QST 1916-03: Vol 1 Iss 4

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The American Radio Relay League R2 — = — FOR THE MONTH OF MARCH NINETEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTEEN ee

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ZENNECK’S Wireless Telegrap ‘The Book You Have Been Looking For” (K, Professor of Experimen- ‘Technische Hochschule,” slated by A. EF. SEELIG., k.. formerly General Mana- ymmunication Co. 42S pages, itions, 13 tables, 84.00 net, SR HEADINGS cillations of Condenser Circuits. Ill The High Frequency Al- cuit. IV. Coupled Circuits. Vi. The Antenna. Vil. ed Oscillations Vill. High Undamped Oscillations. IX. by the Arc Method. 4 Waves Over the Earth’s Surface. XII Receivers. XIII. Directive Wireless Telephony. Develop- Telegraphy During th Years Pages of Useful Tables. tes on Theory. Index. iteur operator and every student of wireless owes a debt to who has translated Dr. Zenneck’s “‘Lehrbuch der draht- egraphie."’ This book has been a standard in Germany and s brought to America and translated for us. The book care- phrases of wireless telegraphy, from the fundamental principles cial apparatus. In the technical part you will find explana- ip every hazy point. Among the interesting features are the | photographs of dampened sparks. You can find out all about see exactly how the ether waves travel. Once you read the how you did without it. text is of such great importance to the LEAGUE members that is made arrangements to supply the book. Write for it today. 1 book worth more. You need it: send to the Secretary. The American Radio Relay League, Inc. Hartford, Connecticut ALWAYS MENTION “QST” WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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O March, 1916 Number 4 Contents Practical Pointers on the Audion (Illustrated) By A. B. Cole, E. E. Practical Relaying (continued) By Hiram Percy Maxim Thoughts of the Good, Old Palmy Days By Lloyd Manuel Novel Arrangement of Wireless Code Station of Mr. P. W. Patch, Dubuque, Ia., Illustrated Government Wishes More Effective Control Over Possible Inter- ference Radio Communications by the Amateurs (with illustrations of various stations) Receiving with a Pancake Tuner By E. E. House An Interview with the Inventor of the Crystaloi Detector QST Latest List of Additions to A. R. R. L. Stations For Sale and Wanted Q S T is published by and at the expense of Hiram Percy Maxim and Clarence D. Tuska. Its object is to help maintain the organization of the American Radio Relay League and to keep the amateur wireless operators of the country in constant touch with one another. Every amateur will help himself and help his fellows by sending in $1 for a 12 months’ subscription. Application made for entry to second class mailing matter at Gartford, Conn. Issued monthly by Biram Perey Maxim and Clarence BD, Tuska Gartford, Conn.

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OUR ADVERTISERS =. I t ompany in this list? others but they haven’t come forward to If not sk them why. Let’s§ advertise as yet. Of course advertising is eason is. one of the things that keeps “QST” going. No.of Times These advertisers want results—they don’t Manl al Supply Co. i advertise merely to support “QST.” They J. H 2 advertise for results. They get these re- Mult l sults if you will buy of them and ALWAYS : 2 MENTION “QST” WHEN YOU WRITE Mix 1 TO THEM. a ») The C, 1 Let everyone do his share. Let the back- Rast Anperatus Co. i ward advertisers in wireless supplies come CI { forward—do their share of the advertising The V curing Co. { and GET THEIR SHARE OF THE RE- Th 2 SULTS. Let those who have advertised eR ; once or twice come forward again. Let the aes ' Mfe. Co. , ubscribers to their share—purchase goods KI atus Co. ’ from our advertisers. If everyone does his Radic ¢ America ’ share, “QST” will very soon be the kind Del & Tel. Co. 1 of a magazine we amateurs have wanted : slaced advertice- “THE BEST WIRELESS MAGAZINE IN _ aeehes of tmene THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.” at covers all desir- abl There are a few THE PUBLISHERS OF “QST.” IMPORTANT NOTICE! This was a very short month; the printer became rushed and in try- ing to ge » magazine out ON TIME madetwoerrors. We trust the readers wil! be patient with us, as we hope to eliminate these errors here- after. Page 55, 2nd column, 2nd paragraph, should follow Ist paragraph, ais 2nd column on page 54, Heading on page 59, “Interesting Meeting of the Radio Club of America” should be omitted.

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PRACTICAL POINTERS ON Cole, E. E. De Forest Radio Tel. By A. B. Sales Manager article is HE purpose of the present not to sell Audions, but to assist those who use the justly famous Audion to obtain the best results, with a view to promoting the best interests of the amateur experimenter. So much has been written March Radio Relay Bulletin THE AUDION & Tel. Co. Now, you should know that very seldom are two Audion bulbs exactly alike in their characteristics, but not much variation is permitted because too much in the way of instructions would have to be furnished the and so those not coming within the limits are discarded or fur- user, without authority of the pat f entees which is partially in- correct or serves to cause the experimenter to aspire to fields which cannot be achiev ed in a practical fashion by him and so many false direc tions have been given fo making apparatus from the regular Audion Detector fo: which it is not adapted, that it seems only right to set the experimenter on the prope track, showing what can be done and how to do it, point ing out the fallacies in state ments made by unauthorized parties. Be it known, first of all, that the writer is one of the pioneer amateurs, whose ex A. B perimenting in wireless mat ters dates from 1904, and al- though engaged in commereial as well as amateur wu-k, is still an amateur at heart and thoroughly in sympathy with amatew work, not as some whose first training was commercial and who look down on the ama- teurs as a small detail from whom revenues must be extracted because their superiors wish it, but strictly as an amateur of many years’ experience, and, therefore, qualified to assist those working in this field in an intelligent way. In 1908, I used one of the very early types of Audion, so that it is not very new to me. As Sales Manager for the manufacturers, I have investigated and cor- rected probably every kind of trouble which can be had with the Audion. Yet, I am frank to admit that I do not know it all, veing thereby different from outsiders who can write books on it from their limited experience with a few bulbs. Cole, E. nished only to those of con- siderable experience. The Audion is a _ peculiar instrument in many ways. If used in connection with the proper circuits and acces- sories, it is the most sensi- tive and reliable detector ever invented. which fact cannot be denied. If, for example, the “grid condenser” is of the wrong capacity or inefficient, or the wiring of the circuits is not correct or the insula- tion of the wires of these circuits poor, or if they are placed too close together, trouble is very likely to occur which is difficult to locate and is invariably charged to the E “bulb.” It is remarkable how easy it is to have trouble if the circuits and parts of the detector as a whole are not correct, and this is one of the main reasons why the bulbs are not furnished separately and why all guarantees are immediately dissolved if an Audion bulb is used otherwise than in the Audion Detector made for it. One of the best amateurs in the country who has used the Audion for some time sent in his bulb on request, as he could not obtain good re- sults. Investigation showed that he had taken the detector apart and assembled it in a complete receiving cabinet and after much time, it discovered that the “grid condenser” did not suit his taste and so he built another which consumed inter- nally in losses nearly all of the incoming energy. The bulb, used in a regular Audion Detector, was excellent. This is only one representative case of many, loss of was

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12 Qs MARCH, 1916 AU DION ecelving set markapbly «ae ised. The great difficu is t convince the operato It How is Bee of the necessity ) testing every battel X ¢ ina Ww! ten witl ‘oltmet As soon ; one ma ‘ cit Also ) n ‘ t ) es must ‘H | l¢ are ‘ aced, ? il onnectior must D€ que i rignt ol ed i iot replaced it nee, the fully tor a f p ti ntensity oO r} \ ! Bu t} rrié t il rurse l it out rie expel e test efore nge—t} s the i was de ised £ e ©&x tren ! twel ( The 1 mos mmo e oft ) t not é f \ { ee s when tne ) it ep es el ti { eal 1 more ‘ ara ut rie { them back tar . wen ‘ y Vai with ‘ +) ‘ tr the ‘ ‘ ‘ inect Spor } vst o the carbo tn he oT e 4) manrt aet ‘ ensit e 1 e wen Ther ival vne tne re t epiace rt te ng are ne entire ‘ ) attel ne Ore I tne ! practic: tne arbo ; a ame n metn tandara ine dete annot poe te¢ intes inde ‘ . +} erat + i onnecte oO he ve con ! \ v tn )> was a ignt pa ( ne l na ensitive alities! il li 0 i ‘ lo tic are {o) I fie tnhira a é I omplaint cue bans educines rir to th ito the fa tha ou , ang ( j ( \ of ( tne I \\ .. ' hangs 4 me cannot compare wit t is be mut ar « - ; a e1tn = . ) , - hea) , the oth ot ‘ t eve ng tl nne Irom Test ‘ ‘ ine ‘ ignti ' ome : tune ise the Audio +o om ; t al a > is 2 1 mania oO nd which way best : ; ul to or be (4 rher rie rate ‘ ‘ ot passed + \udion in a ud Conside otne : uit lent ’ ace of glass ot 1¢ ilb, and realize a more the “X” o , ke ne ery sma tit ol ga ! n CXUI ( m pe one necessaril bee ‘ cha T7 a & ma e twenty ature The \udior vorks | vher me , nos tempera he oom ‘ rade nna é The \ ol . of tl n make ( The omes the complai y eve I ( who ihe Audi 1! The xpert, com mevel nd imateu atiol ete mercia ) yea oO! l in oUne etect¢ | ha tri expert familial wit! { \ ingto n his Zou mie ‘ i the \ of er nuc! ong ith a Stal ) ner 1 operating rt Ca Oo explal The \ ion for the Che tunin lective to some extent park fre appal equipment ne ‘ OS1T1 ] not ele ea o not ti 1 necessarily wa engtl It ij ‘ Act $1 more ¢ mr the Aud ) meter WV) if ou WI yn or tdeé tne propo! oO in amateur tune ou will real that t most efficient AUDION \ND HOW TO from 200 to 1L5tv met The are all CORRE( | ilit n tni way \\ nen i oading coil s used in the primary circuit, the efficiency i) ° ae wounn ~ the prima t iecreased, although it is due more of tne od 1 reased < »*? ’ " “B hig g atteries lhe second: ) ! ise ! eldom These nreiiabie, | m oaded ariavie condenser will help to their ecomes eX ome tent hut inless the tune nm ore haustec olts ol lk 3s ClVve it} nign ef en the ] ne wave it on a voltm«s ft the entire ; impossibik » operate the Audion to full

