Popular Science Monthly 1927-03: Vol 110 Iss 3

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1¢ GAZINE OF NEW DISCOVERIES AND U A A aauilane FOUNDED’

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_ Always sharp! Always safe! Sharp!.... because Plumb-tempered steel holds a keen edge through all kinds of cutting. Safe!....because when the handle loosens (as all handles do) you just turn the screw and it’s tight as new again. No loose head spoils the balance, or ruins your work. Plumb’s method of treating the steel gives great strength across the eye. The Plumb- designed handle gives a sure, easy grip. It’s a real hatchet,—this Plumb. You can sink it deep—or slice just a shaving. Plumb balance sends the blade where you aim it. Have a real hatchet... Plumb Tools. FAYETTE R. PLUMB, Inc. Philadelphia, U. S. A. DOUBLE LIFE Files Sledges Axes® . one that stays sharp; one that stays safe. Get a Plumb in your hardware store. Red Handle and Black Head identifies the Plumb Hatchet and other Hammers Hatchets ] wa. Plumb Hatchet tbat At good hardware Ties stores everywhere: No. 2962, Size 2,— $1.60 (except in far West and Canada).

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March, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Write for the FREE book on “How to Judge a Used Car’’—coupon below! First rate Studebaker values for the Second buyer ————— Pledge to the Public on Used Car Sales | Allused cars offered to the public shall be honestly represented. i} 1] i | If a car is suitable only for a mechanic who can rebuild it, or for some one | who expects only a few months’ rough usage on a camping trip, it must | be sold on that basis. Each car must be sold for just what it is. A 2 All Studebaker automobiles which are sold as CERTIFIED | CARS have been properly reconditioned, and carry a 30- || day guarantee for replacement of defective parts and free 1 service On adjustments. | | | | | This is possitle because tremendous reserve mileage has been built into every Studebaker, which it is impossible to exhaust in years. 3 Every used car is conspicuously marked with its price in plain figures, and that price, just as the price of our new cars, is rigidly maintained. The public can deal in confidence and safety only with the dialer whose policy is “one price only—the same price to all.” For, to sell cars on this basis, every one of them must be honestly priced to begin with. 4 Every purchaser of a used car may drive it for five days, and then, if not satisfied for any reason, turn it back and apply the money paid as a credit on the purchase of any other car in stock—new or used. Tt is assumed, of course, that the car has not been smashed up by collision | or other accident in the meantime Not only to the public, but also to The Studebaker Corporation of America, | whose cars we sell, we pledge adherence to the above policy in selling used cars. Yo Seba Studebaker Corgoration of America ——— Used Studebakers, like new Studebakers, can be bought on the Budget Payment Plan HEN the average Studebaker owner trades in his car, it is not because he has exhausted its mileage possibilities. It is because he likes the latest Studebaker models sowell he is willing to sac- rifice something for the satisfaction of owning one. His sacrifice opens the way to an exceptionally good buy for somebody else. The car has scores of thousands of miles of unused transportation. The fact that 944 Studebaker owners have driven their cars from 100,000 to 300,000 miles is convincing evidence of the excess mileage built into Studebaker cars by One-Profit manufacture. Buy a cheaply-built new car and you’ ll always know it was cheaply-built. So will your neighbors. But a Certified Studebaker will give you satisfac- tion and pride of ownership that no cheaply-built car could ever give. The famous Studebaker Pledge shown here not only expresses the dealer’s confidence in the enduring performance of Studebaker cars, but backs up the quality of his own work in recondi- tioning Certified Studebakers. A Free Book That Will Save You Money Experts who buy used cars for Studebaker dealershave fur- nished material forthis frank andhelpful book. / 7> It tells you what to look for and what to y | %&,~ avoid in purchasing a used car. No such Ad ay, Widp J Sed Se valuable guide was ever before offered a oe to the public at any price. LE? me ff bY Send for this FREE BOOK! be STuDEBAKER CorpPoRATION OF AMERICA artment 56, South Bend, Indiana % ps ase send my copy of valuable free booklet, “How to Judge a | | Used Car.”’ | Vame - i ee — Sanne oe iin te

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STRIKING NEw FEATURES IN THIS ISSUE ITH MonTHLY appears in a new dress. New features, a greater diversity of this issue Poputar ScrENCE material, and the first of a notable new series of cover designs all contribute to make it “‘the most interesting magazine in the world.”’ No other magazine is quite like it. None has its infinite variety, its provocative charm and its tremendous personal value. Dedicated more than a half century ago to the service of folk who demand more than a casual knowledge of the amazing achieve- ments that are constantly changing our lives, Poputar Science Montuiy always has proved worthy of its heritage — always has moved forward with the times. Improvements and changes have kept us youthful and vigorous. And so with all of the that made PopuLar Scrence MonTtuiy famous, and new features continued have and fascinating ones added, we feel that this issue marks the beginning of the most bril- liant period in our history. HE striking painting reproduced on our cover is the first of a remarkable series of covers each of which depicts the spirit of some field of science. This month's cover is by Frederico LeBrun, distinguished Italian artist, whose work is attracting widespread interest. No magazine has ever published anything like this series of covers. In this issue also, we publish fiction for the first time. This expansion of our editorial plan is undertaken in the belief that in this way we can best preserve the qualities of human appeal in presenting to our readers some phases of the tremendous drama of science, and its effect on our lives. On page 14 you will find the first install- ment of ‘‘Bare Hands,’’ Hawthorne Daniel's new novel, and on page 30 “‘Midge,”’ a short story by Edmund M. Littell. We have been gathering a brilliant group of stories—stories vibrant with life and written with authority —and will publish them in PopuLar ScieNCcE Montuty from month to month. EGINNING in this issue, also, is Frank Parker Stockbridge’s remarkable story of Glenn Curtiss, one of the most amazing menin America today. It is nearly a year since the editors of Poputar Science Montuiy asked Mr. Stockbridge to prepare this series. The quest of it has taken him from Canada to Florida, through a hurricane and a motor wreck. But when you read it, you will agree that it is worth the effort. In planning this issue and those that are to come, we have had the aid of leading experts in making the magazine more beautiful and easier to read. The arrangement of every picture and the selection of every bit of type have been considered carefully that we might make PopuLtar Science MONTHLY more in- tensely human, more vital to you.—S. N. B.

3. Popular Science Monthly is published Avenue, New York, N. Y., by the Popular kintered as second-class matter Dec. 28, York under the act of March 3, as second-class matter at Chicago, Illinois tered as second-class matter at the Post Office Department, Can- Printed in U.S. A. Copyright 1927, by the vopular Science Single copy, 25 ceuts. Yearly subscription to 250 Fourth United States, its possessions, and Canada, $2.50; foreign countries, $3. The conteats of this magazine must not be reprinted without per- mission. In presenting in its editorial columns numerous stories of new products of applied science, Popular Science Monthly does not underwrite the business methods of the individuals or concerns pro- use Of Popular Science Monthly articles for stock-selling schemes is never authorized. O. B. Capen, President and ducing them. The ‘Treasurer; R. C. Wilson, Vice-President; A. L. Cole, Secretary.

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March, 1927 «Add the new Balkite Combination

Three New Balkite “B’’s Balkite ““B’” eliminates “B” bat- teriesand supplies’ *B”’ current from the light socket. Three models. Bal- 2 kite * *B’-W at $27.50 for sets of 5 tubes or less requiring 67 to 90 volts. Balkite “‘B’’-X (illustrated) for sets of 8 tubes or less; capacity 30 milli-

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Now you can operate your radio set from the light socket, merely by add- ing the new Balkite Combination Radio Power Unit. Once connected U. S. PATENT, OCT. to your radio set now with your’A” battery it supplies all radio power automatically from the light socket Like all Balkite Radio Power Units it has no tubes, nothing to replace or renew, and is a permanent piece of equipment that will serve you not . amperes at 135 volts—$42. Balkite Pd “B”-Y for any radio set; unreey : 40 milliamperes at 150 vo Its—$69. (Inc -anada: “BreW $39; “B”-X $59.50; “BY $96.)

Has a low trickle charge rate anda hig! h rate for rapid charging. Can thr usb ye used either asa trickle or as i1igh rate charger. Noiseless. Ra ites: with 6-volt battery, 2.5 and -5 amperes; with 4-volt battery, .8 n : 2 ampere Price $19.50. (West

Balkite Trickle i $10 For those who require a charger of limited capacity only. Can be left on < ntinuc ous charge thus auto- matically keeping the battery at full Power. Over 300,000 in use. Rate .5 ampere. Price $10. West of Rockies $10.50. (In Canada $15.) All B balk ite Units operate from 110-120 volt, 50-60 cycle AC, except the Balkite Charger which ts also made in 25-40 cycle model.

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OO to your “A” battery and set and plugged into the light socket, it sup- plies automatic power to both circuits. You need not even turn it off and on for it is controlled by the filament only this year, but for years to come. It is noiseless in operation. It serves any set now using either 4 or 6-volt ity ” . * -.« A” batteries and requiring up to 30 milliamperes at 135 volts of “B” switch already on

our set. Whenever s WALTER DAMROSCH you turn on your : d the set you will find Bal- = “ng ew ston oi. NEW YORK SYMPHONY The New Balkite Trickle and — on the air High Rate Charger waysready to operate Every other Saturday night a symphony concert. On alter- nate Saturdays one of Mr. Damrosch’s famous piano recitals. Over stations: WEAF, WEEI, WGR, WFI, WCAE, WSAI, WTAM, WWJ, WGN, with full even silent power. It will give a constant quality of reception that can- of Rockies $20. In Canada $27.50.) not be secured in any WCCO, KSD, WDAF, WOC, WCAP. other way. Balkite Combina- Balkite Hour SATURDAY EVENINGS 9pm. Eastern (80.m.Central ) Standard Time tion can be installed

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FAN STEEL current—any set of 8 tubes or less, in- cluding power tubes. Add Balkite Com- bination to your ra- dio set and know the pleasure and conve- nience of owning a set always ready to operate at full power. Price $59.50. {$83 in Canada.} Ask your dealer. Fansteel Products Co., Inc., North Chicago, Ill. Balkite ° Radio Power Units

© This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 1927 ‘eas increase profits by using — evn. | Lyeos, the Sixth Sense~ ciency Zycos Bath Thermometers To enab rou 7e e re rood E eget ag aiiieaniiiee NE bread baker serving 30,000 customers a day Says that Yarlor Home Set Jycos Instruments have helped materially in building up one Bake Oven Thermometer, Candy # ; . ‘ Thermometer, Sugar Meter. The of the largest retail bakeries in the world—temperatures are secret of accurate results in Cooking. Hl d : ‘ b kj d b d x. I Soce Wall Thermometers controlle enact y—2 necessity in Da ing ai read. fycos nstru- To help — ot ae ments, the Sixth Sense of Industry, make possible a better product and in your 1011Sse ondaucive C Z00% i i aa at a lower cost of production—for this one company Zycos Instruments Tavlor Quality Compasses ee f, h | P h 39 To show you the right way in un pay or themseives many times Over eac year. gmt Not only are Zycos Instruments saving money in manufacturing where Zycos Fever Thermometers pina te ng a AO heat processes are used but what is even more important to manufac- il turers their use insures a uniform quality of product—the reduction of “orecasts the weather we y-fC " ; ' : hours ahead with dependable accuracy wastage in manufacturing and the satisfaction of the dealer and ultimate Tycos Hygrometer . To enable you to keep the humidity consumer, 4 yy: ~onegaee caaaleaemaee Whether you make steel or bread, furniture, ice cream, tools, candy, ; or any other product that goes through manufacturing processes that require the indicating, recording or controlling-of temperature, there is Tvcos for the Medical Profession a type and style of instrument in the Zycogs line of 8,000 varieties that Ns Beckine will help you. Informative literature on any type of instrument will be “neste sent you promptly on request. Or our engineer will consult with you Fycos Fever Thermometers. on the application of Zycos to your particular manufacturing problem. Your dealer will show them to you. Ask us, on a postal, for booklets on ods laylor Instrument Companies ROCHESTER,N.Y. - - U.S.A. Canadian Plant: %eos BUILDING, TORONTO SHORT & MASON, Ltd., Manufacturing Distributors in Great Britain ——_ 4 THE ~ SIXTH ~ SENGE ~- QF ~ INDUSTSR 4 cos Temperature [Instruments INDICATING - RECORDING ~ CONTROLLING © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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March, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY SEEING : MORE THAN THE MICROSCOPE . . . Electrons, which are very important in radio, are too small for any microscope to make visible. Yet our eyes can watch their paths -—study cheir habits. In the laboratories where Radiotrons are studied there are instruments | which make all these | things possible—and more. » : Knowing how many elec- trons leap across from the '- filament to the plate of a |. vacuum tube is in its way }, Sey $ yj. is abstruse a study as the // measurement of distant \’ te 104 ~» stars by astronomists. Yet 4” this abstruse research has ,’ a definite application in the RCA Radiotron in }- your radio set. Thatis why + C) I ; the laboratories back of -/ ? RCA spend millions in ; scientific research that is |. Do you get a blast when you turn the volume up a ghee. AAT bir? Do you get sweet, clear tone at low volume, science” for an ordinary at ; rap ; manufacturer. \ but noise when it’s louder? The trouble’s probably Radiotrons are improved \ right in one tube—the tube in the last audio stage. 3 and new?ones® avel- tv ; : . . : nd ney ees, | The Radiotron laboratories discovered that no ordi- ~4 oped, to make radio bet- i ter. Because this research |. nary tube can let big volume through clearly. Change 5 shows in resu/ts, Radiotron ' users kestrie Hee Be: one tube to an RCA power Radiotron. Then turn tories busy! is up the volume... . and it comes through clear! Watch your tubes, always, a ¥ er A for the RCA mark. You Bring your storage battery set up-to-date with r will find it on Radiotrons j @ power RADIOTRON UX-171 or UX-112 ie: for erery purpose. a detector RADIOTRON UX-200-A and RADIOTRONS UX-201-A for all-round quality. Bring your dry battery set up-to-date with @ power RADIOTRON UX-120 and RADIOTRONS UX-199 for all-round quality. RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICA - NEW YORK - CHICAGO - SAN FRANCISCO RCA Kadiotron MAUD) ey T Ht Me¥Ac Kak ES Oo 144 RUASD SS eee si with ud © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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6 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 1927 At 34 Grorce Scort Is Planning To Be Financially Independent at 54 By WALLACE AMES, Financial Editor EORGE SCOTT is now 34 vears old, married, the father of three little girls, and holds anexecutive posi- tion with a large public utility organ- ization. Let Scott tell in his own words how he is looking ahead and planning ahead financially: ‘‘As I was married soon after leav- ing college my outlay for living ex- penses was quite rapidly on the up- grade for several years. But fortunately I had gotten into just the kind of work I was suited for and my advance- ment in business responsibility and in income kept pace with my increas- ing needs. But IJ didn’t lay by much of anything until after my youngest daughter was past a year old. ‘Two years ago my wife and I laid out a program to ‘peg’ our normal liv- ing expenses at about what they were then running and set down a definite program to take care of us and our children in later years. ‘There were two things that influ- enced me to do this. Of course, one was the realization that I owed a responsibility to my wife and family beyond merely providing them with a good living as we went along. The other was the fact that in all likeli- hood my best earning years were the fifteen or twenty immediatelv ahead and that was the time to provide for years of possibly declining earnings and years of retirement. ‘If all goes well I will keep on ad- vancing my income for the next fifteen years at least. And the plan my wife and I are carrying out will enable us during those years of peak earnings to buy years of independence later on. “TN WORKING out our plan I got the firm of invest- ment bankers. When I tirst went to them I put all the cards on the table. I had heard that they made it a point to give real personal service to their investment customers and I wanted them to know the circumstances with which I had to work so that they could give my case the right kind of treatment. _ “Of course I do not know how much money | am going to make in the future. So the plan we adopted may be changed from time to time. But we did have some definite facts to go assistance of on and the program is based on them. ‘In the first place, after carefully budgeting our family expenses we found out that we could maintain a satisfactory standard of living on $4,200 a year. Therefore, when I am ready to retire I want to have at least $4,200 a year of independent income. A New Service for Readers of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY HIS new Department is to help readers in the establish- ment, of, proper financial pro- grams at the beginning of their business Careers; it assists those who have accumulated money in the proper investment of it so that it will be safe and so that it will grow. The Editor of this Department is an authority on investment mattersand he will not only every month give the readers interest- ing and useful information in his articles, but is also ready to aid in personalinvestment problems. lebsive will be gladly given re- garding the proper investment of loads and proper plans of saving. Address all your inquiries to Wallace Ames, Financial Editor, POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York. Any advertising appearing in this section will be carefully in- vestigated by the Publisher of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. Readers can be sure that com- panies advertising are reliable and that they offer securities which represent sound financial investments. While investments obviously cannot be guaranteed by the Publisher, every effort will be made to insure that only advertisements of absolutely re- liable companies are accepted. ‘In the second place, it will take $70,000 at 6% to bring in an annual independent income of $4,200. To be on the safe side we set my goal at $75,000 and determined to reach it in not more than twenty years. The firm of investment bankers who helped lav out the plan showed me some fig- According to them, if I iny ested $162.93 monthly at 6°% and reinvested the interest at the same rate I would have $75,000 in 20 years. ures. “That meant saving and investing $1,955.16 yearly. At the time we started the plan my income was $6,000 which after taking out $4,200 for liv- ing expenses did not leave quite enough. But my wife and I were anxious to get started at once so we re-budgeted our expenses to fit the new program. That was two years ago. Now my income is $7,500. We have boosted our expense budget to $4,500 and still have about $1,000 a year surplus in addition to keeping r up the monthly investment of $162.93. ‘In a few years we will probably put our surplus into a home, and have already increased my line of life insurance, but whatever else we do we intend to let nothing interfere with getting that $75,000 in twenty years.”’ [N PRINCIPLE there is nothing about the George Scott plan that any man or woman cannot follow. And how much more sensible, how much more comfortable it is to direct one’s financial progress by some sucl long-term plan than to drift along with little or no plan at all. Any reliable investment banker stands ready to assist in developing a schedule to achieve the desired result through monthly, semi-annual or an- nual investment of a definite sum. Naturally the longer the planned period of investment the smaller the annual sum necessary to gain the ob- jective. For example, by investing $108.91 per month George Scott could reach his objective of $75,000 in 25 years instead of in 20. Or by invest- ing $258.22 monthly his goal could be reached in 15 years. OT everyone needs, or can accu- mulate $75,000. But the plan works just as well in any other amount. For instance, $60.66 invested monthly at 6% and interest reinvested promptly becomes $10,000 in ten years. Or, making the monthly investment the round sum of $60, in ten years the investor would accumulate $9,842.62 Over one fourth of this amount ould be interest; only about three quarters of it money actually saved out of earnings. The average individual has a better opportunity today than ever before to get himself on a ‘solid financial basis. And the wisest men and women will follow a consistent, long-term plan aimed at a definite goal. A od hie eh SEIN Se Ri

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March, 1927 ASK... ANY. . RADIO. . ENGINEER > Hl BURGESS] ull | : _RADIO‘A’ | |BATTERY| lal This is the Burgess Radio “A” Battery CA sPECIALLY designed “A” battery for radio service. There is nothing like it in its field. Proportioned to permit ease of handling and convenience of cab- inet assembly and storage, you may expect this new Burgess cre- ation to give you the length of service and dependability under all conditions for which all prod- ucts of Burgess are noted. If you are using the ordinary type of No. 6 “A” battery, we suggest that you learn for your- self from the Burgess Radio “A” the measure of service you have a right to expect. Ask Any Radio Engineer Burcess BATTERY COMPANY Genera Sates Orrice: CHIcaco Canadian Factories and Offices: Niagara Falls and Winnipeg may (ess pat Teny| POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY | Address: BU RAD RGESS "nasi see ee Booklets Like These Helped George Scott NYONE with money available for investments will find the booklets listed below of help in getting ahead financially. You may obtain any of | these booklets by writing direct to the issuing house. It will be appreci- | ated if you will mention Poputar | ScrencE Montuiy when writing for booklets. How to Build an Independent (1927 Edition)—Describes a plan for buying 614% or more a month, and shows the results that may be accomplished by systematic investment at 6%4%. For copies address: The F. H. Smith Company, Smith Building, Washington, D.C. Why Your Real Estate Bonds Should Be Guaranteed is the self-explanatory title of a | booklet on a subject of wide ‘interest among investors in Real Estate bonds. Address: Adair Realty & Trust Co., Healey Building, Atlanta, Ga. Ask for Booklet P.S.-1. Forty-four Years Without Loss to Any In- vestor presents the safety record of this house and describes the safeguards constituting the | Address: S. W. Straus & Co., Avenue & 46th Street, New Straus Plan. Desk P, Fifth York, N. ¥. Safe Bonds for Investment presents their cur- rent list of diversified investment offerings, with instructive investment comment. Halsey, Stuart & Co., 201 South La Salle St., Chicago, Ill. Ask for booklet P.S.-B.C. The Making of a Good Investment explains | the methods employed by the United States | Mortgage Bond Co. in originating first mortgage bond issues which pay 6°% with principal and interest guaranteed, or 614% without the guar- antee, which is optional with the investor. Address: United States Mortgage Bond Com- pany, 365 U.S. Mortgage Bldg., Detroit, Mich. An Investment Insured for Its Lifetime de- scribes a plan of insured mortgage investments. Nine points of safety are explained. Address: Mortgage Security Company of America, Nor- folk, Va. | Rules for Safe Investments explains in lan- guage that the layman can understand the i1m- portant factors of safety of real estate bonds. Address: American Bond & Mortgage Company, 345 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y., and ask for Booklet P. S. 40. | Buying Bonds by Mail explains how the in- vestor may safely and conveniently deal with an investment banker through the mails, and without the usual advantage of direct contact. A. C. Allyn & Co., 67 West Monroe Ask for Booklet D.E. -2450 Your Money covers the points of general in- terest to the investor who 1s planning to put his money in sound mortgage bond investments. Address: Fidelity Bond and Mortgage Co., 1188 New York Life Bldg., Chicago, Ill. How to Analyze a First Mortgage Real Estate Bond Issue is the self-descriptive title of a booklet published by the Federal Bond & Mortgage Co., 1444 Griswold Street, Detroit, Mich. The Science of Fortune Building, published by George M. Forman & Co., is the explanation of practical, tested plans employ ed by investors to attain financial independence. Address: George M. Forman & Co., 164 West “Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. Ask for Booklet 833. Investors’ Guide, published by Greenebaum Sons Investment Company, combines a descrip- tion of ‘‘bank safeguarded’’ bonds with an out- line of the service of that company. Address: Greenebaum Sons Investment Co., 9 So. La Salle St., Chicago, III. Street, Chicago, Ill. Income | First Mortgage Bonds by payments of $10 | Address: | Two New Booklets to Help You 02; OR more than half a century The F. H. Smith Company has been helping men and women to invest successfully; to protect the money they have accumulated, and to make their invested savings produce a continuous and substantial in- come. The uniform success of these investors is evidenced by our record. No Loss to Any Investor in 54 Years Our booklet, “‘Fifty-Four Years of Proven Safety,’ explains the time- tested first mortgage safeguards that have resulted in this record, and that have created world-wide confidence in Smith Bonds. Men and women in the 48 States of the United States and in 51 countries and territories abroad have bought Smith Bonds by mail. whether you invest much or little Smith Bonds, in $1,000, $500 and $100 denominations, are sold out- right for cash, or under an Invest- ment Savings Plan that pays the full rate of bond interest—6 14 %— on regular monthly payments of $10, $20, $30, $40, $50 or more. Our booklet, ‘‘How to Build an In- dependent Income,”’ enables you to look forward 5, 10, 20 years or more, and see the amount you can ac- cumulate by investing your monthly savings at 614%. For copies of our booklets mail the form below INVEST SUCCESSFULLY THE E H. SMITH Co. CHICAGO PITTSBURGH Founded 1873 SMITH BLDG., WASHINGTON, D.C. 285 MADISON AVE., NEW YORK,N. Y. PHILADELPHIA BUFFALO BOSTON MINNEAPOLIS Name Address.. be ST. LouIs ALBANY -R NN —— Se ae) — © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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8 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY! March, 1927 The DANGER of MISUSING TOOL ROM the standpoint of econ- omy and efficiency, most men appreciate the importance of buying good tools. But safety is a factor that is seldom con- sidered, and yet it is of vital im- portance toevery user of tools. And using a monkey wrench as a ham- mer, a screw driver as a lever, or a hammer as a mallet in chiseling may result in accidents to the user —and is sure to ruin the tool. The fact that 3,868 compensated accidents in one state (New York) in one year were caused by the mis- use of hand tools or defects in such tools is proof of the actual danger of using poor tools. Robert North- rup, in the Industrial Hygiene Bul- letin, says: ‘A cheap tool is prone to be an unsafe tool. Purchase tools from those concerns who are making every effort to produce the highest standards in their departments- where the steel to be selected for various tools and its best method of tempering is studied, and where the finished product is tested under practical working conditions.” The Popular Science Institute of Standards is doing just this work that Mr. Northrup reters to—sub- jecting hand tools to exacting tests that bring out their merits or de- merits. A tool that bears the seal of approval of the Popular Science Institute is a good tool of proper design, material and construction. It represents good value. It will stand up under usage. And it is a safe as well as an economical and efficient tool to use. HE Institute's tests not only de- termine the performance of tools under ordinary usage, but also under abuse. The abuse of tools is so prev- alent that the Institute has found it absolutely necessarv to allow for this in determining whether or not a tool will give satisfaction. But this matter of abusing tools is a serious one and should receive con- sideration by man who uses tools—whether he be a home work- shop “‘tinkerer’’ or a professional car- penter or mechanic. It might be thought that the former would be the habitual offender in the matter of mis- using tools, but this is not the case. There is just as much abuse and poor selection of tools by professionals as by the man who only casionally. every uses tools CC- For instance, Mr. North- rup brings out in his article the follow- ing case: A number of accidents occurred to a Collins P. Bliss Director, Popular Science Institute of Standards, lead of Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Director of Testing Laboratories, New York Univers uly 3y Prof. group of twenty workmen. All were caused by the setting hammers used for hand riveting. These would chip off and cause serious injury, one em- ployee suffering two different injuries from this cause. Nearly every hammer in the shop proved to be too hard and showed chipped faces. One was found so soft that it proved useless for riveting. These two phases showed laxness in the making of the ham- | Popular Science Monthly GUARANTEE | | | = ; | The above seal on an advertisement | | indicates that the products referred to have been approved after test by the | Popular Science Institute of Standards. | PopuLcar ScreNcE MONTHLY guaran- } tees every article of merchandise ad- vertised in its columns. Readers who |] | buy products advertised in Poputar Science Montuty may expect them absolute satisfaction under normal and proper use. Our readers In bu Ing | | | teed this | | | to give these products are guaran- | | | satisfaction by Popurar | | Science Montuiy. THE PusBLisners | | mer, in the character of steel used and methods of tempering. This all could have been avoided by the selection of hammers that were made of that character of steel and tempered and drawn to a point where they would be as efficient a riveting device as possible, and not chip off. POINT to be kept in mind is that a refined tool cannot be used for unrefined action without serious results. Where proper use demands a brittle edge or surface, that tool should never be used where there is any impact. If it is so misused, it is very possible that the tool will chip and the steel will fly up and enter the user’s eye. This same tool, properly used for the purpose intended, would be ab- solutely safe and satisfactory. One of the chief causes of the misuse of tools is getting accus- tomed to using cheap tools. The man who is educated on cheap tools almost invariably becomes accus- tomed to the wrong method of use. Aside from the misuses listed above, there is a rather prevalent custom of using pliers as a hammer —home workshop owners are the particular offenders in this regard, but other workmen are often found to be capable of the same trick. Using a screw driver as a crowbar is another offense commonly com- mitted, also using cutting tools on surfaces they are not made for. The damage done by such misuse is gener- ally to the tool itself, but now and then the user—or rather mzsuser comes in for his share of punishment. The advice that the Popular Science Institute of Standards offers to every user of tools—professional or ama- teur—is that (1) he buy good tools, (2) that he have a complete enough kit of tools for all kinds of work he may do, and (3) that he use these tools correctly for the purpose intended and no other. In the first regard, Popular Science Institute is prepared to offer con- crete assistance in the way of recom- mendations of good tools. These rec- ommendations are based on the re- sults of extensive laboratory and practical tests that bring out the actual worth of the tools. A list of those tools that have been approved after test can be obtained on request from the Popular Science Institute. Similar information }s available on radio equipment and oil burners. Address inquiries to the Popular Science Institute of Standards, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y.

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March, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ae al Price $25 The set i!lustrated is All-American Hihboy. Priced at $115.00 ) REPRODUCER | For more enjoyment, mote real satisfaction from your Battery Eliminator receiving set, use an All-American Reproducer. It has ; For that steady output of unvarying plate cur- all the best features of cone-type reproducers, with the ; rent, so essential to fine tone, All-American : - Battery Eliminator has no superior. It is added advantage of a sounding chamber. It reproduces ; tely noiseless, due he fine quality of : . . "Gas eee. every tone faithfully; highest treble and lowest bass; ; nplifier and detector controls, and the a - se ae 2 + ae ; etait. he here gan age without distortion, through the entire amplifying range. } red voltage. Price $37.50 The All-American Reproducer is highly sensittve— “4 preserves the delicate overtones and harmonics so essen- ) New 1927 tial to tone-sweetness and quality. It is equally efficient Radio | for both voice and instruments. Key Book | } You’ll find this book worth {| reading—an interesting ALL-AMERICAN RADIO CORPORATION analysis of radio, insimple understandable form; and 4205 Belmont Avenue, Chicago, U. S. A. completeconstructiona! de- BER 0 gree . ‘i — tails of leading types of All-American Radio, Ltd., Toronto, Canada circuits. Send roc (coin or Stamps) tO cover postage and mailing. OWNING AND OPERATING STATION WENR 266 METERS IS) This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY The effective governor ‘of tone quality. Gives you control of the loud speaker’s voice. Flexible Unit Control makes the Syncrophase A One Dial Controlled Set The Synchrophase is also supplied in five beautifui (;. hear a Synchrophase. Only in this way can you appreciate its unexcelled clarity and naturalness of tone. The reasons for this excellence are found in Grebe design and construction and particularly in the Colortone, an exclusive Grebe development. ¢ Ask your dealer to demonstrate it. Send for Booklet P. A. H. Grebe & Co., Inc., 109 West 57th St., New York City Factory : Richmond Hill, N. Y. Western Branch: 443 So. San Pedro St., Los Angeles, Calif. The oldest exclusive radio manufacturer “ ThisCompany broadcasts through sta- ——Synchrophase 4 Wh; RADIO qe ce aa (pul Lniterlllieenecliaiticrntivr till | rAllanetimerinerd finite itrrni seer ntl © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8 March, 1927 console models. ~ (Wee im Gite: so

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CERRITO ES $e Lip Raaeetee POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY SUMNER N. BLOSSOM, Editor March, 1927 Typical scene at one of the great South Africa diamond mines rystals of ° Fire! The Magic Story of Diamonds, and How Men Stampede for the Fabulous Wealth Hidden in Glistening Pebbles By EDGAR GC. WHEELER IAMONDS! On the parched soil of a lonely western Transvaal farm = in South Africa a few months ago a motley throng of fifteen thousand souls stood in restless line that stretched for two miles across the veldt. Eagerly they waited, eves fixed on a small signal flag that hung from the top of a bamboo pole Waited for the signal which would send them in a mad rush for sparkling ems, like street urchins scrambling lor pennies. Somewhere, in the broad fields before them, lay kingly wealth in white erystals, dizzy fortunes for the lucky finders. For days the fevered crowd of diamond hunters had been awaiting hless moment. For days— ¢ the government had pro- ‘ the unprofitable farm of cde a ——- diamond ec preteen i iS ge rs for quick Wealth had been arriving from the Corners of the earth. Dust clouds had hung like a pall | this brea ever sin ( laimed Two views of the original Cullinan diamond, largest ever found. It weighed 1.37 pounds Nine gems of rare beauty cut from the famous Culli- nan stone, which was presented to King Edward VII over roads cluttered with vehicles, from automobiles to oxcarts. In the throng were farmers with their families and household effects, business men, mechan- ics, college students, vagrants, hardened prospectors, black Kaffirs, sailors, war veterans, shop girls—all drawn from the everyday hum-drum of life by the witchery of precious jewels. And now they stood in line, ten deep in some places, impatient for the signal, each holding in his hands four marking pegs with which to stake his little claim. Here and there among them were athletes in running shorts and spiked shoes, hired for their fleetness of foot by financiers and diamond syndicates. HE government’s mining com- missioner looked at his watch. It was noon. A pistol barked. The signal flag dipped. Diamonds! The thousands surged over the line, racing toward the field of gems a mile or so away—panting. stumbling for the lead—old and 11

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How a great diamond mine, like the Premier mine in South Africa, is operated. Powerful searchlights installed around the top edge of the gigantic cup, or crater, which forms the mine, facilitate work at night. The precious stones are recovered from ‘blue ground” at the bottom of the crater ‘ the volcanic young, rich men and beggars, black and white. First to reach their goal were the trained athletes. Quickly they pegged their claims on the most promising locations. Close behind came a lithe, dark-skinned girl, running for her father. Then the mob, scrambling helter-skelter for what- was left. And, last of all, the wives and children, their arms loaded with household effects. Before nightfall, as if by magic, a desolate Transvaal farm had been transformed into a bustling camp, as wild and thrilling as any gold camp of the Klondike or of California in the days of “49. O BEGAN the famous Elandsputte diamond stampede which echoed around the world and added one more fascinating chapter to a story more romantic than any imaginative tale of fiction—the story of the stones of fire. Alluvial sand and gravel, deposited in ages past, gave up their hidden jewels in generous store to the Elandsputte diggers hundreds of thousands of dollars’ worth. The lucky reaped fortunes over- night. Within a dozen weeks the first rude camp grew to a mining town of more than 50,000 souls. So rich were the finds that before long the rumor went out that the new supply threatened to glut the diamond market and reduce the most desired of gems to a commonplace. To add weight to these rumors, at the height of the Christmas ‘pipe,”’ which reaches to unknown depths. blue ground to a washing plant at the surface, where the gems are extracted POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY a bluish rock contained within Cableways haul the shopping season came news from England that the beautiful, amber-hued Golden Dawn diamond, previously valued at $200,000, had been sold in Christie’s auction rooms in London for the mystify- ingly low sum of $24,057. This flawless sixty-one- and-one-half-carat beauty, discovered near the fa- mous Kimberley mines in 1913 by a British soldier, Captain C. R. Lucas, had gone under the hammer to the fabulously wealthy Aga Khan, Indian potentate and owner of fast race horses. A few days later an explanation which added still further basis to reports of a diamond slump was offered by three millionaire officials of the powerful diamond syndicate which controls almost the entire world’s output of the gems— Sir Solomon Joel, Sir Ernest Oppen- heimer, and Sir Abe Bailey. “Diamonds,” said Sir Solomon, arriv- ing in Cape Town to demand government restriction of production—*‘ diamonds will become as common as artificial pearls if the present unrestricted output from independent alluvial diggings continues. Why, the alluvial diggers are now actually selling more diamonds than the great producers! If this continues, a collapse of the industry which provides the South African government with three million pounds in taxes annually is Shafthead of the DeBeers diamond mine, one of the richest in the Kimberley district of South Africa March, 1927 sure to come.” That was the last straw. In the United States, where we use seventy percent of the world’s diamond output, the effect was instantaneous. In New York City the Christmas diamond trade dropped off two thirds. The siump spread alarm among jewelers. They joined in issuing a reassuring statement. 7 HE price of diamonds,” they said, ‘will continue upward as it has for thirty years. The interview quoted from South Africa was inspired for political purposes. The London Diamond Trust has itself bought up most of the in- dependently mined diamonds, and will undoubtedly continue to keep prices up.” Apparently the jewelers were right. At this writing the price of diamonds has remained firm. The situation, however, has raised the interesting question: “Will the diamond ever cease to be a thing of rare value?” Possibly. But there have been other diamond rushes. Four thousand square miles of South African territory contain precious stones. Continually prospectors are wandering over these lands, hunting diamonds. Occa- sionally they strike it rich, and the field is thrown open to claims. Alluvial diggers continually are adding more diamonds to the out- put of the great mines such as the Premier, De Beers, Kimberley, Wessel- ton, Bultfontein and Dutoitspan. Today the production of alluvial gems, valued three times more highly then mine stones, is vir- tually equal to mine production. Yet, in spite of all this, the financial rulers of the gem market still are able to hold the prices up. Of the world’s yearly con- sumption of diamonds, which now is close to $60,000,000, the syndicate is said to control nearly $50,000,000. But entirely aside from artificial price control, the diamond possesses in_ itself a unique value among gems, a place in the sun from which it probably never can be dislodged. Born in the white heat of molten furnaces beneath the earth's crust, made of stuff found in every living thing, this crystal of pure carbon con- tinues to flash its colorful fire to allure men and women. Its beauty is enduring. N ADDITION, it is extremely useful. Because it is the hardest of all known minerals, it serves men in many ways; such as in drilling rocks and metals, grinding, polishing, and in supplying dies for drawing wire. It is virtually 1- destructible. Moreover, it is possibly the only medium of barter and exchange acceptable at face value in every country in the world.

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March, 1927 Some of the world’s most beautiful diamonds have amazing records. Envy of their value and beauty has brought tragedy and misfortune to their owners. And superstitious folk have built around some of them, without the slightest scientific foundation, legends that are steeped in ancient mystery and red with horror. For stark tragedy the evil reputa tion attributed to the famous Blue Hope diamond has no equal. It is said that from the time in the seventeenth century that this forty-four-carat Jewel was plucked from the eye of an idol in India to its sale several years ago to Edward E. McLean, Washington publisher, for $180,000, its ownership caused more than a score of deaths. AORTUNATELY, however, not all famous diamonds are associated with ill luck and tragedy. There are many priceless diamonds; for example, the wonderful Koh-i-noor, also F Ade An expert diamond cutter at work—an exacting task in which one small error may ruin a costly gem, for it is the regular arrangement of tiny cut surfaces that gives the stones their radiance of Indian origin, which in 1850 was presented by the British East India Company to Queen Victoria. This fa- mous stone, after its first cutting, weighed 279 carats, and after its second cutting, 106 carats. Then there are the Nizam of Hyderabad, 279 carats; the Regent, or Pitt, 137 carats; the Duke of Tuscany. 133 carats; Excelsior, 969 carats: the yellow ‘Tiffany diamond, 125 carats, and any others. B' , greatest of all was the monster J Cullinan stone which, when dis- covered in 1905 at the Premier mine in the | lransvaal, weighed no less than 92034 Carats, or 1.37 pounds! And this Was 1. oo tes ee only a fragment, probably less than half, ot a complete carbon crystal. meee in the world, clear white and stupid, yet full of fire, it, was presented by the ‘Transvaal government to King Edward VIL as a birthday gift. Later it Was i ‘ “pe ‘s cut into a number of finished gems. oa ip —_ South African fields, diamonds the ae one ee moet ot Me Ehinceas ~ oe are obtained in two segue ays. irst, there are the great ant ito strange volcanic vents, Pipes,” which reach down into POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY the earth to unknown depths. These vast craters are filled with so-called “blue ground,” a bluish rock believed once to have been flaming lava. In this rock are imbedded the diamonds. The Premié¢r mine, for example, is worked within an immense oval-shaped crater, 2900 feet in diameter one way and 1500 feet the other. Thus far miners have penetrated the blue ground to a depth of more than 500 feet, while the average depth of the mine is 325 feet. Operations are carried on in a series of levels at the bottom of the crater, from where the bluish rock is carried by incline haulage- ways to a washing station at the surface. Brought up in great lumps, the rock first is pulverized. After many siftings and washings, the work of extracting and sorting the diamonds begins. This, also, is now done by remarkable machines, covered with a special grease to which the diamonds alone, of all the minerals hid- den in the blue ground, adhere. Besides the mines, there are the alluvial deposits of the kind that drew the latest rush of jewel hunters, already described. In these deposits the diamonds lie mixed with sand or gravel on or near the surface of the earth, and are Piles of gems tempt filch- ing. Native miners are searched from hair to toes when leaving the mine ee \ iN ie Extracting diamonds by hand from the blue ground, which has previously been crushed and 13 obtained by washing or “‘ panning,”’ much in the same simple way that placer miners pan for gold. Most dramatic was the first discovery of the African diamond deposits. One day in 1867, it is related, a wander- ing trader by the name of John O'Reilly reached the junction of two rivers and stopped at the house of a farmer named Schalk Van Neikirk. There he saw children playing with bright pebbles they had found along one of the streams. Believing the pebbles might be of some value, O'Reilly carried one of them to Cape Town, where an expert pronounced it a twenty-two-and-one-half-carat dia- mond. O'Reilly sold it for $3,000. Van Neikrik, when he heard of the sale, remembered having seen an immense similar in appearance, in the hands of a Kaffir witch doctor. Hunting up the sorcerer, he drove a_ bargain and won possession. Another version says that Van Neikirk plucked the big “pebble” out of the mud wall of a neighbor’s house. At any rate, it proved to be an eighty-five-carat diamond, now known as the Star of South Africa. Within two years after the finding of that stone, which brought $56,000, the first South African diamond rush was in full swing. stone, GAIN, it was a peddler and contortion- ist from the streets of London, Barney Barnato, who, drifting to the new diamond fields in the ’70s, amassed a great fortune and laid the foundations for the powerful syndicate, which has had much to say ever since about the prices the rest of us pay for our diamonds. There are many varieties and grades of diamonds, and many factors, besides size, determine their value. Much depends upon their color or tint. Rarest of all are the red diamonds. One of these was dis- covered only a few months ago in alluvial diggings in the Kimberley district. It re- sembles a ruby of great size, and weighs six carats. Next in order of rarity come the snow- white and blue diamonds, then the yellow, brown, and gray. These various hues are imparted by metallic impurities within the crystal. The worth of a diamond depends largely, too, on the cutting of the stone and the shaping of its many facets, or faces, which help to give it sparkling brilliancy. washed. In many mines automatic extracting and sorting machines are now being used

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POPULAR Beginning Bare Hands A Thrilling Novel of Brain and Brawn at Grips with a Wilderness of the Northland By Hawthorne Daniel | XY ISKA JOE was wondering whether he should murder fe his four prisoners or not. The half-breed was unde- N cided, although the morality of such a course did not > occur to him at all. He could consider the grisly ques- tion with as few qualms of conscience as troubled him while engaged in his usual occupation of seal poaching. Consequently, the four vachtsmen were safe for the moment locked in the cabin of their own yawl—and Kiska Joe was in the cockpit guarding the prisoners, with three Aleuts from his crew, and wishing heartily that his captives had never come ashore on that uninhabited and desolate island in the Aleutian Archipelago. However, wishing could do him no good, as the half-breed knew perfectly well. He must decide what to do with his captives. These troublesome white men should never have come so close as to make their capture necessary, he thought. But with some thousands of valuable skins aboard, and with the last of the cargo stowed, a shift of the wind had swung his heavily laden schooner onto a ledge of rock, and he, carelessly he admitted, had called all hands to get her off. Thus it was that the vacht had slipped unseen up to the other side of the rocky Buldir Island, and thus it was that the yachtsmen had gone ashore, with the intention merely of taking motion pic- tures of the seal rookery, and had wandered down to Kiska Joe's schooner to ask if they might help get her off. O CAPTURE them had been simple enough. The new- comers had not been armed, and furthermore had thought as little of being captured as they might have thought of flying to the moon. But with half an eve they could see, from the scores of skinned carcasses that lay about. that the men they had come upon were poachers. For two hours now the four had been locked below in the yawl. Should they be allowed to go. Kiska Joe knew perfectly well that the Coast Guard shortly would be in possession of the evidence needed to end his poach- ing days forever. Obviously, then, he could not permit them to go. But what to do with them was another problem. Kiska Joe knew little of white men. How important his cap- tives were he had no means of knowing, but he strongly sus- SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 1927 Illustrated by J. CLINTON SHEPHERD pected that they were prominent enough to call for an active search if they should disappear, and anything more than a half- hearted search might readily point to him as the cause of their disappearance. Therefore he had refrained from shooting them at once, but still he had not put from his mind all thought that that solution might be the best one. While the poacher pon- dered the graceful little vessel lay at anchor near Kiska Joe's schooner, which had been hauled off the bottom. And his cap- tives fully realized their predicament, for he had explained it to them in terms that were clear and forceful, for all his broken English and profanity. ELOW, the prisoners’ conversation had been limited to grunts of disgust. They had planned the cruise as a vaca- tion from their Seattle offices, and had sailed from Puget Sound four weeks before. That is, with the exception of Kelly, who was a hired deckhand, they had. Parker and Thornton, who were partners in the engineering firm of Parker and Thornton, had accepted the invitation of Williams, the owner of the vacht, a young naval architect only recently out of college. But their pleasure cruise had suddenly precipitated them into a hornet’s nest of trouble. “Do y’ think they'll kill us?’ asked Kelly at last with the directness of a sailor of twenty years’ experience at sea. Thornton grunted and turned about upon his transom seat. For a moment no one spoke. “Devil of a note.” grumbled Williams, pulling his feet up beneath him as he sat on his bunk, and looking at his finger nails. They heard their captors moving about on deck, but could make nothing out of their activity. “They don’t realize what they're doing,” announced Parker, nervously puffing a cigarette and flicking away the non-existent ash with his long, slender finger. ‘* Really—” he pushed his free hand through his thin, sandy hair, ‘*‘—they should be sent to the penitentiary. They will be, too.” “If they're caught,’ added Thornton solemnly. “If they’re caught?” repeated Parker, sharply. ‘‘ They'll be caught, all right. The Coast Guard knows them. If we dont .. a age og

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March, 1927 come back, won’t they suspect what has happened to us?” “What good will that do?”’ asked Thornton. “‘It won’t help us, and they can’t convict these fellows on suspicion.” HORNTON’S pessimistic thought surprised Parker into silence, Which was not customary for him. Rarely was he silenced in any such manner. Particularly was he prone to consider himself beyond the reach of any of Thornton’s ideas. For fifteen years they had been friends—close friends, as men who are as opposite as fire and water sometimes find it possible to be. But somehow, at home and in business, Parker had always scemed to dominate. Perhaps that was because their profession was one in which theoretical and highly technical inatters were forever up for solution. Parker was a theorist, wnd an exceedingly able one. Thornton, on the other hand, Was a practical person, who saw solutions to practical problems with a clear eye and an active brain. Consequently, although they had roomed together through four years of college, where : hornton had won his letter for football and Parker had won iis little gold watch key for proficiency in his studies, and for cleve i years since had been associated together in business, | nee had dominated, while Thornton, who was big and calm ald easy-going, had naturally taken his place in the shadow of ls tore brilliant and more nervous associate and friend. SUT somehow the present situation had changed matters. te le . capture by Kiska Joe was not a theory; it was, Ther —— Maer iigs practical and most disagreeable reality. - ithout 4 “ Kcr was lost, and therefore, too, Phornton, even i pga a“ , it himself, had become the more important 0. In fact, he had become the leader of the whole i tii sds had been accustomed to obeying orders for too Was eight esierblae: to be able now to give them, and Williams sit vears the junior of the two engineers. Parker, how- could not be satisfied with meek silence for more than a homent eCVey Cr. “3 B it ‘4 ‘ sa i a “at wont the Coast Guard at Kiska Island suspect what Th = ned.” he demanded, “if we fail to return?” HOrh on shrugged his broad shoulders. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Cast up on the rock-strewn shore of the desolate island, the half-naked group of shipwrecked men huddled about the fire which Thornton had made without matches. To all save the Aleut, the place was strange and forbidding. For them the world seemed to center in the leaping flames

er They might suspect everything,” he replied. “‘But how could they prove it?” Kelly had been sitting for five minutes with his eyes on a very detailed picture of a girl in tights tattooed on his hairy forearm. But now he showed that he really had not been en- gaged in cogitating over the merits of that work of art at all. “But didn’t they do a slick job?” he asked, almost as if he were lost in admiration of Kiska Joe’s ability as a kidnaper of grown men. **Hmph!” grunted Williams. ‘The scoundrels took every gun we had aboard.” “And the ammunition, too,” added Nelly. N DECK the four poachers were talking to each other in their native tongue. Can you make out what they are saying?” asked Parker, fumbling through his pockets for another cigarette. Williams muttered a negative, and sat listening to the sound of oars as a small boat approached from the schooner. It came alongside with a thump, and he frowned at the thought of the mark that carelessness had left in the glistening white of his yacht’s side. “Scoundrels!” he growled. The companionway had been locked from the outside when Kiska Joe had forced them below. Now it opened. The slide was shoved heavily back, and Kiska Joe himself descended. He was short and heavy set, and his swarthy face had more of the Aleut in it than of the white man. His beard was thin, and his mustache curved down beside his mouth. It was only in his eyes that any sign appeared of more than average keen- ness. But signs of weakness were there as well, and signs of a one-sided mind. He had successfully evaded the Coast Guard for a dozen years—had pitted himself against the watchfulness and ability of those capable men. Yet in other matters he was a child. Particularly was he a child in his superstitions, for he was the son of a renegade sailor who had deserted from a whal- ing ship, and then had deserted the Aleut woman he had lived with for a year or so. He had been reared in a distant Aleut community where superstitions and weird beliefs had pene- “<6

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16 trated well into that portion of his mind that was white, as well as into the rest that was essentially Aleut. As so often happens, he had inherited the weaknesses of both races from which he had sprung, and, to offset that, possessed only the keenness which, somehow, had been a part of the scapegrace father who had moved on to parts unknown forty years before. E LOOKED over the group in the cabin, and stood for a moment without speaking. His face was heavy and de- cidedly unpleasant, and his mustache wriggled when he spoke. ‘You make me lot of trouble,” he said at last. No one replied. “You stay below,” he went on after a pause. “‘My schooner she off the bottom again. I leave three men here. They stay on deck, and sail the boat. But no fool business. You know what I mean? No foolishness. I tell my men to shoot. Oomak is good shot. He never miss. We sail right away.” “Sail?” queried Thornton. “Where to?” *“None of your business,”’ re- plied Kiska Joe. He climbed on deck, closed the companionway, and in a moment they saw him in a small boat as he rowed toward the schooner that lay a little way off, with her mainsail already set. They heard their own anchor aboard, and felt the gentle motion of the yacht as she headed away from Buldir Island. The schooner followed, and with a lively breeze they went speeding away to the west. Kiska Foe A the rest of the day they sailed until they were out of sight of land. Not far away the schooner slid along before a freshening breeze. Once Thorn- ton tried to speak with Oomak, whom Kiska Joe had placed in charge. At first the Aleut did not reply, but finally he left the wheel to another man, and com- ing to the closed companion- way, shouted down to them in return. “Shut up!” he bawled. “Kiska Joe say not talk. I not talk. Shut up!” So, perforce, Thornton gave up, and Williams sat glowering on the transom seat, muttering to himself. Conversation was spasmodic, and seemed to revolve mostly about two questions. “What do you suppose they'll do with us?” demand of Williams. “Where dy’ reckon we're bound?” queried Kelly each time he looked out one of the ports. “IT don’t know where we're bound or what they'll do with us.” announced Parker, “but it’s certain that their leader, whatever his name is, was merely ranting when he threatened us with death. He wouldn't dare do half the things he sug- gested.” “Hm,” offered Thornton. “‘ You weren't along when I talked with the Coast Guard skipper the other day, or you wouldn't be so sure. He told me about this fellow, and he’s a rough customer.” ; was the insistent “<é “)} ONSENSE.” objected Parker. “The high seas were cleared of pirates long ago. He merely wishes to frighten us to prevent us from reporting him to the Coast Guard. Murder—pooh!” Have it your own way,” replied Thornton. ** But I'm going to watch my step. Kiska Joe has a bad reputation, and I'm inclined to believe he'll live up to it. Murder is something that won't faze him for a minute.” “What did the Coast Guard tell you about him?” asked Williams. “Nothing much,” returned Thornton, “except that they've POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

been on his trail for years and can’t get a thing on him. He’s lived on various islands around here all his life, and has been a poacher ever since he managed to buy his schooner a dozen years or so ago. ‘Twice Coast Guardsmen who have gone out after him have disappeared, and once they found a man who had been on his trail dead with a bullet through his heart. They know he’s a poacher, and they are morally certain he murdered those three men. But he always had alibis that couldn't be touched, and so he’s free. Oh, he’s rough, all right.” “Is that all?” asked Williams. “It’s about all-I know,’ went on Thornton. “He had a wife and a child, but something happened to both of them. Nobody knows just what. There was some Aleut story about her having killed the child, and then she disappeared. But that probably was just native talk. They have some belief that if a woman kills her own child bad luck will come to the whole village. So maybe they killed her. The officer who told me didn’t know anything much about it. It happened before he came up here. But the Coast Guard tries to keep an eye on him all the time, and cant seem to manage it. Of course, Kiska Joe is an important person among the Aleuts, and they won't give him away.” 7 ELL, do we just have to sit and wait until he decides whether he'll kill us or not?” asked Williams, angrily. Thornton shrugged and went into the galley to get himself something to eat. The others followed him one by one. They tried to figure out how they might surprise the three men in the cockpit, but no plan seemed promising. Finally night came down, while the vacht and the schooner still plowed through the white-capped seas. “Tm going to see if I can’t do some- thing,” announced Williams at last. “I don’t like being cooped up here like convicts.” “What can you do?” asked Thorn- ton. “IT don’t know, but we can_ look through the forward hatch. They haven't locked that.” Then Pm with you,” agreed Thorn- ton. “But be careful.” They went through the galley into the forecastle, and Williams. silently started up the ladder leading to the deck. The hatch was closed, but was not locked, and when they reached it he pushed up on it. It stuck a little, and he pushed harder. It opened with a loud squeak, and he stood for a moment holding it before attempt- ing to climb out on deck. A gun barked sharply from the cockpit astern, and a bullet clipped a piece of oak from the corner of the hatch cover. Williams winced and dropped the cover into place.

