QST 1925-06: Vol 9 Iss 6

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DEVOTED EXCLUSIVE AMATEUR RADIO 2) ’ } g* 2 ) ? Lublished bY the Qmerica? ‘ j / . " ‘ s « : > ” ; + ‘ ‘ es , *, . . . J ’ 4 * ; . : “#., .

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SUNITA VULVA UAUA AU AUDA AU AA AMA EN AEN A VODUEUURUAAEEU UAE 4 maNN TAT ETN - 4 ~ Ts we CUNNIN GH 3 DETECTOR-ampLir ice: Cunningham tubes are covered and ot ees Home Office: 182 Second St. San Francisco . Types C301A, MHI RADIO /, J NEW YORK * CHICAGO $ thaid Only Four Strings a horse-hair bow, and a resonant box —yet under the hand and out of the soul of an artist what a world of ecstasy, of rare delight ... of sadness, too, a comes from. these simple instruments. Only Bits of Metal, glass en- cased, and an incom- ing anten- na current delicate as a fairy foot-fall—yet in a Cunningham Ra- dio Tube _ these combine to trap the artist’s world of music and re- it to eager millions. in the violin and in Cunningham Tube it quality of material, knowiedge of design, and manufacture which produce tones of almost uncanny purity. 1915—Standard for all sets 1299, C300, C11, C12 in the Orange and Blue Carton Price $3.00 Each YA {/ UBES SLL LLL ed VUUUCTUUAAEEUOE UAE E EET EMMETT MMMM SA’

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TOT i) i ty am Ulera. Lowtoss feacure Lacaul: design A guarentee of | * ULTRA-VERNIER, TUNING CONTROL Simplifies radio tuning. Pencil- record a station on the dial—there- after, simply turn the finder to your Pencil mark to get that station instant- ly. Easy —quick to mount. Eliminates fumbling, guessing. Furnished clock- wise or anti-clock wise in gold or silver finish. Gear ratio 20 to Silver $2.50 Gold $3.50 PHENIX RADIO CORPORATION ov 4 positive as Big Ben ET Big Ben at seven and at seven .o’clock you're bound to get the alarm. Just so, the Ultra-Lowloss condenser can be set at any wave- length—the corresponding station will come in clear and sharp. You know instantly where to turn, once a station of known wavelength is located. Makes tuning easy —direct— positive. Special Cutlass Stator Plates spread wavelengths evenly over a 100 degree scale dial so that each degree represents approximately 34 meters. Ultra-Lowloss condensers are designed by R. E. Lacault, originator of the famous Uliradyne Receivers, and built upon scientific principles which overcome losses usually experienced in other condensers. At your dealers, otherwise send purchase price and you will be supplied postpaid. Design of lowloss coils furnished free with each condenser for amateur and broadcast wavelenghts showing which will function most efficiently with the condenser. To Manufacturers Who Wish to Improve Their Sets Mr. Lacault will gladly consult with any manufacturer regarding the appli- cation of this condenser to his circuit for obtaining best possible efficiency. CLTRA-LOWLOS$ CONDENSER 114-D East 25th Street et ee aa | SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST New York IWR

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\cme Transmitting Condenser stands: up under high voltage A Apparatus Co. makes a condenser especially adapted for short wave transmission. Dielectric losses are so small that the condenser will stand up inder high voltage and not get warm. The dielectric is of the finest grade hard rubber o that there is no chance of a breakdown. The capacity is .0001, a low capacity very useful on short waves aS more inductance can be used. It is of the same low loss construction as the standard .0005 Acme low loss condenser. The Acme Transmitting Condenser has been tested in transmitting apparatus and users are enthusi- istic about the satisfactory results. If you have any difficulty in getting Acme trans- mitting Apparatus write either to the Acme Apparatus Company, New York Office, 1270 Broadway, or to the actory, Cambridge, Mass., and you will be taken care f promptly. Send for Booklet T, on Transmitting Apparatus. ACME APPARATUS COMPANY Dept. E 5, Cambridge, Mass. for transmission a) SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q@ 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST

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Manager A.D.M. D. of C A.D.M. Maryland A.D.M. 80. N A.D.M. West. N. Y¥. A.D.M. East. P A.D.M. West. Pa A.D.M. Delaware Manager A.D.M. Michigan A.D.M. Ohio A.D.M. Illinois A.D.M. Wisconsin A.D.M. Indiana A.D.M. Kentucky Manager A.D.M. Minnesota AD.M. 80. Dak A.D.M. No. Dak. Manager A.D.M. Mississippi A.D.M. Arkansas ADM Tennessee Manager ADM. No. N. J ADM. N. ¥. C A.D.M. East N. Y. Manager A.D.M. Towa A.D.M. Mo A.D.M. Kansas A.D.M. Nebraska Manager ADM. RI ADM. N. H ADM. Vt ADM. E. Mass. A.D.M. W. Mass. A.D.M,. Conn. Manager 4.D.M. Mont A.D.M. Wash A.D.M. Oregon A.D.M. Idaho A.D™M. Alaska Manager A.D.M. Ariz A.D.M. Nevada A.D.M. So. Calif A.D.M. Cen. Calif. A.D.M. No. Calif. A.D.M. Hawali Manager A.D.M. West Va A.D.M. Virginia A.D.M. No. Carolina Manager A.D.M. Colo. 4.D.M. Utah Manager ADM. 8. C, A.D.M A.D.M. Fla ADM. Ga A.D.M. Porto Rice Manager A.D.M. Oklahoma A.D.M. So. Texas A.D.M. No, Texas Manager ADM. P. E. I A.D.M. N. B. Manager A.D.M. Cen. Ont A.D.M. West. Ont. A.D.M. East Ont. Manager Manager Manager A.D.M. Sask A.D.M. Manitoba 9ZT-9XAX 9XI-9AWM 9CJS 9CsI 5MB 5KR 5XAB 5CN 2BRB 2WR 2CWR 2GK-2XAB oDxXY 9ARZ SRR ccs 9CJT 1ZE IBVB TBI 6ANL-6LJ 6ZZ 6ATN 6PL 4A0 4CB-9BX 4DE TRAFFIC DEPARTMENT, A.R.R.L. ATLANTIC DIVISION E. B. Duvall 719 Rhode Island Ave. Mt. Rainier, Md, A. B. Goodall 1824 Ingleside Ter. Washington G. L. Deichmann, Jr. Chapel Gate Lane ze Hills, Baltimore H. W. Densham 140 Washington St. Collingswood Cc. 8. Taylor 598 Masten St Buffalo J. F. Rau 2085 E. Kingston St. Philadelphia P. E. Wiggin 714 Johnston St. Wilkinsburg H. H. Layton 805 Washington St. Wilmington CENTRAL DIVISION H. G. Mathews 1358 Es‘es Ave Chicago, Ill, Cc. E. Darr 137 Hill Ave., Highland Pk. Detroit C. E. Nichols 739 Weadock Ave. Lima 3. W. Bergman Dwight C. N. Crapo 443 Newton Ave Milwaukee D. J. Angus 310 N. Illinois St. Indianapolis J. C. Anderson Glengarry Farm Lexington DAKOTA DIVISION D. C. Wallace 54 N. Penn Ave Minneapolis, Minn. L. V. Berkner c/o Radio Stn. U. of M. Minneapolis M. J. Junkins Bryant M. L. Monson E. 12th 8t Grafton DELTA DIVISION BR. F. Painter 424 Hamilton Nat. Bank Bldg Chattanooga, Tenn. Wm. 8S. Janin P. O. Box 337 Pass Christian Dr. L. M. Hunter 207% Main St. Little Rock L. K. Rush 4 Second St. Bemis, Tenn. HUDSON Sivisies, E. M. Glaser 5 E. 13th St. Brooklyn, N. Y. A. G. Wester, Jr. 1075 Chancellor St. Irvington F. H. Mardon 1309 W. Farms Rd. Bronx G. Kastermayer 417 Paige St Schenectady gg te DIVISION 2 P. H. Quint Box 134A, Rt. 6 Omaha, Nebr. dD. E Watts. 116 Hyland Ave Ames L. B. Laizure 8020 Mercier St. R. F. D. 1 Kansas City Cc. M. Lewis 312 E. Rutledge St. Yates Center H. A. Nielsen 4708 N. 39th St Omaha wey ENGLAND DIVISION Vermilya Mattapoisett, Masa D B. Fancher 86 Franklin St. Westerly C. P. Sawver 11 Stark St Manchester W. M. Hall 391 8S. Union St. Burlington W. J. Kelly 26 Windsor Ave Watertown T. F. Cushing 78 College St Springfield D. C. 8. Comstox 1622 Main St E. Hartford SOUT NWaSreae DIVISION Evere Ki 802 = wt Ave Everett, Wash. Martin Amdahl sox Bozeman L. C. Maybe 110 A Tth Ave Pasco P. R. Hoppe 1633 Williamette St. Eugene K. 8S. Norquest Weather Bureau Boise Geo. Sturley 206 E. 17th St Vancouver, Wash. PACIFIC DIVISION M. EB. MecCree 2 ae Crenshaw Blvd Los Angeles, Calif. H. L. Gooding is 175 Douglas M. E. Smar Fallon D. C. Brockway 4909 Sunset Blvd Hollywood P. W. Danr 562-35th St Oakland Stanley Runyor Box 99A Walnut Grove K. A. Cantin 593 Piioki St Honolulu, T. H. ROANOKE DIVISION WwW. T Gravely 424 Main St., Box 245 Danville, Va. 1. L. Bo Matt 1 St Farmington, W. Va. J. F. Wohlford 118 Cambridge Ave Roanoke R. 8S. Morris 413 8. Broad St Gastonia, N. C. ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISION N. R. Hood 1022 S. Ash St Casper, Wyo. Cc. R. Stedman 1641 Albion St Denver A. Johnson 247 E. 7th South St Salt Lake City SOUTHEASTERN DIVISION H. L. Reid ll Shadow Lawn Ave Atlanta, Ga A. Dupre 290 Wofford Campus Spartanburg T. Trum 217 Catoma St Montgomery, Ala Cc. F. Clark c/o Western Union Tel. Co. Jacksonville J. M. Keith 76 Clemont Drive Atlanta Luis Rexact Box 319 San Juan WEST GULF DIVISION F. M. Corlett 2515 Catherine St Dallas, Texas K. M. Ehret 2904 N. Robinson St. Oklahoma City E. A. Sahm Box 56S New Braunfels W. B. Forrest, Jr. 502 Royal St Waxahachie MARITIME DIVISION W. C. Borrett 14 Sinclair St Dartmouth, N. 8. W. Hyndman Charlottetown T. B. Lacey c/o N. B. Power Co. St. John ONTARIO DIVISION Wm. M. Sutton 355 Dufferin St Port Arthur, Ont. W. Y. Sloan 167 Close Ave Toronto J. E. Hayne 303 N. Brock St Sarnia F. A. C. Harrison 181 Hopewell Ave Ottawa QUEBEC DIVISION 493 Decarie Blvd. Montreal, Que. veieenetn DIVISION Wm. J. Rowan 1928 Pender St., E Vancouver, B. C. WINNIPEG DIVISION Walter Pottle c/o Land Titles Office E. L. Maynard F. E. Rutland, Jr. 452 St. John Ave Moose Jaw. Sask Morse Winnipeg

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5-Tube rola Islodyne Walnut, $115.00 Thorocco, $85.00 _— The New Principle Re-Making Radio You nditions lately. “‘Improved’’ tance is unbelievable. And tone is undistorted, arr Trifles. Evasion of difficulties — due to Thorola Reproducing Audio Transform- 10t ers, designed to the standards of music and But n, scrambled signals, fading, speech which Thorola has always set. dist plainly of reptan ROW yield t0 There has been nothing so stirring in radio since rh ted Power, exclusive in Thorola the yacuum tube itself. Thorola radio is really Is rs. It is another Thorola tri- certified because Thorola principles now permit umpt ;, Low -Loss Doughnut Coils uniformity in production. Every 5-tube Thorola — ble. Their self-contained field Islodyne is sure to outdistance, outplay, outsing, — , ends aes. wv and outspeak. Every test is sure to prove it! You have - s by the coils. Angular place- ever examined a set as interesting as Thorola ment about wiring are needless. Islodyne, technically or musically. Because of the Selec mes positive. Power concentrates intense interest in this new development by on t signals only. Local interference Frank Reichmann, the factory as well as Thor- is steady volume at extreme dis- ola dealers will gladly supply full information. RI [ANN COMPANY, 1725-39 West 74th Street, CHICAGO Shpcrola Sa ee oe ee { SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q ST

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© €1 8659138 LPEr | She Official Organ of the ARRL { Computation Charts Checking Up Wavemeter Methods Experimenters Section Report Rules of A.R.R.L. Information Service Skeleton-Frame Helical Coils Ringing Machine Radio Interference = Charles Sprague Hazard VOLUME Ix JUNE, 1925 NUMBER 6 Editorials - Obituary Parke Graham Lambert, Cariton Taft Caswell, Bruce Cole 8 QST de Advertising Manager 8 International Amateur Radio Union Formed! K. B. Warner 9 The Lopez Tuner 16 Giving the Coil and Condenser a Rest R. S. Kruse 17 At Last— An Approved Lead-In Bushing 20 The Radiodyne Receiver W. Turner Lewia 21 Adjusting the Transmitter John M. Clayton 23 National Convention Announcement 27 NRRL — A.R.R.L. Contact F. E. Handy 28 RCC 29 What Size Wire? F. J. Marco 30 Regarding That Long Wave Receiver 32 The Navy-MacMillan Expedition R. H. G. Mathews 33 Official Wavelength Stations 34 WWYV and 6XBM Schedules 34 The Motional Impedances of an Electrodynamic Loud Speaker A. E. Kennelly 35 Steadying Our Notes R. S. Kruse 38 A “B” Battery Fuse 41 Central Division Convention Announcement 41 R. S. MacArthur 42 The Low Power Report 44 Short-Wave Low-Power Arc Transmitters Samuel Cohen 46 Announcement of Midsummer Short-Wave Tests 47 New England Division Convention 49 F. Reinhartz Circuit Approved 57 Amateur Radio Stations SOT, 4JE, g2NB +68 Who’s Who in Amateur Wireless Additions to the Headquarters Staff 60 Canadian Section 61 Calls Heard 62 Communications 65 Austin Lidbury 50 H. R. Fritz 5 —s = Kenneth B. Warner S. Kruse, , Technical Editor L. W. Hatry. Department Editor (Secretary, A.R.R.L.), Editor and Business Manager F. C. Beekley, Assistant Editor QST is published monthly by The American Radio Relay League, Inc., at Hartford, Conn. Edwin C. Adams, Advertising Manager David H. Houghton, Circulation Manager Subscription rate in es, a As gg | ~~ % be by international postal or express money order or bank draft negotiable in the U. §& United States and Possessions, Canada, and all countries in the American Postal Union, $2.00 25 cents. Fereign countries not in American Postal Union. $2.50 per year, and fer an equivalent amount in VU. S. funds. Entered as second-class matter May 29, 1919, at the post office at Hartford, Connecticut, under the act of March 3. mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 1103. Act of Octeber 3, 1917, authorized hater’ ee Additional entry as second-class matter, acceptable at special rate of postage provided for ; above, at Springfield, Mass., authorized September 17, 1924. Copyright 1925 by the ‘American Radio Relay League. Inc., Title registered at United States Patent Office. a A eS a —

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‘THE AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE e American Radio Relay League, Inc., is a non-commercial ation of radio amateurs, bonded for the promotion of interest 1teur radio communication and experimentation, for the relay- messages by radio, for the advancement of the radio art and public welfare, for the representation of the radio amateur slative matters, and for the maintenance of fraternalism and standard of conduct. is an incorporated association without capital stock, char- inder the laws of Connecticut. Its affairs are governed by a | of Directors, elected every two years by the general member- [he officers are elected or appointed by the Directors. The e is non-commercial and no one commercially engaged in the facture, sale or rental of radio apparatus is eligible to mem- » On its Board. Of, by and for the amateur”, it numbers within its ranks prac- everv f glorious achievement as the standard-bearer worth-while amateur in the world and has a his- in amateur [Inquiries regarding membership are solicited. A bona fide in- n amateur radio is the only essential qualification; ownership transmitting station and knowledge of the code are not prereq- Correspondence should be addressed to the Secretary. Presi dent M PERCY MAXIM Hartford, Conn. Vice-President S. H. STEWART David's, Pa. President AM PERCY MAXIM Drawer 4, Hartford, Conn. Vice-President AS. H. STEWART St. David’s Pa. Canada 4. H. K. RUSSELL 6 Mail Bidg., Toronto, Ont. itlantic Division EO. L. BIDWELL ‘5 Evarts St., N. E., Washington, D. C. Central Division LYDE E. DARR Ave.. Highland Park, OFFICERS Traffic Manager F. H. SCHNELL Hartford, Conn. Canadian Gen. Manager A. H. K. RUSSELL 6 Mail Bldg., Toronto, Ont. DIRECTORS Dakota Division Cc. M. JANSKY, JR. Dept. of Elec. Eng., U. of M.., Minneapolis, Minn. Delta Division BENJ. F. PAINTER 424 Hamilton Nat'l Bank Bidg., Chattanooga, Tenn. Hudson Division DR. LAWRENCE J. 480 East 19th St., Brocklyn, N. Y. Midwest Division L. BOYD LAIZUR 80th & Mercier Sts., R. F. D. 1 Kansas City, Mo. New England Division DR. ELLIOT A. WHITE Apt. K, The Parker, N. Park St., Hanover, N. H. Northwestern Division K. W. WEINGARTEN Treasurer A. A. HEBERT Hartford, Conn. Secretary K. B. WARNER Hartford, Conn. Pacific Division ALLEN H. BABCOCK 65 Market St., San Francisco Roanoke Division W. TREDWAY GRAVELY 503 Main St., Danville, Va. Rocky Mountain Division PAUL M. SEGAL 404 Equitable Bidg., Denver, Colo. Southeastern Division HARRY F. DOBBS c/o Dobbs & Wey Co., Atlanta, Ga. West Gulf Division FRANK M. CORLETT 2515 Catherine St., Detroit, Mich 8219 No. 24th St., Dallas, Tex. Tacoma, Wash. General Correspondence to Executive Headquarters, Hartford, Conn. SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST nee ct

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EDITORIALS Shall We Change? E have found it a very helpful thing W to solicit through the pages of QST an expression of opinion from A.R. R.L. members on various weighty problems that occasionally arise. We have a hard one this time: we would like to know the sentiment about a proposal to change the name of our League. The League was founded originally as a United States association. At the request of Canadian amateurs it was expanded to take in the Dominion in its operating terri- tory; and the same thing is true of Cuba. The Canadians, through their Canadian General Manager, have self-determination in all domestic matters, merely being gov- erned by 4.R.R.L. policies. Necessarily the Canadian Section of the A.R.R.L. through its Canadian organization must look after its own legislative and regulatory matters. The A.R.R.L. Constitution is so drafted that the Canadians at their option may separate from the rest of A.R.R.L. and form and maintain their own Dominion organization. Leading Canadian amateurs, however, assert that they don’t want to think of this, that they will always want to be part of the A.R.R.L., and that the League ought to make slight readjustments in its organiza- tion so as definitely to include Canada on the same basis as the United States. And why not Mexico, too, if the Mexicans should want it, they ask, so that A.R.R.L. em- braces all of North America? The United States has no copyright on the word “America.” Correctly used it re- fers to the whole of the New World, includ- ing North, Central and South America. Thus the name of the A.R.R.L. is applicable in all correctness only to an amateur or- ganization embracing all of the Americas. On the other hand, since the word “Amer- ica” does not mean exclusively the United States, it can be applied in some measure of correctness to an organization embrac- ing other territory than the U. S. A. alone. Again, however, many people think of Amer- ica as meaning the United States primarily, and this idea seems especially prevalent in Canada, so that from this standpoint, too, our name is not an altogether happy one. In international affairs the A.R.R.L. rep- resents the amateurs of the United States, its Possessions, Canada, Newfoundland and For this reason if for no other its Cuba. name should be correctly indicative of the territory it covers. Now what, if anything, should we do about our name? Does Mexico want to come in and, if so, should we call ourselves the North American Radio Kelay League? That makes a fearfully long title, and be- sides we don’t do so much actual relaying any more; why not North American Radio League or North American Radio Ama- teurs, Inc.? Can anybody think of a shorter one? And can anyone suggest a name that would apply to an organization primarily of Canadian and United States amateurs and still be indicative of the territory em- braced? We mean, for example, that we do not think such a name as Amateur Radio League would be satisfactory, because it is very desirable that the countries included be indicated. And while we’re talking about such things, what about the possibility that our A.R.R.L. may eventually become fully in- ternational itself? There are many signs in that direction. We have a growing for- eign membership, now quite appreciable, and often have been invited to organize di- visions amongst our members in the coun- tries of other continents. Of course, we have not done so, but the day may come when it will be more desirable. What then? Would our members like to see A.R.R.L. become a sort of International Amateur Relay League if success were as- sured, or would they prefer the tight little organization that confined its efforts to things closer to this country? Comments are cordially invited. Rank Yank Rudeness EN fellows in another land go to the Vf trouble of sending us a card report- ing our signals at a respectable dis- tance, why don’t we do them the courtesy of an acknowledgment at least? We don’t, and we’re acquiring rapidly a most unen- viable reputation for discourtesy. Headquarters receives many foreign let- ters commenting in righteous indignation on this condition. The Victorian Division of the Wireless Institute of Australia dis- cussed our dilatoriness at a recent meeting and had their secretary write us about it, citing some of their experiences. One of their members, a well-known ’round-the-

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QsT , has received only one reply hundred report cards sent, who sent eighty i not receive a single acknowl- irally this treatment has fin- umateurs, as far as rendering American stations is concerned. » story in every country. iteurs build short-wave tuners pying our stations at distances 10,000 miles, and, being anx- es to help the game, go to e and expense to report their And nary a response do they we want these things said Obituary rgh loses one of its leading n the death of Parke Gra- 8CEI, and the League t ardent supporter. f Publicity Service and very efficient help in P.R.R. ’ At the time of his was a student at the Univer- We hate to think no longer hear his friend- », 8BZL, of Grand Rapids, electrocuted through acci- tact with a high tension wire \iring a radio antenna. He amateur, very well loved and had done some very work on low power. to record the death of Taft Caswell of Framingham, He was owner of station 1BT, of _ pioneer amateurs of , for he had operated pre- was an enthusiastic 1 a hearty worker in be- - amateur radio. amateurs are now ernment and operation there will In addition they have through common consent a system nsisting of one letter and one fig- QST is certainly able to announce that Belgium is he progressive countries that has its radio experimenters. , W2, B3, ete. June, 1925 about us, fellows? Every one of us with an active station receives many report cards, and often it takes time and some money to acknowledge them. But it is a part of the game and a responsibility we undertake when We engage in amateur radio. We ought to acknowledge them. But it is a part of the every amateur who goes to the trouble of reporting our sigs, even if he is only in the next state; and when these reports come from a foreign country we have a double duty, for we are also the representatives of the A.R.R.L. in international amateur re- lations. Foreign report cards have done much to help international amateur com- munication. Buck up, gang, and give our fellow hams in other lands a hearty QSL. — Kenneth Bryant Warner QST de Advertising Manager OW many of you fellows have noticed H the new line running at the bottom of QST’s advertising pages—‘“Say you saw it in QST— it identifies you and helps QST.” We hope you all have, and have acted upon it. QST has a larger percentage of year- round enthusiasts among its readers than any other radio magazine. But unless your enthusiasm manifests itself in a practical way through the purchase of apparatus from QST’s advertising pages in the sum- ner months, and the recommending of “QST- advertised” products to your B.C.L. friends, advertisers will drop out of QST or reduce their space during the warm weather. This will mean a smaller magazine, and conse- quently less reading matter. The coming three months give you a splendid opportunity to experiment, over- haul and rebuild. Traffic is lighter, and most everyone has more leisure for radio. The weather is good and warm, and you can string up a new antenna in comfort during the day, and work in the shack all night without having to hug an oil heater. The reading pages of QST will give you ample and up-to-date material for experi- ment and reconstruction. A station that was the latest thing last winter will need a lot of overhauling to be top-notch this fall. So get your sets and stations in shape this summer. Fill your wants from QST’s ad- vertising columns whenever you can, and if you can’t, write to the manufacturer and tell him how many sales he is missing by not advertising his product in QST, where it will be read by all the worth while amateurs and experimenters. Here’s detnatine t to shoot at. L. O. Doran of the SS West Jester heard CB8 while off the coast of China, a distance of about 12,- 500 miles.

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—~ me i June, 1925 Qs T International Amateur Radio Union Formed! Twenty-Three Nations at Paris Congress Unanimously Agree. Union Devoted to Two-Way International Communication. Maxim President; Headquarters at Hartford. Membership Now Open. By K. B. Warner, International Secretary-Treasurer HE International Amateur Radio Union, the dream of years, came in- to existence on April 17, 1925, when the delegates of twenty-three na- tions met at the Faculte des Sciences in Paris in the First International Amateur Congress. The Union has adopted a con- stitution, its officers have been elected, and four national sections have been formed and recognized. Its objects lie along lines that will promote and co-ordinate two-way radio communication between the amateurs of the various countries of the world. Member- ship is by individuals, and anyone interested in the objects of the Union can become a z4AA, New Zealand; the writer was elected International Secretary-Treasurer. These five officials constitute the Executive Com- mittee or Bureau of the Union. In that one paragraph is told the result of months of preparation and a week of feverish activity at Paris. The whole story is much too long to tell in our limited space. The chief point is that the transmitting amateurs of the world—our own kind of fel- lows—got together and formed an interna- tional league very similar to the A.R.R.L. in this country, “of, by and for the ama- teur.” And everything looks rosy. The opening session of the Congress con- THE AMATEUR CONGRESS IN SESSION. The Bureau sits at the long table. Left to right: M. Tirman, president of the Legal Congress; Lloyd Jacquet, u20Z, and Leon Deloy, f8AB, interpreters; M. Belin, president of the Amateur Congress; M. Beauvais, Secretary; Jean G. Mezger, f8GO, interpreter; Mr. Maxim; Mr. Warner; a stenographer.. (Photo Delano, Paris.) member. In each country from which there are 25 or more members, there is to be a National Section, like divisions in the A.R.R.L., each with its National President, and these National Presidents, with the Executive Committee, constitute the Board of Directors of the Union. Our A.R.R.L. president, Mr. Hiram Percy Maxim, ulAW, was elected International President; Mr. Gerald Marcuse, g2NM, Great Britain, is the International Vice-President; the Coun- cillors-at-large are M. Jean G. Mezger, f8GO, France, and Mr. Frank D. Bell, vened on the afternoon of April 14th, as a joint meeting of the Radio Amateurs and the International Radio Legal Committee, which was having its Congress at the same time, with a total attendance of around 250. The gathering was welcomed by M. Edouard Belin, president of the Radio-Club de France and well-known inventor of the systems of teleautography that bear his name, and by General Ferrie. Thereafter the “juridiques” held their congress separately, meeting with us again only at the closing session, and we regret that we know nothing as yet of their

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10 QsT hat first afternoon the Ama- had its first separate meeting, n was elected president of Messrs. Maxim and Marcuse , M. Beauvais secretary, and econd secretary. The rolls for membership on the sub- E INTERNATIONAL GROUP, in the courtyard of ~ Geo Suleman, with seventeen nations represented. U. It was here that the real amateurs of the Congress got h were to consider the va- f business, and the rules of determined, it being decided would be conducted on the te per country represented. ng day the sub-committees nd thereafter they met every their work was completed, were meetings of the full Con- fternoons to receive and act in delegation had arrived ir days before the start of the | had made a preliminary study n. It seems necessary to re- he unfortunate fact that the who had arranged the Con- ‘ontemplating that the Union there would be primarily an voted to two-way telegraphing t We were not sure just want it to be, but there were les, the Congress many engineers, , and many other kinds of radio e interested but little in two- ve amateur telegraphy, and we f them were disappointed at the ion that was formed. It has ever, exactly what the trans- eurs of the world set out to We must record another dis- we had been told that the Euro- r, particularly the French s an altogether different variety verican ham; that he was gen- June, 1925 erally a scientist, a man of years and posi- tion, and almost invariably wore a beard; he was = to be interested only in re- search and would never make a “brass- pounder” like we know them! This was all wrong; the French amateur when we really found him, and all the rest of them, are just like ourselves, a noisy, happy bunch of keypushers of our own age, tooting whistles and discussing circuits, and talking “QST Eng- lish,” bless ’em! And so we are happy to record that we found the hams from ill around the world all alike in complete agree- ment as to what they wanted, and looking to Mr. Maxim to lead the way. The most important work of the Congress centered in Sub-Com- mittee No. 1 on the formation of the I. A. R. together and worked, there being about fifty members of this committee. The following nations were represented by the delegates noted: Bememtins «.. cccccccsecs .Mr. Repetto BEE, Sec cecendcoeuce ..Mr. Fischel DER, seccenceeceaver .Mr. Deloor, P2. .eeeeeeeesMr. Lacomb, 1AC PT henna ceneds centehe Maj. Borrett, 1DD Czecho-Slovakia . ...Dr. Kamil Sule DOME, oon bs ce cseeesees Mr. Perroux, f8BV France .Mr. Lefebvre, 8GL EE Sccceccetuoseeese Mr. Perroux, f&8BV Germany ........... .Mr. Kraus Great Britain .Mr. Marcuse, 2NM Hungary Mr. Grenkamp-Kornfeld Italy eas — #S _.; BE dikdodcdécccese .Mr. Usami Luxemburg ... Mr. DeGroot Nether lands Mr. Tappenbeck, PCTT Newfoundland Mr. Reid, 8AR Poland Mr. Odynier Spain ..seee~+- Mr. Moya, AR} Sweden Mr. Svensson, SMYY Switzerland Dr. Merz Uruguay .Mr. LeGrand United States Mr. Maxim, 1AW Twenty-three nations! This Sub-Commit- tee elected Mr. Maxim its chairman, and Mr. Jean G. Mezger, f8GO, its secretary, and started work. By its second session it had agreed unanimously that there should be a Union, that it should be an organiza- tion by individual memberships, that it should have for its chief purposes the co- ordination and fostering of international amateur two-way communication, and that its headquarters should temporarily be lo- cated in the U. S. A. Then the A.R.R.L

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June, 1925 Q delegate was requested to prepare a consti- tution along these lines for the considera- tion of the committee. Then the fun began! Messrs. Maxim and Mezger and the writer went into retirement at the Hotel du Louvre, and by late that night a constitution was ready. But there had to be a copy for each official delegate. With lots of hams avail- able, that was easy. A bunch of English amateurs commandeered a flock of type- writers and tackled the English edition, while a group of French hams translated the constitution and batted out the French edition, and by morning the job was done. But those fellows went without a wink of sleep, didn’t have their clothes off that night, and ought to be taken in as honorary members of the Boiled Owls. The next morning, the 17th, every dele- gation had a copy of the constitution, and consideration began. Nineteen countries were represented at this meeting: Argen- tina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Den- mark, France, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New- foundland, Poland, Switzerland, Spain, Uru- guay and the United States. Section by section the constitution was examined and adopted, and then it was unanimously ap- proved and adopted as a whole by the nine- teen official delegates. That afternoon the Sub-Committee reported to the full Congress and its report was unanimously approved, whereupon M. Belin, the chairman, de- clared the constitution unanimously adopted by the First Congress. HANDS ACROSS THE SEA. M. Belin, president of the Amateur Congress, shaking hands with Messrs. Maxim and Marcuse. (Photo Barratt’s, London.) This constitution provided that the first bureau of officers of the Union was to be elected by the amateur delegates attending this Congress, and so on the morning of 18th of April there was a large gathering for that purpose, nineteen countries being represented. Here the officers reported in the first paragraph of this article were elected, in a strictly ham meeting reeking with international goodfellowship. For in- 2 T 1] stance, even tho New Zealand was not rep- resented at the Congress, the fellows there felt that the representation on the Execu- tive Committee ought to be divided and some consideration given that splendid lot of ama- teurs off in Australasia, so they elected Bell FOUR MEMBERS OR THE 1.A.R.U. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Left to right: M. Mezger, France, Councillor-at-large; Mr. Maxim, U.S.A., president; Mr. Marcuse, Great Britain, vice-president; Mr. War- ner, U.S.A., secretary-treasurer. (Photo Barratt’s, London.) of z4AA as one of the Councillors. In the election of the other Councillor there were originally proposed MM. Mezger, Perroux and Lefebvre, all of France. The French amateurs withdrew to select a single can- didate and then presented M. Perroux, but M. Perroux is a commercial radio engineer and the Byreau was obliged to declare him ineligible to office in the Union, whereupon M. Mezger was proposed and elected. At the conclusion of the election the Sec- retary-Treasurer opened the roll for mem- bership, Mr. Maxim becoming the first mem- ber. We are pleased to say that at this writing we already have 112 paid members. More about this subject later. There were other sub-committees -of the Congress, dealing with tests, wavelength distribution for international co-ordination, international auxiliary language, and calls and intermediates. We regret that we haven’t copies of their reports, but they will be available as soon as published in France. Some of the committees were of amateur membership, some were not. Their reports, altho adopted unanimously. by the Congress, are not binding upon the Union. They will be made the subject of an early study by the Executive Committee. Late on the afternoon of 18th April the closing plenary session of both congresses convened, and ratified all the actions taken. At this meeting late arrivals were present from Russia and Indo-China, raising the total of countries represented to 25. In the

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12 QsT clos ts of this meeting a great bow , provided by Dr. Merz, the Sw , Was presented to Mr. Max- m amid immense applause, in he 1 transmitting amateurs of that night every ham wore one nhole at the banquet at the Hote 1, which, by the way, was a Mr. Maxim paying his 1 of the LA.R.U. MEMBER. ducs «e Member Neo. And another example that the same the world over: » that the work was going n the drafting of the con- t making the report for Sub 1, the writer missed three and must have acquired a y look. At any rate, just closed a delegation of Bel- h amateurs presented him ham sandwich, some three veighing all of ten pounds, the ribbons of Belgium, e United States. (See Fig. vich had an interesting end; another little international it to a little sidewalk res- from the hotel and there it 1 muy pronto, washed down r, which didn’t happen to be there! ican delegation consisted of M ncipal delegate; Mrs. Maxim, t terpreter; Jimmie Morris of L. Hight of 4BQ, repre- Southeastern Division of \ yd Jacquet of New York City, ( ateur Radio;” and the writer, legate. Then of course there ll Borrett, c1DD of Halifax, | Canadian delegate; and Loyal AR of St. John’s, representing nd. We all had a wonderful springtime!—and only iore of the gang from North \ iid have been with us. There ' to the extremely interesting f M. Belin at Malmaison, to June, 1925 the Eiffel Tower FL, to the great station UFT at Ste. Assise, and to Versailles. And the pretty little French girls everywhere, “calling CQ very QSA,” as one of the gang put it. Before we leave France we must tell one on Jimmie Morris: he wanted to ask his way of a gendarme but couldn’t think of the right word and called him “Jardiniere.” Imagine the emotions of that French cop upon being called a flower- pot! Thereafter Jimmie was not heard to strut a single word of French! Great thanks are due M. Belin for his very able chairmanship of the Congress and for his kindness in conducting the delegates thru his establishment; and to the French committees headed by Commandant Mesny and Dr. Pierre Corret which made all the arrangements for the holding of the Con- gress. To Commandant Mesny in particu- lar too much praise and thanks cannot be given. On the way back home the American dele- gation, with the exception of Mr. Jacquet who remained in France on an extended vacation, visited London and were the guests of the Radio Society of Great Britain at a delightful dinner at the Hotel Waldorf, the night before sailing for home. Here we met the flower of the British radio world and many of Britain’s leading hams. Here too we met Capt. Rex Durrant, of GHH1, Mesopotamia, Mosul, well-known on the THE FAMOUS HAM-SANDWICH, presented to the Secretary-Treasurer to even up for lost meals. In the center, pointing, is Mr. Deloor of Belgian P2, whe made the presentation. (Photo Barratt’s, London.) amateur air here. Capt. Durrant is a flier in the R. A. F. and set out for the Paris Congress by ‘plane, a mere hop of 4,000 miles, but was forced down fourteen times by bad weather enroute and only arrived at Marseilles the last day of the Congress, so proceeded on to England. He would have made the twenty-sixth country! Jerry Marcuse, old 2-N-Emmer, A.R.R.L. Traffic Department Manager for the British

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June, 1925 Isles, made our five-day stay in England one never to be forgotten. He took us to visit the Mullard lamp works(British for tube factory), the General Electric research “” ” PRONOUNCED y/BERATIONS laboratories, the Croydon airdrome, took us for luncheon to 2NM, gave us a charming dinner at the Victoria and to the theatre afterwards, and in general did himself proud. We are very grateful for the won- derful reception given us by him and the other British amateurs. Before we left France a mass meeting of the French members of the Union was held, to organize and elect their national presi- dent, more than the required minimum number of members having joined; and a THE AMERICAN VISITORS AT G2NM. right, seated: Mrs. Maxim, Mr. Mezger, Mr. Maxim, Left to Mr. Marcuse, Mr. Warner, Mrs. Marcuse.. Standing: Mr. Hight, Major Borrett of Canada, Mr. Reid of Newfoundland, Mr. Morris, Mr. Nicholls of ¢2CC. (Mr. Jacquet remained in France for a visit and does not appear in the photo.) similar meeting of the British amateurs was held in London while we were there. In both cases a meeting of four members of the Executive Committee of the Union was called by the president and the sections and their presidents officially recognized. Thus we can report that there are already in ex- istence four sections of the I.A.R.U.: QsT UNITED STATES SECTION H. P. Maxim, ulAW, National President CANADIAN SECTION K. Russell, c9AL, National President FRENCH SECTION Jack Lefebvre, ‘8GL, National President A. H. Edouard LeBlanc, f8DE, National V. P. R. Audureau, f8CA, National Secretary BRITISH SECTION E. J. Simonds, g20D, National President QST has been named the official organ of the Union, we are proud to say. We can announce no new plans now, but hope to be able to present soon a sizeable section devoted to the affairs of the Union. Many kind and complimentary things were said “MISS SUZANNE TAURENWERFER,” Manager of our Maritime Division, as she appeared at a fancy- dress ball on the S.S. “Berengaria” on the return trip. If the Canadian amateurs only could have seen their Bill! about QST by the amateurs of every nation, for which we are very grateful and which we hope we may continue to merit. MEMBERS WANTED! Now for a bit of snappy business talk. The constitution of the Union is printed in full at the conclusion of this article. Read it—it tells you all about the organization and its aims. The membership roster is now open and applications are invited. If you believe in world peace and under- standing, you ought to be a member. If you’re a transmitting amateur as well, you must be a member. 3 The Union is the great force that in future will co-ordinate our international relations, arrange tests, assign intermedi- ates, represent the amateur at interna-

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14 QST eation conferences, sub- ths and hours if that be- ry, work for the removal of n amateur operation, and deavor to advance two-way cation. To do these things ership and funds. The dues 3 per year. Surely every- that. Dues have nothing to \.R.R.L. membership or QST su that is entirely separate. We wa -—lots of them. This in- ressed to every reader of may be, but particular- nds of A.R.R.L. members os he June, 1925 in the United States and Canada. Come on in, fellows, and get your little mem- bership certificate and that satisfied feel- ing which comes with knowing that you’ve done your part to help the good work along. We ought to get umpty-ump thousand members from North America in thirty days, but to do that every real ham who reads this will have to “join up.” Clip the handy little application blank (or copy it on a card if you don’t want to cut your copy of QST), pin a dollar bill to it, drop it in the mailbox, and you’re set. QRO, QRQ! Committee: ' APPLICATION BLANK tional Amateur Radio Union, Park St., Hartford, Conn., U.S.A. I am interested in the objects of the International Amateur yn and desire to become a member. hip, to abide by the Constitution and regulations of the I agree, if elected to | attach $1.00 covering my first year’s dues. ttances should be made payable to The International Amateur Radio Union.) (Country) CONSTITUTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR RADIO UNION E I NAME AND OBJECTS f this organization is The Interna- Radio Union, hereinafter called the shall be the promotion and co- way radio communication between the various countries of the world; of the radio art; the representa- radio communication interests in munication conferences; the en- nternational fraternalism; and the h additional activities as may be LE Il MEMBERSHIP nterested in the objects of the gible to membership. Applications hall be submitted to the Executive Union and a majority vote of the TYommittee shall elect to membership. e may refuse to elect to member- who, in their opinion, would be an er: provided, that any person who vership may have his case reviewed Directors of the Union upon the ‘f two or more members of the ittee, and the Board of Directors etion, reverse the action of the Ex- 2. Members shall comply with the requirements of the Constitution and of such regulations of the Union as may be adopted from time to time. 3. A member may voluntarily terminate his mem- bership by written communication to the Interna- tional Secretary. If all his dues and other indebted- ness to the Union have been paid, the resignation shall be accepted. 4. Upon the written request of twenty-five or more members that, for cause therein stated, a member of the Union be expelled, the Executive Committee shal! consider the matter, and if there appears to be sufficient reason, shall advise the accused of the charges against him. The accused shall then have the right to present a written defense, or to secure a hearing before a meeting of the Executive Com- mittee or authorized representatives of the Executive Committee, of which meeting he shall receive notice at least sixty days in advance. Not later than sixty days thereafter, the Executive Committee shall finally consider the case, and if in the opinion of two-thirds of the members of the Committee a satisfactory proof of the undesirability of the accused as a member has been established, and he has not in the meantime tendered his resignation, he shall be expelled from membership. ARTICLE III — SECTIONS 1. In each country represented in the Union, from which there are twenty-five or more members of the Union, there shall be formed a Section of the Union, which shall be known as “— tional Amateur Radio Union.” — Section, Interna-

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June, 1925 2. The members in total membership in five, shall temporarily purposes to a neighboring specified by the Executive Committee. total membership from such a country attains a total of twenty-five or more, a Section shall be created in that country as provided in Paragraph 1 of this Article. 8. In each Section of the Union there shall be National President, elected by popular vote of t members in that country. Nominations for office shall be solicited by the International Secretary through the columns of the official organ of the Union, under regulations as to the eligibility, dates, etc., to be determined by the Executive Committee The election shall be by means of ballots mailed from the headquarters of the Union. 4 he National Presidents term of two years, or until sors have been duly elected. any country not possessing a the Union of at least twenty- be attached for administrative country which shall be Whenever the shall hold office their respective for a succes- 5. Whenever a vacancy occurs in the office of National President, an election for his successor shal! be held as quickly as possible, under the same gen- eral regulations as apply for regular elections. ARTICLE IV OFFICERS 1. The officers of the Union shall be an Interna- tional President, an Internationa! Vice-President, and an International Secretary-Treasurer. 7 The first officers of the Union shall be elected by the amateur delegates present at the International Amateur Congress held in Paris in April, 1925, one vote to be assigned to each country represented. They shall assume office immediately upon election, and shall hold office for two years or until! their success- ors are duly elected. 3. Except for this first election of officers, the officers shall be nominated and elected by the Board of Directors for two-year terms, under regulations as to eligibility, dates, etc., that shall be determined by the Board. ARTICLE V MANAGEMENT 1. The affairs of the Union shall be managed under this Constitution by an Executive Committee, consisting o* the officers of the Union and two Coun- cillors-at-large. 2. The first Councillors-at-large shall be by the amateur delegates present at the International elected Amateur Congress held in Paris in April, 1925, one vote to be assigned to each country represented. They shall assume office immediately upon election, and shall hold office for a term of two years or until their successors are duly elected. Their successors shall be nominated and elected for two-year by the Board of Directors, under regulations as t eligibility, dates, etce., that shall be determined by the Board. 3. Whenever there is any vacancy in any office in the Executive Committee, it shall be filled by special election by the Board of Directors, under such regu- lations as they may determine. 4. The Executive Committee shall direct the in- vestment and care of the funds of the Union, shal! make appropriations for specific purposes, shall act upon all questions of admittance or expulsion of members, and in general shall direct the business o% the Union, either itself or through its officers and committees. It shall arrange the place, time and program for the biannual Congress and shall handle all affairs relating thereto, either itself or through its appointees. 5. It shall be the particular purpose and duty of the Executive Committee to devise ways and means for the encouragement of international two-way amateur radio communication, by the management of tests and relays, by the promulgation of rules and regulations to co-ordinate international amateur op- eration, by encouraging and assisting the develop- ment of amateur radio in countries where assistance is desirable, by arranging for adequate representa- tion of two-way amateur communication interests at international communication conferences, by endeav- terms oring to secure a removal of legal restrictions pro- hibiting amateur operation in certain countries, and by kindred methods. 6 he Executive Committee shall meet in person at the call of the International President when possi- ble and desirable. At such meetings three members of the Committee, present in person or by proxy, shall determined members constitute a quorum, and action shall be by the concurring vote of a majority of the present. In general, however, the determinations of the Executive Committee shall be made by post, through the agency of the International Secretary- Treasurer and under the direction of the International President, and action shall be determined by the con- curring vote of a majority of the whole membership of the Committee. The International Secretary- Treasurer shal! acquaint the entire membership of the Board of Directors with the actions taken by the Executive Committee, and such actions shall then be- come binding upon the Union; provided, that if three or more National Presidents within sixty days after such announcement of action by the Executive Com- mittee formally protest the same, the Executive Com- mittee shall cause the International Secretary-Treas- urer to submit the question in point to the entire Board of Directors by post, and unless it is within one hundred and twenty days thereafter ratified by a majority of the Board of Directors, the action of the Executive Committee shall be deemed reversed. 7. The International President shall have general supervision of the affairs of the Union, under the direction of the Executive Committee. He shall pre- side at meetings of the Executive Committee and at the Congresses, and shall direct the work of the In- ternational Secretary-Treasurer in the determination of Executive Committee affairs by post. He shall be ex-officio, a member of all committees. The Interna- tional Vice President shall be responsible for such matters of general supervision as may be delegated to him by the International President. In the absence or disability of the International President, the In- ternational Vice President shall act in his stead. 8. The International Secretary-Treasurer shall be the general manager of the affairs of the Union, un- der the direction of the International President and the Executive Committee. He shall attend all meet- ings of the Executive Committee and all Congresses and record the proceedings thereof. He shall collect all moneys due the Union and deposit them in the name of the Union in a depository satisfactory to the Executive Committee. He shall certify the ac- curacy of bills or vouchers on which money is to be paid, and shall draw and sign all checks. He shall invest such funds as may be ordered by the Executive Committee. He shall have charge of the books and accounts of the Union, and shall furnish the Execu- tive Committee from time to time such statements and reports as may be required. He shall conduct the general correspondence of the Union, and shall keep full records. Under the direction of the Inter- national President he shall canvass the Executive determine the action of the He shall be in responsi- President and the Committee by post to Union on current matters. ble charge, under the International Executive Committee, of all property of the Union. He shall, with the approval of the Executive Com- mittee, employ such clerical force as may be neces- ary and shall be responsible for the work of all em- ployees of the Union Under the direction of the Executive Committee, he shall be the general mana- ger of any publications owned by the Union. He shall prepare and submit at each Congress of the Union a comprehensive report on the progress and status of the affairs of the Union. He shall perform such other duties as may be assigned to him by the Execu- tive Committee. He shall furnish a bond satisfactory to the Committee, the expense of same to be borne by the Union. 9. The National Presidents shall have general sup- ervision of the activities of the Union in their re- spective countries. They shall be responsible for carrying out in their respective countries the plans and policies of the Union. They shall represent their respective countries in the Board of Directors, and to this end shall keep themselves informed on the needs and desires of their members, in order that they may faithfully and intelligently represent them. They shall have the right to appoint such assistants as they deem desirable, to handle such portions of their duties as they may desire. So far as possible, they shall attend all Congresses of the Union, but shall be authorized to send an alternate of their own se- ection to act in their stead at the Congresses. 10. No person commercially indentified with the radio industry shall be eligible to serve as a member of the Executive Committee or as a National Presi-

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16 QsT dent f the Executive Committee and all N ents must be members of the BOARD OF DIRECTORS the Union, the Councillors-at- Presidents of Sections of constitute the Board of lar ‘ na the hall 2 Directors shall meet in biannual Cong each odd-numbered year, at the ca tive Committee. The Executive Con t the exact dates and the place, h nce the program, examine and . and in general administrate the Board of Directors shall f the officers, elect and instruct Councillors-at-large; act upon ome before it; and in general f the Union for the ensuing two rder of the Congresses shall be nit free and open discussion of radio matters. Board of Directors present in or by proxy to a number rep- the membership of the Board, ha xorum at any Congress. The ac- hall be determined by the con- t we present, but if less than a na e membership of the Board is taken shall not become binding they have subsequently been of the whole membership of f the Union, in the opinion of permit it, the traveling ex- tional President and the Inter- nat ssurer to attend the Congresses > Union VII A.R.R.L. determined by the Board of ndment of this Constitution, the Union shall be located at the American Radio Relay League in America. Until otherwise deter- of Directors by the amendment the magazine of the American Ra QST.” shall be the official or- of this Constitution relating to of the Union and the elec- sidents shall not apply in the Canada. The United States por- Radio Relay League shall con- ates Section of the Union and its emed the National President of » meaning of this Constitution. » of the American Radio Relay te the Canadian Section of the .R.L. Canadian General Manager National President of the Section f this constitution. ICLE VIlIl— DUES embership in the Union shall be r annum. rrears shall be carried on the national Secretary-Treasurer for the end of that time they have membership, they shall be dropped LE IX — AMENDMENT tion may be amended by a two- Board of Directors, at any Con- tiative of the Executive Committee at any time by post by a two- Board of Directors. keland, Florida has worked 8 st the Ist district, 6 in the second dis the third, one in Porto Rico, tw xes, 3 sevens, 7 eight’s, 9 nines and lian when using one UV-201-A wit it of 3.3 to 9.9 watts, on 40 June, 1925 The Lopez Tuner be a pioneer in the field of radio ap- paratus and still, after a period of a year or more, be one of the head liners requires some sound engineering work and good design on the part of some one. This is the case with the low-loss tuner manu- factured by the Radio Engineering Labs. of New York City. The tuners are available in three sizes; the broadcast unit which covers a wave- length range from 225 to 600 meters with a secondary shunt condenser of 500 pf; the amateur size which tunes from 40 to 205 meters with a shunt condensed of 250 uuf, and the Amateur Special type which covers the 20 to 80 meter band with the same size condenser across the secondary. The secondary coils in each of these tuners are four and a half inches in diam- eter and are wound with large double cot- ton covered wire. The secondary is firmly tied together in many places with a string binder and in addition is held in the bake- lite clamp. It doesn’t particularly matter about losses in the primary and tickler coils so they are wound on bakelike tubing. The primary wire is number 12 while the tickler is wound with number 20 D.C.C. The whole unit is in one piece and is held against the set panel by means of two Number 10 machine screws threaded into the aluminum frame. ‘The secondary coil will thus always be at least 3 inches from the panel. Variable primary coupling is provided, and this is highly desirable so that the unit can be used efficiently on different types of antennas. We are only sorry that the tickler is not at the primary end of the secondary. This isn’t so all fired important on broadcast- ing wave length but it certainly does make a difference on ham waves.