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MARCH, 1916 é potentiall\ operated, tuning ‘qupment til t ¢ eq ) the lille ( ‘ ( ) Do not:try oO 1? eri with in \ idl ! ot these inst me ondense within it, } ilt, and I do not be proved upon. Unautho inds of advice onable that tl a? install what is rig 4 1 Variable condel post is of great a eX: point of resonan tie vay of a condense! eries to reduce efficien (7) Then there is the off his lighting battery in more resistance by me: The battery recuperate when turned on again, filament or seriously ir that a sensitive and delicate in quires a little thought (8) The use of a magne Bulb sometimes increases ignals, but we have see? t pen result is short life of the under Fallacies (3). (9) Remember that Bulbs have 31% volt connect more than 6 volt stat will handle effectivel raore should be emploved ADJUSTMENT OF THE (i) Nea ly every \ ritical points. Une ‘A” and “B” oatteries tain points. The othe with the “B” battery a oltagwe than above and iting at less brilliancy battery connections reversed. have only one critica ’ ” so it 1S important to . THE LIGHTING BATTE tne detector, An Audion should a ‘Dp, with the higher “B” voltage and ment intensity to obtain (2) The “eritical point” certain adjustments of es If this is present, the should be decreased until the sound is jus le Manuta out of place due to this, : imits of the usual “B” b: "REVERSING }” batteries. At this ound is generally heard audible or is just below the audible point, When strong signals are received, they may »e much increased in intensity by in easing .both the “B” battery voltage and the lament illiancy, but while greate) olume f sound is obtained, the bulb 1 ne l ts most sensitive condition at thi adjustment With some excellent bulbs, no hissing sound can be heard at any adjust ment, or it may appear, but be very weak Blue Glow” appearing at cei iin adjustments of the “B” battery in the old style tantalum filament bulbs is often not found at all in the tungsten and Hud y ment types, and is not necessarily in indication of sensitive qualities FALLACIES (1) Making an Amplifier from a De- tector. There are several reasons why this annot be done with even fair efficiency. It the necessary three winding transformer is not exactly made and balanced, the results are poor. The Audion Amplifier Bulb is entirely different from the Audion Detector Bulb in construction and vacuum. The result of trying to make an amplifier from a detector is only a makeshift in which the efficiency is so low as to make it an expense out of proportion to the benefits obtaimed.,. The Detector bulbs cannot last long enough to make it worth whiie, and the efficiency is very low. (2) Receiving Continuous or Undamped Waves. Regular Audion Detector Bulbs are not adapted for the reception of continuous waves, because the vacuum is not correct ”” the purpose and because the filaments must be operated at such a high intensity that they give very short service, making 1em unnecessarily expensive. Then, their use in this way causes the vacuum to gradually increase until 75 to 150 volts are required for the “B” circuit. (3) “Amplifying” Circuits. This is the ame old story, begun with the creation of the worid, of obtaining something for noth- Ing lt you will think, you will realize that if you pass through an Audion Bulb or any other apparatus, two or three times as much energy as it is designed to carry, the result will be a short life. This appears in “amplifying” circuits in operation of the lament at excessive brilliancy and in rapid deterioration of the filament from carrying ajgnormal power. The vacuum increases to an extremely high value in most cases. The final result is expense for renewal bulbs far out of proportion to results ob- tained and general! dissatisfaction—not due to any fault of the manufacturer, because

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t4 the i ilbs are sold and licenses purpose, but because the oper ing for “something for noth mpossible in the long run, Thers perators of experience with the know of all the above points, a more who do not, and these sus the result of long and active one who has corrected more A es than perhaps any other ons . should be given that close att careful consideration which the that the very best of result tained and the longest possible red BLUE DIS‘ GE OF GLOW This aj me Audion Bulbs and not ir t wed to persist, the vacuun increases. For this reason t ild not be allowed to appear to continue, as the vacuum very high value, requiring oltage in the “B” batter) \ teurs cannot seem to compreher instructions of this kind, bulbs in this way, alway ilb “was defective,” althoug! vn negligence which caused th A supe? etector like the Audion should be ised with reasonable care and int It is not “fool-proof.”’ ADJUSTMI One of essentia! points very seldom ap} even known by most a very fine regu- igh voltage battery important in secur- operator lation of tl h potential ing utmo vith the Audion. A differencs t may make a difference in range of is 25 per cent. The amat of Audion Detector manufactur: 916 have a switch ad- justment h voltage, providing at each ste] e of three to fow volts. Tl were, of course, and sti n this type of instru- Qs T MARCH, 1916 ment, so that they may operate properly with same. One kind of “trouble” is due to the fact that after an Audion Bulb has been used for a time, the vacuum’ changes slightly, so that the correct voltage required ysecomes slightly different in value. Now, it can be readily understood that the operator will have difficulty in obtain- ing best results when this occurs, because with the switch on one point, the voltage is too low, and on the next higher point, it is too high, and the hissing sound in the telephone receivers may drown out the incoming signals. The purpose of replacing the “step by step” switch by a potentiometer, which has been done in the new instruments, is to overcome this difficulty and provide any desired voltage within the limits of the bat tery. For the benefit of the large number of operators whose Audion Detectors are pro- vided with “step by step” high voltage control switches, the following is recom- mended on account of the difficulties certain to e encountered, even if the potentio- meters were furnished them, in installing same in their instruments. If a small box is made, large enough to hold one 3 cell flashlight battery, and a switch is mounted on the box, and arranged to cut in one cell at a time, and this device is connected in series with the telephone receivers, and the receiver binding posts on the detector, a very satisfactory adjustment will be provided, enabling the operator to accomplish excellent results with bulbs otherwise considered less sensitive than standard. Of course, this extra battery must be connected in circuit in the proper direction, so that it acts with and not against the regular high voltage batteries of the detector. The proper direction can be read- ily determined by trial. This arrangement is thoroughly recom- mended to every user of an Audion instru- ment. It is certain to produce results far uperior to any ever previously obtained. The RJ6 Receiving Set Mfd. by The De Forest Radio Tel. & Tel. Co

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MARCH, 1916 PRACTICAL RELAYING Maxim. (Continued from February Number.) By Hiram N the February QST, the writer covered broadly a plan for establishing six main Trunk Lines to cover the country. He did not intend in this plan to pre- sent a final arrangement, because it did not seem possible from the informa- tion at hand to lay out the best points. It seems, however, that the scheme has caught on, if the numbers of letters received from amateur station owners in various parts of the country mean anything. For this rea- son, the Trunk Lines A, B, C, D, E and F will be assumed as good enough to start with. The next step to take is to establish local headquarters for each Trunk Line, and to turn over to these headquarters the worl of organizing each Trunk Line. In order to intelligently decide upon these different local Headquarters, several things must be given consideration. Kor example, it would seem that a city forming a junction point for two or even three Trunk Lines, should be Headquarters, because a test message could be started simultaneously from this point, and go out over the several Trunk Lines. Take Chicago as an_ illustration. Chicago is approximately the central point on Trunk Line A, and it is the starting point for Trunk Line E. A test message starting from Chicago could go west to Seattle, the end of Trunk Line A, east to Portland. Maine, the other end and south- west to Los Angeles the end of Trunk Line E. One job done at Chicago, would thus cover the entire width of the country at the north and also cover a line down the Mis- sissippi to the Gulf and across the south- ern border to the Coast. Philadelphia or some point in New Jersey would likewise be a good location to act as Headquarters for the entire eastern tion of the country. One test message sent out from here would be carried north- east through New York, Connecticut and Massachusetts, south through the Atlantic States to Jacksonville, Florida, and south- west on Trunk Line D through Pennsyl- vania, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama and Mississippi, to New Orleans, La. These two Headquarters would therefore cover the whole of Trunk Lines A, E, C and D. This leaves only ., running west from St. Louis, and F, running north and south from Vancouver to San Diego, on _ the Pacific Coast. San Francisco is the nat- ural location for the Headquarters for both these lines. One message sent out would run north to Vancouver, south to San Diego sec- Percy and east to St. Louis. Thus it seems plain that three cities, Chicago, San Francisco and Philadelphia, or some point between this city and New York, would be all the District Headquar- ters necessary to carry ona practical Sys- tem of test traffic which would cover the entire country, entering almost every single state in the Union. The delicate question of selecting the most suitable station for these Headquar- ters then arises. Several details must be taken into account in selecting these head- quarters. First, there is the necessity for systematic handling of the job. Some people are so constituted that they naturally handle a piece of work in a systematic man- and records are simple and always kept. ner, Other people entirely lack anything ap- proaching order and system and if one of these should be a District Headquarters, things would go haphazard, hit and miss, and interest would quickly die out on all of the lines which they had charge of. Another requisite for these district head- quarters is the facility for writing letters and looking after the stations which wrote to them. Some amateurs who are in busi- ness have letter writing facilities of an office and it is very little work to get off half a dozen letters once in a while. A sta- tion owner so situated that letter writing was convenient and easy would be a bet- ter Headquarters than one who had not these facilities, other things being equal. Another requisite, and an important one, as we all know, is the ability to always be on the job at the time specified, or never fail to have some one else if he cannot be there himself. This failure to keep regular hours is the greatest fault we amateurs have, and is the great big factor which limits our radio relaying work. Tom is never on when Dick and Harry are on, and Dick ceems to make a point of going to the movies when Tom and Harry most need him. Harry invariably reserves his off night for the time when Tom and Dick depend upon him being at his instruments. in handling test and regular messages, this point must be most carefully considered, and a lieadquarters must be selected who can either be on regularly or have other stations who will act for him wh he is absent. The nights when the through Trunk Line work is to be done, should not be too often. Three nights a week would probably ve impractical and the writer believes that one night a week would be better than

