewhere in this issue there is an an- nouncement of the continuation of the 1-kilo- watt 5-meter tests from 2EB at Jamaica, Long Island. Please continue to observe on these tests, even though nothing has been heard by you to date. Experience indicates that weather is of great importance at this wavelength. This is the same series of tests which began January 15th of this year. The wave- length will according to present plans be kept between 5 and 5.2 meters. Mp Strays $s : 5RG was recently QSO an sb station from 5AQ. At the end of an enjoyable conversa- tion via the “Q” signals, 5RG attempted to be Spanish and told the sb fellow “Buenas Stadis,” which is very bum Spanish for “GN.” Imagine his surprise when the bz fellow came back in English and said, “Sorry, OM, I don’t speak Spanish!”

Page 53

Effective with this issue of QST, all Calls Heard will appear with the new international intermediates be- fore the calls. The fellows have been getting increasingly sloppy in the manner in which they have been pre- paring Calls Heard of late. The sample list of Calls appearing below MUST be followed in the future if you want us to use yours. Note that the intermediates are not used before the “nu” calls, in the list proper. nu-7ZAB, H. J. Smith, 33 South Street, South Falls, Oregon. laao 2abe 3ab 4by 5zai 6hm Tit 8gz 9zt eb-4za na-7yi np-2jm sc-2ld sr-lal sv- aa7 fn-g6a fo-a4z oh-6buc oz-4ac. The letters can be either capitals or small ones; the dash must appear be- tween the intermediate and the ca!l; no punctuation should be placed be- tween the calls; the calls MUST be printed legibly and if typewritten MUST be double-spaced. If the inter- mediate is printed in small letters, the call must be likewise and vice-versa. 1A0Q, 51 Washington Street, Concord, N. H. Salq 2buy 3cdk 3hq 3rb 3wf 3z0 4ai 4ao 4dd der dei ifa 4ft 4eg 4go 4gr 4gy 4hx 4iz 4it 4iq 4iv 4jr 4jv 4ix ijk 4kp 4kb 4my 4pp 4pu 4pr 4qi 4ua 4ux 4vy 5ahp Sin Siw 5ev Ske 5il 5nb Suk Sux 5za 52q 5ql] Gafs 6aiv 6akm G6ats 6Gagr 6ahm 6ahs 6aij 6aww 6Gbsz 6bt G6bro 6cua Geuw 6cewaq Gru 6xi 6zac Tem Thd 7fa Tww Tpu ipy Twe 7Twu 7xi Tyi Tya Tyz Yaw Y9co 9cx Yek Ybtt Seen 9de Sdem Sel Sey Sdkr 9dhr 9dku Y9dol 9dpw Sqr 9sj 9fw 9wt ne-lan ne-laq ne-lae ne-lar ne-ldd ne-lab ne-2by ne-3ax ne-3es ne-3zb ne-4at ne-5go oa-30a be-d4rs sc-2ld ef-Seq ef-8bi ef-Sqo ef-Syor ef-Sjn eg-2nm eg-2lz eg-2kf eg-2kt eg-2g0 eg-2qb ek-y5 en-owe en-pb3 nkf awuz bwf nl2 gn2 kegk nidk pkx wnp voq ntt nm-5c nm-9a nm-lk IMR, E. P. Drozek, 31 Dyer Avenue, Milton, Mass. G6Gagg 6Gabm G6ars Gach 6adk 6bjl 6bjv 6cub 6euw 6cto t 6dex Gecg Gea 6fz 6ih 6ju 6kb 6pv Gta 6ud 6zat Tek iqe Tao ne-lan ne-Irm ne-2ur ne-3jw ne-3ur ne- -4cb ne-4dt ne-9an nm-lIn nm-jh sec-fr5 sb-laa sb-lad sb-lap sb-lax sb-law sb-2ab sb-2ad sb-2af sb-5ad oa-Tew oa-5kn oa-4xg ex-2xa ex-3ai ex-lao su-lcg opm eg-6lj eg-2xv nang a61 dx8 sgl av7 j5 gcda. 2AMG, Bernard Fein, 900 Riverside Dr., New York City, N. Y. laal lad! lahb lahu lanz lans -aoq laox laqt laij lajl lana late latz lasp laom libad Icau Ickk Iemp levz 1di ldq 1lm Irf liu 3afa 3afw 3ahp 3bn 3cjn 3ep 3ki 8qaw 3pu 3ps 3rm dry 4xe S5aqy 5ql 6awa 6bhev 6bhz Gbhih Gbhzf 6bxi 6emw Gayj 6evx Ghm 6ia 6pw 6sb 6ud 6vr Taix 7st Tvq Sado Sade Salr Savo Sbox buy &eeq cil Senr Scuv Scu Sepf &cyu Sdbb Sdgp S8drj Rdsh sv Sve &Svg Yama 9aek Sesh 9dol 9ejr All Amer- ican except 6 and 7 in daylight. nelaq ne-2bn ne-3jl ne-32b ne-4dw ne-Sazs ne-9ani nm-jl nm-lg nm-sda sb-lac sb-lad sb-lap sb-2ab nq-8kp np-nau nj-2pz en-ppt ef-fw gbl pic cbh3 nkf aa7. 2CMX, S. J. Meyer, 240 Washington Ave., Rutherford, N. J. 6el 6fr 6nw 6yb 6aat 6afp 6ayj 6bam 6bge 6bhi 6big 6clk 6euc 6cys 6cezz Tde Tiz Tic 7Tng Tny Tpu Tuo eb-4aa_ sb-lwr ef-8bf ef-Sgi ef-8pm ef-S8yor eg-2cec eg-2ib eg-2nm eg-2vq eg-5ad eg-5by eg-5sz eg-6iv eo-2it ep-laj nq-7cx. 2AKJ, Vincent Suhoski, P. O. Box 705, Freehold, N. J. (Heard during November) 6to 6zat 6Geqw 6bhws Geb 6cuc 6azy 6chy 6clt 6mm Gagr 6bhea 6dn Gay 6biv 6ks 6mu 6Ghm 6Gabm 6am 6cua 6def 6bamg 6ecu 6kb Gadt G6bhz 6clk 6xg 6id 6bej 6bjl 6dan 6aej 6kw G6adn 6cem Gbhoy Gadp 6bil 6by 6dp 6bvj 6ct 6ceco Gro 6qu 6cbhj 6eck G6ege Gaaf 6fg 6bvw 6bgb 6ccl 6Gbxr 6bb 6daq G6aat 6deq 6bat 6yz 6yd 6lv Tay 7vh Tor 7wu Tus Tob 77tge 7ej Tec Tea Joy Tic ne-lar ne-ldm ne-lda ne-2ax nc-3mf ne-4dw ne-4ea ne-4aq ne-4hs ne-9aq eg-2lz eg-5dh eg-5pz eg-6td eg-6Gog ef-Syor ef-Sct ef-Shu ef-Sya ef-8kp ef-Scp ef-8bs ef-8jf ef-S8ik ef-8ca ef-Sje ef-8jj ef-S8ix ef-8gi ef-8ff ef-Sssw ef-Sjua ef-Stis fm-Sst oz-lax oz-2xa oz-6dn oa-2yi oa-2dw oa-2hp oa-2ds oa-3ba sb-lam sb-lib sb-law sb-laa sb-lak sb-lao sb-laq sb-lax sb-lal sb-lad sb-lan sb-lik sb-lic sb-2af sb-2ab sb-2ag sb-sq2 sb-5baa sb-snf sa-afl sa-bal sa-lpl sa-pa2 sa-dw4 sa-dp8 sa-de8 su-2ak su-2as su-2af su-2ah su-lam su-led su-lbu su-lfb nm-1j nm-5c nm-5n nm-9a ei-lay ei-lma nj-2pz np-4sa np-4lq nq-8kp eb-3ab sc-2ld fo-a3x se-lfg ek-4abf aj-lkk abl aa6 oa3ba o2as Ipz gbk aaz 98x pts aabl ei-acd ocdj. J. Gray McAllister, Jr.. Box 243, Hamden- Sidney, Va. oa-2bb oa-2cm oa-2cs oa-2ds oa-2tm oa-4bd oa-5bo oa-5wh eb-3aa sb-2ab sb-2af sb-2ag sb-6qo sb-sq4 me-lex ne-2au ne-2ax ne-2bv ne-2fo nec-38aj ne-3fc ne-3jl ne-3xi ne-3zb ne-4daq ne-4dw ne-4dy ne-4ja se-2ah sc-2as sc-2ld ef-S8ca ef-8cl ef-Sct ef-8di ef-8gi ef-Six ef-S8jf ef-8yor fm-8ma eg-2kf se-lfg oh-6axw ei-acd ei-leo ei-lgw ni-sni nj-2pz ek-4abf nm-le nm-lj nm-9a nm-5h nm-xc2 fo-a3b fo-a50 np-4sa nq-8kp sa-afi su-led su-2ak oz-lao oz-lax oz-2xa oz-8ai oz-3aj oz-3ar oz-4az ank octn rxy shv. Willard F. Hunton, Falls Church, Va. oa-2mh oa-5bma eb-3aa eb-3ab eb-wl sb-laa sb-lab sb-lac sb-lad sb-lai sb-laj sb-lak sb-lal sb-lam sb-lao sb-laq sb-lar sb-lau sb-law sb-lax sb-lbd sb-lbi sb-lia sb-lib sb-2ab sb-2af sb-2ag sb-2ak sb-2bi sb-5baa sb-5ad sb-6qb sb-6qt sb-9qa sb-sq2 sb-sq4 sc-2ab se-2ac sc-2ah sc-2ar se-2as sc-2]ld sc-4aq sc-nad ee-ear2 ef-8ba ef-8bp ef-8bx ef-Sed ef-Scf ef-Scl ef-8cen ef-8cs ef-Sct ef-8co ef-8di ef-See ef-8fd ef-8fj ef-8fk ef-S8gaz ef-Sgi ef-8gk ef-8gm ef-Sgra ef-Six ef-8jf ef-8jn ef-8kf ef-8kt ef-8nn ef-8prd ef-&8rbp ef-&rf ef-Sssw ef-Sst ef-Stis ef-Stuy ef-Sudi ef-8xv ef-Syor ef-18gr ef-ha3 eg-lak eg-2bz eg-2cc eg-2kf eg-2nm eg-2od eg-2wj eg-idh eg-5is eg-ima eg-5nj eg-5pm eg-5pz eg-6nf eg-6og eg-6td se-lfg ei-las ei-lau ei-lay ei-lco ei-ler ei-2vq ei-acd ek-4abf nm-le nm-1j nm-5c’ nm-9a nm-jh nm-cyy nm-oro fo-a3b fo-a4l fo-a4z fo-a5o fo-a5z fo-lsr sa-afl sa-cb8 sa-db2 sa-de8& sa-dh5 sa-dx8 sa-dz9 sa-ee2 sa-fc6 sa-fh4 em-Ich su-lam su-lbr su-led su-leg su-2ak su-lwaa oz-lax oz-2ae oz-4ac.

Page 54

5AIN Raley, 2nd Signal Co., Fort Houston, Texas ng November) oa oa-2yi oa-3bd oa-3de oa-4bd od-sk2 sb-lao sb-lap b-law b-2ag sb-Saa ne-lar nec-3ael sc-2ah se-2as sc-2ld sc-4aq ex-5dh oh-6acg oh-Gahh oh-6axw f oh-gedi oh-wuaj ei-lau ei-lco nm-lj nn m-xe55 op-lbd op-lhr op-8aa a-afl e o-2ac oz-2ae oz-2gc aa7 agi hy xe4 oa-4 A-OSa ne-3 r a Elm Street, Tyler, Texas Isr 1 r lee lex! lazd 2rs 2zx 2arm , xaf 2tp 2erb 3am 3ph 3fi ipr 4f] 4ri 4si 4ee dle Safa m 4iz dux 4 ip 6bhav 6ewk 6mi 6dag 6bzf Gayj Rbou Saop S8g¢k Scir Sacu Rbtf 8 Saly Sal Scau Spl Savo Sdsk Rei Sait n Sbet Sbth Sdp S8ces 9za 9eo dy ~ 9Obff Sbhb Sego Yadr 9dtk Paon : *bn Scia 9bel Seba 9ph Yaop Ibpw ihp Sek 9sk 9btk 9cpk 9mn 9bnk 9t uk Seane 9akz Schp 9ara 9nw 9be w Sadr Sbud 9dba 9dyb 9byl De } agn 9bum 9ez 9ckd 9act 9ebp t Selb Sark Sanz 9bkq 9baqo 9wk x nm-jh nm-lj. 6ALH-B : M. Hayes, 1202 North Detroit, wood, Calif. laxn lbea lIber lbes iIbgq ibhs Ich Is h 2axd 2uf 2byb 2nj 2bbo 3aha Scjn Scej Bcew 3ze 4daae danh 4! ‘ if] 4ey 4nh 4pf 4pk 4ai faq 4 { itk 4tr 4ts 4we 4vq 4x! ixe 5 rn Samn 5ape 5ax 5je 5jk She 5t 5qs Sra 5sn Taab Satv Sand Saul § Saxa Saxf Saxz Sbau Sbay Sbbz & m &bjz Sbpl 8brf 9%ea 9am 9bbaq ne-lar ne-2al eg-2ao eg-2bz eg-2c eg-5si eg-6ox eg-rm eg-6zm ef-Sbr f-2wog ef-Syor aj-3aa aj-lts fo-a3e oa-2ar op-lat oz-lap oz-lao oz-4aa x sb-9qa oh-Gaff oh-Gaxw oh-6 h-6ahh oh-6adh sc-2ld sc-3ag se-Sar 1 eb-3aa eb-4zz anf aga ana aba Aboard S anchored in harbor at Mazatlan Mex tor, M. E. Kennedy, 6BGC 1 : Iixv 2abp 2cei 2qi 2ar 3afu Say idd 4dw 4f1 4km 4qf 4wi 1a . jo Tkn Tob Tqb Ttx Tul Rafq 8 t Scbr &dbb Sded &Sdoa Sdsy Shr & b-6def ef-Syor fo-a3b fo-a5o fo-4a h sc-2as sa-db2 aj-lts sb-lib nm-1! Swh oa-5bx oa-Shg oa-2yi oa-2a nt wut naw nau sbm nem npa Robert Kr tranik Prague, Na Dobesce 296, echoslovakia. lag ict ixv laae ladm lahv laid laof lasu 1 mp leje 2em 2gv 2md 2nz on gs 2ajm 2anm 2anx 2baa >buy the Slw S3ckj 4ak 8Szz Sadg Sdrb 8 a-2xa Oa-Taa sb-lan oz-2xa. ek-4LV Nestel Stuttgart, 69 Kernerstr, sermany. laap | lenp lenz lerr liej ifl liga lpy ird ixv 2afx 2avx 2ayj 2bad 2bbx 2baa : lar 2uf 2we 2xaf Sbif 3bq Scin nv Sps 3zo 4ft 4rn 4tn 4ut Rade § Sbth Secr Sbdl S8doe 8kf &kp & lega sb-laa sb-lad sb-lak ab-laoc law sb-ltm sb-2ab sb-2af sb-2ag ma urj dnsc nj-2pz. ne-3VS, V 69 Princess Street, Kingston Ont, Can. ng November) thy ita 4te 4pk 4hz 4rr 4fl 4ab baany Sav Spi Swx Swf 4dd 4 q QsT February, 1927 Boa Sev 5ck 5ajk 5Shz 5jd 5fx 5Sagl Sacl 5za 5Sdf 5atf 5aqy Sata Sapo 5dq 5fl Sel 5aal Sek 5qj Sag 5tt 5ak 6nw Ghj 6arl 6zat 6bk 6ea 6Gawgq Gala 6Gaah 6esd 6bxi 6enn 6gi 6hj 6by 6nu Tay Tew Tkn Tek 7tj Sacf Sent Sect Sebe Scbk Yekn Qal QYaln 9dqj %cld Sdbe 9dk sb-leb sb-leg sb-2ag ne-lco ne-lda ee-ear21 ef-S8yor ef-Six ef-8bi eg-2nm eg-5dh eg-5ax se-lfd ei-lbo ei-ldo nj-2pz ek-i27 nm-jh npa npu npm numm niss np-nau nar npg npp oc3 pb7 gbm wwdo wvx pkx sgt wve p2fo red sga su-lam su-ler. ef-8SXIN, R. Alalinarde. QSL via “Journal des &” a Ruggles, (Euer) France. (Heard between Sept. 19th and Nov. 10th) 9bp 5ma lab Savi 4ei 4rm ldm isw 4dd Ibi &bre 2pe lap 4ps 3cdv 2z0 8am icw SGni 2ba &8bf 2ary Sbbe lahb 2uf lalr 2apv Saol 2Zamj 3gp 11j 3id Sdsy sb-lai sb-2ab sb-lbi sb-law sc-4ev sa-cd8 sa-bg8 su-2ar. M. Thomaddin, 16bis Blvd., St. Pacques, Paris, France. (Heard from November 13th to 21st) lbyf ladl Imp lbam ibux lads icmf laep laci Ird lavl lxv lbzp lbaa 11j lbhs Icjh lav! igi iIrf lbhm 2cjb 2ate 2px 2fj 2ae 2nz 2rs 2bbl 2atk 2uo 2tp 2em 2akv 2md 2cje 2bj 2al 2he 2bzo 2ctn 2xaf 3ep 3ckj 3ld 3s8j 3jo 4cv 4s] 4ba 4bn 5fa 5yd Ses Sarg Scpk 8pl Sdpn 8mec 8en Sadm &ded Sbsu 9btl Ivf on the 20 meter band. Sawo 2xt wik np-4sa lamd 2aol 3mv. 6BZR-6CXU, Bill Breuer, 1720 South Catalina Street, Les Angeles, Calif. lamd libqt lemx lou Iqb Ixv 2atk 2aml 2byq 2ke 2le 3buv 3bva 3ot 3we 3zo 4daah 4dbe 4bl 4cj 4cu dio 4nk 5ain Sakn Saqp 5adz bev 5jd bre Tke Tmy Tob Tpu Tts Tabb Samd Sccr 8dmm &Sdrz Sex Ske &rx &sf &zz 9aqq 9bbn 9bde Ybyc Ybwo Yckv Ycya Scwq Sbdf sa-bal oz-lax oz-2bg oz-2ac oz-2xa oz-3ai oz-3xb oz-4aa oz-d4dac oz-4am oz-4av oa-lyi oa-3ls oa-5kn se-2ah se-2ar se-2ld sc-4aq fo-a3b nm-lh nm-1j nm-1x nm-5c nm-9a sme dx8 pkx fr5 av7 aa7 xc55 ev8 f5e. 6CUC, J. Hollenback, 144 North Norton Avenue, Los Angeles, Calif. laru lana laox laxa lads lbea lbv! lbhs lee Ick ldr ifg lgv lemp l1kf lum Iixv lyb 2aes 2afg 2amg 2alm 2apd 2aqk 2blm 2bqs 2bqh 2cx!l 2evr 2evu 2caqz 2euq 2gy 2mm 2mvy 2nf 2nz 2sz 2tp 2uo 3afq Sabi Saic Bay 3ba 3bms 3bva 3ckj 3cewf 3lb 8mb 3zo0 4aak 4bn 4eu 4fl 4ft 4gb 4ha 4jk 4iz dob 4pz drm 4si 4qb 4wj dsp ne-Sef ne-igo ne-bar ne-4dw ne-4hh ne-4bb ne-lar ne-9al oz-lao oz-lax oz-2ac oz-2xa oz-2gc oz-2ae oz-3ai oz-3ar oz-3aj oz-4ak oz-4am oz-4ac oz-4av oa-2ds oa-2yi oa-2cs oa-2bk oa-2cg oa-2sh oa-3bd oa-3tm oa-3ef oa-3yx oa-3bk oa-d4an oa-4em oa-5bg oa-5da oh-6buc oh-6axw oh-6n! oh-G6aff oh-6dea oh-6tq oh-fxl oh-wyi fo-lsr fo-aSb fo-a3e fo-a4v fo-a5bo nm-In nm-ld nm-laa nm-lb nm-lj nm-lk nm-la nm-bx nm-9a op-lbd op-lau op-lcw op-Ipk op-lhr op-3aa aj-joc aj-ilts od-sk2 am-2se nj-2pz sc-2ah sc-2as sc-2ar sc-2ld sc-4aq sa-aa8S sb-lab su-2ak np-4sa np-4aq kfuh voq nar rxy. 6QW, George Denison, 121 41st Street, Oakland, Calif. oa-2bb oa-2bk oa-2cg oa-2cem oa-2ces oa-2tm oa-2ui oa-2yi oa-3bd oa-3ef oa-3o0h oa-3tm oa-3x0 oa-4cm oa-4rb oa-7es oa-7Tcow oa-7dx oa-7Tpf na-Tabe na-7bw na-7em na-7mk eb-y5 sb-2ab sb-5aa sc-2ar se-2id sc-3ij sc-9te ef-8ix ef-Sjb ef-8jn ac-Sem af-8qq eg-2od eg-2nm oh-G6aff oh-G6axw oh-6buc oh-6cst oh-6db! oh-6nl oh-60a oh-fil oh-fx1 ei-ler ei-lno aj-laa aj-lsm aj-lts aj-3az aj-jhbb nm-1j nm-ln nm-9a nm-jh nm-jk fo-aSe fo-a3x fo-a3z fo-a5bo fo-a6n fo-a7n op-lbd op-lhr sa-aa8 sa-cb8 oz-laa oz-lax oz-2ac oz-2xa oz-4aa oz-4ac oz-4bk abl bb3 di4 efg fblo fs6 kfuh kedf wia wve wvy wyc m5n nidk niss nkf nnp not sme xam. SADE, H. T. Barker, 144 Dundee Street, Buffalo, N. Y. (Heard during October and November) oa-3be oa-4rb oa-5bg oa-5bq oa-5ma oa-5wh oa-5wv be-4qq nb-lab sb-lak sb-lam sb-law sb-lib sb-lwr sb-2af sb-2ab sb-5aa sb-6qa sc-2as ee-ear2 ef-Sba ef-8cl ef-8cu ef-Sgi ef-8il ef-8jf ef-8kv ef-8woz

Page 55

February, 1927

eg-2nh eg-2nm_ eg-5hs *i-lau ei-lay ei-lco Syor jhp eg-2bi eg-2jb , ivk eg-6yd eo-2Zit eo-6mu ei-acd

lew nj ek-4dabge ek-4yab nm-1j nm-9a nm-jh th fo-a5o fo-lsr nq-Skp sa-afl sa-dz9 su-Zak jaa oikp sqiq AMU, C. V. Frisinger, 120 Hilson Ave., Mt. Oliver P. O., Pittsburgh, Pa. (Heard during November) i 2acy 3dkk 4dd 5dt 5Sqs 5Stt 6Gadp 6awaq 6bif wy 6cuw 6daq Tal Tdk Tek Tob Tor Twu 9%akm ne-3kt ne-ldm sb-laa sb-lbi sb-lip sb-2af Sip ef-Syor eo-2it brs36 kjoe nq-2lc.

SCDB, Rebert Wood, 860 Maryland Ave., Syracuse, N. Y (Heard between Nov. 1 and Nov. 18)

acd «6lei-lco§ ef-8gi ef-&ss ef-sx ef-&8fk ef-dh “tok exg-2od eg-6kk eg-60x eg-2nb eg-2cc sb-5aa Zag sb-5ab sb-lac sb-5ar fo-a6n fo-aSe fo-a5 jor am-2se op-ldl op-lhp eb-4rs ee-ear4l oz-3af jan oz-dag oz-3ac oz-3ad oz-4ak oz-4mm oa-2gi jad Gaih 6awt. 8DCW, Saranac, Michigan (During November) 1 6abe 6babm Gach G6acz 6badp Gafp 6Gagd G6ahp

mm 6are 6arv 6aut 6awaq 6bbq 6bhch Gbheb G6bhge 6bhi hr 6bil 6biz 6bjf 6brm 6btm 6bux 6bve 6bvw vy 6bxi 6bxn 6bxv Gbye Gbhyh 6byz 6bzf G6bzn 6cad n 6edz 6chn 6chq 6cht 6cmt 6cnm 6enn 6cos 6cpn i 6csx 6ctx Geua 6Geuu 6Gevw 6cxf Gcyu 6czb 6dam an 6deq 6ddo 6am 6bq 6dn 6fa 6ga Ghj 6kd 6li 6mu r 6ty 6ua 6yd Tabi 7adg Taib 7Tbb Tbd 7Tdk 7ej 7fe 7zb k 7kq 7ld Tnp 7 ‘or Tag its 7tx 7xt Tya oa-2bb oa-2cs

-2he oa-2jy oa-2ry oa-2sh oa-2yi oa-3de oa-Sef -Sem oa-4bd oa-5bg oa-5he oa-Tcew oa-7Trs na-4ni i-Tkn na-wwdo eb-h5 eb-n33 eb-o5 eb-3aa_ sb-lak -lal sb-lam sb-lao sb-law sb-lib sb-2ab sb-2af -2Zag sb-2ia sb-baa sb-6qb sb-sqiq ne-lan nce-ldd -ldm ne-2fo ne-3adn ne-3ct ne-3do ne-3jl ne-3nj -xi ne-4al ne-4ck ne-4hs ne-5ar ne-5ct ne-Saw “Zab sec-2ah sc-2as sc-2ld sc-nad ee-earl ef-8bbk ef-Scl ef-S8ct ef-8fj ef-8fk ef-Sgi ef-8gm _ ef-Sha ef-Sia ef-Six ef-8jc ef-8jn ef-8kf ef-8kb ef-Sprd Sssw ef-Stis ef-Sudi ef-Syor ef-jhp eg-! eg-2if r-2nm eg-20d eg-2oq eg-2qb eg-2vq eg-! eg-5by r-5dh eg-Shy eg-5ku eg-5mq eg-5ul eg eg-5waq g-Ghvp eg-6yd se-lfg eo-2it eo-llb eg-6nh oh-6axw h-6def oh-6dea ei-lau ei-lay ei-lco ei-lgw ei-lma -acd nj-Zpz ej-4abf nm-lj nm-In nm-5b nm-9a nm-cyy nm-jh nm-xc2 fo-a3b fo-a3c fo-a5o fo-abt np-4iq np-9c nq-Skp .sa-afl sa-bal sa-de® sa-dh5 i-lbu su-led su-2ak oz-2ac oz-2ae oz-2gc oz-2xa -Saj oz-3ar oz-4ac ank age ardi fut gfup hik ne2a crb octn rrp sfv suc2. SDED, William and Russell Sakkers, 53 East 7th Street, Holland, Michigan. Gaah Gaas Gabe Gabm Gab Gadp Gagd Gage Gagr Sahs Gain 6aix 6ajm 6Gakm Gale 6am 6anp 6anw 6ac fare 6aut Gave 6Gazv Gham 6bbq 6bch Gbhen G6bhi 6bhz bjl 6bpn 6bs 6bux 6bzf Gbvge Gbhvo 6bvq G6bhvx bbws 6bwy 6bis 6bxi 6bxj 6bhw G6Gbyh 6bzm 6bzq 6bz 6ccm feg~m 6berew G6chk 6che G6Gchn 6ckv 6ciz 6enh 6enn 6co feqa 6cqm G6eqw 6ect 6ctx G6cua G6ceuc G6eui 6bcuw emz 6cub 6cyh 6cyn 6cyu 6eww 6dn Ger 6ew 6bew 6ku 6mi 6mu 6np 6o0i 6bub 6ud 6uo 6vr Ght 6ul Gur 6ug rat 6zbj 6bbx Taao Tafg Tal Tav Tbb Tdd 7fl 7ei hp Tor Tok Too 7tj] Tuw Tuh Tvv oa-3ef oa-3an 6}

i-3bd oa-2yi oa-2bb oa-2tm oa-4ac oa-4yn oa-5wh a-5be oa-Tew nb-4eb sb-lam sb-laa sb-laf sb-lax b-lib sb-lap sb-lac sb-lba sb-2af sb-2ag sb-2ab b-bFaa sb-5ab sb-6qa sb-law ne-lbf ne-ldd nc-2bg ne-3in ne-3adn ne-3jl ne-3nj ne-3we ne-3xi ne-3zb ne-4bb ne-4dq ne-4dw ne-5ef ne-4hs ne-4gw oh-Gasr oh-6dea nm-laf nm-laa nm-le nm-1j nm-5b nm-9a nm-cyy (sm-Ip) fo-a3b fo-a4dz fo-a5o sa-cb® sa-de® 8a-dh5 sa-bal ef-ctm ef-Seu ef-Six ef-&jf ef-8¢m ef-Sjin ef-8ct ef-S8sv ef-Syor ef-8kf ef-octn so-lbu su-lam u-led su-leg su-2ak op-wve oz-lax oz-2ae o7-2ak OZ-2xa oz-d4dac nq-5ry nq-Skp np-4sa ei-lco 8