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June, 1925 QSsT 17 Giving the Coil and the Condenser a Rest By R. S. Kruse* OR some unknown reason it seems to be QST’s privilege to jog tuner devel- opment every time the thing shows a desire to sit down and fall asleep. Just at the proper moment some member comes along with the necessary impulse. A pair of years since we had gotten to the point where everyone worried about the circuits in the receiver and nobody gave a whoop about the stuff the circuits were made of. Along came Hassel with his classic “Short Wave Tuner Design,” which upset the entire tuner-designing game and forced attention to half a dozen things no- body seemed to have seen. Curiously enough one does not hear so much of “Short Wave Tuner Design” as of the follow-up article “Low Loss Tuners.” This second article was “the bunk.” I wrote it myself and know that it was a mere re-write of Hassel’s principles illustrated by pictures of 3 tuners built by Hartford amateurs in accordance with Hassel’s principles. The fame of the article depended on our title “Low Loss Tuners.” How the ad. men did jump at that phrase “Low Loss!” They’ve What, for instance, is the excuse for— Left-handed dials Scales on ticklers and rheostats Moving coils Complicated panels A fixed wavelength-range Un-cushioned sockets Interlocking controls. A set can be made without any of these things. We always like to illustrate tuner discussions by means of the simple regen- erative-detector and audio amplifier. Part- ly we like to do this because such a set is understood by everyone and partly because it will—as always—give many more com- plex sets a hard fight. Schnell’s Tuner With some of these things in mind our Traffic Manager built a tuner that dodges every one of the difficulties mentioned and is a mighty pretty piece of work in addition. The photographs and the diagram tel] most of the story but do not show how all of these things have been done. The scale (notice there is only one) is THE DIGNITY OF SIMPLICITY Not a single unnecessary thing on the Panel. worked it to death, it’s been applied to all sorts of queer apparatus, also it has brought along the best coils and condensers we have yet seen. Where the Coil and Condenser Stand The variable condenser is good these days; more than half of the receiving var- iable condensers are so good that one can forget their losses entirely and pick a suit- able one on mechanical requirements alone. The coil has a way to go. Many “funny wound” coils are living on their appearance. They will not last long. Meanwhile well designed coils are here and more are com- ing. Give Them a Rest Very well then, why not forget the coil and the variable condenser while we see if the rest of the set is good? * Technical Editor, QST. right-handed so that the ordinary run of humanity can use it. The same sort of scale on a dial would be left-handed and therefore would have to be turned around. It does not matter, though, because this set isn’t equipped with dials, it has an Honest- to-goodness pointer whose position can be seen at a glance without getting down and “squinching” at the little figures on the beveled edge of a left-handed dial. The tickler and the rheostat have no scale at all. Why in the name of Heaven should they have scales? Of course all the direc- tion books sent with receivers tell you to “Set the rheostat at 7” and “Set the tickler at 5,” but everyone knows that both these things are invariably set by ear and not by eye. The coils are interchangeable, without a soldering copper. At the same time they do not depend on a trick plug arrangement

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18 QS T contact. Regular binding TI ure cushioned where it’s nec- where it isn’t. The cushions are 1 e-rubber cushions, too, not litt or leaf-spring arrange- mer very vibration through. The Stationary Coils T hold still while the tuner is being There is no flip-flap tickler co leads to break off. The and so does the secondary June, 1925 throttle-condenser arrangement does not change the secondary tuning a bit; the two controls are perfectly independent of each other. There is no moveable primary for either the broadcast or the amateur set. In the case of the broadcast set the primary is fixed, while the amateur set may use either a fixed 3-turn primary or else the condenser- coupling arrangement. Personally I do not care for the condenser-coupling idea. Others like it very well. For the broadcast range it is not a success for several reasons. THE “WORKS” AND THE SPARE COILS , n. Of course this sort of a t 1 regeneration control and it ry simply by using the er” scheme, in other words by riable bypass condenser.’ A »f this idea was used in the TOP VIEW SHOWING ALL WIRING CR tuner shown in our last issue. It pleasant thing to be able to op- e1 yth-running condenser instead f | tickler of the usual home- The best of it is that this first used by Grebe, we believe, Those Lorenz Coils We can see in advance that there will be lifted eyebrows at the sight of the Lorenz coils. Wait— they are better than they seem. The wire used in this case is white paraffined annunciator wire having a triple cotton covering. Therefore the turns of the coil are widely spaced. At their closest points they are separated by the diameter of the wire. Such coil shows up rather well as compared to the usual Lorenz coils and is not bad com- pared to a spaced wire. However—don’t use wire. ordinary The Fixed Condensers and the Gridleak Nobody ever seems to worry at all about the gridleak or the fixed con- densers. We have heard that “so- called tube noises really origi- nate in poor connections.” (This man is selling solder and flux). We have heard that “so-called tube noises originate in the sockets.” Personally I’ve found that they are either real tube noises or else they start in the fixed condensers and the gridleak. They NEVER start in poor connections, a

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June, 1925 moron can tell a loose-joint noise from a tube noise. This agrees with my notes from the Traffic Manager; it pays to select the grid- leak very carefully indeed and it pays to get a handful of fixed condensers—and use two of the best. This is not especially a “razz” for the manufacturer, after all he has to make what the public wants. If they insist on cheapness they are going to get it. Perhapsa bit later folks will be willing to pay enough for leaks and QsT 19 tube non-oscillating. It will work perfectly well over that range if the capacity coup- ling scheme is abandoned in favor of a pri- mary coil and the throttle-condenser scheme is used in the form suggested by Fig. 2. However, it has then become another tuner, so different that re-design is in order. Next month we will present an extremely simple condensers so that all of them c ought to be good. Right now ¢ these things are too cheap, and even at that there are L, R, some makes that are very Ce A+ B+ good. Still—the only way i= lalala to be sure is to try many of | | each. In the set shown here To Phones over 150 gridleaks were tried, C or Amp and only about 10 were per- F 3 fectly quiet. Most of these _ ‘ > were of one make. Ls | f The Tubes ss Nobody needs to be told FIG. | pt Boag Fig. 1. The Cireuit, our old faithful friend the regenerative detector with is a thing we dream C1. eH ~-—A a condenser. Two pieces of aluminium or brass about but usually sheet spaced \%” to %”". Size of sheets %" x %”. m3 2 7 C2. Bremer-Tully variable condenser cut down to 5 plates. can’t buy. It seems C3. Bremer-Tully variable condenser, capacity at maximum setting 250 that increased pro- micro-microfarads. duction and de- creased quality have R. Carefully selected gridleak of 7-8 megohms. should be so chosen as to permit tube to go in and out of oscillation a piece of bakelite on a circle 3% in diameter. C4. Carefully chosen mica grid condenser, 250 micro-microfarads capacity. The leak and condenser See note below. Tickler coil, 4 turns. Tickler should be so spaced from secondary as te give good control over tuning range, using the entire scale of the If the tube will not oscillate the tickler connections are in the usual Lorenz fashion using white (not ordinary thin D.C.C.) wire. The details are given on page 2 of Feb., 1924, QST. The form uses 11 pegs set in A photo of the wind- run together in with a soft hiss and not a click. many factories. Ri. General Radio 10 ohm Rheostat. Again—it pays to - Secondary coil. try a lot of them. The sets shown a C3. r here were t r ied Note—The ‘> an " wound with 50 or 60 differ- paraffine annunciator ent tubes of one make, and some 4 were found to be good, meaning that they were both 10 quiet and effective. 6 So there is such a 3 thing as a noisy . tube and we can’t blame it all on the sockets, the solder, the condensers and the day of the month. Making the Tuner The particular tuner we have been talk- ing about may be of sufficient interest to encourage many to make a similar one. Very well, a few suggestions are in order. Since the original tuner was constructed for short-wave C.W. reception it is not es- pecially adapted to work at 200-600 meters where radiophone is to be copied with the ing form appears on p. 39 of the September, length ranges with different secondary coils are as follows: Secondary turns 19 1924, issue. Wave Wavelength range Tickler turns 4 58—113 35—70 4 23—45 4or3 15.4—26.1 4, 3 or 2 ??—12 3 or 2 200-600 meter tuner which has advantages over such a re-design. Going back to the original tuner we find that the construction is pretty well ex- plained by the photos and the diagram, but a few details need to be mentioned. The detector socket is cushioned, as has been mentioned. The connections are made with small strips of very thin copper which is extremely flexible and does not transmit vibrations to the tube. The other sockets are not cushioned because there isn’t any particular need for it. The little board on

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20 which use wiring the MODIPF! QsT are mounted permits the sts without requiring any veneath the main base of | base does not come off ft ¢ i) i. [ } Ae Bt RFC Loy alelalelel 4|t} 4jafafala} —_ To Phares or = Audra Amp Cy . R BROADCAST RECEPTION FROM 00-600 METERS he same except the coils, the con- radio-frequency choke r.f.c. of winding beat 50 turns of No. 22 of winding but 11-16 turns. icrofarad variable condenser. »microfarad variable condenser. wound with 200 turns of any wire n Ne. 22. This coil must be 6” from are changed; it stays while removed from the binding EADBOARD SET, THE ANCESTOR OF THE FINAL SET used only one step of audio amplification. The “velvet the National condensers here shown were abandoned for one the builder’s preference for a pointer as against a dial. very little “spaghetti” is used ng because it has been laid out is no danger of short-circuits. June, 1925 At Last—An Approved Lead— In Bushing HE Underwriters’ Laboratories have T consistently refused to investigate the matter of lead-in tubes and bushings for radio purposes on the premise that almost everyone used ordinary porcelain wiring tubes for lead-ins and as these por- celain tubes are not approved in general wiring they should not be approved as radio devices. No one knew what was approved in the way of a lead-in—a specific lead-in device—until the M. M. Fleron & Son com- pany of Trenton, N. J., undertook to con- vince the Underwriters that there was no reason why there should be any “fire haz- ard” when using their lead-in bushing. At our instigation they fought the matter out and we now have at least one lead-in tube which is approved by the Underwriters’ Lab- oratories. It seems to us that a bushing (mitt, 9 of the Pyrex bowl type should be approved also, but the Fleron bushing is the only one we know of which has been officially accepted. In addition to being an approved device the Fleron bushing is a most convenient device. The over all length of the bushing is 14 inches. The head of the bushing is moulded from __ special Black Body porcelain, and is made up of one inch tongue and groove por- celain sections. There are ten of these sections. The brass rod in the center of the bushing is threaded all the way. When sec- tions are removed the fibre end washer is screwed up tightly against the last section, holding the whole unit together. For soft wood the bushing re- quires a five-eighths inch hole while for hard wood the hole should be eleven- sixteenths of an inch. Note the “drip loop” to keep rain from coming down the lead-in and entering the house.

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June, 1925 QsT 21 The Radiodyne Receiver By W. Turner Lewis* HERE is a marked lack of informa- tion on the design of broadcast re- ceivers which use only the C-299 or UV-199 tubes. The “Radiodyne” model WC-12, a product of the Western Coil & L. ctrical Company, is a six-tube broad- cast receiver using the tubes in question. The Circuit The circuit uses two stages of tuned R.F. amplification, a detector and two stages of audio amplification. This is not an unusual combination but the particular manner in which the circuit is designed is somewhat unusual. The first radio-frequency am- plifier stage cannot be made to oscillate. This is not accom- plished by neutralization but by reducing the plate inductance, so that there is no possibility of oscillation. The plate coil of the second radio-frequency tube is large enough so that oscillations will take place if desired. Free oscillation of this second tube is kept under control by means of a 400 ohm variable resistance which, as will be noticed from the diagram, is in the tuned grid circuit of the tube. Thus it is possible to make the second tube work near the oscillation point, gaining ampli- fication thereby, while the first tube prevents radiation. With this preliminary expla- nation the details of the set will be con- sidered. The Antenna Coupler Inductive coupling is used between the antenna and the grid coil of the first radio- * Director of Research, Western Coil and Elec- trical Co., 300 Fifth Street, Racine, Wisconsin. 1. This scheme was first described in our pages by Mr. M. B. Sleeper under the title, “Something New in Radio Frequency Amplifiers’, page 8, April, 1924, issue. However, the idea is used by many manufacturers of tuned R.F. sets, although most of them do not admit it. Some of the supposedly neutralized sets are kept from oscillating by this same means, the alleged neutralization device being needless or ineffective. 2. Perhaps the Technical Editor is needlessly prejudiced. However, he is firmly convinced that the solution of the most of our complaints about inter- ference is to be found in the gradual elimination of the tuner with conductive coupling. This conductive coupling argument works both ways; if it is bad at the transmitter then it is bad at the receiver—and it is much easier to cure in the second case. Why, for instance, should a high-priced neutrodyne receiver use an input tuner that taps the antenna connection directly off the input coil? Most of them do it. frequency amplifier tube. This idea is carried straight through, using loose coup- ling in each pair of coils. In other aie each of the tuned grid coils is_ loosely coupled to the preceding plate (or antenna) coil.’ The antenna inductance is a 30-turn spiderweb coil and this coil is mounted on the bent end of a small shaft which can be turned by a knob so that the distance be- tween the antenna coil and the grid coil of the first tube can be varied. The arrange- ment thus becomes a small “Variocoupler”. This variocoupler and its controlling knob TOP AND REAR VIEWS OF THE RECEIVER is mounted inside the cabinet as it is not adjusted frequently. A pointer on the variocoupler shaft moves between two en- graved indications, namely “Soft-sharp” (when loosely coupled) and “Loud-broad.” (when closely coupled.) The R. F. Amplifier All of the coils in the set are of the con- ventional self-supported spiderweb type. After experimenting with various types of coils the conclusion was reached that these coils were economical and efficient, prin- cipally because of their smaller fields which decreased inter-stage coupling, doing away with the necessity of mdunting the coils at a particular “minimum coupling position”.’ 3. As we have said before, the whole question isn’t answered by making good coils. One must then see if these good coils do not become hopeless when used in the set. Frequently a poorer coil, with a more compact field, is the best one for the set. It is a knotty problem.

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22 QSsT T ls of the two R.F. tubes and he re all of approximately 112 is tuned by a variable con- they respond to the entire | of wavelengths, that is from ters. 3) en mentioned before the plate ind f the first radio frequency an e (the first tube in the set) is re that oscillation is not possible. Cor the usual scheme this coil is grid coil of the second tube However the coupling is ht so that the plate coil is so! fected by the tuning of the June, 1925 tubes are used in parallel in the second stage. This is necessary because a single tube would be overloaded when working with the energy represented by a signal that has passed through 4 tubes. The operation of tubes in parallel in this last stage results in very much more perfect reproduction than has hitherto been cus- tomary with these small vacuum tubes.* Shields and Connections The shield (see photograph) extends only across the radio-frequency amplifier and stops short before reaching the detector =——"F — an es [. Ps Nae { we 08; Shreid 7 RADIODYNE WC-12 THE CIRCUIT OF THE RECEIVER ireuit, thereby securing better he a waves than would possible. radio frequency transformer ire mounted on treated hard- These spools are mounted { mall micarta panels which also terminals of the coils and serve protect them from harm. Regeneration Control en stated, the regeneration of tube is under control of a vari- e in the tuned grid circuit. e is constructed so that its very smooth and does not in- ectional noises. The Audio Amplifier amplifier employs 3 of the im tubes but is only a two-stage The explanation is that two een over this ground, and having ) for several months, the Editor is his emphatically What's the profit | strip? not seem to be appreciated that the of a “C” battery is to protect the B’ battery. The market persists in Cc” battery as something designed to Ever-ready sell more batteries. This of the customary fact the best way to help these “olks use the “C” battery, then you will e “B” batteries. circuit. It is connected to the negative “A” battery terminal. The various terminals of the set are not crowded together but are distributed along a terminal strip which extends along the full length of the set.* Protection for the Little Tubes Trying to operate a 6-tube set using “one ninety nines” without a voltmeter is like trying to drive an automobile at night with- out headlights. A filament voltmeter is provided so that the operator may know at all times that he has exactly three volts on the filaments. To prevent “monkeying”, the filament rheostat is placed inside the cabinet where it can be reached readily by lifting the cabinet lid but is not a con- stant temptation to children and others who would turn up the tubes and spoil them. In addition to this, cushioned sockets have been used to give the tubes mechanical pro- tection and excessive plate currents have been forestalled by making provisions for suitable negative grid biases.‘ Form 772a of the Department of Com- merce entitled “List of Abbreviations to be used in Radio Communication” contains a complete list of the “Q” abbreviations used in both amateur and commercial work. These forms can be obtained from the De- partment.

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June, 1925 QsST Adjusting The Transmitter By John M. Clayton* O often we hear some fellow say, “I can’t make a Meissner outfit work at my station. The only circuit I can get to oscillate on 78 meters is a Colpitts, but the Hartley works splendidly on 80 meters.” We also hear that a Hartley circuit works OK in Louisiana but will not operate in Wyoming. The Meissner circuit, (which should work best in Germany Hi!) gives splendid results in many foreign countries and practically all of the U. S. only to fail in one State! If handled in- telligently any of the well known trans- mitting circuits can be made to oscillate satisfactorily on any but the shortest wave lengths. On the very short waves (less Pp + A F - c G ILLEGAL “n° “BE” -" At “A” we show a directly coupled circuit. This circuit is now illegal. The adjustment for wave length is made by varying the number of turns between clips A and C. The greater the number of turns between A and C the higher will be the wave. The filament tap F is usually set in the middle of the inductance and in general there will be more turns between A and F than be- tween F and C. The plate current to the tube will be largely dependent upon the ratio of turns in the plate P-F and grid G-F coils. The more turns you have in the grid coil, as compared the plate coil, the higher will be the amount of feedback and The the larger the plate current. wave DEVELOPMENT OF INDUCTIVELY COUPLED HARTLEY FIG. 1 than 5 meters) some circuits can be handled a bit more easily and are a little less difficult to put in operation, but any of them can be made to oscillate and put power into an antenna. The trouble is not in the circuit; either the apparatus is not handled properly or it is not designed for the particular circuit in which it has failed to operate. A certain circuit, for example, may require more plate inductance than your particular helix affords. You don’t add the additional turns, the tube fails to oscillate and the circuit is banned as one which will not work in your particular state or location. In connection with this article we have picked the inductively coupled Hartley cir- cuit. It is as flexible as any of them and with the right constants it can be made to oscillate at any wave length from the high- est down to 5 meters and less. There is nothing wierd or mysterious about any coupled circuit. In Fig. 1 we show the de- velopment of the inductively coupled Hart- ley from a conductively coupled circuit. * Assistant Technical Editor length is practically independent of any variation of the P and G clips. Any circuit to be oscillatory must have inductance and capacity and will have re- sistance. That is exactly what this direct- ly coupled affair has. The antenna-counter- poise capacity is the capacity required to make the antenna circuit oscillatory (this is represented by capacity C' of “B” in Fig. 1). The leads from the antenna and counterpoise to the inductance have in- ductance themselves and they also have re- sistance. So the antenna-counterpoise sys- tem can be replaced by a condenser and the cireuit (Fig. 1B) represented By Cl and the inductance between clips A and C will be a tuned circuit. By a proper selection of turns between A and C and a suitable capacity in Cl the circuit at “B” will be- come an excellent oscillator. On very short wave lengths this condenser C1 is not need- ed as the distributed capacity and distrib- uted inductance of the leads are sufficient to make the circuit an oscillator without anv shunt capacity as represented by Cl in “B” or the antenna-counterpoise capacity of “A”,

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24 QsT eration we replace the fixed y a variable condenser. This nt of the transmitter much sim} condenser is shown in the ire Here we have coupled the ante! interpoise to the oscillator rcuit) by means of an in- d [he inductance L1 plus the cap antenna and counterpoise hu it determines the wave lengt ndary circuit. If this cir- uit ance with the primary cir- cuit be absorbed from the radiated from the antenna. The tween L1 and L is variable i r - P Leslee) en Treme = to 75 Meters ¥Y COUPLED HARTLEY FOR LESS THAN 75 METERS _B s Tuan 20 METERS Cc FIG. 2 an -an be sharpened considerably by the proper value of coupling. W ve two tuned circuits. The pr t is tuned by means of con- nd the clips A and C and the June, 1925 secondary circuit is tuned to resonance with the primary by means of the clips on the inductance L1. We have two objects in mind when tuning a transmitter. The first is to get the maxi- mum steady output from the tube, and the second is to adjust for highest efficiency, that is the highest ratio between antenna— input and input to the plate of the tube. The maximum output is indicated by the maximum antenna current at a particular = -— TIGHT COUPLING FIG.3 wavelength. When operating the antenna below the fundamental, as is customary nowadays, the antenna current is going to be only a small fraction of what it is when operating at or above the fundamental, with the same power in the antenna. Decide on what wavelength you want to use and ad- just for maximum steady antenna current at this wavelength. The maximum steady output is usually not the hope of every ama- teur. We all, it sems, like to overload plate and filament, tighten coupling and do any- thing else possible to add an extra tenth of an ampere to the antenna current. The result is a floppy note which takes a mind reader and contortionist to copy. We know several stations that push a nice, steady, clean-cut signal into the headset with only an audibility one tenth of that produced by a lot of the other gurglers whose netes run all over the lot; the weak boys can be copied solid for hours while we can’t even get the sign of the loud floppers. In Fig. 2 we show three forms of in- ductively coupled Hartley circuits. In “A” of this figure we have a shunt condenser C2 across a portion of the primary Ll. This condenser is a necessity on the 150-200 meter band and is usually useful on the 75 to 85 meter band. Right around these wave lengths, however, there is a point where this shunt condenser ceases to be useful or desirable. The major portion of the inductance between the condenser clips

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June, 1925 will generally be above the filament center tap toward the plate clip. Also if there are a large number of turns between the grid and plate clips there will usually be a correspondingly large number of turns between the two clips which connect the condenser across the portion of the in- ductance. Below 75 meters the shunt condenser should be eliminated. The distributed capacity of the primary inductance and of Primary Primary p OEAD END Pp e F G DEAD END G DEAD END A B DEAD ENDS FIG. 4 the connecting leads furnishes sufficient capacity in shunt with the inductance to make the primary an oscillatory circuit. (Fig. 2-B). This capacity is so large that when we get down in the vicinity of 5 meters it is necessary to use variable stop- ping and grid condensers (Fig. 2-C) in order to keep the total circuit capacity as low as possible. When adjusting the transmitter first get the primary into action. Disconnect the antenna and counterpoise clips from the secondary and loosen the coupling between rimary and secondary as much as possible. he filament clip should be set somewhere near the midturn of the primary in- ductance (Fig 2.) Start with a lot of turns in the plate circuit, setting clip P about 8 or 10 turns away from the filament clip. Set the grid clip G somewhere below the center-tap clip G; say 4 or 5 turns. Turn on the ee A of the tube and adjust for proper filament voltage. If you have a variable source of plate supply, reduce the late voltage considerably below normal. ss the key and measure the wavelength with a wavemeter or by means of your re- QsT 25 ceiver. The plate current will be de- pendent upon the ratio of turns in plate coil to turns in grid coil. The higher this ratio the higher will be the plate current. Con- denser C2 controls the wavelength. The greater the capacity in C2, the higher is the wavelength. When using the shunt condenser a variation in the plate and grid turns does not vary the wavelength ma- terially, but when no shunt condenser is used (Fig. 1-B and 1-C) it will be neces- sary to shift both plate and grid turns at the same time when adjusting for wave- length as these adjustments are not in- dependent. The wavelength, when the shunt condenser C2 js omitted, is governed mainly by the number of turns in the grid coil. If the measured wavelength is lower than desired, increase the capacity of the shunt condenser or move the grid clip away from the filament clip. Conversely if the measured wavelength is too high decrease the shunt condenser capacity or move the grid clip in toward the filament tap. After you have juggled the grid clip and the shunt condenser until you are on the wave de- sired, couple the secondary (antenna) coil tightly to the primary. (See Fig. 3 for ex- amples of tight coupling). Connect the antenna and counterpoise clips to the secondary and tune the secondary to resonance with the primary. This is done by varying the number of secondary turns and the capacity of the series antenna con- Secondary Ll, Primary Lead End bead End Pp - «4 *CORRECT” A L, Primary dead Lead Lad Lad Pp FE G *iINCORRECT” B FIG. 5 denser, Cl. Resonance is indicated by the maximum deflection of the antenna am- meter pointer. Now bring the tube up to normal input by increasing the plate volt- age to normal and setting the plate clip P further in toward the filament clip, at the same time making any compensating ad- justments of condenser C2 or grid clip G to keep the wavelength the same. en the plate clip has been set at the point at

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26 whi wit QsT e current is normal finally | tuning so that you are rinal wave you started with, primary. nna circuit is in exact th the primary and the en the two circuits is very will oscillate very unstably oscillate at all. There are can be done to remedy Either loosen the coupling rimary and secondary or the secondary circuit. The t desirable. If the coupling and the circuits are in exact east change in antenna con- the circuits to go out of he tube will stop oscillating if the coupling is kept | the antenna detuned al- in happen to the antenna still oscillate. The an- detuned until the antenna ropped to about nine-tenths value. Some Precautions number of things which may In the first place the radio Lois 1 ! | Los | | = =_— | Cis C | | ! hes | | ] L pis ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY LLATIONS START FIG.6 kes should be kept as far away of the inductances as possible. st not be a honeycomb coil. uunk as R. F. chokes anyway. layer cylindrically-wound coil ird form. A choke consisting } turns of number 28 or 30 D.C. wire on a 2 or 2% inch tube is but the shortest wavelengths. Be- June, 1925 low 20 meters you will need a small choke consisting of about 20 turns of small wire space wound on a half-inch wooden dowel. Keep the choke near the plate terminal of the socket but at right angles to the field of the primary inductance. Also below 20 meters small R.F. chokes in series with the filament leads (Fig. 2-C) are desirable. These chokes should consist of 20 turns of No. 20 magnet wire space wound on a half inch form. A grid condenser having a fixed capacity of .002ufd. will be satisfactory for all wave- lengths down to 20 meters. Below 20 meters a small variable condenser is neces- sary. At 5 meters a 3 plate vernier con- denser is all that is needed. The only advice in regard to the grid leak is to start with a leak having a high re- sistance and as the tube input is increased, decrease the resistance of the leak. Start off with 10,000 ohms and come down in steps of 2,500 ohms. The grid leak may be con- nected directly across the grid condenser on the high wavelengths. At 5 meters and be- low the leak must not be connected across the condenser for the capacity of the con- denser is so low and the distributed capacity of the leak so high, the leak may be acting as the grid condenser! Connect the leak directly from the grid of the tube to the filament, with a small R.F. choke in series with the fllament side of the circuit. (Fig 2-C). This choke should consist of 30 or 40 turns of very small wire around a pencil. Try to avoid any unused turns (dead ends), especially in the primary inductance. They are not so terribly important in the secondary unless the natural period of the unused turns happens to fall within the tuning range of the transmitter, but in the primary they will play the dickens with the set. A standard R.C.A. helix should be cut into 3 sections, having an equal number of turns, to operate successfully on most of the amateur wavelengths. The sections should be independent of each other and, for the shorter wavelengths, at least, they should not be coupled to each other when not in use. All three sections in series plus a shunt condenser will be necessary for the 150-200 meter band. Two sections with or without a shunt condenser will be needed for the 75-85 meter band; the same two sections without shunt condenser for the 37.5-42.8 meter band and one section alone for the 18.7-21.2 meter wavelengths. For waves shorter than these a special helix having a small diameter and only two or three turns will be necessary. If you must have unused turns in your helix have the dead ends in the primary at one end of the helix (Fig. 4-A) instead of at both ends (Fig. 4-B). If you have unusued turns in both primary and secondary coils keep these ends away from each other as shown in Fig.

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June, 1925 5-A instead of toward each other as in Fig. 5-B. If the unused turns are toward each other it will be difficult to determine the correct coupling value between coils due to the high electrostatic coupling caused by the unused turns. It is possible for almost any circuit to oscillate at several different frequencies at the same time. The current generated at the higher frequencies may not show up on RFC Hy , “ ...the tube will oscillate at the grid Trequency instead of that of Lhe antenna” FIG. 7 any of the meters in the circuit but this high frequency oscillation is there just the same and it is taking part of the energy away from the fundamental oscillation and robbing the antenna of some of its power. In Fig. 6 we show a coil L together with shunt condenser C. This circuit will resonate at a certain ferquency. It will also be resonant at a frequency to which the condenser caused by the distributed capacity of the inductance and distributed inductance of the leads are tuned. At this frequency the condenser C acts as a short circuit (due to its high capacity as com- pared to the distributed capacity of the coil) and the inductance L acts as an open circuit. Hence there will be no current in- dication on the ammeter A, but the power in the short wave length will be there just the same. Care should be taken that this same condition does not exist to a harmfu! extent in your transmitter. The leads should be short and direct to minimize their inductance and they should be well spaced to keep the capacity between them as low as possible. If the grid circuit (Fig. 7) happens to have a natural wavelength near the wave length of the secondary circuit the tube will oscillate at the grid-circuit frequency, in- stead of the antenna-circuit frequency. Also, if the natural period of the primary helix as a whole is in the tuning range of the transmitter, care must be taken not to try to operate the transmitter on this wave. QsT 27 If the coupling between the primary and secondary coils is too close a variety of things happen. As previously mentioned the oscillation of the tube will be very un- stable. In addition key clicks will inevitably be passed into the antenna. Oscillations of two frequencies can occur. It is possible to adjust the transmitter so that the antenna current is high on a definite wavelength and then find that, on keying, the current in the antenna will fall off and the wave length may be shifted as much as ten meters. The remedy is obvious—loosen the coupling. See Figure 2 again. The dis- tance of one inch for helical inductances and 2 inches for spiral inductances is an ab- solute minimum. In general better results will be secured with even looser coupling than this. THIRD NATIONAL A. R. R. L. CONVENTION at CHICAGO August 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 1925. FELLOWS — Just a few more weeks before the National Convention. Are you getting ready to come. Every- thing will be held under one roof. Write to Wm. E. Schweitzer, Chair- man, 4264 Hazel Ave., Chicago, IIL, for your reservation. A MESSAGE rRam ' MARS .« CAN YOU RE‘D THE MESSAGE?

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28 QsT June, 1925 NRRL-A.R.R.L. Contact By F. E. Handy* r TFHEN the U.S.S. Seattle sailed San Francisco on April enth she carried with her itenant Schnell from A.R.R.L. Hi Just before her departure ers and receivers that had the continent were and put into active opera- ity, forty and eighty-meter first to get on the air. M Coast Amateur and Naval St “worked” from San Fran- f this work was done on for- ty \s soon as possible the one k tal-controlled transmitter w 7.2 and 54.4 meters was th transmitters are now in icToss nds several hours each day in ts with NKF. The work is edule. The wavelength and wn in advance. Schedules tly and so frequently that W tempt to outline any of them ; Between schedules a and communication is main- ateurs all over the country. ting the “Seattle” is at the On forty meters 1CMX, SALY, 2WB, 9XI, 6CGW, 6AWT, 6CMQ, 1PY, NKF, NPG, a2DS and z2AC have been worked at night. 5QP, 1UW, 2CJE, 4XE, 8CID, 2WR, 3EM, and 70K have reported hear- ing these signals. 7RL and NKF have worked NRRL since the 54.4 meter transmitter has been op- erating. 3AJD and 3EM report copying the crystal-controlled set. The best report, however, comes from g5NN who copied good signals on this wavelength April 26. g5NN is in London, England, some 7500 miles from the Hawaiian Islands. There are many indications that NRRL will have a worth while log to bring back with a record of hundreds of stations worked and heard. About two dozen amateurs are logged in an average watch at NRRL on the forty-meter band alone. When Schnell left Hartford he promised us that he would give us some strong sig- nals. He has kept that promise and it is possible for any of us to use a wavemeter with a single tube receiver and listen to some real long distance communication. Those of us fortunate enough to own transmitters can give him a call with a good chance of establishing communication if . _— ca a we a Th ~73 O54 hele ¢ During the first part rom San Francisco many West lulu. é teurs were worked. Thus far N 1intained consistent communi- ll parts of the United States. early to predict just what,may | of the different wavelengths. T ty of reports received from dif- f ms of the country indicate rty-meter signals are widely ibly because most of the listen- using that wavelength. ter signals from NRRL were 20 at 1 P. M. by c3HP of P ir, Ontario. At 3:45 P.M. the {DG at Schuylkill, Pa., copied N twenty meters calling 6XAG. 7 given is Eastern Standard and copied by 8BDG came over in ll the way. ¥ ff ‘Manager, A.R.R.L. “FS” and “WG” are not busy with a schedule. The history of NRRL is in the making. Every one of us can do something to make it a complete one. Everyone hearing or working NRRL is urged to send reports to the Naval Research Laboratory, Bellevue, D. C., and to send a copy of the report to League Headquarters in Hartford for our record. Please include the wavelength and time of reception and as complete de- tails as possible in your report. Another familiar “fist” will be heard pounding the key at NRRL. Just as we write this report an amateur radio mes- sage is received via 1XU “SANTA MONICA, CALIF 6AGK NR 1 TO ARRL HARTFORD CONN ORDERS RECEIVED NAVY DEPARTMENT DE- TAIL ME ACTIVE DUTY USS SEATTLE CON- NECTION NRRL STOP WILL JOIN IT HAWAII STOP INFORM 1XAM STOP END (Signed) WILLIS 6Ts”

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June, 1925 The message speaks for itself. Now we have two well known operators afloat on a battle wagon. The League is proud of NRRL and its operators. Next month we will continue the story of NRRL. Don’t forget to send us your report. 2AAY took a long list of stations heard and worked direct from NRRL. In the first eight days of operation every U.S. Inspection District was worked except the third and fourth. Stations in England, Australia, and New Zealand were worked in addition to those in this country. The report follows: April 13 to 23 (Two days out for sick- ness). Stations worked: 1CMX, 1PM, 2WB, 5AEC, 6AGK, 6AHP, 6ASR, 6CGW, 6AWT, 6BUR, 6CC, 6CP, 6CMQ, 6ZH, 6ZO, 7DJ, 7THP, 8ALY, 9XI, NPG, NQW, g2KF, z2AC, a2DS. Stations heard on 40 meters: 1CMP, 1AAC, 1AF, 1BYL, 10W, 1PL, 1PY, 1XAV, 1YB, 2AWF, 3AB, 30U, 4AU, 5ATX 5AK, 5BM, 5FX, 51M, 5NW, 6AGE, 6ANO, 6AWE, 6BAD, 6BBV, 6BCM, 6BMW, 6BQR, 6BVL, 6CDP, 6CIG, 6CIP, 6CFZ, 6CLZ, 6CQZ, 6CST, 6HM, 61M, 6JI, 6NO, 6QI, 6TS, 6UW, 6CEF, 6CGW, 6CMQ, 6NO, 60I, 7GB, 7GJ, 7MH, 7NX, 7TUV, 8DO, 9BHT, 9BJT, 9BMH, 9BRX, 9CAR, 9CAP, 9CIP, 9DAT, 9BAP, 9DED, 9DFH, 9DGX, 9DHH, 9DPX, 9DQ, 9UQ, 9XN, NKF, NERK-1, z4AG, ml1AA. RCC HOSE amateurs who were hams “back T in the dim ages before the war” remem- ber the nights when real friendships were made by wireless—when you felt that you really knew personally a hundred or more fellows all over the country. You knew them because you had actually con- versed with them by the hour. Working a station and saying “nil hr OM pse QSL crd cul 73” does not lead to those friend- ships—and yet that is the: kind of com- munication that the air is full of now Let’s have more real visiting on the air, more conversations, more message handl- ing—less calling of stations when we haven’t anything to say to them. In order to promote friendly conversa- tions between amateurs and to get away from these momentary contacts which con- QSsT 29 sist only of a request for a QSL card and “cul 73,” the Rag Chewers’ Club has been organized. THE RAG-CHEWERS’ CLUB How to get in: 1. “Chew the rag” with a member of the club for at least a solid half-hour. This doesn’t mean a half-hour spent in trying to get a message over through bad QRM or QRN, but a solid half-hour of con- versation or message handling. 2. Report the conversation by card to the Rag Chewers’ Club and ask the member station you talked to to do the same. When both reports are received you will be sent a membership card entitling you to all the privileges of a Rag Chewer. How to stay in: 1. Bea conversationalist on the air instead of one of these tongue-tied infants who don’t know any words except “cuagn” or “cul,” or “QRU” or “nil.” Talk to the fellows you work and get to know them. Operate your station in accordance with the radio laws and A.R.R.L. practice. 3. Observe rules of courtesy on the air. 4. Sign “RCC” after each call so that others may know you can talk as well as call. to How to get out: 1. Call a fellow and then say SN, A like, “Wl nil hr OM cul 72 . Call anybody if you are so dumb that you can’t make some conversation. bo 3. Fail to QSR promptly a single message —either by radio or by mail. 4. Call CQ for more than one minute with- out listening for answers or call CQ more than five times without signing. The following stations are already oper- ated by members of the R.C.C.: 1DQ, 10X, 10A, 1KP, 11D, 1XAQ, 1ES, 1MK, 9KW, 4JR, 2AFG, 1ASN, 1BAO, 2CRP, 9AEK, 8ZU, 1BHW, 8BYN, 2CPD, 2AFG, 3UT., 9BAA, 4VQ, 2EG, 2AFC, 3BVZ, 8AWS, 1VC, 3ZI, 3XAN, 2AEY. Additional lists of members will be published in later issues of QST. A complete file of QRAs will be kept for the information of members. Work one of these stations for half an hour and become a member. Address correspondence for the R.C.C. to Rag Chewers’ Club, care F. C. Beekley, 1KP, A.R.R.L. Headquarters, Hartford, Conn.

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30 QsT June, 1925 What Size Wire? By F. J. Marco* terature of the past year has amateur, the novice, and me cases the engineer, un- has actually investigated m self, in a genera] muddle st commercial size wire to ‘ least receiver inductances. A e very heavy wires were the the clumsy No. 12 Lorenz Pickard’s very excellent ar- 39 of Sept. 1924, QST and ber, 1924, QST saved a lot ling the street car company’s lley cable! onsiderations in view and unluckily (as it may be) problem of making some tuned circuit to have the lowest practical resistance within a reasonable value. Inas- much as usually three such inductances must be put inside a fairly small cabinet with considerable metal around and near the coils, diameters of over three inches were hardly permissible, for, although apparent- ly better on the laboratory table, large coils are sometimes much worse inside a cabinet. (Another boost for the breadboard receiver.) Double silk covered wire, ranging in size from No. 20 to No. 34, was used and a number of duplicate inductances, both tight and space wound, constructed. The appar- ent inductances at 550 meters were neces- sarily the same, 362 microhenries, thus mak- ing the wavelengths tuned at maximum ca- pacity, all the same. On the three inch COILS AND CONDENSERS USED IN MAKING THE MEASUREMENTS The numbers on the tags refer to the method of winding and the size of wire. hus T22 means “Tight 4 D.S.C.” wire. 250 micromicrofarads. f the way of correct sizes of wire receiving coils, the author a rather superficial bit of shown graphically in the graph and data herewith. problem was to design an in- ering the present broadcast to 545 kilocycles (200 to 550 a variable condenser of 250 mum capacity, the resulting Department, Bremer-Tully Mfg. Co., Chicago, Illinois. wound, No. 22 D.S.C.”, and The spaced windings are all made with spaces equal to the diameter The condenser is a Bremer-Tully type Lil, capacity at maximum set- 8-24 means “Space wound, coils, bakelite tubing, 1/16 inch thick and “blanked out” to form a seven ribbed skele- ton framework coil form was used, as is shown in the photograph. The two four inch coil forms, wound for comparison, were made of thin cardboard tubing. The method of measurement was the fa- miliar Bureau of Standards “Resistance Va- riation Method” which, although the subject of much adverse comment in recent months, really gives consistent and reliable results if due precautions are taken. The resist-

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June, 1925 ance values thus obtained are of course total circuit resistances, that is, coil plus con- denser (at the particular setting) plus me- ter resistance. By subtracting any two from the total the value of the third can thus be had. This is easy in case of the meter; we can assume its resistance con- stant over the spectrum but since no reli- able method of measuring radio frequency resistance of condensers has yet been de- veloped (except by comparing them with a standard of assumed “zero” resistance) we must call our ordinates “Circuit Resist- ance” rather than “Coil Resistance.” Since the same condenser was used in all meas- urements this was entirely fair and fur- nishes a comparison, at least, of coil resist- ance. It was necessary to use an efficient re- ceiving condenser rather than the labora- tory standard in order to get down to 200 meters (Minimum capacity of the standard is 50 M.M.F.). The resistance of the con- denser used was slightly less than that of the standard when checked, due probably to the necessarily low values of capacity used in the standard for comparison (Low on scale). In passing it is interesting to note that only a very small portion of the total circuit resistance lies in the condenser un- less a very poorly designed product is used. This has been stated many times recently and although the author hardly believes that “low loss is bunk!”, it is only fair to state that almost any of the better grade of “rod,” “strip” or “pillar” insulated con- densers when used with the same coil give very nearly the same circuit characteristics. The foregoing has been in the way of ex- planation to show objects and reasons; let us now proceed with the discussion. In Fig. 1, the numbers at each end of the curves refer to the size of wire used. Note that for a given frequency, sizes above No. 28 increase the resistance quite rapidly, while below this size the difference is not” so marked. At the lower frequencies the heavier wires are the best, as is to be ex- pected, but the other end of the curves tell a different story! For these particular coils, size No. 20 at 200 meters was some- what worse than No. 26 and No. 28: note how the curves cross. The other sizes fol- low in regular order. Even heavier wires are very poor at the higher frequencies, and better, of course, at the lower. A space wound four-inch solenoid of No. 24 D.S.C. wire is shown at “A” for comparison. Fig. 2, shows relative values for space- wound coils. These are not as much better as they should be, as the length diameter ratio gets rather bad for three inch coils of these values of inductance. Here we see that the heavier wires are better all over the scale, indicating that spacing has helped them a lot. The ratio of thickness of in- QsT 31 sulation to wire size, of course, has a mate- rial effect on the height of the curves. This is shown by comparing the resistances of No. 32 wire coils in Fig. 1 and 2; the tight- wound coil is actually better for.this size of wire. The increase of resistance due to 200 300 4 500. 550° oo WAVELENGTH /N METERS FIG. 2 greater length of wire, in this case more than compensates for the gain due to spac- ing. This is true only for the very small sizes. The No. 24 four-inch coil is slightly bet- ter than the No. 24 three-inch at low fre- quencies due to more favorable length diam- eter ratio, but becomes relatively worse at the higher frequencies due to greater dis- tributed capacity loss (voltage per turn higher). The No. 20 four-inch coil is worse at 550 meters (than the No. 24 four-inch) again because of poor L/D ratio—but is better at 200 meters for the same reason as be- fore. These latter coils, are, of course, to- tally impossible commercially but are mere- ly shown to improve the perspective of the situation. In summary, it would seem that for tight- wound three-inch solenoids to cover the broadcast spectrum with a 250 M.M.F. ca- pacity no practical advantage commensur- ate with commercial size would result in using wire larger than number 26 or 28 D.S.C. Considerable harm might result in using much heavier sizes.

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32 QsT I wound solenoids of small di- an ilentical situation No. 20 to 24 “ y be slightly better when limit. Whatever the case, x seems to be a far greater step lirection than does increasing v That is, for a given available

400 500 «= $50 WAVELENGTH IN METERS FIG.1 | finer wire, space wound, gives than heavier wire, tight wound. eads up to a matter which may be of practical importance but “A een bothering a few of us out me time. Why not rate our cir- e in averages over the broad- 1 rather than at some arbitrary is, merely take the average j he resistance curve between 200 eters and call this figure the Spectrum Average Resistance.” ire gives a far better perspective iation than merely saying, for ex- hms at 300 meters.” We do not urve is steep or flat, while the equals 8 ohms” shows relative ediately. Take the area under livide it by the base line, in other egrate it, and you have the This manner of rating coil, . or cireuit resistance was first by W. W. Harper of Chicago and ly logical and far more valuable resent method. Can it not be June, 1925 In order to compare the effectiveness of the skeleton coil-form a_ self-supporting solenoid, fairly efficient, was constructed, and measured. When the skeleton form was inserted, as a support to the coil an in- crease in resistance of about one percent at 200 meters was noted. At 550 meters the difference was impossible of detection. This is almost negligible, but, when a solid piece of tubing (not “blanked out”) was in- serted the increase was nearly seven per cent at 200 meters and tapered off to almost zero at 550 meters. So it is worth while! A heavy coat of “coil dope”—<(collodion dissolved in amylacetate) had absolutely no measureable effect on either resistance or distributed capacity of even the best of the inductances. On the contrary, when un- doped coils were allowed to stand several days in damp weather the resistance com- pared to doped coils was materially greater. All the coils herein shown when tested in a regenerative receiver gave, as nearly as the ear could judge, identical volume on distant stations but the selectivity thru lo- cals appeared to be slightly better with the lower resistant circuit. Now what does that prove?

Regarding That Long Wave Receiver N page 25 of the March 1925 issue O we described a long wave receiver which could be used to copy high power stations in learning the code. We have recived numerous requests for the cir- honeycomb Gil ANT

pen Cirewit Jack a mae TPS 1

cuit of this receiver in the so-called “pic- ture diagram” form and are presenting it herewith. —J. M. C.

On April 9th 3VX at Audubon, N. J., worked two way with z4AG on 40 meters. 8VX was using two UV-201-A tubes with 400 volts on their plates! F.B.

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June, 1925 QsT 33 The Navy-MacMillan Expedition By R. H. G. Mathews* NCE more amateur radio has an op- portunity and best of all in a proj- ect in which nothing but amateur radio could achieve the desired re- sult. Commander Donald B. MacMillan, whose last Arctic expedition made radio history with Don Mix and WNP, sails again for the North in June. This time the plan is more ambitious than that attempted by any previous explorer. : It is Commander MacMillan’s intention to explore that great unknown area of a million square miles near the pole to prove definitely or not if land lies within this area, and if there is land to find out some- thing of its characteristics. These things will be accomplished by two amphibian air- planes which will gooqmgeny the expedi- tion. Commander MacMillan is taking two ships, his little favorite, the Bowdoin, which he himself will command, and in addition the Neptune, a Scottish whaler, which will be skippered by Commander Eugene F. MacDonald, Jr., president of the Zenith Radio Corporation, who will also be second in command of the expedition. Radio will play an even more prominent part this year than last. Both ships will be radio equipped—the Neptune with reg- ular ship equipment and the Bowdoin with a short wave transmitter and receiver de- signed and built to meet those special con- ditions which are encountered in operation on the wave bands centering about 20, 40, 80 and 160 meters. This equipment was designed and built by K. E. Hassel and H. Forbes of the Zenith Laboratories together with John Reinartz of 1XAM who will ac- company the expedition as operator. The Bowdoin’s transmitter consists of a panel-mounted 250-watt tube with the nec- essary accessories connected in accord- ance with the circuit shown on page 33 of February QST. The circuit labeled “orig- inal circuit” will be used.’ Interchangeable inductances are provided to allow use of the various wavelengths mentioned. Losses have been reduced by the use of glass supports, proper placement of wiring and so on. The power for the set is supplied by a 32-volt storage battery charged by * Manager, Central Division, American Radio Relay League, 1358 Estes Ave., Chicago. ‘According to our latest information from the Bureau of Navigation, Department of Commerce, this circuit is definitely forbidden for amateur use. The Bowdoin is of course a special case and is per- mitted to use direct coupled equipment. Others should use the regular inductively coupled Hartley ciredit shown in page 13 of our March issue, the Colpitts circuit shown on page 14 of that issue, or else the circuit of 6TS shown on page 16. If it is desired to use the same circuit as on the Bowdoin, it must be inductively coupled as shown in the lower half of Fig. 1, page 33 of our February issue. a Delco gas engine generating outfit. A 32-volt motor drives the 2,000-volt D.C. generator which supplies plate power. The antenna is a 45-foot stranded gold plated wire running from the ship’s deck to the cross trees of the main mast. Pyrex insulation is used. In tests at the Zenith Laboratories in Chicago this set was operated under the call of 9XN using a replica of the Bow- doin’s antenna. The antenna current was about 2 amperes. Traffic Manager Schnell at NRRL reported strong signals 1,600 miles West of San Francisco when 9XN was operating at 40 meters. The set also reached New Zealand 4AG in daylight, being reported very strong and steady. Airplane Transmitters The airplanes are also radio equipped. The airplane transmitters demanded spe- cial consideration since it may be neces- sary to operate them after a forced land- ing when a wind driven generator would probably be out of commission. A small THE BOWDOIN, which again goes North with short-wave radio equipment. outfit has been developed which uses dry cell power entirely. These sets use a UV- 201-A tube and operate at 40 meters. These sets can operate with either key or microphone,

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34 QsT June, 1925 / ro. ; 21 9DXN 47 e3NI Re-broadcasting 22 9EGU 48 e9AL . y } 23 6ZH 49 6CDN pt will be made to retransm# = saxnstuR = WNP ne plane observ ers from the 25 2MU 51 6CGW pick them up in the United 26 4BY 52 NRRL St en to retransmit them for the n the usual broadcast wave- \mateur Communication Millan and MacDonald pass ree they will be in 24 hour necessitates the use of a J Twenty meters has been hoped that many amateur be equipped for communica- - Thoughts _ wave in order to insure con- *t with the expedition. ’ the installation of such Mr. Reinartz has been retained nyone interested in the con- a station suited to the pur- may be reached in care of the » Corpn., 332 South Michigan ial Wavelength Stations ry: \.R.R.L. Official Wavelength Sta- | hat have been appointed by D. C. Wallace and C. irre as follows: NKF 27 9ZA 1XAM 28 7GE-7ZX 6BQB 29 1IV BK 30 9EIB 5MN $1 7GQ AAL $2 2DS PAC 83 1BZQ wC 34 6BGM-6C VO XAX $5 2xI IMK 36 91G axc 87 7ACI 9x! 38 1ZL-1AVW 1CK 39 2CLA Aww 40 6ZE Zw 41 6TS-6XAG SAA 42 8GZ-8ZG SEQ 43 9BKG tAPV 44 6XAD-6ZW iXE 45 g2NM 5ZAV 46 6TI The number is now so large that every- one can use these O.W.L. stations to spot calibration points on wavemeters and tuners. As we have explained before— there will be no schedules, the stations will simply carry on their regular work on the 5, 20, 40, 80 and 150 meter bands, announc- ing the wave they are using at the close of each sending. For instance, 9ZT will fin- ish up. “ua 9ZT 76” or “u 9ZT 180” or “u 9ZT 42” This is not the same thing as the Bureau of Standards system, since there are no regular schedules and there is no attempt to secure the extreme accuracy that is pro- vided by WWV, 9XI and 6XBM. The O.W.L.S. can be depended on to 1% how- ever in most cases and 9ZT-9XAX checks them up regularly to see that their waves are correct. All correspondence regarding O.W.L.S. should go to D. C. Wallace, 54 Penn. Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. = === WwW V and 6XBM Schedules E have no new schedules from the W Bureau of Standards so refer those interested to page 34 of the March issue and page 21 of the May issue. New schedules will probably be printed next month. The prize for the cross-word puzzle was won by Robert E. Barrett, 1CRZ. Above is the correct solution.

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June, 1925 Qs T The Motional Impedances of an Electro- dynamic Loud Speaker By A. E. Kennelly * HIS article is virtually an abstract of a recent paper by Professor K. Kurokawa’ of Waseda University which, not having been published in Europe or America, has not had a full opportunity of being presented to English- speaking readers. Comments on the sub- ject have been however, added by the pres- ent writer. Fig. 1 is an axial section of the essen- FIG. 1 DIAGRAMATIC SKETCH OF ELECTRO- DYNAMIC LOUD SPEAKER tial working parts of the loudspeaker un- der discussion. A cylindrical electromagnet produces a nearly uniform strong radial magnetic flux in a annular air gap. A cylindrical coil C is suspended in this air gap, from the center of the diaphragm D. Telephonic alternating currents, being led through the coil, produce therein a vibro- motive force, which sets the diaphragm D in corresponding vibration. A horn, rep- resented in Fig. 2, is mounted over the aperture above the diaphragm. Impedance tests were made of the sus- pended coil, using the connections of Fig. 3. A triode oscillator supplies an alternating testing current of adjustable frequency at S, to the Rayleigh bridge of equal arm. A balance is obtained at each of a suitable number of impressed frequencies, first with the excitation removed from the magnetis- ing coil C’, and then with a steady exciting current, measured on the anmeter A. Sev- eral different strengths of excitation were used in different series of testa Fig. 4 gives the graph of damped imped- ance, or the impedance without excitation, using 2 milliamperes in the suspended coil C. It will be seen that the impedance graph is substantially a rising straight *Professor of Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1. “An Electro-Dynamic Loud Speaker and its Mo- tional Impedances’’ by No. 427, March, K. Kurokawa, Denkigakukai, 1924, pp. 1-17. line, making about 20° with the reactance axis. It commences at 9.2+j 1.4 ohms, for the lowest indicated frequency of 200.7~, and it ends at 10.7+j 7.5 ohms, at the COPPER | BRASS - ———++ = 165 63 4 355 +6 400 305 BRASS FIG. 2 HORN FOR | ELECTRO -DYNAMIC LOUD SPEAKER. i Dimensions in Millimeters — > 2 highest indicated frequency of 1412~. If there were no extra energy losses in the instrument as the frequency is increased, this damped impedance graph should be a vertical straight line. The free impedance diagram of the in- strument is shown in Fig. 5, using 1 am- FIG. 3 DIAGRAM OF CONNECTIONS FOR IMPEDANCE TESTS Cr pere of exciting current from the battery B, Fig. 3, with 2 milliamperes of alternat- ing current in the suspended coil, and with the cap over the diaphragm removed. As the impressed frequency was varied from 200.7~ to 1412—, the impedance pursued 35

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th shown, reaching the max- j f 203+-j 0 ohms at or near the “motional impedance,” ence between the free and ‘ s eo a tance. Ohms MPED OR STATIONARY IMPEDANCE THE VIBRATOR AC=2MA., T=19,0°C n Removed + + | | | | +——+——_+—__+ —_ + —-- + — 4+— + | | i \* a~ > i te So we WO Me Oe 80 200 110 esistance, OAims REE IMPEDANCE GRAPH OF RATOR DC=IAAC.=2MA 00°C impedance of the sus- t only for the one-am- of Fig. 5; but also for ; of 0.5 and of 1.5 am- e graphs are circles pass- he origin, and with their n the horizontal or resist- Che dotted circle indicates roduced by replacing the thout the horn, using 1.0 ext itation. e of an ordinary telephone th a stationary winding the poles of a permanent e motional impedance graph nearly circular;’ but the lepressed through an angle nly varies between 30° and this loud-speaker tele- Vibration Instruments” by A. E. w York, 1924. QsT June, 1925 phone, with its suspended coil, the graph is any one of an infinite series of circles, de- pending upon the direct-current excitation. All these circles have zero depression angle. Their diameters are respectively propor- tional to the flux-densities set up in the an- nular air gap, and if the magnetic circuit of the cylindrical electromagnet remained remote from saturation, they should be proportional to the exciting current strengths. In the case of one-ampere excitation, the results show that the four characteristic constants of the instrument were Force Factor A = 9.64 x 10° Mechanical Resistance to Vibration r — 479 Equivalent Mass of Vibratory system m 10.17 Elastic coefficient of Vibratory system c= 149.2 x 10° dynes per abampere (or C.G.S. unit of current) in the suspended coil. (An abampere = 10 amperes) @ynes per cm. per sec. grammes dynes per cm. displacement These are all real quantities, or are devoid of slope. As has been already observed, the force factor A depends upon the flux density B in the annular air gap, at the position occupied by the suspended coil. It may be shown that if a is the mean radius of the winding in this coil, and N the number of its turns, A—2aNB dynes per abampere ~ o bb ° Motional Keaclance, Ohms. © 20 4 60 60 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 Motional Resistance, Ofpms FIG.6 MOTIONAL IMPEDANCE CIRCLES CIRCLEA for 06.=0.44.C22M AandT=16.5°C CIRCLE B for 0.6 =/0AAC.=2MAand T=/9.0°C CIRCLEC forD.C.=/SAAC.=2M A andT=I15.5° C. DOTTEDCIRCLE for 0.0.=/0AAC.*2M Aand 7=/4.5°C with the dust proof cap.