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ay stations on a given ire that they could be more frequently. h the test work was to mportant element. QRM } ed and the fact that there nee in time between the \t tates and the Pacific Coast tat veight. NAA sends time at 1 eastern time, which is 9:00 p. 1 8:00 p. m. western time, and t time. A great many imate t ise these signals for vi iding testing of their rece ments, so that by no possi- t wnals be jammed. The spark coil and the dry e idered early in the even- ing, yrrious for his ability to QRM hen he is just across the street therefore, that an hour like p. m. would stand more cha cessful than any other hou are out by this time, whicl we can by no means ovel not so late that it would kil me or even two nights in a matter however, is one for « Line to settle for itself. In t f lapping over from one time another, such as from Easter? Central Time, it would eem t ild have to be delayed at the e the lap occurred. For exan received at Buffalo, the lim Time, could be heid one hou time came around. Con Buffalo would have to r t things would be one hou e from Cleveland than usua ternative is for the east to tak hour, say Midnight, and the west ith an early hour, say eigh ist. This would have the g us all at our instru- ment hour all over the entire cou well managed, and ild probably handle a messag through to Portland, MARCH, 1916 unusual for the man in Maine to hear Ann Arbor. Mich.. nor the man in Little Rock, Arkansas to hear Chicago Headquarters when he started out his test msg. From the records which have already been printed in QST, all this and even more would not be unusual. All things considered, the writer would be personally in favor of the uniform lis- tening in hour all over the country, because he believes the sacrifice of sitting up late in the east would be more than rapid by knowing that every one else throughout the country was at his instruments at that exact moment. This, however, is left to dis- trict headquarters, as is proper, and as every other detail of management should also he. Another important matter is test message should take. For our amateur purposes, we should send out an unknown pass word so as to check up who really got it, and the returning receipt, or as we call it, the QSL, should bear the call letters of every station who received and relayed it. When the QSL is received back to district headquarters, a record should be kept of just how far it got before it had to be returned on account of not being able to get farther. With this information, district the form a headquarters would know just where the blame should be placed and by mail, he could find out if it could be corrected and if so, how. A thing which would help, would be to publish in QST, every month, the records of the work of each Trunk Line. Then, the League could offer a prize each month to the headquarters who made the most cred- ible showing, just as the different sections on a railroad are given regular prizes for the best showing section on the road. In closing, the writer wants to put in his plea for help on the matter of select- ing District Headquarters. We cannot do this at Headquarters, because we do not know enough. The local stations in or near Chicago or Philadelphia, or San Francisco know who the best station is for District Headquarters, all things considered. There- fore, a vote is wanted from each of these three different places, said vote to be sent in to main Headquarters at Hartford, and only those who know something about the station voted for to cast a vote. ORRISTOWN RADIO ASSOCIATION HOLDS MEETING Maine k the QSL in fifteen or twe In the case of those of us ha good aerials and rrou ind who know how to tune, we vould make many very rem emely interesting long listance would not be at all At an the Norristown Radio Ass’n he third the following membet ed to office for a period of six n andolph Roland, Pres., Harold G Pres., Wilbur Heyser, Treas., and Donald Walker, Sec. The or- ganization would be pleased to hear from similar associations and request that all mail be addressed to Donald Walker, 552 Kohn St., Norristown, Pa.

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MARCH, 1916 ~ THOUGHTS OF THE GOOD OLD PALMY DAYS By Lloyd Manuel A£ BR. &. THE AMERICAN AND MEMBER OF RADIO RELAY LEAGUE ADIO bugliets lend me your ears. When I was fourteen years oid I started in on the wireless game, and am still playing. The first thing that wireless did for me was to permit me to communicate with an other- wise inaccessible place; the second thing that it did was to get me kicked out of school—my mind refused to follow such commonplace stuff as “puella haben rosa” when it was teeming all the time with C equals E over R. I wanted to establish communication with a fellow but as I had to cross a trolley to do this—the wire-chief said, “Nix.”” So we had to dope it out some other way. I went to the free library and obtained a book telling of Marconi’s early experiments. This book told of the necessary parts, and instruments not being obtainable, I, per- force, had to construct them. When I couldn’t make, I begged, borrowed or stole. The first thing that I obtained was an air- rifle. This required considerable “junking.” You may say that an air-rifle is not an actual necessity in a radio-station—but wait a bit, me fren’. I knew a fellow who had an old Western Union relay, so I hied myself to him, gun over shoulder; tacked a card to a fence and shot at it. My friend thought that he could trim me shooting—so he took a shot, and lo, and behold, he plugged the card right off the reel. This gratified him so much that he was going to buy a gun right away. It was then that I got in my dirty work. I obtained the relay, and ran quickly away, fearing that he might change his mind. The next thing necessary was a coherer. ‘Twas then that I bent my well moulded head in an effort to parallel the culmination of Marconi’s efforts. Here is how I made my first coherer. Nothing like it has ever been patented—therefore this may be copied and sold at random. (Boston papers please copy.) I took a small bottle—broke off the neck, made two corks fit into this “tube” and covered them with tin foil. Then I went junking again. After obtaining fif- teen cents, I very sparingly filed silvei and nickle filings from the respective pieces. \fter connecting two wires to the tin foil plugs, and placing “mixture” between the plugs—I had completed the coherer. The next thing to do was to get a decoherer. This was a simple matter—I stole the door bell. This was a good arrangement as the peddlers did not bother mother then—but I’m agraid that the dear old lady went without spiritual advice a little longer than she should have. My first “mast” was also stolen prop- erty. It was a clothes pole nailed on the wood-house. The first antenna was hay wire. With this apparatus, I listened for one week. Finally I did imagine that | was getting signals but I am not sure now whether I had a right to imagine. With the advent of the Massey coherer, how- ever, I got things going pretty well—and received quite a few ships as well as the naval station in Newport, R. I. As I was the only amateur in town in those days, my parents were beginning to regard me as a prodigy. This opinion was never shared by my brother Jim, however. He thought that my head was a convention hall for hallucinations. He slept with me, poor soul, and many a time o’nights he would nudge me, tell me to shove over or he’d punch me—I was dreaming wireless and he said that I was practicing code on his shins. Soon after this I built an antenna in- sulator of a soda water bottle, the hose of a bicycle pump, and a saucer. This _ in- sulator was the pride of my wireless heart for several years. Anyhow, my father got so _ interested that he presented little Lloydie with $2.75 with which the aforementioned gentleman purchased a quarter-inch Rhumkorf coi! from Sears-Roebuck. Doubtless the sale is recorded in their records—skeptics in doubt as to my veracity may inquire of this firm. I am a bit ahead of my story, however. Be- fore buying the Rhumkorf coil, I tried to make one-—a friend having given me a lot of snarled 36. Did you ever perform on about a pound of 36 that was beyond being ever straightened out? Well, I finally man- aged to get together a very much patched secondary and after many elaborate trials- and much scraping of a primary wire on a file, I decided that my coil was a failure. One day I called PK—which was New port’s call in those days. Lo, and behold, he answered me, and asked who I might be. I wasn’t sure whether to answer—having vague notions that my answering might cause a file of marines to escort me to the naval station. I did answer, however, and |

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QST | etall vere engel t me Is not lUUCLANCE lens; hooks were I spark gaps ised a a eleve me a ot - . ed it t Having inderstan 1916 MARCH, Although I have since bought several hundred dollars worth of stuff, I shall never egret the fact that I formerly had to mak« my own instruments. And some of my best successes have been obtained with the use of home made stuff. (I also like home made mince pik Anyone reading this that wishes te ontribute a pie may shoot it ight along.) Only the other day I wanted a form to hold a ball a socket fo ball and socket adjustment. Betcher can’t guess what I did. I took an old clock key and ent it up to fit the ball—it was perfect. lun this, fellow bug? Would you ha’ « Novel Arrangement of Wireless Code By Ejiliott B. Holl, Providence, R. I. experience would know that this combination must be sie ind quicke1 near the bottom of the chart since the ess code vy re code begins with three dashes. One .will and by using a ind that even without a knowledge of the dimensions, by ode it is possible to receive messages at a f may find the fair rate of speed, and it should not be long than it is to try efore one gains a working knowledge with- and then pract out the bother of tedious study. ng and sending. en prepared fo - T € ought for a ; But these are only i M nding, for the let S ) cally. Many may H ' picking out the - Im tn} coat since wh he whole chart Period K mobination which \ this takes tim R Call e to receive only : " nt slowly 7 (| » we tas ar. Wel 5 e, including num Finish 1) ich a way that (Comma X here to look for Ww B »f dots and dashes int this code on a P Perio paper, placing J 6 n with an added , ; combinations be i ; e beginning with U Q me chart the Con ; 7 il arrangement (to g ceep the card in ? : near your set. ;' hould receive the : d know exactly V 8 nations of dots and d the letter equiv ; i) ved ees he