QST 53

sea jm-2pz bam abl amx 9%ze at wwdo naw c-2as sc-2]ld sc-4aq aaj aa7 oedj nkf nauv nau cf-5ef bib dx® 9DSQ, Paul D. Records, Glenwood, Ia. laao ladm ladw laei laga lamd lacx lasu lave lavl law lawe lawr laxx lbem libez lbhs lbms Ilbsc lea leaw ichw lef lcl lemf ldi ldnl lduq ldx ldz lfg Iga lic 1jf lle llv Imy lor Irf luv lus Ixv lxm lzd lzw 2adz 2agt 2ah 2ahq 2ak 2al 2am! 2aqk 2ar 2as 2avr 2axy 2az 2bbx 2bse 2bu 2bzo 2ce cco 2cuq 2evj 2cx! 2doz 2dzo 2fe 2jm 2ly 2mu 2od 2rk 2xi 2xaf 3acw Sboa 3bsp S3bua 3bw 3cd 3gj 3¢ep 3jl 3ly 3my 3qs 3wf dag day 4deo 4dd 4ft 4pf 4sb 4sc 4tn 6aaf Gadi 6ahm 6am G6arc 6axw 6bbq 6bhi 6bib 6bp! 6bpn 6brm 6bvv G6bvy 6bxl 6cqm 6cre 6esx 6ewg 6dar 6or 6pr 6qu 6sg 6uq 6za Tdf Tht Tor Tug Tvh ee-earl ee-ear6 ee-ear9 oa-2ak oa-2bb oa-2cs oa-2no0 oa-3yo oa-4an oa-7Tew sb-2ab eg-2cc eg-2bz eg-2ab nm-le nm-le nm-lk nm-lg nm-lx nm-5b nm-9a oz-2ac oz-2ak oz-2ae oz-2ga oz-4aa oz-4am oz-4as se-2ld ef-8ma oh-fxl rau. 9AGG, W. J. Romanouski, 621 East 7th Street, Peru, Ill. oa-2bb oa-2bk oa-2cg oa-2sh oa-2yi oa-3en oa-3em oa-3kb oa-3my oa-3xo oa-4bd oa-5kn oa-5nb oa-5nd sb-l2 sb-2ab ef-8gi ef-Syor ei-lai nm-jh nm-5c nm-9a fo-2me oz-lax oz-2ab oz-2bg¢ oz-2br oz-2gc oz-2xa oz-3ai oz-3ar oz-3xb oz-4aa oz-d4ac oz-4am oz-4ar aaz abl gia hik qea xam xda. 9KM, Clarence Falstron, 1866 Delavan Avenue, Kansas City, Kansas. (Heard during October and November) oa-2bb oa-2bk oa-2yi oa-3em oa-3ls oa-4dan oa-4am oa-5bge oa-irm oa-jwh oa-7Tcs oa-7la oa-7ew sb-law sb-lba sb-lib ne-2bg ne-3fe ne-4ek ne-5ac ne-5ef ne-9aq ne-9ed sce-2ah sc-2ar sc-2ld ef-2ct ef-8jc ef-8jn eg-2nm eg-2od eg-5if nm-lj nm-lIn nm-jh nm-9a nm-xc51 fo-a’b fo-a3e fo-a3z fo-a4z fo-a5o nq-Skp xam su-2ak oz-lax oz-2ac oz-4aa oz-4am aa7l w3fw wwdo Sma am-2se. op-1BD, Camp Nichols, Rizal, P. I. (Heard during October) oa-2ag oa-2bb oa-2cg oa-2dy oa-2sh oa-2s0 oa-<Byh ou-2yi oa-3bd oa-3ls oa-4an oa-4rb oa-5bw oa-5hr oa-5kn oa-5bwa oa-7gh oa-7cs oa-Tcw oa-Sac oa-2bk od-sk2 od-sk3 sb-lab sb-lac sb-lad sb-lak sb-lan sb-lam sb-laq sb-law sb-lbi sb-2ab sb-2ad sb-2ae sb-2ak sb-2an sb-2am sb-6qb sb-sni sc-2as od-andir ef-Sjc ef-8jn ef-8kf ef-8mul ef-S8qrt ef-8tuv ac-8flo ac-Szw ac-8xx eg-2bz eg-2lz eg-2nm eg-2od eg-5nj eg-5by oh-6asr oh-6buc oh-6def oh-6nl oh-6sh ho-fil oh-fxl ho-dm2 ei-lau ei-lgw aj-laa aj-lgs aj-lkk aj-lko aj-llt aj-imk aj-lmt aj-lqaq aj-lsh aj-lsk aj-lsm aj-lso aj-lts aj-lzb aj-2xy aj-3aq aj-3aa aj-3yz aj-8xz en-rdm fo-lsr fo-a3e fo-a3k fo-ade fo-adz fo-adv fo-abh fo-abo fo-ads fo-a5x fo-a5z fo-a6n fo-a6r fo-a6y fo-a7b fo-aTh fo-whn ep-9aa rxy ed-2co em-3xx em-sad em-smtn sa-lba su-lbu su-led su-2ak su-2ax oz-2ac oz-2xa oz-2br oz-3xb oz-4aa oz-4ac aga agb age anc and anf asd arcx b&2 bxy fw gbk gbm gfup giq giky hva hvn isl jbi jyz kel ket kle kut oedj pke pkh rerl rua vps wucc wvy 20 meters. af-lb oa-2ac oa-2yi oz-2ac am-2se eg-2nm 6xbb agc aga agb wil 2xs 2xsa oh-bam 5Sadc 5ado 5agw 5Saio Sahl Samy 5arn 5aur 5¢x She 5jk 51f 5ma 5pk 5uk 6zat 6rw 6mu 6bxe Gary G6ahr 6cll 6amm 6bjv 6vmi 6cua 6bxi 6bege 6clz 6bmw cto 6bzm Gbbvy 6kb 6ae 6bvx 6awu 6to 6bav Gabg 6ajm 6rj 6atm G6acg 6bpg 6in 6cys 6xbb G6bhiv 6bxu 6deq 6Gakp 6cax 6bjx Gaps 6bba 6ddo 6adp 6ckv Gbpn Gea G6bhr 6fa 6qb bakg 6zac Twu Tit 7bb 9dpw 9cvy 9bez 9dkm Yaek 9edw. Hawthorne Road, Caufield, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia lhr laao lau lemp 1dj lakz Irm Irx IlIbbq Ibjx 1fi lazd 1lzs luw laxa 2kd 2bw 2bg¢ 2ry 2ns 2eme 2me 2amj 2xaf 2kb 2ima 2bv 2mn 2kg 2cx 2czr 3gn Sra Slw Sagu Safq 3at 3qv 3zo 4daah 4irz 4cb 4fl 4go far 4mv 4si 4rm 4vi 4aae 4ft 4dd 4kj 5il 5bd 5uk bagu 5ft Saab 5is 5yb 5eh 5aij 5nw 5ak! 5auz 5akt 5lo 5ua Svu Ske 5agw Spi Same Sadt 5ado 5amt 5ww 5agn Sfe 5aq 5atf Sql Sap 5bx E. S. Yorston, 5Bnn 5aec Shu 5asu

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54 QST : bavi fadm 6deu Gbaiw 6bhz Gawt ¢ Imt 6tm 6cub bem 6bo bcto 6ek Ghr me 6xi 6emu 6rw 6fp 6ahp 6nx 6bbha 6a 6cjn 6bbb 6Grf 6Gbhdp 6Gakm 6fz feb ¢ t 6beel 6Gpck G6edq Gabe 6bwi 6bu Sdey arx 6mb 6bhr 6ajm 6ih 6beww | f a 6bjx 6bxe 6bvwm 6vy 6chl 6mu ¢ le Galt 6btw 6bhgo 6Gbhaf Gakp 6axw 6kd 6ez Gchy 6aiz Geing 6dw 6bhm hj 6adv Gadp Gae Grp 6act 6Bewm m 7df Teh 7gz 7Tnt Tmn 7Tmf Tmu . Syy Sez Sbf &bq Sade Sbau Rae She Selr Spl &ke Sbnh &jz Sajn &tk Rog &t m 9bsz Seez 9bsq Sud Shp Y%or Oxi On f Ofjir Sche Sabj Sua 9rx Sdoq Odng 1 Secor Scuc 92t Sbdq Ycua Dew ek Sdud O9diz 9ded Sabr %dbb % he Sagd Sctg Odbf Sdr 9bht Ae} oa-2ky oa-2¢b oa-2fe oa-2uc yh oa-2lo oa-2mh oa-2cs oa- oa- tyn oa-2nm oa-2em oa-2sw oa-2tr ’ow oa-2ik oa-2bw oa-2ga oa-2bk oa-2¢w oa-2rd oa-2ij oa-2dj oa-2wh oa-2dy oa-2jt oa-2o0k oa-2jp oa is oa-2sh oa-2cy oa-2xi oa-2qq oa-3ad oa-3mr oa-3yx oa-3lp oa-3sr oa tar oa-3uz oa-3me oa-3ux oa- oa-3er oa-3dp oa-3tm oa-3ef oa-Sbh oa-3by oa-3bu oa-3sw oa-3dg on oa-3bl oa-3jr oa-3lr oa-3ot oa ® oa-3wa oa-3cq oa-3am oa-3dec oa -3en oa-3xo0 oa-3xz oa-3qh oa Imy oa-Sak oa-3ev oa-3ui oa oa-3ra oa-3sz oa-3jj oa-3rk oa m-Se¢f oa-3px oa-3en oa-4an ‘ oa-4wi oa-4em oa-4wb oOa-4sn oa-4 oa-4kr oa-d4dad oa-4do oa-4g0 oa-4 r oa-4eg oa-Say oa-5if oa-5di oa : oa-5rm oa-5dn oa-5cl oa-5bw on oa-5ma oa-5ing oa-6ag oa-6wf oa oa-6kx oa-6sa oa-6mu oa-6wp ” oa-Tgh oa-7Tms oa-7bq oa-7cs oa-7Tla oa-Thl oa-Tom gdvb npo nba nkf ndj nije npg vin vim nkv ngo nog kie kdka vis bam cza kfuh d w efocng ef-ocdj ef-8jn ef-Sif ef-8 ef-8¢i ef-8g¢m ef-8po ef-8bf ef-8 Rdi ef-Sag ef-Six ef-8fit ef-S8tuv ‘ ef-Shu ef-8bp ef-ocdb ef-ffa ‘ fm-8ma af-hva af-ffz af-hvn fh-Sbri ek-yp ek-y5 ek-ys ek-i2 ghp ap-6zk eb-5k eb-4zz eb-all m-pda em-spr em-suc em-smtn ee-arl ee-ar22 ee-ar9 eg-2od eg-2iz eg-2de eg-2aav eg-2xa exg-2nm eg-2mz eg-5rq eg-5az ex-5by eg-6td eg-6yd eg-6pr e su-jep su-led su-laa ai-hbk : -a8e fo-a3b fo-a6s fo-a6a fo-a6n am ei-lew ei-lco ei-lau ei-lap ei-Int m ei-lat ei-nec ei-lgw ne-3nc ne-3 lzq aj-lsm aj-3aa aj-lts aj-3az ' " ® ep-Sor op-cd& op-lhr op-lau op-! lat op-las op-Ildl nm-1lj nm-xbe nn -Irw oz--ap oz-lak oz-lax oz-1 ow-2¢c oz-2ak o2-2bx oz-2xa oz-2 on-Saf oz-3ad o2z-3xb o7z-daa oz-4an lak oz-dad oz-dac oz-4dav sb-laq 2 i sx 2S wo sag me ROS! wr Allee du Rocher, Clighy-s/-Bois S.-£0), France. aa aim lads laer laic lamd laox lear | laze lazr layl Ibam iIbbl lbbr lbat Ibif lbqb leaw Ickp Icki leye lemf leus 1 imy lor lpy lqb Ird irf ism Isr lsw Ixam Ixy Ixm l1zs ixv lbux 2abp 2abw aym 2anx 2arm 2ayz 2bum 2buy 2bo 2 w 2cei lerb 2ctn 2cevy 2dm 2fy 2kx 2nz rs 2tp 2uo 2xaf 2ad!] Sael Safa Sagt ny 3bm 3bms 3bqj 3buw 3bwt 3cky Sck jin 3io0 3lid 3lw 3mp 3pf 3qw 3tr Swi if! 4go 4qb 4rm 4s! bayg 5amn AO X » Sev bid Soa Bbyf Tek Sadx Safq Sakh bbe Sbbw Sbda Sbrd S8bre 8bsu Sbt Sesv Sdal Sdhu 8Sdif S8dmz Sdsy February, 1927 Sjm Sve Svv Szae Sakf Yaxh Sbde Bbjiw Bbiz Mb Seca Sees Yee} BSevn Sexe Bdke Ydnge Year Vell 9 9fu 9me ne-lac ne-lar ne-2fo ne-3fo ne-9al. ef-8YNB lajx lads lera lbjb Inx lle lau Izt 3bwt 4ev 9bzs. eg-2AJL, R. W. Arnott. The Garth, Menmouth, England (80-meter band between Nov. Ist and Dec. 12th ladw idq Ibjk Isl laci Imp Ird ich 1xj lve Ile lmk Ibqd 2esd 2anx 2bhe 2ctf 2evj Zajq Zob Zait 2nz Zac 2ev 2tp 2bvh 3cah Sav Spf 3ep dre 4rn 4sv dr Saad Sceo Sue Sajk Sayd Srh Sbf Sbth Sbvr sav Sarge Safq Seev 9enc 9bht Yadk sb-lwr sb-lai sb-5ab snni. W. H. Talbott-Smith, 16 Farman Rd., Coventry, England (Heard between Oct. 3ist and Nov. 7th) lazk lak laao lay! lakz laay laxa lbez icjh licn Ich lemf lpe liqz las lvz lzw 2aco 2afo 2ay 2ab 2ba 2ca 2ctn 2ce 2erb 2emf Zid 2nz Zoq 2vz 2xaf 2xe¢ 3auv 3he 3jo 3lw 3zo 4dd 4ak Spz Tjo 8eceq Sh Sbuy sb-laa sb-lao sb-lad sb-lbi sb-lid sb-2am sb-2axc sb-2af sb-2ia sc-2Zas sc-p3fz se-plak su-2ak su-2an sb-lar sb-lal sb-law sb-lbc sb-lbi sb-lia sb-lib sb-lbn su-lam sa-2db. ei-1CO, G. L. Colonnetti, Via Maria Vittoria N.24, Torino, Italy laac laao laci lads laf laff lahx lakz lalr lamd lapy laxa lIben lIbhm Ibke Ich Ickp lIemp lien; Ika Imy Ird luuw iIzw 2aan 2aco 2agq 2am 2am Zabp 2bbb 2bqh 2byg 2bum 2ecrb 2cyx 2pp 2px 2tp Sacf 3cvd 3lw 3mv 32zo 4bx 4ft 4hx 4it 4ux 4ya 4wj Sabk Sadg Sahe Saly Save Sbbe Sbf Sbth &edv Sdx 8jq 8xe Szae 9bmx Ycpq Y9drs Yeji Shp oa-2bb oa-2cm oa-2cs oa-3x0 oa-7cs oa-Thl sb-laf sb-lak sb-laj sb-lam sb-lap sb-lao sb-law sb-lax sb-lbd sb-Ibg sb-Ibh sb-lbi sb-iqa sb-lib sb-2ab sb-2af sb-2as sb-2a0 sb-2fo sb-5ad sb-9qa ne-led ne-2be se-2ab sec-2ah sc-2)d af-8qq nm-lj nm-iIn ni-3jw fo-a3b fo-abx fo-a6n np-4je np-4sa sa-aa8 sa-db2 sa-fc6 sa-ga2 su-Ied su-2ak oz-2ac oz-2ae oz-2xa oz-2bg oz-2br oz-2bs oz-3ai oz-4am nad nkf niss tuk 20 meter band. Icmp iIrd 2cty Saxa 9dbw af-Ib el-lx oz-2ac. nr-O15, J. L. Thissen, Herungerweg 110, Venlo, Holland laao lamd lack laci Idjk Ich lIemp iIckp ldm 1kl Ikmx Inq Ird Isi Isw iyb 2ait 2ah 2agq 2cvj 2cexb 2ezr 2nz 2pp 2sz 2uo 2xad 2xaf 2zv 3id 3nr 3ql 4ch Secq 92t oa-2ac oa-2cem sb-lac sb-lad sb-laf sb-lag sb-lak sb-lam sb-lan sb-lao sb-lap sb-laq sb-2ab sb-2af sb-2ag sb-2as sb-5aa sb-5ab sb-5ac sb-6qa sb-6qb sb-poa sb-sql sb-ptr sb-pts ne-lak sc-2ab se-3ij sc-9te fe-f2 af-lb nm-xc55 fo-a3b fo-a3e fo-a4! fo-a6n fr-3f1 fr-3cb op-lhr op-3aa op-ajd op-nuq np-4ja np-4je np-4rl np-4rx np-4sa sa-aa8 sa-bal sa-bI8 sa-cb3 sa-chb8 sa-dab sa-db2 sa-dd7 sa-de2 sa-gt su-lar su-led su-lfb su-2ak su-8zr oz-3ar and anf hva kel nab naw nkf pjc suc spl wao wil ardi se-IEG, Edmundo Guevara R., Vileun, Chile, S. A. 20-meter band age bwff pcx pil 1xs. 7 MeStrays $s : You have noted in the new Amateur Call Books (Government) that the station calls have been indexed by town and state, a great help to the relay man who wants to find a list of the stations in the town he has msgs for. FB and thanks, Mr. Hoover. , : :

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February, 1927 Correspondence The Publishers of QST assume no responsibility tor statements made herein by correspondents Greetings From South Africa Headquarters, The S.A.R.R.L. Johannesburg, South Africa. Dear Mr. Maxim: By the time this letter reaches you our thoughts will be with you and the boys across there, and we shall be thinking of you spending a real old Christmas with snow and cold winds which are so necessary to make our idea of Christmas complete. Here of course we are at midsummer, which tate does not assist in the complete de- truction of unlimited portions of roast turkey and Christmas pudding. On behalf of the hams in South Africa and particularly the members of the S.A.R.R.L., I wish to express to you ou incere good wishes for the festive season. We thank you for the assistance you have given us and we hope that our splendid relationship will continue from year to year. Will you kindly convey the greetings of my Executive Committee to the Staff at Hq. on your side? We like to feel that we are trying to run our League on lines similar to the A.R.R.L. We fail badly at times but are never disheartened. Our members are small in number but the boys are big in their desire to help along the good work of International Amateur Radio, which will lead to international peace surely. Be sure to ask any hams who contemplate visiting South Africa during the coming months to get in touch with me so that I can arrange with our lads at the coast to meet them and extend to them that feeling of brotherhood which exists now across the air, and which we know we shall receive if and when we visit your country. With kindest wishes and 73, OM. Yours very sincerely, —Raymond Coombs, Honorary Org. Secretary. High Voltage Voltmeters 1640-50 Walnut St., Chicago, Ill. Editor, QST: The writer’s attention has been called to a number of articles in the radio press along the lines given below and which we feel are misleading to the general public. We give below a brief description of what has been QST said, the reaction of the radio builder and the reasons for our questioning the wisdom of these statements. A number of articles has appeared in the radio press in which it is stated that a high resistance voltmeter may be made by con- necting in series a low reading milliammeter and a high resistance of the proper value. For instance, a milliammeter reading one milliampere full scale used in conjunction with a 0.2-megohm resistance, will make a legitimate voltmeter, reading 200 volts full scale. It is, however, very difficult to ob- tain on the open market a high resistance of the proper accuracy and made of the proper material for such a purpose. The average man will go to a radio store and purchase a grid leak or other high resistance which is entirely unsuitable for the work on hand. That is, a 0.2-megohm grid leak rarely has a resistance of 0.2 megohm. Grid leaks are usually adjusted by the large manufac- turers to come within 10 percent, and many on the market are far from being this ac- curate. The voltage readings will be no better than the accuracy of the grid leak. Further, every grid leak has a material temperature coefficient; those of carbon or inked paper having a negative coefficient and some other types positive. They will vary as much as % percent per degree Farenheit. Even though compensated for room temper- ature, the current through the leak will usu- ally heat it so that its temperature is con- siderably above that of the room and more errors result. It should be understood of course, that for their purpose grid leaks are entirely satis- factory since a variation of 10 percent in the value of the grid leak or high resistance in a receiving set or resistance coupled ampli- fier makes a very small difference. Such an error in the reading of a voltmeter is, how- ever, a different matter. High resistance voltmeters are expensive because their resistance is made of wire properly insulated and of the proper alloy to have a zero change of resistance with tem- perature. Being made of such material, they will read accurately under all ordinary con- ditions. Such wire-wound resistances for several hundred volts usually contain sev- eral thousand feet of wire, and are conse- quently expensive to make. In view of these facts a voltmeter made with a commercial resistance can rarely be relied upon to be accurate to better than 10

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percent. greater. should a of the po tation of high res — Joh Keyir Editor, ¢ It ha write tl stalled plate sup been a method All ¢ binatior tween | all OST has beer click wh het two fi bull’s tube vents bre fool wit! break 50' resistar 1,000 vy By with a 4 tacts and click cal meters off ceiver 1 the transi feet apart ceivers he the set heterody same r‘ a lamp k: the house QST eases the error will be a combination is used it done with the knowledge rs and not with the expec- a high grade and accurate tmeter. Electrical Engineer, ell Electrical Inst. Co. Battery-Operated lransmitters Batavia, New York. and one half years to That long ago 8AX in- Willard B battery for e then key clicks have source of worry. Every n QST has been tried. ince and condenser com- condenser connected be- | negative high voltage in ritten so far. Everyone and found to leave a heard on Radiola Super- w the transmitter. Turn- stops the click but pre- k and is also too fickle to man’s keying circuit will but no combinations of be found here to break lick. ng in the negative lead nser across the relay con- choke in the line, no on a receiver tuned 3 king wave (with the re- of course) and with dome 3h cape Shy Relay /@o0r | 4utd nd receiver not over four is no QRX for B.C. re- [It is impossible to hear listening on a super- r 10 feet away when this pick up a click everytime turned on anywhere in ~—E. C. Walker, 8AX February, 1927 It Is Real Work 2227 Lake Shore Avenue, Los Angeles, Cal. December 29, 1926. Editor, QST: To some of us who are not quite so inter- ested in traffic handling as some other phases of amateur radio it seems as if “Pse QSL” is the cry of the day. Being no longer directly engaged in operating either of the two A.R.R.L. Standard Frequency Stations (1XM and 9XL) I feel able to talk mor freely than formerly. Has it ever occurred to you (the gang, not the Editor) that a large amount of work is necessary to put out these sched- ules? Doesn’t an OWLS—SF deserve a QSLL even more than the average station, whether the DX be large or small? Many letters received when I was looking for a station for the Central States showed that amateurs think that once given a good wavemeter it’s easy to run an S.F. station. Actually, days and days of preliminary work are necessary and every schedule mus. be operated by three or four men. Each station frequently checks from the other, from harmonics of WWV’s schedules, and particularly from piezo crystals calibrated at both the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Bureau of Standards; occasional checkings are made by the OWLS Committee also. On my way west I spent five days working with the gang at 9XL, and when I left the work was not more than half done; that gives an idea of the preliminary work necessary to insure such a high degree of accuracy. And why is all this work done? So that you and you, Messrs. Average Amateur (and other high frequency users) may have an accurate wavemeter. You don’t even have to go outside the house, let alone pay- ing good money for a calibration. Isn’t a card or letter every time you use these sig- nals a pretty cheap price to ask for all this work? Sincerely, —Killian V. R. Lansigh. In charge, A.R.R.L. Standard Frequency Stations, Secretary, Alpha Sigma Delt Fra- ternity (radio). No-Loss and Low-Loss Headquarters Sixth Corps Area, Office of Signa! Officer, 1819 West Pershing Road, Chicago, II. Editor, QST: I note in your December issue an article on “The Relative Importance of Losses in Radio Receiving Systems,” by William W. Harper. It is, indeed, a pleasure to meet

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February, 1927 through your columns men in this compara- tively youthful industry who are not afraid to express opinions contrary to popular be- ief. Unhappily, most of us are prone to write more or less for the glorification of our deals and the display of our knowledge rather than for the education of our readers. The great Steinmetz said in his first vol- ime, “All things pertaining to these works ire simple if we analyze them as we go along”, meaning that apparent knotty problems may be untangled if only one knot t atime is untied. Mr. Harper in his work s, apparently, undoing his knots one at a time. It was very amusing during some of the ecent radio shows to see people advertis- ng “low-loss” and “no-loss” coils and con- lensers, while their competitors at the ther end of the hall displayed signs which read “Low-Loss and No-Loss is Bunk”. Ob- viously both were wrong but the public could not discriminate. Mr. Harper’s article tends » clear up in the minds of the multitude misunderstandings which such signs and advertisements have created. —C. B. Robinson, Radio Engineer. Re:Handy’s Handy Handbook for Hams Omaha, Nebraska. Editor, QST: The Hams’ Handbook came today. It sure is FB, much more than was expected. Con- gratulations, OM. Any amateur who does not get one is outa luck. By the way please tell Mr. Hoover that I will be off the air for i while because I am going to read, read, read. The biggest buck’s worth I ever got in radio. —Herb Jones, 9DUH Is It Fading? Tippecanoe City, > Ohio. Editor, QST: All of us have noticed the peculiar char- acteristics of the short waves, and there has been much discussion in QST and elsewhere about the skip distance, reflection theories, effects of the sun, etc. These acute changes were more surprising to some of us old ama- teurs who had been so familiar with the long waves that the way the signals behaved on 40 meters was almost unbelievable. Among these changes there is one which I have never heard mentioned. When listen- ing a little below 40 meters in the evening we hear foreign amateurs sometimes loud and steady, sometimes fading very much like any other signals yet often seeming to QsT sound “hollow” as if the signals were rever- berating from a cavity, sounding deep and muffled; in other words sounding as though they were coming from the other end of a large, hollow pipe. Tuning up to the U. S. band I have noticed some very close stations have the same hollow sound, and upon investigation these stations have been found to be within a few hundred miles and operated with a lot of power, the low-power near-by stations being inaudible. I am wondering if any of the other fel- lows have noticed this phenomena and if it has been accounted for? —Kenneth Trost, 8BAD Filing QSL Cards Frankfort, Michigan. Editor, QST: An invoice book, such as those kept by storekeepers, makes a good QSL card file. The cards can be pasted into the book the same as the invoices are. When so mounted they are always kept in neat order and are readily available for reference. These books sell for fifty cents and are a boon to the man who cannot paper the walls with his cards. —George Collier, 83CYM Please Note 106 Rushdale Road, Meersbrook, Sheffield, England. Editor, QST: A well-known firm in this country re- cently published a letter headed “A Report From the A. R. R. L.” and as this letter was from a member I wrote them. They replied that they were not aware that the report was not from Headquarters but only the opinion of a member of the League. As this mistake has been made before according to QST, I think members ought to put a note at the bottom of such letters making it clear that such letter is not from League Head- quarters. This would stop a lot of misun- derstanding on the part of both members and firms receiving such letters. —Adolphus S. Williamson Further Reports on the Aurora 269 Princess St., Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Dear Editor: Starting on Oct. 19th I decided to make some notes on the aurora. That evening at 7 p.m. I noted the first rays of the aurora.

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I imme meter Howevse I and br accordit able to any extr the sig the ray back ag here, W meter aurora worse only sta was QRZ only thr Oct. 22 still ver a painf quiet. normal! above oscillatir usual lowing) and 11 } Conc! until that one the set sigs her Dayt coast Edit Mors very g can bh QST nned the phones. The 40- coming in fine and loud. e rays increased in length [ noted that the sigs faded ng near a window I was ghts and to notice that when ng bursts of lights occurred, away immediately. When wn the 40-meter sigs came [Z, who is always readable nd fading badly. No 40- be heard at all after the tarted. Oct. 20 was even all, not even WIZ. The broke thru was LP1 who ‘ist was nearly as bad as ns were logged here. On tarted to come in again but After 7 p.m. these all died until all was peaceful and 23rd sigs again nearly ect to lots of fading. The ms were all taken on an ctor and one step audio, the tuner and (I stress the fol- pe Signal condensers of 5 The aurora has no effect here proximately 7 p. m. After as well go to bed and forget use trying to listen for the the aurora starts. right. Sigs from both -V. Sharp, Canadian 3VS. Pipe Antennas Lakeside Club, Roosevelt, Arizona. the vertical pipe antenna—a and one that looks fairly well, from steam condenser tubes, February, 1927 either brass or copper. The tubes can obtained at a very small cost from the loca power company or anywhere else wher steam is used. The tubes for steam work must be renewed regularly and the old ones junked. They can be jointed by sweating in a piece of brass or copper rod which just fits in the ends of the pipe and then filling the groove where the two ends come together with solder. This idea, as far as I know, comes from Mayfield of 6AZM. The an- tennas made from this tubing are quite rigid and present a neat appearance. —F. F. Taylor, 6BJ! About Esperanto c/o U. S. Postoffice, Madison, Kansas, Sro. Kenneth B. Warner, Secretario de la American Radio Relay League, Hartford, Conn. Tre estimata Sinjoro: Preskau dekok monatoj pasighas de post kiam vi sciigis min ke la Ligo kune kun la samcelanaj ligoj de Europo, jam decidis alpreni Esperanton kiel dua au internacia lingvo por paralado trans la limoj inter- naciaj.* De post tiu tempo, la amikoj de Esperanto estas kuraghigitaj de amikajhoj de kaj la Ligo de Nacioj kaj la poshtaj kaj telegrafaj asocioj de Europo. Chio chi estas bonaj—sur papero—sed chu ia konstatebla progreso estas faranta de Esperanto kiel chiutage, praktika afero? Chu iuj radiaj amatoroj en Ameriko au Eu- ropo estas uzantaj la lingvon au lernantaj ghin? Mi dankas vin. Via por Radio kaj Esperanto, —Elmer E. Haynes. *The League has recommended Esperanto to its members who are interested in an _ internationa! auxiliary language. See p. 40, September, 1924 QST. —Editor.

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ALUMINUM is a NECESSITY in RADIO ODAY the crowding of the air makes shielding essential. Radio has turned to Aluminum for shielding because its properties permit the effective elimination of many of the hazards to perfect reproduction. ‘By using Aluminum for top, base, sides and center interstage shield, the designer of the R. B. Lab. 2-tube Receiver has created an effective combination. The 3/32” sheet Aluminum Panel is a photographic reproduction of a rare piece of walnut. Hammarlund-Roberts, Sil- ver-Marshall, L. C. 27 and Varion A. C. specify Aluminum for shielding. {JAlcoa Wing type Aluminum shields prevent interstage interference effectively and eco- nomically. Can-type Shields made of Aluminum are fully effective—individually protecting the various stages. ‘Alcoa Aluminum is effective due to its high dura- bility and low electrical resistance. ‘Used for cabinets and panels Alcoa Aluminum is light, easily worked and is available in the most beautiful wood effects. Here are some of the Applications:— Alcoa Shields, Box Shields, Cabinets, Panels, Variable Condensers, High-purity Rods, Foil for Fixed Condensers, Die-Castings, Screw Machine Products. ALUMINUM COMPANY of AMERICA, Pittsburgh, Pa. YY 423 £m \ ALUMINUM , Sed ed rT TrTLtrLtTttTtitTttfttfththsfteh§fhksehsehseseh6§fehksesehskeseskeseseeskekeke ee ee eee ae a ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA Room 2324, Oliver Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Gentlemen: Please send me a complimentary copy of the booklet checked on this coupon. Street City eeccccccccccccoccoccocescssecesccoeseosecceocccccoes , Circuit I now use Circuit I will build next booklets you wish C] Check the square for one, or both, of the @ Booklet Booklet “Aluminum Radio “Aluminum for Shields” io” A treatise by Cockaday and Free Describes the general application of on Radio Shielding Aluminum to radio SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q 8 T

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Air-Cooled Rheostats Designed and con- structed to meet the requirements of modern radio. Very accurate and with an extremely fine adjustment’ that does away with the nier attachments. The necessity many tur vire provide long con- tact surf The coil is air-cooled on all fi which permits radia- tion. N used in construction. Mounts gle 7/16” panel hole. Bakelit« Made in 2, 3, 6, 10, 15, 20, 25, 3! 60 and 100 Ohm capac- ity, eacl plete with Bakelite knob bOSeSSC Cec ccc ccccccoccegeasasoooosusees $1.35 Spec ial Switches h shown above is one of the mat meet practically every radio n had from a single pole, single t h two springs to a four pole, d tch with twelve springs and al n between. Either as a two po position switch, locking or non- ting give as much infor- mation wether with sketch of spring ar wanted and thickness of pa 1@i The Bra If he cannot supply is mame with your order to is , ler’s YAXLE} Dept MFG. COMPANY S, 9 So. Clinton Street omen ILL. 60 vy HALCO DALLIN-HALCO SUPER This is the extremely sensitive, easily operated short-wave receiving set de- signed by Edwin B. Dallin of Cruft Laboratory and described by him in January QS T. We have just received, from far away Baghdad. an order for a Dallin-Haleo Super on which we know KDKA will be regularly heard on short- waves. We call this the Arabian Nights come true Price of complete kit, Dallin-Haleo Super (nothing else to buy)...... $47.00 Halco Mail Order Service 132 Hanover Street Boston, Mass. WARRANTED FIXED RESISTORS HE vital importance of a _ silent, accurate resistor cannot be over- estimated. Comprising a concentrated metallized deposit one-thousandth of an inch thick, upon a glass core and sealed forever within the tube, each Lynch Resistor is warranted absolutely noiseless, permanently accurate, dependable! Guar- ahteed accuracy—10%; in production they average 5%. .25; .5: 1; 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8: 9: 10 Meg., 50c. .025; .09; .1 Meg., 75c. Single mounting 35c: Double, 50c. If your dealer cannot supply you, send stamps, check or money order. We ship postpaid same day order is received. Dealers—Get on our mailing list; we keep you posted on new developments. Write us today! wenmeoe 426 Q ARTHUR H, GIs 250 W. 57th St. LYNCH, INC, New York, N.Y. Why is the Karas Equamatic the most efficient receiver ever designed? Write us for full information. KARAS ELECTRIC CoO., 1031 Association Bldg., CHICAGO SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q ST

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Faradon There’s a Faradon for Every Filtering Need Here’s the filter condenser that will iron out that 60 cycle A. C. power line hum to perfection. It’s the Faradon Filter Capacitor Block of 14.2 Mfds., the block that meets the requirements of the usual receiving set ‘‘B’’ eliminator cir- cuit. It’s constructed to operate under higher voltages than are usually required. You'll find the Faradon Block unsur- passed for convenience, safety and de- - pendability. aes vee Filter OPERATING VOLTS (MAX) 22S5AC. 45v0c apacitor ock; con- %™ P veniently tapped at I, G rv (eoey 7 g £ 1, 4, 4 and 2 Mfds. a ba 8 Outside dimensions of casing are 34,” x 4%" x 5” (high). Price each Bane: Say @ ie => $10.50. > e / Py a CAPACITY (MFD.) ' ' ee Fee OPERATING VOLTS (MAX) 3002.C. _ You'll find that Faradon By-Pass and Fil- Model WS By-Pass Unit Made in > %, 1 and 2 MFD Capacitor ter Units fulfill every requirement for uniform performance, high factors of safety and lasting dependability. It pays to insist upon Faradon. Wireless Specialty Apparatus Company Model WS Filter Unit Jamaica Plain, Boston, Mass., U. S. A. 630 SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q ST