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ee June, 1925 It will be seen in Fig. 6, that the fre- quency of resonance for the diaphragm and suspended system was close to 620— with the cap removed, and all three values of excitation. With the cap replaced, but with- out the horn, the broken circle shows that the resonant frequency was changed to 714—; while the diameter of the circle (for l-ampere excitation) was reduced from 194 to 160 ohms. Fig. 6 also shows how highly selective such a suspended system is to frequency in the absence of the superposed horn. The mechanical or motor power developed in the vibration of the suspended system, at any frequency, is simply I’r in watts, where I is the effective current in the coil in am- peres, and r is the resistance component of the vector motional impedance in ohms. Thus for heavy circle B in Fig. 6, with one- ampere excitation, the coil current I being 2 x10-" amperes, the resistance r was 194 ohms at the resonant frequency of 620—; so that the mechanical power expended in producing vibration at this _fre- quency would be 4x 10-°x 194 — 776 x 10-" = 0.000,776 watt. At the frequency of either 600— or 642~, the resistance com- ponent r on the same circle is only about 10 ohms, so that the mechanical power would then be about 4x10"x10= 0.000,040 watt. The acoustic power, or e 2 Nw a e . g 3s . & x $ & “SS Ss Ss S = /OA 2 Motional esistance, Ohins FIG.7 MOTIONAL IMPEDANCE GRAPH OF ELECTRO-DYNAMIC LOUD SPEAKER WITH HORN D.C.=1A, AC,=2M.A and T=17°C power put into emerging sound waves will be only a certain fraction of the total me- chanical vibratory wer, and the magni- tude of the acoustic efficiency cannot be discerned from the motional-impedance graphs. It would be reasonable to assume, however, that the acoustic efficiency would be nearly constant over a wide range of frequencies. QsT 37 We may infer, then, from Fig. 6 that in the absence of the horn, such a suspended system produces mechanical vibratory pow- er (and accompanying acoustic power) roughly in proportion to the direct-current excitation, except for magnetic saturation; also that a relatively large amount of vi- bratory power would be developed for reso- nant frequencies between, say, 614~ and 626—, and much less for the frequencies outside those limits. In other words, it would give relatively loud sounds near 620~ pitch, and relatively feeble sounds at frequencies remote from 620—, assuming both the direct-current excitation and the alternating current in the suspended coil to be kept constant. This selective quality of sound reproduction is associated with the mechanical resonance of the suspended system. Fig. 7 shows the effect of mounting the horn on the cap, retaining 1 ampere of excitaion. The motional impedance at 620— has fallen to 6.5 ohms, and the graph contains eight internal loops. Each of these loops represents a separate acoustic reson- ance, presumably of air columns within the horn. It is evident that the acoustic system, including the horn, has many resonant frequencies, none of which mark- edly preponderates. For the impartial re- production of sounds, the complex mo- tional-impedance diagram of Fig. 7 is man- ifestly superior to the simple circular dia- grams of Fig. 6. The motional resistance in Fig. 7 varies from 3 ohms at 500— to 1 ohm at 1100~, passing through 12 ohms at 660—. Between 550~ and 730—, it is not less than 5 nor more than 12.2 ohms. While, of course, an ideally impartial sound reproducer should have one and the same motional resistance at all acoustically use- ful frequencies, the effect of the horn is in this case to improve the behavior of the system as a vibratory motion producer over a frequency range. There is still much to be done before a simple and comprehensive theory of horns is worked out; but much can be learned of their acoustic behavior by a study of motional impedances. 6:40 pm. A LIGHTNING SWITCH

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38 QsT June, 1925 Steadying Our Notes By R. S. Kruse” rporating suggestions from 4GL, 1BHW, 5ZA, 2EB, also JN and ML at 2UD y y ITH the coming of the tube we ave found a cure for a large A’ rtion of the fading difficulty. However, the brother of fading : We call him “Swinging”, al nt have no abbreviation for it, 1 one, for swinging is getting ome every day. The reason for urd to see, but may as well be With ordinary tube sets we can amount of swinging. As HARD TO BELIEVE plate supply is not D.C. but e growls, commutator whines, tifier-hash or boiling-elec- fier-mush, it is not so vital to absolutely steady. These en the wave and make it easier signal despite minor swings. B wave-spreading noisés are be- ' ro out of use. Partly this is nary fairness demanded that the unhappy B.C.L. who lives block, and partly it is the re- nded trame P"Deeb — Me 2 To Grid Me.t THE TROUBLE WAS LOCATED discovery that a “real C.W.” ut” better than “almost C.W.” n of real “C.W.” sets is grow- r fluting is daily replacing the older type. With the use of Vv.” comes the need for making our steady, for the tremendous r “real C.W.” is lost the moment least bit off the wave for which r tuner is set. » year ago we were still willing to ire C.W. signal all over the tuner, Editor, QST. because it was still a novelty, but now when a signal starts to imitate everything from a tube to a piccolo we simply drop it and hunt for a steady one. The fellow that in- tends to use “real C.W.” will shortly find it necessary to take supreme care in keeping the wave steady in order to get amyone to listen to him. There seems to be 6 reasons for swinging C.W. waves as follows— 1—Swinging antennas 2—Poor connections 3—Poor insulation 4—Wavering plate voltage 5—Wavering filament voltage 6—Wrong keying methods 7—Overheated tubes Swinging Antennas It is not easy to keep an antenna steady enough in a wind. It is best to give a good deal of thought to keeping every part of the antenna as far as possible from grounded things or things of large size. Where some part of the antenna or the lead must pass near such a thing the wire has to be stretched tightly and kept so by the use of a spring or weight working on the hoisting rope. A cage top is much less given to violent “flopping” than is a flat top. A one-wire top is steadiest of all. (That’s the only virtue it has.) Poor Connections We always rave about good connections, but our sets do not live up to our talk. We do allow poor connections to exist. In the spark sets this made occasional fire- works but did no great harm. But in tube sets a poor grid connection or an arching plate-contact-spring in the socket will make the wave run around like a Japariese danc- ing mouse and produce about the same effect on the nerves of the audience. Our tubes are not beyond criticism, and the disreputable UV-203 especially needs to be watched, for it is inclined to develop loose connections inside and also between the base pegs and the wires that pass through them and are supposed to be sol- dered to them. The UV.203-A is enor- mously better. Poor Insulation It is hard to believe that insulation is n.g. when there is no visible flashover. It is hard to believe that one can take a battery- operated C.W. set (a true C.W. set) and key it with a key connected across the helix in series with a dirty antenna insulator, a 2-megohm gridleak or a foot of moist wood, Fig. 1. Yet perfectly good C.W. signals have been sent on test with just such ar-

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June, 1925 rangements. If the leakage through such things affects the wave, it follows that if these leaks are making poor contact they are causing the wave to flutter and the copying operator to swear. The cure is to eliminate the leaks; to use glass or well glazed porcelain for antenna insulation and lead-ins; to inspect the insulation of the set with the utmost care, and not to believe the wave is good till you have tested with a receiving operator who is honest rather than kind. A sooty antenna insulator, a moist helix frame, a forgotten pencil line drawn when the set was built—any of these things are capable of causing the wave to do queer things. It is hard to make insulation too good. While not directly in line with the matter of shifting waves, an excellent illustration of this is provided by a tube set using two UV-204 tubes which utterly refused to pro- duce an antenna current of more than an ampere although the plate supply was at 1800 volts D.C. After everything from the antenna insulators to the counterpoise joints had been inspected, the trouble was located in a terminal strip, which carried the two grid wires spaced about two inches from a ground post. This strip, Fig. 2, was made of the best grade of a widely known and trusted sheet insulating ma- terial, yet the removal of the posts to a strip of maple well boiled out in paraffin at once raised the antenna current to 6 amperes. Whether the trouble was due to capacity or leakage does not signify here— the remedy was to use good insulation and not too much of it. And paraffined wood is good! Even a properly insulated set and an- tenna does not stay that way. Perhaps your recent decrease in antenna current is not because the tubes are “going Repub- lican”, but because the dust cloth has been getting too much rest. Antenna insulators also do not stay good forever, even porce- lain needs replacing. Commercial operat- ing companies havé long been doing this, but we are slow in adopting the idea. If the antenna current is failing and the wave “wabbling”, perhaps it is not because the ground connection has corroded, but be- cause the city smoke and dust has been painting grid leaks all over the antenna insulators. They need a hearty scrubbing. The same remarks apply to the lead-in in- sulator and to any sway-guy or straining insulators in the antenna system. It does no harm to look at the strain insulators in the mast guys once in a while. QsT 39 Wavering Plate Voltage If the plate voltage of an oscillating tube 's changed, the emitted wave changes a trifle and this trifle may shift the tone in the copying operator’s headset entirely out of hearing. The plate supply should ac- cordingly be as steady as possible. If the plate voltage is obtained from a renerator it should be driven by a motor that is too large for the job. If the motor is small and the speed does change, the mat- ter can be faked up by such a contraption as shown in Fig. 4. Such things are noisy and troublesome if the motor is a large one, also the owner of a large M.G. set can afford more a perfect device—the shaft governor, Fig. 5. For a direct current motor which should be shunt or compound wound the governor is built so that the contacts are closed above a certain speed and the connections are made as in Fig. 5. Adjustments are as follows. A—Set the two rheostats so that a large part of Rl and a small part of R2 is in circuit and start the machine. B—Put the load on the machine and in- crease R2 until sparks at the governor con- tacts show that it is fluttering rapidly. C—Throw the load off the machine and adjust Rl until the machine again runs at the same speed with the contact “fluttering” constantly and without any “hunting” of the motor that can be noticed. D—tTest the adjustment by throwing load off and adjusting one or the other resistance till this does not vary the speed appreciably. Properly adjusted, this arrangement will also take@iqggre of a large amount of line L - Choke with taps or with lo Fil £ Plote moveable core. Adjust unt:/ tL aes motor speed does not cherge | when key 13 worked For 0.¢ So" Baee 2 Motor L 13 replaced by av rheostat ‘a + ee eg ae (“PH G i. x voltage variation. When used on a line the voltage of which is not steady the generator should be self-exciting or have a separate exciter driven from the same shaft. It should not be excited from the wavering line which drives the set. The same device may be applied to an induction motor in a somewhat more wasteful manner. The governor contacts are so built that they open above the desired speed instead of closing and the connections are made as shown in Fig. 6. The effect is to cut in series reactance above a certain speed. Since this connection requires handling the

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40 Q S 7 it may be necessary to equip with heavy silver key con- ta nstall a relay. If the motor is a t ree phase affair a corresponding relay contacts, pairs of relay reactances will be needed, and ecomes clumsy. Better get a big n the first place. lone all we can with the motor, the generator’s turn. The uld really be compound wound terminal voltage does not drop increased. If a shunt machine often possible to add series s over the shunt field coils, but membered this has to be done not at all; the insulation of m the rest of the windings al frame needs to be very care- fu r there will be destructive fire- the coil itself the insulation inusual, and ordinary D.C.C. size will answer. the generator it is a good idea | look at the commutator and the load is on. If they are properly the commutator needs and possibly the brushes need a voltmeter across the high rator is not steady the trouble g mmutator, brush rigging or al vinding itself. Oil on the com- n lirt in the neck of the armature d easily, but a damaged wind- ill for rewinding. utterly impossible to make the teadily, or if the generator can- Brush reareng on A Contact > A Governer contact ring 8 Spring end speed controlled brush Cc Shatt carrying Sand connecting ttle O 0 Siipring E brush F /rswleting Gllar © Main Shaft FIG § mpounded properly, or if we are ste power from a transformer- a line that is not steady—in are compelled to operate with late voltage—then we are com- use a tube circuit which will very little under these adverse That means a primary circuit here is @ fairly large capacity and small inductance. This isn’t a trick at 200 meters, but becomes | harder to do at shorter waves. June, 1925 For 200 meter operation the primary cir- cuit should have a capacity that is certainly not below .0005 microfarads. The larger this capacity is made, the less the wave length will vary with changes of the ap- plied plate voltage. At the same time the tube set will be found to oscillate more easily with a small capacity than with a high capacity; as it is easier to get the necessary plate and grid couplings where inductance is used. A compromise will have to be made by using a capacity somewhere between .001 and .0005. The next best method of avoiding the wabbling of the wave due to use of an un- steady plate voltage is to operate the set with a master oscillator and power ampli- fier, designing the master oscillator circuit along the lines previously suggested for the entire set. If plenty of power is provided in the master oscillator (that is to say about 1/3 of tLe power of the amplifier) and the capacity inductance ratio is kept up, the master will be reasonably steady. Since it controls the frequency the emitted wave will also be steady. Both of the methods suggested are com- plicated, and therefore the best way out of the business of unsteady waves is to secure a reliable and steady plate voltage supply. Wavering Filament Voltage As far as we were able to find out at 3ABI, the effect of an unsteady filament current is not to change the wave length very greatly, but to simply change the antenna. current. The effect upon the receiving op- erator is almost as bad, as the signal sounds as if it were fad- ing violently, hence it is very hard to copy. It is quite common to have difficulty with the filament volt- age dropping whenever the key is depressed. Several methods are possible to compensate for the drop and they have been decribed in previous issues. K.B. of 1BHW suggests that it may be an advantage to so adjust these compensa- tion devices that when the key is up the filament is burning about the same amount above normal. This should not detract greatly from the life of the filament if it injures it at all. It will, however, give the advantage that when the key is down the filament current is several percent above normal and the output con- sequently much greater, while at the same time the reduced filament current when the key is up serves to lengthen the life of the tube. is idea cannot be carried very far, since the effect will then be to introduce that Tension rut

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June, 1925 very filament flicker that we are trying to avoid. The simplest adjustment of all is, of course, that which is obtained by adjust- ing the filament voltage to normal when the key is up, then depressing the key and again adjusting until the Nee volt- meter stands at the same position. It & Spacing agjustment for fixt contact bess Gorenor Contacts x" | ( FIG 6 should then be possible to work the key up and down without having the filament volt- meter move, Tension Nut pring carrying vibrating contact hnsulating disc on shah Z Lime Keying Any keying scheme that causes key thumps is dead sure to cause an unsteady wave. Therefore most of our pet keying schemes are “out” and we had better start using the plans shown by Turnbull on page 39 of our July, 1924, issue. Our recent description of 9EK also car- ried some good suggestions. Overheated Tubes Some amateurs never seem to get over the idiotic notion that the biggest antenna current is the most important thing. Any- one suffering from this disease is bound to overload tubes, getting large and unsteady outputs. Put it down as a good rule that the wave is dead sure to be unsteady if the plate is more than dull red. As long as rotten plate supplies are used such unsteady waves can be read, but people are getting pretty sick of them—they’d rather listen to a low power but steady signal than to some wabbly, stuttering roar caused by a UV-204-A, a 6000-volt trans- former and a lad with more cash than co- déperativeness, The American Sales Agency, who have been handling a lot of amateur transmit- ting equipment, have moved their office from 38 Park Row, New York City to 21 Warren Street, New York City. ulID established contact with bz1AB, Rio de Janeiro on April 30th. meters and bz1AB on 40. ulID on 37% QsT 41 A “B” Battery Fuse HE fuse manufactured by the Chicago Fuse Company is an excellent item for the experimenter. It is intended to be used in series with the negative B battery lead of a receiving tube and pre- vents burnout of the tube filament in case the B battery voltage is accidentally ap- plied to the tube filament. A number of these fuses have been tested and all were found to give adequate protection to a UV201A tube when 22 volts were con- nected directly to the filament terminals, with the fuse in series. The fuse blew in- stantaneously, not even giving the tube a chance to show any heat at all. All fuses tested uniformly and all melted at a cur- rent of 200 milliamperes. The fuse proper is separable from the base, or mounting, and is a very neat look- ing glass enclosed accessory. In order to replace a blown fuse it is only necessary to pull out the bad fuse and plug in a new one. The device will not only afford pro- tection to receiving tubes but will also revent accidental short-circuits of the B atteries themselves. CENTRAL DIVISION CONVENTION (2nd Annual Hoosier State) under the auspices of Indianapolis Radio Club at INDIANAPOLIS, IND. July 10th and 11th, 1925. Indiana Hams, here is your oppor- tunity to meet each other face to face again. AND don't forget to invite the fellows from the neighboring states. Everybody in Indianapolis is plan- ning to give everyone the best time possible, so COME one, come all. Write to A. S. Burns, City Hall, In- dianapolis, Ind., for details and reser- vations.

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42 QsT June, 1925 Computation Charts By R. S. MacArthur” ~ UTATION charts are a well- wn means by which even quite plicated formulas can be re- i to a simple graphical solu- ich charts are shown herewith. rives the proper combinations f and capacity to be used for tu r various ranges of wavelengths, al Radio Co. the second is for the painless calculation of inductance coils. The Tuned-Circuit Chart The first chart contains scales of wave- length, frequency, inductance and capacity. The curve in the upper left part of the sheet can be used to convert frequency to wavelength or wavelength to frequency.

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June, 1925 To find the frequency corresponding to any given wavelength, start on the wavelength scale, follow the horizontal line from your wavelength to the left until it meets the curve, then follow down the vertical line to the frequency scale and read off the fre- quency. For example, we find that the frequency corresponding to 120 meters is 2500 kilocycles. 6000 kilocycles corresponds to 50 meters. To find the wavelength cor- responding to a given frequency reverse the process. Further uses of the chart can best be illustrated by examples. QSsT 48 Example 1:— Find the wavelength range of a condenser and a coil if the condenser has a maximum capacity of 500 micro-microfarads, a mini- mum capacity of 25 micro-microfarads, and the coil has an inductance of 40 micro- henries. Starting from 40 on the inductance scale go horizontally to the right until you meet the “C 25” (meaning 25 micro-microfarads ) curve, then go straight up to the sloping line “A” and then horizontally to the left until you meet the wavelength scale. We meet this scale at 60, and therefore know

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mum wavelength the circuit ; 60 meters. rt again to find the maximum e circuit will tune to. Start- rohenries again we go to the ‘ ve meet the “C 500” (500 micro- curve, then up to the line “A” : the wavelength scale as before. meters for the maximum wave- we have found out that the tune from 60 meters to 223 ve have used no mathematics il that will tune down to 25 a condenser whose minimum 25 micro-microfarads. the wavelength scale project intil you meet the line “A”, vn to the “C 25” curve and e left and read the inductance lue in this case turns out to nries. The Inductance Chart ss inductance calculator is Bureau of Standards formula | not repeat here. This formula : , to single layer solenoids (coils : Ww straight tube). greatly facilitates the “cut rocess of designing coils, as the 14 QsT June, 1925 trial designs can readily be checked and the effect of changing the design in various ways can be observed quickly. To find the inductance of a coil we must first know its diameter, number of turns, length of winding and number of turns per inch. Suppose that these have been found to be as follows: diameter three inches, length of winding two inches, number of turns 20, therefore the turns per inch are 10. First use the smaller chart to get the value of “K”. Go to the right from 3 on the diameter scale and at the same time go up from 2 on the length scale and notice where the two lines meet. In our example they will meet about halfway between the “5” line and the “.6” line, therefore the value of K is about .55. We are now ready to proceed. On the main chart start from the “Diam” scale at 3” and go right to the curve “B”, then down to the line “20 turns”, then left to the line “10 turns per inch”, then up to a place halfway between the “K .5” and the “K .6” line, and then right again to the inductance scale. The inductance is found to be 25 microhenries. Other coils are worked out in the same way. When a design is wanted for a coil which will -have a particular value of in- ductance a few such trials will indicate the final design. The Low Power Report [THOUT the blare of trumpets or the vaunting of banners the low- power work has carried on. The st below shows a number of in- omplishments. W the form of report requested in May, 1924, QST, on page 36, or else because the hand- writing in the letter was unreadable. Edwin Miller, 8KW is the star. Between March Ist and 14th he worked 29 different Plate Miles Trans. Stn. Rec. Dist. Tube Volt- M.A. Watts per Stn. Date Miles age. Watt Geneva, Switzerland 1PL Jan. 1 38800 ? 200 ? T T° Shrewsbury, Eng. IPL Feb. 15 3300 15.w. 250 9 1.9% 1700** Enid, Okla. 5AJH Mar. 24 300 20: 20 2.5 .05 6000 Buffalo, N.Y. 1YB Mar. 16 355 20la 60 10 6 570°** a - S9BPW Mar. 2 600 20la 50 8 4 1500 - 5XAU Mar. 3 1137 20la 80 15 1.2 960 7 “J 8BAU Mar. 9 320 201a 34 6 2 1500 Millerton, N.B., Can. g2NM Feb. 28 3100 202 300 40 12 258 Cottage Grove, Ore 7FT Feb. 7 260 202 60 5 3 870 _ = - 7FT Feb. 7 260 202 12 ? ? ? Kenmore, O. 6CGO Jan. 25 1687 202 160 3 48 3375 Attica, Ind. 9DMS 1% 199 7 ? ? ? Pittsfield, Mass. 1AZD Jan. 138 6 8-202’s 1.5 2 .003 2000 Salem, Ohio SBRD Dec. 14 260 201 120 ? ? ? East Grand Forks, Minn. 4SB_ Sept. 23 1525 60w. 80 9 72 2120 ceiving tubes. ** Mullard, 15w. input. *** Loop transmission. t 40 Meters er of our low power reports were ed in this paper for one of the reasons; because the transmitting 1 was a conductively coupled one, ere was no attempt to adhere to stations at distances between 300 and 1100 miles. All this was done with a 201-A tube using plate voltage between 34 and 90 and with no po greater than 1.7 watt. The circuit is shown in the diagram, Fig. 1. It

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June, 1925 is the usual coupled Hartley and helps verify our reiterated assertions that it is unnecessary to hunt for freak circuits. It is not necessary to use No. 14 wire: bell wire is of a good size and will be well spaced by its triple cotton covering; also it is much easier to handle. The condenser is one of the small fixed mica type used in receivers. If an antenna series condenser should be necessary it can be any of the ordinary receiving variable condensers. Mr. Miller did not stop with low power in the transmitting antenna, he tried it with a small loop. The circuit is shown with constants in Figure 2. In two days he worked 2WC, 1YB, 1II and 1CMX with an input never greater than three-quarters of a watt. The beauty of this sort of work is not only that the results, if any, are generally spectacular, but that the apparatus re- quired is inexpensive, easy to assemble and adjust. No resonance indicator is necessary in the antenna circuit. Stick the headset in series with the B battery and plate, jam the antenna coil close to the primary and, if an antenna series condenser is used, it is varied until the tube stops oscillating and starts up again. Midway between the points where oscillation stops and starts is approximately the resonant point. Then the coupling can be loosened until the set starts oscillating and the only indication of resonance is a click, or the antenna can be coupled closely and adjusted enough off tune to allow the set to oscillate freely. The latter will often be the better of the two adjustments, by the way. Of course you know nothing of your power unless you have both a voltmeter and milliammeter in the plate input circuit. A 25 milampere meter and a O-100 voltmeter are an excellent combination. However the voltmeter can be dispensed with where the usual B batteries are used as you obtain a very close approximation of their actual voltage by their ratings. Another thing useful in doing low-power work is picking out the proper time and wavelength for it. At one time the writer experimented with receiving tubes with B battery plate supply and found that best work and between 3 A. M. and daylight for results could generally be obtained in day- light for short ee work and between 3 a. m. and daylight for dis- tance work at night. The sole idea is to hit on a period when the air is least occu- pied and there is best chance for a weak signal to make itself heard. Pick out a wave that is the freest from RM, no matter which of the wavebands you work in. This is about 150 meters in the 150 to 200 band, and no particular wave in the 75-80 meter band. In this latter band it is a question of finding a time of the night or morning when there are fewest hams on the air. The QsT 45 work listed above was done, in the main, on the 75-80 meter band. Further reports on this low power work should follow the form of the above with the addition of the name of the town in which the receiving station is located. Re- Ant- /Wire 50’ long 25° high outdoor CPR -/Wire 30° long 30° high in attic. Qrection opposite to Antennas L- 70 turns Ne/4 spaced 2° dia. L,- S turns No 14 Spaced 3° dia i FIG.1 Ls two tums wound tightly around L, Loop ~ 3 turns $° Copper Ribbon, 54 to vide built for Broedcast reception Z Oscillatory Crreant same as 4ig./ LOOP USED ON 40 METERS FIG.2 ports covering plate voltage greater than 45 that have no information on the input in milamperes to the plate are useless unless extremely long distances are covered. Legi- bility in your report is as important as good work. How about it fellows? We lead the world in amateur high-power transmission, can’t we also lead them in low-power? [L. W. H. The Wouff-Hong trophy which is to be awarded to the best amateur station in the sixth district, Pacific Division A.R.R.L., should have a whole flock of applicants. The award will be made annually starting with the November convention in Santa Barbara. There are four points which will be used in judging the stations: Log (35%), Consistency of operation (25%), DX in miles per watt (20%), and rneatness and arrangement and percentage of ‘“home- made-ness” of apparatus (20%). J. Kenneth Bolles, our Head Ink Slinger and Manager of Current Radio Service has left. Jake accepted a position with three Baltimore newspapers for whom he will do promotion work. We all certainly did hate to see him leave. Good luck, OM. The new Publicity Manager who will take his place is Bill Murray. Meet him in the Who’s Who Department in this issue.

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16 QsT June, 1925 Short-Wave Low-Power Arc Transmitters By Samuel Cohen’ interesting to note an in- of amateur are transmis- e January issue of QST. It rly recollections of some of has been conducted by the hope of developing a con- irc transmitter suitable for ransmission. rtain difficulties that have been in the operation of the usual Cc PANEL OF THE ARC TRANSMITTER ter, it was impossible to work f generator at low power. this problem was attacked dur- development of the arc, it 1917 that a low-power com- L The arc converter itself consisted of two tungsten electrodes immersed in denatured alcohol containing 10% solution of aqua THE AUTOMATIC ARC CONVERTER ITSELF Below the panel can be seen the large electro- magnet that moves the upper electrode and the cor- rugated alcohol container in which the are operates. The magnet plunger extends up thru the panel and connects with the walking beam, the right end of which carries a plunger operating in a small dash- pot to keep the are from “chattering”. The upper electrode of the arc is provided with a clutch and with thumbscrew adjustment. In a home-made are much of this machinery could be omitted and hand adjustments used. The arc converter was an auto- The solenoid te ammonia. matically controlled one. 2 ie he rey 2 FIG 1 arc converter was successfully The final arc transmitter is the accompanying photograph. llustration shows the arc con- nd also a photograph of the arc dismantled. dent and Chief Engineer General In- C, the left is mechanically connected to the control lever through its core. The damp- ing dash pot is used to prevent the lever from rising too rapidly at the instant of starting, thus preventing the arc from being extinguished. With this type of automatic arc, it is only necessary to close the line switch and

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June, 1925 the are automatically adjusts itself by means of the solenoid adjusting magnet to the proper length for most efficient opera- tion. This length is maintained according to the applied voltage, and whether the voltage either increases or decreases the arc gap is maintained at its optimum posi- tion. The automatic regulating feature is a radical departure over existing general are transmitters, namely, critical adjust- ments and the requirement of a certain amount of skill on the part of the operator to obtain best results. With this type of arc, the same results can be obtained by any operator, as all adjustments are self regulated. The are transmitter herein shown and described was successfully operated on 110 L R A WIRING DIAGRAM FOR LOW POWER COMMERCIAL ARC TRANSMITTER volts direct current as the supply source, and with certain modifications signal transmission was accomplished on 225 meters. The short wave transmission was accom- plished by the utilization of harmonic cir- cuits in connection with the arc converter. The connections of the harmonic circuits is shown in Fig. 1, Circuit C,: L: being the QsT 47 fundamental of 900 meters, L. C: tuned to 450 meters and Ls C; is resonant to 225 EE « P THE ARC CONVERTER TAKEN APART meters. The antenna is coupled to Ls. A typical circuit used in the commercial transmitter is shown in the accompanying wiring diagram, Fig. 2, wherein three distinct wave- lengths can _ be secured with two variable coils and with a common con- trol switch. The circuit L, C, is tuned to the fundamental wave of 1200 meters, C2 while the circuit L: C: and the antenna circuit are tapped so as to tune 300, 400 and 600 meters. Editor’s Note For a home-made arc simpler construc- tion will answer. The tungsten points can be taken from spark coil vibrators, altho these will not last long. Larger tungsten points can be bought. It will be remem- bered that Mr. J. A. Willoughby’s arc (Jan. QST) operated with carbon electrodes, and these can be used here also, altho probably not as satisfactorily. Announcement of Midsummer Short- Wave Tests By the Traffic Department HE “gang” has signified that it wants some summer tests on short waves. Here they are! ! ! Here is that chance to participate in some worth while chance to participate im some worth while A.R.R.L activity. These tests are world- wide in scope. Every short wave receiving station and every short wave transmitting station in the entire world is cordially in- vited to take part. If you haven’t got a short wave transmitter and receiver NOW is the time to start building one. A few changes in your present transmitter and a little time spent in adjusting the circuit are all that is necessary for the twenty and forty meter tests. The five meter equipment may take a little more time and ingenuity. It will be well worth the trouble. The longest distance that we know of that has been covered by five meter signals is the distance from New York to Hartford. There’s a wonderful possibility that YOUR station will be the first to be heard on the other side of the world on five meters. Be- sides the opportunity to distinguish your- self in some spectacular and record break- ing work, there is a real purpose behind these tests.

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48 QsT Ou Tohn L. Reinartz has started us ome real development work. Hi ed this work in his article ‘T] n of Short Waves” which ap- pril QST. Since this article has been much discussion t. Some of us have not agreed his theory of radio transmis- eory is correct it means that right wavelength, suited to f day, we may cover any with absolute certainty low power. These tests wili ita on short wave transmis- Reinartz theory will be con- proved by sufficient new data. At ve shall have fresh informa- ‘ and it may be possible to -definite conclusions that will d red ng to give detailed schedules well as to make a first an- * the tests because we want friends in New Zealand and S a chance to do their part. Vv nsmitting and receiving sta- part of the world to join us which may contribute val- e to the art of radio commu- th the experimenter and the Dx participate to advantage. tates of 48 Hour Tests July Test on 38-42 meter band Jul = “ 25-26 - = u “ “4953 * © \L STANDARD TIME \ ; r., CST, MST. PST. daylight saving time send hour later than this sched- Restricted Period 0 1-1.30 AM ( 5-5.30 AM 9-9.30 AM 1-1.30 PM 5-5.30 PM 9-9.30 PM Free-for-all Period 1.30-2 AM 5.30-6 AM f 9.30-10 AM 1.30-2 PM 5.30-6 PM 9.30-10 PM Transmissions nitter may enter the free-for- h station is requested to use ed code word for identification. Headquarters as soon as the hat your station may be given its part in the tests. Your intermediate should be in- the test signal. “PVDMY June, 1925 PVDMY PVDMY TEST 2¢2SZ PVDMY” ete., should be sent during the period of transmission. Be very careful not to trans- mit during the restricted period of the next time belt. Adhere closely to your stand- ard time. It is requested that Official Re- lay Stations handle their traffic on the 75-85 meter and the 150-200 meter bands during the tests. Using the “five-point” system there should still be plenty of time left to devote to the tests. Transmitters for the restricted period will be selected by A.R.R.L. Headquarters. There will be a few good and powerful transmitters in each time belt selected for this work. They must be capable of put- ting a lot of power in the antenna, and of consistently keeping the schedule noted herewith. There must be no failure on their part. Foreign stations for this work will be selected by A.R.R.L. representatives in the different countries. Receiving stations may be readily built from information in past isues of QST. Be sure that your five-meter receiver is oscillating on five meters by using meas- urements of the standing waves with Lecher wires. If you are listening on six meters you will probably report “no sig- nals” consistently throughout the tests. Twenty- and forty-meter receivers are common enough. The bread-board type of receiver will be excellent for the purpose. A continuous watch for the whole period of each test is desirable. Two or three operators at each receiving station will simplify matters and a considerably “fat- ter” station log can be sent in. In your log state the time (local and GMT) call letters, code word, wavelength, note, audi- bility, and local weather conditions, for each reception. Make reports at the close of each test while the information is fresh. a reports July 20, July 27, and August rd. The proper procedure is to listen on forty meters during the two days of forty meter tests, to copy and LOG as many sig- nals as possible on the forty-meter band. Four hours later refer to the log and listen for THE SAME stations which you can find by referring to the log. Try to note — changes in signal strength from our-hour-period. We are anxious to know just when signals are strongest from a given station and when they are weakest. A half-hour transmitting period should give opportunity to hunt all the stations logged during the first period, check their signals and locate new stations. Stations sending tests are urged to keep note of the operation of their transmitter. Keep the wavelength constant as possible, be sure that the wavelength is steady and does not wabble all over the lot. Keep the power in the antenna as constant as pos- sible during the tests. Observe your time

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June, 1925 carefully and do not transmit except dur- ing the free-for-all period. When you send your code word to Headquarters, make note of the plate input power. Don‘t forget to report your EXACT wavelength. Send all reports to Traffic Department, 1711 Park St., Hartford, Conn. The value of the report depends on detailed informa- tion regarding certain stations. The in- formation contained in the report is gonig to count just as much as the quantity of stations logged. It is better to have a lot of information of ONE station than a long list of calls heard and no details of the different transmissions. Recognition will be given the best sta- tions transmitting as well as the stations sending in the best and most valuable New England Division Convention DJECTIVES fail us in trying to prop- A erly report the convention held at the Hotel Bancroft, Worcester, Mass., April 3rd and 4th, under the auspices of the Worcester County Radio Association. The first to arrive was that live “bunch” from Vermont, followed by that active Providence Radio Association, who can always be re- lied upon to be heard as well as seen. New Hampshire and Maine had good representa- tion, and Massachusetts showed its support by having the largest delegation of all. Promptly at 1.30 P. M., Friday, the con- vention was called to order by Chairman C. J. Green, who welcomed the delegates with appropriate words, after which the meeting was taken in charge by City Manager A. H. Carr. Under the direction of Carr this meeting proved of great interest to all those present, bringing out a number of discus- sions for the good of the Division. Late in the afternoon trips were made to the three Super-stations in Worcester: 1XZ, 1YK and 1BKQ. At 1YK Mr. Newell was kept busy calibrating Wave-Meters, and from the number that received his attention should make it easy for the New England “Hams” to keep within their wavebands. There was so much “Ham-festing” all around that it was all one could do to spare the time to get a “bite” of supper for fear something would be missed. The evening entertainment was so satis- factory that it filled the banquet hall: what with real comedy movies, R.C.A. “World- wide Wireless” film, Liars’ Contest, Cracker- Eating Contest, Stunts by Radio Clubs, etc., no one wanted to go to bed. Again the Providence Radio Association showed its versatility and won the first prize for the best stunt. Anyone who wishes to know how to handle traffic please write them. Hi! The day ended by a number of the fellows QsT 49 scattering all over the city to operate sets to their hearts’ content. For once the committee in charge had sympathy for the “gang” and did not start too early Saturday morning, and realizing that most of us would need awakening, the privilege of the fine Y. M. C. A. swimming pool was extended to the visiting delegates and taken advantage of by a large number. The greatest treat of all was in the after- noon when John Reinartz, 1XAM, talked for an hour and a half on “Short-waves” and the interest was so great that during al! that time one could have heard a pin drop. With the information given by Mr. Rein- artz, the New England fellows should be able to communicate with Mars on 5-meters. Professor Elliot H. White, of Dartmouth College, who is also Director for the New England Division, gave a most enlightening talk, and anyone present who does not un- derstand Ohm’s law now should quit the game. And what about Vacuum Tubes, fellows? Didn’t Professor Hobart H. Newell, of Wor- cester Polytechnic Institute, cover that sub- ject thoroughly? Let us hope he will find time to write a good article in the near fu- ture for our QST. This most interesting afternoon closed just in time for everyone to rush out and wash their hands, put on a clean collar and return for the Banquet, which started promptly at 6.45 P. M., with Dr. H. Eugene Watkins acting as Toast- master. During the “eats” that versatile amateur, Lee Bates, entertained us with his Radio Band of High Frequency Synco- pators, and you may believe it or not, this old reporter could not make his feet behave. Some very good remarks were made by Radio Inspector Butterworth, Reinartz, Hebert and Houghton, the later two rep- resenting A.R.R.L. Headquarters. After the dinner A. H. Carr, who has been super- vising the contests, began to act the part of Santa Claus by distributing the largest number of prizes we have ever seen at any convention. As a matter of fact there were so many that we lack the space to give the names of the fortunate ones. But we want to thank, in the name of the convention, all the different manufacturers for their kind donations. The closing event of the convention, and one which made a very strong impression, was the holding of a conclave to confer the degree of the Royal Order of the Wouff Hong on about 150 members of the League. The Worcester boys who did so well last year in Springfield again showed their his- trionic talent. It would be hard to equal their performance. Oh! by the way, we were forgetting. The Providence Radio Association obtained the convention for 1926. Start saving now, fel- lows. —A. A. H.

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50 Qs T Checking up Wavemeter Methods By F. Austin Lidbury* June, 1925 r has recently presented several hurry-up methods of getting rough wavemeter calibrations. Many © members seem te be under the impression that these methods are exact. Mr. Lidbury has made investigation te show just how far they can be trusted. 7 sestion of wavemeter accuracy ng to be of much greater im- tance at the extremely short than it was at 160 meters. ercentage of inaccuracy at 80 m ins twice the error in kilocycles resented at 160. At 20 meters 8 times as serious, at 5 meters es as serious and so on. After a the percentage error but the k ror that counts in practice. M is that as the lower wave-bands teurs will have to use a degree in such matters as they have to think about. refore important to review some irry-up methods to see wherein ’ the necessary accuracy and why Py tly a sending station is clear off ngth the operator thinks he is The Half-Wave Method hod proposed by Reinartz on p. ary QST is not free from objec- urse the scheme itself is alright a 247-W wavemeter and simply scale by whatever one wishes rk out at all accurately at low author stated that his wave- ked to better than 3% plus or . which is a total latitude of 6%. j : ror can represent a great change f y at the very short waves. My : ( V does not even do this well. The Resonance-Coil Method npt to use the resonance-coil meth- n page 28 of March QST gave results. It was therefore de- . easure carefully the relation be- A ndamental and harmonics for a f different coils to see if it was not hit upon a coil design that trusted. Where the Method Fails results which follow seem to put d out of the running as an easy librating with any accuracy. Its indicate that of the three coils 28 of March QST only the me- yne would give results near those f there were a definite best ratio ) diameter one might lay out a tructions that would work. In any were thought worth while, one Falls, N. Y. R.R.I Member Experimenters could give specifications for particular coils that would be usable if they were built closely to specifications. However, it is doubtful if this is worth while as the coils would have to be checked and adjusted separately and it is as easy, and more accurate, to calibrate from driver harmonics in the usual fashion. All this is opinion, the test results follow so that everyone may make his own de- cisions. The Tests The method employed was to set the res- onance coil near an oscillating receiver as described in the original article, finding the resonance points of the coil by tuning the receiver and watching a milliammeter in the plate circuit of,the oscillating detector. When a point was found the wavelength was determined with the aid of a hetero- dyne and a General Radio Precision wave- meter. Where the range of the driver (75-225 meters) permitted, the wavelength was de- termined for several different harmonics of the driver. This gave a high order of accuracy in the determination of the more remote harmonics of the coil. The accuracy may be taken as % of 1% except for the 5th harmonic which is accurate to better than 1%. In order to facilitate the zero-beat setting of the driver and the receiver an audio amplifier and loud speaker were connected into the plate circuit of the oscillating de- tector. The following coils were used: 1.—9%” long x 1%” diameter D.C.E. No. 30, on glass tube. 2.—The same coil as 1, but paraffined. 3.—5%” long x 2%” diameter S.C.E. No. 30, on bakelite. 4.—6%” long x 3 7/16” diameter D.C.C. No. 30, on ice cream container, paraffined after winding. 5.—4%” long x 4%” diameter D.C.C. No. 30, on heavy cardboard. 6.—3 3/16” long x 3 7/16” diameter D.C.C. No. 30, on ice cream container. 7—Same as 5, but with coil reduced to 4” length. 8.—108 turns Lorenz wound D.C.E. No. 30, 2%” long x 2%” mean diameter, 9 pins. 9.—Same as 5, but coil further reduced to 3%” length. 1Q—Same as 5, but coil further reduced to 2%” length.

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June, 1925 11—1%” long x 4” diameter, D.S.C. some- thing-or-other, probably about No. 26. This coil was taken from the secondary of an old Federal tuner. Tabular results are shown below. Coils are put in order of ratio of length to diameter, which appears to be the gov- erning factor. It will be noted, however, that the optimum ratio does not appear to fall at the same value for different sizes of coil. It was interesting to note how little the resonance points of coil No. 1 were affected by soaking in paraffine. (Coil No. 2.) Finally, observing the changes in coils 5, 7, 9 and 10, which are the same except in length, a coil was wound on the same form, 3%” long x 4%” diameter, D.C.C. No. 30. Its fundamental was 180, its 2nd harmonic 90, its 3rd harmonic 60.1, its 4th harmonic 45.1, its 5th harmonic (not determined to the same order of accuracy) 36.3. These figures correspond in the last table to 100, 100, 100, and 101 respectively; so that in QsT 51 harmonic of resonance coil on receiver as described in article in March QST. Some- what tighter coupling will now be neces- sary. Start driver again using higher pow- er and tune both up and down until squeal is again heard in receiver; driver will prob- ably now read at somewhat higher wave- length on wavemeter. If so, remove a few turns and repeat; if it reads lower, insuffi- cient turns have been used to begin with. Repeat this procedure until you do not have appreciably to change the wavelength of the driver in order to get zero beat with the receiver: whether the latter is oscillat- ing at the fundamental, or second harmonic of the coil. When both these points give zero beat with the same wavelength of driver, proceed to check the 3rd, 4th and 5th harmonics of the coil in the same way. If not more than 1% change in wavelength of driver is necessary, the resonance har- monics of the coil will be accurate to 1%. Example: A coil 4” in length was wound on a heavy cardboard form 4%” in diam- Percentages observed Coil Length Ratio of Harmonics to wavelengths of harmonics No. Diameter Funda- Fundamental bear to the theoretical ratio Ratio mental 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Ideal Cold ...ccccccccccecs . 500 .333 .250 200 1. 7 76.4 567 434 350 .302 113 130 140 151 2. Ze 76.8 .568 .424 .350 .804 114 128 140 152 8. 109.9 552 395 .308 .253 110 118 123 126 ry 1.82 160.9 543 378 .290 .243 109 113 116 121 5. 97 200.6 518 347 263 212 104 104 105 106 6. .98 108.1 492 .330 .246 197 98 99 98 99 7. 89 188.4 509 341 255 .207 102 102 102 103 8. -79 58.3 475 306 ree. 6 95 92 ** ** 9. 72 166.7 487 326 243 o* 97 98 a7 es 10 556 139.9 465 .803 e°¢ ss 93 91 ** ee 11 812 63.3 424 lies ee ss R5 ** ** ** ** Not accurately determinable this case the harmonics are multiples of the eter. The fundamental wavelength was fundamental within the limits of accuracy 188.4. Wavelength of driver to give zero of the measurements. No attempt was made to build a coil of smaller diameter which would have this relation between its harmonics, though doubtless it could be done, if worth while. Method of Making Resonance Coils Wind firmly and closely a coil of some- what greater length than diameter, using No. 30 D.C.C. on a heavy tube. Start with 4%” on a tube of about 4” diameter. It is not necessary to use paraffin, though that would be desirable. Set up near os- cillating receiver, as described in March QST, Page 28, and find fundamental reso- nance point on receiver. *For anything like accuracy the use of milliammeter instead of ‘click’ will be found necessary; couple tke coil to the receiver as loosely as pos- sible. Set up driver some feet away and using low power tune driver until of the same wavelength as receiver is oscillating at; tune to zero beat. Read wavelength of driver by wavemeter. Throw power off driver, and find second beat with receiver set on second harmonic of coil was 192. Turns were removed until these two wavelengths coincided. Coil was then 3%” long. Fundamental was 180.0. Wavelength of driver to give zero beat with receiver set on second harmonic of coil was 180.0; for third harmonic 180.3; for fourth harmonic 180.3; for fifth harmonic 181.7 (setting of receiver for fifth harmonic is a little difficult, and it would be better not to use this point). These readings correspond oo following resonance points for the coil :— Fundamental 18.0 2nd harmonic 90.0 3rd - 60.1 4th ” 45.1 The slight divergencies on the 3rd and 4th are within the limits of error of the meas- urements. _ It will be understood that the beat note is between the wave at which the rceeiver is oscillating in each case and the funda- mental, 2nd, 3rd, etce., harmonics of the driver.

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2 QsT ils to go further down the be necessary to have a driver llating as low as the funda- coil in each case. Smaller must be used; a 2” or 2%” next be tried. Summary ral, the harmonic frequencies ils are not integral multi- fundamental frequency. se length is great as com- their diameter resonate at nger than %, 1-3, %, etce., ental wavelength. Experimenters June, 1925 3.—Coils whose length is small as com- pared with their diameter resonate at wavelengths shorter than %, 1-3, %, etc., of their fundamental wavelength. 4.—By building coils of somewhat great- er length than diameter, and removing turns between measurements, a point can apparently be found at which the harmon- ics which are usable for the calibration de- scribed in March QST, Page 28, (i. e, the second, third, fourth and perhaps the fifth) will correspond to %, 1-3, %, 1-5 of the fundamental within 1%. 5.—A method of making such coils is suggested. Section Report A Special Short-Wave Antenna By Greenleaf Whittier Pickard* y that the manuscript for my paper is safely in the hands printer—and the coil problem bsided to a safe and sane have one or two suggestions ep a member or so of the Section out of mischief for before the war, H. Beggerow following arrangement for a nna. This antenna consist of unequal lengths, one wire (A- jual to % the desired wave- he other (A-D) is made equal red wavelength. are impressed on the system f potential will occur at A and ( rts ai-b, and a:-b:, so far as : neerned, neutralize each other, B-D forms a simple linear the war is over let us see if i a more peaceful use for Ber- nna. First, let us turn it up- nd see how it looks. Now we yscillator D-C-B, onggiers by Lecher-wire-system A-B. This reuit will act as an oscillator ce, well separated electrically ly from the rest of the system, driving circuit E. The por- antenna circuit is a potential should be, it is at ground 10 meters only that low po- t of the circuit near A would be k, the rest being outside. At 5 vhole thing becomes quite small, keeps the radiating part of the away from everything. neer, Wireless Specialty Apparatus Now that we are down to 5 meters, a very pretty and timportant piece of researc awaits the experimenter; the determination of the plane of polarization of short waves at the receiving point. Radio transmission is a purely optical matter; we are merely working in the ex- treme infra-red, instead of the visible spec- trum, and the same laws apply. Our waves travel in the atmosphere, a slightly ionized gas, which from an optical viewpoint is merely a slightly leaky insulator or di- electric. This dielectric is subjected to two nearly steady fields; the Earth’s magnetic field amounting to about half a Gauss, and an electric field, which at the earth’s sur- face is about 1 volt per centimeter. Plane- polarized light waves, passing through a dielectric parallel to a magnetic field, ex- perience the Faraday effect, that is, the lane of popularization is rotated. Similar- y, plane polarization waves passing through a dielectric subjected to an electric field experience the Kerr effect, which is also a rotation of the plane of polarization.

