QST 1916-06: Vol 1 Iss 7

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De American Relay PRICE 96 JUNE 9I6 WIRELESS 4n° tre AEROPLANE. Meetings of the Radio Clubs. ‘S)) wireless COMMUNICATIONS. { ==) INTERESTING RADIO QUERIES AND THEIR ANSWERS THE AMATEURS PROBLEMS. 4 Lke_ — @ ZEOVAZ ; i = — H.R.HICK |

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ZENNECK’S Wireless Telegraphy ot ‘The Book You Have Been Looking For” Experi Hochsch \ Sl Gr " | ‘ 18 pag 24 Gs ™ of I i cK Let i stan ( l a } ia y a “ iG; S American Radio Relay League, Inc. Hartford, Connecticut WAYS MENTION “QST” WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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| | JUN -6 I9I6~ Doigs61627 Volume | JUNE, 1916 Number VII CONTENTS Wireless and the \eroplane Rotten Receiving Receiving NAA over an A. C. Power Line Editorials Amateur Stations (Illustrated) How Tew Mak Itte Radio Communications by the Amateurs Rotary Discs Queries Department For Sale and Exe hange 126 140 14] 144 Congress of March 3, 1879. QS T is published monthly by Hiram Percy Maxim and Clarence D. Tuska, Hartford, Conn. Subscription price: $1.00 per year. Single copies, 10 cents. Entered as second- class matter March 7, 1916, at the Post Office at Hartford, Conn., under the Act of Copyright, 1916, by Hiram Percy Maxim and Clarence D. Tuska

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~~ = es AS ~ ~*~ ~ . Sao SS a = oes othe = =. —* mS: “I AFTER READING “QST”’

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: June Radio Relay Bulletin : Wireless and The Aeroplane THE AEROFAN By L. J. Lesu A paper presented before the Radio Club of America Copyright, 1916 by the Radio Club of America This paper has been presented to Q. S. T. by the Radio Club of America The purpose is to instruct the amateur in |Vireless and its connection with the aeroplane. Mr. Lesh has given us an exceedingly clear description of the problems and the apparatus used. The Aerofan is a means for securing power to drive the radio generators on aeroplanes and it gives us power independent of the continuous operation of the Aerial Vehicles’ Propelling Motors. A new field of Radio Engineering has been opened in conjunction with the Aeroplane and Mr. Lesh describes the first attempts in developing effective apparatus Editor. The problem of the application of radio flying boat order, where the whole machine apparatus to aeroplanes while it offers an is subjected to salt water spray. The attractive and remunerative field to scien- second question is that of vibration, as tific investigators, also presents difficulties affecting the movable parts of meters and which must be actually encountered in order instruments and all material of the regu- to be appreciated. The necessary reduc-_ lar set apt to be crystalized or mechanically tion in weight to be effected is but one of deranged by the peculiar vibratory condi- the important considerations. Actual ex- tions existing on board an aeroplane due periment of this art will require the per- to the operation of the motor or motors and fection of at least two new inventions be-_ the throbbing propellers. fore the aero-radio set can be considered a suceess. oo qune devices are, first: a reliable light and = THE PROBLEM OF DRIVING THE efficient means for driving the generator {Dare a 4] agree - eng GENERATOR of the radio set; second, an antenna or ra- diating system which shall have the proper Lightness, efficiency, simplicity, and free- electrical and mechanical prerequisites dom from the eccentricities or even the total without interfering with the mechanical and stoppage of the aeroplane motor are abso- aerodynamic efficiency of the flying vehicle. lutely essential. The radio generator must spin through all variations in flight and particularly in case of emergency when the plane is forced to volplane to earth with In addition to the above distinct inventive problems, two other new factors must be considered involving modification of radio sets adapted to the ordinary requirements. ‘tS motor dead. The first problem is that of insulation of In studying the evolutions of an aero- high tension portions of the apparatus, par- plane in flight, one very interesting fact ticularly when applied to planes of the becomes apparent. The machine at al! times

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tor) peed upon pport in the al ‘ and all craft eveloped in the eed oft sustentatior rY ‘ per hour ‘ peed of the ig} which it tely the velocity mpulse of the ne 1eropiane may te! put even ‘ tops, the e ways e ot gravity r must } ive ‘ mentioned I eTulness 0 adio as aerofan in its ing more tremendous Che source mw nowevel rY a windam in a propeller. m moving a a al i! i manne i nut on a the air as ily enough \ l the motor through the nary horizontal mitting the energy stored om that de Simon and myself, tested as a solution t connection of f the aero- tor two rea- ige of _ the it s in the An indeper tne generatol litable on veight of small the power pro inreliable oper «<A 1 I 1 such ted as a tactol e of secondary ompressed air aero een found imprac- nical complication Manual operation neans of foot pedals mechanism as used ernment radio sets for

QST

field service, finds no application in an aero- plane where more than one-quarter of a horse power is required by the radio gen- erator. In the matter of weight alone, the aero fan possesses remarkable advantages. An examination of the table and power curve here shown, representing automobile speed tests on a fan weighing bout three pounds, being but 24” in diameter and presenting ynly 140 square inches of blade surface and tructural resistance to the air, makes this fact apparent The automobile tests which developed this data, were of a preliminary nature con ducted in 1912 just prior to the completion and application of the first radio fan equip- ment to an aeroplane. The same generator, a ™ K. W. 500 cycle machine used in the ictual aeroplane set, was tested out in the automobile trials Its maximum speed as letermined by a direct reading tachometer was about 4000 r.p.m. The aerofan driving it by means of a leather belt spun at 1009 p.m. on its ball bearings. Interesting facts concerning the oper- ation of such a device developed even in these early experiments. The gyroscopi force of the fan causing a tendency for it to precess oO! rotats into axi at right ‘ angles to the direction of any turning move ment of the automobile was found to be con- siderable but not necessarily of destructive or disturbing effect with proper design. Examination of the aerofan power curve indicates that the energy developed is not proportional to the speed of translation, but that the curve flattens out considerably as the velocity increases and ultimately reaches a maximum beyond which the development of power in relation to speed produces an automatic preventative of racing or over- loading the generator. A phenomenon of the same kind is observed in the operation of all propellers and windmills, the inter- ference of the rapidly rotating blades at high speed preventing the air from acting to full advantage. It had been anticipated that variations in the speed of translation would make necessary the use of some manner of com- pensator so as to induce a constant powe1 output. One might also expect uneveness in the running of the fan due to operation of the sending key and the consequent vari- ation in load. In practice these factors were found to be negligible. The inertia of the fan and generator was such that load and speed variations with a time period of less than twenty-five seconds, were of no seriou consequence. Actual flying tests with the radiofan were carried out in the fall of 1912 in a Curtiss hydro-aeroplane at Hammondsport, N. Y June, 1916

Le

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June, 1916 QST The instaliation is well illustrated in the trials and changes uccompanying photograph in which it is after the machine r seen that the aerofan is mounted well for ng in the air f n ward in the machine and almost on a level accomplished entir¢ with the top surface. The fan was con untenna. The cour nected to a generator placed below and onsisted of all of t etween the seats of the aviators by a_ the aeroplane suita leather belt run through aluminum tubes . : hich prevented its being blown from th« = — pulley by wind pressure. The key con a — . - trolling the circuit is seen to be strapped with whicl ac plan to the leg of the wireless operatol who in impertect moto} ne very satistacto iesigned tor a peer and at 45 miles al ittained witli on output of the gen watts, wherea at ooling possible fl have been fea ( UU pel ‘ t F ing lransr eve mile \\ € al ng rT Wa esta ] First t e a to ne | 4 mar An wu lisec effect « it tio! ecure é € Me rn I nica é lve me me ight From the perience al ne ire which m no WW le ) ‘ i? i? 1 el rT rr e mentiones eA welgt Pr the h the me um¢ Lest ne i 1 this case M Simor Transform . ue ul quenche park gap with McAdamite plat r the set durir together with suitable inductances and moment Murdock condenser units required in a Nireless 0} t 1 K. W. system, were mounted on a board ‘ ence of 1 placed about four feet behind the aviato1 so as to balance the weight of the gene The eceivi ator and other equipment in front The hece te antenna circuit included a_ Seibt lirect nortable sigt reading wave-meter, an ammete? eading noise. with from 0 to 5 amperes to be seen at th eivine set A udibi feet of the aviators and an insulated ree! igna , a om which could be dropped some 30 ver 20 7 feet of stranded bronze wire. This wire ind with t let down from the aeroplane as a suit eed limited ible altitude was attained and tuning as t ane moto! The wavelength and resonance was accomplished motor wa fy by varying the length suspended A lead head in the weight of stream-line form weighing 3 Il vhich terminated equipped with a sheet metal directional vane .ctual transmission t held the wire in approximately vertical were accomplishe: direction below the machine without appre ciable swaying during flight. The coup \ he rec ing of the set was ascertained Dy severa ertical, and tne ad to be made h eartn Tu at ! WV me; of ; n this system portions of tovether made with thi the low speed iccount of ar ittained were ( il had eel m il ho f pee ( the OW the « elle? . ! at i t ] rom aiti i | wavemete eT oT f i! a ¥ the } el! vine the , , { : VM S. Ro The no es} 1 4 \ k Ni e inco ’ i 1oO?T it Ul t 1er¢ on wi ry mel! ong distance