The half-breed won dered whether he should murder his four prisoners ” HAT’S that,” he announced. “I guess they mean what they say.” The two went back into the cabin, and for an hour the group sat disconsolately, wondering what sort of a plan would suc- ceed. Tiring, after a time, of doing nothing, Parker undressed, pulled on his pajamas, and climbed into his bunk. Presently the others did likewise—all save Kelly who, boasting no pa- jamas, slept in his woolen underclothes. Outside, a heavy fog descended. The wind gradually died away. Sails slatted and banged, and only the undulations of the sea gave the vawl any movement. Toward morning Oomak, at the wheel, sat looking at the lighted compass card while his companions slept in the cock- pit. The schooner had disappeared in the fog, but Oomak was not worried. Being lost meant merely a few days of wandering about before he could find land somewhere. Below, his pr's- oners were silent and asleep, and save for the occasional rattle of a block, or the hiss of a swell beneath the little ship, ther¢ was nothing to attract his attention. March, 1927

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t) ly ie as It id yt- he he he vat up \uc- ed, tly pa- ied the the ck- was “ing ER Ste agi AtYIE OE IF nie gs. cia March, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 17 For an hour he sat listlessly watching the compass, until the hypnotic effect of the light, and the slow movement of the card, cast a sort of spell over him. There was nothing he could do with the wheel now. for the yacht was merely drifting. A swell slid up from astern. Oomak, if he had been fully conscious, would have felt that it was higher than those which had been sliding past so regularly. But the compass card held him, and another swell slid by. It was higher still; but the Aleut was lost, and it too slid past. Then suddenly a sound came to his ears that made him leap to his feet and spin the wheel with all his might. A heavy hiss seemed to come from almost under the hows. But he was too late. The swell passed and the yawl settled down. She struck with a crash—she shook and Next Month! TISHY A Gripping Short Story of an Unusual Man Who Rose to a Strange Emergency By Captain DINGLE Writer of Fascinating Sea Tales not be sure. Chilled to his very marrow and worn with his efforts, he fought on. He knew that he was approaching the beach, for now he could feel the under- tow, and he lunged weakly against it. Just when his lungs seemed ready to burst he felt himself thrown heavily on the sand. His breath was pounded from him, and he gasped for air as he lay almost helpless in the wash of the retreat- ing wave. He staggered to his feet; but another sea covered him, whirling him about in a smother of foam. Again the wave receded and again he staggered for- ward. This time he kept his feet, and when the next wave reached out for him it buried him only to the waist. Another desperate effort and he fell limply upon || the sand beyond the reach of the surf. | He thought of his friends battling the careened. Timbers cracked and groaned and the sea fell away, leaving the yacht temporarily motionless—pinioned on a sharp black rock. ELOW, the men in their bunks were jarred into instant wakefulness. They opened their eyes to an appalling sight. In the dim light of early morning they saw a sharp section of the black rock thrust its way into the cabin through the bottom. Only for an instant was it visible. With a rush the water was swirling about their bunks. They leaped out and heard the Aleuts shouting on deck, heard the small boat vo over the side. Then, with one thought, they dashed forward through the flooded galley, into the forecastle, and one after another climbed the ladder to the deck. Parker thrust his head through the hatch just in time to see the small boat leave. As it © shot away from the yawl, he saw that two of the Aleuts were in 2 it, but that the third was entangled in a line. \nother sea swept under the yacht, and lifted her up, only to drop her back again upon the fang of rock. The others scrambled to the deck. The Aleut untangled himself from the line and leaned shouting over the rail. But his companions paid no attention. Bending to the oars, they disappeared into the fog, headed in the direction from which the yawl had come. \nother sea lifted the yacht, and as Williams shouted that he was going aft for life preservers. the little vessel ground again against the rock. The sea foamed about her and flung her from the pinnacle. With a stream of bubbles she slid from the rock. For a moment her stern remained point- ing upward through the fog, her jigger and her half-submerged mainsail showing vhostly white in the half light of the foggy morning. The men on deck were thrown into the sea, to struggle away from the twisted ropes that floated about. ‘Then, silently, the vacht settled from sight, leaving the swimmers alone in the ley waves, surrounded and almost hidden from one another by the slowly eddy- Ing must. HE fog pressed down *. . \ Bs upon the struggling men. «ex. etl: Phey could see no land, but at re Wave after wave swept them t OWar dthe faint sound of bre €akers on a beach. T hey , 7 Pa swam Tapidly, SS a : lighting the ” a: : ull, and could near the sound peop frowing louder. B ut one by one t hey beeg me separate d i i I ated. ‘Thornton found himself alone. horning had come, see nothing shouted an The gray of but in the enveloping blanket he could save the water immediately before him. He 1 thought he heard an answering shout, but could , > } For a dozen years the poacher’s schooner had led the Coast Guard a lively chase, and had always evaded its pursuers sea, and made an effort to get to his feet to aid them, but his head whirled, bright lights seemed to fill the world, and he fell again, exhausted and unconscious. How long he lay there he never knew, but ultimately he awoke with a shiver, and lay for a moment with eyes closed. He shivered again, and sat up wondering where he was. Slowly he recalled what had happened. His friends came to his mind, and he rose unsteadily. The fog had lifted, and the sun shone clearly through the faint haze that was left. He swung his arms, clapped his hands against his clammy pajamas, and staggered forward. He had gone a few steps when he almost stumbled upon the body of a man on the sand before him. T WAS Parker, lying as if dead. Instantly Thornton’s strength surged back to him. He knelt over the body and began to work with it. For minutes he labored, and presently felt a movement. He redoubled his efforts, and Parker opened his eyes. “How are you?” asked Thornton, huskily. Parker shivered. “Cold,” he whispered. “Can you sit up?” “Cold,” whispered Parker again. Alive to the necessity for swift action, Thornton rubbed his arms and legs, rolled him, pummeled him, and presently was rewarded by an objection. **Don’t,” muttered Parker, weakly. ‘‘What are you trying to do?” “Stand up,” ordered Thornton. “Vm cold,” replied Parker. “Stand up,” insisted Thornton, dragging the other to his feet. ‘“‘Now stand there,” he ordered roughly, “and swing your arms.” Parker stood unsteadily and obediently waved his arms. “*Harder,” shouted Thornton. ** Nuisance,” muttered Parker. q ai EEP it up. [I’m going to look for the others.” 5 And Thornton left the man slowly swinging his arms in the sunlight. He glanced back, and saw that the movement was a little more energetic. “He’s all right,” he muttered, and turned away. Kelly, when Thornton found him fifty yards farther down the beach, was already sitting up and rubbing himself. Hardly a dozen yards away there was a naked Aleut. That the naked fellow was one of the three from the yawl, Thornton knew, but which one he could not tell. Two had gone away in the small boat, he remem- bered, and had rowed away from the beach. Hello,” said Kelly, hollowly. “Thought you was drowned.” “Well, ['m not,” replied Thornton. *“* And neither is Parker. Where are Wil- liams and the other two Aleuts?” ‘“*Haven’t seen ’em,” said Kelly, get- ting to his feet. “Where are the others?” shouted Thornton at the naked Aleut, who was sitting on the sand and rubbing himself. “No see,” he grunted. “Tm going to look for them, they (Continued on page 128)

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94465 32557 eee chee aANUAUnN Hiwwia Mi Wii => 42% >a et atte 2 8) ee a Ae a Oe ass vas PI ** ; “+ 3: 2 a2 7 > ce Os me Bs be we Ch Ok Os RE OE Ow St ke ee Oe OF AE RE SE Oe Od OE 8 ee 04 02 Be Be OF The proposed Larkin Tower of New York City from an architect’s drawing, showing how it will dwarf New York’s present skyscrapers POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 1927 orty Lhousand r copie With Gigantic New Skyscrapers Towering Quarter of a Mile High, Edison and Others Warn Us Against Threatening Chaos HEN Thomas speaks, every- So it was that when the famous inventor a few weeks ago sounded the warning that \— ‘disaster must overtake us” unless overcrowded American cities call a halt to the build- ing of mighty skyscrapers, he startled city dwellers and aroused a storm of contro- versy throughout the nation. Almost simultaneously with Edison’s warning came the amazing announcement that : ma LARKIN go A. Edison an. T FLATIRON body listens. J (20 STORIES) OLWORTH ? 6. R 1 a hundred feet. At least a dozen other giants are in project in other parts of the United States. And designs and models of still other towered buildings have just been displayed by some of the nation’s foremost archi- tects in a recent skyscraper exhibit at the International Art Center, New York. OW high will they go? If one building can be made to climb nearly a quar- ter of a'mile, what is the limit, plans had been completed for a dizzy office spire of 110 stories, to rise from the heart of New York City and to tower far above the world’s tallest buildings. This co- lossal structure, to be known as the Larkin ‘Tower, will climb 1208 feet above the street level—416 feet above the sixty-story Woolworth Building. From the rocks on which the feet of the new giant will rest to the tip of its flagpole the distance will be a quarter of a mile. Eight million bricks will go into the walls of its enormous body, while the steel required for its backbone and ribs will amount to 40,000 tons—enough to load a train twenty-two miles long. In- cluding the value of the 50,000 square feet of land on which it will rest, this super- skyscraper will cost in the neighborhood of $12,500,000! OOK at the architect's picture of the proposed Larkin ‘Tower on this page and imagine yourself standing at a win- dow on the hundredth floor and looking down upon specks of humanity on the street below. Then ask yourself if Edison is right. Are American cities in danger of strangling themselves to death with skyscrapers? Will pyramids like this, reaching ever higher to the clouds, end in ruin and confusion? Or will they, as their designers assure us, bring increasing health, comfort, wealth and happiness? Possibly time alone will give the answer. For the present, one fact re- mains undisputed: We are going to have more and higher skyscrapers. The design of the Larkin Tower typifies a distinct trend in typically American architecture. Even now in Detroit plans are made for the eighty-story Book Tower which, when completed, will out-top the present tallest building in the country by nearly Set the Flatiron Build- ing on the Woolworth Building and their com- bined heights would be out-topped by the proj- ected Larkin Tower! ax if any, beyond which a sky- scraper ceases to be physi- cally possible or economically practical? The chief peril which Edi- son foresees is the traffic tie- up which he fears they will cause during rush hours of the day. He pictures as many people as there are in such communities as Newport, R. L., Lexington, Ky., or San Jose, Calif. attempting, at approximately the same moment, to reach the entrances of a single building in the morning, or being poured into the streets, all at once, at the close of the day’s work. Nor is Edison alone in this fear. For example, Henry H. Curran, counsel to the City Club of New York and sponsor of new laws to limit the height of build- ings, recently told a group of St. Louisans that the skyscraper already has given New York, Chicago and other large cities “‘structural indigestion.” Similarly, Robert A. Pope, of the American Town Planning Association and Thomas Adams, director of regional planning in New York City, say that the size of skyscrapers must be limited to the traffic capacity of the streets. ROM some of the nation’s foremost skyscraper architects, including such men as Harvey Wiley Corbett, one of the designers of the Bush Terminal Building in New York, and Alfred C. Bossom, who directed the recent skyscraper exhibit, comes an answer. They contend that skyscrapers, far from being the cause o traffic congestion, really offer the most practical form of traffic relief; for they divert traffic from the city streets into the air. from the horizontal to the vertical. ‘In other words,”’ explains Mr. Bos- som, “our skyscrapers really are additional streets, and their occupants travel three

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Me sI- ly di- 1e- March, 1927 or four blocks up and down in the air instead of traveling three or four blocks in a hor- izontal direction.” In addition, as Mr. Corbett points out, tall buildings, as now planned, are in them- selves the centers of cer- tain businesses and in- dustries: one is a center of the garment trade, another an insurance center, and soon. Thus much of the business in any one industry can be transacted within the walls of one or two buildings. pee: from the question of traffic congestion, however, other considerations may have much to do with determining the limits to which sky- scrapers can go. Engi- POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY within Four Walls! By Robert E. Martin + sas &

‘Cree: ~~ A vision of the fu- ture—‘ View of an Imaginary City,” drawn by Hugh Ferriss, famous New York architect “ill ® ueering problems, for he . instance, increase enor- ny Ma mously withevery story © added to the height. 86th <= a ee ee mes & ewer are eee er . fie « . rt, if., me i ing the For to 1sor ild- sans ven arge rly, own ums, ‘ork pers Vv of most such { the |ding who hibit, that ise of most they . into ) the Bos- t ional three One of the chief of these is the problem of elevator service. To hoist cars to the top of a tall building requires tremendous lengths of | steel cable, and there is a limit of length, be- youd which such cables would snap of their own weight. To operate the sixty elevators planned for the Larkin Tower, fifty miles of cables will be needed, and some of the elevators will require cables a mile and a half long. But not one of the sixty will run to the top of the building. I'wo will ascend as high as the eighty- second floor, and from there shuttle cars will continue to the top floor. UCH a relay or shuttle system, of course, might conceivably be ex- tended indefinitely in still taller buildings, but the resulting inconvenience might make the topmost floors of considerably less rental value. However, light, high speed elevators for direct service even- tually may solve the problem. “tll another height limitation is seen in zoning laws such as those of New York, Which require the walls of tall buildings to be set back from the street at successive Hitervals to assure light and air for sur- rounding buildings. Obviously, these actbacks tend to taper a skyscraper oward a point beyond which it may hot go. But here es again, there is no absolute Imitation: ‘ne lor the possible height depends Whe " ‘di the size of the plot on which “ea ing stands. On a lot much arger than the site for the Larkin Tower, 5 a... Se a | Al imi i= - ie 6 ad The union Terminal Tower, planned as Cleve- land’s greatest building, and (above) Detroit’s Book Tower, taller than the Woolworth Building +3F

a far taller skyscraper might conceiv- ably be erected within the law. As for the physical possibility of erect- ing higher steel frameworks _ strong enough to support their own tremendous weight and to withstand wind pressure, engineers say that the height limit by no means has been reached. Materials and construction methods have progressed to such a point, they declare, that it would be possible to erect a building far higher than 1200 feet. OR the Larkin Tower, three years of experiment have resulted in new methods of stronger steel construction devised by John A. Larkin, the architect. He has perfected an improved system for tying together the huge girders that form the supporting framework at the lower levels. Nor do designers fear that great build- ings offer extra (Continued on page 129)

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 1927 lenn Pu tttss Glenn Curtiss, the first man to fly an airplane in public. He has spent his life in pursuit of speed, holding at one time speed records for land, water and air. No man has done more to develop aviation. This photograph was taken recently at his Florida country home HIS is not a story of dreams come true. Glenn Curtiss, as a boy, never dreamed of flying! Yet flving, designing and building airplanes, lifting flying from a mere scientific marvel to a practical, commercial means of transportation, was a natural evolution from the tastes and occupations of his boy- hood and young manhood. Speed was his boyhood ambition; the de- sire to travel faster, do things more quickly than other boys could do them. Three names stand at the very beginning of the history of aviation. First in point of time is Samuel P. Langley, secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, who pointed the way in the development of heavier-than-air machines. Next come the Wright brothers of Dayton, Ohio, _ first actually to get into the air with a motor-propelled machine. Then, fi- nally, Curtiss joins the honor roll as the first to make a preannounced public flight; first, too, to make it possible for everybody to fly. An incredulous world laughed Professor Langley to an untimely grave wven his great “aerodrome,” snagged on the launching-way, dived into the Potomac river. Yet Glenn Curtiss told me that when he flew that machine, years later, it was un- changed in the slightest detail of de- **T Liked Speed!’ —In Those Three Words the Great Pioneer Epitomizes His Romantic Career — The First of a Remarkable Series of Articles sign or construction, engine or propeller. But long before that demonstration that the Secretary of the Smithsonian Insti- tution had not been the futile visionary which the world had dubbed him, there had come, out of two widely separated bicycle repair shops, two completely con- vincing demonstrations that man could fly! Only a bare twenty vears ago; scarcely that. Yet so commonplace a matter is flying today that one must be middle- aged to recall the thrill which swept over the whole world in 1908, when people actually saw, first Curtiss, then Wilbur Wright, fly their planes. The dream of poets and philosophers from time im- memorial had come true! The myths of the ancient races, the futile efforts of hundreds of years through which men had dreamed of flying, tried to fly, ridiculed the idea of flying, had crystallized into the hard-headed rule of the Patent Office that flying machines and perpetual mo- tion machines must be demonstrated before a patent application would be considered. Then,suddenly.it happened. Men flew! Only the credulous believed those first stories, telegraphed to the press by reporters hidden among the sand dunes at Kitty Hawk, that they had seen a The little bicycle repair shop at Hammondsport, N. Y., in which machine go into the air, carrying a man. It remained for Glenn Curciss to prove it to all the world on the Fourth of July, 1908, when he flew the “June Bug,” a machine of his own design and construc- tion, for all men to see. From then on he took and held the leadership in the development of the airplane, and in flying. His was the first pilot’s license issued by the Aero Club of America. He was the first to win the trophies and prizes offered in America and Europe for distance and for speed in the air. Every plane in use in the world today embodies the principle which he invented and developed and which alone made flying as we know it today possible, the principle of the aileron. He was the first to build and fly a plane equipped to rise from, and land on, the surface of the water. The flying boat was his invention. Under his guidance and in his planes the air- men who rank highest in the service of the Army and Navy today learned to fly. When the European war broke out. it was to Curtiss that the Allies turned first to supply the _ needed planes, beyond their own resources, to en- able them to meet the German army in the air. And after the war it was a Navy- Curtiss flying — boat, under the guidance of one of Curtiss’ pu- pils, which made the first flight across the Atlantic ocean. In short, Glenn Curtiss made aviation practical. He is. still under fifty. His life story has never been told in print. The editor of PopuLar ScrENCE MoNTHLY commissioned me to find him and persuade him to let his story be written. I found him in southern Flor- ida, gratifying his craving for speed by building a new suburb of Miami—his third or fourth—in record time. On the grounds of the archery club at his newest Miami sub- urb, with a six-foot African the engine that led Glenn Curtiss into aviation was developed. Standing in the doorway is the young proprietor-inventor. Above, Curtiss’ first invention—a double-chambered acetylene generator hunting bow, he was the em- bodiment of speed in action. ae lt

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he he rst of he nd he ay ed de he rst ‘ise the on. nd ir- est the lay pani vas the to ded ier en- eet in the vy- pat, > of pu- the the tiss fty. ver The NCE me him ten. ‘lor- for new hird On very ub- cal em hon. March, 1927 ‘ Long and lean—“‘rangy”’ is the word— he seemed the most unhurried of the whole » team of archers, but he moved faster and ® shot his arrows farther and more accu- > ately thanany of them. No false motions. Everything counted. I did not have to © ask questions to get some of the informa- tion | had come to seek. Here was a man who thinks before he acts, then acts precisely, without fumbling. YPICALLY American. As typical as the cartooned “* Uncle Sam,” with his high forehead, light blue eves, long, thin nose; only the chin whiskers and star-spangled plug hat lacking. Large, competent hands; the long fingers of the artist, the capable thumbs of the born mechanic. How had it come about that he, of all the youth of both hemispheres who had "* essayed to fly twenty years ago, on the ® . heels of the Wrights’ demonstration that * man could fly, had done more than all the rest of them to make flying easier, safer, more popular? The Wright brothers were the first to fly; nobody conceded their priority more generously than Glenn Curtiss. But he was the first to devise and build airplanes that anybody could learn to fly, himself the first to fly farther, faster and higher than anyone else could go. “‘ For the in- crease and diffusion of knowledge among men,’ reads the inscription on the pound of pure gold which the Smithsonian In- stitution gave him a dozen years ago and more, the Langley Medal for Aerodromics, awarded to him first of all Americans. That pretty nearly sums up the story of Twin-cyling POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Air Pilot No. By Frank Parker Stockbridge Test flight of the queer, cabinless Army Dirigible No. 1, at Fort Myer, Va., 1905, with Curtiss, forward, at the engine and Capt. T. S. Baldwin, aft, steering. It rode “like a cantering horse”’ That accounts for Glenn Curtiss. Take a Yankee boy, born with the Yankee gift for “fixing things,” throw him on his own resources, fire him with a craving for speed and disgust at being beaten, and he is bound to make something which will either enable old things to be done faster and better, or which will do something which has never been done at all before. What he will make and what it will do, nobody can foretell. Nobody could foretell, when Glenn Hammond Curtiss was born in the Meth- odist parsonage at Ham- mondsport, N. Y., on May 21, 1878, that before he was thirty men would be flying like birds. It happened that flying was “‘in the air” just at the time that his Yankee ingenuity was ripe to tackle it. ‘Ten years later it might have been radio; ten years earlier, electric power. Glenn Curtiss found his means of gratifying his craving for speed and exer- ier type of Curtiss motorcycle—the young bicycle repair shop proprietor, at the turn of the century, was manufactur- ing the fastest motorcycles of his day. One of these engines fur- nished the motive power for the first successful flight of an airship cising his talent for “fixing things,” first in motorcycles then in dirigibles, then, by a his contribution to the science and art of flying. Others practiced flying in secret; he iny ited the whole world to see him fly, to fly with him, showed them how it was fone, taught them how to do it. co — to my first question, added WI ‘ag had observed, almost told the “y story of how he became a flyer. he = hovhood dream of the future?” we ti 9 Why, I don’t know that I ale al Tega wanted to get things etal 1 . them faster than the other ae Re pied to be beaten. I liked “to ee liked to make things. I was ays handy at fixing things.” natural sequence, in air- planes. And how well he succeeded may be gathered from the fact that he made, and for years held, the world’s record for the fastest mile on land and the fastest mile in the air, driving ma- chines of his own design and construction in each instance; while a boat of his design and engined with his motors made the fastest speed ever recorded on water up to that time. AMMONDSPORT, Steuben county, New York. A _ typical American small town, lying at the foot of Lake Keuka, the “‘forefinger”’ of New York's “finger lakes.” Intensely hot in summer, ripening the finest grapes grown this side of the Atlantic on its steep hillsides; in- tensely cold in winter. Fine for coasting, those steep hillsides. ““When Gene Banter, who used to work for my father, built a sled for another boy which was the fastest coaster on our hill,” he told me, “‘I wasn’t satisfied until I had got Gene to build one for me that would coast even faster. I guess that was about my earliest taste of anything like real speed.” EFT fatherless at four, the boy had to earn whatever money his vouthful tastes demanded, in a household where pennies had to be counted. Tying and pruning grapevines and picking the grapes at harvest time was one way. Another way was to make the things he wanted and couldn't buy; a pin hole camera made from a cigar box, for example. ** Handy at fixing things.” He grew tall and rangy. a runner, a skater. Dissatisfied with his unaided speed on ice, he built a sail, a stout bam- boo fishpole for a mast. Now he could outspeed everything on Lake Keuka when the Arctic winds blew down from Canada! He was twelve years old when _ his mother moved to Rochester, to put Glenn’s younger sister in a school for the deaf. Glenn kept on at school, too, but helped out the family income by working after school and on Saturdays. ‘Tinker- ing, “fixing things” in his spare time, he built a creditable telegraph set. ** There was good workmanship in that,” he told me. “I was about fourteen, and a handy boy of fourteen ought to do and usually does a workmanlike job. That was about the time I finished school. I got as far as the grade schools could take me, and that is all the formal schooling I ever had. I got my high school entrance certificate, but never used it. I remember that I made one hundred in algebra in that examination, and ninety-nine in

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22 arithmetic, but in geography, grammar and spelling I had to take the examina- tion three times to get the passing mark of seventy-five.” Out on his own at fourteen. Out for a regular job. He found it first as a tele- graph messenger, then at the Eastman Kodak works, stencilling the numbers which show through the red window in the camera’s back, on the protective strips of paper. At $4 a week! OW Glenn Curtiss’ genius for “fixing things” brought its first tangible re- ward. After mastering the job and thinking it over, he went to the boss with a proposal to put the boys on piecework, at twenty-five cents a hundred strips. They were averaging 250 strips a day, which would make the piece rate vield them just about the equivalent of their $4 wage. The proposal was accepted, and Glenn showed up at the shop the next day with a rack which would hold a pile of a hundred strips, a hinged arrangement to hold the stencil and enable it to be lifted and replaced rapidly, and a brush big enough to “‘swipe” the color across the whole stencil at one stroke, instead of dabbing at each individual hole. “Production jumped so rapidly that they kept cutting down the rate, until we were getting only nine cents a hun- dred,” he told me, chuck- ling at the recollection. “Even then we made good wages—for boys in those days. We got the production up to two thou- sand five hundred strips a day per boy, ten times the original output. That gave us more than they had been paying the men we had re- placed. That was my first lesson in the value of me- chanical ingenuity, and also in the superiority of piece- work over wages when pro- duction at speed is sought.” RS. CURTISS, Glenn’s mother, had found profitable work in free-hand crayon enlarge- ment of photographs. Me- chanical processes, air-brush work on bromide enlarge- ments, enabled others to cut prices, so she decided to adopt the new method and acquired an enlarging camera. * That brought a lens into the family,” he said, “and it was inevitable that I should make a view camera to fit it. I made a pretty good one. I remember that [ was rather proud of the workman- ship. ‘Then my mother married again and [ went back to Hammondsport to live with my grandmother, and the camera with me. ‘lL made money with that camera. I went around the country photographing things on the farms. The farmers usually thought pretty well of their horses and barns; their wives liked pictures of the house and the children. The first trip I would not try to sell anything, just got them to let me take the pictures. Then when I called again with the finished prints they usually bought them.” He earned a bicvele by this and other means, tinkering, “fixing things.”’ Wir- t took POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ing electric doorbells, for instance; electric lights had not yet come into Hammonds- port in the middle nineties. The bicycle enabled him to extend the range of his photographic work, and to gratify his craving for speed. There was no vehicle of any sort, on land or water, in tho- days, that could go as fast as a bicycl except a railroad train. One or two ex- perimenters were trying to hitch gasoline engines or electric motors to carriages, but when they worked, which was not often, any good bicyclist could ride rings around them. Hammondsport and Glenn Curtiss had never even heard of the not yet quite born automobile. But Glenn Curtiss could push his “wheel,” with those long legs of his, uphill, down- hill or on the level, faster than any other How Glenn Curtiss came to know more about air propellers than anyone else in the world: The “wind wagon”’ which he built, on runners, to test out engines and propellers on Lake Keuka in winter; above, the “‘horse-scarer,’’ for the same purpose on land boy in Hammondsport. Soon his knowl- odge of bicycles and his handiness at “* fix- ing things”? got him a job in the bicycle repair shop owned by James Smellie. It was not long before he was running the shop. This was in 1897, when he was nineteen, A rival bicycle dealer and repair man organized a five-mile road race over the rough highways of the Keuka valley. Smellie thought Glenn could win if he had a racing machine, and arranged with a bicycle factory, which promoted its wares by encouraging young racers, to sell the boy a racer at half price, on installments. “T felt as if I were stealing it,’ Mr. Curtiss said, “when I got a hundred dollar bicycle for fifty dollars.” That race is still historic in Hammonds- port. Glenn Curtiss won by half a mile! It was a sensational victory, and from then on for three years his vellow Stearns racer led the way in innumerable rural and small town bicycle meets and road races. March, 1927 For the remarkable fact is that he won every race in which he started, until the last one. Ps \ E RACED for cash prizes in those days,” he told me. “The dis- tinction between amateur and _profes- sional was not drawn until later. There were always bicycle races on Decoration Day and Fourth of July and when the volunteer firemen held a field day. Sometimes it was a stretch of country road, sometimes the trotting track at the county fair grounds. I raced all over the southern tier of counties and got a good deal of cash that way. Then I went toa race meet at Syracuse, at the State Fair grounds, and was beaten. That was enough for me. I was through with bicy- cling and began to look for something faster. I didn’t like to be beaten.” By this time, 1900, he had got ahead in the world sufficiently to open his own bicycle repair shop and sales agency. One day his old employer, Smellie, puffed up the hill on his bicycle. “I'm tired of pushing this old wheel uphill,” he panted. ““[’m going to give it up until [ get something to push it.” That gave Glenn Curtiss a new idea to think about. Then, as now, he thought over things a good while before putting his ideas into action. But he had done sev- eral things in_his bicycle shop which had given hima local reputation as an inventor as well as a skilled mechanic, and he had two or three young men work- ing for him who were incapable of sur- prise, whatever the freak job might be that they were told to do. NE of the Curtiss inventions was an acetylene gas generator which worked better than anything Hammondsport had seen. People in country towns had hardly begun then to dream of the time when every village and farm would be lighted by electricity. Acetylene seemed to be the ideal light for such places, easily generated by letting water drop on powdered calcium carbide, which was being produced cheap- ly at the new industrial center at Niagara Falls. Called upon to repair an acetylene generator, Glenn Curtiss devised an in- provement. The main objection to the ones in use was that they required a good deal of attention, and when the carbide was exhausted the lights went out until the machine was recharged. He made one with two magazines for the carbide, 5° arranged that when the contents of one were used up the other would come into action, giving continuous light while the first magazine was being recharge First he lighted his own home and shop. later several business buildings in Ham- mondsport, by means of the generator his own devising. Such activities gave the bicycle shop something to do in the winter, when the bicycle business was dull. ; “T used to resent being called an I ventor,” Mr. Curtiss told me in Florida. ‘An inventor, as people in country tow? thought of him, (Continued on page 1) Ph DG Lee

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On Ly. try he he od pa air yas Oy. ing in wn cy, lie, eel Dit nn to en, ght 0d ing on. ev- his Lich na as nic, ork- sur- be ; an ‘ked had rdly shen hted > the ated um eap- gara ‘lene | im- y the good rbide until e one e, 80 f one . into e the rged. shop: Ham- tor of shop an the in in orida. towns e 130) March, 1927 NE of our readers has written to us asking us to select the most important recent achievement in science. Rather a large order, that! We might answer by saying that the biggest thing science has done of late has been to sweep away barriers limiting human knowledge and achievement. For in the last few months the last unknown lands of the earth have been penetrated by explorers; limits of time and space have been an- nihilated; regions far beyond the visible heavens have been searched; unseen forces hidden within the smallest specks of matter have been brought forth to produce new marvels. No single new accomplishment of sci- ence can be said to stand alone in im- > portance. But the following undoubtedly must be considered outstanding contri- butions: Exploration AST stretches of the Polar Sea, one of the few remaining regions of the earth unexplored by man, were seen for the first time when Lieut. Commander R. E. Byrd, U.S.N., reached the North Pole by airplane from Spitzbergen; and when Roald Amundsen, a few days later, crossed the Pole to Alaska in the airship Norge, covering 2700 miles in 71 hours. Wildernesses in the heart of New Guin- ea in the South Seas, the only known land never before trod by white men, were penetrated recently by an American- Dutch party of explorers. lcy shores of Greenland were visited by an expedition, headed by Dr. William H. Hobbs, of the University of Michigan, searching for the source of hurricanes that sweep down upon trans-Atlantic shipping. Transportation HE practicability of the latest air- planes and dirigible airships alike for pe distanc e travel was proved in the Polar flights, in the 3500-mile voyage of Spanish fliers across the Atlantic from “pain to South America, and in the ~5.000-mile journey of Sir Alan Cobham lrom England to Australia and back. 4 record-breaking dash around the eC; - ; x . Well Was made by two Americans. Linton ells and Edward S. Evans, who com- pleted the cireuit in twenty-eight days. \irplanes, automobiles, railway trains, motor boats and ocean liners all had a part in the achievement. eon = = ~~ seen the airplane a e - rec as a vital factor In “| transportation. In America alone, ¢ saiadainc an ded > 0 ommercial aircraft flew 1,774,268 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY New faith, likewise, in the future of lighter-than-air ships is shown in the authorization by Congress of two diri- gibles of 6,000.000 cubic feet capacity, and in the completion of the new Army semi- rigid airship RS-/. Great Britain has begun construction of two 5,000,000-cubic- foot dirigibles, and Germany one of 3.500,000 cubic feet capacity for trans- Atlantic service. Airship mooring masts have been erected at Detroit, Mich.; Scott Field, Ill.; in Egypt and in India. Communication I’ ARVELOUS inventions and dis- coveries in radio bring assur- ances that the next great step, vision by wireless, is not far off. The latest achieve- ments in television apparatus are de- scribed on page 37 of this issue. Other recent advances in the same direction were improvements and refinements in radio transmission of pictures. A long step in world wireless communi- cation was the recent inauguration of directed “‘beam”’ transmission on a large scale in the British Empire. Equally im- portant was the successful establishment of two-way radio communication between New York and London. As this is writ- ten arrangements have been completed whereby a person in New York can call up and chat with a friend in England! Physics and Chemistry B* DISCOVERING and _ harnessing mysterious forces of creation, the men of pure science in the laboratories have added appreciably to the world’s wealth. Dr. W. D. Coolidge’s cathode ray tube, the purplish rays of which trans- form almost every object they strike, and Dr. R. A. Millikan’s verification of the existence of extremely penetrating cosmic rays, are outstanding recent wonders. Artificial gasoline from liquefied coal; fuels from sawdust, water, coal and mo- lasses; sugar from wood, sawdust and roots—these are typical of new labora- tory creations. In the rubber field, an important new process was developed for rubber-plating articles. Helium was produced in solid form in recent experiments, hydrogen was transmuted into helium, and a new chem- ical element, illinium, was discovered. Engineering OMPLETION of the great tube for vehicle traffic under the Hudson river between New York and New Jersey; the projection of tremendous skyscrapers 23 The New Gifts of Science Outstanding Achievements in Various Fields That Are Making Life Easter for All of Us reaching far above any we have today; and plans for the world’s greatest bridge across the Hudson are demonstrations that men with modern machinery can accomplish almost anything they set their minds to. Methods have been perfected to replace the din of riveting by electric welding of steel beams in the construction of huge buildings. Increasing demands for electric power have brought the installation of a monster 80,000 kilowatt turbine generator, largest in the world, for the Brooklyn Edison Company, while work on still larger ones was started for the Commonwealth Edi- son Company of Chicago and the United Electric Light and Power Company of New York. A step toward superpower has been the vast project announced to harness the waters of the Tennessee river with 100 dams, including the Muscle Shoals dams, capable of generating 4,000,000 horse- power. Medicine NCREASED microscopic knowledge of bacteria, of their reproduction and their effects on the body, has brought progress toward human immunity from disease. Dr. Philip Hadley of the Uni- versity of Michigan has carried on experi- ments indicating that a species of bacteria in many cases can be divided into two distinct types, existing side by side, one of which resists defensive cells of the blood, while the other is readily destroyed by them. Serum from an animal inocu- lated with the disease in question, he found, has power to change the virulent form into the nonvirulent form. Partial immunity to measles through injections of serum from persons who have recovered from the disease has been claimed in a report to the League of Nations Health Committee. Moreover, Dr. E. B. Krumbhaar, of Philadelphia, recently announced the discovery that the spleen is an important source of the defensive blood cells which aid the body in resisting disease. Astronomy ITH the aid of powerful telescopes astronomers have been able to peer farther into the borderlands of space than ever before. Dr. Edwin Hubble of Mount Wilson Observatory has announced that the region of space within the limits of man’s observation now is a_ sphere 140,000,000 light years in radius. F. G. Pease, designer of the great Hooker 100-inch reflector telescope for Mount Wilson (Continued on page 133)

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 1927 Modern man depicts his primitive ancestors—Louis Masacre, sculptor to the Court of Belgium, shown at work on a remarkable series for the British Museum, depicting the development of primitive man as seen in his earliest efforts to feed, clothe and warm himself 7 “a a a . a 6 anly About Peopl What Unusual Folk Are Doing Strange masks the Indians wore—A. H. Fisher, naturalist, recently brought from Peru, South America, for the Museum of He has the first and last word on the weather , é - p the American Indian, New York City, “sg reports——-J. J. Murphy, of the farthest east of Ys = collection of Sncent Indian relics, in- U.S. Weather Bureau stations at Eastport, Me. if cluding these ceremonial masks of bark The instrument he is reading is an anemometer A licensed aviator at thirteen— Frank Rippingille, Detroit school- boy, who was granted a pilot’s license recently in the National Aeronautic Association. He is shown being congratulated by Clyde Emrick, his flying instructor America’s most famous ship, ‘Old Ironsides,”’ is pictured again in all her glory in this painting by Gor- don Grant, noted artist, painted Serious business, this!—In his own home work as part of a nation-wide cam- shop in Washington, D. C., Rush L. Holland paign to restore the ship. Models (right), former Assistant Attorney General of of “Old Ironsides’’ are being made the United States, finds time away from his law by many readers of Popurar practice to indulge his hobby of cabinetmaking. Science Monrtnty, following the William G. Wheeler (left), who is also an construction articles published attorney, shares both the hobby and the shop

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—a POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY An artistic artisan, Grant Dech ant, of Abingdon, IIl., has won fame as ‘the bricklayer who makes fine violins.’’ Starting as a bricklayer, he learned violin mak- ing without instruction, out of love for it. He repairs violins, too, and has worked on some of the finest instruments in the world She owns a foundry plant run entirely by women Miss Annette Ashberry, shown here watching one of the women at work in her plant at Brixton, England, was recently elected a member of the British Society of Engineers. This unique plant is ‘‘manned”’ en tirely by women, who do all kinds of foundry work Motor boat owners know him—Bert O. God frey, of Seattle, Wash., who solved a long- standing problem of motor boating when he invented the remarkable apparatus above for testing and correcting the pitch of a propeller Fo inders ere the Polar Legion consisting of leaders of expeditions which Amundsen © the North or South Pole. Left to right, they are Capt. Roald the N rg ommander Richard E. Byrd, and Lincoln Ellsworth. Byrd reached orth Pole by plane last spring, Ellsworth and Amundsen by airship and only living members of one of the most exclusive organizations Wrestling with alligators under water—but George Link, who thus pitted his skill against the saurian’s strength, emerged victorious only after the monster’s teeth had been taped. The photo was taken through the glass tank

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY drafts. A A A A For healthful ventilation in your home—keep the temperature from sixty-five to sixty-seven degrees, with a fifty percent relative humidity. Open the windows at top and bottom. Avoid Drink fresh air while indoors, but don’t take it straight. Mix it with air previously warmed. Sleep warm, but allow for a free flow of fresh air throughout the room through the night. Buy a thermometer and watch it all the time. Do You Breathe the R How a Hot, Stuffy House Destroys Your Health and Efficiency, and How to Ventilate It Properly HEN the president of one of the largest textile manufac- turing plants in New England walked into his office one morning about a year ago, there was, to quote the file clerk, “* blood in his eye.” “Tell Mr. Everson I want him to come here at once!” he directed his secretary. When Mr. Everson, the production manager, appeared, the boss lost no time in getting to the point. ** Everson, what’s happened out there?” and he waved his hand in the direction of the work rooms. “Is everybody taking a vacation with pay? You know, of course, that production’s fallen off twenty per- cent since the fifteenth of December. What’s wrong?” Everson had been expecting this inter- view for some time. He had hoped he would have the answer ready if and when the question was asked. But he didn’t. “Everybody seems to be doing his best, there have been no complaints,” he told his superior. ‘‘I’ve studied the situa- tion from every angle but Im as far from a solution today as ever.” The president drummed on his desk. * OU’VE done all vou can, eh?” he said finally. ‘“‘Well, I've lost a lot of sleep trying to figure it out myself. We've both failed. Let's give one of these business experts a trial.”’ A few days later an efficiency expert arrived and after an hour’s inspection of the plant went to the president. ‘* You don’t need a business expert; you need a ventilation expert,” he said. “Your plant is stuffy, overheated and dry.” Three days later the ventilation expert who was called in made his report. In it he said: * Your employees are listless and By Jack O’ DonnELL enervated. They have the desire to do their usual amount 6f work but you are slowly ‘steaming’ the life out of them. Your shop is overheated. The average temperature throughout the day is eighty-three degrees while the relative humidity is only thirty-seven. Decrease the average temperature to between sixty and sixty-four degrees and increase the relative humidity to about forty-six, and it won’t be long before your produc- tion is back where it should be.” NDER the direction of the ventilation expert, every room in the plant was soon thereafter provided with a sufficient number of ventilators, some near the floor, some near the ceiling, to permit the free circulation of good air. The heating plant was changed, or regulated, so that an even temperature of about sixty-four degrees was maintained throughout the day. When the work was completed there were no drafts, yet the air was kept in constant, gentle motion. The steam pipe heating system provided sufficient moisture to keep the humidity at about forty-six. Immediately there was an upward curve in the production chart. Em- ployees threw off their lassitude, the pro- duction manager smiled again and the boss lost his grouch. N THE last twenty years scientists have exploded many of the old theories of ventilation. By experiments they have arrived at important new conclusions regarding what actually constitutes good ventilation in our homes. When about 150 years ago it was dis- covered that oxygen was taken into the blood through the membrane of the lungs in inhaled air, and that carbon dioxide from the blood was thrown off in exhaled air, numerous erroneous conclusions were drawn. One of these was that an excess of carbon dioxide, not lack of oxygen, was the cause of asphyxiation in badly ventilated places. Scientists have ex- ploded this theory by repeated experi- ments and now hold that carbon dioxide in amounts likely to be thrown off in the most crowded room is harmless. It is true, however, that bad ventilation does exert the most profound effects upon human health and comfort. Crowded, ill-ventilated rooms, such as those occu- pied by the workers at the New England textile plant, bring on a feeling of dull- ness, sleepiness, sometimes faintness and nausea. There are classic instances in which bad atmospheric conditions have ended in tragedy. The most famous of these, perhaps, is that known as the Black Hole of Calcutta. HAT tragedy happened on one of the hottest of hot nights in British India, more than 150 years ago, when a youthful and merciless ruler of Bengal imprisoned 146 English soldiers in a small cell in Fort William. The heavy door of this room, built for two persons, was bolted, and the only air that entered came through two tiny barred windows. The prisoners perspired profusely and were consumed with thirst within a few minutes after the 146 entered. Clothing was removed, frantic on- slaughts were made against door and windows, and the room became a bedlam. Men fought and clawed each _ other throughout a night of horror, until weak- ness overcame them. By morning death had come to all but twenty-three. This tragedy remains as the greatest demonstration in history of man’s bond- age to the air that surrounds him. For many years it was believed that these soldiers died because the air had been vitiated (Continued on page 142) March, 1927 Fi ; ES Va Ris sine or aise reer

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e of itish en a ngal mall or of was fered lows. and . few on- and jlam. other veak- Jeath atest bond- — that r had re 142) March, 1927 1 Score of Usable Hints to Add to Your Home’s Comfort and Conventence by Joun R. McMauHon E THE Egyptians or Chinese in- vented plumbing, it has remained for America to make bathrooms as common and popular as automo- biles. Tubless foreigners gape at our sanitary wealth, and we gape back at their community washhouses and tin or rubber substitutes for porcelain luxury. The average European palace sports one bathroom, we are told, and when the king is shaving the rest of the royal family line up at the door waiting their turn to enter. A similar situation arises quite fre- quently in American households. Here, being unrestrained by royal etiquette, the members of the Smith family roar at one another or at least pass sarcastic remarks. Father is at a disadvantage in the repar- tee, being lathered up and maybe trying out an old style razor. They taunt him with the fact that the Joneses, next door, have two bathrooms. Mr. Smith is bound to yield in time. Thus spreads the two- bathroom idea, which doubtless will be- come universal practice in another genera- tion. ‘Today builders of new and remod- lers of old dwellings are heeding the demand for duplex plumbing convenience. Is it easy to add a second bathroom to an old house? Y ES —provided the present layout per- 4 mits the new bathroom to adjoin the oid one on either side or directly above or directly below. This arrangement would ermuit the principal piping to be undis- irhed or changed only slightly to serve Wo sets of fixtures. On the other hand, a new bathroom at the far end of the — requires much extra ‘rial and labor and may ’ } } { + ( POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Sow, stack?) CLEANOUT. RUS WATER SUPPLY \. FROM STREET MAIN hall. It is possible to change stairs, and in some instances it might pay to extend the house a few feet. A space only six by six feet will do, as a minimum. Most bathrooms, of course, are on the second floor, handy to the sleeping quarters. Sometimes, in a bungalow, the extra bath is placed in the basement. An outside window should be in every bathroom. Is plumbing practice today scientific and standardized? i as much so as automobile man- ufacturing. Inother words, the kinds and grades are numerous. After all, plumb- ing in the modern sense dates back only a few decades. Real sanitary engineering is just beginning. The Bureau of Standards at Washington carried out basic experi- ments in plumbing some five years ago, building a complete house layout with glass pipes so its experts could observe the flow of liquid inside. They even in- 27 Typical plumbing installation for small house, showing new bathroom built next to old one stalled an electric fan beside the roof vent to give the effects of wind on the system. But there is still much to be learned and applied. Can the home builder rely on city plumbing codes to specify best practice? T WOULD be fine if he could. Unfortu- nately, all sorts of conflicting methods and rules prevail in different parts of the United States. Plumbers are licensed and unlicensed. A house on a boundary might need three styles of lawful plumb- ing. The inspector who passes the job may hail from the board of health, the building department or the water depart- ment. Six permits may be required. But isn’t there any standardized code to fall back upon for guidance, in case of conflicting or inadequate laws ? HERE is a Government program for standardized and simplified plumb- ing formulated by experts under Secre- tary Hoover and offered for local more than the present tallation, Plumbing is like ‘berg—much of it is un- aud the hidden part. is 0 Jolt vour pocketbook if ‘scan only the top works. Dh ne > J Weare some of the rear- rangements possible to find we for another bathroom? Q' lEN enough space can be _taken from a bedroom. a sewing room or even from a Are You Planning to Build? R. McMAHON’S services and those of the Popular Science Institute of Stand- ards are available to assist our readers in solvy- ing their building problems. Letters will be answered free of charge. Address your letters to John R. McMahon, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York City. or state adoption. To a code-tied owner, it offers some advantage by granting additional leeway; or you may be code-free and may harmonize local requirements with the principles laid down by the Government experts in this program. For example, let us consider the big main waste pipe of cast iron. It runs horizontally with a slight slope through the cellar, either under the cement floor or attached to ceiling beams. The outlet is to

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28 sewer or septic tank, while the other end should continue full size vertically through the house to project eighteen inches or so above the roof. The whole line is called soil pipe; the upright section is termed the soil stack and, being open at the top, acts as vent as well as receiver of waste discharges. Now the Govern- ment experts tell us that the whole cast- iron line can be safely reduced in diameter from the usual four-inch size to three inches. inch bend is more easily housed under floors.

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY if a fixture—that is, sink, basin or tub— is more than five or six feet from the soil pipe or stack. Sometimes a distance of eight feet is safe. The horizontal branch pipe connecting the fixture to the main drain or soil pipe should slope one quarter to one.half inch a foot. The horizontal line should be galvanized iron with a diameter of one and a half if not two inches. The larger size is less likely to make trouble by stop- ping up. It is well to Is it necessary to have a trap and fresh air This will save material bee = know that all plumb- and labor and facili- — Se ae 4 ingconnectionsshould tate concealment of Seeere = : be made with melted pipe between the studs “Sa Teste lead, caulked, or with of a frame house. The pate bn Mon thread fittings, not by SELF=SIPHONING Y-.)f : small size fits neatly in | fe sso meats Sm a drilling 'and tapping. partitions, and a three- ALN Ri { t £ “ J Are there light and heavy cast-iron pipes of the same size? extra heavy \ JES, pipe so-called is one quarter inch thick; standard pipe so-called one eighth inch. The federal scientists say these are two ex- tremes, that we ought to have a pipe thickness somewhere between the two. If this recommendation were adopted along with the lesser size, about 250 Ibs. of cast iron and considerable caulking lead and labor would be saved on a small house. Does the soil stack or upright pipe act as vent for the entire system? N A small compact layout, it may ob- viate all other venting. On this point traditional plumbers disagree violently with the scientists. A vent for every fixture, is their classic motto. Costly and unnecessary, retort the modern experi- menters. A vent may be even worse than none, when it reduces velocity of flow and so lessens the clean-out of a pipe. A vent is nothing more than a ventila- tion pipe which connects with a waste outflow near a sink, bath, basin or such. It either runs into the soil stack or goes upward independently to project through the roof. When you see a roof with a forest of little pipes sticking up, that is evidence of old style plumbing. Small vents are sometimes necessary, it is true, ENT OPENING (VO) \ INN

FAs CLEAN-OUT ( aurennare _, . USS oP) SOIL PIPE 3°6P) CULAR | | xen son sant) ALTERNATE OUTLET (0) Arrangement of waste pipe in an oval- bottom wash basin which might produce self-siphonage of a fixture trap. dotted lines show the safer method. The vertical pipe at the right is the soil stack

inlet at the exit of the main house drain? ; ‘ N?: THAT is an old notion which is now in the discard. There is one exception in favor of this trap: it keeps out zero air, in the colder northern regions. Otherwise the house trap is a detriment to the efficiency of the plumbing system, hin- dering circula- tion of air and the outflow of liquid. It may alsocause trouble from back pres- sure. Once it was argued that this trap barred sew- er rats from a The

March, 1927

dation and a few feet beyond before it enters any tile to sewer or septic tank. What about the small fixture traps? — with wiped joints has practically passed out in favor of neat and labor- saving traps of nickeled brass. And in- stead of the old-time large sizes, it is enough to have a trap with a water seal between two and four inches in depth. Self-siphonage of traps is a bugaboo used by advocates of multiple venting and by inventors of complicated devices which have dubious value. If the water seal is lost by siphonage once in a long time, we no longer believe that a trifle of escaping sewer gas will cause disease. Self- siphonage is more likely to happen with oval bottom fixtures like wash basins than with flat bottom fixtures like sinks and bathtubs. In the first case, the water rushes out with an abrupt finish that tends to drag the seal contents along, while in the second case the trailing finish exerts less pull on the seal. Returning to ventilation, should the main roof vent be capped for snow protection? O. THE escaping gases will honey- comb any snow and pass through. Leave the pipe open. Do not have it located too near a window so that fumes may be blown into the house. Is it desirable to have a grease trap for the kitchen sink? T IS hardly necessary for a home where there is con- nection with a public sewer, but is advised for use with aseptic tank, because grease interferes with the activities of the liquefying bacteria, house, but we [eed and chemicals used to dis- BASIN M4 | know now that aS tag solve grease also bother the such vermin can a gO ME ae bacteria.Such a trap requires ° a = : navigate through — <— 7] regular cleaning. Do not try any but a small BATH to clean a stopped-up pipe fixture trap. The fresh air inlet is entirely — super- fluous. Speaking of the main house drain, it needs at least two screw cleanouts, one at the exit and the other at the bottom of Also, the cast-iron drain should continue through the house foun- the soil stack.

Sy = ——_— in sp with caustic soda or soda lve, which combines. with ~ grease to make a hard soap. An arrangement of bathroom and kitchen sink piping. Small vents are sometimes necessary when the fixture is more than five feet from soil stack Use potash or potash lye, which make a soft soap. IIlow much water is needed for a flush toilet? HE average toilet takes about five gallons, and the Government author'- ties say thiscould (Continued on page 142)

Lis Em 5 cP b— FAS. BOTH voyng METHODS —— USED FOR'WIDELY i] TED FIXTURES | FLOORS

These diagrams illustrate typical plumbing installations suitable for bungalows and also for small houses of more

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Ase 4 for on- eT, ith ase Lies ria, lis- the ires try pipe oda vith yap. lye, ole il five iorl- 143) March, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Now-—Baked and Poured Clay, Concrete, Steel, Even Puffed Rice Used by Builders in Novel Experiments By pwin OULD you live in a house of steel? Perhaps your chil- dren’s children will, and like it, too. In the not-so-distant future, America’s millions may be housed in synthetic homes, built in a day, not by ones or twos, but by hundreds; not by hand, but by machinery. Today experimental houses are going up on all sides, some of steel, some of clay, some of molded con- crete blocks. Any one of them may set the style for the homes of the future. For instance, there is the circular house, result of an interesting experiment by Martin Koerber, of Greiz, Germany. The walls of his remarkable house are fas- tened to adomelike frame of iron girders. Four days af- ter the brick foundation was in place, workmen had completed the five-ton framework. Ina short time the outer walls, which were composed of two-inch slabs of heat-insulating material, were screwed on, and the owner moved in. Entering his dwelling, you would be surprised by the charm of the well- arranged interior; you would notice, in particular, how efficiently the builder has used every inch of space between inner and outer walls for cupboards and shelves. Not only is a house like this erected al- inost overnight, but the iron frame and wall boards might easily be standardized so that a man of moderate means could afford to have one constructed. Houses of steel offer attractive possi- bilities for economy. As in KETCHUM At left, the clay house shown in the top photo- graph before the clay coating was applied to the skeletonlike frame kitchenette and bath, is said to cost only eighteen hundred dollars to construct. All-steel houses, frame included, have been constructed in this country also. Holes are punched in the metal support- ing members at the proper places, and wrenches instead of hammers put the house together. One of Edison’s pet ideas is the syn- thetic house; he sees it, not as of steel con- struction, but as a shell of quick-setting cement, poured at one stroke into a mold the size of the finished house. Could the manufacture of automobiles, the parts can be standardized and made in such quantity as vreatly to reduce the cost. N ENGLISH iron and steel 4 4 manufacturer, Lord Weir, is doing this in Glasgow, Scotland, where in a notable housing exper- tment he has provided homes 'or the workmen of that city. His houses are of felt-lined steel Plates on a wooden frame: three motor trucks will carry one of them ‘rom factory to site, where It Is assembled in a few hours. The stecl walls are painted to ee brick, or covered with ee weber of artificial stone, sive a pleasing exterior. Such 29 Houses You wouldn’t know, from looking at this cozy | house, that it is made of clay. A recent experiment | at Sorau, Germany. Such houses look like brick the dwelling be poured at one operation, its cost would be slashed to a minimum. UILDERS in Frankfort, Germany, have carried out a modification of this scheme with striking success. In- stead of casting an entire house, they mold it in sections, each section a con- crete block eight feet long, four feet wide and eight inches thick. One such block takes the place of 600 bricks, at a tremen- dous saving in time and labor. The slabs are not too heavy to handle, despite their great size, for Frankfort is lucky in having a deposit of light voleanic rock that can be substituted for the heavy gravel which usually goes into a concrete mixture. When American architects attempted to build Forest Hills, N. Y., in the same way, using ordinary gravel, it was necessary to employ special machin- ery at considerable expense to move the massive blocks. Many kinds of concrete are being tried for home building. Clay is being used in Sorau, Germany. In Amster- dam, Holland, clinkers from the city incinerator are mixed with concrete to form air spaces, small and well distributed, providing waterproofing and _ insulation against cold and heat. Sweden has another favored mix, which accomplishes the same _ result. Samples of this concrete were dis- played at the Sesquicentennial. And one European engineer has even tried mixing puffed rice with the concrete for the same purpose, presenting the interest- ing possibility of raising a crop to build a home! American builders are watch- ing with interest the experiments with machine-made homes, a se 7 ms © of the bungalow type, ‘ , Milving room, two bedrooms, Built in 129 hours, complete from top to bottom, this modern con- crete five-room house was a feature of a recent Philadelphia exposition ready in an instant to start turning out the new synthetic dwellings.

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Illustrated by R. C. Strang The kid’s hand rubbed the ribs that had stopped Pat’s foot, but he talked to the huge man as though he were every bit as big & ‘TEEL making is a job for men, not boys, and no one Sm, knew it and acted upon that belief more whole-heart- \ ) edly than big Pat Donnell, the huge man who ruled the open hearth furnaces of Argo Steel. Messengers? He had tried them. They were always getting into mischief; cut- ting up didoes when they should have been hustling; fooling in a place where a moment's might mean death. Not that Pat would have cared a lot if a messenger hoy shuffled off—this after three experiences with them— but that such trifling might take a good steel man too, and steel makers aren't mobbing any timekeeper’s gate for jobs. “No more o’ them half-baked kids,” he had growled to the employment manager on the day the last boy had been fired. “If va got to send mill mail around, get a man. There's a dozen around here that ain’t good fer anything else.” A matter that was arranged at once, for Pat Donnell generally got what he wanted. So that when he literally tripped over a half-size edition of manhood that June morning He would never have seen the kid at all if he hadn't actually tripped over him. Pat was entirely too busy. And mad. There was a little matter of hot metal, some hundred tons of it, that was thirty minutes overdue, and thirty minutes in the affairs of an open hearth that is shooting for a record has the signifi- cance of several eons in a world’s history. Pat was on his way from the mixer, a gigantic teakettle of brick-lined steel that could—when it was full—hold a thousand tons of hot metal from the blast furnaces. It was his purpose to find out, in person, just why that ore-melting pig iron tapper of a blast furnace super couldn't live up to certain promises made over the telephone that morning. And from the way he dropped down the steel stairway in the darkness between the towering mixer and the much higher end wall of his half-mile open hearth building, some sort of information would be forth- coming. He hit the ground at a run, whirled through a door amply large enough to permit his exit—it was cut to admit carelessness POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 1927 idge EDMUND M™. LITTELL A Story of Flaming Metal, Strong Men, and a Smiling Boy with a Heart of Steel freight cars—turned the corner sharply—and tripped. His heavy foot thumped hollowly against something in the middle of its stride, and the grunt that it extracted was half-drowned by his growl: “What the—” There is no telling how that beginning would have ended, for Pat’s facility with language was equaled only by his accomplishments as a superintendent, but his surprise * at the sight of a boy— The kid scrambled to his feet, and even then his chin was no higher than the belt that girded Pat’s mighty waist. His hand was rubbing the ribs that had stopped Pat’s foot; his eyes, great brown ones that had some pain and some fear in them, looked up into the face of the giant. “Hurt ya, kid? [m sorry.” “Naw, scared to death, that’s all,” with a grin. The kid talked as though he were every bit as big as Pat, and in spite of himself Pat met him on the same ground— though his lips twitched the least bit and the great voice that could bellow orders down a heat-soaked charging floor was a bit softer than usual. “Then what ya blockin’ traffic for?’ “IT wasn’t blocking traffic, 1 was tyin’ my shoe,” said the kid bravely. “‘You’re Pat Donnell, ain’t ya?” “Yeah, an’ I hate boys—in a steel mill. Who let ya in?” A whistle shrilled and Pat looked up to see a switch engine drawing six smoking ladle cars of hot metal. That meant that he could postpone his conference with Peter Harper until a more convenient time and turn to one of the dozen other things that wanted doing. But first to get rid of the kid. > " OBODY,” the midget was saying. “I sneaked in.” “What for?” sternly. Pat was wondering if there ever was a fence made that could keep out inquisitive youngsters. “To watch ’em make steel,” said the kid with a ‘‘ what-do- you-think?”’ sort of an air. “An interfere with the men that’s trying to make it,” added Pat. ““Now you—” he was about to say “beat it,” but he stopped. The very evident concern in those brown eyes was responsible. Ain't that my luck?”’ muttered the kid, and kicked dis- gustedly at the ground. “I was—layin’ for you, and now I'm in wrong.” “What for?” The train of ladles was pulling into the build- ing, and Pat was impatient to be about his affairs. ‘To ask for a job. I been tryin’ at the timekeeper’s gate but they laughed at me. So I got in, an’-—” he stopped and lowered his eyes to inspect the movements of a discouraged toe. “Well, there ain’t no job for ya,” growled Pat. It took some courage for him to say it into the wistful face of the kid, and he qualified it by adding: “‘ Ya can do one errand for me—0l yer way out. Know where the blast furnaces are?” ; The boy looked up with brightening eyes. “Sure. There,” he PSEA ARSE BRD Toe ie EP MEIN ne

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~— lis lle ed Id ly ise as lis es, m, ver rs. do- ded he was dis- yin 1ild- but and toe. ome and —on he DT THe CR March, 1927 pointed. ‘An’ this is the open hearth, an’ there’s the bloomer, an’ next comes the twenty-inch mill, an’ the machine shop between em, an’—” How'd ya get all that?” ‘Askin’ questions—an’ peepin’ through the fence.” “H-m-m! Well, beat it to the blast furnaces. Find Pete Harper, he’s the boss. Fat an’ short, like a keg. Tell him I vot a mixer here that holds a thousand tons an’ I want it kept full. We're shootin’ fer a record this month an’ I ain’t got time to worry about his job. That’s all. Then you can clear out. HE kid was gone. Like a streak. If his twinkling legs meant anything at all they conveyed the impression that a certain boy had been given a nickel for candy and that the store was much too far away. Good riddance. And he wouldn't show up again, for when that hot-headed Pete Harper got through cussing him out he’d run faster than that. And Pat turned through the big door to see that the hot metal went into the mixerat once so that Number Four furnace could be fed without draining the reserve supply. The second of June. The month without any holidays—and twelve open hearth furnaces, all of them going. Not one furnace down for rebuilding, none that promised to burn out. and every one of those two-story brick houses for fire manned with a good crew. A perfect combination for the breaking of a if nothing went wrong—and the records of \rgo Steel were mighty hard to break, for Pat had outdone himself so many times. A small boy? Less important to Pat than the state of the weather in Timbuctoo. Get out the tonnage! Until, as he was turning away from the inspection of a new batch of ingot molds in the mold yard, a hand plucked at his sleeve. It was that infernal kid again. He told me to tell va that he’s after tonnage record POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 31 records too,’ panted the boy. “‘ An’ if ya don't like the way hot metal’s comin’ over, ya better go run the blast furnaces yerself. Ya'll get five more heats by night an’ if you don’t watch out ya'll have to build an addition on the mixer. Says ya can’t bully him, an’ he'll have it out with va anytime.” So saying the kid dropped in a heap. Such a tiny little heap! A broken rib, the doctor reported when they had rushed him to the plant hospital, and Pat recalled several things. The kid's hand had never left his side during their talk at the rear end of the open hearth building; his pointing out of the various build- ings had been done with the left hand; his eyes had not lost that look of pain, even as he swung joyously away on the errand; his face as he panted out Pete Harper's retort had been white. A heavy foot swinging with angry haste, small ribs—and trouble. Confound all boys! Doc was throwing a bandage around the kid when his eyes opened—and Pat looked into wells of regret. ‘Pm a lot o' trouble, ain't 1?” he tried to smile, but his lips trembled. “Never will get a job now.” AT snorted—a great assumption of anger. “‘Why didn’t va beat it when | told va to?” he growled. He was thanking his stars at the same time that the kid hadn't, for that rib might not have received the proper sort of attention. ‘**How could 1?" demanded the boy. “Pete told me to tell you—”’ Pete told him to! And he did! With a broken rib that stabbed with every panting breath! Pat’s aversion to boyhood was slipping. ** How'd va find me in the mold yard?” he asked. Kept huntin’ till I did.” Per- fectly simple, why ask such a fool- ish question? his tone said. **An’ what might ver name be?” “Ball. Tom Ball, Junior. My father—” he stopped Tom Ball! One of the best first helpers in Pat’s crew—until not so long ago. So intent upon his work that he had forgotten the ponderous advance of the charging machine. Buried the same day. And this was his kid! ** How old are ya?” * Fifteen goin’ on sixteen.” An’ ya want a job workin’ fer me, eh?” The light in the brown eyes was more than sufficient reply. Fortu- nately, for his lips were trembling again. “Well, ya get one,” Pat has- tened to say. “On trial, mind ya,”’ he added gruffly. “Hustle up ar’ get well an’ I'll give ya a week. One week, that’s all. An’ if ya don’t make good—” he stood up and looked away from the brown- eved gratitude that was robbing him of his manhood. ** Ya'll have a time card beginnin’ today,” and he was closing the door hastily behind him. gone, JACK to work. Two weeks of it. So strenuous that there was little time to think about a boy. Twelve furnaces, thousands of tons of materials—and a Midge le. be leaped sideways from his perilous Wen aa ease a n and fell into the apelike arms of Butch, : Slant shovel swinger. Butch gave the 0Y a mighty hug and set him on the floor hundred tiny men, lost in the immensity of the huge building, to put them together. The furnaces, all right—so far; the men, driving along enormously in emulation of Pat’s example; the materials by the trainload, and the steel in rivers of fire. The record? One whole heat—one hundred tons!—better than his best previous record for this time of the month. A tremendous gain! If it kept up this way maybe

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32 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY they could bust their record by three or four heats! Big Pat leaned back in the chair that creaked beneath his weight—and added a fifteen-year-old boy to his cares. “Say, when that half-sized chunk of an errand runner stood up to me an’ yelled fer hot metal I had to look twice to see him an’ cuss a streak to let him know who was boss!” That was what Pete Harper had said to Pat Donnell the day after the kid’s call on him. Keg-shaped Pete and tree-trunk Pat were the best of friends—except when hot metal failed to arrive on time. “‘ Why, I'd ha’ been scared to turn him down! The little shrimp might ha’ got busy an’ tapped a heat hisself! An’ a busted rib, too!” ND now Pat looked at the small bundle of eagerness that stood in the door grinning at him, ran his blunt fingers through steel-colored hair until they rasped —and grinned back. Involuntarily. Until a thought of those previous messenger boys intruded itself and he assumed the role of boss. “Well,” he growled, “ya’re back. Feelin’ all right?” Not a very warm welcome, this. But the boy failed to notice it. He was busy holding down the safety valve on something of importance. “*Sure,”’ then he popped. “‘The ladle-linin’ gang’s runnin’ out o’ fire clay an’ there’s two carloads spotted at the stock house but they ain’t unloaded yet,” all in a breath. “‘Want me to get some over?” Old news to Pat, who had a way of picking such information out of the air. The stock house was to have been his next point of call—but he failed to mention it. “Izzat so?”’ was what he said. “Yeah, guess ya better see what ya can do about it. Tell ’em I sent ya.” EARS ago, when Pat him- self was a small boy, he had been the proud possessor of a pup that was happiest when retrieving tossed sticks. He thought of that pup now as he watched his new employee tearing down the floor. The outside edge, where a cleared space permitted rapid going. Whether or not the stick would be brought back was something yet to be seen. In the meantime, Pat charged out of his cubby-hole of an office to the places where real work was being done. And, by a strange coincidence, he happened later on to be passing by the stock house, a train shed of a building that housed the miscel- lany of steel making equipment, when a gruff voice hailed him. “Did you send that grinnin’ midget out here after fire clay?” demanded a wild-eyed foreman. Pat nodded. “Well, ya’re gettin’ it! But don’t blame me when Pod Horton kicks about not gettin’ his recarburizer on time!” Pat’s elevated eyebrows asked a useless reason why. Useless because the foreman’s tirade had not stopped. When the cuss words were all sorted out his report was quite brief. The midget had come bearing an order for fire clay. “‘Said you wanted it right off.” When told of the urgent need for recarburizer, he had maintained stoutly that fire clay must come first. “Said you said so—an’ I tried to get ya on the phone to check him up.” A shrug of the shoulders indicating the hopelessness of such an attempt to find Pat in his office. ‘An’ now Pod Hor- ton’s raising Cain—there’s him now, callin’ me up fer the millionth time!” Pod Horton, the fat man who was melter in charge of four furnaces, had to be soothed at once, and that Pat did. After which he wanted to know where the kid was. “If he ain’t out there kiddin’ them fellas into shovelin’ March, 1927 faster,” snapped the foreman, “he’s prob’ly ridin’ the dinkey train back—sittin’ on the clay! Mind ya,” he shouted after a departing Pat, “‘I’ll do what’s ordered around here, but I’ll be — blasted if I'll stand fer any more lies from that cid! So it was that Pat had a chat with a crestfallen boy. At the rear end of the pouring floor behind the mixer, where a load of fire clay was being dumped. The tapping of steel was more important than the lining of ladles, he conveyed, and steel can’t be tapped without recarburizer. It was exceedingly fortunate that Pod could borrow some from another furnace; the gunning for a record was therefore not delayed. ‘‘ Not that ya didn’t do what I sent ya to do,” Pat concluded. “‘ Ya didn’t use yer head, see? An’ that'll git ya in trouble every time.” Once more a discouraged foot scraped at the ground. *‘ Aw, I guess I’m nothin’ but trouble,” said the boy. “I better—” ““Quitter, are ya?”’ growled Pat. “Can't listen to yer betters! Yeah, maybe ya'd better quit,” and his keen eyes looked deep into the upraised brown ones. They wavered, then steadied. *““Naw,” he said. “Ya gave me a week’s trial, I'll stick. What’ll I do next?” AT shrugged his great shoul- ders. “‘Find a job,” he said, and nodded toward the clean- swept boulevard of pouring floor with its row of twelve two-story houses eighty feet wide that lined the inner side, shutting off the sightcf laboring crews that worked in front of them on the elevated charging floor. ‘“‘There’s twelve furnaces, an’ a lot o’ men, shootin’ fer a record. If ya can’t help ’em out—don’t ask me what yer job is That was a fairly large order to hand one small boy, but Pat hada way of submitting men to tests, why not a boy? Especially one who—at the start—had shown such an ability to find jobs for himsclf. The week, a heat-ridden, bone- melting series of days, passed slowly into history. Days when a blazing sun beat down upon the fifteen-acre roof of the great build- ing and dared those twelve fur- naces to equal it. They did—and bettered it. The men labored, charging into the two thousand degrees of incandescence that burst from open furnace doors with the flying shovels of bottom making, tending the rivers of fire that were tapped out of the opposite sides and cascaded twenty feet into the huge ladles set in the cinder pits beneath, turning exhaustedly away from their labors to seek a coolness that could not be found. The twelve high-backed wooden benches on the outer side of the charging floor might as well have been placed in front of the furnaces; they were warm and there was no breeze. Only a heavy breath- lessness of shimmering heat waves beyond the open outer wall, a glaring brilliance of summer sun that dazzled tired eyes. The crystal clear water that purled coolly from water pipes into the twelve near-by water tanks was a tepid disappointment; it was warm, as though the pipes through which it came led down from the scorched roof instead of up from the earth that should be cooling. At the timekeeper’s gate they laughed at the kid when he asked for a job —and so he sneaked in EVEN days of such weather—and the tonnage record slipping. If only the weather would break. A black bank of clouds, the crash of summer lightning and rain in sheets would cool the parched and cracking yard and bring relief to the men who needed a breeze if ever men did. But no. And instead of one heat ahead, the record (Continued on page 144) Seats BS kG WS