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MARCH, 1916 ( ~ LY The Radio Station of Mr. P. W. Patch, Dubuque, la. the “loop antenna is of consisting of six hard drawn No. 12 copper wires 100 feet long attached to ten foot spreaders at each end extending in a The ; ype’ aerial or northwesterly direction. Each of the six Wi insulated from the spreaders by three glazed porcelain ball insulators joined in series. Two strain insulators having a tensile strength of 1,000 pounds suspend the aerial between two masts, besides provid- ing a further insulation of 75,000 volts. One of the masts is a steel pole erected on the roof of the house, the top of which is 43 feet above ground. On high ground back of the house, a 40 foot steel tower has been erected having a 16 foot 4 x 4 securely mounted at the top that gives the aerial a height of a little over 50 feet at this end Qn account of the tower being on high ground, there is a difference of nearly 30 wires 18 feet in elevation of the two ends. \s to its details of construction, it closely resembles the towers erected on the Lackawanna Railroad Station, and the Bos- Herald—-but the “United Wireless Sta- tion” (WDR) in Detroit, Mich., is the one it is really designed after, although on a much smaller scale. The “rat tail’ consists of six phosphor bronze wires of seven strands of No. 22 each, that lead from one two lightning arresters on the ex the building. From the lightning two lengths of high tension pirelli “lead-in” wires, connecting ton aerial to terior of arresters ( able serve as the aerial with the apparatus in the ope) ating room. The apparatus is connected with the earth by means of a heavy stranded coppe wire composed of 480 No. 30 B & S. gauge wires—the equivalent of a No. 4 single cop per conductor. This is soldered to the ends of nine discarded boiler tubes taken from one of the government boats. The tubes are 12 feet long and are laid fan shape in.moist ground, giving an exposed surface area ot 100 square feet. This gives a ground connection nearly, if not equally as efficient as a connection to city water main the absence of which made necessary thi extra labor. The receiving apparatus consists of two rotary variable condensers and one adjust able tin foil condenser contained in a cab inet made of bird’s eye maple, stained mahogany with a loose coupler and univer sal detector mounted on top, together with various switches, etc., that enables any of the instruments to be cut in or out of cir cuit or to be adjusted to various wave lengths and capacities as desired. The ceiving transformer has a range of about 600 meters, but for stations using longe waves than this, a large loading coil (double slide tuning coil) is used that increases the range to about 5,000 meters. This is a coil containing 630 feet of wire wrapped on a cylindrical form 18 inches long and 6 inches in diameter. In the construction of the loose-coupler, red fibre is used through out; also in connection with the variable and fixed condensers. The variable con- densers consist of 16 stationary and 15 mov able aluminum plates. while the fixed con- denser consists of 64 sheets of tin foil made adjustable by steps. In the detector, galena (found in this locality) has so far proven to be the most sensitive mineral tested out re- for long distance work. Several pair of Brandes receivers—including their Navy, Transatlantic and Superior types—complete the receiving set, and the extra pairs of phones have proven invaluable a great many times when other amateurs and friends have come around to listen-in. The transmitting apparatus is of the switch-board type. At present it is in ‘ourse of construction and will probably be some little time before every detail is com yleted, although actual tests will be pos sible some time in February. The board is inch and a quarter light pink Tennessee marble 55 x 36 inches divided into three panels and supported by an iron frame above a table on which the receiving appar- atus The center panel is 25% inches sets.

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1916 50 QST MARCH, wide; tl els, 1554 inches. Only board construction. Low down in the cen the cent ised for the mounting condenser in 4 sections—each section con- of appa ing to the transmitting sisting of 12 plates and the whole connected set. in multi-series, adjustable in steps of 6 Wher the set will consist of a 8, 10 and 12 plates from the face of the one kil ore magnetic leakage board (not shown in picture this has transforn } primary variations of only recently been completed); a series pow 20 volts and a second- condenser; an oscillation transformer—a ary pote volts; a compressed- Blitzen Radio coupler revised make aie spa pressure gauge-maxi- possible its adjustment from the face of mum together with high the board; (also not shown in the picture) press ently located for us three “Kermel” switch-board meters—-am eo — — Y \9 XQ 4 6h | es 7 , 100 : ‘ ~ A we ° ied ~~ "4 tr) © ; ANTENNA fi [Bak “ 7 RADIN STATIN: A! * = ry 4 i i O i) TA 4 10, 1 ; | { H\ STATION OF eon P.vY. PATCH LAS DUBUQUE, OYA pat J ‘ while at 8 x 10 glass plate meter, voltmeter and radiation ammeter. and a tl tective device consist- ter of the board is placed a “United Type” ing of enser, graphite resist- or loop-aerial switch, so far in receiving, ances al Two pilot lamps, however, the best results have been ob placed a ters serve to illuminate’ tained with a plain straight-away connec the enti witches, fuses, meters tion. Two 15 ampere, 250 volt refillable and ap] ring adjusting are cartridge fuses protect the entire board mounted of the board while Two 6 ampere, 250 volt cartridge fuse the transf gap, condensers and protect the condensers provided to carry oscillatior are mounted on iron’ off the small charges from kick-backs; while frame wv pe to form an adjust- the other fuses are provided to protect the } able she common in switch- voltmeter and pilot lights. GOVERN™M WISHES TO PLACE MORE EFFECTIVE CONTROL OVER POSSIBLE INTERFERENCE e Speci Commercial stations It is not intended to adopt heroic meas have bee y the Government’ ures nor would it be desirable for an oper Radio Se record of interfer ator to deliberately look for interference; ence expe! the operators in the’ the Department simply wants the actual in course of t r duties. This report terference which an operator experiences ir is to be f the Radio Inspectors his regular work A great deal of inter weekly tain notes on inter ence is caused needlessly and every ope) ference character: “Ama ator should use a little care in testing wher teur broa \mateur interference he might cause interference. If you are on me tation testing on going to test, do not send by the hour o themselves need not memorandum. meters.” be mors even fifteen minutes without listening in for possible interference.

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MARCH, 1916 QST 5l RADIO COMMUNICATIONS BY THE AMATEURS 38 Maple Ave., Stamford, Conn. One fault, however, is that very little has Jan. 6, 1916 been done to help the “Spark Coil Amateur” Mr. C. D. Tuska. do long distance work. Many amateurs are Dear Sir: unable to have current installed in their Have received first two issues of “QST” homes either because they live too far away ind think they are great. from current wires or else they cannot af- I recently came home after being on a_ ford the cost of installation. Cannot ama ix month’s trip on the §S. S. Somerset teurs find some means by which long dis- (KSV) and I find that there have been nu-_ tance work with a spark coil may be im- merous late developments in the “Ama-_ proved? l. MARTIN'S COLLEGE RADIO STATION nie ‘ ert long distance vork has been done by this station. The antenna is 330 feet long, with iverage height of 90 feet, and six wires with a spacing of four feet. The sending apparatus is a lure \ tr ormer, rotary, six sectiot — moulded condenser, and a special helix. The receiving paratus i i Murdo ‘ uupler, twe ariable condensers, 4,000 meter loading inductance, fixed mndenser, crystal detecto and 2400 Ohm phones The sending range is 400 miles, 7CE, Boise, Idaho. rhe sendir cord was 650 miles, 6RJ, lone, Calif. on a Galena detector ; made in May, 1915. The receiving anwve is about 1500 mil and a local weather report is sent out “QST” every evening, except Saturday at 05 p. n This report may be copied by all the amateurs in the Seventh District. teur World,” some of which I know practi- I have tried numerous experiments but ally nothing about, for instance the Oscil- can give only one suggestion for better ating Audion, which I believe to be due work. That is: Place two bridges across largely to the co-operation of the amateur’ the vibrator, one bridge not to be connected operators through the American Radio Re to the vibrator or to the batteries but to lay League. be placed across the vibrator. By means 1 find very few points on which to criti- of a thumb screw the note can be varied. cize the advanced amateur and his work. This arrangement not only produces a

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QST espectfully, \. HENDRICKSON. Huntsville, Ala through the lonely several days ago, | t y of about seventeen yea irrel at the foot of ring the aerial. ] trouble was and she ¥ {yi * : ~ 1 ' aed bbwad &. ~>

ely to wireless. Fo ite twine t il. EK <1 ‘ nd olew down the mast « t it up. She had re aT hin n two weeks. D thing?” I asked. “a eplied, “I used to, but do not now anything about nxing I exan t little set and found it O. K | she liked the work ‘Oh. ve y about it; I listen

also increases the

kilowatt of Murdock moulded speed MARCH, I glanced about the yard and saw sev eral mules and cows, a yard full of chickens, an old-fashioned spinning wheel, in perfect shape, and with thread on it. It looked as if the young lady could operate anything from an old spinning wheel to a modern wireless telegraph. Georgia, writes: Mr. W. I use a B. Pope, Athens, Packard one-quarter kilowatt transmitting set (transformer), balance of set of my own construction. I am in con stant communication with Macon, Geerzia, ee ee ee a — a WELL EQUIPPED RADIO STATION IN YORK, PA. i LEAGUE Statior s eet apart The stati wrned by Mr. H. G. Miller of Y la The a ' itself is at the foot of the pol th ind transmitting, a three quarter tlowatt et 1 used ythine throughout the tation ha i neat bu ‘ i a distance of 100 miles from here. I have just received a letter from Mr. Charle: W. Weber, Abington. Pennsylvania (about 10 miles north of Philadelphia) stating that he has has been hearing a one kilowatt set within 200 miles of him. been hearing me as loudly as he located In addition to a Packard transformer, I use one-quarte three sections condenser, a_ high- giving almost 1,000 in- rotary gap,

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MARCH, 1916 QST terruptions per second, an oscillation trans audion receiver circuit, would tl ircuit former, glass insulator, of my own make be as sensitive and tisfactorv as Arm and wound with edgewise copper strip, and trone circuit? What is meant by “increase in audibility”’ of Sanka an amplifier concern claims to have ! nstrument that increases the audibilit | 1500 times. Does this mean that the sow wave produced has 1500 times the ampli ude and what relation has it to the num er of times the gna strength ! eased (Signed) EDGAR FELIX | , | New Yo City in the ariot Armstro! Y” circults, the | increase in streneth « inal l iu I \ implifying effect as in the ordinary ampli | ier rather than the heterodyne principl Of course, in the Armstro! cireuit, these two effects are combined ut rea! I ease is due to amplification. it is the writer’s opinion noth ty pe ot renerato uch a \ men ) would not I ‘ efficient a th Arn ircuit. Thi due to the peculi ’ \ Ing actio \ n 1 hetwee ctance oil Increase il dibilitv” meat trumen my} eS a given so tain number of times a é of | r is t ena e audibill ! That is. a ‘rtaly ength ot ni ma taken with an at ilitv of one, the he am lification ¢ increase in gnal ( given number tim ne AUudIpity \ more complete discussion of these « ons will be found in Armstrong’s article in “The Proceedings of The Institute of Rad Engineers.”’ Volume 8. No. Radio Station of H. G. Miller at York, Pa an aerial only 75 feet high and 200 feet long, input to transformer, as when heard by above named party, three ampere This is one of the best records | nay o far heard of, as the distance fron Athens, Georgia. to Philadelphia, Pa. between 700 and 800 mile This was a 9:10 P. M. or thereabouts and when cond + tions for wireless were not the be AMPLIFYING QUESTIONS To the Editor “OST,” In the various Armstrong circuits, is th increase in the strength of signals due en tirely to the seat on heterodyne « Tect, or ai there any other effects noticeable which RADIO STATION 9IK cause added response in the phones? I a ea t deal If there were another type of generator, ayi whiel obab d i well-constructec for undamped waves, as efficient as the ipparatu Mr. Matt Chicago, II audion, and if the beat effect produced by owner of the station. Me has spent a xreat deal the generator were utilized on an ordinary time in getting everythir about hi t “just detector circuit as sensitive as the ordinary wht Do you d e sam