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125 aer downwards, it was inter- he decrease in audibility ap} the aeroplane was over the and the two capacity ele- mer nd receiving came to be As a matter of general ob- 1 seem highly advisable vl ne is to communicate with a st vy, that the antenna of the pla aused to float out behind rated in a horizontal dis- e wings or fuselage of the QST June, 1916 being at present planned and constructed, having wings spread of over 100 feet, it will be quite practicable to place the trans- mitting instruments in the centre of the machine with radiating wires of equal length, extending out horizontally along each wing structure. The relatively low efficiency seemingly inherent in aeroplane radio equipment is due to the fact that the radiation is purely in the nature of that from a Hertz oscil- lator, there being no infinite ground capac- ue machines of the order’ ity as in all land and water stations. | | } | | - fad : | \ \ _— —+——_ — = —— AEROFAN POWER CURVE R4aiuncw 8 BLADES FAN oo 200 300 400 Soo 600 700 ge00 Warrs ITEMS OF INTEREST BA SCORES BY WIRELESS. has made arrangements eball scores by wireless. he National, American and games will be flashed y Gustave Werner of Lynn, M Verner is a member of the An Relay League and his sta- s of thirty miles. The re- 1y’s games will be sent out wit ments of the Lynn Evening Ni ‘clock each evening. The closing of the games may delay the scores a little but they will be sent out as near six o’clock as possible. UNITED STATES COAST GUARD SERVICE. Myron Tong, Electrician, informs us that there are two vacancies on the cutter, Semi- nole, paying forty dollars per month and clothes and board. If any of the readers are interested, they should apply to Captain Dunwoody, Coast Guard Division, New York. i ; 4 | 2

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June, 1916 OST

Rotten Receiving

N tl t mber of QS I read a ve etter orr antenna We bought three of pointed article on “Rotten Ser ’ tne yngest sticks of hard pine the biggest [he Old Mar i. wee = weed eu mbe1 ird in town had We bolted thes« - etnel and they “overed the entire lot and fas inspired me to write 1 on We had no idea they were going to be so a Rotten Receiving ecause I am havi might ong. The problem of up-ending more e rece ng than The Old Mar them gave me a cold chill. After studying ‘ m sending. Listen to this tak he situatio1 we called in a pole rT woe ette who |} ation of being abl« I began witl three slide tun , natch a pole and stick it in . stra f coppe! e take e ground turned your back : - oft & e lamp 2 ight out a thing he called a “gin ho nto a board nailed to tI e.” He set this up, and caught hold of ¢ . where he nail | , WA new pole an tl latter almost bent re We th we came 1 a It pretty nearly stumped the ex +4 fellow up at the cor é it he got it up finally after com f K ‘ WwW found t ‘ ’ ‘ ruining the eautiful hedge betwee! é ipm as not quite sensit ' g t and our neighbo and starting a Ag ; : tl another neighbor over using hi ie tened | tne noney* ton¢ pit as a fastening for the g ly wire ing Triend wi! rt} I e was a wonde!l T le enough, li { mM ‘ pie W far from bem i nign a we expected, ne e on N ecause the pole expert insisted upon using the primary and ! Ips eet of iluable length in a hole hi ‘ . Vas = big . I it Just tl ame it looked like whe the del enti the real thing Ww put up the longest t tact with one of the W eaders ever heard of in this locality, and ‘ ea ney wert U . \ trung a tne copper wire we could ! tation ending then Ww iff it 1\V We used porcelain cleats for ir er i We decided at onc tC we te and a modest little bundle of . RGlO Sates ahd Beom é 7 i our wrist for a lead . ‘ ens¢ ignt s ie We rure we were going to get every ng va We applied I IS thing i? ne il yhnen we got this é Se nd Grade Amat tatio - e 1 { which req i ase ir time we tried this outfit we Wh. ; ed ite i , adia i 7 g t il tning ) t 1 it at all It he ‘tee wenn fm the 7 " mplete and abso te failure It ‘ e that some ki ending — . we panes swe 6 Ate pa nee sae We ect hut ‘ not know it We vhich i : : i ne I liation i a et dow! er yg pnd a hauled them up again, al Sys 7» aaa Regan yap ered the nts alr onnected the wir > : — an ‘ tne it he far end, and wore out the ; eee cellar poiled the low torch, and had durit | three ‘ which | ‘ ed . = ; 66 = : - t that . me h was that the antenna wa all rignt = ; rst The trouble wa vith the detecto W ‘a , : pe ve l , it ; v7 nad omehow oO other gone on the I rte ! vanting ette tning - ‘* aes Reon lf oe “<1 a Our young friend ther suggested that . , - . vhat we needed was a! Audion instead of hem i minerai Ther we egal to suffer to! iw t r tine larrowing detal Vant ol in Audior In those aay vettir ending set so wt ould get Audions cost mone} yr at least it seemed mu noise into the ethe we made 1 high price to pay for a piece of wirel r tio! May when my nerve paratus Nowaday We jon’t even choke I write you about then They w t three times the price, which shows how . ma 1 cry The loose couple! ea us t ] idea have changed regarding iaying

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n amateur wireless ents, the Audion a1 the husky loos« we were up at the i few minutes). We und the detector did For about a week time. Then some fellow allowed a vity. This was a to swallow In ow vy he was right. We ld not buy this nor in a paper bag ‘ P o get it, was to something new to ourself into belie iy it. This time ers. After a while d bought some vari was going to give were to get greate t} the selectivity ables in on the pri the old “he” couples it down our signal! vyNnat the y were before nes he disconnecte I used the phones, I le insisted they were for them, insisted we began suspecting it critically by the tl time, we always er things to suspect. n insulators on the the place where the the wall. Another the near end of the receiving instru 7 this be fore mer one per cent. . id get the pig Na nut we never co the New York 0 amateurs. There 1 of a cloud over u engths were cor tely rebuilding , the tting In a mast in a 1 most scrupulou ‘ : ising anaes it we were exact Our receiving wa 1 loose coupler with Finally we got a test thing that skill, money could produce, is, and after much QST June, 1916 trouble got it connected up. The old “he” loose coupler, which by the way, had had taps put in its secondary, and a new ball bearing sliding contact on the primary, was put away, we thought for keeps. When we tried this new outfit, we got results about one-third worse than our previous worst. This was very encouraging, so we yanked out the new coupler and sent it back with complimen and asked to have the money refunded We put back the old rute in its place, and when we got down —~ to testing it, found that it also was deader than the deadest thing o earth More trouble. The new coupler was not to blame it all, and we never had the nerve to tell the poor fe vy who sold it t the naked od and it had a good record T+ ooked for some months, but there seemed nothing else to ispect The new ] orrowed irom ¢ ! oung friend wa ist as rotte! ours, a yet over at his station he told about hov t would bring wu Key West so id that 1 had to go down in the cellar and hid n a coal bin to prevent its rup- iring vo ear drums Maybe, his state ments were not quite so strong as this, but they were ome strong, it seemed to us The flas! ont matter iT the Audion then had to come out, and when they did, we flung them across the street New ones were put in and we found the net result was just about the same The improvement was, conservatively speaking, approximate V ero. The , we hough t might pe a good scheme te end the Audion back to the maker and have more taps put in the flashlight ! 11t. Wed tn ind the net result wa ! tent with previous net re t nam¢ am Then we decided we wo 1 chuck out the whole blooming detector an uy a rand new DeForest We did tl f ng bank- iIpteyv n the meantime When the new de tor ume t was nice and shiney. and had the new graphite r tance in the B Battery cult a ] we expected our oubles ‘ that we W ild now hea tne distal imateul which the other fel- lows claimed they easily got every night. The first time we stened ir ve were quite é ited In a moment we discovered that the net re t was still consistent, namely, the same We could get amateurs thirty miles away, but they were faint and hard ‘ to read while others got-them strong. There seemed nothing to suspect now, but the old coupler, so we hustled around and bought another new one with a dead end switch in the primary. This looked like the real stuff, and when it came to be