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hat Ors om fire the set )elr lve ing Ces} ith- vall, The the was rom 1 be March, 1927 of ERHAPS no task an inventor can set for himself is more difficult than an attempt to model a mechanical device after a part of the human body or a living animal. And yet preliminary — efforts toward great inven- tions have almost always a attempted to simulate animate objects in ap- pearance or in action, A recent search through the records of the Patent Office disclosed scores of such fantastic starts. In 1868 an inventor brought to the Patent Office in Washington drawings of what he called a “walking vehicle.” This unique progenitor of the automobile was supported on four legs, actuated by a steam engine to walk after the fashion of animals. Searcely had he departed with his patent when two other men appeared with drawings depicting a “‘steam carriage.” “Our carriage has only two legs and walks like a man,” they announced. And there, between the shafts of a cart, stalked a steam-driven “man.” The body of this strange automaton served as the boiler. An engine just behind the body actuated the jointed legs through a system of levers. Steering was accomplished by a rope encircling the body. These inventions did not seem fantastic to the men who designed them. At that time, what could have seemed more logical than a walking carriage, or a car pulled by a mechanical man? The in- ventors had never seen a motor car. That neither of these ‘‘walking vehicles” ap- parently ever attained practical utility or financial success was due to the same reason that has doomed a great company of _ historic mechanical failures—subma- rines patterned after fish, air- planes with birdlike, flapping Wings, industrial © machines Proved to be a forerunner POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY By Ausrey D. McFapyEen Associate Examiner, U.S. Patent Office 33 How Great Inventions Are Born ; Strange machines that preceded automobiles, telephones, submarines, and their contributions to today’s marvels complicated movements of human fingers have been failures. About the simplest function that the human hand is called upon to perform is merely to open and shut—to expand and contract as in the act of milking a cow. That this manipulation is most difficult to repro- duce mechanically is apparent from a study of a milking device A typical “ flying appara- tus”’ of the kind designed to imitate the flight of birds, patented as early as 1872 by a Delaware that contracted jointed “fingers” by wires pulled taut by rotation of a crankshaft arranged in the Doyle’s « el power horse” for drawing vehicles— ed by Mr. McFadyen as “mechanically almost Perfect.” It never attained practical utility, but of the automobile man. working on this imitating the operations of human workers. They followed too closely and laboriously the animate thing they in- tended to replace. Even today, no doubt, some inventor is wasting his time and ingenuity on a machine of similar nature, by making the same mistake. For from an extended survey of such inventions may be drawn a precept of invaluable aid to inventors. It is this: Whenever an inventor at- with a machine, he must discard every semblance of animal mction, and draw upon his own imagina- ~~ tion for the movements of the machine. In short, like the poet, the true inventor must draw from airy nothing. Few persons, of course, have the vision to throw overboard an accepted way of doing a thing and to build a ma- chine that does it in an en- tirely different way. Yet, as the history of inven- tions shows, it is the capac- ity for doing so that has produced many of our mechanical marvels. A typical illustration is a device known as the “hand knotter.”’ HIS device consists of scarce- ly more parts than the fingers of one hand. It can tie a knot incomparably quicker and more accurately than any pair of hands. Yet it bears no resem- blance either in motion or ap- pearance to the hands it dis- places. This machine is practical. It achieves its purpose through the employment of recognized mechanical principles, while other similar machines that imitate the Inventors are still idea = A ae tempts to replace flesh and blood -_ =e Es —__- WK — 5 ——— aA EN = is ! whale’s skin was the steering wheel and U the rudder. pelled by electric motor B, driven by battery E “wrist” portion; and to open the “hand” by springs when the ten- sion on the wire “‘muscles”” was released. Although known to the public for more than twenty years, this apparatus appears never to have gained the favor of dairymen, and we can only impute this to one reason—it would not do the work of the human hand. UCH inventions as these were not intended as toys. Quite seriously their inventors tried to simulate the FIG.1 j= In this mechanical whale, patented by a New Yorker, even a spray was provided to add realism, and the Z indicates It was pro- imitated by cork. natural movements of their animate models, confidently expecting that a machine could perform the same operation in the same way. Thus, early attempts to construct a sewing machine imitated the act of hand sewing. A single thread was passed back and forth through the material to produce the simple “running stitch.” A device of this kind patented by Benjamin Bean in 1843 appeared only three years before Howe produced the forerunner of the modern sewing machine. Bean’s ‘“‘Machine for Sewing with a Needle”’ was hardly more than a pleater or crimping machine. The material was crimped between meshed gears to pro-

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34 duce undulations, and a curved needle was placed so that its point rested in a groove between the gears where the undulations were formed. Thus no sooner were pleats formed as the gears were rotated than they were impaled upon the needle. Such devices are now called “‘short thread” machines, because they can make a seam of only limited length. The success of Howe’s machine was due largely to the fact that it functioned differently from the movements in sewing by hand. It even introduced a new stitch! The story. typewriter presents a similar The Patent Office records show that as far back as July 23, 1829, a patent was issued to W. A. Burt for a typewriter. Burt's “typographer,” as he called it. worked somewhat like our present toy machines; that is, it had a movable dial that was twirled to bring the desired character under an impression hammer. I’ 1845 Charles Thurber, of New London, Conn., obtained a patent (No. 71) for a “writing machine or mechan- a chirographer”’—a _ highly ingenious apparatus which literally wrote the characters by longhand with a pen! The general construction — of Thurber’s writing machine is fascinating. For the production of each char- acter the pen was actuated by a separate pair of cams, which traced the script letter by a combination of vertical and horizontal movements. The operat- ing keys for this imposing mechanism were arranged “as in a pianoforte.” Here the reader uncon- sciously draws upon his hindsight and = chuckles, wondering how anyone could) have devised an elaborate contrivance to write out a letter which could be printed instan taneously simply by press- ing a But great inventors have done things which, in the light of sub- sequent developments, seem even more ridiculous. In his youth Alexander Graham Bell built a talk- ing machine with rubber vocal cords, a movable mouth, and a bellows for direct- ing air impulses against the cords. Re- calling this years later, Bell explained that by forcing air through the device with one hand while manipulating the mouth with the other, he finally managed to elicit an articulate “Mama!” to his great edification. ke Vy . ples. CORES of other inventions register the tendency of man to copy the things he knows. The primitive catapult which hurled stones too heavy for the arm of man, the early washing machine which simply rubbed the clothes back and forth on a washboard, the propulsion of steam- ships by mechanical oars after the fashion of the ancient galley, and the mechanical diggers for spading up the farmer’s field, re shining examples. But mechanics and anatomy have little “hand knotter”’ ties knots more quickly than human hands, recognized mechanical princi- The strings are caught by parts O and I, and the knot tied by pressing This ingenious by employing POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Fingers and thumb of the human hand were closely followed in this mechanical hand, patented as late as 1906 and intended for milking cows. Later a milking machine that dairymen used more generally bore not the slightest resemblance to the human hand in common. An inventor may obtain valuable points from a study of the animate things he seeks to supplant; but the commercially successful machine almost invariably effects the result in a wholly different way from the living model, and in accordance with approved mechanical principles. The linotype machine is a conspicuous example. In 1895 a typesetting machine was introduced. It required 163 sheets of patent drawings to portray the invention. At an expense of several million dollars, two of the machines were constructed. Mark Twain is said to have invested his entire fortune of $400,000 in the enter- prise. ACH machine’ was about eleven feet long and weighed two and half tons. In operation, it set up ordinary pieces of type from a magazine, after the fashion of a com- positor at his case; and it also distributed the char- acters to the magazine after use. Hardly had the machines been installed, however, when Mergen- thaler brought forth his linotype. Almost over- night the original enter- prise collapsed in favor of the simpler and more practical machine which composed and cast solid lines of type. Recently, in a test, two automatic toothbrush making machines operated side by side. In one ma- chine tufts of bris- tles were picked up and transported to the tuft sockets by mechanical fingers; the other employed slides reciprocated by cranks. The latter machine oper- ated at ten times the speed of the former, and with greater precision. Perhaps thesteam shov- el. of all the successful inventions, approaches nearest to animate motion. Controlled by a_ skilled operator, its movements as it advances, recedes, and swings, bear an un- canny likeness to a huge shovel in the hands of giant laborer. But this is not an automatic machine. No mechanism can take the place of the operator, were on a lever drawing. Kz re ‘ion LL, ip x2 f 3 Ce) First typewriter patented in the United States, in 1829, from the original It resembles our present chines with twirling dials March, 1927 whose dexterous hand, its strength aug- mented a thousand times by powerful machinery, actually wields the shovel through a maze of levers and valves. Whoever reads the specifications for some machine that has long since lost its last resemblance to any animate thing must wonder whether he is dealing w ith mechanics or anatomy, so saturated is mechanical terminology with names of parts of the body. Just as the unsounded and functionless letters in certain words point out their origin, so the anatomical terms persisting in a machinery part may reveal its history. In the steam shovel, “handle” lingers as the proper designa- tion for the beam that carries the scoop, while counterparts of the names “‘arm,” “leg,” “‘finger,”’ “knuckle-joint,” and “jaw” may still be recognized in various machines. It was a long time before the *“‘horseless carriage’’ became the auto- mobile. Before the automobile, many inven- tions of mechanical horses were turned out, imitating the movements of the animal to an astounding degree, particu- larly the invention of John Doyle. Doyle, like many others, put the boiler and en- gine in the body of the vehicle itself, anda shaft transmitted power to the driving mechanism within the body of the horse. It seems strange to a modern person that inventors of that day did not apply the power directly to the vehicle’s wheels. It was beyond the imagination of these men to conceive of a car without a horse. What proved to be the basic auto- mobile patent was finally granted to George Selden, of Rochester, N. Y., in 1895, after action on his application had been delayed for seventeen years. Selden’s ‘road locomotive” waS propelled, not by steam, but by “a liquid-hydrocarbon en- gine of the compression type’’—in short, a gasoline engine. F ONE unfamiliar with recent auto- mobile history were asked to decide whether Doyle’s mechanical horse-drawi vehicle or Selden’s horseless carriage pos sessed the greater possibilities, it is almost certain that he would choose the finished construction of Doyle in preference to the crude Selden machine. For Doyles 7 ‘power horse”’ is about as nearly mechat- ically perfect as such a construc ‘tion can be, while the crudity of Selden’ structure can be fully appre: ciated by comparison with the present automobile. Incredible as it may see!, for years after the intro: duction of Selden’s road engine, inventors kept I verting to the old hor design. One followed Doyles idea. by having the hore mounted on wheels in fronto the carriage. Within the body was a gasoline engine that drove the horse’s wheels, and it was controlled by reins! In 1904 an automobile carty- ing a dummy horse attached § in front was made, with the} idea that it would not sca horses. Also its glass ey@9 lighted the road by an 9 lamp concealed in the hollo¥ | sar. ae head, and the body serv as a receptacle for tools.

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927 arch, 1927 ug- ful vel for its ing vith 1 is : of ded rds ‘ical may vel, yna- OOP, m,” and “10us » the Juto- Ven- rned the ticu- oyle, d en- anda iving 1orse, . that y the ls. It > mel Sc. auto- ed to Y., in n had ‘Iden’s rot by on el- short, aulo- decide -drawn re pos almost inished to the Doyle's vechal can be, selden’s appre: vith the v seell, ~ jntro- S road ept rr 1 horse Doyles e hore frontol he bod! ine that pels, and Vv reins le carry attache W ith the 4 rot scare | ass eyS§ v an e hollow : y serv! ools. of a : How Sctence Converts DScrap into Wallboard, Chairs, Silk Neckttes, Sand Countless Other 8 Things for Our Use By OrvitLE H. KNEEN ODAY, despite all metallic competitors, the wood used annually by the United States alone, if nailed together, would make an Atlantic City boardwalk reach- fing from the earth to the moon! In lumberman’s language, that would total fifty-three billion board feet (square feet one inch thick). And this does not in- clude wood fuel, which is fully as great in volume, making in round numbers a hundred million cords every year con- verted into gases and heat. leaped up in a gigantic pile, the wood = we burn every year would represent a pyramid a half mile high and three quar- Bters of a mile square at the base—a © greater pile than all the automobiles ever ) manufactured would make! This being an age of waste: reduction on an ambitious scale, I set out to see What efforts are being made to convert fuel wood into more permanent forms for the needs of man. First I went to the woodworking shops - large shops and small, filled with buzzing machines whirring at incredible Ispeed. In one of them I watched a surfacing machine operate before its blow- cr system was installed; in a few hours the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY é heating the W orld’s W oodpile 35 pee “gee i Above, logs piled on an ice-covered river in British Columbia, wait- ing to be floated down to the mill A gigantic board- walk from earth to moon could be built of the wood used in one year in the United States! Yet this re- presents only about 25 per cent of the wood actually cut operator was completely buried in chips. Think of all the lathes, planers, shapers, band saws and other machines in the same shop, and then of the 25,000 or more woodworking plants, from lumber and planing mills to box plants, sash and door mills, furniture plants and other shops which shape wood, and you have some idea of the enormous quantity of wood waste the nation produces. Great bins are filled daily, from hoppers, chutes, carts and conveyors; often piles accumulate outside, and the sign “Free Wood” is a common sight on factories as well as buildings under construction. It has been said that as much wood is burned in this country as is used for all other purposes combined. [ soon found that a new conception of waste is permeating industry; the waste of production is being looked upon as merely “‘raw material in the wrong place.”’ As the manager of a paper con- verting company in Los Angeles told me, there is a market somewhere for virtually everything in the waste pile. Waste for one factory may be the indispensable raw

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36 material for another. An example of this I found in an enterprising California con- cern which has perfected a ‘machine with brains.”” This machine takes mill ends and odd pieces, converting them into box boards and even portable houses. Two of the machines in tandem are said to have produced 20,000 box ends a day. which would box many an orange and make a deep hole in many a scrap pile! EXT I went to the mills themselves, and found that a number in differ- ent localities are busily working up their own odds and ends to the order of furniture factories and automobile mak- ers. The “cut and trim” shops work up knotty and partly defective pieces and turn out finished parts on a large scale. California scores again in this line, for several mills there are converting red- wood, sugar pine and white pine waste into such finished articles as sash and doors, and even coffins. In one mill, at Chico, the waste trimmings around knots and defective places are made up into matches. Probably the waste from those matches goes into toothpicks, and so on, ad infinitum, down to wooden oats and the little slivers we see in “oatmeal” wall papers! By that time, if the process is carried out, the waste par- ticles are quite small enough for wood pulp. This sequence is by no means as fanciful as it sounds. Within a few years there may be expected a grouping of lumbering and woodworking plants, con- trolled by chemists and experts, which will scientifically reduce a tree to its use- ful parts. Such a plant might take a Douglas Fir, for example, and utilize its trunk for lumber for a couple of houses; the bark for wallboard or filler for paper; the trimmings for lath and “‘hogged fuel’ for power; and charcoal for stock feed and other uses. From the branches, top and stump resin, turpentine and other chemicals would be _ extractible, leaving more charcoal. Larger pieces of wood could be ground up for wood pulp, for wrapping paper and newsprint. The liquor from the pulp mill might be used as a binder for the sawdust, thereby converting the last left-over into a fuel! HUS in one plant the upturned tree might be utilized from root to bark. Today it is good logging and milling when forty per- cent of the tree as it stands is converted into usable lumber. About thirty-three percent is the average. At least one quarter of the lumber is lost in making the finished article, so the useful material averages about twenty-five per- cent of the tree. Thus we have a long way to go in reducing the seventy-five percent of waste. A mill in Northern Minnesota became almost bankrupt as the commercial tim- ber grew scarce. Yet great piles of short lengths accumulated, for which no market could be found. One day the hookkeeper had an idea, and he told the directors. In desperation, they accepted his plan, and today the bookkeeper is POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 1927 head of a thriving box factory, with plenty of material in sight and with a good demand for the output among fruit and other box-using in- dustries. F COURSE, even the box maker has his scrap and his disposal problem. It will snow him under, unless it is someone’s business to use it. A good example of this occurred in the state of Washington. Two box plants doing ¢ good business began to be worried with their great piles of scrap, kiln-dried ends of spruce and trim- mings of all kinds. City markets were too far, and the small-town kind- ling boxes were all full. One day a paper man came along, with a knowledge of eastern de- mand, and raised enough money to build a pulp mill on the site of the great scrap piles. Today carloads of dried pulp depart regularly for the great Eastern mills, there to be made up into high- grade papers. ““Chewed-up wood,” as pulp may be termed, is one of the final uses for wood. I wanted to find out the uses for cellulose as nature made it, now converted into chunks of various sizes and shapes. So I went to the Ford Motor Company, where I found some- thing like the Jast word in wood utiliza- tion. Here, where metal reigns almost supreme, the various plants use daily the equivalent of sixty miles of boards a foot wide by one inch thick, purchased in planks one to three inches thick. But the layout man gets no nice, straight, hard- — One of the huge burners with which Western lumber mill destroy their wood waste, though in many instances such scrap is now being utilized 8 raw material for charcoal of distilling chemicals. (Left Logging Douglas Fir in the ric forest lands of Washingtoa wood plank. He gets th slab just as it was slice from the tree—bark, knots curvesandall. He is trained § to stretch those slabs to th last eighth inch, and he lays each one ot! for the greatest possible number of odé shaped pieces which can be worked inte the slab, much as the leather cutte works into the flanks of his hide. He works around the knots, curves a! bad places, and from his slabs he gets # average of sixty percent of total footas actually turned into parts. Odd-shape! scraps that cannot be used up for bods parts are converted eventually into sm handles, spools and other salable article Each foreman is held personally resp sible for his scrap pile. There is som waste, of course, which cannot be us for any articles. This is used for power. Each yearthis (Continued on page [-

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» 1927 March, 1927 ¢ll Soon S POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Distant squares. A speeding set of whirling mirrors or lenses, such as Dr. Alex- anderson has invented, successively picks up the light from each square, and through an electrical cell sensitive to light re- lays a radio “message” whether each spot is light or dark. At the re- ceiving station a radio apparatus picks up the messages and controls a light bulb, making it glow when the radio says ners with ber mils i waste, nces such itilized a arcoal of (Left in the rich ashingto sets the i : s_ sliced * knots. s trained ys to the one oll! of odd- ked into cutter rves and » gets all | footage 4-shapel for bod! ito smal , articles , respol is some be us powel. | page Io~ ITTING in an easy chair at home some day soon, you may watch with your own eyes an exploring party break its way through a jungle thousands of miles away—or wit- ness a revolution in some remote republic or glimpse the face of a friend in Lon- don or Paris! For these marvels of tele- vision -which is “‘seeing at a distance” scem at last on the point of realization. When Dr. E. F. W. Alexanderson, in © the General Electrie Company’s labora- Be tory at Schenectady, N. Y., threw a switch the other day that set whirring a huge drum edged with flashing mirrors, seven dancing points of light on a silver screen bore witness that he had swept away one of the few remaining obstacles to wireless sight. Here was the climax to achievements of scientists the world over, in England, France, Germany and America, bending their wizardry to the batling problem of television. radio motion pictures, scientists ae a method somewhat as follows: ith On a square sereen. Divide the thousands of little Change the lightness and darkness of screen into squares, each of those squares radio waves and send them Whizzin = "zziue through the ether to the ; a iy station. Then transform in a ® waves back into dots of Why and assemble them on another tern erage. the original pat. the ce {ue receiver you will see person moving before the trans- mitter, miles away. Z SCTree) Ps Ks +g wy QO : one actually separates the scTee o ne *en into those thousands of little The television projector, with which Dr. E. F. W. Alexanderson, famous engineer, offers us the startling possibility of seeing distan scenes flashed simultaneously, in motion, on a screen before our eyes. Dr. Alexanderson is shown pointing to the cluster of seven lights reflected from a mirror, which form the key to his invention In the actual production of practical now believe that the perfected system must a lens such as that in a camera, throw an image of a moving person, say, “light” and extinguish- ing it when the message comes “dark.” From this bulb, beams of light carom off a_ revolving mirror, like that at the transmitting station, to dash back and forth over the screen, blinking as they go, and weave a pattern of light so rapidly that the eve sees it as a duplicate of the image on the transmitting screen. ITH different, slower apparatus this method transmits still pictures by radio today. Using selenium and other sensitive cells, it has long been known, light may be turned into radio waves. Thus Dr. Alexanderson himself has trans- mitted a moving picture film, one picture at a time, in a few minutes. But that is far from a machine that will show you what is happening at a distant point, as it happens. A motion picture is produced by flash- ing on a screen in succession sixteen pic- tures a second, to give the illusion of a nonflickering picture actually in motion. Imagine the speed that must be attained to transmit by radio the hundreds of This French invention would make it possible to see the person you’re telephoning to! coated glass placed under the rays of a cathode tube. Magnets swing the beam in step with the transmitter The receiving screen is a By Aupen P. ARMAGNAC 37 EE by Radio, Too! § Amazing Projector to Paint Scenes on Screen thousands of dots needed to make sixteen pictures a second! It is in this speeding-up process that Dr. Alexanderson’s projector makes such remarkable progress. By multiplying the number of points of light to seven and then using a revolving drum with mirrors, ‘ach a little more tilted than the last, to sweep the light in parallel streaks across the screen and cover its entire area in an incredibly short time, he has indicated how it is possible to produce the 300,000 dots a second that will be needed to pro- duce a continuous motion picture. All that remains is to obtain a radio wave that will transmit this staggering number of impulses each second — a DRO GS LAM AK OE SH oH awe 3 ag fect Sire Sy Radio photograph of a newspaper clipping, showing the quality of photography which it is hoped to get in motion picture transmission twelve-meter, twenty-five million cycle wave, which is not impossible, will serve the purpose, says Dr. Alexanderson—and the problem of television will be solved. Without the benefit of any such high speed precision devices as Dr. Alexanderson’s, hampered almost hopelessly by lack of funds, John L. Baird in London, England, has come close to practical television by meth- ods all his own; and strange humming noises tell neighboring radio fans that moving pictures are speeding through the ether. For with sugar boxes as framework, and with an optical sys- tem of lenses from bicycle headlamps, Baird is said to have succeeded in send- ing by radio crude moving pictures of the animated dolls that he uses to test his apparatus. With only a few hun- dred, instead of many thousand, light dots on his screen, he has managed, it is reported, to make visible miles away the moving lips of a man talking and the smoke curling from bis cigarette.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 1927 uests “Shadow boxing” over water is the newest form of practice by the British air force to improve the machine-gunnery of its pilots. Ordi- narily fixed ground targets are used, but to give the pilots the advantage of moving targets, on sunny days these fast little fighters go aloft over water and shoot at each others’ shadows, clearly seen on the surface Above the clouds on the crest of the Alps, astronomers at the Mont Blanc Observatory receive their food sup- plies from airplanes that fly overhead and drop the rations by means of parachutes. After the crate of supplies, visible in the picture as a black dot, has swayed giddily to earth, someone is despatched to res- cue it. Isolated tourist huts in the Alps are also being provisioned in this way now, food heretofore having had to be hauled up the steep siopes of the mountains Army air pilot candidates must pass grueling tests for balance and recovery frou dizziness in the remarkable bathtub machine above. Whirled about in every di- rection to imitate the buck- ing, rolling and falling of a plane, under the control of the officer at the right, they must then climb out and manifest no signs of dizziness at the end of a given time. Note, in the picture, how the unique pivoting arrange- ment can give three different motions simultaneously Novel rotating platforms that enable an airplane to “‘take-off’’ from the decks of a battle cruiser after a run of only a few feet give aerial eyes to England’s latest warships, the Enterprise and the Emerald. The rotating and tilting features of the platform make it possible for the pilot to take advantage of the prevail- ing wind when flying off. Pivoted on a conical base, the forty-foot platforms are swung to point directly into the wind, which is augmented by the speed of the ship. In the face of this blast of air, the plane need run only a short distance to reach its flying speed, as the wind’s velocity is added to its own. Its motor is started, its restraining cable jerked away, and like a shot from a gun, as shown above, the flying boat soars aloft

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March, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY the World Over For the first time in history two fighting planes were launched in mid-air recently from a dirigible, at Taken from a sixth plane, this re- Pulham, England. From a trap door markable photograph shows five in the R-33’s gas bag, an army U. S. naval machines flying in officer dropped into the cockpit of close formation over San Diego, one of the planes swung beneath, California, Traveling exactly at % and released the moorings. For one the same speed and perfectly . ‘ breathless second the plane stood on spaced, they made an unusually es end, then swooped off in flight. fine picture. If you look at the A moment later the other followed. illustration with one eye closed, Above is how they were attached you will note the “aerial perspec- tive’’ that shows up the planes in relief against the earth far below Heedless of the tragic fate that over- took his brother in 1896 in developing a birdlike plane, a 77-year-old aviation engineer of Berlin, Lilienthal, has nearly completed a new motorless gliding plane of similar design. It measures forty-five feet from wing tip to wing tip, and weighs 1,000 pounds. Lilienthal is seen in the cockpit of his queer-looking plane At T\) e\ Snanich ©panish aviators hope to make a ne . record for long-distance flying with a huge all-metal biplane the tTamework of which has just been | : re e t at Madrid. The illus- ; a Shows with exceptional he details of this modern onstruction, with its trim frame and cross mem- rise planting the bulkiness of w Coden supports and braces. De- é we Primarily for military re- ee the bomber has an - ~ "amera and a formidable ma- 8un attached to the fuselage comple+ mple “iearness t a bers suy con

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40 How Much Shall I Pay’ OW much can I buy a radio set for? What will a complete out- fit cost me? What's the differ- ence between an expensive radio set and a cheap one? How much does it cost to run a radio receiver?” Questions like these are received by PopuLaR ScrENCE MonrTutiy in a con- stant stream. It isn’t easy to answer them because no two people have exactly the same requirements. And the subject is complicated still further by the wide differences in local conditions under which a radio receiver is called upon to give satisfactory service. You can, however, easily figure out the minimum price at which you can get a complete radio outfit capable of ade- quate loudspeaker operation. Similarly, it is easy to compute the price and oper- ating expense for various more preten- tious radio receivers and the equipment that should be used with them for best average results. You can solve your individual problems by making due allowances, one way or the other, from these average figures. Taking the list of radio apparatus ap- proved by the Popular Science Institute of Standards as a guide, we find that a complete radio outfit, including loud- speaker and all necessary accessories, can be bought for as little as $61. This amount will buy a small four-tube set, four vacuum tubes of the dry cell type, three dry cells to be connected in series to act as an A-battery, two 45-volt dry cell B-batteries of the light medium weight type, a small horn loudspeaker, and antenna equipment. As far as first cost is concerned, this is the low limit. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 1927 A complete outfit can be had for from $61 up, but upkeep must be considered--W hy good equipment is cheapest in end Entertainment is what you are pay- ing for when you buy a radio outfit, and the amount of pleasure you will de- rive from the equip- ment depends on the quality of the ap- paratus you get. Re- member that the up- keep cost of the more costly set is not very muchhigherthanthat of a low-priced set Figuring the annual upkeep cost of such a set also is simple if you take average figures for the life of the various items that wear out or are used up. In checking up the annual cost of any piece of machinery, such as for example, an automobile, the depreciation of the machine itself is important. You can arrive at the amount of depreciation by estimating the resale value of the car at the end of each year, or you can spread the original cost over the vears that the machine lasts before wearing out. Neither of these systems properly ap- plies to radio receivers. Nobody can estimate the second-hand value of a radio set in the vears to come, and radio sets do not wear out in the sense that automobiles do. Of course in time it may become obsolete in both appearance and electrical design, just as does everything else built by human hands; but a radio Read the Important EDITORIAL ANNOUNCEMENT on Page 2 of This Issue bought today will be giving just as good results ten years from now, barring accidents. Leaving out depreciation of the radio receiver, then, the low-priced set first mentioned will cost vou approximately $33 a vear to run, if you use it an average of two hours a day. This amount pays for eight new sets of dry cells for the A-battery and two sets of B-batteries; and it takes into consideration the fact that vacuum tubes last, on the average, about 1,000 hours. HE annual expense for operating a set of this type can be reduced to $22.75 if you are willing to increase the original cost to $80.50, the extra money being invested in larger and more eco- nomical B-batteries, a small four-volt storage battery and a trickle charger. The next step up in the scale of quality would be a five-tube radio receiver de- signed for use with storage battery tubes. Figuring on the same basis as before, the cheapest approved outfit you can buy comes to $95.30. Judged on the basis of distance, selectivity and tone quality, this set would be a little better than the dry battery outfit mentioned above, and the volume would be greater. Its up- keep would cost about $30.50 a year. From this point on, an increase in the first cost of your outfit results in a corre- sponding improvement in tone quality, workmanship, operating characteristics and the appearance of the receiver. All of these are gained at slight increase in annual upkeep cost as long as you col- fine yourself to a five-tube set. Fg E, for instance, that vou spend $125 for the receiver and equip tt with suitable accessories, including 4 cone type loudspeaker. The cost will then run to a little more than $200 and the upkeep cost will be about $41.20 a vear. The increase over the cheapest five-tube storage battery outfit is caused by the extra B-batteries required and the power tube. Spending $150 to $200 on the radio receiver alone and buying a thirty-five: dollar loudspeaker would not increase the annual upkeep by so much as one penny, while the quality of your reception woul be much improved. Annual upkeep costs on radio outfits of all grades can be reduced materially by increasing the original investment to include a B-battery eliminator in place ag

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end > it y a will and 0 a yest a and adio five- > the nny, ould itfits ‘ially nt to place March, 1927 Suppose, for would have to spend to keep in operation the cheapest set you could buy! In all these estimates of the annual cost of operation, an average use of two hours a day has been assumed. The cost would, of course, be greater if the set is used more hours a day and less if you run it only one hour, for instance. The cost is, however. not in direct proportion to the number of hours the set is used. HE depreciation that must be | charged off each year to allow for replacing the storage battery is almost constant regardless of the number of hours of use, although if a set were used an average of ten hours a day, the battery would be worked so hard that it would probably give out before the four years were up. Of course the B-batteries last longer if they are used less. but all types of dry cell batteries have what is known as a fairly definite ‘shelf life.” Ina other words, they depreciate at a certain rate even when they are not used at all. You might find, there- fore, that cutting down the use of your set to an hour a day might re- duce your B-battery expense only hy a quarter or a third. An analysis of the relative operating cost of the various radio outfits men- tioned above brings out some interest- ing facts. There are just three items on the operating cost list for the sixty-one- dollar outfit. The tubes depreciate at the rate of about $6 a year, the dry cell A-batteries will run to $12, and replace- ments on the light medium weight B- batteries total up to $15. When you substitute a four-volt stor- age battery and a trickle charger for the dry cell A-batteries, you eliminate the replacement cost of the dry cell batteries and charge up depreciation on the storage battery plus expense lor the current used by the trickle charger to keep the battery charged. About $1.75 covers the yearly Wear on the battery, and the current cost will prob- ably amount to around $4. Dry cell type tubes take little current, and the charger will have to be run only part of the time to keep the battery charged ; (> l'HE two-hundred- dollar outfit the an- nual expense cost is made Up of the following items: tube Wear, $9; A-batterv depreciation, $2.50; B- POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY battery replacement, $16.50; C-batteries, $1.20; current for trickle charger, $12. When you substitute a B-battery elim- inator you cut out the B-battery replace- ment charge of $16.50 and substitute $6 to cover the cost of the current used to operate the B-eliminator. While these costs loom large when you total them up on a yearly basis, they are almost insignificant when you compute them on an hourly basis and consider what you actually get for your money and compare the cost with almost any other form of entertainment. On the basis of these figures you can enjoy a solid hour of music from some of our finest concert and dance orchestras To Help You Choose END for the list of. radio receivers and accessories ap- proved by the Popular Science Institute of Standards and use it as your purchasing guide. It will help you choose the apparatus best suited to your needs. Ad- dress: Radio Editor, POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, 250 Fourth Ave., New York City. at a cost of from three to five cents! Con- trast that with the cost of two hours at the local movie show or any other kind of entertainment for which admission is charged and you will have a fair idea of the small cost of radio entertainment. It is possible, of course, to vary the type of equipment you buy for your set within very wide limits. However, the purchase of an expensive loudspeaker for use with a low-priced set would be a waste of money in most cases, because the set would not allow you to get The engineers of Popular Science Institute of Standards have worked out a re- markable new way of testing radio receivers for tone quality. Nothing is left to guesswork; all measurements are taken directly from meters. Part of the apparatus used in the test is shown in the above illustration. in Popucar Science MonTHty will describe the amazing results of these tests In the near future an article 41 for a Radio Set >” Alfred P. Lane of the dry cell type B-batteries. High- vrade B-eliminators are in a class with radio sets for durability. instance, that you increase the cost of the two-hundred-dollar outfit to about $225 and buy a good B-eliminator. Your upkeep cost would drop to around $30 a year, or only a few dollars more than you full quality results from the speaker. Similarly, it would be poor economy to buy a small, low-priced loudspeaker to go with a high-priced set—the speaker would severely handicap the quality possibilities of the set. ECAUSE it does not wear out and have to be replaced, the receiver it- self may be considered a permanent part of the installation. The same may be said of the loudspeaker if it is not abused. Tubes and batteries, on the other hand, wear out, and just as fast in a lower- priced set as in a more expensive one. Dry cell B-batteries have a useful life that can be estimated with fair accuracy. Vacuum tubes are not so uniform. Like ordinary electric light bulbs, they may last for thousands of hours if you happen to be lucky, or they may burn out or go dead in a few hundred hours. One thousand hours is a fair average. Storage batteries have a reasonably well-defined life period. If cared for properly, any good storage battery, regardless of its size, will give faithful service for four or five years; occasionally a battery will last even longer than that. In all of the above estimates of annual cost, the life of the storage battery has been figured at four years. Studying the annual upkeep figures for various grades of receivers brings out one point quite clearly, which is this: The tubes that vou wear out and the batteries that you use up, plus the electric light current required to keep your battery charged, cost equally as much whether the receiver which vou have is a low- priced or a more expensive one. T IS interesting, therefore, to consider the relation between the cost of the bare receiver and the accessories that you are compelled to buy in order to put it into service. In buying a low-priced set, vou are spending a large proportion of your total outlay on equipment. In the case of the first two low-priced outfits mentioned, the price of the set amounted to approximately thirty-five percent of the total, whereas sixty percent of the total went into the receiver in the two- hundred-dollar outfit. It would seem to be the wise course, therefore, to stretch the pocketbook a bit and spend the extra money on the set and the loud- speaker, since these two items are responsible for the quality of the results you obtain. You will have to be the judge of what kind of an outfit will prove satisfac- tory. All that the Popular Science Institute of Stand- ards can do is to make sure that you will get good value for your money if you buy according to the approved list.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 1927 Hints for Radio Beginners If Your Radio ‘Lubes Howl— Damper Caps Are Effective Remedies—Other Useful Ideas HE more tubes there are in a radio set, the greater the chance for trouble due to various kinds of howls and squeals. Most irri- tating of these is the moaning howl caused when air vibrations from the loudspeaker strike back at the tubes in the radio set. ‘The glass tube is set into vibration in time with the air waves, and the trembling of the tube shakes the elements inside the tube. As a result, electrical vibrations are set up to reinforce the original squeal until it becomes a terrific howl. Anything that will act as a damper and prevent the glass of tlre tube from taking up such vibrations will cure this howl. A lead cap resting on top of the tube will stop the vibrations. If you haven't facili- ties to mold lead caps to fit the tops of your tubes, the same result can be at- tained by cutting a cross out of heavy sheet Jead and bending the ends of the cross down around the sides of the tube. Use Care in Sawing Panels N YOUR radio experimenting, you probably often have occasion to use a piece of bakelite or hard rubber of smaller size than standard. Odd shaped pieces can be cut from an old panel by the use of an ordinary hack saw, as panel material is relatively easy to cut. Clamp the panel in the bench vise with several layers of paper on each side to prevent scratches, and work the saw back and forth, using care to avoid biting in too deeply. It is easy to cut straight through a seven-inch panel even if the hack saw has only a three-inch clearance between the blade and the frame. Start the cut as shown in the illustration below and gradually swing the handle of the saw downward until the end of the cut is taken with the saw almost parallel to the panel. The Correct Charging Rate V ITH the increasing popularity of trickle chargers for charging radio storage A-batteries has come the question: What would happen to the battery if, for instance, the receiver is not used for sev- eral days and the trickle charger is left operating at the usual half ampere rate? No harm will be done to the battery under such conditions. A storage battery of not less than thirty ampere hour capac- ity can be charged continuously at a half ampere rate without damage to the bat- tery even if the charge is kept up for long periods after the battery has attained a state of full charge. The extra current slowly decomposes the water in the bat- tery solution. In fact, the only harm that can be done to any battery by excessive charging is to heat it up and dislodge the active material from the plates through exces- Lead caps will kill vibration in the glass of your vacuum tubes and stop them from howling A B C’s of Radio ANY readers seem to feel that the new power tubes give more volume without distortion on all signals, both weak and strong. This is not true for weak signals. In fact,on extremely weak signalsfrom distant stations, the ordinary 201A type tube will give a trifle louder results than the 171 power tube. But the minute you begin to bring in signals with any degree of vol- ume, the advantage of the power tube shows up at once. As the strength of the incoming signal is increased, a point is soon reached where the ordinary 201A is over- loaded and distorts badly. For maximum results with any type of power tube, always operate it at the highest B and C voltages recommended by the manufac- turer. The 171 tube will give you the most volume with the least dis- tortion on loud signals, but the 112 tube will be better on weak signals because it amplifies a bit more, although it will not handle as much volume as the 171 tube. A seven-inch panel can be cut straight through with an ordinary hack saw by sawing on an angle so that the blade is nearly parallel to the panel sive gassing. However, these deleterious effects are produced only when the charg- ing rate is relatively high; a prolonged charge at a five to ten ampere rate sent through an eighty ampere hour battery would eventually cause trouble. On the other hand, thousands of radio batteries suffer from premature old age because they are not charged often enough and long enough. All storage batteries end up in the scrap pile at the end of five or six years at the most, but constant undercharging will turn them into junk in a year or two. The safest policy, therefore, is to keep your battery filled with distilled water at all times and give it more charging than it actually needs. Connect the Radio Set First ABLED connections for the radio bat- tery leads are excellent. In fact, a number of factory built sets are regularly equipped with them. If, however, you have a set that is fitted with binding posts and you want to use a battery cable, be sure to connect the wires to the binding posts of the set before you connect the other end of the cable to the batteries. By doing the job in this way, you will avoid a chance of a short circuit that may burn up the wires or discharge the B-battery. In fact, it is best to connect the battery last and disconnect it first no matter what kind of wire you use. ‘‘What Size Wire Shall I Use?” N WINDING radio coils, the radio beginner often is puzzled as to how to proceed if he doesn’t happen to have wire of exactly the specified size on hand with which to wind the tuning units. There is no magic in wire sizes within rather wide limits. If the specifications for a given coil call for No. 22 double silk covered wire and you haven't that size on hand, use the nearest size to it. Of course, if you use different wire you will have to change the number of turns to get exactly the same results. Suppose No. 22 double silk covered wire is specified. If you use cotton covered wire of the same size, 4 few more turns will be required to get the same results. If it is single silk covered wire, less wire will be needed because of the closer spacing of the turns. Larger wire requires more turns and smaller wire fewer turns. The diameter of a coil also can be changed if you find it necessary. Reduc- ing the diameter will require more turns of wire and increasing it will allow you te cut down the number of turns. Bearing these facts in mind will help you to adjust your coils to the required wave length. The lower the wave lengths you desire to cover the fewer turns of wire needed. ee ee sscitatsa NS 6 ae tS tee Bs beds.

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dio to ire ith p 1S ide ven red nd, , if . to tly ible use 2, 3 the red e of rger ire he Juc- urns u to ring just gth. ‘e to March, 1927 HAT one man’s meat is another man’s poison is more than a proverb. It’s an age-old mystery to which medical science is only just finding the key. This mystery involves the eerie world of idiosyncrasies, in which persons grow violently ill at the passing of a horse, or, as in the case of the late Lord Roberts, become intensely disturbed at the pres- ence of a cat. It is a world in which persons feel positive discomforts at the sight of certain colors or the subtle diffusion of curious smells. Who of us does not know someone who cannot eat eggs, or crabs, or oysters, lobsters, almonds, onions, tomatoes, cucumbers, strawberries, fish, honey, or milk, without becoming instantly ill? Every doctor knows of patients who have an unconquerable aversion to certain drugs or chemicals, such as quinine, morphine, potassium iodide. Others cannot breathe wood dust, or pollen from certain flowers and grasses. Recent investigations have given us a hew insight into these peculiar reactions, and scientists have succeeded in making sufferers temporarily immune te some of them, besides conceiving an amazing theory to account for the phenomena. lhe theory is as follows: ee specks of chemical dynamite 4 called “antibodies” are present in the bodies of many people, particularly Hlervous persons. There are different kinds of antibodies, and each has its specific antigen.” or poison. Fish may be an antigen for one kind of ant ibody; the smell ss horses for another. Whatever the vase, When the antigen is introduced me the body it behaves like a fuse cap Je the dynamitelike chemicals in aitibody —and the unfortunate per- son Whose stomach is being made into a chemical laboratory suffers acutely. we “da, time scientists imagined that the duals who were susceptible to cer- POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY SUA tag The thought of peaches makes some otherwise perfectly normal people behave quite strangely! Why Some of Us Can't Stand Cats Your Pet Aversions Explained by Recent Discoveries By Perur ViscHer tain foods were, perhaps, naturally weak, and the foods poisoned them in some simple, direct way. Then a case occurred that completely upset their beliefs and indicated that one man’s pet aversions could be transferred to another. A cab driver was injured in an accident. and a blood transfusion was necessary to save his life. When he left the hospital and climbed into his old seat on the cab, he discovered to his chagrin that though he had spent all his life driv- ing horses, he could no longer endure being near one. rhe doctors discovered that the person who gave the blood The man whose blown up bya perfectly innocent lobster. New discoveries hold hope that some day he may eat all the lobster he wants necessary to save the cabman’s life had a profound aversion to horses. The obvious conclusion was, the idiosyncrasy had been transferred in the transfusion. Then, after three months, the hackman’s acquired idiosyncrasy disappeared. But where did the peculiar antibodies come from, the doctors wanted to know next? Were they hereditary? Was a man made ill by eating strawberries because his father was? Two French investigators, Widal of the University of Paris and Besredka of the Pasteur Institute, at once commenced a series of experiments on guinea pigs, rabbits‘and dogs, injecting irritating sub- stances from other animals, to see if they could produce antibodies artificially. Success rewarded them. Inoculated with the serum, the animals became abnormal- lv sensitive, their skin itched and their hair stood erect, while several died from suffocation. Examination showed that death was caused by a violent tightening of the breathing tubes, which prevented the air in the lungs from being exhaled. Striking conclusions were drawn from these tests. Now, scientists said, the existence of antibodies had been demonstrated; each idiosyncrasy has been proved to have its own antibody; and the anti- bodies themselves had been discovered to have their place of birth in cer- tain cells of the connective tissues of the body. HIS was accepted as the explanation of all our idiosyncrasies, wheth- er it be crabs or quinine, honey or sawdust that makes our tongue and throat swell or interferes with our breathing. Oddly enough, these symptoms are strikingly similar, no matter what the particular idiosyncrasy may be. This strongly favors the belief that the antibodies are responsible. It is their explosive reaction with their anti- gens, not either substance by itself, that gives you headache or nausea. If asthma or hay fever troubles you, it is probably due to a sensitiveness to cer- tain dusts that cause the birth of anti- bodies; and in some instances the specific “dust antigen” has been tracked to its lair and caught (Continued on page 158) insides are

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 1927 ‘Thirteen Years Ojid—a F I had my life to live over again from the age of thir- teen onward, I think I'd rather be in the boots of young David Putnam than those of any other boy in the world. David isn’t the son of a mil- Jionaire, and he hasn't any unique talents. He is just about like any other awkward, happy, healthy, growing boy in his *teens. But one grand and glori- ous thing has entered David’s life. This thing is David’s love and understanding of the world about him—coupled with ex- traordinary opportunities to exercise this love. Very likely you have heard of this boy, the son of a New York publisher. Only thirteen years old, he has visited more unusual corners of the earth and has had more strange experiences than fall to the lot of most of us ina lifetime. He has cruised the South Seas and has stepped upon the shores of desolate islands, once the haunts of pirates, inhabited by huge reptiles. He has sailed among towering icebergs of the Polar Sea. He has hunted polar bears, made friends with Eski- mos, and watched the narwhal, walrus and seal in their native haunts. He has experienced the thrill of seeing a big volcano break into eruption. His whole young life has been crowded with these and other adventures, equally fascinating. \ HEN William Beebe, the explorer- scientist of the New York Zoological Society, sailed on his famous voyage of dis- covery to the desolate Galapagos Islands off the coast of Ecuador, South America, young David was one of the party aboard the exploring ship Arcturus. Again, when the schooner Morrissey of the American Museum Greenland Expedition pushed into the frozen North last summer, David went along. And, as if this were [not’ enough for one energetic youngster, David is the author of two w idely sold books, and is better known than any other American boy save, perhaps, Jackie ¢ ‘oogan. What has he gained from it all—in fun and profit? His experiences, which any real might well envy—have they really been worth while? And just what kind of a boy is this? To find the an- swers, I went to see David the other day. I found him in his room—a veritable museum lined with curious trophies of his expeditions. Within its four walls were packed the lure of remote places and the romance of the sea. Even his bed recalled the pitch and roll of the foam- ing waves, for it consisted of a double- decked bunk of the kind found only on boy His World a W onderland VETERAN of scientific expedi- tions in the Tropics and in the Arctic. Explorer of strange corners of the earth. Author of successful books. And yet an average, awk- ward, happy, growing boy of thirteen! That is David Binney Put- nam, about whom Commander Green of the U. S. Navy, himself a noted explorer, has written on these pages. Fitzhugh Green shipboard. As I glanced about the room, 1 saw that everything was being done to stimulate his intense interest in Nature and his love for the out-of-doors. How did it all start, David?” I asked. He grinned a wide, boy-sort of grin and replied: ‘Ever since I can remember, I guess. I was born in Bend, Oregon, in a high country where there used to be volcanos and lots of lava flows. Out there rocks float, real rocks, made up of what is called pumice stone, which is lighter than wood. It was finding out about queer things like The Eskimo children, shown with David Putnam, are chewing walrus windpipe, used by the natives instead of chewing gum. (In oval, above) Young David being taught to eat narwhal skin that, I guess, that got me inter- ested. “It’s a great salmon country, too. Salmon are queer fish. The parents go upstream and lay their eggs and then die. The young fish, after they are born, go out of the stream and disap- pear into the ocean, I think it is for four years; in the fourth year they come back to exactly tlhe same stream where they were born. “QCIENTISTS found that out f by tagging some of the fish. How they find their way back to their native stream after all that time is a mystery. Isn't that pretty interesting?” I agreed that it was. Then I got the lad started on his ex- periences among the pirate is- lands of the tropics. For all his “grown-up” way of talking, he had a freshness of viewpoint and enthusiasm that would make real grown-ups’ talk a lot more interesting. His eyes glistened as he talked. He spoke of sea lions and sharks and whales un- tl I was as thrilled as he. **As a matter of fact, be went on, “in the tropics are plenty of birds that swim as well as fish that fly. There are even some birds that neither swim nor fly. For instance, the flight- less cormorants on the Galapagos have lived for such a long time on an isolated island where they had no enemies and where they didn’t have to fly to get food, that they have lost the use of their wings. “My friend, Mr. Beebe, who invited me on the Arcturus trip, found a whole new series of fish life. Many of the new fish had electric lights. That queer, but it’s true. They have feelers sticking out in front of their heads, with little shining lights on the ends of them. This helps them get around in the dark depths, and it also attracts little crea- tures which the owner of the light then eats up. That is the firefly’s use of his sparkler, too.” sounds I ASKED David what gave him the biggest “kick” on that cruise. “The greatest thing we saw on the Galapagos [s- lands,” he back quickly, “was the out- break of a big volcano. Lava boiled right up out of the crater and fowed down into the sea. It was a wonderful sight, but pretty awful to watch. The hot molten rock slid like a great stream of red came Bee a8 ever teieeag y

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March, Veteran Explorer! POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Curious People, Birds, Fish and Animals Seen by An Amazing Boy molasses candy down the mountain. When it reached the sea, the water boiled and great clouds of steam rose up. The temperature of the water close to shore where we eased in with the Arcturus got as high as one hundred degrees. “ 4 HUGE sea lion boiled ito death under our He got into the hot water, became confused and couldn't find his way out again. The poor thing jumped into the air in agony two or three times before it died.” We chatted about Da- vid's cruise last summer up into the Arctic, where he learned a great many more inter- eves. esting facts most people don’t know. Kor instance, the average person thinks icebergs must be salty. But David reminded me they are not. As a matter of fact, the pools of ice water on the bergs are quite fresh. The expedition vessel went along- side bergs and got fresh water out of the pools for its tanks. The rea- son for this is that bergs break off trom glaciers, and glaciers are made Irom snow, _“ NXnother thing that struck me right off the bat.” my young nat- uralist rattled on, “‘was the pop- ping of the big icebergs, like a re- peating rifle being shot close at hand. I learned from one of our scientists that this was the pressure ol winter shrinkage being released by the warm air of the summer.” “LJ OW did you like the Eskimos, David?’ IT asked. I could tell by the expression that came into ‘ls sunburned face that he liked them, “We saw a good deal of the natives,” he said. ‘The Eskimo eats nothing but meat all his life— what do you know about that? One Ot his favorite dishes is clams out of a Walrus stomach, and he boils up oY walrus whiskers to make a sort we tlacaront, Lnearly got sick when [ saw children eating walrus’ eves as It they were gumdrops, and chew- ug walrus’ windpipe, which makes ae native chewing gum. Say, I Wouldn't have believed it if [hadn't seen It with my own eves!” ‘about Eskimo clothing. at he said, it was clear that He spoke From wh Cleaning the head of an Arctic narwhal, under the direction of Harry Raven, zoologist. This whalelike creature grows twenty feet long and has one huge tusk David Putnam, of Rye, N. Y., who at thirteen has par- ticipated in two scientific expeditions and is the author of two widely sold books. Here he is in his Arctic outfit ee People who don’t notice the birds about them don’t know the fun they’re miss- ing, says David. This pet penguin, one of the strange creatures found on the Arcturus trip, taught him many curious things about flightless birds a native of the North certainly knows how to keep warm. One of them had told the boy that a tired man gets cold easily, and that vou never see a native with his arms stretched out and his legs apart. Such a posture would uncover the big blood vessels. The Eskimo keeps his wrists, knees, and fore- head well covered, keeps his feet dry, and lets his clothing hang loose and the air circulate up his back, thus prevent- ing perspiration from wetting his shirt. 7 HERE weren’t any trees in North Greenland,” observed David. ‘The tree line seems to stop somewhere down in northern Canada. Down at Godhaven on the western coast they told us about orchids which grew under the snow in the coldest weather of the winter. A hot spring bubbles up in the ground and forms an arch of snow over the heads of the flowers. You wouldn't think flowers would bloom almost on the shores of the Polar Sea, would you? But nearly two dozen varieties grow in North Green- land every summer, when the tempera- ture gets above freezing for a few weeks. “Til tell you another funny thing. All my life Ive been hearing a lot about Indians’ finding their way around by instinct. I was talking to Dr. Rasmussen about this.” (Dr. Knud Rasmussen, noted Danish explorer, was one of David's shipmates in the Morrissey.) ‘‘He said he didn’t believe there was any such in- stinct. It is just a case of an Eskimo or Indian, early in his life, getting the habit of noticing things that he passes; a black rock, a break in the hill, a fox hole. With- out realizing it, he puts these things down in his mind. Later, when he comes back, he can pick up the trail he passed over before. He really sees things without seeing them.” From what David told me, I gathered that the habits of (Continued on page 159)

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44 . Thirteen Years Ojd_. His World a Wonderland I had my life to live over again from the age of thir- teen onward, I think I'd rather be in the boots of young David Putnam than those of any other boy in the world. David isn’t the son of a mil- lionaire, and he hasn’t any unique talents. He is just about like any other awkward, happy, healthy, growing boy in his *teens. But one grand and glori- ous thing has entered David’s life. This thing is David’s love and understanding of the world about him—coupled with ex- traordinary opportunities to exercise this love. Very likely you have heard of this boy, the son of a New York publisher. Only thirteen years old, he has visited more unusual corners of the earth and has had more strange experiences than fall to the lot of most of us ina lifetime. He has cruised the South Seas and has stepped upon the shores of desolate islands, once the haunts of pirates, inhabited by huge reptiles. He has sailed among towering icebergs of the Polar Sea. He has hunted polar bears, made friends with Eski- mos, and watched the narwhal, walrus and seal in their native haunts. He has experienced the thrill of seeing a big volcano break into eruption. His whole young life has been crowded with these and other adventures, equally fascinating. HEN William Beebe, the explorer- scientist of the New York Zoological Society, sailed on his famous voyage of dis- covery to the desolate Galapagos Islands off the coast of Ecuador, South America, young David was one of the party aboard the exploring ship Arcturus. Again, when - the schooner Morrissey of the American Museum Greenland Expedition pushed into the frozen North last summer, David went along. And, as if this were |not! enough for one energetic youngster, David is the author of two widely sold books, and is better known than any other American boy save, perhaps, Jackie Coogan. What has he gained from it all—in fun and profit? His experiences, which any real boy might well envy—have they really been worth while? And just what kind of a boy is this? To find the an- swers, I went to see David the other day. I found him in his room—a veritable museum lined with curious trophies of his expeditions. Within its four walls were packed the lure of remote places and the romance of the sea. Even his bed recalled the pitch and roll of the foam- ing waves, for it consisted of a double- decked bunk of the kind found only on POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY VETERAN of scientific expedi- tions in the Tropics and in the Arctic. Explorer of strange corners of the earth. Author of successful books. And yet an average, awk- ward, happy, growing boy of thirteen! That is David Binney Put- nam, about whom Commander Green of the U. S. Navy, himself a noted explorer, has written on these pages. by Fitzhugh Green shipboard. As I glanced about the room, I saw that everything was being done to stimulate his intense interest in Nature and his love for the out-of-doors. ‘How did it all start, David?” I asked. He grinned a wide, boy-sort of grin and replied: “*Ever since I can remember, I guess. I was born in Bend, Oregon, in a high country where there used to be volcanos and lots of lava flows.’ Out there rocks float, real rocks, made up of what is called pumice stone, which is lighter than wood. It was finding out about queer things like March, 1977 that, I guess, that got me inte. ested. “It’s a great salmon country too. Salmon are queer fish. The parents go upstream and lay their eggs and then die. The young fish, after they are bom, go out of the stream and disa pear into the ocean, I think it jg for four years; in the fourth yeap they come back to exactly the same stream where they were born. na i saplteheae found that out f by tagging some of the fish, How they find their way back to their native stream after all that time is a mystery. Isn’t that pretty interesting?” I agreed that it was. Then] got the lad started on his ex. periences among the pirate is. lands of the tropics. For all Lis “grown-up” way of talking, he had a freshness of viewpoint and enthusiasm that would make real grown-ups’ talk a lot more interesting. His eyes glistened as he talked. He spoke of sea lions and sharks and whales un- til I was as thrilled as he. ““As a matter of fact,’ he went on, “in the tropics ar plenty of birds that swim as well as fish that tly. There are eyen some birds that neither swim nor fly. For instance, the flight- less cormorants on the Galapagos have lived for such a long time on an isolated island where they had no enemies and where they didn’t have to fly to get food, that they have lost the use of their wings. “My friend, Mr. Beebe, who invited me on the Arcturus trip, found a whole new series of fish life. Many of the new fish had electric lights. That sounds queer, but it’s true. They have feelers sticking out in front of their heads, with little shining lights on the ends of them, This helps them get around in the dark depths, and it also attracts little crea- tures which the owner of the light then eats up. Mises Ar OT 8s aa The Eskimo children, shown with David Putnam, are chewing walrus windpipe, used by the natives instead of chewing gum. (In oval, above) Young David being taught to eat narwhal skin That is the firefly’s use of his sparkler, too.” ASKED David what gave him the biggest “kick” on that cruise “The greatest thing we saw on the Galapagos Is lands,’ he came quickly, “‘was the out break of a big volcano Lava boiled right up out of the crater and fowed down into the sea. It was a wonderful sight, but pretty awful to watel The hot molten rock slid like a great stream of red ae mol: mou the and rose of tl whe Arct hun A eyes wat coul agai jum agol befc vid’ into lear esti For thir Da As: wat The side of t son fro frol rigl pin pea har scie

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lore March, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Veteran Explorer! Curious People, Birds, Fish and Animals Seen by An Amazing Boy molasses candy down the Cleaning the head of an Arctic narwhal, at 7 under the direction of Harry Raven, ot bs gota = zoologist. This whalelike creature grows e sea, twenty feet long and has one huge tusk and great clouds of steam rose up. The temperature of the water close to shore where we eased in with the Arcturus got as high as one hundred degrees. « 4 HUGE sea lion boiled to death under our eyes. He got into the hot water, became confused and couldn’t find his way out again. The poor thing jumped into the air in agony two or three times before it died.” "We chatted about Da- vid’s cruise last summer up into the Arctic, where he learned a great many more inter- esting facts most people don’t know. For instance, the average person thinks icebergs must be salty. But David reminded me they are not. As a matter of fact, the pools of ice water on the bergs are quite fresh. The expedition vessel went along- side bergs and got fresh water out of the pools for its tanks. The rea- son for this is that bergs break off from glaciers, and glaciers are made from snow. ; “Another thing that struck me right off the bat.’ my young nat- uralist rattled on, “was the pop- ping of the big icebergs, like a re- peating rifle being shot close at hand. I learned from one of our scientists that this was the pressure of winter shrinkage being released by the warm air of the summer.” “TTOW did you like the Eskimos, David?”’ I asked. I could tell by the expression that came into his sunburned face that he liked them. “We saw a good deal of the natives,” he said. “The Eskimo eats nothing but meat all his life— what do you know about that? One of his favorite dishes is clams out of a walrus’ stomach, and he boils up the walrus’ whiskers to make a sort of macaroni. I nearly got sick when I saw children eating walrus’ eyes as if they were gumdrops, and chew- ing walrus’ windpipe, which makes good native chewing gum. Say, I wouldn’t have believed it if I hadn’t People who don’t notice the birds about them don’t know the fun they’re miss- ing, says David. This pet penguin, one of the strange creatures found on the Arcturus trip, taught him many curious things about flightless birds a native of the North certainly knows how to keep warm. One of them had told the boy that a tired man gets cold easily, and that you never see a native with his arms stretched out and his legs apart. Such a posture would uncover the big blood vessels. The Eskimo keeps his wrists, knees, and fore- head well covered, keeps his feet dry, and lets his clothing hang loose and the air circulate up his back, thus prevent- ing perspiration from wetting his shirt. - HERE weren’t any trees in North Greenland,” observed David. “The tree line seems to stop somewhere down in northern Canada. Down at Godhaven on the western coast they told us about orchids which grew under the snow in the coldest weather of the winter. A hot spring bubbles up in the ground and forms an arch of snow over the heads of the flowers. You wouldn't think flowers would bloom almost on the shores of the Polar Sea, would you? But nearly two dozen varieties grow in North Green- land every summer, when the tempera- ture gets above freezing for a few weeks. “Tl tell you another funny thing. All my life I’ve been hearing a lot about Indians’ finding their way around by instinct. I was talking to Dr. Rasmussen about this.” (Dr. Knud Rasmussen, noted Danish explorer, was one of David's shipmates in the Morrissey.) “‘He said he didn’t believe there was any such in- stinct. It is just a case of an Eskimo or Indian, early in his life, getting the habit of noticing things that he passes; a black rock, a break in the hill, a fox hole. With- out realizing it, he puts these things down in his mind. Later, when he comes back, he can pick up the trail he passed over before. He really sees things without seen it with my own eyes!” sti or ae ix be seeing them.” : ; ca : David Putnam, of Rye, N. Y., who at thirteen has par- m He spoke about Eskimo clothing. ticipated in two scientific expeditions and is the author of From what David told me, I gathered From what he said, it wasclear that — two widely sold books. Here he is in his Arctic outfit thatthehabitsof (Continued on page 159)

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New Ways Paper from Cornstalks, POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Science Is Serving Rubber Plated Articles, Colored Steel, Cure for Insomnia, and Other Marvels Promised Us On these pages are presented each month brief stories of scientific discovery and researc having practical bearing on our everyday problems. Rubber Plated Goods Now Being Made EFORE long you may be wearing rubber plated over- shoes and your car may be shod with rubber plated tires! . From Akron, O., comes the announcement that ex- perts are predicting revolu- tionary changes in therubber industry through the appli- cation of a newly developed light at all. Similarly, some dentists now use ultra-vio, let rays to determine wheth. er teeth are alive or dead, Even more alluring jp their possibilities are the mysterious cosmic ra first detected by Dr. Robert A. Millikan of the Califor. nia Institute of Technol on the tops of the California mountains. Hoffmann of the University of Koenigsberg, Germany, now announces that he has been able to detect at seg level the same cosmic rays process of manufacture which resembles in prin- ciple the electroplating of metals. This process is the out- come of experiments in pure research by Dr. S. E. Sheppard of the Eastman Kodak laboratories. Using an electrolytic solution containing extremely minute particles of rubber, he found a way of depositing rubber on the anode of an ‘electric circuit. In the commercial appli- cation, the anode serves as a mold or form on which the rubber is deposited. Manufacturing experts say it is possible to rubber plate molds of any shape with rubber as thin as tissue paper or as thick as a brick wall. Silken thin tobacco pouches, gloves, bathing caps, and hot water bottles, made by the new process, are said to possess more strength and resiliency than ever was possible before. Sees Gasoline Pink but Plentiful HAT the motorist of the future will have to expect gasoline of all colors and odors when he fills his tank, is a prob- ability seen by Dr. Gustav Egloff, of Chicago, who has investigated the possi- bility of getting motor fuels from various sources. “Not only should the public get used to all sorts of colors in gasoline, but to all sorts of odors as well,” Dr. Egloff says. “The modern ‘cracking’ process is re- sponsible for these new characteristics, but the motor will operate as well with the yellow as with the water-white, blue, pink or even red gasoline, “The potential future gasoline supply will last for hundreds of years, and it will come from ‘cracking’ a wide variety of materials such as petroleum, coal tars, shale oil and wood tars. The old-fashioned gasoline was simply evaporated off the crude oil and had no antiknock proper- Insomnia sufferers see hope in the sleep-producing appara- tus of H. E. Guilhaumon, of Paris. went to sleep in eight minutes! eyes, containing a tiny blue electric bulb, and a small electric vibrator are the features of the apparatus The patient above A black band over the ties. The modern ‘cracking’ proc- ess is a way by which heavy oils are chemically broken down into lighter oils having valuable anti- knock properties. The future gaso- line will be a mixture of the two and yield double the mileage.” Our Longer-Lived Dollars EREAFTER a dollar bill will last just twice as long as it used to. You can take the word of Uncle Sam’s Bureau of Standards for this; for the Bureau, after experimenting for a year, has devel- oped a crisp new greenback that will stay crisp and new long after its old-fashioned predecessors have been worn out by usage. The secret of a new paper making process for putting double strength into paper currency lies in the addi- tion of glue. The surfaces of the printed bills are given a coat of glue-formaldehyde sizing which not only improves their appearance, but also increases the resistance of the greenbacks to wear and soiling. ‘New Wonders of Invisible Light HOSE mysterious rays of invisible light which constantly play about us, yet which we never see, hold seeming- ly endless possibilities for usefulness. For example, the Jatest use for ultra-violet raysisin the testing of silkworms. Healthy worms have the strange property of giv- ing off visible light when exposed to in- visible ultra-violet rays, whereas un- healthy worms give off weak light or no While the French experimenters of the upper picture have been combating insomnia, American scient:sts have been seeking a cure for sleeping sickness. A. C. Evans, above, of the U. S. Public Health Service, is developing a serum to combat this dreaded disease— the picture shows her examining one of her culture tubes. Already her serum is said to have cured four cases Miss Dr. Millikan discovered on the hilltops. The cosmic rays are extremely short and invisible light waves. They will penetrate six feet of lead, and still greater thicknesses of other materials. Some day we may learn how the cosmic rays affect us, and may turn them, also, to our needs Woman Finds Way to Color Steel ANY of the fittings and ornaments Dr. Gerhard | about our houses, instead of being of brass, copper, silver or gold plate, may hereafter be made of attractively colo steel, now that a woman engineer Birmingham, England, Miss C. Griff, has door t ufacti costl y jn art Me W lightn Al Franl physi quest a ro thunc whet! flash track eithet earth ther light char reve natu Hu; are worl

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SesPaseQgsrases Fe a re ts SS ey re es March, 1927 found a secret process of coloring said to ake the manufacture of colored steel ornament commercially practicable. — The colored steel is reported to be stain- Jess and rustproof. It will be used, among other things, for buttons, buckles aden other personal ornaments, furniture and door trimmings. Not only can it be man- ufactured to look similar to the m ore costly metals, but the color can be applied in artistic designs. Modern Franklin to Use Rocket HAT starts a lightning flash, and what determines the path of a lightning bolt through the atmosphere? A modern disciple of Benjamin Franklin, Dr. C. V. Boys, British physicist, proposes to answer these questions by shooting a rocket up into a thundercloud, to see whether a lightning flash will follow the track of the rocket, either downward to the earth or upward from the earth to the cloud. Dr. Boys explains that the track of a rocket contains count- less electrified atoms which are discharged as the explosive drives Explosions are made to order in this unique test chamber of the U.S. Bureau of Stand- ards in Washington. To develop better bulkheads for mines, massive walls are built within the chamber and then blasted, while ob- servers outside take readings that tell them what occurred therocket upward. Knowledge of whether lightning would follow such an electrified channel through the air, he says, might reveal many unknown facts about the nature of thunderbolts. : Huge Beacon to Top Mount Etna Winns which sweep the magnificent summit of Mount Etna, Sicily, are to be harnessed to light one of the world’s most powerful beacons, a million candlepower light which will guide flyers POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY on the Mediterranean air routes. Experts estimate that the power it will draw from the winds will exceed the power which is generated by the huge plants at Niagara Falls. Strange Medical Uses for Dyes STRANGE new aid in surgical operations now comes into the hands of physicians. It is dyes. Medical in- vestigators, in recent experiments, have found that certain aniline dyes provide antiseptics said to be even more effective than the familiar iodine, and may be used even for the treatment of blood poisoning. Electricity may stimulate or retard a man’s heart ac- tion, depending on where the current is applied to his body, according to remarkable tests conducted at the McManis Labora- tories, Kirksville, Mo. The subject, in an “electric chair,”’ is subjected to electric shocks, while his heart- beats are traced on paper charts, as shown on the wall Two physicians of Ithaca, N. Y., Drs. Martin B. Tinker and Henry B. Sutton, declared in a recent report to the American Medical Association that some of the aniline dyes are almost 100 percent efficient in sterilizing the skin of a patient for an operation. In another report, Dr. John W. Church- man, professor of experimental thera- peutics in Cornell Medical School, New York City, showed the progress of experi- ments with dyes in treating blood poison- ing. Gentian violet, he said, is one of a 47 group of five aniline dyes which “justify hope of important discoveries.” The others are brilliant green, acriflavine, mercurochrome and acriviolet. Infected knee joints, he declared, have been sterilized with gentian violet, which has also proved effective in freeing from infection stumps of amputated limbs. Sees “Sun Engines” Bottling Heat “‘ROTTLED sunshine” transported from the tropics to light and heat the homes of those of us who live in colder regions is no idle dream but a scientific possibility, according to a recent report read before the Association of German Chemists in session at Berlin. By means of huge sun engines along the Nile, the Germans believe, water can be converted into hydrogen, which could be transported to any part of the world in quartz bottles and later burned for light and heat. That the earth’s interior heat eventually will be harnessed for our use, was also pre- dicted by the chemists. Ocean a Vast “Pasture Land eer the open sea has watery “farms” as vast and fertile as any to be found on land, is the conclusion of Dr. W. R. G. Atkins, after an extensive study of ocean grown plants in the English Channel. Dr. Atkins calcu- lates that the Channel every year produces the equivalent of 12,000 pounds of plant life an acre, or more than the yields of many crop plants obtained from cultivated soil. The crops of the sea consist mostly of micro- scopic green plants, millions of which are contained in every cubic foot of water at the surface. They supply the food for most of the living creatures of the sea. Bald Mice and Men A NEW ray of hope for bald-headed men comes from Dr. F. A. E. Crew, head of the animal breeding institute of Edinburgh University. In experiments with bald mice, Dr. Crew reports, he dis- covered that the shedding of hair is due to lack of a certain gland substance. By extracting this substance from normal mice and transferring it to the bald ones, he claims to have grown new tufts of hair. Now he is at work to find out whether human baldness may not be due to the same glandular deficiency and cur- able in the same way. PaPER IS BEING commercially manufac- tured from cornstalks at a paper mill in Tama, Iowa. Prof. O. R. Sweeney of Iowa State College, who developed the process, predicts that eventually most of the newsprint of the country will be sup- plied by the by-products of the corn belt.

