QST 1920-07: Vol 3 Iss 12

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rT A MAGAZINE DEVOTED EXCLUSIVELY TO THE WIRELESS AMATEUR mim Minn Mu Mon won im mm THE AERIAL AT 1AW, HARTFORD, CONN. COMPLETE DESCRIPTION IN THIS ISSUE. JULY. 1920 CENTS _—s — LI Tn OR-HICK: Ld MI 22 1-2 dk 2 a TT TTT L dll

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THE NEW “A. R. CO.” VARIABLE CONDENSER ted above is made in two capacities—.001 mfd. and .0005 mfd. yplied unmounted only but with dial and knob if desired. The plates are rounded on one end affording straight line capacity. | is of moulded composition, scale in white—0—100. Bakelite We can guarantee this condenser in every way as to quality, and satisfaction. The low price is decidedly an innovation. PRICES: Capacity Unmounted With Knob and Dial .0005 mfd. $5.00 $6.00 .001 mfd. 6.25 7.25 POSTAGE 10 CENTS THE “A. R. CO AMPLIFYING TRANSFORMER * A new amplifying transformer designed for use with present type vacuum tubes. Special attention has been given to the Impedance Ratio to give especially satisfactory results. This amplifying transformer is adapted for eithcr table use or back-mounting on a panel. The workmanship is good throughout. Nickel plated binding posts. Frame stampings in dull black with engraved lettering in white. “A. R. CO.” AMPLIFYING TRANSFORMER Price, As Illustrated POSTAGE 10 CENTS “BULLETIN 14”—describing and illustrating the best in RADIO EQUIPMENT will be mailed upon receipt of 10 cents in stamps— this amount may be deducted on your first order of $1.00 or over. LANTIC RADIO COMPANY, INC. OAD STREET BOSTON, 9, MASS

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No Seals - No Secrets There is only one Relay Receiver, the blue prints which accompany each Receiver. and Marconi patents. in the purchaser does not terminate with the sale. | Kelly and Phillips, Brooklyn, N. Y. A. H. GREBE & CO., Inc., 74 Van Wyck Blvd., Richmond Hill, N. Y. | — But Service ! TYPE CR-3 Relay Receiver Inspection of the interior of this Receiver reveals design and work- | manship fully in keeping with its outward appearance. The circuits used are thoroughly explained in the instructions and | The use of this Receiver is licensed under the original Armstrong The GREBE RADIO guarantee is absolute and unconditional. Each imstrument manufactured by us must give satisfactory service. Our interest | The CR-3 Receiver may be inspected at any of the following progressive | dealers’: Barker-Fowler Electric Co., Lansing, Mich. Manhattan Electrical Supply Co., New York, | Continental Radio and Electric Corp., New York Chicago, St. Louis Doubleday-Hill Electric Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Pacent Electric Co., Inc., New York City Holt Electric Utilities Co., Jacksonville, Fla. Geo. W. Parezo & Co., Washington, D. C. Huriburt-Still Electrical Co., Houston, Texas. F. D. Pitts Co., Inc., Boston, Mass. F. S. Katzenbach, Trenton, N. J. School of Wireless Telegraphy, Philadelphia, Pa. Western Radio Electric Co., Los Angeles, Cal. ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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Does This Senmneriine Atmosphere Bother You ? now that our best radio work is done during the winter— il, crispy, dry winter evenings when the ether is as clear as we also know—especially now that we are confronted the summertime is not over-friendly to radio work. The ddled ether, surcharged with atmospheric electricity, is by ideal medium for our radio waves. ies right down to a matter of using every ounce that’s in tters if we are to maintain any sort of transmitting range varm weather. r Mica Condensers stand for transmitter efficiency. They | by commercial, Government, and the leading amateur record-breaking transmitters all use Dubilier Mica Con- ially at this time of the year when atmospheric conditions ans favorable to long-distance work. If your transmitter »ble you to carry on your share of relay work, or if it does i with its summertime performance, it’s high time that a Genuine Dubilier Mica Condenser. Remember, there’s Condenser for your particular requirements. Max. Power Watts Tested Voltage Capacity Price 250 10000 volts 0.007 mfd. $19.00 500 14000 volts y mfd. 30.00 1000 21000 volts . mfd. 45.00 1000 25000 volts . mfd. 50.00 250 10000 volts y mfd. 21.00 500 14000 volts ’ mfd. 35.00 1000 21000 volts mfd. 50.00 1000 25000 volts ' mfd. 55.00 Prices on other sizes and capacities on application. Bulletin D1 is yours for the asking. explanation regarding the advanced prices. The Dubilier Con- an enviable reputation for excellence of design, workmanship maintain the old prices would have meant a lowering of Dubilier than change the quality, we have felt it incumbent upon us to nly in so far as was necessary to cover the increased cost of SS | J’ w o - J J Pacent Electric Company, Inc. lers and Specialists in Radio, Electrical and Laboratory Equipment sts for A. H. Grebe & Co., Dubilier Condenser Co., Electrical Products Mfg. ~ & Byrne, Rawson Electrical Inst. Co., The Magnavox Co., and others. 150 NASSAU STREET pacisphone., NEW YORK CITY ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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563444 MW) OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE AR.RLL. JULY, 1920 2 VOLUME Iil CONTENTS The A.R.R.L. QSS Tests Rotten Damped Spark Stuff The Old Man Navy Receiving Equipment L. C. F. Horle C. W. for the Amateur Howard L. Stanley The Underground Antenna Adapted to Amateur Waves R. H. G. Mathews The “V-24” Triode Valve John O. G. Cann Making a “B” Storage Battery Dr. L. G. Van Slyke An Interesting Loop Editorials The Operating Department Amateur Radio Stations With the Affiliated Clubs QST’s Directory of Calls “Strays” Calls Heard The Junior Operator Radio Communications by the Amateurs “How to Build a Wireless Station” M. Adaire Garmhausen How to Make a .002 Mfd. Balanced Condenser George Sturley Oil-Cooled Step-Down Transformers QST is published monthly by The American Radio Relay League, Inc., at Hartiord, Conn. Kenneth B. Warner (Secretary, A.R.R.L.), Manager and Editor. Subscription price, $2.00 per year, anywhere. Single Copies, 20 Cents. Entered as second-class matter May 29, 1919, at the post office at Hartford, Connecticut, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Copyright, 1920, by The American Radio Relay League, Inc. Title registered at United States Patent Office. THE AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE, Inc. HARTFORD, CONN. WW

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I \MERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE INCORPORATED \ national non-commercial organization of radio »mateurs. bonded for the more effective relaying of friendly messages between their stations, for legis- Y MAXIM Conn. lent RVICE, JR. > ra MANAGER DIVISION r ce, Jr. Pa entral See. DiBlasi 7T6th St rk City thern See. itewart s, Pa DIVISION per, Jr Bank Bidg. 2, Fla DIVISION anager : 4 Mathews men Ave cago Manager Zeller plewood Ave. "ago lative protection, and for scientific growth.” OFFICERS Traffic Manager J. O. SMITH 73 Hillside Ave. Rockville Centre, L. I. DIRECTORS W. T. GRAVELY Danville, Va. F. H. HAMILTON Indianapolis A. A. HEBERT Nutley, N. J. HIRAM PERCY MAXIM Hartford, Conn. Cc. R. RUNYON, JR. Yonkers, N. Y. OPERATING DEPARTMENT WEST GULF DIVISION Manager Frank M. Corlett, 1101 East Eighth St. Dallas, Tex. 137 Treasurer A. A. HEBERT Nutley, N. J. Secretary K. B. WARNER Hartford, Conn. Cc. A. SERVICE, JR. Bala, Pa. SMITH : J. O. Rockville Centre, L. H. L. STANLE Babylon, L. L Cc. H. STEWART St. David's, Pa. K. B. WARNER Hartford, Conn. M. B. WEST Waukegan, Il. NEW ENGLAND DIV. Manager Guy R. Entwistle Sutherland Road Brookline, Mass. ALASKAN DIVISION Manager ROANOKE DIVISION Theodore A. Stocking Ketchikan, Alaska ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIV. Manager M. S. Andelin Richfield, Utah Manager W. T. Gravely 854 Main St. Danville, Va. DELTA DIVISION PACIFIC DIVISION Manager Manager John M. Clayton A. E. Bessey, 1301 Welch St. Sunnyvale, Calif. Little Rock, Ark. Assistant Manager E. G. Arnold 181 No. 17th St., San Jose, Calif. MIDWEST DIVISION Manager L. A. Benson 4942 Wiesehan Ave. ST. LAWRENCE DIVISION St. Louis Manager ata ¥ Vaaee DAKOTA DIVISION 243 Mackay St. Manager Montreal, Que. Russell H. Pray Valley City, N. D. ONTARIO DIVISION Manager A. H. Keith Russell 3538 Markham St. Toronto, Ont ; General Correspondence to Executive Headquarters, Hartford. Conn. NORTHWESTERN DIV. Acting Manager, Royal Mumford Vancouver, Wash.

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A Magazine Devoted Exclusively to Amateur Radio Hania" , NANT eld ven. mia mime nm HE interest aroused this summer by the fading tests is the greatest we have ever seen in amateur activity. The whole country is agog over it, and it promises big things, not only because of the inte:est it excites thru the mere novelty of the idea and the pleasure of participating, but because we are really producing some results of high scientific value. Let us explain again, to clear the air of confusion, that the tests which started June Ist are being conducted for the Bu- reau of Standards and are participated in by a very limited number of A. R. R. L. receiving stations especially chosen on ac- count of their location. These stations are supplied forms and instructions by the Bureau and are reporting their results weekly direct to the Bureau for analysis. The transmitting stations in this test are using a wave length of 250 meters by spe- cial authority, and their transmitting sched- ule is at the following hours on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday of each week. 1AW, Hartford, Conn. 10: 2JU, Woodhaven, L. I. 10: NSF*, Washington, D. C. 10: 8ZK, Pittsburgh, Pa., 9ZN, Chicago, LIL. 9 SLC, St. Louis, Mo., *3ZW on 250 meters, or WWYV on All stations likely to interfere.with re- cording are requested to confine their trans- mitting to a minimum during the periods mentioned. Some ingenious schemes for recording these transmissions have been devised by amateurs who were not at that time aware of the system being used by the Bureau stations. The form is very similar to that shown on page 6 of the June QST. At this writing no comprehensive returns on these tests are available, but many ex- tremely interesting features are being ob- served. In one case, for example, it was noted that the signals of 1AW were loud- 9:50 10:00 The A.R.R.L. QSS Tests Baltimore and Washington at a time when they were at a minimum at 3BZ, Danville, Va., which is in almost straight line thru Washington, and vice versa. In one transmission from 2JU it was noted at 1AW that at the start of the test, signals were swinging slowly, but as transmission proceeded the rate of swing increased until, at the end, the entire swing from faint to very strong was made in sending one series of letters.. Possibly 2JU slowed down somewhat in_ transmit- ting speed, but this shows us that individual recorders can get interesting data all by themselves, and led to the following idea. Why not arrange some mechanical device to mark intervals of time, say every two seconds, much as a metronome is used in teaching music, so that the abscissae on our graphs will be correct, and then log any station we desire and for as long as we desire, using the same Eccles’ scale for ordinates, regardless of what kind of matter the station is transmitting, by check- ing the audibility at each click of the time- est at Pp. m. Eastern Standard Time Pp. m. Eastern Standard Time Pp. m. Eastern Standard Time Pp. m. Eastern Standard Time Pp. m. Central Standard Time Dp. m. Central Standard Time 370 meters, may substitute for NSF. marker? The Editor will be learn what records are secured pursuing this idea. As announced in June QST, the A. R. R. L. has enlarged upon the idea origin- ating in the Bureau tests, and schedules are being arranged in each Division where- by all of us may participate in the col- lection of fading data, and it is this scheme which is holding our interest so closely just now. Independent schedules are arranged in each Division, and everybody is invited to join. The following will serve as a guide: pleased to by anyone

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QST July, 1920 There the data be tabulated mitting station is located. for each transmission will and analyzed. (3) Tune the transmitting station while he is calling, and then be sure to change no adjustments on your receiving set during the balance of the transmission, so your record will be a true comparative one. The schedules are as follows: ports on 8%x11 inch paper to the form on page 6 hecking the average audi- group of letters as ex- ing a separate report for rded. many stations as you ir reports to the Fading Division in which the trans- te Gow: CENTRAL DIVISION (Central Standard Time) 9ZN Chicago 250 m. 9:50 p.m 9AU Chicago 200 10:10 sDC Cambridge, Il. 200 16:20 9ZN Chicago 250 9:50 SER St. Marys, O. 200 10:10 9HQ LaCrosse, Wisc. 200 10:20 9ZN Chicago 250 9:50 9ZL Manitowoc, Wisc. 375 10:10 SDA Salem, O. 200 10:20 9ZN Chicago 250 9:50 8CB Detroit 200 10:10 8ZV Canton, O. 375 10:20 th 9ZN Chicago 250 9:50 9ZJ Indianapolis 375 10:10 8IK Ashland, 0O. 200 10:20 9ZN Chicago 250 9:50 9CA Minonk, Ill 200 10:10 SHR Middlebury, Ind. 200 10:20 reports to F. H. Schnell, Special Fading Analyst, 2220 Roscoe St., MIDWEST DIVISION (Central Standard Time) sLC St. Louis 250 m. 10:00 p. m. 9EL Council Grove, Kan 200 10:10 ith 9LC St. Louis 250 10 00 9HI Omaha, Neb. 200 10:10 9LC St. Louis 250 10:00 9JA Marengo, Ia. 200 10:10 9Lc St. Louis 250 10 700 9DU Independence, Mo. 200 10:10 ith 9LC St. Louis 250 10:00 oKV St. Louis 200 ' 10:10 reports to L. A. Benson, 4942 Wiesehan Ave., St. Louis, Mo. DAKOTA DIVISION (Central Standard Time) 9Zx Valley City, N. D. 375 m 10:10 p. m. 9ZT Minneapolis 375 10:45 orl Eureka, S. D. 200 10:10 9ZT Minneapolis 375 10:45 9EA Duluth, Minn. 200 10:10 9wuU Ellendale, N. D. 200 10 :45 9ZT Minneapolis 375 10:10 9EE Ellendale, N. D. 200 10:45 beh 97x Valley City, N. D. 375 10:10 9ZC Baudette, Minn. 375 10:45 9EA Duluth, ae. 200 10:10 9PI Eureka, 8S. 200 10:45 reports to R. H. Pray, 813 Fifth Ave., Valley City, N. D. EAST GULF DIVISION (Eastern Standard Time) 7th 4AG Athens, Ga. 200 10:10 24th 4BL Ortega, Fila. 200 10:10 4AT Ft. Pierce, Fla. 200 10:10 th 4AG Athens, Ga. 200 10:10 14th 4BL Ortega, Fla. 200 10:10 Ist 4AT Ft. Pierce, Fla. 200 10:10 Sth 4AG Athens, Ga. 200 10:10 ith 4BL Ortega, Fla. =. 10:10 Ith 4AT Ft. Pierce, Fla. 10:10 20 ll reports for this Division to J. C. Cooper, * 804 Atlantic National *ksonville, Fla.

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July, 1920 QsT | ATLANTIC DIVISION 3 (Eastern Standard Time) July 18th and 17th 2JU Woodhaven, L. I. 250 m. 10:20 p. m. July 20th and 24th 38NB Vineland, N. J. 250 11:10 July 27th and 3ist NSF Washington, D. C. 250 10:30 Aug. 8d and 7th 3ZA Bala, Pa. 250 11:10 Aug. 10th and 14th 8XK Pittsburgh, Pa. 250 th Aug. 17th and 2ist 38ZS St. David's, Pa. 300 11:10 Mr. Malcolm Ferris, 3BT, has been appointed assistant in tabulating and analyz- : ing reports, and Mr. Bradford Smith, Jr., 3PS, to assist with the correspondence. Ad- dress all reports direct to C. A. Service, Jr., Bala, Pa. NEW ENGLAND DIVISION (Eastern Standard Time) july 13th 1AK Fall River, Mass. 200 m. 9:50 p. m. 1AW Hartford, Conn. 250 10:10 July 17th IDR Melrose, Mass 200 9:50 1AW Hartford, Conn 250 10:10 July 20th 1HAA Marion, Mass. 200 9:50 1AW Hartford, Conn. 250 10:10 i July 24th 1CK Braintree, Mass. 200 9:50 ’ 1AW Hartford, Conn. 250 10:10 i July 27th 1EK Portland, Maine 200 9:50 1AW Hartford, Conn. 250 10:10 July 31st 1DQ Brookline, Mass 200 9 :50 1AW Hartford, Conn. 250 10:10 Aug. 3d 1CM Laconia, N. H. 200 9:50 1AW Hartford, Conn. 250 10:10 Aug. 7th 1AS Milton, Mass. 200 9:50 1AW Hartford, Conn. 250 10:10 Aug. 10th IDR Melrose, Mass. 200 9:50 1AW Hartford, Conn. 250 10:10 Aug. 14th 1PG Cambridge, Mass. 200 9:50 1AW Hartford, Conn. 250 10:10 Aug. 17th 1D@ Brookline, Mass. 200 9:50 1AW Hartford, Conn. 250 10:10 Aug. 21st 1CK Braintree, Mass 200 9:50 1AW Hartford, Conn. 250 10:10 Aug. 24th 1KAY ——— 200 9:50 1AW Hartford, Conn. 250 10:10 Aug. 28th IWR . 200 9:50 1AW Hartford, Conn 250 10:10 Aug. 3ist 1HAA Marion, Mass. 200 9:50 1AW Hartford, Conn. 250 10:10 Mr. Lester A. Pulley has been appointed Fading Assistant. All reports should be addressed to him at 33 Porter St., Melrose, Mass DELTA DIVISION (Central Standard Time) Every Tuesday and Saturday beginning July 13th, as follows: ZL Little Rock, Ark. 375 m. 10:00 p. m. SEA Baton Rouge, La. 200 10:20 5YE ; University, Miss. 375 10:30 Address all reports to the Division Manager, John M. Clayton, 1301 Welch St., i Little Rock, Ark. ROANOKE DIVISION (Eastern Standard Time—200 meters) July 18th and 17th 8BZ Danville, Va. 9:00 p. m. 8FG Portsmouth, Va. 9:15 July 20th and 24th 8GOo Norfolk, Va. 9:00 4CC Greensboro, N. C. 9:15 July 27th and 3ist 4BB Winston, N. C. 9:00 s8EF Mannington, W. Va. 9:15 Aug. 8d and 7th 4AL Winston, N. C. 9:00 8EN Norfolk, Va. 9:15 Aug. 10th and 14th 8CA Roanoke, Va. 9:00 8sZW Wheeling, W. Va. (375 m.) 9:15 A special Technical Committee has been formed for this Division. Address all reports to A. L. Groves, Brooke, Va. CANADIAN DIVISIONS On account of scarcity of stations, no schedules have been arranged for the Can- adian divisions. Canadian receiving stations will record as many tests as possible and report direct to the proper Divisional Committees. | ;

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QST July, 1920 WEST GULF DIVISION (Central Standard Time) iy and Saturday beginning July 13th, as follows: 5ZZ Blackwell, Okla. 375 m. 10:10 p. m. 5ZC Dallas, Tex. 375 10:20 5ZU Austin, Tex. 375 10:30 5AO Houston, Tex. 200 10:40 5ZA Roswell, N. M. 300 10:50 Imes has been appointed Fading Analyst. Address all reports to \ irch Committee, Radio 5ZC, 1101 East 8th St., Dallas, Tex. NORTHWESTERN DIVISION (Pacific Standard Time) l'rar 1:05 p.m. as follows: } 7AD Seattle, Wash. 7CR Portland, Ore. 7Y¥s Lacey, Wash. 71CW Silverton, Ore 7CU Vancouver, Wash 7BK Seattle, Wash. 7BP Portland, Ore. 7TYs Lacey, Wash. 7CW Silverton, Ore. 7ZI Portland, Ore. > > > > tin, 59th and East Taylor Sts, Portland, Ore., has been appointed All reports should be addressed direct to him. PACIFIC DIVISION Gown, 6ZE, 1247-47th Ave., San Francisco, has been given charge sts for this division. Further details will be broadcasted by Calli- iplete schedule being not yet arranged, but will embody the follow- neing 11 p.m., Pacific Standard Time, on the dates specified: 60H Ukiah, Calif. 6JD Los Angeles 6FE Anderson, Calif. 6CM No. Glendale, Calif 6CV Sacramento 6Iy San Diego 6DK Fresno 6JI San Diego . 6DY Richmond, Calif. 6JM San Fernando \ t 6EJ Walnut Grove 6BQ Reno, Nev. A 6CP Alameda 6CS Fresno \ 4th 6BN San Francisco 6DP Santa Cruz f incomplete schedules or the necessity for any changes, the infor- broadcasted from the station of the Manager of the Division con- tance of this work can not be overestimated and we are all set now b of it. All stations are urged to take upon themselves the respon- ng consistent reports of these tests, so that our efforts can produce itisf sults. DON’T GIVE UP THE STATION! \re you easing up in your radio work because summer is and you think everybody else is doing the same? The dope is wrong—we’re working right thru it with great success. Just take a look at this QST and consider the many interesting ts taking place NOW in Amateur Radio. Sit in some —you’ll find the old gang still on the air.

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July, 1920 QsT 9 Rotten Damped Spark Stuff By The Old Man In which our unknown friend, T.O.M., celebrates the Fourth with fireworks. Like many of his stories, there is a genuine lesson in this one on the subject of Rotten Wiring. But it has the usual number of hearty roars per paragraph.—Editor. AKE it away and bury it—sprinkle some saw dust on it and sweep it out—give it to the kids to play with—I’m through with it. After what I have seen to-night, it’s me for C.W. Let the kids enjoy squarking at each other with their damped sparks; let them set fire to their houses, put their telephone companies out of business and blow up their electric light stations with their kick-backs. I am no longer inter- ested. I am going to set my bulb oscillat- ing, light the old pipe and sit back in gentlemanly comfort and push through relay traffic with the sweet little peep stuff. There will be others like me and soon we can get a message almost any- where we want on C.W., judging by what is going on over east. I’ve been fixing for this shift for some time. QRM has got sc fierce that most of the time it is impossible to work any distance at all. With rotary gaps belch- ing forth five amperes on any old tune, as loud at 2500 meters as at 200, and the unlicensed moonshine spark coil stuff from the what-nots going it every night, doing any relay work is like listening to a whispered life story in a_ night-life restaurant with the jazz band gone amuck close up on your starboard quarter. It is too hard work making sense out of what you get, and when you count up the hours and the number of messages and divide the latter into the former the answer is too darned mamy man-hours per message. And if what I saw over on the other side of town tonight is any criterion, it is not going to improve any. While waiting for the fading tests to begin, let me jot down the jar I had to- night. It started with the telephone people insmuating that I was putting the tele- phone system on the blink with. my wire- less. The said their switchboard lights were popping in and out, their bells ring- ing steadily and buzzing businesses coming in on the lines until they were about crazy with the heat. To prove an alibi, I made a swift guess as to where the trouble prob- ably was and proceeded to get their expert and myself invited over to the house of a certain young Marconi person who had been asking me to cure him of kick-backs. He had been having the trouble for some time, and hesitating to suggest Sloan’s Liniment or Indian Swamp Root, I had been holding him off. He was more than glad to have me come over, so taking Mr. Phone Expert, we went. Approaching the young gentleman’s house we discovered quite a nice little crowd outside and I realized we had stumbled upon some real stuff. It seemed that the young scientist was busy inside the house with his key, for the electric light hanging in the garage was giving off quite a fireworks display, which the crowd were enjoying. The lamp socket was having a helvatime all by its lonesome. It was shooting off fire and smoke and melted brass entirely regardless and sug- gested very strongly that six ampere fuzes had been thrown into the discard in that family in favor of the thirty ampere variety. Mr. Phone Expert had evidently never beheld anything quite like this be- fore, for he became strangely silent. You could guess that he had been brought up in the old school where one was taught to believe that when an electric light fixture starts popping and snapping and arcing and dripping melted brass it is time to get from under and to look for some- thing big to happen in the not distant future. It seemed to me about time to notify somebody of something, so I beat it for the front door seeking for the push button as promptly as may be. Imagine my state of mind when I discovered the blame thing snapping and shooting fire on its own account and the bell ringing somewhere inside steadily. Not caring to monkey with a flaming push button but feeling that it was my duty as am American citizen to hasten before the whole blamed town got going, I knocked rather firmly on the door. Mr. Phone Expert was at my elbow and had seen all I had seen and was also impressed with the necessity for prompt action. Mother opened the door and greeted us smilingly, sweetly and deliberately. She was one of those lovely little old ladies you like to talk to and wait upon. The last thing in the world in her mind was danger and vigorous action. You saw the whole story at a glance. If Harry was interested in wireless, why hinder him? Why disturb his scientific investigations? How happy we all should be that Harry was interested in such a wonderful science instead of idle amusements as were most |

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fr 10, Mr if the light in the like a Bessemer con- door bells did ring hour? What if the front porch did electro- What if the trouble de- elephone station had r the past two weeks cribers’ bells ringing any reason for inter- radio research work? born leader and he i into considering the r into getting up to going to school. He for his wonderful of the Wabash was ‘+k room surrounded by rged in deafening racket iry gap, merrily pound- alling a ninth district far beyond his range imine. Flame and evil ising themselves across ver the neighborhood. » extinguisher and no while I distributed its lictated. With the in- ervation uppermost, I shoulder, and as I had abruptly and rose to hazard was at least although heaven only some dry clapboard Suggesting that he shut ‘otary so we could talk ur vocal chords, I in- ed gentleman from the took a chair, and pro- ind. uple of wires coming in itside which led to a n and to my horror 1s paraffine coated an- The paraffine had drained m in spots which sug- e time those wires had I looked I thought I »f smoke curling away Probably carrying ten 120 volts and coming in which had been shut Glancitig to see how s getting along I caught taring at a telephone le the oscillation trans- le cord from the phone t the high tension wires it the poor phone missed frequency it got from the ndary of the Thor and new it. I was willing to ybody that the phone was table for the sole pur- tly calling the other w do you get me?” QsT July, 1920 The Boy Wonder took a shot that we had come over to prescribe for kick-back, and he plunged into the symptoms. It seemed that ever since he had had his new one KW 110-volt Thor and hooked it onto the 220-volt wires he had been having kick-backs and fuze blowing. Did I think there was something wrong with the Thor. and was there any other way to connect it? The kick-backs were not so bad, as they did not shut him down, and the family and neighbors had gotten used to them; but the fuze blowing was rotten, for it interrupted his transmission. He said he had put in the largest size plug fuzes he could buy in the town—thirty ampere—but they were just as bad actors as the little ones. How big did fuzes come, and was it a fact that there was some kind of a law against jumping them with a piece of copper wire so they would not blow? I am used to this sort of thing, but Mr. Phone Man was not. He thought he was in a trance and was for disbelieving his ears. Mother sat in and beamed proud delight at the technica] lingo of her hopeful. To her he was indeed a Boy Wonder. I asked him how many times he blew a fuze. “Oh it’s terrible. Some nights a pocket full.” What to him was worse, there were no more thirty ampere plug fuzes in town. He had exhausted the supply. He only had eight left and that was not enough to get in on the long-distance stuff and last out the evening. I had come in the nick of time. What was it I would ad- vise? I wanted to advise the patrol wagon, but with poor little smiling Mother sitting there I had not the nerve. Just then a stranger came in. He was introduced as the man living in the other half of the house. He wanted Harry to have Harry’s sister send, while Harry him- self went in next door and watched their gas stove. Gas stove! What in blazes could ail the gas stove? Fearing a cataclysm of some sort I vetoed any more sending. The Phone man said he did too. Being urged, and sister promising faith- fully that she would limit her activities to three short dots, I gave in, and we all filed out and into the other side of the house. Here we ran against more trouble. In this family the man was a machinist during the day and a student of pyrotechnics at night. All hands were anointed by the sweet personality of Harry’s mother, and anything Harry did was all to the good, because dear little smiling Mother wanted it that way. It mattered not that the door bells all up and down the street rang until two in the morning; that the lights blinked so it permanently impaired your eye-sight to read the evening paper; that fifteen or twenty times a night they went

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July, 1920 out altogether. The point was the Harry was trying to get Peoria, and wouldn’t that be just wonderful for a boy of seven- teen! Peoria! Away over there in Illinois! After pushing us all back from a gal- venized wire run across the kitchen to dry clothes on in wet weather the stranger nodded to his wife and she gave a couple of raps on the wall. This was the signal to Sister to send the three short dots, and incidentally I found it was the signal every night for Harry to pull up a minute while they put out a fire im one of the electric light fixtures. The three dots came all right. The stranger kept his eagle eye on the galvanized wire because earlier in the evening he had walked under it, and being a tall man, an evil blue spark had hopped out of the wire and picked a hole in his bean, and it had made him timid. The first dot made a tea kettle on the coal stove shoot a fat blue sheet of fire to the snout of a coffee pot on the gas stove alongside. This had been discovered by accident by the machinist QST 11 telephones would ring at the wrong time and had been working badly the past month. Harry explained all this away by saying that that had al] been since he got his new Thordarson transformer, and would be fixed as soon as he found out from me how to connect it properly. The Phone Man did not look convinced. He was speechless. You could see he was figuring out in his mind what would be the strongest language he could command for his report. On the way back Harry insisted upon showing us where the paraffined annunci- ator wire came from. On the way down cellar he pointed with pride to each light fixture, showing us how every one was blackened or pierced with a big ragged hole where the 110 volt arc had melted out the brass. Down cellar it was ex- plained the Thor had a binding post on the iron frame and the question was what to do with it. Of course it was the ground connection to keep the Thor from acting nasty if anything got into its man, and it was to show frame, but I let this pass. Harry that he had a re- When we reached the busi- ceiving station right there SOME DAY ness end of the paraffined in the kitchen that we had ; annunciator wires we found been called over. He had we are going to pub- that they were across the been copying the dots and lish The Old Man’s 220 volt outside wires from dashes and intended to learn “Rotten Radio Yarns” the meter, merely being the code so he could read t. theck form. Cer- twisted around. There was what Harry sent out. The é i ss a wire dangling from one second dot caused the front tainly his inimitable side of the service system door bell up over the door stories have added and I asked what might it to explode and vomit a cloud much fun to Amateur mean. It was explained that of smoke, and nearly scare Radio, and should be this had been used to ground Mr. Phone Man to death. d one side of the lighting cir- His nerves had gotten jumpy. preserved. What 1 cuit, in the hopes that it The third dot caused the you think ?— Editor. would cure the kick backs, electric light socket in the but after having it in for kitchen to emit a report like a shot gun and proceed to go off like a Roman Candle, after which the Kghts went out and left us in inky black- ness. Candles were handy, for this was a regular performance, and we soon had light enough for Harry to beat it back to his cellar amd the machinist man to also beat it for his. In an incredibly short time the lights came on again, thanks to a ouple of thirty ampere fuzes, showing how expert these people had become. It seemed to both me and the over- wrought Phone Man that the exhibition was most convincing and that more would be superfluous. He was entirely satisfied and the machinist man was quite pleased at the success of his venture. He related how the neighbors up and down the street had queer things also, such as all the lights blazing up at two-thirty in the morning and both front and back door bells going off like a fire used to it, much. alarm. But they had got and it did not bother them The only trouble was that the a while and not getting any improvement he took it out because he noticed it made the meter run backwards As this might indicate that the electric light company owed him money and might bring on acrimonious dissension, he had taken it out. At this exvlanation Mr. Phone Man sickened. Walking over to an ash barrel he gazed hard into its dusty contents and then spat sincerely and copiously, even as I have been wont to do in happier days when our Maltese pet has been within range. I noticed casually that the paraffined annunciator wires led the full length of the cellar and made their untimely exit through a cellar window, also shut down hard upon them. Also that they were not only parallel] but attached at intervals to the ground wire that also came through the cellar window from the set up stairs This of course brought radio frequency in intimate and friendly touch with the ser- vice wires for quite some little length, (Continued on page 22)

Page 14

QsT July, 1920

Navy Receiving Equipment By L. C. F. Horle Pre meeting of the Radio Club of America, Columbia University, March 26, 1920 radio has been in_ the Navy Department has levelopment work in its ration and at the same sed apparatus designed and nercial companies. wer stations it has always , pend almost completely 01 | radio companies for the nufacture of its equip- ment rly in the application of yu nsmitters to the Service levelopment laboratories wher lesign, and development co-operation with radio mat This brought about a st that is essential to so rganization. The need for readily understood when t both the Atlantic and P Navy Yards and Naval intervals along their hese yards must be pre- in times of war, to in part or completely pment. The additional lie in the fact that the : apparatus results in mu sources of supply and, upening of the cost of hown quite positively ent required for the radio laboratories and facturing plants is well the recent European i teken on a_ serious that the problem of re was seriously undertaken t rtment. 1916 the major part of ng equipment in use in gned and manufactured companies and it was vere about as many types here were receivers in yurse led to tremendous aintenance of this radio ude operation of this continually moving per- Navy quite difficult. In , the radio problems of the N emselves quite character- ist Navy and were not well the commercial designers of equipment. The tendency was, there- fore, toward the establishment of a re- ceiver design laboratory. Late in 1916 when funds were available the station at Washington Yard was made the residence of all receiver problems. At that time the Navy was adopting the vacuum tube for general service use and was therefore confronted with the pro- blem of making possible the use of the apparatus already in service with the tubes then available and the design of new and more efficient apparatus for operation with tubes. The first design, which is in every detail the product of the Radio Laboratory, Washington Yard, is the SE-143 receiver. This was designed for reception on the wave lengths between 300 and 3000 meters of both damped and undamped waves. The requirements to be met in the design of this receiver characterize all the design work that has been done in the service;'that is, it is required of all re- ceivers sent into the naval service that they have: (1) <A wide wave length range (2) A high sensibility and selectivity (3) Ease of operation (4) Compactness and lightness in so far as it is compatible with the fore- going and with the conditions of » transportation and storage of ap- paratus. (5) Ease and cheapness of manufacture in quantity. Probably the most difficult of these problems lies in the design of equipment of high selectivity and sensibility over a wide range of wavelengths. Since im all Navy apparatus continuous variation of wavelength is secured by the use of stepped inductance and continually vari- able air condensers, the problem reduces itself to the design of an efficient stepped inductance system, having a high induct- ance-resistance ratio for each step at the wave lengths at which that step is used. The difficulty in securing a _ suitable value for this ratio lies in the space limitations which determine the size and distribution of the conductor comprising the inductance system and, hence, the dead-end effects which arise from this condition.