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a4 New York, Feb. 7, 1915. My if iSKa: \ thank you for your very courte refully considered reply to my let e 22nd ult., regarding Arm- Not you answered my ques- tions ut you have shown me the en eriousness of the work you rARIO RADIO STATION Rochester, N. Y. rt i “Blitzen” one-half kw. rotary shhogany cabinet with meters am a marble board. The arate sound proof room. The Clapp-Eastham type “D" tun bles. DeForest audion, Strom- coils controlled by telephone car abinet with a hard rubbe face ng instruments. The antenna ucle vire is 50 feet high, and as been wetting very good to hear from amateurs have [ am sure that the Ame Relay League is and will be a gre rough success—imitation and notwithstanding. That igain, I am erely yours, ed) EDGAR FELIX. NEW CHELLE RADIO CLUB \t ! held on Thursday night, Feb. 3, 19 mateur wireless operators of New N. Y. organized a club to be the Radio Club of New Rochelle rpose of this society is to better a er advance wireless teleg- raphy it Rochelle. Of ar membership of twenty the following were elected: President, John B Vice President, Etienne Donovar etary-Treasurer, Thomas Havard, Agent, Edward Bettels. The 1 ippointed a committee QST MARCH, 1916 whose duties it will be to establish and maintain a circulation library of the latest and best books on wireless, and the cur- rent magazines on the same subject. A second committee, the electrical, was ap- pointed te take charge of the experimenting station of the club. This committee will perform its experiments before the mem- bers of the club. FALL RIVER, MASS. HAS NEW CLUB The “Fall River Amateur Wireless Asso- ciation” has recently been formed. Its ob- ject is to advance interest in wireless com- munication in Fall River and vicinity. The officers are: William H. Buffinton, President; Dana Hilliard, Vice-President and Harold C. Bowen, Secretary. “PORTABLE AEROPLANE AND TRENCH RADIO SETS” The Radio Club of America Holds Meeting. At the last meeting of the Radio Club of America, Mr. William Dubilier presented ONE OF THE SPECIAL LICENSE STATIONS Radio station 1ZW is owned and operated by Mr William H. Allison of Worcester, Mass. Mr. Allison has done a great deai of relay work and his station is one of the stars of the New England States. There are few stations which can boast of a more complet« equipment, \ =

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MARCH, 1916 QsT a paper on “Portable Aeroplane and Trench Radio Sets” with special consideration of a type of apparatus developed by the author for utilizing direct currents in producing musical notes without the use of a motor generator set and revolving spark gaps. Mr. Dubilier has recently returned from France and England where he made experiments with these sets. He very interestingly de- scribed in detail, with lantern slides and apparatus, the installations now being used by the Allies for directing artillery fire, and communicating between trenches. Mr. A. S. Blatterman presents very in- teresting paper before Institute of Radio Engineers. At the meeting of the Institute of Radio Engineers, held Jan. 5th., a paper on “Va riations in Nocturnal Transmission” was presented by Mr. Blatterman. It gave a very interesting account of experiments in nocturnal transmission which have been carried on between the University of North Dakota and Washington University in St. Louis, Mo. A number of peculiar effects of value to experimenters in the radio field were quite clearly brought out. The Club invites all amateur radio sta tions in the United States to communicate with them through their secretary, Thomas Havard, 48 John St... New Rochelle, N. Y. Receiving with a Pancake Tuner By E. E House, EDITOR’S NOTE: Mr. House is a firm advocate of the pancake type coils. In this article he tells of the excellent work which may be done and he gives a list of amateu call letters he copied in one evening. Many of our readers may be surprised to see thei call letters here as they do not all know their long distance records. T is generally understood that the pan cake receiving coils are not an efficient type. The writer has been using one for some time and is very well satis fied. In fact, recently, he built over a whole new receiving set into pancake style; even to the 10,000 meter set for undamped waves. The following is a list of stations that the writer hears almost every night, using the single audion (no amplifying arrange ment). The audion is a poor one having Leen knocked down several times so that it sometimes does not work for several days at a time: S8ER, 8EZ, 8GV, 8XAU, 8LF, SYO, 8PL, 8SAMN, 8XP, 8SN, 8ZN, 8AAE, 8LE, 8PB, 8MW, 8FW, 8KP,. 8PE, 8PC, 80Z, 8LD, SRD, 8CT, 8PP, 8TD, 8MV, 8CR, SAD, 8PW, 8MZ, WP, WPR, 8JA, 8GG, 8SCW, SABO, 8AHR, 8CB, 8LW, 8NH, 8US, 3NA, 8CL, 8WP, 8YO, 8CU, 8KU, 9AC, VYN, 9BD, 9NF, 9TM, 9GY, 9IT, 9AA, 9DU. 9AAB, 9GHS, 9NN, 9CY, 9SY, 9SP, 5B, HED, HB. The writer has also heard 5BJ with Galena; also 8AEZ, 8NH, and 8WP very easily. Some of these stations are using as low as one-quarter kilowatt sets. It may be of some interest to the operators to know that they have been heard so far with their sets. Most of their messages came in quite loud; easily loud enough to be read. The writer has also heard NPF, Cape Blanco, Oregon, on a 600 meter wave. His Battle Creek, Mich. coil takes in 600 meter waves and he there fore gets all of the Lake boats and sta tions around the lakes, even as far as Port Arthur. He hears NAA loud enough at times to be able to read him ten to fifteen feet from the phones. His aerial consists of four wires, five feet apart. One hundred feet flat top, fifty feet high, inverted L type. The readers may be interested to know that twenty-eight of the above sta tions were received between 8:45 and 9:20 on the evening of January 29th. ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, RADIO STATION This shows a flashlight picture of ‘the station in the Y. M. C. A. Radio Club. For transmitting « 1 kw. transformer is used with an aerial 75 feet long, and 70 feet high. This station has worked 1ZL, 3NB 8ZO, 8YL, and has been heard by many stations in the East. The Club has at its disposal an audion detector and for receiving,uses an aerial 200 feet long 150 feet high at one end, and 60 feet at the other The call YMCA and Mr. Walter Hoffman, Secretary £ the Club, would like to hear from amateurs who hear their signals

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QST MARCH, 1916 An Interview with the Inventor of the Crystaloi The w mile re« decided him for One Mr. Tu him for and thes lishers presenti First, Crystal ) divided which i highly son, in? found w ing a has a gre inasmucl metal po mineral! most Det compactl; adjustme1 iring tT Detector Further advantages lie in the fact r the wonderful 5,000 ness. cost of operation;—the n the Crystaloi Detector, that there is no Turney and interview Crystaloi requires no battery or potentio- meter and is ever ready to serve under all month, the writer found conditions. laboratory and asked “The latest record made by a Crystaloi,” on concerning the use said Mr. Turney, “is 5,000 miles. Mr. R. —— Detector. The pub- J. Robey, of Richmond, Va., heard a station — — preneure at Lahaina, Hawaiian Islands: Mr. Robey its of this interview. heard the station four different times. We ney explained that his i ; ‘e : E : ; have great hopes for the Crystaloi. vas composed of a finely ‘ ; ; 100 anal thee i . . “Are ‘re many in use’ asked the inter- eat many particles of e there many in us was into contact with a vawwere neral and for this rea- “We have sold 10,000 Crystaloi’s all of ensitive spots can be which have given satisfaction, and have adjustment than turn- seen hard service. About 600 are in com- crew. The Crystaloi mercial use, and the operators are more than ge over other Detectors satisfied. They all get excellent results.” ire several fine, light Then the writer asked Mr. Turney if he tact with a sensitive had any new improvements in the Radio the single point which field. The reply was that several new in- e. The Detector is so _ struments were being designed for amateur use and a catalog of the same was being it cannot get out of never loses it’s sensitive- prepared. Mr. Turney in his Laboratory