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Something new in cigarette holders is this ingenious device, which has a pointed prong in its end on which the cigarette is firmly pushed. It takes cigarettes of any shape, round or oval, and there is no waste end. You spear the cigarette, light up, and it stays where it belongs until you’re through smoking Passengers on trans-Atlantic liners have a new deck game—“ knufo”’— combining tennis and marksmanship. Players compete on adjoining bull’s-eyes, serving the ball at the bull’s-eye. The accuracy of the shot determines the points scored. After each shot, the ball rolls back on a runway for a secoad shot. The stroking ends when the ball is missed POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Practical Novelties Three wheels. in back and one in front—and you have two guesses to say whether this odd vehicle, above, is a motorcycle or an auto! Cycle handlebars steer it, while the triple wheels behind are de- signed to keep it in a verti- cal position when turning, and to prevent skidding. It recently appeared on the streets of London saameamnapessmmermeenes: se Closed, this device resembles an ordinary measuring pencil, even to the pocket clip on its graduated shaft; open, it becomes a handy twelve-inch steel ruler March, ‘ign Auto with Motor in Pontoon Side Car, **Human Duck” And Other Letter boxes on trolley cars are the latest idea for speeding up mail delivery in Germany. Where the trolley line passes the main post office or railroad station branch, the innovation is a distinct time saver, saving many a trip to the post office When you have to crank this machine, you seize the crank handle, step out the door—and go around to the rear. For the British manufacturer of this little car has concealed the motor at the back. Among the advantages claimed for the arrangement are more leg room in front, reduction of noise, greater accessibility of motor, and less likelihood of skidding, owing to redistribution of weight. The con- ventional body liaes at the front have not been changed Ree Fo Sw Ne

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“ -- March, 1927 evised by Ingenious Folk od Rear, Motorcycle with Foot-Rule Pencil, Swimming Outfit, New Devices - Adventuring across-country takes on new possibilities when you can travel in a motorcycle that makes you master of land and water. This British cycle is equipped with a novel side car which, unbolted from its place, becomes a boat to navigate a river or a lake. When two motorcyclists travel together, they have the additional advantage of being able to lock their side cars together like a pon- toon and so ferry their motorcycles across when they come to rivers. With these amphibious cycles, two adven- turers, Capt. George Malinesand Charles Oliver, have started out around the world POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY The two views above show the motor- cycle with pontoon side car being put through its paces at a recent demonstra- tion at Hampstead, England, on land and crossing a pond. Summer campers, it is thought, will find the side car especially advantageous, since they can ride to the water, park the cycle, and go for a row in their water-tight side car 49 A novel swimming aid for beginners, the outfit above is designed to prevent swallow- ing water and to insure regu- lar air supply. It consists of a bathing cap equipped with a tube for admitting air to the mouth of the wearer and an exit for exhaled air through two lightweight tanks encircling the waist Pow good is your shovel? Here is an ingenious device that would test it for you. Its handle heavily weighted, the shovel is placed in a bin of broken stone and dragged back and forth by machinery over the rough rock until it breaks. The number of hours it takes to wreck it determines how good it is. A Western railroad company de- vised the method to guide it in its purchases The familiar H-shaped standards for high jumping will be a thing of the past, if this new device, now in use at the University of Washington, is generally adopted. With nothing above the bar, the new standard relieves the athlete of the “‘ mental hazard”’ caused by the ordinary posts. Adjustable to any height, the post is locked in position with a hand lever, as shown in the small inset picture. The crossbar, however, is always loose to avoid possible injury should the jumper foul the bar i if i a ee

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50 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY New Fire Apparatus Clears Building of Smoke Smoke-eating fire apparatus at a recent demonstration Typewriter Drumming Deadened ASTER on the ears and the finger tips is a typewriter fitted with one of the new shock absorbers that soften its bang and rattle. No felt or rubber is used. Instead, two strips of .spring steel, supporting the machine so that it cannot communicate its vibration to the desk top, deaden the drumming that usually results. The resilient spring steel gives a lively “‘touch” less fatiguing to the fingers, and is said to give longer life to ribbons and carbons. No tools are required to attach the device to the desk, a locking lever being used. It is made to fit several standard makes of typewriters now on the market. Tiny Mirror Set in Finger Ring ET with a di- minutive mirror instead of a precious stone, a new finger ring combines orna- ment with utility. On its tiny, convex surface it reflects the entire face of the wearer. The mirror is made of glass, silvered and then coated on the back with a waterproof paint. It is of new design, ground and polished like a fine lens. As a novelty it is affording much amusement, enabling the wearer to watch other people to one side or back of him unnoticed. Shaped to reflect your whole face Chemists Make Artificial Milk YNTHETIC milk, possessing all the nutritive qualities of the genuine article, is a new triumph of chemists re- ported from Denmark. Vegetable fats replace the butter fat of cow’s milk, and vitamins are added to complete the similarity. The product, which is in no sense a mere substitute but a complete duplicate, its makers say. is about to be manufactured on a commercial scale. LOUDS of suffo- cating smoke that hamper the work of firemen can now be sucked out of a burning build- ing by a brand-new type of fire appara- tus, the invention of C. W. Ringer, of the Minneapolis fire department.' Mounted ona standard fire truck, a fan blower espe- cially adapted to the purpose draws out the smoke through a metal tube and discharges it in the open air. With the building at least partly cleared of fumes, the firemen’s work is made easier. Placed between the typewriter and the desk, this spring steel device deadens the drum- ming and gives the fingers a lively “‘touch”’ Double-Deck Street Eases Chicago Traffic Jam LEVATED highways may carry the traffic of the future, if Chicago’s new double-decked avenue, the first in that ‘city and one of the first in the country, proves the success expected. Recently completed and thrown open to traffic, Wacker Drive now carries streams of motor vehicles on two levels for more than a mile along the bank of the Chicago F: Fa Wacker Drive, Chicago, as it looks today with its elevated highway for auto traffic Keyhole Lock Baffles Thieves OCK your door, slide this ody. shaped device into your keyhgk when you retire for the night, and jp. sertion of another key from the outside is effectively barred, says its maker, The triangle-shaped catch on the bam grasps the inside plate and cannot be pp. leased other than by the special key— for unlocking only, as the device lodg automatically. A steel ball bearing jg the tip is intended to baffle any attemptty drill out the keyhole obstruction, New Telescope for Studying Sup HANGES in the sun’s face, pr. viously perceptible only on photo graphs, may now by studied visually with a@ new instrument called a_spectrohelio. scope, invented by Dr. George Ellery Hale of the Mt. Wilson observatory, California. Using this instrument, Dp, Hale has been able to watch the behavior of the whirls of hydrogen around sy spots. These glowing gases give off lights of characteristic colors, and his spectro. helioscope can be set to observe one particular color element in much the same manner a radio set can be tuned-in on one particular station. River, in one of the busiest sections of thecity. Graceful archways and columned walls help to make the new double-decker thoroughfare an artistic addition, rather than a detriment architecturally, to the city. In New York City a similar plan has been suggested to ease the congestion of its crowded streets and avenues. Billi T'S cap lipstick consist the en: the ti metal When is rem one. from V ‘cue 1s Sees W thus explos Dr. I of th Germ comp: dirigi! not n that to me Brit O' thun mile: Behi steel pour conc spee mar I N ing mo Cor

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Se Seat Aer ae of er he S.8 Billiard Cue Tip Stays ‘‘Put”’ T’S as easy to put a fresh tip in this new cap for billiard cues as to insert a new lipstick in its holder. The usual cue tip consists of a fragile piece of leather glued to the end of the cue; in the new invention, the tip is held securely by a threaded metal sleeve that screws on to the cue. When the tip needs replacing, the sleeve is removed in a moment to insert a new one. A set screw keeps the container from working loose accidentally while the ‘cue is being used. Sees Airships Driven by Diesels ILL airships of the future be driven V \ by light, high-speed Diesel engines, thus doing away with the danger of explosions and fires from the motors? Dr. Imanuel Lauster, managing director of the Diesel Company at Augsburg, Germany, visiting America, says his company is now developing a motor for dirigibles. The fact that the Diesel does not need a spark for combustion and also that it uses heavy oil for fuel is thought to make it especially desirable for airships. Britain Sets Train Speed Record VER the tracks from London to Birkenhead, a British express train thundered the other day at ninety-two miles an hour to make a new speed record. Behind the powerful engine, 250 tons of steel made up the special train that pounded the rails. England is generally conceded to be well in the lead in railroad speeds, and this journey sets a new high mark for others to try to beat. and made into motor carts by a new attach- ment recently devised in Germany—an elec- tric motor that per- mits the carrier to be loaded or dumped as a hand truck, then to be whisked speedily from place to place in the modern manner. An unusual feature is the comfortable seat from which the driver controls his powerful little machine. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Electric Motor Now Pulls the Pushcart USHCARTS are ra brought up to date Manicure Set Fits in Hand Bag Cc}? tiny box holds all the articles above, needed for manicuring. The reverse side of the cover serves as buffer. Within are found orange stick, emery board and nail file; while two pencil- shaped containers that slide unexpectedly from the ends of the holder carry nail polish and whitener. Electric Cooking School Travels on Wheels OW the little red schoolhouse goes chugging about the country, roll- ing on four wheels and propelled by a motor. Housewives in Westchester County, N. Y., are receiving instruction Class assembled for a lesson in the “‘educational bus.’’ At the front is space for a sink with running water, elec- tric range and smaller appliances, a table and cupboards in cookery and housekeeping from a staff of teachers who travel with the “‘educa- tional bus.’”? An Eastern electric com- pany runs the bus, which is equipped with modern labor-saving devices for the home and shows them in action. At the front of the bus is an electric range and a sink with running water. Especially adapted for transporting baggage on railway platforms Fine Linens May Be Cheaper | Sb *aamety beng will rejoice in cheaper linens, if two machines for obtaining the fine flax fiber, recently demonstrated in Boston, Mass., prove commercially practicable. The present way of getting the fiber is to soak the flax straw for days in slow-running water, then dry it, and then beat it to remove the woody core. These two machines do the same work, taking as many hours, it is said, as the former method took weeks. One is a roller machine, the other a large vat. In the success of the inventions is seen a vast potential development for the linen industry, which today still uses processes devised 4,000 years ago. Cake of Soap Holds Nail Brush AIL brush and soap go together, but it took a Frenchman to think of com- bining them in one handy article. Ready for a quick brightening up aft- er a dusty day’s work, the brush is set in the middle of a bar of soap. The other side of the cake is of ordinary appearance. A novel soap-and- brush combination APPLE GROWERS have developed a new device for wiping apples: an odd con- trivance with horizontal revolving rollers and 500 flapping pieces of canvas. This allays the fear that poisoning results from arsenic residue left after spraying. Westchester, N. Y., housewives “‘go to school’”’ again when the traveling cook- ing school comes to town. Correct home lighting, child care and the care of invalids are other subjects taught. The bus has seats for thirty-seven persons

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Jersey Bridge an Engineering Triumph POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY AEN weeks ago the largest vertical lift bridge in the world was opened to traffic. Engineers who built it flung four mighty spans across Newark Bay to connect Bayonne and Elizabeth, N. J. Each span is 260 feet long, and rises like an elevator to a height of more than half its length to permit vessels to pass beneath it. A clearance of a hundred and thirty-five feet above the water surface is provided for. Thirteen million dollars was the cost of the magnificent structure, which has_ been three years under construction and is pictured above just be- fore its completion. Fast trains now roar over its steel trusses. The Horse That Never Grew Up EE WEE,” a pygmy horse owned by John C. Lucadema of Newark, N. J., weighs an even hundred pounds and is only twenty-seven inches high, though already he has attained the mature age of five years. Our horses’ ancestors, which lived thousands of years ago, were only three feet high, and “Pee Wee,” therefore, gives us a good conception of what they must have looked like. Soft Colors Aid the Sick OLOR as a factor in rest cures has demonstrated its importance in a London hospital. Under the guidance of color experts, white walls and red cover- lets have been replaced with delicate green, yellow and mauve ones. As a re- sult, it is said, the temper of the patients is better, they sleep well, and leave the hospital an average of three days sooner than under the old conditions. The officials report that one individual, afflicted with chronic insomnia, went to sleep within an hour in the restful atmosphere of a room which was decorated in mauv e. 11. 12. How Much Do You Know of the World You Live In? OU'LL have a fairly accurate answer to this query after test- ing yourself with the twelve ques- tions below, selected from hundreds | sent in by our readers. For the cor- | rect answers, turn to page 160. 1. What state leads in the development of water power? | 2. Where are the helium wells | of America? 3. Where can you walk a de- gree of longitude in a few minutes? . What ¢great invention did the Aztecs lack? . Where is building stone sawed like wood? . What is vegetable ivory? . What is the greatest fish- ing port in the world? . What people always wear masks in public? . Why is preserved food often found in ancient Egyptian tombs? . What is the most beautiful building in the world? What is the most valuable nut? Where can you get vege- table milk? Huge Kite Takes Boy for a Ride! ONCHALANTLY swinging in a rope seat from a giant kite, Francis Perkins, abov e, thrilled a crowd of on lookers in a unique kite-flying exhibition at a recent Massachusetts fair. A heavy cable attached to the kite supported the boy, whose father, Samuel Perkins, de. signed the kite. Glacier Gives Up Ancient Tree RESERVED in glacial ice for 300,00 years, the tree from which the piece of spruce below was cut was exposed again to the open air by the recent recession of the great North American ice cap in Glacier Bay, Alaska, and was found by a Canadian government party. It grew for 124 years before the advance of the glacier enveloped it. Cross-section of ice-preserved Sitka spruce, which bloomed in Alaska 300,000 years ago

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ide! In 3 ancis t on. ition \eavy d the 3 de. sheet, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY World’s Largest Dome Tops Indiana Hotel tone > ie oom | HOUGH St. Peter’s Cathedral in OE tome is still the largest cathedral in the world, contrary to general belief it can no longer claim the greatest dome in the world. That distinction belongs to a hotel at West Baden, Indiana, pictured above, which surpasses by twelve feet the noble dome on St. Peter’s. The hotel dome is 200 feet across. The triumph of the American builders Diving in Thames a Muddy Job HE hazardous occupation of the diver, encumbered with a heavy suit that limits freedom of movement, is made extremely more so in the Thames River, England. Here the water is at all times so muddy that the diver has to work with bare hands, feeling every inch of his way because of inability to see an inch ahead of him through the thick glass plates in his helmet. He also has to watch his step carefully, because the mud bed of the river is precariously slippery and full of holes. The illustration below shows a twelve- inch steel suction pipe being lowered to the Thames River bed, to be guided and connected by the diver. The helmet at the end of the hose hides the features of James Mearns, whose experience at work- ing at underwater jobs began at the early age of fifteen years. Lowering a pipe in the Thames River—a job so muddy the diver must feel his way around lay in the solution of the problem of sup- ports adequate in strength to uphold the immense dome. As completed, it rests on sixteen solid brick piers laid up in lime mortar. In this respect the design follows closely that used by the ‘ancient crafts- men. The lime binds the masonry into an imperishable mass because of its ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the air to unite with the sand and bricks. A TREE.that yields “milk” has been discovered in CentralAmerica by Pro- fessor S. J. Record, of Yale University. This arboreal cow is “milked” by cutting into the bark, and the liquid that pours forth is described as “rich and creamy, palatable, and sweet to the taste.” KNOW YOUR CAR HE front and rear wheel bear- ings of a modern automobile are so perfectly designed and con- structed that the motorist is apt to forget them completely. For five or ten thousand miles the car will go without any sign of trouble even if they are never so much as greased. Eventually, however, the ball or roller bearings run dry and then wear sets in. The balls or rollers gradually grind away the hardened steel surfaces on witich they run and then the motorist suddenly discovers that one of the front wheels is wobbling or there is a grating and grinding noise coming from one of the rear wheels. By that time the wear probably has progressed to the point where a whole new set of bearings is neces- sary to put the wheel back into running condition. Aside from the inconvenience caused by putting | the car up for-the needed repairs, | any defect in the running gear is | liable to result in a serious accident. The broken bearing may seize and throw the car off the road while you are traveling at high speed. There is just one rule for safety | as far as the running gear of your | car is concerned: | Inspect, grease and adjust the wheel bearings at least once | every 5,000 miles. | | 53 Now We Have Sociability Tests Cs a person’s sociable qualities be determined by laboratory tests? Prof. J. B. Morgan of Northwestern - University declares that they can, and he has devised tests by which, he says, parents can decide how to train children. In the picture above, the subject is being tested for susceptibility to sound. She is placed in a quiet room and her ears are covered with an audiometer while she looks into a crystal to induce daydreaming. Her reactions to sound are then noted. One who is distracted by the faintest sound is said to be too sociable, while one who daydreams in - spite of loud noises is more hermitlike. Uncle Sam’s Own Whiskey Still ELIEVE it or not, in a certain build- ing in Washington, D. C., belonging to the Treasury Department, the Govern- ment is running a corn whiskey stili, and here are two Government employees op- erating it! Nothing, however, comes out of the still now except pure, harmless water. Confiscated in a raid and turned over, to the Treasury Department garage, the apparatus is used to distill water for Government storage batteries.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY San Juan Hill Monument in the Making OW a bronze statue is made is strikingly shown in the accompany- ing set of photographs, taken at various steps in the construction of the Spanish War Memorial statue by Joseph P. Pollia,unveiled recently at Santiago,Cuba. From a small working model, the sculp- tor first makes a full size “armature,”’ a Brains for Machines ACHINES can be automatically stopped after a given number of shaft revolutions by a novel stop counter just invented. Near the end of the re- quired number of rotations, which may be from 1 to 9750, a warning bell rings, and at the exact number the counter throws an electric switch that stops the machine. In winding electrical coils, the new device counts the turns of wire with more than human accuracy. It may also be applied to chemical mixers, printing machinery, in fact any place where a definite number of revolutions is required. Four styles are made, of which the electrical type is illustrated. Other modifications of the invention operate mechanically, or signal the operator by a bell on a direct-reading scale. From a Reader “Your magazine covers such a world of interesting subjects—or is it that it covers many commonplace subjects so interest- ingly?” —L. B., Appleton City, Mo. weird skeleton with bones of lath or metal, copying the original model with a scaling instrument. After the armature is completed, he covers it roughly with clay. This in itself, though it is made only to be destroyed, is a finished piece of sculpture, and takes months to perfect. A mold of plaster, known as the “waste mold,’’ must be made from this figure. Thin strips of brass are attached here and there on the clay body, the plaster is applied, and iron pipes are embedded in this outer layer to give it rigidity. Soon the mold has set, and then it is readily broken away in sections along the lines of the brass strips. After cleaning, the waste mold is fas- tened together and fluid plaster is poured How New York Arms platen for anything from life- saving to quelling a riot, emergency squads recruited from the doughtiest of New York City’s police are ready at an instant’s notice to dash to any part of the city to preserve law and order. High powered motor cars rush these patrols to their destination. Each man is armed to the teeth, and the small arsenal carried From left to right; making the wood and steel framework; the framework built out in clay; the plaster mold covering the clay; the plaster mold removed piece piece; and (left) the completed monument ’ into its hollow interior. It sets, and the plaster shell is removed piece by piece, Now the finished plaster cast goes to the foundry, and from it a sand mold js made. This is the last step. Into the sand mold molten bronze is poured, which, when it cools, is the finished monument, Its Emergency Police on board includes machine guns, shot- guns, rifles, tear gas bombs, gas masks and inhalators. Fire extinguishers, extension ladders, first aid kits, and an oxy-acetylene torch complete the heterogeneous outfit, the last named being used to cut away metal wreckage to rescue anyone pinned be- neath the débris of an accident. f New York emergency police squad, armed to the teeth, barricaded in its speed truck. Tear gas bombs, machine guns, gas masks and rifles are only a small part of the truck’s equipment ing Itp floo Int ing the unl ings pre’ cral the

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ot- nd ch the tal March, 1927 Bifocals Now ‘“‘Color-Free’’ OLD the ordinary fused bifocal eye- H glass Jens up to the light and at the ‘nt where the image reverses you will see a narrow fringe of color, This color fringe, which has always annoyed bifocal wearers, is now said to be entirely done away With in a remarkable new type of pifocal lens. Up to now, when two lenses were melted together to conceal the dividing line of the near and far vision lens, this color aberration was caused by the dense fint glass long considered the only possi- ple material for the reading segment of the lens. An entirely new type of glass, produced for the first time in the labora- tories of a great optical company, is responsible for the new “color-free” pifocal lens, shown being tested below. Testing the new bifocal lens to show that its shadow casts no color fringe Magnetic Crane Unloads Cars S° COMPACT that it can be put inside a freight car and set to work unload- ing it, the hustling little crane below has a powerful magnet at its business end. It picks up loose metal parts from the car floor and loads them in bags and boxes, In the illustration, the crane is seen back- ing away from the railroad siding with the last load after it had set a record by unloading an entire car full of loose cast- ings in forty-five minutes. The best previous time for this, without the new crane, was three hours for four men, so the new machine is sixteen times faster. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 55 With interchangeable wheels and caterpillar track; here the wheels are suspended while track is used Convertible “Tank Auto” Rides Over Anything yw a car like this, there’s no danger of getting stuck in the mud. Just a touch of a lever and this army touring car becomes.a tractor, with a caterpillar tread that will take it over any obstruction. The change is made by This Kiddie Car Wags Its Tail! NEW variation of the little three- wheeled vehicle for children is shaped like an animal, whose eyes roll and jaws. open and close—even the tail wags. Another car has an animated doll whose feet appear to operate the pedals. The inventor of these two real- istic tovs is Frederick Herschman, of New York City. Phonograph Disk Won’t Break LAM this new phonograph record, below, on the floor—kick it, or, if you like, double it over and step on it— and it won’t break, Now put it on a talking machine, and the sharpest ear might fail to distinguish its music from that of an ordinary disk. Such, at least, are the claims made for this amazing invention, which has just been placed on the market, by its British manufacturer. It is made of a pliable material said to make breakage impossible. Bending and stepping on the new British pkono- graph record as a test of its remarkable pliability Magnet crane installed by an automobile manufacturer to unload castings from box cars. The crane picks up the castings and deposits them in boxes. This work was formerly done by men, but the powerful magnet works sixteen times faster its own engine power, and is said to re- quire less than a minute. Recently shown at Camberley, England, the new car is intended for military use. It travels over roads at high speed, and plows cross-country like an army tank. A New Way to “Lick” Envelopes My EcRoscoric holes in the cap of this handy desk accessory release just enough of the water it contains to seal the flap of an envelope over which it is rubbed. The holes are so small, it is said, that no water can leak even when the device is held upside down, until a stamp or envelope pressed against it withdraws moisture by capillary attrac- tion. An occasional filling and a casual wipe across the cap with the hand are sufficient to keep the moistener clean and ready for service. Lightning Rods for Oil Tanks OLTS from the sky that threaten to turn huge oil tanks into roaring pillars of flame may in future be harm- lessly deflected by a new method tested in the laboratories of the General Electric Company. A metal pole erected near a tank, it is said, protects from lightning an area of a circumference equal to four times the height of the pole. Several such rods around an oil reservoir, the tests showed, will com- pletely protect it, and a network of wire screening carried above the tank would make it impossible for atmospheric charges to cause sparks that might play about the metal and ignite the oil within. Artificial lightning was used to test the small scale laboratory models of tanks to obtain this information. en

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Armored Motorcycles Aid Cops ARLIKE in its armored construc- tion and scouting appurtenances, this remarkable motorcycle side car, which has just made its appearance in Berlin, is the last word in equipment for field campaigns against bandits. Within the bullet-proof side car is a complete radio receiving set, to receive latest bulletins and instructions from police headquarters. The auxiliary vehicle runs by itself, and may be detached from the motorcycle at a moment’s notice to make a flying raid under its own power. Stockings from Redwood Trees VERY part of the majestic redwood tree of California has been put to use except the bark, which has hitherto rep- resented the only waste when one of these forest giants has been felled. Now scientists propose, instead of throwing the bark away, to make silk from & if experiments by the California Redwood Association prove successful. Artificial silk has already been made from wood pulp, but the majestic Sequoia gigantica has never before furnished the material. Device Tilts Pen Ready for Use O HARM can come to your fountain pen in this ingenious desk set. The socket that receives the idle pen termi- nates at its base in a ball that moves freely within a cup attached to the stand. At one point on the rim of the cup, a slot permits pen socket and pen to drop flat, so that the entire set can be tucked away in a shallow drawer overnight. Placing the socket in any other position holds the pen tilted upward, ready to the hand, and able to swing freely out of the way if accidentally struck. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY tll The inventor carry- ing his boat, folded, on his back, like a knapsack. It weighs twenty-five pounds What Artichoke Sugar Will Cost EVULOSE, called the finest of all sugars, is prophesied from artichokes at two cents a pound within five years, as a result of further experiments by the U.S. Bureau of Standards. Crystalliza- tion of the levulose from a water solution marks the turning point of the Bureau’s experiments, for in all previous work treatment with alcohol was necessary. The new step is said to place artichoke sugar on the same footing with cane or beet sugar as a commercial process. Fountain Penin Umbrella Handle EMOVE the ornamental top of the latest umbrella,, and out pops a fountain pen! Thus have inventors found a use for the hitherto waste space in an umbrella handle. Women will appreci- ate the convenience, for vanity cases and bags are often too small to carry pens. Unscrew the handle top and out springs the fountain pen, fitted snugly in the hollow tube Seven-Yard Craft Folds to Knapsack Size BS a eee Sess WENTY-ONE feet long when rigged for wate travel, the substantially built, two-passenger craft above is “light as a feather,” says its inventor, and cap be folded up and carried on the back like a knapsack, To prove its seaworthiness, Herman Glattfelder, the young inventor, made a successful trip the other day from Governor’s Island, N. Y., across Upper New York Bay to the Battery, at the foot of Manhattan Island, He is shown carrying the boat on his back before the demonstration. pounds, and Glattfelder says it is nonsinkable. Note, jn the picture above, the unusual design of the boat. Its total weight is only twenty-five Convict Invents Mail Bag Lock O STOP thefts from mail bags, a new lock has been invented by a Canadian convict, in whose name a patent will be taken out. The device is said to make ropes, bars or straps unnecessary, less. ening considerably the weight of each bag. Norman (“Red’’) Ryan, notorious Toronto bandit now serving a life term for bank robbery, is the inventor. Clock Built Entirely of Straw Speed was the only material used by a German clockmaker in the construe. tion of a unique clock six feet high. Pen- dulum, twelve clockwork wheels, and case are all fashioned from this material. The novel timepiece has a twenty-four hour movement and represents two years’ work by Karl Reichert, one of the skilled arti- sans of the clock-making town of Goslar, in the Hartz Mountains. Copper Skewers Speed Roasting — or pins of copper rl through a roast result in quicker and more even cooking and juicier meat, according to the home economics depatt- ment of the University of California Copper is an excellent conductor of heat, and these skewers carry the heat directly to the inside of the meat, cooking t through in a third less time. Report New Cure for Malaria ERMANIN, a coal tar product, is4 newly reported cure for malaria, developed by experimenters in the labors tories of the Bayer-Lever-Kusen Chem cal Works, Germany. Canaries were uset as test patients, and a final test of the med cine was made by an expedition to Central America, which reported complete success in curing malaria. PE] of racer, wheel: The s capab hurlin Test: H? § ment, Stand stretc ures 1 a dir shell, gas b indice pullec A ga: requi into ] Extre been Hau shot fire, 4 the l ina Hur eight in qu Se Ss‘ insté ter r all t don’ car goin mar gas the half T aw finis exte in t car sect whi is 1 sert win pre ere

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Bse fra e® 5 FS sao r crs eas Ge Berar? F POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Fleet Little Racer Runs on Three Wheels PEED is emphasized in the trim lines of this remarkable new three-wheeled racer, Which steers with the two front wheels while the single rear one trails. The streamline body encloses a motor capable, according to the Paris makers, of hurling the bulletlike car along a country Tests Tightness of Plane’s Wing OW tight should the covering on an airplane’s wings be? A new instru- ment, perfected at the U. S. Bureau of Standards, tests the tautness of the fabric stretched over the wings, and also meas- ures the tension of the cloth that holds a dirigible’s precious helium. An oval shell, attached by suction to. the wing or gas bag, creates a partial vacuum until an indicator shows that the fabric has been pulled an eighth of an inch out of line. A gage indicates the amount of suction required to do this, which is converted into pounds of tension per inch of width. Extremely accurate measurements have been made with the new meter. Hatr as BIG as a brick, pitch black but shot through with green and peacock blue fire, the largest opal in the world is now in the U.S. National Museum. It was found in a bed of volcanic ash in Virgin Valley, Humboldt County, Nevada, weighs over eighteen ounces, and is surpassed by few in quality and beauty. road at eighty-five miles an hour. Yet, they say, the speedometer dial will show another forty-five miles covered every time the engine burns up a gallon of gas- oline. Pleasure cars of this type are being made also, it is reported, by the same maker. Your Latchkey in Your Penknife ONCEALED in the handle of this slim penknife, your house key is al- ways at hand when you need it. The re- movable tip of the knife carries a key “blank” to be filed to fit your door. Re- placed, the novel latchkey joins with the rest of the case to make a conventional penknife that attaches conveniently to your watch chain, to be tucked away in your vest pocket for ready use in either of its services. The penknife part of this novel accessory contains two steel blades. Sectional Auto Window Slides Open Sideways IGNALLING from a closed car is easy with one of the new sliding glass panels installed in your left-hand door. In win- ter months or during a summer rain, when all the windows are shut up tight, you don’t have to crank one down to let the car behind you know which way you're going to turn, or to tell the filling station man how many gallons of gas you want. A touch of the finger, and one of the half-sections is pushed open. The new panel consists of a wood frame, covered and finished to match the car exterior, and designed to fit in the regular slots of the car door. It has two half- sections of glass, one of which slides horizontally. It is installed simply by in- serting it in the open window space after the present glass has been low- ered all the way. Raised then as far as it will go, the old window holds the new one firmly in place. A’ rubber strip is provided on the lower outer edge of the frame to prevent air or rain entering at this point. The adoption of this adjustable type of car window is being considered by build- ers of closed car bodies. The window is in two sections, one section sliding sideways over the other when you want to signal. The old window is still in 57 Toys Made from War Shrapnel ) 5 seme shrapnel is turned over into peacetime use at a Hornsey, Eng- land, factory, where nearly three hundred tons of shrapnel, removed from shells, are being melted down and converted into toys. Cast in molds, as in the illustration, the metal is fashioned into miniature animals and other figures. The last trace of their warlike origin disappears as the models are painted in natural colors. These models will be used to complete exhibits of model farms. Now—Rubber-Tired Trolleys! ROLLEY cars may soon be fitted with pneumatic tires and glide along silently and joltlessly, if an amazing car wheel now being tested proves practica- ble. It is the invention of S. C. Hatfield, of Baltimore, Md. Instead of encircling the rim, as on an auto wheel, the tire is at the center, next to the hub, as shown above, so that the tire itself never comes in contact with the track. A Baltimore transit company has equipped an experimental trolley with the novel wheels. Should the tests prove successful, trolley cars for the first time may be equipped with roller bearings, too fragile to use now. Slightly modified, the new wheels are said to have been used successfully on heavy motor trucks.

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Movie actors no longer fear ‘‘Kleig eyes’? from studio lights, as a result cf Bureau of Standards experiments. Dr. W. W. Coblentz, of the Bureau, is holding a screen of a new glass developed con- taining cerium oxide, which absorbs the harmful rays in the lights N A corner of one of the hundred laboratories which are part of the Bureau of Standards in Washington, D. C., there is a contrivance which I think would strike you as curious. It looks more or less like an elevator—but an elevator all dressed up with no place to go! There is no shaft for it to operate in. No elevator man sings out, “Going up!” Busily sliding back and forth, opening and shutting, locking and unlocking maybe fifty times as you stand there, is an ordinary elevator door. Night and day for two weeks it does the same. What for? Some time ago, the people of Balti- more discovered that more deaths from elevator accidents were occurring in their community, relatively, than in others. The cause—doors of elevator shafts were open when the elevators were not there. Now, every properly equipped elevator has a safety device known as an “interlock.”” Its purpose is to make it impossible to operate the car until the door is closed. In the Baltimore fatalities, these so- called safety devices simply had not worked. The Baltimore authorities came to the Bureau with this problem: “Is there on the market any absolutely dependable interlocking device? How can such a device be made dependable?” It was to answer these questions that we built that elevatorlike contrivance. Interlocking devices are tested on it. OOK inside it and you'll see that it really has an elevator man, too—a dummy, of course, run by electricity, but a remarkable fellow for all that. He not only opens and shuts the door, he is continually trying to work the controller of the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY The Most Amazing factory in the WORLD Strange Machines, Hurricanes, — Even Fires, Manufactured at Bureau of Standards, to Test Every Article You Buy or Use By M. K. WISEHART car when the door is open. Also, he keeps trying to open the door when the car is not at the door! In short, he does the things the elevator man is expected to do and the things he ought never to do. Moreover, in red ink—autographically— he records on a chart every time that the safety device fails to work and lets him do the things he shouldn’t! In the course of two weeks, working day and night, our tireless dummy elevator man puts the safety device to a test more times than it would be used in five years in actual service. He tells us how the Finding out why some of your shirts and socks wear out faster than others: part of the textile testing equipment An Interview with Dr. GeorceE K. Burcgss Director, U.S. Bureau of Standards device works when it is new, when it is worn, when it is properly greased, when it is not greased, when the air is filled with dust as in a flour or cement mill. With regard to faulty devices, he tells how many times in the next five years they may be expected to make fatal accidents possible. When the Baltimore tragedies were brought to our attention, we tested in this way every interlocking device on the market. Results of the tests were sent to all makers of interlocks as well as to elevator manufacturers. Defective de. vices were either withdrawn from the market or redesigned. Today, every elevator manufacturer in the country is equipping his elevators with dependable devices. Baltimore and other cities have written into their safety codes definite interlock specif- cations. Owners of elevators are say- ing $500,000 a year in insurance prem- ums on elevators equipped with inter locks that pass the Bureau of Stand- ards test. In short, the work of our dummy elevator boy is annually sav- ing scores, perhaps hundreds, of lives! — that is only one of more than a hundred and eighty thousand tests made at the Bureau of Standards last year. Imagine an institution with twenty great buildings and a thousand employees, half of them trained tech- nical men, physic ists, chemists, eng neers—all engaged in tearing apart, wearing out, and building anew every article you buy or use! Everything, from automobiles to sealing wax, from paper clips to photographic films building materials, tableware, writing paper, safes, watches, fire extinguishers, electric lamps, and airplanes! Look about you! Scarcely an article that y« this Bi by occ scope é lens of shoes! on wi money linings very V W ical fe crushi this n set in high. tom, » ated t in the and v The r struct ficatic actua En, bridg: delph new | What bear formi upon was s what when chine grip. colur ing n sary, more poun to kn and brid; No busi safe, artic signé tain to | ‘oun it to a “t buy: safe. Toun

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& SEREaS SSE that you can see or touch but has been to this Bureau to have its fortune told, not by occult crystal gazing but by micro- scope and test tube! W indow glass! The lens of your spectacles! Leather in your shoes! Office supplies! China! The paper on which this is printed! The paper money in your pocket! The asbestos linings of your automobile brakes! The very walls of your houses! E HAVE one machine which is among the most powerful mechan- ical forces man ever created. It has a crushing force of ten million pounds. Into this machine we feed a solid brick pier, set in cement, three feet square, nine feet high. Pressure is applied from the bot- tom, which is a movable platform oper- ated by oil pressure. At the weakest point in the pier a crack appears. It spreads and widens, usually in a zigzag course. The results are observed and charted by structural engineers for developing speci- fications that will prevent defects in actual building. Engineers building the big suspension bridge over the Delaware between Phila- delphia and Camden recently devised a new type of column, of structural steel. What such a column might be expected to bear could be figured by engineering formula, but could the formula be relied upon? One of these columns was sent to the Bureau to see what would happen to it when the giant crushing ma- chine took it in its viselike grip. It turned out that the column was equal to support- ing not only the weight neces- sary, but a hundred percent more, a matter of six million pounds. A comforting thing to know for both the engineers and the people who use the ; bridge! Nowadays, when a business man buys a safe, he purchases an article that is de- signed to meet a cer- tain hazard. If it is to be kept in sur- ‘oundings that expose it to what is known as a “two-hour” fire. he buys a “two-hour safe.” If the sur- toundings are more How fast does your shoe leather wear out? This ingenious ‘ walk- ing machine,” at the Bureau of Standards, will wear by friction two ounces off a piece of first-rate leather in two hours,—equivalent to three months’ ordinary wear POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY (Left) Crushing a con- crete cylinder to test its strength and find the safe load the fin- ished structure could carry. (Below) How airplane instruments react at altitudes up to 40,000 feet is de- termined in this low air pressure test tank inflammable, he may buy, at greater cost, a “four-hour safe.” Owing to new and more effective in- sulating materials now used between the walls of a safe, the safes of today are much lighter than formerly. How do we know that these comparatively light- weight safes give adequate protection? Here at the Bureau we have several brick buildings in which tremendous fires are created for experimental purposes. We have learned that a one-hour fire in a certain type of office building produces a temperature of 1700 degrees Fahrenheit— cherry red heat. In two hours such a fire reaches 2,000 degrees—white heat. Now, suppose we put our two-hour safe in a gas furnace and heat it to 1700 degrees; its condition is then what it would be after 59 a one-hour office building fire. Since, in an actual fire, at the end of an hour, the safe may be expected to drop to the floor below, or perhaps to the cellar, the heated safe in our test is raised by a hoist and d:opped from a height of thirty feet. After this it is put back in the furnace and heated for an hour to 2,000 degrees. N OPENING the safe, what do we find? In one experiment, we actually found that the papers inside were slightly brown and somewhat brittle, but not scorched! After such tests, of course, it is possible to say how a safe should be made to meet a definite fire hazard. Have you any idea what fire losses in the United States amount to annually? If we reckon only the property destroyed —over $500,000,000! If we include con- tingent losses, interruptions to business and the like, the total is staggering, more than $1,000,000,000! The annual loss could be represented by fire ruins in a solid row along a highway extending from New York to Chicago! One of the important investigations on which the Bureau is now engaged has to do with fire-resistant building methods. In a giant furnace we build structural members such as are used for the main support of office buildings, factories, and storehouses; and we subject them to fire under conditions that enable us to deter- mine exactly what they will stand and how they can be made more enduring. We do the same with full sized walls of houses. ONGRESS estaplished the Bureau to “maintain and construct”? standards for use in American industry and com- merce. Every year we make thousands of tests at the request of individuals, busi- ness firms, and for state and municipal authorities. But the great majority of them are for the use of the Federal Gov- ernment in purchasing supplies. Many of the items the Government buys are the same that you buy for personal use. Of course, when manufacturers, in codpera- tion with the Bureau, improve their goods to meet the requirements of the Government, they usually put the same quality of goods on the market for your use also. For such an amazing variety of tests, our experts must constantly develop new and ingenious testing machines. Many of them are inventions of a first-rate order. The wear that these ma- chines give an article imitates the wear and tear the article must endure in service. How- ever, the test is always made extremely severe so as to yield quick results. For example, one of our engineers has de- vised a “‘walking ma- method by which the durability of sole leath- er can be determined in a few hours’ time, wear- ing out the leather by friction in the way you wear it out when walk- (Continued on page 161) chine” to give us a.

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Another of Our Prize Contest The Pug ilist OPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY presents a new Stomachion contest this month. The subject for contest- ants this time is “‘sports,” and $100 in cash prizes will be awarded to those readers who submit the best original designs made from the fourteen pieces of the Archimedes puzzle game. The prizes to be awarded are listed herewith. Two previous contests had as their subjects animal and human figures. In this competition entries may include human figures, animals, or any other features relating dis- tinctly to sports or athletics. One design constitutes an entry, but any contestant may submit as many separate entries as he wishes. To make the Stomachion, draw a rectangle exactly twice as long as it is wide on a piece of cardboard or thin wood. Then, following the lines of the accompanying diagram, draw EF, AD, CE, ED. Halve the lines POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY What Can You Make of These 14 Pieces? Co J FS eS D AG, €F, CG, ED, BD, to obtain points H, J, K, M,N. Draw CH, JK, FM, MN. Now bisect KG and BN to locate Land P. Draw JL and MP; the construction is complete. Number the fourteen pieces as THE PRIZES Piret Prize ....- $23 Second Prize ... 15 Third Prize. . . . 10 Five Prizes, $5 each . 25 Ten Prizes, $2.50each 25 Total Prizes . . . $100 te Skater shown, cut them apart, and com. mence piecing them together, The pieces may be used in any position desired, even turned over on their reverse faces, provided their form and dimensions are not altered. All fourteen pieces musthe used. Each piece must be numbered according to the numbered diagram given on this page. Decisions of the judges will be based on the originality and lifelike character of the figure, and on neatness and skill in presenta- tion. The sole judges in the contest will be the Board of Editors of Pop- ULAR SCIENCE MOonruHLY, and their decisions will be final. In case of ties, the full amount of the award will be given to each of the tying entrants, You need not buy Poputar Sc- ENCE MontHLy to compete. You can borrow a copy or examine one at any office of PopuLar ScrEence Monruty or at public libraries. All entries must be mailed or de- livered not later than March 15th. New Crime Detector Betrays Heartbeats EARTBEATS magnified a hundred thousand times, and cold sweat be- trayed by a flickering beam of light, are part of an electric “‘third degree” that is the latest aid in fixing guilt upon the author of a crime. When the members of the New York Electrical Society assembled the other night at a meeting in New York City, there was a feeling of tenseness among them. Some one had commit- ted a theft. From the president’s coat, hang- ing in his office, a ten- dollar bank note was missing. The theft had been carefully planned by Dr. A. P. Link, psy- chology instructor at New York University, to test his new device. Three volunteers se- lected from his stu- dents left the audience after receiving sealed envelopes, one of which contained instructions this lot went to the president’s office, where he pocketed the crisp bank note. A burglar alarm sounded. Hastily re- treating for fear of real complications, the student found himself face to face with a policeman, who arrested him. Un- warned in advance, the student had all the sensations of a criminal caught in the act. With the other two students, and Skin Changes he returned to the waiting audience The three were lined up on the pli. form, and Dr. Link connected up his wires. Then he proceeded to quiz th suspects. Two gave straightforward # swers and showed no excitement. Ful the third was uneasy. When: bh, Link mentioned ‘“‘coat,’’ his pounding heartbeats, amplified by the elect stethoscope, — wert plainly audible, ands moving spot of lig on the opposite wil quivered. And whenth word “policeman” Wi shot at him, the mag nified sound of ii heart was like the beat ing of a bass drum while the telltale lig beam flashed det across the screen. According to} Link, the spot of lig was controlled by th lowered electrical sistance of the skint der excitement. and the heartbeali to commit the crime. Dr. A. P. Link, New York psychologist , and one of his associates, demonstrating his were utterl y beyondth The student who drew new electrical crime detector. Pounding heartbeats are amplified by the stethoscope control of the subject Marcl

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b, 19 s| hy er ot ity me S diene. 1e pla. up his uiz th ard al- t. Fut n° Dt yunding electre wert . ands flight te wal hen the in” Wu ie mat. of his re bea: le ligt POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ee Our Earth's Changing Fac Sand, rock and water shape new landscapes, sometimes overnight!— Your eating habits and your health—Some strange reptiles and fish—Other fascinating new books ‘Romance of Geology”’ By Enos A. Mills. Doubdi: Page & Co. affords! When Mr. Mills strikes rock in his explorations among the mysteries of Earth’s changing surface, romance gushes forth. He not only tells a thousand fascinating facts of geology, but be relates his own thrilling experi- ences and adventures in gathering them. Once, on the Alaskan coast, he was cast ashore sixty feet above water line by a gigantic wave caused by an iceberg that rose suddenly beneath his boat. On the Painted Desert of Arizona he nearly be- came a desert fossil himself when a sand- storm almost sealed him for thirty-six hours in a newly formed dune 200 feet long and three to eight deep. On another day, in the same desert, a cloudburst nearly overwhelmed him in a deep black- vellow flood of gravel, sand and boulders borne by the water. But he survived, to write in this book of such wonders as the following: How the Grand Canyon of the Colo- rado, “greatest production in Nature yet revealed,” has already been dipped into the ocean three times. How the steadily widening Mississippi delta will soon be as large as a small Bal- kan state. ; How camels and elephants and tigers once roamed these United States. How the Great Pyramid of Egypt was made of shellfish. Kiow our continents are sinking at the rate of a foot every 9,000 years. How the rivers of the United States annually move 513,000,000 tons of solid matter in sediment, and 270,000,000 tons of land surface in solution, back into the waters of the sea. How enough lime solution from the Kentucky caves is carried annually to the sea to supply the oyster population for three years. H are more thrills than a movie HOSE are only a few of the extraor- A dinary workings of Nature—freak- ish only to the casual eye but in reality following immutable laws—which Mr. Mills tells. There are the sandstorms of the North Carolina coast, that change the face of Nature and make new land- scapes and seascapes. There is the story of how soil is made from solid rock of a million years ago. And there are fascinat- ing tales of those mysterious and famous desert mirages. A mirage once bent rays of light around a cliff so that Mr. Mills saw a grizzly bear behind the farther end—as he proved by finding the tracks! During a range war in Wyoming, a mirage made a band of cowboy reinforcements seem twenty miles By Tuomas M. JoHNSON nearer than they were, and so put the enemy to flight. In fact, Mr. Mills, with pencil and paper, once mapped a mirage, a plateau and peak that did not exist! ‘*Hygeia, or Disease and Evolution”’ By Burton Peter Thom, M.D. Dutton’s ‘Indigestion, What It Is and How to Prevent It’’ By Arthur L. Holland, M.D. Appleton ILL man some day discover a way to make himself virtually immune to disease, by means, perhaps, of a great *‘sterilizing medicine”? ‘Fhe writer of the first of these books thinks it quite possible; he believes chemotherapy will overcome present obstacles. The physi- cian-author of the second book says most people can themselves prevent that bane of many an existence, indigestion. Right eating and right thinking have most to do with preventing digestive { From “Romance of Geology” Nature’s strange handiwork—trees, trimmed and molded into fantastic shapes by wind-blown sand troubles, Dr. Holland says. If we eat neither too much nor too little, go rather light on meat, and make up in vegetables and fruit, the digestive apparatus of most of us will work all right. Chew well, he says, but not too well; above all, don’t “‘watch your stomach work,” don’t think of your digestion, and don’t decide you “can’t eat” certain things harmless to most people, unless your doctor says you really can’t. Food phobias are established that way. He recommends rest after meals. Exercises for toning up the mus- cles are better than drugs, Dr. Holland says, and he gives a set developed espe- cially to aid digestion. Dr. Thom’s book, another of the ““To- day and Tomorrow” series, predicts new and wonderful discoveries in medicine. Light rays and rays from radioactive sub- stances will soon be used for treatment of diseases other than cancer and tuberculo- sis, he says, and “‘it is even possible that by such means all infective diseases will in time be mastered.” Dr. Thom has no apprehensions that when all disease has been eliminated and we become sick no more, man will over- populate the earth and literally eat his own head off. Improving methods of production, synthetic chemistry, and new utilization of substances present in ele- ments, he believes, will furnish man with new foods, new aids to life. ‘*The New Natural History”’ Vol. II. By Prof. J. Arthur Thomson. G. P. Putnam’s Sons ISH that climb trees and waterfalls, besides many other strange creatures of the air, earth and water, are met with in this second volume of a series of three. The climbing perch climb palmyra trees in India, using movable gill covers and spines, and sometimes go for extensive hikes on land. There is a small catfish that has odd, projecting spines with which it can climb waterfalls or dams or even walls down which water is dripping. Though they have interesting habits, fishes generally have little intelligence, Professor Thomson tells us. In bony fishes the forebrain is poorly developed. They have, however, special senses that tell them when they are nearing rocks or passing tributary streams. They taste food with various parts of their bodies— the catfish, with its tail! They may or may not be deaf, though all have ears— some seem entirely uninterested in noise. The wisdom of the serpent, we learn, is largely a myth, too. Snakes have good hereditary equipment, but show little adaptability or inventiveness. Here is what the amazing palolo worm does: In the last quarter (Continued on page 164) ) 1 | | | | \

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 19 Handy New Possibly the smallest “washing ma- chine’? made, this simple device consists of a ten-inch handle and a double vacuum cup, which you swish up and down in the water, catching the clothes each time with a churning motion. Just the thing for washing handkerchiefs, silk stockings and lingerie, it keeps the hands out of water. The handle bs- ing easily detachable ,the devicetakes up little space in the traveling bag ; c A fork that cuts like a knife is something is new in grape fruit preparers, when the fruit it is to be cut for a salad. After its odd-shaped e points have removed seeds, it cuts around t the wall of each section and lifts it out i t i Lock your door and spring this little brass clip into place in the keyhole, With this rubberized bag attached and your home is safer against in- to your vacuum cleaner, clothes truders for the night. It is designed can be thoroughly freshened and ee to hold Lege ly cana sere = aired without being taken from _ cannot urn rom e outside * or pushed out of the hole. Knobby themmaml She totes ave sngly ere ape : placed in the bag and hung with This simple jar opener tightens and hol 1 ty: ; ‘ er tig Sena SNe ee Sy th glace the air inlet facing an open win- opens, without any adjustments, to fit dow. A turn of the switch, and a ' tops of jars and bottles of any size. It whirlwind of fresh breezes rushes { also is used for lifting vacuum jar lids through the bag full of clothes Providing the salad spoon with a small hook at the end of the handle was an English inventor’s solution of that vexing problem—how to pre- vent the spoon from sliding down into the mess of mayonnaise or French dressing. Now, if the spoon slides, it catches on the end of the bowl and stays where it belongs Clouds of tobacco fumes in a room where many people are smoking can be cleared away as if by magic with this novel smoke con- sumer, according to its in- ventor. A small chemically treated ring heated by an alcohol flame does the trick, the ring continuing to glow red-hot long after : é n _ the flame has been extin- With this spring-wound stirrer, there’s no guished. Aside from its need to stand over a pot and stir it tedi- utilitarian purpose, the de- ously with a spoon. All that is necessary vice is designed to be an is to wind a spring, set the device in the attractive table ornament saucepan, and forget it until the stirring is done. The device is designed especially for mixing foodstuffs while they’re cooking

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4 197 s March, 1927 a) Ginger ale or any charged beverage is said to be kept fresh and sparkling indefinitely when this little siphon- ette is substituted for the cap after the bottle is opened. The last drink is then as effervescent as the first— besides which the device aids mix- ing when other ingredients are added Not one scale only, but all the measurements. ordinarily re- quired by the cook, are printed on the side of. this useful meas- uring glass. Thus, ‘1 pound of sugar makes a pint”’ and “Good milk contains 10 percent cream,”’ are among the bits of informa- tion printed on it in raised let- ters, with scales of teaspoon.- fuls, cupfuls, pounds and ounces POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY or the Housewife A soap holder of many uses, the device above grasps a cake of soap at the end of a handle, keeping the hands out of water; or, if soap powder is used, it holds the cloth. It is especially handy for soaping spots on the family wash; and swishing it around in a tubful or dishpanful of water makes the water soapy without put- ting the hands into the water A remedy for sink stoppages, this device loosens obstructions in the pipe by air pressure, ap- plied by hand through a rubber vacuum cup. A _ metal. disk beneath the handle causes the rubber to grip the sink firmly, forcing all the air down the outlet A closet added to the back of your closet door, this carefully planned rack provides a place for all of a man’s wardrobe: curved rods for two hats; a bar for scarfs, ties, trousers; hooks for umbrella, brush, coat; even a shoe rack! Anything from boiled eggs to hot potatoes can be picked up with these new wire tongs. The rounded jaws, affording a firm grip, the unusually long handle and the built-in spring are con- venient and novel features Toast cooked over an open fire still vies with electrically made toast for richness of flavor. This modern toasting fork, the telescoping sections of which stretch to form a conveniently long handle, toasts marshmal- lows or roasts “‘hot dogs’”’ also Trousers may be pressed without heat, after the creases have been dampened, by this web frame, which may be suspended from a coat hanger and hung in a closet. Clamped to the frame, the trousers are stretched when the frame is folded, and the two taut bands of webbing remove wrinkles and bagginess

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Sam Loyd Asks— How Fast Can Your Mind Work? Some New Brain-Teasers to Test Your Resourcefulness and Suggest the Things You Should Be Able to Do Best

Faculty of Visual Analysis N Gre is the sign of the cross in its Greek form, composed of five equal squares. Its perfect symmetry makes it peculiarly susceptible of dis- section and rearrangement into other forms. It can be converted readily into a square, two smaller crosses, a triangle, trapezoid and so on. The problem now, fairly difficult for visual analysis, is to divide the cross into three parts which, pieced together, would transform it into a rectangle twice as long as it is wide. If you can visually convert the cross into a rectangle through the medium of three pieces, your success will betoken natural ability in the science which deals with points, lines, angles, surfaces and solids. Note the time it takes you, and find your rating on page 165.