Page 15

Fig. 1 Interior View, SE-143. This problem in general has been solved in two different ways and has given rise to two general types of receivers. The first of these is embodied in the type SE-143 receiver and those _ receivers developed on the basis of the SE-143 design. The second solution is typified by the SE-1420 receiver and those following it. The SE-143 group is characterized in the electrical details of its design by the high values of the capacities of its tuning condensers and by the type of inductance systems used. In the mechanical details of its design it is characterized by the panel arrangements shown in the photo- graphs, Figs. 1 and 2. The controls for the antenna circuit inductance and capacity are located at the left, the controls for the secondary cir- cuit inductance and capacity are located at the right, with the antenna coupling and tube coupling controls placed midway between these. A variable stopping con- denser for use with the crystal detector is supplied with a control on the panel, as is the switch which makes possible the use of a crystal detector or vacuum tube detector. A buzzer and buzzer push-button are mounted on the panel for use in adjusting the detector. Terminals are supplied for the connection of the antenna, ground, buzzer battery, crystal detector, loading coils in both the antenna and secondary cir- cuits, and for the connection of the vacuum tube apparatus which will be described later. The condensers as shown in Fig. 2 are supplied with metal dials, fastened to the shafts, which carry a wave length cali- bration from which the wave length of every possible com- bination of inductance and ~ sage - j Fig. 2. capacity is immediately evident. Standard Panel used on SE-952, SE-143, SE-1220, SE-712A 13 This is accomplished by the use of as many circular scales on the con- denser dials as there are induct- ance taps. The index is caused to point to the proper scale by the action of the inductance switch through a rack and pinion. The inductance switch shaft carries a pinion in back of the panel which engages a rack to which the pointer is secured. Fine adjust- ment of the condensers is secured by means of a separate “Fine Ad- justment” knob connected through a train of bakelite gears to a metal gear secured to the con- denser shaft. The coupling between the an- tenna circuit and the secondary is secured by means of a section of the primary in- ductance which can be rotated relative to the secondary. Connection to this moving coil is made through flexible conductors. One terminal] of this coupling coil is con- nected directly to the ground terminal with the result that the capacitative coup- ling between the primary and secondary is kept low. The inductances, which in their design details typify the first group of receivers, are bank-wound of a conductor of three groups of 10 strands of No. 38 enameled wire with double covering of silk, and are sectionalized. By this is meant the spacing between the three sections of the second- ary and between the two sections of the primary. A cam carried by the inductance switch separates a series of contacts which break the connection between the used and unused sections of the winding for any position of the inductance switch. By this means dead-end effects are avoided and great wave length range made possible, in the first group of receivers. A special inductance coil is provided : a 7 : :

Page 16

tly on the primary ecuring especially high between the two cir- Cuned-Untuned” switch ’ position. The function disconnect the second- to conmect the above e coil in series with tance. This results in iry system very closely iry and is quite useful tion of unknown wave iminates the need for f the secondary con- ng coil or “tickler” is secondary inductance the antenna eans of a link motion ipling control knob. the arrangement of res to keep all conductors potentials away from potential and to elimin- ng as far as possible by tion. In general this efficient, easy to build nd quite accessible for ir. 1 that only the tuning and switching luded in the receiver pparatus being supplied resulted from the fact rt of the receiving equip- ious to this model was operation only and vacuum tube cortrol as is tems parately mounted. In gen it was, therefore, ke operation with the Control Box” possible prised of shock-proof ptacle, filament ammeter ridging condenser, grid es for short circuiting ng and for transferring storage battery to the A filter system con- yn-core inductances and ers is supplied for mak- use of the ship’s supply. nnected a carbon sector the fine control of the tace lem of importance came compact radio compass lestroyers. As might be size of this kind of tinctly at a premium, so ‘ial schemes and appar- sary for radio operation radio compass equipment is allowed even less space radio equipment since ss equipment had not ited in laying out this July, 1920 craft, with the result that an especially small receiver was designed to meet this need. This is known as the SE-1012 receiver. The general panel layout of this receiver is quite similar to that established as standard in the previous types. It differs quite radically from the previous types, however, in that the vacuum tube and its associated controls are included im_ the receiver. A compass switch for discon- necting the antenna for bilateral compass operation and a “Tuned-Untuned” switch for pick-up work are supplied. An ex- ceptionally compact crystal detector is mounted on the panel. The tube coupling is perhaps the most novel part of the receiver in that it com- prises both inductive and capacitative coupling. The coupling condenser in this receiver is of a particularly ingenious type It consists of two circular plates separated by a bakelite ring, with a moving plate which through the motion of the coupling control may be moved toward or away from one of the stationary plates and hence away or toward the other plate. The moving plate is connected to the fila- ment of the tube, while the two ovter and stationary plates are connected to the terminals of the tuning condenser and to the plate and grid of the tube. This ar- rangement constitutes an extremely in- genious method of varying the potential of the filament relative to the grid and plate This type of receiver was bui!t in great numbers and installed on destroyers. The difficulties of undamped reception on such wave lengths as this receiver was designed for brought a new problem It became necessary to adopt some method other than the ordinary “beat reception” method for this work since the change in capacity of the oscillating circuit with the motion of the operator’s hands in the vicinity of the receivers of the early type was quite sufficient to cause the beat note to pass into inaudibility when his hands were re- moved from the condenser knobs. To eliminate delicacy of heterodyning on short waves the rotary tone condenser was de- vised. This in its essentials is merely a rapidly varying capacity which may be connected across the secondary circuit of the receiver and hence in parallel with the tuning condenser. In brief its operation is this: If resonance is established be- tween the antenna circuit and the second- ary circuit with the “Rotary Tone Con- denser” at rest and at its mean value and if, then, the tone condenser is caused to rotate, it detunes the circuit at a fre- quency determined by the speed and the number of complete cycles of capacity variation per revolution. In the Tvpe 999 rotary tone condenser these capacity vari- (Continued on page 17)

Page 17

July, 1920 QST C.W. for the Amateur By Howard L. Stanley Mr. Stanley is right in saying we've been after him to write up his experiments. Likewise we've been after his photograph for “Who's Who’’. And he sends us this “likeness” ! The vein of the “biography” being not incompatible with that of the article, we've inserted it as an intro- duction—and it serves him right !—Editor. The Author. Howard L. Stanley, 2FS Age: 38 Years Height: 5 feet 11 imches Subject: Weight: 185 lbs. Born December 28th 1881, at Southamp- ton, N. Y., of poor but honest parents. Ambition up to sixteen years to be a locomotive engineer; after that no am- bition. First radio experience at Baby- lon, N. Y., watching messages come in on the tape recorder of the Marconi plain aerial station. Watched Mr. Round of -the Marconi Company for two days trying to get signals from a ten-inch coil at two and one half miles without success. Decided that it was all wrong and went into the auto game. Bitten by the radio bug again in 1912 and developed a bad and apparently in- curable case. Erected a 5 K.W. station in Nicaragua in 1917 and went back there in 1919 to see why it would not work. Life member of the A.R.R.L., member of the Radio Club of America, and associ- ate member of the I.R.E. Best known trade—Mason, Free and Accepted variety. Very persistent oscillator and fair detector. Oscillated between Babylon and New York City every day for about ten years and detected some one to pay ex- penses during that time. Main job at present is trying to get a workable relay line from eastern Long Island to New England; side line, trying to convince the Western Electric Company that Vacuum Tubes should sel] for two bits—some job. AVE you ever heard that So-and-So had the only circuit that would transmit to Mars using one six- candle-power headlight bulb? Have you? Now don’t all speak at once; you have, and so has every other radio bug heard something similar. Would he give you the dope? He would. Right there you began to have a great new urge. Forgotten were the ground antennae and the loop receptors, forgotten were the high and low speed gaps and the ohm- less condensers, forgotten were all the other things which are tried by many and used by few. Some of us even went so far as to for- get next month’s rent and began to have visions of sparkless, kickless, noiseless, boneless transmitters to operate on three dry cells and the family sewing machine. That is how it started; how it will end is not known even by the O. M. For the past year the writer has been pumped so full of dope of one kind and another on C. W. for the Amateur that he forgot that there was an income tay, interest on the mortgage, commutation tickets and the H.C.L., and began to have fits and draw diagrams and dream dreams. Friend 2ZL had some tubes and a source of high voltage and there the first practical experiments were tried. There were in- ductive coupled circuits, loose and tight; conductive coupled, right and left; capacity coupled, large and small, and some of the circuits handed in as perfect were not coupled at all as far as the writer was ever able to find out. The writer will never forget the first

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sigt f meter which had been hopef n the antenna circuit. Frie 1d become so Hard Boil e that he promised a was the slightest sign of r Ve had the drink all right and proportion to the radia- 1 of life we have pro- rre t where we are nearly aly e radiation. Sometimes we | one ampere only to s] the average has been a three coils, one for the for the plate circuit, and one f nna circuit, and it was t them all properly ad- juste 1 to each other. Sweat blood . lid. Nex ited the grid and plate ] them to the antenna in- duct t advance; less one QsST July, 1920 The next and final (to date) change was to a single coil for all three circuits and this method has been retained as the simplest, most efficient, and easiest handled of any of the many schemes tried. The first coils were wound of No. 14 magnet wire but as there were so many reasons why “Litz” should be better, coils were made of the largest “Litz”’ that could be readily procured and strange as it may seem, this was one of the times that we slid back. Contrary to the best dope these “Litz”’ coils heated badly and actua!- ly set a celluloid coil form on fire. Hot Stuff. The latest dope on coils is \” copper tubing wound in a helix the same as the old spark sets. From % ampere radiation with three five-watt tubes, the writer’s set has ad- vanced to a point where the H.W.A. shows an honest two amperes with the same three tubes and we are sure that ther: is more to be had out of these little bottles which we are told have nothing in them When the place was reached where we could nearly always be sure of some radiation on a given wave length, the question arose as to what we could do with it. No one was supposed to listen for pure C.W. on amateur waves so some system of modulation must be used to make our signals audible to the crystals and straight spark receivers The writer had a very pet scheme of modulation which had been rattling around in his dome turns No. 26 D.C.C.C. on ~“ for long time and only needed a as ee ~ | lot of expensive apparatus to give ‘on sho it a try. Well, one day the ex- = . pensive apparatus arrived and he proceeded to prove to his own at ruets may of vee a Connect and Friend Smith’s satisfaction oe er aea satan ‘hat the scheme had been kept LEGEND — ly diameter, % Ar ‘feet long, four wires, 60 A F.C. —1000 turns No. 26 D.C.C.C. on high at one end, 20 Iron Core, %” diameter, feet at other. 2” long. A-1 ent Current Ammeter, 0-5 R-1 —2500 to 10000 ohms. \ mperes. R-2 —6 ohms. \ nna Current Hot Wire Key —Regular Morse key. \mmeter, 0-2% Amperes. M Microphone No. 329, 50 ohms M.A urrent Milliammeter, Resistance. 100 Milliamperes. Buzz —6 volt Mesco Buzzer with Re- M.A Current Milliammeter, sistance Shunt Removed. 500 Milliamperes. B-1 —Filament Lighting Battery. \ Potential Voltmeter,0-500 B-2 —Buzzer Battery, 6-8 Volts. Volts S. —3 Point Switch, 1—Telephone, C-1 ral Radio .0006 Variable 2—C. W., 3—Buzzer. Condenser. F. —Filament. ( rdock Stopping Condenser G. —Grid. greater than .0005 M.F. P —Plate. C-3-4 M.F. Condensers insulated T.C —50 turns No. 4 or 6 Bare for 1000 Volts. Copper, spaced 4%” on Form 4” in Diameter.

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—_ too long. In other words it had spoiled In any case it was not practicable, it was another case of seven foot boiler and a ten foot whistle. The tone circuit re quired more power to operate it than there was available for useful purposes. Then there was the buzzer. Perhaps one or two of you have used buzzers at some time. Yes, they are all that you say and then some. Buzzer modulation was tried in all forms known and unknown, unilateral, bilateral and rectangular connection to the erid, the plate, the filament, the antenna, the operator’s left wrist and several other methods with indifferent results until the present dope of the buzzer used as a chopper in the common part of the plate- filament-grid circuit was tried. With the buzzer as shown the amount of chop can be regulated to suit and the modulation seems to be all that can be desired. Now we had straight C. W. and a buzzer modulation which worked and Friend Smith had been trying a phone on the sly when the writer was not around. One fine day he sprung it something like this; “2FS 2FS 2FS de 2ZL 2ZL 2ZL pse qrx fone.” The rest of it as heard at 2FS was some- thing like this as near as it can be re- produced in words; “HUMMMMMMMMM SQUEAKEEE ZZZZZEEEEEEE ZUMMMMMM LOODLELOODLELOODLE ZEEEMMM HUMMMMM”;then the buzzer again, “QRK? QSA? hw u like my fone kk k .” Until this day he wonders why 2FS did not come back at him but the truth must be told that the writer had fainted and did not come to until the following morning in time to catch his train. Some wise old owl has truthfully said that “Necessity is the mother of inven- tion”; so also is the lack of power the in- centive to all kinds of schemes to make the most of what you may have. Right here the writer wishes to make a state- ment: the limits placed on amateur wave length and power have done more good than would ever have been accomplished by the allowance of unlimited power and wave length. The writer is short on power and long on schemes. The shortness of power precluded the use of. telephone cir- cuits which included modulator tubes so he went in for something to get away from them. Modulation of grid leak was tried and did not suit; then ground and antenna connection of the modulating circuit; N D. again. Eminent Authorities were then consulted and reported that there was no hope unless the particular modulator scheme fostered by them was used. These invariably required tubes and tubes and more tubes. All this time there was ‘ Friend Smith merrily phoning to all and sundry and giving concerts and ear-aches " July, 1920 QSsT 1 ~] to all who would listen to him with his oscillator-modulator circuit and the writer sewed up tight as far as a phone was con- cerned, all on account of the lack of a little more power to operate the extra modulator tubes. Desperate things have been done for less than that and one fine evening a microphone was stuck in a new part of the circuit and the works started. There was little hope and less confidence, yet it looked like it might work and it sure did and does yet and for the low power tube et the connection is good, simple and effective. Friend Smith is now using the same dope. Can you beat it? The writer’s set has not been heard in Australia as yet but no station which has been asked to listen for it hag failed to hear it if properly tuned to his wave. Most of the stations hearing us for the first time are surprised that so much noise has been going through their tuners and not been heard before. The wonderful sharpness of the emitted wave is a bless- ing and you will not be reported in “Calls Heard” as often as 8ER, for instance, but can work through QRM which will tee- totally put her out of business. The accompanying diagram and table of constants of the circuit is made as plain and simple as possible so that he who reads can understand and translate them into a set without the use of three slip-sticks and four reference works on mathematics. In closing the writer wishes to state that this note was not written of his own free will and accord but that he was egged on to do it and in fact was threatened with ll kinds of QRM unless he did so. NAVY RECEIVING EQUIPMENT (Continued from page 14) ations are accomplished by a toothed rotor and stator. The rotor, however, rotates near a stationary disc, being separated from it by a very short distance. The terminals of the device are connected to the toothed stator and the fixed disc and the capacity, therefore, resides in the space between the rotor and stator and between the rotor and the disc. By this means a rapidly varying capacity may be secured without resorting to moving con- tacts. A loop and an antenna are used, the loop being connected in series with the secondary inductance. Thus when the antenna is used unilateral operation is possible; that is, both the sense and direction of the signal wavefront may be determined, while with the antenna dis- connected by means of the compass switch only bilateral operation is possible; that is, when the direction of the signal wave- front or the bearing of the transmitter can be determined. (To be concluded.) | ;

Page 20

The Underground Antenna Adapted QsT

July, 1920

to Amateur Waves By R. H. G. Mathews * PART IL. on the subject of nnae the method of system of this kind ether with general in- ts tuning and opera- in this article, only in approximately ine with any pair of ‘aight line are audible statement is sub- n the case of power- he signals from which rly all positions except to the listening wires. means the signals of powerful near-by stations which are not directly in line with the underground wires may be cut out, while distant stations which are in line may be copied with comparative ease. Similar compensation is also possible by the use of adjustable vertical wires at the ends of the ground wires, although this method presents mechanical difficulties and inconveniences which render it impractical. The subject of underground reception opens a broad field to the experimenter, inasmuch as practically all the work done on this method of reception was accom-

gnals may be ral methods, but Loop methods may Growl w/RE led receiving set ™ IL” rder to avoid Fras. transmitter 70 REGULAR receiving set. AUD/ION APPARATUS be accomplish- F/G. FZ nding the oper- tal screening, or by using < already sup- Sue oe, nal shield satisfactory: method plished under the trying conditions of war by means of a “rec- time and there is no doubt that valuable nilar to that. used in points were passed over because of the ng. The dimensions necessity for speed. In addition to the with the wave length meter work, a wooden iare having ten turns und on its edge will be tory. This loop should may be revolved, and ed in the circuit as To eliminate the sig- rable station, the plane | be adjusted toward that the station in question have been reduced in The theory of this that the loop picks up which are 90 degrees th the electromagnetic by the underground fore the two waves from tend to cancel each other mplitude may be properly » : Chicago Radio Laboratory. mplitude of the electro- of course fixed, but the electrostatic waves may rotation of the loop until el each other. By this

methods of compensation and static elimin- ation as outlined in this and the preceding article, many more complicated circuits have been devised, but most of these cir- cuits are not suitable for amateur use. A station equipped with eight wires as suggested in these articles, together with a shielded regenerative receiver and a two- step amplifier should be able to accomplish long distance relay work throughout the summer months. In addition to their value in allowing the continuation of relay work through static, the underground aerials will be found of great value even in the winter long distance season in eliminating interference, both from local induction and from near by stations. In this connection it should again be men- tioned that all leads from the underground wires to the set should be carried in either metal conduit, properly grounded, or in lead-covered On the sheath of which is grounded. The author’s experiments would tend to show that the familiar fading which is so detrimental to amateur work is reduced, to some degree at least, by the

Page 21

July, 1920 use of the under ground antennae, al- though more complete data will be necessary before this statement can be proved. Underground wires are practical for transmission as wel] as reception when the transmitter used is one of the continuous wave type, which allows of a low aerial voltage. Experiments carried on between the Great Lakes Naval Radio Laboratory and a station in Chicago have shown that signals transmitted on underground wires are equal in intensity to those transmitted on any ordinary aerial, the only difficulty being the tendency of the urderground wires to “ground”? when any considerable voltage is applied. For this reason only The ‘‘V-24’’ By John O. HE old exasperating days of radio reception are past. We now have three element valves, or triodes as they are scientifically named, which have uniform operating qualities. This assures duplication of the performance of any valve by all of its brothers. The “V-24" Valve has been given very little publicity up to date as its use has been more or less confined to professional work. Recently, however, it has been placed on the amateur market with gratifying results. The main features of the “V-24” are its smallness, convenient shape for simple mounting; also, and more important, its stable o>er- ating qualities. No critical ad- justments are necessary in either filament heating current or plate circuit voltage. It is 3 inches in overall length, and, as will be seen from the photograph, has metal contacts which snap into spring contacts, making it possible to change tubes very easily and quickly. As the name “V-24” indicates, the plate voltage is about 24. Used in a self-heterodyne circuit for undamped-wave reception, the plate circuit voltage may be any- thing from one to sixty volts. However, no advantage is gained by using more than 24 volts; below this value a slight increase in filament current is necessary to maintain local oscillations. The normal plate current at 24 volts is less than 5 milliamperes, therefore, as a power bulb this valve does not rate very *Chief Engineer, Marconi Wireless Tel. Co. of Canada, Ltd. QsT 19 tube transmitters may be used with any satisfaction, although a low voltage quenched set was used in these experi- ments with fair results. Aside from the experimental] viewpoint, the ideal combination for an amateur relay station is that of an ordinary antenna (preferably of the vertical fan type) for transmitting, together with two sets of underground wires, each set comprising eight wires as outlined before, these two sets being of suitable length for 200 and 375 meter work respectively as given be- fore. With such combinations in use in our important relay stations we can look forward to the day of year-round long- distance relay work. Triode Valve G. Cann* high. However, distances of a mile have been covered at readable strength, between similar one-valve sets using this valve as a “transmitter’’. The filament connections are placed one at each end of the valve The filament is about the same size as that used in the commercial 60 watt lamp, and is tungsten. One end is_ sup- ported by a fine spring which applies enough tension at all times to keep it straight; thus the valve may be used in any position. Normal heating current is 650 milliamperes. Remarkably few of these valves burn out, as com- pared with older types. The plate connection on one side is distinguished by a green mark on the metal contact. The other connection to the grid has no distinguishing mark. What may be considered of special advantage in this valve is its operating characteristic, which is due to exceptionally careful design. It will be found that, for undamped-wave reception, no grid 5 condenser is necessary, neither is ] potential control required If, however, the grid-oscillating cir- cuit is connected to the positive end of the filament, the set will oscillate feebly as compared with when connected to the negative end of the filament. It is found that the simplest circuit is the best to use for undamped-wave re- ce>tion, and also for spark reception, using the “reaction” or “feed-back” ar- rangement, as illustrated. The reaction coil, marked R.C., should be of about the same inductance as the _ grid-circuit in- ductance. The telephone condenser in- «} ) 4 ‘ | ere Tea

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20 QsT re ngth range of the cir- cu t is worth while. The aer f course, ordinary. I frequency amplifiers, the “V.24 vill be found remarkably ——" ———————— > —_ Vv 24 + — Zo te 50 ae , volts S — é os = “111.4 a r in a bank; the addition ile starts trouble, but no ,udio-amplification beyond a res July, 1920 As a radio-frequency amplifier the “V.24” is at its best. It gives wonderful stability of operation, and the uniformity of the valves renders possible the banking of hitherto unheard of numbers. It is quite a common practice to use six radio-frequency amplifications, and sixteen amplifications are frequently used. By adding to the latter a detector and a four stage audio-frequency amplifier for mega- phone use, we have twenty-one valves under control. It is surprising to note how simple is the control of such ampli- fication, and all made possible by the little “Vy .24”. [Editor’s Note: The V-24 was designed by Capt. H. J. Round, Chief Engineer for the British Marconi Co., to meet the critica] wartime needs of the British in this field. It seems to be an indifferent detector and oscillator but a remarkably good amplifier, using negative potentials on the grid. It is in this field that American amateurs will mainly be inter- ested in it. The V-24 has an extreme- ly low internal capacity—so low that we know no reason why it should not make a satisfactory radio-frequency amplifier on amateur frequencies—some- thing no American valve today will do. It is hoped that the V-24 can be made available in the States goon.] Making a “‘B”’ Storage Battery By: Dr. L. G. Van Slyke w to make a real storage for V.T. work at a cost of five or six dollars. ittery has 20 cells, con- f 1” x6” test tubes. Make ar , supporting them in four - les each, as shown at A in | boiling the wood parts in from a garage, where stor- re repaired, five positive and ,ttery plates, the best grade obt five wood separators. With a hack-saw cut these plates act rrowest dimension into strips as shown at B, taking care to preserve the lead grid with its contained paste un- damaged. Some waste will occur, but each plate will make four elements, and it’s more than worth it, for this battery is not approached by those employing form- ed plates and the nuisance of pasting your own plates is avoided. With a file smooth = the plates until they fit nicely in the tubes. Then cut some lead strips about 4 inches long and as wide as the elements, and solder one end to a positive plate and the other to a negative plate, making 16 like gle ~ “ BATTERY 10 AC RECTIFIER =

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July, 1920 C, and 8 like D for the end tubes. There should be 4 positive and 4 negative plates like D. Assemble the cells in the rack, with little wood separators the width of the plates between the elements of each tube, and then connect the rows in series by soldering the positive end of one row to the negative of the next by small lead strips. The battery is now ready for the electrolyte, which however, should not be placed in it until ready to charge. The electrolyte is a 10 to 20% solution of sulphuric acid, which may be mixed, bought from a garage, or, as the quantity needed is quite small, may be stolen with a hydro- meter from a large fully charged battery. The tubes should be filled to within a half inch of the top, and charged at a rate, best determined by experiment, such that only moderate gassing takes place. If D.C. is not available, the battery may be charged on 110 volt A.C. with a single- jar electrolytic rectifier as shown at E. Several types of these are available on the market, and their construction is generally QST 21 known to the amateur. Usually they con- sist of an iron and an aluminum electrode, or electrodes of lead and aluminum, in a solution of sodium phosphate. Such recti- fiers fail to function when unduly hot, and so a sufficiently large one should be used to avoid overheating. Remember that the positive pole of the charging supply goes to the positive of the battery during charge. After being on charge a short while the level of the electrolyte will drop, due to absorption by the plates. Fill again to proper level, and when fully charged melt some paraffine and pour a little on top of the electrolyte in each tube. Allow to harden and then with a hot piece of No. 12 wire make a small hole in the center to permit the escape of gas and to introduce distilled water to compensate for evaporation. While this battery will hold its charge for several weeks, it is much better to keep it up near full charge by frequent “boostings”—short charges now and then. The voltage may be varied in any manner (Concluded on next page) An Interesting Loop ise 7 Pai yu “al yu raf This loop was located at the Naval Radio Station at Otter Cliffs, Bar Harbor, Maine, and was designed and built by W. E. (“Bill”) Woods of 9LC (and ex-9HS) fame, while stationed there, with funds furnished by Lieut. Fabbri, the Com- manding Officer. The outside loop was 22 feet in di- ameter, the inner one 20 feet, both were 4 feet wide, and each carried 14 turns of No. 12 insulated wire. Both were re- volvable from the operator’s booth while actually receiving, and a swinging signal due to wave-front distortion could be followed by turning the loop. The inner loop was used as a static balance and many highly interesting experiments were con- ducted with it, including some data on whether or not strays possess directive qualities. This loop was the wonder of the natives at Bar Harbor, and it is said they waited for days to see it “go around” like a Ferris- Wheel.

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22 QST desir ite mine by soldering a littl the connecting strips as in ‘ having one binding post conn¢ lexible lead terminating in a be snapped on to any nun red. I made up in this manner and t plete satisfaction. N SPARK STUFF from page 11) had the advantages in mathematics, as fortune, and also that new that service wires y lose their discipline ul ers scandalous manners B 1 seen enough. Ditto we returned upstairs, larry’s mother hear our all hands assembled, I e wireless station was fins Harry’s own—but the els yf the thing was rotten. heartily. That it was 1 a powder magazine i that any minute not be likely to go off in a and never return to st of this end of the inless things were fixed. Harry did the job. On Mother was not in favor ing for parts unknown lue flame. She had not re was so dangerous. The , ght take a crack at the was what was hanging better that a halt were could be fixed. I in- 1uthorities would prob- pointed remarks to make business kept up, and re- ejected gentleman who e from the Telephone ( thought the Telephone have something to say July, 1920 if the thing were not improved, as most of the town’s phones had been out of com- mission for two weeks. I suggested that it was also unhealthy to monkey with the fuzes and use thirties when the house wiring was only intended for sixes, and as for running the meter backwards, if the Electric Light Company ever got wind of such a thing as that, they would froth at the mouth. As for the paraffined annunciator wire, I made it plain that it was about on a par with lighting the kitchen stove with gasoline. Some real wiring by a real electrician was the proper way to attend to this, and if this wire were at right angles to the house lighting, it would cure the kick-back dis- ease. All in cil, it might be well if no more transmitting were done until the Telephone Company and the Electric Light Company had sent a man out to look the lay-out over. Then we said good night all around, and little Mother smiled again and thanked us for stepping in at the critical moment and saving her boy from a flaming exit She wanted to spend the rest of the night tell- ing us about his wonderful talents, and how he was the centre of all things, a born leader, and took after her father, who built a patent umbrella out of kindling wood at the age of seven. When we got outside the Phone Expert heaved a deep sigh. With dreadful profanity he inquired if I could tell him what we were coming to anyway if kids could go on like that, flirting with fire, flame, and the public utilities I told him he may have thought he had his troubles, but he did not know what trouble meant. Let him just try to orerate a wireless station with a whole ountry full of just such ginks as that, and see how he liked it. That was what I had been up against for six months steady, and was there any wonder that I had formed bad habits. (Concluded on page 40) " DOGCON (T! IF HE CANT HEAR Mm ctHAr HE'S GOT A TIN EAR OR HIS AERIAL'S GROUNDED “ LATEST OAZE ol TT. TRYING NOT TO APPEAR EXCITED WHE TRYING OvT A HOME MADE WIRECESS CABINET ON A HAM FRIEND ON THE NEXT BiLOck

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1920 Q July, 23 ST AMERICAN Rapio ifih a Lost—A 1920 Summer Season T is hard to believe that such a thing | could be lost, as the man said about his bath tub, but it certainly seems to have occurred. Up to this date, approach- ing July first, there is no sign of any summer season in amateur radio that we know anything about. We have searched diligently too, but when we put the phones on at night, it is very evident that things are going to be just as about as strenuous this summer as they were last winter. The usual summer season of bygone years is going the way of the crystal detector - discarded by all stations of the better class. There are several queer things con- nected with this vanishing of the summer season. One is the surprising freedom from static on nights which you would swear would make working impossible. Some of the hottest days, with threaten- ing-appearing clouds hovering around all afternoon long, we have found are follow- by a night which is the equal of the finest winter nights. Usually it turns out ed that the static comes on around ten o’clock, and increases steadily until it is time to turn in, and then seems to dis- appear again about daylight, and remain away until ten o’clock again. This rule seems to follow with great regularity, and to represent average conditions. Another queer thing is the amazing in- crease in signal strength from certain stations which have been either too faint to read all winter or not heard at all. It almost seems that some entirely new directional effects came into play at this season of the year. We can recall several stations in the First District which we could only occasionally hear faintly during the winter, which now come in so QSA they can be read easily with the phones on the table. And this with no changes at either transmitting or receiving station. Still another queer one is the curious effects upon static of oscillating one’s bulb at the ragged edge of oscillation, so to speak. There seem to be places where RELAY LEAGUE static strength is materially reduced, and yet spark transmitters are still amply strong for reading. It makes a very pretty thing to play with, especially as it promises at any minute to uncover some discovery that may lead to fame and fortune. And say, if this summer is to be as busy as last winter was, what will next winter be like? There something to think about here. The A.R.R.L. Emblem EVERAL months ago we solicited an S expression of opinion on the subject of an A.R.R.L. Emblem. The re- sponse was instantaneous, and solidly in favor of it. Many were the designs and suggestions received, and from them we arrived at the device shown, which was officially adopted by our Board of Direc- tion at its last meeting. We all know that our Emblem must be chaste in design and color, distinctive, and symbolic of our work. These qualities, we feel, are well represented in this in- signia, which is a diamond with slightly rounded corners, bearing in its corners the letters “A RRL”, and /\ containing in its center an is elementary “hook-up” which is symbolic alike of trans- mission and reception, tele- graph or radiophone, spark or C.W.—in other words, representative of us all. This design will appear on everything A.R.R.L., but our immediate concern was a pin or button whereby one A.R.R.L. man might recognize another, and these a our Board has arranged to supply, as stated in an advertisement elsewhere in this issue. In these, the design and border are in gold, and the background in black enamel a neat and extremely’ good- looking insignia. Now we will know each other. As quickly as we can get these distributed they will become the sign of a Hail-Fellow-Well-Met in amateur radio— a Brother A.R.R.L. man.