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MS !! DON’T PASS THIS UP “THE BUY OF A cr eag amelih WE HAVE JUST PURCHASED FROM THE U. (ESE TRANSMITTING TUBES — ALL IN NAVY SEALED BOXES NAVY TYPE CG-1162 5 WATTS PLIOTRONS MF'D BY GENERAL ELECTRIC CO.) NEW, IN ORIGINAL CARTONS Voltage 7% Volts. Current 1% Amps. Plate Voltage 550 Volts. Current 40 Milli-amps. \lee Used as Power Amplifying Tube STANDARD BASE PRICE ONLY $1ikcu NAVY 250-WATT 1000-2000 Volt-Plate 32 Volt-Filament 4 VS ALL BRAND NEW—GUARANTEED TO OSCILLATE MFGD. BY DE FOREST PRICE ONLY $10-* 5000 VOLT DUBILIER-.002-BY- $]-° PASS CONDENSERS MADE VOR U. &. SIGNAL CORPS Ne C.0.D.--Ne Pareel Pest Shipments, Sead |= your name for our Ham List. References--Dun or Bradstreet, Federal Trust Co, Newark. 5. J. THE NEW JERSEY RADIO SUPPLY COMPANY 76 SPRINGFIELD AVE. NEWARK, N. J or antenna you can buy. of enameled copper wire; surface for reception. corrosion and consequent 118 riginal Celatsite —a tinned, « s bar wire with non- infllammabk tti’’ covering, for hook-ups. 0 inch lengths. We also offer hest grade of “‘spa- 5 ghetti”’ tubis r Nos. 10 to 18 wires. 5 colors; 30-ir gths. Send for iplete Folder of Acme Wire Products ACME WIRE ¢ DEPT. S, NEW HAVEN, CONN. ACME It helped to win WORLD’S FOREIGN RECEPTION RECORD Robert Davies writes: “T used Model N, X-L Vario Denser on my 4 tube, home made set when I received my six foreign stations besides QUE, Sidney, Australia, 9000 miles away, and 1RC, Rome, Italy. I have used several condensers but an X-L tops X-L them all.” This Is It VARIO | DENSER showi thes of nent sets S X-L RADIO I LABORATORIES 2428 N. Lincoin Avenue Chicago, Tl. THE RUBEN CT RADIO CONTROLLED RELAY NOW AVAILABLE TO AMATEURS For CALL SIGNAL and REMOTE CONTROL Work A SIMPLI M TUBE RELAY WHICH OFFERS AN UNUSUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR DEVEL- DIRE OPMENT IELD OF RADIO DYNAMICS. DIRECTLY CONTROLS A LOCAL CIRCUIT, NO OTHER Of} IARY RELAY BEING REQUIRED. OPERABLE BY ALTERNATING OR DIRECT CURRENT 'TERIES. TUNABLE TO ANY FREQUENCY. RADIO OR AUDIO. USABLE IN STANDAI ANCES OR CIRCUITS INDEPENDENTLY, OR AS CALL SIGNAL RELAY AND DETECT‘ OR AUDIO AMPLIFIER. .5O MAILED C.0. D. OR SEND PRICE $8 REMITTANCE TO ELECTRON RELAY COMPANY (Licensees under Patents and Patents Pending to Samuel Ruben) 83 Fourth Avenue New York, N. Y. Write for Complete Description SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q 8 T

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#5 S| : Unvarying Beauty of tone, through Socket-Power Operation eee All the glorious melody and harmony awaiting release in every Stromberg-Carlson, is continually yours with Stromberg-Carlson electric supply equipment. It is like having brand new batteries every time you turn on your Receiver. For Stromberg-Carlson socket-power units deliver a current supply which is at all times up to full efficiency and give more convenient, more economical and more uniform operation than any other form of power supply. To insure these results Stromberg-Carlson electric supply equipment was designed solely to get the best operation and reproduction from Stromberg-Carlsons. No compro- mise was attempted to meet the requirements of other receivers. Every Stromberg-Carlson model is designed to operate ° . . No. 501 Recei T Ch tube from house lighting equipment. Console models and the coils shielded operates off either house current or batteries tables for ““Treasure Chest’? Receivers are proportion- Price less accessories........ $180.00 . . 51 Radio Cabinet Table..... .... 54.60 ated to contain and conceal every device necessary to Complete power supply equipment as . w .e Be operate either type of set. aa ee ee ; me a ““A”’ Socket-Power Unit [Gould Uni- Stromberg-Carlson Telephone Mfg. Co ag FS vosees eeececsaaabwasens $38.00 pam . , 0. ‘ower-Switching Relay. ..11 00 Rochester, N. Y. No, 401 ““B’* Socket-Power Unit with PectTom tabO..ccccccccssccsccecs $64.00 Makers of voice transmission and voice reception apparatus for more than 30 years SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q 8 T

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SEND FOR SAVE Dire fill th trained As fast panies Pass This c with w right t nique & It qua Class ¢ Stud Moreo' your pre the w OUPON BELOW REE BOOKLET 500 AM cutting the price of our radio course to the bone because I need 800 more students . this month to big demands for radio men. pply eraduates the shipping com- them up as radio operators to travel eearth. Other branches of radio ne for more trained men to fill ne positions on shore. So I am eduction in the cost of our Home > amateurs only to induce more their life career. S. Government Radio ense Examination tes the elementary phases of radio »ateurs are familiar. It carries you e advanced radio operating tech mmercial procedure thoroughly sss your U. S. Government First ense Examination. Home—Send Coupon ly at home — without giving up Radio Institute of America is school. The instruction is the where. To be sure ‘of getting the urse send for bookle A-3. Just w. Itcosts you nothing to receive ck-full of information. RADIO INSTITUTE OF AMERICA ormer Institute Established in 1909 vay New York City CUT HERE <------- SASasesay ' UTE OF AMERICA B w York City ial booklet A-3 with full informa- price of your radio course for World’s Finest Radio BUG Improved Martin “2, VIBROPLEX Lightni chining Bug Trade Mark Reg. U. S. Pat. Off. For Continental, Orse or Navy Codes

Japanned Base, $17 Nickel-Plated, 19 —but just right Get This BUG Now! Now is the time to get your BUG. Be up-to-date— enjoy the many advantages of sending with this Im- proved BUG. You'll be amazed to find how easy it is te learn and to operate. Nothing can compare with this BUG in EASE and PERFECTION of sending. Over 100,000 users. Saves the arm, prevents cramp and enables the “ham” to send with the skill of an Special Radio Model Equipped with extra large specially constructed contact points to break high current without use of relay. Not too fast—not too slow—but just ight. Sent yh cei of ice. Dew ot d wt” S20 THE VIBROPLEX CO., Inc. 825 SROADWAY — YORK FOR EVERY BEGINNER THE SIGNAL PRACTICE SET . Complete in every detail with high grade key, true tone adjust- able high pitch buzzer and brass code plate. R68 $3.40 RAR SIGNAL WIRELESS KEYS

Signal Buzzer R62 Strongly made with coin — Ss contacts ous parts p and lacq . Very Reo reliable units. | RAS-%4 in. K.W. $2.80 R62-K in contact $3.50 aah ty R63-‘¢ in. $3.70] sistance of 2 ohms. Black R64-% in. “ $3.90 eryetalised lacquer finis! | We manufacture a complete line of —— — telegraph instruments. os R60 $1.25 SIGNAL ELECTRIC MFG. CO., Menominee, Mich.

QST Oscillating Crystals New Low Prices Effective January 1st, 1927 We will grind a crystal for power use for use in the 80 meter hand for $25.00. With this crystal we give its frequency a curate to wetter than a tenth of 1¢ For use in the 150-170 Meter band “£15.00 accurate to better than a tenth of 1* Attention Owners of Sieciensiie Stations We will grind you a crystal, ground to your assigned fre quency accurate to better than a tenth of 1% for $50.00. Thi crystal is so ground so as to be capable for use in POWEK circuits, besides being exce!lent for use as a frequency standard Crystals ground to any frequency between 50 and 10,000 Kes Let us quote on your requirements. SCIENTIFIC RADIO SERVICE The Crystal Specialists Box 86, Dept. G Mount Rainier, Md.

Frequency stat

SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q ST

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Transmitting Tube Sockets has answered the call of all Hams. We now have those transmitting tube sockets that you thought were never to be found. HIGHEST QUALITY To be used with RCA 203-203A, WE211D, UV217 and all other stand- ard 50 Watt tubes. Low loss, sure grip, ideal for S.W. operation. Catalogue. ..131 Price. . . $2.00 To be used with De Forest H tube or De Forest HR rectifier tube. An ideal socket for the ultra S.W. tube. Catalogue...148 Price. ..$2.00 250 Watt tube End Mountings to be used with either D Forest “P” or RCA UV-204A tubes. Catalogue. ..128 Price. ..$4.00 per pair REL Transmitting Inductances are Flatwise Wound on Glass. Designed for Short Wave C. W. Transmission. The inductances you will eventually use. Type L—(40, 80, 150 meter wave lengths) Type S—(20 meters and less) Single Unit, either type with three clips. . $5.50 Double Unit, either type with six clips and two glass coupling rods . .$11.00 REL Low Wave Plug-in Coils—The Pioneer in their field Unit consists of five coils, plugs and mounting. Wave length range 10-110 meters. Adapt- able to all modern circuits. Inexpen- sively priced at $4.50, HAVE YOU GOTTEN YOUR CATALOGUE? If not. get it now. It’s chock full of the information that every Ham should have in his kit. Tuned Grid, Master Oscillator, Crystal Control—Just a few of the subjects that are comprehensively covered in this handy handbook of Short Wave Apparatus. Send today. U. S. currency or P. O. money order REL Owns and Operates Experimental Station 2XV on 15.1 Meters, 19867 Kilocycles, Crystal Controlled, Radio Engineering Laboratories 27 Thames Street, N. Y., N. Y. SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QS T

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i ————— ——————— 90 VOLT “B” POWER UNIT $12.75 R his NEW HAWLEY ADVANCED 1 ming—and here it is. Hawley een standard for over 5 years ame standard of workmanship * ingenious hook-up and in B-Eliminator sim- to give the slightest rises Simply plug it into Any inexperienced per- ‘ as all voltages inclucdina tor are all plainly marked. Does not contain any acid ng value—that my 5 year old es You’ve got to see it— “late Uus statement. The prices—only slightly more than ordinary y cells 90 volts—$12.75——112% volts $15.25 5 volt $17.50 For 105 to 120 volts, 25 to 130 cycle alternating current only. Special sizes to order of any voltage ockdown kits at still greater savings. All complete as above—noth- ing to purchase extra Further covered in my regular 2 year guaranteed Ample stock—all packed—same day ship- ments and your order is a I need to speed it on its way to you Simply say—ship C.O.D pay expressman its cost plus small transportation charges—and you'll thank me later—or write for my free literature, testimonials. etc B. HAWLEY SMITH, $24 Washington Ave., Danbury, Conn. U. 8S. A., Mfr. of—“A™ Power Units. ““B’ Power Units, \”’ Storage Batteries, “‘B’’ Storage Batteries and A & B Chargers including Tricklers AUDIO FREQUENCY TRANSFORMERS FOR ANY CIRCUIT rranti Transformers d supreme in that they on to the loud speak- an uncensored mes- All the notes ... bass and treble notes... there. FERRANTI, Inc. 130 West 42nd St., New York, N.Y. Fr FERRANTI ELE&CT., LTp H i Noble St., Toronto Canada 66 Mapl- treate phosphor br tw UTILITY RADIO CO., ae ee ee a a nen nee = ‘. s ‘s . s PERFECT FILAMENT CONTROL “ s s j Provides complete noiseless fila- . s ment control for all radio tubes . ~ without change of connections. . Metal parts are nickel plated. . One hole mounting. Self con- . tained switch opens battery cir- | cuit w i . ‘, Ca * LI Electric Controlling Apparatus *. 277 Greenfield Avenue a Milwaukee, Wis. " J Advantages: 50 WV Lowloss Socket rass «airgap shell and heavy For UV 203A and similar UC 1015 Condenser | 1. 7500 volts tested. 2. Mica insulated. 3. Eleven capacities, .0002 to .001 mfd. Price $1.25 15,000 ohm Gridleak Tapped at 5000 and 10,000 ohms with 85 watt capacity. Price $1.50 5000 ohm size, no taps*$1.00 80 LESLIE STREET, EAST ORANGE, N. J. | SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q 5 1

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UV2Z04A + yt” Tg H & | R o ‘a > i ; 4 3 x | 110 y-60~ ¥ ae IS is the fifth of a series of five “hook-ups” for crystal control transmitters using “ESCO” Maximum miles per watt Power Supply This set requires a UX210 oscillator, three UX210 frequency doublers of the UX210 type, a 203-A power amplifier and a 204-A power amplifier. The crystal is a 320 meter one for 40 meter operation or a 160 for 20 meter work. Filament supply comes from two fila- ment transformers, one for the 210s and another tapped for 11 and 13 volts for the 203-A and 204-A tubes. Plate supply for the 210s is ob- tained from Item 8, a resistance in the plate circuit of the oscillator tube producing the necessary IR drop to supply the tube with only 300 volts. Plate supply for the 203-A and 204-A tubes is obtained from Item 22, resistance R5 supplying the drop, allowing 1000 volts to be used on the 203-A. Grid bias for the tubes is obtained from Item 4 i with IR drop resistences in those circuits requiring less than 400 volts. The grid bias for the oscillator tube comes from a block of B battery. ELECTRIC SPECIALTY COMPANY TRADE *FRSCC(C)”’ MarK 225 South Street Stamford, Conn., U.S.A. Manufacturers of Motors, Generators, Motor - Generators, Dynamotors and Rotary Converters for Radio and other purposes SAY YOU SAW I1 IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QsT

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EE Sy ee ——— TEE |B, ELECT ELECT Cert awa eR ( ona ELI RAD Certifi -Pass Cor ers A CLARIFIES PrRrROoOWCT How fo use _ Resistance in Radio, y/ fen is new Ward Leonard Electric Com- pany announces a booklet of interest to radio dealers, ex- perimenters, and engineers. How to use RESISTANCE Radio Resistance assumes major im- portance in radio as higher voltages and currents are em- ployed in power supply units. “How to Use Resistance in Radio” tells the proper use of resistance and outlines many of the new A.C. and D.C. pow- er circuits. It will be sent postpaid for 15c. Ward Leonardtectric Company | MOUNT VERNON, hd NEW YORK, N. Y. Resistor specialists for more than 35 years. 7135-3 ELECTRAD 68 SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q S T Special OST Back-Copy Offer 1 se-—1925 copies (except Jan.) with index and 1—set 1926 copies (complete) with index and Two regular $1.50 QST binders All for $4.00 A Saving of $4.00 Above sets of back-copies without binders for $3.00 QST, 1711 Park St., Hartford, Conn.

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A NEW Amplifier Unit that Provides for Extremely Faithful Reproduction SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM FOR COMBINATION 2 STAGE DOUBLE IMPEDANCE COUPLED AND | STAGE TRANSFORMER COUPLED AMPLIFIER WITH SPEAKER FILTER 373 373 2650 387A o-~ «+ ~ - - - - - tr - °s» SF uxne * F Pp G a 2 ss 201A = Ux 12 ux m7 33 : ~ Cc > — + .45 t 4 - i= i . + J 3 é 38 180 C BATT A BATT. B BATT While the use of double impedances is not new in principle the General Radio Type 373 Double Impedance Coupler is unique in design and per- formance. To facilitate installation the complete unit, consisting of two impedances and a fixed condenser, is contained within a metal shell. It is connected in precisely the same manner in an audio amplifier circuit as a transformer. The extent of its range of even amplification is from appreciably below 100 cycles o over 10,000 cycles, with a gradual rn nward deviation of slightly less than 7% be- tween 100 and 400 cycles. This deviation in an otherwise perfect amplification curve is ' | so slight as to be practically negligible, because the ear of the average individual can | not detect a variation of intensity of much less than 25%. | The amplification curve, in fact compares favorably with that generally obtained with resistance coupled systems which have the disadvantage of large sacrifices of plate voltages. The General Radio Double Impedance Couplers have the further advantage that when connected as shown in the above diagram, with one transformer coupled stage, they may be used with a properly designed Plate Supply Unit. ee ee ee I CI ag oS 5 0 5 oon ces caw bene eeu Caeeheeay $6.50 The following parts are used in the General Radio Laineatnnn Amplifer: 2—Type 373 Double Impedance Couplers. oy . $13.00 at) oe LU, ETT eee . 6.00 1—Type 387-A Speaker Filter. . vs NN Mises 6.00 3—Type 349 UX or CX Sockets pak an = 1.50 1—Type 410 or 301 Rheostat, 6 ohms re ee eT 1.50 Complete cost of amplifier parts mer AL If your dealer is unable to supply you with any of the above items we ‘shall be glad to send them to you prepaid upon receipt of list price GENERAL RADIO CO., CAMBRIDGE, MASS. GENERAL RADIO ARRL MEMBERS ATTENTION! You are not all located within shopping distance of a dealer stocking G. R. parts. Remember that we will deliver, postpaid, anywhere in United States any of our radio parts on receipt of current catalog price. Also we welcome your correspondence. Have you Bulletin 926 in your files? If not a postcard will bring it. SAY YOU SAW AND HELPS Q ST IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU

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HAMMARLUND Precision PRODUCTS \ficially Specified for These Fourteen Popular New Circuits

COCKADAY “LC27” BROWNING-DRAKE LOFTIN & WHITE VICTOREEN SUPER ST. JAMUS SUPER PACENT “ULTIMAX” LACAULT “LR4” NEW HARKNESS MORRISON “VARION” HENRY-LYFORD SARGENT “INFRADYNE” CARBORUNDUM SUPER POPULAR SCIENCE HAMMARLUND-ROBERTS MONTHLY “POWERFUL” “Hi-Q”

Most good radio stores sell Hammarland-Pre- cision Products—if yours doesn’t, write us direct. HAMMARLUND MANUFACTURING CO. 424-438 W. 33rd Street, New York UPLE” For Better Radio ace-Wound Coil, Aluminum Shield. wimary coupling mi insuring maxi- each wavelength the new Ham- PRECISION eiver, but equally yr, Dut sual PRODUCTS

aVaVa\ AWARE Wa EWaVRV GVA aWataVaVRVENEVEVAVEVEVENS, TRANSMITTING APPARATUS INDUCTANCES GRID LEAKS Pancake—20—40 meters Ward Leonard New—Centertapped—for 250 Watt Sets ; Pancake—40—200 meters Ward Leonard for 5 and 50 Watt Se's Centertappad ” e General Electric for 5 and 50 Watt Sets Crescent Lavite—non inductive METE went CONDENSERS — JEWELL—3” flush mounting type mfd transmitting 0-7 10-15 eto -» 3.28 ae =< flush milliameters 0-10 10-25 50-100 100-300 500-1000 . eeceesee 3 oes » flush thermo couple 1% 1% 2 A 4- ROLLER SMITH H. W. ‘A ROLLER SMITH-—H. W. A. Weston Meters at Reduced Price FOR THAT NEW 5S. w. RECEIVER Short wave Receiving Specials AERO Short Wave Kit R.E.L. Short Wave Kit ae | Rade oeoiss Genera adio .00025 TRANSFORMERS HAMMARLUND .00015 MBINATION TRANSFORMER HAMMARLUND .00025 T - . 6.2 NATIONAL with dials Watt F.lL. ‘ cee 48 NATIONAL with dials .00025 Watt F.L g : R.F. Choke . Watt FLL. 250s ¢ Grid Leaks-all sizes Watt Plate for 58 .......- ‘ Marco Vernier Dials Watt Pilate for 50s ... : 5. 29 Pilot Vernier Dials Watt Plate for 2508 ..... 27.29 Federal Single Ckt Jack ” seer cece . 5¢ Benjamin Sockets Power ; 2! Precise Audio Trans rer ; 1 Hole Mount Rheostat

LPAI Dawe we Fixed Sangamo Condensers . send fort our List of other bargains /// amateur radio Sowpee 77cortlandt street: ew yor PAPE SII: yor. ny SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT TDENTIFIFS YOU AND HELPS Qs T

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——e—e———eE— ee ee A eee eee 4 es | IN Ss DINGS .. = , ee Showing a section of the department in the immense DUDLO factories, devoted exclusively to insulated magnet wire UNIFORM and DEPENDABLE INSULATION Creates a Preference for Dudlo Magnet Wire Copper wire accurately drawn to gauge from pure copper rod of maximum conductivity is scientifically annealed before being in- sulated. A smooth even coating of the finest grade enamel gives the greatest di-electric strength to the smallest possible diameter. A wrapping of cotton or silk of the highest quality, is wound tightly and closely to insure the most perfect insulation. Strict adherence to diameter is important. Where Dudlo Magnet Wire is used your winding will agree with your calculations. Specify Dudlo Wire and be certain of the best quality of copper rod, and the finest grades of insulating material, uniformly and com- pactly wound. DUDLO MANUFACTURING CORPORATION, FORT WAYNE, INDIANA. 412 Chamber of Commerce Bldg., 160 North La Salle Street 4153 Bingham Ave. 274 Brannan St. NEWARK, N. J. CHICAGO, ILL. ST. LOUIS, MO. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q ST 71

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S/\NGAMO Mica Condensers in Sangam RADIO DI‘ For a ~ YQ bo ediat© sizes snter™ IMPROVE TONE sy RANGE SANGAMO ANO y Radio Parts ick, that makes one re- 1 more powerful than an- vin. Especiallycondenser er you come to absolute :l parts, the more won- | be. The cost of accurate —~the effect is immense. ngamo Mica Condensers n the usual stock sizes \ greater accuracy than :ranteed to be accurate, 1ccurate, being solidly ther heat, cold, moisture, es will affect their capaci- ls the delicate parts nces. farads and prices 0.001 0.0012 0.0015 50. , . Le 0.00175 { 0.002 0.0025 0 0035 00035 > 60c, 0 004 \ 0.005 70c. 0.006 85c. 0.007 90c. 0.0075 95c. 0.008 $1.00 0.01 1.15 0.012 1.20 0.015 1.25 r clips, 10c. extra Pass Condensers 1/2 mfd. 90c. Imfd. $1.25 » Electric Company ng field, Illinois Have You Tried the New TYPE “G” When used in al! audio sockets, except last or output. of such receivers will surprise and delight the user with their clear reproduction and in- creased volume ““CeCo”’ Type “G"’ tube will carry more power without «ver- loading than any other uavatiable High Mu Average volt- age amplifica- tion 20— Aver- age Output Im- pedence 25,000. PRICE $2.50 Makes a Good Receiver fetter White for Complete Data Sheet C.E.MFG,CO.inc.. - - PROVIDENCE. R.}. N, 50 Church Street, New York PRINCIPAL CITIES tric Co. of Canada, Lrd., Toronto. »., Ponders End, Middlesex, Eng. ngineering Co., Osaka, Japan SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q ST QUALITY PRODUCTS FOR CRITICAL AMATEURS TECO SHORT-WAVE TRANSMITTER B » change in t struction, this transmitter no longer two ms pith ality Parts througlout and eminently lapted ft eeds f the spectat $39.50 IN HANDSOME MAHOGANY CABINET WITH DOORS, $45 TRANSMITTER A precision transmitter, complete with quartz crystal A pilot lamp on the front of the pane meter. Also equipped with vernier dials Filter cor i to stand 2000 we Complete specifications on re- its quest. SPECIAL PRICE, $87.50 Write for Information on Teco S. W.. Receiver and Plug.in Coils TRANSMITTING EQUIPMENT CO. 19 STUART ST., BOSTON, MASS.

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The MERSHON Condensers smooth out tone through B eliminators as a plane smooths the rough surface ofasboard

Maintains Original Freshness of New “B" Batteries

“RB batteries have to 1 discarded long before the re rur low! hecau @ ey _ , to 3 <* M k Id “—_-" li o f h to — ; j —— : “ | Makes o eliminators ever fres PB ctir a Mershon across ~ “—” b ° ur “ER batteries (with like brand new atteries! °F auton ch Connecting a Mershon condenser to your “B” eliminator vastly greatly prolongs the use-

ful life of dry cell bat erles. The Mershon it self does not wear out r run dow It may be used aly with endless hatt

' mproves the tone quality from your receiving set. The famous iershon’s action is two-fold. First, it assists in more perfect tering (straining) of the uneven current supplied by the Lamp socket. Second, it acts as a reservoir to store a large amount of nergy which is fed to the Receiver in a continuous smooth flow illed for by incoming broadcasts. This action may be con- lered the same as the result of using a plane for a rough board. Most “B” eliminators use a good filter which can be noted by the ack of any AC hum. But for perfect results and tone quality mparable to that which is obtained from the use of new “B” batteries, it ential that a sufficient amount of energy be stored directly back of the ng set. This energy must be on tap to instantaneously supply current id or long sustained musical notes. The famous Mershon enables this of energy to be accomplished electrically rather than chemically. The a great improvement in tone quality. It is particularly noticeable on which require a large amount of current for proper reproduction

A atteries

- nnect a Mershon is as simple as connecting a battery to your Receiver. I ead wires are provided attached to the Mershon, the positives being red and the negative black Caution: Of course it must be realized that a Mershon added to a “B” eliminator will not improve tone quality; or the use of any other tone improvement device; if the design of a receiving set or loud speaker is such that the tubes or loud speaker are overloaded. There are many other uses for Mershon condensers. Write Dept. {B7 for descriptive folder. AMRAD CORPORATION Medford Hillside, Mass. Harold J. Power, Pres

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Tra nsmission Assurance O greater assurance of transmission suc- cess can be given than by the use of a Weston Model 425 Thermo-Couple Type Am- meter. Its precision for the measurement of antennae current, high frequency, alternat- ing current of low frequency, and direct cur- rent has made it popular with enthusiasts everywhere. ‘It makes a noteworthy con- tribution to Radio transmission by eliminat- { ing the numerous difficulties of the use of the “hot-wire expansion type”. ‘For ac-

Weston Vow more at. curate, dependable radio results Weston ractive Williammete rs, a A 4 4 canges immeter Strom + Quality Radio Instruments are essential. Amper« mperes 3.50. 6 Ampere mperes—$14.50.) ‘Write us for complete information. WESTON ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENT CORPORATION 158 WESTON4AVENUE, NEWARK,'N. J, STANDARD THE WORLD OVER WESTON Pioneers since 2 1888

rr,

ee Beep Made. The complete volume is priced at $5.00, \L CODE CLASSES postpaid. Wy Illustrated Prospectus Better act quickly—only a few copies available. ¢ EASTERN RADIO INSTITUTE ST. 1711 Park St., Hartford, Ct 899 BOYLSTON STREET BOSTON, MASS. QSsT, ark St., Hartford, Ct.

‘Wever Before At This Sacrifice Price : HIGH VOLTAGE co KENOTRON RECTIFYING TUBES a) MODEL U. V. 217 Plate Voltage 1500 volts. Filament Voltage 10 volts. ed with U. P. 1016 Power Transformer or similar Transformer. ese Genuine R.C.A. U. V. 217 Tubes are very efficient Rectifiers and they will » Or lenty of current and voltage for 50 watters and H Tubes and also can be used watters. Every tube Is brand new and packed In original carton. 7 ' List Price $26.50 ea. EXTRA SPECIAL, $12.50 EA. AMERICAN SALES COMPANY 21 WARREN STREET, NEW YORK CITY

74 SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q 8 T SA

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MNT Reece UT cams Formica Kit Panels ROM one end of the country to the other, home set builders are producing handsome radio sets by the use of Veri Chromed Formica panels for the leading kits. These panels include the Karas Equamatic, Bremer Tully Power Six, H. F. L. Nine-In-Line Superheterodyne with sub panel, Victoreen single dial and two dial. There is also an Infradyne 7 x 28" and 7 x 30" Aerodyne, St. James 8 Tube, Bremer Tully Counterphase, Brown- ing Drake National, Madison Moore Superheterodyne, Camfield Duoformer and two sizes of Best’s Superheter- odyne. They are sold by the leading jobbers and dealers. | Special Panels cut to size and Formica Tubing ; are also available for Amateurs ; THE FORMICA INSULATION COMPANY 4616 Spring Grove Avenue - - Cincinnati, Ohio Formica has a oo ot H th . FORMICA Complete Service Orchestra Tues- on Insulating day 9 to 10 Material over WLW for Radio Made from Anhydrous a on tataiens Rd SHEETS TUBES RODS SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QS T 75

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— The ULTIMATE avtomanc TRANSMITTER will improve your sending carrying capacity, ease of oper- arances this is the transmitter you use. It is fast replacing the old . 1 7 emi-automatic transmitters in all , Delivered pproved by Western Union Tele- e on their wires. itter with mechanism key, giving protection vith adjustments, dirt, scriptive literature or order from imate Transmitter Co. 1ange Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. lian Agent Y, 381 Balmoral St., Winnepeg, Man.

Coys tse eb ey 4= Your ONE improvement is this year’s only real radio advance. Just one change will modernize your present set. Replace your loud speaker plug with the Cen- tralab Modu-Plug and your set will equal the tone performance of the latest high-priced receivers. Gives any degree of tone volume. No other con- trol but the small knob on the plug. Interfering noises are reduced. PRICE $2.50 at your dealer’s or mailed $24.00 direct on receipt of price. ing coil voltmeter, di ° 4 ey Central Radio Laboratories S84 oO Radix te » . - oer PR - 20 Keefe Ave., Milwaukee, Wis ' . y endtent-aueet Centralab Variable Resistances are used by 69 makers of leading standard BURTON-ROGERS CO. = 857 Boylst eet Boston, Mass. Sales Electrical Instrument Co. of Radio Meters. Send for Meters for Radio.’ s —

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Wer in the Light Circui Soo", Bh eae.

ay Type R-171 7 a $15.00 ah Type R-210 y A $20.00

LT aos ert Te w~

pS SSS p. hy em mF iu (um ' ay gO

Ss, Gentlemen Name

- ws aged 2 a 5-ELIMINATOR AND SUPPLY F aie rT, KcaIO POWER AMPLIFIER Remember that when you buy a Thordarson product it is Onis Paoklet is Yours ing of reliable transformers. THORDARSON ELECTRIC MFG. CO. 500 W. Huron St., Chicago, IIl. I would greatly appreciate receiving a copy of your new booklet “Power from the Light Circuit.” | The Complete Feundaties <u Unit for Home Constructed Power Amplifiers ERE is what you have been waiting for —a silent and efficient power amplifier and B eliminator that will equal anything on the market—one that you can build yourself in less than an hour.