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MARCH, 1916 57 S| (>) ( S a = BY Sy \Y ae - _ ' ree NY The arti on audion ! iol tr purpose. In the meantime, vritten by M \. B ‘ e Sa vl eve é f us whether he owns an ave} f the DeForest Ra ‘ lio ead carefully Mr. Cole’s Telephones I ! ecor then put it aside for furthe every wire t vi ‘ utio late ol It is worth keeping m! ial ! \\ eally eem to be getting there or ( ( il rite The number of let é ffi eceived om amateur station owner dle. Pre he country since Mr. Maxim’ f int ( print in last month’s issue ; e outlines in this month’s h ? hes early that in the neal oO The information give Vi ( hall have regular working divi ticle the first time tha of the lates yn he same as a railroad organization. et nov ibout the lion have er Tr} r t thi ib-division and local ether in one article i uch forn each Trunk Line is especially m ! nd ne \ nising because of the fact that it divides di ! ! e improveme! ! ej ie labor. There is so much to do that abi hout ount) \ of people must be identified in th to le an irs in the League read » in order to carry it on. Establishing it ‘ \l ( stations at San Francisco, Chicago and The audio is recarded by the ama e point near New York, is distinctly the 1 , rent one ¢ exne ive t thing for u to do. Let every one of i ly : wi ma ho actually operates and who is quali \ wne ms that the imp ol t te, send in his pick for the best va hat not only d | cal headquarters in the cities mentioned. mpanvil et cost < ‘ it Don’t de and we can get the scheme into sts a lot to lenish bu ut bull vorkins rm before the static begins next \n ordinary bulb was rep ented bv $3.01 €asol Never mind the remonstrance from ind the oy) il} ite é itive ) overworked Se retary. A few more ness at $5.00. if ; he pric% housands of letters in his mail will neve1 orrectly. It was history of eve oticed in the plle. ‘riend who had p audion that he \ ve » to press with this issue Mr. burned his bulb out in th t few weel un’ ry wide relay test has just and this had to be renewed. It seemed an n pulled off. At this writing, we have expensive thing to keep up tically no information as to how far We venture to predict that with the added the message got, and how badly it became light on this vitally importa: ecelving device, which Mr. Cole’s article the cost of upkeep on account of burned out bulbs, will be much reduced and that in time many more they can afford ar heds, that *« amateurs will feel that audion. In most ever ially one of the espe good League Relay stations, which we have illustrated in QS’ the audion bulb figures as the receiving device Some amateurs make use of the audion as a means for receiving continu wave signals, and this, if practical, will add still further to the importance of the audio in the amateur minds. We understand, how ever, that up to this time, the DeForest Company do not approve of the use of the connrmed tater. Mr. ‘or exampie, we that Mr. Readio, LON in Springfield, Mass. heard 9XE when he first started the mes- save oul in led. We do know however, that there every indication that an extremely fine ecord was made, and we expect to see this Kirwan, 9XE_ of gvinated the relay, members and he to QST, all the eceives it himself. Whea be of great interest and enport, iowa, who or ; + T OTL 0 e@ League promised to ena 1n pea soona ne is printed it will istance to the est of us. There will be some unexpected develop ents, in the matter of long distance work. ] have already ascertained ; Davenport. Iowa, and that he

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a8 nea ‘ repeating it on the way ast n Wheeling, W. Va. did his sendi ud the message good enough oa other with taking it down ny n When we hear from the Pacific Coast we expect to find still more urp! Somebody has predicted that ilt of this relay demonstra- QsT MARCH, 1916 You are respectfully requested to discon- tinue transmitting during the Q. S. T. Re- ports of the Naval Stations. These reports are sent out every four hours. Complaint has already been made to the Navy De- partment that much QRM has been given during the Time Signals of N. A. A. and~ the weather and obstructions reports of the NA-Stations. Further notice has been brought to the use of excess power at other periods. Please advise ALL Amateurs to heed this warning and QRX. Safety first. 3TQ. The Publishers of “QST” wish to express their thanks to Mr. Andrews for bringing this to their attention. QRM during these periods is a very serious affair and the LEAGUE can do no more than most ear- nestly recommend than every amateur adopt this rule of Keeping Out during these im- portant periods.—Editor. MR. FLANDERS OF BOSTON, SAYS: I have received all the “QST’s” and ap- preciate the magazine. It gives one such AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE STATION 38ZI >. Burr's station, one of the best east of the Rocky Mountains. Norwalk, Ohio, has probably done more relaying than any other station along The The smaller illustration shows a two kw. With this gap, Mr. Burr radiates 514 amperes on a short wave, with a 460 this station has W Mr. Roy C. whict America Relay League Trunk Lines. rap de M Burr. cycle 880 watts input, an early issue of “QST.” tion, we able to get all the way across thi nent in two relays, that is, three stat QST, QST, QST, DE 3TQ This Means You. An Important Suggestion This station rotary quenched worked 900 miles. A complete description of th delightful little glimpses of the amateur “as he is.” ERRATA The word Amplifier should be substituted for the word Audion in the fifth line of the

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MARCH, 1916 second paragraph, second column on page 24 of the February issue. In this same article, under Notes, Power in kilowatts. COMING ISSUES OF “QST” Among the other good things in store for subscribers of “QST” are articles on “Tuning,” “Receiving,” “Long Distance Work,” and an article on wireless telephony describing a system which worked well on sixty cycles. This article will tell you how the Secretary of the LEAGUE carried on a number of experiments and succeeded in transmitting music a distance of twenty-five miles with one-eighth kilowatt on sixty cycles. It was practical work and you will be pleased to see the article. A number of well-known writers are going to contribute articles to “QST.” INTERESTING MEETING OF THE RADIO CLUB OF AMERICA NEED NOT DISMANTLE RADIO Collector Malone was notified yesterday by the Treasury Department that, in ac- cordance with the advice of Secretary of the Navy Daniels, it is unnecessary to dis- mantle the radio apparatus of bunker coal steamers of belligerent countries which re- main in port for so short a time that it is QsT 59 not necessary for them to enter or clear. In such cases, however, the Collector is in- structed to deliver to the master of the vessel a copy of the printed regulations issued by the Navy Department and inform him that, as the vessel will not have to enter and clear, he will not be required to seal his radio apparatus or to lower his an- tennae, but that the apparatus must not be used in any way, either for transmitting or receiving, until after the vessel has left the limits of the port. THE GROWTH OF “QST” Along with the rapid development of THE AMERICAN RELAY LEAGUE, came the growth of “QST.” Did you notice the four additional pages in the February number? There are four more pages in this issue. That means, we have eight more pages than when we started; thirty-two pages instead of twenty-four. “QST” will continue to grow, if you do your share. If your trial subscription expires with this number, re- new it immediately. If it is going to expire next month, don’t wait until it expires, re- new it today and you will get “QST” for a year. It’s very important that you renew your subscription promptly. A delay may mean the loss of a number. connected ready for use. the market. A New Receiving Set We are now offering our new amateur receiving set, which, while being moderate in price is exceptionally efhcient and pleasing in appearance. It consists of a receiving transformer of special design, detector, fixed and variable condensers and loading coil, all mounted on a finely finished base, It is of sufficient size to allow the reception of time signals from Arlington when used on any amateur aerial, and is the lowest priced receiving set of high quality ever offered for sale. bulletin illustrating and describing this receiving set will be furnished to anyone upon receipt of atwo-cent stamp. Parts of same are sold separately We now have in stock for immediate delivery the New De Forest Audion Detector, much improved and by far the best detector on Get our bulletins The Wireless Mfg. Company Canton, Ohio Our ALWAYS MENTION “QST” WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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LOR INDI IOW A QST

1916 MARCH, atest List of Additions to American Radio Relay League Stations im. as 2 W i i H Lt Theo t OV W. L. Gibsor Be FF } \ Mi hr Sta {F< | { ( Perry Stone Sandreute Kenneth Dewey Raymond A. Sae:vret Wm. A. Marsh : is Merrian George A. Howald C. J. Zimmerman Sherman S. Garrett Raymond W. Eling Radio Asso. Lane John R. Irvin ge W. Carts R A ie Young (reo! Harold Bartor Leland Mille Ralph Knouf reorge Wright Bons D. Brennan A. H. Ford Church loseph ’rof. J trrnor B el Cyr son ZS; } De _ 1 Co May A S} : B S LGR S h Sth St 1b West S Palmers Hill 117 South Division 504 W. Washington St. 6637 Greenwood Ave Cor. Sedgwick & Division St. lth & Taylo Si High Schoo! High School 20 West 26th St. R R. 1 fox 18 1344-21st St Fast St \01 Alpine St. St. University of Iowa 109 W. Ind. St. RI GIR GHAI 6PS i LES Oy YWO YOR INL YDA YPC OPE VAAR 9V J OL I 9TM ISA OYA YWU YTO

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MARCH, 1916 KANSAS Fort Scott Kansas City MARYLAND Middletown MASSACHUSETTS East Sangus MICHIGAN Detroit Detroit Marquette Fort Henry Port Huron MISSOURI St. St. Louis Louis NEBRASKA Lincoln NEW JERSEY Fanwood Great Notch NEW YORK Buffalo Buffalo Gloversville Gloversville Gloversville Lockport Oneida New York City Valley Stream, L. I. NORTH CAROLINA Winston Salem NORTH DAKOTA Pembina OHIO Cambridge Cleveland Dayton Dayton Hamilton Mansfield Mansfield Kenneth W. Wright Wilbur Witcraft Mark Biser Edward Lipson Frederick Bornman Edwin Boyes Albert St. Cyr, Jr. Irving Bell F. J. Seupholm A. Benson Crowdus Lester J. A. ’. Rice William S. Becker Herbert Warner H. L. Moershfelder Sydney Rounthal Raymond S. Baker Otis K. Durfee H. S. Paddock Robert S. Bishop Lloyd Stratton Roland W. Porter J. O. Smith CC. W. Clodfelter Ryan Booker Roy W. Waller J. L. Russell Stanley Copp Carl Linxweiler Willard Schreck Chester Finley Paul L. Hoover 118 West 8th St. 1941 Thompson St. 88 Overlea Ave. 134 Delaware Ave. 170 W. Willis Ave. 319 Harrison St. 819 Wall St. 939 Court St. 2706 Stoddard St. 5047 Washington Ave. 2400 South 14th St. 34 Ketchum Place 116 E. Tupper St. 39 Steele Ave. 310 South Main St. 310 South Main St. 113 Locust St. 14 Seneca St. 1991 Washington 17 Catherine St. 837 North 12th St. 2125 East 79th St. 5 West Mon. Ave. 140 Eagle St. 448 Forest Ave. R. D. No. 9 32 Poplar St, Ave. 61 9JV 9TP 3CY 8QJ SHL 9HK SAIF 8AGR 9VP 9HN 9XT 2ACX 2DN SHP SATN 8FF MWD MWD 8AGL 2ATQ 2DQ 2LK 4CK JAA 8CL 8AL 8LT 8LJ Ws 8AFD 8IC