Aptitude for Mental Analysis ic SO glad I met you!” exclaimed Mrs. Smith to Mrs. Brown, encoun- tering her friend at the bargain counter. “JT want your advice about some dress goods. You see, I can get four yards more of gingham for $5.40 than I can of voile for $4.50.” “Tf you take one, of course you will regret not having selected the other,” replied Mrs. Brown. “So I advise you to take ten yards of each, which will cost $15 for the two pieces.” From this interesting colloquy, you can quickly tell the yard price of gingham and of voile, if you work with facility at fig- ures. Note how long it takes you to solve this problem, and then turn to page 165, where you will find the solution and your rating. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

1000-50-E 509 7 aby 4 4 Z 4 , Z Gj , 4 4 7 Z Z + cuesWree XSE A was:

Quickness at Following Clues OSTAL clerks become expert readers of eccentric handwriting, occasionally even of cryptographic inscriptions. For example, here is an envelope addressed in a way to confound the ordinary mortal, but which a post office expert or a detec- tive might decipher in a jiffy. Can you tell where and to whom that letter ought to go? Your quickness at solving this should be an index to your mental ingenuity. Time yourself, then turn to page 165.

Fluency in Use of Words HILE in San Francisco, some friends took me to a Chinese res- taurant to me and chop suey for the first time.” To complete the above sentence, place an appropriate word in the first blank space; then separate that word into four words and in their natural order place them all in the second blank space. This proves your skill at using words. See how long it takes, then turn to page 165. “<<

B, T. Skill at Rapid Calculating MERCHANT sprang a poser on the bank cashier when he gave him a check for $200 and said: “Please let me have some one-dollar bills; ten times as many twos as ones; and the balance in five-dollar bills.” It taxed the cashier’s skill at rapid cal- culating, and will yours, too. Time yourself and compare your rating with that on page 165.

Sense of Design and Form i is a companion piece to the . & Greek cross test. The sign of the Monad, above, is the Oriental symbol of eternity. Like all noted signs and sym. bols, it is formed on symmetrical lines and lends itself to geometrical analysis, Note that the light and dark sections are of the same shape and size. Your problem is to halve each of those halves, by drawing across the circle a continuous line that will leave its area composed of four sections, two light and two dark, all of the same shape and size. To prove that your sense of form and proportion is well developed, time your- self, then turn to page 165 for your rating,

Test of Mathematical Ability “e OW old are you, daddy?” “Well, let ussee. | Here’s a chance to learn how much arithmetic you are absorbing at school. See how quickly you can figure this out: “Your mother’s age is four times your own, and our three ages combined amount to seventy-six years. When our combined ages amount to eighty-eight years, your mother’s age will then be three times yours. Now then, how old is your daddy?” Can you give daddy his information quickly enough to prove that your arith- metical department is running smoothly? Note your time, then turn to page 165. In suggesting these tests to readers of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, Sam Loyd, most famous puzzle maker in the world, is offering something more than mere brain-teasers. As tests of your mental abilities, they are a real aid in judging your aptitude for your work.

lo) 7 © macl “ } Gus critic “ ] iti ] grow the - mig] after dro duri a to just

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” Gus diagnoses the trouble and prescribes a course of treatment for the doctor’s car POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY } f / - i an | Your Car Is As Old As You Make It The Hardest Kind of Daily Usage Needn’t Age It Unduly [If You Will Inspect and Service It Regularly, Says Gus US WILSON was exceedingly busy at the Model Garage. His partner, Joe Clark, had been wrestling with the “flu”’ for the past week, and having to do two men’s work hadn’t improved Gus’s temper. Consequently the old mechanic’s face wrinkled into a scowl when the garage door swung open to admit young Walter Sanson. “Hello, old socks!’ Sanson called out cheerily, struggling to shut the door against the heavy March wind. “Can I get a little free advice today?” “Huh!” snorted Gus. “This is one of my busy days. I ought to charge you a dollar a word. What do you want to know?” “Just look over my car and tell me if it needs overhauling. If it does, I want you to do all the hard work and I'll do the easy things myself,” suggested San- son smnilingly. “Run the bus in,” Gus ordered briefly. Sanson did as directed. Another car that had driven up at that moment fol- lowed him in, and the driver, a stranger to Gus, sat behind the wheel watching the repairman as he inspected Sanson’s machine. “How long ago did we overhaul it?” Gus inquired, listening to the motor with critical ear. “Must be nearly a year and a half now.” “I meant how many miles ago,” Gus growled. “‘Time doesn’t cut any ice. It’s the number of miles that counts. A car ‘might still be a youngster several years after it left the factory if the owner drove it only a couple of thousand miles during that time. Another bus might be a tottering old wreck in less than a year just because it had been driven several By Martin Bunn What Was Wrong With Spratt’s Car? HE name of the winner of the $25 prize for the most accurate explanation of the trouble with Spratt’s car and the best method of curing it, will appear in our next issue. The judges are now busy with the large number of entries received in this contest, which was an- nounced in the December issue. times past the ten thousand mile mark.” Sanson glanced at his speedometer. “Figuring your way, this boat is about ten thousand miles older since we over- hauled it last.” Gus prodded and poked around for several minutes. “She doesn’t need overhauling at all,” he finally announced. ““Everything seems to be tight. It wouldn’t do any harm to scrape the car- bon and grind the valves. Take it away now and don’t bother me any more. ** What can I do for you?” he continued, turning to the distinguished looking occupant of the other car. “I’m Dr. Holmes of Easton,” the stranger began, somewhat pompously. “T was visiting a patient down this way when I heard a peculiar noise in the motor, and I want you to tell me what’s the matter.” “Start her up,” suggested Gus as he raised the hood. After listening to the motor as it idled, he yanked the throttle open and shut two or three times, short- circuited the spark plugs one after an- other, and finally examined the running gear with extreme care. = ELL, Dr. Holmes,” he said as he straightened up from his in- spection, “‘this car is in bad shape. The motor needs overhauling. The brakes need relining, and there’s a whole lot of other things that ought to be attended to. When can you leave it here long enough so I can go over it carefully and make a definite estimate on the cost?” Dr. Holmes’ eyes snapped. “Stuff and nonsense!’ he retorted angrily. “‘This car was purchased new less than five months ago, and you are attempting to swindle me. Why, I just overheard you tell that young man that his car did not need any work done on it, and his car has gone at least twice as far as mine. If that’s the way you do busi- ness, I'll take the car elsewhere!” And he started to climb in behind the wheel. “Just a moment, Doctor,” said Gus. “Did you ever hear of premature old age?” “Premature old age?” repeated Dr. Holmes. “‘ What has that to do with it?” “A whole lot,” Gus asserted. “You know what happens to a young fellow if he stays out late nights and doesn’t pay any attention to (Continued on page 154)

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 1977 ‘Eight Useful Tips for Your Car A Homemade Air Valve and Other Devices a can be turned to adjust the tension of the spring. A flat spring screwed to the tee Ten Dollars for an Idea! will keep the nuts from turning. R BOETTINGER, of Union City, e N. J., wins the $10 prize this month for his suggestion of the homemade air valve (Fig. 3). Each month PopuLaR ScreNcE MontHiy awards $10 in addition to regular space rates to the reader sending in the best idea for motorists. Other published contributions will be paid for at usual rates. More Mileage on Long Runs F YOUR ear is fitted with an automatic windshield wiper of the vacuum oper. ated type, you can fit an auxiliary aj inlet to get more mileage out of your gaso. line on long runs. Connect a petcock jp the rubber hose line leading to the wiper and on long runs you can pull the end of ] the hose off the wiper and allow extra air into the manifold by adjusting the petcock. Fig. 7 shows the arrangement, ke N AUTOMOBILE valve spring | Wy yy a . . . | Y Wj, Ypp is pretty stiff and requires a lot SW Ufa VI ‘ - of energy’ to compress it. Here HW hh Ingenious Trouble Light is a simple way to compress it and keep it in that position: as long as desired without wearing out your mus- cles. As shown in Fig. 2, the bench vise supplies the leverage needed to compress A WOODEN clip of the type shown in Fig. 5 makes an excellent base for a trouble light. A socket of standard type should be attached to the clip as mapl indicated. The clip will hold on to any chani the spring with great ease, and the small pig. 1. A simple way to increase light at night Small round object, such as a wire, or on easily metal —. ag to — be to the edge of a sheet metal part. teem compressed. The spring shou eam be set in the vise jaws to a point nage p al aon 23 want) Uni | Wheel P ful slightly past the center line : niversa eel Puller fui of the spring, so that it will not NUT LOCK ANY type of wheel that is Yc bend out sidewise. Then screw SPRING | stuck on the end of a taper build a oti aN = se The axle, regardless of the size of the your rom the vise into the clip. e threaded hub, can be removed Chip with the wheel puller shown in need Fig. 4. A section of 2 by 4 inch cons lumber is drilled with a hole at calle clip can be cut out of sheet metal and bent into shape. The handle is not absolutely neces- sary, but is convenient. each end and in the center. right ll a. howe, ay aie ~ forged ps the appe Better Light in the Rain make an auto: | pee oe oe Ot one ae = OU probably have noticed matic air valve ge ‘ tt: : ‘d pe oe. in : t - Mipssr to increase your S pointed at one end ior ne that your headlights do not au \ gas mileage. use in the center. diffi seem to give nearly so much _ SPRING READY TO PUT ON VALVE Fig. 4 ee poe ight wh u are driving in versal puller ? a ligt a a Pa dry cane This i nage ogee for auto wheels Holds Carriage Bolts ta : . . olding clam w _ 1S = to = — of tte — icon oo a bolts that have geth e rain drops that collect on ve stiff valve springs worn loose in the wood are the: the glass. Each one acts like a i ia tiie’ not easy to tighten. Sheet metal al tiny lens, and the rays that glee Rg clip lock washers of the type shown of should be directed toward the mounting for in Fig. 8 will hold the bolt sta- dre: — “3 a of age a gerd eee tionary while the nut is being easi racted off in every direction * olds the lig where needed. Fig. 6 (right). Simple anti- rattler for hood set up tight. A pyramidal point should be ground on the end of ; F D aiooer the punch so that a square hole Hose (SPLIT) can be punched in the center of visi except the right one. If you will wipe the glass of the head- lights with a rag moistened with = qotyEspin S ordinary glycerin (Fig. 1), the = CLAMPED ANYWHERE ? the washer. Where there is one rain will form a smooth layer. ON CAR CARRIAGE BOLT plenty space, a piece of sheet steel anc can be used with the corners tha Homemade Air Valve oe PYRAMIDAL P turned down to grip the wood. ve Ww PROPERLY adjusted PUNCH AU) X) up points na A spring controlled air valve : Dy () Huh ON STEEL To Stop Hood Rattling ha in the manifold between the b, ii, Abe LYM PLATE 6 ace fastening arrangements for carburetor and the cylinder ft Wl 4 ZW SQUARE on the hood of the modern th head will materially increase ~K TUBE REMOVED a /SCRIBED automobile usually hold it tight an your gasoline mileage. Fig. 3 ] // FROM WIPER - x ( ON PLATE enough to prevent rattles, but ele shows how to make such a de-_ |! SA winpsHieLo ye when the fastenings wear, an- | —e from ‘van wa parts. An | VY 4 pie 3-CORNERED oying rattles sometimes de- dr ordinary solderless union tee of = !///// COCK ~ PLATE velop. A way to eliminate them bu the type used in gasoline lines TO RUNNING CONDITIONS saiiiiaiiatd is shown in Fig. 6. Take a piece forms the body. A light spring i Fig. 8. Sheet metal washers of small size garden hose the th . : am a DASH will hold loose carriage bolts ss oe and a ball bearing of suitable ; lly i length of the hood, split it with ty size are placed in each end of } mm’ “FROM INTAKE ig, 7, Simple arrangement to a knife and slip it over the lower th the tee under the nut, which MANIFOLD obtain extra mileage on long runs edge of the hood. tr

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the nt, wn ard ny rt. r Der the ed in ich er, the nd vy for ive yut an- de- em ece the ith ver Dresser HESE are fortunate days for the amateur wood- worker. Plain and home- ly woods like pine and maple—those that the home me- chanic can obtain and use most easily—are now held in high es- teem; they have returned to favor with the simple and beauti- ful early American styles of furniture. You might hesitate to begin building a mahogany buffet for your dining room in the style of Chippendale or Sheraton, but you need have no doubts in undertaking the construction of the’ pine dresser—often called a Welsh dresser—illustrated at the right. While it is a piece of the finest appearance when finished, the work in- volved is relatively simple. Straightaway carpentry rather than fine joinery is required. There are no difficult joints to be made. The parts are assembled almost wholly with plain butt joints and held with glue, nails or screws. Even the door frames can be nailed to- gether. The panels are not set in grooves; they are held in their frames by stock moldings, which serve the dual purpose of improving the appearance of the dresser and making the construction easier for the beginner. AR as the idea of simplicity has been carried in this design, no crudeness is visible when the dresser is completed. No one but yourself will know that mortise and tenon joints, dovetails, dadoes, and those refined methods of construction that delight the cabinetmaker but some- what appal the beginner, have been omitted. On the other hand, if you have had experience in the more elaborate forms of joinery, by all means use them; they will make the piece very much better and can be used in place of the more elementary methods suggested. “But why should I build a Welsh dresser when I have a perfectly good buffet?” you may ask. Because they seem to have a charm that is lacking in the common commercial types of buffet. If you had visited one of the recent exhibitions of modern indus- trial art at the Metropolitan Museum of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ome Workshop Arthur Wakeling, Editor Completed, the dresser has Colonial charm Art in New York, you would have been struck by the beauty of the plate dressers on view there. One of these is illustrated on page 88. Such pieces are representa- Front and end views of the dresser. Drawings on a larger scale, together with various full size details and a bill of materials, are contained in our Blueprint No. 60 (See page 105) This piecé is very easy to build and it has the charm of early American pine The finish may be var- nish, lacquer or enamel pieces as these, but you can make a dress- er of fine appearance that will convey the same feeling of good taste and beauty. In the drawing tive of the finest de- sign and highest crafts- manship of furniture manufacturers whose work is sought by inte- rior decorators and the more discriminating purchasers of good fur- niture. The very fact that they were admit- ted to the Metropolitan Museum indicates their high standing. You cannot, perhaps, turn out quite so finished (Continued on page 88)

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70 He Built a Little ( iRCUS- POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Model animals were gophers, which died from self- starvation or gnawed their way to freedom, and a small garter snake, released at Mother’s command. My first lighting sys- tem was a set of gasoline torches op- erated by pressure. “I was not dis- couraged by my first fire—for had not the great Barnum lost most of his show by the burning of his winter quarters long before I was born? But Mother banished me and my _ para- Joe Taggart putting the finishing touches on one of his glittering circus wagons. It is complete even to wheel brakes and loading ring TO the life of almost every normal boy comes the urge to be a clown, or trapeze performer, or ringmaster, or lion tamer. Each spring this fever rages throughout our fair land with consuming fire. Most of us, compelled by the pale com- monplace of humdrum life, outgrow this fierce call of the wild, except when the circus comes to town. But now and then a boy who cannot be a circus man and own a real, full-sized circus and is not content to play circus in his father’s barn, creates a tiny model of “The Greatest Show on Earth” and thereby gives employment to an active, inventive mind. Joe Taggart, of Rockford, IIl., is ’ one of these. Joe is in his twenty-sixth year. He began building toy circuses in his twelfth year. Now he is king of the miniature showmen. He has harnessed his imagina- tion to actuality. If you chance to visit the comfortable Taggart home and it is a day when the close-clipped grass is green, and you wander behind the Taggart garage, there you will find the “Taggart Combined Shows” pitched, and doing business in all their glittering glory. You will also find its proprietor displaying his aggrega- tion of wonders to a host of admiring neighbors. “My first ‘big top,’ ” he explains, “‘was pitched on our laundry table. My first baggage wagons and cages were cigar boxes covered by bright colored paper and mounted on roller skate wheels. My first phernalia to the outer world. Then I aban- doned the roller skates, put real wheels under starch boxes and began to approach my ideal. The wheels were made from straight-grained soft pine lumber, an inch thick, turned on a lathe, with sixteen jig-sawed spokes, and copper tubing driven through each hub for a bushing. That was a difficult part of the job, for the bushing had to be tight and many wheels were split. Once over this hurdle, I baked the wheels to drive out all moisture and prevent later warping, coated them with shellac and thick white How Imagination and Cigar Boxes Became a Complete Working March, 1977 of a “Big Top” paint—three coats—and varnish. This made them almost weatherproof, even before I had added the typical circus ‘syn. burst’ design without which no circys parade wagon is complete. “Having gotten this far, I began to build cage wagon bodies in the orthodox fashion with iron bars, shutter windows and detachable sides; heavy, carved cor. ner posts, decorative ‘sunboards’ for the top; everything decorated in red paint and gold leaf, with practical wheel brakes and brake or drag shoes such as you see hanging beneath every well-built circus wagon; removable wagon tongue, body pole, whiffletrees. I have even added to each wagon a loading ring. A loading ring is the one near the front of the wagon into which the ‘hook rope’ is fastened before the wagon is drawn up the ‘loadingj runs’ by the ‘pull-up’ team each night, or lowered down the loading runs each morning after the hook rope is snubbed around an iron capstan fastened to one of the flat cars. Me bien wagons came first in my prob- lem because a circus is nearly always in motion. If you can’t ‘move the show’ the show will go broke. It has to be moved on and off the ‘lot’ or circus ground. It also has to be moved from town to town. I covered that last feature by building Pullmans and flat cars. “One Pullman is without vestibules, which is strictly in circus form; another A general view of the circus showing the “front gate’’ or main entrance, the menagerie tent, which is the nearer one, and the “‘ big top.’? Two ticket wagons stand beside the “gate” March, sid de} an

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h, 1927 This even ;* sun. Circus an to hodox idows d cor. or the paint rakes UL see circus body led to ading f the ye” is n up team ading ope is tened prob- ways how’ ‘O be “ircus from last | flat ules, other — March, 1927 You Can Do It, To0 By EARL CHAPIN MAY has vestibules, for the bosses to ride in— fancy stuff, you see. All my Pullmans have built-in berths, circus fashion. Circus berths are always completely made up. At least the upper berths are never closed as they are in ordinary senger trains. “Each of my Pullmans is mounted on regular six-wheeled trucks, although my other circus cars have four-wheeled trucks only. The Pullmans are electric lighted and there is bedding for each berth. At one end of my circus train are the heavy runs or inclined planes over which the wagons are rolled on and off the ‘flats.’ All of the cars have automatic couplings, air hose, brakes, chains and complete workable iron detail.” ND then the casual visitor wanders through a maze of menagerie tents, side show tents with flaming banners depicting the fat boy, the tattooed lady and other wonders; horse tents and small wooden horses hitched to canvas mangers; cook tents with tables set for the hungry horde of working people and artists; a POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Fere is what the circus people call the **cookhouse’’ with its vari- ous wagons wee blacksmith tent with blazing forges, ringing anvils and enough tools to keep three Lilliputian blacksmiths busy; candy stands, hot: dog stands, ticket booths, each protected by a red umbrella; four ticket wagons all trimmed in gold, elec- trically lighted, with oval doors and glass windows. A peek under the billowing dome of the “big top,” fifteen feet long by eight feet wide, through a conveniently dropped side wall, reveals a hundred large and small supporting poles and miniature “blue” seats and well-backed “‘re- serves,” safely supported by jacks and stringers and capable of accommodating - ten thousand Lilliputian circus fans. It also reveals a wealth of aerial apparatus —nets, trapezes, rings for gymnastic work, three complete sets of aerial rigging for the “flying return” acts, three curb rings and a hippodrome track, a steel arena for performing animals over which hangs a cone net, two stages and a mighty company of aerialists, clowns, acrobats, knights and ladies in “old English” costumes going through the Loading the show on the train, which has both Pullmans and “flats” and is equipped with automatic couplings, air hose and brakes. You can see the torches, if you look sharp Standing in front of the menagerie tent are the animal cages and at the left is the banner line, each banner a perfect miniature evolutions of the “grand entry.” There are also beautiful equestriennes, cowboys and cowgirls, a burlesque police patrol, and a bandstand. There is an infinite detail about the- tiny Taggart Shows.. There are two gen- erator wagons, each with miniature but powerful beacons, run at high speed by toy electric motors, which look like dynamos, driven by dummy six-cylinder gasoline engines. There is a stake driver, an accurate replica of the real machine, operating on the pile-driver principle; a water tank, a calliope, and a wee motor truck to haul the heavier wagons. The tents, of light canvas, are made “‘ weather worn”’ by judicious use of oil and soil, and ribbed with rope to prevent tearing in stormy weather. These tents are pulled to the “peaks” of the center poles by regulation block and tackle. It is all very lifelike and practical. Do you peer under the menagerie tent, you see a herd of elephants safely picketed. In the fourteen dens are mon- keys, bears, lions and other wild animals. A long-necked giraffe is at ease in its carefully padded cell. “Sacred” cows and other “led animals” are tethered “for to admire and for to see.” The exhibit is uncannily like the real thing. Around the dressing tents and padroom are washboards and washtubs. Gay circus costumes hang, drying, on conven- ient guy lines. Actors lounge in camp chairs, as is their wont, awaiting their turns in the “big top.” Wardrobe and property men are hustling spangled gar- ments and trappings out of red and gold wardrobe wagons. UT it is in the mechanical part of his counterpart of the “Greatest Show on Earth” that Joe Taggart proves him- self a realist in the land of make-believe. He loads his show with that precision which couples “circus” and “efficiency” in the public mind. Each wagon is numbered by departments. The ten wagons in the cookhouse department, which is department No. 1, are numbered 11,” “12,” etc. Into them go the tiny tents, steam kettles, tablecloths and dishes. Each wagon in the horse and stock department, which is department No. 2, is numbered “21,” “22,” ete. Joe’s passion for detail is carried to numbering each manger for each horse. But the lighting department awakens, perhaps, the most enthusiasm. “When I had (Continued on page 112)

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70 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 1927 He Built a Little ( ircUS- which died from self- starvation or gnawed their way to freedom, and a small garter snake, released at Mother’s command. My first lighting sys- tem was a set of gasoline torches op- erated by pressure. “IT was not dis- couraged by my first fire—for had not the great Barnum lost most of his show by the burning of his winter quarters long before I was born? But Mother banished me and my _para- Joe Taggart putting the finishing touches on one of his glittering circus wagons. It is complete even to wheel brakes and loading ring NTO the life of almost every normal boy comes the urge to be a clown, or trapeze performer, or ringmaster, or lion tamer. Each spring this fever rages throughout our fair land with consuming fire. Most of us, compelled by the pale com- monplace of humdrum life, outgrow this fierce call of the wild, except when the circus comes to town. But now and then a boy who cannot be a circus man and own a real, full-sized circus and is not content to play circus in his father’s barn, creates a tiny model of ‘The Greatest Show on Earth” and thereby gives employment to an active, inventive mind. Joe Taggart, of Rockford, Ill. is one of these. Joe is in his twenty-sixth year. He began building toy circuses in his twelfth vear. Now he is king of the miniature showmen. He has harnessed his imagina- tion to actuality. If you chance to visit the comfortable Taggart home and it is a day when the close-clipped grass is green, and you wander behind the Taggart garage, there you will find the “Taggart Combined Shows” pitched, and doing business in all their glittering glory. You will also find its proprietor displaying his aggrega- tion of wonders to a host of admiring neighbors. “My first ‘big top,’ ” he explains, “was pitched on our laundry table. My first baggage wagons and cages were cigar boxes covered by bright colored paper and mounted on roller skate wheels. My first phernalia to the outer world. Then I aban- doned the roller skates, put real wheels under starch boxes and began to approach my ideal. The wheels were made from straight-grained soft pine lumber, an inch thick, turned on a lathe, with sixteen jig-sawed spokes, and copper tubing driven through each hub for a bushing. That was a difficult part of the job, for the bushing had to be tight and many wheels were split. Once over this hurdle, | baked the wheels to drive out all moisture and prevent later warping, coated them with shellac and thick white animals were gophers, How Imagination and Cigar Boxes Became a Complete Working Model of a “Big Top” paint—three coats—and varnish. This made them almost weatherproof, even before I had added the typical circus * sun- burst’ design without which no circus parade wagon is complete. “Having gotten this far, I began to build cage wagon bodies in the orthodox fashion with iron bars, shutter windows and detachable sides; heavy, carved cor- ner posts, decorative ‘sunboards’ for the top; everything decorated in red_ paint and gold leaf, with practical wheel brakes and brake or drag shoes such as you see hanging beneath every well-built circus wagon; removable wagon tongue, body pole, whiffletrees. I have even added to each wagon a loading ring. A_ loading ring is the one near the front of the wagon into which the ‘hook rope’ is fastened before the wagon is drawn up the ‘loading: runs’ by the ‘pull-up’ team each night, or lowered down the loading runs each morning after the hook rope is snubbed around an iron capstan fastened to one of the flat cars. HE wagons came first in my prob- lem because a circus is nearly always in motion. If you can’t ‘move the show’ the show will go broke. It has to be moved on and off the ‘lot’ or circus ground. It also has to be moved from town to town. I covered that last feature by building Pullmans and flat ‘ars. “One Pullman is without vestibules which is strictly in circus form; another See A general view of the circus showing the “front gate’’ or main. entrance, the menageri¢ tent, which is the nearer one, and the “ big top.”” Two ticket wagons stand beside the “gate a ag - Wag is has fanc hav Cir mac nev Pas: m regi © othe only and one runs All « ar Worl side depi and Woo COL k hord DA al | omer

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March, 1927 By EARL CHAPIN el In- “Us to lox WS ‘Or- the int kes has vestibules, for the bosses to ride in— see fancy stuff, you see. All my Pullmans Cus have built-in berths, circus fashion. ody Circus berths are always completely | to made up. At least the upper berths are ling never closed as they are in ordinary the 799 passenger trains. "33 =“ Each of my Pullmans is mounted on up regular six-wheeled trucks, although my ealll other circus cars have four-wheeled trucks ding only. The Pullmans are electric lighted e 1s and there is bedding for each berth. At ned one end of my circus train are the heavy runs or inclined planes over which the wagons are rolled on and off the ‘flats.’ rob- All of the cars have automatic couplings, ways air hose, brakes, chains and complete now’ workable iron detail.”’ :) be ircus ND then the casual visitor wanders from through a maze of menagerie tents, last side show tents with flaming banners flat depicting the fat boy, the tattooed lady and other wonders; horse tents and small yules, wooden horses hitched to canvas mangers; other cook tents with tables set for the hungry horde of working people and artists; a You Can Do It, Too MAY POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Here is wnat the circus people call the **cookhouse’”’ with its vari- ous wagons wee blacksmith tent with blazing forges, ringing anvils and enough tools to keep three Lilliputian blacksmiths busy; candy stands, hot dog stands, ticket booths, each protected by a red umbrella; four ticket wagons all trimmed in gold, elec- trically lighted, with oval doors and glass windows. A peek under the billowing dome of the “big top,” fifteen feet long by eight feet wide, through a conveniently dropped side wall, reveals a hundred large and small supporting poles and miniature “blue” seats and well-backed “‘re- serves,”’ safely supported by jacks and stringers and capable of accommodating ten thousand Lilliputian circus fans. It also reveals a wealth of aerial apparatus —nets, trapezes, rings for gymnastic work, three complete sets of aerial rigging for the “flying return” acts, three curb rings and a hippodrome track, a steel arena for performing animals over which hangs a cone net, two stages and a mighty company of aerialists, clowns, acrobats, knights and ladies in “‘old English” costumes going through the e. ‘* ¥ Loading the show on the train, which has both Pullmans and “‘flats’”’ and is equipped with automatic couplings, air hose and brakes. You can see the torches, if you look sharp Standing in front of the menagerie tent are the animal cages and at the left is the banner line, each banner a perfect miniature evolutions of the “grand entry.”’ There are also beautiful equestriennes, cowboys and cowgirls, a burlesque police patrol, and a bandstand. There is an infinite detail about the tiny Taggart Shows. There are two gen- erator wagons, each with miniature but powerful beacons, run at high speed by toy electric motors, which look like dynamos, driven by dummy six-cylinder gasoline engines. There is a stake driver, an accurate replica of the real machine, operating on the pile-driver principle; a water tank, a calliope, and a wee motor truck to haul the heavier wagons. The tents, of light canvas, are made “‘ weather worn” by judicious use of oil and soil, and ribbed with rope to prevent tearing in stormy weather. These tents are pulled to the “peaks” of the center poles by regulation block and tackle. It is all very lifelike and practical. Do you peer under the menagerie tent, you see a herd of elephants safely picketed. In the fourteen dens are mon- keys, bears, lions and other wild animals. A long-necked giraffe is at ease in its carefully padded cell. “Sacred” cows and other “led animals” are tethered “for to admire and for to see.” The exhibit is uncannily like the real thing. Around the dressing tents and padroom are washboards and washtubs. Gay circus costumes hang, drying, on conven- ient guy lines. Actors lounge in camp chairs, as is their wont, awaiting their turns in the “big top.””. Wardrobe and property men are hustling spangled gar- ments and trappings out of red and gold wardrobe wagons. UT it is in the mechanical part of his counterpart of the “Greatest Show on Earth” that Joe Taggart proves him- self a realist in the land of make-believe. He loads his show with that precision which couples “circus” and “efficiency” in the public mind. Each wagon is numbered by departments. The ten wagons in the cookhouse department, which is department No. 1, are numbered “11,” “12,” ete. Into them go the tiny tents, steam kettles, tablecloths and dishes. Each wagon in the horse and stock department, which is department No. 2, is numbered “21,” “22,” ete. Joe’s passion for detail is carried to numbering each manger for each horse. But the lighting department awakens, perhaps, the most enthusiasm. “When I had (Continued on page 112)

Page 76

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 1927 , {| ee } > —_ FHS Pin) hid S ot \ > SOC 2 PAE TORK Test — sli rte 4h yf . 4 oe a | ee Rigging Plan Fig. 1. This drawing is a simplified plan based upon a Government rigging plan of the Constitution. It appears full size on our Blueprints Nos. 58 and 59 (see page 105), on which are a number of other views of the rigging. Note the scale in inches be- low this much reduced plan “O/d Lronsides” By Capt. EK. A. McCann UST as the famous old _ frigate Constitution lies in the Charlestown (Boston) Navy Yard awaiting re- construction this spring, countless little models of her are lying in the miniature dockyards of those readers of PoruLarR Scrence Montuty who have been following this series of articles. These miniature men-o’-war by this time are complete as to hull and fittings; the lowermasts and bow- sprits are shipped; and the fittings are ready for installation. If by any chance you missed the preceding articles in January and February, yet would like to build a model of ** Old Tronsides,”’ you can do so by sending for Blueprints Nos. 57, 58 and 59, listed on page 105. These contain full size drawings of the hull, fittings and rigging and a list of materials everything a reasonably ingenious man ieeds to know about the construction of the model. With the bowsprit in place, we now add the bowsprit shrouds (Figs. 1 and 4). ‘These as well as the bobstays and all the lower rigging—the lower and topmast in Miniature How to Complete Your Model of the Historic Frigate CONSTITUTION stays and backitays—should be of a good quality cord, such as sixteen-thread linen fishing cord, which is about as thick as ten sheets of this magazine. Dye it black. The bowsprit shrouds are seized (bound) to staples in the hull just forward of the first guns; the other ends have deadeyes seized in. Through _ these deadeyes and those at the sides of the bowsprit, lanyards are rove by which they are drawn tight, with the bowsprit fairly in line with the keel. The two bobstays are seized to the holes in the cutwater and similarly drawn tight to the deadeyes under the sprit Now we proceed to stay the masts in position. The main is, perhaps, the best to start with. Place the top in position; then bring a cord down from the mast- head on either side, tying the ends to gun ports (Fig. 3). Have the masthead truly amidships. Bring another cord from the same place around beneath the bowsprit to preserve the fore-and-aft angle of five degrees. These temporary stays should be applied to each mast, before setting uP the rigging. It will now be necessary to make 4 number of dead- — (Continued on page 82)

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ood nen : as ick. ized ard ave hese the hich prit the awl ie 's in best on; iast- gun ruly . the sprit March, 1927 Upon such scientific achievements as the cathode-ray oscillograph —lightning’s camera— is the confidence in Gen- eral Electric equipment founded. Many of these achievements are better known. The modern developments in x-ray, the service that has made MAZDA lamps a staple of commerce, the modern small motor that has taken drudgery out of household work—these are some of the mile- stones of progress. ee When lightning POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY seems as slow as a glacier It is easy to photograph a glacier because it moves but a few feet a year. But to photograph the effects of lightning on electric circuits—effects that come and go in millionths of a second—would seem impossible. Yet there is a man-made machine operated in the laboratories of the General Electric Company that does just this. It makes even lightning seem slow. In the machine a swift-moving stream of electrons flashes across a photographic film. It dances out of its path when the freakish currents, caused by lightning, surge along the wires. There on the film is the footprint of lightning. It has made possible a study of the working of a lightning arrester—the ingenious device that protects the costly equip- ment of the power house as well as the very lights in your home. Above is one of the photographs— oscillograms they are called. The jagged curve is produced by the light- ning. The surge traveled at the rate of thirty miles a second but it was recorded, and in the amazingly short time of one-millionth of a second. | GENERAL ELECTRIC ke @ 1€ 82) © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY How to Protect Your Home from he Ravages of Dry Rot Simple Measures to Check the Fungi That Attack Woodwork with Amazing Destructiveness By Norman C. McLoup 4 Pa 7 a nll : ff Hos bmp tty BEARING post) ~ PN Yt mor LS eo Di ZA CELLAR FLOOR FOOTING TEMPORS SUPPO RT WEDGE Wooden bearing posts should be supported on concrete bases so that moisture cannot come in contact with them Y NEXT door neighbor was in distress over the settling of his house and the cracking of the plaster. Wide fissures had ap- peared in walls and ceilings throughout the dwelling, and there was every sign that the structure was coming apart before its allotted time. The house was comparatively new. Its substantial construction had — been strongly emphasized by the develop- ment company that had built it and several dozen others in an attractive suburb. Within less than three vears the structure had reached the stage in which the owner declared that it was in dan- ger of falling to pieces. “And I haven't even got it paid for!” he lamented, “How about rotted timbers?” “Have you kind?” “Of course not,” he replied with the superior air that even the best neighbors may assume. ‘There's not been time for the stuff to rot. It’s just because the house wasn't put together to last. It was made only to sell.” “Suppose we have a look, anyway,” I ‘You never can tell about I asked. looked for things of that suggested. decay.’ Ten minutes later I showed him how the uprights in his cellar were rotting at the bottom, where they rested on the concrete floor. “"y HAT’S that got to do with the ceiling and walls?’ ’** the owner in- quired. ‘The same thing a broken leg has to do with your ability to run a footrace,” I retorted. “You can’t expect your walls to remain solid when the supports give way beneath ‘em.” My diagnosis was the result of an experience of my own, in which sim- ilar conditions had existed. The incident had cost me quite a bit of my salary, but it had taught me a lesson about decay, with the result that I had learned to look for rot where none was to be expected. After examining all the uprights and finding all of them rotting at the bottom, the householder conceded the truth of every- thing [ had said about de- cayea timbers. All he now needed was the application of remedies within the reach of every owner of a small home. Knowing that he was a handy man I suggested that he ap- ply the treatment himself. The first step was to place a temporary support near the first upright to be treated; this served as a crutch to take the load from the permanent post, which was taken out and cut off 5 or 6 in. from the bottom. The amputation took away the portion that had decayed and left a fresh end. On the floor the home owner built up a 5-in. bulge of concrete on which the support could rest when it was placed back in position. Ample time was al- lowed for thorough drying before the upright was replaced; that was to pre- vent the moisture from penetrating up into the timber from the concrete. ourtesy U. S. Forest Products Laboratory A small strip of wood extending from the ground into the wall allowed dry rot fungus to enter this bungalow, destroying the floor and extending more than 6 ft. up the walls March, 1927 The purpose of the island was purely protective. Any moisture that might gather on the basement floor, especially in the spring season, would not affect the wood. If the same precaution had been taken when the house was built, the ex- pense would have been negligible and the rot insurance almost perfect. ECAY is one of the largest single causes of destruction in lumber and timbers used for permanent construction. In point of importance it is the greatest menace of all, aside from fire, flood and tornado. Rot creeps in wherever it has a chance—and the opportunities are many. The hazard is one that has escaped official recognition. Building codes pro- vide regulations covering wiring, plumb- ing, and protection against fire and col- lapse, but there is little or no attention to the prevention of decay. This is left to individual judgment, sometimes with dis- astrous results. On this subject I have the statement of C. J. Humphrey, an eminent pathologist of the U. S. Bureau of Plant Industry. “I do not hesitate to say,” Mr. Humphrey told me, “that if full advan- tage were taken of the technical knowledge at present available, decay could practi- cally be eliminated as an important factor in the life of buildings. Theory and ob- servation alike prove that buildings can be erected in any part of the country which, with only minor external repairs necessitated by exposure to weather, will give service until they become obsolete.” Decay is caused by the development, within the fibers or cells of the wood, of the minute organisms known as wood- destroying fungi. These often appear on the surface of infected or decayed wood as cottony growths or as papery which also may fill the cracks of the de- cayed material. Under the microscope the substance resembles cotton threads. These threads penetrate into the wood and dissolve its substance by the secre- tion of ferments. sheets, CCORDING to Mr. Humphrey, ret is impossible in the absence of moisture. ‘To the householder this may be hard to believe, when he finds that decay has attacked apparently dry tim- bers in portions of his dwelling where there is no chance for the collection of moisture. His discovery may involve an outbreak © rot in an inner wall on the third floor of his house, 30 ft. from the basement floor. If he were a pathologist he would know that the trouble actually originated down in the cellar and = (¢ ‘'ontinued on page 104)

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March, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY A NEW WAY for Popular Science Readers to Make Their Homes More Beautiful pe made attractive with Celoid and KY ANIZE Decals —Balkan design. Our latest book, ‘*The Charm of Painted Things,’’: twenty-four pages with many beautiful color illustrations, tells among other things not only how to paint but how to decorate furniture with KYANIZE Celoid Finish, also how to make your floors look new with KYANIZE Floor Enamel. I used KYANIZE Celoid Finish enables vou to re- and silhouette decorations can be apphied ina Kyanize a, 1 13 : i claim old, discarded, mismated pieces of furni- minute or two, by just slipping them off the t ture and transform them into brightly tinted, moistened paper directly onto the surface you CELOID FINISH ecry units that will beautify any room. have tinted. They are as amazing in results as 5 ee KYANIZE Celoid Finish is an opaque, medium they are simple in application. the beautiful results rlo umel that brushes on easily, dries quickly ee, IR so obtained so easily KYANIZE Floor Enamel is the all-around s a rich, velvet-like, ‘*hand-rubbed”’ rdv. elastic and waterproof. Evenold floor coating. It is equally effective indoor or valnut or dingy oak hide their gloomy out, on stone, cement, concrete, wood or old irfaces behind one or two coats of KYANIZE _ pattern-worn linoleum. It doesn’t matter how { Finish. Ideal also for tinting woodwork badly worn, scratched, scarred or stained an old valls. Comes in twelve delightful tints floor happens to be. In 24 hours you can trans- vourself can mix a wide variety of addi- form it into a new, permanently bright, spotless s with ease. , area—proof against water, weather, wear—even the corroding effects of acid. Nine solid colors ZE Decal Transfers—fully described in enable vou not only to paint old floors but to ‘he Charm of Painted Things,’’ add decorate them as well in varying patterns. Excel- | touch of beauty to articles refinished — lent, too, for porch, lawn and garden furniture; KYANIZE Celoid. These exquisite floral farm wagons, gear and implements. For our newest book, illustrated in colors, ‘‘“The Charm of Painted SPECIAL $1.00 OFFER Things.”’ Tells how to accomplish . ; mE? - delightful finishing effects at home. r cannot supply you, send us his name Orange, Grey, Gulf Blue, Mellow Cream, Niagara o ‘ We will forward, prepaid, a full pint Green, Dixie Grey, Havana Brown, Granite ope ‘ ( f esther KY {NIZE Celoid Finish (solid cover- Grey, India Buff, Chinese Red and Pure White. ids. ‘ ! KYANIZE Floor Enamel (solid covering), a ©KYANIZE Floor Enamel Colors: Dust Drab, ood Se ne: to apply it, and the neu book, “The Charm Light Yellow, Warm Grey, Navy Grey, Dark cre- } ted Things'’—all for $1.00. State color Yellow, Rich Red, Tile Green, Golden Brown, aesty KYANIZE Celoid Tints: Sunset Pink, Mahogany Red a Boston Varnish Company 721 Everett Station Boston, Mass., U.S.A. of nay hat ‘im- 1ere ure. k of r of oor. now we | VARNISHES & ENAMELS ()-Floors~Furniture-Woodwork 104) © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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76 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ‘Better Shop Method I How Expert Mechanics Save Sime and Labor S March, 1°27 ASCOM’S door, with “Superin- tendent”’ painted across it, was usually open, so it happened that as he closed his little black note- book, he looked up to see his friend, Henry Davis, standing before him. “Selling lots of steel these days, Henry?” Bascom asked. “Why, of course!” Davis laughed, in mock astonishment at the query. “All the big fellows use my steel.” “Well, if you don’t watch out, Henry, you won't be able to sell steel many more years,’ Bascom retorted facetiously. ‘* With the grinding machines coming into use as they are, we will be grind- ing everything before long. I want to tell you about the latest we have in that line. You re- member when you were here last I showed you that big new surface grinder that we put in to finish some machine bases?” Davis nodded quickly. By JAMES ELLIS Fig. 1. Motor- i driven hand saw with a telescopic = } guard for safety roa ih great big solid wheel, we have a cast-iron chuck that holds segments of abrasive material. The abrasive segments cost less than a solid wheel, and we can use them up almost completely. for they can be reset in the chuck several times. Here is one of the chucks off the machine.” They looked at the chuck (Fig. 5, page 120). “Well, it’s doing fine, and we are running it at lower cost than before. Now I could easily figure out what it saves me in tool steel, but that is not the point. We have put a new wheel on it. [ want you to see it.” Together they walked into the plant and Bascom led the way to where the surface grinder was merrily at work. “Now, in place of using a Fig. 3. Heavily built open-side planer, notable for the conven- controls Fig. 2. Indexing chuck on a turret lathe arranged for machin- ing both sides of parts such as valve gates without resetting feed Ways to Save Money ia Your Shop Improved Segmental Grinding Wheel—Indexing Chuck for Turret Lathe—Surface Grinder—Electric Hand Saw—Other New Ideas This particular one had six segments held in with as many bolts and clamps. “These segments are arranged to be clamped solidly against the in- side of the chuck rim,” Bascom explained, “ and are driven by solid lugs so that friction is not depended upon to hold them in place. “Something else - Bascom continued. “You know that grind- ing wheels are fragile, and can be crushed or broken, so the makers of this chuck have pro- vided some bronze rockers that will distribute the pres- sure of the clamps over sev- eral points on the segment; that prevents breakage. The bolts are made of stainless steel, so they, too, will not rust.” Davis slapped Mr. Bascom on the shoulder and exclaimed: “I knew wed get vou! ! We make the stainless steel for bolts such as these, so even here in your grinding you can’t get away from us! O F COURSE we do use some tool steel,” Bascom admitted with a smile, “otherwise you would forget us. Let me show you a new tool that we have put in that may use a lot of it. I do not mean that it will waste steel, but it is big enough and strong enough to break a good husky tool.” Some distance away was a new planer (Fig. 3), and the two looked at it for a while. **Remember the ancient planer in the shop where we worked in the old days?” Bascom asked. * You can easily see how far we have come along in the matter of planers. a distance you M To look at it from (Continued on page 119) ANY time-saving shop ideas are contained in the continuation of the Better Shop Methods Department, to be found on pages 114 to 122. the kee and leat but!

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serch, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 77 t is... fide J ilar “Have you got thes new ones?” ‘‘A man’s got to keep up-to-date these days or he’ll find himself out of luck. And th’ only way t’ denier do it is t’ keep his tool kit up- Every man who uses a ‘a steel square will want to-date. these handy little attach- caagael in bs plea mal ‘*Take these new Starrett’s. Every but they're mighty convenient “y one of ’em a real help to a man ‘'S to have. ° who wants to do his work better, quicker and easier. They keep you a jump ahead of the other fellow.”’ See these new Starrett Tools at your hardware store. Write us for full information and Catalog 23«w’ F “i aca THE LS. STARRETT CO. yi a = Klip ” I nig pr han Unescetted / No. 151 Hacksaw Frame Sas zs Steel Tapes — Standard for Accuracy . y The Klip will appeal ATHOL, MASS. 57() Designed for work in F to the thousands of men y close quarters. Handy Z who always carry a rule (e- around the house and in their pocket. car, too. Starrett Tools he Id ly he ym 19) No. 520 Stainless Steel Tape No. 22-C New Drill A tape that cannot Point Gage rust. No need to scour Combines a_ handy No. 66 Thickness Gage the figures off trying to drill point gage for small ws eep it clean. In 50, 75, drills with hook rule, Has twenty six leaves ' and 100 ft. lengths with plain rule, depth gage, iin aueiauiiibei of eather case and push try square and slide 8 P nt, button handle, caliper. from .0015 to .025. 22. © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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78 @ A real Finishing Hammer-—and it’s a Cheney. The extremely slender handle on the Cheney Fin- ishing Hammer— abrand new idea— hasaspring which causes quick re- bound from the nail. The high crown face on the driving end prevents surface marking. For finishing work you won’t find another hammer like the Che- ney. It’s just the sort of ham- mer you’ve always wanted for driving finishing nails. And it pulls ’em just as well as it drives ’em. Besides, this new Finishing Hammer has all the other Che- ney Hammer features, from the tool steel head and the hickory handle with its “Never Slip” grip, to the famous Cheney “hang” that you never can find in any other hammer. It’s a new one—and a good one. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY | c ID you ever price fine tables of this general style at the furniture store? Would you believe, then, that this drawing is from a photograph of a table that cost for all materials, includ- ing some millwork on the top and ends, only $9.20? Even Reese Can Build This MASSIVE LIBRARY TABLE By Hersert C. McKay O MATTER how little experience N you may have had in woodwork- ing, you can undertake the con- struction of the table illustrated with every assurance of success. When com- pleted it will compare favorably in ap- pearance with expensive pieces sold in furniture stores. One of these tables, made entirely of cypress, cost $9.20 for all materials, and that included the band sawing of the end pieces and the gluing up of the top at the mill. For those who own tools for joining the top and sawing the ends, the cost might be kept within $4 or $5; prices, however, depend a good deal upon local conditions. Other woods, such as chest- nut, whitewood or oak, may be used. The top is made of two pieces, each 1% in. thick, 1 ft. wide and 5 ft. long. The joint is tongued and grooved, then glued. The ends are sawed from 2-in. stock. The 4%-in. straight section at the top of the ends is to take the aprons or side rails. By this method of construction there are but two apron pieces needed instead of four. The base pieces are sawed from 3 by 3 in. stock. The cross brace is a cypress two by four, 3 ft. 11 in. long; the aprons are 1 by 4 by 4 ft. 2 in. HE first step is to smooth all the pieces. The scrolled ends will have fairly deep saw marks along the edges. As a rasp on this soft wood will leave marks almost as bad as the saw, the first smoothing cut is made with a half-round bastard file. This removes the ridges, but leaves the deeper saw marks. Divide a sheet of heavy window glass into pieces about 2 by 6 in. Hold one almost flat against the wood and pull it toward you. A thin shaving will be cut | from the wood and in a short time the sav March, 1927 marks will be gone. Now hold the glass | uprightand useit (Continued on page 80 —— EDGE VIEW OF ——| END] PIECE ae mers === = Make a full size paper pattern of the ends and feet to guide in sawing them to shape © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. __—_—¥j Mai a B j |—hCUra os | | 7 { i 4 a “% ny | : | - 4 6 ae ; 3 i 4 bog Bae | ee Fe a t Be SS Pos | } ' ' —— —

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March, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

There are over 400 different Brown & Sharpe Micrometers, Sizes may be had to measure from 0 to 7 aT «

< SS Vernier gradua- . \ tions, machine cut, \ are uniformly ac- \ 4 ~» curate for fine measurements.

i Nearly 200 different a styles and sizes of oie Calipers and Di-

Everywhere the Brown & Sharpe trade mark is recognized as THE WORLD’S STANDARD OF ACCURACY The world of mechanics, toolmakers, stu- dents, motor service and repairmen—the man of skill and training—invariably looks viders that meet all requirements. 1 it cut i saw lass | 80) 7 Brown & Sharpe Com- bination Squares, Sets and Protractors are re- liable precision tools, Over 400 different styles

ro for the Brown & Sharpe trade-mark when selecting precision tools. "™m This trade-mark is symbolic of the highest standard 1 Pe Pp of accuracy to the world of which we speak—a i hye world accustomed to dealing in thousandths of an “pe! mm, , , ‘ iii eee inch and often in one ten-thousandths of an inch. and fifty different 9 Pr rules—their accurate § ” ee machine divided i 7 The accuracy of Brown & Sharpe precision tools — " has made their name synonymous with “standard” wherever such tools are used. It has always been the custom of Brown & Sharpe to sell its precision tools through hardware and supply dealers. Your dealer carries them. Let him supply your needs and ask him for a No. 30 catalog. Speed indicators, and test indicators for nearly every ree juirement, BROWN € SHARPE TOOLS BROWN & SHARPE MFG. CO., Providence, R. 1, U.S. A. ——

NS

|

1S) This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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A new light will dawn on your shaving problem when you strop a NEW blade Most men think that a new blade right out of the wrapper will give the finest safety razor shave possible. It doesn't. To give the best results, a safety razor lade, like the blade of an old-fashioned razor needs stropping before you first use it—and regularly thereafter. Here’s what Mr. Megrund says: “When I used the Twinplex stropped blade you sent me, I at once noticed it had a keener edge than any new blade I had used and decided to get a Twinplex although I was skeptical as to whether I, myself, could put such an edge on a blade. But now that I have tried it and find that I can strop my own blades and really improve a new one, I°ll say I would not sell it for any price if I could not get another, as it isthe best aid tosmooth shaving I ever had.” (Signed) # paste or liquid wax applied with a rag and polished with a soft cloth. Do not | wax the entire table before polishing; wax | 7 a portion and polish, then proceed to || another portion. Two coats of wax thor- oughly polished will give a beautiful and | enduring finish.

Wallboard Used As Substitute for Blueprint Frame FTEN the home work- man would like to make one or more blueprints of a drawing he has prepared, but is prevented from doing so. by the lack of a printing frame. By a sim- ple method, how- ever, he can make his prints without a frame. A piece of fiber wallboard of a size a little larger than the tracing is obtained. First the processed or prepared blueprint paper and then the tracing are || placed on this wallboard and held by|% me.ns of spring clothespins. The board || is bent to a slight curve and held with wires as shown. Then the whole is ex- posed to the light in the usual manner.— | W. J. Epmonps, Jr.

WALLBOARL CLOTHESPINS Pow to make a blue- print in an emergency

Drying Shoes Electrically WHEN shoes, rubber boots or overshoes are damp inside, they may be dried thor- oughly in half an hour, I have found, by | § means of a lighted electric bulb on an|§ extension cord. The heat is so mild that the lamp may be inserted directly in the) § shoe or boot.—H. J. VALLENER. o————7

© This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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197 9) March, 1927 ide | POSS 3 cks |B ugh | lled | a hatchet. and a the | the are ter a hard day at sheeting. are. |i may | 4o years, enclosed find mon- ey for another. Ernest Gustavson, Kane, Pa., says: Enclosed find check for $6.45 for which please send me 2 12-0z. and 1 16-0oz. Hammers. |) I would like to see a dealer ge "> here, as I know they sell. This | a } makes 19 I have bought. hp ') Thisis the Reason Why Lhor- : Many DEALERS and |) have ordered 8 times in a few } months and one - WHOLESALER ite || | ordered 23 freight shipments '@ between March 12 and Dec. 7, 1926. 4 An Estwing Unbreakable “ Tool for Every Need = Best for Electricians, Gas Fitters, etc. oe Grip is a non-conductor of electricity, ae heat or cold. t RD PINS a Scout Ax, sporty appeal and absolute set dependability. Thin easy cutting bit. ; Unsurpassed for hikers. vared PX ‘ g are | r —— ie d by | \ yoard ui. oa | : with es U:il-Ax has many practical uses, the S ex |i wil” tempered claw at end of handle er] wil get any nail anywhere, prying agrening clenched nails etc. The 9 pulls staples, opens boxes etc. hin easy cutting bit. Indispensable for , touring, farm, home, camp, store. shoes thor- d, by yn an | that ; ae : ae nin Bit, easy cutting, easy grinding. ——— © This seal on a radio, a I am very pleased with your hammer and am getting I find the hammer perfectly balanced and it is the first one that does not give me wrist ache af- G. Anderson, Minneapolis, Minn., says: Yours is the most remarkable hammer I know of, a perfect wonder, just what I have been waiting for, for POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Enjoy the Satisfaction and pride of owning these Guaranteed Unbreakable tools, they GIVE YOU the highest standing in your trade by using them &rOss Mr. Robert Currie, Rahway, N. J., says: acquered. ESTWING P UnBREAKABL are the new era PATENTED tools being rapidly adopted by the Carpenters. Used by large industries where all others failed, Approved by university and wholesalers labor- atories. Selling fast by the hardware trade because: 1. The handle can never break, loosen or splinter, 2. Easier and surer drive. 3 Finest grip and feel. 4. Unsurpassed temper. §. Weather proofed. ©. Appearance as superior as the quality. 7. Saves their cost many times over in easier work, freedom from delays. trouble and ex- pense. We made them for YOU if YOU want the BEST. Waiting is wasting; we guarantee satisfaction or refund your money in 30 days if you wish. Show this to your dealer, he will be pleased to serve you. Or send money with order, enclose 15¢ extra for each tool ordered which pays postage; or pay mail man. Oo Curved Claw Hammer, 12 oz. Head $2.00 CT Lh “ “ 16 ad “ 2.00 a * « " 20 2.25 CJ Straight “ Be i si 2.00 2 ie * . es 2.00 “ “ 20 “ “ + Half Hatchet No. 2, Smooth Face fo Half Hatchet No. 2, Scored Face ry z Util-ax, 28 oz. with Leather Sheath 2: [] Scout Ax, 24 oz. with Leather Sheath Hi oc tw ~) S co ESTWING MFG. CO., Rockford, Ill. FORGED in ONE PIECE of fine tool steel, grip of sole leather washers, pee and riveted on to the I beam core, polished and 81 Superior in EVERY WAY. Every tool carries a tag guaranteeing by free replacement that the light tempered steel handle and comfortable grip E CAN'T BREAK or LOOSEN no matter how or how long used Prove this Yourself Bite into the body and pull the head of 6od spikes or pins througha 2 in. plank. tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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New rooms for old... of lasting beauty and economy N! YW there is a quick and easy way to repair unsightly, ugly cracked walls or ceilings anywhere! Have your carpenter apply big sturdy panels of Upson Board right over the old plaster —in 4 the time of re-plastering—with- out muss or dirt. Then you have permanentiy attrac- tive walls and ceilings —winter-warm and summer-cool—for Upson Board has the insulating value of 11 thicknesses of ordinary building paper. Then you have safe walls—that even ordinary leaks should not injure. Pan- eled walls that afford the best back- grounds for furniture and furnishings. Permanent walls, which properly ap- plied, should never warp or crack. Mail the coupon for details of the interesting new $2500 cash prize offer. UPSON PROCESSED ADDRESS center edye This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY “Old Ironsides”’ in a Miniature (Continued from page 72) eves (Fig. 3), of which 114 should be 3i¢ in. in diameter and 100, 44 in. These can be made most easily of sections from '% to %% in. thick, cut from celluloid knitting needles. Each has a groove around it and three holes in a triangle; these can be punched with a hot needle or drilled. In the clipper ship previously described these deadeyes were omitted, but on the Constitution they are so prominent that she would not look right without them; they do, however, mean a lot of extra work, so if you wish vou may omit them and bring the shrouds down to holes under the gun port streak, fastening them by driving the glued ends in with the point of a round toothpick and breaking it off in the hole. Some commercial models of the Constitution, costing more than a hundred dollars, have no dead- eyes, but would be better with them. If vou use deadeyes, take some No. 20 brass wire and with round- nosed pliers make a ring to fit in the groove of a deadeye. Then bring the end down to a hole in the hull under the gun port streak, bend it up sharply and drive it in, so that the- deadeve will lie snugly on the channel, in which a groove has been cut to take it. Place 7 (or, better but more difficult, 9) of these at the fore, 8 (or 10) at the main, and 6 at the mizzen. Jiote that the deadeves (Fig. 1) are clear of the gun ports and the chains (wires) are clear of the lower gun holes. AKE a piece of cord, seize a dead- eye in the end, carry the other end through the lubber hole, across the top and down the other lubber hole, and seize another deadeyve in it so that both will come just clear of the top of the bulwarks on either side. While we need not concern our- selves with technical names, this is known as a pendant. To identify any unfamiliar terms, consult, a dic- tionary orencyclopedia. Now take two nee- dles threaded with No. 24 sewing cotton or silk of similar thickness, put large knots in the ends, thread through the left-hand holes in the deadeves from in Fig. 2. to out, down through Main lower- and topmast showing chief details of rigging the corresponding holes in the lower dead- eyes, and so on, as shown in Fig. 3. Then draw both down tight together and finish off with clove hitches over the seizings on the cords. A touch of thin glue on all knots acts as a lubricant while tying them and enables you to snip the ends off close without their coming undone. The shrouds are similarly fastened (set up) except that they go up on one side, around the mast and down on the same side. They are seized together close up under the top, when tight. Always set up the lanyards in pairs to get them even. All the upper deadeyes | should be in one line with the top of the | bulwarks; the starboard forward pair go || first, then the port, and so on at each |! mast. The after shrouds at the main and mizzen are set up like the pendants. The bights of the shrouds must lie snug to the masts to allow shipping of topmasts. | The blueprints and drawings show fewer shrouds at the fore and main than the photo- graphs. The correct number is as in the latter, but this crowds them between guns, so two have been omitted | at each mast ‘to sim-| plify the work; these | may be added if desired. | HE lower | stays (Figs. 1 and 5 come next. They have deadeyes in the ends, are rove through the lubber hole at one side. round behind the mast and down again, setting up to deadeyes fastened to the staples in the deck at the main and mizzen and to a heart (Fig. 3) lashed to the bowsprit for the fore; || have this lashing large | enough to take the jib boom. The sheer poles are stiff wires seized to 5. i \ : 3 i the shrouds, above the [ deadeyes, to keep them 7 from twisting. Ratlines, or steps, will be wanted up the shrouds; they can be of is thick sewing cotton or|f silk, and can be clove-|f hitched to the end a shrouds and rove l and out of the others. Draw the hitches well tight but do not drag) the shrouds together. Before cutting the ends off close, paint the rat lines and hitches with|] shellac ot scale. thin black enamel. If to actually they } be 1, in. apart, but | in. will be near enougl: | (Continued on page 84) would See page 8. March, 1927 " a M h

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March, £927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY GOODELL - PRATT a, 1927 © — [GOODELL - PRATT. WM) ana iN) ud- en ish 12s all Ing All Steel Mitre Box — 1285. Cannot bend or break, or become Goodell-Pratt Electric Drill. Sizes from 14 to 5-8". Light 1s inaccurate. Angles more acute than 45° are secured by side and Heavy Duty, for 110 and 220 A.C. or D.C. Steady drilling 10s attachment. Geuge can be regulated to saw to any desired doesn't overheat these Drills. Self-oiling bearings require only depth. Equipped with 28 x 5"' first quality Back Saw . . $27.50. occasional attention. Vita! parts readily accessible. These drills retail from $36.00 to $99.00 Ratchet Bit Brace—7010. 10"' sweep. ‘Steel clad head on roller bearings. Head ‘and handle finished with rubber enamel, ebony effect. Chuck sockets and shells Micrometer Caliper — 2-R. Graduated to read by 1-1000 from 0 to 1 inch. Ratchet mechanism on the Thimble as- , sures equal pressure, when used by differ- of malleable iron; forged steel. jaws. ES. a. oe 6 a oh we! ws $12.00 Chucks hold all sizes of square shank ‘ bits. Beautifully mickeled . . . . $3.75 Bench Vise —161. Moderately priced. Cut steel feed screw and guide rods in- sure mgidity. Jaws machined after assembly, so they meet accurately. Steel parts polished, :ron parts enameled. 2" jaws, opening 2''. Weight 3 3-8 Ibs. $2.60 Automatic Drill—185. Mr. Punch. Push, and the tool returns. Dnill points carried in handle. Length 10"' Beauti- fully polished and nickeled, including 8 drill points from 1-16 to 11-64" . . $2.75 High speed, high power Bench Grinder -485. Handy for bench and household use. Gears are enclosed and packed 1n grease. High Abrasive Wheel, 5x 1"' Adjustable Work Rest. Fimished in red and black enamel, 6!4"' high above bench . . $10.00 r Breast Drill — 6. 16" long. Adjustable Breast Plate; Polished Hardwood Han- dles. Machine-cut Gear Teeth, Two speeds. All-steel Chuck for round shanks Two Speed Hand Drill — 5%. Black enameled frame. Handle unscrews to hold drills. Takes round shank drills, 0 to 3-8" Steel parts nickeled. 14!4"' long. Without Ge... cae es $5.50 Automatic Screwdriver —111. Revers- ible, for driving or drawing screws. Can be used ratchet or plain. Handle finished NSAI NTN NNN TITAN TNT in mahogany. Length with blade 19". GOOG TE 6 oe eee Rees Including 3 tool steel blades . . $3.10 ———— > HE = ten tools pictured here re det single examples aken from the range of sizes in ‘ ety each is made. Goodell- Pratt Bench Vises come in many 1S 10) § types. So do Goodell-Pratt Braces, Drills, Grinders, Screwdrivers, etc. hardware store to your home OW often have you skimmed through your you want a vise, it helps you pick the right dealer’s stock of fine tools and wished you size—tells you how wide the jaws open—what had all day to linger over it? thickness bench you can clamp it to. If it’s a You'll get something of that same thrill— __—_ drill, you’ll !:now its capacity and what points and even more actual information—from the come with it. A three-page index quickly lo- Goodell-Pratt catalog. cates the tools you want to find. With this book it is easier for you to buy— easier for your dealer to sell. It’s free, of course. You can go over them at your work-bench or Write us for your copy today. Buy Goodell- in your easy-chair. You can take the catalog Pratt tools from your hardware dealer—or to your dealer and, instead of vague efforts to write us for the name of a nearby dealer who make him understand what you want, youcan _ sells them. show him exactly what it looks like. No finer tools are made than those that carry the This book brings you the complete line. If name of Goodell-Pratt. Over 1500 Good Tools — pictured and described GOODELL-PRATT COMPANY, GREENFIELD, MASS., U. S. A. Lootmiths, © MAKERS OF MR. PUNCH GO ODELL- PRATT 15300 GOOD TOOLS © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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84 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY : March, 1927 7 Will Anyone Accept “Qld Ironsides” in Miniature This Pipe-Smoker’s (Continued from page 82) a!