The Thordarson Power Compact is the complete founda- tion unit for power amplification. It contains: (1) a power supply transformer, (2) two filter choke coils of 30 hens ries, and (3) a power tube filament supply, tapped at the exact electrical center (an exclusive Thordarson feature), all in one com:pound filled case. Two types of Power Compact are available: R-171 is designed for use with power tube UX-171 and Raytheon BH rectifier. Type R-210 is designed for use with tube UX-210 and UX 216-B rectifier. Each type of com- pact supplies the proper values of current for maximum efficiency operation of its corresponding power tube. Packed with each compact is a complete set of instructions which can easily be followed, even by the man with no radio experience. guaranteed and backed by over thirty years’ manufacture Zt For Sale at Goo ealers Everywhere for the Asking: Sale at Good Dealers Everywh 3! FROM THE LIGHT CIRCUIT” or Direct from Factory Saas ans ae — ECLOS IVE TRANEPORDCER MARIN

SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS yu 8 T 77

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TYPE 595 | A-B-RELAY |; For Sets with Zz, Four or More &-Volt Tubes / \-B Relay is an automatic switch for : and disconnecting the B-eliminator and arger of a radio set. When the fila- ment turned on the A-B Relay connects the tor and disconnects the trickle charg- er action occurs when the filament 3 ed off. nvenient and practical. ent, low resistance, magnet actuat- er-carbon contacts and connected in

A-Battery and the tube filaments * ; ential part of the A-B Relay. 4 peta ina Y for descriptive form No. 1023 Bi Jewell Electrical Instrument Co. WALNUT ST. - - CHICAGO

.) MAKING GOOD INSTRUMENTS

ARTER

“Midget” Rheostat With Filament Switch <e}

*]

All Resistances i 5 ohm 4 30 ohm* Gil 40 ohm , — 50 ohm* J : = 75 ohm* | N he diff ! A. Standard ote the difference! -Hammarlund-Roberts [NSTALL FROST-RADIO Super Variable Resistance Power 6 Kit; LC-27 Units in your new set and note the difference! roved Browning Drake Nearly all of the new radio circuits call for one or ith I Victoreen; Carborundum ; more of these new non-inductive high resistance Batter Infradyne: Karas Equa- units. They are smooth and noiseless in operation Note Receiver, Silver and give any degree of resistance from zero to maxi- nd a host of other kits. mum without steps or jumps. Type 880 (2 terminals) : is supplied in resistances of 50,000, 100,000, 200,000 and ealer Can Supply 500,000 ohms; type 890 (3 terminals) in 400, 2,000, 50,000, 100,000, 200,000 and 500,000 ohms. Both types, list $1.25 ' In Canada Radio Co., Limited, Toronto each. Your dealer has them. — HERBERT H. FROST, Inc. AR } ER RADIO Co. 160 N. LaSalle Street ca CHICAGO awa as New York CHICAGO Los Angeles 78 SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q 8 T

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SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOt first m agnitude it could easily be called Magic — IF the electric lights in your home turned themselves on when it got dark, and off when you went to bed—then you would have something as AUTOMATIC and as EASY TO OPERATE as the efficient Elkon Trickle Charger You do NOTHING to an ELKON except attach it to an electric light socket, to your “A” battery, and turn it “on”. It will then replenish your “A” battery. But it won't overcharge because it automatically tapers off as the battery becomes charged. The battery will not run down ... because the charger automatically starts charging when the battery begins to run down. There is nothing to fuss with or worry about; no extra switch or equipment is needed. There are no moving parts to cause interference; no tubes to break or burn out, no liquids to spill, dangerous acids or alkalis to cause trouble, and NO NOISE WHATSOEVER. Short circuiting cannot harm it. It does not heat up. There is nothing to watch, replenish or adjust. This remarkable invention, which has revolution- ized every former conception of battery charging, has been developed and tested for several years. It is exclusively ELKON and is offered to you with a proven record of accomplishment under service conditions in every part of the country. It assures you a freedom from battery charging troubles you have never believed possible .. .. an unparalleled service at a very low cost. It is for sale et radio stores everywhere. Operates from alternating current (direct from light socket) 105-120 volts, 50-60 cycles. A model for 105-120 volts 25-40 cycles also furnished at a slightly higher cost. Sole licensees under patents pending to Samuel! Ruben ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF Eiken 3 Ampere Elken “A” Power Charger A hable ac hi t, for which radio has been waiting. For Automobile and Radio ‘‘A’’ A positive functioning “A” batteries. Combines the Elkon Power, based upon the proved, Rectifier with a new and supe- exclusive Elkon rectification rior type charger. inci, AND HELPS Q ST

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SSeeeeeee en eeeeeeeece | — = Ya) Seegeseeeeeenaeer Use Allen Bradley Resistors for B-Eliminator Hook-Ups HE si fa B-Eliminator hookup deper h on the operation ofthe variable a | resistors as it does on the type « t used. Allen-Bradley variable ar for this ser inator h radleyohm-E resistors lead the field e them in your B-Elim- PERFECT VARIABLE RESISTOR This new o1 ris used as standard equip- ment by lea tor manufacturers such as Acme, All estic, Philadelphia Storage Battery, and ‘ Ic is the ideal variable resistor for t. The scientifically treat- provide stepless, noiseless, the setting will be maintained ment with makeshift variable E has been pronounced the turers of B-Eliminators in Bradleyunit-A controlling | ed discs in | plate voltag: indefinite], resistors, wi ideal unit byt the world ERFECT FIXED RESISTOR triumph of the Allen-Brad rch Laboratory is Bradley- a perfect fixed resistor that s no glass, requires no _her- ne, and can besoldered into thout the use of clip mount- lleyunit A is not affected by ture or moisture and it main- libration indefinitely. MAIL THE COUPON Operate your radio set from the light socket with Balkite “B” and a Balkite Charger Ask your radio dealer FANSTEEL PRODUCTS CO., INC. North Chicago, III. ADVANCE “Sync” RECTIFIER the favorite with amateurs Although lower in price, the AD- VANCE Sync Rectifier is far superior in quality—as proven by its prevailing use in international transmitting. It ac- tually does what other rectifiers claim todo. Meets all requirements for heavi- est duty. Can be easily and quickly fil- tered. Speedy starting because of Ad- vance Bakelite wheel. Requires no at- tention—always ready. Revolving disk is moulded bakelite six inches in diameter. Nickel plated brush holders with adjust- ble gauze copper brushes. Convenient control handle. Disk, aluminum brush arm support and brush holders perfectly insulated. Price complete with West- inghouse % H. P. Syn- chronous Motor . $40 Rectifying wheel with complete brush assembly and mounting ring to fit your own motor .... $15 We Pay All Transportation Charges in U.S.A. ADVANCE ELECTRIC COMPANY 1260-1262 West Second St., Los Angeles, Calif.

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SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QsT [Wf Srattt on Wearing GY Kira nae tt 42 Stations in 30 Minutes Miami Beach at 5.30 in the afternoon from: within one half mile of Station WBBR, New York City— Chicago on the same afternoon without an antenna— These are just a few recent feats performed by an assembled R. G. S. Receiver. The R. G. S. Receiver, built by David Grimes for modern broadcast conditions and employing a new applica- tion of the Inverse Duplex System, is a development that will leave an indelible impression upon all receiver design. The R. G. S. is offered complete in kit form in order to keep the price down to “rock bottom,” thus allowing more people to take immediate advantage of this new principle of construction that establishes new standards for selectivity, distance, sensitivity and tone quality. Price $69.70, without accessories or cabinet. Authorities in the radio field, such as Arthur H. Lynch, Robert S. Kruse, R .W. Cotton, Volney Hurd, Willis Kingsley Wing and Zeh Bouck, have greeted the R. G. S. Receiver with unprecedented en- thusiasm. They are as amazed by its performance as you will be. Write today giving us your name and address and the name and address of your dealer. We will then arrange for a demonstration of an assembled R. G. S. Receiver in your terrritory and you can determine for yourself just what is behind our claims. No obligation. Write R. G. S. Sales Division Grimes Radio Engineering Co., Inc. 285 Madison Ave., New York City DEALERS: Write for complete merchandising information $F poner For MoveRN (% BROADCAST ConpiTioNs | ——

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OCUMNNNOUUUE OUT OC [

Two Times Two! “Built Better”’—this always has been,and is the policy of AEROVOX. » year ago the demand for high grade Fixed Mica Condensers, Condensers, Power Supply Condenser Blocks, and Lavite Resistances forced us to double our floor space and equipment. lay, even though we are now operating on a 24 hour schedule, we in compelled to double our facilities. With our present plant in ving —without costing our customersone single production day— we »ving to new quarters at 60-72 Washington St., Brooklyn, N.Y. vo times two”—this is our growth for the year just passing. Does Built Better” policy pay? AEROVOX thinks so. More than 200 » manufacturers and thousands of you fans evidently think so, too. Vherefore, we thank you!

60-72 Washington St., Brooklyn, N.Y. Corr OU OUMOMMNOMNOUMNOUNOUO | CO

Single Drum No. 3527 ini $50 > 27 Stations Increase t lume of Your Present Set brought 08 It is ea t h greater undistorted pow- distinctly on er fron audio receiver whether it has 2 cubes or § e same time and at little ad- loud speaker ditional ex nate the need of B-Batteries. L ° Sige > ae in 30 minutes Full W Full Wave Rectifier for use aed Ae oe ee a “The other night I tuned in 27 stations, loud and _y This unit includes one No. clear, just like the Cincinnati stations, three of which _ : 2593 transformer and two No were going full blast. I identified each program, —- ie 14 chokes built into sub- didn’t hear any others in the background,—all with we stantial metal case. Excep- one finger Power ’ tional power for all purposes. — mator, Eliminator B-Batteries The air was certainly full. It was between 7:00 No. 35 ; Ne. 3516—$13.00 List and 7:30 P.M., Central Standard Time. Some sta- FANS— ay a ee if your dealer tions were less than a dial marking apart. It is cannn 5 4 ’ 7 amazing how the jiggers they call “Acuminators” MANUFAC SA xclusive r] anufacurers ‘ ’ s One = ww, -- helped on such fine separation. I'd like to see some —— - 5 =iy. Our engineering dept, wil two hundred dollar sets do as well! " co- opera Tec r the proper designs < the latest. typ ments. Ask for @ representative Name on request. 7 or es _ . Secturt c Write Dept. 18, for Catalog | ongan ectric anutacturin o 3000-3008 Prentéin 0... nee yong : THE CROSLEY RADIO CORPORATION ‘ - ; Cincinnati, O. - Powel Crosley. Jr., Pres. Prices slightly higher west of the Rockies 1:

82 SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST SA’

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4 $b f i Reliable conc DISTANCE CoMMUNICAT 1 meter to 200 meters Thanks to the co-operation of members of the A-R-R-L, De Forest has further devel- oped the Type-H tube to a point where it fills all the requirements of amateur trans- mission. The result is still more uniform performance with extended filament life. Technical Data INPUT RATING 150 WATTS Plate Voltage 500—3000 Plate Current 40-50 MA. Fil. Voltage 10 Fil. Current 2.35A eA HR Thermionic Rectifiers Will operate 4 H Tube. Fil. Voltage 10 Fil. Amperes 2.35 Plate Voltage A. C. 2000 Plate Mill Amps. 250 Max Voltage Drop 400 at 250 MA PRICE $16.00 Sold and Shipped Direct Upon Receipt of Money Order DE FOREST Price, $18.00 Parcel Post Prepaid TRANSMITTING TUBE 139 Franklin St. DE FOREST RADIO CO. Jersey City, N. J. SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q S T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST 83

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| YOU NEED THESE PLUG-IN COILS the many advantages of these better and different coils listed below and try to do without them secured through snug and not through a condenser. Secondary acks of special design. coils are specially constructed so that set- tinuous, gapless range ting of primary coil does not need to be to 16 meters. One of the changed when secondaries are exchanged 5. Coils are space-wound sole- noids on skeleton frames. 6. Both tickler and antenna coil are at filament end of the sec- ondary. ~ 7. These coils ‘ cover the 3 U.S. Amateur Bands, The Kit INustrated Covering 15 to 133 Meters Complete $12.50 all European A m Coil No. 4, 125-250 M Coll No, 5, 235-550 M ateur Bands, pieti Price $4.00 Price $4.00 Short - Wave ent Broadcast, U. S. 4. Al - Get these coils from your nearest dealer, Naval and Com- ling ; or order direct from the factory mercial Short- by a] l Wave Stations, ete. AERO PRODUCTS INCORPORATED, Dept. 16, 1768-1772 Wilson Ave., Chicago, Ill. ee a a a a a a a a e's e's ee ee ee ee ee ee ne sve Bradleydeak THE PERFECT GRID LEAK Provides a noiseless range of grid leak resistance from 4 to 10megohms. Assures most effective grid leak resistance ~ value for all tubes. Small grid condenser (0.00025) is separate. Metal parts nickel plated. One hole mounting. Co. Electric Controlling Apparatus 277 Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, Wis rd EEE E EEE EEE EEE EE 635 Short Wave Kit ee eee ee ee ss en ee minent engineers in the country ler Dyott in his expedition of of Doubt, his receiver being + ry by RADIO BROADCAST foe Distortionless Amplification he “sure fire’’ dependability of Dual resistances for DeForest “*H'* tube or one or two f evs bday ? P . watters $3.50. Special Grid leaks for any tube to order noly Let us solve your voltage drop probleme. Use all tubes ina cry*t . control! transmitter on main generator. Our resistances wil! tak« Kit consists of four coils. a coil Care of the aifferent voltage requirements. ndensers and an antenna con- CRESCENT RADIO SUPPLY CO. | Liberty st.. Jamalea. N Y. Type 117 Short Wave Coil NEW es ee eee LEARNERS BUZZER PRACTICE SET endeneess oo pot be house on base board. consists of key and buzzer, $1.00; U. 8. S a . , . ba nal Corps. Field Telephone sets, $3.00: Marconi hand driv y ask your dealer for the S-M C. W. Magneto generators, 2500 rpm. 1500 volts, D.C. 1 mil. $12.50; Send and receive. nine Terminal Cam Switc! in case (British) type SES 42, $1.75: Edison Storage Bat sen terles. 10 volts, 8 twin cells in case, type L-4 5.00 Ju cy Sliver- a sample of our bargains. Get our new and latest reduced r Marshall, Inc. price list for 2c stamp. We bought $10.000 worth of United Rn e States Government Radio Transmitting and Receiving Set Bivd. Chicago, U. S. A. and Parts. Mail orders sent all over the world. WEIL’S CURIOSITY SHOP, 20 Seuth 2nd St.. Philadelphia, Pa SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q §S 1

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the Ihumunated Dia NATIONAL Velvet Vernier Type C By Day,— the National Velvet- Vernier Illuminated Dial Type C is indis- tinguishable from its sister—Type B, with beautiful, dur able, heavy Bakelite Case—variable ratio of 6 to 1 to 20 to 1, clear figures, unex- celled smooth vel- vety action. By Night,— the clear, glareless light of the National Illuminated Velvet- Verier Dials invites you to your Radio in a quiet corner,— for a tour of the Continent or a stay at home with your favorite local. With all the famous Velvet-Vernier qual- ities and very easy to attach... .Na- tional Velvet- Vernier Dial Type C. Price $3.00 each. National Company, Inc., Engineers and Manufacturers,—W. A. Ready, Pres., Cam- bridge, Mass. Makers of NATIONAL BROWNING-DRAKE Coils and R.F. Trans- formers, Impedaformers, Condensers, Power Transformers, etc., for Radio. Send for Bulletin 116- QST-2. BE SURE YOU BUY THE GENUINE NATIONAL R A DIO PR. ae hh: 2 ee SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q ST

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Automatic silent “A” Battery Charging— always on the job! Storage Battery that is rged now and then, gradu- ower and reception be- suffer. If, however, you seless trickle charger your “A” Battery will ned at full efficiency me without your giving ed with combination ntrolling the “A” charg- radio reception, and indi- rove that the battery is harging. es 6 volt “A” Bat- it % amp. and t Batteryat % amp, dein 2 Models: ‘ ombination * nh . . . ° A utomatic . >. Steoling TRICKLE CHARGER. Send « Sterling bookiet 8S shor « line of radio equip- men . tata on radio care. THE STERLING MBG. Co. 2831 Prospect Ave., Cleveland, O. = I LR-4 KITS NOW READY FOR DELIVERY Madison Multi-Chokes, Cockaday L(-27, Hammar- lund-Roberts, Alden Truphonic, AmerTran Power Pack, Ultimax, Infradyne, Benjamin Controiladyne Kits in stock. JOBBERS-DEALERS PROFESSIONAL SET BUILDERS Refore buying. get our quotations on our GUAR ANTEED KITS 3-Hour Shipping Service 1927 BUYING GUIDE A few copies left for Dealers and Professional Set Buikiers Send for yours today It's free! Address Dept. Q We are the exclusive direct representatives of the Committee ef 21 Manufacturers. Allen-hogers om: Head quart s S East 28 St Neu Third Edition—Revised Just Off the Press “RADIO THEORY AND OPERATING” By MARY TEXANNA LOOMIS 885 Pages—700 Illustrations—Price $3.50. Used by the Department oa Commerce, All U. S&S Naval Training (Radio) Schools, U. 8. Coast Guard Academy. U. 8. Signa! Corps, also all Radio Institutions in U. S. and Canada and many Universities. Technical Colleges. and High Schools | Buy of your dealer, or send uw check, express, or money order LOOMIS PUBLISHING COMPANY | Dept. T- 405 Ninth St., Washington, D. C. Selected by engineers for use in leading circuits because they’re RESISTORS Ti THE NEW, SHIELDED ammarlund Hamm RTS o HiO— HAMMARLUND. RO ROBERTS. | Inc., cornea H Bre ceben NEW YORK 86 SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q ST

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BROWNING-~DRAKE “=i RADIO Ge" TESTED... Then Highly ENDORSED INCE its introduction several years ago, Browning-Drake Radio S has been TESTED by thousands of radio amateurs throughout the world . . . then whole-heartedly ENDORSED for depend- able radio reception. This unusual endorsement has put Browning- Drake into a hundred thousand homes where Browning-Drake per- formance is giving permanent satisfaction to its owners. By using the one stage of scientifically designed radio frequency incorporating the famous Browning-Drake slot wound transformer, together with the flexibility of dual-control tuning, a combination is to be had that has never been surpassed for all around radio re- ception. Browning-Drake produces only one model . . . the Browning- Drake Five which is completely assembled at its Brighton labora- tories. Every set is unconditionally guaranteed. You will find the price of only $95. as amazing as its performance. Ask the nearest Browning-Drake dealer to demonstrate it for you TODAY. Inquiries from radio amateurs are always gladly received and promptly answered. Browning-Drake dealer has made money and every customer oe be en [are ALERS: Don't overio ok the Browning-Drake opportunity. Every permanertly pleased. Write or wire TODAY for proposition. BROWNING-DRAKE CORPORATION, BRIGHTON, MASSACHUSETTS — er — SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q 8 T

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THE SUPER SYNC RECTIFIER ynchronous Rectifier That Can Be Filtered Super mitter your plate supply sured troubles are over. Should ive a you intend to build a plate larger transmitter at ge d@- some future time the nstant Super will handle the load teady just as easily as the small load. The commutator is turned at a synchronous speed by a % H.P. 1800 R.P.M. synchronous motor. The motor can be supplied for different name plate rat- ings if desired. PAT. PENDING PRICE $75.00 F. 0. B. ST. LOUIS, MO. MARLO ELECTRIC CO., 5241 Botanical Ave., St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A. : Become a Radio Operator ee orld. ma ncome. Avoid Hard Work — ——- Ah A, Fay Splendid Other advantages to the student unequailed in any NS ITTE American port. per cent of operators graduating on Gulf during past four years trained by MR. CLEMMONS, Supervisor of wilt to a Quality Instruction. Every graduate secures position. Guara —¥ The High« Day and Night Classes; enroll anytime. Write for Circular .— meters, Receivers Gulf Radio School "sue ort i" Special Byuipme t cipt of dat = FAMOUS S63 gg? TRANSFORMER We buil " any $s t we can furnish same. All BH VIVAPHONIC a Dual Guaran " For quality of amplification, use th« Low-Loss, Shield Structure Aud only En sal : I Radio Laboratory io transformer made. (Patented) a Write for Catalogue lllustrating Aud 12 08 ¢ Warren, Ohio io and Transmitting Transformers. ‘hom { Short Wave Apparatus” BENJAMIN HUGHES ELECTRIC CO. 298 Lagauchetiere St. W. Montreal, Canada Transformer Builders Since 1910 Short Wave Equipment SPECIAL AMATEUR Sapaletaner ires this season the Special Amateur Dept. in charge of its the latest in short wave equipment, transmitting and erything necessary for the amateur and experimenter given to short wave kits It will pay you to get our a of the Barawik Catalog and Guide also gives a com- radio sets, parts, kits, supplies and accessories necessary in ! pages of radio's newest developments. Standards equip- manufacturers at tremendous savings. free copy of the 164-page guide. Also please include yw would he interested. BARAWIK CO., 540- 571 Monroe St., CHICAGO, U.S.A. SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q 8 T ™

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When others failed— ACME remained on the job BUILDERS AND OPERATORS OF AMERICA’S FIRST RADIO OPERATED AUTOMOBILE HOUDINA RADIO CONTROL CO. RADIO AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS 119 DOTY STREET KAUKAUNA, WISCONSIN Address reply to " ¢ HOVe 20th 1926 Acme Apparatus Vo., 37 Osborn St., Cembridec, Mass. Gentlemea:- Wo take the liberty of advising you that we have used "ACME" apparatus on the "American Wonder", better known as "america's first kadio Operated Autoucbile”, and the controlling transmitter "Station 2Xax" for almost two years. It is with pleasure that we advise you that your pro- ducts have given us vmusual service, and never failed to functior properly in all kinds of weather. dur transmitter is built of "ACME products exclusively, and where instruments of other make have broke-down or fell to pieces the "ACIS" apparatus has remaine on the “job”. We write this letter, without request, and with our mission to uso same in any advertising matter you may desir« Respectfully yours, HQULINA KADIO CONPROL CO. a AS usual—Acme again shows its quality present contributions to quality and elim- and its stamina. And in this there is a vindication of your good judgment " —you who were the original users and Cents for new Acme Booklet, ‘Power friends of Acme apparatus. See Acme’s Supply for Radio Sets.”’ ination at any good dealer’s and send 10 ACME APPARATUS COMPANY Dept. E-21 Cambridge, Mass. ACME ~/or emplification SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q ST 89

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for REAL RECEPTION! Kinston “B” Battery Eliminator Guarant and de! ume. P the san wide voltage ing “B” theon vibratior will not negligib! Price with Ra KOKOMO ELECTRIC COMPANY THE “‘WINDHAM”’ Type S.S.0. Condenser Satisfies Every Condition Removable 4%” shaft, hollow spindle, uniform station separation, easily mount- ed on panel or table, the best of ma- terials and workmanship. You have often paid twice as much for a con- denser half as good. Send for Catalog THE GOYER COMPANY, Willimantic, Conn. ove the battery nuisance r tone and increased vol- ree different voltages at Each tap adjustable over a possible any desired to 150, absolutely harmoniz- upply to your set. No noise or ns no acid or solution and Operating cost At Your Dealer's MIDWINTER BARGAINS! WARREN $6.00 PHONES 2600-ohm; super- sensitive; ideal for Dx. Our special price, $1.50 2MFD. CONDENSERS Capable of standing 500 volts. For B-Elimin- ators, Filter Circuits or any place where a high quality condenser is needed. Absolutely guar anteed against break- down within the voltage specified. Packed in lacquered meta! cane 85¢ MORE CROSLEY SETS! Just received another lot of Crosley No. 51, 2-tube sets. We sold so many through QST last month that we're offering them again at our bargain price o $3.95 ACME LOW-LOSS TUNER Low loss; single hole mount ; space wound. Primary of Litz wire; secondary of spaced enamelled wire and tickler of silk wire. Emn- tire form made on bake- lite. SPECIAL PRICE $2.75 90 RATHBUN CONDENSERS 11, 23, and 43 plate. A $5.00 condenser specially priced at $1.00 RADIO SURPLUS CORPORATION 250 Washington St., Boston, Mass. } SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q 8 T

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HAM-ADS —_—_—_—. NOTICE Effective with the July issue of QST tle policy of the “Ham Ad” Department was altered to conform more early to what it was originally intended that this de- partment should be It will be conducted strictly as a service to the members of the American League. and advertisements will be following conditions (1) “‘“Ham Ad” advertising from members of the American The signature name of the individual Radio Relay accepted under the will be accepted only Radio Relay League of the advertisement must be member or his officially the assigned (3) Only one advert be accepted for any ment must not exceed (4) Advertising shall radio amateurs or » art. sement from an individual Ss advertise issue of » and the 100 words. be experimenters of a nature of in their pursuance of terest lay of any character will be ographical arrangement, such as all or used which would tend to make ivertisement i out from the others The “Ham Ad” rate is tance for full amount must accepted, art capita ers, be 4 Slal (6) Te per word accompany he 25th of Remit- copy second month preced THE life blood of your set—plate power. Powerful, per- unent, infinitely superior to dry cells, lead-acid Bs, B nators. Trouble-free, rugged, abuse proof, that’s an Edison Steel-Alkaline Storage, B-Battery. Upset elec- t illy welded pure nickel connectors insure absolute et Lithium-Potassium solution (that’s no lye). Com- knock-down kits, parts, chargers. Glass tubes, k-proof jars, peppy elements, pure nickel, anything need. No. 12 solid copper enameled permanently per- aerial wire $1.00; 100 ft. Silicon steel laminations for that transformer l5c Ib Details, full price list. Frank Murphy, Radio 8ML, 6406 Carl Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. PURE aluminum and lead rectifier elements, holes drilled, brass screws and nuts, pair 1/16”, 1” x 4”, 18c, 1 x 6 l5ec, + x 6 17e, 14% x 6 19e. Sheet aluminum 1/16” $1.00, $1.90. Lead $1.00 square foot all prepaid. Silicon insformer steel cut to order .014”. 10 Ibs. 25 cents, 5 Ibs. 30 cents, less than 5 Ibs. 35 cents per Ib. 4 cubic hes to the lb. Postage extra ‘4 cash with order ance C.O.D. Edgewise wound copper ribbon .350” le; 344” outside diameter 10c turn, 44%” turn, 64%” 17c turn, 7%” 20c¢ turn, hulz, Calumet, Michigan. 13e turn, 54%” prepaid. Geo. 7 WE want every ham to have a copy of our Hamalog, the most complete catalog and handbook of its kind pub- ished. It’s free for the asking. Be sure to get it. We handle De Forest transmitting tubes. Type “H’’, $18.00, type “D”, 10 watts, $9.00, type “P”, 250 watts, $110.00; » special on 20 watters, $12.00. Some specials: General Radio wavemeters, type 247W only, 25%, off, while they st UC-1831 condensers, $1.20. Copper strip 4” x 16”, 4c per foot New fall Amateur call-books, 75c. ARRL Handbooks, $1.00 Don't forget to write for the Hamalog, OM. E. F. Johnson, 9ALD, Waseca, Minnesota. SL ecards $1 per 100, highest quality, orders filled im- mediately, COD or cash with order. William Green, 207 Cathedral Parkway, N. Y. C. to 35° discount to amateurs on receiving parts, no ts Our weekly data sheets give you more dope than the radio magazines together. 20 weeks trial $1.00, 52 eks $2.50. Over two pounds data, circuits, catalog, repaid 25c. Fred Luther Kline, Kent, Ohio. 'DGE radio shortkut produces results quickly. Raw ginners master code easily; hams increase speed rapid- 1CJX Stetson says: “Quickly raised speed to 27 per” ’M Connor says: “Mastered code your way in 15 min”. ‘UN Briggs says: “Shortkut for speed, now do 27 per”. ry of surprisingly rapid progress as told by 200 Users now licensed also quarter coupons—25 cents. Reports h radio disct and information—on request. Shortkut SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—JT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST with Appendix and Better Key Work $3.50 US and Can- ada, elsewhere $4.00—Reg mail—None COD — Money Order only. C. K. Dodge, Mamaroneck, N. Y. GENERAL Electric 24/1500 volt .233 ampere dynamo- tors brand new $35. With shaft for external belt drive $38.00. Generate an unusually pure DC. Crocker- Wheeler 24/1500 volt 450 watt $45.00. Some at $35.00. GE 12/350 volt .143 ampere $15.00 Navy SE 1012 range 50-1000 meters brand new $45.00. Worth $75.00. Navy Precision Wavemeters fine for lab work $45.00. Navy Blinker Key CQ 1140 $2.00. Cost $16.50. 500 cycle generators all kinds. Fotos. Henry Kienzle, 501 East 84th Street, New York. LOTS of new R.C.A. UV202 Five watters $2.50. New R.C.A. $12.00 loops $2.25. James Marinell, 8BEP, Youngstown, Ohio. 500 CYCLE 75 volt 375 watt generator 110 volt DC motor on same shaft for sale with or without 60 cycle single phase 3 HP induction motor 110 or 220 volts. Make offer FOB Pelham, New York. Lansingh, 2227 Lakeshore Avenue, Los Angeles, Calif. WHEN we say low prices we mean just that. Pilot SLW condensers .75 is just one of our bargains. Write for our transmitting and short wave receiving list. Kenneth Hanifan, Waterville, Ohio OMNIGRAPHS, vibroplexes, transmitters, receivers, chokes, coils, meters, transformers, condensers, “S’’ tubes, transmitting tubes, rectifiers, wave meters, eliminators, motor generators, relays, super heterodynes, radiolas,— bought, sold, exchanged. Sell, trade E.LS. 8 tube super 350. Guns wanted. L. J. Ryan, 9CNS, Hannibal, Mis- souri WANT side inductance. W. Markert, 5562 etce.. REL Illinois. motion key, Shields, meters, Chicago, wavelengths; De- Concert Grand Merrill Fox. cover all Baldwin cheap. Utah. 13 HONEYCOMB Forest Mounting; unit and other 6UJ, Pox 1775, coils S.P. switch; radio junk very Salt Lake City, to and 10 watt transmitters. Want 500 volt motor- lowa. SELLING Prices right generator. 100 watt Write for list. 9DIN, New Hampton, out 100 Govt. QSL cards $2. As you want them, 3950. Your call on 4x6 card FREE with each Fred Church, Millington, Mich. SPECIAL- two colors order. 150 Ken- or 50 henry Frankfort, Acme 30, 40 R. Bloxton, used R.C.A. or choke coil. Cc. WANT milliamp tucky. 700 WATT transformers, 1000-1500 volts on each side of center tap $14.00. 250 watt transformers 550-700 volts each side $10.00. Room on both for filament winding. F. Greben, 1927 S. Peoria St., Chicago, Illinois. FELLOW hams here’s your opportunity:. For sale: Ken- nedy type 110 Universal Receiver and type 525 two stage amplifier $65.00. This set tunes from 150 to 30,000 meters. One 7A Western’ Electric Amplifier $50.00. Six S Tubes $6.00 each. Western Electric 50 Watt Tube $20.00. One Omnigraph with 15 plates $18.00. One type 358 General Radio Wave Meter $15.00. One Emerson Electric 1000 volt Motor Generator set 75.00. Two U.P. 1016 Power transformers $10.00 each. Frank L. Root, 3545 Lafayette Ave., St Louis, Mo., 9BEQ. WANTED Omnigraphs, 50-watters, S-tubes. Price Griffith, 1109 Eighth Avenue, Fort Worth, Texas. $2.95—Brand new Gould 24 volt rubber enclosed bat- teries. about 2500 mills. Hunt Spencer, 3558-65 St., Woodside, New York 9DCD—Selling out. Write for list. M. W. Clark, Clin- ton, Mo SELL 1 brand new Western Electric fifty watter, $20.00. 5ASU, P. O. Box 205, Montgomery, Alabama. FOR sale, all kinds of transmitting apparatus. 5ALH es 5ALA selling out. Apply Joe V. Wright, Mirando City, Texas 91

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FOR insformer $4.50, 3 Kenotron tube QST, $3.25, 2 pair Brandes head t Briggs battery charger $5 tter with R.C.A. Kenotron, radi complete, $95.00 Edwin R. ¢ REAI vy CW sets, Westinghouse Coo; rectifying tubes, new, 5 r ™ only Larger sizes. efunded on purchase. S York, Penna, 3AAO.

SELL: Entire equipment at crystal controlled 4WJ GR type 358 wavemeter, new; Jewell pattern 54 0-) DC Voltmeter; motor generator; plate and filan transformers, and complete 100 watt crystal cont transmitter. Write for list. Radio 4WJ

WANTED one “S” tube or will sell one Concordia, Kansas.

FIVE Western Electric 50 watters $28 each W motor-generator about 2000 volts 1000 watts reasor Gordon Brown, 192 South Goodman Street, Roc New York, SBKF.

NOW ready New ham list. Sent free on reques those items you have been looking for. Such as (

eral Radio wavemeter 14 to 224 meters $22.00. G porcelain wall or stand-off insulators 25c 50 heavy duty grid leaks $2.00. Acme transformer ! chokes, all sizes and for all purposes Jewell filan voltmeters $7.50, radiation ammeters $12.00, plate liammeters $7.50 Pure sheet aluminum 90c and she lead 75c square foot Ammonium phosphate Ib 50c and plenty more Write today for list, Harris, 5RM, 104 East 10th St., Fort Wofth, Tex EDISON elements and parts for storage ba units for sale. Type “A” welded elements 5c per 1} Type 3-G, 6c. 4x6” tubes, 3c 1x6" 4 Separat fc per doz. tt separator 514x8™%” 5c Potash Lithium for 5 Ibs solution 85c No. 20 pure r wire, le per ft No. 18, 1%4c. No. 16 copper stra rubber covered hook-up wire 1'4c per ft Complete battery charger, $2.00. Send for complete list. J. Z 904 N. 5th St., Philadelphia, Pa QSL hams Neat original call es heard cards Ss on request Tell us what you want NQ, 130 ( St... Roslindale, Mass COMPLETE 7's watt transmitters or parts Writs list I. W. Erhardt, Ender:in, N. Dakota HAM Headquarters—Mueller 150-watt input tubes 315 RCA 5-watters $3.15 Federal Buzzers $2.75 P 2000-volt 1-mfd condensers $2.50; 2500-volt 1l-mfd $ Aerovox 1500-volt 1l-mfd condensers $1.75 Good Vibroplexes $10.00 R. Curtis, 1109 Eighth Ave., F Worth, Texas. FOR sale—“H” tube in set only 30 days perfect dition, $12.50 Baldwin “C” headset with two nits, $5.00. 6ARY A.R.R.L. sweater emblems should be worn by all k members They are made of the highest grade b and yellow felt, 5”xs" diamond $1 postpaid N COD's Eric Robinson, 135 Jefferson Rd., Wel Groves, Mo.