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June, 1925 In a preliminary note’ Messrs. Nichols and Shelling have very recently pointed out that the Faraday effect may be very large indeed at certain transmission frequencies, turning the plane of polarization through a right angle at a rather moderate distance from the transmitter—500 kilometers for a 100 meter wave—and, when thus rotated, the usual modes of reception produce no signals. All that you men need to set up in a linear resonator, tuned to 5 meters and so arranged that it can be rotated, and find, with this simple piece of apparatus, the position of maximum reception, which is the angle of the plane of polarization in the arriving wave. The little detail of coupling this resonator with a 5-meter receiving cir- cuit I leave entirely to you; offhand it does not seem difficult.’ Before passing this suggestion along to a pigeon hole, the wastebasket or an ex- perimenter or two, I wish you would read the Nichols and Shelleng article, and let me know if you are in agreement with me as to the importance of the problem. McMil- lan had rather poor transmission to all points south; he was working near the north magnetic pole, and his waves went parallel with the earth’s magnetic field in all di- rections. When he goes up there again the knowledge gained by such work as I have outlined might be extremely useful. Propagation of electramagnetic over the earth. Joining the Experimenters Section For a number of months we have not printed the requirements for membership in this section. Many létters of inquiries have begun to come in, therefore we will re- peat. Absolutely the only requirements are an interest in experimental radio work (either receiving, measurement or transmitting) waves 'Propagation of electromagnetic waves over the Earth. Science, March 13, 1925, pages 288-290. ®2The R.F. transmission line used in the work of Messrs. Jones, Grignon and Hudd would serve here See their article in May QST QsT 53 and a willingness to concentrate on some particular problem or problems. The procedure when joining is simply to address a postal card, or better a letter, to “Experimenters Section, American Radio Relay League, 1711 Park Street, Hartford, Connecticut” stating that you wish to join. You will then receive the appropriate blanks. Please do not put anything else in this first letter. The details may be put in the letter in which your tren are re- turned. Rules Governing the A. R. R. L. Information Service 1. Before writing, search your files of QST. The answer is probably there Do not ask for comparisons between advertised products. 3. Be reasonable in the number and kind of questions you ask. 4. Put your questions form: A. A Standard Business Size stamped, self-addressed envelope MUST be en- closed. No stamp required from for- eign countries. B. Write with typewriter or legible ink on one side of sheet only. C. Make diagrams on separate sheets and fasten ALL sheets together. D. Number each paragraph and put only one question in a paragraph. E. Keep a copy of your letter and dia- grams. F. Put your name and address (NOT merely call letters) on each sheet. 5. Address all questions to Information Service, American Radio Relay League, 1045 Main Street, Hartford, Conn. 6. Please remember Rome was not built in a day. i) in the following 6LJ worked z4AG for two hours April 6th on 40 meters. 9ZT repeats this on April 11th. Soanum Mortuun

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QsT June, 1925 Skeleton-Frame Helical Coils By Charles Sprague Hazard, M. E.* } ’ ever-inquisitive amateur is con- nstantly on the lookout for any { ttle improved detail of construc- ' which will increase the range lectivity of his receiver. Radio have gone very thoroughly into tigation of the electrical losse. ir in each piece of the apparatus h the radio frequency currents on their way out of the trans- nd into the other fellow’s headset aker.’ facturers of radio apparatus have this or that article as “Low Lowest Loss” and even “No Loss”, when engineers develop a unit that a little more efficient there are no what is expected of them. Due to the va- rious angular positions of the wires in these coils, various conflicting magnetic fields are set up and the effective field of the coil is only the resultant of these crossed fields.’ The familiar helical coil wound on a skeleton frame has long been used for transmission and is\not entirely new in reception. However the amateur who has really dug into the theory of the elec- trical losses in his inductances will be in- terested in some of the newer forms of coils and coil forms which are refinements of the familiar helix. In Fig. 1 is shown the construction of a gilass-and-rubber coil form furnished in ! THE BRUNO SKELETON rds left in the dictionary with which be it. of the stance recent efforts to produce a inductance have centered irious forms of the old-fashioned web (Lorenz) coil. The idea be- ese coils was that by criss-crossing he coil could be made entirely self- ng, thereby avoiding the losses would probably take place in sup- f bakelite, fibre or the like. Engineer Bruno Radio Corporation, 300 treet, New York, N. Y. wish that the general arrangement of the e given as much thought. There are too ts that require the use of jointed wrenches ber screwdrivers—Tech. Ed. is another way of saying that it takes a | of wire for a certain inductance. This that the coil is big, its field spread out so as sde much of the other material in the set. hinge increase the resistance and the tendency i troublesome feedbacks and pickups. That, in s why the Tech. Ed. is inclined to believe ix or the torus. ich coils do not accomplish exactly COIL FORMS : The forms are furnished in the lengths shown and also in any other desired lengths. They are useful for both receiving and sending coils. various lengths (all of the same diameter) and suitable for either receiving or trans- mitting coils. The lengthwise members are of round “Quartzite” glass rod held in moulded rubber end rings. The inter- mediate re-inforcing rings do not touch the wire but fit inside the coil-form, touching only the glass rods. These re- inforcing rings are of thin bakelite-dilecto tubing.” A coil can be wound on these 3—In general it seems that bakelite-dilecto is much less desirable “or coil forms than is moulded bakelite, unless the latter has been loaded with some undesir- able filler or coloring matter. Some rather casual measurements seemed to show no effect whatever from bakelite-dilecto and even “moulded mud” tubes when they were slipped inside coils with a clearance of %” or more. The coils discussed by the author provide an even greater clearance. When the ex- periment was repeated with close-fitting tubes there was a very emphatic bad effect with “moulded mud’’, a smaller effect with bakelite-dilecto, and very little effect with a good moulded bakelite tube. We were much surprised to find that one “moulded bakelite’’ tube tripled the resistance of the coil—until we warmed the tube up and found that it was merely mud in disguise.—Tech. Ed

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ja- in tic of se ‘or in ho ‘C- n- its of in

June, 1925

forms just as easily as on the familiar oat- meal box, with the prospect that the fin- ished coil will be better electrically, espe- cially for amateur transmission at_ short waves and for the short-wave re-broad- casting. In order to determine in advance the winding needed for a particular wave- length we can make use of the familiar formulas. The inductance of the coil can be determined from Nagoaka’s formula: Inductance .03948 R?>N’*K in micro-Henrys =

b In this formula: R is % the coil diameter in centimeters. b is the length of the coil in centimeters. N is the number of turns in the coil. K is the constant that depends on the shape of the coil. - When the coil’s length is equal to the di- ameter K — .6884. When the coil’s length is twice the di- ameter K 8181. When the coil’s length is K .5255. To find the greatest wavelength to which the coil will tune with a given tuning condenser we use the familiar wavelength formula: the diameter Wavelength in meters 1.884VLC Where L is the inductance of the coil in micro- henrys (Found by Nagoaka’s formula or otherwise). C is the maximum capacity of the shunt tuning condenser in micro-microfarads. By the proper use of these two formu- las a coil may be designed for any given

AN R.F. TRANSFORMER WOUND ON THE “QUARTZITE” FORMS maximum wavelength. The minimum wavelength will depend somewhat on the shurt condenser used and somewhat on the covering and size of the wire in the coil.

QsT 55 In the manufactured coil several ad- ditional precautions have been observed. The windings are of wire covered first with cotton, to provide spacing between turns and then with silk to make a coil less af- fected by moisture. The binding posts

A COUPLER WITH A QUARTZITE FRAME The tickler is wound through a slot in the insulat- ing shaft and “doped” to make it self supporting. The insulating shaft prevents hand~<apacity effects. have been so spaced that there is ample room between terminals, removing any worry as to leakage between terminals and also making it materially easier to con- nect the coils into a finished set. Any metal parts near an inductance are (just- ly or unjustly) always under the suspicion of the critical radio public, therefore the metal parts have been made few and small and a special pancake tickler construction has been adopted in the case of the coupler.

Another good radio man “passes on.” A. L. Budlong, “Bud”, our Assistant Traf- fic Manager, and Miss Mildred Havican were married on April 25th. F!B!—The list of available and unengaged fellows at Head- quarters fastly dies out! By means of a portable transmitter the Coyote Amateur Radio Club of the Univers- ity of South Dakota broadcasted the details of the South Dakota State Basketball Tournament direct from the basketball court. Station 9XBP (a 100-watter) was set up in the building in which the games were played. A receiver was set up in the studio of WEAJ and by means of a simple code to indicate the various plays, the plays were transmitted almost instantaneously and broadcast by voice from WEAJ. 9XBP used their regular transmitter on 120 me- ters.

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i’ 56 QSsT June, 1925 Ringing Machine Radio Interference* By H. R. Fritz! have been numerous com- f interference with radio re- from telephone ringing ma- Such complaints are generally repeated instances have come radio receiving in the im- borhood of telephone offices le practically impossible on he noise introduced by the ne ne machine. g machines which have been r r the most of the interfer- eI the type in which the alternat- ing for ringing purposes is derived by ruption of a direct current fr .tteries or from rectified al- rent supplied by the local I iption of the current is ef- y a comutating device or by ng contacts. Of these two Ringer RFC ” aAG ™ 4 + Ringer povcrofarad \raecl B a + + Ringer REC — G one ’ t ge. nger \eKc/ i — D ty] rating contact anherragter , been the worst offenders, » using a rectified alternat- supply. , been a few instances of in- ym dynamotor and motor- f ringing generators, but are not in general use in ephone exchanges. This dis- the July 26, 1924 issue of “Tele- and Protection Engineers, South- phone Co. cussion is confined in the main to the vi- brator type of interrupter. On account of the abrupt manner in which the current is interrupted by the vi- brating contacts, the alternating ringing current wave contains frequencies which extends into the radio frequency range. These radio frequency currents are trans- mitted to the office wiring and out on the subscribers’ lines. From there they are transmitted into nearby radio sets by in- duction. The method which has been found most effective in suppressing interference is one in which the radio frequency compo- nents are prevented from being trans- mitted from the ringing machine into the office wiring or back into the supply leads. This is accomplished by inserting in the ringing and supply leads, immedi- ately adjacent to the ringing machines, a radio frequency blocking filter. As the interfering currents differ so greatly in frequency from the ringing cur- rent frequency, it has been found possible to use a very simple filtering arrange- ment. In all of the cases so far investi- gated, this filter has generally consisted of one or more radio frequency choke coils connected in series with each side of the ringing leads and occasionally in the sup- ply leads. The important point to remember is that the choke coils must be of the radio frequency type. A type of coil which has been found very effective is an air- core choke coil having an inductance of about four milhenries. For the great majority of cases a coil having from three to five milhenries inductances will prove satisfactory. In order to reduce the disturbed capacity between turns, the coil should be loosely wound. As the radio frequency choke coils are connected in series with the ringing leads, they must be wound with a wire of suf- ficient size to carry the ringing current without heating. For most small offices the coil should have a rating of at least 4 ampere continuously and be able to carry a load of two amperes for a short period of time. The total resistance of the coil should not exceed about five ohms in or- der that the voltage drop in the coil may not seriously affect the low-frequency ring- — of the machine. o specific radio frequency choke coil can be recommended at present but the manufactures of telephone equipment who also manufacture radio equipment, should be able to furnish a coil ving approximately the characteristics men- tioned.

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June, 1925 Q Attempts in the past have been made to use ordinary telephone frequency choke coils, such as are used in cord circuits and substation ringers, but such coils have not produced the desired results. The reason for this failure is that such coils have a high capacity between turns and act as condensers instead of inductances at radio frequencies. Experience with about a score of cases of interferencne involving almost every variety of ringing machine, has demon- strated that there is no single arrange- ment of choke coils and condensers that will prove effective in every instance. However, in all of the cases so far en- countered some arrangement has always been found which has effectively reduced the interference so that a receiving set could be operated in the same building with the ringer. For the purpose of illustration, four ar- rangements which have been successfully used are shown in the diagrams. It is not to be presumed that either or all of the arrangements shown will be equally satisfactory for all cases of inter- ference. Individual experiment alone will determine which is the best arrangement in each instance. Fig. A represents a vibrating type of ringing interrupter in which rectified alter- nating current, supplied from the local lighting circuit, is used. This type of ringer is very common and produces particularly vicious interference with radio receiving sets. It will be noted that one radio-fre- quency choke coil in each of the 110-volt supply leads and in each of the ringing lea was required to suppress the inter- ference. Fig. B represents a ringer similar to that shown in Fig. A but manufactured by a different concern. In this case two choke coils in each of the ringing leads and a bridging condenser of .25 uf. capacity was used. An arrangement similar to Fig. A was not quite as effective as the one shown. Fig. C represents a vibrating type of ringing interrupter for which the energy is supplied from a dry-cell battery. A choke coil in each of the ringing leads and a 2 uf. condenser bridged across the bat- tery leads were sufficient to suppress the interference. Fig. D represents a commutator type of interrupter supplied with energy from a battery. In this case two choke coils in each of the ringing leads and a .3 uf. con- denser across the battery leads proved most effective. In applying the choke coils and conden- sers to any type of ringer, it is of the utmost importance that this equipment be placed as near the ringer terminals as is thysically possible. Experience has shown that if only a short length of office wiring T 57 extends between the ringer terminals and the coils or the condensers, the interfer- ence still persists. (We understand that the Western Elec- tric Co. is manufacturing R.F. Chokes de- signed for the uses mentioned in this arti- cle.—Ed.) Reinartz Circuit Approved E are informed that the Bureau of Navigation, Department of Com- merce, has made a special ruling with regard to the circuit shown on page 37 of our May issue over the title “Hartley- Reinartz.” | mm HARTLEY-REINARTZ Under the name of the “Reinartz-Zenith circuit” this ruling approves the circuit mentioned for amateur transmission at all waves. The approved form uses antenna and counterpoise series condensers having a capacity not exceeding 50 micro-micro- farads. Reinartz says that satisfactory condensers may be made of two metal plates 2 inches square (4 square inches) spaced 1 inch apart in air. NKF reports working Australian 2CM on the morning of April 20th on 20 meters. The first 20 meter communication between the U.S. and Australia we believe. Announcing the arrival of a new junior op for station 5ZC, Frank M. Corlett, Junior who first called “QST” (but not CQ) at Beaumont, Texas on February 16, 1925. Congrats to both Franks. And a 10 pound brass pounder and loud speaker arrived at the home of Mr. and Mrs. A. H. K. Russell on March Ist. An OM, too! Change in International Intermediate E-Spain (releasing their present S which will probably be assigned to one of the Scandinavian countries.) L-Luxembourg. CR-Costa Rica. BZ-Brazil.

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Eee | Amateur Radio Stations” ry June, 1925 30T Ambler, Penna. f 30T has always been to make neat and commercial looking 1e time efficient. The station 1 and constructed by Mr. Irv- h, Jr., of Ambler, Penna. It is Mr. Smith and has been heard tently over a three to four radius. The best two way has been with z4AG. Over ive been received from Euro- within the last few months nna is a 50-foot cage with 50- id-in. Under the antenna and the ground is a 14-wire coun- ead out 100 feet across at the transmitter is directly under and is operated by remote con- supply is from a 3-K.W. spark rewound to give twelve thou- The rectifier is contained in a kept from freezing by two 40- -ontrolled by a mercury ther- 0/500-watt tube is used in the Inputs as high as 1500 watts ed, with the plate of the tube The entire transmitter with of plate transformer, recti- is mounted on a panel. Fila- plate supplies are run on differ- nes. The transmitter is con- the operating table through a relays. A small panel set in the ntains a toggle switch which h the plate and filament sup- 1 automobile cutout operates the ne and a telegraph relay which by three Dubilier .002 ufd con- used to key the set. With an input of 1 K.W. the antenna current on 200 meters is 8 amperes while on 40 meters 2 amperes is put into the antenna. As the radiation resistance is quite high these cur- rents represents quite a lot of power into the antenna. The receiver is the conventional low-loss type having a tuning range from 20 to 140 meters. A three stage audio frequency amplifier can be used with the receiver. Two antennas are available for reception. One of the antennas is a 600-foot Beverage wire and the other a single 200-foot strand. On good nights 30T says the European hams can be copied several hundred feet from the Magnavox.

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June, 1925 QST 4JE, San Juan, Porto Rico This neat looking outfit is owned and operated by Joaquin Augusty, Pershing Avenue, No. 25, Sauturce, San Juan, Porto Rico, and is the pioneer station in Porto Rico. The antenna is a six-wire cage affair 18 inches in diameter, fifty-five feet high and seventy feet long. Both a counterpoise and a direct ground are used. The ground wires are buried one foot and run in a fan direc- tion from the station. The original trans- mitter was a 10-watt C.W. set (directly to the right of the main transmitter). Using 10 watts 4JE immediately became famous. Since then the 100-watt panel transmitter has been installed. A motor generator is —— "SRR WE sat sas ‘ _ 4 i) 481 . 4 a used for plate supply, through a good filter. Starting box for the generator is imme- diately below the main transmitter. There are two receivers; one is a Grebe C-R 9 and the other a special “4JE” low- loss. A.W.E. 7-A power amplifier is wired in so that it can be used on either receiver. The General Radio wavemeter sits along- side the receiver so that received signals can be measured accurately and quickly. 4JE has over 1,000 reports of reception of his signals, including cards from Eng- land, Hawaii, Australia and Chile. His sta- tion is typical of a traffic handling station —everything arranged for best efficiency plus ease of operation. g2NB Newark, England rr HY : ’ ei: bie 4 AP ee ey ~— Station g2NB is owned and operated by Noel G. Baguley of Newark, England. The station was erected in December, 1924. The transmitter is of the vertical breadboard type and consists of one Mullard type 0/150 tube in a loosely coupled “reversed feedback” circuit. Plate supply is obtained from a high tension transformer feeding 1300 volts into a chemical rectifier. No filter is used as Mr. Baguley found that by carefully regulating the filament voltage, by means of a primary rheostat, he was able to get a note which sounds like D.C. The antenna is 35 feet high and 68 feet long, a 14-inch cage tapering to 8 inches at the lead-in, which is also a cage. The coun- terpoise is a four wire fan type 60 feet (Concluded on page 61)

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June, 1925 Additions to the Headquarters Staff y 1924 we told the story of all | iquarters gang. Since that time ive been five additions, meet them: Arthur L. Bud- long. Not half as serious as this pic- ture. Bud joined the gang in February 1924 as Editor of Current Radio, our newspaper syndicate service. He has grad- uated to Assistant Traffic Manager and is in charge of all Emergency Railroad work. Signs 1ASN i RUDLONG and hails from 1! Washington, D. C. \ it dizzy receiving circuits and ris. (P. S. Hates ’em worse w—see “stray” on page 55.— [. Clayton, ex 5ZL and now 1DQ, Little Rock, Arkansas. Joined the Headquarters gang on October 11, 1924. He is Assistant . Technical Ed and Editor of Current Radio. (Clayton wrote these “biogra- phies”—therefor his needs some editing. Anyone may well be envious of his his- tory in Amateur Radio—from 1911 to date. There’s too much to it to get it on this page but savy he was a director of the +t n 1920 and was Manager of the ! sion from 1920 to 1923. Clayton f first fellows to be run in the ho’s Who Department. See the 1920, issue. More details of his | public—life may be found M. CLAYTON ’ : Kd mn d.) ree of the Information Service L. W. Hatry, ex 5XV from Port Arthur, Texas. Hat signed up on September 17th, 1924 and his job is to answer stacks of correspondence on my receiver transmitter won't work.” Yes, he has freckles ga- lore and red (or is it auburn) hair. In addition to being busily engaged at L. W. HATRY his work he is also otherwise engaged. He signs 10X up here. As acting traffic Manager during Schnell’s absence with the Pacific Fleet we were lucky enough to get F. E. Handy from the Westinghouse peo- ple. Handy hails from Maine, origin- ally, and owned and operated 1XAH- 1BDI at the Univer- sity of Maine. He has been with West- inghouse for nine months in their : an 7 the Radio Engineer- ing Department at East Pittsburg. W. C. Murray came to us on April 13th of this year. He is the new Lord Po- tentate of the Ink Slingers and Man- ager of Current Ra- dio. Bill has had a world of newspaper experience both in New York and Hart- ford. He came from Boston many (but not so many) years ago. Married and has one youngster— a girl. Bill is not a ham yet but is open to conviction. W. C. MURRAY

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June, 1925 EWS has just come w nand at this writing that the C.G.S. Arctic, is go- ing north again this year and that the equipment for radio on the vessel will in- clude a short wave transmitter as used last year with such good results. At the resent time, the operator is not known ut he will be a prominent Canadian amateur in all probabilities. The set used last year was a 240-cycle I.C.W. equipment with an input of about two kilowatts operating generally on the waves between 125 and 150 meters. This year there is every likelihood that the waves of 80 and 40 meters will be used in place of the 125-meter band but 120 meters flat will probably also be used during the night time to communicate with Canadian amateurs, this being the Canadian special wave for the Trans-Cana- da relay route. The Arctic is expected to sail a little earlier this year than she did in 1924 and will probably leave Quebec before the end of June. Her voyage will take her over to Greenland and up to Ponds Inlet and all the other Mounted Police posts in the Arctic Circle. Regular schedules will be arranged and will probably be pub- lished in the July QST so that the st results may be had from the equipment. With the growth of 20- and 40-meter work during daylight the Arctic will furnish an excellent opportunity for daylight DX and it is hoped that very valuable results will be achieved. A few words in passing on the sub- ject of the all-Canadian -trans-Continental wave of 120 meters recently issued by the Dominion Government will be of interest. This is the result of the Wednesday night “prayer meetings” on 125 meters incorpor- ated last winter by the division managers in Canada. This has been so successful in getting the amateurs across the country on the air at a time and wave length known to all that the Government has honoured the custom by apportioning the special wave above mentioned to be used for this work only. Those of our foreign readers who wish to hear Canadian amateurs are advised to listen in every Thursday morn- ing at 5:30 Greenwich time. Reports of reception on this wave length by the va- rious stations concerned would be much appreciated. A last minute message from Bill Bor- rett at the IA.R.U. conference in Paris states that he is very busy and working nineteen hours a day at the conference and that he has practically no time to operate or to do anything except fight with the other delegates for his views. Full reports are hoped to be received in time for the next issue of QST. The following waves are authorized for use for the coming year by Canadian am- ateurs: 4.69 to 5.35, 18.7 to 21.4, 37.5 to 42.8, 75.0 to 85.7, 150 to 200. 120 meters is also authorized for Canadian stations operating across Canada and for inter- communication work between Canadian stations only. It is not to be used for communication with stations in the United States. I.C.W. and radiophone are re- stricted to the wave band between 170 meters and 180 meters. AMATEUR RADIO STATIONS (Continued from page 59) long and it also has a cage lead-in. The normal antenna current on 92 meters is 1.7 amperes. The receiver is a low loss tuner employ- ing Lorenz type coils, a D.E.V. low capac- ity detector and occasionally one stage of audio amplification. Since g2NB got on the air he has worked 142 different Ameri- can and Canadian stations in seven U. S. districts, 3 Canadian districts and Porto Rico. GHH1 at Mosul, Mesopotamia and every European country possessing an ama- teur transmitting station has been worked.

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Blair E. Estes, Guam, M. L. 2xi, Sju (7), 4sa, Sabn, 5ac, Sacl, Sapu, Satk, Sea, Sct, bev, Sew, Seg, bed, Suk, Szai, Gaak, Gabm, 6aeca, Gakw, Gaky, Galv, Game, Ganb, Garb, 6au, 6awt, 6axl, 6baw, 6bbo, 6bik, 6bir, 6bjl, 6bjn, 6bjx, 6bmo, bph, 6bpf, 6bra, G6bva, G6bve, G6bur, 6eah, 6caq, 6ebb, Gece, 6eeg, Geew, Segce, Gero, Gegw, Scgy, 6chl, 6chn, 6clu, 6clvy, 6em, 6eme, 6cemo, 6cms, 6eso, 6cto, 6cua, 6evs, 6dbh, 6dn, 6Gew, 6fy, Ghur, 6ja, 6jd. 6ip, , 6mp, 6maq, 6no, 6nx, Gody, 6oi, 6ua, 6ujq, 6ut (or 6ue), 6ve, 6vq, 6xi, 6xo, 6zh, 6zbt, Tabb, Tafo, 7df, kf, 7ls, 7mf, Tuj, Sbau, Sbda, 8pl, bji, 9efi, 9ce, Sdap, 9dqu, Yeu, 9ph, 5g0 New Zealand: 2ac, 2ap, 2ae, a, 4ag, 4ak, 4cm. Australia: 2ay, m, 2ds, 2gr, 2me, 2rq, 2ua, 2ww, Sha, 3ef. Navy: adv, nfv, nhv, ihk Commercial: ane, hva, ihu, Steffensen, Ehlersvej 8, Hellerup, Denmark. | laid, lajo, lajx, laki, lall, lana, laue, ibkf, Iblb, Ibpb, leab, Ice, Ici, ~, ird, irqo, lwl, lwy, Ixz, lyd, 12t, 2bim, 2bqa, 2bre, 2cel, 2cji, 2ens, leyw, 2fc, 2ku, 2tp, 2wr, 2xi, 3auv, a, Sbwt, Bea, Sedv, 3cjn, 3cn, 30q, 4tv, i, Sxav, 9dmj, nerkl, wijs. Canadian: ~ Zealand: 4aa. Australian: 2yi, 3bd, ika. Commercial: wgh, wir, wiz, Ipx. W. R. Burne, Thorold Grove, Sale, England. lear, laay, labf, lad, laea, laf, lagw, r, lajo, lajp, lajw, lala, lalr, lall, : laqm, lare, lary, lasu, lata, latj, awe laww, laxz, layn, laza, lazr, . Ibem, Iber, Ibdx, lbes, Ibgq, Ibhm, ibkq, Ibkr, lbpb, lbrd, lbrx, lbsd, ibvl, lbvs, lbw, lbz, lIbzp, lcab, lee, Ici, Ick, Ickp, Ickq, Iickv, ler, leri, lda, 1dl, lef, ler, lez, | ! ihn, lid, lii, Ike, Ikx, llw, 1lme, 1ml, : s, Ipl, Ipx, Ipy, lap, 1qs, lav, Ise, Isf, i |, Ixae, Ixam, Ixav, Ixm, ixu, Ixw, FH i, Iza, Ize, 1zs, Izt, 2aay, 2abt, 2aco, 4 ce, 2agb, 2agd, 2agi, 2agu, 2agw, 2ame, ; cy, 2azy, 2bbn, 2beo, 2bg, 2beg, 2bgo, , 2bo, 2bqu, 2bqw, 2brb, 2bre, 2bse, 2byw, 2cbg, 2cbl, 2cbn, 2ce, cee, 2egb, 2egi, 2chu, 2cje, 2ejx, 2eri, _ i) vj, 2evu, 2exe, 2exy, 2ey, 2cyu, 2dd, ; 2eb. 2eq, 2ek, 2gu, 2kg, 2kl, 2kn, 2kx, ¢ 2mu, 2pd, 2qh, 2av, 2rk, 2tp, 2uc, 2wr, t tab, Sabw, Sadb, Sadp, S3adq, 3ajd, : “0, Sbdo, 3bdr, 3bm, 3bng, 3bnu, 3bap, H a, Sbwij, Sbwt, 3cdl, 3edv, 3che, 3chg, Sewn, Sdh, Shh, Shg, Shs, 3hw, 3jl, le. 3mb, 3mf, 30q, 3o0t, 3av, 3wh, 3yo, ibx, 4eq, 4fs, 4fz, 4ig, 4io, 4jr, 4ku, fox, 4ag, 4qw, 4sa, 4ti, 4tj, 4ua, 4wn, t, Saqw, 5am, Bhi, 50k, 5mi (7), Srw, ei, Game, Gawt, 6bdm, 6cjc, Tbhkf, 8acm, Sago, Saly, Samr, Sapr. Saro, 8att, 8aod, Sbuk, Sbwg, Sebd, Scca, Seer, Sced, 8che, m, Sese, 8dm, 8doo, 8eb, Shsd, Ske, 8me, », Str, Suf, 8um, 8vq, 8xb, 8xp, 8xe, 9aam, bht, Sbhy, 9ejc, Ybma, Pbpb, Yabf, Idqu, ejt, Geld, 9on, 9va. Canadian: lar, lan, 2be, 2bn, Sal. Cuba: dz. . Z.: Aussie: 2ds, 3bq, 3yi Mespot: ghh. : June, 1925 Special: fi, Ipx, nkf, nerk, pox, wgeh, wis, kdka, wey. There is still room on my wall for a few cards. Am on 95 meters. Casablanca, Morocco, Africa. lajo, lall, laf, laja, lajg, lajx, lanr, lban, lbes, lbee, Ibv, lesw, lemp, lcg, Ices, ical, ldg, ler, Ifl, lid, imy, Itax, Ixf, lzt, 2amo, 2axf, 2aay, 2ag, 2ad, 2bv, 2bgi, 2bgw, 2bew, 2bm, 2bnu, 2bgg, 2bts, 2bss, 2bgu, 2evf, 2cf, 2exw, Zegu, Ache, 2clm, 2cvj, 2cgb, 2du, 2ds, 2eb, 2¢k, 2jw, 2le, 2mc, 2pd, 2rk, 2ta, 2ud, 2va, 2we, 2xam, 2xg, 3adg, 3ajd, 3bu, Sbdo, 3che, 3dbo, 3lw, 3nf, 30g, Sot, 3tf, 3tp, 4dapv, 4bg, 4fm, 4me, 4sa, 5ac, Secu, Ske, Sih, Snw, 5ose, Soyv, 5sd, 5Buk, 5Syh, Geug, Satt, Saby, Savi, Sabs, Sbdu, Sbfe, Sbt, Scwo, Scyi, 8cs, 8do, Sdie, 8dme, Sdoo, Ser, Seji Sepo, Sefz, 8fm, 8ke, 8nc, 8rr, Str, Svg, 9bwp, Ybed, 9dmi c2bg, nkf, mbx. J. R. Mohler, U.S.S. Litchfield, c/o Postmaster, San Francisco, California. Copied while anchored in San Francisco Bay, 8. 9, 10, 11 es 12 April. laa, laf, labf, lajx, lege, lcmp, Ipl, Isk, 2ach 2acs, 2acu, 2afs, 2cjb, 2erp, 2ewd, 2er, 2rk, 2ry, 2xaf, Sab, Sach Savk, S3ba, Sbnu, 3bqp, Sbva, 3bwj, 3bx, Shh, 3qt, 3wx, der, 4fm, 4io, 4ll, 4rm, 5af, faci, 5adz, 5aex, 5afb, S5agp, 5ahd, 5aiu, 5ahw, 5ame, 5apm 5bx, 5fh, 5eaq, 5le, 5ms, Sre, Sed, Svf, Sxau, 5zas, 6's too numerous, 7's too numerous, 8abl Sawj, 8bbp, 8bev, Sboe, Sbhoy, Sbqi, Sbrb, Sex, Schk, Sdnr, 8doo, 8gm, Sez, Ske, Sry, Suk, Svt, 9al, Sala, 9amx Q9axb, 9axq, 9bbr, 9be, 9bis, Sbka, Objk, Objz, 9bm, Ybof, 9bpm, 9bso, 9byg, 9caa, Scaw, Ycdo, YIcht, Ycia, YIcjt, Icks, 9elg, 9epm, 9cro, Sev, Sexx, Scyd, Ycyo, 9daw, 9dbz, 9ddp, 9ded, 9dic, 9dwy, 9ek, Yet, Yeiq, Yelb, Shp, Ylo, 9nv, 900, 9rw. Mexican: 1b, bx, 9a, oaaa (gv qra as Mexico City). Japan: laa. Naval nkf, nag, nerk 1. Commercial: wgh, kel. Canadian: 3acu, (3ceqv?), 3ni, 3ws, 4aa, 4ah, 4eo, 4fz, 4gt, Saf, 5Sba, 5bm, 5Sbz, Sef, Shp. April 14th z 2ac. IRR, Plymouth, Mass. England: 2kf, 2kw, 2nm, 2sz, 20d, 2jf, 2dx, 2ce, 2tf, 2wa, 2lz, 2wj, 2nb, 2kz, 2li, 2sh, 2rb, 2ko, 2fu, 2vw, 5mo, 5uq, 5qv, 5ab, Srz, 5bnn, 5aq, 5Sbh, 5pz, 5if, 5xn, Sba, 5sz, Gnf, 6td. France: Sab, 8dp, 8ca Sbf, Sgo, Stk, See, Sct, Sem, Sssc? Holland: onn, oll, onl, oba, pe-l. Belgium: 3ad, Sbn. 4yq, 4yz. Italy: Imt, leo, ler, Irg. Spain: ear2, ear6. Den- mark: Tec, 7bn. Mexico: laa, laf, 1-n, 1-x. Sweden: smxa. Porto Rico: 4je, 4rx, 4sa, 401. Cuba: 2mk, 2le. New Zealand: 4aa. Brazil: wis. 1HN, 92 Brookline Ave., Hartford Conn. 4ai, 4b], 4bq, 4bw, 4bx, 4by, 4cl, 4er, 4ea, 4eg, deh, 4eq, 4er, 4fs, 4fz, 4gi, 4gw, 4hr, 4hw, 4it, 4iu, 4iz, 4je, 4jk, 4js, 4ke, 4k], 4ku, 4lo, 4ma, 4mb, 4mi, 4my, 4nt, 4oa, 4og, 4pe, 4ph, 4pk, 4rm, 4sa, 4sh, 4si, 4st, 4sx, 4tj, 4tn, 4tv, 4tw, 4ua, 4uk, 4ul, 4xe, 5ac, 5ag, 5bj, bce, 5ck, Sct, 5dm, Sef, 5¢u, Shi, 5hi, Shy, Sik, 5in, 5ka, 5ke, Sih, 5ls, 5lu, 5nj, 50q, 5oq, 5ot, 5pv, Sad, Srv, 5sd, 5se, Sty, Buk, 5up, 5ve, 5wo, Swp, 5Sxa, 5x], 5aaq, Sabd, 5abj, 5Sacf, 5Sadh, Sado, Saeq, 5aex, 5afu, 5agq, Sagv, 5ahj, 5ahw, 5aic, 5baih, 5aiy, Saig, Sajm, 5Saky, 5alj, 5alr, 5alz, Same, 5amr, 5aot, 5apt, 5any, Sarb, Sarj, Sasb, 5ash, 5asj, 5asz, Satf, 5atp, Szai, 6Gac, 6ao, Gar, 6cc, Gea, Geb, 6ew, 6fy, 6ee, 6ji, 6ke, 6kr, 6lh, 6mh, 6ms, 6ne, 6nf, 6nx, 6ny, Gof, 60i, 6pl, 6rn, Gut, 6ve, 6vw, 6xi, 6zh, 6aao, Gafg, Gafh, Gafq, 6agb, 6Gagk, Gaha, 6aib, Gain, 6aiv, Gaji, 6Gajq, Galf, Galj, Galw, 6amm, 6aoc, 6aol, 6apw, 6ase, Gaur, Gawt, 6bad, 6ban, 6bdi, 6bge, 6bhw, 6bin, 6bir, 6bij, 6bka, 6blw, 6bni, 6bpf, 6bqh, 6bre, 6brf, 6bse, 6buf, Gbur, G6but, 6ecbb, 6eci, iv, 6cej, 6ceq, 6cfs, 6ege, 6ego, 6cgw, Schl, 6ceme, 6emi, 6emu,

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June, 1925 G6enl, 6erx, 6cto, Gess, Gewi, Gcyz, Gezx, Gxad, Gxat, 6xby, 7df, **7di**, 7dj, Tge, 7ij, Tku, Tia, Tir, Tis, 7mp, Tad, 7rw, 7uq, Tacm, 7afo, 7aif, Tais, 9be, Ick, Gej, 9ek, Yep, Yer, Yes, Yev, 9fj, 9fn, 9gs, Yhn, Yih, 9kb, 9mec, 9mn, Sof, Yon, Iph, 9qd, Yse, Yvz, YIwv, 9xe, 9zd, 9abf, 9abn, 9acaq, 9adk, 9adx, 9adz, 9afz, 9ahd, Qaim, 9akn, Q9aky, 9amj, 9amw, Yand, 9anx, Y%9a0o, Sapa, 9Yapm, Yarr, Yauw, Yaxx, 9Yazj, 9bed, 9bdu, 9bfi, 9bfp, 9bfx, Ybga, Bbht, Ybhx, Ybib, Ybis, Ybiz, 9bji, 9bjl, 9bkk, 9bkr, Sbmv, Ybnk, Ybob, Ybou, Ybpb, 9bph, 9bpm, 9bru, 9bva, 9bvi, 9bwb, Ybxj, Ybxt, Ybye, Sckb, 9cko, 9ebz, Yees, Yedp, Ycea, Ycfd, YIcfi, Icgm, 9eme, Seng, Scoc, Scof, 9epm, Ycpo, Yeri, Yesg, Yesr, Setg, 9eul, 9euo, 9evf, Bevl, Sexx, Yexy, Yeyk, Yezv, Odaw, 9dbz, 9ddg, 9ddk, 9ddv, 9ded, 9del, 9dev, 9dga, 9dge, 9dhb, 9dhq, 9dhr, 9diw, 9dix, 9diy, 9dke, 9dlj, Odiw, 9dmj, 9dms, 9dmy, 9dnw, S9dpj, 9dpx, %dru, Gdtk, 9dts, 9dun, 9duw, 9dvr, 9dvu, 9dwz, 9dxn, Odxw, 9dxy, Qear, 9eas, 9efw, Yega, Yegg, Yehm, Geht, 9eib, 9eji, Sejt, Yeld, Q9eli, Yell, Yelt, Sept. Canadian: 5ba, 5bge. Costa Rican: sj. Cuban: 2mk, ber. Danish: Tec. Dutch: onl. English: 2ee, 2kf, 2kz, 2mk, 2od, 5gf, 5Snn, Srz, 6gh, 6nf. French: Sab, 8bf, Seu, 8ssc. Mexican: in, laa. Spanish: ear6. IBIS, Claremont, New Hampshire (40 meter band only.) dau, 4bl, 4dm, 4du, 4pd, 4rr, 4sa, 4ua, 4xe, 5aah, Saaq, Sabn, 5aec, 5aeq, 5ags, Sanh, 5aqy, Saur, 5fv, Sin, 5is, 5Smil, 5nj, 50x, 5Sph, 5se, Suk, 5uv, Gage. 6agk, 6ano, 6bjj, 6bqb, 6bur, 6cft, 6efz, 6cig, 6cto, 6df, 6lj, 6oi, 6qi, 6ts, 6xbn, 6zd, 7Tmf, 7m], Tuv, Tuz, Sage, 9aij, ape, 9apm, 9axb, 9axx, Yayf, Yazr, Bbbh, Sbdw, 9bfp, 9bht, Sbib, 9bie, 9bmc, Ybmx, Y9bnf, 9bol, Sbpy, 9baqe, 9btf, 9bzg, Ycap, Iced, Yegk, Ieg_n, Scii, Scip, 9cjd, Yeml, Yemp, Ycoc, Ycsz, Yeva, Yeve, Gevr, Sdat, 9db, 9det, 9ddv, 9ded, 9dpj, 9dpx, YIdyy Geel, 9efz, Seih, Dell, 9mm, Ynv, Yqd, Yrz, Ysr, Y9sz, Sti Oxi, 9xn, 9zd, 9zt. 3VX, C. H. Jenkins, Audubon, N. J. (40 meters only.) laci, lala, lals, lams, lasf, latj, laxi, lbee, liber, lbig, Ibnl, lbak, lecp, lemx, lga, lhn, Ird Iso, ivd, lzt, 2aci, 2aey, 2bgi, 2cla, 2cpa, 2xi, 4bli, 4jr, 4rr, fua, 5Saah, Saav, 5abn, 5ac, 5aeq, 5alj, 5am, 5apu, 5apv, Saqy, Sin Ska, 5ls, 5nw, 50x, Gaoi, 6cjj, 6avi, Gbes, 6bur, 6cegw, 6cnl, 6ji, 6ui, 6ts, 6xag, 6xbb, The, Tmf, Tnx, Tuz, Saa, Salf, 8anl, 8aub, 8avj, 8ayk, 8bof, Sboy, Sbre, Sbyn, Scid, Scer, Seyk, Sex, Sdem, 8kw, Spl, Srv, Svx, 9aia, 9aud, 9ayi, 9ayk, 9bol, 9bht, 9bnf, Sbae, 9bzg, 9bzj, Scip, 9exx, 9deh, 9dpx, 9dqu, Yeak Qnv, 9xax, 9xi, 9xn. (Transmitter for North Pole Exp.) Oza. Canadian: 3en, 3ms, 3as. New Zea- land: *4ag*. (Best DX worked on 40 L.) Others: orz, agk, qra? pse, qsl, my, sigs. 3BNU, Bethlehem, Penna. ldl, 1ge, 11j, lve, 1xz, iIzt, laje, lazd, 1Ibbp, Ibhi, lbkl, 2bw, 2abd, 2ait, 2axp, 2bee, 2chu, 3td, Sud Saai, 3abh, 3apr, 3bmn, 3bwt, 4oi, 5ir, 5is, 5ph, 5zai, Seu, &fb, Sanb, Sbep, Sbev, Sbdv, 8bfe, S8bth, 9co, 9hn, 9mn, Yach, 9ads, 9agl, 9asv; 9bmh, YIcfs, Idwx. Canadian: 2cc, 3mv. 4DM, Burgess Isle, Bokeelia, Florida. laao, labf, ladn, laf, lajx, lana, laoc, lasv, lata, lbes, Ibv, lbzp, lecab, lemp, lepe, Icri, 1fd, thn, lili, low, Ipy, isk, Iwi, Ixam, lxu, 2aey, 2afn, 2axf, 2bfr, 2by, 2byn, 2cft, 2cjb, 2cjd, 2clg, 2ens, 2Zeub, 2exe, 2cyw, 2kf, 2tp, 22s, Sacf, Sapv, S3bco, 3bfe, Sbg, Sbip, 3mbs, Sbsf, Sbta, Sbwj, 3chg, 3ckj, 3sn, 3tr, 3xr, 320, 4bw, 4ch, 4du, 4dv, 4eh, 4eq, 4er, 4ez, 4fm, 4fj, 4ft, 4gw, 4hs, 4iu, 4jd, 4jr, 4jy, 4me, 4mi, 4pi, 4ac, 4ay, 4sb, 4sh, 4si, 4ti, 4tj, 4tr, 4tv, 4ua, 4uc, 4ux, 4vq, 4vs, 4wo, 4xe, 5aax, 5add, 5amg, 5and, 5aom, 5asb, 5atp, Sbp, 5ce, 5co, 5di, 5ka, 5lm, 5ir, 5ls, 5ni, 50n, Sph, Spo, Sql, Sav, Say, Sre, 5ue, Sup, 6afg, 6ceae, 6chl, 6ai, 6ts, 8acn, Sacy, Salo, 8anb, 8aow, Satz, Saul, 8awx, Saxg, Sbhau,, Sbed, Sbch, 8bd, Sbmt, Sbre, Sbwhb, Sbzt, Seck, Scft, 8cjp, 8emp, Scemw, 8cp, Sevh, Sex, Sdgl, Sdev, Sdkr, 8do, Sduj, Ser, 8jj, 8jz, kb, 8ks, Spl, Srv, Suk, &xav, 9abw, 9afz, Saud, 9avj, Sawu, 9bji, 9bna, 9bnp, 9eci, 9cfi, Bevo, Yevr, Yexe, 9exx, 9cyd, 9cezn, 9det, Oded, 9del, 9dke, Ydlw, Y9dou, Seih, Gek, Selb, Shp, 9xh, 92d, 9zw. Holland: onl, f8go0, f8ssu, ilco, ilmt, ilno, g2fm, g2fn, g2if, g2nm, QsT 63 g2sz, gipu, mlaa, mlaf, mlb, ml1j, milk, min, clei, e3bd, c3co, c3fu, c3mv. Cuba: 2mg, nkf, nfv, nal, nat (spark—hi). 5LG-58C, Alamogordo, New Mexico. *lalw*, lawy, lbsp, lcak, lIcpe, lga, lqm, 2gk. Sbnu, 3il, 30e, 3rs, 4eq, 4fj, 4fz, 4io, 4jy, 6aak, 6cuq, 6im, (mni others), Tabb, 7gy, 7li, 7Tnh, 8ah, S8apn, Sawa, 8btl, 8dgl, 8uf, 9ctd, 9dau, 9dyt. Canada: 3kqa, 4ac, 5go. Mexico: laa, laf, 1k, 9a. Miscellaneous: ch9te, q2lc, b3ad (QRA?) wis. Will QSL to any of above. 6ALV, 1926 Park St., Alameda, Calif. Canada: lei, 3ws, Sef. Mexico: laa, laf, 1k, (9a). New Zealand: l1dz?, 2ac, 4ag. Australia: (2ay), (2bk), (2em), (2yg), 2yi, 3bd, 3ef?, (S5be), 5bm? France: 8bn? Java: ane, nirx, qra? Indo-China: hva. 200 watts input on 82 meters, qrk? 7PP, 310 Ross St., Portland, Maine. laa, lajx, lala, lalw, Ibdx, lemp, Icpl, I1fn, lin, lqm, irr, lwa, 2aqgh, 2axk, 2bo, 2br, 2by, 2cee, 2cvj, 2dg, 2dn, 2gk, 2jf, 2me, 2mu, 2rk, 2wr, 2xi, 2xa, Sapv, 3bau, 3bnu, 3cc, 3ck, 3¢k, 3he, Shw, Sih, 3ke, 3ni, 30t, 3vh, 4dw, 4fz, 4gf, 4gt, 4ll, 4rm, 5aai, 5acl, 5afu, 5ail, 5ajj, 5akn, Saqf, 5aqu, 5aqw, 5asz, 5atu, 5ba, 5bl, 5ch, 5en, 5ceo, Sct, 5ed, 5fm, 5hi, Shu, 5if, 5ku, 5th, 5lr, 50x, 5rq, 5sd, Suv, 5Szai Sacm, S8acy, Saes, Sah, Saly, 8aqm, Saul, Sawt, Sawv, 8biu, 8bk, Sbzl, Scen, Scwu, Sezy, Sdal, Sdgv, S8dk, &fu, 8jq, Snu, Srv, Suk, 8uq, 8xe, 8zd, Szt, 9acq, Yadg, 9aem, Sagl, 9aim, 9arv, 9avj, 9bal, 9bhx, 9bkk, 9bkr, 9bnf, 9bpn, Sbpy, 9bru, 9cak, Ycaw, 9edn, Yedv, Yecfi, Ycii, Scit, 9cj, Yeo, Yepo, Yenb, Ycuv, Yev, Ycvo, Idaw, 9ddp, 9ddv, 9dg, 9dge, 9dhe, 9dkc, 9dmj, 9dmz, 9dqu, 9dun, 9dwx, 9dxy, 9eam, Seas, Yeep, Yejy, Yev, 9lz, Ort, 9xbp, 9zd. kdka, nkf, (mrre qra???) wegh. 7AJE, Port Angeles, Wash. (March 23 to April 23.) 40 meters: laac, Iban, lii, lpm, Ipy, Ise, 2bgi, 2bur, 2wb, Sbwj, 4rr, 5abn, 5jf, Ska, Saly, Savi. Sawk, Seer, 8cewk, 8ks, 8pk, naj. 20 meters daylite: lbdx, Ickp, lemp, lemx, low, Ixav, 1xu, lyb, 2mu, 2xi, 3apv, 4dm, 6agk, 6ajf, Gbve, Gcto, 6df, 6kf, 6ts, 6ui, 6xaa, 6xag, Sbuk, 8gz, 8Snb, 8xe, 9bdf, 9cip, 9cxx, 9dat, 9dbz, 9ded, 9zt, nkf. Canadian: 4cr. 80 meters—India: ane. New Zealand: 2ac. South American: Ir. Australian: 2bk, 2yg, 3o0t, 5bg. 8BDG, 102 Center Ave., Schuylkill Haven, Penna. (Daylight, 20 meters.) 4dm, 4sa, 4xe, 5aaz, 5and, 5xau, 6agk, 6xag, 9bdw, Scip, 9dpx, 9xax, 9zt, n-orz. Nrrl calling 6xag at 3.45 p.m. April 19, 1925. (Night, 40 meters.) 4za, 5and, Sasi, 5co, 5in, 5ml, Sty, 5vf, Gapk, 6cto, 6ceqz, 6im, Tgb, Tll, Safe, 9bib, Ybmx, Ycip, Y9cku, 9cuo, Sdvx, 9dwx, 9kd, 9uv, 9xn, clar, ce2cb, cen, esba, mlb—z-4ag—kel,—nkf. $EIH, Milwaukee, Wis. laac, laao, laap, laff, lalw, lams, lana, lars, lasy, lawe, lawy, laxa, Iibdn, Ibdx, lbep, Ibgt, lbhm, Ibnl, lbs, lbuo, Ibvl, lbzp, lecx, leu, Idg, ldo, Iga, ljm, Ilka, lke, lkp, Imy, Ipi, Ipm, low, ird, irr, Isw, luw, lwr, lyb, Izt, lzz, lxu, Ixz, lxam, Ixav, 2aan, 2abe, 2ach, 2acf, 2acp, 2adk, 2aey, 2af, 2afg, 2afn, 2amj, 2atf, 2awf, 2bee, 2bgi, 2big, 2bkr, 2btq, 2bur, 2bw, 2ckk, 2cla, 2clg, 2epd, 2etf, 2ectq, 2cty, Zeua, Zcub, Zevj, 2ewj, Zee, 2ex, 2fb, 2ku, 2id, 2mm, 2mu, 2rm, 2tr, 2qh, 2ud, 2wb, 2zv, Sach, Sacr, 3apv, 3auv, 3bct, 3bmn, 3bmt, 3baqp, Sbuy, 3bwij, 3egce, 3cjn, 3ds, 3gb, 3jiw, 3ke, 31], 3mf, 3mq, 30e, 3tp, 3tr, 3uw, 3vx, 3zo0, 4er, 4du, 4it, 4iu, 4iz, 4kl, 4oa, 4re, 4rr, 4sx, 4tn, 4tr, 4xe, 5acq, Sadn, 5adt, Sado, 5aec, Saej, Sagz, Sail, 5apu, Saqi, Saqy, 5arb, 5atu, 5Saur, Saux, Sce, Shu, 5jf, 5ka, Sih, 5nj, 5ox, Swy, 5zai, 5zas, 6ahp, Gakw, 6avj, 6bad, 6bhz, 6bmw, 6bur, 6egw, 6cto, 6df, 6fz, 6ji, Goi, 6qi, 6uw, 6ve, 6wp, 6xg, Tab. Canadians: leb, 2fo, Sabg, Saz,,8ec, 3en, 3fu, 3mv, 3nf, 3kq, 3xi, 3xx, 5g¢f, 9al.— nkf, nerki, nrrl. FM—9eih.—E. Hodson, Milwaukee, Wis. HIER, (5) 8S. Efemia 19, Milano, Italy. lalw, 1iblb, lemx, Icmy, Icri, Ika, Ipe, 1xj, 1xx, 2big. 2bjx, 2edv, 2cis, 2dd, 2hg, 2le, 2uk, 2wb, 2xi,

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on ee QSsT Ska, Slw, zo, 4ll, 4jy, 4tv, 4yz, Sabs, &xe, laf, leb, Suk. NKF qsa. KDKA: 15 qsa. Simons, Wellington Road, Lines, England. leu, led, lex, lii, 1fn, Ipl, Ixu, lams, lana, lare, larh, lasf, latj, 4. lcki, lekp, lemx, lini or lana, 2iz, 2to, 2we, 2aay, 2acp, 2agw, 2cje, 2eth, Sadb, 3apy, 4sa, 4tv, Snb, Sbuk, Scle, Stve, Yad, 9cu, 9dq, cep, 2epa, clar, c2fo. w. M. Dawson, 263 Wills St., Ashburton, N. Z. nly, March Ist to 25th, 1925.) lem, lemp, 2ag, 2by, 2ejx, 2le, 2rk, (kl, 4ku, 5atx, Sba, Ska, 5ox, 52a, bik, 6bba, 6bhz, 6bra, 6buw, 6bir, . 6chx, 6ego, 6ege, 6ces0, Sebb, 6dah, 6xad, Takk, 7afw, Tapo, 7df. 7mf, Tls, Sahy, Sakm, Saly, Sbnr, Sbch, 8czy, f, &xe, 9aio, Sdwb, 9dwx, 9bwu, Yev, wdian: lar, 4gt, 5go, Sba. Mexican: British: 2kz, 2lz, 2od, 2sz. Dutch (radio service govt. lab. Bandoeng, wave commercial: ket, kgi. Major R. Raven-Hart, Les Andes, Chile. lan. 28 to March 31.) 8. Feb. 8). tiy, 4ku, 4my, 5Sapu, Sev, 5ew, 5li, Sed, Seai, 6Gagn, Galv, Genl, 61j, Sacm, Mex.: laa, 1b. Alvaro S. Freire, 1AB, ‘ewalde Cruz 46—Icarahy, Nictheroy— E. do Rio, Brazil. March between 28 and 104 meters.) bf, laf, lalx, lape, lary, laxn, Ibes, ipl, Ixam, lxu, Irr, 2ag, 2agw, 2bac, 2ens, 2eub, 2rk, 2rm, 3ckg, 3mg, 4ku, Suf, Sxav, Syv, 9zt. British: 2kz, xz. French: 8&sm. Holland: Onl. eal, ad9, afl, af4, bal, cb8, db2, mal. Miscellaneous: weh, 2xi, nkf, pox, Ipx, ur, dl, kdka, kfkx. Carlos Braggio, . Buenes Aires, Argentine. bkr, Ibdh, laki, Ibes, leme, 2af, 2afp, Sot, 4eq, 4xe, 4my, *4tw, 4ua, 5ew, x, Sbph, 6nx, 6bip, 7ls, 8doo, Sgz, 2lr, tj, 9bm, 9dtk, Ort. Canada: *ldd, *3xi. 24 2ez, 5is, Gry. Holland: Onl. Leazes Terrace, Newcastle-on-Tyne, England. laen, laf, lafw, laid, lair, lakz, lana, ry, latj, lauc, laur, laxn, laxz, layi, Iban, r, Ibdb, Ibdh, lbdx, lbgq, Ibhw, Ibka, bed, Ibwx, Ibzp, leab, Icf, lefv, lepn, ida, Idl, ler, 1fd, Iga, Igk, lgs, thn, lii, Imy, Ipl, Iqb, Isf, 1Isk, Isw, 1sz, Ive, 1, 2aan, 2aay, 2aga, 2aif, 2alx, 2amo, tz, 2auc, 2azy, 2bae, 2beo, 2bg, 2beg. ba, 2bac, 2bu, 2bum, 2bw, 2by, 2edv, ep, 2cis, 2cjb, 2cjx, 2ecla, 2cns, 2cpo, revs. 2evp, 2ds, 2eq, 2fe, ig, 2ke, le, nw, 2tp, 2wr, 2wu, 8aic, 3aih, Sbay, Sbeo, a, Sede, Sedv, Sef, 3chg, Sha, Shs, 3jo, a taj, 4bq, 4bx, 4eh, 4eq, 4rr, 4sa, 4sb, 5amw, bSaay, Shz, Thd, Sacm, Sacx, Rafn, Saly, Sbit, Scbp, Sced, Schp, Sctk. Rdib, Sfu, 8jz, Str, Suf, 9arh, Saue, Sbbj, joean, Seip, 9emb, 9evs, Sdkv, 9diz, 9dmij, ell, 9xbp, wah, nkf, kdka. Canadian: fe, Sn Brazil: wis. Chile: 9te. b&. New Zealand: 4aa, 4ag, 4ak. Sha. Mesopotamia: ghh. Unknown: lg 8.8. “Ogentz”, 1850 miles E. Boston. ade, laje. talp. lama, lana. lanh, lapk, ibdt, Ibhn, Ibie, Ibjo, Ibtt, Ibvb, leab, ihn, Ike, llw, Ipl, Isw, Iwi, Iixz, June, 1925 Ixak, 2axf, 2bgg, 2bgq, 2brb, 2bsc, 2by, 2eqz, 2ety, 2evu, 2ewj, 2eb, 2gk, 2me, 2mu, 2qs, 2rk, Sade, Sadq, Saha, 3ajo, 3.nj, 3avk, 3bdo, 3bg, 3bjp, 3bmn, S3bp, 3bso, 3cgs, 3cjn, 3gk, 3hh, Sly, 3mf, Sot, 3sf, Szt. 4do, 4gw, 4jr, 4tj, 4xe, 5Sags, Saqw, Seca, 5Sse, Gahp, Gapw, Gauf, Gbot, 6cgo, 6ea, Ggt, 6ve, Tabb, 7mf, Sadk, Sago, Saly, Saol, Sbjv, Sbyn, S8ese, Ske, Spl, Str, 8vq, 8xb, Szy, 9aim, 9bed, 9bfg, bmx, Yeem, Seje, Sejy, Bevo, Bdet, Sdfu, 9dng, Yepz, Yep, Yoa. 3000 miles BE. N.Y.: lgs, Ixe, 2evu, 2cyq, 2rk, 3che. 8cjn, Gahp, Scse, 8eyl, 8vq, 9caj. F. N. Leverrier, A2BK, “Lorette” Wentworth Rd., Vaucluse, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia. laaj, lall, larq, lbes, ird, 2by, 2rk, Sbmu, Shg, Siw, 5afu, 5akn, 5asd, 5]r, 50x, Sph, 5sd, Suk, 52a, Gac, Gafh, Gagn, Gakw, Galv, 6anb, 6aoi, 6awt, 6bge, 6bmw, é6bnr, 6brt, é6bur, 6buw, 6cbb, 6ccb, 6ecy, 6cgo, 6cgw, 6chf, 6cix, 6emg, 6emu, Geqge, beso, Gcto, 6evi, 6ew, 6ewi, Sea, 6eu, 6ew, 6ip, 6oi, 6qi, Grn, 6ve, Gwp, 6zbt, 6zh, 7aj, Takk, 7df, 7fq, 7ea, Tij, Tir, 71s, Tuj, 8acm, Scewi, 8nb, Suf, Sado, 9and, 9bej, 9bhk, ‘Sbku 9cfi, 9evo, 9dmj, 9dqu, 9xi, 9zt. Canada: Sba, 5Sgo, 6bhe. Mexico: 1b. Java: ane, nkf g2BOA, Chiswick, London, England. Heard on 40 meters: laaj, laci, lacp, laf, laijg, lalk, lalx, lams, laow, lare, larh, latj, lata, law, laxi, Iber, iblx, lboq, Ibsm, Ibvl, leep, lemp, lemx, lecth, cu, leuj, lex, 1fn, liga, lii, lixi, lke, 1lkz, lmy, low, Ipl, lpy, ird, lyd, lxam, Ixav, Ixu, lyb, 2aay, 2agu, 2agw, 2awf, 2awg, 2axf, 2bgi, 2brb, 2bsl, 2eft, 2cje, 2ckp, 2cla, 2epk, 2cta, 2cth, 2ets, 2ecul, 2cyw, 2czr, 2id, 2mu, 2rjp, 2rm, 2we, 2xi, Sab, S3acf, Sadb, 3adp, 3apv, 3bmn, Sbta, 3bwi, 3kf, 30u, Sur, Svx, 4dm, 4sa, 4sb, 4ta, ‘axe, Sbau, S8biu, Bboy, 8bre, Sbrk, Semi, Sdau, S8dme, 9nv, 9zt, nkf. Canadian: lar, led, 2he, 2fo. Heard on 20 meters: lccx, lemp, ilxu, Sapv, 4dm, 4sa, nkf. John Hollywood, Red Bank, N. J. Daylight: 4cl, 4du, 4ez, 4jr, 4ma, 4qy, 4rr, 4si, 4ta, 4ua, 4vl, 4vq, 4xe, 5aec, 5aeq, Saqy, 5aur, 5fv, Sph, 5rz, 5sd, 5zas, 9afo, 9aps, Yauc, Yaud, Xbht, bie, 9brx, Yeap, 9efo, Segn, 9cip, Seql, 9evr, Yeyd, 9exx, . 9dlo, 9dqu, 9aek, 9eet, Seht, 9fk, 9kd, 9mn, 9nv, Ony, 9uq, 9za. Night: 6agk, 6ahp, bawt, 6bbv, 6egw, G6clv, 6cto, 6no, 6sf, 6ti, 6ts, 6rn, Tax, Tde, 7nx, 7si. Argentine: Ipx, Ipz. Bermuda: nerkl. Canada: lar, lco, laf, 2ax, Sabg. Denmark: Tec. Cuba: 2le. England: 2fm, 2kf, 2od, Sma. France: Sct, yz. Hawaii: 6ceu, nrri. Holland: onl. yA leo. Japan: ja2. Mexico: laa. New Zealand: Porto Rico: 4sa. Spain: ear2, ear6. Belgian 4YZ, Verviers, Belgium. laac, laad, laap, lae, laf, laig, lalw, laxa, laxn, layn, libes, lblb, Ibvl, lbzp, Icab, Icbg, lemx, Iere, leri, Ida, idd, Ids, Imv, low, Ipy, 1qm, ird, Irr, lew, lxm, 2aan, 2acf, 2adk, 2agi, 2avg, 2bet, 2bgd, 2bip, 2bim, 2bm, 2bsr, 2bum, 2buy, 2bw, 2byw, 2edn, 2ecdv, 2egi, 2enk, 2edp, 2ecty, 2exy, Zeyu, 2fz, 2ka, le, 2rk, 2wh, 2xq, Sadq, Savk, 3awu, Sbau, 3bap, 3bwil, 3cgn, Sckg, Skz, 3sm, 4er, 4iz, 4je, 4jy, 4k1? 4oi, 4ok, Babs, 8doo, 9awu, 9chg. 2AAN, 19 Marshall Road, Yonkers, N. Y. Gaao, Gadt, Gafg, Gagn, Garn, 6awt, Ghee, Gbkx, 6bhz, 6bur, 6edg, 6eqe, 6cso, . 6qi, Gua, 6wt, Tdd, Tia, Tis, Tua, Tvz, cbaf, cbbz, d7ec, fae, f8ba, Sfbf, Set, Sdp, 8fq, Sek, Sem, 8go, Srf, Ssm, Stk, Svaa, g2cc, g2dx, g2bz g2fm, g2fu, g2if, g2kf, g2kz, g2lz, g2nb, g2nm, g2od, g2sh, g2sz, g2wi, g5bv, g5ib, g5lf. gima, g5nn, g5pu, g5pz, g5rz, g5uq, s6gh, gthr, g6nf, g6nh, g6np, g6ry, gétd, g6uv, ileo, ilre, miaa, mlaf, mlb, milk, min, mix, m9a, npel, npb3, noba, noll, nonl, 74sa, rior, sear8, searé, sa wis, Ir, Mosul ghh. SAPG, Oklahoma City, Okla. All on 40 meters. laxa, layi, Ibep, lemp, tke, Imy, low, lpm, ird, Ixa, Ixav, Ixu, 2aay, 2adm, 2bee, 2bgi, 2brb, 2cb, 2ela, 2epa, 2g¢k, 2¢h, Sab, "Soke, 4cl, 4dm, 4pd, 4xe, 6agk, Gase, Gavw, 6aji, 6aip. 6bad, 6bjj, 6bur, 6eew,. 6cig, 6cto, Ghm, 6li, 6pa, 6Grv, 6ts, Pp 6xbn, 6zbn, 7nx, Tuv, Saly, Sapo, Sbau, Sben, 8bre, av. 8ebp, Sebi, 8dw, Sei, 8jj, Sks, nkf. Canada: 2fo, 3fc.