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24 QsT July, 1920 Let t the purpose for Daylight Work whict is Emblem—that we RE you getting in on this daylight may ! r recognizing True A work? If not, why not? It is good Amat . it. May it stuff. Do you know that daylight — highest im amateur work is curing some dead-spot ills in vari- aie ous parts of the country, opening easy communication between points where Cc. Ww.” traffic can never get thru at night? That QRM is very light then, because the total I over the country number of stations that can be open in R but sure trend daytime is small? That summer static is idamped in amateur rarely bad before noon and that daylight rad ight would develop, work offers a wonderful opportunity to ar ee it carry on communication over very Tre- W ngly in favor of C.W. spectable distances with no more QRN tra re going to do all we than we have on many a winter’s night? in t r. In previous articles And that QSS is at a minimum in daytime? os the advantages of this All of this is true. Those of you who yst not think of all of its ; g e. It is wonderfully ef e decrement Is so ex- tre energy all on practi- is flexible, lending ms of transmission: W telegraphy, and _ tele- phor mpliance with any con- tem] vs a thing of ease; it is quiet are low; it offers a for the investigator; anything more en- tral xperimenter. Another ra f it gives the isolated fellow ret in the game—men wl f things because of r the inability to in- rator for a spark set. It } intages, too, but they ' rracter. It is awfully hard t r tubes, but this we may expe itself out soon. And We can install quite a fort transmitter for a hundt nd it will take two or thr ich to put in an un- f similar range. The bu nse, outside of the tubes, ; nerator, and we believe hort time until some en- terp1 r discovers a cheap way ( this. And who said it had > Not enough attention h e possibilities of the arc. I such probem, when we t seriously and try hard work, it will unravel hing is that it takes a nkering to get the re- set, because it is new rr iteurs. But wasn’t that sal f the spark, and didn’t “ e, and isn’t this one go- re fascinating thing to take shape for our needs? W ve of a great transition ods. We plead for the erious consideration that tages merit. are becoming disheartened by night after night of static, take a new lease on life— send out a CQ some lunch-hour or Sunday afternoon and get the jolt that is coming to you when you realize that there is “business as usual” and most of the old gang on the air, and that you’ve been missing it all Don’t forget the H-T-L Club; to join it, just sit in the first noon- hour you can, and let somebody know you’re alive. Legislative Affairs ber of people have been working seriously on the matter of revising the radio legislation, both of our country and the International regulations. The matter is a very complex one, with many ramifications, including the coming Inter- national Communications Convention, the possibility of meeting of the Berne Con- vention, the study of the Allied Protocol dealing with communication, and several varieties of United States legislation de- signed for adoption separate from any of the international agreements. It would take a whole issue of QST to tell the story. We just want to say here that our Board of Direction is in intimate touch with conditions and, as always, actively at work in looking after amateur rights. When the International Communications Convention meets, it will consider as a basis for new international regulation the protocol mentioned above, and for some months past the Department of Commerce, the section of our government most con- cerned in the enforcement of radio law, has been carefully studying this document to determine what changes are necessary to adopt it to the needs of our country. For this purpose the Secretary of Com- merce has appointed an advisory com- mittee of the best technical radio men in various branches of the art, and on this committee sits Mr. Charles H. Stewart, of F's a good many months a large num-

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July, 1920 St. David’s, Pa.. member of our Board and Assistant Manager of the Atlantic Division, an old-time amateur with worlds of ex- perience in the various legislative moves which have been up before, as repre- sentative of Amateur Radio. This in- sures us excellent representation, and we here acknowledge our gratitude to Mr. Stewart for his hard work and splendid effort. Most of us do not realize the extent of the progress made in radio in the last few years; but, important as that is, we do not believe it a circumstance to the great advances which the next few years will see inaugurated in a practical way. This makes imperative some improvement in the present radio regulations, and we am- ateurs, in considering our rights under the law, must not lose sight of the fact that radio is being put to many more uses every day and that the rights of others have to be considered as much as ours. We must not oppose progress, and to adopt an un- reasonable attitude on the question would not only get us nowhere but probably would prove fatal to our future. We be- lieve we may expect that new legislation will be a little more strict; a little tighten- ing in the decrement, which goodness knows it will stand; probably a little closer definition of our wave lengths. But we may be sure that we are being adequately provided for, because our government knows our worth to the country, we are represented on the bodies considering the question, and we have been treated with consideration all along the route. Write Something HY don’t some of you fellows write WV more about some of the interesting radio engineering data you collect? Every once in a while something drifts in- to the office about what So-and-So is doing or has done, and we just hanker to know more about it but never have this hanker- ing satisfied. The opportunity is simply great, and you chaps who have done things make a great mistake in not taking the trouble to write it up and have it pub- lished. Not only would it .be helpful to all your brothers interested in the same problems, but it would establish your name. There is a lot of prestige ac- companying a good technical article, and it is surprising how few of them it re- quires to place a man upon a firm founda- tion as an authority upon the subject he covers. The only trouble is that most of us feel a little modest about it. Forget this modesty only once, write something covering some subject you have thought about, and the trick is turned. It will not be hard to write another and another, and QsT 25 it will develop you mentally in a way you would not believe possible. We do not think we ought to pay each other for writing for QST, and so do not expect any cash return. It is part of our mutual scheme to throw everything into the common pot, and it has worked in every- thing we have done and it will work in these articles. So, sharpen up that old pencil, you fellows who have done things, and write us in something. It will be the best investment you ever made. Date Your Messages T may be all right to shoot the “Greet- ings by wireless” stuff through without any date, but, fellows, we hear many messages go through which really ought to carry a date. It really is not much more work to put in the month and date right after the place of origin, and when the message arrives at its destination it means more and reflects more credit upon. those who handled it. The class of message traffic we are handling now is very much different than it used to be, and many times we know that the one sending them places full confidence in their prompt delivery, because they specify meeting places and arrange understandings which might result in great inconvenience if the messages failed of delivery. We always do our best to get this kind of message through, but there are times when it is impossible to move one. The thing to do then is to forward by mail, noting upon the blank that no relay was obtain- able beyond your station and that message was forwarded by mail to avoid delay. That is the kind of thing we would re- spect in the other fellow, and so let us command respect. Our message traffic is one of the forerunners of a great develop- ment in citizen communication, and thanks to the splendid work our Traffic Organiza- tion has done, we are looked to as the logical people to carry it forward. Let us therefore do everything we can to do a good job, and make the handling of our message traffic something which will com- pare with the best that is done anywhere, whether paid for or not. The first step to make our service more valuable is to date our messages as called for in the Operating Department regulations. Ge, Cy

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O. SMITH e Centre, L. I. MANAGER ndications it would word “season” is no * amateur radio. At idle June, traffic is ver the various me equal to that of rmer years. True, certain degree, but it less than usual in le this condition has asure to the con- into middle sum- is increased effici- 1ateur installation, und receiving, is much had before the war. of regenerative re- much, both in in- range and in de- gnals of a sharply- be amplified to a egeneration than is ed transmitter. change from spark ransmission is now in te a number of cases ready been discarded. Its achieved with C.W. t about 100 watts of antenna will do just full kilowatt of the nd the flexibility of the to be used as straight W., or as a radiophone, highly desirable advan- transmission. probable that at some t will become necessary tail the latitude now itters, simply because ng degree to which is expanding. New bably be rather drastic, ery careful adjustment to comply with them, W. will make compliance imple matter. This is ivantage of the undamped. s now in transition from nd a complete change- a question of time. the Division Managers QsT Tee ODERATING DEPARTMENT ~° NEW ENGLAND DIVISION Guy R. Entwistle, Manager The Division Manager is certainly en- couraged by the reports from the various relay officials. The newly-appointed men have taken to the work with results that can be determined from their respective reports. The D.M. took a trip to 1YB, Dartmouth College, and lived like a king for three days under the careful eye of D. S. Hayes. 1AW, 1HAA, were worked and several DX stations were copied. Radio Inspector Gawler will inspect in that district soon and talk to the club members on tuning. Asst. Division Manager Castner reports commendable work by 1IKAY during the past month in working 8BB in Plattsburg. This is surely an important jump as it is only a short distance to Montreal from 8BB. Pomeroy, 1CAO, of Bath, has ac- cepted the care of that section. The present trunk line from Boston is 1CK, IRV, 1EK or 1KAY, 1FV, 1CAO, 1BK, on to Holton and Bar Harbor. E. T. Stubbs of Sanford, Maine, is erecting a fine 1 K.W. station. Fred Grindle, Chief at NBD, is going to put a % K.W. set and will make good material in that section. Superintendent Hayes, of Northern New Hampshire, reports a quick change-over switch has been installed for the two waves 200 and 375 meters. Radio In- spector Gawler will talk on tuning and incidentally try out one of 1RN’s new fish rods. Perhaps 1RN some day will get out a collapsible antennae mast resembling a fish rod, which all of us can try out. Have published an article in eight papers telling about the A.R.R.L. (New England relay men please note and dupli- cate if possible.) Superintendent McLane writes from Laconia, “Some traffic has been handled from Laconia to Concord and from there to 10E and 1IT. Our big need is a station that can do some real relay work located in Manchester or Nashua”. He adds to the peculiarities prevalent in this dis- trict in reporting both he and 1YB able to hear each other work 1TS or Boston stations, while often not able to work each other, and only fifty miles away.

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July, 1920 1BH, Hardy, District Superintendent, reports traffic moving thru Northern Massachusetts, and regular schedules with 1HAA, and 1CK, 1EK, 1RY, 1KAY. He is developing to the westward and wants to hear from amateurs in that section. Pulley has new laurels added to his list. His new appointment as fading assistant and analyist will keep him busy tabulating and studying the collected data on the QSS tests. Robinson, Traffic Assistant, has done a little literary work so we have the follow ing: With the coming of summer the distances between the stations will have to be made shorter. The line thru East- ern New England can be worked in day- time and is good for all summer. The problem of getting a message to Western Massachusetts is one that should have a solution. Springfield can only be reached by a round-about way and is then uncer- tain. 1RV, Carl Ricker, is a very wel- come addition to our relay route. IHAA has acquired a rotary gap and is much easier to copy. 1TS has also blossomed out with a rotary which is an improve- ment. 1TS and 1AW seem to have a re- versible action. On nights LAW comes in, 1TS disappears while the reverse is true other nights. Robinson worked 2ZL (C.W.) the 22nd, signals QSA. The C.W. signals waver somewhat but after getting used to the quivering note are O.K Assistant District Manager Mix of Bristol reports that District Superintend- ent Nichols, Bridgeport, states that traffi is slowly but surely on the gain. 1BM is QSO 1QN in New Haven who is QSO 1TS and 1FQ, and also working 2ZL and 2FS, C.W. sets. 1QN and 1FW have been ap pointed official A.R.R.L. stations. Spring field is the weakest point between here and 1CM or 1YB. Amateurs in the following named cities should report to 1TS for appointment in a new relay route: Coventry, E. Greenwich, R. I.; Norwich, Conn. One significant fact that stands out imspiring is the gradual C-W-izing of New England. The following have C-W sets: Wood, Arnold, Winchester; 1CK; 1XF, Providence; Mass. Radio School; 1YC; 1AY; 1QP. ATLANTIC DIVISION C. A. Service, Jr., Manager Contrary to early indications, relay work in the Eastern part of the United States and especially in the Atlanti Division, has experienced a decided turn for the better, and long distance trans- mission has been unusually good for this time of year. Messages are being handled with little or no delay between the larger cities along the main Trunk Routes and QST 27 whatever delay is encountered is due more to the absence of operators at _ their stations than to bad relay weather. However, we do not know how long it will be till QSS and summer static will get the upper hand, which again brings us face to face with the necessity of develop- ing daylight routes. From New York south- ward to the Roanoke Division, this seems a possibility through New Jersey, as stations along the coast are able to clear New York fairly reliably, 3NB at Vineland can work the Coast and Philadelphia stations day- time and if Mr. Horn, District Supt. for Delaware, gets his station, 3PM, Rehoboth, Del., in communication with the Jersey stations, we feel that the rest of the route south will work itself out At the time of writing this report, the Division Manager has not received the complete details of the A.R.R.L. Division QSS tests which are to be carried on simultaneously with those of the Bureau of Standards, but later issues of QST will have all this and also the final schedules, so that every reader of QST will be familiar with this most important work commencement of the tests. Manager cannot urge too strongly that all A.R.R.L. stations in his Division co-operate in taking observations and forward their reports to him for analysis. Further details will be given elsewhere in QST. If any information or advice is desired, the Division Manager stands ready to supply it to the best of his ability; suggestions are also welcomed. When long distance relay work is cut down on account of QRN and QSS, it is a good opportunity for many of us to turn to improvement of our sets in preparation for next season. The Division Manager has made pilgrimages to several] leading DX stations and almost without exception, there was room for great improvement. One station in particular, was a marvel of useless leads, poor connections, and old style apparatus He gets there, but we suspect he would travel about twice as far if more care were given to details of cor- rect design and the elimination of un- necessary parts Mr. C. H. Stewart, Assistant Division Manager, Southern Section, reports that there has been a continued improvement in the operation of transmitting sets in this Section during the past month, and in spite of the fact that atmospheric diffi- culties are encountered, stations in the Western part of the State of Pennsylvania have been heard in the Eastern part of the State, and vice versa, and some relay messages have been handled through to the West. However, there is much room for improvement, but what is most needed to bring this about is not so much more efficient operation, but additional relay oe

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stat ent f officia montl distr Pitts all ; appe Dev rece! club Ohio > } vail officer Secret gaps WV Dev nr ing prog! he r ot of the 1 (SDA) bridge the longer exist. District Superintend- nsylvania, Mr. R. irgh, shows encourag- -eports that the num- iled by the various greatly in excess luring the previous Inspector for that ld examinations in Devinney states that y station operators examinations. Mr. that at a banquet Castle, Pa. a new called the Eastern Pennsylvania Amateur and the following A. J. Manning | Riley (8CH) Vice McConnell (8ADF) the above are station ne No. 3. hat the situation as iraging, and that the No. 2 is exception- ees on this Branch ih to make daylight urrence, the oper- a regular schedule, handled from Union- 1 half hour. Walleze, Traffic Assist- nee of Mr. Cawley, is Superintendent for the 1 District, reports that been moving in his vhile conditions appear results are far from jue to the lack of two tions. Mr. Cawley, for this District rator on the S/S for Chile, and will be nths. trict Superintendent that reports from ite that the traffic nonth has narrowed immer volume. For vo weeks beginning al amount of long rried on, considering eason, but outside of istent long distance Philadelphia to Sea ictive operation, day hoped this condition the summer months. tarted to try to get the ‘t touch with stations vicinity. tor has just completed ensed stations in this few exceptions, has QsT July, 1920 found that the owners have made every effort to obey regulations, with regard to decrement and wave length. Stations on Long Island, especially 2ZL, report signals from shore resort stations as being steady and readable both day and night. Tests will be carried out in order to try and open up a daylight route from New York City to Philadelphia via coast stations down to Ocean City and thence across Branch A to Philadelphia and vicinity. This will be a very useful route if once established. Assistant Division Manager John DiBlasi reports that a combined “QRM” meeting of the East Side Y.M.C.A. (New York) Radio Club, and the Radio Traffic Associa- tion of Brooklyn, was held on May 13th. A set of rules and regulations regarding QRM was drawn up and copies are to be distributed to all amateur stations in the Second District. W. T, Fraser, District Superintendent Western New York, reports that tests with Toronto, Ont. were very satisfactory. No trouble was experienced in working them, but since navigation has opened they are allowed only 50 meter wave length. It is possible to work 8XU (Cornell University) any night. Rochester is worked occasionally. Any business for Buffalo should be sent via 8XU. ROANOKE DIVISION W. T. Gravely, Manager The good old summer days are at hand, and with them have come the Chinese sig- nals, static, but thus far, there has been little, if any, cessation of long distance operation by the amateurs, and the relay- ing of messages continues. Developments in this Division are splendid, and the organization is being perfected as rapidly as possible. Al] of the District Superin- tendents have been instructed to develop daylight lines all over the Roanoke Division, but as yet, we have a long way to go before our ideals, in this respect, may be realized. Yet the vision is ever present, and the materialization of our plans is an assured fact. I am thoroughly in sympathy with the Staff’s ideas of short jumps, and am hoping the lines may be worked out on this plan. With the ever increasing number of stations, the jam becomes worse and worse, and the need for lines with stations linked up closer becomes more evident each day. District Superintendent C. D. Blair, 3HO, Richmond, Va., reports satisfactory progress in the Central Virginia District. He states that he will soon have a line in operation between Washington and Rich- mond, and between Richmond and Dan- ville, and also between Richmond and the Seaboard. Mr. Blair is an enthusiastic worker.

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July, 1920 Mr. L. C. Herndon, 3FG, Portsmouth, Va., District Superintendent Seaboard, or Eastern Virginia, reports satisfactory pro- gress. He states that the amateurs in his district are well organized. Mr. T. C. White, Jr., 3EN, Norfolk, Va., City Manager, Norfolk, makes quite a lengthy report, which is very gratifying. He states that he and 3FG have been handling practically all of the relay messages in that district thus far, and that they will continue throughout the summer. Mr. White attended the Convention in Philadelphia, May &sth, of the Third District radio amateurs, and is very enthusiastic over the meeting. Mr. Jno. F. Wohlford, 3CA, Roanoke, Va., District Supt., Southwest Virginia, is spending a great dea] of time on his lines. He will, personally, visit a number of points during the summer, and make effort to secure good stations at each. He says prospects are fine. Mr. Jas. T. Moorhead, Jr., 4CC, Greens- boro, N. C., District Supt. North Carolina, has his station in operation now, and we hope to have interesting news from him in his report. Mr. A. G. Heck, 8EF, Mannington, W. Va., District Supt. Northern W. Va. will work, in conjunction with Mr. Jno. F. Wohlford, Roanoke, Va., toward opening up a reliable route between the two points. 8EF is sifting through the ether these sultry nights. He can be heard pounding away, manfully, quite often. Will those interested in relaying, who live in the Roanoke Division, please get in touch with the various District Superin- tendents as speedily as possible? Let those interested come forward. Don’t wait to be hunted up. CENTRAL DIVISION R. H. G. Mathews, Manager During the past month the Division Manager has been very much pleased at the evidences of the continuance of long distance work throughout the summer season. From the results which have been obtained it would appear that the accom- plishment of summer relay work depends entirely on the “sticktoitiveness” of the operators of the relay stations. Traffic with the East coast has been carried on regularly either direct from 9ZN to 3NB or by relays through 8ER or 8DA. “The experience of handling these tests has shown that signals are coming through about as well as during the winter, the fading being even less, the only difficulty being due to static, and with modern im- provements such as ground wires and loops this is not giving a great deal of trouble. Excellent traffic work is being handled on the Lake Shore Route and on the route through Southern Illinois, as well as on QsT the Eastern trunk, but considerable diffi- culty has been found in forwarding mess- ages West to and beyond the boundaries of the Centra] Division, this difficulty being mainly due to the fact that a great many of the stations have been closed for the summer. In this connection the Division Manager wishes to urge the operators of all such stations to give summer work a trial and it is believed that some _ sur- prising results will be secured which will convince them that a shut-down in sum- mer is not necessary. The station of the Central Division Man- ager has been equipped with a 2 k.w. 500 cycle Telefunken panel quenched set which is now in operation on wave lengths of 200, 250 and 375 meters, in addition to the old 2 k. w. non-synchronous spark set. The new panel set is the property of Mr. H. E. Rawson, formerly of 1RN, who is now located in Chicago but unfortunate- ly is so situated that the erection of a station of his own is not possible. Mr. Rawson has very kindly loaned his set to the Division Manager for use in connec- tion with the relay work in the Central Division. Mr. Burhop, District Superintendent of Wisconsin, reports the continuance of re- lay work in his territory, and from the quantity of traffic passing through Chicago to and from Wisconsin, it is evident that his report is founded on facts. Mr. Burhop, together with the members of his Lake Shore Route, deserves great credit for the snappy manner in which Wiscon- sin traffic is being handled on Sunday morning schedule. Mr. Darr, District Superintendent of Southern Michigan, reports that traffic is being handled in his District in short jumps and that no difficulty is being found in covering the lower part of the state in day- light. He reports that many of his sta- tions are experimenting with continuous wave sets and hope to overcome summer difficulties in this way. We are very glad to see that considerable organization work is being done in Mr. Darr’s territory, this being evidenced by the fact that a num- ber of new radio clubs have applied for affiliation with the League. Special fading tests will be run by the traffic department of the League, and a schedule, which will appear elsewhere in QST, has been prepared for this Division by which a number of the more prominent long distance stations will transmit at dif- ferent times on different dates their sig- nals being checked by receiving stations throughout the Division. Mr. F. H. Schnell, 2220 Roscoe street, Chicago, has been ap- pointed Special Fading Assistant for the Central Division, and it is requested that all operators of receiving stations in this Divi- sion make careful note of the schedule of

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the trar e fading tests and Schnell In order to n ess we must have the « ry station in the Div to impress upon the opera tations the neces- sity f ition in this work. Mr Superintendent of We nd it impossible to territory during the pressure of rdingly Mrs. Cand- ler appointed Acting Distr nt of Western Ohio. Mr t Superintendent of East ed a position which requ m his territory dur- the time, and ac- hat he be relieved ar J. Manning of Salem, O} ted District Superin- , relieving Mr. Ball. lence of activity as been shown of re of Elkhart and Mr Middlebury having un- of the Northern I tion with the idea : I r route between ( passing through Elk- har 1 other Northern In- laylight communica- and the East. The D es to call the atten- t tions in Northern In- liar ation work and re- erators get in touch Mr. Hutchinson ty to participate subn the oth “ re or EST DIVISION jenson, Manager little traffic work hat n the past month 1eer weather condi- Mr St. Louis, District Sup- eri! Missouri, reports that he } nicating with Mr. Tur- . ntendent Western Mis- route to Kansas City . r. Corwin is at Columbia U ive a station working in t He also reports a sta- tior Lamoni that could be ust intage in the daylight re working hard to build states that operating rritory have been very lo keep the interest fron ey have formed the Mis- ’ Assn. with a large mem- nsiderable sum in the tre idard of Shawnee, Kan- P n and late operator of QsT July, 1920 9ZK, is Chairman. This association has applied for affiliation with the ARRL and every member is a member of the league. He reports a bunch of live wires at Sedalia also got together and organized a Club which is now 100% in the League. A station at Holden is being erected and will be on for long distance soon. 9EX and 9FL of St. Joseph have been doing excel- lent work the past season. Mr. Turner is busy lining up a day light route across the state. H. L. Owens of 822 East Main Street, Council Grove, Kansas, has been appointed District Superintendent Eastern Kansas, succeeding B. K. Trump of Topeka, who is at present located in Phoenix, Ariz. Mr. Owens requests all stations in his territory to get in communication with him, giving their sure daylight range, description of set, and hours they can work. P. A. Stover, District Superintendent Iowa, reports that although QRN has been terrific it is still possible to get messages through to the western portion of his ter- ritory (that is to Des Moines) thru all four routes across the state. At the present these routes are as follows: Galesburg, IIl., Washington, Ia., Ottumwa, Des Moines or Lamoni. Clinton, Ia., Iowa City, Marengo, Des Moines. Dubuque, Oelwein, Ames. North and South route as follows: Oel- wein, Marengo, Washington, St. Louis. The route thru the southern part of the state runs from Lamoni to Council Bluffs or Omaha. So far in May there have been three nights when 1AW was copied and on the same nights several other eastern stations were heard. Mr. Stover is proud of the fact that he has induced all men composing his respective routes to become members of the ARRL. He has appointed Mr. G. R. Hammond, 9ZQ, 219 5th Ave., So. Oelwein, Iowa, as Assistant District Superintendent. J. A. Wanek, 9IF, of Giltner, Nebr., has been appointed District Superintendent of Western Nebraska, and K. V. Nyquist. 9AFX, of Stromberg, Neb., his Assistant. Mr. Wanek reports that stations in his ter- ritory are rather scarce and practically all west coast traffic has been handled thru 5ZA direct. Traffic to Kansas via 9DU and 9RP is very uncertain at present due to fading in this section. A good station in western Kansas is badly needed. Sta- tions in South Dakota are very steady and little difficulty is experienced with fading. On April 30th conditions were as favorable as in the middie of winter and 8ER was more QSA than any time during the past winter, and caused considerable QRM here. John G. O’Rourke, 6406 Maple St, Omaha, Nebr., has been appointed District Superintendent Eastern Nebraska and Mr. Bullis, 9SC, his Assistant. Interest seems

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July, 1920 to be entirely lacking in the northern part of this section and he would like to get in touch with reliable stations in the fol- lowing towns: Norfolk, Niobrara, Fremont, Wayne, Columbus and Pender. Efficient stations are locating at Plattsmouth and Oakland. DELTA DIVISION J. M. Clayton, Manager Although regular summer QRN and bad radio weather have set in in _ this division, considerable work is _ being done thruout the division. No longer is the Early Morning work a novelty. Some few messages are going thru during the early morning hours, especially from the extreme southern stations of the division. By sticking it out till the “G. M.” hours of night, traffic can even go through night- ly except when the conditions are very bad. It is with particular regret that the an- nouncement comes from Mr. de Ben of New Orleans that he is leaving the ama- teur game temporarily at least. Mr. de- Ben has left for the “deep blue” as a commercial operator. It is hoped that he pulls down some DX commercial work while his commercial experience is being had and when comes back to the ama- teur game he will continue to “run” 5ZP in the record-breaking manner he used to op- erate it Mr. W. L. Barrow, of Baton Rouge, La., has been appointed Acting District Super intendent for Southern Louisiana. Mr Barrow operates efficient 5EA and is a live wire at organization. The Division has been particularly for tunate in securing the services of Cap- tain N. L. Baldwin of Camp Pike, Arkan- sas, as District Superintendent of Arkansas. Captain Baldwin is the operator of sta- tion “XA3” at Camp Pike and has, even in this tropical Arkansas weather, done some excellent work using a 1 KW Acme on % KW. His radio experience dates back a couple of centuries and naturally he is a dyed-in-the-wool “ham”. He is a live wire right, so some of you Arkansas fellows who are still in the backwoods come forward and get lined up for relay work. If we had a few stations outside of Little he Rock in this state we could do some day- light work. As it is now the nearest thing to us is St. Louis or Dallas, and both of those are a bit too far away for daylight work Let’s hear from some of the Arkansas fellows, if there are any of you Professor W. L. Kennon of 5YE tinues to pound in all thru the division. Professor Kennon is lining up the stations in his state for some fine relay work next season. All the men in Mississippi who con- are interested in securing trunk line ap- QsT 31 pointments will do well to get in com- munication with 5YE at once. Mr. F. B. Beuhler, 919 Beauregard Street, Alexandria, La., has been appoint- ed District Superintendent of Northern Louisiana. He seems to be the most en- thusiastic amateur in the northern part of the state. He has been doing some very good work on his % K. W. set. Mr. W. T. Hutcheson, 5DA, of Wind Rock, Tenn., has been appointed District Superintendent of Tennessee. All ama- teurs in Tennessee who are _ interested, please get in touch with Mr. Hutcheson. It is particularly regretted that the League has never had a station in Memphis. Cer- tainly a city of the size of Memphis should boast of several DX radio men. Traffic has gone into Memphis via the Uncle Sam route ever since 5XC ceased to be. Relay work has gone on further in the season this year than it has ever done be- fore Whether this is due to freak sum- mer weather or increased efficiency in the stations down here, the writer is not pre- pared to say. It is to be hoped that the latter is instrumental in the length of this More probably it is a combina- tion of fair weather and more efficient sta- tions. However, it is a fair certainty that when summer radio weather DOES set in down in the south, relay work will be abso- lutely limited to those stations who are in daylight communication with each other. Central Division Manager Mathews re- that he can get messages thru his division to St. Louis even in daylight. It is now the problem of this.division to get them along from St. Louis south. \ll amateurs in this division who haven’t written the relay official in their section, will profit much by doing so. There are any number of vacancies on all the trunk lines going through this division. season ports WEST GULF DIVISION Frank M. Corlett, Manager The Summer electrical storms which have alwavs visited this section of the country held a convention somewhere in this vicinity with an unusually large attend- ance. **%$”?!$@$*!!!@! That is about all one can hear if he attempts to listen in of an evening and it must have fright- ened al] the relay stations so badly they are afraid to make a daylight try of it, for the District Superintendents all report that it is almost next to an impossibility to maintain a daylight schedule for the sim- ple reason that the gang will not be at their sets. For those that have not tried it, they don’t know what they are missing. It certainly is great to shoot the stuff over to the next station and hear him give it to the next, etc. As an example of what can be done, one afternoon recently, Pilot NitaT have

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Dist » fact still and revu Rad du head the 1 the ex las al of W worl the : rict »® abo it ve Dallas, 5ZC, a ved a QSL from ind 5ZU at Austin Traffic moved off rnoon and it proved iled throughout the chedule when sta- District, Raymond s, Texas, in charge r organization lines. East Fourth St., en appointed Asst. ned the Amarillo ting of the follow- Hansford, Hutchin- ng, Ochiltree, Rob- pscomb, Hemphill, orth. Pilot Point, Texas, tant District Sup- ed the counties of tague, Wise, Parker, to, to be known as rrivory. 5AJ, 2603 Hibernia been appointed City He reports that in fire works” every- ting thru O. K. Mr. traffic schedule for by out of town sta- eady to give the de- QST. Despite the ison” is with us, the Radio Club are 1 a good attendance being shown at the Mr. T. G. Deiler, U. S. New Orleans, con- for both amateur and censes at the club’s Y. M. C. A. here on About fifteen took Mr. Deiler stated that he ther trip through Dal- nd that all holders of le licenses would be ex- r examination for ama- Those failing to appear ild have their second elled xas District, in charge LU, reports that Austin » when Waco can meet tion in Beaumont re- \ustin amateurs by a 100 meters for “W W”. re is a law somewhere ers is the limit and that ry before using a trans- trict, Louis Falconi, Dist- has not been heard either by mail or radio Old Man Static has just ZA. Don’t let him bluff QSsT July, 1920 you, 5ZA, there is a station “coming up” at Amarillo and before long we hope to work you during daylight, via the shorter jump plan. Captain B. H. Mills, Post Field, Fort Sill, Okla., expects to help us out on Trunk Line “F” with a 1 K.W. 500 cycle set soon. Captain Mills is ex-2BF. We are glad to have him with us, and goodness knows Trunk Line “F” north of Dallas needs him bad. We 5’s welcome you, Cap- tain. DAKOTA DIVISION R. H. Pray, Manager There has been very little long distance work in this Division the past month as strays have generally been so bad after sunset that even local work has been diffi- cult. However, there have been three nights without a sign of static with the distant stations coming through. 9ZX has handled traffic direct with Illinois and Iowa sta- tions. There is no doubt that a large amount of message traffic could have been handled on these three nights BUT there were only a few stations on to take ad- vantage of it. Of course it is not to be expected that anyone would sit in when there is bad QRN but if every one could listen in for five or ten minutes every night it would be possible to tell how much can be done and things could be kept moving until it is possible to get some “short jump” routes working. By “short jump’ I do not mean it as they do in the more crowded parts of the country. A “short jump” in this Division can mean anything up to 100 miles. The progress in summer routes has been very slow because of the scarcity of sta- tions of any description. The local routes of the North Dakota Radio Assn., are practically all in working order and Mr. Boyd Phelps, Traffic Manager of the Min- nesota Wireless Assn., is organizing a route that will connect with an N. D. R. A. route at Fergus Falls, Minn. It would help a lot if all the stations in Minnesota that will be able to take part write Mr. Phelps in care of the Minnesota Wireless Assn, 416 Court House, Minneapolis Mr. J. A. Gjelhaug, of 9ZC, Superin- tendent of the No. Minnesota Distri t, is working hard at early morning tests and reports that he hears Winnipeg, JWD. QSA im daylight, so that no trouble is expected in handlin; traffic into Canada in the future. Mr. E. S. Leavenworth, North Dnkota District Superintendent, reports the form- ing of a radio club at Ellendale which has applied for affiliation with the A.RRL. Ellendale has another good station now with the call] 9EE. Ellendale shold be able to do its part with two such good stations as 9WU and 9EE.