CURT t power-filament trans- form 0 Thordarson 650-volt powe r 5-watters $6.90 Thor- dar 0-550 each side $11.00; 10% | Thordarson 550 power- filar Edgewood copper strip 6 ir Aluminum square foot a5 Jewell 0-15 Voltmeters 37 } New “Ham-List”™ 4c. Jame 1109 Eighth Avenue, Fort Wort FELI . 2 tube iperheterodyne, all big ‘ ttle ones if you want the r elective, $1.50. Brown- i RFA going good, $1.00. 18-1 ‘ tandard parts, nothing to w H tford Times SP Et I Sangamo filter con- lense i? is operation at 1000 volts D i £4.00 Tobe 50,000 ohm rrid tubes, $1.00 Bradley Ra for the primary of your ‘ ’ Bradley 2000-30.000 ohm $5.00. R.E.L. all-wave R.} epaid three zones Full ine ( Engineering Laboratories eq prices G. F. Hall, 133 East P POW! } es, $2.00 30H chokes $1 prepaid Write for new M. Leitch, 32 So. Park Drive. We EV r 1/16” sheet lead and alun N 12 “Dynex” solid cop- per er p 10 “Dynex” solid copper ename \ tock of Acme and The e coils Jewell meters and T make that short wave trar ’ r for < atalog ie “Dy nex for DX BIN, 1407 First North St.. Sy LIST or condensers, dials irgains S9EDU, Re- NAV’ eivers, SE1440A-150-1250 meter } stages audio, ideal for comr neg stations. $275 10/350 volt N Navy 900 cycle alternator elf-« Elect tube UV204 $95. Dubil , i-8500V at $8 Western Electr eiver, complete, new $240 uv. Ss. 2 Submarine chaser CW936 trans original case, $225 Long ave $65. Navy precision wave- meter Navy direct reading wave- mete manufactured by General Ra- dio Can be calibrated for Da nat Guaranteed new Arthur Fa Brooklyn : 4 rRANSM Write E. G. Squires. wr GEN 120 watts will give 400 volt eed motor fine for phone $x : Used generators 500 0 watt No. 10 Gen- erator De. output 300 $8 6 volt nput watts $20 Uc1831 variable 4000 ! ers $1.60 4% Kw. motor renera hones $1 1016 transformers 11.5 ntings $1.50. Postage t R. Wood, 46-20, -“~ -_ * ~ SAY YOU SAW TRANSFORMERS Thordarson, plate, filament. « nator and receiving at special prices Headphones battery chargers also special For latest low-price write 2APJ, 643-5 West 1 t Street, New York City

1000 V. 300 W motor-generator, $85.00, 1500 V W. double commutator motor-generator $175.00, 2500 2 kilowatt generator double commutator generator pled to three phase 220 volt 1750 speed motor, 2500 \ 600 W. double commutator generator coupled to 110- V. 60 cycle single phase motor 1750 speed, 1 mfd. Ws ern Electric Condenser 50c. Prices F.O.B. Chicas James Smat, 1734 Grand Avenue, Chicago, Ill

AUDIO transformers rebuilt with new best quality wi ings at half new price Carefully tested and guar teed Loud speakers rewound and repaired, two-fifty four dollars A. B. Clark, Albia, Iowa

rEW new W.E. fifty watters $27.00 Navy dynamotor 32-350 volts D.C. $15.00 Karryradio portable case w wp and horn, $5.00 2BYJ

INDUCTANCE rheostats are BWJ Rheostats—a la oratory product The primary of filament transform control, permitting balanced center-tap A relia init in daily use, with satisfaction guaranteed, $3.( ost paid 15 cents higher west of Rockies, and Canad Edwin Hare, 9BWJ, Paintsville, Ky IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QS T

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Q R A SECTION S0c straight, with copy in following address form only: CALL—NAME—ADDRESS. Horace K. Hentz, West Harwich, Massachusett »d J

Horace K. Hentz, West Harwich, Massachusett

rt St. Paul School Radio Club, Concord, N. H

D. H. Borden, Sea-View Ave., Touisset, Mas Charles A. Smith, 73 Water St., Danvers, Mas -— One object only, The Sirois, Jr 17 Martens Place, Mount Ve a ee to make and sell Fran M. Field, Quarters N 25, Governor N. ¥ only the best Con-

—. ; Re ae ae densers and other Finlay, 355 Centr Park, We t, New York City Technical A p- L .., N.Y. , paratus.

aT a a Se aR Tobe Deutschmann Co. ° _ Engineers and Manufacturers of F. E. Fisher. Drawer O. Breckenridge. T« Technical Products Dee Walker, D ngerfeld, Texa ‘ Cambridge, Massachusetts (

D. Garcia, Van Nuys, Calif. PRICES TALK AGAIN

R. Babize, 608 West 107th St Lo Angels ROMPT RELIABLE SERVICE A goods d on money ara I | mr pla d filament trans _ hs - 7 va : forme a 650 volt —_ : y } yy r ‘ i ‘ a center ta 1 Wh D i McKeeth 112 Seve eenth A r la 4 : ' P a0 wa Ida at ¢ a llan ra ae as c ccaemesneemiiiteetaiinias — jm an . ' wa te Thordarson plate supt , . wn left *s ittanninge Pams ra f “TY >) watt $1! 5 5 vat tr sformer for up t W A. Hoove ] J > kK anning I ait ox $14.9 4 power tra ' rs 200 watt $18.45 —— — oe 2127 ” ' Acn 1 f wed Acme 30) DM—Lawrence J Ww ‘ Box 155 Wiseland Av a & - f t e $22.50, Jewell 3 inch tush Sac wiiie eters 0 to 8, 10, 15, 20 A. C. or D. C. voltmeters i y ¢ . size of yon ammeter $ 0, Antennna current - } 8 ’ e $9.85, a zes Of high voltage D. ¢ B. R. Bartlett, 667 Madison Ave., Meadville, Pent ers 0 : Genuine ( iw lensers double spaced ‘ g ndenser ppacity 0022-3000 volt breakdown . €2 45 Genuine Cardwell .001 plate condensers $1.95 Pee R E L. Tra , Inductances double with coupling rods ( H Vincen i N hlaw Ave., Detroit, ec OF « e $4.65 R. E. IL. shortwave coil Kit wave range 10 rar meters reduced to $3.75. REAL BUY! Genuine R. C. A t¢ s ondenser will withstand 1°,000 volts ideal for plate AYP—Don D. Plehr 18 Maple Street, Fort Mors gt mdensers i aern Os ‘ elreults ats: as Hartley ned grid tuned plate master oscillator crystal ] call . Price $.95 Crescent 5000 Ohm transmitting —_ —— ——____———- - ee" rid : This Trademark Symbol is us — —_—_—_—_—_— , ; @ on All Genuine Pacent e lowing statior velong to members of the rst .R.L. Headquarters gang Mail for them should be phate - segs — . eS ssed care A.R.R.L., Hartford, Conn quality of the pioneer radio IMK Headquarters IES A. A. Hebert Si parts manufacturer. AL H. P. Westm: 1GO L. A. Jon a dee 1KP F. Cheyney Beekl PACENT ELECTRIC CO., INC. DI F. } Handy 10A R. S. Kruse 91 SEVENTH AVE., NEW YORK HW K B. Warr isZ C. ¢ Rodimon — SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q ST

to) wa)

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MONEY-SAVERS MICROPHONE If you are “on voice” this “mike” is what you need. Spring sus- pension. Extremely sensitive. Complete with cord. $15°°° RCA 1 RCA UP- 7x2 AUDIO|IMPORTANT poets FORM ! | TRANS- verses | NOTICE! [tS ist ist $38.50 $1. e0 ‘ yt TR STCCK OF Special anya ng - Cardwell RR plate Condensers — RHE‘ entirely SOLD 15¢c y Pe IT. We offer, 0 RCA 1 titutes, Rath-- RCA UP- CA ‘3-plate Con- 1656 ers, $1,00; Fed-| Filament Osci plate Con-| TRANS- TRANS Se ee nsers, 95¢:Kello; FORMER FORM : = 75-Watt List $ List $15.00 Special $ Special $5.50 Rad BUZZERS | TELEGRAPH KEYS Solid silver contacts; made to sell for $1.75 SPECIAL 49c | NAVY RECEIVING TRANSFORMER Desirat als and for 5 tives | Covers the wave-tength band & soun mbling | up to 300 meters. List, C.W AL 7Se | $12.20. SPECIAL $3.78 } CARDWELL CONDENSERS ting Con- for 3000 Condenser, Special, %e King ‘condenser, 15-16 plate ate $1.50 WRITE FOR OUR HAM LIST and B.C.L. BARGAIN BULLETIN RADIO SURPLUS CORP. 250 WASHINGTON ST. Boston Massachusetts FOR YOUR CONVENIENCE QST’S INDEX OF ADVER- TISERS IN THIS ISSUE Acme Apparatus Company .......cccecceccscsces gg Acme Wire Company .......... o - . 2 Advance Electric Company bewedeces eveeaus & BE Be, ER cesenasencdccacess Aerovox Wireless Corp. ° ee . Allen-Bradley Company owe , . 66, 8 Aluminum Company of America Allen-Rogers, Inc - : ee Amateur Raclio Specialt y Company ...... American Sales © —p eee ceece American Transformer Company Amrad Corporation .....cecccccscccsccess : A.B.R.1L. Handbook = ..cccccccccccccccccceses - Srd Barawik Company .........ccccccceecceesceeeees Browning-Drake Corporation ..........ss«+. -_ Burgess Battery Company ........sseeeeceenee . 4th Burton-Rogers Company .....ccececcecsceceeees Cardwell Mfg. Co., Allen D. .. vy 2° % Carter Radio Company _ on ; Cc. E. Mfg. Company .. Central Radio Labs. ........ Crescent Radio Supply Company Crosley Radio Corporation eneeceeese - Cunningham, Inc., E. Ty. ........-eeseees 2nd DeForest Radio Company etesese Deutsect mann Co., Tobe ..........05- se ’ Dongan Elec. Mfg. Company ... : &? Dudlo Mfg. Company ........-scccecesseceees ‘ 7 Eastern Radio Institute ececcesoces Electrad, Inc ° venenensecsacoos Electric Specialty Company Electron Relay Company Elkon Works, Ine ‘ Ensall Radio Lab. .. MPTTTTTTIT TTT TTT Fansteel Products Co Ferranti, Inc Formica Insulation Co ° cave Frost, Inc., Herbert H. .. ecepecccceceocesece General Radio Company .. etnecesessesces ¢ Goyer Company at f Grebe & Co mpany, i. 2 Me ec ‘ . : Gulf Radio School oseeee seenesese nee & Haleo Mail Order Service bens cceebenseses ‘ Hammariund Mfg. Company ° ceccceos Hammarlund - Roberts ; aeececeeesoeses International Resistance Company Jewell Electrical Instrument Co Kokomo Electric Company Lynch, Arthur H., Ine Loomis Publishing Ctmpany nee ececevesese Marlo Electric Company National Carbon Company National Company ‘ . New Jersey Radio Supply Company Pacent Electric Company ........... OST Back Copies osae ye peasésous OST Bound Volumes , nGecceecacecs : Radio Corporation of America Radio Engineering Labs. .. Radio Institute of America Sees , ‘ Radio Surplus Corporation a , 90 R.G.8. Sales Division ............ ngeeeeeesesese 8 Sangamo Electric Company pp adleetenbe Scientific Radio Service .. — ; weakeeeee t Signal Electric Mfg. Company peetes ¢ Silver-Marshall. Inc. ....... tawe yoeveasenases s Smith, B. Hawley ...... on iu caceneece Sterling Mfg. Company ass soemeceeceoese SS Stromberg-Carison Tel. Mfg. Co eanecocencaves Thordarson Elec. Mfg. Company ..............s65 Transmitting Equipment Company .............. Ultimate Transmitter Company .. Sess ccessece Utility Radio Company ........ vee veesebues Vibroples Company ..... pesdneiedceteconkhounbes f Ward Leonard Electric Company ..............6. f Weil's Curiosity Shop ... EE Fs POP Se & Weston Electrical Instrument Corp acebeban Wireless Specialty Apparatus Compar 1 ceescsosee \ i ES ere ee Yaxley Mfg. Company ...... pecccccccceccesed ( PR NbedheRAdsectscctacepsseneonecese ocees oe § 94 SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QS T SA

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Station 9AM, owned and operated by J. L. Adams, Glencoe, Illinois, represents simplicity nd efficiency from the ground up (HI). The transmitter is the familiar inductive ipled Hartley. A Pyrex socket holds a UX-210; the plate current supply is from a bank of fourteen Eveready Layerbilt “B” Batteries, delivering 630 volts of pure DC. Shortly after the transmitter was completed, tests were carried on in the heart of Chicago using a thirty-foot horizontal antenna, strung through an apartment building, using a radiator for ground. During these tests nearly all reports from the East, as far as New Hampshire, were R7 and R8. Stations on both coasts and North were worked during these tests. Southern stations, however, were nil. This work was carried on in the middle of summer under all weather conditions. Some of the best contacts and best DX were accomplished during heavy electrical storms. The percentage of contacts ran astonishingly high during these indoor tests. As a result of these experiments and later ones, 9AM has become a confirmed believer in dry cell “B” batteries for low-power You'll handle more traffic on pure DC transmitters. Witness the bank of Eveready Layerbilts on the table in the photograph. The success of these tests was undoubtedly due to two things in the main—the pure DC plate supply and the simplicity of the Hartley Circuit. The transmitting amateur will almost invariably stop on a pure DC note, because of its readability, its ability to penetrate heavy QRM and QRWN and its pleasing tone. Inasmuch as this layout is located in a kitchen, pure DC plate supply is absolutely necessary to keep that frying noise out of the emitted note (HI HI). Eveready Layerbilt “B” Battery No. 486, 45 volts, is being chosen by a steadily increasing number of BCL’s as well as amateurs. We know of no battery that gives longer service. Manufactured and guaranteed by NATIONAL CARBON COMPANY, Inc. New York San Francisco Canadian National Carbon Co., Limited, Toronto, Ontario “ “ “ Tuesday night is Eveready Hour Night—9 P. M., Eastern Standard Time, through the WEAF net- work stations Radio Batteries -they last longer SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q ST

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Card —= TYPE 183-B—5000 Volts TL wel lt .eQwre— EW RATINGS! - tage Breakdown ratings previously published on CARDWELL itting Condensers have proven somewhat confusing to many users, recom und 50 WATT TUBES f 800 or less, C. W., or with r less, I. C. W. or Phone. 0025 $4.25 005 5.00 01 7.00 1005 7.00 50 WATT TUBES 1500 or less C. W., or 1100 C. W. or Phone. $7.00 10.00 12.00 00022 .00044 .00022* “— the convenience of the Amateur Fraternity, we make these tions for primary and Antenna Tuning Condensers. FOR 250 WATT TUBES With plate voltages of 2000 or less, C. W., « or less, I. C. W. or Phone. 183-B Improved .00015 For Larger Power 166-B -0003 The TAPER PLATE TYPE “E” Capacity Mmids. Taper PLATE Type 191-E 75 167-E 150 168-E 250 ‘ Tree"E” | 169-E 350 ees 192-E 500 5.01 t Mounting Feet, 25c per pair. Sold Separately. Che Allen D. Cardwell Manufacturing Corporation 81 PROSI STREET BROOKLYN, N. Y. STANDARD OF COMPARISON’ SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q ST

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F. E. Handy, Communications Manager 1711 Park S8t., Hartford, Conn. Abbreviated Standard Procedure Standard procedure brings uniformly good results. That is why we have it. Some of the high men in the B.P.L. are forced to adopt abbreviated standard procedure to meet competition and hold their places, however. It is quickest to use standard practise when working a rank beginner because one will otherwise have to stop and explain the harder-to-understand abbreviated procedure in detail. While for ordinary message-handling work, stand- ard procedure will insure that everyone understands what you say and do, we will mention the ab- breviated procedure in passing in the interest of brev- ity on the air and so that you can understand what is meant when you hear some high speed stations work- ing tegether. In handling lots of messages with a number of scheduled stations most stations can cleared by holding all stations to 15 minute schedules and having a bunch of schedules in consecutive order. To get several messages through in 15 minutes n't an easy job but the following practises have helped to cut down unnecessary transmission to some extent and have been adopted by the Maine Mes- sage Pushers’ Club to help in bettering the state- wide organization and in keeping the gang in the B.P.L. consistently. 1AUF nulBMS P, meaning paid, personal, or pri- vate message (adopted from commercial procedure) is much quicker than HR MSG appended to a call. N QSU is shorter than QRU CU NEXT SKED. 1BIG keeps the correct order of the preamble given in the R. & R. but instead of saying HR MSG FM AUGUSTA MAINE I1BIG NR 156 OCTOBER 13 CK 14 TO ete. he saves transmission by using RDO AUGUSTA ME 1BIG 156 OCT 13 14 to ete. Another thing that conserves operating time is to cultivate the operating practise of writing down 156 1UE 615 pl0/13/26 with the free hand during the sending of the next message. It is hard to do at first, but all these little points added together make the total time saved on a message mean something. QRP-QSO Tests for 20-Meters The T. & R,. Section of the Radio Society of Great Britain announces further tests to be held daily dur- ing the month of February. Efforts to establish two- way communication with as many stations as possible will be concentrated on Saturdays and Sundays par- ticularly, when most station-owners can spend all their time operating the set. The eg’s (English amateurs) will operate on 23 meters (13,000 KC’s) using a maximum power not exceeding 25 watts which preliminary tests indicate is ample. nu’s (U. S. A. amateurs) will use the 18.7—21.4 meter wavelength band (14,000-16,000 KC’s). The T. & R. Section is endeavoring to make the test an international one. Countries not licensed for 20-meter work will of course have to work on fhe nearest wavelength. Times of daily tests: 1800-2000 G.M.T. (noon—2.00 p.m. Central Standard Time). Please take part in these international tests if pos- sible, OM. Reports giving full details regarding sta- tions HEARD or WORKED on 20-meters during the tests should be sent to A.R.R.L. Headquarters, 1711 Park St., Hartford, Conn. A complete report will be compiled and forwarded to the T. & R. Section and if of general interest the results will appear in QST. It’s up to you OM, so please put over our end of these tests in typical A.R.R.L. fashion. QST FOR FEBRUARY, 1927 Traffic Briefs 6RV recently handled a lot of football traffic work- ing 6DBL in Hawaii both night and day while the Utah football team was playing in Hawaii. Local fans were able to keep in touch with the progress of the game They and their friends in the Ha- waiian Islands also were given the opportunity of extending greetings via radio without the delays in- troduced by using mail or telegraph service. One more instance of the service given the public by amateur radio operators and their stations. FB, OM! Let’s hear of more good work like this, fellows. 6EI is a new YL-station at Long Beach, Califor- nia Miss Edith Haddock has just received her “ticket” and is now operating at 6BZL, owned by Jack Farmer to whom she is engaged. The two 714-watters get out in fine shape on 40-meters. Miss Flora Turner, 6BXA, is the other YL helping to roll up the traffic totals for Southern California. The New England Division still claims the honors with 1KY and 1AID both in the Brass Pounders’ League. but it looks as though there was going to be some competition from the Pacific Division. What do the other Divisions think about it? The Amateur: —HIS CODE I The Amateur is a Gentleman. He never knowingly uses the air for his own amusement in such a way as to lessen the pleasure of others. He abides by the pledges given by the A.R.R.L. in his be half to the public and the government. The Amateur is Loyal. He owes his amateur radio to the American Radio Relay League, and he offers it his un- swerving loyalty. The Amateur is Progressive. He keeps his station abreast of science. It is built well and efficiently. His operating prac- tice is clean and regular. The Amateur ig Friendly. Slow and pa- tient sending when requested, friendly ad- vice and counsel to the beginner, kindly assistance and cooperation for the broad- cast listener: These are marks of the amateur spirit. The Amateur is Balanced. Radio is his hobby. He never allows it to interfere with any of the duties he owes to his home, his job, his school or his com- munity. The Amateur is Patriotic. His knowl- edge and his station are always ready for the service of his country and his com- munity. ——PAUL M. SEGAL

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Here's On the with oz3A had ask Proclama located a to SAI quarter Zealand ing the 6BMW stations Re sure when you How's Camden, asking out of Maine ‘ after wh ing the |! The whol Much |} yet it number of the f with It isn’t out of t bands withir The pr from a teurs been just start Africa same « ear oper The Dy South NKF or Operator count < getting set with feyr The near expediti amateur early spr doubted pedition there key that call. H to Point 4{KFZH for ‘em QST’s thing isn when yo from the , SBWT messag* on the 1926 ma kept sired A Perhaps SEU da Gover statist countri« 1624 ser six reg owner Operator, and made esting bit of amateur cooperation. last Thanksgiving, 6BXI was QSO American citizen in New Zealand for our President’s Thanksgiving response to SAI’s request, 6BXI the Proclamation and sent it single transmission taking an hour and a copy was received at the New nd the Proclamation read at a meet- there. Fine work, OMs! Manager, would like to hear from schedules especially for P. I. traffic. ide all dope as to wavelength, etc., e, gang? Not so long ago, IBCY of a message to 1BIG of Augusta, man reservation on a certain train 1BIG immediately called up the the reservation, a return message to 1IBCY, giv- f the reserved berth on the train. upied only three minutes of time. d already about operating off wave, « done consistently by a surprising Most of them are on the low side band, thereby interfering greatly Why must you do this, fellows? and you'll get just as good work f you'll just come up into the proper f we can’t have 100% operation bands from now on. editions that are out are not heard at least not by most of us ama- inian expedition (BAUM) has not e short-wave radio thus far as it is plunge into the uncivilized portion of power set is there for use just the to amateurs everywhere to keep an all so we can cooperate when needed. elt expedition (GMD) is still in the wilderness keeping contact with r echedules at certain specified dates. has returned to this country on ac- th. Bussey is having good luck in NKF regularly using the low-power fiver’. r a lot of expedition work in the mighty bright, tho. A number of high power transmitters for general e getting ready to start out in the MacMillan party (WNP) will un- ts annual trip. The Putnam ex- s going up again and we are sure some of the gang behind the have heard before with an amateur ason (7BU) tells us that he is going with the Wilkins Arctic Expedition as February 12—so keep an ear out There will be more dope in later tart tuning up the old set if every- | condition so that nothing will slip hance to grab some important traffic rte of the earth. QSO'd oh6AXW and “SQ” took 19 Speaking of 3BWT, some statistics f this Official Relay Station during nterest. ree transmitters were wing 178, 82, or 39 meters as de- ge of four daily schedules was kept. consistent one is that kept with hasn"t missed once since the ‘ast lent Relay. Getting on with the tes, 5 Canadian districts, and 15 rked, 2484 messages handled, and distinct QSO’s made. 83BWT has Eppa W. Darne, “Ed” being both tor. The other ops have stations of be known by their personal “‘sines” at SBWT. They are Frank Dunan, W. Downes, 3WU “Reds”; W. E. R. E. Banker, 3BHV “BK”; Earl M “AC”; H. PF. Sheehan, 3CHC “CC”. “erregate some $700, the principal replacements and new apparatus. watt hours were burned up in keep- the air and the correspondence surprising figure of $67 because this station lives up to the motto, “We always QSL”. 3BWT is a reliable QSR point and always QRV for your traffic for Washington and points with which scheduled contact is maintained. Need we say more? SAWT suggests that it will save time in asking for QRA’s, if more operators will adopt a persona! sign made up of their two initials and USE it. When a personal sign is used in agreement with the name in the call book. it indicates nine times out of ten that mail addressed to the call book address will be delivered or forwarded to the man worked. If the personal sign is not in agreement with the call book, one can then take steps to find out what operator is on at the station worked, getting the correct ad- dress if The only time when a persona! necessary. é sign will not indicate the name in the call book is when the call book is wrong, or when a station is operated by a staff of several operators. Perhaps the most northern amateur radio station is 8AZS (Stanley W. Brazil, Battle Harbour, Labrador.) Using one 250 watter supplied by a generator driven by a 4 H.P. gas engine, 8AZS gets out well on 41.5 meters. Four schedules a week are kept with nc8SAR. WNP has been worked regularly A schedule is being arranged with nclDD. 2RV has been operating on a steamer running from the U.S. to European ports. 2ANM worked him regularly for two trips straight about all the way to the Suez canal! WWDO is the U.S.S. Cedar, a government supply ship for Alaska operating on about 32 meters wave- length. 6NO (38m.) has been QSO several times making some tests. It was found possible to work WWDO in Alaskan waters at 11 a.m. over the 2,000 miles of ocean, though of course the signals were not so good as when usually worked at night. NIJX is the U.S.S. Gannet, the tender ship of the Alaskan Aerial Survey Expedition. A receiving tube with 350 volts on the plate is used on 34.7 to keep in touch with the base station (7BH) located at Juneau, Alaska. 6BJX worked NIJX, handling a number of messages ressed to members of the expedition on the Gannet while they were near Sitka, Alaska Though signals may have been heard over greater distances on lower power than this, it is not at all bad traffic-handling work for a re- ceiving tube. 9CKS worked VYG a number of times when she was unable to make scheduled contact through nc2CG Among acknowledgments of messages deiivered was a letter stating that the message represented the second word one family had received from the sender, a Northwest Mounted Policeman in the Arctic in two years. 9CKS says it makes a fellow feel good to help like this. To Lieutenant Haydn P. Roberts, oplHR, goes the credit for some most energetic organization work in the Philippine Islands. As a result of his activity there is now in operation a Philippine Section (pro- visional) of the Pacific Division of the A.R.R.L. 6BUC, the station of the Radio Club of Hawaii, is keeping two schedules with the Philippine Islands regularly. Contact can be established at any time without difficulty. The amount of traffic handled between Hawaii and the Philippine Islands is merely a question of the number of messages originating in the ~~ and the number relayed from the Coast to waii for re-handling to the Philippines. 7IT, the SCM or Oregon, recently made use of amateur radio to connect Mr. Baldwin, his father’s business partner travelling on business in New Zealand, with his business associates in Portland. Oregon. Several messages were handled by ozlAO at Aukland who kept consistent and reliable schedules and who hoped to give the business men on both ends of the circuit a kick out of some direct radio conversations with New Zealand. Unfortunately, Mr. Baldwin had to make his headquarters at Well- ington so the work could not be carried out as planned by ozl1AO because Mr. Baldwin could not QST FOR FEBRUARY, 1927

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come to the radio station. However, ozlAO de- serves much credit for his willingness to help and his good sportsmanship when he found that things sould not be pulled off as first planned. Direct contact was established finally through Mr. Shrimp- ton and his son of oz2XA located at Wellington. On August 15 at least 500 words of actual messages and a quantity of calls and conversation were handled by TIT and oz2XA sending double but without a single repeat. Next morning. a 775 word business message was put through bad static and jamming in three hours and a half working time. Since then some other long messages have been handled sending single (with a few repeats) when conditions were better. Traffic is still being handled on a regular schedule. Good operators and good stations are rolling up a good communication record under ad- verse conditions. Amateurs the world around are right on the job whenever there is an opportunity to be of service! 7YC is the station of the Seattle Y.M.C.A. School f Radio Telegraphy, operating on 40 meters. Several yperators keep the station on the air afternoons and four evenings a week until 10 P.M. Route your traffic to Seattle. Washington. via 7YC to insure prompt deliveries. The QRA of FI-1 is Fort Ruger, Territory of Hawaii and the station at present operates on a 41 meter wavelength. Dick Chase, ex 1KX. 1AXQ, ADM, ADPM, and DS in Maine is now in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He writes that it is impossible to quit the amateur game. He tried to sell his apparatus and forget amateur radio forever but the bite was too deep. Now he is taking steps to get a new outfit on the air and will probably sign 9BUG. A good call for ich a dyed-in-the-wool amateur as Dick! Roebuck operator of KFUH, is on his way from Honolulu to New Orleans on the §.S. Volunteer of the American Pioneer Line. Some of the gang wil] get some interesting information on their signals if they get in touch with Roebuck before his return to Honolulu. nc9AI and ne9AQ, the stations of the Hydro Electric Power Commission of Ontario, located at Toronto and Hydro (near Cameron Falls, northeast of Port Arthur) respectively, are licensed to operate on all amateur waves as well as on their own waves of approximately 30 and 50. Permission has been granted for the operators (nc3FC and nc3HP) to handle A.R.R.L. traffic at any time when the opera- tor is not busy with Hydro business. A quarter K.W. tube is operated from a motor-generator supply using the regular Hartley circuit at present but the sets may be changed to crystal-controlled operation later n the season. nc3FC sent us a message from nc9AI recently via 1BVR stating that the station was using horizontal wave propagation and a wavelength of 88 meters for amateur work. tt i ee Every sation owner or QST reader contemplating the installation of an amateur radio station shouid obtain a copy of the booklet Safety Rules for Radio Installations (Handbook of the Bureau of Standards No. 9) comprising Part 5 of the National Electrical Service Code. This can be obtained from Superintend- ent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Wash- ington, D. C. for ten cents (stamps not accepted). The new rules for installing grounding switches, put- ting up antennas, bringing lead-ins into the house, clearance distances of antennas above streets, and driveways or below telephone and power wires, and so on are given in full and the booklet is invaluable as a guide to be followed in making changes in the station or putting up a new outfit. Better send for it now, OM, and see if your outfit is O. K. 8ATX recently worked HK3Z (somewhere in China) who asked that the gang listen for him each Friday morning (2 to 7 E.S.T.) on 30.7 meters wavelength. HK3Z also tests at this time on 7.5, 10, 17 and 22 meters. All reports or requests for in- ee on this station should be sent care of 8ATX. QST FOR FEBRUARY, 1927 BRASS POUNDERS’ LEAGUE Orig. 501 1AIT 2ABF 287, 9BKV 284, 2CYX 282, 1UE INK 266, 8XE 245, 2ANX 240, 1BMS S8AWT 233, 1AJM 230, 6BHI 230, 8CGZ iEB 223, 1AOQ 222, TYA 222, 93DWN 6AXW 217, 8BVR 216, 4DD 210, 8AVK 6AJM 209, 9GI-DCJ 204, LATV 202, 2AT 200, 1AID 187, 3ADE 181, 1HB 176, 5AMO 175, 4BL 174, 9APY 172, 6APO 172, 8DED 171, 1JL 168, 9EBL 168, 1LM_ 167, 3CAB 164, 2AWU 160, 4AOH 158, 6RV 157, 1ADL 156, 7TABB 155, 6RJ 155, 6ABM 154, 1AVL 1650, 6BQ 148, 6PV_ 147, 9AED 145, 40B 143, 8AB 143, 1AOX 142, 8BBL 141, 2QH 140, 2BCB 138, 8AKC 138, 6BVG 135, 6ALZ 135, 2AVB 135, 2AKR 135, 5ANL 135, 9DOE 134, 6AZS 134, 6CKV 133, 9ZK 133, 8DSY 133, . 9CAJ 138, 1AQL 131, 9BWN 131, , 8CWT 130, IBKV 130, 1BHM 129, , IKY 126, 2AMX 126, 3AIG 125, 2ADH 125, 9DGR 124, 2AVR 121, 8GI 120, 1DI 119, 21S 119, 9BIB 119, 9CSB 117, 1XM 117, 5APG 116, 6CYH 116, 6BXD 116, 2CLA 116, 2AML 115, 8AGI 111, 7AAT 111, 9BWJ 111, 6CCO 110, 8CEO 110, 6RW 109, 6BYH 108, 8AUB 108, 8GZ 107, 9EJQ 107, 1IP 107, S8BLP 106, 1AAL 106, 9QD 105, 8AHC 105, 8AVB 105, 1FP 104, TPU 103, 8VE 103, 8BAH 103, 4MI 102, 2DY 101, 9BTX 100. The honor roll of brass-pounders took an- other jump this month—so that we are obliged to list the 25 highest stations first, closely fol- lowed by all the others that piled up totals in excess of the 100-messages-per-station mark. 1AAP originated quite a bunch by virtue of which he leads them all this time, quite a num- ber of others competing with him for first place however. The stations that undertook the responsibilities of making deliveries and boosting two-way citizen radio traffic locally deserve especial credit for their efforts. It is a favorable sign when in a number of cases the “delivered” column in a report shows a higher figure than the “originated” column. Every station in the list is a real good traffic station and the owners and operators have reason to be proud of their performance. Some districts seem to stand out above the others by virtue of having a greater number of traffic men with a place on the honor roll. Sept. 21, 1924 was the date of the first two-way QSO with New Zealand (6BCP-z4AA). This year the active San Pedro station owners decided to re- member the anniversary by working as many stations in Australia and N. Z. as possible. Most of the sta- tions in the city were closed during the summer but three were put on the air at short notice. 6BOL, 6CUA and 6CWK clicked with z4AC, a2SH, and a4BD during the 2lst and got considerable mention in the local papers for their stunts. All the San Pedro gang cooperated in the usual fine shape to put over the publicity stunt for the good of amateur radio. Itt