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June, 1916 hooked in Again, however, the same old we again expected to get things. result net We were now getting both desperate and mad, so we busted loose and tried one of the new tubular audion bulbs. This came in due season, and expected another con sistent net result, but H believed there would be something doing. There wa The first time we put the phones on, we heard a roar of stations which we had never heard before at any station we had er visited. The long search had ended the big noise to th We were happy, we got Queen’s tasti Such a lot of QRM we had never imagined. And it was all because we had a run of luck on bulbs. It had re lted in our fixing up the details of ou LM! it just the ame it had eel a lor d hard road But now, com«¢ the same old_ trouble We are of these 500 cycle signals on ave lengtl from 600 to 2500, and send ng the same old kind of stuff about wher he e going to ship bolts, and castings etc., et What we want are the amateurs no a from 2ZUU to oVU miles away and ending wave ngths between 450 and Receiving NAA Over Press News and Time Signals ars (By Walter HI ompal diagram may bh il to amateurs wh« ire inadit erect a ecelving intenna The of the ordinary ip parat ind y means of the nnectior he é A.C. line may be used a ne é Condenser C-l 1 | ed WU I the powel line This cor lense ‘ built of fou heet f+ e} ited by waxed pap In tl nnection, the writer is using Mignor 4 receiving transforms tw ‘ lensers, home-made Galena dé ect i pair of Brande Superior Phone Very little difficulty is encountered ett NAA in Sheboygan, Wis., with h the power line as an antenna Mar umateurs may already know that 11 olt e may be utilized as an aerial i the ception of short distance message it to hear NAA very piainly at night or this type of antenna and at a distance of over 6 miles is quite out of the ordinary The wave length of this antenna in thi parti ar eems to be 200 meters By ur serting the fixed condenser C-l in series QST 128 200. These are just as much in the back ground as they ever were. Therefore, we are still wanting something we cannot get We now suspect our station ought to com« out of the attic and go down into the cellar, so as to have a short ground cor Somebody thinks our loose coupler are the cause of trouble. The oupler is wound for receiving long wavs and we are told that cannot get effi iency on short waves unless we have an nection. ses our we antenna whose natural period is_ below these waves, and a receiving transformer which has only enough wire on it to tune ip to 500 meters. Another expert says we must keep changing bulbs because some will distant signals better than others, although they may be the reverse as to nearby signals. We are trying to get into the amateur relay game and must be able to work long distance amateurs. Up to late, we are all to the good on long wave lengths, but our receiving of short ones i recelve ist as rotten, as it ever was. And our an tenna is only 90 ft. long with a 50 ft. lead in, and a 50 ft. ground connection. Has any one anything to suggest? An A. C. Power Line of 635 Mil ( opied Over a Distance A. Meyer.) with the antenna circuit, the hum is entirely eliminated.

DP a, a ——— _ Editors’ comment Amateurs who ex veriment along these lines will find them elves in a rather dangerous field and had est take careful precautions in the face of the dangers which they might encounter Through the receiving hook-up, the ines may become grounded and other mors known to powell erious things have been take place The Lighting Companies certainly do not wish to have their lines tampered with.

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129 QST June, 1916 EDITORIALS vy and ne to print OS] t and pu ] 1! ou going to a ed and call it off bore down on ou hed a b ‘ type the eye (J ‘of the lestior ig sigh and writer ana for a full ist between same thing ip and we pers which opera down rash it t Ww now T { ‘ ‘i ‘ ‘ on was weath we W no u } > 2e mm ome o interest ey not Ww chair to sit out have been ed a fiers of April up There. ha erce te ara , we hat +} e and Wa But thi a mile and whether i er and ou ere a little it, which of the deadly n the curve ject the le all interest although of n operating in the sub ant to know in a general way there is a lot go- as winter? Do I touc +h with im- ind sending and and er did? with the pot boil what doesn’ ’ And would ir subscrip- ing? land take immer rest ome one wr t waste h ided that they ought to have how what they would do, and lecide for them. This meant tting out a June issue and ee ik, up to the crowd to decide and ssult. If the droop is overcome rs come in at a_ frequency near that of a condenser dis- it was easy, and we would put fan in the closet and hire the a couple more months. If eeps the upper hand, then we lige we are licked, and we 1 once again for the printer’s a try at a job waiting at some or driving an auto truck for » doesn’t know any better than time hiring us. she stands, fellows, so keep and do what you can to help. not sent in your subscription have not paid your an- me one to loan you a dollar QSR ecause we may b¢ QRL QRU me you read hes« lines. WESTERN TRUNK LINE REPORT. ~ en yy I} ; ’ i l y weatnel ona ery great su aveled part report I have been regular ages on Monday and but on account of bad litions, I have not met with ecess. Several messages have way and usually I can count iny message getting at least as far as {(jhio. on acco int of the splendid work done Mrs. Candler, of St. Marys. One of the been given to which I gave The messag low S: hardest tests that could have any relay operator was that in my message of April 24. e was in code and read as fol-

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June, 1916 To all relay stations: Vex msg tray on April vine vex. 9IK. Translated into English this is: a aie : “ ; 73 in the fifth message on the 24 of April 9IK. My old stand-by, 8NH, copied this mes age through static which was as bad as can e Imagined Many other messages got part way on 4 ne route or the other, but none went clear through to the end of the lines. Th lay operators have not been dis- ourag‘ y these reverses, but are still gg iway as best they can. One man, n} r, finding that he was not get e the test messages, when a whole route lependant on him, purchased a new re- é fe t in order to help us out. On acc t of the fact that communica ecoming very difficult and erratic, e many of the operato of im portant ela station are preparing to go he summer, I have decided, with al of Mr. Maxim to discontinue he sendil of test messages after the 25th May, starting in again next September ame stations and routes as are operation. Many of our operators 2 I > commercial operators and will soon ese heir amateur sets for the less excit- ng work with the Marconi Co. Among are 2IB, 9NN, 9JT, 9GY, 8NH and the tel Others are leaving for the summer month wr will not be able to operate their ‘ be ise of local conditions. Among est e 9BD, TBD, 8JX and 9XN. It will e apparent that relay work could not be without these stations, without tl I ition of entirely new routes. Soo! do this, I have decided to post- ‘ work until next winter, when we with renewed vigor and with ige that we can do cross-conti- worl y actual te Mathews, Dist Manager. I have noticed several sending records i . QST lately and thought you might find room 0 st mine in some corner. I have very ecel eceived a letter from Mr. Camp- ell, TBD, of Lewiston, Montana saying that | as heard me there many times He is located one thousand three ( nile Irom me CoO A HINT FOR RADIO CLUBS. \ short time ago, the Editor of QST re ed opy of the Rules made up by ~ e Hoosi« Radio Club. These rules were QST 130 printed on a sheet of cardboard which any member of a Radio Club would be glad to tack up on the wall. The most noticeable rule pertained to operating hours. Special times were set aside for tuning, long dis- tance work, city work, etc. The hours of the day were divided up into periods which would not conflict, and this gives the ama- teur who is interested in long distance work an opportunity to try his skill. Then we all know how irritating it is to have some one start testing at the very critical point when one is copying a message from a long. distance amateur. There seems to be no need of this and with the cheme adopted by The Hoosier Radio Club much of the needless QRM is gotten rid of Besides being troubled with testing, one knows how angry one may get when two amateurs persist in talking an _ hour o1 more at a time about nothing, or perhap the color of a girl’s eyes and sometimes the cost of a ten cent screw-driver. This is another thing which the rules of The Hoosier Radio Club try to do away with. This is fixed by limiting the time of con- inuous communications. These rules affect no hardships on any- one and at the same time improve the con- ditions of radio communication. The Editor would like to suggest some general scheme of this sort being effected by all the Radio Clubs. OO THE AMERICA. On May 12th, at Columbia University New York City, The Radio Club of America RADIO CLUB OF held its regular monthly meeting. A very interesting and instructive evening was spent in listening to Dr. John Stone Stone who lectured on “Fundamental Considera- ons in Oscillating and Resonance Cir lits. The question of amending the re strictive wave length regulations now in force was brought up. 3efore long the authorities will probably enter into a care- ful discussion of this subject co MIAMI WIRELESS ASSOCIATION. The amateurs of Miami, Florida, have started an organization called The Miami Wireless Association. At present the club boasts of a membership of fourteen. The officers are, William A. Marsh, Pres., Sey- mour Dane, Vice-Pres., Howard Henshaw, See. The officers hold Government licenses ind the majority of the Club belong to The