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June, 1925 The Publishers of # for statements The Naval Reserve 921 Pennsylvania Ave., San Monica, Calif. Editor, QST: “Any institution that develops self-reli- ance, self-respect, initiative, intelligence, ex- ecutive ability, and useful knowledge to large numbers of young men is peculiarly valuable and important to the welfare of the nation.” That is exactly what the Naval Reserve is! The aims of the organization are patri- otic, and in the interests of peace. It was organized for the maintenance of a body of citizens which can be depended upon in case of a national emergency. The requirements for enrollment are; (1) The applicant must be a citizen of the U. S. and must fur- nish proof of citizenship. He should show a birth certificate. (2) He must pass a physical examination. (3) He must be at least eighteen years old. The promotions and the benefits that the reservist derives from the force are in direct ratio to the efforts and the enthusiasm that he puts into it. Here in Santa Monica we have a very ac- tive and co-operative division. In addition to the yearly fifteen days cruise which re- servists may take if they desire, we take a week-end cruise to Catalina Island. These cruises are thoroughly enjoyed by all who participate in them. On these cruises we receive practical, constructive training in the elements of seamanship, and we usually spend not a little time in target practice. It should be borne in mind that every- thing is entirely voluntary. All that is re- quired is that the reservist shall fight for the country in the event of a national emer- gency. Attendance at drill, altho highly desirable is not compulsory. Uniforms and equipment are issued soon after enrollment. We are told that if sufficient A.R.R.L. mem- bers enroll in the Naval Reserve we will be given high frequency apparatus for experi- mental and instructive purposes. Here is a chance for the A.R.R.L. to put over the biggest thing we have ever at- tempted. Let’s go fellows! —Edw. N. Willis, 6TS Wavemeter Calibration SS Katrina Luckenbach, New Orleans, La. Editor, QST: I am submitting the following idea with the hope that it may be of value to the gang. QsT Communications T assume no responsibility herein by correspondents A much simpler method of calibrating a wavemeter is to take two points—obtained in the usual manner—and plot them on a piece of logarithmic scales cross-section pa- per, plotting wavelength against dial divi- sions. A straight line thru these points will give a curve from which the wave- length can easily be read for any condenser setting, providing the condenser is of the straight capacity line type. (Note—The idea is absolutely no good unless the plates of the condenser are of the shape mentioned —Asst. Tech. Ed). The accuracy of this method should be sufficient for the trans- mitting amateur, though I have not tried it at the shorter wavelengths. However it will be of value in determining the approxi- mate positions of the harmonics if calibrat- ing by the old method, thus reducing the possibility of getting them mixed up. A good paper for this work is that of the Eugene Dietzgen Company No. 378—A, five inch base, No. 378—B, ten inch base. The condenser dial should have one hundred di- visions in order to facilitate the plotting. The solution of the problem of reducing condenser plate resistance seems to be in silver plating the rotary and stationary plate assemblies as whole units, not coating the plates separately. If a condenser which is good mechanically is given a good coating of silver in this way it will be almost as good as if the units were cast in one piece. —John F. Teunisson Pure Aluminum 3335 33rd Ave., South, Seattle, Wash. Editor, QST: Referring to the communication on the subject of pure and impure aluminum in the April, QST, several of the advertisers in QST are undoubtedly selling commercial grade aluminum without so stating. The main difference between commercial alumi- num and that which is made with a guar- anteed purity is that with the commercial stuff you may be lucky and get a good piece or you may be unlucky and have to throw all of it away. You will have to pay more for the aluminum with a guaranteed pur- ity but will not have to throw away any of it. When cleaned in lye there are no streaks or black spots. —Howard F’, Mason, 7BU

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6 QsT Page Mr. Ford 15 Vernon Place, Stamford, Conn. oT. a short spasm entitled “Finding 1ctance of the Filter Choke.” It pted by the pitiful inquiries we most daily. Such as “My choke es long and 2 inches round and unds 3 ounces. How many hen- have at 300 meters?” After explaining how to go about find- formation, the return mail brings e this, “Thanks very much for the n. There is just one little point clear. After you have gotten s how do you find the inductance?” Sake! —Edward W. Berry, Engineering Dept. ESCO. Standard Base Tubes 1109 Eighth Ave., Fort Worth, Texas. ST: ng to your article in the February titled “A Little Free Advice” we i ill your attention to the fact that ; Tube Company saw the need of } rd base for the type 199 tube and making a Roice Type 199—A tube standard base for some time. —James R. Curtis, 5AQC Inchulation Reedley, Calif. , OST: ning to comment in your admon- iwazine may I propound in recent re which declare “Pie-wrecks” : tard cup with hole in bottom make insulator for lead-in (or out as y be). Mr. Hon. Ed., Pyre-Ax custard cup me furnished with hole so as per ham what am myself start and set drill said mon-included hole. By ite coincidance three cup are brok- elf before Precision Machine Co., to attach hole. Precision Mach Co | vo cup before finishing one which, am break on sidewalk on journey i. Not unfastened however I am | system of Mr. Houdide which : 1all wood splinter in chair arm by ree I erect two cup on rear of barn th six shooter firearm attempt to hole in cup only succeeding to break fter which I bury broken pieces and nate rooster fowl which are killed and now I use old style moulded jlator and sputter when I see ac- irex custard cup. —Topo Hongo, Opr jI0U } t a June, 1925 That Long Wave Receiver Pleasantville, N. Y. Editor, QST: Just a few lines to tell you I am having a lot of fun with the high wave single cir- cuit set described in your March issue. In- cidentally it was the first set I ever built. I am getting some wonderfully even, slow code. With a 201-A tube had volume enough to get a faint signal through a Magnavox, and could hear them with fones twenty-five feet away. Never had any idea of the possi- bilities of a single tube before. Should you print a further article on learning the code may I suggest that it would help if you inked in the wiring on the photograph of the set so that the wiring would show? In case a honeycomb coil is not handy, the primary of an audio transformer will work fine. —Beecher Ogden One Cure for QRM to B.C.L.’s 6604 Tyler Ave., St. Louis, Mo. Editor, QST: Two neighboring B.C.L.’s recently came to my house to investigate the QRM I was causing. I am using an inductively coupled hartley circuit, two 5 watters and a m.g. set and I am working on 80 meters. We tried various things but ’twas no use, I could not clean up the squeals the neighbors got in their receivers while I was operating. Even with my antenna and counterpoise dis- connected the QRM was still bad on broad- cast waves. It occurred to me that possibly there might be some R.F. getting back into the power lines. The neighbors and I are on the same power line. I put a R.F. choke in series with the grounded side of the 110 volt line, re-wired the set so that none of the power leads came. near the R.F. cir- cuits and placed a R.F. choke in series with the negative high voltage lead. I then went back over to the neighbor’s house and Joy Be, the QRM was gone! Evidently the power lines were feeding interference from my set into the neighbor’s house. —Edw. Goodberlet, 9BCY Two Letters Regarding the McCaa Anti-Static Device 343 East 195 St., The Bronx, New York City. Editor, QST: An explanation of the theoretical action of the McCaa anti-static device may be given in this way: The energy in the aerial is composed of static (X) and signal (S) forces. This en- ergy is equally divided and made to act ——— on the receiver (G) through suit- able coupling of 1 and 2. The energy in 1

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June, 1925 is (X+S); in 2, (-X-S). A_ separate force S is coupled to 2 from 3. The result- ant in 2 is (-X-S)+S or -X. The forces in 1 and 2 combining in G are, (X+S) (-X) or S. That is, the static forces balance out and only the signal force remains. But S in 3 is secured by coupling through a repeating tube to the same aerial as is t —. (THOT) \ ' o >= Static pick Stotic god — ry a 5 F G 3 L — = used with 1 and 2. There must therefore be a static component to the force in 3 and the ratio of static to signal energy in 3 must be the same as the ratio in 1 and 2. Mak- ing S in 3 equal to S in 2 necessarily makes X in 3 equal to X in 2. Being opposed the forces in 2 and 3 neutralize and the result- ant force in G is that from 1 alone or X+S. That is, signal and static forces are present in the receiver in the same ratio as in the aerial. A static eliminating system devised by the writer and in which this lack of balance is avoided utilizes two loops; one is adjusted with its plane of winding at right angles to the line of direction of the transmitter; it picks up a negligible amount of signal en- ergy: the other loop is arranged with its plane of winding at some angle less than 90 degrees to the line of direction; it picks up much more signal energy than the other loop. But both loops receive practically the same value of static energy. When their respective forces are opposed, the static can be balanced out and the signal force in the loop not at right angles to the transmitter will predominate. It is necessary to bal- ance out the “capacitative pickup” effect of the loops by connecting an adjustable con- denser from the grid side of the receiver to the ground; this condenser having a value QsT 67 approximately equal to the capacity of the “filament side” of the receiver to ground. —John R. Meagher. April 28, 1925. Editor, QST: Regarding Mr. Meagher’s letter, I can- not help you much as I have studied it without his circuit diagram and therefore I get the Xs and Ss and 1, 3 & 2 all mixed up. However, I believe he refers to his former statement that the repeater tube will receive static and signal in the same ratio from the detuned antenna. First of all the end result in the telephone denies the above and there is a reason. By detuning the antenna we shift the predominant cyclic frequency of the static oscillations in the antenna to a longer wave or lower frequency. We give them a fre- quency to which the input circuit of the repeater is untuned. The decrement of the static wave train is largely that of the os- cillator and it is usually high, so that it is representative of a broad band of frequen- cies at the short wave lengths, while the static oscillations in a loaded antenna set to long waves have a lower decrement and are representative of a more narrow band of frequencies. Whether a component of the static wave train is present at signal frequency when the antenna is detuned depends upon the degree of detuning and the decrement, and whether the repeater circuit responds to it depends upon the coupling of the repeater. Certainly the static component at signal fre- quency is not of the same strength as when the antenna is tuned, hence the input to the repeater has different signal and static ra- Ps {f ewe tio impressed on it. The degree of detun- ing determines the strength of the static component at signal frequency as does the decrement of the static wave train. The wide detuning used in repeater systems and the extremely loose coupling is largely re- sponsible for the freedom from static in the input circuit. Instead of putting the repeater system in the antenna it may be put in a secondary system coupled to the antenna. The sec- ondary, if made quite “stiff,” presents much lower decrement for static oscillations and

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er anti-static action can be arly, if placed on a loop, static is found and the action good. receives its energy magnet- ’ or whether it is a loop, the presents lower decrement static wave train in the an- ve as well as the plate cir- shown in my last letter d if you so desire. nd reread this and don’t know wl ve made myself clear. Please pal uddle as I am very tired to- —D. Galen McCaa “Nil Hr—CUL 73” 23 East 34th Street, Bayonne, N. J. 1 a pleasure to work with some- t DX crazy and willing to chat isiness of “U Q.S.A. hr nil iinly gets my goat. I am a receiving QSL cards and al- ellow to send one whether he is miles away. I always QSL to le of my own district but late- m to get a card from any of worked two c-5’s and one u6 card or letter from them. it you hear me and want a » local address just give me a 1 phone right on the operating fone msgs immediately. —R. B. Wehrly, 2CRP An Invitation Bishop, Calif. ke to tell the radio gang that nvitation open to any of them ng to take their vacation this the “high Sierras” and are going f the Owens Valley and Bishop Radio Shop. There are al- h of radio people around and ng radio we can tell them where biting and where they can find t at. —F rank Parcher NATIONAL DIALS Radio experts as well as thousands of delighted users praise NATIONAL Dials for their velvety smoothness and for precise tuning. NATIONALS are the dials with the ‘Perfect Radio Touch”’ PRICES—4”, $2.50; 33/8” $2.25 NATIONAL COMPANY, Inc. 110 Brookline St., Cambridge, Mass. Sole Licensees for the Manufocture of the Nationa Regenaformer under the Browning-Drake patents. —-- ur Type a Wave Meter is Ready Send for Literature ver Real Ham Apparatus Under Way specialists in apparatus for the ind want every real ham’s name ermanent mailing list. Send 25 registration and a copy of our ed loose leaf perpetual catalog, eparation. THE WIRELESS MFG. CO. 2 © ° Ohio EAGLE ; miei S “~ RECEIVING SETS MEAN SATISFACTION Every “Eagle” Receiving Set is individually inspected eight times before it leaves the Eagle factory. 95% Eagle Built Durable Balanced Guaranteed EAGLE RADIO COMPANY 23 Boyden Place Newark, N. J. SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST

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— Burgess ‘C’ Bat- teries improve reception eco- nomically. RGESS RADIO BATTERIES One of several sizes of Vertical *B’ Batteries. peadend Burgess ap ae a wie te bi ve Quality at Every Price Cabinet or table space many times determine the size and type of radio batteries selected by the user. Burgess manufactures a battery for every radio circuit and tube. Your choice of any one of many types in- volves no sacrifice of economy or service hours. The value and quality of Burgess Radio Batteries are constant—your satisfaction assured. “* Ask Any Radio Engineer’’ a K———— BURGESS BATTERY COMPANY Engineers DRY BATTERIES Manufacturers Flashlight Radio Ignition - Telephone General Sales Office: Harris Trust Bidg., Chicago Laboratories and Works: Madison, Wisconsin in Canada: Niagara Falls and Winnipeg block shape “B’ Batteries are . "in numerous types and voltages. ; SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST 69

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A Noteworthy Contribution to the Art of Radio Transmission Weston Model 425 nnae Ammeter ade- solves the problem easurement of anten- ent and has made remarkable ad- the art of radio It is com- i against change of re, it eliminates the undesirable features found in hot wire expansion types of instruments and it pos- sesses no zero shift—all con- tributing to making it the ac- cepted standard in govern- ment and commercial use. For detailed information write for “Weston Radio Instruments.” WESTON ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENT CORP. 158 Weston Avenue, Newark, N. J. WESION Pioneers since 1888 | HIGH | SPOTS unit ' ice of rotor ' idary i é a for and Resist- “Lo w ndenser ndary on re- com- tuning is a er mul- ind in- three sed with rap one most tuners. | for “Carco’”’ Catalog Replace your old coil with a 40—125 Meters LOW LOSS COUPLERS SELECTIVITY ? “CARCO” “LOW LOSS” TUNER 75—200 Meters 175—600 Meters $5.00 $6.00 $6.75 SENT C.0.D. THE CARTER MANUFACTURING CO. 1728 Coit Ave., East Cleveland, O., U. S. A. SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q ST

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(see foot -note) UV-200 | UV-201A_ | 1 UV-200 | 1 UV-201A 5-Volt Tubes C-300 and UV-200 areinterchange- able 3 UV-201A 613 RHR } ® 611 WHR UV-201A" UV-201A are in- ————— terchangeable 1 UV-200 4 UV-201A = = C-3#1A, DV-2 and UV-201A UV-201A 611 WHR } ” 0 69 WHR | 613 RHR or | 611 WHR 611 RHR or 69 WHR 69 KPR —~ 67 KPR For sets using cur- rent at a rate higher than 2 amperes. Don’t wait until you've bought bat- teries and learn by bitter experience that they run down every few days. Let the Prest-O-Lite Radio Chart help select batteries that fit your set and guarantee you ample current and con- venient intervals between chargings. This section of the master chart shows how to select “A” Batteries for all s-volt tube sets. Use either of the two sizes recommended for your set, depending on the days’ service you want between chargings (based on the average use of your set of three hoursa day). You will find the larger capacity battery more desirable un- less facilities for frequent and easy recharging are provided. To select “B” Batteries, and “A” Batteries for peanut tubes, see the complete chart at your dealer's. 69 KRL kr | 6° KRL 69 KPR_ How often should you charge radio batteries? Prest-O-Lite Batteries are designed to supply the unvarying current that develops maximum distance, clarity and volume. Special structure plates and high porosity separators are features that help these splendid batteries get the most out of your set. Prest-O-Lite Batteries offer you truly remarkable savings. Though standard in every respect, they are priced as low as $4.75 and up. They last for years and are all easily recharge- able. See them at your dealer's or write to us at Indianapolis, Ind., forour booklet, “How to fit a storage battery to your set—and how to charge it.” THE PREST-O-LITE CO., Ine. INDIANAPOLIS, IND. New York San Francisco In Canada: Prest-O-Lite Company of Canada, Led. Toronto, Ont. SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST

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SUB-PANEL MOUNTING TYPE THORDARSONS NOW ON SALE They permit a neater as- sembly, the shortening of leads and the concealing of wiring—as in factory built sets. Same ratios— same prices—as standard type Thordarsona If deal- er cannot supply order from us ‘Best by competitive test,’ says Zenith the early Fall of 1923 we made rous experiments of all existing ff transformers and finally ted Thordarsons as the best by titive test. The immediate re- was improvement in the tone qual- f our sets and comparative free- from trouble due to the uniform- your transformers. dio set is only as good as the rmers that are used therein. an, therefore, truthfully say that superiority of Zenith sets is due +} formers. " ng.” m aletter dated ry 28, 1985 by Zenith ‘orporation Chicago ONDITIONALLY ARANTEED HORD

he superiority of Thordarson We congratulate you n the good product you are manu-

ARS AM PLIFYIN@ ‘Poveronean mdard on the majority of quality sets PES AND PRICES Super’ Au- CY Trans- >» be had in < 3-1, 5; $4 6-1, $4.50. Power Am- neformers are Thordar- rstage Power Transformer, atest hook-up free. Uncon- guaranteed by oldest and xclusive trans- skers, Thordar- Manufactur- Chicago—trans- specialists since

T™ ov ie cK Azaankh SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q ST

“B” ELIMINATOR SIMPLICITY PERMANENT ALKALINE STORAGE BATTERY RECEPTION KIC-O MULTLPOWER UNITS operate from your lighting ine and elumiunate the replacing of dry coll “8” batteries -- ~~ woually saving Unew cost in the first six to twelve months of serve on Neutro- dyve and Super Heterodyne sets. hts RECHARGER is

We havea 100 volt Malti-Power Unit Complete at $32.50 To receive simply throw switch down. To recharge throw switch up—discon- nect no wires—no fuss—no worr y. Leave it plugged into any 110 volt lamp socket. PRICES Multi-Power Units (No Recharger required) 180 volt Type P.U. .....sccrcccccccescsccccccess $43.50 100 volt Type P.U. .....cccccccseccecececesseces 35.00 100 volt Type C.U. 2... cece ncncceccvesccccccceces 2.50 BATTERIES P. Z. indicates panel type with switches Cc. Z. is plain type without switches foltage Type PZ cz in . $36 00 bad ou 100 27.50 24.50 70 21.50 18.50 45 16.00 14.50 22% 7.50 CHARGERS Type K-1 Single Unmounted =... ...esscececeeecses $1.50 Type K-2 Single Mounted... «~~... see eceeccnceeee 3.50 Type K-3 Multi-Polar Mounted ........-seeeeseees 5.00 KIC-O Special Charger Chemicals (Ome Call) cccccccccccccccscveccccscsccsccccocess 50 DEALERS! EVERYBODY! Write for complete details, KIMLEY ELECTRIC COMPANY, Inc. 2665 Main Street Buffalo, N. Y.

The 100% Self-Shielded Transformer has made a big hit with both set makers and set manufac- turers because of its small size, its amazing volume and most of all, because of its pure undistorted tone. It is half the size of other transformers, but its results are un- surpassed. Absolutely new and scientific design and con struction. Ratios 1 to 3, 1 to 4, 1 to 5 $3.50. Ratio 1 wo 10 $4.50 SEND FOR BULLETIN No. 94. Read all the exclusive features of this and other Premier Parts. Tells how to get free hook up diagrams beautifully printed in two colors PREMIER ELECTRIC COMPANY 3811 Ravenswood Avenue CHICAGO

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A RN SIO a ae <a

2-Tube Crosley 51 Same as wonderful Crosley 50 with addi- tional tube amplifier. Local and nearby stations on loud-speaker always and dis- tance up to 1500 miles under average con- ditions. Much greater range with head phones. Special Sloping Front 2-Tube Crosley 51 Same as Model 51, with cabinet holding all dry A and B batteries $23.50. 2-Tube Crosley 51 Portable The Crosley 5! in a black leatherette case, with nickel trimmings. Space for bat- teries. $23.50. Crosley Musicone A marvelous new development of loud- speaking principles. Diffusion of sound owes perfect reproduction of all tones. 3-Tube Crosley 52 A larger set for those who want greater reception range on the loud-speaker. r- ates on three tubes, using wet or dry bat- teries. Consistent loud-speaker range 1500 miles or more. Special Sloping Front- 3-Tube Crosley 52 Cabinet contains dry A and B batteries. Same efficient detection and reception as regular 52. $35. 3-Tube Crosley 52 Portable Same as other 52 models, but in a black leatherette case. Easily carried. All bat- teries inside. $35. Prices quoted above do not in- clade accessories. Add 10 per cent west of Rocky Mountains. SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST 73

Crosley owns and operates station WLW, Cincinnati, the first remotely controlled super-power broadcasting station.

This is the latest refine- ment of the marvelous set that enabled Leonard Weeks of Minot, N. D. to catch the messages of MacMillan’s North Pole expedition when sets cost- ing ten times as much failed.

In this set Crosley has developed the famous Arm- strong regenerative circuit. This circuit does with one tube what it takes three tubes to do in others.

This set will bring in stations from all over the country. It is simple and easy to operate. With accessories the total cost should be under $25.00. Crosley keeps the cost down with his “‘radio-for-the- millions’ ideas in production. Recent letters from enthused owners of the Cros- ley one-tube 50 report good reception at these distances: Mrs. J. E. Martin at East Palestine, O. hears KGO at Oakland, Calif. O. W. Bryant at Sunset, Texas gets WLW at Cincinnati, KDKA at Pittsburgh and Hollywood, Calif. L. R. Pratt, Hammond, Ind. hears 5NO, New Castle, England. Eugcne Barnhouse at Brookfield, Mo., hears Montreal and Winnipeg, Canada. Paul J}. Hall at Osceola, Neb. hears 2LO at London, England. Crosley manufactures receiving sets which are licensed under Armstrong U. S. Patent No. | ,/13,149, and priced from $/4.50 to $65, without accessories.

| The Crosley Radio Corporation Powel Crosley, Jr., President 618 Sassafras Street, Cincinnati

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(\H a SRE A 3 The T type of filter is one of the simplest and most econom'‘cal of filters. For the generator it is Properly built it is the most effective of the “smoother types.” That 1s, its filtering effect is not It functions at all frequencies above the cut-off or resonant point The lower this cut-off point sharper and more rapid the reduction beyond this point the better the filter 1s This means that ndensers and chokes as ts practical, from an economical standpoint, should be used A general functioning of this type may be obtained by considering it 1s to be divided into two parts. 1 condenser across the generator terminals Its effect on the plate circuit is small. Its effect on te ripples in the generator is tremendous. It breaks them down, lowering them from a minute to le amount. Part B takes what little disturbance is left and reduces it as explained in No. 5 of s. One or two, one mfd. condensers and a one to ten henry choke makes a good filter for teleg- i telephony work. Larger condensers and chokes will of course increase the filtering effect. best of results for telephony may be obtained with one to four one mfd. condensers and any rd “ESCO” motor generator set. ELECTRIC SPECIALTY COMPANY mane “ESCO” max Real.DX means maximum miles per watt, and that it what “ESCO” generatcrs are built for. South Street Stamford, Conn. Emblem. YOU TELL ’EM, BUICK-- or Flivver, or Franklin, or Fiat! Tell the whole durn road that your boss is a member of the A.R.R.L., by wear- ing on your radioator the new A.R.R.L. Automobile 5 x 24”, heavily enameled in gold and black on sheet steel base, holes top and bottom for easy attachment. Watch them multiply on boulevard and by-way! Postpaid to League Members only at 50c—that’s all! The American Radio Relay League, Hartford, Conn. Laboratory Equipment spparatus ineluding: TANGENT GAL- WHEATSTONE BRIDGE, all necessary ISTANCES and a FIVE LESSON COURSE RADIO MEASUREMENTS. _ Instruments brated and mounted. Price $3.90. Send DELTA INSTRUMENT CO., South 24th Street, Fort Smith, Arkansas. Jewett Quality Products The Vemco Unit, The Superspeaker Highboy, The Parkay Cabinet, The Micro-Dial Jewett Radio & Phonograph Co. 5674 Telegraph Road Pontiac, Michigan The Superspeaker. The Superspeaker Console, SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q ST “yo

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iit "Do you know where Condenser Joss Come from? the losses which most serious- ly affect the efficiency of aconden- ser when at working radio fre- quencies. They arise from poor contacts between plates and from poor bearing contacts. Soldered plates and positive contact spring bearings reduce these losses to a minimum... Eddy current losses occur in metal end plates and the conden- ser plates themselves. While not sO. serious as resistance losses, they increase with the frequency, and therefore should be kept as low as possible. : Dielectric losses are due to ab- sorption of energy by the insulat- ing material. Inasmuch as they vary inversely as the frequency, they have less effect upon the efficiency of a condenser at radio frequencies than any other set of losses. The use of metal end plates in short-wave reception to eliminate dielectric losses is never justified, because they introduce greater losses thari well-designed end plates of good dielectric. ESISTANCE LOSSES are SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q@ST The design of General Radio Condensers is based on scientific facts and principles,’ not on style and fancies. Specially shaped plates always in perfect’ alignment give the uniform wave-length variation which) permits ‘extremely sharp tuning. Rotor plates are counterbalanced to make possible accurate dial settings. In 1915 the General Radio Company in- troduced to this country the first Low Loss Condenser, and ever since has been the leader in condenser design.., Lower Losses and Lower Prices make General Radio Condensers _the outstanding values of condenser design, Licensed for multiple tuning under Hogan Patent No. 1,014,002 T 247- st with ed Vernier) ype 1 yy $500 T 247- ithout V oni ype 24 2, og ou bg nier $325 GENERAL RADIO CO. CAMBRIDGE, MASS. RADIO Quality Parts

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SANGAMO Mica Condensers Myty) Wha {i} ut : KCC, iy hs oa. M nn doesn’t change their capacity w often the hot soldering iron » Mica Condensers, their capacity ved. Sangamo condensers are n smooth brown bakelite, made ,and so thoroughly heat- and f that they can be boiled in water t affecting the capacity. Strong, 1 concrete will not hurt them. Condensers arethe mostaccurate ican buy, and they stay accurate. especially, this sustained accuracy : set reliable, and not as variable as ey are made by a company with a itation for building accurate elec- tness of these condensers; they tly with other finely finished ean-cut workmanship. apacities SA NGAMO SS @CeaTaic — Radio Parts Sa no Electric Company Springfield, Illinois ISLON, 50 Church Street, New York FFICES—PRINCIPAL CITIES no Electric Co. of Canada, Ltd., Toronto, angamo Co., Ponders End, Middlesex, Eng. Ashida Engineering Co., Osaka, Japan Look for the name PYREX FOR EFFECTIVE INSULATION Because of certain distinct electrical and physical properties, PYREX is far superior to other glasses and insulating miaterials. Comparative values of PYREX and ordinary glass at 500 kilocycles are as follows: Dielectric Phase Angle Constant Difference PYREX 4.9 24 Ordinary Glass 6.8 to 8.0 4 to 6 For better reception, buy PYREX Antenna Insulators, Lead-ins, Piliar Supports, ete. PYREX is used by U. S. Government for the most exacting service. CORNING GLASS WORKS Industrial and Equipment Division | Corning - ee New York 50° of Amateurs use the LOPEZ LOW LOSS TUNER Says an official of & prominent Radio Association. Broadcast or Ama- teur type price $10 @t dealers or direct Write tor circular on Tuner Facta, SUPER-INSULATED WIRE CO. 115 Sandwich Street, Plymouth, Mass. Manufacturers of Fine Magnet Wires, Resistance Wires, Radio and Litz Wires. Enamel, Cotton and Silk Insulations. \ Special combinations of Litz Wires made up on request, | also other wires. according to specifications, Prompt Deliveries | 7% SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST

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FiGa.4 General Theory of the Toro-Tran Figure t shows how the field of the ordinary extends into — and increases losses due to stray field. gure 2 shows a “double series” winding, whith restricts the field some- what. Figure 3 shows a “four series" winding and the id almost enclosed. In Figure (the Toro-Tran) the field is entirely cuabeaed and the losses due to stray fields are eliminated. Note that a stray signal passing through the coil at “X"—not introduced aon, the aerial or the tube—is anced out at “ by the reversed polarity of the winding. This rejects undesirable signals, while the concentrated in- ternal field builds up the tuned signal. Hence maximum distance and selectivity. —and now the TORO-TRAN! CARDWELL, whose pioneer “‘low-loss’’ condenser established new standards of radio efficiency, is now introducing the Toro-Tran*—the ideal balanced coupling inductance for all radio frequency work. *TRADE MARK Registry applied for The Toro-Tran eliminates signal energy picked up by ordinary coils from nearby stations. It eliminates magnetic feed-back in multi-stage radio frequency circuits, thus removing the most active factor in causing howling and distortion, and thereby increas- ing selectivity and distance. Itrejectsalmostentirely the interference effects caused by electrical power machinery, elevators, door-bells, arc stations, etc. The Toro-Tran winding confines the field to the inside of the coil, a small area, and thus avoids one of the greatest causes of loss known to radio re- ceivers—that of stray magnetic fields, which result in the absorption of signal energy and reduce the efficiency of the receiver tremendously. Note these unusual advantages in assembly and operation 1. Compactness. The coils do not re- quire spacing or angular mounting. They occupy less space than your condensers. 2. Permit exact nullification for tube and stray capacity without guesswork or tedious testing. 3. Closed magnetic field eliminates magnetic feed-back in tuned radio fre- 4. Low distributed capacity, due to air spacing of each winding and to low voltage-drop per turn of small diameter wire. 5. Maximum coupling and high ratio of voltage increase due to concentrated field with zero leakage. 6. Absence of all supporting insulation in the field of the coil. This is one of the greatest loss factors in the ordinary circuit and is not remedied by “skele- ton” or so-called “low-loss” windings. 7. Ease of neutralizing oscillation due to tube capacity by means of rotating control, which anyone can “balance.” 8. Low capacity between primary and secondary, affording maximum trans- fer of energy to succeeding grid circuit. Pe ea ~ quency amplifiers. The Toro-Tran has a lower “circuit resistance ”’ (i.e., effective resistance as assembled in a set and not as isolated in the laboratory for theoretical measure- ments) than any inter-stage tuned transformer made and has a correspondingly higher amplification fac- tor, its ratio exceeding ten. To appreciate the many remarkable advantages of the Toro-Tran, write for our two free booklets: “The Torodyne Circuit” and “The Most Interest- ing Radio Frequency Transformer Ever Invented.” Toro-Trans are ready to mount in any tuned radio frequency circuit. Replace your ordinary coils with Toro-Trans. You will be astonished with the results. Most .00035 mfd. variable condensers will tune them, but by using Cardwell Condensers you get maximum efficiency. Order from your dealer or direct CARDWELL TORO-TRAN WITH BALANCING POTENTIODON 4 Cardwell .00035 Condenser for tuning............. 4 Cardwell .00035 Vernier Condenser............ ne & Cardwell .00035 Dual Condenser (two-in-one). . 8.00 Cardwell .00035 Triple Condenser (three-in-one) .. 12.00 Cardwell Audio-Trans (compound audio transformers) 10.00 The Allen D. Cardwell Manufacturing Corp. 81 Prospect Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST 77

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Through the Locals ALL-AMAX Reaches Out Ever wherev to its all the Every more | telling belie, recept ward ALL-AM ALL-A

AMAX Set, be, brings choice of in the air. nore and ir office ulmost un- distance has re- ners of

mber, too, that ALL-AMAX is completely mounted on panel and baseboard. e photographic instructions make wiring easy. \MAX SENIOR, three tubes and detector . . . . .. =. =. Price, $42.00 AMAX JUNIOR, one tube and detector. . ... Price, $22.00 MERICAN RADIO CORP., E.N. RAULAND, President, 2642 Coyne St., Chicago

<=

RADIO SPARK TRANSMITTERS porrasies Made for U. S. Army Aeroplanes This is a tuned spark coil transmitter, with a wave length of 100-300 meters. The set is made of the finest of materials and the es- sential parts are the spiral tuning inductance, the induction coil, sendin condenser and spark gap. Can easily a converted into spark gap. Can easily be converted into spark coil CW set. Brand new, in original cartons. ORIGINAL GOVERMENT COST, $47 EACH OUR PRICE $5.75 EACH AMERICAN SALES COMPANY 21 Warren Street New York City

DURHAM @ COMPANY, Inc. Market Sereet + Philadelphia, Pa. ) DURHAM

PATENTS TRADE MARKS - DESIGNS FOREIGN PATENTS MUNN & Co. PATENT ATTORNEYS Associated since 1846 with the Scientific American 840 Woolworth Building, New York City 521 Scientific American Bidg., Vashinges, D.C. 410 Tower Building, Chicago, l/l. 363 Hobart Building, Se Francisco, Cal. 218 Van Nuys Building, Los Angeles, Cal. Books and Information on Patents and TradeMarks by Request. $i Grid Leaks Used by Eagle, Howard, m, Zenith and others. sets. Sold on guarantee. Metallized Fixed Leaks 50¢ 1S clensjupsier A Seas 75e; over 44 meg., lass Sealed Variable Leaks sizes fit all sets; 75¢ ach for 1/10,5 and c LO megs. «. © © © « 75 ft dealers or postpaid

SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST

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ee A New B-T Product A “Better Tuning” Control Exclusive features fully protected by patents pending Hairline Control, Easy Action, Simple Mounting. Knob, Dial and Pointer rotate in the same direction with a reason- able tuning ratio. No side strain or pull on shaft to wear out bearings or destroy alignment of your condenser or coil. Reads 0 to 100 or 100 to 0,—set- tling the argument as to “clock- wise” or “anti-clockwise” instru- ments. Registers dial numbers, wave lengths, or call letters. Improves the tuning as well as ap- pearance of any set. The new Tuning Control is distinctively a B-T product. It is of the same sensible design and careful construction that has characterized radio parts bearing the B-T name. You should know about the new B-T Socket. Send your name and address for circulars on this and other new B-T developments. 532 S. Canal Street Bremer-Tully Mfg. Co. Chicago, II. | SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q ST

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QRetter than Jack ory buil k: \ .n build a receiver that will qual to those of a factory- The trick is to build one that is can, if you use a set of DUI Matched condensers. the genuine. Make sure the seat is intact. tched kit contains three DUPLEX Standard condensers, specially hed, packed and sealed, to ened, untouched, unchanged be hooked up. Because of t design and precise and struction DUPLEX Standard sn be matched and will stay hanging capacity only as he operator. hook-up calls for variable con- lifferent capacities, you can DUPLEX Standard that will be r descriptive folders Judge Condensers,’’ etc. Duplex Condenser & Radio Corp. Flatbush Ave. Extension Brooklyn, New York MATCHED DUPLEX CONDENSERS Alu y Read like Becaus ¢ They Are~~ Most Radio Editors and Engineers Concede the superiority of DAVEN GRID LEAKS They know the exacting care used in every step of its manufacture. Daven Grid Leaks can be depend- ed upon for accuracy and freedom from noise. Sold by good Radio Dealers. Obtain from your Dealer the Resistor Manual, our complete handbook on Re- sistance Coupled Amplifi- cation. Price 25c, Post- paid 35c. DAVEN RADIO CORP. “Resistor Specialists” Newark, New Jersey BLUEBIRD RADIO Quality tube at moderate price, raas made possible by our direct sales plan. “Bluebird” is sensi- tive and powerful—produces more volume with clearness. WITH BAKELITE BASE Type 200 ...5 volts, 1 Ampere Detector Tube. Type 201A 5 Volts, .25 Ampere Amplifier and Detector Type 199 3—4 Volts .06 Am- pere. Amplifier and Detector Type 199A 3—4 Volts, .06 Am- pere With Standard Base. Type 12 1% Volts, .25 Ampere Platinum Filament. Amplifier and Detector — $200 a .. 5S Watt Transmitter $3 ALL TUBES GUARANTEED to work in Radio Frequency. Especially adapted for Neutro- dyne, Reflex and Super-Heter- . odyne Sets. Shipped Parcel When Ordering Mention Type Post C.O.D. BLUEBIRD TUBE CO: 200 Broadway, Dept. 8, New York City ‘een - "WAVEMETERS— | moderate priced Wavemeters — wants to in- vest at once. { Fully described in our ad radio instrument | Order from Dealer JEWELL, ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENT co. 1650 Walnut St. . Chicago | | Every amateur who sees our new line of | Qn SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST

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For amateur transmitting stations—the Dubilier Condenser No. 668. It may be used as a series antenna condenser ; a plate blocking condenser or a grid coupling condenser in tube transmitters of 500 watts or lower. Capacity .0001 to .075 Mfd. operating voltage 1000 to 3000 volts continuous at a current of 5 amperes—radio frequency of 750 to 1000 kilo- cycles. Dubulier CONDENSER AND RADIO CORPORATION SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST

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| interference by other f synchron- tifiers is prac- liminated in PER-SYNC. re D.C. tone ned with the which is mistaken for battery ipply at D.X. SUPER has inch com- ' this itself THE SUPER-SYNC The synchronous rectifier that can be filtered over previous types of synchronous rec- tifiers as this en- ables it to stand up on higher voltages. We have A SU- PER in operation at commercial station WPE thus proving the reliability of the SUPER-SYNC. The SUPER is turned over by a 4 H.P. IIOV. 60Cy. 1800 R.P.M. motor. Write for free pam- PAT. PENDING mprovement PRICE $75.00 F.0O.B. phlet. Just an Efficient and Reliable Form of rectification ie RLO ELECTRIC CO., 5241 Botanical Ave., St. Louis, Mo. FINDLAY Stand-Off Insulators ‘For Perfect Reception’’ Designed especially for radio purposes. Will hold lead-in wire six inches from building. Corrugated so that it will drain quickly. Will not deteriorate. Made entirely of porcelain, the dependable insulation. Easy to install. Packed in cartons with padded screws ready for instal- lation. Price, 50c ON SALE at all leading radio stores, Mail orders ted at factory when accompanied by cash or money orders. All types of porcelain radio insulators and insulated perew hooks. Send for circu- ar. 1928 : MANUFACTURED BY The Findlay Electric Porcelain Co. FINDLAY, OHIO oO Asthe heart controls the flow of blood through the body, so AMPERITE, the self-adjusting rheostat, controls the flow of current through the tubes— automatically—never allowing too much to injure thetubes,and always permittingtruetone qualities with proper volume. No hand rheostats. No guess- ing. Simplifies wiring. Improves operation. Used in over 50 leading sets and circuits. $1.10 everywhere. RADIALL COMPANY Dept. 0.S.T.6, 50 Franklin Street, New York City Write for FREE Hook-ups Ree. Ug, HAT: OFe “means right amperes" SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST

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: Resonant Wood Insures Natural Tone Quality Connect Music Master in place of head phones. No batteries. No adjustments. Prices of all models slightly higher in Canada. ~ a ee Makes — | =-A °| Music Master 1 Ti any good set BETTER & Music Master transforms mere radio reproduction nto artistic re-creation. Mere assertion? No! Plain fact—because: HE piano’s sound board, the violin and ’cello, and Music Master’s amplifying bell are all of wood—because wood pro- duces natural tones. Heavy cast aluminum eliminates over-vibration, develops sound without distortion and imparts a unique tonal brilliance. . - = a ‘ Model VI, 14” Wood Bell >30 This balance of resonant wood and non-resonant metal preserves, reproduces and re-creates the natural qualities of instrument and voice—and makes Music Master the Supreme Musical Instrument of Radio, for which there IS no substitute. Buy Music Master and be safe—buy Music Master and improve your set—buy Music Master and exchange mere radio receiving for the artistic enjoyment of radio re-creation. (Music {Master Corporation Makers and Distributors of High-Grade Radio Apparatus , Metal Cabinet, Tenth and Cherry Streets y Finish, $1 8 Chicago PHILADELPHIA Pittsburgh siaaihciialie Canadian Factory: Kitchener, Ontario Model VII, 21” Wood Bell #35 r SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QsT 83 ~—

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THE WC-12 Console “Average Reception” That’s What Counts tant stations come in on “aver- yes, even on “bad nights” that value of the set you buy. It’s ince on ideal nights. urprises even the expert with ectivity—its exceptional tone usual volume. The Radiodyne lonna that suffers from temper- A Few RADIODYNE Type WC-12 Features y Thru Cell Tubes m Great Distances lerful Volume Clarity elf contained in beautiful | Mahogany Cabinet lodels Priced from $65 to $250 adiodyne Everyone Worth the Money Write for Booklet ESTERN COIL and LECTRICAL CO. Street, Racine, Wisconsin you can get it with any set « can get it Better with the —Wwi———"1 Radigdyne The Voice or the clin Popularity of Summer Radio Is Increasing The use of Kellogg transformers in your set will prove a delight in clear, powerful recep- tion. Kellogg radio frequency transformers are of the low loss, high efficiency type. No “dope” to hold windings in place. Minimum amount of insulating material. No. 603 for selective tuning. No. 602 when exceptional selectivity is not desired Kellogg audio frequency transformers are built right for the kind of service you expect. They amplify the highest or lowest tones with absolute fidelity. Built in 3 and 4% to 1 ratios. Kellogg transformers are on sale at all radio dealers. Their use with Kellogg low loss con- densers will give you an ideal tuning and am- plifying combination for your set, with results that will be most pleasing. Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Co. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Another ToaZ. Development FUSOCKETS PATENT APP. FOR Individually Fused Sockets Insure your Tubes 199 or 200 Single or any multiple At Your Dealers or $1.00 per Socket, P. P. TOAZ TERMINALUGS BEST FOR RADIO BUGS At your Dealers or send $1.00 for Special Package, motes Lae | —a| Terminalugs, Pat. App. For.) Toa. Seetecwrinn & Sales Co. 1(703 ROBERTSON AVE., CLEVELAND, 0. ADIO TUBE EXCHANGE WE REPAIR ALL STANDARD 50 MAKES OF TUBES $152 U.V, 202 Repaired. $3.00. All tubes guaranteed to do the work RADIO TUBE EXCHANGE. 200 , New York Broadway. All Mail Orders Given Attention. Orders Sent P.P. C.0.D. SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q ST

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To Our Readers Who Are Not A. R. R. L. Members Wouldn’t you like to become a member of the American Radio Relay League? We need you in this big organization of radio amateurs, the only amateur association that does things. From your reading of QST vou have gained a knowledge of the nature of the League and what it does, and you have read its purposes as set forth on page 6 of every issue. We would like to have you become a full-fledged member and add your strength to ours in the things we are undertaking for Amateur Radio, and incidentally you will have the membership edition of QST delivered at your door each month. A convenient application form is printed below—clip it out and mail it today. American Radio Relay League, Hartford, Conn. Being genuinely interested in Amateur Radio, I hereby apply for membership in the American Radio Relay League, and enclose $2 ($2.50 in foreign countries) in pay- ment of one year’s dues. This entitles me to receive QST for the same period. Please ee es WEN GOD: c.c.o.cn cine ncdadvadsacuneaons dune ee cee issue. Mail my Certificate of Membership and send QST to the following name and address. Os Cte aE asin eset) och vss 6s Uke See oe, bs 8400 mee eeeG8 icnecs cede 600 cdbpeipeeemieheeeséssts be wees SD ME CD IO ose kc ncecviccccccctvocsemesed Pe chadedstcsaatemness Do you know a friend who is also interested in Amateur Radio, whose name you Reg. Trade Marks Vibroplex Bug Lightning Bug Transmits perfect signals at any desired speed. Easy to learn and operate. Saves the arm. Used and recommended by more than 85,000 wireless and commercial operators. Special Large Contacted Vibroplex Equipped with 3-16 inch contact points to break high current without use of relay ....$25. Sent on receipt of price Improved Single-Lever THE VIBROPLEX CO. Inc. Japanned Base, $17 Nickel- Plated, $19 825 Broadway, New York Established 1890 New SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST 85

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No. 2-A Loud Speaker $17.50 with Cord and Plug Insulated Coils, a type of WeeisatusleMesriano cities. true tonal quality and continuous reliable op- eration under the highest plate voltages. Ask your dealer Stromberg-Carlson Telephone Mfg. Co 10x R 0 University Avenue hester, N.Y ratory Instruments + ree Ree re ae we ee ep reves « C om mercial Prices 110 Transformer, No. 285 : $5.00 re production The micrometer : FACTORY | per-Maultiformer, No. 1700 dial, a unique fea- GUARANTEE : ture which forms song-wave $20.00 an integral part of ¥ e Type 6 U. S. Tool ite . ° Condenser ffords ver Amplifying Transformers S denithesiat wal Ved 4 pull circuits slow ecur- : slanced Per pair $1 1.00 pean pay = Forge Loiteraturd| the entire rotor all lt »tormer, No. 1900 the anaeaee of a or : , ; vernier Performs fe — tn $4.50 perfectly in any Inquire | circuit, under any { . - conditions. or VouPp is THE BETTER DEALERS aii alll “Dealers ; nN ea Manufacturing Corp. US. Tool Company.ine CHESTER NEW YORK me] sa AMPERE,NJ © 4 SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q ST