=

- S fore and main and four at the mizzen, but oe | I put only four to each. Challen e? de For these twist a thin wire around two g © Ff \N Bi deadeyes with 4 in. between, double the es. le | jes wire in the middle, push one part into each a =. SS ~~ of the thin slots in the edge of the top , ~~ ' sa Ff (Fig. 5), so that when dragged down the wenty-one vears 1s & ong time to sti ie) | ; deadeves will lie neatly on the tops. Push any one product—particularly tobacco. the bights of the wires through the lower Because even though over a period of Fig. 4. Plan view chrouds and seize a length of the thick years a tobacco may not change in flavor } of bowsprit. Com- pare with Fig. 1 Cord in them; then set them up tightly to deadeyes fastened to the staples in the So it is all the more remarkable to re- | Have them spaced as evenly as possible. deck, on the opposite side of the masts. ceive such letters as that from Mr. Roberts Now take a topmast, thread the lower Now pass a piece of cord about half of South Dakota, reproduced below. cap on it, press the heel into the square — the thickness of that previously described Columbia, 8. D. hole on the fore side of the lowermast in through the crosstrees, around the top Sept. 9, 1926. the top (Fig. 5), and the square hole inthe mast head and down again; seize dead- Larus & Bro. Co. cap on to the lowermast head. Put the — eyes in the ends to lie about %¢ in. above 7 or quality, a smoker’s taste generally does.

ae nd me crosstrees (Fig. 7) into position over the — the lower ones; reeve lanyards and draw ; ; masthead and set up temporary stays. them tight; seize a sheer pole to each set | nich ogg ee The topmast shrouds set up to dead- and hitch on the ratlines. gi [ make this claim, challenging all com- eyes of the smaller size, set into the edges A few spring clothespins, with the | 7% ers, to have smoked Edgeworth and noth- of the tops; there should be five at the bevels sawed off the points, will be found | smd age op et Wo cigatot 2 useful for hanging-off lanyards and other | tee other person within the scope of your Se Ge ok AND al SHROUDS ae cords until ready (Continued on page 96) territory. DOWN THE OTHER - , ARQUND THE MAST I have smoked Edgeworth for twenty- AND“DOWN THE one years and will soon start on the twenty-second

I'll admit to having tried other brands, _ a including so-termed high-class, high- / priced blends and mixtures, enough to * i appreciate and satisfy myself of the su- TEMPORARY periority of Edgeworth A ” STAYS MAIN TOP In all these years I have never had one \ ‘ 4 WX , can of Edgeworth that varied in flavor or PENDANTS AND / CEE Lite PENDANT FORE wai’ | ah deatitsi SHROUDS FINISHED *¥~~~ 2. _ | otherwise SAILYARD | [if Yours very truly, BRACES, q \ 1\ signed) J. J. Roberts. MAIN YARD 4 FUTTOCK ran “S§ D. lo those who have HROUDS nevertried Edgeworth, we make this offer:

Let us send you free samples of Edge- worth so that you may put it to the pipe test. If you like the samples, you'll like Edge- worth wherever and whenever you buy it, for it never changes in quality. Write your name and address to Larus Edgeworth is sold in various sizes to INSIDE OUTSIDE \ (oO Hi sult the needs and means of all purchasers DEADEYE Ae. © Wi Both Edgeworth Plug Slice and Edgeworth Ready-Rubbed are packed in small, pocket - \. PORE TOPMAST STAY, size packages, in handsome humidors hold- No ing a pound, and also in several handy in-

y= HEARTS between sizes. ¥ ISX WS ser Pam * bo KE _— eA To Re tail Tobacco Merchants: If your | FORZSTA x ait 2 - ; — \ sae 7 jobber cannot supply vou with Edgeworth, | a \_ - j Larus & Brother Company will gladly send | {/ SN \ Pa= vou prepaid by parcel post a one- or twe- | Pw \ \_ BEE WS : ‘ : | \ f dozen carton of any size of Edgeworth Plug | QU <0 ; ‘ - ‘ : ~ Bows MARTINGALE Slice or Edgeworth Ready-Rubbed for the neti BOOM same price you would pay the jobber.

Fig. 3. How to set up shrouds, make dead- Fig. 5. Maintop, main yard and main top- On your radio —tune inon WRVA, Richmond, Va. }- eyes and blocks, and attach stays at bowsprit sail yard. Fore- and mizzenmast are similaf the Edgeworth Station. Wave length 256 meters.

ae (See, © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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March, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Looking into the crystal suggests many changes in our big cities during the next 100 years. Perhaps there will be streets on three levels, towers topped only by taxi planes and aerial traffic lights. But whatever filing needs new changes develop, there will be files bearing Nichol- trade marks made to » meet them. son File Compan WOL Ss. , si oy In the future as well as the past, Nicholson File Company trade marks will stand for sharp, dur- able teeth, correct balance and rigid testing after every manufacturing pro- cess. Look for the NICHOLSON trade mark when buying your files today. It guar- antees you the best file workmanship the world has ever seen. U.S.A. (TRADE MARK) “A File for Every Purpose” © NICHOLSON FILE COMPANY, PROVIDENCE, R. I. ee (ees © This seal on a radio, tocl or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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86 i) The Center- $t. Louis —For Greater Profits VOUR factory in St. Louis would be at the nation’s center. You would be closerto your custo- mersand nearer your raw material supply. Thiscentral location would eliminate the wasteful gap between raw materials and customers. Manufacturers in St. Louis have solved the costly long-haul prob- lem. They Ship From the Center —Not the Rim. In St.Louis you could ship in every direction— by short hauls—to the nation’s markets. St. Louis has more than 3,500 factories in 211 different lines of business. This diversity has given it a national reputation as the “best balanced”’ large city. A fair and just Work- men’s Compensation Law, enacted at a recent election, is also an additional incen- tive to consider St. Louis. We wll send, on request, our new booklet, **Why St. Louts Grows.”" Address Dept. 16 Chamber of Commerce ST. LOUIS POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY A Gouge-Made Pen Tray] With an inexpensive block of hard wood, you can easily make a neat desk ornament By EMANuEL E. Ericson, Noted Manual Training Authori ty Gouges serve many Purposes and are essential for carving 1 To make a pen tray and ink bottle holder, 3 When cutting to a curve, make a square a piece of wood, 3 sweeping side stroke by 11 in., lay out a and move the han- semicircle 14 in. from ~ dle with a circular one erid and another 8 & ; motion. Cut right in. away, and connect > « to the line, but be them with parallel lines careful (Center view above) Place the piece in a vise and hold the gouge as shown, with the left- hand fingers resting on the wood to aid in con- trolling the tool. Take long, shallow shavings to the middle; then work from the other end (Left not to let the gouge slip over it ) To aid in gouging out the tray uniformly, whit- tle a templet from a thin piece of wood, after drawing an arc of suitable radius with the compass The templet is moved from place 6 (In rectangle above) The depression to place to determine whether the tray is the proper depth and paper held in the fingers. then is smoothed carefully with sand- Don’t round shape throughout. Light showing the sharp edges and, if necessary, plane beneath will register discrepancies off a shaving to increase their sharpness The finished tray is shown in the last illustration. A round or square hole is made at the end previously left untouched; this hole may receive an ink bottle or form a receptacle for paper clips and pins. The outside edges of the block, but not those of the tray depression, are rounded slightly. The piece then is varnished or shellacked © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. March, 1927 a

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March, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 87 i. To you it Ye says Safety — " but to intruders itsays Stay Out/ There is only one maker of Yale Locks and Keys. The mark Yale means the name of the maker. The Yale & Towne Mfg. Co. Stamford, Conn., U. S. A. Canadian Branch at St. Catharines, Ont. YALE MARKED IS YALE MADE © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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Pocket Gen For men who like to be on time OCKET BEN was raised with Big Ben, Baby Ben and all his other Westclox brothers. They set him a good example and he lives up to it. You can rely on him for sturdiness and truth- traits that are with the Westclox family. fulness, traditional You'll find Pocket Ben at the stores in your lo- cality. Price $1.50, with luminous dial $2 26. WESTERN CLOCK COMPANY La Salle, Illinois TS) This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 1927 | reproduced at the bottom of page | shown the general construction, but you | will find it a great additional aid to ob- | with the | pieces are marked with identifying letters A Welsh Dresser Easy to Build (Continued from page 69) 69 is tain our Blueprint No. 60 (see page 105). This has the assembly drawings on a much larger scale than can be given in the magazine, as well as some full size details and a complete bill of materials or cutting list. The cabinet is made throughout of white pine, which can be obtained from any lumber dealer. The panels for the doors and ends are plywood, although they can be made of solid stock. If the piece is to be given a natural finish, they are best if faced with pine to match the rest of the wood, although maple, bass- wood or whitewood might be used. Plywood panels also are needed for the back of the lower section of the case and for the cupboard bottoms; these may be faced with any in- expensive wood. HE back of the upper section of the case is made of % by 83 in. tongue-and-groove white pine “‘ceiling.” Most of the other parts are cut from 7% in. thick boards; vou will find the exact sizes of each given on our Blue- print No. 60. Other woods, such as maple or oak, can be used and, indeed, the builder has considerable leeway in working out his own ideas in connection with any project of this type. The tools required are rip saw, (fine crosscut) saw, jack plane, block plane, screw driver, Vek in. chisel, ham- mer, nail set with \-in. point, miter box, try-square, bit brace, 4-, 34- and %-in. auger bits, countersink, M%- and 3¢-in. twist drills for wood, rule, 8-in. half- round cabinetmaker’s file, 14-in. turning saw frame with 14 in. wide saw blade, l4-in. grooving plane, and rabbet plane. The last named planes and the turning saw may be omitted if what little groov- ing and rabbeting is necessary and the sawing of the ornamental curves is done at a woodworking mill. Additional tools as well as handscrews and long clamps, can, of course, be used to advantage, but those mentioned will suffice. Cut all the pieces to the dimensions given in the bill of materials on Blueprint No. 60, or from your own list prepared aid of the drawings. All the panel on Blueprint No. 60 and, as far as pos- | sible, on the illustration on page 69. A good beginning in the work is to dress the stiles and rails of the lower case straight and square. The time spent in doing this will be more than saved. Assemble the end stiles W and X and the end rails Y and AA of both ends. Fasten together with liquid glue and nails or long slender screws; the latter will in- Photo courtesy Kensington Manufacturing Company An early American pine dresser in a recent industrial art exhibition at the Metropolitan Art Museum, sure your having a stronger case. Be sure the surfaces are flush and that each joint is as strong as it can be made. Plane and sandpaper the surfaces of the ends, miter the molding II around the panel open- ings, put panels HH in place and fasten strongly with 14-in. quarter-round mold- ing on the inside. Make the center and bottom frames, | using stiles VV, and drawer runners and closet ledges UU. Set up the case by nail- ing through the ends into the ends of the center and bottom frames, being sure they are placed accurately in relation with each other and the top and bottom of the ends of the lower case. The frames should be placed so that they project 7% in. be- New York yond the front of end stiles W. Square the case accurately and hold it with temporary braces. Place the braces so they will not interfere with putting the back in place. Then fit the front stiles V this will involve notching the frame stiles VV to receive them. pase the front center stile GG s as to divide the space for the doors| into two equal parts. Assemble the frame under the top after mitering the front| Fy corners of the front stile R and the rails| § S. The back rail is square at the ends and fits between the rails S.A furring strip YY is placed over where one of the closet partitions SS is to be located later. Fit the back XX, which is preferably 14-in. plywood, and fasten strongly; the permanent rigidity of the entire case de- pends largely upon the back. Fasten the | partition RR, adjusting it by means 0! the case bottoms QQ. Make partitions 5S for the small drop door compartments with facings TT to hide the end gral. Drive screws or nails through rail VV | to SS, adjusting by the drop closet bot- toms PP. dimensions. drawe Tr. Saw bases BB This will simplify fitting the ’ ° » OO (Continued on page See page 8. Be sure that the partitions are BE parallel to each other, even if the distance | apart does not coincide exactly with give! | Mar

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old it races ig. the les V; stiles 4G $0 March, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY doors | Fe frame front | e rails| > ends ‘urring of the | Jater. ‘erably lv; the Ase de- ten the | ‘ans of rtitions ments. | grail. VV in- et bot- ions are listance | h given |i ting the page OW) | ai TRIMO PIPE VISE HANDY, rugged tool for home, shop, or farm. Has tempered, tool-steel jaws with fine-milled teeth which grip firmly. Yoke, trame, and base are of guar- anteed malleable iron. Screw, head, and handle are ot selected steel. Patented device insures smooth hand sp. Made in seven standard ses. Absolutely guaranteed. ape me mnnnn pn ve tbanpng pe | RRS LYNN gy OMe Pipe Wrench with the Replaceable Insert Jaw and Nut Guards . ~ ~ WHEN large American tool buy- ers (railroads, oil companies, power plants, plumbers, etc.) have to settle the question of wrench econ- omy, TRIMO almost invariably gets the verdict, even though the first cost of this rugged Pipe Wrench is a few cents more than others. Why is this? ¢ v Just consider one point alone—the INSERT JAW in the handle, an ex- clusive TRIMO feature. After the TRIMO has rendered long and hard service, this jaw can be quickly replaced at small cost. With other makes an entirely new wrench would have to be bought. NUT GUARDS which keep the TRIMO adjusted con- stitute another economic (time and labor saving) feature. Pressed steel frame is practically unbreakable. i 2s Replaceable parts, maximum strength, masterly design, and many other ex’ clusive points have made TRIMO the’ preferred Pipe Wrench among large and small users for nearly 40 years. Made in eight steel-handle sizes from 6 to 48 inches; four wood-handle sizes, 6, 8, 10, and 14 inches. + ¢ At all hardware, mill, plumbing, and oil-well supply stores. Insist on TRIMO—accept no other. TRIMONT MEG. CO. ROXBURY - MASS. iS) This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS, See page 8.

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’ AERIAL- BELDENAMEL OR INDOOR

F ij Hn \at,

rt - ag "EXTENSION CORD fgg : } a <4 = LA S. _E GROUND wikt This Radio Set is properly Instali /s Yours, OR an outdoor aerial, use a Beldenamel Aerial. It cannotcor- rode or deteriorate. For indoor aerials,usethe Belden Indoor Aerial Wire. And do not forget Belden Lead-In and Ground Wire to finish the job. All of these items are included, if you wish, in the new Belden Super- adio Antenna Kit. The Belden 20-foot Loud- speaker Extension Cord brings the loudspeaker where you want it. For safety to tubes and batteries, and pro- ,/ tection against 7 fire, use a Bel- 7 den Fused fv B-BATTERY FUSE

Ask your nearest dealer toexplain how Belden Radio Accessories help you get better re- sults from your set. Battery Cord.

Belden Fused Radio

Belden Manufacturing Co. 2304A S. Western Ave., Chicago, Ill.

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

March, 197 ” ee Marc

A Welsh Dresser Easy to Build : (Continued fro and CC to the shape shown, smooth them, miter at the front corners, and fasten with glue and nails. Make the doors of stiles DD, rails EE and EF, and panels FF. Miter the mold- ing II, fit the panels and fasten with quarter-round XA, as in the ends. ROP doors KK and drawer front LL with moldings JJ should be made next. Fit drawer front LL between parti- tion facings TT and assemble drawer sides MM, back NN and bottom OO. Fit the completed drawer and drop doors and hang the latter with 11% in. wide brass butts. The drawer may be stopped % in. back of the face of the case by gluing a piece between the back of the case and the rear of the drawer. Make holes for drawer pulls in the fronts of the drawer and drop doors. When the case is ready for finishing, these trimmings should be removed, as they will be in the way. Fit and hang lower doors with 2-in. butterfly hinges. Round the edge of the cabinet top B | and fasten with screws, which pass up through R and S. One or more shelves XB and two sup- porting cleats XC for each shelf may be made if desired and fitted and fastened | at convenient distances from the case bot- tom. The drop door’ supports XD will serve to hold the doors in place when they are closed. Assemble the upper case or rack by nailing the three shelves D between the ends C. Make the top cornice by nailing the under filling or soffit G, the top fur- rings ZZ, and the back furring F strongly together and mitering and nailing the frieze molding E. Nail strongly through G into the top ends of C. Nail top A in place so as to rely more upon nails into the furrings than in the moldings.

AIL back H, which is: 3-in. tongue- and-groove stock, in place. The nails go into the back of shelves D, soffit G and rabbets previously made in C. Be sure the case is square when the back is nailed. <A Jittleglue in each joint of the back will add much to the rigidity. A piece 4% by %% by 1 in. long should be fitted and glued to each back corner of G to make G flush with the case back. Fit and fasten the bead molding along the edges of G and add the ornamental top frieze P. Fit the top case or rack in its place upon the bottom case and bore for dowels to hold it there. Fit the stretcher I to the top surface of B and nail it to the back with small brads driven slantwise. Make the knife box by assembling pieces J, K, L, M, N, and O. Miter the front corners of this little case. Note that the back N is set forward so that the back ends of L may be notched to fit over the stretcher I. Set the nails 1% in. below the surface of the wood. Sandpaper the entire case, touching all square corners to remove lightly the slight burr always left by the

plane. No. 0 or 00 sandpaper is not too © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

m page 88) a fine for the last rubbing. Besure that 7 there are no finger marks, soiled places 7 or other imperfections which can he J removed. The case then will be ready © for finishing. 3 It is important that the piece be kept in a warm room during the finishing. For a natural finish, dust off well and apply an “‘antiquing”’ stain made by dis- solving 4 tablespoonfuls of air-drying as- phaltum varnish in a pint of gasoline. ¥ This dresser will require a quart of stain. 7 Four hours should be allowed for the J stain to dry. a Apply a coat of orange shellac reduced 7 fifty percent with denatured alcohol and | allow it to dry for three hours. Sand 9 smooth with No. 6-0 sandpaper or as | fine as can be obtained, working with | the grain and “highlighting’’ by sanding 7 through the color and exposing the pale || wood wherever the light strikes the curved edges and produces a shine. Dust off and coat with orange shellac |f reduced only one quarter with denatured |f alcohol. Use a 1-in. fitch brush for the § edges and a 21%-in. brush for all flat work. & Allow at least three hours for drying and resand with split No. 6-0 paper. After dusting off, apply a coat of clear brushing lacquer, using the fitch brushes, which have been washed free of shellac in lacquer thinner. After drying two §F hours, recoat and allow the second coat to dry overnight. Rub to a smooth finish with rubbing felt, FF pumice stone powder, and crude oil; then polish with wax or polishing oil.

OR a painted finish, using, for ex- ample, pale ivory and delicate blue brushing lacquer, dust off and give a sizing coat of shellac reduced fifty per- cent with denatured alcohol. Allow it to dry for three hours. Sand smooth with worn sandpaper of the finest grit. Dust off and brush on a coat of pale ivory lacquer, allowing two hours for drying. Recoat with pale ivory lacquer and let dry for two hours more. Use a delicate shade of blue, made by adding a little rich blue to white lacquer, to “highlight” such parts as may seem desirable, just to give a suggestion of decoration. Avoid overdoing. this work If a very smooth finish is desired, the lacquer coats should dry overnight and then be rubbed with felt, FF pumice stone. and water. After the work is complete, the job should be washed, allowed to dry thoroughly, and then cleaned up with an oil polish or liquid wax. Varnish or enamel may be used in place of brushing lacquer, and most readers are so familiar with their application that no suggestions are necessary except that plenty of time should be allowed for on coat to dry before applying the next, and the work must be given a light sanding between coats. The design for the dresser was prepared by George F. Kaercher, the list of opera tions by Charles A. King, and the finish- ing specifications by Ralph G. Waring; each a specialist in his particular field. a

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hat | E ices | be @ ady ept i and |@ dis- @ as- | ine. ain. | the 4 iced | and and |@ r as |i vith ; ding | pale the || lac |# ured | the ork, and ‘lear shes, ellac two coat | ing rude 5 il. I~ blue | ve a per it to with vory ying. 1 let 2 by juer, seen n of vork. _ the and Lone, lete, ) dry h an ylace s are it no that r oe and ding vared pera- nish- ring, d. — PRINS i Ge sa Fa Dust - POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY This cutter is quickly sharpened JUST feel the edge of a Sar- gent cutter when you’ve rubbed it up a bit. “Sharp” is the word. It’s the chromium steel that does it—the unusu- ally tough and wear-resisting steel which permits the use of a thinner and more quickly sharpened blade. But that’s not the only reason why this particular Sargent cutter is so easy to sharpen. This chap is using an Auto-Set — which has a time and labor saving feature found in no other plane. The cutter may be removed and replaced without changing the original adjustment. The Auto-Set together with the small steel block plane should be on every school and home work-bench. They are lasting and inexpensive—cost- ing less than you would expect to pay for the planes that so many professional carpenters use. See them at your hard- ware dealer’s and write us for descriptive booklet. SARGENT & COMPANY, Manufacturers, 50 Water Street, New Haven, Conn. SARGENT Sargent Steel Block Plane No. 5206 Sargent Auto-Set Bench Plane No. 714 © This seal on a radio, too or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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92

Comes the First Indian Dealer Dealers A few good ter- ritories open. Our proposition is a winner for ambitious men. Mail coupon now.

When Spring Hop Off With There’s an Indian model for every type of rider. Through the Indian Club Plan only $1 starts you, and then easy payments. Send for free illustrated catalogue of 1927 models or better still, visit your nearest Indian POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Prepare now for those Only 1¢ a mile! No traffic to worry you —no parking problem—no garage bills. Rest- ful comfort—easily handled—smooth—rug- ged—flexible—and trusty as your closest pal! for a free demonstration. sm Outdoor sport with a real ‘kick-at 1¢ a mile! ET ready fellows—Spring’s just around the corner. glorious days of outdoor fun. Whether you like hunting, fishing, camping, touring, let an Indian Motocycle be your guide. Celebrate with us February 22nd A big party is being planned at the store of your nearest In- dian Dealer. Come and bring the ladies! Music. Fun. Sur- prises galore! Valu- able souvenirs for everybody. N

SPRINGFIELD, MASS. INDIAN MOTOCYCLE CO., Dept. H-3, Springfield, Mass. | Send me Free illustrated Catalogue describing } the 1927 Indians. ) Check this square if you are interested in our } money-making proposition to dealers. Age 12t0 160) 16to 20 over 20

Co. Mail Coupon and please check nearest age to help us suggest the correct model for your requirements. March, 1977

Walnut Beetle *“Comicull”’ By F. CLarke HuGuHes ORmaking this ferocious-looking beetle you will need but half an English wal.| nut shell, half a cherry pit, a bit of thin| wood or cardboard, and a little wire, glue and paint. The wood or cardboard is shaped as in- ' ; dicated, to suit the walnut shell. notching the shell to fit the cherry pit, 7 CHERRY PIT HEAD 4b .. >

a 2 coos -RONT / SS r “aa VIEW 8) ae, ies FINE ELECTRIC WIRE — 1Z{ WOOD OR es, “2\CARDBOARD |i 23) ELECTRIC ‘y : . <A WIRES t After §

A queer bug, easily assembled and painted; it amuses children and “grown-ups” alike the two parts are glued to the base ani 79 p allowed to dry. The legs and feelers are made of in 7% sulated electric (magnet) wire and glued J into holes drilled into the edge of the base When the glue has hardened, the beetle. is ready for painting. red and after this has dried the stripe 9 The whole model first should be painted FJ e and markings may be added, as shown il 3 the illustration above.

i In the April issue Mr. Hughes will tell how to make small ‘‘comicull’’ tops.

Pad for Oiling Flat Tools O MAKE a pad for oiling saws and other tools that have flat surfaces, tear up strips of cloth of the proper width to go snugly into a shoe polish box, as illustrated, or use felt weatler strip- ping. Place the roll in the box and pour machine oil on it.—l. L. Morrow. CLOTH STRIPS SOAKED IN OIL A cloth roll coiled in a a shoe polish

© This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. tin

March,

508

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March, 1927 HS IN Dal a Mau a 7 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY py PT! Tn -_ 7 ge LA ta hy Ae Y Zoggs ty ‘ | Jz 0) Zn; W) Wy WA J Tis PL Yili 4, | fe W ys -, Pay! Laff cy h/ Md Vi Vip Vig Af “What's the Best Hammer?” ““That’s easy. The one with ‘D. May- dole, Made in U.S.A.’ stamped on the head. Ask me about some other tool and I might have a job deciding, but every man that knows tools ’ll tell you that there’s only one hammer with the ‘hang,’ strength and durability of a Maydole— and that’s another Maydole.”’ Maydole Hammers are the result of eighty-four years of accumulated skill and experience devoted exclusively to fashioning fine hammers. Headsare press-= forged of tool steel; handles are of clear, second-growth, air-dried hickory, put on “for keeps.” Maydole Hammers are made in all types and weights. Ask your dealer to show you the genuine Maydole. And write us for a free copy of interesting and valuable Pocket Handbook 23 ‘‘B.” Maydole Hammers The David Maydole Hammer Co..Norwich NY. tan MAM MER STAMPED YO - CAST ster,” LS) This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ODay Free Iriq| a 2 coe a =r. a8 er oe Gao iw Shop © things gs \p) witht 8 Motor Driven Tools Here is just what you have been waiting for! The big opportunity! The SpeedWay Shop is a compact and efficient electric workshop for you men who are “handy” with tools, mechanics, or experimenters! The Speed Way Shop is driven by the powerful back geared Speed W ay electric motor—famous the world over. We are offering you the shop on a 10 day free trial in your own home. Test it! Experiment with it! Use it as you would your own! You will find it the handiest, fastest metal and wood working outfit you have ever laid your eyes on. Only $10 Down—balance easy payments You can do buffing, polishing, grinding and drilling either at the bench or wherever you find a lamp socket and—all of this for only $10.00 down—the balance on easy terms. Fascinating! Intriguing! Interesting! That’s what users say about the work you perform in your own home or shop. You can make almost anything—attractive, odd furniture, toys, home and garden impovements, radio manufactuing, con- soles, bric-a-brac, book shelves—countless useful articles. Portable Attaches to any A blueprint a month Complete FREE! A complete wood- i socket ¢ ‘ turni light socket and Each month for a year we will fur- b ena. lathe, converts a work nish you with a blueprint of your ene h_ Saw, bench into a com- own selection free to ay ot you * scrollor jig saw, mn an get maximum service from the mY . plete private tool Speed Way Shop and Tools. Write a portable electric and machine for a list of the interesting blue- hand saw, and shop. Packs into prints we have for you. all accessories for pressed steel carry- both portable and ing case as shown stationary power above. Use in basement or garage— drilling, buffing, grinding and anywhere there is current. cleaning. ONLY $10.00 DOWN SEND COUPONNOW Don’t hesitate. We want you to know more about the SpeedWay Shop and Tools. Every tool in the ““Shop”’ is high-grade, built for regular work. A money maker for the small job man. A pleasure for the householder. Get the full particulars. Send in the coupon today. Wanta shop? It’s easy to own one. We make it easy to pay while you enjoy a Speed Way Shop right in your own home. ELECTRO MAGNETIC TOOL CO. Dept. 53—1830 S. §2nd Ave., CICERO [adjoining Chicago}, ILLINOIS Electro Magnetic Tool Co., Dept.53 1830S. 52nd Ave., Cicero, Ill. Dear Sirs: Please send me full partic- ularsabout your 10 Day Free Trial, Free Blueprints and your easy $10.00 Down Payment plan on the Speed Way Shop. Name...... Address. . March, 197 Duplex Outlets Are Easy to Install By Georce A. WILLOUGHBY Supervisor of Electric Work, Arthur Hill Trade School, Saginaw, Mich. Fig. 1. After removing the cover from the old receptacle, take out the screws ANY homes have too few electric service outlets. In cases where the outlets are of the single receptacle orf screw type (Fig. 1), they can be replaced quickly and economically with duel 3 convenience outlets of the type illus § 4 trated in Fig. 2. First open the main house switch. Thealy remove the cover from the old receptacle} and take out the screws with which thei wires are attached. Be careful not wi¥ break the wires. 4 Remove the terminal screws from the | new duplex outlet, put them through the loops on the ends of the wires and screv] them firmly back in place. Attach ill : outlet to the outlet box with screws, mak-§ ing sure it is adjusted straight, and fasten on the new cover plate with the spec brass screw provided for that purpose. pai & Fig. 2. The™ three steps 1% installing the new outlet. Connecting tht 4 wires, fastening al the outlet the box, aii screwing on tht new cover plat © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

Page 99

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

trie - the 2 Ore

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“Atkins ‘400’— World’s Finest Hand Saw” - ATKINS “No. 400” is the aristocrat of all the ATKINS line—the finest saw that bears this world-famous name on the blade. Only ATKINS Saws are made of “‘Silver Steel’ to hold their edge

SILVER STEEL: SAWS

for Cutting Wood or Metal FASTER, EASIER and BETTER! EVERYWHERE men who know good tools use ATKINS Saws—and better hardware stores everywhere sell them. YOUR dealer can show you an ATKINS saw for every wood or metal cutting job—a saw that will cut faster, easier, and do the work better. Ask for ‘ATKINS ‘400’'— the world’s finest hand saw.”’ Try it once and it will be your favorite saw always. No. 53 “Lifetime’’ Saw, and “Junior Mechanic” are other popular saws in the ATKINS line. See the NEW ‘‘Silver Steel” Hack Saw Blades for hand use! They last s#x times as long as ordinary blades! Write us for ‘Saws in the Home” or “Saw Sense’’—help- ful books on saws and their uses—sent you FREE, upon re- quest.

Atkins No. 53 Hand Saw

; e “Atkins Saws in the shown abdove-—Afr Our Home. Hardware Store. s $ : © _— OA” ~~

Page 100

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Banish future screen repairs —use Jersey Copper this spring OU can avoid screen repairs for many years to come! The way is easy: Just use Jersey Copper Insect Screen Cloth when you make new screens or repair your old ones this spring. Then your screens will last for years and years. The reason is simple: Copper is a durable metal —and Jersey Copper, which is 99.88% pure, will actually outlast the screen- frames. Jersey Copper Insect Screen Cloth alone is made of Roebling Copper Wire. The special Roeb- ling process produces extra strong copper wire—unusually stiff, and remarkably serviceable under the severest conditions. Save future trouble and ex- pense. Don’t use an inferior screen cloth such as painted or metal-coated steel. Don’t use so- called “bronze” —a variable mix- LOOK FOR THE ture of copper with zinc, the wires of which lack uniform- ity in weather resist- ance. Pay a little more and use Jersey Copper in your screens. No alloy cheapens it and lessens its durability. Only Jersey Copper is a lasting protection for your home. You can keep screens of Jersey Copper out all year around. Winter won’t harm them. When you call at your hard- ware merchant’s, ask to examine Jersey Copper in the roll. Look for JERSEY Tag on end of roll. Specify 16-mesh (recommended by U.S. Public Health Service). Order dark finish—nearly invis- ible, and stays that way on ex- posure to the weather. Write for free booklet which explains how to save money by avoiding mistakes when you screen your house. The New Jersey Wire Cloth Company 650 South Broad St., Trenton, N. J. All Grades of Wire Cloth Made of All Kinds of Wire Je rsey Copper INSECT SCREEN CLOTH MADE OF ROEBLING COPPER WIRE-99.88% PURE March, isn} “OTD TRONSIDES”’§ : (Continued from page 84) TRUCK SKYSAIL MAST AND YARD — « eI ROYAL SHROUDS HALYARDS ~~ = MAIN ROYAL YARD / / io STAYSZ_. i] TOPGALLANT i na CROSSTREES Y TOPGALLANT FUTTOCK SHROUDS a (is AY MAST AND SHROUDS FORE ROYAL“ | e BRACES a STAYS HALYARD Fig. 6. How the rigging is completed from topgallant crosstrees to main truck to fasten them permanently; they are useful also as lightweight clamps. The wires or cords leading down from the lower deadeyes are called futtock shrouds, and the cords from them to the deck, the Bentinck shrouds. The futtock shrouds also should have ratlines. Before the topmast stays are set up the jib boom will have to be shipped, but first the spritsail yard, or spreader. It lashes with a cross lashing under the bowsprit between the deadeyes of the bobstays (Fig. 4). The jib boom has a nick cut in the inner end to lie on the cleat; it reeves | through the hole in the cap and is lashed to the bowsprit, just above the cleat. The bight of the foretopmast stay goes § through the crosstrees, behind the mast. J and the two ends go through the holes in the bees on the bowsprit end (Fig. 3 and tie underneath. The standing jib stay is seized at the same place at the masthead and comes through a hole near MAIN TOP ite, YARD AND BRACE Ey bality mn nes raat ; I// FORE TOP GALLANT J YARD BRACES ==> aQ MAIN TOPMAST STAYS } Fig. 7. This is the section of the mast immediately below that shown in Fig. © the boom end, down through the top hole i in the dolphin striker; for the present It § will be left slack. To steady the spritsail yard, hitch 4 cord to the boom end (Fig. 4), then to the J yard one third the way out, and through the inner hole in the cathead, to which it] may be set up with deadeyes or fastened witha glue d (¢ ‘ontinued on page ® 98 n ws © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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March, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY STAR HANDy GUIDE for HACK SAW USERS HAND BLADES Material to be * cut SPECIAL FLEXIBLE | FLEXIBLE BLADES No of | Order Length | Teeth No ALL HARD | No of | Order Length | Teeth No. cen el I ee IB 8” 8” 8” Large Stock 9” 9” 9” 10” 10 10” 12” 2” 12” . k 8” 8” 8” Ordinary Wor a 9” a 918 A heavy, ten-tooth power or General Use 10” 10” 10” blade for cutting machinery 12” 12” 12” steel, large angles and big , 8” | 8” 8” bar and structural stock. Pipe, Drill, 9” | 3” 9” : 3 Plates,, etc. 10” 10” 10” s e 12” 12” 12” - - 8” 8” 832 8” Thin Pipe 9” 32. | 9325 9” 3” Light Sheets, etc. 10” 10” | 10” 12” 12” 1232F 12” | No of Length! Teeth An eighteen-tooth hand blade, a good all-round saw for general work. % POWER BLADES HEAVY—ALL HARD LIGHT—ALL HARD ie os [ No of Order ._fj Length | Gauge | Teeth |__No__ “ rere 12” 21 14 1252 This thirty-two tooth ad 21 14 1242 blade is used for cutting 14” 21 14 1442 extra fine stock, thin Ordinary Work pipe, tubing and sheet metal. or General use _Length | Gauge _ Light Structural Shapes, Pipe, etc. * All Hand Blades are 23 gauge—except Spe- cial No. 1420 for Large Stock which is 22 gauge. Heavy Structural Shapes and Sawing Large Solid Stock WHEN BUYING HACK SAW BLADES st 6 p hole sent It itch & to the hrough hich it istened | page 98) —— Y % CLEMSON EXPERIENCE... years of the combined experience of the Clemson Family. CLEMSON STEEL ... Special rungsten Steel made to exact specifi- cations and correct manufacturing processes. CLEMSON TEETH... The correct aigle and rounded gullet of the teeth give them the maximum eutting abil- ity, strength and endurance. CLEMSON SET... The teeth are set in & manner to maintain the proper clearance, to keep the cut free of chips. CLEMSON TEMPER... The heat- treating methods used give STAR Blades an extraorlinary degree of Stre igth, toughness and uniformity. Every STAR Blade is branded with a STAR (| CO nts condensed chart shows the proper hack saw blade to be used in cutting oper- ations on the materials most frequently used. Different blades are required for different types of machines. Be sure you are using the right type df blade for the work you are doing. If the work, or the type of machine you are using, is not shown in the above chart, write Hack Saw Blade Headquarters for full information as to the blade you should use to get the greatest speed and efficiency in your production operations. Since 1883—for 44 years—we have concen- trated on the efficient and economical pro- duction of hack saw blades on a volume basis. This concentration has resulted in the production of a hack saw blade that elimi- nates the great waste of breakage ... a blade that will do the toughest work. Star blades have gained their prestige by reliable, dependable performance. From years of experience, our engineers can show manufacturers new, economical meth- ods on jobs where hack saw blades are used. A letter telling us about the operations you use hack saw blades on puts you under no obligation—and may save you a great deal of money. Why not write Hack Saw Blade Headquarters to-day—the 2c stamp may save you $200 to $2,000. FREE:—“« us mail you our large hack saw chart to ° be placed on your wall for handy reference. MIDDLETOWN, TERS for HACK § WAR — 1883 AW BLA CLEMSON BROTHERS, INC. DEs NEW YORK ? AN. ma BY Y: * © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 1977) The Meeting Place An Advertisement of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company Ir 1s not so long ago since people met in town hall, store or at the village post-office, to talk over matters of importance to the community. Then came the tele- phone to enable men to discuss matters with one another with- out leaving their homes. With the growing use of the telephone, new difficulties arose and improvements had to be sought. Many of the improve- ments concerned the physical telephone plant. Many of them had to do with the means of using the apparatus to speed the connection and enable people to talk more easily. This need for improvement is continuous and, more than ever, is a problem today. Speed and accuracy in completing seventy million calls daily dependsupon theefficiency of Bell System employees and equipment as well as upon the co-operation of persons call- ing and those called and numer- ous private operators. It is not enough that the aver- age connection is made in a frac- tion of a minute or that the num- ber of errors has been reduced to a very small percentage. The American Telephone and Telegraph Company and its as- sociated Bell Telephone Labo- ratories have practically for their sole task the making of the tele- phone more serviceable and more satisfactory—as a means of con- versing with anyone, anywhere, any time. Make More Money Read the Money Making Opportunities on pages 134 to 166 of this issue. Build It Better with a Boice! Men everywhere are finding it easy to build things of wood with Boice-Crane Bench Machines. Boice’s new 64-page booklet containing helpful information and describing Boice-Bench Circular Saws, Band Saws, Jointersg, Jig Saws, Lathes, Drills, and Mortisers, 14” Band =z Saw Table 12° x 14° tilts 45 deg. Saws 7” stock. Uses blades 346" to wy’ wide. _ Bronze Bearings. =>, Does sawing, sawing in Swings 8’. centers. turning, 8” Bench Lathe drilling, sanding, grinding and jig wood Capacity 19” Send 10c for Junior Saw Does ripping, mitering, sanding, grinding and drilling ease and accuracy. Table 10°x13". Saws 24%” stock. Dadoes % "x5". Makes moulding. Sold with or with- out motor. grooving, with threading, metals. between or soft 7 All Boice Machines driven by % to Y2 H.P. mob attached 5 yw! to light socket. Send 1l0c for booklet today, - W.B. & J.E. BOIC Dept. P. S. 3-C Toledo, Ohio “OLD IRONSIDES”) (Continued from page 96) wooden peg, the latter being the simpler. The main topmast stay is hitched or seized to the fore lowermast under the cheeks, around the masthead and back 9 to the hole abaft the lower cap. The miz. zen is a single cord from the mizzen cross- trees to the maintop. The lower yards (Fig. 5) may now be | swayed aloft. They hang by slings from § the caps; all are similar, so one will be 7 described. Reeve a cord up through the § slot in the top, over the cap and down again, seize the two ends around a heart § (which is somewhat like a deadeye but with one big hole). Through this heart yard and the mast pass a cross lashing for | aparrel. Fasten a block at each yardarn and another on each side of the cap. Pas: J | and the staple in the yard pass and fasten § | off a lashing so that the yard will hang | | about 1 in. below the top. Around the § a thin cord from the bottom of the top § block through the outer one, through the top one and down to the fife rail; haul both tight with the yard horizontal and the sling stretched, and belay (fasten the end), HE lifts from the lower yard at the mizzen are carried to belaying pins in the small pinrails under the mizzen & rigging. The blocks are little wooden pulleys, with a hole in place of the wheel (sheave). They are best made of box or holly wood and should be in sizes from 3¢ to 5% in., or as small as you can make them (Fig. 3). § The cord for the running gear should be an unbleached linen about half as thick : as the last mentioned, or, say, four leaves of this magazine; a light bead. twist will do. The standing rigging is that which § does not run through blocks, and the running rigging that which does; all o! the former should be dyed black before use; the latter is white or light brown. The topgallant masts now should be shipped (Fig. 7) in a similar manner to that employed for the topmasts, except that there are only three shrouds o either side, the ends of which are hitched to the topmast shrouds, below the cross- trees. Ratlines may be used. HE fore topgallant stay is reeved through a hole in the jib boom jus! outside the last one and through a hole in the opposite leg of the dolphin striker: the two ends are then brought up and tied tightly abaft the cleat on the bowsprit. The other stays can be seen on the plat (Fig. 1); they are double at the main an single at the mizzen. The topsail yard halyards (Fig. 5) area bit complicated. Seize the bight of 8 thin cord to the heel of the topgallan! mast, bring the two ends through blocks lashed to the yard on either side of the mast, then through blocks under the crosstrees on either side and seize blocks in the ends to lie a little above the lowe! caps; through these reeve a light coré. which may be fastened off to the neck of one of the lower after deadeyes of the lower rigging. The lifts are light black cords, which pass between the masts, the ends being (Continued anne © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. e Mz a)

Page 103

pler, d or the pack F miz- [TOSS- wv be from Il be 1 the lown 1eart - but neart asten hang 1 the § ig for darm Pass e top h the & both § 1 the end), it the pins izzen illeys, ave), wood in., OF fam ig. 3). & ld be # thick four bead- Ee which . d the Be all of before & wh. ild be ner to except ds on itched cross- reeved nm just a hole triker: id tied ysprit. e plat in and ) area t of a yallant plocks of the er the & blocks > lower + cord. reck of of the _ black sts, the | March, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Cae ts | | No.1’ a € Hammer Pipe Wrench 1 LO * Wrench ee The line consists of Bit Braces, Auger Bits, Chisels, Hammers, Hatchets, Pliers, Monkey and Pipe Wrenches, Angle Wrenches, Screw Drivers, Snips, Com- Pruning Shears, Dividers, Calipers, Pincers, Soldering Coppers, and many other small tools. PEXTO TOOLS are carried by practically all progres- sive dealers. “It’s a PEXTO” is all you need to know to assure you that it is a tool of highest quality and fully guaranteed as to workmanship and material. Squares, Write for Booklet covering our complete line. THE PECK, STOW & WILCOX Co. SOUTHINGTON, CONN., U.S.A. ‘1 SA yp i Li | Worth While Tools In order to work successfully at a mechanical trade or to take pleasure in making things at home you need good tools, tools that will stand up and do the work required of No.8010D Samson Ze Sf Brace - Pliers LIV U (tt Nil Nh i" i ‘i Driver No.15 AN Drawknife Expansion Bit Hunter's Hatchet © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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~~” e AO BACKED BY A NEAR-CENTURY’S EXPERIENCE Simonds Files are made from Simonds Steel produced in a Simonds mill with characteristic Simonds regard for durability, strength and each file’s adaptability to the work for which it will be used. The superiority of Simonds products—Circular, Band, Cross-Cut and Hack Saws; Files, and Machine Knives—is founded on a near-century of experience in making cutting tools of tempered steel. “The Saw Makers’? SIMONDS SAW AND STEEL CO., Fitchburg, Mass. Established 1832 | POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Hammer and Cutting Tool in One HE chisel edge on the end Y mer a Cutting tool of a hundred ture. Small side claws make iteasy to pull nails in close corners. The off-set position of the head gives far greater leverage—pulling ten penny nails with ease. A perfectly bal- ancedone pound ham- mer forged of tool steel. If your dealer cannot supply you write us direct. Price $2.00 CHISEL-EDGE-CLAW HAMMER COMPANY H. A.Ayvad—Dept. E Hoboken, N. J., U.S.A, of the claw makes this ham- Y . . . - ‘ uses, without altering the claw fea- “OLD IRONSIDES”? | Silver Lake Sash Cord in the handy package It’s complete with illustrated direc- tions for installing. Contains enough for four new window cords. You save delay and repair bills. And you elim- inate the need for further replace- ments—because the genuine Silver Lake Cord carries a written 20 year guarantee. If your dealer hasn't the {Silver Lake Handy Package. kindly use coupon below. SILVER LAKE COMPANY Mfrs. of Solid Braided Cordage 318 Nevada St., Newtonville, Mass. SSS SS SSS SSSSeeeeeesaeauages Silver Lake Co., Newtonville, Mass. ecb Gecd. Maced aad enee nree * Stree Lake Name__ —_ Address March, 1927 | (Continued from page 98) pegged-off to holes in the yardarms, | | These and all yards are lashed to the mast | as with the lower yards. The topgallant yards are hung in the same manner, except that a single block on the yard and on the fore side of the crosstrees will be sufficient, with one end leading down to a single block, the run- ning parts of which lead to the rigging on | alternate sides, fore to starboard, and | J sO on. The royal yards are the same (Fig. 6), but the halyards may be hitched to the | § center of the yard and pass through a single block at the masthead and from | there direct to the deck, on opposite | sides to the topgallant halyards. These | yards should have the lifts hitched to| 8% their ends, because they are too small to | bore. HE flying jib boom (Fig. 4) comes next. It has a nick at the heel to take the edge of the cap and is lashed to the jib boom. At the positions indicated the boom guys are hitched to it, to the sprit- sail yard and to holes in the cathead. The outer jib stay (from the topgallant mast- | | head) is hitched to it rather more than half way out, and to the same place hitch | 7 the bight of another cord, the ends of | 7¥ which lead down through the dolphin | striker and back to the cleat. The skysail masts are shipped abaft the | § royal masts, and double throughout the 77 length of the latter. A single thread | through the masthead will be enough for | | their halyards. The fore royal and skysail stays pass through holes in the end of the flying) boom, in the slots at the end of the| @ dolphin striker (sometimes called the | martingale boom), and back to the same | 7 cleat as the others. These two stays at | 77 the main and mizzen may be the one cord, from one masthead through the | upper crosstrees and back to the other | masthead. HE spanker boom (Fig. 1) may be @ fastened to the mast with a double § pointed nail 34 in. from the deck. It is § supported by a cord, the bight of which passes through a hole 1 in. from the end and through blocks suspended from under the top on either side, and down to the rigging. The gaff is fastened in the same way to the mast 34 in. below the top, and is sus- | pended by a cord starting 34 in. from the |§ end and passing through a double block at | the cap, through a single block 2 in. from | 3 the end, back through the upper block, | and to the deck. a At the latter position on the gaff fasten | § a block on either side, through which § cords reeve to the cleats in the bul § warks. 4 Under the boom fasten a double block: | and a single block to the deck, right aft. J amidships. A cord comes from the cleat § on one side through the top block, through | the lower, through the top one and to the | : opposite cleat, for the boom sheet. | The spars being all in position, there |j remain the braces to reeve; these mall-| tain the hori- (Continued on page 102) | © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8-

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‘J

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 101

WILL MAKE A CRAFTSMAN OF YOU! THIS WONDER WORKING WORKSHOP |

e k Here is a made-to-order bench equip- Until now, the problem of installing a 1 ment of craftsman’s tools that are per- private woodturning lathe, electric saws t fect, efficient and powerful; small enough and a complete workshop that could be ai for portable use and so inexpensive that depended upon for accurate work has d any man or boy may have one. A vol- required a big investment. Only the most ume of interesting information and liter- determined mechanical geniuses made ). | ature is free to all who send the corner: the investment. $10.00 down brings e | coupor. everything now. a) Mn | te | se to | to !

WNW > SS e - Ny

I (7 ily Py v 9 <7

Turning Sawing Windin WITH THE NEW [RED JACKET] HOME WORK SHOP Splanins The complete Home Work Shop equipment Suting consists of the powerful Red Jacket Motor, with Wad “G27 Cabinet”

direct drive to an. accurate woodturning 7 s Maeking lathe (capacity 9 in. x 34 in.); a bench saw, 7*oewelh <e- qrerfeed- Sawing that. has depth and side gauges; seroll and jig : y te saw; and all accessories for both portable and ae stationary power drilling, buffing, grinding Pointing and cleaning. Attaches to any light socket and — . pening converts your work bench into a complete Sanding private tool and machine shop. Jaan Successful Master- These Are Genuine sitar

SPECIAL CRAFTS COURSE

be And blueprint service is free to Red : a : meguatered : ? Electric Tools ible Jacket Shop owners—all that there is to This complete chest of electrically driven preci- They are not toys or + is know about handicraft methods, raw sion tools will make you an accomplished workman. materials, woods, carving, sawing, turn- fragile in any respect 2 ae : y i ass y that has been designe yamas- hich | ing, designing, carpentering, decorating, It is an assembly that has been dé signed by amas Created for “handy’’ men.

a is taught by special correspondence. ter for the private use of tool lovers and men who g, jauniaal,. voi ae want to build, construct, invent and create at efficient that you can accom- fe home. You will be able to makeeverything—attrac- _ plish any job _ it, and so : 0 : ‘es . my He ER it "iin Inexpensive that anyone can own it. n- n to) : tive odd furniture, toys, home and garden improve sonditbeaaiin mantumtend. Oe lnatatens tn ments, all around manufacturing, repairing. very interesting and fascinating and explains wi everything. Don't delay. Learn all about pf FREE BLU EPRINTS the Red Jacket Home Work Bench now. . the | Working blueprints of beautiful attractive 2 at | _ furniture items, lawn decorations and special 10 DAYS FREE TRIAL From | \. models, are free to Red Jacket Home Work Our peers tells 7) how to start q Manas a job of your own f you are not lock, | : hop )wners. pleased return the Shop aul THE WACO GUARANTEE _ 2 OUNCES “e IF iT IS NOT WHAT YOU WANT of interesting reading will be sent you -hich fre WHEN YOU GET IT—SEND IT BACK oor ong oer coupon oo bce yul- yack —see what we send you. t's free. i BUY ON YOUR OWN TERM/ -SSSSSSTEESESEEEEESSEESSSSESSESSESSESSSE SSE eeeeeee 4 . lock, Only $10.00 down. Liberal discounts for §& LEARN ALL ABOUT t aft, cash. Easy ten and twenty payment plans. & Mail This to Waco THE RED JACKET aa It is easy to own a Red Jacket. : Waco TooL Works, Dept. 3 aileias ; + ©. Wabash Avenue, cago, nois. ough | —s INTERESTING LITERATURE FREE : Manager, Dept 3. Please send me particulars Oo a MAKE THIS SHIP — ee ron gs ns : —— = about AO-day ~~ trial, free blueprints, free crafts “THE MASQUE RADER’ rr 1 all it contains. beautiful, instructive, § course and $10 down payment. ascinating, Interesting. s | . . ps . there | © Copyright by WACO Everything Ex lained in Our : mai | Blueprint Plans Free with Each PRINTS Lit ~ I es i ot i i a) 9) | Red Jacket Shop €raiure : » 102) | ACTIVE DEALERS WANTED : - oats roere : Address ‘ vTerreere ct

© This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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102 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ting the Musical upto 1927 HE chief difference between your present set and one of the latest design is—tone quality. This you can quickly remedy with- out rewiring or changing the cir- cuit. Merely replace the old audio transformers with Jefferson Con- certones and enjoy the most life- like, modern-day reproduction of programs! These large new Jefferson Concertones evenly and faithfully amplify all voices and all instruments. Their musical range is complete. They do not lose, distort or “blast” any audible notes from the lowest (30 cycles) to the highest (10,000 cycles). Ideal for safe, continuous use with high- voltage power tubes. Unaffected by hu- mid climates. Fully shielded in handsome green enameled metal cases. JEFFERSON ELECTRIC MFG. CO. Largest manufacturers of small transformers CONCERTONE AMPLIFICATION CURVE ALLL | OB I2BS Li RANGE OF PIANO SCALE Sealed! Dampness or mois- ture cannot reach the core or windings, to cause corrosion and open circuits, Each Concertone is sealed and waterproofed in its metal case March, 1927 3 509 So. Green St., Chicago, Ill. ‘Tete “T Raze You!” Welcome news! Here’s Barbasol in my hand, and I hold a straight shave, full satisfaction, and four of a kind. No brush. Norub-in. No after-smart. Notrouble. Try Barbasol—3 times —according to _ direc- tions. 35c and 65c tubes. I enclose 10c. Please send Trial Tube. For Modern Shaving | NY PARKS WOODWORKING MACHINES $290 You ought to have this handy Parks in your shop. It is a compact, complete machine designed just like a big produc- tion outfit at one-fifth the cost. Includes 8-inch circular rip and cross cut saw with polished cast-steel saw table, 16-inch band saw with tilting table for bevel-sawing, 6-inch jointer, and motor operating from any light socket. Just plug in and go to work! Fits in a corner of your basement. Does any kind of cabinet and joinery ee work. Add lathe, shaper and other at- ee | f tachments any time at small cost. For ~~ ame | | the man who does “‘odd jobs” in his off time this Parks is a big money maker. Turn out as much as a four-man shop working by yourself. Write for circular and Parks complete catalog of handy woodworking machinery The Parks Ball Bearing Machine Co. 1547 Knowlton Street, Cincinnati, Ohio Canadian Factory: 208 Notre Dame East, Montreal, Can. - ‘OLD IRONSIDES”’ (Continued from page 100) zontal position of the yards. Start these at the top, with the thinnest cord, work- ing down on alternate masts, using the middle grade of cord for the topsail and lower yards. The royal and skysail yard braces (Fig. 1) are single, from the yardarms to blocks as close to the masts as possible. The other braces are double, the bight of them || starting with a hitch on the indicated stay, through blocks lashed to the yard- |} arms and back through blocks close to the | masts. Note that the main topsail brace | 7 starts at the mizzen stay and leads up, | 7 and that the fore braces need second |] blocks in the rigging to lead them clear of the main yards. All the braces should be brought to the pinrails and there be- layed, but in so small a model the royal | 7 and skysail braces may be fastened off in | 7 the crosstrees below their respective lead | 7 blocks. LL the deadeyes, and blocks, too, if you wish, should be painted black; also the wires for the chains, except where they cross the white streak, where they also should be white. The main deck guns now may be pushed into position, and the frigate deck gun carriages glued to the deck. See that all the muzzles are on an even line. Put on the boats and steering gear. Bend a pin, hook it to the end of the anchor cable and push it into the hawse pipe. To the ring | © of the anchor fasten a double block, reeve | F7 a cord through this and the holes in the’ cathead, and bring the end to the cleat in the bulwark; then take the end round the anchor shank, the cleat, and the arm, and | 77 fasten off to the cleat. Hook a light chain to a staple in the e rudder just above the water line. Staple | the bights under the stern and the ends | at the quarters. Hoist an ensign at the peak and, if you) [7 wish, a long red, white and blue pennant | at the main (Fig. 6), and your model is complete. | . _ form of base can be used to stand it on. The simplest consists of two | uprights on a board about 13 in. long by | 414 in. wide. The shape of the uprights) can be cut from two of the templets used | for cutting the hull, Nos. IV and V1 being the most suitable; they should fit! snugly so that the model will stand up-| right. The stern support must be cut) lower than the other by a full \ in., be-| cause it is the water line, not the keel, | that must lie level. a Now, if you have followed these 1n-| structions and the drawings carefully, | & working neatly and keeping down te! & scale, you will have a model of “Old | & Ironsides” far and away above the aver-| age in accuracy, appearance and value. The great majority of model makers 40 not start with the right data, therefore their models cannot be as good as yours | even though you have not had the ¢| perience to put in as fine workmanship. | How to build a picturesque Viking | . ship model will be told in a series ° articles beginning next month. © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. Bae i a

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nun | all | on | in, and “ing | eve | the | FF t in| the | ft and |B | ia

the | aple | F ; ends | f iF | “you | nant jel is | stand | ‘ f two | ig by | -ights | : et | Vil Nd fit | d up- | e cut | n., be- | keel,

se in| ef ully, | wn to) rT; Id | » avel- value. ceTs do erefore i} yours the ex- ship.

| Viking | aries 0 March, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 103

This switch controls everything ~your A power ~your B power ~even the radio set itself

And remember, it makes no difference what kind or what make radio set you have, PHILCO Socket Powers will give you both A and B radio power from your electric light current— depend- ably and constantly. Here is your opportunity to do away with the ordinary “A”’ storage battery, dry cell batteries, and ‘‘B”’ batteries. One switch controls everything. Snap it ‘‘ON” and from your house current you get a strong, steady flow of A and B power. Snap it “OFF” and your radio is silent. NoHum —_sInstallation FREE No Distortion No matter where you live there is almost sure to be an authorized PHILCO dealer near you who will deliver Philco Socket Powers will give you radio recep- a brand-new Philco Socket Power to your home on the day tion without the least hum; without the least distortion. and hour you desire. He will connect it to your radio set at Your electric lighting current will now operate your radio no additional cost to you. set smoothly and perfectly—any kind or any make of set. The Philco dealer ; No more recharging to do; no more dry batteries ee et: St Peer Sony Geren to replace; no more fuss; no more bother, and better still, im- tees you complete satisfaction. proved reception. Everything contained in ONE Cabinet. Yours On Very Trade In Your Old Easy Payments ‘Storage Battery

All in ONE Cabinet

Yes, any one of the many thousands of Philco You can buy a PHILCO AB Socket Power on dealers will make you a very liberal trade-in allowance for Easy Payment Terms from any Philco dealer in your town. ane ath “AP garden tatters on the xed a aed You merely make a small first payment—balance monthly. ; e Tt ee ee ; Philco Radio AB Socket Power. Go to your Electrical Dealer, Department Store, ‘ wee Electric Light Company, Music Dealer or Battery Service It makes no difference what make of “A storage Station; tell them you read this advertisement and you want battery you now have or how old or worn out it may be, the the PHILCO RADIO SOCKET POWER. Philco dealer will give you a surprisingly liberal allowance. Mail This Coupon Now © i Ge ke I Visit the Philco dealer, or if you prefer, mail this coupon to us - and we will give you the full details direct from the factory. We will send you S al complete information on our Easy Payment Plan and Trade-In Allowance offer , peci for your old storage battery. ¢ Sign your name and address to this coupon, and mail it to us today. The coupon is not an order. It does not place you under the slightest obligation. It is merely a request for the full details and free illustrated litera- ture describing these famous Philco Socket Powers. < describing the famous Philco Radio AB Socket Power. Phi ' hiladelphia Storage Battery Co. 4.25/85: Sees eee ae ereeeas oe Philadelphia, Pa. i this request places ene wader no obligation. oe tie Dept. 1083 es. 5 ee

Philadelphia Storage Battery Co., Ontario and C Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Gentlemen: Dept. 1083 Please send me, without cost, illustrated literature