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An iy League. The Club mer ’ regularly and think glad to get in touch vit and their Clubs. The Se L a ee a ae oe oo MISS LEY RADIO ASSOCIA- TION, the Missouri Valley R vas organized. The \ 1 membership of over idily growing. Minutes u h the Radio Clubs in La 1, Kansas. rs in securing efficient ‘ irchased a wave meter | among the members “ ining up their sets. A as also been estab efit of the members \ s which are found is QST Age, The Wireless V ectrical Experimenter TI E. Wilson, Pres., Tate \ H. Alfred Fowler, Si ore, Treas., and H. A. Re n All communica- t sed to the Secretary Kansas City, Mo. at R Bivd.. (LL BOOKS. f the long talked of e Secretary has found t me forward and admit that to be no such thing.” Wi g along at headquarters f new Call Book, but our Call Books will only bt, and not only that, irs and League mem- he need a List of Stations had a thousand books pri ing them for over a yea e still a large quantity ( to show conclusively that members do not want a be gh printed to supply ea e, but only half of the men irchase. And then we wert ell the books at such a la vecame so old and an- ve seemed to have been org the time when there was VW nd these remaining call ho aluable in themselves, ar ive them know, they con- tair ts of information which are wing. Of course, much of ti r since been useless, but the location of a large published. the } ars QST June, 1916 number of the League stations. We want to help the League members and are now willing to give these books to all who apply if they will send five cents which covers the cost of the envelope and mailing. We trust everyone will understand that these books are not being sold, but are being given away as they are out of date and that the five cents is merely given to pay the mailing cost. The message blank pads which went with them are still up-to-date, as neet a message form as can be found anywhere. We have had a fresh supply of _ these printed, and as formerly, they sell at ten cents a pad. oo LOS ANGELES AMATEURS FINED FOR RADIO VIOLATIONS. On March 23, 1916, four amateurs, all residents of Los Angeles, Cal., appeared be- fore Judge Oscar A. Trippet of the United States District Court, entered pleas of guilty to Federal indictments returned last December, charging them with operating radio stations without first having obtained licenses from the Government. Fines were imposed by Judge Trippet and the offenders were admonished to be more cautious in the future. Trial of two other amateurs who pleaded not guilty has been set for next July. The maximum penalty for the above violation is a fine of $100, and im- prisonment for a period of two months. OO BOSTON AMATEUR PENALIZED. On April 19th, 1916, the Radio Inspector at Boston, Mass., reported an amateur in his district for violation of Sections 1, 3 and 7 of the Act of August 13, 1912. The case was referred to the United States Dis- trict Attorney for prosecution. A _ verdict of guilty was rendered in the District Court and a fine imposed. The maximum penalty for the above violation is a fine of $500 and confiscation of the apparatus unlaw- fully used. co INSTITUTE OF RADIO ENGINEERS. The monthly meeting of the Institute of Radio Engineers was held May 3rd in the Engineering Society’s building, New York City. The President of the Institute, Pro- fessor A. E. Kennelly of Harvard Uni- versity, and-Mr. H. A. Affel, presented a very interesting paper on “Skin Effect Re- sistance Measurements for Conductors at Radio Frequencies up to 100,000 Cycles per Second.” Data was given on a number of highly valuable practical measurements which were made on solid and stranded con- ductors of various shapes and sizes. The results have a direct application in the art and one would do well to secure a copy when

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June, 1916 To make “QST” the magazine which you want and need, we must have a large numver of pictures of wireless stations. These illustrations bring suggestions and ideas to you. Ina picture you may see a better way to arrange your set, a shorter- lead connection, a new oscillation transformer, an ideal condenser. All these things help to improve your set, increase your range, and develop your ability as a Relay Station. If you have a photograph, send it in today. This will help you and your fel- low amateurs. If you can write a short description, do that too. Don’t think your set is not as good as the other fellows. QST, QST, QST, QRU? QRU? QST? Radio Station 8AEH The accompanying illustration was sent to us by Mr. Donald W. Balson of Oberlin, Ohio. The illustration is clear enough to 1TH Here’s a set out of the ordinary owned by Mr. Manuel, Newport, R. I. No descrip tion was furnished and we are leaving this o our readers, who can doubtless tell about the set and the apparatus from the pho tograph. The central object seems to be a pancake type of inductance which is built with extreme neatness. President Wilson’s photograph is near the set and we are glad to have him with us as the Editor thinks he would make a first-class amateur. Come, amateurs, let’s work together, perhaps, scme day we can relay a message for Our President. show the receiving apparatus. This set has done exceptional receiving from amateur stations and we are informed that the fol- lowing stations were heard on Galena: INN, SIT, 9DB, 9BD, 9FY, 9AGJ, 9AY, 9LO, 9QB, 9SP, 9PK, 9AAB, 9BC, IZL, 2SX, 3NB, 3UF, 5BJ, and several others at a nearer distance. Mr. Balson tells us that his receiving re- ults two seasons ago were comparatively poor. At that time he was using a me- dium size loose coupler. This year he in- stalled a loose coupler of much smaller di- mensions and immediately his receiving range went up. The owner of this loose coupler strongly advocates the use of a small loose coupler for short waves with a large coupler for longer. One can get an idea of the size by comparing the loose coupler in the photograph with the Blitzen wave meter near it.

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133 QST June, 1916 ; A Set in Anglesea, N. J. k, 1-2 Kw. Thordar- ba rular wireless key a s ‘ find these very good . urn) a home made : ‘ ‘ and a series con- ‘4 SPRY - . + . wave. ing a \ ng coil, loose coupler ; ae ‘ B rborundum, Galena detectors. With ers, key and trans- me made. W Braidwood, Anglesea, N. J. A Wireless Outfit I outfit and not an the map again. The Southern and Gulf t first sight. the cditor States were rather backward in wireless ' it tric cn clusging work, but with a few more stations like iCK lhis weeny Bes -— 4CK, they will soon take their place and = en we learn that ©. W. then the “8-fellows” who are so famous for : ( er, succeeded in helping ‘ Birthday Message. their long distance work, will have to im- a Go Carolina is coming on prove.

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June, 1916

QST

A Time-Receiving Outfit

This photograph illustrates the re ing and sending apparatus owned by M W. O. Horner, a jeweler and optician ir Cleveland, Tenn. Mr. Horner furnisl the readers of the May QST with a diagram of the connections used in the receiving ci cuit. As shown, a triple audion i A Panel Set Owned by Mr. R. Chartener A well constructed receiving set is showr in the accompanying picture which is neat self-explanatory. The audion i ed a crystal detector is also shown in hook-up. This appears to the right phones and is very sensitive. The loos: coupler is operated through a slot in the panel and proves efficient as well as neat The seven point switch on the right cor trols the voltage for the audion while the peaker ee “© at “2 ¢ _ e-e ao 4 re J — ee oe: "9" 4 so, © 6 Ns ie e

th a two step Multi-Audi-Fone and a loud connected to a three foot horn High powered stations have been heard a transmitting set distance of two city blocks. The is of one kilowatt ipacity and was furnished by Clapp-East ham Company.

1S located at 47 Allen Ave., » just above moves the rheostat. This Pitts-

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QST June, 1916 An‘ Efficient Amateur Set yf 29 Morris Ave., the owner and he description: readers may be in- eceiving apparatus, I of a set constructed (2ZE), Leonia, N. J. cribed as follows: A ng receiver, designed m with the operating iudion detector. The es resistance contact as possible by in- iometer type. The tances are especially osses are entirely ally three separate the receiver a range 3,000 and 3,000 to makes the set adopt- continuous oscilla- extreme selectivity ym ten to 100° times is ely on the length of ‘hrough the amplifica- the signals of a on may be brought in loud enough to rise above interfering sta- tions. This has been done with a two-inch spark coil in New York City (30 miles dis- tant) and no trouble was experienced in reading his signals to seven other stations operating within twenty-five miles of here on powers varying from 1-4 to one kilo- watt. Signals from amateurs in Philadelphia, Scranton, Pottstown, Baltimore and Wheel- ing, West Virginia, are copied in broad daylight. We work 3AFA at Abington. Pa., about 85 miles away at any time of the day. We have also worked 110 miles. On freak nights, messages are copied from Nebraska, Kansas, and the Dakotas, in the West, and from Carolina and Georgia on the South. Of course, these are all amateurs. One night, not long ago, we heard SAB calling DDF on 600 meters. This was a freak, as the signals faded after a short time. SAB is Gothenberg, Sweden, while DDF is a German ship probably in the Bal- tic sea. We can copy at any time, the fol- lowing stations; Darien, Panama, (arc), NAR (are or spk.), NPL, San Diego, Cal., (arc), KSS, South San Francisco, (arc),