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July, 1920 We are still trying to organize daylight routes to all parts of the Division. We ean do nothing unless every one will do his part. So will everyone with a station in working order this summer please write his District Superintendent telling him what time he can be on during the day. NORTHWESTERN DIVISION John D. Hertz, Manager, Royal Mumford, Acting Manager, Vancouver, Wash. This announces the beginning of the re- cently created Northwestern Division. We feel that we have received the reward of our increasing activity in behalf of the A. R. R. L. Considering the scarcity of sta- tions, remarkably good work has beer done. The distance from Moscow, Idaho, to Los Angeles has been covered in one jump. Regular A. R. R. L. traffic has been handled direct from Portland to Los Angeles during the favorable months of the year. And a northern route has been opened up to the east. The work east was uncertain, to be sure. but once establishe! the r-ule is sure to grow more and more dependable. Now it is noticeable that extremely long distance work is slowing up. The shorter and more dependable jumps are coming into prominence. These jumps are of ne- cessity becoming smaller and smaller. A chain of short jumps necessitates a num- ber of indispensible stations. We will soon see the time when relay work will be im- possible without perfect organization and whole-hearted cooperation. We cannot make individual records; but we can make a record for the A. R. R. L. by estabk- lishing dependable communication under adverse conditions. We are justly proud sf the A. R. R. L. and we will be proud of the records we help it to make. John D. Hertz has been appointed man- ager of our new division. We know 7ZB as “The one who made ’em hear him”. We will all be glad to have him with us again in the fall. As he is spending his summer vacation as a commercial operator in Alas- ka, the work in this division will be carried on by Assistant Manager, Lester E. O’Brien, 709 S. 10th St., Tacoma, Wash., and my- self. We are in need of more activity and representation in Idaho and Montana. I am sorry that this part -of the division is not covered more completely, but every effort to locate someone to represent that district has been of no avail to date. If anyone can help, let him be heard from. Montana State College, Bozeman, Mont., has a full fledged station in operation. No data regarding its call or wave length is available at this writing, but college news will be broadcasted every Friday evening at 8 o’clock. Here’s wishing the best of success to their Electrical Engineering de- partment. QsT 33 Relay work north and south has been cleared in spite of the rapidly growing volume of strays and increasing audibility of high tension QRM due to dry weather. At least six stations 7AD, 7YS, 7CR, 7BP, 7CW, and 7CU are working south over the static with more or less success. Ex- cept for temporary spasms of unfavorable weather 7CU has been in constant com- muncation with 6EJ. It is interesting to note that 6FE re- ports 7AH, 7AP, and 7AR, all of. Seattle, which are seldom if ever heard in this vicinity. The way the fellows in the Seattle district carry over our heads is an inter- esting phenomenon. A number of stations are bending every effort to put over A. R. R. L. traffic all summer. In Seattle 7AD, 7AN, 7BK, 7CK and 7FB are holding down their end of the line. In Tacoma we have 7CB and 7CE that have been copied in the sixth district. TEV of Tacoma promises us a CW set in the near future. This is exactly what we need to work through the unfav- orable conditions during the summer. In Kelso, Wash., 7BV is a promising station which will help on the short jump line from here to Seattle. In Vancouver 7FH and 7CU and in Portland 7CR, 7BP, 7DS, and 7DA all-have sparks that carry south. At Silverton 7CW is remarkably free from high tension interference and static, ac- cordingly he works north or south with ease. 7YB of Eugene, Ore., certainly has a notable L D spark. He would be just the ticket for a short-jump line south if he were only on the job more often. Lester E. O’Brien, Assistant Manager, Tacoma, reports that trunk “A” will make an attempt to establish itself as a regular trunk line. 7CE at Tacoma will act as officia] traffic clearing station on trunks “A” and “F’”’. Mr. Hoover, (7CH) is out of the ether until fall and I’m will all miss his familiar “sigs”. The pre- sent line up on the route east follows: Tacoma, reports that trunk “A” will make 7BF; Yakima, Wash., 7AX; Spokane, Gon- zaga College; Boise, Idaho, 7CH or Mos- cow, Idaho, 7CC, and from there east. This line needs a few more stations and a lot more enthusiasm, but we hope to have it in good working order by next fall. Amateurs of Portland and vicinity do not lack variety. When LD is dull we are treated with musical concerts to suit any taste, from latest Jazz to high class Grand Opera. The tests conducted by 7CR, 7ZB and 7CW with the Forestry service radio telephone sets have made us reluctant to hang up our phones. It is interesting to note that the CW radiating 0.46 amperes and spark signals radiating 1.5 to 2 am- peres, both at Portland, are equal in audi- bility at 7CW, about 40 miles distant. Chas. Austin of Portland has _ taken Sure we

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charg: tests in this division. It is « me good dope can be c unly have our share of QSS oO? 1O DIVISION A. H. K. Russell, Manager Relay the Ontario Division have bes ick during the past month vecause of any slack- ening lay work, but because of the fa 1teur wireless in the 1 a transition stage, Divisio1 as W ater. The 1 Division is not able to overt r fall-off is that with the oper ition the wave-length allowed itomatically dropped back ¢t metres, thus pretty effectiv« f any long distance work tion remains in force until na ficially closed in the Fall, ar coincides with the re- turn of s weather. A gr n seems to be taking place ir district. Everything seems 1 he fact that CW and radio going to entirely re- place s] hy in this.district with all advar irs in the very near futuré t present in Toronto four CW transmitters, and seve! xpressed the intention of start t at once. All these statior irse of smal] power as yet, bu ery likelihood that by the ti vy falls again Toronto district rd over several hundred miles by Thes« in CW and telephony have be ich stimulated by the tests fr XX, and KQO, as it set dozer rs listening who in the ordinar} f events would be shov- ing “H park?” into the air with every! Ford coil to a 1 KW transf we get these fellows inter« QRM is a dead one, for then th« e a broad wave if they want t S \WRENCE DIVISION Lorimer, Manager Dist for the past month are very br w general cessation of activiti: it the division. This is undoubt to the interference caus- ed by | amateurs who persisted in oper r stations on or near 600 mete ped by VCA, and may also be tz rs in vicinity of VCB and VCC \ 1teurs hearing VCA call “Amat you are interfering with Comn elieved they were implicat- QsT July, 1920 ed generally and ceased operating. As a matter of fact VCA cannot hear those stations tuned on amateur waves. The receiver (Mar. Type 2846) in use at VCA is specially selective. To ascertain the extent of interference experienced at VCA, several tests were arranged by the Can- adian Marconi Co., and it was found that a set tuned 290 meters operating from XWA during VCA’s reception from VCB caused no trouble at all, in fact could not be heard at VCA. There are yet hopes that the locals will try and keep on 200 meters, or thereabouts, with a fairly low decrement and avoid using full power for cross town work, hopelessly jamming all others. There are a few stickers who are still coming along in spite of many handi- caps. The station at Plattsburg, N. Y., (8BB) is not in regular operation at present but will later act as the main pass for our traffic south. Station 3Z at Farnham is undergoing considerable improvements and will soon commence regular work to Mon- treal and Plattsburg. We find the Franklin, Vt., station men- tioned in Mr. Entwistle’s report is without any power for transmitting and cannot be any help in that direction except for short local relays by spark coil with our station 2AX at Standbridge east, who works reg- ularly with Farnham using % inch coil. So far no prospectives have yet been lo- cated in the direction of Toronto but three unlicensed sets were confiscated in Kings- ton, Ont. We hope the owners get licenses and try to make good as they are needed there to complete through traffic routes. ALASKAN DIVISION Theo. J. Stocking, Manager Several amateur stations wil] be installed in this division very shortly now, as school closes this coming week and the boys will have ample time to erect same. Among them is Paul J. Mather, a native, who has shown considerable interest in wireless and has had a set constructed which was delivered today. This station will be put into operation next week. The writer has an aerial consisting of two wires 70 feet long, 10 feet above the roof of building in which he lives. With this he is copying the local station, Prince Rupert (Digby Island), B. C. Anyox, B. C., and ships at sea within range. He has installed a new receiving set and has copied stations as far as NPG, San Francisco, and ships at sea. He is en- deavoring to pick up the Japanese stations. Their sending is heard regularly but can- not copy it. Several other stations will be in opera- tion in this division soon.

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July, 1920 —Z a SJ — — ar ro -. = AATER RADIO od a Zz 1AW, HARTFORD, CONN. OR this department this month we present a description of 1AW, the station of our President, Mr. Hiram Percy Maxim, at Hartford. The signals of 1AW are well known over the eastern part of the country, and we believe QST readers will be highly in- terested in learning some of the features of this station. The most nove] departure from regular practice is in the antenna, which is shown on our cover this month. This consists of a slanting flat-top of seventeen wires, 80 feet high at the open end and 50 feet high The seventeen wires lead-in end. are spaced three feet apart along a cable at the at the open end, and supported by two 80-foot built-up wood masts 50 feet apart, while the spacing at the lower end (which is supported by a trussed spreader suspended from a pole on the rear of the house) is 15 inches. From the spreader the wires descend vertically, being gathered into a cable and led directly to the trans- mitter in the rear corner of the basement. The design employed is the nearest ap- proach to a vertical fan that the dis- position of the premises permit, and has given excellent results.

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rey een A pipes buried wire aerial Is attest at 230 tion met of the A faces single house Simon, receivil library graph, ceiving Paragor tubular tage, t plificati transfor win ph An is used—water buried plates, being considerably more | system than job has been well done » fact that the resistance easured by the substitu- it five ohms. The capacity gap with large the ground lead, and a lead-in outside the change-over switch (a same base) at the seen in the photo- thing unusual in the re- which consists of a renerative tuner, a soft r with variable plate vol- res of audio-frequency am- made units using Acme VT-1 tubes, and Bald- the power line is July, 1920 located on the floor and makes possible the use of reduced power for short distance work. The anchor gap obviates the need for a distant-control de- vice; the gap motor runs continuously and the power line runs direct to the key on the. table without in- duction troubles—as simple an arrangement as could be thought of. Both an Acme and a Thordarson trans- former are in _ this station. At the spark frequency used they give exactly the same antenna current. The balance of the appar- atus consists of a non- synchronous rotary gap, a 24,000 volt Dubilier mica conden- ser of .01 mfds., and an oscillation § trans- former of heavy 2- inch ribbon. Switches, meters, and protective devices are located on the panel as shown in the third photograph. Chief interest in the transmitter attaches to the rotary, which has four revolving elect- rodes on a 15-inch circle, belt-driven at 7000 r.p.m. from a % h.p. induction motor. This gap is the result of a number of yeays of experi- menting. It was originally described on page 22 of QST for February, 1917, at which time it had 8 moving electrodes on a 12-inch circle, with a Bakelite center 8 inches in diameter, enclosed in an asbestos-lined box with the stationary electrodes mounted on Bakelite pieces on either side. Subsequent experimenting showed improved results by lessening the number of electrodes and increasing the speed to maintain the frequency, and the number was reduced to six, then to four. This season it was rebuilt with a _ solid metal hub and two solid arms in a cfoss, and the shaft and pulley are therefore “live”, the insulation being furnished by the driving belt. Not the slightest trouble is now had with this apparatus and it definitely answers the question whether it is possible do away with an insulating hub and rely on the driving belt. Because of the narrow electrodes and very high per- ipheral speed and its attendant air blast, it is believed that in this gap quenching is

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July, 1920 secured far beyond that given by ordinary rotaries, so that a tighter coupling is possible in the oscillation transformer with purity of wave maintained. The input on full power is 770 watts, and the antenna current at this input, 5.56 amperes. IAW has been heard in Nebraska, Arkansas, Texas, and as far south as Cuba. In point of consistent performance we believe it ranks with the top-liners in the amateur world. It serves as a gateway station for traffic between New England and the west. Mr. Maxim’s “sine” is “HP”, and the Editor, when he ean find a spare evening to sit in, signs “KB”. QRU? 9AU, CHICAGO These two views are of 9AU, the station of Mr. C. H. Zeller, Assistant Central Division Manager, located at 4732 No Maplewood Ave., Chicago. Mr. J. F Scholtes alternates nights with Mr. Zeller in its operation, Zeller signing ZO and Scholtes AM. Both are ex-Marconi oper- ators and have worked ships together. a T with three 100 wires spaced foot feet, The aerial is phosphor bronze well insulated. 3% The receiving apparatus consists of a regenerative receiver in connection with a tron detector, single step amplifier, and Baldwin phones. (Concluded on page 46) QsT 37 5AO, HOUSTON, TEX. Amateurs who are crowded for station room can get some hints from this picture of 5A0O, which is the station of Mr. Alfred P. Daniel in Houston, Tex. The receiving set is mounted in a desk, the front of which lets down to form the writing table, while the transmitter is on top and the antenna switch and H.W.A. on a nearby window facing, making a very compact station. The O.T. is a Thor. but the transformer isn’t, being homemade—of the open-core type, made from an old gas-lighter “make and break coil” for a primary with eight magneto secondaries strung on it in series. The condenser, plate glass in oil, and the enclosed six-point sawtooth rotary are also home-made. The receiving set comprises, left to right—vario-coupler 200 to 600 meters; honeycombs for long waves; DeForest vernier condensers; Audiotron detector and two Marconi VT’s for amplifiers; Baldwin phones, too. 5AO is reported QSA’~ very in New Orleans (325 miles) and Eagle Pass (403 miles) .

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July, 1920 his organization was f ted with the A.R.R.L. Dec 119, e f tional societies have filiated: Elect » Club, Scranton, Pa. La Radio Assn., Sault Ste. i mn h School Radio Club, Th teur Clmb, Carbondale, El Relay Assn., Elmhurst, : ‘\ Club, Valley City, N. MS r Radio Club, Sedalia, - rt Radio Assn., Portland, Ne lio Assn., New Haven, " h . Irvington, N. J. ; i i Radio Assn., Norfolk, Port \ssn., Portland, Maine. WOOD RADIO ASSN. Chicago, Ill. The il banquet of the Ravens- J ation was held at the Chica Gardens on April six- ; teent y that it was a huge suc- mildly. The attendance col ub’s members and a num- ber of ninent radio men who thor ed the splendid meal and ente1 forded. The evening was well known “HI’’, as it . see Mr. Hassell had sent in a to one of the very rs, who came out and an- smuch as she did not feel rim very well, she would em. This was then done, proceeded to follow Mr. ( very embarrassing and reart return of the flowers, which ted “HI” from all but him’! altogether a social affair bh ore THE AFFILIATED C a =e “Ewe Wirp» Radio Cub AFFiiateo IU } Y a) , ;| oOo}, = / Ser | with THe f , w Tis F ’ r t ‘R L: \ J” een) A 0 Ben —— AR N reported affiliated in with no interruptions by_ dry technical IST, inadvertently the talks. Mr. T. G. Seese, Social Manager, yur Villa Radio Assn., must be highly complimented on the . T splendid arrangements carried out single- handed by him. The Detroit Radio Assn. is publishing a very peppy little monthly sheet under the title “Detroit Radio News”. Mr. M. D. Lyons is the Acting Editor. Y. M. C. A. RADIO CLUB New York The Y.M.C.A. Radio Club of the East Side Branch at Lexington Ave. and 86th Street, New York City, which has recently become affiliated with the A.R.R L., is now acting as the District Superintendent of New York City and Bronx District. Our aim at present is to increase our membership and we are calling on all am- ateurs in our district to co-operate with us in our endeavor to bring all those interest- ed together in a “Live Wire Radio Club Affiliated with the A.R.R.L.” Our recent meetings have been ex- clusively devoted to the question of elimin- ating QRM, which has been giving our operators considerable trouble in handling A.R.R.L. traffic. The Radio Traffic Assn., Central, and Prospect Radio Clubs, all of Brooklyn, have given us fine support in our effort to mininize interference. Meetings will be held on the second and fourth Tuesdays of each month in Room 408. Amateurs who are interested in getting together for discussions of am- ateur interest are invited to pay us a visit on Thursday evenings or get in touch with our president, Mr. John DiBlasi, at No. 6 Warren St., New York City. RADIO CLUB OF BURLINGTON Burlington, lowa. The Radio Club of Burlington was or- ganized in March of this year, and is a lively and enthusiastic bunch. The officers are: R. V. Swearingen, President; Milo A. Bloomer, Vice President; Harry H. Waugh, Secretary. On July 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th there will be a Regatta held at Burlington under the auspices of the Mississippi Valley Power Boat Assn., and the R.C.B. has been given the duty of timing the speed races, which are to be held on a one-mile course be-

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July, 1920 tween two bridges. The fact that some of the fastest racing boats in the world, such as “Miss Detroit III” and others capable of speeds of almost 70 miles per hour, will be entered, have created a de- sire on the part of the officials to employ the speed and accuracy of radio for the timing. The Club is erecting a % K.W. transmitting and receiving station at each end of the course, and there wil] be three official timers and two operators at each station, the operators being members of the Club. When the boats near tie start- ing line a dash will be transmitted from the station located at this line, the dash ending as the boats cross the line, at which time all six official] timers set their stop watches. When the boats cross the finish- ing line the order of things will be just reversed. In addition to the timing stations the Club will have a 1 K.W. station (9ACZ) in operation with complete modern am- ateur equipment, and will handle free re- lay messages and broadcast an announce- ment of the winners of the various races, etc. These QST’s will be sent daily from June 27th to July 5th a few minutes after the noon and 8 p.m. time signals from 9ZS. From noon until 8 p.m. each day during the Regatta will be set aside for Regatta business, but the station will be open continuously day and night during the balance of the period for general am- QST 39 ateur communication to and from Burling- ton, and connection with all amateurs within range is desired. The Secretary, at 1316 Perkins Ave., will be glad to hear from anyone copying their broadcasts. The Editor regrets that lack of space prevents the publication in this QST of an excellent photograph of the Club. MILWAUKEE AMATEURS’ RADIO CLUB Milwaukee Our club has really been in existence since January, 1917, but its ante-bellum activities were more along the line of a boy’s club. When the war closed our stations, interest dropped and the mem- bership fell. The club was changed into an electrical and social club in an attempt to keep it alive, but on January 9, 1918, the inevitable disbandment for the dura- tion of the war was decided upon. Soon after the close of the Great War, the slumbering interest in our radio club was awakened, and a meeting of all the former members who were still active was held at the Teschan Laboratories. A committee was appointed to alter the con- stitution so as to fit the new circumstances, an appropriation was taken up in order to put the club on its feet again, and officers were elected. A membership campaign was launched, which has never

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40 been member In print Spor der facture! the P until Trust Muse Thur We follo' then duc matt re can the | Be usu mit sea P) Ww ve apparat W wit! our } Lal wat ke ARM«¢ In r for rt the | have with lv war fo spark obt stat dist 2KV son W we partn last but hav e that buzzer pract pract QsT bringing in new we had stationery an extensive corre- lubs and with manu- iratus. We met in e St. James Church, nission to use the Milwaukee Public ow meet every business meeting, some visitor, and on of radio, con- members, each giving to the club. Our fact that certain talking, while the We are doing all we wever, by inducing to give their opinions. of directors, and the very active com- Interference, Re- ments, Papers and nbership, together buting and magazine 1 an exchange for clubs to correspond communications to iarters, The Teschan 329 Wells St., Mil- LLA RADIO ASSN. Lv ille, N. ir conn this month of our club during be of interest. We after having started hese members are most- r although there are ) were operating pre- has not as yet a trans- members all using hich good results are larly the Ford set at my h has been heard at a s with 6 watts input. ve a half kw. next sea- ectings every Friday even- ers are read, (at present Junior Operator de- discussions held, and rtant code practice. We method of teaching code nt, namely, we have a et and also a large The beginner is placed at ind is taught the letters is then sent to the here speed is developed, t at speeds of 5, 10, 15 minute. By this method read 10 words a minute thin a month’s time. The meter and has offered to July, 1920 tune all the transmitters in the vicinity, which reduces QRM. This combined with the fact that the members are instructed not to send after 10 P.M. is the reason why there is no interference from Bronx- ville. Also as an incentive and for good training the club has a trunk line system over which tests are made every week. In this way the members take an interest in relaying and are ready to aid the “big stuff” by keeping silent. We have a pretty good Paragon receiver at the club station with a one inch coil for a transmitter. Our call is 2ATH and we would be pleased to talk via radio with any clubs with our limited range and with any clubs by mail. Walter A. Remy, Desmond Ave., is the Secretary. THIRD DISTRICT ‘CONVENTION Editor, QST— Through the enormous circulation of your magazine we hope to reach the radio amateurs of the Third Radio District. It it desired that they shall organize them- selves into Associations, no matter how small, and that they shall affiliate as soon as possible with the A.R-R L., and so notify the officers of the Third Amateur Radio District. We also desire that amateurs who are in sympathy with the work this convention is doing and will do, shall send us their names and addresses. In this way we will be able to keep tab on the am- ateurs of the District and be able to notify them of the progress of the movement we are inaugurating. This is very important, because we can the better prepare for the next Convention which will be held in Philadelphia, January or February, 1921. Let one or two men from every locality begin this organizing, and get in touch with us. We are responsible to the A.R.R.L. and therefore our activities are co-operative with those of that organ- ization. Gordon M. Christine, M.D., President, Third Amateur Radio District Convention, 2043 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, Penna. ROTTEN DAMPED SPARK STUFF (Concluded from page 22) No Sir, I’m through with the damped spark stuff. I understand that all you have to do to get out of the QRM is to find somebody who will snaffle a power bulb for you, wind some wire around some- thing, hook in a couple of variable con- densers and there you are with two am- peres C.W. in the antenna which will reach out farther than twenty of the damped stuff. That’s my size. May be I will have something to tell about when I get into it. Well, it’s about time for the alphabet practice to start. So long, and 73’s to the gang.

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r July, 1920 QsT 41 QST’S DIRECTORY OF CALLS In continuance of the policy recently announced, QST presents another two pages of calls, which may be cut out and kept with the January supplement if desired. FIRST DISTRICT Nathaniel B. Judkins 1474 Pawtucket Ave., E. Providence, R. I. (Correction) 1EM Wm. L. Slaney 6 Gibson St., Dorchester, Mass. (Correction) LFU Wil'acad FE. Edwards 32 Cummings Ave., Wollaston, Mass. (Correction) LIE Robt. H. VUowan 20 Lamb St., So. Hadley Falls, Mass lI Ww Vernal E. Fuller 1l Wescott St., Dorchester, Mass iKH W. R. Entwistle 41 “C” St.. Lowell, Mass. 1LG D. H. Hanson 743 School St., Lowell, Mass. iLI Thos. F. Carden 135 Third St., Lowell, Mass. 1LO Arthur D. Moulton 103 North St.. W. Somerville, Mass. (Correction) iPM Boston College Newton, Mass 1PR Wm. H. Connington, 5 West Emerson St., Melrose, Mass. IRF Mervin B. Hill 57 Liberty St., East Braintree, Mass. IRK Edith E. Rotch 157 Bay State Road, Boston, Mass 1RO Hollis E. Polk 27 Alder St., Waltham, Mass. IRP James R. Morse 17 Hawes St., Brookline, Mass 1RT Robert S. Miner 68 Quaker Lane, Hartford, Conn LRU Carl G. Ricker Northern Ave., Essex, Mass iRV Geo. E. Sanders 34 Broad St., Nashua, N. H iRW Fearing Pratt 120 Main St.. Hingham, Mass IRX ia:ry S. Hoicomb 292 Clinton Road, Brookline, Mass RY John W. Hubbard 327 King St., Brookfield, Conn. 1RZ SECOND DISTRICT Leroy Clark Chestnut St.. Englewood, N. J 2pDs J. J. Hallahan 180 Market St., Perth Amboy, N. J 2DW D. D. Hancock Newman Spgs., Ave., Red Bank, N. J 2DZ Edwin S. Crane 47 Sinclair Ave., Flushing, N. Y °BA Edw. V. Neuser Ridge St., Pearl River, N Y. 2EB G. V. Lowe 262 W. 77th St., New Yo 2ED Theo. Hurd 7 Tilton Ave., Red Bank, N. J 2 EF Egment Arany 62 W. 124th St., New York 2EG H. C. Quick {71 75th St., Brooklyn 2EI Russel Davis 601 Page Ave., Allenhurst, N. J 2EJ M. F. Roberts 17 Heights Terrace, Ridgewood, N. J 2° EK Cc. F. Jacobs 279 Park Place, Brooklyn 2EM Geo. B. Huss 80 Clifton Ave., Lakewood, N. J 2EN Samuel Levelle 255 So. Manning Bivd., Albany, N. Y 2E0 Chas. P. Baulser No. Main St, Pearl River, N. Y 2EP Cc. P. Bowyer 10 Van Reypen St Jersey City, N. J 2ER Frank M. Ende Arrochar Park, S. L, N. ¥ 2ES Harry Davis 520 Clinton Ave Newar N. J 2EU Edwin Lentz 5 Mert Ave Hillside N. J °EV J. C. H. Steinkamp 89 Hyatt Ave., Yonkers, N. Y 2EW Jas. McAnley 311 W. 54th St.. New Yorl 2EZ THIRD DISTRICT N. W Meitzler 1582 Allen St., Allentown, Pa. 3GJ E. J. Eckert 2303 N. Smedley St Philadelphia, Pa 8GK H. W. Dempster 118 Cleveland Ave., Norwood, Del. Co., Pa. 8GL L. W. Barnhart 1637 N. 6th St., arrisburg, Pa 3GM A J. Williams, Jr. 01 South Ave Del. Co., Pa. 3GN R. L. Hapkins i26 York St., Norfo Va 8GO J. H. Weikel 900 Church St., North Wal Cx Pa. 3GP Cc. F. Kuder 2630 N d St.. Philadelphia, 38GQ Fred’k B. Ancona 1579 Mineral Spe. Rd Reading Pa tGX T. B. Jack 1010 Reistertown Rd., Baltimore 3HH H. and A. McNaughton Cheswold Lane, Haverford, Pa 8HJ Cc. D. Blair Box 859, Richmond, Va 3HO N. C. C. Higgins Oldtown (Grayson Co.,) Va. SHL Service Radio School 900-2 Penna., Ave., Washington, D. C 3HR J. W. Weaver 21 So. Main St., Pleasantville, N. J 3HV FIFTH DISTRICT A. N. Dargan Houston, Tex. 5BA Wm. A. Hooks Kountze, Texas 5BB August J. Tete 1516 Kerleree St.. New Orleans 5BE Cc. R. Taylor Waurika, Okla 5 BF Amos Harper 1303 29th St., Galveston, Tex. 5BH Roy W. Layton Corsicana, Tex. 5BJ John P. White Freeport, Tex 5BK D. M. Hester Box 269, Dallas, Tex. 5BL Orville Smirl 1103 East 8th St., Little Rock, Ar! 5BN R. Newell Turner Kountze, Tex. 5BP H. E. Worthington 4909 Park Drive, Houston, Tex. 5BS T. F. Smith, Jr. $407 Caroline St., Houston, Tex 5BU LeRoy Hill 311 N. Oregon St., El Paso, Tex. 5BW O. N. Thurman 1023 East 8th St., Little Rock, Ark. 5BX A. Quina Spring Hill Ave., Crichton, Ala. 5BY

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QsT SIXTH DISTRICT . { 848 Main St.. Albany, Cal. 6DJ L. E. M 2413 Stanislaus St., Fresno, Cal. 6DK Cc . 828 Channing Way, Berkeley, Cal. 6DL H. W. M 986 63d St., Oakland, Cal. 6DM Wa 2029 Turk St., San Francisco, Cal. 6DN F 1635 Addison St., Berkeley, Cal. 6DO E 26 Washignton St., Santa Cruz, Cal. 6DP Cc 6516 Denver Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. 6D s | 2829 Broadway, Oakland, Cal. 6DR . 601 N. Stoneman Ave., Alameda, Cal 6DS D 1247 47th Ave., San Francisco 6ZE SEVENTH DISTRICT I Tekoa, Wash. 7BI Ge 206 E. 17th St., Vancouver, Wash. TBJ Mo 6446 So. Junette St. Tacoma, Wash. 7BL c Route 1, Bellingham, Wash. 7BM D 1034 38th Ave. So., Seattle, Wash. 7BO rR A 765 Melrose Drive, Portland, Ore. 7BP H 701 State St., Pullman, Wash. 7BQ . 1416 Portsmouth Ave., Portland, Ore. 7BR G 4028 East K. St., Tacoma, Wash. 7BT M Sheridan, Wyo. 7BU EIGHTH DISTRICT G 727 Arch St., Williamsport, Pa. 8DB 1 Ww 1119 S. Fountain Ave., Springfield, Ohio 8DC ‘ 125 S. Porter St., Saginaw W. S., Mich. 8DD R 170 E. Buchtel Ave., Akron, Ohio 8DE a Franklin Hall, Ithaca, N. Y., 8DF ; 1335 Hill St., Ann Arbor, Mich. 8DG W 307 16th St., Conneaut, Ohio 8DH vw Cherry Hill, Reading, Pa. 8DI R 319 Wall St., Cambridge, Ohio 8DJ MI ee 2624 Dennis St., Cincinnati, Ohio 8DK N . 638 Dennis St., Cincinnati, Oho 8DL P 1543 East Boulevard, Cleveland, Ohio 8DM C) 170 Annadale Ave., Akron, Ohio 8DO R 22 Wooster Ave., Dover, Ohio 8DP Er 1227 California Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. 8DQ 28 Locust St., Edgewood-Pittsburg, Pa. 8DR — 805 Main St.. Monongahela, Pa. 8DS . S11 Walnut St., Williamsport, Pa. 8DT H 26 Oakley Ave., Monticello, N. Y. 8DX NINTH DISTRICT y 328 Lutz Avenue, Lafayette, Indiana 9FD E 725 Lake Drive, Milwaukee, Wis. 9FE ; Pp 1001 W. Nevada St., Urbana, Illinois OFF 719 Jefferson St., Goshen, Indiana 9FG Pitt, Minnesota oFH lel $94 24th Avenue, Milwaukee, Wis. 9FI ; 2018 St. Joseph Ave., St. Joseph. Mo o9FJ ( c/o Wartbure College, Clinton, Iowa 9FK | 2016 Olive Street, St. Joseph, Mo. 9FL Hila St. John’s Univ., Collegeville, Minn 9FM ; M 1419 So. 9th St., Sheboygan, Wisconsin 9FN HW 2325 Arapahoe St., Denver, Colo. 9FO r | Bellflower, Illinois 9FP ; La Pfeiler 1810 North Fifth Street, Sheboygan, Wisconsin 9FQ H 205 Leffler St.. West Burlington, Iowa oFR E nger 806 S. Seventh St.. Goshen, Indiana 9FS Ge k 101 N. Pleasant St., Independence, Mo 9FT How 1976 West Pine Bivd., St. Louis, Mo. 9FU H 922 Madison St., Elkhart, Indiana 9FV | Har 1709 Leavenworth St.. Omaha, Neb oFWw Hugo |! 2002 N. 8th Street, Sheboygan, Wisconsn 9Fx Ww 1311% Frederica Place, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 9FY 316 Court Street, Le Mars, Iowa 9FZ CANADIAN 1c] King St., St. Stephen, N. S. 1AA Cc. W ‘ Patterson St.,. Campbellton, N. B. 1AB ; tT, I Main St., Yarmouth, N. S. 1AC HOH Bay St., Glace Bay, N. S. 1AE ap 124% Germain St., St. John, N. B. 1AF a 27 Queen St., Amherst, N. S. 1AG GA 107 Queen St.. Halifax, N. S. 1AH - PL. WwW 63 Victoria Rd, Halifax, N. S. 1AlI : IB. A Canso, N. 8. 1AJ Har 179 Dundas St., Belleville, Ont. 3BK cM 133 Bleecker Ave., Belleville, Ont. 8BO ers ; 56 Catherine St., Belleville, Ont. 3BR Ker +h 95 So. George St.. Belleville, Ont. sBY Wm. Cc 240 Pinnacle St., Belleville, Ont. 3CB Sidney St., Belleville, Ont. 3cc

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July, 1920 al Wife letters on our I. R. E. pin stood for, and she remembered it was something about Radio. ‘“I’ma Radio Expert’, she guessed. If it were only true! Recent Books—“The Radio Buyer’s and Builder’s Handbook”, by R. U. Clark, III. Paper backed, 158 pp., 4%x6”; adver tised by the author in QST. Chock full of advice which will help any amateur in the construction of a set; how to save money in buying; the utilization in a radio set of standard articles on the market for other purposes; the construction of many pieces of apparatus from such parts; par ticularly novel directions for constructing variable condensers, and the making of experimental vacuum tube detectors from standard bulbs such as automobile head light lamps. A valuable little c biggtl ea I was trying to puzzle out what the book Canadian, Montreal, XWA _ transmits damped spark sigs. What else could expect, when his aerial is erected on Dawes Brewery? Marion, WSO, has a 24-hour schedule at present with LCM. Wave length 11,550 meters; 600 amperes antenna current in a multiple-tuned antenna; 200 K. W. Alex- anderson alternator The amount of QRN experienced seems largely dependent on the average height of the aerial. A low aerial, of large cap- acity, and some amplification, is permit- ting work to be done in cases where other amateurs in the same towns are unable to copy at all on their transmitting aeria!s Try it. Mr. Entwistle reports the prize find of the year; a lad in New Hampshire who wes saving his money to buy a 20-inch spark coil when he had A. C in the house The at Norfolk is hot trail of all violators of the law. In addi- tion to two stations under his direction, we understand 3FG is working as an Act- ing Radio Inspector. Ship operators have been troublesome in that territory, QRM- ing amateur work and hamming illegally on a lower wave. Violators of the law inspector on the have smal] chance of getting by there now. A Ta wised up to it, this A.R.R.L. my signals If you haven’t already put down on your card abbreviation: “QSS?—Do fade?” “QSS—yYour signals fade.” Every- body is using it. Wee an’t restrain our amusement at the following “Simple Method to Procure a Vacuum”, gleaned from one of our con- temporarics “Many amateurs who are constructing their own experimental vacuum valves find much trouble in obtaining a good vacuum _ is a simple way to exhaust your valve. Have a small glass tube projecting beyond the end thru which to draw the air. Get a rubber bulb, or ball, large enough to hold all the air contained in the valve d more, and which should fit on the glass tube. Squeeze all the air out of the bulb or ball, and holding it so squeezed, fit it on the glass tube. Now let go, and the air will be drawn out of the valve. Leav- ing the bulb on, seal up the glass tube by holding it over a bunsen burner.” Hi abt tt! But if anybody doesn’t know better, let us say that it won’t work— always providing our understanding of a near-vacuum is correct. In England the Postmaster-General has now approved the erection of amateur sta- tions, subject to the following restrictions: Aerial not to exceed 100 feet in length for single-wire aerial; or 70 feet for two- wire aerial; operator must be of British na- tionality and over 20 years of age; dia- gram of receiver to be submitted for ap- proval. and valves shall not be used without svecial authority; power of transmitters not to exceed 10 watts. The restriction on receiving valves is because of the fear of QRM in congested areas from the radiated C.W. from an oscillating receiving tube. The American congregation will please kneel in prayer. On May 6th, in the Cameo Ball Room of the Morrison Hotel, Chicago, the First Annual Aviators’ Ball was held, under the auspices of the Allied Flyers Aviation Club of Chicago and the Radio Intelligence Ser- vice of the Air and Auto Pilots Association of America. The feature of the evening was dancing between 10:30 and 11:15 p. m. by music transmitted from Indianapolis by