Radio ‘AB’ 4 oe Socket Power j ee ‘Name of your radio set

© This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Wee MODEL~-R 4 for 4volt Batteries MODEL~R 6 for 6volt Batteries Electrify your radio. Let the set switch operate “A”’ Trickle Charger and ‘‘B”’ Eliminator automatically with light socket current. Over 75,000 used within the first four months—adopted standard by every leading set and power supply man- ufacturer. Brach Radio Products L.S.BRACH MFG. CO. 2 ire Makers of the Famous BRACH LIGHTNING ARRESTERS NEWARK.N.J. TORONTO,CAN. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 1977 The Ravages of Dry Rot (Continued from page 74) that the fungus has set up a pipe line which carries its strand like secretions from the earth or from some moisture laden base at the foundation. Research has shown that a 30-ft. lift is no strain on the capacity of the fungus. Science has also demonstrated the cure for this hazard by showing that there is little danger of rot in a dwelling where the wooden parts are well clear of the earth or of all other possible sources of moisture and where there is sufficient under-ventila- tion to keep exposed wood from becoming damp. The chief damage to dwellings is caused by what is known as dry rot, which is the type produced at distant points through the medium of the highly efficient conduit system of the strands of the fungus. The dryest timbers are not safe when the dry- rot strands once reach them. The effec- tiveness of the moisture transport is shown by the fact that the timber 20 or 30 ft. from the source of dampness may become saturated and dripping through the steady flow of water. Sufficient records are available to in- dicate that pre- ventable dry rot is costing the country many millions of dollars annually. In Alabama alone cases have been studied in fif- teen cities and towns calling for repair at a cost of $200,000 —estimated at one-twentieth of the total an- nual loss in that State as a whole. This would indicate $4,000,000 of needless yearly expense for the one state. For his own protection it is important that the home owner should inspect every possible source of moisture—from base- ment supports to the attic. If the up- rights in the cellar gather dampness, he should treat them to the surgical opera- tion practiced by my neighbor. If he lives in a region of snows, he should see that the snow is kept away from his exterior lumber. The ideal thing is to have the foundation extend above the snow line, but in the case of a house already standing there is still the simple remedy of shoveling the snow away. If the rot attacks the woodwork around the chimney, new metal flashings un- doubtedly are needed. The roof valleys also should be given new flashings, if the old ones are in bad shape, and the whole roof kept in repair. Conductor pipes and down spouts are a fruitful source of danger along the line of decay. The eaves trough may become a menace in any one of several ways— through leaks, through improper fasten- ing which allows it to sag in places and Courtesy U. S. Forest Products Laberatory Dry rot strands will lift moisture 30 ft. prevents free flow of water, or through | becoming clogged with leaves. 4 householder’s remedy is to remove the |] elements of danger before they have |@ resulted in spreading moisture and start. | ing pipelines of decay in the woodwork © of the house. a The interior of the dwelling holds many 7 places of possible infection. It may be}, that an examination of your bathroom flooring will show that there is serious | decay around the water and drainpipes; | this is of common occurrence. ‘The|/7 remedy is easily applied and inexpensive Remove the decayed wood and wrap the | pipes carefully with asbestos or other| insulation, carrying the insulation through | the floor so that the pipes will have no contact with the lumber. This will pre- | vent the trouble caused by moisture “sweated” on to the surface of the pipes | through condensation. N ADDED precaution is found in the | use of creosote on the woodwork sur- |) | rounding and adjacent to the pipes. Cre osote is the natural enemy of decay. 7 Applied with a brush, like paint, it is highly effective in averting rot. Be The pathologist will tell you—with | scientific accuracy—that a can of creosote | and a paint brush for its application form one of the best investments the home owner can achieve. It may be taken asa safe statement that all woodwork exposed || continually to moisture should be creo- || soted. The most effective way of doing 79 this is before construction, but the handy |J paint brush makes it possible to do it with excellent results in a house that is already occupied. One coat of creosote well ap- plied will defer the danger of decay for several years. N EXAMINING his home the owner | may find that posts and joists have their bases or ends molded into concrete. The concrete thus surrounding the timber | may form a pocket which will hold |f enough moisture to make a base for a} far-flung colony of fungi. Wherever pos-| sible the concrete should be removed suf- |f ficiently to destroy the pocket. Where timbers are imbedded in the| ground, it will be found useful to treat the | surrounding soil with an antiseptic for the | elimination of fungus. This may be done; by applying hot creosote freely with spray | or brush. , A constant lookout should be main-| tained for leaks around and under door) frames and windows. These must recelve) prompt repairing, for neglect may easily start a long line of decay. The fundamental rule of rot prevention is: Where infection occurs despite all pre- cautions, the diseased pieces should be re- moved at once. Rot is progressive and infectious, How to repair decayed sills and cracked siding is told on page 106 0) this issue and an article on the patch ing of a shingled roof appeared on page 114 of the December, 1926, issue. _—7.————— © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. The |@

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92 | he | rt. | rk toia, " brook, B. Os Can-

ny || ada. be | om | F us by from March, 1927

not exchange his | electric washer and tea wagon (built _ Blueprints You Will Find Easy to Understand « as I A | any child with common sense can understand them,” writes J. W. Ber- FOR your blueprints, of Cran- He would Blueprints Nos. 12 and 13).

eS; .

are

sur: | PorpuLAR SCIENCE MONTHLY a) 250 Fourth Avenue, New York va GENTLEMEN: Lis Send me the blueprint, or blue- vith prints, | have underlined below, for te |i eS rr cents: SK ue : mic Described orm y \ Title in Issues of Price ome 1. Sewing Table Feb., °22 25¢ asa | 2. Smoking Cabinet Mar., ’22 25c = a 3. End Table Ast. *22 25¢ osed | & 5. Kitchen Cabinet May, °22 25c Te0- | a 8. Shaving Cabinet June, °22 25c . | 9. Arbor, Gate and Seats Joly, °22 25c Ong | Be 10. Porch Swing Aug., °22 25c indy | 11. Bench and Tilt Table Sept., °22 25c wea 12. Electric Washer Grr... 22 25c with 13. Tea Wagon Nov., ’22 25¢ eady 14. Christmas Toys Bec., 22 25c | 15. Workshop Bench Jan. “2s 25c | ap- | 16. Inlaid Radio Cabinet Feb., '23 25c J 17. Cedar Chest Mar., °23 25c y for | 18 oes yne Table and Stool Mar., ’23 25c 19 indfather’s Clock Apr., ’°’23 25¢ 20. Fi it ton Desk Agr., °23 25c ¢ 21. Colonial Desk Apr., °23 25c wher 22. Cabinet and Desk Apr., °23 25c have |f 23. Pergol 4 Garage May, ’23 25c | 24. Gateleg Table June, ’23 25c rete. | 25. Canoe Sailing Outfit July, °’23 25c mber | | 26. Baby's Crib and Pen Sept., °23 25c |e | 27. Kitchen-Cabinet Table Oct., ’23 25c hold | | 28. Pullman Play Table Nov., ’23 25c 29. Toy Tea Cart, etc. Dec, 2a 25c or a | 30. Tool Cabinet, etc. Jan., °24 25c > pos: | 31. Sewing Cabinets Feb., °24 25c 1 sut- | = Smead Game Table Mar., ’24 25c lf 33. Dining Alcove Apr., °24 25c¢ 34. Garden Trellises May, ’24 25c 1 the 35. Simple Radio Cabinet Oct., °24 — 25c ; 36. Rush-Bottom Chair Nov., ’24 25¢ ut the 37. Simplified Bookcase Dec., °’24 25c or the 38. Sheraton Table Jen., °25 25¢ we 39. Salem Chest Feb., °25 25c done 40. Desk in Sheraton Style Mar., °'25 25c spray ‘1. One-Tube Radio Set May, ’25 25c¢ = Pos < Staap_ Angler a "as. -39e a 9. Four-Tube Receiver july, ‘25 25c mail: | 44. F pirate Ship Model—Hull Feb, "26 25c a | 45. Pi rate Ship—Details Mar., ’26 25c 00 46. Galleon Model—Hull May, ’26 25c eceive| Galleon Model—Details June, ’26 25c easily | = — ling = Model July, °26 25c | . room Cabinet Aug., ’26 25c 90. Airplane Model (Flying) Sept., ’26 25c ontion . = ipper Ship Model Hull Oct., °26 25c 2¢. ilpper Model—Details Oct., ’26 25c II pre- = os pper Model Rigging Nov., ’26 25c be re-| »*. Five-Tube Radio Set Oct., “26 25c¢ v€ 36, Five-Tube Set—Details Oct., °26 25¢ e and 96. Bird and Animal Toys Dec., °26 25¢ | 4 Ys stitution Model—Hull Jan., °’27 25c se stitution Rigging Feb., °27 25c so" 7 titution—Rigging Mar., °27 25c¢ h Dresser Mar., °27 25c Vame . and : ea re B of Pi nt na »d address very clearly) patch ROS 55s sche, MUN SR ne Cea See Mee Ooh n page ( ‘Reonnamens —" aaa Complete List of Blueprints NY ONE of the blueprints listed below can be obtained from PoruLAR ScieENCE Montuiy for 25 cents. The corresponding back issue of the magazine, in which the project was described in detail, can be had for 25 cents additional so long as copies available. The Editor will be glad to answer any specific questions rela- tive to tools, material, or equipment,

© This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 105

The spring puts magic into “YANKEE” No. 130-A JUST PUSH! The spring in handle and ‘“‘Yankee”’ Spiral do the work for you—and save your time. Without loss of a second, the spring brings handle back ready for the next push. And the tension keeps blade in screw-slot, leaving one hand free to hold work. One handed, you can quickly drive (or draw) screws in the most difficult places with this “Yankee” Quick-Return Spiral Ratchet Screw-driver No. 130-A. Right-hand Ratchet, Left-hand Ratchet and Rigid. Three sizes of bits. No. 130-A. Standard size. No. 131-A. Heavy pattern. No. 135. —_ Light pattern.

“Yankee” Spiral Ratchet Screw-drivers, without the Quick-Return feature, No. 30-A, No. 31-A, No. 35. Some Other ‘‘Yankee”’ Toots

Ratchet Bit Braces Automatic Push Drills Ratchet Breast and Hand Drills Plain Screw-drivers Automatic Feed Bench Drills Ratchet Tap Wrenches Vises—removable base **Yankee’’ on the tool you buy means the utmost in quality, efficiency and durability Dealers Everywhere Sell **Yankee”’ Tools FREE New ‘‘Yankee”’ Tool Book This interesting little book is for all lovers of fine tools. It tells just what you want to know about all the famous ‘‘Yankee”’ Tools for making work easier and quicker. Nortu Bros. Mre. Co. Philadelphia, U. S. A. ~ YANKEE” TOOLS Make Beller mechanics

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ao St 4 opularity Plus! Yours with this most winning of all | musical instruments. Step out of the crowd. Be the popular favorite. Earn your welcome everywhere with a BUESCHER... CTrue "Tone Saxophone Girls and boys, young and old, love the musicofthe Saxophone. Itssweet song charms them. Easily played, soft or loud. Harmonizes perfectly with voice or other instrument. You Can Do It, Easy Don’ t let anyone tell you that you | can’t. Within a week you can be playing tunes. 3 lessons free with each new instru- ment explain fingering and give you quick easy start. And if you are talented, you might even be a wizard like Tom Brown, whose Buescher Saxophone has made him famous and rich. 6 Days’ Free Trial, Easy Terms Trya Buescher, anyinstrument you choose in your own home, Six Days FREE. This is a most liberal offer. No obligation. If you like the instru- ment, pay a little each month. Play as you pay. Mail the coupon below and get the details. BUESCHER BAND INSTRUMENT CO. Everything in Band and Orchestra Instruments 1931 Buescher Block Elkhart, Indiana This beautiful book gives the | complete history of the Sax- ophone, andtellswhythe Buescher is so easy to learn | to play. Init you will find the first lesson chart and many interesting pictures. Sent ree to anyone interested in purchasing a saxophone. BUESCHFR BAND INSTRUMENT CO. 7 1931 Buescher Block, Elkhart, Indiana. Gentlemen: Without obligating me in any way please send me your free a lite -rature. I am interested in the in- 7 strument checked below : Saxophonef) Cornet) TrumpetOD Trombone) } Tubal a | Mention any other How old are you? Write omni Name, ‘sities ess, Town and State in Margin Below | | | | | | | | | | | | | | L POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 197 3 The SHIPSHAPE HOME! The point of a com- pass saw is used to cut out the siding A. E. ELLING IDING, as the boards which cover the exterior of a frame house are called, rarely rots. Through long exposure, how- ever, it becomes very brittle, especially if the painting has been neglected. As moisture will enter in cracks in the siding and cause the paint to blister and peel, and possibly lead to serious rotting of the framework that supports the houise, it is essential to make repairs promptly. When many splits and loose nails are found, especially at a corner of the build- ing where the corner boards show signs of rot, you may be sure that there is some ED FIG I. | BEVELED SIDING —-~ 4 ROUND — “co RNER BOARD —4 CORNER POST ——~ SHEATHING — ae ae I tin tig LA talon Unless cracks in beveled alias are given prompt attention, the post and s:lls may rot Making Repairs to the Exterior of a Frame House opening which lets in moisture freely, 7% This must be looked for and remedied The opening may be quite a distance up, even at the roof gutter. When the corner board is removed, often the corner post will be found rotted If the plaster in the room inside is sound, it will not be necessary to cut a com. plete section of the post out. Chop out the rotted part roughly and patch the post with a piece of two by four or other roug! wood. When a house has sheathing boards under the siding, the corner post may be decayed a little without greatly affecting 7 its stability, but this is not true of the sills | (Fig. 3). If it is seen, after removing a piece of the corner board at the bottom, that the sill has rotted away, remove a section of | the water table and bevel cap (Fig. 3) as far as the decay goes, and replace with § a new sill; this usually measures 4 by 6 in. If the old sill is so badly decayed that the corner posts and_ studs _ have sunk slightly into it, the side wall should be jacked up while the new piece is in & serted. The difficulty in repairing beveled sid- ing lies chiefly in removing the split pieces and the nails which hold them. Drivea wide, thin chisel or, better still, a thin iron pry bar gently under the edge of the # piece just above the one which is cracked. 7 Pry up about 1% in. and insert two smal wedges or blocks (Fig. 1). Then, with the point of a compass saw, cut out the piece § to be removed, after marking guide line with a small try-square. V ITH acold chisel bend slightly each nail passing through the piece 4 siding that has been raised by the wedges: then remove the wedges and tap the piece back in place. The heads of the nails wil be forced through the surface so that ther § may be gripped with a claw hammet. Some mechanics prefer to drive the nail’ right through the siding with a nail set. but that leaves a large hole and had bes be avoided wherever possible. A new piece now must be marked with a square and cut to make an exact fy Tight joints are imperative in this work. If a number of pieces are to be cut out one below the other, begin at the top. I no case in the finished work must lt joint come directly over another; the joints must be broken as in Fig. 2. As corner boards and quarter round molding are of varying dimensions, tt new pieces will have to be made to mate the old. Cut off the old corner hoarts square across, but have the saw tp upward, if possible, 10 give a beveled ct! at the joint and, of course, cut the nef piece to match. Set the nails for puttyin and give a priming coat of paint at once © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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March, 1927 Boiler Joints ough yards iv be cting > sills Ce of t the on of 3) as with me by 6 saved have hould is Il d sid- pieces rive a 1) 1r0l f the acked, small th the . piece e lines Cracked v each ece ol ‘edges: e piece ils will at they mmer. e nails ail sel. ad best a with act fit S WOT ~ut oul, top. In ust one er; the Loose Grease Cups and Nuts r round yns, the o mat . boards Wy Whi 4 Leaky Pails HERE are hundreds of uses for Smooth-On No. 1 around the house—and every time you use Smooth-On you save money. Maybe it is fifty cents saved on mending a pail, kettle, or pot—maybe $5 saved on work around the car—or it may be a $15 plumbing bill. Don’t pay a lot of money to a pro- fessional fixer—a garage man, plumber or tinkerer—to do little jobs you can do yourself. With a few cents worth of Smooth-On you can permanently stop leaks in the gas, oil, or coal stove, hot air furnace, steam or hot water boiler, steam, water or gas pipes, radiators, gas fixtures, lamps, water tank, etc. Around the car you can quickly stop leaks in the radiator, water jacket, hose connections, heater and the gaso- line tank with Smooth-On No. 1. Going back into the house you will find scores more of money-saving uses for Smooth-On. With this wonderful Iron Cement you can fix loose broom handles, Jocks, door knobs, screws, casters, bathroom fixtures, tool handles, etc. Smooth-On No. 1 is sold in 7-02., 1-lb. and 5-lb. cans. r If you can't get the size you want from your dealer, write direct to us and we will see that you are : Hy J supplied. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Stove Pipe Leaks cep the Home Shipshape with SMOOTH ~and save money FREE BOOKLET Every day we receive letters from enthusiastic users who tell us how they have used Smooth-On to do jobs that professional fixers would charge two, five, or ten dollars to do. For the handy -man-around -the- house, we have prepared a special booklet that tells how to make home and automobile repairs with Smooth- On. This booklet isn’t a catalogue, but a helpful, usable guide that tells in text and pictures how each repair should be made—how to keep the home ship shape—how to save money. It is a veritable handy-man’s encyclopedia. You can have it free if you fill in and mail the coupon. Send today for this booklet ‘How to Make Home and Automobile Repairs,” and stop in at your Hardware Store and get a small can of Smooth-On No, 1 as a starter. Once you realize how easy Smooth-On is to apply, and what good result you can get, you will always want a can of it in your home and ready for an emergency job. : Please send free booklet on Home and Automobile Repairs eled cil the nef puttyit at onc © This seal on a radio, Doit with SMOOTHON / tool or oil burner advertisement signifiez the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. Smooth-On Mfg. Co., Dept. 58 5738 Communipaw Ave., Jersey City, N. J. I> // i a LTT FREE BOOKLET , Send now ,

Page 112

VICTOREEN RHEOSTAT Zero temperature coeficient. In- creased number of turns of wire. Third terminal to simplify wiring. Five resist- ances—2,6, 10, 20, 30 ohms—$1.50 each. Victoreen Potentiom- eters—200, 400 ohms— $1.50 each. AUDIO CONTROL UNIT Permits minimum number of panel controls and consists of 3 rheostats of proper ohmage mounted on the bakelite base Controls the second detector and idio tube ‘se Type 3-R for 201A tubes. Use Type 3-R-1 for power tube Price, $4.50 each. ICTORE in Super Sets Means Volume, Selectivity and Satisfaction A Victoreen Super is the last word in radio. If you have never built a set using the Victoreen Universal Cir- cuit, you have missed one of the greatest pleasures in radio. Ask your dealeror send to us for blueprint and folder giving complete . informa- tion. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 19) , VICTOREEN R-F TRANSFORMERS Tuned to a precision within one-third of one per cent—made by a pioneer radio manufac- turer. Two types—No. 170 for use with regular tubes; No. 171 for dry cell tubes. Price, $7.00. a 2 se 5» MASTER CONTROL UNIT This one dial unit has been socon- structed that by means of compen- sator controlling the antenna con- denser, adjustment is permitted up to a 360-degree verniermotion. Used in circuits employing two or more con- densers of the same capacity. Easy to mount—No change in wiring necessary Two condenser type—Price, $19.50 Each additional The George W. Walker Co. 1 Price, $4.50 6528 Carnegie Avenue Cleveland, Ohio © Merchandisers of Victoreen Radio Products FEW weeks ot pleasurable practice Frnt mended ng oe car Aes saxo- phone which enables you to entertain yourselfand friends. Be popular, increase your income if you wish! Start now with aneasy-playing Conn. Choice of world’s foremost artists—and costs no more. Free Trial, Easy Payments on any Conn.W rite for Free Book, details. Ltd., 332 Conn Bldg. Elkhart, Ind. "ADDING MACHINE VEST. 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Presents lifetime opportunity in Radio Right now we want live agents and dealers in every locality: up to $100 a week easy. 40% TO 60% PROFIT Simply send name for — this big illustrated book explaining liberal profit proposition and how to ge atest radio goods at wholesale. Also prices on parts, sets and accessories and amazing special offers-all free. Write today. STANDARD RADIO CO. 1404 Walnut St., Kansas City, Mo. 250 POWER MICROSCOPE IN U.S.A. Educational and entertaining, this fine nstrument familiarizes young and old with life around us thatisinvisibleto the unaided eye. Tinyi nsects appear as mon- sters. Plant and mineral life revealnew beautiesi nf orm and color. Idea lforstudents, home, office, dentists, phy- Sicians, scientists and lab- oratory. Precise optical qualities, giving va- riable magnification from 100 to 250 di- ameters. Tilting stand. Black finish, nickel trim. Com- ae with plush ined case, prepared slide anid instruc- tions. 100 Power Model $8.50. Atyour dealer or direct, pomeets. Money & ack guarantee, Ss Further information free upon request. Wollensak Optical Company 895 Hudson Avenue : Rochester, N. Y. ht Sg © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. a 20-degree variancy incapacity, with | Outside Painting Troubles and Their Cure 3y Berton Exxiot after dinner. ‘‘ You know the last time they were over to get some information ] about painting, we had time to go over] only two or three of their questions, and disap. Mrs. Andrews seemed rather pointed.” We were soon seated about the fire. | place of our neighbors’ home. Mrs Andrews had the old familiar sheet of | questions unrolled and ready for refer. | ence. “First thing before we start down the list,” I put in quickly, “I want to saya @ word about blistering, as this is a sort of When blisters occur, they must be scraped off 4 and the rough my edges smoothed with sandpaper first cousin to peeling, which we discussed so thoroughly before. “Blisters are places in the paint film which become detached from the surface and puff out instead of peeling or scaling off. As a rule they occur only in newly applied paint. They are generally caused by moisture in the wood seeking its way out. elastic, blisters. stretches and This form of trouble is most common in midsummer painting, when | the heat of the blazing sun draws the moisture out and vaporizes it rapidly. Blisters often disappear in a short time, but nevertheless the paint still remaims detached, and when the paint film be- comes brittle it scales away. “When repainting, all blisters should be opened up with the corner of a putty | knife and all loose scales scraped off as far back as they can be. you may have future trouble. The rough edges should be (Continued on page 109 — ee PS. oe om acs & 5 2 ET’S go over to the Andrews.” 1% suggested to Mrs. Elliot one evening |& sandp new | let's h * \ some appea They of the this s ever } i‘: cause in the of oil suffic! gloss seen porou linsee fact, will a A sca breed whicl make that pigm se | Andr Was § prob! hous the | and ; L dic mad inter One or oO} troul pore! very surta surta oll, t mue with The new paint film, being very | expands into | Otherwise boar and | with | bec curs with the. that due Son or | Cou to a stoy the cor) ing doe sur fas wil als hie

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March, 1927 Outside Painting (Continued from page 108) sandpapered down before applying the new paint. Now, then, Mrs. Andrews, let's have your questions.” “Well, here’s the first one: [ve noticed some houses where spots of different sizes appear after the paint has become dry. They are generally lighter than the rest of the paint and less glossy. You don’t see this so often, but it looks very bad when- ever you see it. What causes it?” “I THE appearance of spots—‘spotting,’ the painters call it—is geverally caused by unusually soft and porous places in the wood, which draw in a great deal of oil from the paint. There is then not sufficient oil in the paint film to give it a gloss over these places. Where wood is seen to be of a very soft, spongy and porous nature, an extra amount of linseed oil should be used. As a matter of fact, the use of a generous amount of oil will assure freedom from many troubles. A scant amount of oil is always a trouble breeder. Oil, you know, is the element which gives paint a fine, rich gloss, and makes it last. Rapid loss of gloss indicates that not enough oil was used to bind the pigments properly.” “That is interesting.” remarked Mrs. Andrews. *‘‘Who’d have thought there was so much to it. Now here’s the next problem: The last time we had our house painted, there were some places on the back porch where the paint wiggled and squirmed about and didn’t stay put. I didn’t notice how the painter finally made it work, as I wasn’t so much interested in painting then.” “FRAT is called ‘crawling,’ ”’ Lreplied. It may be due to different'reasons. One of the most common ones is a greasy or oily surface. That was probably the trouble in this case, as on many back porches there are old boards which are very greasy. Paint will not stick to greasy surfaces, and where it is known that the surface has been subjected to grease or oil, the best thing to do is to wipe up as much as you can with a cloth saturated with gasoline or benzene. Then scrub the boards with a strong solution of hot water aud sal soda, and rinse off thoroughly with clear water. Be sure to let the boards become thoroughly dry before painting. “Many times, however, crawling oc- curs where the surface is not saturated with grease or oil, and it is hard to trace the cause. It may be due to oily deposits that are not visible to the eye. It may be due to too much gloss in the undercoats. Sometimes it is because the surface is wet or cold at the time of painting. Of Course, if you find that the trouble is due toa wet or cold surface, you can simply stop painting, or move to another side of the building, until the condition is Corrected, _ “Ifthe reason is not apparent, try add- lg turpentine to the paint. If this does hot correct the trouble, wipe over the ‘urlace with a cloth wet with high test gasoline, turpentine or naphtha. ’ This will remove greasy substances, if any, and aso cut the (Continued on page 110) POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY We Advise Men— “Don’t Buy, Yet— Accept, first, a 10-day tube of this unique shaving cream to try” GENTLEMEN :— We've been in business enough years to know that major success of a product rests entirely upon the merits of the product itself— not upon advertising, not upon “selling talk.” So from the beginning we asked nobody to buy Palmolive Shaving Cream; but first to accept, free, a 10-day tube to try. That has brought this compara- tively new preparation to a top place in its field in a remarkably short time. We made it on the expressed desires of 1000 men who told us what they wanted in a shaving cream. They named four things— we met them all, then added a fifth to make the supreme creation. We think it will surpass your present favorite in these 5 ways. Please mail the coupon, and prove the point at our expense. These 5 advantages 1. Multiplies itself in lather 250 times. Pp . Softens the beard in one minute. . Maintains its creamy fullness for 10 minutes on the face. w 4. Strong bubbles hold the hairs erect for cutting. 5. Fine after-effects due to palm and olive oil content. Just send coupon Your present method may suit you well. But still there may be a better one. This test may mean much to you in comfort. Send the coupon before you forget. THE PALMOLIVE COMPANY (Del. Corp.), CHICAGO, ILL, 3460 To add the final touch to shaving luxury, we have created Palmolive After Shaving Talc—especially for men. Doesn't show. Leaves the skin smooth and fresh, and gives that well- groomed look. Try the sample we are sending free with the tube of Shaving Cream. There are new delights here for every man who shaves. Please let us prove them to you. Clip coupon now. © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. 109 and a can of Palmolive After Shaving Talc 10 SHAVES FREE Simply insert your name and Palmolive Company (Wis. Corp.), Milwaukee, Wis. Please print your name and address address and mail to Dept. B-1291, The Palmolive Company (Del. Corp.), 3702 Iron Street, Chicago, III Residents of Wisconsin should address The

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ‘‘What’s Andy Blair Doing Now?” Bill—‘‘Haven’t you heard? He’s the new sales-manager for Hess & Schoble and they say his salary is $7500 a year.”’ Tom—‘He certainly has come up fast. He wasn’t getting over $50 a week the last time I saw him. How’d he do it?” Bill—‘‘Took up a course with the I.C.S. and studied at night. That’s why the old crowd hasn’t seen so much of him in the last few years. I wish I’d had the sense to do it too. I’d be making more money right now if I had.” Why don’t you study and get ready for promotion too? We'll be glad “s help you if you will only mak start. And the way to do that is easy. Choose the work you like best in the coupon be- } e the | lov then mark and mail it to the International Correspondence Schools today. This doesn’t obligate you in the least, but it will bring you’ information that will help to start you on a successful career. This is your opportunity. Don’t let it slip by. Mail the Coupon for Free Booklet INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS box 7626-E, Scranten, Penna. Without cost we obligation, ple ase send me a copy of your booklet, “‘Who Wins and Why,” and full ' ee about the course before which I have marked X: BUSINESS TRAINING COURSES JBusiness Management []Salesmanship Industrial Management JAdvertising Personnel Organization [ ]Better Letters ze aftic Management [JShow Card Lettering Business Law _]Stenography and Typ ing (JEnglish P.A.)OCivil Service [Railway Mail Clerk Common School Subjects [JHigh School Subjects [ }Illustrating [ JCartooning TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL COURSES Electrical Engineering OArchitect Electric Lighting —— and Banking rer ountancy (ineludin Nic holson Cost aeaeeiien sookkeeping Private Secretary Spanish French JArchitects’ Blueprints Mechanical Engineer jContractor and Builde 2 Mechanical Draftsman [ JArchitectural Draftsman Machine Shop Practice Oe oncrete Builder allroad Positions [ Structural Engineer Gas Engine Operating [JChemistry ([) Pharmacy Civil En gineer | JAutomobile Work Surveying and Mapping Airplane Engines Metallurgy Mining Agriculture and Poultry Steam Engineering [) Radio [Mathematics iN NairtiidiucSuicatesinasstbeckaseniwientvesuiouas csi te, Lene te Ce EF RESET OT Te Te EE City Raa ae ae Occupation If you res de ne ney se “t thi is coupon to the Interne tional Correspondence Schools Canadian Limited, Montreal Do Wonderful Chemical | Tricks and Experiments FD Junior! Make ink, dye cloth, i water and soil. Puzzle your friends with magic chemical tricks; write secret letters with invisible ink; pour brown, blue and black liquid from a pitcher of water: make magic writing paper. You can do these and many Other stunts with this wonderful outfit. Get yours now. Order at once and we will include the new 1927 “Boy's Hand Book of Chemistry,” a regular 25-cent book containing 60 pages of ex- periments, formulae, chemical facts and money-making ideas Both for 35c only. The Porter Chethical Co., 115 Summit Ave., Hagerstown, Md. © This seal on a Outside Painting (Continued from page 109) gloss to allow the next coat to take hold. This will be almost sure to remedy the trouble “And now—here’s the last one,” said Mrs. Andrews, referring to the list, and studying the next question for a moment to recall some of the details. ‘Cousin Frieda told me that the last time they painted, the paint was awfully slow drying, and remained soft and sticky for a long time. This was bad because dust and insects and pollen from the trees stuck to it, and discolored it badly within a short time. She said there were some places that haven't dried yet, and she doesn’t know what to do about repainting them. What’s the reason for this, and what can be done about it?” ELL,” I replied, “‘there are a number of things that may cause slow-drying or ‘tacky’ paint, as it is gener- ally termed. One of the most frequent is the use of adulterated linseed oil, kero- sene, fish oil, rosin oil, mineral oils or other non-drying oils in the paint instead of, or in addition to, pure linseed oil. Then again, linseed oil which has stood for a considerable while exposed to the air and become rancid, or which has become thick in the bottom of barrels, may cause slow drying. Painting over surfaces that have been washed with sal soda without rinsing off with clear water will sometimes cause it. ‘*“As to what to do where the paint is still tacky at the time of repainting—”’ I went on, “in some cases a mixture of three fourths turpentine and one fourth drier will dry up the sticky paint. In other cases a coat of aluminum paint will do it. You can try one of these remedies ona small section of surface. If it doesn’t ‘do the trick,’ try the other cne. If neither one eliminates the sticky con- dition of the surface, about the only thing left is to burn off the defective coating and repaint. ** And now that we’ve come to the end of the list,” I concluded, “I’m sure that you will be able to keep out of, or get out of, most of the common paint troubles. However, if there is anything else that bothers vou at any time, be sure to ask me about it.” also Mr. Elliot's last remarks may be re- garded as addressed to readers of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY as well as to Mrs. Andrews. If you encounter paint troubles which he has not mentioned in his series of articles, do not hesitate to write, inclosing a self-addressed and stamped envelope. Another ‘‘trouble shooting’’ article is scheduled for the April issue. Removing Rust from Tools V HEN I found recently that my steel square had become so rusty that even sandpaper was not of much use in cleaning it, I put a teaspoonful of a common kitchen cleanser on the surface and rubbed it with a rag moistened with kerosene. This removed the rust without much effort.—Wittarp R. Jounson. March, 19y The Lure of the Ancient Trail Tuere are trails that are older than history Waiting for you today. Out through the purple hills they lead to that land of dreams- come-true. Go follow these trails—these water trails at the helm of a sturdy “Old Town Canoe.” For “Old Town Canoes” are durable and strong. They are light in weight and sur- prisingly easy to handle. Their lines are graceful and trim—patterned after actual Indian models. Remarkably low in price too, $58.00 up. From dealer or factory. Free illustrated catalog gives prices and complete information about sailing canoes, § square stern canoes for out board motors, din- & ghies, etc. Write today. Orn Town Canoz | Co., 1793 Main Street, Old Town, Maine. ‘Old Town Canoes | World Radio Storage “B” Battery Proved value. magical. Clear, true power—instantly and unendingly. Wise economy. tion. Recharged for almost nothing. Endorsed and listed a3 standard by famous Radio institutions including Pop. Radio Laboratories, Pop. Sci. Inst. Standards, Radio News Lab. Lefax, Inc., and other Radio authorities. be said? Extra Offer: 4 Batteries in series (96 volts) $10.5). Send No Money ts cash with order. 1219 So. 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Makers of the Famous World U equipped w ith Solid ubber C JERRY SULLIVAN — Director and Announcer —‘Chi- °G ARTER/ ‘OHT-OHM’’ Volume Control Banish fear from March, Cc from job mad mol for F trat mot saw 361 A fit t« ter arm rece wit] the A pull — your set. your 2 part is an origi- Half Carter parts are Bise insurance that yourset will perform and give lasting sat- isfaction. Each nal design for a specific purpose. The better set designers designate Carter Parts. They stake their reputations on Carter results. Any dealer can show you why. In Canada: Carter Radio Co., Limited, Toronto. ARTER RADIO Co. CHICAGO as IS) See page 8.

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9 March, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY CHIMNEYS, espe- cially those in soft coal districts, re- Cleaning a Chimney from time to time. This is an unwelcome i] job for the home owner, but it can be made easier by using a bundle of auto- mobile skid chains on the end of a rope for scraping clean the flues.—J.D.G. quire cleaning Skid chains are lowered into the flue to H d. From articles ffomemade gathered up in my Floor Sander garage, I built the floor sander illus- trated. A quarter-horsepower electric motor was taken from a small circular saw and fastened to a plank 114 by 12 by 36 in. A wooden roller 5 in. in diameter was fitted with a 14-in. pipe through the cen- ter to serve as a shaft. Two 1 in. square arms of maple were made and bored to receive the ends of the pipe. Brass plates with corresponding holes were screwed to the arms as bearings. A 3-in. wooden pulley to match the pulley on the motor was made and fas- 1 ‘rom s are ance twill and r Sat- Hach origi The arter tions Floor sander made from scrap parts and run by a quarter-horsepower electric motor tened on one end of the shaft. Then the aris were screwed to the side of the plank at an angle, as shown. A cleat was fastened across the arms close to where they joined the plank. A wooden door bumper was screwed into the center of this cleat as a handle for guiding the sander over the floor. After a groove had been cut lengthwise across the roller, five sheets of sandpaper were Wrapped around and fastened with nails driven into the groove in such a way that their heads could not touch the floor. direct ion. eT acy C. FRALEY. Four casters were placed under the plank to allow the sander to be rolled in any The motor turns the sandpaper roll at high speed provided the machine is lot pressed down too heavily against the fom Las 4 Ck Yores Facts Fore Melporis Ulixitt ff Clear vision comes from clear thinking; clear thinking can come only from accurate knowledge and accurate information. Clear thinking based upon dependable facts marks the successful man—the man of decision and action. Nelson’s Loose-Leaf Encyclopaedia is a com- plete Reference Library, accurate, concise, authoritative. It covers the whole field of knowledge from the dawn of civilization to the pres- ent day. Fifteen minutes a day with Nelson’s will enable you to think clearly, to decide promptly, to be a leader among men. ’ ip ap Pe : “a @ + jp ep ELSON:S.. - , Perpetual Loose-Leat ENCYC LOPAEDIA- & Research Bureau for Special Information The New Complete Index Volume five volumes. THE GREAT AMERICAN ENCYCLOPAEDIA Dedicated, by permission, to Calvin Coolidge, President of the United States ALWAYS DOWN TO DATE—Nine times out of ten, the information you want is of curt All Encyclopaedias, except Nelson's, are deficient in this important thing. The information whi is obsolete is worse than none at all. You do not use a City Directory that is two years old. use an Encyclopaedia that is five or ten years old? Every six months all subscribers to NELSON’S 250 pages or more—between 500 and 700 pages eact receive their Renewal Pages NELSON'S accurate and down to date. Nelson’s FREE Research Bureau This Index of 900 pages—more than 200,000 references— immensely increases the value of the Encyclopaedia. Were each subject contained in Nelson’s treated under a sep- arate heading the work would expand to fifty or seventy- The Index, by listing all these headings within a single volume, makes available a mass of infor- mation otherwise scattered through the twelve volumes. It is the Key which unlocks thousands of hidden treasures in Nelson’s Loose-Leaf Encyclopaedia. ent issue. 1 year—to keep FREE Educational Reading Courses FOR SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AND SPE- CIAL INFORMATION AND COR- RESPONDENCE. Every purchaser of Nel- son's is entitled to FREE membership in this Bureau. If at any time you are in doubt on any subject, old or new, write to this Bureau with the positive assurance that you will promptly receive the latest obtainabie and most depend- able information. This Wonderful Encyclopaedia brings you the knowledge of the centuries. It stands ready to answer any conceivable ques- tion in Aeronautics, Agriculture, Astronomy, Biography, Biology, Botany, Chemistry, Edu- cation, Electricity, Engineering, Mechanics and Machinery, Geology and Geography, History, Law, Mathematics, Medicine and Surgery, Military and Naval Science, Music, Literature and the Fine Arts, Political Science, Sociology and Economics, Religion, Sports, Technology, Manufactures. A Reader’s Guide to Nelson's Loose-Leaf En- cyclopaedia, including thir three (33) course on as many subjects—from Aeronautics t Zoology—is furnished WITHOUT COST to al subscribers. These reading courses are de clared by educational authorities to be to a col.ege course in each | o THOMAS NELSON & SONS Publishers Since 1798 Originators of the Loose-Leaf Reference System PSM-M 381 Fourth Ave., New York City Send me FREE, your Book of Specimen Pages with full information of your offer telling how I can own Nelson's Loose-Leaf Encyclopaedia on the Bucget Small Monthly Payment Flan. Street 3 Sor ree .. State (Adv. Copyright, 1927, by Thomas Nelson & Sona) © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 197) Your Machines Reach for Higher Ratings Let machines count their product on Veeder Count- ers, and every gain in production-rate is a step toward higher records— Your machines are devel- oped in just those details which make for more ca- pacity and a higher count. You bring out the best in machine design and the best efforts of the operator, by reaching for the pro- duction-rating held out by your COUNTER The small Revolution Counter be- low registers one for a revolution of a shaft, recording a machine operation, or product. Though small, this counter is very durable; its mechanism will stand a very high rate of speed, making it especially _ suit- able for light, fast-running ma- } chines and most adaptable to ex- perimental work. If run backward the counter sub- tracts. Price $2.00. (Cut 4/5 size.) Small Rotary Ratchet Counter, to register reciprocating movements, also $2.00. The Revolution Set-Back Counter below records the output of the larger machines where a_shaft- een” indicates an operation. Sets back to zero from any figure by turning knob once around. Supplied with from four to ten figure-wheels, as_re- quired. Price with four figure-wheels as illustrated, $10.00—subject to dis- count. Cut less than one-half size. Set- Back Rotary Ratchet Counter, to record reciprocating movements as on punch presses, $11.50 (list). The Veeder booklet shows in- struments that “count every- thing on earth.’”’ See them— by sending for the book. The Veeder Mfg. Co. 44 Sargeant St. Hartford, Conn. — Next Month—cA Simple Viking Ship Model OU will have a rare chance next month to take up the fascinating hobby of ship model making. The first of a new series of articles is to appear telling how to build a _ picturesque Viking ship model, designed especially for those who have never made a model before. It is one of the simplest yet most decorative models that has come from the workbench of Capt. E. Armitage McCann. The model represents a staunch and colorful open boat such as that in which Lief Erickson is supposed to have made his hazardous passage of the Atlantic in the tenth century. The hull ts 20% in. over all. The prow and stern stand high; shields with gay Celtic devices line the rails, and the single large square sail is brilliantly striped and embla- zoned. The lines of the hull are from the *‘Gokstad”’ ship, which was dug up in Norway and now is in the University Museum, Christiania. He Built a Little Circus (Contin ued from page 71) finished my sixty-five wagons,” Joe says, “and the twenty tents, and a hundred and sixty-five horses and the animals -making horses and animals out of inch- thick pine with jigsaw and carving tools— | I laid away saw, lathe, electric motor and automobile enamels (for the equipment | has the best paint possible) and sought to solve the lighting problem. show carries its own electric plant. gasoline engines, dvnamos and conduits. and they all told me that I could not get steady light from any engine and dynamo I might pick up at a price within my means. But [ refused to give up. Finally a good angel in the person of the owner of one of Rockford’s largest knitting mills heard of my dilemma and presented me with a dynamo and engine. The latter is of the two-cycle tvpe—imufled, at the neighbors’ request, with an old — ord mufller. After fourteen hours of running with changes of pulleys on both engine and dynamo [ was able to hook up the one hundred and fifty lamps which light my tents and circus ‘lot.’ “T now have a 110-volt electric light plant, with switchboard and many line switches, three hundred and fifty feet of conduit: many feeder wires and sock- ets: flood lights for the larger tents.” Taggart has not commercialized his en- terprise although he has had many op- portunities to do so. “I have merely capitalized my love for the circus,” he says. “It has been a heap of fun and I | have learned a lot—especially patience.” The real big | lighting | Officially Specified an the Popular Science Monthly **POWERFUL”’ RECEIVER and fifteen other featured circuits. Write for Folder HAMMARLUND MEG. co! 424-438 W. 33rd Street, New York City ; Jor Better Radio’ ammarlund, PRODUCTS a pe "a"a"a"as RERREREE SS ee ee Seana : Bradleyometer THE PERFECT POTENTIOMETER s# Uses graphite disc resistors which are a, noiseless and not se alfected by atmos- s" pheric conditions, ®, Metal parts are nickel rs plated. One hole = mounting. Finish "a and knob match 5 "= Bradleystat. Made in Sa 2 " 2° 200 and 400 ohm Se : ee , ratings. > Allen-Bradley J 's Electric Controlling Apparatus “ 293Greenfield Avenue Milwaukee, Wis, as SRE EROER EEE ELE suai I talked with electricians about | eC! | “Saving Money onHlome Repairs Tells how to repair furniture, wood- work, leather, crockery, china, linoleum, etc.—the easy way—with Sure-Grip Glue. Sure-Grip is the glue used by most Manual Training Schools for a work. Get a can from your des ale or learn how easy repairing can be done in your own home. The work will be permanent too, If your dealer cannot sup- ply you, send us 25c and a large three-ounce can and the book “‘The Art of Repairing in the Home” will be mailed to you, postpaid, Address Dept. M SURE-GRIP ADHESIVES, Inc., Albany,N.Y. You have within you the potential powers 0 achieve success, But how to develop these powers! How to use them effectually ! How to succeed ® The Keystone Success System teaches you how through short, easy lessons at home. Don’t envy fame; send for ‘‘The Rook of Success.’? It’s FREE. Write today! J. S. OGILVIE PUBLISHING CO. 57 Rose St., New York Dept. 80 © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. March

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19 March, 1927 — ’ ~ Bench Board for ‘ | K VEN a kitchen table can be used as a Kitchen Table bench for light woodwork if a com- | bination bench block of the type illus- trated is made. It serves as a sort of a vise. a bench stop, a “‘shoot”’ board for | planing end grain, and a regular bench block for sawing, chiseling and various _ other purposes. For any light work such as building ship models, constructing ) RD %%7x2-0° | work STOP END BLOCK This ingenious fixture serves as a vise, “shoot’’ board, and regular bench block toys and for making small repairs, it is invaluable wherever a well equipped bench is not available. The block is made of 7-in. hardwood, preferably maple, birch or oak. Jt con- | sists of a baseboard, A, 7 by 24 in., witha block, B, 134 by 7 in., screwed under one end and a block, C, 134 by 5 in., on the upper side at the other end. A piece 514 by 16 in. is sawed in three parts to form guides D and E and wedge F. The saw cut dividing E and F should be made at an angle so as to form a dove- tail slide: this makes it impossible for the wedge to rise even under great pressure and jarring. Steck which is to be held for planing the long edges is placed along- side D, with one end against C, and clamped by means of wedge F. It will be noted that parts D and E are kept back 7¢ in. from C. That is so that — TF — ced ee = Bowe = | _ the loose block, G, 24% by 5 in., can be | luserted in the slot thus made when the hoard is to be used as an ordinary bench Top, side, and end views of the bench block, which is made of % in, thick wood block for sawing and chiseling and as a | “shoot” board for planing the end grain ol small pieces. In the latter process, the plane is placed on its side on the base- | board \ and is held lightly against guide ers to E. The work rests across D, E and F and ower! 's held firmly against G. u how Block H, 134 by 5 in., is fastened so t ‘ ce : » hat it may be raised above the surface rh C. when necessary, to serve as a stop ‘or planing thin wood.—L. G. FELLows. . Another type of kitchen table work- €nch will be described in an early issue. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY’ 113 $2750 in 39 Cash Prizes For the Best Examples of Old Houses Remodeled and Insulated with EDGE-GRAIN — RED CEDAR — STAINED SHINGLES Many old houses can be insulated and made into modern homes with very little expense by laying stained shingles over the old siding. You may own or buy an old house which a few dollars will make more comfortable and val- uable than a new one which would cost you many thousands of dollars. If your remodeling and reshingling wins one of these cash prizes, you may more than pay for the cost of the stained shingles and labor required. FIRST PRIZE—$1000 ; SECOND PRIZE—$500 ; THIRD PRIZE—$300; FOURTH PRIZE—$100. Five Prizes of $50 each; Ten Prizes of $30 each; Twenty Honorable © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. Mentions of $15 each. Total Cash Prizes—$2750 (In case of tie for any prize offered, the full amount ef such prize will be awarded to each tying contestant) Space does not permit giving details of this WEATHERBEST Old Home Remodeling Con- test or pussibility of your winning a prize, but if you have an old home in need of repaint- ing or repair, write for Booklet ‘*‘ Making Old Houses into Charming Homes” and Bulletin giving details of this contest. Let us explain how the WEATHERBEST Stained Shingle Re- modeling Service Department, by furnishing sketches and making suggestions, will help you make practical changes that in this contest may win a cash prize greater than the cost of remodeling or reshingling with stained shingles. This service neither obligates you to enter this contest nor to purchase any specified materials. WEATHERBEST Stained Shingles are 100 per cent edge grain, red cedar, treated by our WEATHERBEST process of carrying color pigments and preservatives into the fibres of the wood. They are ideal building material both for roofs and sidewalls, for new homes as well as for remodeling old houses. Use the coupon today and determine the practical possibilities for remodeling your old home. Enrollments for contest may be made any time prior to Aug. 1, 1927, and work finished before Sept. 30, 1927, after which date the following judges will award prizes as early as possible: Bernard L. Johnson, Editor American Builder; Robert Taylor Jones, Technical Director Arch. Small House Service Bureau; E. A. Martini, Architect; C. Paxton Cody, Reg. Archt. and Pres. Penn. Assoc. of the A. I. A.; C. M. Caldwell, Vice-Pres. Kinsey Realty Co. Whether or not you decide to enter contest, write the WEATHERBEST Remodeling Service Dept. for valuable information how really remarkable home transformation can be made for little money. WEATHERBEST STAINED SHINGLE Co., Inc., 1600 Island St., Western Plant—St. Paul, Minn. Distributing Warehouse North Tonawanda, N, Y. in Leading Centess. YOU MAY WIN MORE THAN The Total Cost of Remodeling and Reshingling an Old House Dr. H. DeF. Lockwood, Meriden, Conn., retained the association and senti- ments of an old home and greatly improved its ap- pearance and value by slight remodeling of porch and simply laying 24-in. Gray WEATHERBEST Stained Shingles over old sidewalls. STAINED SHINGLES For Rootes aNd Sive-Waurs a SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSEESSSEEEESESeeeeeeeee. WEATHERBEST STAINED SHINGLE Co., Inc. Contest Dept. 1600 Island St., North Tonawanda, N. Y [ Without obligation, please send details of the WEATHERBEST Old Home Remodeling Contest, with booklet —~ ing Old Houses into Charming Homes.’ I have an old house which | may remodel. **Mak- 7 I intend to build a new home. — Send Color Samples and Portfolio | ae ae aS ee * ae ea ear tee of Color Photogravures showing Pees tn ne ee ee ee Tne): | ne WEATHERBEST Stained Shingles for 5 sidewalls and roofs, A le saxicsits cose Lanse einai oie teicsiniinanbeninniraiaemel

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Old Bill Metal Panels ' for Kits and Sets SAYS— ’ March, 1977 March, Heavy Duty Radio ‘*B" Batteries direct from factory will]? give 100% effi batteries made of thelF finest chemicals obj@ tainable—ordinari R through stores at each. Sar price delivered at your door $3.75]% each—the best value ever offered straight fron, our factory. } A Guaranteed Six Months’ Supply of “*B’’ Batteries for Your Radio Direct from Factory Whether you buy 1, 2 or 3 Batteries for your set we guarantee—unconditionally—that they wil] last at least six months or new Batteries will be sent free. Perfect operation for less than 4c per { : . day. HITE lead and machine oil make a 30-DAY FREE TRIAL good lubricant for milling or drill- Sold on absolute satisfaction or money back ing copper. basis. Buy a set—use them for 30 days—if they are not everything claimed for them—-your money will be cheerfully refunded. The man who makes the most prog- References: National Bank of the Republic, ress in the shop is the one who knows Chicago, or your own bank. the most short cuts. Send check or money order today—$3.75 for each] one wanted brings absolutely fresh heavy duty] @ or double life “B” Batteries. No better value ob Keep your drill flooded with oil or tainable anywhere—we pay the transportation. compound whenever possible. Austin Accessories Mfg. Company " . 12 to 18 S. Clinton St. a ae Ill. A high speed drill should never be pases cooled suddenly; if it is, the chances are = . > ane ee it will check and eventually crack. ans eae ata Sara wn no 23 rr High speed steel drills should be al- see ead lowed to warm up before putting on a 5 Kits—Drilled and Receivers equipped with | heavy feed; then they will stand a lot PERFECT FILAMENT CONTROL :_ @ Decorated Vee Dee metal art panels more heat than carbon steel drills. INTROL 4 ae Nl L. M. Cockaday will yield the utmost in ef- : § «Tie LO-21, $8.70 ficiency, accuracy, durabil- When using the lead bath for harden- Provides complete }/ 7 Browning-Drake ity, beauty and economy. ° nr % noiseless filament con- ‘ Q M Improved, $3.05 VeeDee Metal Panels | im& the lead often sticks to the parts; ¢ 4 : Hammerlund-Roberts | are finished in beautiful | this sometimes can be overcome by dip- trol for all radio tubes § 77 ” Mts ns sl wood grains, bronze duo- ping the parts in a mixture of lime and without change of con- : B si Panel and Chassis, weer Sg po Rec gin arte kerosene and allowing them to dry be- nections. Metal parts # | in, $4.60 drilled to the thousandth fore immersing them in the hot lead are nickel plated. One § & Rares Requamatio, hole mounting. Self part of an inch. Every bath. ] contained switch opens special panel includes vul- fee ena ana a a aaa aa aa" aaa a a a"a"an a a aa a a Infradyne Remler kent a iat : . * _ : - « 7 Read aan sat with so -Daal aial Excessive noise usually spells ineffi- battery circuit when | to remer-Tully - Sule ba nz way ¢ Power _ $3.05 Vee Dee MetalPanels | “&MCY- ye se Citizens Super, Panel are being adopted as stand- ™ . - ae ( — $6.60 | ard equipment by promi- gg the shop ee helps —— Allen-Bradley Co. ® wos rite for Discounts nent manufacturers of kits the day’s work easier and more pledas- . cle ectri Ling wit XN f and sets. ant for everyone. Electric Controlling Apperstus 293 Greenfield Avenue Milwaukee, Wis. I Try to do your bit by keeping every- | als,s,s,5,5".%aMaMsaas*aaa"e ata" sPatiy har thing picked up around your own ma- wh chine; have your tools and stock in Build and Fly Mode! the orderly fashion and see that dirty rags, ‘ ; : rect waste and paper are out of sight. A e 1° ° 9 e) 1 a zL e Ss | fits Two or three minutes’ work with a the STOCK METAL PANELS | broom around your machine will not principles; of Avia is . , 7 ; se ee * . 4 7 how they are made ser In all standard sizes. Easy to drill. Retail | injure your dignity and will add to the ae Ao ts prices range from $2.15 to $3.55. Beautifully | Seneral appearance of the shop. curate duplicates of real me the finished and artistically decorated. ‘i . : Scicatine.” Ideal Scale Draw h After oiling up, wipe off any oil that Fokker North Pole Planes imitoind, Building -Fiving i . . ; a 0 0’ ow to jc y Manufacturers —Jobbers may run down the outside of the oil Curtiss JN4D-2) Training them. ° For 25 cents we sil ret Save money and improve your sets by adopt- hole—a small point, but it keeps the the-World a" Fiver: Blle- for ony cnn of the fama COV ing Vee Dee Metal Art Panels. We co-operate in machine clean and looking shipshape. val Seaplane; erat oe gecootanes Weted at the wil | the working. out new panel designs. Lowest prices or Cecil PeoliRacer. Sen include our 48-page catalog 2 \ —liberal terms. Write to Sor ‘tne oun 4 oront te Cat I Model Aeroplane i build. y ey ies— tur, THE VAN DOORN COMPANY (All 8 plans for $1.50.) Se postpaid. 160 North LaSalle Street —: Chicago, IIL. Pouring Babbitt Bearings 2st ee Ow ee Factories, Quincy, Til. ‘ ; Ask Your Dealer for Ideal Model Aeroplanes | F eee NE of the difficulties encountered in —___—" Fe | making small bearings is that the babbitt is likely either to stick to the shaft or to shrink upon it so hard that it is almost impossible to remove it. This can be avoided by giving the shaft a light coating of oil and graphite mixed to the consistency of cream. ‘The coating nwst not be thick, or it will cause pitting of the x eetent ames ane : = . 2 A Nisteau? Boat-forhalf surface of the babbitt, and it must be the cost. / The Super Elto clamps put on smoothly and evenly. This method Wi ond Singe coipot $1 ¢ . : : , B. B., Columbia, $-& | on any open boat—gives is much more satisfactory than the time- | ~s%2rde= Automatic Rubber Co-. , all motor boating pleasures at amaz- honored but not always successful plan NO JOKE TO BE DEAF ingly small cost. Powerful, speedy, - . : “ as : “ : Ss rea » € 5 > ‘VaD- aad Sieaiie tasks cntcaceaies Weiee of smoking the shaft. Oil alone will evap ~Every Deat Person Knows That aa Ea today for intensely Qype orate and leave the bearing too tight. ifeial eng Oemne Super Before pouring, everything the babbitt ENS ie eminrudes fresco” is to touch must be well heated so the Dept.W. Mnirs. Hon Bidg. . : ge Ny metal will not chill but will flow smoothly. tal fal snd fe Moricated Bar Dros “*Starts With a Quarter Turn’’ —Howarp GREENE. GEO. P.WAY, Artificial Ear DrumCo. (tee) Bldg., 2589 Woodward, Detroit, f Here is the very thing for 9 campers tell us that this is = greatest weapon to be had where fire 4m / are prohibited. Zip-Zip Shooter is no ed powerful and effective and is used by re number of*tourists and campers, Thou ust ; of boys are made hep »py with this wonderty Zip- Zip Shooter. ou like hunting and B..# oor sports you cannot afford to do withoutit. If your deal- erhappensnot tohavethem order from us Zip-Zip 2Shooter 35¢ or three for © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS, See page 8-

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i i arch, 1927 Machine Shop Kinks That Save Time By W. L. Mies UCCESS in the machine shop is founded upon the ability to make every little detail count. In the course of many years’ experience, a number of little time-saving kinks have helped me, syne of which follow. Where tangs are to be milled on end mills. drills, or other taper shank tools, a split block having a taper hole as in Fig. 1 is a useful fixture. This enables the tang SPLIT BLOCK TANG 3 MANDREL Milling tang of LACING OR Z end mill; taper HOOKS arbor and split we bushing for fac- ££ J LEATHER ~ ao a y ‘ CASE MADE ing nuts; cover- oe FROM OLD ing for plug gage _ BELTING to be milled with straddle mills, in just half the time required if each side were milled separately. The front end of the work is brought against a stop—a bolt with collars—on the milling table. For first class work where nuts are hardened and the faces ground, or even when they are to be faced in the lathe, the mandrel shown in Fig. 2 is to be recommended. A split threaded sleeve fits on a taper mandrel, thus locating the nuts by the thread only. The bushing is 4 in. shorter than the nut, which is screwed on approximately central before the taper mandrel is pressed in. Machinists using plug gages will take hetter care of them if there is a leather cover made from old belting to protect them from scars when not in use (Fig. 3). Where there is much small work to be turned between (Continued on page 116 DRIVER TAPERED SHAFT END tees WOOD V- BLOCK " “CUT TO HOLD TAPERED __ SURFACE LEVEL Two types of time-saving drivers for small work; a wooden V-block for tapered shafts POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY WT TMT 115 SAFE ~ COMFORTABLE — EASY TO RIDE/ ~in half the tim A comfortable spin in the fresh air! 3 other men are jamming into crowded street cars or busses. You get fresh air all the way—save time—en- joy a great outdoor sport — all at a cost of one cent per mile! AT quitting time you breeze home in comfort—while the The Harley-Davidson Single — new-type motorcycle — is the engineering triumph of a company that has been a leader in the industry for many years. When you buy a Harley-Davidson you are buying dependable transportation. The Single is easy to ride and control—safe. Parks in any 2x8 foot space — convenient. Travels 80 miles on a gallon — economical. Powerful Ricardo-head motor. Easy to buy, too. Ask your Harley-Davidson dealer about his Pay-as-you-ride Plan. Price, complete with 3-speed transmission and full electric equipment, ee ee ee ee $235 Send the coupon for literature and full details. Har.ey-Davipson Motor Company Dept. PS Milwaukee, Wis. HARLEY-DAVIDSON New-Type S ingle | Motorcycle | / Big Sales Opportunities in Open Territories : 1 : HARLEY-DAVIDSON MOTOR CO.,Dept. PS Milwaukee, Wis. 1 ! —+ ts rr o» t ' C) Send free literature describing the *‘Single’’. \ ‘ O) Send details of your dealer proposition; ' ; is my territory open? : TE a RSE ee OD Aa A A ORD ON RESIS Rare ee te vie : ES STRESS SD ES SE Ee eT CIO : ' } a a a eS : © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. Vo