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QST 136 June, 1916 Helia Point, Hawaii, KHX (arc), Ket, Bo tant stations, the U. S. A., must have slight- nas, Cal. (spark) Glace Bay and Cliftor ly inefficient apparatus. The are sets seem Island, as well as Elivese, and Nauen, Get to be inferior to the German arcs, as our man\ tations frequently break down in the midst of transmission, whereas we have never been interrupted in this way while copying German station. We have two antennas, one 400 feet long and 60 feet high, while the other is 80 feet and 65 feet high. The log book shows wee | ae tations a me ated DY EDITOR’ e ited Sti 3 vave ‘ngtns varying . . a age ward, ~ pleasure of visiting this station and he from 600 to 6800 meters; NAA, NAD, . NAW. NAP. NAT. NAR. NAO. NAJ. NBA wishes to assure the readers that the re oars Peg yl in " Ae = ilts were very remarkable indeed. The S NOTE: The Editor had the a and NAN : - - NPL al NAM. most impressive thing in the operation was [If we may judge from the difficulty thes« the amplification and selectivity shown by Government stations have in working dis the regenerative audion. Wireless Station 910, Owned and Operated by Lee Henry Bennington, Kansas The chief interest in thi tation lies iz also wound and the whole presents a rather the fact that all the apparatus, with th imposing and business-like appearance at eption of key, telephone, and gap, is the same time resulting in the highest de- ome made. The owner, Lee Henry, find gree of efficiency. The high potential mpossible to read the newspaper transformer has an input of 1 Kw. and a yving to defective eyesight, so he has di econdary voltage of from 16,000 to 20,000. igned and installed the set for the expr Since this photograph was taken, an audion purpose-of receiving press, time and weat! has been added which makes it possible to er reports. hear during day time, those stations which be were formerly heard only at night and un- a: rhe hook-up is made with polished bra der most favorable conditions with a sili- with which the oscillation transformer i con detector.

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QST June, 1916 ‘io Station of J. G. McCollon, Salt Lake City, Utah This photograph shows a station in Salt Lake City, Utah. J. G. McCollon is the owner. The sending apparatus is in the right hand part of the picture and is con- nected with good, heavy leads, which are perhaps a little longer than necessary. The receiving set, on the left, has all the desir- able qualities of an efficient set. The Sending Set of Lindley Winser Radio Station 6VZ is illustrated by the ’ accompanying picture and the description which was sent to QST by Mr. Winser. A Packard 1-4 Kw. transformer is used with an input of 440 watts. A glass plate con- denser immersed in transformer oil gives very good efficiency. The aerial loading in- ductance is for sending on a wave length of 425 meters, but as the station is not yet permitted to work on this wave, the induc-

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. June, 1916 QS circult The long ance shown is not in the lead in the fore-ground does not belong to the oscillating circuit SHORT CONNEC TIONS ARE THE RULES THERE. i ne ition 1 lo ted i Bake held, Ca I I we inital The owner hold l rrade Commercial License and trv ng to ] iade the Radio Inspect hat Sire | ens vi i not be n place a VI V\ he Oo estal ish mmunil h 7ZH that he can form a ri writer tell l tnat é ! é no connecting nk be é I I Oregon and California. T 138 Mr. Winser writes “As far as I have been le to learn the Washington’s Birthday MSG. from 9XE never reached California account of this. difficulty and othe messages from the East have no better luck. I hope the League rTOW and QST will continue trong a they th The grea in Hoquiam, Wash lls me |] amperes. e covered 1s iDJ miles, but 7ZH, nearty always copy 6VZ 680 mile tel] One of the Special License Stations ? Bowen of 1ZF sends 1 illustratior thi Kw hytone which ha been in only DO A WeCK. Up to the presel! me, 2 mies 1 the farthest distance cov Murd pnone Hanover, Germany. \n umbrella type aerial is suspended from mast 70 feet high. On the right of the re is a receiving set for undamped Nearly all of the are stations in this country have been heard, as well as a ew foreign ones, including Nauen and IZF Bel Anyone hearing notify H. C. Bowen, 168 Fall River, Mass

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pparatus ion set. June, 1916 A League Station (2CW) of this station, needs no description. A great many Mr. Frank M. Ham (2CW) of Cornwall on-the-Hudson wishes to help out QST with the accompanying photograph. The first shelf shows the regular receiving outiit which tunes up to 3,500 meters. Above this, on the upper shelf, is an Armstrong con nection with a tuned wing circuit rhe n.iddle of the three coils shown is the tuning inductance. The apparatus on the top shelf is home-made with the exception of small variable condenser. Mr. Ham requested the Editor “not to ru, it in too much about long leads as the connections were only temporary.” Wher everything is fixed up, the stray wires dis- Efficient stations. appear. work is done with ama Leul Radio Station 9GY, Mattoon, Ill. amateurs are heard and 4DG comes in es- pecially fine. The transmitter pulls 1 Kw. on high

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June, 1916 QST 140 power with a spark frequency of approxi apparatus is arranged so that no lead is mately 250 cycles. The close circuit is cor over ten inches in length. I would be glad nected with No. 4 Packard cable, which i to hear from anyone who has copies my composed of 133 strands of No. 25. The _ signals. How Tew Mak Itte he How tew Mak itte dept lenthwize. Thiss iz mowntid awna swivvil cair Kew Ess Tea. an izz wurct uppan doun bi a lil snivvy ona moetir az shone. The cattapilloe kinneks Dere mister sur: thuh slabz uv sillyecum (oar mollybendite) ;, in tawe abowchir multippil poyntz—Yea Heerza lil inpruvemir t i thaw ippe awl Roebottim! Thiss iz cawld the cattapillow thu renound 66 rictoa letectit” ‘ ‘ : n h I ind Kriste oy I a ore karpit sweepil detectit. an thuh catta pholloze pilloe woant phawl awph becawz the phree- , ewensea uv the oskilliating bord cachez Getta jewsee cattapliiow in gud health em atte eech end uvtha stroac. Tue bitts, an puttim awn topova borde wich hez bit nlee treetid a folloze: Goo a lars iv schela awn itz toppe-seid an them sprae it with ay Yoorz trooli. micks-chure of choppt galeena an munched illycum, leeving a crac doun the middl Aich Kliphitt. w e Phan Moetiv attap. - - > aes x j “_ %, ~"# 7 c ° . r A e/3 Zs >" } rde ; . - 7 ok som Baie ” og - ) k.* ~ ; - — , r dia fr .- vc a New. DIT ~DA-DA-DA-DA : LONG DISTANCE WORK IN MAY. t h) Despite the reports which say long dis rrinder. Apparently was bad at the ince work impossible for amateurs du Ohio end, but by QSZ communication was ing this part of the year. we are informed held After concluding with SNH. Mr. y Mr. Weiss of Port Washington, L. lL, Weiss heard 9TC, (Fort Wayne, Ind) and that at 1 A. M. on May 13th, he heard 8NH vorked with him for five or ten minutes and upon calling she answered. For half The same evening, I heard 20Z communi- ; an hour, clear communication was estab tion with 8CS. I thought this was rather lished and there was but little static on the good work for May Let us hear from Eastern end excepting an occasional others”—J. Weiss, 2FH.

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R Wi ele ‘ June, 1916 » Communications by the Amateurs Bal eld , ul onductive irtace l above | th, tne ies l the « ipacity of the er: col ently, the electric wave between ma i! worl l he two surfaces of different di tomes apart i WwW the im epend ipon the temperaturé With the ' are fading higher temperature of daylight, the signal wath th = hould me corresponding], weake thar \) | pal when the conduct ng face ; ; —— aimost gether as at night when the temperatur ween, Toolisn falls The nd ting irface eis neal nh was at once’ ger together and the ener: ited in ferent now and 4 small space, makes the i the aed mm . ica ipnals greate? t ven with re een mentioned oO vriting in QS 2 from the fading luring the trar ’ . not know if it A LOUD SCREAM FOR QS ous troubled By Lee Hen Benninet« Kar . +3 ay pore During the fou years ‘ een a Natence amaty tively in experimental wirek I ea | should pe in — _ ue xt ses ae pr . “ nm t =o ef aur mam Radio telegray hy and telephor | ofter The paper ot with that vague feeling of son ng beil il Transmission” “'O"® Just va nc. is, I ne tt im the ure ould not determine t her day of Radio En ea I came into possessi pe NSE che n the thing back numbers of QST. ks of Cap- How often and keen have ‘ he disap over the pointments after reading in t ewspa] equally -Sunset in some what we Magazine iid you emain, vou? y I Lindley Winser Captain Bullard’ to be a large con it, a second sur- g atmosphere as of the conducti depends consider- The higher the ve f the wonderful achieve Marconi, DeForest, as chmidt, and a host of others, not to fin =a even the slightest mention of these thing in the next or any othe number of th Kj particular wireless magazin which I might happen to be a subscribe Of course, 4 I subscribed to the magazine with the idea that all subjects on wirel would be dealt with for the benefit of the wireles world. I did not take into consideration the fact that any particular magazine might be controlled by a corporation in whose in- t lished. These erest the periodical was published. : } - house organs rather than me! the ex- ploits of others unless immediately asso ciated with them, would see the wireles world “go hang.”