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QsT Ned by mem- Association. itive Officer Yard. is amateu! ters. The trans- (a) News items ups at 15 w.p.m. le word “Radio”; w.p.m. The ob- relations be- ‘urs, and was Lieut-Commander nded the efforts iteur Radio Assn., It is hoped ama- reciation by stand- the hour mentioned DERFUL now every WON | y hooks? summer and cold rk coils? is to furnish them? vave of 9,000,000 the received signal the B battery po- en cents a pound? ree for a quarter? or didn’t reradiate, July, 1920 If Audiotron leads were made of Litz? If somebody invented a ron-breakable rope for hoisting aerials? If we could all afford Dubiliers? If 2GR could have a better Victrola? If 2AJE would fix that rotary so it wouldn’t sound as if it had only one stud? If you could work CW on electric iight bulbs? If kids didn’t get their kite tails caught our aerials? If Woolworth’s power tubes? If 8ZW sent If 3NB were If QST could V & X sold % k. w. slowly? ham with a spark coil? ome out daily? Good Evening Mr. H-H-Ham. (Tune: “Good Morning Mr. Zip-Zip-Zip.”’) Good evening Mr. H-H-Ham With your wave length just as short as mine. Good evening Mr. H-H-Ham You’re surely soundin’ fine. it’s ashes to ashes and dust to dust If the de-da’s don’t get you Surely theory must. Good evening Mr. H-H-Ham your wave length as short as— Your wave length just as short as— Your wave length just as short as mine Written by A. Ham. With apologies to the author. But With CALLS HEARD vast quantity of calls ask your co-operation r calls can not be s on a separate sheet body them in a letter. districts from 1 to 9, thru each district; and he page, not down a theses around calls of d or other unauthorized ORD, May 3 to June 9. I (1BM), (1CK), (1CM), FQ). (1FW), iIw, IRZ), (1SN), (1TS), 1YB, AY IMAI, (1NAQ), 1NAP, 1HE, (1EK), (1VAD), (18Z), IBAY, (1VAK), (2BK), 2CS, 2DA, 2EF, TE). (23N), (2JU), 2ME, 2RD), 2RM, (2RU), 2TF, AJD), (3AK), 3AW, 3BZ, X, (83HJ), (8NB), 8NV, . (8BP), (8CB), (8ER), SLA, (8MI), 8LS, (8NT), (8XU), SABG, 9ZN. (1GB), HEARD BY N. SHEARD ABOARD S.S. “COURTFIELD” May 20th, 130 mi. S.W. of Nantucket: 1AW, May 2ist, 120 mi. NW of Hatteras: 1AE, 1AW, 3FG, 3HG, 3HJ, 83NC, 8NB, 3NV, 8LA, 8MT, 8ZW. May 22d and 23d at Hampton Roads, Va, 1AW, 8EZ, 3FG, 3BZ, 3HJ, 3JK, 3MQ, 3NV, 3ZC. 6EB, LOS ANGELES, additional (GAG), 6AH, (6AK), 6AR, (6AT), 6BU, (6CC), (6CO), (6CP), (6CS), (6DK), 6FN, 6FU, 6GQ, 6GR, 6HH, 6JI, 6JJ, (63Q), 6JR, 6KL, 6MZ, 6NE, 6XZ, (6ZA), TBP, 7CC, 7CR, (7DK), 7YA, TYB, (7ZB). 1TS, BRISTOL, CONN., AT), 1AE, (AES), 1AK, 1AP, 1AR spark and phone, 1AZ, 1BAN, 1BG, 1BM, . (10M), 1CW, 1DL, 1DR, 1DU, 1DY, 1ED, 1El, 1EN, 1EP, (1FQ), (1GAI), (1GJ), 1HAG, 1HAL, (1TW), 11Z, 1JAP, 1JAT, (1JX, 1J3Z, (1KT), 1MAD, 1MJ, 1NAQ, , INO, 1QN, (10P), 1SE, 1SEY, (1SZ), . IWE, (1ZA), 1ZC, 1ZK, 2AEG, 2AM, 2AR, 2BK, 2BM, 2BO, 2BW, 2CE, 2CL, 2DA, 2DH, 2EJ, 2EV, 2FS spark and C.W., 2GR, 2IR. , 2JE. 2JJ, 2JN, 2JU, 2KM. 2LO, 2LT, 2MN, . 2NV, 20C, 20M, 20W, 2PE, 2QF, 2QR, 2QV, , 2RM, 2RL, 2RV, 2S8SU, 2SZ, 2VA. 2WB, 2WD, C.W. and phone, 2XH, 2XX C.W. and phone, . 2ZL spark and C.W., 2ZM, 2ZR, 2ZS, 3BB, . 8BZ. 3CE. 83DH, 8DS. 83EM, 3EN, 3EP, 3EY. 8FN, 3GX, 8HJ, 2NB, (83NV), 3ZA,. 8ABG, to April 18. 1AS,

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July, 1920 8ASB, 8BB, SBP, 8BQ, 8BV, 8CB, 8DA, 8DC, 8DI, 8DO, 8DV, 8DY, 8ED, 8EM, 8EN, 8ER, 8FC, 8FF, 8FO, 8FP, 8FW, 8GI, 8GU. SHG, 8HH, 8HP, 8IK, 8IS, 8IV. 8LA,. 8LF, 8LI. SMB. 8MN. 8MT, 8WY, 8MZ, 8NI, 80J, 8PG, 8QM, 8RS, 8RW, 88H. 8UB 8UG, 8UM, 8VM, 8VU, 8WS, 8WY, &8XA, &8XI, 8XK spark and mod. C.W., 8XU, 8ZI, 8ZK, 8ZW, 8ZX, 8ZY, 9AJ, 9AU, 9GX, 9SHW, O9KF, 9LQ, 9MH, 9MS, 9ZJ, 9ZL, 9ZN. 3CK, MADISON, N. J. 1AW, 1AAH, 2AB, 2AAF, 2AEC 2AJ, 2AJG, 2AIM, 2AOI, 2BN, 2DR, 2DX. 2HG, 2JU, 2JN, 230, 210, 2LP, 2ME, 2MG, 2NB, 20U, 2PL, 2RE 2RB, 2RU, 2RK, 2TS, 2UE, 3CV, 3DY ON 3-FOOT LOOP, INDIANAPOLIS, BY W. DODDS AND M. B. LOWE, Y.M.C.A. QSA ON ONE STEP. 1AE, 1AW, 3NB, 5XA, 8CB, 8CO, 8DA, SER, 8EJ 8IK, 8NC, 8SWY, 8ZL, 9AU, 9BR, 9CJ, 9FG. 9KD 9LF, 9NQ, 9VT, 9WC, 9ZM, 9ZN, 9ZQ, 9ZT 3EN, NORFOLK, May. 1AW, (1HAA), (2GRO), 2JE. 2JU, (3BZ), 3FD, 3HG., (8HJ), 3KM, 3NB, (3PB). (3ZA) (32S), 3ZW, 4AT, (4CC), (8DA), (8DI), 8EN, (8FD), SIK, (8LA), (8NI), 8ZW, 9LF, 9LI, 9LQ, 9ZN 6GQ, PHOENIX, ARIZ (5BO), (5BT). 5CX,. 5ZU. 6AH, 6CC, 6CO, 6CT 6CM, 6CV, 6DK, 6DP, 6GEI. 6GM, 6HG, 6IQ, 6JV 6JG, 6KH, 6ZC, 6ZA. TCC, TYA. (TYB), TYS 9CN, 9ER, 9FZ, 9FD, 9HI, 9LO, 9ND, 9PS, (9RP), 9ZU, 9ZL 7CU, VANCOUVER, WASH. (6AC), (6AE), (6AH), 6AI. 6AJ, (6AK), 6AL, 6AM. 6AN, 6AS, (6AT), 6BE, 6BK, 6BN, (6BQ) 6BR, 6BU, 6CC, 6CD, (6CI), (6CO), 6CP, 6CS, 6CQ. 6CV. 6DI. 6DK. (6DY), 6EA, GEB, 6ED, (6EJ), GER. 6FC, (6FE), 6FJ, 6FN, (6FS), 6FU, 6FY, 6GI, 6GN, 6GR. (6HO), (6HT), 63D, *JI, 6JJ, 6JK 63M. 6JN, 6JQ, 6JR, 6KL, 6KM,. (6KZ), 6LC, 6NE, 6NY, #9C. (60H), 6PG, 6PM. 6PQ, 6QR. 6QU. 6RQ, 6SV GUW. 6XZ. 6ZA, 6ZE, 6ZU, (7AD), (7AN), (7BK), 7CB, (7CE), 7CC, (7CW) (TYB), (7TYS). exchanged greetings with 6RQ 6JQ, and 6BR 3FB, ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. 1AW, 1AZ, 1PW, 1RN, 1TS. (2BM), (2DA), 2DH, 2DT. 2GX. 2IR, (2IT), 2NE, (20A), 2RL, 2RZ, (2TS), 2XJ (phont), (2ZL). 3AJ, 3BE. 3BM, 8CC, tCN (3DH). 3DS. 3EB. 3EN. (3GO), 3GR, 38GW, ( ) HJ SJE 38KM, (3NB), 3NC, (3NV), OR, 3RL, 3ZA, 8BB, 8DA, 8EN, 8ER, 8HP, 8IK, ‘GX J, 9ZL, 9ZN 83Q, WASHINGTON. PENNA. 1AE, (1AK), 1AN 1AS. (1AW), (1AZ), (1CM), 2AV (IDL), IDR, (1KT). (1RN), 1UQ, (2ARJ), : (2BM), (2CB) (2CS). ( (2GR), 211. (201R). (27E). ¢ > 9 iBC, 4BQ. (4BZ). 5EJ. (5AC), (5AL), 5BC, 5BT (5DA), 5DO, 5ED, 5EX, (5XA). 5YA,. 5ZC, 5ZG, (5ZL). (5ZS), 9ABD, 9AES, 9AIK, 9ANO, SATR. (9AOR). (9AJ), SAK, 9AP, (9AU), (9BR), (9BT), 9BY 9BZ, (9CA), 9CN, (96S), 9CV. (9CW), SDH, SEE, (9EQ), 9ER OFA. 9FG, 9FW, 9FR, 9FU, 9GK, (9GS). (9GX), (9HA), (9HD). 9HG 9HI, (9HJ), (9HN), 9HR, (9HT), 9HU, (9HW), (9IT). (9IT). (9IX). 9JT. (9KF). (9KO), 9KV) (9LC), (9LQ). 9MK. (9NQ), 9QH. O9RP,. (9SS), 9XK, 9XR, (9ZJ), (9ZL), (9ZN), 9ZW 1BM, BRIDGEPORT, CONN. 1TAK, 1HAA, (1CK), 1JA, 1CJ, 1IBAN, 1AK 1BAY, (1AW), 1QN), 1DQ. 1CE. 1FAC, (1CM) ISE, 1AL, 20E, 2XS. 2JU, 2LZ, 2ZL, (2FS) 2RL, 2QR, 2JE, 2CS, 2XJ, 2GR. 2XX, 2QV, 3FB 8ZX, 8NV, 8GO, 3GX, 3RO, 3NC, 3HJ, 3EN, 8XU 8CB, 8NI, 8EN, 8MT, 8NX, 8XK, 8DA, 8ER. Q DA), (2FG), 2GO, JU), 2JZ, 2PH, 2PL, 2SH, (28SZ). 2WB (2XG), 2YH, 2ZC, (2ZL), (27M) (2ZS), 2ZV. 8AB. 3AK, (3AN). (3BZ), 8CA, (3CC), 3CH. 3CV, 3DH. (3EN), 8EZ. 3FG. (3GO), 3KM, (3NB), 3XC, (3ZS). (4AE). (4AG), (4AI), 4AK (4AL) 4AN, (4A0). 4AT 4BB, T 45 HEARD IN DAYLIGHT AT BROOKE, VA., BY A. L. GROVES 2AE, 2FFG, 2HG, 3AN, 3BE 3BH SCH, 8CJ, 83CR, 3CW, 3FG, 38GG, 3GO. 3HG. 3I1B, 3KM, 3LL, 3LW, 8PV, 3RG, 3RP, 3TN, 3XH, 3ZW. 8JU, CANTON, OHIO 1AW, 1FG, 1IP, 1IR, 2AW, 2BA, 2BB, 2BM, 2BN, 2DA, 2FE, 2IR, 2JE. 2JK. 2PL, 2SH, 2XJ, 22M, 2ZS, 8AN, 3AR, 3BZ, 3CU, 3DH, 3EN, 3HJ, 3IR. 3KM. 3NV, 4AE, 5AC rEX 57." RAAT, 8ABG, 8ACF, 8ACY, 8AQ, 8AH, 8AY, 8BQ, 8BV, 8CB. 8CC, 8CI, 8CH, 8DR, 8DP, ,8DA), (8DE), (8DW), 8DV, (8EN), 8EC, 8ER, 8ES, 8FI, 8FN, (8FD), 8GL, 8GQ, (8GW), (8HA), 8HP, (SGE), 8HG, (SIF), (8IK), (8IQ), 8LI, SIP, (87F), 8LA. SMT, (8NI), 80D), 8SH, (8VM), 8WY, 8XA, SXK, 8XU, 8VI, 9AI, 9AJ, 9AU, 9CA. 9CC, 9CW, 9EG, 9FD, 9GS, 9HA, 9HD, 9HS, 9HW, SIT, 9KF, 9KR, 9LL, 9LYL, 9PF, 9RD, 9VY, SYA, 9ZN, 9ZJ 5ZP, NEW ORLEANS 1AW, 2BM, 2BZ. 2DA, 2IN, 2IR, 2ZM, 2ZS, 3AN, (3BZ), 83CH, (3EN), 3GO, 3HJ, 3JK, (4AE), 4AG, 4AN, 4AO, 4AT, 4BC, 4BQ, 4BZ, (4YA), 5AB, 5AC, (5AG), (5AL), 5AN, *AO, 5AP, 5AQ, 5AS, (T“ATT) "RD. SRG. FRI. 5RK S5RT. 5BM. (S5SBO). 6BT, 5BX, 65BY, (5BZ), 65CD, 5DA, 5DO, 5DW, 5EC. 5ED, 5EJ. SEO, 5FR. (557A), (570), (876), (5ZL), 5ZN, (5ZV), 5ZW, SYA, (5YE), (5XA), 617 RAA RAH SALE SAMN. SASF, &RT, &8CB, 8CC, 8CD, (8DA), 8DC, 8DI, 8DO, 8EC, 8EF, (SEN) 8EQ. 8ER, 8ES, SEV, SEX, 8EZ, 8FH, SFI, SFP, 8FU, (8GB), 8GN, 8GO. 8GX 8&8HG, SHH, (SIB). SIF, S8IK, 8ITX, 8JF, 8JG, 8JJ, 8JQ, 8JZ, 8LA, 8MB, 8NL, 8NF, 8NH,. 8NO. 8NQ, 8NZ, SO], 8RQ. SRS. 8ZY,. 9AD, 9AH (9AJ), QAP, 9AT, 9AU, 9AW, 9AX, Q9AAY, 9ABD. SABT, 9AIT, 9BJ, (9BR). (9BT), 9BY, 9CH, 9CA, 9CN, 9CS, 9CW, 9DC, 9DK, 9EG, 9EL, 9EM. 9EQ. 9FR, 9ET, 9EY, 9EX, 9FB, 9FE, 9FI, 9FN, 9FR, 9FT, (9FU), 9GA, 9GB. 9GC, 9GK, 9GO, 9GS, 9GV, 9GX, 9HD, 9HI, (9HN). 9HS, S9HT. 9HW_ 9QIT, 9IX,. 9JA, 9JB, 9JT, 9JU, 9TW. O9KF. (9KM), (9KO), (9LF). 9KV, 9LC, 9LG, 9LH, 9LO, 9LQ, 9T.R, 9MK. ONE. 9NQ, O9PF, 9PO, 9PQ, 9QM, 9RP, ORY, (9SS), 9TQ. 9DV, NEENAH, WISC. 2BM, 2JA, 2NC, 2XG, 2XH, 2ZC, 2ZS (heard at 330PM), 3BZ. 3DH, 8NB, 3NC, 4JE. 5AG, 5BB, 5BG, 5BT, 5BZ. 5DA, 5ED, 5YA, 5YE 5ZL. SAB, SBV. SCB. &8DG. SDI. &8DJ, &8DO, &NZ, &SFD, 8GI, (SHA), SHF, 8HG, S8HM, 8IK, 8KP. 8A. &1Y, SNG, 8NR, 8PP, 8SH, 8XU, 8YO, 8ZA, 9CL, 9EC, 9EQ, SET, 9FG. 9FL, (9FZ), 9GC, 9GM, 9GO, 9HRB (9HA), 9HIJ, 9JA. OIL, O9IT, 9IW, 9KI, (9KV), 9KY, (9LC), 9LH, 9LN, 9LU, 9MA,. 9MC, O9MF, ONY, 9OB, SPI. 9PZ. 9QM, 9RP, 9SJ. 9UG, 9UQ, 9WI, 9XM, 9ZH, 9ZJ, 9ZQ, 9ZT, 9ZU, 9ZV. 9MH, MILTON, WISC. 1AW, 2JE. 2QF, 2XB, (3DH), (3EN), 3HJ, 3KM, 8NC, 4AE. 4BZ, 5AL, 5BO, 5BT. 5EA. 5ED, (5EJ), 5EN, 5PR, 5QZ, 5YA, (5YE). 5ZA,. 5ZC, 5ZL, 5ZP, (5ZV), 5ZX. SBP, 8CB 8CG. (8DA\). SDC, (8DI), SEN, (8ER), 8FI, 8FU, 8GB, 8HG, SHN, SIA, 8IF, (8IK), 8JJ, 8MT. 8NI, (8NZ), 8QJ, 8QQ. (8SRQ), SUP. 8ZV. 8SZW. 9AAS. (9ACV), 9AK, 9AT, 9AX, 9AZ, 9CA, 9CE, (9CS), ODA, 9EE, 9EN. 9ET. 9FC. 9FP. 9FU. (9GC). 9GM, 9GO, (9GS), 9HI. 9HJ,. S9HN, 9HP. 9HT, 9IX, 91Z, 9JA, 9JJ, 9IN, 9JQ, OKF, (9KM). (9KO), (9KV), 9LF, (9LC), 9LQ. 9LS. 9LU. 9ML, 9MS, (9NQ), 9NZ, 90G, (90K). 9ON. (90V), (9PC), 9PN, 9PR, 9PS. 9QJ, 9QQ. (9QZ), ORP, IRV, 9RY, (9SU), 9UG, 9UJ, 9UQ. 9UY. (9VA), OVP. 9WC. 9WU. O9WY. 9XA, 9XM, SYA. (9ZC), 9ZJ, (9ZL), (9ZQ), (9ZT), (9ZY), (9ZX). SFI, MILWAUKEE 1AW, 8CB, 8DC, (SEN). (8ER). 8'K, 9JA, 8MY, SNI, 8NZ, 8QJ, SWY, 8XA, 9AAN, 9CE, 9HQ, 9KV 9ZL, MANITOWOC, WISC. (1AE), (LAW), 2AN, (2BM), (2CB), 2DA, 2D0,

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46 (8FH), (8HG), (8LA) gVO.-“ 9AES (9AX (9CN 9DR, 9FM (9GS) (9HT) OJA, 9KO, 9LV, 9PS, 9UM 9ZJ, 1AW 8CK 8CB (5ZA 6AN (6BZ (6CS (6EX 6HH (6NE (7ZB (5AlI SDA (5Z.C) 9HI (6AY (6DH (6EI (6FU (611 (6MZ (7BP 7EC 1AW 4Al iCcP 5A0 5BE 5BT 5ZO SADX sCB SER 8GP 8IZ 8QJ SAAN 9A 9BB sCcWw oTryT oF Y OFS 9GXx osHW 910 9LB oVvS ePC ORK oVP SYA 9ZV (LAW SNB aL 2tit SXA 1A oF 7. SGB), 8GX, SHA, G, (8JJ), 8JQ, SKP, SPR, SRH, 8WY, 8ZB, 9AD, 9AAV, AT (9AU), (9AW), I (9CA), 9CE, W DC, SDF, IDP, ‘ET, (9FB), 9FG, GC) 9GH, 9GK, HD 9HI, (9HN), 9IN (9IT), (OIX), IT) (9KI), 9KM, LH), (9LQ), 9LW, ) ION, (9PI), (9PN), W RY, 9SS, (9UG), WG. 9WV, 9YA, (9ZC), 9ZV). (9ZX). TIMORE, MD. i CCB, 2QF, 2JE, 2SZ, LW SXF, SDA, SER, U, 9CL, 9IK, 9ZN. ANGELES, CALIF. AK ex-6AL, (6AM), 6BN), (6BQ), (6BR), 6CO), 6CP, (6CQ), 6DK (6DY), (6EJ), (6FU), 6GL, (6GQ), IR, 6JU, (6KL), 6MZ, TCR, (7DK), TYB, NNIS, TEX. AY, 5BD, (5BO), (5BT), } (SEV). 5YA. 5ZA, ZU, 5ZV. SER, 9AM, ,. 98S, 9TQ, 9ZT RD UNIV., CAL. 6cs) (6D A), (6DF), QST July, 1920 (6EB). 6EC, (6ED), (6ER). 6FD. (6FE), (6GQ), 6HH, (6HZ), 63IG) (6JM), (6KP), 6VS), (6ZA), (7AD) I (TOW) (TDK), 1ZB), 6XZ, 6IU. LE ROCK, ARK. EN 4{AA, 4AE, 4AG, BK. 4BM, 4BQ, 4BZ, 4CH, AD, 5AG, 5AJ, 5AL, AX, 5AY, 5BB, 5BC, BO, 5BP, 5BR, 5BS, EJ, 5EO, 5EV. 5EW, \ 5ZC, 5ZG, 5ZK, 5ZN, LW. SAA, SAE, 8AH, SAMN. SASF. 8ASG, SDI, 8DO,. 8DW, SEC, SFP. SFR, 8SFS, 8GB, RIK, 8IX, 8JJ, 8JQ, RMT, SNF, 8NO, 8NZ, SXA, 8XK, 8XU, 8ZY, D, 9AES, S9AHW. 9ATH, »AP, GASP. 9ASQ, 9AU, BW. 9CA, 9CE, 9CN, 9CS, SDK. 9DO, SDR, SDU SEI SER, 9ET, 9EX, OFH, 9FL, 9FO, 9OFR, 9GK, 9GO, 9GS, 9GV,. 9HN,. 9HS, 9HT, 9HU, TA WE, 9JJ, 9JL, OJIN, I. 9KM, 9KO, 9KV, 9KY, 0. 9LP, 9LQ, 9LR, 9MK, ONX. 9OE, 9OV, 90Y, Q. OPS, O9PY. 9PZ, 9QM, Y. 9UA, 9UG, 9VC, 9VF, VI, 9WU, OWW, 9WZ, 9OXR, LJ, 9ZL, 9ZN, 9ZQ, 9ZU, PORTSMOUTH, VA. XH), (2XM), 3IB, 3JC, M. 8DK, (SEN), 8FR, 8LH, : SXK, 8ZQ, 8ZW, 9AD, 2FG, 2GR, 2XG, 2XH, (2ZC), 2ZM, (2ZS), 2ZV, 3AN, 3BZ, 3EN, 8EV, (3NB), 3HJ, 4AE, (4BZ), ‘YB. 5AB, (5AL), (5BT), 5EJ, 5KK, 5YA, 5YE, (5ZC). (5ZG). (5ZL), 6GQ, 8AI, (SAA), 8AJ, (SAL), 8AW, (SAKY), SAUX, 8BV, (8CB), (8DA), (8DI1) (SDV), 8EJ, SEK, (8EN), (8ER), 8EV, 6PQ, SANTA ANA, CALIF. 6AE, 6AJ, 6AK, 6AM, 6AT, 6BO, 6BQ, 6BR, 6CA, 6CC, 6CO, 6CQ, 6CP, 6CS, 6CV, 6CW, 6EW, 6EJ, 6FE, 6FI, 6FJ, 6FU, 6GQ, 6HH, 6HO, 6HQ, 6IY, 6JK, 6KL, 6KM 5ZO, HOUSTON, TEX. 9AD, 9AI, (9AJ), 9AK, 9AP, (9AU), 9AES, 9AHW, 9ABD, SAHI, (9BR), (9BT), (9CA), (9CS), 9CE, 9CR, (9CN), 9CP, 9CW, ODF, (9DC), 9DH, 9DU, 9DR, 9DL, 9DV, SEE, 9ER, (SEL), 9ET,. 9FC, 9FZ, (9FB), 9FU, 9GC, 9GV, 9GO, 9HA, 9HI, 9HJ, (9HN), (9HS), (9HT), 9HU, OIF, (9IT), 911, 9IX, 9JA, (9JE), (9JW), SJB, KF, 9KU, (9KV), 9KM, 9KO, (9LC), (9LQ), 9MJ, 9MK, (9NE), 9NO, 9NQ, 90Q, (9PF), 9PO, OPS, 9PQ, (9PY), 9QJ, 9RD, (9RY), O9RP, 9UG, (9VP), (9WH), 9WW, 9WU, (9YA), 9ZC, 9ZJ, (9ZN), 9ZT, (9ZU), (9ZV), (SAA), 8AH, 8AHI, SAMN,. (SER), 8EZ, 8DA, 8FI, 8GB, 8IF, (SIK), SIN, 8JJ, 8JQ, 8NF, 8HD. 6AW, 6CS, 6JR, 6GQ, AA. (5AB), (5AD), (5AF), 5AK, (5AL), (5AS), (5AU), (5AV), (5BB), 5BC, (5BG), (5BK), (5BL), 5BM, 5BO, (5BT), (5DO), (ex-5EW), 5EJ. (SED), 5EO, (5YA), (5YE), (5ZA), (5ZC), (5ZG), (5ZL), (5ZN), (5ZP), (5ZT), (5ZU), 4AE, 4BZ, 3JU, 2JU, 2ZV, 1AS8. 3EN, NORFOLK, VA. 1AW (2BK), 2BM, (2JE), 2JU, 2XH, 3BK, (3BZ), 8EV, (8HJ), 8IR, (3KM), 3NB, 3XF, (83ZA), 83ZW. (NSF), 4AE, (4AL), 4AT, (5BZ), iCA, 4CC, (4YB), 5DA, 5TW, (5YE), SAI, 8BV, SBQ, 8CU, 8DA, (8DI), (8EN), 8ER, 8IK, 8LA, (SMT), SMY, (8NI), 8NM, 8QJ, (8RQ), 8WY, SXA, (8ZW), 9GX, 9KO, (9MH), 9XA, 9ZL, 9ZN. WAVERLY, (N. Y.), Radio Research Assn. 1AK, 1DQ@, 1AW, 1CK, 1EK, 1YB, 1KAY, 1HAA, iTS, 1FW, 2XA (tel.), 2ZM, 2ST, 2JE, 2TF, 2XX (mod-tel.) (voice), 2BM, 2PL, 2JU, 2TS, 2BB, 2DR, 20A, 2AN. 3MU, 3BZ, 8GX, 3HJ (QSA very), 3HO, 3EN, 3CC, 3IB, 3NV, 3FK, 3BH, 83EW, 3FG, 3KM, 8WY, SAB, 8ZM, (8NI), (8ABG), 8FA, 8DI, 8QR, SDV, 8MN,. 8DA, 8MT, SEN, 8ER, SIP, SSH, (8HJ), (8DY), 8ZK, 8ZO, 8JU, 8RD, 8XU, 2XA, 8ZW. 8RZ (2” spark coil), SED, 8SASB, 9HY, HOBART, IND. 1AW, 2BM, 2CB, 2CH, 2CS, 2JU, 2L0, 2ZU, 2ZW, 8AN, 3GO, 3NB, 83ZW, 4AK, 4XK, 5AA, 5AB, AG, 5AL, 5DA, 5DO, 5CX, 5ZG, 8AA, 8BV, 8CB, SDA, SDW, SEF. 8ER, SEX, (8FH), 8FP, (8IB), SIX, (9BT). (9FC), 9HI, 9HT, 9HW, 9KO, 9NO, (9NG), 90Y 9AU, CHICAGO (Concluded from page 37) For transmitting 9AU has a 1 k.w. United Wireless transformer, a specially designed gap with electrodes having a one inch face and % inch wide directly con- nected to a 1750 r.p.m. induction motor; condenser of % inch plate glass 15x12 inches with tin foils 7x11 inches, im- mersed in ten gallons of oil; and an oscil- lation transformer of heavy brass ribbon and of the usual pancake type. The popular Chicago hookup wherein a small anchor gap is employed with a single lead from the aerial side of the gap to the change-over switch, is used here, and the transmitter is accordingly placed in a convenient corner in the cellar.

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July, 1920 THE OPERATOR Conducted by Guy R. Entwistle The Junior Operators will find here (and in the earlier articles mentioned) the very information wanted to construct a spark coil transmitter which will fulfill the requirements of the law, as well as giving a greater range that the improperly-rigged sets provide.——Editor. N previous articles receiving apparatus TABLE I Capacity has been described. This month we Size Secondary Primary across deal with transmitters. A variety Coil Voltage Volts Secondary which is very popular with the be- ; = @000 “6 .001 m#d. ginner is the spark coil. Hence it will 11000 6 002 mfd. be taken up in detail. Unless you .can y” 15000 6 003 mfd. send and receive at a speed of at least ten , ” 20000 6-8 (004 mfd. words per minute do not use any type of 1%’ 29000 . 006 mfd. transmitter. It is not only illegal but 2 22N00 10-12 008 mfd. bothersome to other operators. Send to a es Its ae ; yourself. Also both a station license and _ Secondary voltages to be expected from ) . these coils are also given. This is the an operator’s license are necessary. It not sufficient as in the past to merely fil an application for such; the licenses must be in your hands before your key is. There are several reasons for the popu- larity of the “‘squeak box’. It is cheap, low powered, and causes only local inter- ference, and is adaptable to small antennas used for short waves. Contrary to general opinion there is less QRM caused by the spark coil operator than the transformer set that is still untuned, or in the hands of the willful interferer. We find it is not the apparatus but the individual who causes most of the QRM. In the first installment of “The Junior Operator”, November 1919 issue, the reader will find much of interest concern ing the spark coil. Diagrams and hook ups are also given. An excellent article by S. By Young has appeared in the columns of QST recently on this same subject. Review it. From here we will proceed. One of the outstanding differences be- tween this type of set and the transformer variety is in the amount of capacity used across its secondary. With spark coils we use less capacity than with trans- formers and also use a smaller and smaller amount as the size of our coil decreases. Below is a table giving the approximate value of capacity for the various size coils. OPEN CIRCUIT voltage without any con- denser attached. The load voltage will ; : be smaller. It is seen that as our coil gets larger we use more capacity across its secondary terminals. Our. next problem after selecting the proper capacity is to be abl® to build a condenser that will yield this capacity when assembled. Another table, II, has been added to assist the beginner in this work. All calculations have been made for him. He has only to use the tables. TABLE II Plate Foil Foil Thickness Capacity Dimer Dimens., Area, of glass per sheet inches inches sq.in. inch of glass 6x8 1x6 24 c .0005 8x10 6x8 48 : .0010 10x14 8x12 96 3 .0020 14x14 12x12 144 C .0030 20x20 18x18 324 Ys .0067 It will be seen from the table and also Fig 12 that one inch border has been left around the edges of all glass sheets. The student should note that twice the area gives twice the capacity. Also a standard thickness of glass has been chosen. Should glass twice as thick be used, then as many plates of the same area, or 1e same number of plates of twice the area must be used to give the same capa- city as indicated in the table. Give this careful thought and you have a working knowledge of condensers.

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STE oe en 48 Supp Table Table phot sheet Hence ' in par 004. the ber ent > | QsT July, 1920 e a one inch coil. city of .004 needed. one sheet of 8x10 n both sides with a | give .001 capacity. four of these sheets the desired capacity, Ill, is added for who may have differ- hand. LE Ill rea of foil for any 96 144 324 sq. in. sq. in. sq. in. to be used in parallel. l 1 ; 2 1 3 2 1 4 3 5 3 2 lesired total capacity shown. If for in- f our one inch coil we and had no 8x10 6x8 plates whose cor- is 24 sq. in. per plate, the column reading ble III and opposite 8, which means that s will do just as well er 8x10 plates. » been prepared on the dielectric constant for 1 any reader use mater- ther value, such as oil, 5, then the resulting ther factors constant ; of the capacity value The easiest way to item until the finish five-sixths of the total lem is to assemble the nensions of which have the tables. — EB” mananigyl 4 k / i j Y f } Vf tt 4, Uff Vas % VA} fy Ui * { /, fj J 4S 444 4 Wf fo S/S JA Li} Ld GLASS PLATE FIG. 42 Returning to the 8x10 plate, we will prepare it as shown in Fig. 12. Four plates are required. Lay one on the table with the tab toward you, the next one .on top of that so the tab is away from you, or in other words have the tabs face alter- nate sides. BE SURE THE TAB IS ALWAYS ON THE TOP SIDE OF THE GLASS EACH TIME IN BUILDING UP THE CONDENSER. Otherwise you will _- Wooo CLAMP = a i ASSEM8LY, 004 CONDENSER OMY THEF SHADLO PLATES ARE ACTIVE (WV GIVING THE CONDENSER CAAMCTY IWE OTHER TwO ARE FOR MECHANICAL PROTECTION FIG. 43 short circuit the condenser. Before bind- ing the assembled unit it is well to test for a short by trying to ring thru it with battery and buzzer placed across the leads, A and B. An extra plate is always added to cover any exposed foil to protect it from injury. This does not affect the _ total capacity and does not enter into the cal- culations. See Fig. 13 for the finished condenser. After the capacity has been provided for, we next turn our attention to the In- ductance. The theory of Inductance is out of place in an article of this nature. We can choose from two general types of inductance coil, the HELIX and the PAN- CAKE SPIRAL. The o standing differ- ence between the two is in the inductance value per turn. With a helix, every time you add a turn you add a uniform value of inductance. With the spiral this is not true, as the DIAMETER of the turns them- selves varies and it depends upon whether you begin from the inside turn and work out or from the outside turn and work in, as to how the inductance varies. CONTRARY TO GENERAL OPINION IT CAN BE SHOWN MATHEMATICAL- LY THAT THE INDUCTANCE OF A HELIX DOES NOT VARY AS THE SQUARE OF THE TURNS BUT MORE NEARLY DIRECTLY; that is, doubling the turns does not increase the inductance four times, but a little over two times. Below is a table, IV, showing the proper amount of INDUCTANCE to be used with each value of capacity you may have selected for your condenser for wave lengths of 200 meters, also for 150 meters. The 150 meter data is given with the suggestion that the spark coil operators (Concluded on page 56)

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July, 1920

GRacio Communications g by the cAmateurs—__ QsT

® Tre <a OF QST ASSUME NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE STATEMENTS MADE HEREIN BY CORRESPONDENTS »® , .