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— Immediate Delivery! ON ALL AMPRABD PRODUCTS ie au a) eee $10.00 Pp ee es OU OO | eee 6.50 AMRAD No. 2834 Change Over Switch ...............ccccscsesecsseesesscseseeeees 6.50 AMRAD 36 MFD. MERSHON CONDENSER ..............ccccccccecccececcseees 8.00 TRANSMITTING ACCESSORIES U. V. 202, 203, 203A, 204, 204A, TUBES At Special Prices Allen Bradley Radiostats Jewell Meters—Weston Meters Cardwell Transmitting and Receiving Condensers General Radio Laboratory and Experi- mental Apparatus Low Loss Short Wave Transmitting In- ductances Bakelite Panels Drilled and Engraved for Transmitters RCA, Acme, Thordarson, Amrad, Tele- funken Plate and Filament TRANS- FORMERS Pyrex Insulators from 3% to 32” Sizes Western Electric V.T.1 and _ “V.T.2 Tubes—$6.00 each Transmitters built to specification for | Phone, C. W., LC.W. and spark of any size or power. Write for New Detailed List No. 2 ‘for New Specialties Too Numerous to Mention Troy Radio Company 1254 St. Johns Place Brooklyn, New York a LOW GED LOSS LOW WAVE COILS Adaptable to Reinartz or Capacity Feed Back Circuits. Basket Weave Coils supported on Pyrex Rods. Interchangeable Coils for the 20—40 and 80 Meter Bands furnished with each unit. Latest circuitsand receiver construction details given with each Low Wave Coil. PRICE $4.50 Complete. At your dealer’s or order direct. Radio Engineering Laboratories, 27 Thames St., New York City It turns SMOOTHLY! As in a “super,” you can bring the tubes right up to the oscillation point—smoothly, easily—with the Pacent Rheostat and Poten- tiometer. No jumping—no back lash—no sticking or binding! Used by over 35 leading set manufacturers. Write today for free catalog of the entire Pacent line. Very helpful. PACENT ELECTRIC COMPANY, Inc. 91 Seventh Avenue, New York City Washington Philadelphia Minneapolis St. Louis Boston Pacent Buffalo San Francisco Jacksonville Chicago RADIO ESSENTIALS Detroit Birmingham Pittsburgh Canadian Licensees: R. H. White Radio Co., Hamilton, Ont (tL DONT IMPROVISE — PACENTIZE ane SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST 87

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AD A W wor Rat May now SE‘ OF for not cord tio same that count HAM-ADS IMPORTANT NOTICE ! NEW RATES ADVAN@ED CLOSING DATE with May QST, the HAM- rtising Rates are TEN CENTS D Name and address to be each initial counting as one ese rates are shown on QST d No. 6, in force with the losing date for HAM-ADS iE TWENTY-FIFTH OF THE D MONTH PRECEDING DATE E. For example, all HAM-ADS lune issue must be in this office than April 25. sfter mo HAM-AD will be ac- any particular or special posi- »r the QRA Section remain the lc straight. See heading of »n for details. rHO! FORM VOLT POWER-FILAMENT TRANS- CURTIS-GRIFFITH, FORT WORTH. rerular stock of Radio motor genera- » hand at all times new and slightly generators in all sizes. Write us for ng you are in the market for both alter- current. Queen City Electric Co., ‘A ve., Chicago, Il. PEED PRACTICE TESTED PEED INCREASED FROM 25 AND to 35 EVENINGS. If interested ask for in- ige Radio Shortkut, Mamaroneck, N. Y ICON Transformer steel cut to order 25 and over, 4 cubic inches, weight 1 Ib. Schulz, Calumet, Mich. BOUT NEW “S” TUBE DELIVERY, ) CO., 286 COLUMBIA RD., DORCHES- RY B BATTERIES TO THROW AWAY ARE USED UP. AN EDISON ELE- AGE B WILL GIVE REAL SATISFAC- LAST A LIFETIME. _ EASILY RE- ND ELECTRICALLY INDESTRUCTI- MOST POPULAR STEE, 268 VOLT UNIT WITH LID, HARD RUBBER FRONT ES-PARALLEL SWITCH. SEALING ULL STRENGTH CHEMICAL ELEC- ECURELY PACKED IN WOOD (ENT, $12.00 EACH. 50 VOLT KED DOWN 100 VOLT UNIT, rYPE A DRILLED ELEMENTS, rAINERS, PURE NICKEL WIRE, BOX UNIT $10.75. OAK PER- EPARATORS, FULL STRENGTH CHEM- \LING OIL, HARD RUBBER FRONT WITCH, BINDING POSTS, ETC. QUANTI- rION EXPLAINS THESE LOW PRICES. ‘Ee LIVE TYPE A ELEMENTS Se PER ED. WIRED WITH NO. 18 SOLID KEL WIRE, 7c. %x6" HEAVY GLASS ix6” 4c. NO. 18 SOLID PURE NICKEL ER FT. NO. 20, le PER FT. PERFOR- ARATORS 1/8. 78 CELL RACK VOLTS) $1.95. A FEW 100 VOLT EDISON ELE- MENT STORAGE B BATTERIES FOR SALE USING 5 G ELEMENTS, 3000 MILLI-AMPERE CAPACITY IN 1x6” CONTAINERS, $15.00 COMPLETE WHILE THEY LAST. PRICES ARE F. 0. B. PHILADEL- PHIA. WRITE FOR COMPLETE LIST. J. ZIED, 530 CALLOWHILL ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA. Bargains in Cardwell, General Radio, Dubilier, Daven, EIS, RCA, Phenix, Freshman, Precise, Hammarlund, and other high class apparatus. R. P. Barrows, Colum- bia Road, Portland, Maine. WOW! Regular $50 Crosley Trirdyne sets for $37.50. Send $10 with order. Henry Garsombke, 778-28 Ave., Mil- waukee, Wis. REMBLER, GIBLIN and DeForest coils, new, mounted, only few left as follows : — 100-150-200-300-400-500-600 turns half list price. Postage extra. Geo. Schulz, Calu- met, Mich. 9AEL selling out. Real bargains. Mail card for list HAMS!! Two tube Reflex set $18.00 UL1008 Oscillation Transformer, $9.00, key $1.50, Radio Power filament transformer $6.00. General Radio wave meter, $8.50; all brand new. James Crummy, Glenshaw, Pa. Sell—500 volt motor generator $40. Other transmitting parts. Grebe CRS with RORK amplifier $65. Excellent condition. Archie Schultz, Clarkson, Nebraska. FOR SALE — Remler Detector Panel, $2.50; Murdock Os- cillation Transformer, $2.50; Loose coupler, 3000 meter, $10.00; Lead-in Wall insulator, $1.00; Spark gap, $1.00. Two inch spark coil, $8.00; Plate glass condenser, $1.00; 32 volt % kilowatt imperial direct current generator and switchboard, $50. Herbert Gettert, Muscatine, Iowa. SELL—New Tresco 170-25000 meter tuner and detector for $50 or trade for 10 watter apparatus. Omnigraph with 15 dials, buzzer, and key $15. S8DSF, Fairgrove, Mich. CARDWELL 5 to 1 AUDIO ee $4.00. CURTIS-GRIFFITH, FORT WORTH Introducing the Arn receptacle for baseless tubes. Does not contain any metal, 75c complete. A. Mallins, 89 Webster Ave., Brooklyn, N MASTER CODE IN FIFTEEN MINUTES —10 WORD SPEED in three hours. These world records made by our students. New 1924 Honor Roll tells code learning story as reported by TWO HUNDRED students all now licensed; some in each radio district; copy free on re- quest; method $2.50; kills hesitation; Dodge Radio Shortkut, Mamaroneck, N. Y. Sell—two “S” Tubes, one 0-500 milliameter, one 0-15 AC voltmeter, one 0-56 Antenna meter. All Jewell in- struments and brand new. One Radio Corporation OT, three fifty watt tube sockets. This apparatus goes to highest bidder. No trades. John Cain, Jr., Cain-Sloan Co., Nashville, Tenn. FOR SALE — 9EIT— COMPLETE STATION CHEAP 20 WATT TRANS. T. S. NICHOLS, 500 SOUTH FIFTH STREET, MOBERLY, MO. MY TRANSMITTER complete for $90. Motor genera- tor, Field Rheostat, practically new. Write for list P. T. Perdue, Salem, Va. Tube Repair Machinery, complete outfit, including very efficient high frequency bombardment outfit. Priced very low. Will also give buyer the benefit of our ex- perience in tube repair and manufacture. E. F. Raab Electric. 918 Elm Street. Toledo, Ohio. Twenty dollars buys set of fifteen Giblin-Remler Coils, Triple Coil Mounting, Series-Parallel Switch, two Gen- eral Radio Variable Condensers. C. H. Brown, Edge- wood Arsenal, Edgewood, Md. Robbins and Myers and Esco B. Battery Charging motor generator sets motor 220 V. 2 and 8 phase generators 175 Volts 1 amp. $20.00 each with single phase motors $30.00 each. Queen City Electric Co., 17384 W. Grand Ave., Chicago, Il. BARGAINS—New Apparatus: 38 M-4 Magnavoxes, $12 each. Magnavox TRF-5 set, $65; Day-Fan OEM-7, $65: Crosley 51, $14; Crosley 52, $24. Horace R. Brokaw, Neshanic Station, New Jersey. SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST =

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—<—

Brand new Precise multiformer, $15. J. H. Bargain! Los Angeles, Calif. Walker, Jr., 1000 San Antonio St., ROICE 5-WATT DX BABY $3.00. CURTIS-GRIFFITH, FORT WORTH. AMRAD NO. 2796 LIGHTNING SWITCHES. Mounted on 5% in. porcelain posts. Post-paid $1.50. State Radio Co., 286 Columbia Rd., Dorchester, Mass.

MAY I call your attention to a Grebe CR9 for $39., CR5, $21., RORK two stage $19.50. A. Fada 160 at $51, and plenty of fifty volt meters at $65. Everything ab- solutely good. All offers considered. Money order, check or stamps. John Richards, 351 Belleview Blvd., Steu- benville, Ohio.

BAKELITE STRIPS—for sub panels and antenna insu- lation to 5” wide any length 3/16 inches thick 100 square inches $1.25 prepaid. Geo. Schulz, Calumet, Mich.

Wavemeters Range 20 to 95 meters and 80 to 220 me- ters with curve $8.50. State which. Let us calibrate your meter; it only costs you ten cents per point mini- mum of ten points plus postage. Guaranteed accurate within 1%. We build ‘em like Qst wants ‘em. Willard McCulla, 9CR, Waukegan, III. ARE YOU AMBITIOUS TO BECOME ORS—ASK FOR LATEST HONOR ROLL—Read reports from many stu- dents who by little effort won that certificate of profi- ciency. Method $2.50. Kills hesitation. Dodge Radio Shortkut, Mamaroneck, N. Y.

SHORT WAVE TUNER—1ZE has a short wave tuner built by Schnell. Guaranteed perfect and will percolate down to 25 meters and up to one hundred and fifty. First fifteen dollars takes it—less tubes. Irving Ver- milya, Mattapoisett, Mass.

TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING ACCESSORIES. PYREX GLASS SOCKETS $1.35. SEND FOR COM- PLETE LIST. J. F. DAVIDSON, 6CEK, BOX 216, KINGMAN, ARIZONA.

CROSLEY 2-step audio with two tubes $12. Three cir- cult set (1 tube) $10. Carl Sipe, Somerset, Pa.

FOR SALE—2 Demonstrator Baldwin Speakers, $17.00 each; 2 New Weston Voltmeters; other apparatus cheap. Kenneth Jones, London Mills, IL

100 watt, 110 V., 60 cycle Robbins-Myers 500 V., 5APT, Pawnee, Okla. MG., new, $30.00. Might trade.

NAVY TYPE CW 936 TRANSMITTER AND RE- CEIVER COMPLETE. CAN BE USED FOR BROAD- CASTING. INCLUDES RECEIVING AND TRANS- MITTING CABINETS, POWER AMPLIFIER, LOUD SPEAKER, TWO GENERATORS, SWITCHBOARD, REMOTE CONTROL BOX, PHONES. ANTENNA SWITCH AND TWO PHONE TRANSMITTER. MADE BY WESTERN ELECTRIC. SACRIFICE. GENUINE. GUARANTEED. MACKSOUD RADIO LAB., 84 WASH- INGTON ST., NEW YORK.

For Sale— Long Wave Honey-comb Receiver with Det. Amplifier. Many Other Bargains. Write for Prices. E. Stone, Houghton, Mich.

AND STILL THEY COME—Complete 30-200 Meter Transmitter, equipped with Jewell & Weston Meters; RCA, Dubilier & Cardwell Condensors; Tubes; 200 Watt Acme Transformer; etc. DX RECORD BREAKER. Picture & Information solicited—$70.00. UV203's $18; 35-225 Meter Wavemeters—Guaranteed within 1% $7; UV216’s $4.50; Acme 2Mfd 750V. Filter Condensors $2.50; Murdock Quick Changeover Switch $2.50; Sear %. Other MONEY SAVINC values. #BOV—S. Strobel, 3923 N. 6th St., Phila. Pa. RADIO CALL PINS, u9FZ. SUPERHETERODYNE parts for LE. Model C.7 com- plete, also one Jewell Wavemeter 200-600 with buzzer new. Will consider a good Neutrodyne Receiver in ex- change; what have you? Address H. C. Petzwal, 1111% 19th Street, Sacramento, California.

SELL COMPLETE TEN WATTER CW. AND PHONE KENOTRON RECTIFIER, WAVEMETER, RCA TRANS- FORMER. SYKA, 739 FORWARD AVE., PITTS- BURGH, PENN. PRECISION WAVEMETER type 224, 75-23,500 meters, as good as new. Has been in a laboratory about one year. Will let it go at sacrifice price of $110.00. Earl beate, 4047 N. Capitol Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.

LOOK! While they last and brand new. Crosley Trirdyne Special and 5 tube Standardyne. List $60. Price $52.50. Mastertone guaranteed tubes, $2. Try the new Majestic Speaker at $18. Smaller size $8. Niagara Radio Lab., Box 536, Lockport, N. Y. NO LOSS PRICES—WIRE NO. 12 ENAMELED SOLID COPPER $475 PER THOUSAND FEET—‘ice_ PER HUNDRED. FOR THAT RECTIFIER 99% ALUMI- NUM PER SQUARE FOOT 85c; CHEMICAL PURE LEAD PER SQUARE FOOT 85c. 0 4000-1A “S” TUBES AT $10 EACH, SPECIAL “S” TUBE SOCKET $1.25. ROICE 5-WATT DX BOTTLE $3.00; ROICE 201A’s $2.00; HARP 201A’s—THIS IS A GUARANTEED BARGAIN OM—$1.59. JEWELL METERS, ANY RANGE— MILLZAMMETER $6.95— VOLTMETER AC $6.95. CARDWELL LOLOSS .00025 FORGET THE

“NO LOSS PRICES” WRITE FOR “THE HAM LIST.” CURTIS-GRIFFITH RADIO, 5AQC—5RV, 1109 EIGHTH AVENUE, FORT WORTH, TEXAS. 200-20,000 METER receiver including radiotron $25.00; two step amplifier $18.00. Smith, 4416 Market, Phila- delphia, Pa.

CODE MADE EASY and interesting. Alphabet in 15 minutes. Original. New Rhythmic Memory system. Copyright, $1.00. Cheques $1.10. Dept. Q, Kwikkode, 724 Beresford Ave., Winnipeg, Man., Canada.

SPOKEN ESPERANTO FOR BEGINNERS—Class text- book, 92 p.—56c. 2, $1.00. Norman Frost, 12 Ash Place, Cambridge, 38, Mass.

9AP SELLING OUT. Write for list.

HAMS: Wear your call letters in SOLID GOLD on a miniature 50 watt tube! A RADIO CALL PIN on your coat lapel identifies you as a regular operator. $2.50 p.p. 9FZ, R. G Ballard, 1522 W. Sunnyside Ave., Chi- cago, Il

MONEY REFUNDED AFTER THREE DAYS TRIAL IF NOT SATISFIED. GENUINE ELECTRON TUBES. TYPE 201 A-199-200. PRICE $1.10. PARCEL POST PREPAID. CASH WITH O ). MACKSOUD RADIO LAB., 84 WASHINGTON ST., NEW YORK.

Every radio amateur who builds his own set wants engraved on the panel his name, trademark, dial mark- ings, ete. You can do it for him if you own a Rapid Engraving Machine and make several dollars an hour doing it, part or whole time. Free particulars. Be first to own one and coin money. Write to-day. Branch Tool Co., Dept. J., Forestdale, R. I.

ESPERANTO! Learn Esperanto and communicate with Radio Fans all over the world. Our free sample lesson contains over hundred illustrations and demonstrates how easily this language can be learned. Send for it now. Benson Seton of Esperanto, Inc., 20 Mercer St., Newark, N.

WHAT'S IN A NAME? _ PLENTY. WHEN IT IS “THE FORT WORTH RADIO SUPPLY COMPANY.” IT MEANS SERVICE; ALL ORDERS SHIPPED THE SAME DAY THEY REACH US. HONESTY; OUR STOCK EMBRACES ONLY THOSE TESTED AND AP- PROVED HAM PARTS THAT YOU SEE IN THE BEST TRANSMITTERS. EXPERIENCE ; FIVE YEARS OF MERCHANDISING FULLY EQUIPS US TO GIVE YOU WHAT YOU EXPECT FOR YOUR MONEY, AND LAST BUT NOT LEAST, A TRUE RE- GARD FOR THE FRIENDSHIP AND PATRONAGE OF THE WORLD WIDE AMATEUR TRANSMITTER. WHAT DO YOU THINK OF THIS LINE UP? JEWELL METERS, AMRAD S TUBES, RADIOTRON FIVE AND FIFTY WATT TUBES, AND SOCKETS, SEVENTEEN FIFTY VOLT TEST FILTER CONDENSERS, _.002 MIKE PLATE AND GRID CONDENSERS, LARGE AND SMALL GRID LEAKS, ACME PLATE, POWER, AND FILAMENT TRANSFORMERS, CARDWELL, GEN- ERAL RADIO AND REMLER VARIABLE CON- DENSERS, OHIO BRASS INSULATORS AND NUM- BER TWELVE ENAMELED ANTENNA WIRE, SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q ST 89

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ALLEN RADIOSTATS, FORMICA TUBING AND PA EMICALLY PURE SHEET ALU- MINUM. A .f LEAD, AND LOTS OF OTHER ITEMS MEROUS TO MENTION. WHEN yot TT? ADIO, WRITE THE ONLY HAM STORI IFTH DISTRICT, AND BE EN- TIRELY FORT WORTH RADIO SUPPLY COMPA} : TENTH ST., FORT WORTH, EXA

IF Yor ING BACK ON YOU—Rebuild it to tl to Coast Circuit, using same old panel, art but no Nightmare of Neutral- izatior feet of gold sheathed wire, with v mple, complete instructions $5.00, prepaid Nothing more to buy. Over a thou- sand are daily bringing in clean res- onant ( t To Coast. Details—1l0c. 48 age nm ‘PARTS ONLY—1l0c. KLADAG RADIO IES, KENT, OHIO.

TELEGI!I und Wireless—taught at home n half t trifling cost. Omnigraph Auto- matic end, on Sounder or Buzzer, un- limited speed, just as expert operator would U. S. Govt. and used by leading Univer Technical and Telegraph Schools throug! talog free. Omnigraph Mfg. Co., ISM H Yor

MAKE $ Y IN SPARE TIME. Sell what the public tance radio receiving sets. Two sales w profit. No big investment, no canva of Colorado made $955 in one month ‘ wanted at once. This plan is sweepit rite today before your county is gone ( Ww sshington Blvd., Chicago.

STORAGI ’ at dry cell prices. Purchase a recl VLEY” storage “B’’ battery. Non- sulpha r of plates, which means clearer en th unlimited life. Sold in com- plete te which requires no former ex- perier her These units contain every- thing truction of battery such as large size t ments, special molded. flat bottom glass y test tubes), punched insulating fibre rt of cells, pure, annealed solid nick ppers, perforated hard rubber sepa th chemical electrolyte. With all rde free an 8 page illustrated folder howing r together making of charger and harg f nits as above—22 volt $2.95; 45 it $ 100 volt $9.95; 120 volt $11.60; 6 volt $13.90; 200 volt $17.50 “is t I up at no increase in price. prepaid. Complete non-heat- 5 I $2.75. Extra special 100 volt hitew t $2.75 only. Also “A” batteries at tract ler direct or write for my litera- re Ter and guarantee. Orders shipped game < \ waiting. K Q. Smith, 31 Wash- ingtor \ Conn.

WHILI \ST—Reinartz’s original short wave articl ‘ October and November numbers of Am Sent postpaid for 50 cents or free ; Executive Radio Council, 136

,HP $12.50 % HP $28.50 1 HP $45. Transmission 500V $28.50 Bat- } Lighting generators all sizes. Lathes Air Pumps other Garage and Shop equipn Prices. New Catalog. MOTOR SPECIA Crafton, Penna. MOTO! ?)

B STO! WER WITHOUT A HUM, RIPPLE LOWEST PRICES EVER OFFERED 4 AND WIRED UNITS USING GEN- UINI EDISON ELEMENTS. 22 VOLT I VOLT UNTT, $5.00. 100 VOLT UNIT, $9.50 UNIT, $12.25. SPECIFICATIONS: K I AVY FLAT BOTTOM CONTAINERS, PE {ENTS, PERFORATED SEPARATORS, RI WIRE, HARD RUBBER PANEL, IP DETECTOR VOLTAGE, POTASH AND IT NOTHING EXTRA TO BUY. HOOK CHARGER AS SOON AS YOU GET IT A) VY AWAY YOUR DRY Bs. YOUR MONEY F NOT SATISFIED. SPECIAL COM- BINA ER 78 PAIR TYPE A ELEMENTS (DRII « 6” CONTAINERS, 78 SEPARA- TORS A FT. NO. 20 PURE NICKEL WIRE, $5.95 F. O. B. PHILA. DO U NEED A TRANSMIT- TING STORAGE BATTERY? LET ME QUOTE. ANY- THING AND EVERYTHING FOR THAT EDISON ELEMENT STORAGE B. J. ZIED, 530 CALLOWHILL ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Complete Transmitter for sale. Phone or code. Four new tubes furnished. Kenotron rectified. Compact, portable, panel mounted. Factory parts. High class throughout. Parts cost $180. Make an offer. Gerst — 2674 West 25th Street, Cleveland, Ohio.

For sale, two brand new UV 203 fifty watters at $23.00 each, also two used about five hours each $19.00 each, one used about fifty hours at $12.00. Want 1500 volt meter. Willard McCulla, 9CR, Waukegan, III.

CUT PRICES ON NEW APPARATUS. RADIO- TRONS — receiving $2.55, 202’s $7.45. Write me for prices on anything you want. Jim Lisk, 902 South Elizabeth, Lima, Ohio.

TESTED GALENA CRYSTALS 50c pound bulk. Bus- kett, Chemist, Joplin, Mo.

a CR-3A, $25.00. O. Luhring, Hampton, owa.

Edgewise wound copper ribbon the only really satis- factory antenna inductance .350” wide; 3%” diameter, 10¢ a turn; 4%” outside diam. 13c turn; 544” outside diameter 15c turn; 6%” outside diameter 17c turn; 7%” outside diameter 20c turn, prepaid any number turns in one piece; Geo. Schulz, Calumet, Mich.

TRUE TONE HARP 201A TUBES $1.59. 5AQC-KFRO- 5RV, FORT WORTH

WANTED VIBROPLEX FORBES 2227 PINE, EVER- ETT, WASHINGTON.

DID YOU KNOW THE CODE BUT SOMEHOW FAIL TO PASS? Latest Honor Roll with reports from many Previous Failures who quickly and easily obtained Ama- teur License mailed on request. Method $2.50, Kills Hes- itation. Dodge Radio Shortkut, Mamaroneck, N. Y

Generators, new, rated at 275v, 120 watts but will give output up to 500 volts, $8. UC1831 Condensors, $2. UC1015, $2. Vtl4 tubes $1. Vtl, $5. Vt2, $5.50. Samp. chokes $1. R. Wood, 38 Way Ave., Corona, N. Y.

For sale or trade—DeForest D7 Reflex, Western Electric 518W horn, Crosley 3B. Want Fifty Watt stuff. Elmer Lawton, Plymouth, Il.

LEFAX READERS. Special Sheets to fit your Binders. No charge. R. P. Barrows, Columbia Road, Portland, Maine.

IN THE GOOD OLD SUMMER TIME. THAT'S THE TIME TO PUT UP THAT GO-GETTING AERIAL. HAVE GOT THE NEW PYREX INSULATORS ON HAND. BROADCAST SIZE, 45c, TRANSMITTING SIZE, 7%”, $1.50, 124%”, $3.50. PYREX STAND-OFF INSUL ATORS, 3” $2.75. 7”, $3.00. 12”, $8.00. RE- MEMBER, NOTHING TAKES THE PLACE OF GLASS FOR OUTDOOR INSULATION. GROUND SWITCHES. 100 AMPERE, 5” BREAK, $3.15. PORCELAIN PED- ESTALS FOR SAME, 0c PAIR. O.B. GLAZED PORCELAIN INSULATORS, 5”, 75c. 10”, $1.50. NO. 12 “DYNEX” SOLID COPPER ENAMELED WIRE ic FT. 500’, $4.75. “DYNEX” HOOPS FOR THAT CAGE. 8”, $2.50. 18”, $3.00. 30”, $3.50. DYNEX KEM RECTIFIER ELEMENTS. 1" x4", 6c EACH. 1”x6", 7c EACH. 1%”x6", 8¢ EACH. 1/16” LEAD & ALUMINUM 9c SQ. FT. PYREX-GAROD SOCK- ETS, $1.50. CARDWELL TRANSMITTING CONDEN- SERS, $15.00. ALLEN-BRADLEY RADIOSTATS, $6.50. TYPE 210. FOR 10 WATTERS, $4.00. “S” TUBES WITH SOCKETS $10. MERSHON CONDENSERS $8.00. NO. 16 D.C.C. MAGNET WIRE, 75c LB. NO. 16 COTENAMEL Tic LB. “DYNEX FOR DX.” E. J. NICHOLSON, 8BIN, (THE EIGHT THAT PAYS THE es amc 1407 FIRST NORTH ST., SYRACUSE,

BUILD YOUR OWN FULL WAVE B ELIMINATOR from our unmounted parts. Kit $12.50. With cabinet and panel add $2.50. With two special A tubes add $3.00. Transformer 220v center tap secondary and six volt filament winding $5.00. 50 henry choke $4.00. Two Mfd salvaged condensers 75c each. THE RADIO CLUB INC. LaPorte, Ind 90 SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST

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Motor Generator Bargains. Robbins and Myers 110 V 60 cycle single phase generator 500 Volts 200 Watts $45.00. Esco motor 220 V. 60 cycle 3 phase 1750 R.P.M. Generator 400 Volts 100 Watts $25.00. General Electric Motor 110 V. 60 Cycle single phase Generator 750 V. 400 Watt $60.00. Esco motor 220 V. 60 cycles single phase A. C. generator 500 Volts 200 Watts, $40.00. Esco motor 220 V. Direct Current Generator 500 V. 200 Watts $35.00. 1000 V. 400 Watt 1750 R.P.M. Generators only $60.00. 750 Volt 200 W. 3400 R.P.M. Generator only $30.00. All above machines are ring oiled and prices in- clude field rheostat. Queen City Electric Co., 1734 W. Grand Ave., Chicago, Il. WRITE FOR SPECIAL AMATEUR DISCOUNT STATE RADIO COMPANY, 286 COLUMBIA RD., DORCHESTER, MASS. FOR SALE: 1 15 watt transmitter complete, $100. Radio Corporation and Acme stuff. 5 watters, a tubes, meters and all. Kenton E. Quint, Orono, Maine. PURE ALUMINUM and lead rectifier elements, holes drilled, with brass screws and nuts per pair 1/16”, 1”°x 4”, 18c, 1x6, 1l5e, 1% x6, 1l7c, 1% x6, 19¢, single elements half price. Sheet aluminum 1/16”, $1.00, 1/8”, $1.90. Lead $1.00 square foot all prepaid. Geo. Schulz, Calumet, Michigan. Navy Dynamotors manufactured General Electric 24 1500 volt .233 ampere 6000 R.P.M. 750 volt tap. Ball bearings. Triple commutator. Very pure DC 672,000 commutations per minute. Original boxes $45. Limited number slightly used guaranteed perfect $25.00. Adapted for belt drive $3.00 additional. Pulleys with endless belt for any speed driving motor at cost. IDEAL FOR 32 VOLT PLANTS. MOST SATISFACTORY RESULTS BELT DRIVEN. VERY QUIET IN OPERATION. HUNDREDS now perking. Operate on 6 volts gener- ating 3800-400 volts, 12:700-800, etc., Crocker-Wheeler 24/1500 volts 450 watts 6500 R.P.M. 100 segments $45.00 Slightly used $35.00 Holtzer-Cabot 12/500 .07 ampere $18. Navy Flame Proof Keys with Blinker Light $2.00 Prepaid. Henry Kienzle, 501 East 84 Street, New York. Sell transmitter, “S’’ Tubes, Plate transformer. Donald McDonald, Waseca, Minnesota. ARE YOU ANCHORED AT 10-15 PER— ON REQUEST WILL MAIL LATEST HONOR ROLL WITH REPORTS FROM MANY OLD METHOD KEY AND BUZZER HAMS WHO IN A FEW HOURS DOUBLED SPEED. METHOD $2.50. KILLS HESITATION. Dodge Radio Shortkut, Mamaroneck, N. Y. BARGAINS NAVY receiving tubes, $1.00. Storage Batteries 6 volts 80 amperes, $4.00—120 amperes, $5.50 Edison B Batteries, 50 volts $5.75. Hoffman Electric Co., 824 North Fifth St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. EDISON ELEMENTS LARGE SIZE WITH STAMPED ON CONNECTOR 5c PER PAIR. ALL OTHER PARTS CARRIED IN STOCK. 300 AMPERE HOUR EDISON A BATTERIES PERFECT CONDITION $45.00. GET PRICE LIST. ROMCO BATTERY CO., 146 WEST 68TH, NEW YORK CITY. DID’JA C MI BACK ADDS 3 BOV. GORTON PANEL ENGRAVING—one day service. We cut Bakelite panels any size or thickness. All size Bake- lite tubing in stock. Complete line of receiving and transmitting apparatus including Gen'l Radio, Cardwell, Remler, Acme, etc. Broadcastng equipment—Line am- plifiers, Microphones, all size tubes, transformers and generators, etc. Can supply any special radio equip- ment for any installation. Write us your requirements for quotation. X-L RADIO SERVICE, 223 VAN BU- REN ST., JOLIET, ILLINOIS. BEST CASH OFFER takes Zenith, 1R, 2M. 9BR, 2712 Milwaukee Ave., Chicago. “NO LOSS PRICES.”—No. 4000-1A “S” TUBES $10.00. JEWELL 0-500 MILLIAMMETERS $6.95 JEWELL AC 0-15 VOLTMETERS $6.95. ROICE 5-WATT DX BOTTLE $3.00. LATEST CONSRAD CALL BOOK 4le. CARDWELL .00025 LO LOSS CON- DENSERS $3.95. PURE ALUMINUM square foot &85c: PUREST LEAD square foot 85c. SEND 2c FOR THE “HAM LIST.” CURTIS-GRIFFITH RADIO, 5AQC- owee EIGHTH AVENUE, FORTH WORTH, WESTERN ELECTRIC LOUDSPEAKERS — 518W, $21.00; 1OD, $23. Condensers—Grebe, $4.00. EIS, $2.00; 5 vols. Automobile Engineering, $6.00. Ralph Kunau, Sabula, Iowa. FOR SALE: UV203 Tube, $15.00. UV203A Tube used about 80 hours, $25.00, 5-UC490 Filter Condensers, $1.75 each. Baldwin “G” phones $8.00. Baldwin “C”’ Unit $4.00, 12 honeycomb coils and mounting $10.00, 2-WE hand microphones $3.50 each, Stevens “Favorite’ .22 rifle $5.00, Navy coupler, $5.00. 9AFU, Robbins Foster, 909 Hayes Ave., Racine, Wis. TRADE—100 Watt transmitter for Diamond or what? Harry Malwitz, Brillion, Wisconsin. TUBES THAT LIGHT, 201A,199. RENEWED GUAR- ANTEED 50c. RYAN RADIO COMPANY, HANNI- BAL, MO, Telefunken 30 Watt Power Tubes on hand for immed- iate delivery. Fil. 10 volts 2 amp. Plate 1000 volts .07 amp. Extra large elements, excellent for short wave transmission, $16.50. Arthur Beyer, 106 Morningside Drive, New York City. UC 1831 Radio Corp. 4000v. variable transmitting cond. with dial. Postpaid, $2.00. STATE RADIO CO., 286 Columbia Road,+Dorchester, Mass. Perfect condition, cost $60, BARGAIN: Stahl Sink. sell $35. 1 BOQ. FOR SALE — 2 Demonstrator Baldwin Speakers, $17.00 each; 2 New Weston Voltmeters; other apparatus cheap. Kenneth Jones, London Mills, Ill. Will sell or exchange receiving apparatus guaranteed perfect condition for transmitting gunk. Write for list. Irwin C. Kodar, 825 East 161 St., Bronx, N. Y. For Trade ;—We have twenty Cameras or Kodaks to trade for Radio Sets or Parts Rexford De Tompkins, Ottawa. Ill. AMATEUR RADIO EXCLUSIVELY. WE SPECIALIZE ON BUILDING AND SUPPLYING HAM EQUIPMENT. SUCH LINES AS CARDWELL, ACME, ESCO MOTOR GENERATORS. THORDARSON PLATE TRANSFOR- MERS. PYREX SOCKETS AND INSULATORS. POW- ER TUBES. ANY TYPE, GOOD METERS THAT DO NOT COST MUCH ARE JEWELL. A HIGHER GRADE METER AT A LITTLE HIGHER PRICE, WESTON. WE BUILD PRACTICALLY ANYTHING THAT IS “HAM RADIO.” TRANSMITTERS OF NEARLY ANY TYPE. WAVEMETERS TO KEEP CHECK ON THE OUTFIT AND KEEP THE INSPECTOR “FROM THE DOOR.” IF PLANNING TO REBUILD GET OUR ESTIMATE. WE CAN BUILD AT PRACTICALLY THE SAME PRICE IT WILL COST YOU TO DO IT. THE SHORT WAVE RECEIVER USED HERE GETS DOWN TO 10 METERS AND THE PRICE IS RIGHT. WE ALSO CHANGE OVER ANY TYPE RECEIVER TO USE THIS CIRCUIT OR BUILD THIS SET FOR YOU IF YOU HAVE THE PARTS. “YOU NEED ONLY ONE PAIR OF HANDS ON THIS SET.” DON’T FORGET A GOOD INDUCTANCE COUNTS ON SHORT WAVES. WE MAKE THEM FOR ANY TYPE OF SET OR CIRCUIT FOR TRANSMITTING. FOR MICKS, SPEECH AMPLIFIERS, POWER UNITS, “S" TUBES AND UNITS, NEARLY ANYTHING IN THE HAM LINE DROP US A LINE. “IF IT’S HAM LET’S HAVE THE PROBLEM.” SEND US YOUR INQUIRIES. ESTIMATES GLADLY GIVEN. QSO. THOS. ENSALL (ENSALL RADIO LAB.,) 1208 GRANDVIEW AVE., WARREN. OHIO. EQUIPMENT, like new, prepaid. Jewell Meters, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 Thermocouple, each $6.50; 50, 300, 500 Milliameters, $4.50. 15, A.C. Voltmeter $4.50; 50, 1000 D.C. Voltmeter, $4.50 and $.50; 1,5, D.C. Ammeter $4.50. Weston Meters, 8 Thermocouple $8.50, 100, 200 Milliameters, $8.50. 12, 15, D. C. Voltmeter $8.50, 1 D.C. Ammeter $8.50. Tubes — UV208A, $22.50, 203, $15.00, 50 Watt special $15.00, UV201A, $2.00, UV200, $2.00. Transformers, UP1016, $15.00, UP1368, $12.00, UP1658, $5.00, Acme 300 watt $12.00, 2, 1636 Reactors, $3.00. Advance Sync Rectifier, $20.00, 250 Watt, 1000 Volt New Motor Generator, West- inghouse, $58.00. Grebe CR-13, $44.50. Radiola VI for Super $20.00. Dynamotor 12—350 DC volts worth $50. Sell $15. Shortwave receiver two tubes worth $50. Sell $18. $8.50 N and K Phones, sell $4.25, .0005 Acme Ver- nier $2.50, GE det. and two step $12. .00035 Remlers new style, $3.50. Set $12.00 All American Push Pull Transformers, $6.00. New WE Pancake Speaker, $20.00. Harold Quick, 8COI, 349 W. Colvin, Syracuse, N. Y. SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q S T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST 91 Serr ereenerrenenyaieliain

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riICALLY NEW 500 VOLT WESTING- VRITE FOR PARTICULARS. 6CQT. son RA1O and DA2 at seventy-five Hamill, 176 Highland St., Port Chester, 20-Watt V.T. Transmitter, Model s four 5 watt Radiotron vacuum tubes, ne, one telegraph key and 100-watt With $112 DeForest Honey Comb tor and two step amplifier with 10 battery. All absolutely new. $447 All for $235. Reason for selling tinue game. All letters answered. Co., Beeville, Texas. rTERY SUPPLIES. LARGEST SIZE MENTS 4c A PAIR, DRILLED 5c A ’ PAIRS &. PURE NICKEL WIRE ERFORATED RUBBER SEPARATORS 1/8e EACH OR CUT YOUR OWN FROM SHEETS 5 3/16 x 5%” 3c A 11ICALS FOR 5 LBS. BATTERY SOLU- FOR 100 VOLTS 75c. EDISON 300 \ BATTERIES IN PERFECT CON- \LL ARTICLES POSTPAID. SEND WITH ORDER. BERNARD STOTT, 60 NUE, DETROIT, MICH. ng 30v input, output 300v $8. W. N. Y. AMERICAN SUPERHETERODYNE rYPES R-120, R-110, $4.30 each. Wing, Ulinois. A FOR DX HOUNDS—LOW WAVES, WORK, KNOCK QRN. GET 9ALD’S AND PICK OUT WHAT YOU NEED. f course, of No. 12 enameled, only 75c per 1000°. No. 14 enameled 55c per 1000'; 1/16" x 3/8" edgewise wound ductances, 6” diameter 12c per turn, excellent inductance clips 20c; Real t any size, lle per pound plus small ALD RENTS OMNIGRAPHS. SEND ADIOSTATS FOR PRIMARY FIL- $6.50, E-210 BRADLEYSTAT FOR SET, $4.00. Bargains, real keys, 1/8” ntacts, $2.25; 5 watt grid leaks $1.10, ‘-W microphones $3.75; UC-490 1 mfd lensers $2.50. Look—2mfd 3000 volt fil- JUST GOT LOTS OF UC-1831 VAR- )NDENSERS, $9.00 VALUE, ALMOST AT OUR NEW PRICE, ONLY $1.80, Have you tried 9ALD on an order t of them, get your stuff from a real HAMALOG is waiting for you free. /ALD, Waseca, Minn. twentieth horsepower, ORDER NOW. Dept. T6, iood, Practical, ng-direct current. Perry Trading Company, Wis RADIO: A NOISELESS at B ARE OF ITSELF HOWEVER NG N ELECTRICALLY WELDED 4 ET SIZE FOR EVERY SET. 54 ) VOLTS $15.00. 1380 VOLTS $18.75. COVERED CABINET OF WAX MED OAK. RUBBER MAT. LARGEST ELEMENTS ELECTRICALLY WELDED ) NICKEL CONNECTORS. GENUINE CTROLYTE (THATS NO LYE). REACH YOU SAFELY. as 1 [AT BIG SET YOU NEED TO APPETITE. A_ 2,000 MITAM? HOUR ACITY B IN HEAVY FLAT BOTTO 106 VOLTS $24.00. SINGLE CELLS READY TO WIRE. 24c ASSEMBLED ELLS) 2le CONNECTORS WELDED ON. ) VOLTS UP. 8ML PARTS TO MAKE LARGEST PEPPY EDISON ELEMENTS LLED 6e, ht ar TO Ae SOLID G EL EMENTS 8c PAIR, 2 POSITIVES A 1500 MILIAMP HOUR G CELLS 15¢ MILIAM ~ FOR THE MAN-EATING SUP 22e WELDED AND P HOUR SUPERCELL PARTS, ive wn TO WIRE. ASSEMBLED. ERHETS 27¢ CELL PARTS READY TO WIRE, 33c WELDED AND AS- Ss. LED. ANNEALED GLASS TEST TUBES IN- DEIVIDUALLY WRAPPED % x 6” 3c, 1 x 6” 4c. SHOCK- THICK HEAVY GLASS JARS, FLAT BOTTOMED 1x6” 4c, 14 x6%” 5c. PUREST SOLID ag PLATED OR ALLOY) SOFT NICKEL .032 WIRE le FT. .034 1%c FT. PERFORATED HARD RUBBER SEPARATORS c EACH. NOTHING BUT REAL EDISON ELE OLYTE (CHEMICALLY CORRECT COMBINATION OF LITHIUM AND POTASSIUM) WILL ENABLE YOU TO REALIZE THE FULL CAPACITY OF YOUR EDISON ELEMENTS. $1.25 TO MAKE 5 LBS. SOLUTION. DON’T STARVE IT. CHARGE IT—WITH A WILLARD COLLOID RECTI- FIER 50 VOLT SIZE $2. JUMBO $3. 100 VOLT FULL WAVE COLLOID $4, JUMBO SIZE $6. HANDLES 100 VOLT B ALL IN ONE BITE. UTILIZES BOTH HALVES OF CYCLE. HIVOLTAGE TUNGAR CHARGER SHEET 50c EVERYTHING FOR THAT EDISON. B. FRANK MURPHY, 8ML, 4837 ROCK- WOOD ROAD, CLEVELAND, OHIO. THE SERVICES OF A REGULAR RADIO FACTORY ARE AT YOUR SERVICE DURING THE SLACK RADIO SEASON. WE ARE NOT BCLs BUT KNOW THE AMATEUR GAME AND CAN BUILD HONEST TO GOODNESS EXPERIMENTERS APPARATUS. CALIBRATE OR BUILD WAVE METERS, OR BUILD AND DESIGN MOST ANYTHING ELSE YOU WANT. OUR FACILITIES INCLUDE FULL MACHINE SHOP EQUIPMENT AND ENGRAVING MACHINES. OUR SUPERINTENDENT IS A SWISS WATCHMAKER AND KNOWS RADIO AND HOW TO MAKE THEM. WE ARE DEALERS IN BAKELITE AND CAN GIVE YOU LOWEST PRICES ON THAT SPECIAL TRANS- MITTING PANEL DRILLED AND ENGRAVED. AL- WAYS GLAD TO ESTIMATE. ADDRESS CLENDIN- NING RADIO PRODUCTS, INC., 78 WATTS STREET, NEW YORK CITY. Our set of calibrated Radio Laboratory Apparatus is indispensable to the constructive radio amateur. With this set of fully mounted instruments is furnished a Five m course in Scientific laboratory operation that will enable any “Ham” to measure Radiation, Test Tubes, Calculate resistances, and balance heretofore unmanage- able circuits. Price $4390. Send $1.00 with order to Delta Instrument Company, 923 South 24th St., Fort Smith, Arkansas. FOR SALE—General Electric United States Army Air Service, double current generators and dynamotors, 12 volt, battery drive—550 volt output, each equipped with a Dubilier filter system, $20.00 each. Westinghouse Navy Dynamotors, 30 volt drive—400 volt output $20.00. All generators guaranteed new. United States Navy Submarine chaser, Western Electric Type, CW936 trans- mitters and receivers, complete with tubes, wired for CW—ICW—phone—outfit is brand new—first check for $225 takes it. Navy battleship receivers, type CN240— 1000-10,000 meters, bargain, $80.00. Western Electric power tubes 4% KW type “I”. Same tube is used in their broadcasting stations, $115.00. Their 50 watters, $32. General Electric Type 203A 50 watters, at $32. General Electric Type UV204A—250 watt tubes $110. United States Army Signal Corps short wave receivers, with built-in tube socket, range—50-225 meters, brand new, $75. These were built by the Marconi Company of America. Signal Corps precision heterodyne wave meters built by General Radio Company special $40. 1 Esco Motor Generator—motor 60 cycle, single phase 110- 220 volts—generator 1400 volts—500 watts equipped with 200 watt winding for filament excitation—will sacrifice guaranteed in perfect condition, $130. Western Electric Navy 5 watt “E” tubes, $7.00. “J” receiving tubes $6.50. 1 Grebe type CR13 short wave receiver brand new, never used, will sacrifice. Cost me $95, will sell $48. Arthur Faske, 1515 Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y. OM—aAfter traffic any time. Don’t say QSR? Just QRV? and the old pencil will be grabbed. Not afraid to talk either! Rag-chewing just as long as the rag lasts. Nobody too close! The man who doesn’t know anything but CQ can have the DX. QRA in QRA sec- tion. QTC? QRV om vlOX—1DQ k. Member RCC. SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST on fF ewa tt meee § at ee -“ wreianw i-— i= 1 tyr 1 {wei

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Q RA SECTION 50c straight, with copy in following form only: CALL—NAME—ADDRESS. Any other form takes regular HAM-AD rates. 9FZ, R. C. Ballard, 1522 W. Sunnyside Ave, Chicago, Illinois. 1KP—F. C. Beekley, West Suffield, Conn. (half way be- tween Hartford, Conn., and Springfield, Mass.) s6APD—Chandler Brownell, 862 East 6th Street, Pomona, Calif. 4 AO—H. Hewitt Cooley, 460 Ward St., Newton Center Mass. 1ASN—A. L. Budlong, Glastonbury, Ct., address at Head sarters; 1DQ, J. M. Clayton, ditto; 10X, L. W. Hatry, tto, 1XAQ, 10A, S. Kruse, ditto. 2API, Harold B. Churchill, Rumson Road, Little Silver, New Jersey. EQ. O. Luhring, Hampton, Iowa. » CUK. Edwin S. Elliott, 1320 Olive Street, St. Joseph, Mo. BCN William Shirley, 710 East 5th St., Northfield Minnesota. } CXE Earl Koester, 6th and Prairie Sts., Northfield Minnesota. 8 DTO, C. H. WESSER, ALPENA, MICH. ®-CRM W. O. Gassett, 472 East Cecil St., Springfield, Ohio. %. HORNBY, 31 BELMONT AVE., JERSEY 1 ABR—D. N. Craige, South Walpole, Mass. 8 A C B short wave transmitter at 8 C V A. H. J. Kuhlman, R. R. 16, Dayton, Ohia 2XAA—Watson P. Dutton, Route 58, Box 30, Schenec- tady, N. Y. G5LB—H. Cyril Foster, Hornby Castle, Lancaster, Eng- land. Would welcome reports or QSL cards. 8CKS—Carl Kope, 2097 Lincoln Ave., Lakewood, Ohio. 2KS—James L. Murray, 290%4 South 20th St., Newark, J. aN. 1ABM—H. M. Suss, 126 Warren St., Brighton, Mass. 1SL—D. 8S. Boyden, 72 Gardner St., Allston, Mass. 2MS—Paul Hoffman, 23 Lindhurst Place, Rockville Center, N. Y. 2JL W. A. Cohen, 126 Woolsey St., Astoria, Long Island, a we 9CVC A. Palmer Baker, 1865 Fairmount Ave., St. Paul, Minnesota 2KG—John T. Guymon, 2382 Chauncey St., Astoria, Long Island, N. Y. 2LF, Fred J. Gutberlet, 1916 Grove St., Brooklyn, N. Y. with this compact —noiseless—shock- proof and easily in- stalled BATTERY Shipped Parcel Post C. O. D, ROICE Radio Tubes The Royalty of Radio Tubes. A pow- erful and durable tube that will great- ly improve reception, increase range and volume with a maximum of clear- ness. Our direct sales plan enables you to buy ‘“‘Roice’’ at the lowest possible price Type 200—5 Volts, | Ampere Detector Type 201-A—5 b= .25 Ampere Am- plifier and Detect Type 199—3-4 Volts. “06 Ampere Am- plifier and Detector. Type 199A — 3-4 Volts, .06 Ampere with Standard Base Amplifier and Detector. Type 12—1% Volts, .25 Ampere Piati- num Filament Amplifier and De- or. All S‘andard Types $2.00. Type 202—5 Watt Transmitter $3.00. All Tubes Guaranteed to work in Radio Frequency. especially adapted for Neu- trodyne, Reflex and Super-Heterodyne Sets. When ordering mention type. ROICE TUBE CO. 21 Norwood St., Dept.s Newark, N. J. ASET or FIVE 21,2"2.22% HELIX CLIPS os isi $150 than $7,50 per set. 4 Parcel Post Postage Extra C. O. D Limited number — act quickly before A real German product. A fortunate pur- chase abroad allows this exceptional offer. If made for this present market and in this country, these Clips could not sell for less supply is exhausted. Sole American Distributor TOBE C. DEUTSCHMANN, 46C Cornhill-Boston, Mass. SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST 93

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EVEREADY HOUR ERY TUESDAY AT 8 P. M. Eastern Standard Time lio enjoyment, tune in the Group.” Broadcast through WEAR Cleveland WSAI Cincinnati ww —— ; , Minn is wocos Siu WOC Davenport 94 /”“Evereadys have long-lasting power Tue long-lasting power of Evereadys more than justifies their price. It is false economy to buy batteries that may be cheaper in first cost, but which are much shorter lived. Considering price and size, Evereadys are the most economical batteries there are, and in addition they are most satisfactory. Buy Eveready “B” Batteries. To light the filaments of all radio dry cell tubes, use the famous Eveready Columbia Ignitor. Manufactured and guaranteed by NATIONAL CARBON CoMPANY, Inc. New York San Francisco Canadian National Carbon Co., Limited Toronto, Ontario Radio Batteries ~they last longer SAY YOU SAW IT IN QS T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS Q 8 T Ana AA Fi Ge Hi Jer Jer Jey Ke) Kir

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—FOR YOUR CONVENIENCE— — QST’S INDEX OF ADVERTISERS IN THIS ISSUE Acme Apparatus Co., The , All American Radio Corp. Allen-Bradley Co., The American Sales Co. - A.R.R.L. Application Blank A.R.R.L. Emblem ...... Binobin® Tue GA cccccccccccccces Bremer-Tully Mfg. Co. Burgess Battery Co. .........- Cardwell Corp., Allen D. oes Carter Mfg. Co. ecoceeeoece Corning Glass Works ....... Crosley Mfg. Co oe Cunningham, E. T., Inc. .......... Daven Radio Corp. Delta Instrument Co. Deutschmann, Tobe C. Dubilier Condenser & Radio Corp Duplex Cond. & Radio Corp. Durham & Co., Inc. ........ Eagle Radio Co. Jewell Elec. Instrument Co. ; Jewett Radio & Phonograph Co., The Electric Specialty Co. ........ eee Findlay Electric Porcelain Co., The .... Gemerel BIREES GO ccccccccsccccccccecs SEE SE Mevonecucdeswciinceinessncuse : i ; Jenkins Lab, The ........ Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Co. .... SE TE ES. caceunescasssiceas 2 78 3rd Cover 78 . 85 74 80 .79 . .69 Rg 74 93 81 RO 88-93 meee Gin Me Ge Sawecandencddessicceceecncaces Pts i bedbsnaneendsbdecdisubiekecenen Beem G& GR ccecscesecs “ee ES HN GI oan otc soe se chesece National Carbon Co., Inc. ............. SOS Gk eh de badaneRi ches cd Gntcuener Pacent Electric Co. Phenix Radio Corp. Precise Radio Corp. Premier Elec. Co. The Prest-O-Lite Co., Inc Seen GRR. 206ss Keneseedscstcdedcces ES eet Radio Corp. of America Radio Engineering Lab. Radio Tube Exchange Reichmann Co. ........:;; Roice Tube Co. ..... Sangamo Elec. Co. ...... a Stromberg-Carlson Telephone Mfg. Co Super-Insulated Wire Co. eee e Thordarson Elec. Mfg. Co. Toas Engineering & Sales Co. ...cccccccccccccccess ee Te Ee cas ub abes ceded ehaawbeesnccatalanse Te B Bead Gi: ccndcccccccccccsasccscsscectessovess WEE GE, cccnkcccneceesebonneststatesennd een Ee. Ce Vn cdbahaubhevs sh 00se0 See ieeennbiees Western Coil & Electrical Co. Weston Elec. Inst. Corp. Sees TE Gin “TD occ coc xbicndcddcacacaneadses 4th Cover 93 76 R86 76 93 R4 70 ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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PICTURES and WRITING by RADIO you a brass-pounder, and find it getting just a bit ind would you like to take up something new in radio? ‘if you don’t know code, wouldn’t you like to be able to take the latest development, namely, writing and pic- y radio? Vatching the message or picture build up as it comes in the air is mysterious and fascinating. e machines are simple, and easily understood, and they t high priced. en there are the cash prizes every sixty days for the iggestions. Somebody gets this money, why not you? nd for illustrated description of the machines, and an- ement of cash prize offer. JENKINS LABORATORIES 1519 Connecticut Ave. Washington, D. C. 96 SAY YOU SAW IT IN Q 8 T—IT IDENTIFIES YOU AND HELPS QST