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June, 1916 I am convinced that in QST the many thousands of radio workers now have a magazine devoted to real wireless and not to corporation interests. Excuse me for shouting “Long live QST and success to its promoters!” I admire the impartial man- ner in which QST published Mr. Cole’s ar- ticle on the audion and that little talk with Mr. Turney, inventor with the Crystaloi detector. It was fine in QST. Again let me shout “Hurrah for QST, success to its promoters.” Let’s we thousands and thou- sands of amateurs join hands and help along the cause of a real wireless maga- ine—QST by name, for QST is Us and let’s be for QST. oo ONE OF THE WESTERN CORRESPONDENTS Acampo, Cal. Dear Mr. Tuska: Yours of April 6th on hand. This quite a surprise to me indeed. In answer will say that I shall be glad to act as your Western correspondent and do all I possibly can for the interest of QST and _ the League. I realize that it is hard to get un- der way, especially in lining up a lot of fellows so far apart and I will be glad to share a part of the work. was In expressing my sentiments, I might say that my whole heart and soul is right in wireless and especially with the A. R. R. L., for this really amounts to something. It has a definite aim and a good one, that ought to appeal to every wide-awake ama teur, but as you say the fellows on this coast are not taking a very active part. I! believe it is because they are not very well acquainted with the League. Ever since I first heard of the R. R. L., I have been trying “to get next,” but not until that sample copy of QST was sent me did | really get into the “swing.” Very sincerely yours, (Sgd) Paul T. Nesbit EDITOR’S NOTE: Mr. Nesbit is going to act as a Western Correspondent for QST. This will bring QST closer to the amateurs of the Pacific coast, who felt that QST was devoted too much to the amateurs of the East. The Editor hopes that the experimenters of the West will help Mr. Nesbit in his work and inform him of their activities, their experi ments, their Radio Clubs, and all wireles news. oo STILL ANOTHER LIKES QST. QST:—Usually there is an air of au terity about periodicals of the radio field They are self-contained, making little if QST 142 any editorial comments, holding themselves aloof from their readers. The most likable quality of all in QST is its utter disregard of these practices. Whereby it seems to me that I know per- sonally the Editors and had known them in fact for a long time. That they were fel low amateurs like ourselves, facing the same problems, overcoming the same ob stacles. QST is a publication among ourselves to ourselves, but for anyone who will read. It certainly has embodied the amateur spirit to the last degree. Wendell L. Wright, Rock and, Mass. These are the facts: the Editors and Pub lishers are amateur ike yourselves and ire running this magazine after the man ner which you suggest, trying to meet the problems which we all face.—Editor. oO QS! The Edito eceived a letter as follows from Mr. Edward (¢ Andrews of Phila delphia, Pa.: I am enclosing a postal which I have received from Mr. W. T. Fraser of Buffalo, N. Y. (8VX) on which he states my signals were heard in Buffalo clear and strong. This is a distance of over 400 miles and I natural ly felt somewhat elated as it was ac complished with 1-4 Kw. Chambers open core transtorme! But aside from the fact that this is a fairly good record, I wish to commend the pirit of unselfishne that is quite evident in Mr. Fraser an thers who send card which tell of receiving the signals of a fellow amateur. While these cards of 8VX (Mr. Fraser) may have come to your at tention before, I ha‘ never seen a notice about it in our magazine. When one goes to the trouble and expense of having a postal printed in order to inform those who signals he hears, it seems to me that a long tride has been taken, toward aiding the perfection and inspiration to amateur work. Until I received word from 8VX, I thought my maximum sending range was seventy- five miles. At Mauch Chunk and the Dela ware Gap my signals are slightly stronge! than NAI and quite similar to WHE. I would urge upon the members of the A. R. R. L. and the reade of QST to notify by postal and by the very next mail the owner of the station whose signals they hear and to give ch other information as they may think of aid or inspiration to the ecipient. Respectfully, (Sgd) Edward C. Andrews, 3TQ.

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143 QST ] NT The idea of noti a fine one, and the mmends that all o plan. At small ex pel had and on it printed : the receiving station al | ring the amateurs ition in closer touch oo ST DESCRIPTION OF AN CIENT SET. re of them Cleveland, Ohio ation to send articles thought it might be nte f our readers to know the BRetweer October Ist il, I have worked with NB, 3ZS, 4AA, 8CS, B SAEZ, 8WP, 8YL, 8NN, J, 9FY, 9JT, 9DB, PC, 9YG Ri] . OC; ese is 60 miles and the f mately 1,000 miles. Thi ta utside of Ohio and a large number of an ten or indicated that the This includes KR at B more states are included I think this is any rec if other amateur sta- tio! s than a 1Kw. trans- omplished even greater receiving. I do think June, 1916 it might encourage others who have at least “%Kw. and who have not been able to work more than ten miles. Some of the a»ove stations have only “Kw. and are from 200 to 500 miles from Cleveland. 11 have learned of a great many amateurs, who, in spite of all they have read about aerials, condensers, short leads, and tuning up their set, try to work 1,000 miles when everything is out of balance. One had an aerial 175’ long and 55’ high, another was using about three plates 5x7 as a condenser for a 1 Kw.; another had leads on his losed circuit fully four feet long, and all these wondered why they could not get any tance, My aerial is less than 70’ long, averaging »5> high, super-thoroughly insulated; a % Kw. Thordarson transformer; three Marconi Leyden jars giving a total capacity of 009 mfd; rotary is hard rubber disc, eight inches in diameter with seventeen studs on it running 1750 r.p.m. Oscillation transformer is made of edge-wis« long cop- per strips and the total length of leads in losed circuit is 19”. In the whole set, no wire touches anything but hard rubber After carefully tuning my set with a hot wire ammeter I found the radiation was about 5.4 amps. on aerial. The wave length is approximately 200 meters which was found by using a good wave meter. The receiving set consists of a loose coupler and audior I think it would be interesting to th readers of QST if some of the more efficient stations would give a detailed description of their sets. It would help those who are not getting results and it would not hurt any of us, because we all can learn some- thing new. (Sed.) A. J. Manning. Items of Interest it of the Nations pre ; nications in time o " nstration was given in lepartment at Washing- tor nstantaneous touch with tl n the Atlantic and Paci- the Battleship New Har This test lasted for fort 6th, 7th, and 8th. \ vard was arranged by ephone and Telegraph Cor ecretary Daniels who used the ilked directly with the f e Nation. Officers of the N American Telephone and Ts y were present and the re atisfactory. Many of the ighout the country prob- ¢ ibly heard the tests on Sunday afternoon, May 7th, and were surprised at the clear ness of the telephone conversation. The tatic on this particular date was exception ally fierce, but in spite of all this, the re ults were noteworthy. OD The Sunbury Daily Item tells of the wire- less station owned by Mess: Kutz and Keifer in Sunbury, Pa. The sending rangs is about 300 miles, while the receiving is nearly 3,000. Mr. Kutz became prominent in the wireless field when he originated “checkers” by wireless. He has also quite a reputation as an athlete and attended Carnegie Tech,

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June, 1916 QST

Rotary Discs By E. E. House. ]

Oxford, Ohio Philadelphia, Pa. Cleveland, Tenn. 300,400,600 5ZH 12 It seems to be quite difficult for som« ind squeeze as tightly as possible. amateurs to find suitable material to make the transit board with a torch so that rotary discs. I have found a way which _ the hella¢ egins to boil out of the ippears to be a good one and is cheaply ges of the pape Do not burn the paper. done. 1eeze the vise tighter and tighter. After The materials are some hea ough i? heated the transit in this way, allow rous paper, some orange shellac, a piece’ it to cool until the shellac is set. If transit Ff of asbestos board, or something to serv: oa ised, there will be’ very little A the purpose later explained. I used trar le in getting the discs off. If iron yard and it worked nicely. A compass and plat ised, no trouble at all will be 1 set of large clamps or a heavy vise an j ip them sharply with a light a torch are also necessary. mmer and insert a knife in one edge and Take the paper and cut out several dis« the plates will fall off. sing the compasses to mark them out Now shellac the dise on the outside. This enough are needed to make the required make a highly insulated dise which is thickness of disc. Let the orange shella to wrk with sharp iron drills and thicken down to about the constituency of Tl li wi ot warp and will be New Orleans molasses and cover botl cle 1 tensil strength I used fish paper of all the sheets but two with the shella | hree inches in diameter, a little Take tne remaining two sheets and cove) ove on eighth inch thick. It weighed one yne side of each, using these for the top ar e, ottom sheets. Now pile up the sheets on Pau m t e taken to get straicht pieces yn the other and place the transit board t nsit o1 heets « iron as this will gov previously cut to a size that will cover tl the ie running of the disc. If a torch whole area of the paper, on the top and innot Le had, warm plates up before put ottom of the pile. Then put the whole per pile between them and then ile consisting of shellaced sheets ar tral iple of da in a vise. The aa oard on top and bottom into the vis Vill Nardel »T tself. SPECIAL LAND STATIONS Station all ig? W: ! tr sé ce Hou Station controlled by Bozeman, Mont 7ZD 00,4 P x R. Earl Dawes Indianapolis, Ind. 9YK 200,451 P \ James E. Weyant Lacey, Wash. 7YS 00,450,61 P X St. Martin’s College Little Rock, Ark. (5XF) 5X} Variabl P X Arthur R. McReary Media, Pa. 3X0 300,400,600 P X Simon Delbert, Jr. SYR 00,425 P X Miami University X j X 2,.0U0U PRICE OF HEADSETS INCREASED ( Brandes, the manufactur of wir Supe f eceivers, has announced the increas¢ Sing n the price of headsets which go int Sing| ; ‘ The into the manufacture ffect immediately. increased cos ial which enters Headl ands