FADING WAVE- LENGTHS? 40 Stearns St., Bristol, Conn. Editor, QST: I have noticed something lately which I have not seen mentioned in QST or else- where on fading, and which I think might be of some interest. I have noticed that when a station which has a fairly broad wave, such as most of them have, fades out, by tuning to another part of his wave his signals come back in strong. As you know, I am at present using deForest honeycomb coils with shunt secondary tuning condenser. Here is an example. 1YB comes in at maximum audibility at about 23 degrees on secondary condenser but is audible (normally) over a range of about 20 degrees, or from 13 to 33 degrees on the scale. I tune him in at about 28 degrees and copy until he fades out and then quickly change to about 18 degrees and there he is again nice and loud again When he fades there, I shift back to 28 and he is readable there. By shifting quickly back and forth in this manner it is possible to keep a station constantly readable. While I would not say that this positively works in every single instance, nevertheless it will work in a large major- ity of cases and is at least worth a trial In this manner I have been able to copy several stations when fading was bad, where otherwise copying would have been hopeless. I am wondering noticed this. Yours truly, Donald H. Mix, 1TS MORE SWINGING TUNES 2 N. Michigan Ave., " Battle Creek, Mich, June 29, 1920. if anyone else has Dear Editor: Having read several articles in QST on fading, I feel at liberty to tell of some of my experiences. I have noticed the stations that do the most persistent swinging are stations that are broad-tuned or have two waves quite near each other For example, 8ER used to fade here under all conditions. She hdd two waves, at least tuned that way at 8NZ, and I could copy her pretty well by swinging gradually from one wave back to the other. After

8ER was retuned the trouble entirely dis- appeared and she comes in QSA even in daylight and very steady. 9ZN is_ the worst station to fade, but that I consider due to a pocket condition of some sort. I notice, however, that a station that is sharply tuned on one wave seldom swings badly and those tuned broadly are con- tinually on the go and come..... I think it is easy to figure that on a broad tune a set will radiate on one wave stronger than another and will switch over from one to the other, which I have found to be true on my own set when using a wave- meter test. Yours truly, Elra E. House, 8NZ. (Editor’s Note: This letter, and the one from Mr. Mix, are interesting in suggest- ing that the cause of fading signals is not additive or neutralizing effects due to phase displacements pauned by re- flections, as is rather commonly believed to be the case, but can be caused by an actual switching of the radiated energy from one frequency to another. It will take a little more careful investigation to establish this, however, as it will be seen that if a station is not correctly tuned in in the first place, he will be received OK if the signals are loud enough. and upon commencing to fade he could be restored to strength by the securing of resonance It is also to be noted thit LC.W. siznals, such as those of NSF, which are extremely sharp, are not at all free from fading. The question of swinging signa's certain- ly offers more encouragement to the in- vestigator than anything else we know! The Editor wants to hear from anyone else who has noticed evidence of swing- ing TUNES. Question: could the air dielectric of a variable become tempor- arily ionized or otherwise changed in characteristic so as to effect its dielectric constant?)

“BROAD” C.W. Bridgeburg Ont., June 9, Canada, 1920 Editor, QST: Almost every evening now we har tne hams testing out or trying to operate their C.W. sets. In QST and in other rad‘o publications there is broadcasted - the anxious questioning “Can we make C.W.

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‘tune Most cuits. on heard right are mn sating seen that it to VAL, variat before call action wave How sets secret can a conde his ( using most with the 5 back all an their and, I satisf missi \ too only poin t at late For in wa 2) wee Edi +n, oO work? in’ t of Before must « ready ha tremely the There solution use on rt pardon Wher certain +} ana ana the B caused sulting serting ’ a conde! Do n large t : celving tempora VU H ‘ I} ™" other fellow going to st too ‘sharp’ wave?” ive sets capable of ex- ng of the receptor cir- s we have to be right ’s wave or nothing is ridiculously simple ble and it has been in tions for several years, noses, so to speak. “spring the dope”, I some amateurs may al- i such a scheme but thev vithin my range and will to presume. h stations adopted a absorb the compen- their C.W. sets, it was eans must be taken to en the emitted wave, so operator might catch Those who have listened stations or to Canadian ber the peculiar tone cur in the note just begins to send out a iriation is a purely local eptor circuits and is hange in frequency re- gradual change in the transmitting station. plished in the case of rge power is of course a ralty: but any amateur he same result by in- variometer or vernier of the valve circuits of ry the all litter. Then, instead of “spark procedure” as (attempt to) do, start off second) dash and after swing the variometer or igh its entire range and ts operating position. If ild adopt this scheme on they would be giving re- 1 chance to pick them up uld find a great deal of the use of C.W. for trans- aution may not be amiss. he variometer or condenser will detune the set, not »pidly but will pass through a valve will either operate juencies, or else not oscil- ter work a very small change will do the trick. Sincerely, Chas. A. Lowry. FREAK RECEPTION Brooke, Va. e past few issues of QST QsT July, 1920 have contained considerable dope on the freakishness of short wave reception, I wish to offer the following personal ex- perience along this line in the hope that we may at least determine if my obser- vations hold good with others, and if so it should be of benefit to the relayers who carry out the idea. From what I read, it seems almost universal that at each station there are certain “groups” of stations that come in more regularly and persistently than the others. To a great extent this holds true regardless of distance (within reasonable limits, of course) and, unless by chance, regardless of the direction of the aerial. That is, the aerial itself shows no appre- ciable directional qualities, as the group of stations to which it will respond best may be located at right angles to it, or at any other angle, and there may be more that one group to which any receiver may respond efficiently, but usually there is but one real BEST group. With these things in view we will con- sider the following. “A” has a good re- ceiver and receives over a considerable distance but there is a certain group of stations X, Y, Z, located approximately 500 miles from him that come in “over top” of everything else with persistent regular- ity, while some other groups of stations located probably not more that 100 or 150 miles from him will just as persistent- ly keep out of his receiver or come only indifferently. Now “B”, who may be located in the same town or very close to “A” with as good a receiver and just as skilled an operator as “A”, will not be able to hear the group X, Y, Z, at all or only indiffer- ently, while he will hear another group U, V, W, just as persistently as “A” does the XYZ group. “C” might not be able to hear either of the groups that “A” and “B” hear with any big success but he will hear all of the comparatively nearby stations much better than either “A” or “B”’ and in these near- by stations will also be another group that will come better than the others. And so it goes, each amateur being able to hear certain groups and distances better that others, which naturally leads us c the question of what is the cause of it all. My observations to date seem to show this peculiar condition is dependent upon the HEIGHT of the receiving aerial. Whether I am right or not I do not know, but I offer this as a probable cause and in the hope that others will experiment with different height aerials until the stations they most desire to relay with are brought in at their best. I will give two examples of this as follows:

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July, 1920 With an aeria] about 65 feet high, am- ateurs in Indianapolis, Ind., Chicago, IIls., and Ft. Wayne, Ind. (9th district) and most all in Ohio except St. Mary’s, try to climb all over any of the nearer-by 2nd and 3rd district stations, while compar- atively nearby amateurs are hard to hear and come in very indifferently with lots of fading. Washington, Baltimore, Nor- folk, ete., are conspicuous for their absence. Now reducing this same aerial to about 30 feet, the following suprising results are noted. Scarcely a sound from the 8th and 9th district stations, that were so good before, while we now find a spot way up in Massachusetts that seems to carry the day for the best long distance, while the amateurs around Baltimore, etc., that were so noted for their absence with the 65 foot aerial now come in by the dozens. Other peculiarities, such as the changes in signal strength and regularity of in- dividual stations, are also very noticeable, which leads me to the belief that signals from certain stations will pass right over a certain height aerial while another station either at a greater or less distance might find this same height aerial ideal to come in on. Which, so far as the individual stations are concerned, might be a combination of the different heights of both receiver and transmitter. This leads me to believe that it might be possible for two relayers to work to- gether with different height aerizls and thus improve their work with each other. The one outstanding feature of my ex- periments is that with no combination yet tried have I been able to get St. Mary’s, Ohio, with any satisfaction, although I hear others all around her (on the 65 foot aerial) and others comparatively close to me hear her, but so far as 8ER and my- self are concerned there is evidently one of those pockets or something between us; still it may be possible that 8ER could be made to come good here by having the suitable height aerial. I do not mean to infer I never hear 8ER, but that consider- ing the fact that she has such a good station and that I should hear her good, she comes very unsatisfactorily here on anything I have yet tried. There is an answer to this amateur freakishness somewhere, in fact there are several answers; but from several years’ experience, interrupted by the war, I am almost certain one of the answers is the height of the aerial. It appears that nearby amateurs (75 to 100 or 150 miles) come in with most persistence on the lower aerials and do not swing half as badly as on a high one, and as the nearby amateurs of these distances should be heard well, it seems QsT 51 that to avoid freak work and establish a sure-enough relay route, the sets should be made to work best with the nearest stations practicable, and when this is brought about not only will freakishness be reduced, but regular daylight com- munication can be carried on over these distances, where it would be impossible to do so if your aerial is “tuned” to a bunch of stations way out of your possible day- light range, for it is impossible to avoid freakishness when working much over the possible daylight range of your set. One cause of so much so-called freakish- ness is the fact that the amateur as a rule tries to work far in excess of the normal range of his set and calls it freakishness when he can’t get through one night or one hour as well as he can the next, when in reality it was only freakishnesss that allowed him to get through at all. We all like distance, ’tis true, and it is all right to sit down occasionally and see how far one can hear, but when it comes to the relay business I am sure that sets and aerials designed for shorter distances will be far more reliable. Tet’s think the matter over and see ex- actly where we do stand in this important matter. With best wishes, I remain, Sincerely, A. L. Groves. (Editor’s Note: In another communica- tion from Mr. Groves he suggests the use of an aerial wherein the horizontal wires are stretched between masts in a vertical plane, one above the other, instead of in a horizonta] plane between spreaders, and with the lead taken from the center. If it is true that fading and other such phenomena are due to a variation in the conductivity of the atmosphere which in some manner “converts” the radio waves to a higher or lower altitude, such an aerial should take care of a considerable variation and result in much improvement. It will be interesting to learn what results QST readers note from experiments along this line.) BUZZER TRANSMISSION 3414 Parkview Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa., May 14, 1920. Dear Editor: In regard to buzzer transmission I tried out the hookup by Mr. Jones in the May number of QST and secured good results for the amount of power I used. Using a “Century” buzzer operated on two dry cells with a Litz inductance composed of 160 turns on a tube 3%” in diameter, I was able to carry on communication for a distance of two miles and the receiving station was using a crystal detector. I also worked Carnegie Tech, which is over

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52 % mile, a! still going can get hookups. MECHA Editor, QS’ Anent carried on garding th ing effect occurs to Even thousand possible t quenching —that high that enough oscillatior proved a made it 1 it. If this how muc! mechani lengths, more rap A syste work wh with a This syst which “‘\ Mars ar why it amateurs system, are set not occur voltage i gap. Ther rangeme! the main desired and a spa! stant of t made to ary elect are rap apart, th by the course t! length w will be coupling rapid tr circuit In sists 0 the san having auxiliary a small former, : QsT rted QSA, and I am tests and see if I ilts with different lr. Machesney, 8EW. AL. QUENCHING Koko Head, Hawaii, April 14, 1920. m which has been to time in QST re- y of securing quench- ‘ gaps, the following lengths of several has been found im- inything like perfect mechanical methods ng the gap speed so les separate quickly he spark after a few werful air-blast has 1enching, but has not perfectly accomplish n long wave lengths, it will it be to secure on short wave oscillations are much used in commercial lishes good quenching p by a novel method. ise at the station from so humorously about ngs. I see no reason put into practice by 1 so-called “ignition” spark gap electrodes that the spark will that is, the condenser t to break down the 1uxiliary “timing” ar- nt voltage is added to er voltage at just the | the gap breaks down By adjusting the in- ring’ the spark may be the rotary and station- passed each other and farther and farther r mechanical quenching of the electrodes. Of jue to the longer spark nsiderable, but this fact ed for by the close possible to use and the energy into the aerial triggering device con- auxiliary gap wheel on as the main wheel and number of teeth. This ynnected in circuit with *r and oscillation trans- little set all of its own. July, 1920 The secondary of the oscillation trans- former of this little set is connected across the main condenser through a very small blocking condenser to keep the main con- denser from discharging through it. The main gap does not break down by itself, and the small gap is set to spark just a little after the electrodes of the main gap have passed each other. The added volt- age across the main gap from the oscil- lation transformer of the auxiliary set then triggers the main discharge. A much simpler arrangement along the same lines which is more adapted to am- ateur use is the following: An auxiliary gap is placed in the same shaft as the main gap as before, and is so located that the light from its spark shines directly on the main gap. The latter is set so wide that it does not break down of itself, as in the previous scheme. But when the air in the main gap is ionized by the discharge of the auxiliary gap, due to the ultra-violet light of the latter falling upon the former, the main gap breaks down with V i TRAMS : G, = Maw GAP Ga« A&A GAP C,= Main Conwo C2: AVA. COND ease. Any desired “delay” of the main spark can be obtained by adjusting the relative positions of the two discs on the shaft or by moving the stationary elec- trodes. The connections are shown in the following figure :— The condenser C, should be very small compared to the main condenser, and the leads of the auxiliary circuit should be short, so that the wave length of this cir- cuit will be very short compared with the wave length of the main primary circuit. This is necessary so that the complete dis- charge of the auxiliary circuit may occur in less than one complete period of the main primary circuit. In practice the auxiliary circuit should be disconnected and the main gap opened until it just will not spark with full power on. Then the degree of delay is adjusted as desired, and the auxiliary gap connected. In tuning such a set, all the peculiarities of a quenched spark set will be discovered, such as sharp tuning and very critical couplin adjustment. Close coupling should be used, and whether or not true quenching is being obtained can be deter- mined by a wave-meter, which will in-

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July, 1920 dicate but one hump in the wave if quenching is being obtained. Very truly yours, S. W. Dean. AS IF WE CAN’T TRAIN ’EM TOO! Wis., 1920.

Manitowoc, May 17, Dear Warner: Just a few words in giving my wife code practice right along, and am going to have her stand a watch at 9ZL next winter. When she and Mrs. 8ER get chewing about Mrs. 2ZZ’s new hat, the rest of you might as well quit. 73. Sympathetically, H. J. Burhop, 9ZL. GOOD CIRCUITS USING SLIDE TUNERS 39 Cameron St., S., 3DS, Kitchener, Ont, May 17, 1920. warning. I am Editor, QST: I am enclosing a new connection with which some amateurs may be able to use old tuners, etc. For the peculiar use of the three slide tuner as a tickler circuit, I am indebted to Mr. Jones, an amateur of Brantford, Ont. The other circuit (No. 2) is one which we have been using all winter in connection with a_ rebuilt DeForest detector cabinet and “A” Moore- head tube. It is, however, rather trouble- some to adjust, so we are using No. 1 now. 70 START *- LIGHT VI FAIRLY BRIGHT PUT SL/OERS 1 & @ ABOUT ONE (NCH APART NEAR THE MOODLE OF THE TUNER , THEN MWE 3 UP ANO DOWN Till BULB OSCILLATES ABOUT $0,000 WW MUROOCK 2&2 SL/O£ iL WW

Ke

DIAGRAM Wo./ No. 1 brings in all kinds of 1, 2, 3 (Canadian and U. S.), 8 and 9 amateurs and brought 2XJ’s fone in QSA every night without amplifier. The reader will note that there are no primary or second- ary condensers in this hook-up, which, I believe, makes for its efficiency on short waves. We have, however, got some stations with a V.C. either across aerial and ground or in series with ground. A Murdock tuner used as a loader makes fone come in much louder. QsT 53 The aerials, of which we have two, are as follows: one is a single strand No. 18 D.C.C., 200 feet long, 20 feet high. The other is two strands 500 feet long, 80 feet high, stranded of the same kind of No. 18 D.C.C. It consists of nearly one mile of wire. Theoretically this large aerial would not be any good for short waves, but with this circuit one can re- ceive anything as far as wave is con- cerned. We can always listen to NSS, and one time I am quite sure I heard NFF. This does not sound reasonable, as the Alexanderson H.F. alternator is supposed to have no harmonics.

+ ' = i of —S Hawn ig —d [ yorrwens = — ; | = i i “Za > buck A strange feature of this set, more noticeable than in diagram No. 2, is that you have to tune apparently ABOVE NAA to get most amateurs. We have been unable to find any reason for this, so if any one can enlighten us as to why such a thing should take place please let him go to it (after he tries the hook-ups). Yours truly, Carl Rumpel, 3DS, Per, H. H. Gowan. C.W. STATIONS, SIGN ! 546 Kitchener Ave., Detroit, Mich., May 23, 1920. Editor, QST: Using the circuit I sent in and which was published in the December 1919 num- ber, I hear a number of amateurs using C.W. modulated telegraphy and phone. They are usually testing with some friend, usually in the same town or sometimes send out a CQ and sign off. That is all very well and proper, but for a fellow that hasn’t the opportunity to put in a sending set to bust in and ask him QRA, how are we to know who the station is if he is not listed in the list of calls? As an illustration, I heard an amateur in a city 385 miles from Detroit talking to a fellow in the same city using C.W. modulated. He gave the fellow his address and invited him over. I sent him a letter telling him he was heard by me and he answered and practically called me a liar. Said he was only radiating 6/10 amps and thought he should get a couple miles out

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M4 Glenn L. M Ohio See is L. D. ¢ Ohio Ed Dear Fell Thanx certificate it. I am to pasts see it. It organizat forward t ful member But ple my last (—.) not misspelled Thankir Editor. Q As Ih radio you km v As I nearest depend or heard by) ceiving | dioTron hearing often. 4A Some of most as Vv The st number a? with onl) are trar take it ur good wo! thru hers not km their “5” calls.” W f will fix s ; had a tw forty feet ed lead-i: ground t pipe, not 54 of the set Who is them quits (Note. UM that tickle you? QsT etter was “too much”’. [A and 8GY? I- hear C.W. very QSA. fully, V. Simmons. MA are stations of the raft Co. at Cleveland, of April QST. 8GY Chardon Rd., Euclid, ADY, LADY ! 516 West 27th St., Baltimore, Md., May 21, 1920. for the membership tainly proud to own with a mad impulse : that everyone may s just the splendidest ce and I am looking when I can be a use- eze, kind friends—spell tly! It ends in n iks my heart to see it im, yours, M. Adaire Garmhausen. TENNESSEE. Copleville, Tenn., unything in QST about [ thought I would let ection of the country. velve miles from the phis. Tenn.), I have to | (1% inches) and am Memphis. For re- oose coupler and Au- f very good results, th phones on the table nost dependable station. come in on 1,500 al- 200 meters. lemphis are about ten in ’ them are very inefficient to work them. Three and I am going to f to get some of them in o we can have a relay me of these “hams” do QST is and objected to ise they hated “numeral But I n up myself. One ham ‘ial fifteen feet high and illel to a. c. wires, twist- ng the roof, not soldered, pipe twisted around said and his other connections July, 1920 all twisted up in a solid mass, and then he wondered why he could not hear any sigs. Well, anyone hearing 5FM please let me know and call me any night between 7 and 9 p.m. I will let you know if I hear you. Sincerely yours, Malcolm Richmond. [Editor’s Note. In the pre-war days Mem- phis was just about a hopeless proposition as far as relay activity went. There was never anything doing there in that line as far as we know, altho two colleges and one individual had good stations. The Editor would feel happy to learn of the existence of efficient and interested stations in that city.] MISTAKE, WE'VE STILL GOT IT. New Orleans. Editor, QST— The steamer Columbia docked at Puerto Barrios, Guatemala, April 10th. A typical Central American revolution was in the making, the total male population of the town having been called to the colors by the Commandante. Consequently it was necessary for the officers and crew of the Columbia to load the ship and yours truly and the junior operator checked cargo. On the morning of the eleventh while all hands were busily engaged the revolution- ists swept down on us their sole object being to watch white men work and to lick up some of the sugar spilled in load- ing. There must have been five hundred of them and such a mob. They ranged from about 12 to 60 years of age and were dressed in a weird assortment of ragged clothes, straw hats and mostly no shoes. Each one carried a Machetta (Spanish term for a butcher knife approximately 3” wide and 24” long), a few had rifles dating far back in the eighteen hundreds, end there were some clubs in evidence. Lurking in the rear of the mob I noticed a tall lanky hombre in a faded blue jumper, a pair of trousers that were once white, both articles more or less holey, a broken straw sombero covering a mass of long greasy black hair, and home made sandals. Believe me, in this outfit and a 30 day’s growth of whiskers he looked wicked, and listen—what do you think? Grasped firmly in his right mit was the Old Man’s Wouff Hong. I swear it was. Please, Mr. Editor, has the Old Man given up hopes of being able to use the Wouff Hong on some of these QRM Hams and sold it to the Guatemalan Revolutionists or was I asleep on the job instead of getting my traffic off to Swan Island and dreaming all this? Very truly yours, N. E. Holt, Ex 8BC, Ex 8ZB.

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July, 1920 QST ‘How to Build A Wireless Station’’ By M. Adaire Garmhausen No, we’re not starting a Women’s Auxiliary—not quite yet. But they’re getting in the fellows, and soon it will be Marcelle Waves vs. the Hertzian brand. ame, Mrs. 8ER should watch her laurels. Im this story Miss Garmhausen gives an amusing account of how a “Ham (F.)” breaks in.—Editor. ELL, it’s just like this—these ject to my father. He replied that if super-intelligent articles in QS'1 are way over my head. After I swim thru an especially high- brow contribution such as “a generator for plate voltage” or “a voltage for plate generators’’—whatever it was (apologies to the author)— I gaze out of the window and wonder if I will ever be able to appreciate these essays to their full value. Then perhaps I turn the page to where 8-somebody-or- other’s highly efficient set is pictured or described and I look at my own collection here and laugh till the family comes run- ning in, in wild alarm. So, just as a sort of reaction from the sublime to the ridicul- ous I shall proceed to describe my own ef- forts to “get in the game”’. To begin with—I belong to the so-called “fair sex’’, and we are never expected to have brains. Also, my knowledge of radio telegraphy is decidedly limited. True enough I possess a commercial license, but it isn’t hard to learn what the book says. When it comes to applying that knowledge —that is a “different matter”. However, there is nothing like trying, so one day when my ears got to itching for the gen- tle buzzing till I could stand it no longer, I knocked off work about four o’clock and waltzed up to the radio shop I had dis- covered on Calvert St. I didn’t care much what I bought just so I could hear a little radio on it. That little simplest receiving set we draw for the examination came to my mind now, so I got a crystal detector and a pair of phones, also some copper wire. Of course everyone in the shop (about fifteen curious youths appeared from nowhere) took me as a huge joke and poured forth fabulous tales about hear- ing POZ on one wire and some insignifi- cant apparatus, etc., and each offered sug- gestions to which I harkened not. Only one of them was civil and I appreciated his courtesy. My enthusiasm waves were still undamped so I proceeded homeward to erect my aerial. Here was a real prob- lem! I had spent lots of thought on how I was to get it up, but had arrived at no conclusion in spite of the manifold sug- gestions from the shop, so I thought I would reconnoiter on the roof a bit and possibly I broached the sub- work out an answer. [ put masts on the roof they would be a constant menace for fear of being blown down, and besides, the less I tramped around on the roof the better off I’d be. I tackled my mother. She informed me that walking on the roof might make it leak and that I certainly could not go up. So, having secured their permission, I bory- rowed a ladder from the lady next door and climbed to the roof. I found two chimneys ideally located and pressed them into service. I had some porcelain cleats on hand for insulators and in a short time I had a two wire inverted-L aerial erected, as good as any. My lead-ins are too long but I expect to try another kind of aerial soon, so shall fix them then. This much being done I went below. It was gecting dark now and I was still in frenzied haste to hear some radio so I connected the end of the lead-in directly to the detector. My set is by the window so I led my ground lead. out my window and into the kitchen window, directly below, where there is a water pipe. I had forgotten a ground clamp in my haste so I simply coiled the wire around the pipe. Rushing upstairs again I shunted the fones around the de- tector as per the diagram and—behold! thru the stilly night purred the beloved sounds into my eager ear. And I just want to say, if any of you remember the first signals you ever heard on your own set, AIN’T it a gran’ and glorious feelin’? I sat up that night till all had been silent a long while, and early the next morning I was at it again. I was unable to ob- tain a ground clamp so I used a hose clamp, which is just as good and in fact almost the same thing. After I put that on the water pipe and made a neat connection, I retired to the set to see what was going on. Things were quite lively. NBZ and 30U were both sending and I could read both on account of the difference in spark notes, even thru static. Suddenly above these came a rhythmic pulsation persisting with mechanical accuracy. Could it be—!! the time from Arlington!!—on only de- tector and fones!!—and my little aerial!]!! Breathlessly I waited while the pulsations continued—then a pause—and then— @h crown of fame—“‘QST-QST-QST-de-NAA -NAA-NAA.” Pop-eyed with joy I rushed

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er. I the kit I heard sent thos excitem«é have be listened ore I and se range would I as i hand of the three ir long—j wound The but I It serv more was lov It ren for my to rad how t I forgot ing a pen S about head to and othe r groul cou along the wa so neat become from « I hoo fident threw preme rumbl delight shouts stati “For |] she sa fellow him”! the cor Ay my ¢ expect amp! din to c1 the p. n fectior transn ; hideou One downstairs raced my startled moth- Highland Fling around “IT heard Arlington— If the lad who had words had known the n our camp he would Nightly thereafter I About nine o’clock » make a tuning coil would have on my »il I would construct to reduce the range 1d some bell wire on wind it on. A tour ed a glass jar about eter and about a foot wanted—and upon this I feet of the bell wire. for a fixed condenser, so I used a variable. se nicely and a lot So far everything came a thunderstorm. I had no protection lightning is no friend family did not know he apparatus and if .way from home dur- ng was liable to hap- 1 switch. What I know 1 be printed in scare- tage stamp. I wanted ild throw it one way in and throw it the onnect the aerial and ispicion I knew how I rought my lead-in down screwed the switch to the whole connection ily wondered what had The wiring I learned have watched at work. but wasn’t at all con- With the fones on, I t Silence reigned su- rew it in, and the low ld me all was well. My bounds! “Eureka!’’ I work after all—there’s y sister was in the room. hut up about static!” » a fit every time that 1 must be in love with must be—we all are. But s right, anyhow. . buzzer tester constitutes Go ahead and laugh—I wait till my audion and that I sent for back in the | defy a flickering smile for I expect to hear f the Esquimeaux at six And when I have per- ng sets I shall construct a that will make the night vhole United States. ive discovered about radio QsT July, 1920 —it is never as hard as you think it is going to be. When you get started every- thing works out like magic. I hope this isn’t just beginner’s luck because I still have almost everything before me, but I’m learning more and more every day and that gives me hope that some day I will be able to appreciate to the fullest those super- intelligent articles. THE JUNIOR OPERATOR (Concluded from page 48) slide down with their wave length and help themselves and others. TABLE IV Units of Units of Cap. Used Inductance Inductance with Coil for 200 m for 150m .002 5630 3160 .004 2820 1580 .006 1880 1052 .008 1400 790 .010 1126 633 Of this total value of primary induct- ance, allow about 500 units for the leads from the condenser to gap and inductance These SHOULD UNDER NO CONSIDER- ATION EXCEED TWENTY INCHES. Our one inch spark coil needed .004 capacity. This fixes the inductance of the primary not to exceed 2820 units for 200 meters and not to exceed 1580 units for wave length of 150 meters. Sub- tracting 500 units from the total amount, 2820, we have 2320 units for the primary itself. Our next consideration is what size helix and how many turns will yield this value. The helix will be made of % inch brass or copper ribbon, six turns spaced three- quarters of an inch. The diameter will be seven inches. About four and one- half turns will be needed for 2820 units and about two-and-one-half turns for 1580 units, for 200 meters and 150 meters re- spectively. The secondary of the oscillation trans- former will be similar in dimensions and the full six turns can be used with an antennae whose total length, including lead-in and ground lead, does not exceed 140 feet for 200 meter radiation, and an antennae of not over 100 feet total length as before for radiation at 150 meters wave length. It is hoped that the above data will be of service to the amateur in putting up a good spark coi] set. He is cautioned not to split hairs on the Tables but to take the figures as a guide to his dimensions. The tables have been carefully prepared and can be depended upon.

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July, 1920 QST How to Make a .002 Mfd. Balanced Condenser By George Sturley ERE’S a QST to all bugs who want a large variable condenser for tuning on long wave arc stations, for wave meters, etc. The follow- ing article explains how I built several large balanced condensers from regular 43-plate stock Murdock conden- sers. I have had very good success with them, and altho some rather particular machine work is necessary to build one, the experience and possession surely makes it worth while. As actual performance |! have a 5%” coil with 700 turns and with this .002 condenser get 4800 to 18,000 meters; with 500 turns, 4300 to 13,000 meters; with 350 turns, 3500 to 10,000 meters; with 200 turns, 3000 to 6000. The accompanying photo shows all the parts of the condenser and also one of them all assembled. First get two in- teriors of Murdock No. 366 condensers and take them to pieces. Be very care- ful not to strip the thread in any of the holes in the moulded solder. Before putting screws back into such holes, put a little grease on the screws. Don’t try to use the old top and bottom pieces as the moulded material is too brittle. Turn new dises out of 4” Formica, 3%” diameter. While still in the lathe, center and bore a true 4%” hole. Now take one of the old Murdock top or bottom pieces and locate three of the screw-holes in the Formica discs. Hold the Murdock piece on the Formica by passing a short piece of 4” brass rod thru. The holes should be &” —or a No. 28 drill will do. Now look at Fig. 1. By scribing a line thru two of the located holeg as shown, and scribing a line parallel to same but %” distant, the position of two corresponding holes for the other side of the condenser will be located. Swing the Murdock piece around until the two holes show the scribed line thru their centers, clamp in a vise, and drill these other three holes. When finished test with dividers to see _ that everything is symmetrical, and the com- pleted disc can then be used as a jig in boring the bottom disc, which is just like it. Now turn out four pieces of brass Ne § i ngs ao Fe fe. FORMICA DISCS rod exactly 2” long, drilled and tapped for 6-32 screws at each end, and two pieces 2%” long, similarly drilled and tapped, all from %” stock. Then make two brass link pieces as in Fig. 2. Two brass discs, %” thick and 1%” diameter are bored 4%” thru centers, are sweated on the rotary plate shaft ends, and by the screw holes shown two 8-32 flat-head screws hold the discs together and make a flange coupling. It must be said here that this coupling must be accurately done; otherwise you will invent a new vocabulary df choice adjectives especi- ally concerning variables! Next come the bear- ings, Fig. 3. The bottom bearing is turned from 54” rod and is bored 4” to fit the bottom shaft end. For the head bear- ing make an _ extension piece that will fit tight over the short projection and also carry the handle This is turned from 1%” rod and if any old bronze is handy it will beat brass. Bore’ an

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58 QSsST July, 1920 accurats for the shaft, and three h rews. The holes in the Forn w be reamed or turned out to ! tom and %” for top, + > “Rod as 3 % = amos — oo snaps egeilt L 1.-© > f Fig 5 BEARINGS Oil- Cooled Stu Down Transformers eit FLAT HEAD e- 36 SCREWS to take the bearings. The shaft extension- piece for the handle end is bored with a 4” drill that has been ground a little undersize to insure a tight fit on the con- denser shaft. The condensers I made carried 5%” brass dials #4” thick for calibrations, but if the reader omits these, the extension piece can be altered to suit individual requirements. Brass spacing washers turned from %” stock held the top Formica piece the required distance behind the receiving set panel, and these can be made to suit the builder. In assembling, it will be found a shim about cx” thick will be necessary in the flange coupling of shaft. Electrical connections are made to the head bearing and any of the stationary plate screws. PEnd play or vertical movement of shaft is limited by making a brass washer %” diameter and bored 4%” to slip over the head of the shaft. It will be about #” thick. BEARING % LOCK NUT Lowen Ther rreat many amateurs who and a piece of fibre or wood placed in have tr h their step down trans- front of the binding posts to prevent a former pen type heating up when _ short on the side of the tin. A good grade there pull on them. A good of transformer oil is poured in up to one remedy) tect the insulation is to half inch of the top. Paraffin is then immer ransformer in oil. Procure’ melted on the oil. When cool, sealing wax a tin as a varnish can (square); is poured quick on the paraffin so the top cut d height of the transformer. of paraffin is covered. I find this very Next bber covered wires about satisfactory in running my spark coil with 6 incl to the low voltage posts. a Tesla coil. Then nsformer is set into the tin —Contributed by William C. Babcock. CLUB OFFER QST Pacific Radio News Bo ene year for $3.00 rdered together. QST, 721 Main St., HARTFORD, CONN.