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rH THE ROUTE MANAGERS work 1 progressing rapidly. Some reports have been coming in during hope for more next time. Follow- es of regular operation gleaned RMs: Cc. B. Weed, 1BHM, R. M.:— \M—noon daily PM Sun. 11-12 PM daily PM daily. Sun. afternoons PM daily PM daily. Sun. afternoon PM daily. 5:30-6 PM daily ay afternoons LaCroix, 9DKM, R. M.:— AM and 6-8 PM daily 8 PM daily ex. Sun. AM Sun. AM-1 PM daily M daily AM daily ex. Mon. 0 PM daily ex. Thurs. PM daily 80m. 39m. 83m. 80m. SACHUSETTS—R. Brown, 42m. 85m. 41m. 76m. 80m. 39.5m. 80m. 78m. 78m. 79m. 78m. 79m. 79m. 39m. 80m. 40m. PM daily 80m. : PM Mon., Wed., Fri. 80m. 2 PM Mon., Wed., Fri., Sat. 80m. 12 PM Tues., Thurs., Sun. 40m. PM daily 40.32m. 12 PM daily 79m. PM Fri., Sat., 80m. M daily PM daily PM daily M daily except Sat. 2 PM daily PM daily PM daily PM Mon., Wed., Thurs Sat. and Sun. PM Sun., Mon., Wed. M daily PM daily M Sun., Mon., Wed., AM Thurs., Fri., Sat. 12 PM Tues., Thurs. M daily Sun. M.s sent in good complete reports, ng times of regular operation, hedules with other stations. This nd can undoubtedly be used to the present what we want is the hown in the above reports. ing this article has been made during the months by RMs. distorted to a degree in order >= f te MOST CONSSTENT RAFFIC ROUTES our sections, and then we'll be able to give you some real dope on good traffic schedules throughout the country. Let’s see a big bunch of reports next month, fellows. Remember that all this information is going to make for efficient message routing, and will rais: our percent delivery of messages. CLUB ACTIVITIES CALIFORNIA—The Santa Clara County Amateur Radio Association has installed an automatic tape transmitter for code practise, as well as a new low power transmitter for use until the higher power one is completed. The Western Amateur Radio Association is doing fine work in interesting BCLs in amateur work, and hopes to get several new brass-pounders before long 6CKC, 6BHX, 6BAA, 6TS, 6AUY, 6BFU, 6NZ, 61M, 6CTX, and 6AHG put over FB comedy skit at the recent Pacific ARRL Convention at San Jose. ILLINOIS—tThe Chicago Radio Traffic Association held a hamfest at Chicago, which was attended by guests from several miles around. Many interest- ing speeches were followed by some acrobatic stunts by 9CMR and 9FP. SLY and his committee were mainly responsible for this enjoyable get-to-gether The New Trier Radio Club of Kenilworth, Ill, has been holding regular meetings at which interesting lectures have been given. They expect to be on the air shortly. MASSACHUSETTS—tThe Springfield Radio Associa- tion has completed its new building, and is commen ing work on a transmitter. 1BSJ is the one who first planned on the club’s owning its own transmitter and is the instructor of the Association. Completior of the transmitter is expected within a month or tw: MONTANA—The Butte Radio Club is coming on the air, and expects to hold an ORS certificate soon. NEW JERSEY—At a recent meeting of the Sout! Jersey Radio Association, the mother of one of the active boys made a wonderful cake, which, needless t say, helped to make possible a real, bang-up meeting NEW JERSEY—tThe Raritan Valley Radio Clut is a new organization at Somerville, N. J. Mem- bership is quite large and growing rapidly. NEW YORK—The Radio Club of Brooklyn has changed its location to the Erasmus Hall High School. All transmitting amateurs of Brooklyn are invited to write to the Secretary, Mr. D. F. Kay. 823 Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, for information re- garding the activities of the club. NORTH CAROLINA—The Charlotte Amateur Radio Association recently elected 4UQ, 4CQ-WBT, and 40E, as its officers for the coming year. SOUTH DAKOTA—The Sunshine Radio Club of Platte, and the YMCA Radio Club at Sioux Falls are doing fine work. The membership of both clubs is growing, and activities are being planned. Darling, I am growing old "Namelled strands among the gold When your grid turns up its toes And your plate no longer glows Then with gusto I will sing Of the feats DX cards show Yes, my darling, you will be, will be Always pure DC to me And your records I will keep In that shack where KC’s leap. —L, W. MacLellan, 1HZ. One incident of amateur cooperation must be mentioned as showing the ability of amateurs to fill the needs of almost every situation that comes up ir the course of station operation. 4AAM in Charleston, S. C., rates the credit this time. While QSO with WVR, the government station at Fort MacPher- son, Ga., 4AAM learned that WVR wanted to connect with NAO (located half a block from 4AAM). As the diffi- culty seemed to lie in the fact that NAO could not hear WVR, 4AAM phoned rmation as possible in as small a So don’t worry if you find yourself rent part of the country than you have been appointed for all NAO telling the operator to follow the heterodyne squeal of his receiver unti! he got WVR’s wavelength when he would cut off his receiver. This plan worked nicely so that the government stations hooked up for traffic handling without further difficulty. Congrats and FB on the fine work 4AAM! QST FOR FEBRUARY, 1927

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NOTICE! Nominating petitions for Section Communications Managers are hereby solicited from the following Sec- tions: Petitions to be valid must be filed on or before Section Alaska Montana Oregon Washington Sacramento Valley Los Angeles San Francisco San Diego Hawaiian New Mexico Manitoba Noon, March 2, 1927 Noon, March 2, 1927 Noon, March 2, 1927 Noon, March 2, 1927 Noon, March 2, 1927 Noon, April 2, 1927 Noon, June 2, 1927 Noon, Feb. 1927 Noon, Feb. » 1927 Noon, March 2, 1927 Noon, March 2, 1927 The closing dates for receipt of nominating peti- tions in the Sections listed is given above either as previously announced or extended when necessary due to the failure of members in filing petitions in certain Sections. Petitions must be filed at A.R.R.L. Head- juarters on or before the time announced to be valid. The proper form for nomination was shown on page 45 of April 1926 QST. The candidate and five signers of a nominating petition for Section Communications Manager must be members of the A.R.R.L. in good standing and the signatures on the petition must be authentic or the petition will be thrown out as in- valid. Members are urged to take initiative im- mediately, filing petitions for the officials of each Section now operating under temporary officials, so that the work of organization can go forward every- where without further delay. —F. E. Handy, Communications Manager. ARMY-AMATEUR NOTES 1ST CORPS AREA—1APM is operating at Head- quarters in Boston, and works a schedule with 2CXL once a week. This station along with 1YC and 1SL is working in the Army Net every Monday and Friday night. 2ND CORPS AREA—SHJ, the N. C. S. of the Western N. Y. Net, sends out a mimeographed bul- letin to all the A. A. Stations in his net every month. 8AX, 8ANX, 8CPG, 8DME, 8BHM, 8VW, and &8HJ are the most active stations, and keep schedules Monday and Thursday nights. 2ASE is arranging schedules for the Eastern N. Y. Net, and also send- ing out mimeographed bulletins. 2CYX N. C. S. of the Bronx Net, and 2APV are keeping schedules regularly. 2CYX wants all Bronx stations interest- ed in A. A.- work to write to him. 2EV has re- signed as the N. C. S. of the Manhattan Net, and is succeeded by 2ANX. 2APD, 2ARM, 2AVR, 2AND, and 2PF are the most active stations in the Brook- lyn-S. I. Net, keeping schedules every Wednesday night. 2AFV is a new A. A. Station in S. I. 3HW the N. C. S. of the N. J. N. G. Net has been very active. Schedules for the N. J. Auxiliary Net are kept by 2KS, the P. N. C. S. The regular monthly meeting of A. A.s was held at N. Y., at which Mr. Ross A. Hull of Australia gave a very interesting talk. All Net Control Stations are requested to submit their monthly traffic reports promptly on the last day of the month to 2SC. 38RD CORPS AREA—Army Amateur Stations are still needed in Annapolis, Md., and Harrisburg, Pa. Signal Corps station 3SN is the N. C. S. of a gen- eral net organized in this Area. Schedules are maintained with 2CXL, with 3BOG as alternate. Amateurs interested in the above schedules are asked to write to 3SN. 5TH CORPS AREA—Cgpt. Gardner of Fort Hayes, who has been in charge of the A. A. work, has been assigned to a new position in Washington, D. C., and Capt Glessner, from Fort Monmouth, N. J., has been assigned in his place. 8GZ, the N. C, S. and 8BYN are cooperating to get things in this area running smoothly again soon. 8DPT. of the 87th Signal Co., Ohio National Guard, will be on forty meters soon, with crystal control. Nets are being formed. Any one interested is requested to write to 8BYN. QST FOR FEBRUARY, 1927 TRAFFIC BRIEFS 6BJX still holds the fort with his regular Philip- pine Island schedule—15 months of it and still going strong. Conditions have been rather poor, making QSZ necessary. The Christmas rush made up for previous slack traffic for the Philippine circuit that has been kept in operation so reliably. oplHR and 6BJX batted out the holiday messages at a rate of about 25 per day, notwithstanding the poor radio conditions. The messages handled through this one station alone,, if sent by cable, would have undoubt- edly cost the senders upwards of $35,000. The text of a typical greeting message from 6BJX’s message file may prove interesting and is reproduced with the consent of the recipient. “It is January first 1927 in the tropical Philippines and we bid sunny California a Very Happy New Year while it is still 1926 in the Golden State by means of short- wave radio which has done so much to reduce dis- tances and make this a very small world. May this year’s improvements be as phenomenal as last year’s is my wish to the radio amateurs who are respon- sible for the present development. To you, mother and dad, we wish much health and happiness for the New Year.” More power to you 6BJX! Keep up the good work. When there are messages for the Philippines we certainly know how we are going to route them. 2BO and 6BSL recently hooked up for a trans- continental message handling bout. A message from New York was phoned to Los Angeles by 6BSL (Long Beach) and in just 21% minutes the answer was back in New York. Just another little example of that thing we call “service” and all ac- complished “via amateur radio.” 6BVY’s schedule with oplAU has now been in operation for about seven months. Many Philippine tourists’ have been kept in touch with their homes in the U.S.A. A college professor was located at the University of the Philippines. Late in August some very important traffic, possibly instrumental in the saving of a human life hanging in the balance was handled, giving authority to certain doctors in charge of an important case. reports that traffic bound for Japan ap- 9CDE parently gets through, as one message he QSRed through 6PR brought a letter in reply. jJOC is being heard in this country but no one reports hooking him yet. oa2CS offers his congratulations on message deliveries in this country in a message to the C.M. received through 9CLS. Ten messages he sent different stations for relay were delivered 100%. Perhaps the fact that his messages were good meaning-full messages had something to do with it. We have observed that the important mes- sages that really do mean something ALWAYS AR- RIVE while it is the rubber stamp type of message that falls by the wayside. PLEASE MAKE THE TRAFFIC YOU ORIGINATE GOOD TRAFFIC. OFFICIAL BROADCASTING STATIONS Changes and Additions (Local Standard Time) 7.00 pm 10.30 pm 12.30 pm Days of Transmission Mon., Wed., Fri. Mon. Thurs. 1CMX 38 2ADH*** — 2APV 37.57 8APV 2BBX** 2CTH 5ANC* 9AUG - 9BKR 40 Tues., Thurs. Mon., Thurs., Sat. Wed. Mon., Tues., Fri., Sat. Tues 9SBQO 40 Thurs §BQO0 180 *9 p.m., 80 meters. ** 6 p.m. Sat., 10 a.m. Sun., 37.56 meters. *** 2.00 a.m., 80 m. Fri.

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fillianm ALI for wake A new this Sé« message work satisfact if you excuse is as work «a GOOD ticket DECOR 20 M a SAV} SAKW little will n PRR w sBCQ work io M to QSY hit th is now 8AVI usual was traffic crysta , SBIR § Wt The r time very station give a tions ORS It traffic tions very Let us to a porting Zang ar 8VE, of traffi are the ORS as SABW 8CES t 8AGQ trol or coils for at the is putt on the trouble ie on vi DIVISIONAL REPORTS ATLANTIC DIVISION \—SCM, H. M. Walleze, 8BQ— much space on activities this not so hot and we have other SHD says Phila. is a MESS. are as many ORS in Phila. as the Section, but the average run gh A half dozen real ORS in ly handle more real traffic than he Section but LEAD THE U.S. per CITY. The rest must traffic or fade out of the picture. fective at once to be tried out in och ORS must handle at least 10 th That is only a few hours from 40 up. Only a plausible, ficient excuse will save your ORS Failure to see this notice is no lf of you read these reports, which reporting. If you have ARRL are doing your bit by pushing talk” is superfluous. An ORS is going to be more than a Handled 44%. Skeds kept \ power leak cut 8EU’s total. g and is a PRR. 3NP slumped a alling battery DC. 8WH says he BPL next month. 8BFE is busy on FQ had the hard luck in the family. W-B. SHD razzed the 3rd Dist. ng receiver trouble. Handled 26%. 3VF is going DX was punk for 3BLC. 38AIG SBUV wasn’t on much. 3AUV ntrolled. S8BLP was very active. trong DX was FB for 3LW as er steps across for 3BMS. 8RT ther work. SAY handles Army up this time. 3ZM has the 8CW flopped to 40. SPY was Handled 30%. SADE says traf- SBIR lost tubes. 8ADQ and totals. Things froze up for 3QL. big bottles. 8BQP kept a few skeds. with new inductances. mail your reports a week before due. e 26th, tho. 883, SEU 350, 3AWT 233,, 8CGZ SADE 181, 38AIG 125, 3BLP 106, 69, 3QL 55, 3SM 49, 8BQ 49, 3AKW HD 42, 8CW 28, 8CCQ 82, SAIY 18, 4, 8BCQ 13, 8RT 11, 8BLC 10, SAY 8, 3BQP 8, 3VF 6, 8PY 5, BUV 2, 3LW 2. PENNA—SCM, G. L. Crossley, 8XE for the month is very light for this ear The reporting stations are also orting regularly. About 20% of the -very month. , gang, I rknob of excellence to all the sta- ection if for one month ALL THE AND REPORT ON TIME. » the time of the year that the should be at its height. Some sta- eh originated total but fail to show relayed and delivered columns. get that traffic handled column up after this month. The stations re- SCM as being members of the PRR REAL work are 8AGO, 8XE, 8BRM, EO, 8GI and 8BRC. This is a gang rs the SCM is proud of, but where the PRR gang? Why are they not nged his QRA to Johnstown and SCEO is doing fine work on 80. »odeling. 8GI is putting Xtal con- ers. 8DHU has transmitter plug-in bands. He also has a code class High which includes 4 YLs. 8AYH ew chemical rectifier. 8BRB is again i D bands. 8DNO is having BCL now on with a 50 watter. 8CRK | with 7% watt Heising fone. 8ZD has been busy with the Xmas rush. 8BDJ is looking for traffic on the 80 band. 8VE is changing to a 400 watt self-rectified outfit. 8CKM will be on again soon with his 50-250 watt TP-TG xmitter. 8BBL says WX has been poor for DX but good for traf- fic. He handled 141 msgs. in one week of the Xmas vacation. Some of you who think there is no traffic should take notice that 80 meters has plenty of it. 8GK worked 23 stations in the month and found no traffic. This is on the 40 band. 8XE has been off regular schedule for the last week due to Xmas vacation. It is on 40 and 81 meters. Traffic: 8XE 245, 8BBL 141, 8CWT 130, 8GI 120, 8CEO 110, 8VE 103, 8AGO 94, 8BDJ 84, 8AGQ 35, 8ARC 27, 8DFY 19, 8CFR 19, 8DHU 19, 8CRK 18, 8ZD 17, 8DNO 16, 8BRM 16, 8CYP 11, 8ABW & 8BSN 7, 8AXD 2. DELAWARE — MARYLAND — DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—SCM, A. B. Goodall, 3AB—Maryland: Chief activity centers around Baltimore. 3HG is probably leading the DX gang and may be heard consistently working the long range stuff. 3PH, another old timer, is in the 80 meter band with a 60 watter and arc rectifier. 3RF, 3CEV, 3PU, 3VI1 are all reported active. %38CJ, a new station in the town, is already active in relay work and promises to be a reliable contact point to the outside. 3VI and 8CGC both semi-old-timers, are heard occasion- ally. 3BUR and 8PS are in operation both on the 80 and 40 meter bands. 38CFX is often heard in the 80 meter band with a pretty DC note and seems to be handling an appreciable amount of traffic. Dist. of Columbia: 3BWT, as usual, is the lead- ing traffic station. This is done chiefly by 80 meter schedules before 8 PM. After 10:30 PM, 40 and 80 meters are used for traffic and DX. 3CAB is stil! pounding away respectable traffic totals on both 40 and 80 meters. Both he and 3GP are in the unique position of being able to originate a large number of useful messages. %3ACM, after sickness, has his crystal transmitter on 39.3 meters. Traffic: 3BWT 312, 3CAB 164, 3AB 148, 3NR 26, 8CJ 25, 3ACM 24. WESTERN NEW YORK—SCM, C. S. Taylor, 8PJ —Western New York begins a new year with many old timers applying for ORS. 8AYB has been ap- pointed Route Manager of W. N. Y., giving us one of the oldest operators in this end of the state to look after schedules, routes, etc. All interested in schedules and routes should get in touch with 8AYB at once. OBS are on the increase as well as ORS. The SCM wishes you all future success in the year. 8ADG reports 6 stations in Utica and 2 building and a 2nd op at 8ADG. 8AHIC works South Africa, Iceland, Morocco and Argentina. SAIL is still trying to im- prove his set. SAKC is building a transmitter for the Mohawk Valley brasspounders, using B battery supply. 8ANX is still improving his set. 8ARG is working foreigners. 8AVJ works England. 8AVR is on 80 now and reports 8APK, 8ANX, 8BMJ all handling message traffic. SAYB works all USA stations except 1, 2, 3 dists. Would like to know where gang are. His QRH is 77. 8BEN works China, receiving two Chink msgs. Wow. 8BGN works lots of DX also. 8BFG is handling traffic. 8BLP is at school. 8BMJ works 6th and 7th districts, Porto Rico and Mexico. He is an old timer—18 years in the game with spark, ICW, and phone. ther OT’s will remember Matty. 8BQK handles traffic. 8BZU works lots of DX and re- ports 8DNH is on again. 8CCR now has a crystal- controlled set on 76.5. 8CDB is a new station handling traffic on 37. 8CNH is now handling traffic and at- tending school. SCNT has schedules with 8AVB daily. 8CVJ is in line for ORS and has traffic. 8CTL has been heard in France. 8DDL has schedules with eg-2BOW on 80. SDME has schedules with 8HJ. SAHK and 8CVJ. 8DNE has schedules with 2AVB, 1BIG, 1BMG and,8AVX. 8DRJ states 2 new stations may develop in Amsterdam, N. Y. 8DSI heard in England on 5 watter and is after traffic again. 8HJ is handling Army, Navy and PRR traffic. 8KW is back again after 4 months absence. 8NT works DX and is now experimenting with antennas. 8QB reports PRR tests continue in fine shape. 8SD. 8DPL has been working 8YP, 8CGH and WSVS. 8VW is working Army-Amateur net stations mostly. 8CYB keeps schedules with 8BHM. 8BH reports 8AST is on 42 meters and is a partner of his in the R. R. Phillips Laboratory. QST FOR FEBRUARY, 1927

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Traffic: 8ADG 5, 8AHC 105, 8AIL 10, 8AKC 138, SANX 48, SARG 5, 8AVJ 19, 8CYB 24, SAYB 18, 8BEN 18, 8BGN 17, 8BFG 4, 8BLP 2, 8BMJ 43, 8BQK 29, 8BZU 4, 8CCR 63, 8CNH 8, 8CNT 23, scVJ 38, 8CTL 12, 8BHM 94, 8DDL 56, 8DME 36, . SDRJ 20, 8DSI 31, 8HJ 43, 8NT 18, 8QB 17, 8SD 4, 8VW 35. SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY—SCM, H. W. Densha, 8EH—SBTQ has been kept off the air by overtime in his work but has come back strong with a new 208A. 8KJ reports 3FZ and 3PI are QSO most of the seashore resorts. The SCM would like to hear from these newcomers. 8ALX is now one of the ops at 8XE. 3SJ has added France, Portugal and 3 more Canadian Dists. to his DX record. 8BEI is sporting a new Marco short wave receiver. 3BWJ, who has been tied down with studies, reports that he will be on the job more consistently the rest of the season. SUT had some tough luck and blew his 210. The SCM asks the cooperation of all Southern New Jersey ORS in traffic reporting and doesn’t want to have to cancel ORS appointments because the gang is careless about reporting. Traffic: 3BTQ 4, 3UT 59, 3BEI 1, 30Q 10, 3BWJ 2, 8SJ 24, 8KJ 1. CENTRAL DIVISION ISCONSIN—SCM, C. N. Crapo, 9VD—9DTK re- \ ports traffic flowing FB now. 9EK-XH keeps lots of schedules. 9BIB says Xmas greetings msgs helped total. Old Santa didn’t even bring him a grid leak. 9AZN handled one Army message thru 9DTK to Chicago. 9BWO handled msgs on 20, 40 and 80. SEAN was on only one week. 9EHM re- ports a 50-watt bottle now doing its best for the station with a good consistent range. 9AKY will be on the air more now as the weather is getting cold and the YLs do not require so much attention. COl’s fifty watter went to the happy hunting ground. 9SA was trying different types of recti- fiers. 9AGV had to move his transmitter up one floor due to local conditions. 9ARE’s transmitter s a 7% watter in a C. Hartley circuit, using grid mod. and phone altogether. 9BJY has put in a filter to stop BCL QRM, but it does not give D.C. SEEM uses two fivers but has had some trouble in working out or he might have had a better msg. total. 9BPW is still using one CX-310 with about 20 watts input. 9DLD has two schedules going now and both only once a week. One is with 9CBE, Minneapolis, Minn., on 40 meters every Sun. at 1.00 p. m. and the other is with 9CFT at Schofield, Wis., on 80 meters at 3.00 p. m. Traffic: 9DTK 528. 9EK-XH 476, 9BIB_ 119, 9AZN 66, 9BWG 31, 9EAN 25, 9EHM 23, 9AKY 23. SEAR 17, 9COI 6, 9SA 8, 9CFT 15, 9AGV 2, 9BIJY 10, 9EEM 4, 9BPW 138, 9DKA 55, 9DLD 46. OHIO—SCM, H. C. Storck, SBYN—8SBVR, who has been out of the game for several years, takes high honors for Ohio this time. FB, OM, keep it up! 8DSY comes second. He is one of the hardest work- ing ORS in Ohio. 8GZ comes third, which is quite a surprise, because he has been dormant for so long. He and 8BAU and 8BWW all have crystals and will be on the air with them soon. The SCM expects to follow suit when time is available. 8DO and 8CBP have been revived and have gone in together. 8AVB kicks in with a total of 105 and 8BAH with 103. FB. 8DJG, a non-ORS as yet, sends in his first report. 8AKO will be on consistently. 8AVX is a “comer” with lots of schedules. 8DBM is on 40 as well as 80 now. 8SCWR comes thru with a good report and says he’d drop dead if he saw Dayton. Ohio, mentioned in QST. Dayton has been rather dead, but CWR is putting it on the map. 8CQU is a good schedule man. S8BPL turns in a nice total. SPL has two crystals now and is on 87.67 and 39.35 meters. 8CTD is back after two years, and will be on regularly. SBRU says traffic work requires schedules. 8SI keeps schedules with a 201-A. 8BNW will soon be an ORS. 8CFL, is also a runner-up for ORS if he keeps up the good work. 8RJ is an- other modest ham on his reports, but a good con- sistent ORS. 8CMB is out after a flock of sched- ules. SDIA says “Santy” brought a “Vibroplex.” Watch for it on the air, fellows. We have a new ham here in Ohio, 8AKA, of Cambridge, ex8CGI, 9BJL and 9GX, a rover who has settled down in Cambridge and one whom the gang should help along for though he has not been on long, and has been working under very unfavorable conditions, he stil! turns in a nice total. 8SCXW, another new one, at Middletown, is on for traffic and is going strong. 8AEU is making a remote contro] set. QST FOR FEBRUARY. 1927 8DDO has an ORS appointment. keeps him from his set a he QSRs FB when he is. on. S8CBI_ says 40 not so good and he works 20 meters mostly. 8CPQ can’t seem to make his 204 perk on 40 so he put it on 80 and has two 203A’s on 40 and expects to turn in a good total next month. 8AYO is on the air regularly. SDEM still QRW with school but does good work when he is on. 8DCF gets little chance to work also. 81V, a newcomer in C. D. work, turns in his first report. FB, OM. S8APZ and 8DQZ are still experimenting with antennas. SBKQ is on with crystal control and reports it FB. 8RY is back from 2EP and would like to hear from hamis who can receive tests on 60 and 400 mc bands. As a whole, the work this last month has been very good and the SCM is proud of the cooperation and good ARRL spirit of the Ohio ORS. By the time this gets into QST, all the dead-wood will be out, in Ohio, and we are going to start with a bfand new organization for the new year. With the gang going as they are now, and with all the coming into our little organization, WE SURELY HAVE OHIO ON THE MAP TIME OR KNOW THE REASON WHY! say, gang? The SCM is working hard and the ORS are working harder than they ever did to help. 8BKM's work great deal, but Thanks, fellows, and keep up the good work. Traffic : 8BVR 216, 8SDSY 133, 8GZ 107, 8AVB 105, 8BAH 103, 8DJG 89, 8AKO 84, 8SAYX 74, 8DBM 71, 8CWR 67, 8CQU 57, 8BPL 56, 8BYN 48, 8BWW 36, SPL 28, 8CTD 28, 8BRU 22, 8SI 19, 8BNW 19, 8CFL 18, 8RJ 15, 8CMB 15, 8DIA 15, 8AKA 15, &CXW 13, SAEU 11, 8CLR 11, 8BKM 8, 8CBI 8, SCPQ 7, 8AYO 6, 8DEM 6, 8CDF 5, 8IV 4, 8APZ 2, 8DOZ 1, 8BKQ 1, 8DGP 1, 8DDO 38, 8DIH 20. KENTUCKY—SCM, D. A. Downard, 9ARU— SBWJ gets in the BPL this month. 9DTT lost his ORS. 9ALM is having plenty of time to work DX as he is quarantined for smallpox. 9ATV is re- building and hopes to have an ORS soon. 9ELL and 9WU are enroute on a trip around the world. Un- derstand they have taken a short-wave receiver to listen for the boys back home. 9ABR was off the air for two weeks lamenting over the loss of a fifty watter. He has another now and is making up for lost time. 90X is on consistently altho married. Hi. He says he is getting to be real good hold- ing “Jr.” in one arm and pounding brass with the other. 9GC is a new old timer opening up at Bowling Green. Do you fellows know we have only eight ORS in Kentucky? Let's hear from you guys that are not one of the eight. 9ABR is R-M for Kentucky. ORS, please write him regarding your schedules, etc. We want some trunk lines in Ken- tucky that can be relied on. 9ARU wants schedules on 80 and 40 meters. Traffic: 9BWJ 111, 9ATV 63, 9ALM 61, 90X 51, S9ABR 16,-9ARU 12. ILLINOIS—SCM, W. E. Schweitzer, 9AAW—For the information of our new stations opening up in Illinois, it is the desire of the SCM that you report regularly to him. It is not necessary to send copies of the messages you handle unless you are asked for them. The number of stations reporting during the year has steadily increased. Let’s keep it up and see if it is not possible that every station in active operation has his report in on time. It is the desire of the SCM that each station reporting offers some constructive information along with his report to put in with the traffic reports. Let's not make your report a rubber stamp. With the opening of the New Year and the closing of last year’s report now a back issue, may I wish you all a very happy New Year. 9AAE is operating 9NV most of the time. batteries went west with his tubes. 9AHJ is on 176 meters. 9ALK is asking for schedules. 9ALJ has been inactive this month. 9APY is keeping schedules with IAAP, 5ANL, 2CC, 8CEP. 9BIZ is experimenting with crystals. 9BKD is a new sta- tion coming on the air. 9BNA is on the 80-meter band at night and 40 in the daytime. 9BPX reports it hard to work west these days. 9BTX worked all U. S. districts, Canada and New Zealand. 9BWL using a syne rectifier supplies his 100 watts. 9CEC passed his radio exam OK. 9CEH is keeping many schedules. 9CHW just returned from WNX and bought the transmitter from WGDN for some 80- meter work. 9CIA works Australia and New Zea- land regularly. 9CN works South America. 9CSB reports his Hertz works FB. 9CXC worked South vil 9AGG's