Heat Delhe rt, Jr. Horner Simon W. O BRANDES ) | ne Head et, eatnel 2D Ss pe Headset >.00 . 7 super Receive 1.85 mate l lanti of headsets has necessitated the increase of Cane On ea price The following quotations have ade <n pool daleaaman = 7 ready taken effect: er o rn : aio Improved Navy Type Headset $14.00 Doub! Li ather Headbands for _ Transatlantic Type Headset 10.00 Superior Receivers 1.50 Superior Type Headset, Germar gle Leather Headband for Su

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" th oul e pud Sayvill June, 1916 tment has been opened up for the benefit of the read of “QST” idressed, “QST”, care of The American Radio Relay League. The Hartford, Conn. The questions will be answered free of charg vossible. The answers will in each case, appear in “QST”, pro- f ire ; Lf i oT » re you interest to the average reader. We are not in a position to equiring a long, mathematical solution. ceive a large number of interesting questions for the next ake your questions of general interest and will re will msg questions which “QST” does not wish to pad this department out with a foolish, questions Bow eitl lagi on KS N ie ; J de ns Y., asks: you condencer C-1 ers are lamped waves. 1 in receivir mittec am on page 94 of neces Either ig the tr hook-up pe used on s the connection? vnat 1 ynnection works equally or the > R. J-4 audi yn de- read carefully the note May QST, you will have the same diagram for he only difference being connected in the he positive pole of the to the 1 In the drawing, the hou legative ld have e last seven yllow the first paragraph in the } fi lish S. > wire flash- bee! lines a list of the the United States and Hanover, etc., mission and the wave the United States waves work on » tne vary- can answer by consulting the Radio Laws ing from 5600 to 6800 met and thei hours of operation are also variable. Most Sunday afternoons, the Government are sta tions are in operation. The following Nava stations are equipped with arc sets, NAA, NAD, NAJ, NAM, NAO, NAP, NAR, NAT, NAW, NBA, and NPL, Sayville and Tucke: ton work on waves of twelve to. sixteen thousand meters and send every evening from about nine o’clock inti midnight. After they stop, the German stations reply on slightly longer waves. Question 4 What size hort wave con denser would I need to cut down an aerial 90’ long with a ground lead of 45° to a wave length of 200 meters. \nswe! 1. We would advis¢ you t buy a Murdock antenna condenss which will have several connections one of which will doubtiessly give you the prope capacity. However, if you desire to construct one, a glass photograph plate covered with 6x8 tinfoil will reduce your wave to approx! mately 200 meters. OO L. C. Herndon, Portsmouth, Va.,_ sub- mits these questions: Question 1. I use 1-2 Kw. Packard trans- former, two sections of Murdock con- denser, rotary gap and oscillation § trans- former. Every dash I make is of certain intensity for the first, third of a second and then gets about twice as loud with

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June, 1916 the me effect on radiation. I « ] ; +} | ose connections lI ne Liv ( cannot look at the leads of the if transforme o the termina f ( tne ise being fille with para Cal ou explain this? D ( d isconnected on th é Answe ] The technical | elie é yf he eco! ning , p ‘ hot fron n ( vynicn 1 wo then t . ey +, | it ‘ ) 2 «pt ‘ he | Have ou t ‘ otnel I i you ! or and no t ew t | 4 ne } rn ve I I me t ) O ve ( I The Te emem of one ' ance whe na h f t an amateur get n cvery time t] kev is depre ed aimmtt as Hhavpens r tne rY ca if due tT some que ‘ lr t ts ¢ Wi \ err Que Se My aerial if i n ( nig Doe tl na ol tne sending et? ? The pows ne o effe the endl iltho } ' hve nai T Know! ict that a conaucto ni imrac i ( el £ owl re ees f ot inten! ( i rec re na It ha found " eC me W icini fia eivil et rt " os! 10oW ! w he ne i eC nit i? espit th Tact tl l furthe om the sending out tl iOud Qu How ma ections of o are needed for half Kw 1o I ( il oO or¢ denser will give the right capacity 146 used in connection with one turn of in ince, & 1-2 inches ir diamete will give rovicead the leads art Ques. 4. If the set is properly tuned, nat ouid | the approximate ampere uiiation using’ an antenna 85’ long and ; » high Ans. 4 The adiation Should be be Ce! anc 4 amperes with everything i to maximum efficiency W. T. Gravely, Danville, Va. I have an oscillation transformer with the nary ype iting inside of the secondary. condary is 16” high, 11” in diamete wound with 22 turns of No. 6 illuminum wire, spaced about 1-2” The primary high, “ight inches in diameter, wound with 8 turns of No. 4 copper wire, about 1” apart. This makes the connection to the primary difficult to get at with the helix clips, and I would like to know if it would not be better to take off about 5 from the secondary and put in its place 4 turns of the primary wire, leaving 1 space of one inch between the primary and secondary? Would this arrangement ork as effectively as what I now have? It would certainly be easier to handle. There will be sufficient turns in the secondary to vary the coupling although the windings are fixed. Ans. The Technical Editor would ad ‘ » you to carry out the change you men ioned and without a doubt. it will be mors efficient than the present arrangement Of ourse, the whole transformer might be re igned as you probably have found out that the primary is far larger than you will ever need for a wave length of 200 meters. 4 turn and one half, 8 1-2” in diameter will be found sufficient primary for 00 meter waves. With this in mind, it might be possible to put in one fixed turn in place of your primary Then vary the secondary and the coupling.

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June, 1916 photographs, the amateurs For tors, AMERICAN RA- AGUE, Hartford, any- Conn. FO! YG] Each month, a brand brand new wireless th brand new articles ects. . Will exchange this brand new wire- QST,” for one dollar. AMERICAN RADIO E, Hartford, Conn. WAD ption agents for “QST.” p the LEAGUE, help s, AMERICAN RA LEAGUE, Conn Circulation EXCHANGE: One inch spark gap, $1.29; 1 Helix and condensers; e condensers, $8.00; $3.00; Silicon de volume Railways, 13” “Elec Man,” 20 lesson 8; want Motorcycle parts of 1 Kw John W. Miller, Jr., N. Y. ser, $5.00: 3 ce of eekskill, EXCHANGE: 1 er; pair Brandes oakd Packard 2 000 mplete receiving cabinet; 3 telephone magnetos: FE. I. Co. variavle condenser War Visible type writer, % Kw. Blitzen o Thordarson transformer; Blitzen variable: Navy Type phones. Paul E 215 Clay St., Tiffin. Ohio Brandes I rederick, Murdock aetectol (with condenser) for audion or audion-tron 5ulb, or $3.00. Want C-E DeLuxe or Cheethan tuner, slightly used storage battery of good make. Francis R. Pray, 102 Heath St., Somerville, Mass. WILL EXCHANGE: No. 322 Murdo S500 new 15 plate variable ised FOR SALE OR Cabot EXCHANGE: Holtzer- type 02 Indyction Motor, 1-6 H.P., 1350 R.P.M., 110 Volt 133 cycles, excel lent condition. Need wavemeter, hot wire ammeter, Multi-Audi-Fone. K. B. Warner, 402 Washington, ‘ o, Ill. FOR SALE: A i.oimel lf a Packard tran only $7.50. Wisconsin St mahogany case, Rowley, 905 Racine, Wis. WANTED: ’ dition, will pay cash. Henry Schrier 1127 S. Park St., Kalamazoo, M Deforest Audion Bulb, any con FOR SALE: One 1-4” Bull Dog Spark coil price $1.30. One “Radioson” ultra sensi- tive electrolitic detector, never been used. price $4.00 One 75 ohm tel phone re- ceiver price $.50. One buzzer $.20. One three slide turning coil 13” long price $1.50.