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62 PENNSY RHODI SOUTH rEXAS VIRGINI Pp WASHINE VW WEST VIR K, WISCONST Ra Well, G. Howard Roy C. Bun an Chester Warren Wright Chas. Candle High School ton E. Nadig tanley Phillip D. L. Irvin Senalis ard C, Andrews thur Wilson Ek. Wynkoop J. Andersen Tilley \ Nichol hk anzte lder M. Smith R. Terry 183 South Pine St. 68 East Elm St. 50 East Elm St. 1119 So. Fountain 2023 North Ash St. Collingwood Ave. 2083 North 4th St. 22nd & Morris Sts 355 45th St. 1048 Chestnut St 735 Lineoln St. 184 Hope St. 8 Colonial St. 303 East 10th St. 218 Crawford St. ~15 Boston St 16 \loie St 202 Prospect Ave. MARCH, 1916 SAGE SRD SNN Ave. SNP SNH 8JD 3GE SH X SA\ ETS 3TQ SBI 3AFL ‘Dp 5AL 7UN 7LO SMI VKE OMA 9HQ 88 New Members ais month: Are you one of ’em? You should be

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MARCH, 1916 Qs Exchange, For Sale and Wanted “Second Hand Apparatus” In order to facilitate the exchange and sale of second hand apparatus “QST” will print, free of charge, want and for sale ads. up to a reasonable number of words. The publishers reserve ; the right to withhold any ad. which is against the policy of this department FOR SALE OR TRADE—Sending and re ceiving set including Brandes 2000 ohm Superior” head set, also Blitzen high frequency coio. Wanted: '4 K. W. trans former, mounted or unmounted. Pr. BE. Nelson, Ft. Smith, Ark. FOR SALE—An R-J4 Audion, good as new, but with bulb burnt out. First takes it. Other materials also for sale. Harold Burhop, 1945 N. 7th St., Sheboy ean, Wis. good offe) Wireless set onsisting of and co! FOR SALE — loose coupler set, with detector denser on base; 1 pr. Murdock phones; 1 Mesco key, value $2.00; %%” spark coil, wire and switches. Price $10.00, or will exchange for a wheel. Frank Cummings 2132 Washington Ave., Bronx, N. Y. FOR EXCHANGE—One Coloy receiving transformer, $5.50; one 1” spark coil; and one electrolytic interrupte) Wanted Murdock or Blitzen variable Geo. M ltearne, Carthage, Ill. FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE—Wieeless r« cei\ing and transmitting outnt in whole or in part. This set has produced exce lent results but the owner can no longe use it on account of studies. Francis B. Southwick, 176 Waban Ave., Waban, Mass. FOR EXCHANGE—110 V. D. C. motor fo 110 or 220 V. A. C. motor or anything oi equal value. Motor is in practically new condition, and is suitable for rotary gap A. Saenz, 146 West 65th St., New Yor! FOR EXCHANGE — One Dundoplex key (similar to Vibroplex), nickel plated value $15.00, for pair of 3000 ohm phones and high-speed motor, an Audion detector, or other wireless goods. F. S. Morrison, 1376 So. Lincoln St., Denver, Col. FOR SALE—One pair Brandes 3200 ohm Navy Type Head-set, just received from factory where both were magnetized and The phones are in $10.00. Robert Ave., Detroit, re-wound. perfect condition. Price W. Orrell, 87 Frederick Mich FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE—Pair of E. I. 2000 ohm receivers for a good va- 13 plate type; 60 ft. of copper ‘ ”. valued at 4c. a foot; 18” x 3-32”, with one recelvel Co.’s riable, ribbon, 4%” x 1-64 9 glass plates, 18” x 3-32 foil; orass switch points, lacquered, 4x \,” with 8-32 thread, fine for rotary gaps. Frederick Gamble, 2412 Putnam S&t., Toledo, Ohio EXCHANGE FOR SENDING APPARA- TUS—A complete receiving set, with ex ception ot phones. Does 1300 miles. Also oscillation transformer and variable send- ing condense} Arthur Mekeel, Box 523, Highland, N. a WANTED—A pair of good phones and a Have a 2 camera and daylight devel- same; also other appara 5225 Woodlawn Ave.., otary variable condenser. Browne No. oping tank for tus R. L. Pentland. Chicago, Ill. FOR SALE head-set (E. IL. ormel (o.): one -One pr. 2000 ohm amateut Co.); % K. W. trans- gap (both E. L. suitable for avoove loose couple} (800 meter) for something suitable. De- Marysville, Wash. coil; one spark condenser, one Audion, cash, o1 bert Westover. COL FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE—Six Murdock two Ferron one key; Blitzen variable condenser parts; Perikon three K. W. fixed gap; other ma- Kast sections: detectors; detector, terial and parts. Roy C. Burr, 68 Elm St., Norwalk, Ohio. VW ANTED—Audion detector No. R. J. 4. Must be reasonable. Harold I. Sticher, 15 Bedford Ave., Monticello, N. Y.

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64 FOR SA EXCHANGE — *% K. W. Blitzé mel Ferron detector star te tuner: 4” coil; 20 spec gap motor; 1000 ohm é Maurice B. Rann, Mor ri FOR SAI neh Mesco spark coil in ex tion Justus Agnoli, 16 Pu Island City, N. Y. FOR SAI EXCHANGE—One type B cryst n good condition, $2.25; 10% olt Lightning Switch, part $1.50. Wanted; Blitzen or M ite rotary variable con- dens« leyer, L382 N. 13th St., Shel WANTED tham Blitzen receiv- ing t nd variable condenser. Pri abl Murdock de- tect ade. H. D. Mattox, 260 W Pomona, Calif. FOR SAI DeForest Audions, no rer \ Wanted a burnt out A owest price. Wm. P. Earle White Plains, N. Y. FOR SAI EXCHANGE — “Dazzler” bicycl $1.00; also one second hand “S imp in good condition. Will Wanted: good rotary varia it a reasonable price. E. H. § Normandy Ave., Roch eater. } FOR SALI W otary, $15.00. All comn nswered. Harold Bur- hop. 19 St Sheboygan, Wis. Blitzen receiving set FOR SALI g parts: of same. Will in g sell cl s, Little Valley, N. y BARG AIN B ] ldog spark coil without $2.00; one commercial $5.01 e % K. W. Thordor- son tra t $18.00), $9.50. Must sell King, 462 Pine St.. New O EXCHANG W. Clapp-Eastham transf W. Thordarson with varial boot. Write me your wants N. Elm St., Water- bury, FOR SALI astham half K. W. Hightor mplete with continuous primary t, $75. C. E. Type D Comm: nahogany case with mounté ost $100, $70. Blit- zen Re th self-contained de- tector oplex key, $7. l Highg iph, $15, all in new conditior erwood, Room 437 49 Providence, R. I. Westmi: QST 1916 MARCH, FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE: All kinds of wireless apparatus, including 80 watt dynamo, one to one transformer for audi- on amplifier, audion attachments, etc. Am in need of head-set, loose-coupler, vari- ables, etc. Write me what you want or need. J. W. Holligan, 328 East 19th St., New York, N. , a FOR SALE—The best text book of wire- less telegraphy. Written by Dr. Zen- neck. The book is noted for its wonder- and is an authority on Officers of the League ful illustrations the subject. The can recommend no better book Price $4.00. The Secretary AMERICAN RA- DIO RELAY LEAGUE, Hartford, Conn. EXCHANGE: Harley engine In per- FOR SALE OR Davison 5 h.p. motor cycle fect condition, new 2A Browne Camera, $15 New Mirrorscope for gas; K. D. bat- tery motor cost $5.00 will sell for $3.00 Sydney Rosenthal 116 E. Tupper St., Buf- falo, N. Y. FOR SALE: 3 Galena detectors 30c. each; Brandes superior phones, two 4- volt motors each; 1 automatic tele- graph teacher with tape, 50c.; Murdock 1500 ohm phones brand new, super-sensi- tive, $3.50; two extra heavy wireless keys, oO 6 35.00; 50e. $1.60 each: Mesco fixed condenser, 40c.; 14Kw. spark gap, 75c.; postage on all, extra. Clinton B. Stanley, 153 Mariner St., Buffalo, N. Y. WANTED: Articles, photographs, any- thing that interests the amateurs. For “QST.” The Editors, AMERICAN RA- DIO RELAY LEAGUE, Hartford, Conn. month, a brand brand new wireless brand new articles FOR EXCHANGE: Each new number, of a magazine, filled with on brand new subjects. Will exchange twelve numbers of this brand new wire- less magazine, “QST,” for one dollar. Ad- dress, Secretary, AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE, Hartford, Conn. WANTED: Subscription agents for “QST.’ Help yourself, help the LEAGUE, help everybody. Address, AMERICAN RA- DIO RELAY LEAGUE, Circulation Agent, Hartford, Conn. FOR SALE—One pair 1000 ohm Murdock phones; parts of Murdock $8.00 variable slide plate condenser; $6.00 Radio Equip- ment Co. loose coupler (new); %” spark cat-whisker detector; also a coil; one Morse key. Will sell separately to the highest bidder or will exchange. Wil- liam Wunder, 5801 Germantown Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. FOR SALE: Halcum Rotary Spark Gap, cost $12.00, will sell for $10.00. Geo. W. Bonson, 287 East St., Dubuque, Ia.