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meter IDDZ uses is g jepartr IDHM nd New Zealand and ships at 0 watts. 9DAF will be on DDC will be on the air with meters soon. 9DGA reports AMA and 9WB opening up ‘X reports the quality of ama- 9DQR is taking music les- wing on brass rather than till working and going to crystal control. 9DYD re- M from BCL stations. 9DZR will ! saved to buy another fifty. affic totals in the future. 9EHK e 9ELR is on 42.5 meters. 9MR is away at school. with 8BFA and 9DTK. 9PU over the holidays. 9QD is route. 9CSB 117, 9QD 105, 9BTX , 9GE 68, 9BNA 68, 9CN 60, DOX 44, 9BL 43, 9CXC 41, CNB 31, 9CIA 29, 9BVP 238, BHM 25, 9EHK 23, 9PU 27, IDGA 18, 9CSL 18, 9RK 18. AAW 15, 9AJM 15, 9SK 12, ELR 9, 9BIZ 7, 9AHJ 6, 9CYN BBA 2, 9AAE 1, 9AGG 1. D. J. Angus, 9CYQ—9CP reports i the Narwhal tusk that Putnam ng VOQ. Says that it is six feet straight as a gun barrel and ed in its make-up. Congrats, OM, 1BK worked a little in spite of the 1DHJ is going again on 80 me- eded in handling some traffic dur- luring the holidays. 9DUZ is a and can handle your traffic. ; 9ASX is the most active 9AMI is on whenever he SBUI is on 80 but QRMed having fair success on 20 r two 7% watters, wants traffic. ibe, led Elkart for traffic. 9ABP ned grid and likes it OK. 9TL n 80. 9CEM works for the fire he station there is not going yet. { from his radio store job. 9CJJ is strong. 9BYI was waiting for ». Hope he was good. 9CEY is ng for an ORS. 9AFA is using SEF and 9DIJ are working on IBSK is on 20 meters and works does his usual DX. 9AXO is hav- bles, can’t even hear NKF. 9AIN )ABW is on 40 now, 9AYO has a ng. S9DPJ has been in the east ntrolled station was operated by going strong on 80. 9EGE says traffic in day time but ND at 2 new voltage feed Hertz up for eports better DX than formerly. between 6 and 8 p.m. for traffic ngaged grinding crystals for the uys he is using 2 fifty watters. ingle wire antenna and 40 meters. local QRM by setting his motor nner tube. S9CBT is operating RV gets the best DC out of AC nd with very little filter. 9DSC r with his 40 meter set. 9APG t of safety razor blades, wire like a real one, tho. AYO 51, 9BJR 51, 9CNC 39, DPJ 15, 9DHJ 19, 9AEB 19, 14, 9BCM 14, 9EGE 14, 9DDZ SBBJ 28, 9BYI 18, 9DHM 16, DUZ 138, 9BSK 10, 9ABP 8, 9AUX IDIJ 2, 9BK 2, 9AXO 3, 9APG 7, 9CBT 25, 9ACR 26, 9ALH 5, CLO 1, 9CYQ 33. M. Cc. E. Darr, 8ZZ—8DCW is n very low power. Ex8APM was | says his station 7GW is doing O from Sydney was a recent visitor SAUB is still pepping up the h He is some go-getter and hot cut 8JG’s antenna twice in a » a roof now so they can’t get SAMS had bad luck with his and zero weather keeps it on s heavy snow and ice and weath- radio goes along FB. 8CEP » shape after trying to knock a M. C. R. R. freight engine off the track with his flivver. SDED says schedules are the only thing for traffic. His report shows it. 8CCM says 76 volts of B batts will make his station talk from now on. 8CQG works Chicago schedules regularly and says they are FB. 8CWK has joined the BPL, owing to a new crystal-controlled set. 8ZZ has his crystal- controlled transmitter working on 41.7 meters. 8CEP is supplying local papers with ham news, which they print willingly. 8DIV is on regularly early evenings—a new antenna of cage type keeps him doing biz. 9EAY has lots of time for skeds—there’s your chance to make one with him, fellows. 8BOK wants schedules. Michigan is making greater strides and we hope to do better as the old interest is being revived. C U at Michigan State ARRL Conventior at Detroit!! Traffic : S8BOK 16, 8CEP 130, 8ACU 10, 8DIV 8DED 171, 8CWK 126, 8CQG 56, 8DAG 18, 8CCM 22 8KN 18, 8DCW 1, 8SX 40, 8JG 1, 8AUB 108, 8ZZ 21, 9EAY 31, 9ANT 4, 9CE 12. DAKOTA DIVISION OUTHERN MINNESOTA—SCM, C. F. Cottam, 9BYA—9GI—DCJ walks off with traffic honors this month by being on 12 hours a day and wanting schedules. 9CAJ, the R-M, sleeps very little and “ops” a lot. 9EFK was QSO ef-8IX with a 203-A and got an R6 report. 9CBE, a new ORS keeps 3 skeds. 9DBC, another new ORS, keeps 2 skeds while rebuilding. 9DGE levaes for Sioux Falls on work but will be at the key at 9DKL while there 9AIR has been sick, copied long waves while in bed so is pretty speedy now. 9DEQ has bad power QRN 9GH is on 20 meters every Sunday 9DMA is home from the “U” and using a UX-210. 9COS says he has to keep ice thawed off his insulators with a blow torch. 9BKX is rebuilt and the rectifier prob- lem solved and with two ops, expect real results soon. 9BDW is rebuilding but with a fiver he was QSO ef-8IX and Australia several times. 9CPM is still on with low power. 9BHZ reports a new ham 9DHP fell off his chair and nearly wrecked his re- ceiver when “HIK” in Haiti answered him. 9AXB with a 204-A and a mercury arc rectifier consistently works England, South Africa, New Zealand and Aus- tralia with no report less than R-5. 9DGM just in- stalled a WE 250 watter and a mercury arc. The gang is on 20 meters every Saturday and Sunday in this Section. Traffic: 9GI-DCJ 204, 9CAJ 133, 9EFK 69, 9DBC 56, 9BYA 39, 9CBE 37, 9DBW 35, 9DZA 30, 9CPM 28, 9BHZ 12, 9BHB 9, 9DHP 8, 9DGE 7, 9AIR 4, 9DEQ 3, 9GH 3, 9DMA 2. NORTHERN MINNESOTA—SCM, C. L. Barker, 9EGU—Activities in the Northern Section are pro- gressing nicely. New certificates are being issued to all previous ORS that are in good standing, and new appointments are being made. 9EBC is back on the air again on the 80-meter band. 9BMX is still waiting for crystal. 9KV_ is very active. 9CKI is spending his Xmas money for a 50-watter and reports the organization of a very promising radio club in Duluth. 9CPO is doing some 5-meter experimenting, and has just got going again after buying a new home. 9EHO is on 40 and 80 meters. 9EEP complains of irregularity in his work, hence some irregularity in his operating schedules 9CWA keeps 4 regular schedules. 9BVH has another good crystal now and has done some fine work on crystal control with a very small antenna. 9DKR has changed to a single wire antenna and counterpoise and works much better. 9MF has installed a zeppelin antenna. 9CTW, in line for an ORS, is on 20, 40 and 80 meters. He gets some surprising results using an indoor antenna and counterpoise on the 20-meter band. 9BMR thinks he will have to overhaul his out- fit. 9QT has three operators and keeps five regular schedules. 9EGU still has regular schedules and hopes to be on the air with crystal control soon. 9EIX has a new antenna 350 feet long and 110 feet high at the far end. Traffic: 9EGU 96. 9CWA 72. 9BMR 31, 9DKR 28, 9MF 24, 9KV 24, 9EHO 23, 9CKI 18, 9EIX 17, 9CTW 15, 9ADF 10, 9EEP 8, 9CUM 6. SOUTH DAKOTA—SCM, F. J. Beck, 9BDW Activities throughout the state have been very gratify- ing, but we wish to urge more of the stations to work on 80 meters as that wave is very much the best to handle traffic on and it is possible to work local sta- tions better than on any other wave. 9DWWN hit the high mark as usual and is on the lookout for more QST FOR FEBRUARY, 1927

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stations willing to make schedules. 9AGL’s crystal transmitter is going fine and he reports 80 meters fine for traffic. 9ALN did some nice DX working PI easily and his usual traffic. 9NM is offering a prize the high traffic man in the state for the months of jan., Feb. and Mar. 9DGR made the BPL with raw ». on the plate. 9DIY is working at a broadcast- g¢ station but finds time to pound brass. 9DQV is a w station on in Sioux Falls. 9BBF at last reports has the crystal transmitter perking FB. 9DBZ was forced to postpone the state convention due to ack of time but it will b held as soon as possible. Tl is going FB with his fone set early in the evening and on ¢c.w. on shorter waves later. 9BNV has ap- ed for ORS and works on 41 meters. 9CZG is orking on his rectifier. 9AZR reports good work it seems ty be hard on tubes. 9BKB is getting a ew tube for his set. 9DB-BDW has a nice break-in outfit. 9DWN, the R-M, reports that the state needs more stations on the 80-meter band. Traffic: 9DWN 220, 9DGR 124, 9AGL 37, 9DB 23, 9ALN 21, 9TI 10, 9DIY 4. NORTH DAKOTA—SCM, G. R. Moir, 9EFN—The SCM has sent his wife to the country and is ready to rk DX all hours of the night. 9DYV is trying to t a Zeppelin aerial going. He is still on 40 meters 9DM has no power yet. 9BVF blew his H tube but seems to get out just as good with a 201-A tube 9DKQ informs us that he is an early AM pounder as QSO both coasts after midnight. 9CRB is busy in the electric business now. He reports a prospect coming up in Casselton under ex-9DXU, and one in Hunter Traffic: 9DKQ 19, 9BVF 50, 9EFN 39, 9CRB 3. DELTA DIVISION ¥ OUISIANA—SCM, C. A. Freitag, 5UK—During the past month, 5ANC and 5AT were appointed ORS. 5ANC has also been appointed OBS New licenses have been issued in Shreveport to 5KZ and 6KH. The Caddo Radio Club of that city ex- pects to have its transmitter going very soon. 5EB, Oakdale, La., reports the following DX for the past month: Brazil, Chile, South Africa, Australia, Phil- ippines and Java. He says eiPK1 reports his qra as Degroot Rongga Tjimahi, JAVA! 5UK now has two transmitters in operation; one in the 40-meter band and the other in the 80-meter band. Traffic: 5ANC 85, 5EB 14, 5UK 30. MISSISSIPPI—SCM, J. W. Gullett, 5AKP—Ap- plications for ORS have been received from 5ANP, 5AUB and 5QQ. 5AGS has two H tubes which won't work together in a self-rectifying circuit so he is going to install a rectifier and use one H tube. 5FQ works the west coast consistently but doesn’t seem » get hold of any messages. 5AKP wants messasges going into New England States as he works the first and second districts every night regularly. He has a YL brass pounder at his station and also a YM who will take an active part in the operation of the old tation before many years. 5AUB has a 50-watter on the air regularly at Tupelo. 5QQ is on 80 meters at night and 40 meters the daytime. 5API has a schedule with 2DY nightly and is a good traffic-handler too. 5ANP is till representing the Gulf coast and is on regularly handling messages on the 80-meter band. Traffic: 5AKP 72, 56ANP 38, 5API 26, 5QQ 18, 5AQU 12, 5AGS 2 TENNESSEE—SCM, L. K. Rush, 4KM—What few ORS there are in Tennessee better get busy. There s still more room for ACTIVE STATIONS to become ORS. 4HL has been out of town and sent in a late re- port. 4CU has his transmitter in the house since he has been confined with a broken leg. 4FD reports traffic on 80 meters from 1MK and Canada is his best DX. iFI and 4LX have been appointed ORS. 4EE is working a few with his 250 when not busy with school. ‘FP is off the air and is at U. of Tenn. 4MM has iropped radio for the present due to sickness in the family. 4KM has solved the plate supply problem in the form of a 2000 volt. 1% Kw. Esco. 4KN is second yperator at 4KM. 4BU has moved to a new location and going again with that 250. 4FL is heard quite ten. Traffic: 4FA 12, 4HL 11, 4FD 11, 4KM 6. ARKANSAS—SCM, W. L. Clippard, Jr., 5AIP—Ac- tivities have been rather lax the past month but we have a bright outlook for the future. Lend a hand, OM. and let’s put Arkansas on the map. 5AFR is busy converting BCL’s. He suggests a hamfest. How about it. OMs? 5ABI moved from QST FOR FEBRUARY, 1927 Conway to Little Rock and is working FB. 5ABD, 5AQN and 5AIP are rebuilding. 5ZAA uses a 50 on 180 and wants schedules. 5HN is on 40 with a 50. 5ANB and 5AW report QRM from duck hunt- ing. Hi! 5QH moved to Shreveport, La. and is now 5HF. Sorry to lose you, OM. 5PX contrived some new plug-in coils. FB., OM. 5ER has QRM from YLs. How about it OM? Hi! Traffic: 5ABI 16, 5ZAA 6, 5HN 6, 5AIP 4. HUDSON DIVISION JEW YORK CITY & LONG ISLAND—SCM, F. l H. Mardon, 2CWR—Things are starting to brighten up considerably around this part of the Division. Nearly all the old holders of ORS appointments have been given new ones. They have been told what is expected of them and what to expect if they didn’t make the grade under the new SCM and this is no Hi Hi either. The Interborough traffic route is starting to take on the appearance of a real thing and although only a few stations have offered their services, the traffic is being car- ried on within the Section with wonderful results. More stations are needed in this work at once, and as soon as the 5 route managers get a schedule whipped into shape, full details will appear in this column. 2ANX is now RM for Manhattan, 2EV being forced to resign on account of work with the which is keeping him busy night and SCM feels very proud of the gang this congratulates you all. Keep it up. Brooklyn: 2WC is using two crystals an can QSY any of 4 waves in 30 seconds. 2CR has finally become a WAC—nobody left to work but Mars now. 2PF is doing wonderful work with Army- Amateur net, handling oodles of traffic at 30 per. 2AVR is now an ORS and says he will work twice as hard as he used to. 2CTY is coming along fine. 2APD, another A-A station, is doing fine work. Our congratulations to 2BO on the arrival of a new OW who he says will be ready for the season of 1948. FB. 2CLA handled over 2000 words of press with 8AJL, 8CWK and 8ZZ. 2AUL has his set going on 40 and works fives and nines but gets no DX. 2WH is manager at WSA now so doesn’t get on much. Manhattan: 2ALS has just built a new low-loss 50 W. set that’s a knockout. 2BNL says he’s alive. 2BCB tells us that 2TC is still in Czechoslovakia logging U.S. hams. BCB is a new ORS. x is a live wire—get behind him, gang. 2KR is now using kenotrons for rect. getting out FB. 2CHK, portable 2DM, is getting out FB. He is going to Calif. so watch for him there. 2AFV has two new UX-210s to push traffic. He is trying to get Rich- mond going on the Interborough routes. 2AKR is after schedules so get in touch with him. 2CEP is trying the 20-meter band but says he can’t raise anyone but will keep trying. 2AKK is going good and helping to keep Richmond on the map. Long Island: 2AWQ has a hard time hearing any DX in his location between three and midnight. He wants to know if anyone else around him is having the same trouble. 2ABF turned in his usual large report. 2AWX another live wire, sure keeps traffic moving. 2AYJ blew his 203 and can’t seem to get his new WE 50 to work right but when he does, MARS stand by. 2AUE just put in a new 50 and a Hertz and expects to get going with a bang soon. Say, locals, answer 2KX when he calls He has traffic for you and complains he can’t raise you. We sincerely hope by this time that his wife, who was sick, is considerably better. 2AVB is try- ing to get L. I. lined up. 2AAS is doing fine— worked a 6 at 8.30 a.m. EST. 2BSL is also doing fine work. 2AJE is keeping things moving. He reports that 2AQS has moved to Calif. and is mow 6BPM. 2AIZ manages to get on the air in the few days he was home from sea. 2GY is keeping ex- perimental schedules with KGBB. Bronx: 2BBX’s aerial came down but he got it up again and after quite a job returning it, it gets out again the same as ever. 2CYX keeps things moving with 4 ops. 2AWU, a new station to re- port, certainly made a fine one. 2ALL and 2ALP have been very busy at school lately but manage to get quite a bunch thru each month. 2APV’s mast came down but it’s up again now and the familiar sigs will soon be going forward around the world as usual. Cancellations of ORS for failure to re port and non-membership in the League are as fol- lows: 2AOF, 2FK, 2KW, 2ADC, 2ABR, 2KU, 2UD, 2AEP. All other known ORS under the old regime Ix Edison Co. day. The month and

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panic the nurmt im f works five w off d possession the new certificate. ates are now VOID. attan: 2CHK 16, 2KR 23, 2EV 4, B 188, 2BNL 2, 2ALS 26. Bronx: L 14, 2ALP 66, 2AWU. 160, 2CYX Brooklyn: 2BO 97, 2APD 457, 21, 2PF 49, 2CRB 7, 2WC 72, 2CLA 2WH 3% Leong Island: 2AIZ 7, 19, 2AAS 20, 2AVB 135, 2KX 7, ‘0, 2AWX 126, 2ABF 287, 2AWQ 2AKK 24, 2CEP 16, 2AKR 136, W YORK—SCM, Earle Peacox, 2ADH reasons, the SCM has not been able r attention to the Section during the What time was available for ham- spent on the air for a change results. Hi. 2QU has been ap- Route Mgr. 2ADH couldn't help they just snowed him under. 2AML t consistent, but YLs must be aqua when he has to go to Ossining is the champ for making hand- rd 2LA is poking around on 40 CYM should get a rubber stamp He makes all the wheels go round nd is the fire dept. besides. 2PV to be having a rebuilding contest. ahead, but 2ANV leads in an- ACX had their 20 meter antenna they don’t know whose half it n N. Y¥. to the ARRL meeting and red. 2CNS's second op drew 4U0 he went south to Georgia. The DD for a row of ’em. He still whenever he gets a chance. 2AGM for himself. 2UF was unable to ft. poles due to sickness, according 2AHJ and 2ABY are new ones. from the Atlantic Div. 8WU is with a 2nd dist. station. The blossomed forth with a whole 2CUZ is back with us again em cold on 40. 2CTF is getting ever on 40. 2AAN is punching odes. 2CBG makes "em step to keep AG is ruining good receivers on 80 lop. 2AUB is coming along. 2AAZ nd the brass and found his tubes W is QRW building BCL sets to new fifty. 2AAC is on again with tion and seems to be the same old 140, 2ADH 125, 2AML 115, 2ASE 73, M 16, 2PV 15, 2ANV 14, 2AAN 13, F 11, 2CNS 9, 2DD 7, 2AGM 6. 8, 2AAC 35. NEW JERSEY—SCM, A. G. Wester, ) reports 20 very FB. 2ADL accom- short wave receiver has been visiting Washington. 2ANB handled a good s messages. 2CW is using baking soda emical rectifier. 2FG with a Hertz 2BLM blew a fifty and now uses a DX too QRW for radio work. 2ADU exams. 2CQZ is installing a mer- r for his 80-180 meter fone. 2QI is ghtly schedules with 9ATQ and 9BJY. the sick list but is now recuperating. state is the only amateur in Sussex perates with fone on 80 and 180 meters. ting a new mast for 80 meter work. amateur in Jersey City which is pre-war ick Heights is active with 21S, 2AVL » keep things humming. 2ARC reports «. 2LAM has been off due to no A blew a 50 and now is using 10 watts. eading traffic handler in this district. wing tubes and condensers is back on promises to be the best station in Jersey VR very QRW installing a real trans- to be remote controlled for 40 meters. Q 18, 2ADL 14, 2JC 2, 2ANB 23, 2CQZ LM 12, 2DX 5, 2QI 15, 2CP 11, 2AC 10, 2EY 3, 2ARC 34, 2ALM 36, 2CGK 4 7, 2DY 101. MIDWEST DIVISION A. W. Kruse, 9BKV—Traffic totals IG jump this month and all the ORS h a bunch of newcomers reported on 80-meter stations still hold the handling, handling over 65% of the traffic, 40-meter stations having 30% and tt! rest between the other two bands. 9CZC, the RM. is doing excellent work in lining up routes and schedules. Be sure and write him if interested handling traffic on schedule. 9CZC is the star traffic man this month and sa he beat the local RR agent. Looks like he bea the SCM, too. Hi. 9BKV has a bunch of schedules and promises to give the RM some competi tion next month. 9BWN had trouble with th BCLs but he made the BPL for the third consecu- tive time. FB. 9EJQ, a newcomer, hit the BPL for a goal, and gets fine reports on 20 using a zeppelin antenna. 9DAU reports a good total ar says four-way break-in is the berries. 9AED ha an awful wallop and led a fine bunch of traffic i: addition to operating KMA. 9DEA is doing fin work and has 15 watts going on 80. 9DRA is going good on 40 and has changed from 7.5 to 15 watts 9BPF was home on Xmas vacation and had the old set going full blast. 9CGY had office QRM and his traffic total suffered. 9DLR and 9EHN pound away on 40 and 80 and are new ORS. 9EGS was QRW installing Xmas radios so not much traffic. 9EF handled a few on 20. (Why not try 80, OM” 9CS has no plate supply for his 50 and says he has nothing else to feed it. 9DSL, 9AMG and 9BLH are still with us, but not much traffic. 9LC is th new Official Observer, so watch your QRH, fellows Traffic: 9CZC 314, 9BKV 284, 9BWN 131, 9EJQ 107, 9DAU 92, 9AED 76, 9DEA 75, 9DRA 35, SBP! 82, 9DLR 31, 9CGY 30, 9EHN 17, 9EGS 15, 9EFS 11, 9CS 10, 9DSL 8, 9AMG 9, 9BLH 6. NEBRASKA—SCM, C. B. Diehl, 9BYG—9DXY has heavier traffic than ever. 9AL is busy with Army work. 9EEW is working hard on his railroad 9DFR reports QRM from YL. 9EHW is after traffi 9BYG is still QRX. 9ASD works overtime on Arn work. 9BOQ is hunting for work. 9DUO is busy at KOIL and 9DTZ. 9CJT is rebuilding for higher power. 9DUH sings because there’s not more traffic 9BBS is rebuilding for better efficiency. 9AGD has found his pace and is making things “fly.” 9BQR is very QRW in the Post Office at this time of year S9EBL is going strong as usual. Route Manager’s report: Traffic is moving very nicely, not enough schedules to supply wants of t! gang, every scheduled offered snapped up quick and everything working as fine as can be expected at this time on account of the holidays. Observer's report: No violations reported thi month in this Section and very few in adjoining 8SCNJ, CONNEADT, OHIO, SAWS WOOD AND HAMMERS NAILS WHEN NOT = \ HAMMERING THE KEY Sections. For this the SCM is very highly pleased and also very chesty. Hi! 9BGK and 9DI have applied for an ORS. W: congratulate these boys as in doing this, they dis- play their great knowledge and also their true ham spirit. 9BXT writes-that it is impossible for him to retain his ORS appointment as he is very bus) at school. The SCM sent out a circular letter to all ORS stating change in his address, as he has purchased a new house and intends to be there for some time The new QRA is 56(€5 Cedar St., Omaha. Quinby : sure hitting an awful pace and handling lots of QST FOR FEBRUARY,

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traffic, this a result of schedules, so take due notice and do likewise. Fetterman is working hard at his Army work and will make a name for himself yet. Cox says too much business on the road at this time of year and can’t devote as much time to his PR” as would like to. Henry has a lot of QRM the way of YL. Crozier cusses because not more iffic comes his way. Williams is sure fanning the Army work and has many hours overtime chalked 1 Magnuson wants schedules North and West. Shirk can't find time to work at home. Jones again ays not enough traffic and schedules to keep him busy. Larimore has a new plate transformer and will knock things winding when he gets rebuilt. Stillinger handled 145 in 14 days. Chesley was tied up at the Post Office with Xmas mail. Slim again cusses the skip distances. He says he can’t work loser than 500 miles. WJK of WOW is planning be with us soon. Traffic: 9DXY 374, 9AL 36, 9CJT 3, 9EEW 42, 9AWS 5, 9DFR 12, 9EHW 20, 9ASD 76, 9BOQ 21, 9DPS 5, 9DEC 10, 9DUH 25, 9AGD 145, 9EBL 169. MISSOURI—SCM, L. B. Laizure, 9RR—9DOE led in traffic in St. Louis by one message. 9ZK-AAU handled the next highest score. 9DOE kept a sked every week day with 9EK. 9BWD is a new station. 9ZK boasts a new shack with all the comforts of home, including a bunk for visitors, and is keeping the foreigners busy writing QSL cards. 9DUD kept a Sunday sked with 8DED. The OBP met at his place but could not do much thru QRM from 9AOT and 9ZK. 9DLB was not on much this month on account of building a sink. SBHI was out of town last month and missed reporting, but reports this time that he is handling a fair total and working some DX. 9DVF was going to make this a banner month in traffic but did not calculate on being sick. 9BSH re- ports not much station activity but several meetings f the gang were held. 9BWR operated at school by 9AJW and 9UI was not on as much as usual account of school QRM and a blown 50. 9CXU sent his November report too late to get in with state re- port and is now QRT as antenna fell down in last storm. 9ARA reports several msgs. and a long string of DX. 9ARA is quitting ham radio for school and the set is for sale. A new station is in prospect in Marceline, Mo., operated by N. R. DeYoung of that place, call not known yet. 9DAE finally got going with a 210. 9BSE kept sched with 9DSR. 9BUE worked on high waves and kept sked with ES and 9COP. SAYK kept several skeds, but is quitting ham radio for Bux school. 9CRM got disgusted with the set when it would not radiate. 9DAE succeeds 9AYK as an OBS. 9CDF is still QRT going to Western Union school. 9AEO requests inactive status for 3 months on ac- count of school. 9DKG kept skeds 5 times a week with 5ANP but school QRM bad. 9BOE is a new ham in Columbia. 9DIX handled a few msgs. and reports 9EBV failed to come home for Xmas from 9EK, and 5GG, who was 2nd op at 9DIX, had to leave for home, consequently DX had to do all the brasspounding alone. 9DMT reports a fair month in traffic. 9CBC is a new station using B battery supply on 180 meters. 9ACX went back to 80 meters for some traffic handling. 9ADR is still on 40 and 20. 9ACA built QST FOR FEBRUARY, 1927 a new receiver that looks like a Swedish cash register but works. 9DAQ is on at times. 9BSB is building a new set. 9RR kept scheds with 9DXY when condi- tions permitted. 9ZD is off mostly but has a low power set on 40 and 20. 9KM got a new call for his station on the Missouri side of the state line and drew 9LM. 9BKK and 9BJC returned for a few days at home away from commercial operating. BKK took parts for a ham set back with him and wil! be heard soon. Traffic: 9DOE 134, 9ZK 133, 9DUD 52, 9DLB 2, 9BHI 42, 9DVF 11, 9BWR 10, 9CXU 13, 9ARA 13, 9DMT 31, 9DIX 16, 9DAE 108, 9DKG 28, 9BOE 10, 9AYK 4, 9BUE 11, 9BSE 5, 9ACX 15, 9RR 107. KANSAS—SCM, F. S. McKeever, 9DNG—The new R-M, 9BGX, is doing his best to organize the Kansas stations; let’s all help him, gang, and things will go over with a bang. The 250 watter at 9CET is still doing its stuff; his offiical broadcasts are heard regularly everywhere. 9AEK is QRW school and 2ND 1S A BAKER + HE BAKES GAKED Go00s Att DAY AND BAKES HIS TusEs AT NIGHT4 work so is not on so much. 9CV has his mercury are rectifier working fine. 9BHR is settled in a new location and reports 20 meters as good as 40. 9DEP is a newcomer in Lawrence who shows promises for the future. 9LN and 9CLR were reported in Eng- land; the former works Africa and Australia, the latter blew his 50 watter after being QSO Italy and Brazil. 9COR is bothered by bad QRM but is on some. 9BYQ keeps a bunch of skeds and turned in a fine total. 9DNG is very QRW but worked some DX and handled a bunch of Xmas messages. He and 9CET spend their idle time trying to make their synes work. 9CKV finds the 80 meter band best for traffic. 9AVM makes use of all the bands with good results. 9DFK is on regularly and is doing good work. Traffic: 9DNG 78, 9CET 31, 9AEK 3, 9LN 19, 9CV 14 hwy 4, 9COR 4, 9CLR 3, 9CKV 42, SBYQ 22, SAVM 4, NEW ENGLAND DIVISION HODE ISLAND—SCM, D. B. Fancher, 1BVB— Providence: 1CKB recently phoned a méssage to a party that originated in Brazil. It took the message one day to reach its destination. That’s what we call good delivery. 1MO is a new station that will soon be an ORS and has been getting things ready for a big season. 1AMU is a new ORS and has been doing good DX. 1AWE is still QSO the world. I1AID says that Santa surprised her with a new charger and a pair of Baldwin phones. She has been on the sick list for the past two weeks but is at it again. Things are about the same with 1AEI. 1EI is another new ORS. Westerly: 1AAP broke his last month’s record this time. Cliff worked overtime to land that Trophy but ND. Think he deserves special mention, tho. 1BVB went over last month’s report, also. It was due to the holidays and a lot of traffic was originated from local parties sending Christmas greetings. IBLW is on the sick list and probably will be for some time to come. 1ANX is preparing to open up again after a long absence. He has acquired a new OW and we have a faint suspicion that was the reason for the absence. Newport: 1BQD is still the only active station here and is getting out well. Unavoidable circum- stances kept him off the air part of the month so not as much traffic was moved as was expected. Traffic: 1AAP 1018, 1BVB 396, 1BLW 310, 1AID 187, Te. 35, 1AWE 17, 1AMU 14, 1AEI 7, 1EI 7, 1CKB xI

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SCM, R. S. Briggs, 1BVL— RS made the BPL. Fine work, ou have already applied for cer- ninly deserve them. 1YS _ leads the 300 mark. 1BMS plans but his report didn’t show it. vith LAID, 1BMG, 1AAP and 2 vertical antenna but returned lL. Xmas sets have been keeping ADL has been very active. He ng a Zeppelin antenna. 1DI, BYV, 1YS and 1GP have ap- tments. 1ABA is stepping out 1JL says traffic and DX are KY = motoring to Philadelphia. ous UX-210 dead at last but h mS aha a pile of traffic. We hat 1CIT is quitting the ORS W at college. INV is on 20 meters n 40 meters. IBKV has been XM has been active handling nd broadcasting Standard Fre- JR, 9BNO, 1AUV, 1PP, 1KV, and 1BVL are some of the ops t to make the “Wackers” club, 1GA and 1AXA are still with their Xtal control sets. 9 is still doing its stuff be- west coast with it. IUE says 2 radio vacation. 1CJR handled a vacation. 1SL is installing a 1ADM says he hooked up with 20 meters. 10N is having transformers. 1AWB is busy 1YS and 1AWB. 1LM reports ywell. Things have been lively the way says he lives in the na came down and his 110-volt 1UE 270, INK 266, 1BMS 235, ADL 156, IBYV 133, 1BKV 130, 1XM 117, 1AYX 81, 1GP 7%, 1AWB 40, 1APK 36, IBVL 33, ISL 29, 1ABA 21, 10N 19, INV 1AVY 7, 10U 6, 1PB 5, 1AXA Best, 1BIG—Maine has eight this time: 1BFZ, 1AIT, 1EB, AQL, 1FP and 1BIG. 1BFZ is still iblesome power leak, but he knows ich difficulties, as his total proves. west but he carried on suc- V-201-A. 1EB has been trying ok at his qualifving total. IATV tmas business QRM but carried 1HB uses a bug to advantage in AQL lived up to his promise and BPL. 1FP did the same steady anded up with the leaders once ip twice during the month with his pet schdeule with 1BMS. Thanksgiving day and hopes to before many moons. 1COM of traffic during vacation and ne report. 1QY is now all settled vcation and bids fair to burn up remainder of the winter. 1CFO report of activities in So. Portland. ted at Biddeford and has more : formerly. 1KL has been ex- rystal control. ILAYJ has had I UX-210 tubes and by now, be perking on both 40 and 80 arted up and plans on handling and then. 134, 1BFZ $23, 1AIT 288, 1EB 223, 1AQL 141, 1FP 104, 1ADI 29, 1QY 13, IBNL 10, 1CFO 8. HIRE—SCM, V. W. Hodge, 1ATJ— » high man this month. He has ne stations. 1A0OQ has finally at will work and turned in a fine w ORS, handled the first Army The BCL business is keeping mn more. 1AVL says he is going r bust. Hi. 1CKK pounded out while home from college. Dr. and 1BMK-1XP, is on 20, 40 working en-OPL. I1AIP and vers and sent in fine reports. a total of 2220 msgs this month which is very FB. About half of the stations are on 40 and report traffic picking up. Please send in more news with your report. Get QSO 10C- 1BFT for schedules. Traffic: 10C 780, 1ATJ 649, 1AOQ 222, LAVL 150, 11P 107, 1AER 94, 1ANS 83, 1AIP 76, 1XP 22 1JN 20, 1CKK 7. WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS—SC¢M, A. H. Carr 1DB—l1AAC has got his new 50 and equipment fron Santa Claus so watch the smoke from Chicopee Fa! LAAL, our RM, has worked out a fine net for Western Mass. and traffic ought to move lively with lots of it. 1AJM gets a score of 230 messages and clinches BPL again and top of Western Mass. 1AMS has a new KFUH transmitter. 1AMZ was on again for Christ- mas vacation and handled almost enough messages to make the BPL. 1AOF, an OBS, is on phone on 85 meters with 500 watts, each Thurs. night at 7.00 p.m. 1BOM, who has been on the sick list for nearly 2 months, was QSO Aussie with 201-A and 500 volts B batteries. IBNW is going on the air soon with a crystal control. 1IARE has started off again and is keeping some schedules. 1ASU says he will transmit on 20 meters Sundays starting Jan. 2. LAWW has his new mast up and is perking out fine. 1IBAL is off temporarily. IBVR worked 6ER at Sacramento, Calif., when he came home for his vacation and is al)! pepped up over it. 1BSJ is rebuilding his station and will not be on the air for three months. 1PY has been QSO Brazil and Australia. 1VC is on 20 meters all day Sundays. 1XZ is on the air but not handling much traffic. 1UM has been QSO Italy. 1 VZ has had a schedule with England. 1LC is using a new “sink” rectifier. 1AZD is sure doing FB for our new ORS. He worked 9ZE on board the S.S. West Chair- wood. Traffic: 1AAC 6, 1AAL 106, 1AJK 25, 1AJM 230, 1AMZ 86, 1AOF 14, 1ARE 16, 1ASU 30, . [AZW 22, 1EO 13, 1DB 41, 1PY 2, 1VC 11, 1UM 10, 1AZD 47. OCCUPATION NY 9735246 SWI DOWN IN DOTHAN, ALABAMA, ON HIS SAX PLAYS SONGS LIKE “RED HOT MAMMA” VERMONT—SCM, C. T. Kerr, 1AJG—The SCM is now on the air on 38 meters. 1IT and 1TJ are on the air and sure pounding the traffic. 1BJP moved but is going again. 1YD gets the star thi month for handling the most messages. Keep it up! 1FN and 1ATZ are passing them along in fine shape. 1BEB is second high man in traffic totals 1IBBJ says that his 5 watter wouldn't take 1,000 volts. 1AC lost his YL so will be on soon. I1BIQ has been operating at 1YD. He turned the mes sage report in. Traffic : 1AJG 10, 1BBJ 1, 1BEB 28, 1FN 1YD 79. Connecti SCM, H. E. Nichols, 1BM—Our report this month very decidedly shows that consistent schedules and real honest endeavor has given us the banner total. This is the highest we have ever reached and it is due to the spirited interest that has been shown that we have been able to accom- plish it. The SCM extends heartiest of thanks t& all with the best of wishes for continued success in the coming year. 1BMG and 1MK, two of our newest ORS, have set the record for us to try and maintain. Schedule operating was their secret and deserves imitation 1BHM, R-M, reports that his section is fairly active and that he hopes to get his stations working schedules more regularly. 1MY says that 20 meters is great stuff. He is working the Coast at noon and is QSO Australia quite regularly. 1BEZ has QST FOR FEBRUARY, 1927 _-_ goa tc = 3 oD weve