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> She Traffic F. H. Schnell, Traffic Manager 1711 Park St., Hartford, Conn. Department An Efficient Radio Relay Station By John Hynes, 9BXV station is a capable operator. With- out a good operator the best station is worse than nothing. The operator must know the code and customs of traffic handling very well, and must be skilled in the operation of the apparatus at his station. If this is possible, several opera- tors should be connected with the station, so that the station may be in operation at all times. The next requirement is a good, very reliable receiver. A reliable receiver must be had, even at the expense of some range. The receiver must be easy to tune and have a minimum of controls. The settings at which certain reliable’ stations are heard should be marked, so that when a message for a particular state is heard, the operator will know where to tune to find a good station in that state. Not more than one stage of audio amplification is needed on a receiver built for traffic handling. If you can’t copy a man with one step don’t handle traffic with him. It’s too risky. T's first requirement of a good relay Requirement number three is an effi- cient, very reliable transmitter. The trans- mitter should be of fairly high power, fifty watts or more. Remember this sta- tion is built first for traffic handling. A five-watter is good for hamming around the country, and seeing how far you can work with low power, but it is not good enough for a station which makes a busi- ness of handling traffic, as you have to call too long and results are not sure enough. Someone will speak of remarkable results accomplished by one or two five- watters. Certainly, but this is the ex- ception rather than the rule and I feel safe in saying that messages will be handled more swiftly and surely with higher power in the great majority of cases. The next thing, the antenna system, needs very little said about it. Be sure to have it firmly tied down, and have the counterpoise pulled up tight, as QSS does not help in handling traffic. Also, don’t use some freak antenna, with which you work ten miles one night and a thousand the next. Use a high cage or flat top QST FOR JUNE, 1925 which is fairly large. Of course, make the resistance of the antenna as low as pos- sible. In selecting the wave to work on, bear two things in mind; how far do you reach consistently on this wave, and how many fellows are handling traffic near this wave? Glancing back we find the requirements for a good relay station are a good opera- tor and reliable set. One more very im- portant requirement; membership in the A.R.R.L and an O.R.S. certificate which is the sign of a good station and of the real ham spirit in that station dealing’s with others. We hardly agree that the antenna sys- tem needs little said about it. There are still many things we must learn about an- tennas. Antennas should be worked at or below their fundamental wavelength for best results. When Mr. Hynes says that the resistance should be kept low he refers to the “copper-loss” resistance and _ the “dielectric-loss” resistance. The “radia- tion-loss” resistance should be as high as possible. A good antenna should have a high ratio of energy radiated to energy dissipated in heat losses. By using an an- tenna series condenser or working the an- tenna on “harmonics” (such as one-third the wavelength or three times the natural frequency of the antenna) we can work the antenna to best advantage. Read Bal- lantine’s chapter on “Antenna Construc- tion.” —F. E. H. The Five-Point System By Paul Fenner, 6PS doesn’t it? Well, it isn’t, it’s a game —our amateur radio relay game. We hear the saying, “Don’t criticize un- less you have something to offer in the way of construction.” Here goes, criticism first. Our relaying lacks system. One night we work so-and-so in Denver; give him a few messages and maybe do not work him again for a month. Why? There are sev- eral reasons. Some fellows have a habit of playing hide-and-seek with their trans- looks like a new kind of puzzle,

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ting the wavelength every t log our reception. A wave- eful in connection with our is necessary in connection nitter. the gang to do this and that Give them something inter- with and the good will nat- tomatically supplant the evil. game that’s worth trying— ying hard. It’s called the “Five i The idea is simple. Every A R tion in the country arranges itions, one north, one south, west. The directions are general. The distances are ‘are distances a fellow can ute certainty. Now, hav- stations write and get ac- ju the four owners. Arrange schedules should be short, ter hour each day is enough. ty and forty meter channels right through the broadcast »w has no excuse for not hedule. In an hour one can ns, clear traffic, and be free groups of “five pointers” or kes. » the sketch the idea may ance. Five stars work to- es, five A’s, and so on, all try. In some cases there terlock such as the west B entral B,-and the east A central A. tem a fellow must use his neter, and his leg. Stations competition. Only the best imateurs will be able to keep tation misses schedules his jinters” will drop him and more reliable. to write in and tell how the . fellows. Your suggestions ome. d Schnell work f8AB? He ranging a schedule. The time e was fixed in advance. The be used was known to both Velov T Pounders’ League has grown rably. The high station this was a_ station having two Last month this station was at f the list of “Brass Pounders.” tent traffic handling has forged s now in first place. x the stations represented in ounders’ League for May and shows just who we may _being in line for the Traffic ‘ophy. 8BYN has risen from place. 5XA and 9DTK have but are with us still. Only stayed in the League for two nths. Summer is with us again. It isn’t quite as easy to sit down and make distance rec- ords as it was last January. We like to get out in the open more. But we can still spend some time at the old _ set. We can turn in a good report for QST now just as well as we did last winter. Perhaps we like to experiment. Whatever we do, let’s use system. Let’s handle some traffic this summer and handle it in a way that will reflect pride to our station and the League. Don’t make it necessary to mail so many mes- sages to their destination. Arrange some schedules as 6PS has suggested. Use your clock and your wavemeter just as Schnell did, just as all commercial stations do. Send messages slowly and methodically. When a message is acknowledged as cor- rect you can be conscious of a good job, well done. By using schedules the traffic can be handled in a quarter of the usual time. Less time will be spent in calling and listening. Interference will be reduced. We want a lot of short-jump relay routes of absolute reliability. Don’t be satisfied with having just a daily schedule. Scratch around and get some traffic for that sched- ule. Make sure that your station originates its share of traffic and start only GOOD traffic. Another advantage of handling traffic on schedule is evident when we consider how the assignment of different amateur wavelengths has divided us. Usually sta- tions on forty meters work forty meter stations only; eighty meter stations work only stations on the eighty meter band. By arranging schedules and doing business in a business-like way with an accurate wavemeter and a clock we will be able to make full use of ALL our wavebands. O.R.S. give this a try. Headquarters urges that you make use of this scheme. It may be altered to meet local conditions as seems necessary. O.R.S. are leaders in relaying. Even if you think the arranging of schedules is not going to improve pres- ent conditions, at least give it a try. If this doesn’t look interesting send us some- thing better. 7. M. It would not seem surprising to us at Headquarters if one of these stations final- ly won the prize. Some other stations by a spurt of work seem to get in the honor position but the consistent operators will come into their own after this sort of com- petition has been killed off as we are sure that it will be during the summer months. All stations having 150 messages oF more to their credit must send them to their Division Manager for counting. With a valuable Trophy in sight for consistent station operators we must know WHO is after the Trophy and keep an accurate eount of messages. Division Managers will examine the messages to see that they QST FOR JUNE, 1925

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were handled in good form and to make sure that none stayed on the hook more than forty-eight hours. Division Managers are instructed to check all reports of message handling in excess of 150 messages. We hope to be able to announce a new source of traffic next month. From now on we expect to see some real competition between three or four operators working for the Traffic De- partment Trophy. witty Www titi ¥ Mr. H. C. Storck—8BYN t Columbus, Ohio ¥ Central Division x 492 Messages BUMMER RRB Pe re TR There is still opportunity for everyone to enter the contest. It’s really just begun in earnest. Every station has equal oppor tunity. The Brass Pounders’ League mem- bers will be notified how they stand each month. Let’s show that our stations are doing consistent work by getting in the Brass » , : Pounders’ League and staying there. Don’t forget to send your messages to your Di- vision Manager if you wish to be listed among the Brass Pounders. The fellows who start some good messages will go far toward becoming honored members of the Brass Pounders’ League and they will be on the road to successfully competing for the Traffic Department Trophy. On another page of QST you will find in- formation regarding the summer short wavelength tests that the A.R.R.L. is ar- ranging. All members of the Traffic De- partment are expected to enter the tests and to use their short wave transmitters and receivers to bring glory to themselves and credit to the Traffic Department. Get your stations ready gang! Who will be reported first in Europe using the five meter band? Who will be the most con- BRASS POUNDERS’ LEAGUE Call Messages Call Messages *8GZ 521 4FM 195 *8BYN 492 9DCX 194 6CSO 317 2AGQ 180 9XI 301 1DM 180 6CHS 276 8CYI 179 9DTK 254 *5XA 178 9SR 241 9SE 176 9AVJ 226 9BOB 170 9VN 203 2AHK 170 6ANO 203 9CPM 168 6BLH 202 9CXL 167 9ST 202 38BLP 162 9BPN 201 1BCC 151 ‘Stations in the Brass Pounders’ League Last Month. sistent station on twenty meters? one can enter the free for all Every- period of the tests with a transmitter. Who will turn QST FOR JUNE, 1925 in the best report of reception on the dif- ferent wavelength bands used for the tests? Remember that the information must be as complete as possible on each station heard. A report will be judged on the quality of the information contained in it as well as on the number of stations heard. Members of the Traffic Department are charged with the duty of representing America in the tests. Amateurs of every country where there are amateurs will take part in these tests. If everyone does his part in the tests information of positive value in advancing the knowledge of short wave communication will be obtained. The are of international interest. Let’s do OUR part. tests ATLANTIC DIVISION E. B. Duvall, Mgr. LTHOUGH messages are being handled in small lots, keen interest is evidenced by the reports from the different Traffic Department Officials of the traffic was handled on forty meters. The D.M. is still checking his file of O.R.S. The D.M. wants a postal card from every active O.R.S. n the division. Give the number of your certificate, the date it was issued, your call, name, and present address. State whether you are actively engaged in traffic handling or expect to be before next winter Certificates of stations not responding to our repeated 4 Most equests for information will be cancelled in whole- Fm fashion. New certificates for District Superintendents and City Managers have been mailed to all active officials. Those who have not received one may get it by writ- ng for it The D.M. wants to make forty meter schedules with a4 officials of the division. DELAWARE ting amateurs -Layton reports two new transmit- All stations are listening for NRRL f3BSS burned out his last tube. 3WJ has been doing using AC on the plates of his two five 3AUN is using a self-rectifying circuit, but is unable to operate more than once a week. 3SL moving. He expects to install a gas engine driv- ng a generator to supply the power at the new ad- dress. 3SL reports that traffic is being handled on uur upper waveband The A.D.M. and 8BSS are ooking for fifty watt tubes. MARYLAND—30U operates on works West Coast stations easily ontinue their usual good work. All Maryland district No. 4 stations are on short waves. 8KU and 3APV are using the twenty meter band with success. 3BML wants an O.R.S. appoint- ment and should get in touch with the A.D.M. 3DW is on forty meters and has copied NRRL several times. He wants to keep summer schedules with traffic officials throughout the Atlantic Division. 3TF has been heard in Australia. 3MF continues to be reported by European listeners. 3BMO uses the eighty meter band. 3AHA has taken unto himself an OW. 3AJD has moved. 3CGC burned out both tubes. SAEA has “junked” the motor generator set. He is using A.C. and doing well. 3FS is rebuilding fine work watters. meters. He 3BUR forty 8PA and 8LG and 8TE-3XAQ report QRN heavy. 3AAM was heard in England using a 160 meter wavelength. 8QI does good work on this wavelength. 3AQOJ has sold his 100 watt transmitter. 3LL has installed a motor generator set. 3PH, 3WF and 3DQ continue to use 160 meters. . Traffic 80U, 27; 83LG. 12; 8CGC, 2; 3BUR, 9: IPA, &: 3AEA, 8&8: 3HG, 37; 3KU, 10; 3APV, 24: sDW, 3 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Washington, the Mecca of sight seers, receives more visiting hams throughout the year than any other city excepting Hartford. g6UZ, a live wire Britisher, left his mon- ocle and spats in England and visited the Washing- ton gang He proved to be a real brother ham SCAG and 3ZW work on twenty and forty meters. 8ZW is also installing a transmitter to work on our uppermost wavebands. 8BPP had more antenna trouble than one fellow should have. The mercury arc as a high voltage rectifier is gaining popularity

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hers : ngton 8CKG and 3AB have perma- ner ed this type of rectifier, 8CDQ would opera f she knew that high voltage, like a Ford ess if handled right. 3JO laments the lack t in low wave traffic handling. 3BWT has : working on 80 and 175 meters. BH to stay quiet until fall. On the con- trar kes a greater noise than ever. “WH” of resumed schedules with 8IJ. Visitors entert the Washington Radio Club are 1ANB, SBF 8AGU, 8EU and 3EH. Tra AB, 36; SBWT, 54; 8BPP, 14; 3JO, 2. so N NEW JERSEY — Raser is making a nam elf. He is responsible for the new or- gar amateurs at Trenton. An interference . een functioning in behalf of the am- WE WONDER IF | —. i> ‘2Q2Cow | ES MILK IN MIS RECTIFIER INSTEAD OF 20 MULE TEAM ? at I Why not make it an ARRL Vigi- a ee’—D.M.) 3XAN uses a UV204A on x XM must be keeping twenty-four hour c) \ of traffic certainly gets handled. Sh lling most of the traffic for his district. BW s to be the star station for the state. Hi affic on twenty, forty and eighty meters. \ hook” clear in spite of QRN. 8BA is ff mn 75 meters. 3CB does fine work I ); SXAN, 81; 3CBX, 18; 3XM, 77; RM, 9; 80Q, 23; 3BAY, 2; 3BWJ, 6; A WB, 8; SBEI, 4; 8EH, 4; 3AS, 28; ENNSYLVANIA—A few reports came nth. a practise that must be discon- d delay in reports reaching Headquar- ports will not be recognized hereafter. » Mexico regularly. 8CTZ has enrolled Second Class, U.S.N.R.F. 8AVL used f wavebands. He was heard in Holland in i rS got out well on 20 meters. 3LK has a operator. a YL. S8BLP kept the motor , het. SBCL did fine work with an old en him by 83BNU. SAFW is a new mn. SAUV was heard in Tasmania. that traffic was scarce. SEU has a SCNU and 8CIR are new Billtown sta- interested in several YL’s. 8BQ with an indoor antenna. 8BVA worked i. New Zealand, Mexico, Porto Rico ‘ and Canadian inspection districts. 3BQP } rd in Seotland when using a “trick” an- f them are that kind, OM. 8RT ex- ference from high tension power lines. a loop to lessen the noise. 16; 8BQP, 20; 3ABN, 18; 3ZM, 6; 3, 11; 8SAVL, 16; 83BLP, 162; 8CDN, 8; LOC, 5; 83AVM, 3; 83AFW, 12; 8BAQ, 3: M 19; 3UE, 25; SAUV, 35; SQT, 28; AOL, 10; SBMI, 2; 8BPN, 5; 8BFE, 13; 6; 8HD, 24; 3BPM, 20; 3BCT, 12; PENNSYLVANIA — 8DOQ handled six } He reports 24 hour service to 7AFQ torage battery plate supply. 8AKI ®CL and 8BJT are suffering from the SBJT says traffic is light. 8SBW is mplains that Pittsburgh stations are ard when he has traffic. (How about gh? Can't some of you fellows cook up th him?—D.S.) He is on 81 meters. f the “ops” at 30U. 8UT uses four meters. 8JW is one of the “ops’’ at EO has been sick. The Telephone Com- | the poles to which his counterpoise was t repairs have been made and everything now SARC is minus a rectifier. He ttle, exercising consideration for his BCL neighbors. 8DNF avoids trouble ry BEL. by observing a quiet period from 6 to 10. -M. e relayed a good number of messages. 8CNW, 8CKM, 8CES, 8DLI and &BKH use microphones with their receivers for local work. Any stations in the counties of Alleghany, Beaver, Washington or Westmoreland are requested to write D.S. 8CEO, A. W. McAuly, 309 Third St., Oakmont, Pa. Pittsburgh: 8JQ@ uses a five watter or a 201A most of the time. He continues to work the West Coast as well as Mexico and Cuba. His traffic report is FB] 8BH is a “Ham” as well as an experimenter. He has a set working on forty and eighty meters. 8AGO, Manager of the Central Region of the P.R.S. Emergency System, has been busy organizing the “gang.” SAYW lost his antenna in a windstorm. 8PX and 8AKJ are planning to work NRRL on 20 meters. 8CCK is now on 75 meters. 8AUD gets many reports on his fone] 8CBH is on regularly. 8ADS and &8DSV are doing good work on C.W. and fone. SBJA is working in Johnstown. 8CHC op- erates his station. S8BYI is operating at WHBO and SATB. Myers was on the job on forty meters. No mes- sages get stuck at 8BRC. 8CQL and 8CWW are on 40 meters and working the West Coast frequently. 8XC-8GU is active in the experimenters’ section. 8BJV transmits on 77.5 meters. Good Pyrex insu- lators make a world of difference in his _ results. 8XBI is on Tuesday and Friday nights. 8BRM re- quests that stations accepting his traffic guarantee delivery or QSR. 8DKS is making an enviable record for consistency. 8DCV operates every day from 5 to 7 P.M. and from 3.30 to 7 A.M. 8ABS is QSO the West Coast regularly. 8DBL is busy planning to get down on 80 meters and will soon be QSO for traffic. His work this period has not been up to his previous record, but fierce Q@RN takes the life out of hams in the mountains, but the spirit is moving. Reliability is a great asset. SBBP keeps a late schedule and shows good speed in handling traffic. 8CHC is op- erating station SBJA. Traffic: 8DOQ, 6; 8BW. 7; 8UT, 7; 8JQ, 30; 8BHS, 19; 8AGO, 12; 8SAYW, 4; 8ALE, 3; 8CCK, 8; 8ADS, 3; 8BYI, 1; 8CWW, 8; 8CQL, 13; 8BJV, 38; SXBI, 12; 8BRM, 10; 8DKS, 17; 8DCV, 38; 8ABS, 19; 8SDBL, 12; 8BBP, 6; 8BJA, 20. WESTERN NEW YORK — Miller is on the job. SDRJ and SBXP used eighty meter wavelengths. 8AVJ worked on 40, 80 and 150 meters. 8APU is out of town. Stiles has several active operators. 8CFV, 8UF and 8DDV are doing fine work and report regularly. 8LX is operating at 8BCW. He has returned from his Signal Corps Unit on a furlough. Our old A.D.M. has taken unto himself a wife. Congratulations] 8CCR has a tube “perking” on 80 meters. 8ADG has been doing good traffic handling work. SAAD worked 3GC HELPS ACLA BROOKLYN RUN A HARD- N.Y. MENDS WARE STORE mocags about a dozen foreign stations this month. 8CIS had trouble getting his big “bottle” oscillating on the higher frequencies. SBCW usess a UV204A with 60 and 500 cycle plate supply. 8AOZ burned out his plate transformer. Tappan reports that SDER, 8DFK and 8AVD were the active stations in his district. Bostwick was forced to close his station for a short period on ac- count of the pressure of studies and A.R.R.L. work. New O.R.S. at Ithaca are 8ZU, 8ADM and 8BIC. They keep noon schedules with stations East, West and South. Young reports that 8AUH has returned from Flor- QST FOR JUNE, 1925

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ida. 8QM operates on 180 meters. 8VW is on night- ly for traffic work. 8HJ works on any amateur wave- lengths at will. He has worked every district but the sixth since March first. Nelson’s district handled a bunch of traffic. 8ALY worked every district, using forty meters. 8KS used forty meters. 8MC worked every U.S. inspection district and some foreign stations. SDRB did some good work with a “fiver.” 8SCYI leads the traffic men again. 8NB worked every district on forty me- ters. SBAJ is rebuilding. Trago’s district did well. 8NT used a 152 wave- length. SCTK has changed the house wiring and now has a D.C. plate supply. 8ADE got out well with a single wire antenna. 8AWA and 8DHI poked out in great shape. SAY and 8RV used forty meters. 8RV was heard again in New Zealand. 8BJ wrecked his transmitter. He now uses either a 500 cycle or a D.C. plate supply. 8QB spent his time on jazz and YL’s. The A.D.M. appointed 8BSF, 8CTK and 8RV, Mr. John Eichmann and Prof. Benedict V. K. French as the first Vigilance Committee for Buffalo, N. Y. Fossberg reported five active traffic handling sta- tions in his district. S8AXN worked everything he ‘ould hear with his big “bottle.” 8DGA and 8BQA worked the west coast regularly. 8BOE worked his antenna on second and third harmonics with good esults. S8BZF lost forty feet of his beautiful 100 foot mast. U.S.S. Sturgeon Bay is working “hams” and collecting information on short wave communi- cation. Operator Lloyd will answer cards from any- yne working “NITZ."" He will also accept ‘enlist- ments for the Naval Reserve, Tuesday night at the 174th Armory. Applicants may join at Dunkirk, Niagara Falls, Buffalo or Rochester. Traffic: 8ADE, 11; 8ADM, 4; 8ADG, 6; 8AVD, 22; 8AVJ, 28; SAFN, 20; SAOY, 45; SAWA, 10; SAY, 16; 8AXN, 25; 8BAJ, 28; 8BGA, 16; 8BOE, 11; 8BXP, 13; 8BRD, 6; 8BZF, 6; 8CCR, 10; 8DFV, 5; 8CTK, 5; 8CYI, 179; 8DDY, 4; 8DFK, 10; 8DFR, 17; 8DGA, 5; SDHI, 10; 8DME, 16; 8DRJ, 35; 8DSM, 11; 8HJ, 6; 8GB, 2; SKI, 16; 8KS, 16; 8MC, 6; 8NB, 34; SNT, 24; 8PJ, 5; SRV, 28; SUF, 13; 8VW, 10; 8ZU, 21; NITZ, 35; 8OX, 4. CENTRAL DIVISION R. H. G. Mathews, Mgr. ” ENTUCKY—More stations are on the job and K more traffic was moved this month. 9APS, after selling his 250 watter and giving up radio, is back on the job with two “fivers.” Hi! 9BNH has at last decided that a good voltmeter is cheaper than new tubes. 9BPB found no trouble in working West Coast stations with two UV 203A tubes. 9DWZ had trouble finding “fivers” that would handle 2000 volts, applied between the plate and filament. Louis- vile O.R.S. men had a meeting with 9ELL for the irpose of reducing QRM. 9MN and 9ELL are con- ylidated. They use twenty, forty, and eighty meters ‘HP is operated consistently. Several reports were eceived from Scotland. 9ARU is still using 150 meters. 9WU has some new tubes. OHIO—Dist. No. 1: P. M. Barnes, 3321 Blancard, Toledo has just been appointed D. S. &8CCI has a two letter call, 8E@ S8AA has been using twenty and forty meters with good re- sults. 8BZQ is the activ station at Van Wert. 8&PU and 9ZY have dismantled their stations. 8&FU seldom operates. SBRU is using an indoor antenna. 8DND has a D.C. plate supply. Two more men on the job oper- ating 8BGU and 8EX. &8BN is using the eighty meter band. A dozen active sta- tions are operating in Find- ley. 8DHS spent the month

S$D0z CHKAGO 1S AN < ACROBAT

4 waiting for a new mast. of 2 8AOE is working on the 98S lower wavelengths. 8OAE has rebuilt the entire sta- tion. Dist. No. 8: No one has communicated over any startling distance this month. Evidently the fellows in this district have not tried twenty meter daylight transmission yet. However, some of the gang are getting ready for it. SDRX has been doing good work on forty meters. 8BPWN still leads in handling message traffic. Some of the Cleveland gang ought QST FOR JUNE, 1925

to give him a little competition. 8BPL is a new O.R.S. He turned in an excellent report. 8UK made a big noise with his new 250 watter. 8KC kept operating. YL’s don't bother him because he’s married. The Mahoning Valley gang have taken up the tweny, forty, and eighty meter wavelengths like ducks to water. We rap on wood whenever we

GAIW 1S A PAPA 3 TIMES ALLREADY AND HAS SECOND OFS IN TRAINING ~Bux + PBQ. think of QRN. Radio work this past month has gone to the regions described in Dante’s Inferno, as SBVR has so aptly expressed it. Dist. No. 4: S8DNQ is actively operating again. SAYU did some daylight forty meter work. 8XAV at the University of Cincinnati, operates regularly. They have done some wonderful work. 8BFB used the forty and eight meter bands. All stations in the future who do not report regularly will lose their O.R.S. certificates. Dist. No. 5: The D.S. tried to take the traffic honors. 8GZ, a two-man station, turned in the best report, however. 8BBH is busy with school work. 8DO is building a twenty and a forty meter trans- mitter. 8CBP did good work on forty meters. He is building a twenty meter set. 8PL worked the West Coast. 8GZ worked g2VW at noon, using a twenty meter wavelength and a 250 watter. SBYN handled his League. work in good shape and was heard several times in England on forty meters. The D.S. is making a McCaa Band selector. He wants to get in touch with other stations who intend to try traffic work through the summer with the aid of one of them. Traffic: 8GZ, 521; 8BYN, 492; 8APR, 119; 8DPN, 55; SXAV, 50; 8BFB, 43; 8AYU, 40; 8CCI, 383; 8CBP, 32; SBPL, 31; SBN, 30; SBSW, 28 8AVX, 25; SBAU, 24; SANB, 20; 8DNQ, 17; 8DMX, 17; RSCTA, 16; 8PU, 16; 8DO, 15. 8DCB, 13; 8BZQ, 13; SDRX, 12; 8PL, 10; 8KC, 8; 8UK, 8; 8TJ, 5; 8DSA, i: SALW, 4; SAA, 4. 8DKM, 8; 8BTC, 3; 8AWX, 2; SDCF, 1. ILLINOIS—Dist. No. 1: 9EIB is rebuilding his station. He has worked every U.S. inspection district und Mexico. 9AVH has been recommended for an O.R.S. appointment. 9BHT reports that traffic on forty meters is light. 9NQ sends in the usual report. S9AWU moved his transmitter. 9BZQ has a broken ankle which he got while vaulting at college. Dist. No. 2: 9CTF sends in a good report and the messages to prove it. Sorry that you could make the Brass Pounders’ League, OM. 9DLO worked every district using an eighty meter wavelength. 9RQ worked the second, third, and fourth inspection districts using a single UV 201A tube. 9DXL worked the West Coast regularly. 9ELR lost a tube about the middle of the month. He has a new Ford car and lot’s of YL’s now. Joliet men are rebuilding. 9DZR suggests an Official Wavelength Band for message handling. The D.S. and A.D.M. approve the suggestion.. 9ELF is moving. 9ARM is rebuilding his station. 9CA is Radio Engineer at the U-S. Veterans Hospital No. 53. Dist. No. 8: 9MC has resigned as D.S. 9ATT recommended as his successor. 9ATT has taken down his big antenna. Using a single wire aerial and counterpoise he seems to get out better in the daytime than at night. 9AHJ burned out his tubes. 9CSW, 9AFQ, and 9CMN mention nothing of geenral interest. 9CZL suffered the loss of his masts during the late storm. 9CLJ has a new 203A tube. 9BHX has dismantled his set. 9DQU is using the forty meter band He worked New Zealand twice Vv

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BLO is rebuilding his new broad- WEBQ. 9BLO made a reputation the recent tornado. He gave the the disaster to the newspaper vv The southern part of Illinois is ! everyone is doing relief work. \“ the reports next month through, the active O.R.S. at Rockford. reased activity but Waukegan that they cannot get traffic into QSO the west coast regularly. his power. 9AGW worked both watter. 9DOU and 90S have /ALW is rebuilding his trans- ing forty and eighty meters. hool athletic activities. O.R.S. certificates for 9RC and cancelled because of failure to lling in Chicago has shown a since the contest for the cup | Marquis of 9IX was announced \ sy with school work. 9DPC is WH worked every district with his irranged schedules all over the ed z2AC. 9DWX handles some Ww fic every night. He has been heard wice. S9AAW-ZW was operated by this month. 9CFS was quaran- time SAPY is using the low tried the forty meter band. His he reduced his wavelength. 93BWP ew plate transformer. He is re- na insulators with new glass was heard in England, France, Mexico, and Canada. He had to ; 9IX, 191; 9CXL, 167; 9CFS, 78; 9AWH, 61; 9RQ, 54; 9BNA, 50; i1; 9AIO, 40; SAFE, 36; 9DQU, APY, 31. 9AYB, 31; 9BHT, 28; 9EIB, 19; 9AGW, 17; 9ELR, AAW, 14; 9PBH, 14. 9CR, 14; 9DQR, 10S, 10; 9DZG, 10; 9CLJ, 10; 9DGA, CA, 9: 9AHJ, 7; 9BLO, 6; 9DZR, 6; MQ, 4; 9AFQ, 4; 9BIZ, 3; 9CSW, 3 ( 4 Ww t No. 1: 9DTK received little ffic handling this month. S9BBY win some prizes. 9BTK has been

BELIEVE ME ! WORK FoR MY TUBES

a geen wits eR CARRIER . simrt ha yrgeatleny

x-9BEK. They worked all districts EHM sent in a good report. 9DB now 9ABZ applied for an O.R.S. AFZ lost two “fivers” last week nterested in certain YL’s. 9BMV is tation. He applied for an O.R.S ATO burned out the high voltage ate transformer. 9EVL worked with a “fiver.” He easily worked tA is still trying to make a tube meters. 9BKR says he is leaving r 9CAS operated consistently. wavemeter. ONY has been using meter bands. 9HW spent some motor generator noise for neigh- CVI arranged a schedule with SR used wavelengths of forty and /BIB operated consistently and f traffic. 9CWZ is working at was busy pushing a plow. 9CHE hich and low wavelengths. 90M used 76 meters for daylight work. 9AZA has planned a real “HE” set for fall. Official Relay Sta- tion reports are due on the sixteenth, City Manager reports are due on the eighteenth, and District Superintendents must report on the twentieth. 9VD will be operating an emergency transmitter tuned to 39 — — = wy az fm 15th. is replaces the % and 156 ——, — which ~~ 2f have been on the job every Sunday morning date Jan- LUMBER JACK vary. Our traffic must not suffer because of short wave work. Listen for 9VD Sun- day mornings after May 15th. 9VD and his YL will journey through the Hudson and Atlantic Divisions from May 20th to June 4th. i , Diet. No. 3: 9ALA has IZ changed his circuit and <a worked some, using a 76 ) "HONK" ywRLl meter wavelength 9%AEU WONDER WeHo and 9DWH have a schedule. sent US THIS They exchange news for Acct - their school papers. 9DKA LOCUPATION $v, is a new station at Holstein. 9EMD is rebuilding. 9DCT worked nearly all dis- tricts in daylight using a forty meter wavelength. S9BVA sent in a small message report and no news whatever. 9BYJ is very busy at school. 9BYE is building a BCL tuner. Dist. No. 4 9DCX worked both coasts with a W.E. 216A. 9PJ and 9AB got fair results using a 200 meter wavelength. 9CVG used both forty and eighty meter wavelengths. 9BSO operated on sched- ule with a “B” battery plate supply. 9AZN is doing fine daylight work using a forty meter wavelength. 9AKY is another example of a good man gone wrong. Spring and a certain YL are the cause of his down- fall. 9BKC was heard in England using a “fiver.” 9BFI used an A. C. plate supply for one “fiver.” 9AGD at Dodgeville was recently married. 9BLF tried a “bluebird fiver.”” It went soft; we guess that she sang too much. 9EIL has reduced the propor- tions of his transmitting coil to suit it to eighty meter work.

~~ —_. —< ty lai Z

Dist. No. 5: 9ELI covered distances within the state consistently in daylight. He reached all emergency stations using a seventy-eight meter wave- length. 9DPR, Lee O. Blair, 602 Winter St., Superior, has been appointed Superintendent to succeed Bridges who resigned on account of the pressure of other duties. Traffic: ,.9DTK, 254; 9SR, 241; 9DCK, 194; 9BSO 148; 9AZN, 140; 9BBX, 127; 9ELQ, 105; 9BIB, 76; 9DPR, 70; 9BTK, 58; 9CWZ, 57. 9ALA, 57; 9AEV, 51: 9EHM, 45; 9DVJ, 36; 9DB, 31; 9ABZ, 29; 9BKU, 29: 9AFZ, 23; 9CII, 21. 9CHE, 20; 9DKA, 19; 9BMV, 19: SEMD, 19; 9ATO, 16; 9ELV, 15; 9EAR, 15; 9AZR, 14; 90M, 13. 9PJ, 12; 9BKR, 11; 9VD, 11; 9CVG. 10; 9BLF, 9; 9DCT, 8; 9CAS, 6; 9AEE, 6: S9AKY, 6; 9BVA, 4. S9DHG, 4; ONY, 4; 9BKC, 2; 9AQD, 1; 9HW, 1. INDIANA—Dist. No. 1: 9AUC has a new latticed tower. He uses enameled antenna and counter- poise wire. 9DRS has been having tube trouble 9CAP has been doing successful short wave work on several of the amateur wavelengths. 9EG reports that things are very quiet at Muncie. 9CXG is busy with his farm work. He says one wavelength is no better than another. 9BKJ also reports no luck with an eighty meter wavelength. 9EHU is a new O.R.S. He makes good use of the eighty meter wavelength band. 9DBJ had tube troubles. 9DLW has built some splendid B.C.L. receivers. SDPJ used forty meters. 9AXE is a new O.R.S. who is rebuilding. 9CLN has a good radio phone trans- mitter working. 9AZK operated on forty meters. Traffic: 9A9UC, 66; 9EHU, 62; 9APJ, 42; 9EG, 24; 9AXE, 21; 9CLL, 20; 9CXG, 12; 9AZX, 9; 9BKJ, 8: 9DRS, 6: 9CAP, 4: 9CLN, 3; 9DBJ, 1. CLUBS ILLINOIS—tThe Chicago Radio Traffic Association held its regular meetings of the first and the third Thursdays of the month. The wavemeter contest and competition for the cup offered by Mr. H. Marquis of 9IX is keen. A 50 watt tube is offered by the Association for the best wavemeter. At the last QST FOR JUNE, 1925

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meeting Mr writers’ Love of the Laboratories fjoard of Under- interesting talk on Chicago gave an the automatic telephone, explaining in detail how the different selectors worked INDIANA—The Indianapolis Radio Club, Indian- ipolis, Ind., was active. OHIO—The DX Radio Club of Canton was re- organized. The new officers are: Don Ploesser, President, R. M. Fetzer, Vice-President, Louis Ripple, Secretary, Henry Spilman, Treasurer WISCONSIN—Mr. I. M. Myers of the Milwaukee Radio Amateur’s Club, Inc. reports that a Hotel Service plan has been adopted. Amateurs of that club will place blanks in the various hotels for radio relay traffic handling. Catel and Knoff award the three prize medals to stations having the highest traffic totals. Hoffman of 9EK gave a fine talk in twenty meter communication at the Club meeting f March 26th. The QS party was a success in every respect The LaCross Radio Ass'n. has been affiliated with he A. R. R. L. The officers of the Club ar A D. Sanial, President, 9AZN; Leslie Jenks, Secretary DAKOTA DIVISION D. C. Wallace Mer. INNESOTA—The Vi ports this month Dist. No. 1 9AYQ reports that traffic is very ight on the 150-200 meter band 9ADS kept day- ight schedules with Minneapolis and Duluth sta- tions Interference caused B.C.L’s is severe so he *bserves voluntary quiet hours. 9EEP did a good bit if work early mornings. 9EGF will be on regularly ull summer He is going after more traffic. 9AOG feliows sent in some good re- is a new O.R.S His station used two UV201 tubes and he turned in a good report. 9DKR has been testing on forty meters and he turned in a good report He handled the largest amount of traffic for the district. 9EGU has moved the antenna system ind rebuilt the set. 9CMS has moved to Long Prairie where he is starting a radio shop 9CDV burned another transformer Traffic: 9DKR, 31; 9EEP, 21; 9EGU, 19; 9ADF, 9; ADS, 6. 9EGF, 4; 9AOG, 3; S9AYQ, 2 Dist. No. 2: 9CAJ and 9CYX uphold their reputation f being hard on “‘fivers.”” four more took the count this month. 9BFU sent in his report by wire tele- graph 9RD got very good results using forty meters. 9AXS has been very busy. S9BYY has dropped his wavelength to eighty meters 9SF SCDV ~~ SDKR 7 OK SEAY 9Dx1 9aL $" “SEGF QA SAFI 9BMR SCWN SAND EGU CM 395w om Aw ~~. MF 3BBV SCPO SMB \SCOF FAB SF DEF ORF ‘ k cy 9BYY 900P 9BTZ 90CH SEGG € | Ty MINNESOTA DAYLIGHT TRAFFIC ROUTES and 9BVS have consolidated. They use one “‘fifty’’. 9BFO operates occasionally. 9EBC has had good success using a wavelength of 21 meters. 9DDB uses a dry cell battery plate supply. 9ACT is success- fully using the lower wavelengths. 9BBJ worked all districts on forty meters. He is trying out QST FOR JUNE, 1925 9SW is seldom 9CER also finds short wave receivers home long enough to operate much. hard to get any time at the key. 9BTZ is in regularly. 9CXO’s new station works well. 9DDP is rebuilding. 9CGH uses the eighty meter band to ad- everai new vantage. 9BNF worked several foreign stations in the south. 9EGG found some time to try a twenty meter wavelength. 9JI has a real “HE” station SAIR has an accurately calibrated receiver. 9COF has been busy with his business. 9MF worked 9EFD is interested in twenty and forty meter work. 9BBV has been busy with farm work. 9MB still uses our upper band of wavelengths 9CPO worked across the Pacific regu- rly four or five times a week. eral foreign stations raffic: 9MF, 76; 9AWM, 67; 9CPO, 26; 9EFD, 18; CYX, 17; 9CAJ, 10; 9SW, 9; 9DDB, 8; 9DDP, SBBV, 6; 9RD, 6; 9EBC, 5; S9COF, 5; 9BTZ, 3; /EGG, 2. 9AXS, 2; 9BZI, 1 Dist No. 3: Nearly all successful men are working on forty meters or lower. BCL interference thus minimized. 9XI leads the Division in traffic handling this month. They work on twenty and orty meters. Bill Zeidlick of 9CDV is one of the taff of eight operators. 9BPN has shown con- stently high reports all season. 9SE and 9CPM ent in five reports. 9DAW worked nearly all foreign countries. 9ZT is the second station in the country to work across the Pacific on forty meters. He worked j1AA. 9APE, 9XAX and 9BMX are success- fully operating five meter transmitters. Did some exceptionally twenty meter work. 9BTT has been heard in Japan. Traffic at 9DGE has dropped on the ast month. 9IG was reported from good distances He uses “S” tubes. Traffic: 9XI, 301; 9BPN, 201; 9SE, 176; 9BOB, 170; 9CPM, 168; 9BPY, 71; 91G, 68; 9ABK, 62; 9CIP, 49 9DGE, 32. 9DPX, 31; 9BNK, 27: 9DDV, 17; 9DAW, 15; 9ZT-9XAX, 11; 9DYZ, &; SBTT, 8&8: 9APE, 8 SBOL, 8&8: SBQJ, 7; 9DEV 9DAO 9BMX, 4 9BIS, 3; 9ASW, 1 DELTA DIVISION B. F. Painter, Mgr. FT°HE report for this month is small. There have I been quite a few changes in the personnel of this division, which may have something to do with the size of the report. As soon as the new officials get on the job we will have more to say 5KC has gone to sea for the summer. He resigned as A.D.M. of Louisiana and we have not yet ap- pointed his successor Janin, 5KR is the new Mississippi A.D.M. Rush, 5CN, is the new Tennessee A.D.M. The division has been in financial difficulties but we hope by the time this is printed everything will be clear. Tennessee has been taken out of the 5th Inspection District and placed under the 4th District Supervisor. This means the cancellation of all calls. New “4” calls will be issued in their place TENNESSEE—The Memphis gang hokl weekly meetings at different ham stations. Sutton has been elected C.M. They are out for traffic handling. Wil- lett, a new member, turns in an excellent report and 5FV of Nashville are both working MISSISSIPPI—Watch for 5AGM, a new O.RS working at summer B.S.A. camp. On June 1 it opens for traffic handling. 5AKP and 5QZ turn in in- teresting reports They are going after real traffic The Meridian bunch is the livest in the division 5AEK ARKANSAS—The Little Rock C.M. reports for DOC Hunter in his absence. 5ABI broke his mast 5HN uses a fifty watter on 80 meters. 5AIN is getting out on 180 meters. The Little Rock hams are going to call on their local B.C.L. Club and show them what they are doing Traffic: 5ARB, 40; 5AKP, 22; 5AGS, 13; 4AEQ 5 5AGZ. 15. 5ANN. 21: 5ARG, 15; 5AQY, 10; 5AUR 70: BAGN. 17: BCN. 16: 5EK. 50: 5KA, 75; 5JV, 13 QH, 23; 5QZ, 20 HUDSON DIVISION E. M. Glaser, Mer. FIAHE second District is well represented on the lower waves. Over fifty stations are on forty meters alone Traffic is increasing on these wavelengths and the quality of the messages is very good No more so-called “rubber stamp” messages are floating around A great deal of rebuilding is going on The dfficials are all working hard and getting However, there are always some vil better co-operation.

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» good record. All reports must be xteenth of each month. Committees are forming and many on. In New York City there will each borough and another com- entire city to work on the more com- f interference. All committees are r traffic officer and give him a com- rt on the fifteenth of each month. | outline or summarize the work for the month. DO NOT FAIL the duty of every red-blooded these committees his utmost sup- ITY—2CWR is busy helping BCL’s. od foreign work and handling a The Y.L. does most of the oper- W. Va. The “fiver” at 2CVL M is doing fine work. 2BEE has i for an O.RS. appointment. two operators, worked a few He was right there with deliveries I has also worked a few foreigners. very active on account of mov- active traffic station in Brooklyn. Europe using 12 watts input. on forty meters. He will be at L. L this summer. 2ADC is us- WZ has changed his wavelength to lown to forty meters, John? Work ed to the twenty and forty meter Sea Islands and other remote worked. All O.R.S.’s must report or ment in with the Manhattan report send in some news. 2KR again ndling the most traffic. 2AEP is a Queen's station. 2RB is busy at wing a “fifty” on eighty meters. commended for an O.R.S. 2AKK t because of the low power used, he is much traffic. 2BQU is busy at Col- nding a radio school. He expects to ticket. 2CIS is erecting a new ects to work on 20, 40, 80, and 150 n South America. . 42: 2BBX, 87-d13; 2CEI, 22; WR, 2; 2CYX, 84; 2CVL, 8; 28M, 35; », 41; 2BRB, 14-d4; 2CRB, 57d1; 60-d3; 2AEP, 24-d8; 2CHK, 6; }; 2KR, 85; 2BR, 17; 2CZR, 28. 1; 2ACZ, 73; 2AKK, 5; 2CEP, 15- NEW JERSEY—Dist. No. 1: 2CJX his transmitter. 2CTQ worked the i found plenty of traffic. 2ADU has He hears all continents except Asia. home from College “brass-pounding” AJA burned out his 1000 volt generator. have been recommended for O.RS ARB is rebuilding. 2CGS is chief \ BLM has worked “BW” at -AJF does Vigilance Committee nd a few surrounding towns. 2CDR reports that this is the first eports arrived on time. 2BW had the first district convention at BAW operated on a wavelength » a UV201. 2BMR is busy with his erates on forty meters. He worked luring a thunder storm. NRRL and heard on forty meters. 2AXF West Coast easily using a forty meter has changed his transmitter to band. 2AFJ worked all districts. lot of traffic. 2AFC can be heard with stations in all directions f the local power company is ex- _owenty and forty meters under ZB 1CQZ claims that all good O.R.S 180 meter wavelength. 2AEK is the stor at 2CQZ. 2AMB is rebuilding rest of the Plainfield bunch are on 2AEY, the newest O.R.S. in the the largest number of messages. eport that 2BGO has left the game. -BZJ burned out a “fiver.” 2CGK is work. 2CPD handled a lot of mes- king almost every country in Eu- eceives cards from Europe daily. r star “DX hounds” worked good DX on forty meters. 2AUH was busy handling traffic. 2FC has not been operating much. 2CXY leads the district in traffic handling. Traffic: 2CTQ, 26. 2CJX, 7; 2CYV, 5; 2AJA, 5; 2CGS, 8; 2ARB, 5; 2BLM, 3; 2ADU, 6; 2ATE, 2; 2WR, 6-d3; 2AXF, 10; 2AFC, 22-d4; 2CRP, 47-dl15; 2BAW, 51. 2AFJ, 4; 2BW, 20-ds; 2ZB, 3; 2BIR, 4; 2CDR, 11; 2ACO, 30; 2CQZ, 28-d2; 2CRW, 3; 2QS, 11: 2AEY, 126; 2AEK, 20; 2AGI, 14; 2CYW, 4; 2CXY, 119. 2AUH, 26; 2BGI, 3; 2VUY, 14; 2CPD, 68; 2FC, 6; 2BZJ, 10. EASTERN NEW YORK—Dist. No. 1: 2KX handled more traffic this month. 2AV is doing some good eighty meter work. 2CXB-2ABD are trying to increase the efficiency of their set. 2CLG has been recommended for an O.R.S. appointment. Dist. No. 2: Peacox says that all the O.R.S’s are on their toes for traffic handling. 2AAN is using a Deforest “ten”. He likes it better than an over- loaded “fiver.” 2AHK used the 150 meter wave- length. He is the best traffic handler in the district. 2AJP blew his “fiver” and tried a bootleg tube. He has been recommended for an O.R.S. appointment. 2DD burned out Peacox’s German “fifty” so he is now using five and twenty meters with a “fiver.” 2DD and 2ADH get together every Saturday night to operate the transmitter. Operating doesn’t begin in earnest until about 2 a.m. because they have so many funny stories to tell each other. 2CIL just got his set working nicely when folks decided that the cellar would be a better place for it. He can now sneak in by way of the cellar door and operate without waking the whole family. 2BQB has a new filter. He has been heard in New Zealand. Dist. No. 3: 2SZ has been off the air for the greater part of the month due to the loss of a Kenotron. 2CDH changed his QRA. 2AGM is busy with school work. 2BM used a “fifty” and worked European stations regularly. 2ANM worked both France and Holland using forty meters. He was heard in England at noon. Dist. No. 4: The A.D.M. recently made a visit to Newburg. 2AQR’s home was made a temporary Headquarters. After the gang arrived a small sized convention was held. The A.D.M. wants to thank the bunch for the pleasant visit. 2CXG is using an eighty meter wavelength. 2AQR is a new O.B.S 2CYM operates on 150 meters regularly. 2BSE, using a fifty watter and eighty meter wavelength, has been heard all over the country. 2AII has been sick. 2AGQ has worked Europe at last. 2AOX is a new station in Newburgh. 2CNP is too busy to operate regularly. Dist. No. 5: Most of the fellows are using the forty meter band with fair success. e’re sorry to hear that 2BY has been dismantled. 2ACS was heard by a ship near New Zealand. He worked only six Europeans this month. 2ADM and 2ACP have combined. They have a “peach” of a new shack. Using forty meters they have worked several Europeans. 2CPA is moving. 2CGJ is a new O.R.S. who is in touch with the West Coast regularly. 2PV has moved again. 2AWF kept the city on the map. He handled traffic for a Chicago firm three times during the past month, and got an answer through 9CBZ, ONV, and 9EIN. They phoned the messages and got an answer in a very few minutes. All this work was in broad daylight. 2AWF, using forty meter wavelength, has worked every district and been heard in Europe. 2GK worked several European stations and also g6YM, the Cunarder “Samaria” three times during her recent trip across with a 45 meter trans- mitter on board. A special pipe antenna, 30 feet high and insulated with glass, has been erected for twenty meter work. Traffic: 2KX, 39; 2AV, 38; 2AAN, 42; 2AHK, 170; 2AJP, 19: 2DD, 26: 2COV, 12: 2BQB, 101. 2BM, 46; 2AGM, 20; 2CDH, 15; 2CTH, 6; 2SZ, 2; 2ANM, 44; 2CXG, 56: 2AOR. 44. 2CYM, 24; 2BSE, 2; 2AGQ, 180; 2ACS, 97: 2CGH, 40; 2ADM, 14; 2CGJ, 11; 2CPA, 10: 2BY, 7: 2GK, 5: 2AWF, 11; 2PV, 8. MIDWEST DIVISION P. H. Quinby, Mer. EBRASKA—Dist. No. 1: This month's report N indicates that activity is diminishing with the approach of the summer season. 9DUO has been operating with fair regularity. 9AWS doesn’t seem to be able to get his circuit ad- justed satisfactorily for short wave work. The 80 foot mast at 9CIM came down again and smashed his neighbor's garage. 9EGA has consolidated with QST FOR JUNE, 1925

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wavelengths 9DAY, 9EW, 9NL. 9CJT operated regularly using of twenty, forty, and eighty meters. 9DUO, and 9CJT attended the Radio Short Course and Convention at Ames, lowa. A report of this will appear in July QST. 9EW who has been in- active for some time, is operating again. 9BNU has burned out all the tubes he owned. 9EB sent in an interesting report. 9BYG at 9DXY heard jlAA and worked 6CGW using a forty meter wavelength Dist. No. 2: 9EAK did some good week-end work 9CGQ burned out some tubes. 9DQC is very busy with school work 9PN did some good work with his “fiver... 9BDU worked four “Zedders,”” one Australian, and was heard three times in England. 9DAC also did well with a UV202. 9AKS operates whenever possible. 9CBK used a UV201A as an oscil- lator for the transmitting set. The Vigilance Committee for Lin- coln is being organized. It is hoped that the little trouble which has been experienced wil! disappear now. Traffic: ONL, 58; 9AWS, 21; 9DUO, 28; 9CGS, 7; 9CIJT. 6; SBNU, 15; 9EB, 44; 9AKS, 55; 9EAK, 60; S9BOQ, 8; 9EHW, 6; 9DQC, 6; 9AFR, 26; 9CGQ, 6; 9DXY, 10. MISSOURI—A _ general banquet and hamfest was held at St. Joseph April 18th. One hundred ama- eurs were present, including ree OW The weather was rainy t everyone had a good time. Dist. No. 1: 9ACI and 9DMJ have been operating on river barges. 9DMJ has a relief operator at his station. O9DLB is active. SBRU lacks certain necessary apparatus. Both 9ZK and 9BEQ have a 250 watt “jug.” SIH, 9CGN and 9ELY are mentioned for consistent work. ®8BDS is hunting for a permanent location 9BHI operates regularly. Several stations are using forty me- ters with good results. The remaining stations are busy testing. 9CGN is the star traffic handling sta- tion, Dist. No. 2 The traffic man’s algebra is written wxX—HxX ORT, using a UV201A, was heard in England and New Zealand. The plate input was eighteen watts. 9CYK transmits with a bug key nd a tennis racket. Some speed! 9ADH is a new Whitesville station. 9AYK reports more traffic mov- ing on eighty meters. 9DIX bets on his 80 foot mast They won a contest with some trees in the vicinity during a recent windstorm 9BVK had ve misfortune to lose his gutter-pipe mast. 9UI und 9DAE have had no luck with continuous wave ransmitters. 9DZO and 9DAE are buliding stations with heavier equipment. 9ST came home from school and handled a bunch of messages. 9TJ did his share f message handling. He arranged, by radio, for the Kansas City fellows to attend the banquet. 9ZD made some tests using twenty and forty meter wave- engths. 9RR .and 9ACK “crammed” two trans- mitters and a receiver into a “flivver’’ bound to the St Joe banquet At St. Joe it rained on the transmitters during the banquet and coming home 9ACX stepped on the receiver Clubs The St. Joe Club’s activities have been mentioned. The Kansas City club organized a Vigil- ance Committee. The newspaper announcement was lly written and as a result letters were received asking the committee to eliminate static, local broad- astine stations, and every kind of a radio pest ex- cept that one which we were particularly looking for. BCL’s two hundred miles from K.C. wrote the mmittee. The S. E. Missouri Club with a member- hip centered around Cape Girardeau and Jackson re testing with portable sets working on twenty nd forty meters. A station in Houston, Texas is assisting in the test work : Traffic: 9CGN, 48; 9ZK, 30; 9BEQ, 20; 9DMJ, 19; 9DXN, 10; 9BHI, 10. 9DLB, 4; ORT, 5; 9DOO, 4; 9AOB, 13; 9DKG, 6: 9DJI, 2; SUI, 5: SADR, 12; 9DOJ, 2: 9TJ, 61: 9ELT, 30: 9ST, 202. 9RR, 17; 9AYK, 10; 9DIX, 3; 9DAE, 6; 9CRM, 7 IOWA—The gang have been busy preparing the radio play which was given at the radio convention Ames. 9BRS-9CLG worked both coasts consistent- ly. 9BKV had trouble with BCL’s. 9AVJ, and 9BKV were first, second, and third in Iowa message handling. 9DDK made some good distance records with a “fiver.” S9DMS was heard by e2LZ He sese a four coil Meissner circuit 9DRT has a QST FOR JUNE, 1925