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The “Sine” of the Fraternity Ready for distribution July 15th—the new A.R.R.L. Emblem, officially adopted as the insignia of the Leaguc, as mentioned on another page of this issue. We know that every member of the A.R.R.L. will want an Emblem. Wear this to let the fellows know that you are an amateur—in two weeks it will be the universal means of identification. When you see this pin on a man, you know he’s all right—he’s an amateur; more than that, a brother member of the A.R.R.L. five-eighths of an inch high. Furnished with either pin or s:rew-button (lapel) mounting. In ordering specify In extra-heavy rolled gold and black enamel, which you desire. $1.50 SECRETARY, AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE, 61 Waverly Building, Hartford, Conn. Postpaid and insured “COOTIE” KEY Cat. No. YM6 The “Cootie” key is the snappiest sending device offered on the market for reliable spacing of characters. Listen to 9NV, 9LU, 9MS, 9UG, 9BY, and judge for yourself. Large standards, formica knob, substantial silver contacts suitable for use up to 2KW. The double action of the “Cootie” key lends an in- dividuality to your sending. H Nickel Plated $5.00 Price ; ° ; nap eee Plain Brass Distributors for the DeForest Radio Tel. & Tel Co. Clapp-Eastham Co. Amrad Products Wm. J. Murdock Co. —Immediate Deliveries— Send for our Fifty Page Address all pag Young EMSCo mbs a in Stamps -ROCK ISLAND. ILL. Ne. 67 ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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A Good Wavemeter AT A MODERATE PRICE is accurate simple and rugged. Comprises a portable oak case 534” x84," x6,” with hinged cover, bakelite panel, balanced condenser, buzzer, detector, switch, binding posts, and two 2 unit inductance windings, range 200 to 2000 meters. Price $27.50 These meters are in stock for im- mediate delivery and are carried in stock by most good dealers. B. Q. WAVEMETER Bulleti ind F sent for 4c Stamps list our complete line of high grade, erately priced apparatus for the radio laboratory. Bulletin R lists t mbridge Rectifier for Storage Battery Charging. CLAPP-EASTHAM CO., 114 Main St., Cambridge, Mass. The Man Who Builds His "Cond felons Own W ireless Apparatus New Radio School with Apparatus Ase yeu en who takes more interest Department in Connection in const t ireless apparatus than in . purchasing set from the manufacturer ? Fills Long Felt Need You have t fellow enthusiasts all over At last the hopes of central west radio this c ntr ely is heaps of satisfaction enthusiasts for an adequate radio school and in “making apparatus and knowing supply house, centrally located, are realized. exact y the sntity of material that The Independence Radio Institute (thirty goes into nit : minutes ride on electric car from Kansas City) Your insulat e good or bad according to has been founded to meet this great need. the materia any of the former amateurs Strictly speaking it is not a new concern, but and exp stisfaction they secured is a combination of several interests, enlarged from genuine in scope. It is successor to the Graceland . Radio Institute (9YO), the Independence Radio 7 Laboratory (9ZH), and Arthur B. Church, Wireless Specialist. It is under the manage- then ask wireless man what he ment of Messrs. Arthur B. Church and Paul E. thinks ation You will find Anway, experts well known in the radio field. BAKELITE-t ECTO used wherever insulation The radio school, featured by its complete is needed i: r types of modern apparatus. modern equipment and experienced instructors, It's so cor e because it is furnished in will be the best in the central west. Attractive Sheets, Rods thes. Waterproof, permanent tuition discounts are offered to amateur oper- and ' ators. New classes will be formed the first We manuf Vulcanized Fibre, Conite and Monday in each month. A catalogue contain- Continental B ing full information will be mailed upon request. Let us 6 : how our Standard Products The Sales Department will carry a large can be mad solve your insulating problems. stock of all leading makes of radio equipment. As exclusive distributor for A. H. Grebe & THE CONTINENTAL FIBRE CO. Company, it will handle the business of this concern in the central west. Experimenters in NEWARK. DELAWARE the vicinity of Kansas City and Independence 233 Broa 332 S. Michigan Ave are invited to visit the salesroom and inspect Maw % Chicago, III r the apparatus on display. Mail orders will Sek Mar “ = receive prompt attention. A catalogue of ap- _— 411 S. Main St., paratus will be sent upon receipt of names and ~— 4 7 Los Angeles, Cal. addresses of six live central west amateurs. ; Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. aéine Oilan Independence Radio Institute Streets, Toronto, Ont., Canada INDEPENDENCE, MISSOURI ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO- ADVERTISERS

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CW ACME APPARATUS POWER TRANSFORMERS MODULATION TRANSFORMERS FILAMENT HEATING TRANSFORMERS 1; HENRY CHOKE COILS ACME C. W. POWER TRANSFORMERS are designed for use with rectifying tubes for supplying D. C. voltage and current and for heat- ing filaments. 200 Watt C.W. Power Transformer, Mounted................ $20.00 200 Watt C.W. Power Transformer, Core and Coils Assembled. 16.00 50 Wett C.W. Power Transformer, Mounted................ 15.00 50 Watt C.W. Power Transformer, Core and Coils Assembled. 12.00 The ACME A-3 MODULATION TRANSFORMER is correctly designed for Radio Telephony without distortion of speech and for maximum modulation. A-3 Fully mounted with engraved bakelite panel............ $7.00 Be. GUN We Is ow ce ccc ck ccccccsccccccete 5.00 Fae) Ee. CIES, gw wwe ccc ce cccekncewtede tances 4.50 The ACME FILAMENT TRANSFORMER is designed for 110 volts 60 cycles and to deliver current at two voltages of 8 and 10 volts each. Acme Filament Heating Transformers, 50 Watts, . e o r r $12.00 Acme Filament Heating Transformers, 50 Watts, ee Gy CI, gb nb to oe pencerepseesesees 9.00 ACME 11%4 HENRY CHOKE COILS are designed for use in the D. C. circuit when modulating. 1144 Henry Choke, 500 milampere capacity, semi-mounted...... $6.00 1144 Henry Choke, 150 milampere capacity, semi-mounted..... . 4.00 With two separate coils $2 extra in each case. ACME APPARATUS COMPANY 26 Windsor Street, Cambridge 39, Mass. UP-TO-DATE TRANSFORMER AND RADIO ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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SAVE RADIO $ $ BY CONSULTING Radio Buyer's and Builder's Handbook (by an Amateur of fourteen years experience) N¢ ) WwW DESCRIBES AND SIMPLIFIES OUT many New Radio Inventions and Improvements including NEW HOOKUPS to MAKE all the APPARATUS you use MORE EFFICIENT This book s nearly 200 pages, many diagrams, and over 30 full page half-tones of simple efficient a; Inc. 16 scale cutouts—in black and white. rHE FIRST THOUSAND WILL BE $1.00 PER COPY. ee Radice dept. June Popular Science for my first new stories. PARTIAL CONTENTS. EXPERIMENTAL VACUUM VALVE DETECTOR, sensitive and made = few minutes from finished parts easily obtainable at any time. o “Tricks of the Trade”—Solid Silver Switch Points for 3 to 5 cents each. W Combination Switching Key—Low Cost Amplifying Transformer. New! ble Duplex Oil Condensers for Sending and Receiving with Switch. w and Where to Buy Second Hand Radio and Electrical Apparatus Cheap. Rectifying Gap Motor which supplies “B” Battery current or “A” current. mple Calibrated Hot Wire Ammeter, not affected by weather. Very Fine! New and Good Ideas on “A” and “B” Batteries of Little Cost. ercial Type Rotary Quenched Gaps of Low Cost, Like the Above. ~ Cheap Honey-Comb Type Receiving Coils for all Waves. Silver Contacts. od-hand Electrical Motor-Generators up to ¥, H.P. for $6.00. Modern Type. many other methods of saving time and money on BETTER APPARATUS. RU CAM St ne SOS | Barnes Rd., Newton, Mass. Your Public Library Stromberg- Carlson RADIO > HEAD SET A set that com- bimes your ideal of extreme sen- sitiveness with a strong, durable construction that stands the gaff of continuous ser- vice ashore or aboard ship. _ lied All operating parts housed in dust-proof and Neceliving Sets moisture-proof aluminum cases. The diaphragm is mounted metal-to-metal in such a way that : temperature variation will not disturb the air- mplete or Parts gap adjustments. Non-conducting spool heads and slotted pole tips eliminate 90 per cent of y the eddy current losses that are found in other RADISCO AGENTS head sets Each set is wound to a resistance of 2,000 ohms with pure copper wire and furnished complete with 6-foot moisture-proof cord attached. “COSRADIO” k of Quality The Ra Supply House of the Middle West IM} \TE DELIVERY ansmitting Sets tion Guaranteed Tested for matched diaphragm tuning and operating qualities in actual service before shipment. ; -—= Send $12.00 for sample set for trial in your own station—satisfaction guaranteed or THE COSRADIO CO. | | Smasaze io = WICHI KANSAS. Stromberg-Carlson Telephone Mfg. Co. 9-BW Rechester, N. Y. Chicage,, Ill. Kansas City, Me. Torente Ont. 62 ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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gga 899 BOYLSTON ST. iNSTATY BOSTON, MASS. An Open Letter ! ! This year we wish to announce that the EASTERN RADIO INSTITUTE will conduct their SUMMER CLASSES as usual. New students Day or Evening may now enter any Monday. Special effort will be made to give every possible assistance to those who are desirous of accomplishing the work during the Summer months, and in this respect the Day school offers unusual advantages. These courses present splendid opportunities to High School students who are desirous of spending an enjoyable vacation travelling amid healthful and pleasing surroundings, at the same time providing funds for a College course later on. To EVERY student who enrolls at the EASTERN RADIO INSTITUTE, THREE dominant factors are in his favor—We are the OLDEST, LARGEST, and BEST EQUIPPED radio and telegraph school in New England. This gives the student CONFIDENCE to start with! We are the OLDEST when we say that the INSTITUTE was founded in 1913 and is now in its eighth successful year. We are the LARGEST when we say that in that time the enroll- ment has grown from 2 to over 4000 different students. We are the BEST EQUIPPED when we say that the INSTITUTE owns thousands and thousands of dollars worth of valuable radio and telegraph apparatus for instruction in the form of modern Commercial transmitting and receiving sets, storage battery apparatus, etc., etc. In fact the entire resources of the F. D. PITTS CO., INC., dealers in commercial radio apparatus, are at the disposal of this Institute. To EVERY student who graduates from the EASTERN RADIO INSTITUTE, THREE more dominant factors are in his favor—We have ALWAYS placed EVERY graduate in a good position, have kept them employed and can GUARANTEE these positions. This gives the graduate SATISFACTION to finish with. When you realize that our rates of tuition are reasonable, and that it costs no more to avail yourself of these VITAL ADVANTAGES, our years of EXPERIENCE and RESULTS, why not enroll for these classes? Do it today and you will not regret it! Operatively Yours, F. D. PITTS, Director. ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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‘‘Sparks’’ says ‘Lasting Satisfaction measured to a great extent by the initial quality of the radio apparatus you purchase.” Our High Grade line of Standard-make Commercial and \mateur Radio equipment embodies the latest ideas in lesign and workmanship which assures you of lasting satisfaction under all operating conditions. Our Specialty s rendering you such Service that you may always know your interests will be looked after as to Quality and price. Call on us when in town. Your wants will be Quickly and Satisfactorily looked after. iy? Our latest catalog is yours for 10 cents to cover e dey Fa postage. Write for it today. \"¢ The International Electric Company _ EUGENE DYNNER, President. oie 226-B Fulton Street, New York, N. Y., U. S. A. Attention Amateurs ! UTTMARK’S NAUTICAL ACADEMY RADIO INSTITUTE Tele ne 8 State Street, Bowling 8079 New York City. Let u e you for your first grade commercial license. We have just t of course you have been looking for. Modern apparatus and ¢ ed instructors. Day or evening classes. Write, phone or ca r illustrated prospectus. UTTMARRM’S for wiearion The Largest Radio Supply Stock In The South | COMMERCIAL AND AMATEUR WIRELESS | APPARATUS OF ALL KINDS Holt Electric Utilities Co. Jacksonville, Fla. | | | | ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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Licensed by DeForest AUDIOTRON The Original Tubular Vacuum Amplifier The AudioTron vacuum tube is now manu- factured and sold as a genuine audion licensed under DeForest Patents Nos. 841387 and 879532 to be used only for amplification in radio com- munication and only for experimental and amateur purposes and only in audio frequency circuits. The Audiotron has a double filament of special thorium tungsten and the operating life is over 2000 hours. No special socket is required. The electrical and mechanical dimensions result in a heavy plate cur- rent and corresponding signal strength. Plate voltage under 40. Our guaranty insures satisfaction. PRICE $6.00 EACH If your local dealer cannot supply you we will ship postpaid when cash accompanies order. The AudioTron Exclusive Guaranty: Each and every Audiotron is guaranteed to arrive in good condition and to prove fully satisfactory. Replacement of unsatisfactory tubes will be made free of charge. AUDIOTRON AUDIO-FREQUENCY TRANSFORMER. ........ $7.00 Laminated closed core, two coil type. DEALERS:—Write for our attractive trade Proposition. AUDIOTRON SALES CO. Lick Bldg., San Francisco, Calif. ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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G.

STANDARDIZED SUPPLIES NOTICE OF PRICE REDUCTION The trem lemand for G. A. STANDARDIZED B BATTERIES has made possible such quantity productio he accompanying use of labor saving devices, that the benefit of lower costs is now extended <perimenters, in accordance with the G. A. policy of keeping all prices as low as is consistent high quality by which these batteries are known. For the those not acquainted with the G. A. STANDARDIZED B BATTERIES, it may be said that ¢ tteries, under direct comparison, have shown an operating life 20% to 30% greater than that ther make, either when used for receiving or low powe vacuum tube transmitters. Morees . edom from microphonic noises makes them especially adapted for use with the new ow vax tubes. SIGNAI YPE: $1.25, weight 1 Ib. Mailing extra. Average operating life 3 months. NAVY 0, weight 5 Ibs. Mailing extra. Average operating life 10 months. THE ESBRO RADIO COMPANY Of Brook York, the largest manufacturers of small condensers and portable radio equipment, ane Been lated with THE GENERAL APPARATUS COMPANY, under which name ESBRO products d ESBRO NDENSERS: capacity 0.0005 mfd., fitted with screws for mounting, 35c each. ESBRO NE CONDENSERS: capacity 0.001 mfd., with screws for mounting, 35c each. ESBRO ECEIVER: A complete crystal receiver with buzzer test, in a portable hinged cover ’ shed with materials for a G. A. STANDARDIZED long range antenna and a pair of Murdock 55 telephones. Receives Arlington time signals up to 500 miles. P te $20.00, weight 10 pounds. IF IN NEW YORK, GO TO THE NEW G. A. STORE, OPEN UNTIL 9:00 P.M. DAILY AND SATURDAYS MONI QUICK SERVICE CIARA N ABSOLUTE EVER * e RELIABILITY he General Apparatus Company 4310-1 way at 183rd Street, ~ New York City

PARKIN RHEOS Why

When this running

switches pos Ww

Actual Size) . PANEL WPE RHEOSTAT Price 2 , $1.75 1920) has easil renewed ted on back of MOULDED Latest bulletins sent on request Write f ptive PARKIN MFG. CO., San Rafael, Calif.

TAT $1.00 POSTPAD) (7 ——__—_— Pay More? ee Vacuum Tube Socket TYPE 156

| Positive contact springs Base is of moulded bakelite Metal parts polished nickel Adaptable to either transmitting or receiving tubes shats = moulded into sack. “OFF” position provided. 4 Coe yl General Radio Co. ts, contacts, ete. WINDSOR STREET rite for proposition. Cambridge 39 Massachusetts

ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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OX Telemegafone Most Efficient Telephone Receiver and Loud Speaker FOR RADIO RECEIVING The most rugged, simple and reliable instrument yet pro- duced for the reproduction of radio signals and sound. It is not only a most sensi- tive receiver when used with the head-set, but is also the most powerful loud speaker. The Magnavox Telemegafone fills the long felt need of both commercialand amateur radio stations. By using this instrument in connection with your vacuum tube amplifier, signals will be reproduced with great vol- ume. For weak and ordinary signals use the head-set. Strong signals can be heard a great distance from the horn. oad PRICE $75.00 Connect AA to your receiving set where your present head-set is connected Connect BB to a 6-volt storage battery Immediate Delivery—Order Earty Parewren iw U.S.A. ano FoangaCounraes 2701-2759 East Fourteenth Street, Oakland, California ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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To Obtain The Very Best Results USE Kederal Standard Accessories a & > They are Used by the Leading Experi- menters, Manufacturers and by the Govern- ment.

Popular and Efficient Than any Other Because it Gives Results—You Should Use it. Our New Bulletin No. 102 W-B, is now ready for mailing—Send 6c in stamps—Contains new information. The Standard 226-W Transformer is More

> 6 7 u Sip ! Our new line of Jacks—and Federal Duo- <a Lateral Inductances Just Out—If Your Dealer on hee S Does Not Have Them—Write to the Transformer FEDERAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CO. 1766 ELMWOOD AVE, BUFFALO, N. Y.

Radio Electric Adapters Postpaid - - $1.50 PITTSBURGH AMATEURS and others are in- vited to call at our new store and inspect the latest radio instruments. ~--- SO ~ | | Send 10c for our new catalogue. “We make or sell Everything Radio” The Radio Electric Company | 3807 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.

DUCK’ ." New Big 200 PP. Wireless and 100 PP. Electrical Catalog Our 200 page exclusive wireless catalog mailed for 12c and our electrical catalog mailed for 6c, in stamps or coin. The largest, st elaborate and most complete radio catalog published. Everything in wireless worth while is listed in this catalog. The experienced smateur will tell you to see our catalog before buying. You are thereby insured against ar purchase. It is the Beacon Light to guide you right in the selection of your wire- less app \ bigger or better values are obtainable elsewhere. THE WILLIAM B. DUCK CO. 243-245 Superior St., Toledo, Ohio ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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RADIO APPARATUS Distributors of reliable radio apparatus for experi- menters in every branch of the radio field “PITTSCO” The sign of service and immediate delivery! All we ask is a trial! HONEY-COMB COILS LITZENDRAHT WIRE. (While they last.) 330-1030 . $1. 450-1460 660-2200 930-2850 1300-4000 1550-4800 2050-6300 4000-12000 5000-15000 6200-19000 LL-1250 7000-21000 . Note:—these are the genuine DeForest litz coils. INDUCTANCE COIL MOUNTINGS FOR HONEY-COMB COILS No. LC-101 DeForest, mounted on oak base with gears to hold three coils. . No. LC-201 DeForest, same as above but with primary condenser switch mounted on base. Ce No. LC-100 Same as ‘ LC-101 but with- out base... . $10.00 No. ULC-100 Same mounted on unit , - No. ULC-200 Single inductance mounting on unit panel No. ULC-300 Double inductance mounting on unit panel ve No. ULC-400 Triple inductance mounting on unit panel ; $13.00 ut . .$10.75 AUDION CONTROL PANELS No. P-400 DeForest audion panel with- out cabinet ... - $9.95 No. P-401 DeForest audion panel, as above with oak cabinet. No. P-402 DeForest audion panel 40 volt “B” battery in oak cabinet No. P-500 DeForest audion-ultraudion panel with 20-40 volt “B” battery with oak cabinet. . riundwds aake —" _— Grebe vacuum tube control wy ROR ‘Grebe vacuum tube control panel with 40 volt “B” battery. . .$17 REMEMBER ! We carry an immense stock and can make immediate delivery on every item listed! TELEPHONES (Pair) No. 1 Type C Baldwins, standard Navy type No. 2 Type E Baldwins, smaller Brandes, “Superior” Brandes, “Transatlantic” 2800 ohms... . Brandes, “Navy type” 3200 ohms No. 55 Murdock, 2000 ohms...... No. 55 Murdock, 3000 ohms OMNIGRAPHS No. 2 Omnigraph, complete with 15 dials .$28.00 No. 2-A Omnigraph Jr., complete with 5 dials , $20. No. 5 Omnigraph, complete with one dial. 312.00 Extra dials for No. 2 and Extra dials for No. 5.. REGENERATIVE RECEIVERS No. CR-1 Grebe, 170 to 600 meters with tube control No. CR-2 Grebe, 170 to 600 meters.... No. CR-3 Grebe, 170 to 600 meters (new type just out) : ; No. CR-4 Grebe, 170 to 600 meters (with series condenser) No. CR-6 Grebe, 170 to 600 meters with detector and 2 step amplifier self contained . No. CR-7 Grebe, 500 to "20000 meters long wave receiver cea . Note:—Each receiver is a creation manship and performance. INSULATORS (Antenna) 4 inch antenna insulator 0 inch antenna insulator... . 6 inch antenna insulator. . 2 inch antenna insulator 3 inch porcelain strain insulator, ha 5 inch hard rubber antenna in- 0 0-2 0-3 0-4 . 0-5 0-6 Be a to "0- 8 1 sulator Important ! Every article listed sent to any part of the United States postage prepaid or express prepaid. Series No. 2 We want your business ! (Keep this page and watch for next month’s) SEND 6 CENTS IN STAMPS FOR NEW CATALOG! F. D. PITTS CO. Dept. A, 12 PARK SQUARE, INC, BOSTON, 11, MASS., U. S. A. ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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Thermo-Ammeters, Milliammeters and Current-Squared Meters SSvOIN Model 425 Miniature Size Instruments for Radio Service are the ideal Instruments for the amateur. They are particularly adapted for use on small size Radio panels where space is an important factor. Their characteristics of accuracy, large over- load cay small current consumption and small size make them particularly desiral e on amateur and other low-power outfits. rT! for use on Audio and Radio frequencies. ( e information will be furnished upon request. Weston Electrical Instrument Company 158 Weston Avenue, Newark, N. J. Branches in all Principal Cities. “ASK ANYONE WHO HAS USED IT” Radio Amateurs USERS ARE PROVERS “T have also asked some of my y ow in af : friends all of whom say, ‘BRANDES? We can tock a complete line Sure, get them: They will positively > of the ving Manufacturers: pay for themselves (Name on request). |. H. Bunnell & Co. BRAN DES Acme Apparatus Co. WIRELESS Wm. J. Murdock Co snsaedlietii, HEADSETS “Navy” set 3200 ohms $/4.00 DeForest “ Transatlantic” set 2800 ohms $/0.00 “Superior” 2000 ohms $7 ~ TRIAL Test - Brandes 5 Away od Receivers against ary other make. est them for sensitiveness ADDRESS ALL MAIL OFFER clearness and distance. If within ten days ATTENTION OF you're not only satisfied but enthusiastic over them -— back comes your money without a question. MR. H. DUNBAR Prove for yourself the fine quality, the “* matched tone."” The two diaphragms, y= alike, te, strengt ee . —— the signals and prevent blurring. =| — Government eae os experts abreed reales + technical schools ; nd by pr fe and 3 ° everywhere. Quaker Lig ht Supply Co. ms SEND 4c. FOR CATALOGUE !: ” C. BRANDES, Inc. 728 Arch St, Phila., Pa. Room 821, 32 Union Square, New York WIRELESS RECEIVER SPECIALISTS 70 ~=— ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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Here’s a Receiver With Fight Distinct Advantages Tuner; Type T-200. Size 13%" x 12%” x8”. Price, $77.50 Combination Audion-Ultra Audion and Complete, without Coils. One-step Amplifier; Type P-300 Size 12%” x9%”"x7%”. Price, $73 50. COMPLETE, compact and inexpensive Re- Audion Tubes, $7.00 each extra. A ceiving Set having improvements and re- finements which increase efficiency and eliminate many objectionable features of re- ceiving apparatus. These Eight No longer is it necessary for you to have two or three expensive, inconvenient and cumber- Advantages some tuners spread all over your operating table ARE NOT DUPLICATED when working all wave lengths. With this new IN ANY RECEIVING DE FOREST tuning system you can work any SET AT DOUBLE THE and all wave lengths with the one tuner shown PRICE: above. This Set has distinct advantages of minimum table space and of convenience in 1 Responds to any wave length, , . 150 to 25,000 meters. coupling not equalled in any other type of @ Meso Geaiiie ts comiinn apparatus. The entire Set is complete in the ® tens. deleted ity; two cabinets shown here. The Genuine less high frequency om A DE FOREST “Honey Comb” Coil System of ance and decrement values. Tuning is employed—no superior system has 4 Eliminates cumbersome ever been invented. switches, inefficient taps : : . ve . and losses from dead ends. This is a ew DE FOREST production om- 5S Vernier Air Condensers of bodying a unique and superior tuning system. unusual design. Possession of this Set means more efficient and 6 Signals come in louder and sitisfactory operation; more pleasure and practi- clearer. cal benefit for every Amateur. Its price is 7 Superior in efficiency, work- remarkably reasonable for the quality of appar- manship, convenience and atus and the distinct advantages the Set offers. pmo ~ . 8. Requires minimum table Find out more about it at once. agente note sizes of cabinets. Send for a DeForest Manual a 36-page book containing full infor- DeForest Agencies are mation about this and many more located in all Principal DE FOREST instruments, as well as Cities. Ask your regular giving much useful information for Electrical Dealer to get the Amateur. Mailed anywhere upon you DE FOREST Appar- receipt of 10 cents. atus. DE FOREST RADIO fetecrser COMPANY Inventors and Manufacturers of High Grade Radio Apparatus 1407 SEDGWICK AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY , SS SEM a ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS 71

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WILI aerial Wade read can us Used a dealer I] not cia 21 41 Which k your dea 11 plat TRESCO, Davenport, lowa Hook ’er to yer bulb The most wonderful tuner in the world for only $15. Last month this tuner beat in a test one of the NAVY STANDARDS at Ketchikan, Alaska. 10 Captains of Ocean going ships have had their wire- less operators install one of our tuners in the captain's cabin so the exact time by wireless can be had with- out using either tube, bell, or hand. GREAT says one old sea dog. WHAT IN SAM HILL MART ALECS GET UP NEXT? European stations copied in day time and no Maney \ single wire about 40 long by 25 high will do the trick. London amatew W. R. stol, promises report for the magazines to publish showing how the amateurs there England. Junk your funny wound coils and get a regular two pound tuner that you e static season. 20000 meters maximum wave length. Hook up on bottom of tuner. KNOCKED DOWN AND ASSEMBLED CONDENSERS. u want???. Made for panel mounting and are complete with scale pointer and knob. world now and still going strong. No C.O.D. orders. Add parcel post. Buy from i send us his name if can not supply you. Canadian amateurs buy from local us for nearest dealer. Boventen tops and bases. Movable plates are screwed on and ked down. .$1.80 11 plate assembled... .. .$2.75 7 ok ae _ She = wciay ries ante e' eae — = Ps ge bee 4.25 SOLD BY YOUR DEALER OR This and with provide Detect Our Det Detector Detector 2 Audio | Detector ar Audio Fr Two-Stage RADIO-CRAFT PRODUCTS reo Sige tit BURGESS BATTERY » Frequency Amplifier... ... $50.00 RADIO-CRAFT CO., Inc. COMPANY RANK M. SQUIRE, Pres. 413 Third Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. BURGESS'B” BATTERIES SEVERAL SIZES FOR SPECIAL 1] WORK and Two-Stage Frequency Amplifier. made of the finest materials gives perfect amplification ng noises. Binding posts are “B” battery connections, for ul Amplifier line consists of 20 bccavad 0o6ebenee .00 o-Stage SEND FOR CATALOGUE p Bee. c6ec00ee caun $45.00 HARRIS TRUST BLDG.- CHICAGO, ILL. 72 ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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- uy MOORHEAD if PERFECT sp xsessssn.ss VACUUM TUBE COMBINATION | perfected to meet the THE MOORHEAD ELECTRON RBLAY increasing demand for tubes of superior efficiency, wherein all desirable characteristics are combined with- out subordinating any essential elements. A combination of two or more VT tubes as amplifiers with an Electron Relay as the initial detector or oscillator is the ideal receiving combination for long dis- tance amateur or long wave reception. Both types of tubes are rugged in construction and unqualifiedly guaranteed. Both Tubes Licensed Under The DeForest Audion and Fleming Patents 8 KIRK PLACE, THE MOORHEAD ELECTRON RELAY The Electron Relay is the original tubular vacuum valve brought out by this company in 1915, now 31 pplied with the standard four p’org base for convenience. This tvhe has the familiar “hissing’’ point and low B battery potential characteristic of the perfect vacuum detector. Of all vacuum tubes the Moorhead Electron Relay is the most efficient spark receptor. Price—$6_ each. Immediate deliveries. Order from your dealer or remit direct to address below. DEALERS wrile for prices and particulars. THE MOORHEAD VT AMPLIFIER-OSCILLATOR The VT Amplifier-Oscillator is the Navy SE 1444 “hard” tube, and is designed and manufactured ex- pressly for amplification and oscil- lation purposes. Particular atten- tion is invited to the large ampli- fication constant of this tube. Recent official Navy tests show conclusively that the Moorhead VT tube has a higher amplification constant than any other vacuum tube known to the radio art. Price—$7 each. Immediate deliveries. Order from your dealer or remit direct to address below. AMATEURS write for descrip- tive literature. ATLANTIC RADIO SUPPLIES COMPANY NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, PHONE MARKET 1575 PACIFIC RADIO SUPPLIES COMPANY 638 MISSION STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA DISTRIBUTORS FOR MOORHEAD LABORATORIES, INC. ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERT!_ERS