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Arnold Navy Type Loose Coupler Price, $15.00 Perhaps you have noticed | specialize and this instrument is my specialty One must ex- cel when efforts are concentrated on a single instrument. These instruments are not and never were ground out in quantities and the personality of the maker lost I make every in- strument myself, test it and know just what en- ters into its construction, With suitable inductance in conjunction with an Audion Detector, this instrument has proven very efficient for receiving undemped waves This Hook-up will be furnished to prospective purchasers. | also carry he fines line of : Switch Points, Rubber Kaobe Cabinets and Accessories on the market. SEND 2c STAMP FOR BULLETIN No. 1 J. F. ARNOLD, 135 East 119th St., New York City Do You Hear Your Signals Loud and Clear? | IF YOU DON’T, YOU WANT A | MULTI-AUDI-FONE * | To use with your own high resistance phones $18. With our specially wound phones $23. Two Step Multi-Audi-Fone : - - $60. Undamped Wavers - : : $45. and $100. Undamped Wave Tuners : . $17.50 and $30. Pocket Wireless Receiving Set - - - $5.75 a SEND FOR CIRCULAR. WRITE TODAY Multi-Audi-Fone 277 Morris Ave., Elizabeth, N. J. SPECIAL COUPON! American Radio Relay League, Hartford, Conn. Please send me free of charge the 1915 List of Stations Book. I am enclosing 5c to cover mailing. Name « Street City and State

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Announcing the Tubular De Forest Audion Bulb \udion-the De Forest” ar Audion Bulb gives “There s| stations. It has spiral grid and only As this is a long, uw along life *Edi- ninated The plate glass tube, pre- Sol itely, $5.50 each type to the screw st apparatus, and is Send for Bulletins D16 and B16 eless Mfg. Co. nton, Ohio The —_ On Board H. M. T. Canastota, Havre, France, March 21, 1916 st | took the Course in Radio Tele- Radio School, Washington, D. C. ng a First Class Course in Wireless Tel- nderstanding of the Principles em- ommend this school. k B. Ulingworth, Radio Officer in Charge, ee less Operators Prepared At Home Or In Our School A F to take charge of a Radio Station on sea or on land, in time of peace or in time of war. Posi- tions paying good salaries with wonderful chance for travel. It’s the most interesting profession known and requires trained oper- ators. Send stamp for booklet. Our Automatic Universal Sender used in Correspondence Courses is the best known teach- er for the code. Ten weeks Sum- mer Course opens June 24th. Regular Evening Courses open for the entire year. NATIONAL RADIO SCHOOL 1405 U ST., N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. ALWAYS MENTION “QST” WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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Our Standard Loose QST AGENTS Coupler Turn your spare time into money QST needs bright young men in all parts of the country to act as a circulation agents. This is an op- The greatest thing out. 7 in. high, 7 in. portunity for you = — wide, 15 in. over all. Wound with En- ee cee: nee nae it _—s ameled wire (secondary with silk, if de- would like to become a circule- sired), has double slide and eight taps, tion agent for QST, send " — with heavy rheostat handle. Woodwork name and acdrese for the sales- mahogany finished. Price, $7.00, Also man proposition. have a new one, Gin. high, 6 in. wide, in. over all, wound with same wire, . ° a with ater slide. Oaly $4.50. The American Radio F. B. CHAMBERS & CO. Relay League 2046 Arch Street ’ . 7 H tf = Cc ti t Philadelphia, Pa. recs er >] ate Radio Headsets SUPERIOR TYPE, $5.50 0d) Made for Long Distance Reading Send 4c in stamps for our new Catalog “F”’ of select Wireless Apparatus a C. Brandes, Inc. 32 Union Square, Room 821 New York WANTED: Relay Stations in Oklahoma, New Mex- ico, South Dakota and Wyoming. These States need representatives in the A. R. R. L. } 14 Perikon Detectors mounted on maple and mahogeny base, 34x46 inches and FOR SALE ready to work Prices very reasonable to members of The American Radio Relay " FURMAN, 5528 Echo Street, LOS ANGELES, CAL. League

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CECA OOO OOOO OEE EOC OEE OOOO eeeneeetetene What QST Offers You ninfluenced opinion of new apparatus and radio work WHERE ELSE CAN THIS BE FOUND? ng with next issue, the editor hopes to offer ger magazine, because we have arranged for t interesting series of “practical,” technical ar- at have ever been written for the amateur. ticles will begin as soon as the final arrange- the contract can be made. The nature of rticles will surprise you; nothing like them have ever appeared before WHERE ELSE CAN THESE BE FOUND? gives you an opportunity to see the “other w’’ in print, after you have heard his signals WHERE ELSE CAN THIS BE FOUND? gives you the FREE use of the “For Sale and e Department.” A chance to sell your used apparatus without a penny charge WHERE ELSE CAN THIS BE FOUND? Where can Q S T be found? Is It? Tell Your Friends! PERRO ERE OER EEE HEHEHE HOSED OTE EEE HT EH eeeeeeeee titties POPPE CREE eee ene OOTOOCOOT OTE OT EET ET FT TE HL OO NENT N ONTO HOOTONT TERT POLO RO ROOT ROTOR OORT OOOO OOD e ee eee eee eeebeeeteeeeeeane

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“THERE IS ONLY ONE AUDION, THE Dé FOREST” DE FOREST ULTRAUDION DETECTOR FOR DAMPED AND UNDAMPED WAVES The new Det est | traud n De tector enabies every opera t rece € bott spark ar Signais at r expense Tt sin stru ent S made t« vate or amateur S¢ ar is wit means ot all. Heret the ywest pr ed ger ne | traudion cost $110.00. W now offe the new amateur type at $27.50 It is equ ‘ with potentiometer rol for the “B” or high voltage cir t, afr g r exter es she as r - rn r . t k gher price s, a ppe t | i st Tul A aK rYPE UJI DeForest Ultraudion Detector N mp : stor tuning are Price, $27.50 r desira S vy a er N ling . N f se ar 4 s s Def I s ax e | ' , F , nt e sens , k wt ; ting lite f at ast SOO burnis | o » used ad “ With i x rece ng ing ered, | i ; ‘ } Suitable for re g are and spark nals ar an | eG en eg tact with ast nt pre t par L ‘ g a Gale on all « he ( Genuine DeForest Tubular Audion Price, $5.50, delivered :' Adapter, 40c extra ACCEPT NO INFRINGING IMITATIONS INSIST ON THE GENUINE ARTICLE Send stamp for Bulletins R16 on the Audion Detectors, Audion Receiving Sets the Tubular Audion and the Ultraudion DeForest Radio Telephone & Telegraph Company PARK AVENUE New York, N. Y. Makers of the Highest Grade Receiving Equipment in the World ALWAYS MENTION “QST WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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New Mesco Radio Apparatus ROTARY SPARK GAP Spark Gap is required in every transmitting station by the Federal! aut tic t ti type f gap produces a pure wave of low damping ment It any transmitting station from 20 t 0 per cent rt Rotary Spark Gap emits a high " e audib na a 4 neara £ i a n note ¢ ¢ at 4 ! ar t I 4 ta atn i DA i : ta t i y _— ‘ ‘ i ard . , \ i ‘ al a ‘ : K. W " oO a a ( t M i ate l \ ) 4 : | ! \ an at . t ¢ ce Gap, 6 volt $12.00 ark Gap, 110 a 4 D. ¢ 13.00 t Stationary Electrode 6 haft 5.00 y t t I i ine 4 ' ne ’ ta met 4 a 4 it a a a i n , a ‘ a : art Ke a the } , nde ary x pres require I ¢ der ia Price tor Stand $3.00 SEND FOR OUR NEW CATALOG H28 8x4 inches, contains 248 pages, with ove 1,100 illustrations, and de- ear language all about Bells, Push Buttons, Batteries, Telephone and Tele- ctric Toys, Burglar and Fire Alarm Contrivances, Electric Call Be Electric cal Batteries, Motor Boat Horns, Electrically Heated Apparatus, Battery Battery Gauges, Wireless Telegraph Instruments, Ignition Supplies, Ete. » thousand and one ways where electrical devices may be used, and to know | r your purpose you need this catalog. It costs you nothing. SEND FOR OUR NO. 17 MANUAL WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY t even if only superficially interested Around about you ev« you y not you. The Manual will explain it. To the student of Wireless Teiegraphy, tair much that is indispensable to a proper understanding of the art A good w published for the first time. We ask ten cents ($.10) for it— give you a coupon receipt which can ed on any order amounting to One Dollar ($1) or more. ame and address now, and get one of the most complete, compreher ve and amphlets published. | elous oeccurrance in which wireless played a distinguished part. It ' | Manhattan Electrical Supply Co. CHICAGO ST. LOUIS ace 114 S. Sth Ave. 1106 Pine St. SAN FRANCISCO 604 Mission Street a ba | 0 x Mmm. a ae re a ~ |