MEET A MIDWEST BUNCH! 9BSZ, 9CBY, 9ATN, S9ARZ.

using twenty and forty meter and 9DKY operate one station 9CGY is a new O.R.S. 9DAU 9AVJ worked over eight hun- new transmitter wavelengths. 9AMI using the call 9LQ. has two good “ops.” dred stations and handled a lot of traffic on all wavelengths. He worked all U. S. districts, Canada, England, New Zealand, and Australia. Only a couple of “‘fivers” were used. Can you beat that? 9CXX was heard in England and New Zealand. He worked Porto Rico, Mexico City, and the East and West Coast using twenty and forty meter wave- lengths. 9HK is rebuilding. 9CS has poor results

Left to Right—Top Row:, 9RR, 9DIP, 9CKF. Middle Row: 9BOG, 9DBK, 9DJD, Bottom Row: 9AYE, 9CLQ, 9BPF, 9DXY, 9XBB. with his tube transmitter. 9LC, in one night worked Mexico City, Canada, the East and West Coasts, and he handled two messages with a New Zealand station. There was a large attendance of amateurs at the Iowa Radio Convention Traffic: 9BEW, 96; 9BKV, 114; 9BPF, 32; 9BRS,- 9CLG, 85. 9CZC, 87; 9CZO, 22; 9DEX, 119; 9DMS, 12: 9DRT, 14; 9DOA, 5; 9BCD, 52; 9DAU, 43; BZE, 7; 9AVJ, 226; 9CGY, 14; 9CS, 4. KANSAS—Spring school work and QRN are re- lucing Kansas activity. 9DLM operates occasional- 9BVN was the star station. 9BGX and 9BXG also handled a goodly amount of traffic. 9DMZ is a new station who made a good showing. 9DNG re- eived his “S” tubes but has no oscillators yet DNG, 9EHT, 9ZE and 9AJU, attended the feast St. Joe. 9BGX used our higher wavelengths with ood results. 9ACQ received a report from New Zealand 9CUL worked both coasts. His trans- mitter causes the next door BCL no interference 9CFI used a forty meter wavelength. He got a <teen inch notice in the local papers about his with foreign countries. He is in a position arrange schedules using any amateur wavelengths above nineteen meters. If interested write him 9CCS erected a drain pipe antenna Dist. No. 2 9CVN used a “fifty” and made some ! 9AIM has a new flat-top antenna. 9BRD and 9BIO are rebuilding. Wichita stations are doing good daylight work on the forty meter wave- length band. 9CEA has added several more foreign countries to his list of records 9CKJ, 9EBZ, and 9ECL visited the Lyons gang They took an airplane ride, hunted some “CQ” birds, snd went home with a whole bag full, and a box of empty shells. 9DDP lost his call. He will operate at 9AUN (an OW.) The Russell gang have com- menced rebuilding work records Trafic: 9AFP. &: @BRD. 4; 9BIO, 7; 9CEA, 5; OCVN. 11: 9BVN. 108: 9BXG, 57: 9BGX, 58; 9CVL, 11- OCFI. 3 VACQ. | QW. 4: 9DNZ, 30. 9CCS, 6 NEW ENGLAND DIVISION I. Vermilya, Mer. H. CHASE, A.D.M. of Eastern Mass., has re- B iened on account of other work Mr. Waldo Kelley. 1CPN has been elected to fill the office. » word h been received from OM Kelley since b mvention Ix

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».M. of Maine, has resigned. This m your D.M. to get all O.R.S. your new man and notify me. wire and have lots of pep. MASSACHUSETTS—1BCN joined the iA worked across the Pond in day- meters. IBUO is now a full fledged ZO handled a lot of traffic using only forty meters he worked both Europe for traffic handling this month. ne some fine international DX neters at noon. LAIR worked many LAXA “clicked” with the “George W she was at Bremershaven, Ger- t out well. 1ALL was busy. INV mishaps that kept him inoperative. bunch of traffic this month. 1IAYX ISE worked Holland in daylight. 1GA, 99; 1BUO, 41. 1AAC-ZQ, 5; 1SE, 7; 1CC, 19; 1UW, 6; 1LM, 12; LAYN, 28; 1AYX, 4; IKY, 51; 1BS, 78; 1ABR, 3; 22; 1OV, 10; 1AIR, 16. 1CMP, IRE—I1BJF heads the list of traffic th. 1ATJ worked 8YOR on 38 ked g2CC and “LR” in Brazil. 1YB, 52; 1AVL, 51; ICKK, 15; l IBNL has worked 5NW ylight using forty meters. 1KX M and ADPM jobs but will still be in AUR is using an indoor transmit- IPD had a race with 1AUR this fic honors. 1ACO is coming down to ; 1ALK, 22. 1AUR, 8; 1BHR, rT, 16; 1KL, 41; IKX-1AXQ, 93; IBUB, 53. report from district No. 1 in- been the best month for traffic \ couple of stations really collected ends and BCL’s that helped the thers may profit by this example. set works better since he blew educed his wavelength and many ne down toward twenty meters. ); IBDX, 95. 1AJG, 17; 1FN, 10; ND—I1AWV is back after rebuild- LEI was heard with good strength in nd it hard to raise stations in the ing forty meters. He is our man this month. 1AID also f traffic on forty meters. ILAWE, nartz's dope, succeeded in wreck- tubes. 10W is doing good work meters. IBCR handled in an 1BW ISA MACHINIST AND HIS MOeGY (S MAKING CQ MACHINES ILI is out of commission. ty meter “bug.” 1ABP has worked mes. IAOA is on regularly every me mornings early. ILAFN worked eard in Italy. ICMP have formed a combination. d wonders by establishing contact 1 daylight. 1AAP worked across in } He has worked New Zealand. IBVB has his “junk" operating in an outside shack. 20M was a visitor recently. He spent a couple of excellent nights with the set. 1QV is moving to Mystic, Conn. Traffic: 10W, 10; 1GV, 5; IBCR, 45; LlII, 2; 1AID, 27; 1BIE, 6; 1BCC, 151; LAWB, 15; 1ABP, 27; 1AAP, 13; 1BVB, 63; LAOA, 18. WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS—Dist. No. 3: 1ARE has worked all districts using fory meters. He reports twenty meter transmission unreliable. 1CLN has a new transmitter and his signals are reported much stronger throughout the East. 1VC has been operating quite regularly. Dist. No. 4: 1BSJ, Springfield C.M., requests station owners to forward their reports so that they will reach him on or before the sixteenth of each month. Springfield stations should report to him instead of to 1BLU or 1AWW. Many stations are using the twenty and forty meter bands. IABF had excellent results with those wavelengths. 1BSJ gets out well with two “fiver.” IPY has been re- ported in England five times this month. 1IBVR operates every Sunday at his Westfield station. Dist. No. 5: 1BIZ-1SZ “blew” a brand new 203A tube. This station is located at Northampton and is the logical outlet for Smith College. Readers hav- ing YL’s at Smith College please note. 1KC and 1AKL are both on twenty and forty meters. ICI worked Europe. Dist. No. 6: 1BOM had four visitors from. the Springfield Radio Association. He entertained them at his station on Shelburne Mountain. District No. 7: Since the convention and the talk by Reinartz, everyone is reducing wavelength 1AQM has been QSO a ship operator on schedule every evening of the ship’s voyage across the Atlantic The ship signed “LN” and used a 100 watt trans- mitter. 1AFC worked good DX with low power 1BIP did some fine work during the fall and winter His results were mediocre this month. 1YK uses a remotely controlled transmitter. ILADN has moved his transmitter to Worcester. He works on this 75-85 meter band. 1IBBP was troubled by a rough note from his motor generator set. He now reports that the trouble has been overcome. 1AKZ is work- ing the West Coast. 1XZ used forty meters this month. 1CPN did good daylight traffic work. 1JV has moved to a new location. The Committee in charge of the Convention want to thank those who helped to make it possible. Traffic: 1ICPN, 30; 1AKZ, 14; 1AQM, 33; 1BBP, 7. IBQK, 12; 1BKQ, 2; 1ASU, 42; 1DB, 12; 1AAL, 5; 1BIP, 6; 1XZ, 24; 1JE, 24; 1AFD, 14; 1VC, 21; 1ARE, 4; 1PY, 57; 1BSJ, 1; 1ABF, 83. IBLU, 8; 1AWW, 25. CONNECTICUT—Messages moved faster than usual this month. Our best stations are on twenty and forty meters. 1AVX reached out well. IBFI is organizing a Radio Club for amateurs in Hartford. FB, OM! I1CPV has moved. 1FC has gone away for the summmer. 1APA is taking the right stens to get an O.R.S. certificate. 1AOS is at college. 1BHM is an active station in New Haven. 1AXZ was heard in NZ and five other countries. 1BM reported the usual activity. 1BGC has been helping the BCL’s to alter their circuits so that they can eliminate his signals. 11V gets out well on both forty and seventy-five meters. IAXN handled more traffic this month than he has handled for a long time. 1AZR worked everything going using one fifty watter 1ZL worked 6CGW, 6BJJ, c4CR and 4SA with an input of 18 watts. 1MK has been dismantled. The new 1MK will be located at the New Headquarters QRA, 1711 Park Street, Hartford, Conn. and will operate on two or more of our wavebands. Traffic: 1CTI, 4; 1ADB, 41; 1BGO, 17; 1AXN, 53; °F 1AZR, 38: 1IV, 5: 1ZL. 8: 1AVX, 23; 1BFI, iCPV, 76; 1FD, 4: 1APA, 45; 1AOS, 8; 1MY, 5 IAPC, 5 NORTHWESTERN DIVISION Everett Kick, Mer. UST it be repeated to those O.R.S. who NMI neglected to heed last month’s gentle warn- ing that certificates will be cancelled with no further warning? The D.M. wishes every O.R.S to write him. He wants to know what stations wil! be in operation during the summer. Station owners not operating may, for the asking, have their O.R.S. certificates suspended until September. This is not compulsory but it is suggested to avoid cancellation of certificates for failure to report each month. When a certificate has been cancelled another wil! not easily be obtained. QST FOR JUNE, 1925

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WASHINGTON—S matter, gang? Don't let a few sunny days and warm nights make you think sum- mer is here! 7GR has worked NZ twice and Japan four times with 25 watts input. The DX weather is not all gone yet. Get the “low-down” by being down low. Then we will have good radio weather the whole year. How about those schedules that we mentioned last month? Have you tried the “five point” system? If you haven't you are miss- ing something. Your A.D.M. is QRW and hasn't worked a station in two months, EXCEPT ON SCHEDULE TWICE A WEEK. It works FB and keeps the hook clear. 7DF takes the traffic honors this month for the entire division. He worked N.Z., Australia, and the Philippines. Save up your old shoes and burnt out tubes for 7FD, fellows Cigars will be appreciated by the gang. 7KU is using the Heaviside layer to suit his DX requirements by chang- ing the length of his antenna. 7OT is doing fine on 40 meters. 7MA is also saving money to buy the gang cigars this fall. TADQ finds the YL QRM severe. 7DC worked N.Z. using forty meters. TAIF is in Alaska. 7RH is at sea. 7WS-ZZ is on the job TAHA works the east coast regularly. 7NH and 7AFB get out well on 80. 7LH has found merit in the use of short waves. 7NO is busy rebuilding '7GB, 7AFO, 7GY, 7PZ and 7AGI do good work whenever they operate. 7PZ was heard in NZ. T7FN and 7ABB report that traffic is light. 7RY is doing some research work. 7GE-ZX’s new YL was born April 16th. Traffic: 7DF, 102; 7AFO, 47; 7DC, 26; 7GR, 23; 7KU, 238; 7FQ, 21 7GB, 20; TABB, 19; TOT, 16; 7WS, 14; 7LH, 14; 7AHA, 13; 7TAJY, 13: TRY, 12; 7GE, 9; TFN, 8; 7GY, 7; 7MA, 7. TAJV, 2 OREGON—7QD was the only O.R.S. appointed this month. Many new stations replace the old timers Daylight work is in order, and many sigs are heard all day long on 20 and 40 meters Few sta- tions are using the 150-200 hands S has in- reased his DX to 11,000 miles. 7LI is a new sta- ONE OF THE BEST-KNOWN SEVENS tion at Gold Hill 7UJ has been in daily com- munication with an amateur on a ship bound for Japan. He relayed messages from the U.S. until the ship docked at Yokhohama. 7UJ uses only one “fiver.” 7GQ was also QSO. 7MF and 7GJ have the highest message totals. 7LR has taken out a license for life. He is a married man now. 70K lost his “fiver” but has a “fifty” on the way. 7KG reports good contact on forty and eighty meter bands 7TAKK, 7ADM, 7QD, 7MF, 7LS, 7GQ and NI work on twenty and forty meters QST FOR JUNE, 1925 rraffic: 7MF, 43; 7GJ, 40; 7GW, 27: 7OK, 21; iLQ, 20; 7TND, 18; 7IW, 16. 7AV, 15; 7SY, 14; ALD, 13; 7VQ, 18; 7QD, 12; 7AKK, 8; 7KG, 2. MONTANA—7EL handled most messages this month and worked all districts with spark coils C.W 7GS moved this month. 7ACI has dismantled. 7NT has erected two new aerials. 7ZL has left the game. ‘AFP bought 7ZL’s M.G. He gets out FB. 7MB ses “SW” tubes successfully. 7MX had the “flu.” 7DD uses 78 meters. 7HM is busy at school. 7MP found that RF chokes for high frequencies are critical. 7KZ handled several messages using TEP UNGA ALASKA IS ‘A JUDGE on amplifier tubes as oscillators. THY and 7WP are working on their transmitters. Traffic: TEL, 26; 7KZ, 20; 7DD, 11; 7HM, 11. 7MB, 7; 7MX, 1; TWP, 9. IDAHO—The gang are doing excellent work. Let's keep the ball rolling! Use the short waves this immer Miss 7SI leads the traffic handlers this time. T7ACF is using 80 meters. He said he raised a BCL across the street. 7AHS was busy melting fivers. His set now works ok on 80 meters. 7OL has moved to Delco. 7MU got married. We expect the YL on the air for Idaho. 7TUH is rebuilding. 'GW has been away on a trip. 7QC is moving to parts unknown. 7GX uses an “S” tube rectifier. 7JF is among our best DX men. 7QP, who pub- lishes that well-known paper called “Key Klicks” is ‘hollering’ for more news. We need the paper immensely. Support him everyone. TYA is still on the 150 meter band. 7RQ has a hard time raising station on 80 meters. 7VU worked Japan using a “five”. T7OB worked all districts the first two days he was operating. 7KC is seldom heard as he is away so much. Traffic: TSI. 57; 7JF, 37; 7UH, 36; 7ACF, 27; 7AHS, 25 7QC, 24. 7OB, 6 PACIFIC DIVISION M. E. McCreery, Mer. FT“HINGS are moving well in the Pacific Division Arizona has shown wonderful development. 6ZZ is to be congratulated on his success in hat state. In the past the D.M. has been more or less lax in his attention to division affairs. He is definitely set- tled now, having sold his business He expects to give the old Pacific Division a good going over. New activities are welcomed and new routes will be whipped into shape. More work is being done on forty meters. Active stations are expected to ar- range schedules for traffic handling. Ail active stations desiring to become O.R.S. should communicate with their local traffic officials or with the division manager. Fred Schnell, Babcock, McCreery, and sixth dis- trict Radio Supervisors gave interesting talks at a meeting held in Oakland. Vigilance Committees and the Naval Reserve were subjects discussed at this meeting. Vigilance Committees are being formed in Oakland, Berkeley and San Francisco. Complaints from BCL’s will receive prompt attention and the adoption of voluntary quiet hours will be considered. Willis, 6TS, of Santa Monica, is with NRRL. Am- ateurs should carefully consider the opportunities made available on joining the U.S.N.R.F. Let’s make the Pacific Division lead the rest of the country in Naval Reserve work XI

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ported that certain stations are re- fusit pt messages from adjacent for Oak- i rancisco. This situation will not be RS. appointments will be cancelled $9 \ JRN does not prevent good work in A ‘ reduces the reliable distance over wt nay be handled. The Cottrell plant at make the slightest interference now. Rav hat QRN is worse in Phoenix than in any n Arizona. He has a new “fifty” x been heard in New Zealand, Aus- , co, the Philippines, Canada and in 4¢ took forty-five messages from Eastern t ehts alone. 6AAM did good work 6ANO handled a good bit of er." Mr. Blalack handled some |; 6AAM, 8; GANO, 203; 6ZZ, 4. oO using the eighty meter band. \ 1 a 1500 volt generator and will was engine. He works on forty and BEH and 6AJP handle traffic well. tor m owners are anxious to arrange hedules for traffic handling. 6ATN, 5; 6BEH, 3; 6AJP, 5. \LIFORNIA—Many of the gang are and forty meters. Some of the to any required band. Work with \ New Zealand has fallen off consider- a keep in contact all summer. San [ schedules with Los Angeles men. have been organized and are in San Diego are good. Radio Ass'n is active. ng quiet hours from 8 to 10 P.M. th the broadcast stations. 6CHX lay. Saturday and Sunday evenings. fiver” do consistent communication dies San Diego traffic. He was the an Diego to work Hawaii. 6CGC is » boost the figures in his traffic re- vuble with his motor generator ew counterpoise and antenna. 6CHS test amount of traffic in this divi- He works on forty and seventy-six ked all districts with twenty-two OP tried a 200 meter wavelength. length was so quiet it reminded } He didn’t want to be classified ‘ red his set back to eighty meters , been experimenting. 6AIB moves t rections. 6VD operates occasion- ing two new transmitters to use meter wavelengths. Yonditions Amateur AFG leads the gang in traffic hand- r antennas. 6BQR is on forty had hard luck with his 250 watter. new fifty watter. 61H was asked the following message via ARRL. operation. (sig) Father.” No lon’t stand up. 6CSW works out Vv and 6BJX are rebuilding. 6RF with the RL’s. 6OF is handling . school work. 6CTO had a visit ’ neighbors. They brought along wanted to see his license. 6CM in Franciseo. 6US is busy sup- the BCL. 6AHP has been using SS is getting out fine. 6BUW is tal for his eighty meter trans- ed all districts using forty me- his schedules with NZ and ranging a schedule with 6ASR ang in this district are trying on the map. Everyone is or eighty meter bands. 6CMD lule with 2CUB. 6ASV has been nning to install a “fifty” soon. vuble getting his transmitter to eters. 6CDG was heard in France. 76; 6CGC, 36; 6ZH, 30; 6AHQ, BAS, 18; 6SB, 9; 6CNK, 17; 60P, 7; 6VD, 5; 6CBB, 27; 6AFG, 72; 6CTO, 50; 6BBV, 28; 6BJX, 31; 6AJI, 42; 6AHP. 4; 6GBUR, 24; LI 14: 6CMD, 26: 6AAN, 10: 6JJ, BES, 23: 6AQK, 16; 6RN, 52; 6BBQ, Two sta- 6CLP handled 601 heads the list for DX. With a lone “fifty” he has worked JIAA in Tokio, 7Q@S on the CENTRAL CALIFORNIA—Dist. No. 4: tions did exceptionally good work. most traffic. SS West Jenaat in Yokohama worked a2BK, a2YI, a3BD, a5BG and z2AC. He clears a bunch of traffic and also sends press news to KFUH. 6AJZ burnt out his tubes. 6AMM has been hear- ing NRRL and jlAA. 6BMW reports having had difficulty in working Los Angeles stations. 6CKV is using forty meters. 6UF frequently worked the East Coast. 6UW mounted his motor generator set on four tennis balls to reduce the noise. 6NX burned out a tube while adjusting his set for twenty meter work. 6BON is experimenting. 6ZAH is busy with school. 6BDT was heard in South Africa. oHC is manufacturing some water-cooled tubes. 6ALW has a new rectifier. 6CFI is ready for forty meter traffic. 6CLP handled most messages in this district. 6CJD is a new O.R.S. 6CCY lost a tube. 6AOI prefers the forty meter wavelength band. 6AME, using a “fiver.” was heard in France, Eng- land, India, China and the Philippines. 6CJJ did nearly as well with his little tube. 6ADB handled a lot of message traffic. 6AFQ was busy at school. Dist. No. 5: 6CW has heard GHH1 of Mosul, Mes- opotamia. 6AWW burned out his tubes. 6DG worked five inspection districts. 6CPW is the sheik of the sand dunes. 6RW worked z2AC and jlAA. 6CKK is still using 174 meters. 6BQL operates whenever he gets opportunity to do so. 6BIF is re- building. G6BAA used two “fivers” with good results. 6AMS has done fine work with other coast stations. 6CSN has a schedule with 6ALS of Honolulu. 6CLV sailed for Alaska with the Packers fleet. He worked jlAA at Tokio with a UV202. 6HJ has trouble raising other stations. 6CHE is again an O.R.S. 6CSL blew some tubes. 6HH is busy at school. 6AWT worked Japan and a ship off the Chinese He has now been heard in forty-three coun- tries, fourteen of whom have been worked. 6CHL has worked jlAA several times. He has cards from France,, India, China, Japan and the Philippines. Dist. No. 6: Amateurs in this district should send their reports to George Becker, Jr., 830 Fallon St., Oakland, Calif. 6CCT is high traffic handling fa 6BEZ coast. tion. 6BNV is on twenty and forty meters. is the possessor of a card from Macoa, China. 6BEZ is going to Europe this summer. 6CLB just rebuilt his station. 6CQG is building a transmitter, using a master oscillator power amplifier circuit. 6SR (his tube having departed) tied a piece of crepe to it. He will operate again as soon as Dad supplies the “long green.” 6AVH worked jlAA with thirty watts input. 6BIP-TI are using two fifty watters ina self-rectifying circuit. 6GU handled most Berke- ley traffic. 6QV is busy preparing for final exami- 6CEG used nations. 6AJF is also busy at college. the forty meter wavelength to good advantage. 6ARB and 6CKC were busy with their women. 6CLZ has been heard in N.J. and he worked 9CIP in the middle of the day. 6BFU-6IM worked a2BS on forty meters. 6ZX-6KR is building a new electrolytic rectifier. Traffic: 6AJZ, 1; 6AMM, 4; 6BMW, 9; 6CKV, 32; 601, 34; 6UF, 2; 6UW, 8: * 3; 6CLP, 100; 6CJD, 16; 6CCC, 1; 6A0 , 6; 6CII, 4; 6ADB, 31; 6AWT, 15; 6HR, o, cS, 5; 6HJ, 6; 6CLV, 88; 6CSN, 39; 6BUF, 28; 6AMS, 11; 6BAA, 16; 6AVH, 4; 6CQG, 28; 6CEJ, 12; 6CLB, 17; 6UR 2; 6CCT, 75; 6NH, 5; 6BNV, 16; 6BIP, 32; 6KR, 2; 6GU, 60; 6CDP, 8; 6CEG, 8; 6CLZ, 11; 6BQL, 2; 6CKK, 7; 6RW, 10; 6DG, 4; 6AWW, 12; 6CW, 23 HAWAII — The Hawaiian Islands are again QSO with the mainland, due to the fact that the shorter wavelengths are in use. 6ASR, operating 83 meters, established a new DX record for Hawaii by working 1CMP. 6ASR is ready to handle all traffic for Hawaii and New Zealand. 6CST is doing his share in traffic handling. 6ALS worked the mainland. Some trouble was experienced with swinging signals. NRRL has been heard working on eighty meters. Traffic: 6ASR, 15; 6ALS, 14; 6CST, 2. ROANOKE DIVISION W. T. Gravely, Mer. RTH CAROLINA—Dist. No. 1: The fellows N turn in good reports despite the QRN. 40G did 4AF was on 4TW has moved 4LO is now fine work on all wavelengths. the air during the Easter holidays. and says his set isn’t a portable one. using a fifty watter, 4RF is rebuilding. QST FOR JUNE, 1925

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Traffic: 4RF, 55. 40G, 53; 4TW, 6; 4LO, 3. Dist. No. 2: The star district reports by radio from 4MI to 4JR. 4TS is getting a new shack. 4PE is reaching out with his fiver. 4SX was heard in England. He handled a bunch of messages. 4GW is moving. Two “100 footers” will enable him to work the far places from his new location. 4NJ has trouble raising anyone. He says his wave is too sharp. 4MI is using 44 meters. Traffic: 4MI, 93; 4NJ, 25; 4TS, 23; 4CW, 17; 4PE, 3 Dist. No. 3: 4HR has a new MG set. 4RY uses ten watts input and 80 meters wavelength. He handles a good bit of traffic. 4JS did good work dur- ing the Easter holidays. 4JR works through the QRN as best he can.. How well that is shown in the traffic report. Traffic: 4JR, 122; 4RY, 40; 4JS, 15; 4TJ, 5. Dist. No. 4: 4BX has been ill and in bed all the month. He says the doctor refuses to let him do a thing. 4NT-MA are working on forty and eighty meters daily from 5:45 to 7:00 p.m. 4RU has gone to Chicago. 4UN has been trying to get a steady D.C. note. 4RW is the traffic leader. Traffic: 4RW, 30; 4MA-4NT, 18; 4UN, 3. WEST VIRGINIA—SBLI is working on 79 meters. He is on daily after 9:00 p.m. and all of Sunday morning. Shoot him your traffic. SAIP is ex- perimenting with tube grid-leaks for the elimination of key clicks. 8ATP on 40 meters is stepping out high, wide, and handsome. Has stacks of foreign ecards. 8BJG works on 75 and 40 meters. 8BLI is looking after installations for the American Foundation for the Blind. He has charge of this work for the local Boy Scout Council. Two sets have been installed and more are on the way. 8ASE- SAXG made a record for handling messages in his city. 8BSU-8AKZ worked the West Coast using a “fiver.” 8BSK is experimenting. That's his hobby! SDFM is planning a tour of the country. He will visit Western hams. “Mac” made some great records with us. The division that gets him will get one of our best. VIRGINIA—Dist. No. 1: 3RT is a newcomer 3AFX is getting out well. 30L is trying to get license renewal papers made out to suit the govern- ment. 3SB is on the job despite discouraging results 3MK has a good station. He uses one fifty watter with fine results. 3CKA uses two UV202’s with a well-filtered rectifier. 3TI is using 3MK’s “twenty watt” set while 3MK uses his transformer for sup- plying a 50 watter. 83CKK has completely rebuilt and is with us again. 8CUJU is erecting a 55 foot tower. Dist. No. 2: 83BMN worked England, Mexico and the West Coast regularly. He handles a bunch of traffic. 3HM and 3UY are operating on 175 meters. SAPR is on nightly on 80 meters. 3CEL is changing to eighty meters. Dist. No. 8: 83BGS handles his traffic with one five watter. 3BFE is on 76 meters three nights a week. Dist. No. 4: 8BZ is using twenty meters now He reports excellent results. 3CA gets g2KF on 45 meters much louder than on 80 meters. 3CKL has visited several hams in other parts of the division. The D.S. at Norfolk called at the office of the R.I. and found that no complaints of QRM from hams had been filed there. ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISION N. R. Hood, Mer. TTAH — This state turns in a fine report. We welcome all new O.R.S. and wish them luck. new certificates will be mailed just as soon as possible. Dist. No. 1: 6CJB is the only station in this dis- trict. 6CKI has turned in his O.R.S. certifictae for the summer. Salt Lake City: There was some improvement in traffic handling this month. 6BLH handled most messages and takes top seat this month for Utah and the Division. 6BUH spent his time doing five meter work. Other men interested in five meter work in this section should get in touch with him. 6RM- 6ZBS is again in operation. We expect this to be a traffic handling station. 6CR is a new station. 6RV is awaiting his O.R.S. certificate. He is using the forty meter band. 6ZT has volunteered to in- stall a few sets in homes of local blind people. The first set was received from the American Foundation for the Blind this month and has been installed. QST FOR JUNE, 1925 A meeting of League members was held in Salt Lake City April 30th in an effort to build the organ- ization here and to increase League activities. The following O.R.S. certificates have been cancelled: 6CKI, 6PE, 6APL and 6ZM. New O.R.S. are: 6BUIL, 6RV, 6CRS, 6CRR and 6RV. Traffic: 6BLH, 202; 6CRR, 57; 6RV, 13; 6RM, 2; 6BUH, 1. COLORADO — Dist. No. 1: 9BVO was operating — possible. He will be more active when school closes. Dist. No. 2: 9CDE and 9EAE handled most of the traffic. A new Colorado A. D. M. has been appointed. Denver: 9WO and 9EAM are new O.R.S. 9EAM leads the state in traffic handling. 9EAM is one of Denver's most consistent stations. 9DQG and 9CAA have a joint summer station. 9CAA was on regular- ly. 9DED worked on twenty and forty meters. 9WO is operating on eight meters. 9CJY reports QRM from a certain YL. 9DUN gets out fine on eighty meters. 9EEA has a new 90 foot mast that makes the neighbors shudder every time the wind blows. Colorado cancellations: 9AMB. Appointments: 9CAA A.D.M. of Colorado, Denver C.M. 9CJY,, O.R.S. 9EAM, 9WO, SCDW, SABC. Traffic: 9EAM, 73; 9CAA, 62; 9DED, 26; 9WO, 8; 9BVO, 1; 9CDE, 10; 9EAE, 12. WYOMING—7ZO has sold his transmitter and in the fall he will operate a new transmitter using twenty, forty and eighty meter waves. THX is oper- ating consistently. SOUTHEASTERN DIVISION H. L. Reid, Mgr. LORIDA—It is not customary for us to complain F of QRN, even though we have one of the worst QRN states in the Union. (Ask Don Mix, he knows!) The A.D.M. is grateful to his men for their splendid work in the face of the ever-increasing QRN, which is bad even on the shortest waves. Individual mention of European work is discontin- ued. European work has become commonplace with practically every station in the state. Only ‘foreign work of an unusual nature, such as extremely low power or long distance, will receive individual men- tion. 100% of Florida’s stations have been on short waves for some time. Nearly all «re using twenty and forty meter bands. The five meter band is being used somewhat for actual communication. One year ago Miami was the deadest spot in Flor- ida. Today Miami leads in traffic handling and in general activity. 4QY awards a monthly prize do- nated by the Burgess Battery Co., to the station handling most messages in his district. This prize is in addition to that given in the statewide “Station Conduct” contest. The Miami bunch holds regular meetings at 4FM, where their ‘pep tanks’ are re- plenished. 4FM is a new OBS whose broadcasts can be copied anywhere in the state in the worst kind of QRN. He handled most traffic this month. 4DM pushed him hard for the honors. 4VS has schedules with Jacksonville and Central Florida. He and 41Z handled a bunch of traffic. 4NE and 4IG still have dependable contact with Cuba. 4DM, the Don Mix- Burgess station, uses several wavelengths and keeps a daily noon schedule with the home station, 9EK, on twenty meters. Schedules are also kept with Florida stations. 4QY is a good relay point for through traffic. He keeps a schedule with 4DM and Cuban 2BY. Central Florida is alive with good stations. 4IU- 4XE continues his short wave research work. He and 4WR are in actual communication using five meters. Much data is being obtained regarding high frequency work. {TR is a new and active O.R.S. 4TV has a quarter KW tube on twenty meters. He has done good work at noon. 4JY also uses a quar- ter KW tube. He is installing a 1 KW twenty meter outfit. 4IZ reports an increased activity around Tampa. 4I1Z was heard in Macoa, China, by R. Saraiva. 4BL has worked all distrocts and Porto Rico. 4I1Z and 4OL are taking ship jobs. We shall miss them. 4QC and 4UA confine their work to forty and twenty meters. The Northern Florida “’ellows confine their work to the extremely short waves. A picked few stations are left for traffic handling. 4UK, 4KK and 4EZ handle most of this traffic. 4EZ has dependable con- tact with Georgia and South Carolina. 4UX keeps schedules with Southern Florida. 4UK, 4FS and 4DU are working on five and twenty meters. 4PI worked Xx — ~_

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laytime with a “fiver.” 4FS has CI They are displaying much i eaching out and qualifying for iDM, 180; 41Z, 107; 4TV, 54; ‘TI LY, 42; 4QY, 34; 41U, 27; 4UX, l iPB, 10; 4UK, 12; 4IG, 5; d 5XA are the leading stations > d good work with one operator x ators and moved a bunch of fic handling is \ West Coast. still increasing 5AEG is a new- TALL THIS WORLDS ya SET IN YouR , S) HOME FOR , P\ $237.69 OF KEY PUSHERS ARE SHoP MEN. 4MA RUNS A RADIC SHOP the best station contest of the Club 5AMH is operating with W at the key. 5WS is rebuilding. veteran. 5ZAS and 5MI are They report working 200 f 1% watts. 5QP is a reliable ARI, 5ARJ and 5AEF are bringing I nt eters using the short waves. 5QF ng 5AOM is getting married. ng this district by storm. m succeeds Brownell as A.D.M. um as D.S. 5SATP and 5DI are sn is having difficulty keeping his al His eighty-five foot mast was AJP works on eighty meters regu- heard on the West Coast. 5NL is ADA is one of our best operators. good work in Montgomery. 5ATP with a Washington state station. 5AUN are rebuilding their trans- a promising new station. XA’s outstanding traffic work keeps bama on the map. 5ADA, 30; 5AEF, 8; 5AEG, 36; \ 44; 5ARI, 18; 5ASU, 6; 5ATP, 59; IP, 44: SDI, 116; 5NL. 6; 5QK, 57; 5XA, 178. ‘ LINA—QRN is with us again but it’s ctivities to any great extent. 4IT ndling his share of the traffic. A has been installed at 4HW. 4RR- yn twenty and forty meters. W ; 4IT, 38; 4RR-4VL, 11. "O—4SA has succeeded in communicat- | States at noontime, using twenty He has copied several European wavelength at noon. 4JE is in nightly. He keeps traffic moving also 4KT is doing his part in iBJ at Cantano is the star station 401 are on the ; 4RX, 4UR, 4RK and iJE. 13; 4KT, 3; 4UR, 6 WEST GULF DIVISION Frank M. Corlett, Mer. T rEXAS—5DW used twenty and forty N sylight work. He is noting sta- * off the amateur wavelengths. nd 5CC were busy with school work. in France and Holland. 5NY has ter transmitter. 5AMB wants to yn 40 and 20 meters. 5LI, using n 76 meters, was heard in England. 70 foot stick. 5AQL has been rest- the Gulf QRN. 5AJT has not been in pressure of his business. sulators in a hail storm. operation because of the 5VU lost some antenna in- 5JF has built a new shack. He has organiz an active Vigilance Committee. 5Q¥ moved 137 messages “last’’ month. 5AFH ad- mits there’s only one YL for him now. 5ATX had trouble forwarding Texas traffic. 5UO is rebuilding. 5AMZ has his transmitter con- nected but hasn't made it oscillate yet 50Q needs some new tubes. 5ZH has been very busy. 5VD arranged a few schedules. 5AKF is the only active station at the top of the “panhandle. Dallas: 5AJJ spends a lot of his time checking BCL complaints against Dallas amateur stations. 5HY worked all U.S. and Canadian districts. 5ACL worked z2AC twice this month. He has to mail some of his traffic for towns not having a radio station. 5AKN is getting a new plate supply for his trans- mitter. 5VF has a twenty, forty and eighty meter transmitter working. 65WC is having trouble with a four coil Meissner circuit. 5RG is touring California and Canada. 5CZ will handle the traffic in his absence. Fort Worth: 5QI and 5NZ are busy with school work. 50OT operates a lot. 5RV has dismantled his station. 5AGQ worked a2YI the thirteenth of April. 5AQC has been busy with his business. 5AKQ is us- ing an amplifier tube with good results. 5CV has been studying preparatory to taking an examination for a commercial operator's license Waco stations have been observing voluntary quiet hours from 8 to 10 p.m. 5AKZ operates week-ends only. 5AFU is still using the “fiver” put in when his “250° went west. 5AFU is learning to be a 5ATX has been heard in England. All reports are necessarily concise. When more active material is included it will be given as much space as it deserves. All reports that are printed in QST have to be “boiled down” in order that everyone be mentioned. “Wire twister.” Traffic: 5JH, 12; 5CC, 2; 5NW, 2; 5LI, 14; 5ADD, 9: 5VU, 4 5QY, 33; 5ATX, 9; 5AMG, 6; 5AKF, 13; 5AJJ, 18; 5HY, 40; 5ACL, 27; 5VF, 25; SWC, 1; 5RG, 29: 5MZ, 6; 5AGQ, 22; 5AQC, 1. 5ASZ, 10; 5AKQ, 16; 5CV, 2; 5AKZ, 27; 5AFU, 11; 5ATX, 29. SOUTHERN TEXAS—Nearly everyone is using the eighty meter wavelength Daylight work on short waves makes communication through the QRN possi- ble. The Radio Supervisor was in San Antonio giv- ing examinations and inspecting stations. The Bexar County Radio Ass'n sponsored a meeting of Southern “hams.” Stations were visited, “eats” were provided and the fellows were entertained by FINE! YOUR TE PIN LOOKS LIKE A 250 WATTER!e€ 5GU ROSWELL N. MEX. 1S AN OPTOMETRIST guy contests and lying contests. Worth while The crowd was initiated into the order of “Knights of the Midnight Dial.” No one regrets having passed through the ordeal. 5ZAI, 5APM, 5EW, SC3 of Fort Brown, and the A.D.M. of New Braunfels were present. Great credit belongs to Conroy and his committees for the manner in which they handled the meeting. Traffic Officials and transmitting amateurs had a fine meeting. 5EI and 50X handled traffic regularly and over great distances. Galveston has two good stations in 5ZF-5AHH and 5AHM. 5AHM still does most of his work on 200 meters. Austin traffic is handled by 5ALR, 5FT and 5ZU. 5APM operates mostly during the early morning hours. 5MS changed for a five to a fifty watter. 5EW worked through the QRN on forty meters. 5HC, 5ACZ and 5UX did good work 1925 the speed prizes were awarded. QST FOR JUNE,

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7 n San Antonio 5UX has erected his antenna again after a storm. 5ABJ has left the radio game with- sut giving any reason. He wishes to extend his 73 to the gang. Traffic: 5EW, 23; 5APM, 7; 5MS, 52; 5ACZ, 65; SEI. 24: 5ZF-5AHH, 10; 5AHM, 7; 5UX, 6; 5HC, 12; 5ABJ, 6. OKLAHOMA — Not much gossip of a scandalous nature came to light this month. The fellows are forming the excellent habit of reporting whether they handle any traffic or not. New men are getting in ne Interest is shown in forming railroad emer- gency routes 5APZ asserts that he is still on the b 5ADO and 5ANL upheld the honor of Dist. No. 1 Oklahoma. 5ANL uses the 150-200 meter band. 5ADO worked good DX, using an eighty meter wave- length. 5ABE was operating regularly. 5AGN melted the top off his “fifty.” He is entering the “fourth” age of a ham soon 5UJ had hard luck raising anyone. 5APG’s “fiver” worked all districts on forty meters. 5ATV is building a 40 to 130 meter Browning- Drake neutrodyne. 5GJ unblushingly asserts that he is putting 500 watts in his antenna 5JU is doing fine operating and organizing work 5GO-DZ is arranging a 4 to 6 P.M. daily schedule. 5ASP joined the League. Trafic: 5APG, 3; 5UJ, 7. 5ADO, 17 5GI, 31 5ATV., 3: 5JU, 14 GO, 2 CANADA HERE has been a decided decrease in fs the DX aspirations of the gang and an equally decided increase in traf- fic in some of the divisions. A great many stations are on the forty meter band and a few are on the twenty meter band. Great things are expected this summer from the short wave transmissions, The Winnipeg Division has lost its pop- ilar division manager, Jack Brickett, who has resigned because of ill health. Walter Pottle of Moose Jaw, Saskat- hewan takes his place. All stations in the Winnipeg Division are requested to communicate with Pottle at once and to send him applications for appointment as ficial relay stations. Bill Borrett, the I.A.R.U. representa- tive of Canada is in Paris. He sailed the first of April and on arriving in England he visited the nearest London radio sta- tion, g5LF, and worked 1DJ of Halifax. $244.00 was contributed by the Canadian membership to send Bill across the pond. The A.R.R.L. has come to the rescue with the proposal that any unspent surplus of the $2,000.00 appropriated for this trip may be used to assist the Canadian repre- sentive. This amount is estimated at about $400.00 and it is sincerely hoped that the Canadian representative will be enabled to get away without spending all of this amount. In conclusion let me urge the members in Canada to correspond with their division managers as much as possible letting them know exactly what is going on in their divisions. Lack of communication is the ‘ause of much misunderstanding. A fre- quent exchange of communications’ by radio and mail is desirable. MARITIME DIVISION E. S. Campbell, Acting Mer. PT“HE division has had a. fairly active month I in spite of bad working conditions. We have done our best to “carry on” while our D.M. was in Paris. Much QRM has been caused by stations CQing on the foreign wavebands. This is not playing the game fairly with stations who have “traffic East.”” Stations concerned will please note and show » little consideration for the other fellow We regret that one of our leading stations, 1BQ, has given up regular working We miss his steady fist and clean-cut signals and wish him the best of luck in his future undertakings. The Thursday morning family party” on 120 meters is still popular QST FOR JUNE, 1925 NEWFOUNDLAND—c8AR is attending the IARU ynference in Paris. We expect great things from him when he returns. We wish him success in getting QSO stations outside Newfoundland. PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND—c9AK cut loose and did some DX work. cl1BZ is QRW with business. clCO ising the 120 meter wavelength. NEW BRUNSWICK—Good work was done by the few stations operating. clEI worked u6’s n’every- thing. The DX stations known when clAF is on He moves Westbound traffic well. clAI did some wonderful low power work. clAK has empty socket trouble. clAM and clAN are busy conducting tests. 1BO has trouble getting a decent plate supply. 1AB reports some new stations in his town NOVA SCOTIA—“Old Joe” (beg pardon!) clAR has been doing his consistent transatlantic work He is usually on the 40 meter band He has worked many Italians this month. clEB worked Spain, Italy, ind the Rice Expedition in Brazil. A particularly nice piece of work was done by him and clED while ‘1AW was in the hospital in Halifax. Reports were sent to Mrs. 1AW every second nicht. Services like this make traffic handling worth while! cl1DQ has been doing good work on the eight meter band. clAO is QRW with tests. One of our new station owners on the south shore got all “HET” He did good work just the same. clAJ is moving t the U.S.A He hopes to QSO the gang often. 1IDJ was QSO f8FQ for an hour and a half. He and clEB are experimenting on very low waves. Will all the gang who have O.R.S. certificates please take a glance over them right now, and also on the 25th of each month? A faithful promise should be kept. Traffic clAR, 12; clEB, 9: clAF, 10; cl1EI, 14; clAl, &; c1DJ, 16 ONTARIO DIVISION w Sutton, Mgr. EORGANIZATION of the Ontario Division has R progressed nicely and is nearly completed. We want more O. R. S Application forms can be tained from your A.D.M. The following are new- y appointed and re-appointed O.R.S. in order of appointments: 9AL, 3NI, 9BJ, 3EFP, 3CK, 3VH, 3AZ 3PH, 381A, 3ZD, 3ACO, 8FC, 3GG, 3BG, 3GL 8XI, 3XX, 83ZB, 3VW, 3MV, 3CO, 3KQ, 3AEC, 3AA, IFT S,ABG and 3AEI 3IA is a new OBS. We now have five in the division. 3AEC and 3ZB are w CM's It is a long time since we had one of our stations the Brass Pounder’s League 3MV made the rade with a little “fiver.” (Vy FB, OM-D.M.) Tet’s try and put one station there every month The Central Ontario gang are congratulated on their nze handling this month. Our C.M. of Toronto h worked in the afternoon using twenty meters AA has been the only station QSO N. Z. EASTERN ONTARIO—3AEL is a new O.RS SNF is on 75 meters. 3EN has a “fiver” working on rty meters He gets out in great style. 3GV ourns the loss of his Mullard “30 watter.” 3DO nas an aerial at last. 3AF, 3VO and 3AFP have been heard on the 125 meter band and are also working on the shorter wavelengths. This report leaves the A.D.M. on the tenth of the month. CENTRAI ONTARIO—3WV is rebuilding his tation 83WG has undergone an operation and is “f the air for sometime. 3GL is a new O.R.S working n 125 meters Toronto came back to life XV

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handling more traffic than ever before. due SMV. With one “five watter” he varly with the west coast and by con- ounding led the division in message MV is anxous to arrange a schedule in Norfolk, Va. 8ACH is rebuilding. watts input worked 1000 miles using 80 QSO “sixes” on 40 meters. 9AL ty meters occasionally. 3TF and 3LY traffic. 8CO-3ACU has the big bottles ely in tandem. 9BJ has a schedule The Trans-Canada traffic is sliding SVH has been busy getting the ance Committee organized. (FB—D.M.) M\ 214; 9AL, 117; 8FC, 102; 8CO, 75. R, 46; 9BJ, 84; 8EL, 82; 3CK, 32; 3AZ, STF, 8; SWV, 5; 3PH, 5; 3VH, 4. ONTARIO—3KP has two new towners. rh luck with his faithful old “‘fiver’’. of QRM on 80 meters. 83DH and rarily off with tube trouble. 3XX is with « atteries fiver. He is getting out FB. for plate and filament supply. heard in England. in St. Thomas are O.R.S. 3IA has 2 FB. S3ABG is a new station. 3ACO SOM has quit the game. 3IA worked ‘fiver.” He is installing “S” tubes. AC with an input of 80 watts. 3AEC ides of the conversation. 3AA and .R.S. SMS is on 40 meters and does XI makes the most QRM in Sarnia. ked LR on the Amazon. (Congrats, OM! Vand 38AD are heard occasionally. t in Windsor. The A.D.M. would like every ham in Western Ontario and yn of his station. XI. af Samm, 33; 3XX, 32; SMS, 10. 3AA, Jf ) RN ONTARIO—8NI-8WS still works the istently on a lone “fiver.” He has work Toronto, however. The station meters. He received a messare from in Fort William, phoned the mes- reply inside of 15 minutes. This WS, 77 QUEBEC DIVISION J. V. Argyle, Mer. ‘4 s an interesting month. Montreal am- re drawn closer together to protect rests. Advertisements appeared in the ened by a local lawyer, requesting om B C.L’s against “amateur broadcast- Counter-publicity was given us. Ac- two meetings which resulted in the nvited to hear our viewpoint. An reached by which six cases of QRM gated by a vigilance committee within © lawyer will give proper publicity to »f the Committee. The Division manager hank 2CT and 2HT for the loan of space refreshments at these meetings. ues to do good work broadcasting code B.C.L's (all request numbers, too]) on noons 2CG worked England, using a neths. 2BN has a new transmitter. to do good Canadian work on Wednes- was heard in Italy. 2AU handled a good fic. 2AX was heard in India. 2FO using forty meters. 2BG, 2CG and 2CM ting the power leakage noise problem. a better location. 2CB has worked ing a loop transmitting antenna. the Pacific Coast. 2HT is an old who is with us again. 2D0O has a fine en at vi VANCOUVER DIVISION Wm. J. Rowan, Mer. satisfactorily in spite of 5BA is in touch with He handles much traffic. stion is very satisfactory. Vigilance been on the job in Vancouver but do. The chaps who cause slight quiet hours voluntarily. (FB. ; moving | xperimenting. Australia. Calgary and Victoria do not need com- mittees as there are not enough active stations to warrant it. 5BA, 5AN, 5GF and 5GO have had a stab at 40 tnx—D.M.) meter work. That wavelength works well east and west until ten p.m. P.S.T. Sixth district stations are as loud in daylight as at night. The D.M. wishes to announce the appointment of Earle Chang 5GO as City Manager for Greater Vancouver. O.R.S. reports should be mailed to reach him before the eighth of the month following the operating month. 5HB can't raise stations when the hook is full but they come back by dozens when it’s empty. 5DS operated but one night this month. 5BZ hand'ed a bunch of traffic in two weeks of opera- tion. 5HS suegests that traffic handlers call “CQ Vr” instead of svelling out Vancouver. 5AH is get- ting his fifty watter ready to work. 5CR is going to leave the 150-200 meter band soon. 5BM is a new O.RS. 5AF and 5BJ have been suffering from local QRM, power leaks and violet ray machines, sometimes making reception impossible. 5BJ is on 125 meters. He works as far east as Toronto 5BF has installed a 50 watt Northern Electric tube. Since 5GF bought one the number in use has been constantly increasing. One of the gang got a letter from the Radio Supervisor. A lady said she was getting “terrible” interference during broadcast period even with all the doors and windows closed. Subseauent investigation revealed the fact that the ham in question had been testing a particularly rauctious loud speaker on local music with his window open. Hi! 5AS has been working in a power plant. 5HC has joined the ranks of the professional rock- crushers. 5HH has been heard in NZ. The A.R R.L. has a “op” on Herchell Island. One of the engineers sent there to install a Government sta- tion is a ham. He was intending to install a transmitting set working on the short waves but, unfortunately, all the “junk” including the Govern- ment’s was sunk with the “Lady Kindersley” in the Arctic Ocean. 5CT is busy getting his transmitter working on the ultrashort waves. 5HK is still a resident of Victoria. Traffic is moving well throughout Alberta. 4DQ has been logged in NZ and Hawaii. He is QRW with the OW fixing a separate room for the appa- ratus. 410 has a M.O. circuit perking. 4Ccw manages to hold aloof from the key. (In spring. etc. Hi!—D.M.) Traffic: 410, 4: 4DQ, 13: 5CT, 11; 5BZ, 57; 5HS, 87: BBA, 26: 5AN, 14: 5AF, 13; 5BM, 12; 5CE, &; 5HB, &: 5GF, 6. 5BF, 3; 5DS, 1: 5BJ, 1. WINNIPEG DIVISION W. R. Pottle, Mgr. ACK BRICKETT has resigned as D.M. because J of sickness. However, 4HH is not quitting brass- pounding by any means. 4AV burned out his German “thirty”. Our guess is that German tubes don’t like having English ap- plied to their grid-circuits. 4FA and 4FC are using eighty meters. 4CB operates each Wednesday night from 10:30 p.m. to 1:00 a.m. He uses both 75 and 125 meters. 4AA is using two fifty watt tubes. 4AQ is a new low power station. 4DQ and 4IQ “chin wag” together most week-ends. 4IX is experimenting with microphones. 4AJ will be on for the summer when he returns from the University. 4FV now handles most of the Regina traffic. 4BR is doing development work on a new “super-het” scheme of his. Jacobson, “op” at 10-AR, is installing a transmitter of his own, 4BF is with us again: 4BB is busy with the YL’s. 4E0O gets out fine. 4ER and 4AO are working on the short waves. Ex-4EC is winding a generator. O.B S. and O.R.S. will be appointed as soon as possible Now is the time to get some of those harmonics and growls out of the set and to do some operating We want as many stations on the air Wednesday evenings as possible. Let’s go gang! QST FOR JUNE, 1925

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connections. B PERFECT FILAMENT CONTROL Two columns of graph- ite discs provide step- less, noiseless control. Range of control is from 4% to 100 ohms, sufficient for all tubes without change of con- nections. One-hole mounting for panels. Table mount- ing for baseboards. Extremely compact. Easily substituted for wire rheostats. $1.85 In Canada, $2.50 The Bradleystat handles ALL tubes without change of There are many rheostats —but only one Bradleystat The smooth, noiseless, stepless control of the Bradleystat is the outstanding characteristic that places this remarkable filament rheostat in the front rank of perfect radio devices. Many attempts have been made to duplicate Bradleystat performance by using substitutes for the scientifically- treated graphite discs, but without success. It is not strange that the Bradleystat maintains its suprem- acy among radio rheostats! It was developed by engineers who have designed graphite disc rheostats for over twenty years. Have you improved your set with Bradleystats? Try one, tonight. Co. Electric Controlling Apparatus 277 Greenfield Avenue MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN MAIL THIS COUPON Please send me descriptive literature on the Bradley- stat and other Allen-Bradley radio devices. Name Bans netvibiniageiidestsecss ee

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