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“SHRAMCO” Specialties are needed for an efficient set Switch Points BRASS NICKEL No. 626 ;’x %” with screw......... $2.00 per 100 $3.00 per 100 No. 627 head, 5” shank, vith nut and washer......... 2.25 per 100 3.35 per 100 No. 628 x 14” with screw......... 1.75 per 100 2.60 per 100 | Switches No. 75' blade Laminated, 154” radius.............. $1.00 each No. 751—Single Blade, 134” + ieee itp e- 0.35 “ No. 800——Panel Binding Post, brass finish............... o_ ~ mplete line reliable moderate priced apparatus. Agency, Coils, “B” Batteries, Dial Indicators, etc. | Sc in stamps for Catalog J showing complete line. Shotton Radio Manufacturing Company P. O. Box 3, SCRANTON, PA. O, W hat A Pal was — but say boy, do you n up-to-the-minute ra tion is SOME pal too? $15. $15. AUDION CONTROL CABINET We .cture high grade Size 8”x11"'x6”, Mahogany Finish, 7’’x10” api nly. Here is a good Bakelite Panel, Brass Fittings. Back valu Ace V.T. Socket Mounted Rheostat, Control Switch. leak at We have a Surplus Stock of These 4 High Grade Cabinets, Original Price $1.50 each $35.00. GET BUSY. © Bett Ace equipment pe eg eer - than rry you did not. 2 ‘Step Amplifier, Same as Above Ask pom Nickel Fittings $35. 00 Worth $60. 00 THE Grid Condensers. . eee 35c PRE )N EQUIPMENT CO. 7 ——- of 4 Dept. D TREMAINE & CO. 2437 \ve., Cincinnati, Ohio. 1305 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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The eee Arco Variable Condenser We offer Radio Men something out of the ordinary in vari- able condensers. This new model is a step ahead of its rivals in that the plates are made of aluminum and heavier than those found in the average condensers. The rotary plates are rounded at one end, not the usual semi-circular type, thus affording a straight line capacity, which is a very valuable feature in Wave Meter work. The zero capacity in an instrument of this type is considerably lower than that of usual condensers. Shaft which machined from tool steel. in case or behind panel. rotary plates are mounted is carefully Instrument can be quickly mounted on furnished unmounted only, with or fine black moulded composition and bake- Made in two capacities, without dial of lite knob. Backed up by Radisco guaranteed quality of workmanship and low price. Capacity Unmounted With Dial and Knob .0005 mf. $5.00 $6.00 001 mf. 6 25 7.25 Shipping weight 2 pounds. Prices quoted do not include carrying charges to Pacific Coast or duty paid for Canadian use. RADISCO AGENTS carry only apparatus of proven merit. Look for the Radisco trade mark on all parts you buy and be sure of getting efficient apparatus. Below are listed a few of the reliable firms who carry the RADISCO COILS, Better “B” Batteries and are our Agents for all other standard apparatus of merit. Communicate your wan ALBANY, N. Y. E. L. Long, 21 Magnolia Terrace ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. Independent Radio Supply Co. 118 So. New Jersey Ave. NEWCA BALTIMORE, MD. Radio Engineering Co., 614 No. Calvert St. BIENVILLE, QUEBEC. CAN. Canadian Radio Mfg. Co. BOSTON, MASS. Atlantic Radio Co 88 Broad Street BROOKLYN, N. Y. Kelly & Phillips Electric Co., 312 Flatbush Ave. BRONX, NEW Amateur YORK Wireless Equ‘pment Co., 1390 Prospect Ave CHICAGO. ILL. Chicago Radio Laboratories, 1316 Carmen Ave. EUREKA, PEORIA, ILLINOIS Klaus Radio Co. KANSAS CITY, MO. McCreary Radio Supply, 4th & Delaware Sts. LOS ANGELES, CALIF. The Wireless Shop. 511 W. Washington St MONTREAL, CAN. J. B. Miller, 1600 Hutchinson St. Pennsylvania Wireless Mfg. SEATTL ts to them NEWARK, N. J. A. H. Corwin & Co. 4 West Park Street STLE, PA. 507 Florence Ave. “BHA” PHILADELPHIA, PA. Philadelphia School of Wireless Telegraphy, Broad and Cherry Streets PROVIDENCE, R. I Rhode Island Elec. Equip. Co., 45 Washington Street PITTSBURGH, PA. Radio Electric Co. 3807 Sth Ave. E, WASH. Northwest Co., Sixth Ave. Radio Service 1801 SCRANTON, PA. Shotton Radio Mfg. Co., P. O. Box 3 Branch, 8 Kingsbury St., Jamestown, N. Y. SPRINGFIELD, MASS. Electric Service Co., 585 Armory Street TORONTO, ONT., CAN. The Vimy Supply Co., 585 College Street WASHINGTON, D. C. McKEESPORT, PA. K. & L. Electric Co., 427 Olive Street NEW ORLEANS, LA. WICHIT L. A. Rose, 121 Camp Street If none of the above agencies are in your v RADIO DISTRIBUTING COMPANY, National Radio Supply Co., 808 9th St., N. W. A, KAN. The Cosradio Co., 1725 Fairmount Ave. icinity, communicate with Newark, New Jersey ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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your dealer; if he does not INDUCTANCE us. Catalog sent upon request. Price $3.50 CHELSEA RADIO CO., 15 Fifth St., Chelsea, Mass. CHELSEA Variable Condensers (Die Cast Type) No. 1.—.0011 m.f. mounted...... . .$5.00 No. 2.—.0006 m.f. mounted..... ve 4.50 No. 3.—.0011 m.f. unmounted........... 450 No. 4.—.0006 m.f. unmounted... . 4.00 Top, bottom and knob are genuine bakelite, shaft of steel running in bronze bearings, adjustable tension 01 movable plates, large scale reading in hundredths, high amply separated and accurately spaced plates Unmounted types will fit any panel No. 2 and are equipped with counter-weight Spark Load Coil 3500 meters. Taps are in sion, permitting exceptionally | the longer spark wave lengths. ictance steps. Base and knob ’ apparatus embodies highest de- construction, electrical efficiency rance. THE JONES CABINET LONG WAVE RECEIVING TRANSFORMER THE JONES RADIO CO., 384 Monroe Street, BROOKLYN, N. Y. For DAMPED or UNDAMPED Wave Reception A carefully wound Receiving Transformer with an approximate Wave Length of from 200 to 8000 Meters Equipped with Variable and Fixed Condensers Rheostat and Grid Leak. Fitted to take the latest MARCONI Vacuum Tube. Bake- lite Panel, Silver Plated Switches and Contacts, Mission Oak Cabinet. Entire Apparatus built within Metal frame to permit easy removal. Model “D”, as illustrated, SIXTY DOLLARS, Net. Model “E” fitted with Modern “DEAD END” Switch and High Grade Hot Wire Am- meter, Eighty-Five Dollars net. New Bulletin sent on request. EFFICIENCY ECONOMY ADAPTABILITY Bulletin C-109 on Request Radio Equipment Company 1525 N. FAWN STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. NOTE: We Only Sell Vacuum Valves Licensed Under The Fleming Patents. CONTROL No. 7 ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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ANOTHER ACHIEVEMENT A concentrated inductance much superior to anything yet on the market. No. turns, 25 35 50 75 100 150 175 200 350 500 750 1000 1250 1500 Price, p.p., $.50 .55 .60 .70 .75 .85 .95 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 Special coils to order; taps made at 10c per tap. 200-2,500 meters Pri. No. 200, tapped 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 Sec. No. 500, tapped 25, 50, 100, 200, 350 Tick. No. 200, tapped 25, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150 Price of above group, postpaid $6.00 2,500-20,000 meters Pri. No. 1000, tapped 175, 350, 500, 750 Sec. No. 1500, tapped 350, 500, 750, 1000, 1250 Tick. No. 200, tapped 150, 300, 450 Price of above group, postpaid $7.50 Hard Maple Centers, to fit half-inch dowel, 2 for 25 cents. VACUUM TUBES The letter given below was recently received by us from a responsible amateur. June 10th, 1920. Jensen Electric Company, Chicago, Illinois. Gentlemen :— This is an entirely unsolicited testimonial for the AudioTron. I am weary reading the “paid advertising’ regarding the remarkable results and extreme sensitiveness of certain tubes, when every true radio experi- menter with an iota of brains has demonstrated to his own satisfaction that for sensitiveness to radio signals, the AudioTron has all other tubes beat a thousand ways as a detector. I will grant that certain other tubes I could name have the bulge on your product for amplifiers and transmitters. I do not recommend the AudioTron for transmitting purposes, after exhaustive experiments. But after trying out over fifty other well known tubes of other makes as detectors, put up against over a dozen of your standard tubes of both before and siace the war, I have no hesitation in saying that the Audio- Tron is the only detector on the market today. After ten years of experimenting (I started in at the “coherer” period) I would truly say that if I were starting at the present time, I would junk all receiving apparatus except a loose coupler, a couple of variable condensers and an AudioTron detector. I have seen better re- sults from this outfit than from a modern cabinet containing a detector and two step amplifier of certain other tubes. You are at liberty to use any or all of this letter at any time; without, however, using my name, of course. Yours truly, ‘ PRICES ee es I R®,. . gw 5 oo Sines bao 0b ob a hb ed $6.00 ee ew ow re o welt o'b oPetlebic S16 Ws oS 6.00 Moorhead V.T. Amplifier-Oscillator......................00% 7.00 Moorhead Transmitting tube (150-600 volt).................. 7.50 po a eee eee gr eee 10.00 All bulbs are guaranteed perfect and are shipped post paid. JENSEN ELECTRIC COMPANY 1949 HURON STREET, CHICAGO, ILL. ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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OU Can Do Summer Long Distance ee C.R.L. PARAGON REGENERATIVE RECEIVER. Paragon has solved the summer relay problem these sets, the following is the short wave “log” of station 9ZN, ? Ch r June Sth, 1920. (600 miles)——-8XK, (400 miles) —8ER, (300 miles)—-9ZX, (600 mil miles) —8DC, (300 miles) —8WY, (400 miles)——8IK, (350 miles) K ¢ =) W iSF, 9ZX, 8XK, 8ER, 3NB, 8IK, KO. (Above will be verified on request) Y well if you equip your station with the CRL Paragon. IMMEDIATE DELIVERIES Pries, PARE. GREGG. 6 oc cccccceccvesesees $55.00 ensed under Armstrong U. S. Patent No. 1113149. CHICAGO RADIO LABORATORY 1316 CARMEN AVENUE PITTSBURGH, PA., has a new Radio Supply house carrying a complete stock of every reliable manu- facturer. Prices are right. Drop in and see us. Raphael Electric Company =. at 1405 Fifth Avenue. We are open evenings until 8:00 P.M CHICAGO, ILL., U. S. A. CQ-— > ——-—- QRW ? The R ales Plan which enables all MEMORIZE te gh De CONTINENTAL CODE INST LLMENT PLAN te the , Tour yecblon, of, obtaining ALMOST INSTANTLY usna of cash at one time. The This method THE short cut to success i 6 ‘oom on ra -3 Re — » ap ae ie eee ee COMPLETE CHART way_of pment _for_your cteticn. __ and fall instructions TWO DIMES J. DONALD VANDERCOOK & CO. Cc. K. DODGE : south York Street Box 210 Mamaroneck, N. Y. ELMHURST. ILLINOIS ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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800 Miles on 1-4 K.W. Is the distance claimed by F. M. Prencil (9CF), 174 N. Scoville Ave., Oak Park, Ill. Who will be the first to transmit 1000 miles on this “4 K.W. transformer ? Send your records to this office. Power Factor 91% % K. W. Special. WRITE FOR OUR NEW CATALOG “T-21” Thordarson Electric Manufacturing Co. 501 S. JEFFERSON STREET CHICAGO, ILL. “THE RADIO TELEGRAPHER” Official Organ United Radio Telegraphers Association ROOM 303, 44 BROAD STREET, N. Y. keeps you posted on what’s doing among the commercial telegraphers, and vicinity; also distributors for ductances, Better “B” Batteries, and Endurance Storage Batteries. On Shipboard At Shore Stations At Home and Abroad. $1.50 yearly, U. S. and its possessions. $2.00 yearly in foreign countries. $1.75 yearly in Canada. $0.15 a single copy. “P.W.” HAS THE LATEST Recognized as the largest and best RADIO APPARATUS IN PHILA. We have the “Radisco” agency for Philadelphia Clapp-Eastham, Murdock, DeForest, Acme Ap- paratus, A. H. Grebe & Co., Kilbourne and Clark, Benwood Rotary Quenched, Perfection Variables and Tuners, Universal Wound In- Est. 1911. Radio Call “3PW”" PHILA. SCHOOL OF WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY | | sens ton conte for dacerpuve catalog to Dept. € Pashwey Gidg., Geead Sweet user Asch 900-902 Penn. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. ALWAYS MENTION QS‘T WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS 79

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———— wae =AS A a Saeed we A More Improved INDICATING DIAL This new dial made of same quality and workman- shi» as our famous smaller one, is marketed to full- fill the demand for a dial to fit the standard % inch Shaft. Made of black polished composition with radial lines and figures accurately engraved and filled with brilliant white, Diameter is 3% inches; and x inches thick. Bevelled edge. Knob has set screw to clamp shaft of instrument. Moorhead Electron Relay New Style......... $6.00 3 in. dia With knob $1.30 Moorhead V.T. Amplifier ...............+++- 7.00 otpaid Moorhead Extra Hard V.T...........6..«55. 7.50 3% in. dia $1.00. With knob $1.70 Shipping weight 1 pound. Guaranteed. stpaid Licensed under Fleming and De Forest Patents. OUR NEW CATALOG now ready for distribution contains 24 snappy pages of news a tions of all standard Radio parts, including the above indicating dial. Sent anywhere upon receipt of | Oc. FOR SALE AT ALL RADISCO AGENCIES AND BY A. H. Corwin & Co. 4 West Park Street Newark, N. J. 80 LAST CHANCE To obtainNavy TypeDials Thousands sold last month Since our announcement last month of the sale of 10,000 Navy Type Dials, to amateurs for the first time, over 7,000 have been sold to date. These dials are made of heavy white celluloid, 4” in diameter, highly polished, beauti- fully finished, and artistically engraved with two scales. One scale is divided into degrees; the other is calibrated for writing in station call letters at points at which station is received. Put your set in the commercial class Not only do these dials add dignity and beauty to a set, but they are also a real utility and a necessity for reliable work. Use them wherever you would an old fashioned scale and pointer. Buy today — Tomorrow may be too late ! At the present rate of sale our stock will be exhausted within 30 days. If you don’t need a few now, you will in the near future. So get the lead on the rest—lay in a supply now— while you can. Price while they last 65c postpaid, Complete as described without knob (Stamps NOT accepted) THE C AND S RADIO CO., Dept. USNs OMAHA, NEB. “Superlative Radio Engineering Productions.” ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS = oe oe oe eo

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RUNS ON 110 AC OR DC | CURRENT. 1/10 H.P. | 2,500 TO 8,000 R P M VARIABLE SPEED. 4 SUPPLIED WITHOUT EACH PULLEY. Only a limited supply is available. Place your order now for quick delivery. | DOUBLEDAY-HILL ELECTRIC CO. RADIO DEPT.—DESK A 715 12th St., N. W., WASHINGTON, D. C 719-21 Liberty Ave., PITTSBURGH, PA. , ae aw RE A 8 >) ae a | 6H HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS— Special Summer Courses in Wireless during July and August. i SUMMER RATES to Students Only: Bens WINS. 5c. a clea 04 ....$10.00 per month Evening Course ...... .... 5.00 per month Comprehensive instruction in SPARK, “ARC” and other “C.W.” Transmitters. Thorough instruction in Vacuum Tubes as Detectors, Amplifiers and Oscillators. Study under former U. S. Government Radio Inspector for New England District. A course started this Summer and continued in the Evening school in the Fall will secure for you a first grade commercial license which is a ticket as well as a passport to all foreign countries affording opportunity for foreign travel. With the present high wage scale which will not drop there is an excellent opportunity for providing a means for a college eduction later on MASSACHUSETTS RADIO & TELEGRAPH SCHOOL. 18 Boylston St., (cor. Wash.) Boston, Mass. ARTHUR BATCHELLER R. F. TROP G. R. ENTWISTLE Tel. Beach 7168 3 Sr MER ome _—OSS lr aE Te oT IMMEDIATE DELIVERIES LEADING MANUFACTURERS PRODUCTS WESTERN RADIO ELECTRIC COMPANY ESTABLISHED “FOR BETTER SERVICE TO THE WESTERNER” 512 East Ninth Street, Los Angeles, Cal. ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS 81

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— INTRODUCING — Th B EE JACK AND PLUG”—a miniature plug and receptacle that’s in- expe! id useful. Mods set by using “ARRANBEE JA I PLUGS” where you desire co i rapid changing of con- nect rious circuits—just like a tele hboard. “ARI TACKS AND PLUGS” can be used for connecting in additional] head- set yr closing the “B” Battery-potentiometer circuit, as mountings for Ur | coils, and for many other uses as occasion may suggest. And for most satisfactory, efficient and economical vacuum tube service, use the “STANDARD VT BATTERY”. Refuse the imitation or substitute. “ARRANBEE JACKS AND PLUGS” nickel plated, $1.50per doz. No. 7623 STANDARD VT BATTERY........... $1.35 each No. 7625 STANDARD VT BATTERY...........$2.40 each No. 7650 STANDARD VT BATTERY-VARIABLE, $3.25 each Get these products at your dealer’s or send your order to any dealer distributing “Standard VT Batteries’’. RICHTER & BYRNE, MANUFACTURERS 198 Roebling St., Brooklyn, N. Y. PACEN ECTRIC CO., Sole Eastern Agents, 150 Nassau St.. NEW YORK CITY | (Zz | So llandbook Catalogue | BUILD YOUR OWN Ga. ,Contains much valuable radio in | Wireless Receiving Set ? ribes a remarkable line of wire- ~7 s inst ruments including ‘‘Red You can 4 , ad on nes, — on Tested % / Minerals,DeForest, Ma k and Si > paratus Write for this book coder. — . The Newman-Stern at least .O ST Cleveland, O. $25.00 by buying parts and assembling yourself. (ON TESTED CRYSTALS A, 1y minerals on @ = UES wasn yee . alin Cote y Pa | Think of the pleasure and practical experience TIVS. Bay Arlington you will gain in making your own set, size y tested Minerals. ‘ 16”x8"'x6”, with wavelength range from 170 Silicon, post paid to 2,500 meters. Send $1.00 and we will send you the blue-print and instruction sheets—also prices of all parts. When you order at one time $5.00 or more worth of parts you may deduct this $1.00 from TH NWMANSTERN co. — | | the total. Since the blue-print and instructions alone are worth $1.00 and since we can save you money on wireless material, you cannot possibly lose. So send $1.00 today before this slips your mind and start making your set as soon as possible. Write today and get started | K. & G. WIRELESS SUPPLY CO. __ Dept. 18D, 152 Chambers St., New York City. Best of Everything in Loose Couplers Rad Apparatus and Parts. A Audion Detectors tamp for Catalog “Q” Parts and Accessories I. H. BUNNELL & co. Send 4c stamps for literature which is sure to interest you ee New York J. F. ARNOLD °°? ‘eeictishea'isio ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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MURDOCK NO. 55 2000 OHM DOUBLE SET $4.50 3000 OHM DOUBLE SET $5.50 Mae for long and Userut service in Radio stations where their ) EOE and sensitive 6 ae makes them the Cais of those who = GOOD ’phones. ORDER YOUR SET NOW— Try it out thoroughly. IF IT DOESN’T SUIT, SEND IT BACK AND GET YOUR MONEY Bulletin 19 shows a_ splendid line of the type of apparatus you want. Send for a copy. WM. J. MURDOCK CO. 65 Carter St. CHELSEA MASS. 221 SECOND ST., SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. | SOME NEW Type HBD VACUUM TUBE CONTROL CABINET. $15.00 Complete less battery and tubes. Highly finished wood case with XX Bakelite panel. Metal parts of highly finished nickle-plate. | THE BEST THAT MONEY CAN BUY. DETECTOR AND TWO-STAGE AMPLIFIER TYPE HBA $75.00 This is an entirely new instrument. It is the most up-to-date instrument and is sold at an extremely low price. “MODERN” APPARATUS ARE ALL THAT THE NAME IMPLIES. Complete - - | Elizabeth, For sale at all “Modern” agencies—and Modern Radio Equipment Co. | Designers and manufacturers of high grade radio apparatus. New Jersey. ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS 83

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PSV VVAVrwV°rh_A_ a _u»yuwuwuwWwWwwWwod3i QO Wo» VACUUM TUBE DETECTOR AND AMPLIFIER, AND TWO STAGE AUDIO FREQUENCY AMPLIFIER. ctor and amplifier unit is one of the series of interchangeable for receiving, which the International Radio Telegraph Company turing as part of its new line of experimental and laboratory The two-stage amplifier will multiply signal strength about 350 ts are all of the same size, having 6” by 6%” ganels, and to standard well finished cases, so that they may be combined ted in any way desired. These instruments include detectors, nductances, amplifiers, etc., as described in our various Experi- ratus Bulletins. tor-amplifier is priced at $35.00, without tubes, and the two- er at $42.50, without tubes. Terms—cash with order, F. O. B. WS) fA LVL haa y Department 23 for our new FREE six-page bulletin index. INTERNATIONAL RADIO TELEGRAPH COMPANY 326 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY Wh hthjaant00unn...LLLcA Ve ELL, s S N S S MM OMMMIABWII | AMATEURS DO YOU KNOW? | fe me : — Detector operates; that NEW ORLEANS | you a without a Tresco 20,00 | mete t you hea he od | with M deeded RADIO | eaten 5 woeee, Gee APPARATUS AND SUPPLIES Binding FP Tuners and Cabinets Murdock P Audion. Panels . We : », Murdock, A. H. Corwin - A. RK OSE and th : manufacturer's stock. Just ser he data 121 Camp St. 3 “ARK” RADIO SUPPLY NEW ORLEANS, LA. Send 10c f Latest Catal 97 Hill § Shelton, Conn. ea - ne a wg i THE AMERICAN RADIO SALES PIRACO JULY SPECIALS AND . bates Vorusmp ‘ies. AR poo- SERVICE COMPANY vided w ir Prong Base. ; Siemens Bf acinus Siteal —_ REPRESENTING Moorhead A Oscillator Tube —se ee = . oorhead ttin ube _ d A ores rare f “ os a Leak sonee in Multi-Audi-Fone Tul send and Gent Puneekt og iveless Specialty r rz os i “sar Chicago Radio Laboratory Delayec QUALITY—SERVICE Pittsburgh Radio Supply Co. WE PREPAY POSTAGE Sixteen | ka St., Pittsburgh, Pa. Great American Bldg., Mansfield, O. 84 ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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Fine Clothes May Make The Man but,—highly polished bakelite, engraving, and mahogany cases, do not make the Radio Set ! Have you ever suffered the keenest of dis- appointment when you “opened her up”? While you may have been getting good results, still, does not careless construction and poor wiring detract somewhat from the absolute confidence you must have in your apparatus? Our policy is to sell from the inside, because, we know that our construction is the best. As an example we offer our Short Wave Regen- erative Receiver, which is sold with the distinct understanding that your money will be refunded you are not satisfied Back View General Specifieations:—Ball type Variometers and Vario-Coupler (described in detail in the June “QST"’) Heavy “bus-bar” wiring with soldered connections. Genuine bakelite panel and dials (not composition). Mahogany cabinet. Range 140 to 500 meters. Shipping weight 15 pounds Price. .. ....$42.50 Variometers and Vario-Couplers identical with those used in the above regenerative receiver Variometers , , ; ; $10.00 Vario-Couplers : : be 7.00 Bakelite Dial and Knob pees 1.30 Knob and Pointer .60 Blueprint of instructions sent with set and parts IMMEDIATE DELIVERY. Front View Ohe Radio Shop Bank of Italy Bldg., Dept. Q. San Jose, Calif. Give Your Spark A Chance Our New Rotary allows all of the energy in the closed circuit a free discharge surface. Electrodes are 24, inches wide and ; inch thick accurately shaped on a milling machine. Made with 6 or 12 points for high or low note. You can’t beat the combination of an Acme transformer and our 12 point rotary. Absolutely highest efficient gap ever offered, fully guaranteed. «riced at $50.00 with either rotor. Lit™ ature ready for distribution June first and IMMEDIATE DELIVERIES. Wireless Manufacturing Co. Canton, Ohio _ ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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by the school ; earn large St., FOR SALE dition. W ville, Mass the profit equipment ” You can 85, Hartfor MARCONI! Double FOR : graphite dock tuner $0.75. All Village, FOR SALE starting Thordarson Lake Ave SPECIAI id Fifty t.. Atlanta WANTED Wis. 9Z!I FOR SALE FOR SALI receiving s« Ave., SELL: Gar audion cal Sprouls, 55 BARGAIN phones, la cabinet re pack California iy KW Transmitt:« Tubes, Ph apparatus A Da is Valparais get : Vv flan and guarant Laboratories SALE rod Conr box Murdock rota East 7ist St EXCHANGI R Enfield rifle munition the Roches camera CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS Five cents per w and address m 10th TELEGRAPHY way Accounti Big salaries estab BUSINESS O & sell new 1 K.W unted Cop for succeeding month's issue. Morse and Wireless) and Rail- tickly. Tremendous demand. tunities. Oldest and largest ears. All expenses low—can Dedge'’s Institute, R » free mitter and receiver, Al con- 50 Hall Ave., West Somer- nerville 2581-J. TY De you want a part of e and manufacture of radio sdio concern increasing capital. Write QST, Box No. shares. | and II $6.50 postpaid. $5.00 postpaid. Tested ted offer. The Kehler Radio ist St.. Abilene, Kansas. W transformer coil, $4.00; meter $0.50; double slide Mur- |. Co. sliding plate condenser ~. F. L. Burgess, Central ons Eck rotary converter with sstham Y% K.W. transformer, good condition. E. Cyriax, 219 City Phone Rhinelander 2691. 6,000 meter coupler for 1 K.W. sh. Wm. N. Perry, (9JT) 815 slightly used, post 221 West Peachtree densers, Pierce, ansfor mer. ~ Will trade in or son H. J. Burhop, Manitowoc, ANGE for Graflex Camera: One pe, with 800 rounds of am- i L. Moore, Farmington, Conn. = RADIO LABORATORIES A VV iS EF Mi A Blow at the H. C. L. Until August lst we will continue to sell our No. 30 points, 4 5 x 4 “ plete with %”, % for 30c per dozen—postpaid. Orders filled Send 4c in stamps for circular. The Pacific Radio Distributing Co. Pomona, in rotation. nickel-plated switch beveled heads—com- brass machine screws, California ¥. transmitting set and for list. K. Ross, 60 Warwick step amplifier, $40.00; DeForest $20.00. List free. George can St., Philadelphia, Pa. and P. 11 3,200 ohms transformers, tuner, flat lat helix, 4" x5” plate film Write Edwin Mraz, 2214 5S. il V.T's om Rotary Quenched Panel Receiving Set, Audion Panels, tamp for complete list of used RADI Mutual Purchasers Association save you money on all | WIRELESS APPARATUS | will Write Dept. MUTUAL PURCHASERS ASS'N Comp! With THE llustrated white, back of mounting. est and Test switches, looking, more ent mount. nstead of dial.... 1.50 Pos brings you our loose leaf catalog. vVILCOX LABORATORIES, anel e lat- in panel better effici- and easier to $2.25 Postpaid tpaid tes, No. 8 Moen St., Worcester, 2-4 Stone Street, New York WILCOX INDICATING DIALS Of polished hard rubber, accurately engraved, filled with brilliant furnished complete with knob, and stationary pointer. 3” Diam., $1.50 180° or 90° scale 2” Diam. $1.25 Postpaid TYPE 104 PANEL SWITCH A complete unit for Same Price Dept. H, shaft, O MEN | The | Al2 for details. tension spring, nuts Postpaid Lansing, Mich. ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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OUR NEW FILAMENT RHEOSTAT For Back or Front of Panel Mounting. $1.75 Postpaid 6 ohm resistance, fine adjustment on 4 or 6 volts. 2,” Diameter. Smooth action IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT ! GROUND WIRE Rubber Covered SPECIAL SUMMER SALE OF No. 4 Triple Braid, ft. plus Buy the 100 Ft. a“ $7.00 Wt., 17 Lbs. 100 Ft. 8c. 100 Amp. 600 Volt Lightning Switches, $4. Nation-wide Use of Our 44 V. Variable $3.60 “RB” Battery Means Rapid Turnover and Absolutely Fresh Batteries. Supplied Ready to with Wooden Case and Jiffy Connectors. A Few 0-2% Amp. General Radio at Half Price, $5 Postpaid. Standard VT Socket—$1. Why Our Original AudioTron Adapter Permits Use of your "Tron in a VT Socket, $1.75 Postpaid. Described in Our Bulletin. Adaptors, $1.50 Per Pair Postpaid. Use, Meters Left Pay More? Honey-Comb Coil pom ey Tt Attach to Binding Poets of a Variable Condenser, Insert H-C Coil, Making a Tuning Unit Two Units Make a Loose Coupler, a Third Makes a Tickler Coil One Makes a Wave-Meter RADIO EQUIPMENT CO. 630 WASHINGTON ST., BOSTON, 11, MASS. TELEGRAPHY (Both Morse and Wirel« ind RAILWAY ACCO! ATING taught orougt ! Ki Z are Great opportunities f school: " ’ r i by Telegrap! way. Radio, and Government ficia Exper opportunit Bt arge portior ‘ @ fre DODCE’S INSTITUTE GS Street, Valparaiso, ind. “DON’T READ THIS” If you are NOT interested in improving your wireless set. Our FIXED CIRCUITS will CONDENSERS for stop those mushy AUDION signals. Style No. 1 - $0.65 Send stamp for circulars RADIO TESTING STATION 25 Sturges St., Binghamton, N. Y. Postage extra. [Save $2. 21 Magnolia Terrace, ARCO * AMPLIFYING TRANSFORMER is built on market. Mounted $5.10 Postpaid E. L. LONG for tubes now Gi. F. JOHNSON, 625 Black Ave., Springfield, Ill. QO, THE “ILLINOIS” VARIABLE CONDENSER Hard Rolled Aluminum Plates Three Styles, No. 1. Panel, No. 2. Open Type as shown, No. 3. Fully Encased, Anti Profiteer. Less than pre-war prices. Fully assembled and tested. Sent Prepaid on Receipt of Price. Style No.1 No.2 No. 3 Money back if not 43 Plates, $3.00 $4.00 $4.25 | satisfied. Justreturn 23 _ 2.50 3.50 13 = 2.25 3.25 In Canada 3.75 condenser within 10 3.50 days by insured P.P. 25¢ additional. made by a watch mechanic workmanship. Personally we Amateurs who have from 9ZS. These condensers are schooled in accurate will need no introduction to “listened in” for “time” and “weather” Postscript. We shall have to claim an even wider distri- bution of the “ILLINOIS” this month. Instead of placing our limits from the Penobscot to the Golden Gate, we will say from Shanghai to the Zuyder Zee. Commercial and Naval Operators have discovered us, and we expect Uncle Sam’s Navy and new Merchant Marine will soon be large users of our “best ever” “ILLINOIS”. We again thank our friends for their generous words of appreciation. You will notice a slight increase in our price list, on the “mounted styles only. This will be effective from May first. The fact is we could not quite “get by” with our first prices. The “Star Spring’ features of our design meets with great favor. We shall make this the subject of application for Patent as we think it marks a step forward in the construction of Variables. It has two important functions. It keeps the plates accurately and permanently centered; without “end-shake”; and provides sufficient friction to hold the “rotor” at any setting without liability of its dropping from its position by the unba'anced weight. It makes the Condenser in this respect as reliable as the much more expensive “balanced” type Kindly note: We issue no Catalog, and make no “trade discounts”. We set our prices at the lowest limit, and leave the “middle man” out for the sole benefit of the consumer”. STRANDED AERIAL WIRE “JUPITER” 1%c. PER FT.—$12.00 PER M. 7 strands No. 22 solid copper. The ideal radiator. Strong. Low resistance. Shipping weight 15 pounds per 1,000 feet. Send postage. LEE A BATES Sole 8 Moen St. ° Agent Worcester, Mass. Albany, N. Y. ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS SHORT WAVE COUPLER —170-625 Meters— Wound with 20/38 Litz on Bakelite Tubing, Equipped with DeForest 14,” Used by U. Knob, Brass Pointer and Scale. S. Government in SCR-54 Receiver. PRICE $4.50 UNMOUNTED GOUSE & LORENSON HUDSON, N. Y.

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Radio Products and Personal Service In endeavoring to give personal service to our ever growing clientele, we realize that new and more modern products make for the betterment and improve- ment of radio work and to this end we offer you the latest scientific achieve- ment in radio \UO LATERAL WOUND COILS ma veral different sizes covering every wavelength, these coils ha ered winding and a lower natural period, lower high fre- qui sistance, very low distributed capacity, lower D. C. resistance ar r self inductance, which makes it an ideal part of any set and su] to all other coils for amateur work. Ra neers have made extensive tests of these coils and give them the est recommendations. ORDER BY CATALOGUE NUMBER AS LISTED. WORKING WAVELENTH INDUCTANCE IN MILLI- LIST PRICE ER RANGE IN METERS HENRIES EACH UNMOUNTED 130 to 250 .045 .045 $0.90 180 to 450 .075 .073 1.00 250 to 700 .156 15 1.10 400 to 900 .36 .B4 1.20 500 to 1400 .66 57 1.30 600 to 2000 1.490 1.35 1.40 1000 to 2500 2.50 2.30 1.50 1200 to 3500 4.2 4 1.60 1500 to 4500 6.25 6.1 1.80 2000 to 5000 10.62 10.2 2.00 3000 to 6000 17.6 17.3 2.20 4000 to 10000 25.0 22.0 2.50 5000 to 12000 38.0 35.3 2.70 8000 to 15000 72.8 68.3 2.90 10000 to 20000 116.6 112.3 3.50 15000 to 25000 171.5 162.2 4.00 W arry a large stock of high grade electrical apparatus, in- | c] ery complete line of heating appliances. y ir most courteous invitation to spend a few moments in our s] ow rooms and look over our complete stock. We will gladly s] iny instrument or part you may desire to examine. lit will be ation to you, besides it is part of our service. OUR WORD OF HONOR TO YOU IS OUR GUARANTEE. LET US PROVE IT. i| BLASI, Secy. 6 Warren Street Write Dept. B-2, for literature and price lists CONTINENTAL RADIO AND ELECTRIC CORP. J. STANTLEY, Treas. New York a ALWAYS MENTION QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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NEGIICUT | More Efficient Readings With The CONNECTICUT Variable Condenser You can do efficient work near the ends of the scale if your readings are made in connection with the new CONNECTICUT Variable Con- denser. Its wide range of capacity, its ease of operation, and security of adjustment mark it an important contribution to the science of radio. The simplicity of design means that the best way of doing the thing has been found. Other points of advantage are explained in our booklet “THE CONNECTICUT Variable Condenser’. Send for it. Mention your Dealer’s Name Ba CONNECTICUT 22:22"! COMPANY Bg Meriden onnecticut BAe ews

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Fr i wn a Ih 13 hi li. i! iQ yk onized Symbol of hisnier Performance number of radio stations increases by leaps and bounds so he opportunities for violation of Federal regulations respect- wavelength multiply. The future of Amateur Radio is safe perators respect and comply with the radio law. The of new operators who will not transmit until after carefully the emitted wave, is growing; as is also the number of ex- yperators who realize that the rate measurements leads to struction, is a source of great satisfaction to tent results These ob- the makers, who will zealously maintain the the fact that American high standard of accuracy which guarantees sre approaching the problems each instrument little short of perfect. As the general communication more Amrad Wavemeter is direct reading and re- nscientiously and with a quires no calculations, its operation is simpli- -operation than ever before city itself to the ubinitiated and a, great con- Wavemeter has fulfilled ad- venience to experienced operators. Range, 130- i purpose and won instant 230 meters. . Price a Descriptive Bulletin the busy days of recon- W sent upon request.’ RADIO OPERATORS: Send your station call letters and . & ries @ nearest dealer and we will mail you our catalog now sie "han bulletins for insertion therein will be forwarded you.- Rye = - RETAILERS: Our new trade proposition became effective t month. A request will bring all details and our complete trade catalog. AN [RADIO AND [YESEARCH (ORPORATION Factory and Laboratory Medford Hillside, Mass. Address all Communications to New York. 7 —

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