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wen reaching out to Africa and Australia and says would rather have traffic if he could find it. icJX has been doing some very notable traffic- handling with a fiver. 1AOX reports the sad news that his fifty has gone west. He was appointed an OBS and will soon be sending out the broadcasts. 1AOS reports his delight at working the old home et during his short vacation for the Holidays. Sure rlad to hear from you, OM. 1VY has been struggling to get his crystal control set going and has been the victim of much joking, but he says he is smiling now when the fellows like his beautiful flute-like note. BOA, 1BMG and IKP are recently appointed ORS und we welcome them to our ranks. Traffic: 1BEZ 8, 1BHM 129, 1AOX 142, 1BQH 65, IBJK 10, 1MK 313, 1CTI 17, 1BMG 848, 1AOS 19, IBOA 6, 1CJX 68, 1ACO 7, 1BLF 21, 1MY 9, 1TD 1, iFD 2, 1BGC 6, 1ADW 19, 1AVX 2, 1HJ 6. NORTHWESTERN DIVISION LASKA—SCM, L. H. Machin, 7FD—Alex Soko- lof (7KK) Box 795, Juneau, Alaska, is on the air anxious to work on schedule with Pacific Coast stations at 9 p.m. P.S.T., the wave length to be lower than 80 meters—traffic for each schedule guaranteed! 7BB, 7AM and TIF are reported as excellent steady sigs from the States. MONTANA—SCM, A. R. Willson, TNT—7AAT is putting his town on the map. 7PU keeps up his usual good work and went over the hundred mark this month. He keeps six schedules. 7DD put thru msgs in spite of unfavorable conditions. It's hard for anyone out of Butte to realize the tough time he has. 7AAW is climbing right up and will get his ORS this month. 7FL handled some traffic from College at Bozeman. 7ZU is back on the air after quite a silence His college advanced work 4 WONDER IF 6DAM EVER SWEARS and teaching haven't left much time for DX, but he handled some traffic anyway. 7NT is back home for a while and is now re- modeling both his xmitter and receiver for the first time since the fall of 1923. : TAAT 111, 7PU 103, 7DD 79, 7TAAW 16, 7 8, TZU 7. IDAHO—SCM, H. H. Fletcher, 7ST—Going up! 7JF leads the state again. He kept 11 schedules. JF, 7Ya and 7ABB made the BPL. 7QC is kept busy at work. 7GW is on 80, but can work on 40. 7PJ is on regularly. TPS is busy selling BCL sets. 7ZN is not on a great deal. 7QA moved to Nampa and will work on 40 meters. T7ACN and 7ACK are new hams in Nampa. 7FB and 7QP are in Lewis- ton. 7TCW, TNW and 7ACR are new Boise fellows. 7CW is on with a fiver. T7UD sailed for the Orient. 7ABB is a new ORS. 7GX and 7EU are coming on the air soon. Miss 7SI announces her engage- 6AIC. Congratulations. 7JF 405, TYA 222, TABB 155, 7QC 59, 7ST 16, 7ZN 7, 7PJ 8. PACIFIC DIVISION ANTA CLARA VALLEY—SCM, F. J. Quement, 6NX—With 6AMM, 6BVY, 6AZS, 6CKV and 6BYH making the BPL this month, this Sec- tion had the mots successful month in its existence. 1324 messages were handled by 15 stations. 6AMM was the main contact station for the coast. 6BVY maintained his usual schedules with PI. 6AZS, a new ORS, started up with a bang which landed him in the BPL. 6CKV struggled thru heavy QRN (power leaks) to make the BPL. 6BYH, another new ORS, made the BPL. All these stations had schedules, without which this good work could not have been done. 6CLP just missed the BPL, but QST FOR FEBRUARY, 1927 will make it next month, according to present indi- cations. 6CSX, new president of SCCARA, handled his usual amount as did 6BMW, who is now using a pair of 50 watters as kenotrons to run his 250. 6DDN, with 32 watts input, started his first month as ORS by handling many messages and maintain- ing schedules. 6BTJ, 6BNH and 6CEI handled their usual amount of traffic and are on the air consist- ently. 6ACQ organized Radio Club now has 60 members, code classes. FB—SCM. 6CJD still QRW school work. 6CUL put in a 50 watter. 6BEU is new station that will soon be ORS. 6KG introduced a new super-het for the short waves and the fol- lowing are now using them as regular receivers: 6KG, 6NX, 6ARV, 6CDF, 6BMW—Ask 6KG for dope. Traffic: 6AMM 560, 6BVY 135, 6AZS 134, 6CKV 133, 6BYH 108, 6CLP 71, 6CSX 48, 6BMW 34, 6DDN 25, 6BTJ 21, 6ACQ 16, 6BNH 14, 6BON 12, 6CEI 9, 6BEU 4. EAST BAY SECTION—SCM, P. W. Dann, 6ZW —Well, fellows, by the time this report is printed. we will have started on another year, and the SCM for the East Bay Section will be in office. Please get behind him, gang, and help him put the Section at the top. Chief R-M. J. H. MacLafferty, Jr., 2901 Rawson St., Oakland, has charge of the East Bay Section (see Dec. 1926 QST for the counties which it in- cludes). He has appointed 6CCT as R-M for Oak- land. 6RJ uses two 201A tubes and 300 volts on the plate. 6CTG reports bad luck with an H tube, but is getting out fairly well now. 6BBJ has broken ground for a new station and keeps schedules with 7EO-7IF-9DTX and 9DKQ. 6CMG has worked all countries, so he says. 6CLZ, 6BER QRW with school examinations but will be back about the first handling traffic. Take a look at 6RJ’s total this month. FB, OM. Reports must be in my hands, fellows, by the 26th or 27th and no later. Reports received after that date will go in the following reports. Traffic : 6RJ 155, 6CMG 10, 6BBJ 9, 6BER 4, 6CTG 4. NEVADA—SCM, C. B. to 6ABM, the new R-M. Newcombe, 6UO—Hats off He has schedule with 1MK Tuesday and Thursday at 11 p.m. PST. 6GA has gone to St. Louis and reports at the altar for wedding vows. 6CRV made lots of noise until his generator burned out. 6UO spent Xmas assembling 2QA’s smitter. 6CDZ is doing good work and is in line for ORS. Traffic: 6ABM 154, 6U0 13. HAWAII—6AXW with 500 cycle batted his way into the BPL and then some. 6CFN managed to put out a few between circuits. 6BDL did fairly well with his new supply.—DC? 6CFQ with elec- trolytic is stepping out better than ever. 6CLJ did some traffic work when not QSO foreigners. 6KQ and his pair of 7% watters did ~ bit. 6DCU shoved a few along Wuring spare tim Traffic: 6AXW 217, 6CFN 61, 6BDL “36, 6CFQ 30, 6CLJ 17, 6KQ 9, 6DCU 65. PHILIPPINES—SCM, M. I. Felizardo, op-1AU— The SCM keeps regular schedules with 6BVY and 6BHR Mon., Wed. and Fri. 5.30-6.30 a.m. PST. At this writing, the Section Manager has just taken office so there is no regular section report for QST. All active amateur stations in the Philippines are requested to report to the SCM, whose address may be* found on page 3 of each QST. Please get behind duly-elected Section Manager to put our map. your own Section on the Traffic: 71. ARIZONA—SCM, D. B. Lamb, 6ANO—6BWS and 6BJF have installed rectifiers of 24 jars. 6DCQ has a fifty going now and has put it in oil and is kick- ing out FB. 6CDU is a new fellow with a 201A, 200 volts B. battery and everyone thinks he is c-c. 6ASA is at school, so finds littl time to pound brass. 6ANO is on regularly now with two new ops. 6BJI was having trouble in finding his wave. He thought he was on 40, but found that his wave was 18 meters and wondered why he couldn’t raise anyone on 40. Hi. 6AZM, at Miami, uses a 7% watter. 6CAP has a UX210 on the 40 meter band. 6CUW is fooling around with receivers. 6YB has a rectifier now that gives a pure DC tone. 6CBJ bought a 250, but soon sold it for more than he gave for it. Hi. 6AZV and 6AZU are both coming on soon. They have a radio shop in Tucson and have to please the BCLs as well as the hams. Hi. Traffic : 6BWS 84, 6CAP 6, 6YB 10, 6ANO 303, 6CBJ 7, 6CDU 14, 6CUW 10 XIII

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LES SECTION—SCM, L. E. Smith, ws, I told you that I was resign- Handy still has me on the job. intil you elect a new man who can me than IL. Santa Claus made us ig traffic total with ten stations in *, fellows, for the Xmas greetings. 6AJM leads with over 200 messages. vith a crystal control soon. 6BQ is with 150 messages and is San | Observer. Ask him for a wave BAS has a super het receiver and a 6CGC, the RM, has been doing ne meetings of the ORS, arranging 6DAU is on regularly with a 50 8 stations in the BPL. Fine work, up. 6ZBJ leads with over 300 _it with schedules and says that the same every night helps a lot. ond with 296 handled. 6BHI is 15 active days put 6CYH in the new ORS, made the BPL with a 6CCO of Rivera, also got into the BAD of Pasadena, is a consistent BBV has sold out to 6CYU and bids remember, once a ham, always a n 80 now with a VT2. 6VO hooked ght on this end. Commercial radio the go. 6AJI says he is about to tage of a ham’s life. Adios, OM, BUX does good DX but little traf- not YLs after all. Radio is his keeps a sched with 4TK. 6CTP is B. battery plate supply. 6BYZ uses and works everything. 6ANN says ld, it will freeze ice cream without MY is going in with a crystal 50 busy with KWTC. 6CLK handles » getting a little interested in YLs. *’ is working out on 20 meters. Angeles RM, has worked everything working hard. 6AKW is back on 6AM traveled most of the month. ire 6MA and 7MB. 6DAQ was on He is changing to 20 meters. Our m took down both of 6BHR’s poles. wy with his YL, but does fine DX 78 messages is all 6CSW says for ft! 6CT helped swell the Whittier ASV will be on soon. 6DAI, 6DAJ, NE are all pretty busy but keep on f the time. 6N keeps a sched with Mic has taken a big rise here and the be reached at the present rate. Fine works schedule with 6ANO and has His traffic total shows it. 6CCL od traffic and is looking for more KX 17, 6DAI 20, 6CT 40, 6CSW 78, 1, 6NW 16, 6BVN 72, 6CCL 45. », 6DAQ 40, 6BHR 15, 6AOY 10, ' 42, 6DDO 41, 6BYZ 46, 6ANN 70, X 6, 6RF 10, GOR 21, 6CTP 12 ) 18, 6BGC 26, 6CMQ 6, 6BAS 3, 23, 6ZBJ 331, 6BJX 3816, 6BHI 230. H by 6BQ 148, 6PV 147, 6GALZ 135. ‘> ISCcO—SCM, G. W. Lewis, 6EX— ar station again for this month. 6CIS, m Yosemite, is a live ORS and on the 6EX and 6VR have received per- rate a fome on the 40 meter band vome good DX. 6VR working sc-2AS ng nj-2PJ on voice. 6AWT promises on the air soon. 6AON blew the f radio for good. 6SZ will be on with the big 1KW transmitter. 6HJ spearing traffic with an auxiliary rs. GAWA, 6BIA, 6CCR and 6GW every night hunting for traffic. Be p.m. PST, traffic for San Fran. goes KW. 6EX and 6GW. During the 1G, 6PW and 6KW are on the job. 6CIS, 6CLS, 6CHE and 6PW take being a boiled owl, is on till 5 a.m. t p to handle his rock crusher. After nd 6DAW, the two High School sets, You can QSO San Fran. any hour 6ADM, 6AAT and 6BYS are the ms while 6BAF in Eureka exists Traffic: 6RW 109, 6PW 51, 6KW 50, 6VR 51, 6AXC 3, 6CIS 51, 6CCR 30, 6BAF 5, 6EX 16, 6HJ 54, 6GW 17. ROANOKE DIVISION IRGINIA—SCM. J. F. Wohlford, %CA—There are a lot of ORS that rate cancellation if the reports do not get in in better shape. There is absolutely no excuse for not reporting as the cards are sent you with the bulletins from Hartford; they bear stamps and all that is required is to simply write half a dozen words or so and then you are safe. Unless the reports are received, we can make no showing, regardless of how hard some of us work and how much time we spend on the game for your good. 3KU has schedules with 4AAM and handles con- siderable traffic. 3JT and 3II will be on shortly waiting for licenses now. 3BGS was too busy with the old job to do any work or handle any traffic, but he sends in a report regardless of other dutie 3KG operates the old set some, while 3BGS is a! work. %BZ comes out with an 80-meter transmitte: SCKL is working on his crystal set and expects to be on the air right away. 3BDZ and 3CA expect to get on with crystal] sets soon. Traffic: 8KU 77. WEST VIRGINIA—SCM, C. S. Hoffman, Jr. 8BSU—8WK is the Telegraphic Radio Club of Hunt- ington. 8SAMD is cancelled and is operating at 83WK 8BJB and 8AGI are new ORSs. 8AUL worked KDGL, S.S. Steel Ranger out of Balboa headed for the Orient. 8CDV is holding his own with PRR and AA. 8BJB is working on tuned grid and plat« set. S8AGI is getting all over the country with a new 50-watt set. 8BJG worked oa-2RX. 8AWV held a hamfest. 8BXP worked Germany with 250 volts on plate of a UX-112. 8CYR is playing with a mereury are rect. 8ACZ is on 40. WWVA, CV-6, THE CAMP CHARNOCK 100-WATT 500 CYCLE STATION AT CHARLESTON, W. VA 8AMD and 8CBR operated this outfit fer severa! weeks last summer with good results. Sgt. Marril! (8AMD) is at the key in the photograph. Wheeling broadcast station, belongs to 8ZW. Sev- eral stations failed to report, some of which have not reported for several months. Remembers, OMs. a report a month or.... SBNF was heard in England on a 7% watter 8VZ (ex8AYP) made a total this month. Traffic: 8VZ 481, 8AGI 111, 8BSU 10, 8ACZ 45 8CXP 2, 8SAWV 1, 8BJG 16, 8BJB 9, 9CDV 15 8AUL 138. NORTH CAROLINA—SCM, R. S. Morris, 4JR 4MI has discarded his crystal and is now using couple of 210s in an MO-PA circuit and gets out just as good as he did with the fifty watter. 4GW is using two 250 watters in an MO-PA circuit—watch your ears. 4RY has put in a 50 watter and is now working some DX. 4BX has been QRW radio business at the store but he hands in a little traffic even then. 4PR is using remote control and works lots of sixes but little traffic. 4TS has trouble with his S tubes. 4PP is getting out FB with a five watter and is trying to hedu 48SJ was going fine until some arrange sc les. kids stole his rectifier elements; now he is using a.c. 40H is going strong with a 210 and a.c. 4R! raised his antenna with improved results. 4JR is on daily with crystal control on 78 and 39 meters. Traffic: 4MI 102, 4JR 62, 4PP 31, 4RY 23, 4SJ 12 4TS 12, 4GW 12, 4BX 9, 40H 9, 4RI 2, 4PR 1. QST FOR FEBRUARY, 1927 mh a. Se. ee oe ae 4 ed

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ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISION OLORADO—SCM, C. R. Stedman, 9CAA—Den- C 9CAA has three schedules now and they are working fine as the traffic total shows. SEAM has a schedule with 5APG. 9CJY put up a new antenna, but says that he can’t raise NZ yet. 9QL is on 20 meters, but reports things rather slow there. 9CJP has been laid up with scarlet fever all month and is just getting out now. 9DSY had a schedule with a 5, but he says he can’t seem to get QSO. 9DWZ has a new aerial and says he is getting out 100% better. He is having trouble with a power leak at night, tho. 9CAW tried two tubes in parallel and says it’s the worst yet. His young brother gave him a rattle for Xmas with the result that it (the brother) went out the window. 9DED is on the air on 20 and 40 meters. 9DKM put up a new Hertz and says it works FB. 9CBH, is getting out well on 80 meters. 9EEA has been on in spite of being very QRW with business. 9DGJ sends in his first report. 9CDW says not much doing as he is very busy. Hi!! 9DVL had his bats and rectifier freeze up and he shot all his tubes. Hard luck, OM. 9AOI is on 40 and 80 and says he can work anything in the U. S. 9BYC says he is ashamed that he isn’t doing better traffic work, but he spends too much time ex- perimenting. Look at his total, tho. 9CDE is having a lot of QRM from wires rubbing against trees. Hi. 9ADI is doing good work on 40 and 80. 9DUI just got over the flu and is on with 10 watts. 9AE tried to see how many foreigners he could work during the month. He helps BCLs to get in shape. Traffic: 9CAA 310, 9EAM 79, 9CAW 82, 9DWZ 33. 9sDGJ 7, 9DSY 5, 9CJP 25, 9QL 2, 9CJY 29, 9DKM 28, SDED 12, 9DUI 32, 9EEA 381, 9ADI 21, 9CDE 82, SBYC 60, SAOI 10, 9DGQ 33, 9EAE 66, 9CDW 8. NOW OGSERVE RV IS TEACHER. (HIGH STUDENTS NEEDING HELP WITH STUDIES ARRANGE SCHEDULE. WITH SRV ANY NITE AFTER 11°30 HI!) UTAH-WYOMING—SCM, Art Johnson, 6ZT—6AIK is now the one active station in Ogden. Schedules are kept with 9CKQ on 41 meters. 6CVA (also on 41) keeps regular schedules with 9EEA, 9BJK, 7EF, 8AON, 6AGD and 7MP. QRA PROC that he worked? 6RM handled a bunch of Christmas greeting messages. 6RV handled the largest number in this territory making the BPL. For the good work, see Traffic Briefs. FB, OM! Although Mr. D. C. McRae, 6RM, has been appointed SCM, 6ZT is finishing out the year of 1926 in this capacity. It has been a great pleasure for him to serve the League in this office and he is sorry that it was necessary for him to resign. He wishes to thank all for their fine cooperation and hopes they will aid his successor in a like manner so that he may do justice to the position he has been elected to. Send him your report, OM. Traffic: 6AIK 9, 6CVA 30, 6RM 49, 6RV 157. SOUTHEASTERN DIVISION “LORIDA—SCM, W. F. Grogan, 4QY—Some fine I reports were sent in this month by 4DD, 4BI. and 40B. 4DD leads the state this month. FB! 4BL helped 5IB, an Army station, get traffic to WVR in quick time. 40B blew two fifties. Hard luck, OM. 4LG, ex 9CLG, sends in a good report. SAAF and 8CTS are operating at 4LG. 4LK says South Florida is sure FB. 4CK and 4FM are the only active stations in Miami at present. Where is 4VS? Let’s hear from you. 4XE reports working phone with N. Y¥. From the amount of reports received, QST FOR FEBRUARY, 1927 it looks like most of the boys had too much Xmas and forgot to send in a report. 4CH reports that he lost all his junk in the Sept. storm but hopes to be on again soon. 400 sends in for an ORS. He is ex 2AQY. Traffic: 4DD 210, 4BL 174, 40B 143, 4LK 58, 4CK 25, 4XE 24, 4TK 15, 4QY 2. ALABAMA—SCM, A. D. Trum, 5AJP—The year of 1926 showed much activity in Alabama, and our hams are to be congratulated on their splendid spirit of co- operation, good operating, and traffic-handling as well as their excellent DX. We want to proceed with the spirit of the time and continue to hold our supremacy in amateur work and make 1927 a far better year for amateur good. Mobile has been doing splendid work under the leadership of 5DL and many new amateurs are forth- coming. 5AC is back and in old-time shape. 5AAD is installing remote contro] and break-in. Mont- gomery is holding her own in the good work of 5ADA, 5AJP, 5AFS, 5JY and the many ops in the embryo stage. Birmingham has developed some fine material this fall and big things are expected of 5DT as well as the rest of the new gang. 5AC takes the credit for being the most consistent ham for the year. Dothan is becoming active again and 5ASR is showing his stuff. 5AV is stirring activity in Selma and says he hopes to have that town on top for good operating. Auburn has produced many good stations this year and it is hoped that much activity will result. The old form that used to be at 5XA is seen in 5DI and 5WI with the splendid support of the many others. Traffic: 5AAD 6. GA—SC—Cuba—lIsle of Pines—P.R.—SCM, H. L. Reid, 4KU—4KL and 4SI are doing nice work. 4AAH is the most RELIABLE Atlanta station and open for your traffic. He made the BPL and put our Section on the map. 4AAM-4PG recently helped WVR and NAO to make contact—a fine piece of A.R.R.L. co- operation. All active amateur stations in the Section are urged to get in touch with the SCM (see address on page 8, QST) with a monthly report for each 4LG 68, QST—more real ORS and OBS are needed. Get in touch with the R-M in your part of the Section and boost traffic. Traffic: 4AAH 158, 4IT 32, 4AAM 383, 4PG 6. WEST GULF DIVISION KLAHOMA—SCM, K. M. Ehret, 5APG—5DQ has received his ORS and from the report he turns in this month, it looks like business was picking up with him. 5ADO reports work nearly got the best of him and he hasn't had much time for radio. 5EQ is a new one coming into the traffic game and is making a good start for his report. 5ASK drew a goose egg. Too much campus—a YL —a bright moon. Hi! Looks like 5ANL landed in the square again this month, altho he has been having transmitter trouble. 5APG managed to slip in the square too by the exertion of an alarm clock and a couple of schedules. 5SW worked LW off the coast of Florida. 5QL and 5AAV are having good luck on 20 meters. SARD has a Western Electric 50 perking. 65ZAV finished his chemical rectifier and was QSO Jamaica. 5AGN handled a few dur- ing the Christmas vacation. 5AMO bought 5QL’s German 30-watter and his traffic total shows the results. About forgot 5ABO who is on 180 meters with fone. Traffic: 65APG 116, 5AMO 175, 5ANL 135, 5DQ 50, 5ADO 35, 5AEQ 7, 5AGN 15, 5SW 22, 5ABO 2. NORTHERN TEXAS—SCM, W. B. Forrest, Jr., 5AJT—This month was our best this year from the number of msgs handled. There is plenty of traffic, but the SCM has had several complaints from out-of-state stations saying that they can’t move traffic into Northern Texas. Most of the traffic seems to be on 80 meters so keep a lookout for Texas traffic. No news of especial interest is available this month, altho the page could be filled easily with the DX reports from various stations. We have several new stations reporting this month. FB. Traffic: 5AKN 8, 5AMT 138, 5AKG 16, 5AJJ 67, 5AQ 32, 5APO 172, 5WW 32, SHY 8, 5ACL 28, 5SP 24, 5RG 11, 5SH 10, 53H 2. SOUTHERN TEXAS—SCM, E. A. Sahm, 5YK— Reports are few this month, probably due to the holidays. There has been considerable activity, how- ever. 5AHP of Lynchburg sent his report while on the train. That's the spirit, OM. Fred Kush, 5HS says he is QRW with the Xmas holidays. 5HE of San Antonio has made some good DX records this xv

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n handled his share of traffic. 5HC is our et him know if you copy his broad- Wilsons of Brownsville turn in a good only about five nights using a 250. 1 s plentiful. Let's’ have more re- nd in the new year. \ , 5HC 8, SHE 12, 5AHP 6. CANA DA MARITIME DIVISION N rIA—SCM, W. C. Borrett, 1DD—Con- i mount of QSO's this month among tations have taken place at noon h P.E.l. works N.S. stations every h tations have mostly been in the { : QSO on 52 seems very scarce and ow vct that we cannot work U.S.A. sta- t e that wave. 1DQ, with his new He i with results on 40 and 20 working tions 1DA has worked France with as schedule with 8AW and asks that traffic be directed to him. 1AE training in Ontario. He sends in ng reports every month even had the hard luck of losing his new start all over again with : DD is still pounding out with his I i0-meter band. He is going to build : yn as possible for 52 meters and t time. Who else in Maritime is h ame? 1DJ was heard pounding month. 1AC has the finest looking Maritimes—a copper drain pipe. has to \ next issue of QST is published, the Maritime Murphy Cup will be de- By the way, gang, how about a ? Where do you want it, St. r elsewhere? Please write 1DD IDD 2, 1DM 1. WICK—SCM, T. B. Lacey, 1ElI went pretty good. 1AK got a new ne he lost. 1AI just got home from AQ worked Belgium. . [AK 10, 1AQ 12, 1AD 5, 1EI 3. VARD ISLAND—SCM, W. A. Hynd- ] a new station in Summerside ready yet an ORS. 1CO has schedules 1AX and is doing good work. 1BZ from 6.30 to 8.00 p.m. nearly every QUEBEC DIVISION CM, Alex. Reid, 2BE—It is really won- nterest shown by the boys during It seems like old times again. Sun- 1 will find five or six of the boys meters and every evening you will } m five to ten on the 40-meter band. more traffic moved during the past tv ever before from this Section. The SCM advised from Quebec City that there “ ve stations on the air before the end what we have been waiting for for ars. The monthly hamfest was held n, the attendance falling down a little the cold weather. 2AX has gone over to loing very good work with 10 watts ew out a 50 watter but is back again : M.T. 6. 20D and 2BB are doing good Dx have schedules. 2BB is prepared to ha fic for the Maritimes. 2AL and 2BG wor ralia during the month. 2BV knows wh e to receive 1500 volts. As a result, a badly burned hand. 2BI has come to f r’s absence. 2AU is very active and is i laylight DX. There will be two new t air soon. 2BM has rebuilt and is r. 2BE, 2HV and 2CC are active as 6. 2AK 10, 2AX 15, 2BB 9, 2AL 5, BV 14, 2D0 6. ONTARIO DIVISION 3CM, W. Y. Sloan, 9BJ—lIt is gratify- number of stations that are gradually our 52.5-meter wave. Stations right Western coast are heard not only Ontar with perhaps the exception of the Southern Dist., well represented. The SCM would like to take this opportunity Wednesday but every night on this wave. thank the gang throughout the Section so kind extended to him their good wishes during the Christ mas festivities. Northern Dist.: 3NI is camped on 20 meters during the daytime, and is working all over the states nu-SACY was a visitor at 3NI lately, and was QSO with him five days later from his own home station 9AQ turns in a nice traffic total this month. He and 9Al work a lot on 50 meters flat. They will listen for replies on 52.5 while they are using this wave. Eastern Dist.: 3JL prances off with the traffi honors in this Dist. 3MP is tickled with his new Hertz antenna and declares it is the best yet, and he has worked several European countries this mont! 3JW is fooling around the low-power stuff with a 201-A. 83XM is operating a station of mourning, as his lone fifty watter has gone to the happy hunting ground, Southern Dist.: 3CS again cops the traffic honor in this neck of the woods. He has recently beer appointed CM and OBS. We welcome the return of old 3BG. His 50-watter on 80 meters should be a great help in clearing traffic for Western Ontari points. 3UD and 3CM, two new ORS, are keeping things humming. A new arrival, 3CB, is on the air using the 80-meter band. Welcome, OM. 3DH, wh: was home from college during the holidays, kept t! old hook warm. Central Dist.: The gang at Hamilton is having their style cramped by a bothersome power leak. 3BZ now using 80 meters. 3HR says he thinks he w rebuild. 3HT is heard working occasionally. 3AlI now the second op at 3BT. 3EL features the news from Toronto this month. He has been successful! ir clicking with an Aussie with his five watter. %3F‘ who has long played a lone hand in Australian QSO, from Toronto, now has to share the honors with 3EL 8FC maintains his schedules with ei-ACD and eg-5HS The latter is on 22.7 and is eager for QSO with the gang. Hill was back again in Regina for the holidays 3BL insists that if you want traffic to move wit! alacrity, to let him get his hands on it. 3AZ is dow: with the 20-meter gang and is busy building a new receiver. 9AL turns in his usual consistent traff report, due to his reliable schedules. Traffic: 3FC 65, 3JL 52, 3CS 49, 9AQ 47, 9AL 8BT 21, 3FU 12, 9BJ 11, 83AZ 8, 3UD 7, 3CT 5, 3IA 4 3EL 4, 3NI 2, 3MP 3, 3AFP 2, 3BL 2, 8BZ 2, 9AG 2 VANALTA DIVISION ALBERTA—SCM, A. H. Asmussen, 4GT—4Al! keeps the junk perking altho away most of the wee! 4AL is back on the job and gets good DX report 4AH has his crystal transmitter all ready and expects his H tubes soon. 4CS is trying for a commercia ticket. 4AX is QRW with his YWCA work. 4DQ i the star DX station of his Section for the month—th OW was heard in Europe and has also worked Jamaica. 4EB has his transmitter going in good style. Looks like we are going to have some rea stations going in Alberta. 4DG also is a new one 4HM sure has a swell layout and is doing nice work 410 was after big game and came back with a Dear. He is heard on 40 and 80. 4GT spends his spare time trying all types of antennas at his new QRA. 4BN is another new station on low power. Traffic: 4AF 19, 4DQ 5, 4GT 7. BRITISH COLUMBIA—SCM, E. S. Brooks, 5BJ British Columbia is becoming active once more but th« SCM would like to receive more replies to his circular letter of Dec. 6. 5GO heads the traffic list and als kept a schedule with KDGL bound for China and Japan. 5BN keeps a schedule with nu-6BHH. 5CT says 80 meters has lots of sigs but no traffic. 5BJ is Traffic: 5GO 21, 5BN 6, 5AU-5, 5AC 38, 5BJ 38. trying to get out with 5.5 watts input on a 201-A 5CP has turned BCL. PRAIRIE DIVISION SASKATCHEWAN—SCM, W. J. Pickering, 4FC 4AC does lots of fone work on 172 meters, getting ou' FB. 4BF has moved to Saskatoon and left all his junk at Moose Jaw. 4CB has a crystal-controlled set now which will be going soon. He complains of © searcity of 4th dist. stations on 52.5 meters. 4AV back on the air with a 201-A and has been hear working on the 80 band. 4FH is heard on the a occasionally but can’t QSO anyone. 4FC is bother: by cold weather in his shack and not on much. Traffic: 4CB 7, 4AC 44, 4FC 2. QST FOR FEBRUARY, 192'

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To the Man Who Would Like to be an Amateur and Doesn’t Know How to Start—to the New Recruit to Short- Wave Radio. Here is a book written to order for you, to tell you how to do these things It starts at the beginning and tells what an amateur is, what the League is, what amateur radio is, how to be an amateur, how to learn the code, how to understand what you hear, how to get your licenses, how to build a simple station, how to build a better station, how to operate your station, how the A.R.R.L. works, how to handle traffic, and it winds up with an appendix filled with enough extra dope to keep you busy for the next ten years. [t has twice as many words as the average book, all of them directed right at you and your case. The name of this book is THE RADIO AMATEUR’S HANDBOOK and the price is only $1, postpaid American Radio Relay League 1711 Park Street, Hartford, Conn.

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