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MARCH, 1916 QST General Notice! to the Licensed Amateurs of the U. S. HEADQUARTERS: Hartford, Conn., Jan. 24th, 1916. On the first of December, the League membership numbered 635. On the tenth of January, it numbered 961. This indicates the favorable attitude of the amateurs of the country toward an operating organization for relay work and for the mutual distribution of information. If this interest continues to grow, we can count upon veing able to number ourselves among the strong organizations of the country. The amateurs of the country by this time are probably confident that the officers n charge of the American Radio Relay League are sincere in their efforts to make the transmitting of long distance amateur messages by relay a success, and that there is no money making scheme connected with the matter in any way. Hundreds of letters received since “QST” has been published indicate this very clearly. Unfortunately, however, it requires money in addition to hard work in order to answer the large correspondence from a membership of nearly one thousand and as many more amateurs to enter. This money can only be obtained through voluntary subscriptions, of which there have been several, and the sale of STATION APPOINTMENT CERTIFICATES, LIST OF STATIONS BOOK, and QST MAGAZINE. of our organization depends upon Every amateur should under- who are not in the League, but want We have no other source of income, and the success all of us coming forward and buying these three things. stand this. and do his share, both oy ordering himself and also exerting his influence to see that his friends who are interested in wireless do the same It is not as though the three things ordered are not necessary. They are not to be compared with a pennant or a button or a pin. Every one of them is a help toward improving a station and assisting in carrying on relay work. The STATION APPOINT- MENT CERTIFICATE insures an orderly and systematic appointment method whereby The LIST OF STATIONS BOOK shows the call letters, relay stations are indicated. location, and all the details regarding every other relay station in the country. IST” keeps every one iniormed on successful amateur station operating. These ce things, thereiore, constitute three honest and legitimate necessities, and the officers have worked hard to produce them. Now that they are produced. and the hardest part ol the work done, we only have to support them in order to make our scheme a success. tO MAKE IT EASY, coupons of four different combinations have been printed and every amateur is u to send in one of them properly filled in, and not delay doing THE AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE, INC.

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COUPON PAGE These coupons are meant to make it easy for you to do your share. REMEMBER--To keep this League going every one of us must do his bit AM .¥ RADIO RELAY LEAGUE, Hart ni er — please find $2.00 for which kindly send me my Certificate of Appointment, h Stations book, one pad of message blanks, and “QST” for one year Nal nd State (cut off here) AMI 1 RADIO RELAY LEAGUE, Hartf ni Gent ease find $.50 for which send me by return mail the List of Stations book ree months trial subscription to “QST.” Nan nd State (cut off here) AMI RADIO RELAY LEAGUE, Hartf Gent my name for a year’s subscription to “QST”; I am enclosing $1.00 Nar nd State (cut off here) AMER RADIO RELAY LEAGUE, Hartf Gentler I ing $5 for which kindly send me by return mail Zenneck’s Wireless Teleg | enter my name for a year’s subscription to “QST.” Nam«¢ ind State ecccccccesecccccoscsccscess ccecccee

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Amplifying Receivers MICA DIAPHRAGMS Over a year ago we introduced the wonderful Amplifying Receivers. They are tested and tried. * We guarantee you will hear stations unheard on receivers of the regular type. member should have a pair of Amplifying Receivers if he wants to work over maximum distance. Every A. R. R. L. Special Price, $24.00 Per Pair Complete F O. B., Philadelphia, Pa. Radio Apparatus Co. of America PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA PARHWAY BUILDING Our Standard Loose Coupler The greatest thing out. 7 in. high, 7 in. wide, 15 in. over all. Wound with Ena- ameled wire (secondary with silk, if de- sired), has double slide and eight taps, with heavy rheostat handle. Woodwork mahogany finished. Price, $7.00. Also have a new one, 6in. high, 6 in. wide, 14 in. over all, wound with same wire, but with single slide. Only $4.50. F. B. CHAMBERS & CO. 2046 Arch Street Philadelphia, Pa. “Mignon - System”’ The Last Word in Radio Signal Receiving Apparatus for Commercial and Amateur Use WNT ADM SEEK 7 MIGNON sySTEM na AD 1 ° SEBS FO NNN QS Unapproached Selectivity Sensitiveness and Durability WRITE FOR CATALOG Dept. A Mignon Wireless Corp. Specialists in Radio Receiving Apparatus Elmira - N. Y. ALWAYS MENTION “QST” WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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Klitzrn Apparatus means Efficiency Klitzen Rotary complete $12.00 | Marble base, Bakelite Disc, Universal Motor, operates on 110-130 volts AC-DC. 25-60 cycles. 6000 r.p.m Motor only, $6.50 -—s Disc complete, $2.50 Klitzen Wireless Apparatus Company 1123 @errick Avenue, Racine, Wisconsin Radio Telegraph and Telephone Engineering \ LARGE CATALOG on Radio Telephone and Tele- rap! Instruments; Steel Towers and Masts: High and ny Frequency Motor-Generators; Rotary Converters; Switch-boards and Parts; High Tension Insulators; Stor- e Batteries and a complete line of Radio Construction Material: now ready for distribution. Please remit ten ents to cover postage. Our specially designed and anufactured apparatus is giving a high state of satis- ‘tion throughout the country, as we have eminent radio engineers in our service. We solicit your inquiries for information or quotations. Stations, Antennae, Instruments Designed and Constructed Eastern Scientific Apparatus Co. West Roxbury, Boston, Mass. \LWAYS MENTION “QST” WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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(ZS ‘| received messagestrom San Francisco—2100 miles- WITH CRYSTALOI July 9th, while at anchor in Kahului Harbor Haw allan Islan is | copied K ” H San Fran c'sco Press with Crystaloi, at a distance of 2100 miles. (Signed,) A. H. Randow, Oper- ator, 5. S Dakotan CRYSTALOI The highly sensitive, permanent WIRELESS DETECTOR is making new records like this every day THREE TYPES TY PE Uv Dimensions 2yxl inches ° Mailing Weight, l lb. PRICE, $3.50 TYPE AA Dimensions 4x3! nches Eq pT ed with cohering inductance Mailing Weight, 2 lbs. PRICE, $6.00 TY PE BB Dimensions 7%x5! ) Ko 1 9 inches Equipped with cohering inductance, fixed condenser, buzzer, test and [re quency control, Mailing Weight, 4 lbs. PRICE, $12.00 All live dealers carry Crystaloi. If your dealer cannot supply you, write us. Catalog ‘‘D’’ fully describing Crystaloi and all eur other High Class Receiving Apparatus, sent on receipt of 5 cents in stamps 2695 THIRD AVENUE Eugene T. Turney Co., Inc. NEW YORK CITY Wy CRYsTALO 1 ort Brandes Radio Headsets SUPERIOR TYPE, $5.00 Made for Long Distance Reading Send 4c in stamps for our new Catalog “‘F” of select Wireless Apparatus :. Brandes, Inc. 32 Union Square, Room 821 New York FOR SALE! Clapp-Eastman half K. W. Hightone set com- plete with continuous primary adjustment $75. C. E. Type D Commercial Tuner. mahogany case with mounted loading coil, cost $100 $70. Blitzen Receiving Set with self-contained You May Learn Theory, Code and Laws of Radio Communication In Our School or at Your Home, fitting you for positions paying good sala- ries with wonderful chance to travel the world over. It’s the most interesting pro- fession known and the demand for skilled detector $18. operators is increasing. Send stamp for 1 Vibroplex Key $7. catalog, which gives full information. ° . 1 Highgrade Onnigraph $15. NATIONAL RADIO SCHOOL, 1405 U St. Washington, D. C. ALL IN NEW CONDITION F. UNDERWOOD Room 437, 49 Westminster St., Providence, R. [.

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DUCK’S 5 and winetess caracog MORE THA Only Sc. in stamps will bring this unriy alled catalog to your home The great cost of catalog and the exceptionally low prices (oftentimes fully 25% below usual retail price prohibits its distribution therwise. You may deduct the &c. on first $1.00 purchase i ne SU BS See y tor delivery to eager electrical and wireless enthusiasts in all parts ot ynsecutive shipn ents ot catalogs to our patrons during last Noverrber WHAT OUR BIC CATALOC CONTAINS s nagnet wire of ail kinds, raw material, storage batteries, telegraph in nmercial motors and generators, sewing machine motors, telephones, ssage brators, bells push buttons, auto accessories, flash lights, hand nps, hristmas tree outfits, voltn eters, anmeters, lightir & plants, vic anes, model bu lders, electri railw ays, electrical and mechanical books ! j ind general electrical supplies THE WM. B. DUCK CO. 236-238 SUPERIOR ST. TOLEDO - OHIO YS MENTION “QST” WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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NEW DE FOREST AUDION APPARATUS “INCOMPARABLY SUPERIOR TO ANY OTHER KNOWN FORM OF DETECTOR” We have improved the Audion, both in efficiency and edaptability. It was “fully 50 per cent more sensi- tive than any other known form of detector” (Bulletin U. S. Bureau of Standards, Vol. 6, No. 4, Page 540). De Forest Audion Detector Type RJS8~—Price, $25.00 It is now even more efficient. Briefly, the former “step by step’’ switch controlling the high voltage or “B”’ battery circuit, has been replaced by a special potentiometer. The high voltage of “B” battery is no longer in the instrument or furnished with it, but is to be supplied by the user, and connected externally, where the cells may be tested readily. The instruments are of the popular panel type. Greater value is furnished for the price for these reasons. We build also a line of complete receiving cabinets, incorporating suitable and specially designed tuning equipment of a quality and efficiency comparable to this peerless detector. The maximum of long distance operation can only be obtained with this justly famous detector in connection with our special Audion Tuning Equipment, de- signed and built as no one but the manufact- urers of the Audion can build it. It will be worth a two-cent stamp for you to be informed on the Audion and these new De Forest Audion Detector instruments. Type R J 9—Price, $14.00 “THERE IS ONLY ONE AUDION---THE DE FOREST” SEND STAMP FOR BULLETIN 16X ON THE NEW AUDIONS DE FOREST RADIO TELEPHONE & TELEGRAPH COMPANY 101 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y. ALWAYS MENTION “QST” WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS

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New Mesco Radio Apparatus ROTARY SPARK GAP SEND FOR tt LW ATALOG H \ und and one ways where electrical devices may be used, and to know purpose you need this catalog It costs vou thing END FOR OUR NO. 17 MANUAL WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY W We ask ten cents ($.10 for it— give you a coupon receipt which can yn any order amounting to One Dollar $1) or more a Manhattan Electrical Supply Co. CHICAGO 14 S. Sth Ave l SAN FRANCISCO 604 Mission Stre« LOUIS Pine St