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116 New 32-page Booklet Giving Information Usually Known Only To Expert Set Builders son ear oat sa sé a covet’? = “ a Sd Every radio set contains from one to a dozen fixed condensers. Do you know what they are for? Do you know how to test them to see whether they are working properly? Do you know that there is a way of changing the range of your tuning condensers?—of getting greater se- lectivity—of improving the tone? All through simple applications of fixed condensers. The Dubilier Condenser Corpo- ration is now supplying radio fans with a complete and authoritative explanation of the correct use of fixed condensers. You have often envied the man who could look over your set and by inserting a small fixed condenser somewhere, greatly improve its tone and operation. Do this yourself. Perhaps some defect in reception that you have always thought could not be helped is due to an imperfect condenser. This new booklet will also give you the most recent information on power amplifiers, filters and battery eliminators. Send 10 cents in stamps or coin for your copy. Dubilier CONDENSER CORPORATION 4377 Bronx Boulevard, New York, N. Y. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Machine Shop Kinks (Continued from page 115) centers, the two-pronged driver and the double-tailed dog shown in Fig. 4 will save time. Another type of driver, this one for the grinder, is shown in Fig. 5. This is for work of the character of piston pins, where slots are cut in the end for driving. It fits on the live center, and has a spring to force the pins that actually do the driving to engage the work. Many machinists do not appreciate the use of wood in making temporary or emergency fixtures. For planing keyseats in the tapered ends of shafts, hard wood V-blocks can be used as in Fig. 6. If every lathe had a large chuck and a small one there would be no need for the kink illustrated in Fig. 7, which shows Bliocks for adapting large chuck for small work; a leather vise jaw; points for markingcenters in cover plates BURRED HOLES MADE WITH HOLE CENTER PUNCH STEEL Saf IN 16 GA. STEEL 1 SS CYLINDER COVER : TO BE DRILLED 120 POINT TAP DRILL SIZE TAP LIGHTLY WITH COVER IS REST HAMMER WHEN NG ON CENTER POINTS some small beveled pieces to enable small rods to be gripped in a large four-jawed chuck. I have sometimes used \% in. square key stock for this purpose. Pieces of leather are often used around shops to prevent scarring work in vises, but more convenient to use are special leather jaws like the one in Fig. 8. Two pieces of sheet iron are punched as indicated over a block of wood so as to throw up burrs. These and the leather faces are put in position between the vise jaws and pressed firmly together. Among the most useful devices are center markers for drilling holes in cover plates to match holes already drilled in cylinders or machine frames, as shown in Fig. 9. They are made of tool steel and hardened. The shank is made to fit the tap drill size. In use, a number of them are inserted in the holes to be matched, the plate put above and held in place while it is tapped lightly with a hammer to drive the points into the metal to make center marks. This is much easier than laying out the work tediously by hand or even making a paper templet. To make a reasonably accurate hole straight through a casting or piece of steel in the lathe, run a drill entirely through the casting about ly in. below the correct size. Then bore out this hole to the finished size about 1 in. deep. Enter a drill the size of the finished hole into this bored-out portion and run it through the work. The result will be a straight hole close to the proper size. This method is for holes that are small and too long to be bored. March, 197) 10 DAYS’ TRIAL SEND NO MONEY Nt NEE) FOR| NEW PHONOGRAP} — The New PHONIC Reproducer © makes an up-to-the-minute’ Phonograph out of your old one al 8)} only a from Factory Gives the New Tone and Volume ¢f Latest New oe Now at last you can say goodbye to the nasal, rasping, metallic tone of your phx Now you can have the beautiful, natural, f ed tone of the expensive new machines whie startling the werld. Yet you need not buy a net phonograpb if you have an old one. The re produ et is the HEART of any phonograph—and the New PHONIC reproducer makes your old phonog like an entirely new one. Based on the new PH ONIC principle. Makes you think the orchestra or artist is in the same room. Never Before Such Tone Tones never before heard are clearly distir iguist hed whet sques the new PHONIC repro tucer is used. Test it on anol record. Hear the difference yourself. Listen to the de) low notes and the delicate high notes. Hear how plaitl Note the natural tone? absence of “‘tinny’ and clearly the voice sounds. the violin and the piano, and the music. You will be amaze. The new PHONIC reproducer is ideal for dancing or! fot home entertainments. Its volume is almost double this of the ordinary reproiucer. Yet there is no distort of sound. The new principle enables you to use even the very loudest tone neeiles without the ear-splittit effects of old repro lucers. The new PHONIC is alwaj mellow and natural. 10 Days’ Trial—Send No Money _ You cannot realize how wonderful the New P ont 8 until you hear it. That is why we want to send it to yo) & on 10 days’ trial. Send no money now—just the coupod Gy Pay the postman only $3.85 plus a few pennies postage when the New PHONIC arrives. Then if you are not Gig delighte 1, send it back within 10 days and ) ur mone will be refunded. The low price is ma e ‘possib ile t dealing direct with phonograph owners. If sold it 1 Store the price would be at least $7.50. Our price only $3 a Over 350,000 people have dealt with us by mail. Yo take no risk. Mail coupon now for 10 days’ tr ial. BI SURE TO STATE NAME OF OWN. NATIONAL MUSIC LOVERS, Inc., Dept. 83 327 West 36th Street, New York Please send me a New PHONIC -oducer 10! reprodaucer * T will pay the postmat (give name of phonograph) plus few cents post am not satisfied after trial. I will return your rel within 10 days and you guarantee to refund my rT .State... Outside U. © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. S. ry) 10, cash with order See page 8. March, 1' Ol i Br engine I cylind man, ¢ cient, | A d a few from Th head pum] holes coml screv allow short wher them sparl | babh Volume Without Distortion a PHONOGRAPH YO! a COND plug | joine } nect | Was | the | wate ee ¢ at aj and pou

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March, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 117 Old Motor Transformed into Air Compressor Y TRANSFORMING the two center cylinders of a four-cylinder gasoline engine into pumps and using the outside | ylinders to furnish power, Harry Vicker- We! man, of St. Paul, Minn., has built an efhi- cient, compact air compressor at little cost. a few dollars and put in running order we the other with an outlet check. An old et | water heater tank was pressed into serv- rone o we as a radiator, The compressor runs tinny os aa s . | at approximately 500 revolutions a minute J and easily supplies an air pressure of 125 , or 10f Rete: pounds.—JEsse A. LEAson. tortioa yen the vit ting alway! i "i $ Unique Babbitt Ladle Has NICis Spout Like Oil Can to you oupo. “+ as nostage | HE tube ar- are not & ré ce > money sngement iple ty Mme | OD the side of stores is 1 ~ + $3.85 4% this babbitt ladle 1, You Ga Is fe ; ; Hi BE © pouring in 1 YOt | awkward places. posses | If the metal is to } ihe carried any cer {0t d | distance before $3.85 pouring. it is well LJ. 3 towarm t he A ladle for pouring — spout.—A. K. in awkward places | habbitt; this kept open a passage through | push rods operating them removed. Pipe | connections were made with the spark | plug holes of the center cylinders and | joined with a tee. A Y-coupling was con- \ discarded motor was purchased for The two inner cylinders act as air pumps and the outer cylinders provide the power from odds and ends around the shop. The combustion space in the cylinder head above those cylinders used as air pumps was filled with babbitt. Three holes were first drilled into the top of each combustion chamber and tapped for 4-in. screws. The heads of these screws were allowed to extend into the chamber a short distance so as to serve as anchors when the babbitt was poured in around them. A wooden piug was driven in the spark plug opening before pouring the the babbitt for the air outlet. The valves of the two center cylinders were bolted down to their seats and the nected with the tee. One side of the Y was fitted with an intake check valve: | WHERE only | able. © Installe XE = alternating current is avail- asmall direct current generator must d to operate magnetic chucks. pn © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. —j\ Sheetrockis 3 inch thick, 32 or 48 inches wide a 6 to 10 feet long | : ame = ae 4 oe = = ee A What other wallboard gives you all? Some wallboards offer you one quality; others, another But only Sheetrock gives you every quality vou want in wallboard. | FIREPROOF - INSULATING - VERMINPROOF TESTED BY TIME - ROCK-STRONG - EASY TO SAW, NAIL AND ERECT - NON-WARPING - PERMANENT T The exclusive USG reinforced joint system provides smooth, flat Sheetrock surfaces that take any decoration— wallpaper,orTextone, the plastic paint for tone and texture. Yet Sheetrock costs no more. Your local dealer sells it. Look for the USG Sheetrock label on every sheet — made only by the United States Gypsum Company. Sheetrock is inspected and approved as an effective barrier to fire by the Underwriters’ Laboratories, Inc. UNITED STATES GYPSUM COMPANY General Offices: Dept. 48, 205 West Monroe Street, Chicago, Illinois Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. SHEETROC FIREPROOF...INSULATING Made by the United States Gypsum Company RRS SSSA SSCS SSS SS SSS SSS S TSS SSS S SESS SSE ESTES Eee eee UNITED STATES GYPSUM COMPANY Dept. 48, 205 West Monroe Street. Chicago, Illinois U Send me free booklet, “Sheetrock Walls.” Name........ — ee fg Rn ote

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Make your hair lie down this easy way So Long— UNRULY HAIR! Keep it in place with the dressing more fellows use than any other . . . Unruly pestiferous cow-licks—that pop up like a Jack-in-the-box the minute your hair brush is out of sight! Give them the gate!—they never will be missed. Train your stubborn, fractious hair to lie in place, all day Jong. A little Stacomb will turn the trick! Will make your hair lie down—and stay down too. More fellows use Stacomb than any other hair dressing. Stacomb never leaves your hair gummy looking. Nor dry and brittle, as wetting with water makes it. Stacomb is beneficial—it helps to prevent dandruff. Stacomb comes as a combing cream—in jars and tubes—and also in the popular new liquid form. All drug stores. FREE OFFER Standard Laboratories, Inc., Dept. 30-5, 113 W. 18th Street, New York Send me free sample of Stacomb as checked: New liquid forra 9 Original, cream form 0 DE CLL Ge Gucs Shae tes anh ven ee es One Address . High in Quality Low in Price A Trusted Name anda Famous Guarantee == POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY March, 1927 Unique Centering Tool for Small Shafts UNIQUE method of centering round stock for turning in the lathe is shown in the photographic illustration, and the accompanying drawing gives the details. The device consists of a base into which is fixed a hardened center punch and a clamping bolt for the disk. The disk has several holes to fit the common sizes of small shafts. Each of these holes is made Ae HL Yj “Sy BASE. RX v9qnv MOY Over the center punch is mounted a disk with holes to take shafts of various sizes as shown on the left of the drawing, except one, which is as indicated at the right. ‘The upper part of the hole fits the shaft; the remainder is the size of the upper part of the center punch in the base plate. In use the disk is turned to bring the proper size hole over the center punch and then clamped by means of the wing nut and bolt in the central hole. The piece to be centered is inserted into the hole and struck with a hammer —H. Moore. Why Long Rivets Sometimes Fail to Hold Securely Fonte sg of structural steel are familiar with an item often over- looked by machine designers and shop men. The illustration, for instance, shows a long rivet supposedly holding a casting tightly between steel plates, but actually the construction is loose and weak. A special machine made up of steel plates with cast- ings riveted —be- tween them for bearings gave trouble — because the castings were not tight, even though the rivets had been carefully driven. A sample assembly was made up and. cut open, revealing the condition illustrated. The rivet fitted tightly at the ends, but was loose in the middle. Tightly fitting bolts in reamed holes were substituted and there was no further trouble. The explanation is that the rivet grips under the head as the head is formed by the usual hand or pneumatic driving, and this prevents the central part of the rivet from swelling to fill the hole.-—G.A.L. Long rivets loosen where short ones hold CENTER PUNCH } Giant Chest st Expander cael Exerciser Be a muscular marvel. Have the muscles of a superman. Become stron, for your health’s sake or to astoun your friends with extraordinary feats which only men of giant strength can yours--and yours to keep. If you want ex- ercise to just keep in good shape you can re- uce the strength of the Progressive Exerciser by —— as many cables as you wish if reat resistance so as to build up j ig solid muscles, then use the full strength. HOW IT IS MADE Made of new, live, springy rubber so as to give it long’ wearing an ay finest ote wad to each cal FREE INSTRUCTIONS for a limited time, we will also include in- structions absolutely free. These instruc- tions are interesting and simple to follow. _ YOUR GUARANTEE y The Giant Chest Expander is sold with a guarantee that you will say it is the finest you ever saw or your money back or double SCables ‘foun for The double $9 Strength exer- HOW TO ORDER- REND NO MONEY Sign your name and address to coupon be- low and get your Giant Exerciser at the ciser eo aaa ok ove’ mail. want everyone to en strength at the lowest possible cost Don’t pay more--order from us--get the most for your money. Use coupon now. cm omens name ome memes ate em PROGRESSIVE. EXERCISER co., 6003 Langdon Bid Broadway and Duane Street, New York. ? Please send | | 1¥ your 4 “itn } Progressive Exerciser. Check the Exerciser you want. It will be se nt by return n Pay po stm an introductory price, plus few rival. If y are not entirely satistied with your may eta ‘it within 6 days and get your money back If you live outside the United States . ohe cxann ae The World’s Largest Exclusive \ Radio Mail Order House will send you—FREE—this wonder catalog of radio bargains containing over 2000 items of ore in RADIO, including all the latest wey ey Parts, at rockbottom prices that — you ¥% to 1. 5-TUBE SETS AS LOW AS $24.9° LATEST 1927 MODELS Table and Console models with built-in loud speakers. Beautiful, genuinemahogany and wal- nut cabinets. All sets at amazingly low prices. SEND FOR BOOK TODAY We cannot begin to tell all about this wonder- ful Radio Book. Simply send letter or postal, and this bargain radio catalog will come to you absolutely free. Write Today, RANDOLPH RADIO CORP. 180 N.Union Ave., Dept. 223 Chicago, lil. rIS) This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. M

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h, 1927 z. catalog of ) items 0 the latest rices that $24.90 ilt-in loud yy and wak Ow prices. DAY is wonder: or postal, me to you CORP. nicago, tL. Match, 1927 4 | ~ Ways to Save Money (Continued from page 76) would think that the designer tried to make it of solid iron instead of having pretty round holes and graceful curves like that old planer.” “Yes,” Davis responded, “I know that old planer very well indeed. I spent many a day onit. Isee that this is a modern . open-side one, so that it will easily handle awkward pieces like those that madeusresort to so many ingen- ious tricks on the old machine.” “With the va- ried work that we do,” Bascom said, “it seemed almost necessary for us to get the open-side machine, and now that they have been made so strong and rigid there wasnoreason for not getting it.” “. have been looking at the controls,” his friend remarked. “They seem to be all grouped on this side.” “Yes, the operator hardly has to move, except to set up the work, and where we have quantities, we can rig up fixtures that will take much of that burden off him.” Bascom went closer to the machine. Fig.4. Motor-in-base type surface grinder 7 ERE is a lever that clamps the rail to the column with one motion. We used to have to go all around the old machine with a wrench to do what this one lever does. Here is another lever that runs the heads back and forth by power, for setting up, or at the end of a cut. And, of course, the heads have power feed in any direction. In fact, once the work is on the machine, and the tool in place, the operator need not leave his position. There is an oil pump to keep things properly lubricated. Everything is accessible.’ “Very nice,’ Davis acknowledged approvingly. ‘All you have to do is to get my tool steel for it, and then watch it work. It would seem that you are getting alot of new tools. You certainly believe in having things up-to-date.” _ “LT spend about as much time in dig- ging up new tools and methods as I do at auything else.’’ Bascom replied. ‘The Management looks to me for results, and usually all T have to do is to show them that it will be profitable to put in new tools. The buildings are crowded, so we have to use equipment that will really produce. If we can make one machine do What two did before, it is well worth our While to spend a little money and get the lew machine, I will show you another machine as an example. The machine is hew, the fixtures that we have put on. | “Here we are doing the same trick on a | lathe that we have done before on mill- | '"8 machines and drill presses. That is, Lo have a fixture (Continued on page 120) but the interesting thing about it is’ You can own this latest model CORONA It’s the finest Corona ever built— made by the world’s pioneer manufacturers of portable typewriters. A sturdy, dependable writ- ing machine with full width (1oinch) carriage, twelve yard, two color, self-reversing rib- bon, variable line spacer, everything you expect in an office machine. Yet it is com- pact, portable, easy to carry with you wherever you go. Standard Keyboard Corona has the four row stand- ard keyboard used in all offices and taught in business schools. If you are accustomed to using a large machine, you will be at home on Corona. If you have never used a typewriter be- fore, you'll find that it is easy to learn with Corona. Buy a Corona on easy terms A small deposit puts Corona in your home and then you can pay on easy, monthly terms just like rent. Your Corona dealer will gladly ac- cept a used typewriter, any standard make, as part pay- ment. You need not wait another day. Just look up Corona in your phone book and the dealer will send you one for free examination. This coupon will bring you our latest literature. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY with $50 for two hours’ work CORONA Extra money is so easily earned if you have the knack of writing articles or stories. Here is a man who often earns $50 or more in a single evening, writing articles about his own business. Many people have this talent for writing but have never done anything to develop it. There’s just one way to start. Get a Corona and our new book of instructions for writers. Then begin to write a little every day. Why successful writers use Corona Corona is compact, portable, easy to carry anywhere—and its light, easy touch makes writing almost effortless. You'll do more writing —and better writing—when you own your own Personal Writing Machine. Mail the coupon, It will not obligate you. L C Smith & Corona Typewriters Inc Sales offices in principal cities of the world Established 1903 Also manufacturers of the LC Smith Typewriter, the ball-bearing office machine LC Smith & Corona Typewriters Inc 313 E. Washington St., Syracuse, N. Y. Without obligation to me, please send mea free copy of The Writer’s Guide —and complete information about Corona. Address Do you own a typewriter? Would you like to know its trade-in value? © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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120 Never Before Such Tone Sterling perfected “B” Eliminator control gives this added Advantage ERHAPS you regard a “B” Eliminator merely asa means of doing away with the expense and nuisance of for- ever replacing worn-down “B” Batteries. But with the Sterling “B” Elimi- nator, there is a tremendous improvement in tone quality too! The secret of this amazing tone qualitylies in the extremely fine control of the “B” voltage. This definite Sterling advantage in tone quality is possible only by using first quality materials, high standards of manufacture, backed by 20 years of Sterling electrical experience. This Sterling Dependable Light Socket Power Unit RT-41 is the ideal““B” Powersupply forsets using as many as 5 tubes. It takes up no more room than a 45 volt dry battery—yet it gives three times the power—135 volts. Just right for Radiolas 25 and 28. Price complete with CX 313 tube: - $28.00 Also Raytheon Tube Types for high-powered sets R-97—“B” and “C” Power - $55.00 R-99—"“B” Power: + + + $45.00 For every set—there’s a terling “B” ELIMINATOR Send for booklet “F’”’ telling about the no line of Sterling Radio Equipment. THE STERLING MEG. Co. 2831 Prospect Ave. ++ POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Ways to Save Money (Continued from page 119) that locates the work so that more than one surface can be machined without re- setting.” It was a heavy turret lathe (Fig. 2). Mounted on the spindle was a fixture to hold the gate of a gate valve. “The casting is put in the fixture,” Bascom explained, “and one side ma- chined in the usual way. Then, in place of unclamping and rechucking the work, the chuck itself is indexed so that the other side is presented to the tools, and in exactly the proper relation to the first side. Just another example of putting skill into the machine.” “That’s a great idea,” said Davis. “There are very many parts alike on both sides that this outfit will handle.” T IS not necessary that both sides be | alike,” Bascom pointed out, “for there are enough stations on the turret for.us to put in two sets of tools, one for each end | of the casting. “You may have noticed that these new machines are all motor driven. We are getting most of them that way now. If we go into the tool room, I will show you another surface grinder with an excep- tionally fine arrangement for the motor drive. This machine has the motor hidden in the base, yet it is accessible for any Fig. 5. See and increased grinding production are claimed for segmental wheels attention it may need, but is out of the way of falling objects, grit and water.” Looking at the front of this machine (Fig. 4), there was not a belt visible. “T always expect to see the counter- | shaft overhead, and two or three belts | running down,” Davis remarked. ‘‘ This one looks as if something is missing. I suppose it is a sign that appearances of familiar machines may change with im- | proved design.” Bascom opened a little door in the front of the base. “There is the motor,” he said, “and the belt is in the back. We can put the machine wherever we can run a wire. Even with the motor in the base, there is still room for storing tools under it.” He pointed to a compartment below the motor shelf. Bascom led Davis through the rest of the plant. He was combining his usual morning tour of THE PERFECT GRID LEAK Provides a noiseless range of grid leak resistance from 1f to 10 megohms. Assures most effective grid leak resistance wr value for all tubes. Small grid conden- ser (0.00025) is sep- arate. IAetal parts “s nickel plated. One hole mounting. = ee ee” ne ee as a ne a a™, aa", Saree aaa eee aa"eaaa"eMe aaa", AS ' vis ~~] ~ pada Electric Controlling Apparatus 5293 Greenfield Avenue Milwaukee, ns se ee ee PR ESIIIEORD IL. WITTE World's Standard 150,000 in Daily Use New st tool 1% to 30 Horse Power. DIRECT From Factory—Wholesale Prices—Easy Terms—No Interest. 57 years proves WITTE most durable, economical engine made—burns almost any kind of fuel — Semi-Steel Construc- tion—Valve-In-Head Motor—WICO Magneto— THROTTLING GOVERNOR-—Simple to run— Lifetime Guarantee—Excess Power. FRE CATALOG Describes New Improvements, New Lower Prices and Long Terms. Also Log Saws and Pumpers, Valuable Information. 3 Hour Shipping Service. WITTE ENGINE WORKS 2221 Witte Building, KANSAS CITY, MO. 2221 Empire Bidg., PITTSBURGH, PA. 2221 Witte Bidg., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. (Continued on page 121) | Deafness Perfect hearing is now being re stored in x: cases of deafness by Catarrhal troubles, Relaxed or Sunken Drums, Thickened Drums, Lo or Hissing Sounds, Perfo- ted, Wholly or Partially Destroyed cael Discharge from the Ears, etc. Wilson A eg ak Ear Drums ire no medicine but effectively replace what is lading or defective in the natural ear drums. They are simple devices, which the wearer easily fits into ths ears where they are invisible. Soft, safe and comfortable. Write today for 168 page book Free Book |on éecafness giving full partie © ulars and many testimonials, on Deafness The Ay of a ton grate users has been re | stored by these “little wireless dl. Sor the ears,’ g WILSON EAR DRUM CO. Imoorporated = 432 Todd Bullding = ———_—s LOUISVILLE, KY. 7 Have You AN INVENTION: Ifso the WORLD PROGRESS will send you upon request sample copy Free containing Suggestions to Inventors as to Inventions Needed. We invite manufacturers to address us regarding inven tions they want. Subscription for one year 60 cents WORLD PROGRESS PUB. CO., INC. Room 202 Victor Bidg. Washington, D. C. SPORT BODIES for FORDS at FACTORY PRICES! This Model | inGrey Prime Write for nail A-10 Showin g Other Models. SPORT FACTORIES, Aurora, Illinois Ship Model Plans Easy to build and instructions. and sell models. 77c—Hudson’s ‘ —Clipper, 82c—Santa $1.02—Pirate Ship, 52c $3.90. SEA ARTS GUILD 405-N ELEVENTH AVE. MILWAUKEE, WIS. 3 Ms: ige ell: an Ss _ Ship, “ ‘Half Moon,” 92¢ & Maria, all for © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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1927 Geeoasae * =2."a" “— roa a F Se een ee Pa" wer. -Easy ITTE burns struc- neto— run— New Prices npers, what is March, 1927 | Ways to Save Money (Continued from page 120) the shops with entertaining his friend. Soon they were in the shipping room (Fig. 1). Davis stopped and stood as though spe bound. ‘What in the world is that?” Bascom laughed. “That, Henry, saw!” It certainly does saw, shook his head. * Just another example of our effort to have things as up-to-date as we can. It has a small motor that runs off the light socket. It carries a nine-inch saw, large enough to cut through a plank three inches thick. This is a tool that will be seen often before long. "We have had portable electric drills for many years, and this is along the same lines from the standpoint of utility. The makers say that it can be used for cutting through flooring where repairs to plumb- ing or Wiring are to be made. We use it mainly for trimming crates after a ma- chine is ready to ship.” “Walking through your factory is as good as going to a machinery exhibition,” Davis complimented the superintendent. “Well, we don’t try to run a show, but after all, we do have things modern,” Bascom replied. “‘It is out-of-date to use old machinery, and we no longer point with pride to tools that have been in use for twenty or thirty years. Each machine must stand on its merits here, and not on sentiment.” is our electric hand ” Davis said and PorpULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY will be glad to supply the names and addresses of manufacturers of devices mentioned in this article. Buffing Wheel Used to Spin Nuts on Bolts Rapidly N INGEN- sh | LAL IOUS method an P ofscrewing nuts on ill partic: 7 bolts sufficiently — i tight to prevent ee their coming off in ated shipment is shown oath at the right. A small buffing wheel ON? revolves the nuts NUTS BEING SCREWED ON ‘ill 4 alter they have LONG THREADED BOLTS taining been ey “4 by The wheel turns on = | hand.—P. two nuts at a time yc | a | sees RSE BS ioe NC. : e n, D.C. Quick-Acting Planer Clamp — RDS 1 _._ PRESSURE POINT HE wedge is RICES! not always ap- a preciated as means 39 | & for clamping work. ov It is quicker than Bookld screws and nuts. cing Othe The illustra- 4 tion shows how I1linois a a quick-acting Ans ; SING Bota Bok . ] a m P, can be CONE Of SI arranged to hold POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ae’ & Handiest Tool in your Work Shop PERHAPS you have never thought of the special advantages of using Le- Page’s Liquid Glue. It is always ready for imme- diate use. No weighing, soaking or heating is re- quired. The quality is always the same. _ It “sets” slowly enough so that you have plenty of time to place the joints together exactly as they should go. Slow setting also allows LePage’s to penetrate the wood, in- creasing the strength of the joint. LePage’s Liquid Glue is equal in strength to any animal glue. Buy a can for your work shop. It is the easiest, quickest, handiest form of Glue. Insist on LePage’s. Recipe for making LePage’s Gesso To make one cup of LePage’s Gesso, you need 1 gill can of LEPAGE’S GLUE, 1% cups whiting, 3 teaspoons linseed oil and 3 teaspoons varnish. Place whiting 1 in mixing bowl and pour in slowly in this order: LE- PAGE'S GLUE, linseed oil, and varnish. Mix until smooth. All ingredients obtainable at near- est hardware store. E AGE'S — * Op nied eS 4 Ch SR aes 2 am Book Trough End Table you can make yourself LE PAGE’S Craft Books will show you how | teem by an expert, attractive, artistic, useful and easy to make. This briefly de- scribes the furniture pieces which LePage’s NEW Craft Books will show you how to make in your home work shop. ““LePage’s Work Shop Book” contains complete directions for making a taboret, footstool, 2 inging book shelves, book trough, end table with book trough, and a number of simple things babes h per- haps your boy would like to make. The printed directions for making, step by step, are supple- mented by dimension drawings and illustrations made from photographs of the finished pieces of furniture. LePage’s ‘‘Practical Suggestions for the Home Work Shop”’ will help you come closer to equal- ing the skill of the trained cabinet-maker. It tells you how to make strong joints with glue, and with glue in its most convenient form— LePage’s Liquid Glue. This book also shows you how to cover up small defects in your craftsmanship. Now and then a tool will slip and an error is made. Or there are holes to be filled where nails or screws have been countersunk. Or the edges of a joint are not exactly even. A simple new way to repair these defects is with the use of Lel age’s Gesso instead of putty. LePage’s Gesso will stick to any sur- face—wood, metal, glass, etc., and will stand 1000 lbs. breaking strain as explained in the books. It can be sandpapered, planed and painted or stained just like wood. We give you in the small panel below a simple formula for making LePage’s Gesso, but of course we tell you more about it in the books themselves, together with practical information on decorating your finished articles with Gesso. Send 10c for these NEW LEPAGE’S Books THE practical and useful help of these two books is yours for only 10 cents. Just write your name and address on the coupon below, tear the coupon out and mail it to us today with 10 cents in coin or stamps, and we will at once send you a copy of each, pos stage pak d. Address LePage Craft League, Dept. 005, Gloucester, Mass. Tear out the coupon now so you will not forget it. MAIL THIS COUPON AttractiveFurniture LePace’s Crart LEaGuE, Dept. 005, Gloucester, Mass. Gentk men:—Enclosed you will find 10 cent or stamps) in payment for ‘‘LePage’s Pr: Suggestions for the Home Work Shop” and ‘ Page’s Work Shop Book.” Please send a cop} to on The clamp is oper. Work on the miller — in’s § ated Sse 7 4 if Seer rre er eer eee eT TERT Ce on,” 920 ated by a wedge or planer.—F.N.( Maria, = IRE ia oa hn Darel aie Qatalahdie all for N : ‘ext month—an article on how to B / Tub "i City State BME | use recessing tools. ottles, Lubes,Cans SE, WIS. © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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Your choice of world’sbesttype- writers; late model,vis ble writer; & standard keyboard; 84 charac- G& ters; 2-color ribbon. Low price. Famous N¢°5 Underwood 35 Self starter, visible writer, uni- versal keyboard with 84 char. acters, back spacer, automatic ribbon reverse, shift lock key, 2-color ribbon, marginal stops, variable seen Te or writing on ruled paper. Excep- tional offer. "Standard N°10 10 Remington“. ery latest model, contains 2- L— color ribbon, full standard key- board, 84 characters, back spac- erand automatic ribbon reverse. Specially adapted for cor- respondence, card writ- ing and statement work. Oo Priced at a big saving. Famous NO 46 SAVE “2 : ad Up-t Leeemnnens attachments. Visible writer, universal standard keyboard, 84 characters, 2-color ribbon, back spacer, shift lock key,va- riable p! taten, inbuilt tabulator, easy and fast in operation. J 5 bargain at this great saving. Visible No 8 LCSmithr42 10 Days’ Free Trial A} Ls models, completely rebuilt and refinished brand new. Guaranteed 10 years. Just send for our big Free catalog showing actual machines in full colors. Also our direct-to-you easy payment plan and special 10-day Free trial offer. No obligation. Write today. INTERNATIONAL TYPEWRITER EXCHANGE 184 West Lake Street Dept. 338 Chicago, lll PLASTIC WOOD Makes Repair Work Easy Handles Like Putty— Hardens Into Wood Every time you work with wood you need PLASTIC WOOD to make the job per- fect. As it comes from the can 'rLAsS ££ 2G WOOD can be moulded in the fingers and stuffed into holes and cracks. When hardened it may be whittled, planed or turned on a lathe. Nails will not split it—takes paint, stain and var- nish like any wood. Automobile body builders, boat builders and cabinetmakers are us- ing PLASTIC WOOD most success- fully. Householders now can buy it from Hardware and Paint Stores. ADDISON-LESLIE COMPANY 30 Bolivar Street, Canton, Mass. Please send me 4%-lb. can of PLASTIC WOOD for which I enclose 35c.

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

How to Stain and Finish Inlaid Mahogany N THE article “Inlaying is Easy to Do,” last month, it was recommended that limewater be used for staining inlaid pieces of mahogany. The advantage of limewater is that it stains the wood, but does not affect the inlaid bandings or in- serts. The method used by Mr. Hjorth, the contributor of that article, is as follows: 1. Wash the finished piece with plain water and let it dry. The object of this treatment is to raise the grain of the wood. When it is again sanded smooth, the second application of water (in this case limewater) will not raise the grain. The water may be applied with a clean brush, a sponge or a piece of cotton waste. 2. Sand smooth with fine sand- paper. 3. Apply limewater of the de- sired strength with brush, after testing solution on a piece of scrap wood. 4. When dry, rub lime off with dry cotton waste, being careful to clean out all cor- ners thoroughly. 5. Apply a mixture of one part boiled linseed oil and three parts of turpentine, and wipe dry. 6. Apply paste filler thinned with turpentine to the consistency of cream. Rub across the grain with a piece of leather and wipe off surplus with waste or rags. 7. After forty- eight hours apply a coat of linseed oil, thinned as before, and wipe dry. 8. Apply at least three more coats of oil at intervals of twenty-four hours or more, rubbing ‘ach coat thoroughly dry. When ordinary stains are to be used on mahogany or any other wood, the inlaid lines may be protected with shellac applied with a bow type of show-card lettering pen % in. wide. The shellac should be thinned with two or three parts of denatured alcohol so that it will flow freely without spreading sideways. The pen is filled with shellac from a quill. A straightedge is used to guide the pen. Another method is to apply a half-and- half mixture of clear brushing lacquer and lacquer thinner with a long-haired sign writing brush. A steel straightedge raised a trifle from the surface is used to guide the brush along straight bandings. Any tvpe of penetrating stain then may be used without harming the inlays.

Suggestions on the Choice and Care of Tools HAT tools do I need for setting up a small home workshop?”’ is a question that comes to the Editor fre- quently in one form or another. It has answered in PopuLAR SCIENCE MonTHLY many times in the past. If you are one of those who wish aid in starting a workshop or adding the most generally useful tools to those you already own, look up the article “Just What Tools Do You Need?” in the March, 1926, is- sue. Perhaps you do not make a practice of keeping a file of old copies; in that case you can obtain the issue by sending 25 cents to our Circulation Department. Other long articles on this topic are: Your Tools and Their Care,” Septem- ber, 1924, and “Tools for the Home Workshop and Their Care,”’ March, 1923. been “ee

March, 19»

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ave aay | ile) N OWnn PAID plete—Iumber cut-to-fit FREIGHT PAID toyour station New Low Prices Our customers claim!average sav ings of 47% over local prices. This year reduced prices make possible still greater savings. We Loan You Money to Build We ship p you any home you select, ready to erect, and ADVANCE YOU CASH to help you build. You pay us in small amounts monthly, just as you pay your rent—an: your rent money is saved instead of spent. Send 25cin coin today for beautiful Color Book of Sterling Home Plans and you can be living in a home of your own a month from now. INTERNATIONAL MILL & TIMBER CO. 7310 S. Wenona Ave. ‘» Bay City, Mich. — JIMMY DeFOREST (x! e€ Course has Developed Champions by Mail In 20 weeks, under the System of Jimmy DeForest, World’s Great- est Trainer and Maker of Cham- pions, you will master the priceless knowledge that has made cham- pions and started hundreds of boys on the road to Fame and Fortune. Every six months thirty are selected from all classes and recommended to leading pro- moters for boxing engagements, That’s how pupils are brought to the front at once. Boys who were once rank amateurs are today earning big money The DeForest Course is also the greatest Physical Traim™ System in the world. It has made weaklings strong, rebuilt,m@ who were physically run down; develops energy, self f-confidene and courage. Se nd today for the now fmaus book '*The Golden A of Boxing,’’ greatest book of its kind ever written: full of val Juable information,photos of great boxers on i pile who bec ame successé over night. Enclose l0c to cover cost Write now JIMMY DeFOREST BOXING “COURSE, 347 Madison Ave., Box 2215, New York City Print Your Cards, stationery, labels, Lae circulars, tags, menus, book ett 4 Save money and time, cut costi half. Sold direct from factory. Pays for itself in a short time. Complete Outfits, $8.85 Pr Job Press, <11, $29; Rotary yt for pn Owe easy, rules sen cetuben of resses, type, pape.

EXcersioR The Kelsey Co., P-33, Meriden Com © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. Price includes everything com ~ fs. eards, envelopes, ‘paper cute ‘ arch, 1$ ean’t b ‘*Lel Are a Tho: quest ic the on the ot **T car H Ww pract ously have t to rea keyste accept upon ry If “com Kel over 1 Thort way hund: ravin streal a few broke a fres On @ scrat wood pajal brane of ba a foo perfe “bov uprig large he si held splin right whir! so, h end large SAWwe almc H Woo: hey Ing he frig] took the spli

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arch, 1927 Bare Hands (Continued from page 17) can’t be far away,” announced Thornton. “Let me go,” offered Kelly. “Are you all right?” “T would be if we had a fire.” Thornton turned to the Aleut who, questioned, revealed that he was Oomak, the one who had been in charge of the yawl. “ “Does anybody live on this island?” asked Thornton. The Aleut shook his head. “Can you make a fire?” asked Thorn- ton of Kelly. “[ ain’t got no matches,” replied the sailor. ‘Never tried without.” “Then go and look for Williams and the other two Aleuts,” ordered Thornton. “IT can make a fire.” > HE seriousness of their predicament was clear to Thornton. Here was a practical problem for him to solve. Obvi- ously he was the one on whom they would have to depend. It put new life into him to realize his responsibility. He was the keystone of this group. He knew it, and accepted the position that Fate had thrust upon him. “If you find any of them,” he ordered, “come back here. I'll get a fire going.” Kelly started off, walking gingerly over the pebbles that hurt his bare feet. Thornton, with equal care, made his way toward the cliff that stood a hundred yards back from the beach. A ravine led down through it, and along the stream that foamed down the gorge grew a few trees. One fallen trunk had been broken, possibly in its fall, or perhaps in a freshet, and lay with one splintered end on a bank of dry sand. ‘Thornton scratched the sand away, and found the wood slightly decayed. He broke off sev- eral pieces—large, flat splinters. Then, taking the cord from the waist of his pajama trousers, and breaking a smal! branch from the tree, he made a stiff sort of bow. Next he found a stick of wood a foot or so long, more or less round, and perfectly dry. Twisting the string of his | “bow” once around it, he placed the stick upright, with the lower end resting on the | largest of the splinters. The upper end he supported by means of a bit of wood held in his left hand. - Kneeling on the splinter and grasping the “bow” with his right hand, he sawed back and forth, it whirling the stick like a drill. As he did ~ so, he saw the wood dust collect where the end of the revolving stick bit into the large splinter. For several minutes he sawed. Finally the dust caked slightly, almost as if it had been moistened. 7 OOD!” he muttered, under his breath, He gathered up his various bits of wood, and searched about for something he might use for tinder. Birds were fly- L. 8 everywhere, and within twenty steps ee tent upon a nest from which he tor ng itened the setting mother bird. He i eee handful of the dry stuff of which i — was made, and walking back to ef ss ach, knelt with the bow and the - splinters, (Continued on page 124) POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY He just couldn’t sell - + perhaps it’s comedones* E couldn’t figure it out. He knew his sales talk was good, for he knew his subject from A to Z. Yet buyers wouldn’t let him get started. They put him off as soon as they sav him. There was a reason—though he little suspected it was comedones. It is a misfortune to suffer from comedones — the scientific name for blackheads. What’s more,you may not even be conscious of them, though others notice them. Comedones often interfere with business success, for you can’t be clean cut and attractive when they are present. Do you won- der why you don’t get ahead? Per- haps it’s comedones. Pompeian Massage Cream helps you overcome comedones. It gets in where comedones form, rolls out all the dirt and oily secretions. It stimu- lates a healthy circulation, keeps the SEND FOR 10-DAY TRIAL TUBE For 10c we will send a special trial tube containing sufficient cream for many dc- lightful massages. Positively only one trial tube to a family on this exceptional offer. Use this cou- pon now. 1S) This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. pores open, and gives you a clean, ruddy complexion. Try this treatment After you shave, spread Pompeian Massage Cream generously over your face — and rub. Continue to rub until the cream rolls out. Note how dark the cream looks. That’s the dirt that was in your pores. Don’t let comedones form. Use Pompeian Massage Cream _ every day—especially when social or business en- gagements demand that you look your best. It means a healthy, whole- some skin. It means more joy in living. *WHAT ARE COMEDONES? (pronounced co m'é-dones) Use at Home after Shaving To get full pleasure and benefit, use Pompeian Massage Cream regularly at home after shaving. Your face will feel and look like a mil- lion dollars. 60c jars at all drug stores. YOU MAY FORGET! Dictionary definition: A small plug or mass occluding the excretory duct of a sebaceous gland, occurring frequently upon the face, especially the nose. Itis often called blac k- head. TEAR OFF NOW! The Pompeian Laboratories, Dept. 30, Cleveland, Ohio Gentlemen: I enclose 10c (a dime, coin preferred) fora special trial tube of Pompeian Massage Cream. ee ee re ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Street AGGIES o cc ceseccdewenccccescemecceeeecosere

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Power Unit -a"4h"e"4b"e’4b' o'40'o'4b's"4b"e"4b" a". DO SO OCI ODIO OCD IO™U OOAD-O 40-0 .49-O.00-O.89.0 00-000. O28 $40.00 COMPLETE with Willard Glass Battery... $42.50 with automatic Ve Ever-Dependable “A’’ Power from Your Light Socket y simply pluggingin to your light socket, the HANDY “A” Power Unit will furnish rich “A” power for your radio set, hour after hour, day in and day out. Interstate engineers have experimented with, tested and proved this Handy “A” Power Unit to be the most satisfactory unit for rich dependable radio re- ception. It is truly a wonder. You cannot appreciate the merit of the Handy until you have used it on your set. Get a demonstration from your dealer. Advanced Design This unit is equipped with the best wet “A” battery we can obtain—the Willard glass battery with visible guage that shows the exact strength of the battery at all times—and a charger that supplies a constant flow of 14 ampere when set is not in use. If the battery shows the slightest weakening, by merely pushing the little toggle switch to the“‘high”’side, the battery will receive a booster charge from 2 to 24 amperes which will re- store the battery to full strength in a few hours. The standard rectifier 2 ampere bulb is employed. All parts of the Handy are oversized, assuring extra long life. Ask your dealer or send direct mentioning your dealer’s name. INTERSTATE ELECTRIC COMPANY 4341 Duncan Ave. +» +» St. Louis, U.S. A. © ~ INTERSTATE ~ = March, 19 Bare Hands (Continued from page 123) 3 He set to work and sawed back and§ forth for several minutes. The wood dust caked a little and he paused to fan it} gently, but a tiny wisp of smoke was all he got. Again he tried, and again. For half an hour he worked. He saw Parker} out of the corner of his eye, walking up| and down the beach and swinging his arms. He heard a shout and turned to see Williams a couple hundred yards§ away with Kelly and the naked Aleut. LL of them were slapping themselve and swinging their arms. Thornton! himself was almost warm with his exer./ tions, and renewed his sawing once more.| Again the dust caked. He sawed a little! longer and then bent carefully over the| precious grain of fire. He fanned—very' gently—and the dust glowed. He blew,| and it glowed more brightly. He trans-/ ferred it to the handful of dried stuff from) the bird’s nest, and blew again. The pin] point of fire grew. He blew harder and) = a tiny flame burst forth. A few little 4 splinters lay beside him and he carefully 7 built them up pyramidlike over the 7 flame—a pyramid of strands of wood 7 smaller than matches. They caught and) 7 blazed. He added others and others still. 7 He burned his fingers and grinned in’ 7 excited delight, and presently added a) 7 larger splinter and another, until he dared 7 put a piece of wood the size of a pencil 7 in the blaze. It caught and flared. In) J another moment the blaze mounted a) 4 foot in the air, and Thornton sat back) J and fed it with the very tools with which| he had made it, carefully salvaging the cord. He heard Williams shout, and _ saw Parker stop swinging his arms and stare. Then, suddenly, the others ran toward| him—ran heedless of sharp rocks and| tender bare feet—and crouched down about the blaze that now was leaping and dancing and throwing out its wel-| come heat. For that half-naked group of | 7 men about the fire, the world seemed to| 7% center in the flame, and they huddled) about it, holding out their hands and|§ saying nothing. | HE whole group seemed pitifully weak and helpless as they hud- dled about the fire at the foot of the|] frowning cliff. The island was wild and| 7 rugged, with huge boulders scattered| J about its narrow, fringing beach. Hert |} and there were trees that stood like mis-| J shapen giants. A small stream leaped | a over a series of cataracts in the ravine} 7] that cut steeply down through the cliff. | Nowhere within sight was there a gentle Be aspect to the scene. It was harsh—for-| 7% bidding—desolate. | Their surroundings affected the group | more than they realized. They were accustomed to grandeur in nature, and to beauty, but stark malevolence was new to them, and depressing. Only Oomak seemed not to feel it, for the wild islands of the Aleutians and the Alaskan coast were all he knew. “T get ptarmigan,” he announced pres- ently, getting to (Continued on page 125) oa © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. his fe blank]. ad | g ae this is convin * Nx “I get He | near-b Hi explai we ne The witho and h as if @ The not h Thort nakec \\ at hi to ha off te mal, how Clit d ak: avall you? TI sligh | Tho shor S( ho top he | the her COl

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z March, 1927 ao * Arte ao = Se = ae .” his feet. —_ > opSp Se To oa she % —-S = * wo ee © Bare Hands (Continued from page 124) Parker shivered and gazed blankly at him. TI get ptarmigan,” the Aleut repeated. ‘Are you sure there are no people on this island?’’ asked Thornton, already convineed that there were not. ‘No. No people,” replied the Aleut. “I get ptarmigan.” He turned and made his way around a near-by pile of boulders and disappeared. *He’s going to get some birds to eat,” explained Thornton to the others. “And we need some wood. Come—help me.” The Aleut did not go far, and returned without his game. He seemed ill at ease, and hung about the fire, glancing around as if afraid. The others, save for Parker who did not help, returned with their wood, and Thornton looked questioningly at the naked Aleut. “What's the matter?” he “Couldn't you get any birds?” asked. ILE Aleut did not reply, but crouched closer to the fire. Thornton looked at him and frowned. The fellow ‘seemed to have changed. Before he had started off to get the birds, he had seemed nor- mal, and entirely willing to help. But now he obviously was nervous and fright- ened. “What's the matter?”? Thornton asked again. “Did you see anything that scared you?” The Aleut grunted, and shook his head slightly. “Do vou know what island this is?”’ Thornton persisted. “Devil Island,” replied the Aleut, shortly. “Have you ever been here before?” “T not come on shore. I see it from schooner.” * Are you sure it is Devil Island?” “Yes. See big rock with tall tree on top there.” He pointed in the direction he had gone. ‘Do you mean that there are devils on the island?” Pog The Aleut’s eyes roved un- Casily, “Who ever saw them?” “Kiska Joe.” “Has he been ashore here?” “Ves.” “What for?” “He come with presents for devil.” “Why?” He BRING presents so seal be easy catch.” Are you sure that no one lives here?” Oh, plenty sure. Nobody ever live here. Devil Island.” How often does Kiska Joe come?” Oue time year. In spring. Before seal come, , Has he ever told you what he has seen were? ; Yes. He say, ‘Oomak, I leave present or devil. Devil come. Make yell. I run lhornton turned to the others. ““There’s 10 setting to the bottom of it. They be- POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY lieve, apparently, (Continued on page 126) > OJ) § Improve Your with Allen-Bradley Resistors AY bras you build a B-Eliminator, be sure that your kit contains Bradleyohm-E for plate voltage control and Bradleyunit-A for the fixed resistors. Then you will be assured of perfect plate voltage control. & Bradleyanit-A PERFECT FIXED RESISTOR This solid, molded fixed resistor has no glass or hermetic sealing in its construction. It is a solid unit, molded and heat-treated under high pressure, that is not affected by tem- perature, moisture and age. The end caps are silver-plated, and can be soldered without affecting the accuracy of the Brad- leyunit. By all means, use Brad- leyunit-A when you need a fixed resistor in your radio hookup. Always insist that Bradleyohm-E and Bradleyunit-A are included with your B-Eliminator kit. You then will be assured of perfect voltage control. ALLEN-BRADLEY COMPANY 293 Greenfield Ave. Wiring diagram is shown above t definitely. Ask for Bradleyohm-E. aan 5 : | MF. CONDENSER @ Q —S B-Eliminator Brad £ PERFECT VARIABLE RESISTOR This oversize variable resistor is used as standard equipment for accurate plate voltage control by leading B-Eliminator manufactur- ers. The scientifi- cally treat- ed discs in Bradley- ohm-E provide stepless, noiseless, plate voltage control, and the setting will be maintained in- Milwaukee, Wis. Write for Folder Giving Seven B-Eliminator Hookups. ent FRONT OF PANEL “Use Allen-Bradley Perfect Radio Devices, © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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made good as new. QHEN you fill a crack or hole with Rut- land Patching Plaster, the wall looks as good as new. And the patch is as lasting as the wall itself. Rutland Patching Plaster will not crack, crumble or fall out. It will not shrink as plaster of paris shrinks. It’s easier to use than plaster of paris because it does not get hard or ‘‘set”’ instantly. Comes in handy cartons. You just add water and apply. Paint, wall-paper and hard- \— = ware stores sell it. If your Ppelsacny dealer hasn’t Rutland, we will { a mail a package direct and you | [i can pay the postman 30c. plus postage. Rutland Fire Clay Co., Dept. R-6, Rutland, Vermont. WHITING’S CELEBRATED BRUSHES ADAMS SUPERIOR BRUSHES From the first to the | last stroke they de- | liver such a measure | of satisfactory service that they have be- come standard equip- ment of American Painters. These brushes ** break in” quickl y—work right, and last long. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY | WHITING-ADAMS | BOSTON BRUSH MAKERS FOR 118 YEARS hid Bare Hands (Continued from page 125) that there are devils*here, and as soon as this fellow learned what island he was on, he promptly came back to the fire with- out any birds. I guess we'll have to get our own. Who'll go with me?” Williams volunteered, and the two started off in the direction that Oomak had taken. Their feet were tender, and after traversing a few hundred yards over the rocks they were prepared to give up. But they came upon a fallen tree, and plucked pieces of bark from it, mak- ing sandals which they laced to their feet with strips of cloth torn from their pajamas. After that they traveled more rapidly, and with more comfort. Birds flew about them by thousands, and they found scores of nests with eggs in each one. A rabbit scurried around a rock and darted into a thicket of willow bushes, and ptarmigans foolishly stood their ground, as if waiting to be taken. T WAS a simple task to kill the ptar- migans. Thornton got several with a stick he had picked up, while Williams crept up to a nest and killed an eider duck as it tried to get away. Food, apparently. would not be one of their problems, and if there were many rabbits, clothing was assured. They made their way back to camp. and deposited their catch. The spirits of the party had noticeably improved, and as they sat about the fire and ate the birds that they cooked in the flames, they began to see that their predicament need not necessarily be fatal. They gath- ered a pile of wood, and found a shallow cave among the rocks—a cave with a wide mouth and a roof that slanted down from the opening to the back. Still, it was a sort of shelter, so they moved their fire, and set it going before their refuge. They reveled in the comfort that the half-pro- tected spot gave them, for now the heat was reflected down from the slanting roof onto their backs, and they no longer needed to roast to keep from being chilled. | Sand, which they carried in double hand- fuls from the beach, made a more or less even floor, while grass and moss, which they gathered, provided nestlike beds. They sharpened sticks in the fire, after the Aleut had shown them how, and Oomak, who refused to go far from the fire, did go, at last, to a rock midway across the little stream, where he soon speared a dozen fish with his fire-sharp- ened spear. HORNTON sat pondering before the fire. He wondered if they would be able to live on this desolate island. Three suits of pajamas and a suit of un- derwear were all the tangible assets that made them different from the men who lived in the stone age. “Stone age,” he thought, and visualized stone axes, arrowheads and spearheads. They could get those. And with them they could get food easily, and probably rabbit skins for clothing. They needed clothing badly. They could not go about over the rocks without strapping bark to their feet, and (Continued on page 127) March, 1% rake 2 HP SPEED over 20) miles perhour MASTER SPEED. TWIN SEND for FREE BOOK The only outboard motor with neutral starting position—the only one with fast and slow speeds forward and reverse— the only one where the hand that steers controls all speeds by merely raising or | lowering the steering handle. Other © features—practically vibrationless— safety tilting—light weight—the famous Caille guarantee—easy payment plan. THE CAILLE MOTOR COMPANY 7 Detroit, Mich, 7 Pay as You Play © 6240 Second Blvd. Dept. B. $32.00 puts a motor on a“. your boat. The rest Leg on e"e'e"eTse"a"ea" PRRURERERUEEL EEL Provides audio amplification “ with minimum distortion. Bradlevunit molded resistors used in the Bradley-Amplifier do not vary with age and are not affected by atmospheric conditions. Can be used to replace transformer amplifiers in standar sets with decided increase in tone quality. Electric Controlling Apparatus 293Greenfield Avenue Milwaukee, Wis. cS RRR RER RLS 8 ae te ete ee ne en ee ee ete en ee ent ; n rs | Burlin to a set on N Only OO The 21-Jewel Burlington {s sold to you at a very low price and on the very special terms of $1.00 down-—free examination—small monthly payments. , oh Send for the most complete w#' Free Book book ever produced. 100 designs and engravings in colors, Write for it today. It is free, A postcard will do. - h St. & Marshall Bid. Burlington Watch Co. cep i3-63 cnicase The LINCOLN Sport Plan Bui'd and fly it Yourself 100 MILES PER HOUR 30 H. P. Motor e ial now ready {# i Se for illustrated 4 ee New flying school opens March Ist. Earn whi you learn. . LINCOLN AIRCRAFT comPAN Lincoln, Nebraska Dep! © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. arch, 192 their pa for sucl their cl Park ruefully = * plained able tc nervou the ya Tho Parker in the never | peated “W frail, 1 in the tance: thing pajan you § to gel went of ye for a we re ONS, niusec that min sure! fact Thir plan plac rem the. get Will } prisi ho had ) and me plai talk WO! aw

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arch, 1927 Bare Hands (Continued from page 126) their pajamas would soon give out if used for such purposes. They must conserve their cloth. Parker sat beside Thornton and gazed ruefully into the fire. “T wish I had a cigarette,” he com- plained. “Nuisance, isn’t it, not to be able to smoke?” He moved his hand nervously. “And I had four cartons on the yawl.” Thornton looked up at his friend. re Parker was not the most perfect person er in the world for such a predicament. He — never had used his hands, and seemed to us | have very little inclination to learn how. n. “I'd give anything for a smoke,” re- Y peated Parker for the tenth time. h. @ 'y oo HAT have you to give?” Thorn- ton flared, disgusted with this frail, nervous weakling for the first time in their fifteen years of intimate acquain- tanceship. “Do you realize that every- thing we possess in the world are our pajamas and Kelly’s underwear? Can’t you see that during the time it took us to get ashore from the yawl we actually went back through history for thousands of years? Can’t you forget your desire for a cigarette and take a look at the fix we're in—naked, without tools or weap- ous, with nothing to save us but our muscles and our brains? Can’t you see that unless we are on our toes every minute of the time we may die of cxpo- sure? And you sit there and bewail the fact that you haven’t got a cigarette! Think, man, think! Try, if you can, to plan how we can live in this God-forsaken place, and how we can get away. And remember—we are cave men—men of the stone age. Are we going to live and get out of this? Or are we too weak? Will we live, or will we die? To hell with cigarettes!” Parker looked up at Thornton in sur- prise. Never, since he could remember, liad he been spoken to in such a tone, and he resented it. “What do you mean by speaking to me like that?”? he demanded. “Ill com- plain all l wish and whenever I wish. You talk as if you were lecturing a child. I won't have you speak to me as if I were a weakling.” “DARKER,” replied Thornton, serious- A ly, “you're a fool. In our office I am willing to recognize myself as your inferior. But here youare a weakling. What can you do to save your life? Or ours? What have you done since we have come ashore except sit beside the fire and eat the food that others have supplied for you? Could you have done it? Not a bit. You know the theory of making fire by friction, but it is completely beyond you as a practical problem. You know that birds can be caught, but for each one you could get any of the rest of us could get a dozen. | You have neither practical knowledge | aoe physical strength, and you need both. | Bea man. Try to play your part, but ; Cont assume that your position of im- portance in Seattle has followed you here, for it hasn't.” (Continued on page 128) POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Seo walk of life now wear Strap Watches 127 Adjusted to the Second; Adjusted to Temperature; Adjusted to Isochronism; Adjusted to Positions ; 21 Ruby and Sapphire Jewels; 25 Year Gold Strata Case; Your choice of Dials; (Including Montgomery R. R. Dial); New Ideas in Thin Cases. pproval She Di Jewel Santa Fe Special We will send this famous watch, express prepaid, for you to examine, to inspect, to admire, to approve without one penny advance payment. Examine the watch and be convinced it’s the best watch buy you ever saw. Just a small payment down, the balance in easy MONTHLY payments. You use the watch while paying for it. Save 13 to 1/2 of Your Money By purchasing this Famous Santa Fe Special Watch. Not only are you saving money from the present day prices of watches, but you can still secure the “Santa Fe Special” Watch, at the same low prices and terms that have made our watches famous. Ladies’ Wrist Watches Artistic, dependable ladies’ wrist watches —perfect timepieces, beautiful hand en- graved cases in white or green gold. Send for New Watch Book and see the new shapes and designs. Sent on approval and sold on payments. Write for “Santa Fe” Watch Book Clip the coupon, fill out and reccive the FREE WATCH BOOK just off the press. All the newest watch case designs in white or green gold, fancy shapes and thin models are shown. Read our easy payment offer. Wear the watch 30 days FREE. Watch sent for your examination and approval without a penny down. Nothing to risk. ; See the watch before you buy. Write for New Book Today and Select Your Watch. Mail Coupon SANTA FE WATCH COMPARY 38 Thomas Building, Topeka, Kansas (Home of the Great Santa Fe Railway) JUST OUT! Send for our New Watch Book—Just off the press. It wil) post you about - OY watch styles and Santa Fe Watch Co, 38 Thomas Bldg. Topeka, Kansas Please send prepaid and without obligation your New Watch Book Free, explaining your ‘‘No Money Down” Offer on the Santa Fe Special Watch. NOM€........ccceees values. Se d for it today—It's FREL. RGGIONB. c cccecccdssecess Advice for Popular Science readers regarding safe and profit- able investments. See page 6. PUNCTURE: PROOFS 2 Tires in ONE minute ff Tires hammered full of nails, leak no air. Amazing newinvention banishes puncture trou- ble forever. Punctures heal instantly. Stops slow leaks. Preserves rubber. Increases tire life. Clean,scientifically correct. Not a Liquid. FREE SAMPLE frenciitcs pro Tremendous profits. No talking—justdrive nailsinanoldtire.GET THE FACTS. Territory going fast. Full particulars— Big Book anda FREE SAMPLE postpaid by return mail. Send No Money, just your name but ACT NOW. C.F. JOHNSON & CO. 19 W. Jackson Blvd. Dept. 476 CHICAGO —— _ © This seal on a radie, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. WADE BENCH LATHE Cap., 4 i dia. x 12 in. length, Sliderest has trav- Hollow spindle. facing, bering, winding, thread cutting, No. 1 Lathe, plain headstock- - $28.00 Either lathe with 18 in. length between centers, $7 extra. No. 2 Lathe, back-geared screw cutting - - - = - = .00 Complete line of accessories at equally low a Catalog sent THE GEROLD COMPANY New York ree Dept. P.S. 19, 120 Liberty Street 164 PAGES—1927 EDITION Shows the la‘est circuits, the newest develop- ments in ratio at startlingly low prices. Ge the parts you want here and save money. The best in parts, kits complete factory -built sets and supplies. Orders filled same day received. Write for free copy NOW; also please send na nes of one or more radio fans. BARAWIK CO., 540-559 Monroe St., Chicago, U.S. A.

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Hammer ana Cutting Tool in One HE chisel edge on the end of the claw makes thisham- mer a cutting tool of a hundred uses, without altering the claw fea- ture. Small side claws make iteasy to pull nails in close corners, The off-set position of the head gives far greater leverage—pulling ten penny nailswith ease. A perfectly bal- ancedone pound ham- mer forged of tool steel. If your dealer cannot supply you write us direct. Price $2.00 CHISEL-EDGE-CLAW HAMMER COMPANY H. A. Ayvad—Dept. E Hoboken, N. J., U.S.A. 9-in. x 3-ft. Back Geared Screw Cutting Bench Lathe $150%* Complete with Countershaft and Equipment With this lathe you cancut threads 4to40 per inch, finish pistons, reface valves, make bushings, machine arma- tures, undercut mica, bore, drill, chuck, turn, grind, polish, and many more electrical or auto repair jobs. SPECIFICATIONS | ATTACHMENTS Power Feed Can be fitted with Grad. Compound Rest Draw-in Collet Chuck Bed length........ 5 et. Taper Attachment Spindle hole ..... % in Grinding Attachment Weight crated... 375 Ibs. Chucks, tools, etc. EASY TERMS IF DESIRED Drives from overhead countershaft or % H. P. Motor plugged into light socket. WRITE FOR FREE BULLETIN 22-J describing this lathe and illustrating many lathe jobs. SOUTH BEND LATHE WORKS 832 E. Madison St. ___ South Bend, Ind. ; iSOUTH BEND LATHES! FREE Breed squabs and make money. Sold by millions. No matter where you live you can raise and ship squabs to your advan- SQUAB BOOKS tage. We ship stock everywhere on 3 x | x months’ trial. Write at once for two free 1927 aguab books telling how to do it, You will be surprised. One book is 40 pages beautifully printed in colors, other 32 pages. Ks h 5 TWO 1927 No obligation. k for Book No. Three and Book No. Four. Address PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB COMPANY, 616 H Street, Meirose Highlands, Mass. bist. 26 years. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Bare Hands (Continued from page 127) The whole party sat solemnly staring into the fire. A new appreciation of their predicament had come as a result of Thornton’s speech. It was serious, and they had much to do in order to save their lives. What faced them on that island they could not guess. No other land was visible from where they stood, and they felt very lonely and far away. Naturally the fire was the center of their activities. They went from it for lit- tle distances and returned to it promptly. They did not know what might be beyond the boulders, and they felt weak and un- protected. The black rocks frowned upon them. The wind-deformed trees seemed almost like demons ready to attack them. The colorless sea stretched endlessly away to a horizon as devoid of life as any desert. BIT of stone fell from near the top of the cliff, and started a miniature landslide down the steep slope. Birds squawked mournfully as they flew swiftly overhead. The breeze in the trees of the ravine whined dolefully. Everything was depressing. They heard a twig snap not far away and sat up quickly. They were silent and alert. Suddenly there came a terrific cry. They shivered with alarm and drew closer together. Oomak grov- eled on the grotind as the ery increased, and Thornton rose to his feet with a bit of firewood in his hand, fiercely deter- mined to protect himself and his friends. The cry grew louder. It rose and fell, echoing from the cliff. Higher and louder it grew, and soared off at last to a pierc- ing shriek that stopped suddenly, almost as if the vocal chords that made it had snapped from the strain. For a moment the weird cry continued to echo from the cliff, and then all was.silence again, save Oomak’s whimpering as he crouched upon the sand. What was that dreadful sound which pierced the mysterious silence of the desolate island? Was it the cry of hu- man being, beast, or what? Whence had it come? Another thrilling install- ment of this fascinating novel will be published in next month’s issue. Radio Photos Unmarred by Spots HE sprinkling of spots, or “freckles,” which has been the chief drawback to the radio transmission of pictures by the so-called pen and ink method, re- cently has been remedied by a new proc- ess said to reproduce the original pictures | far more faithfully. This process, as announced by Capt. R. | H. Ranger of the Radio Corporation of America, substitutes for pen and ink a fine stream of hot air, shot from a nozzle five thousandths of an inch in diameter. This stream, striking specially treated paper, reproduces the picture at the re- ceiving end. It is controlled by a small valve operated by the incoming signals. The process, it is said, also eliminates the effect of static, which heretofore has effaced parts of the transmitted picture. March, Why Don’t You Play | a Hohner Harmonica’? Anyone may quickly learn to play # real music on a Hohner Harmonica § with the aid of this Free Instruc- 7 tion Book. a See how easy it is! Read the sim- and pictures, take your Harmonica, hold it as shown and blow-drau, blow-draw. In a short time you will master the scale; and when you can play thescale you will soon be play- ing favorite melodies to the delight of yourself and friends Get your harmonica today and be sure it’s a Hohner. And ask for the Free In- struction Book. If your dealer is out of copies, write M. Hohner, Inc., Dept. 182 114 East 16th St., New York. “*Tune-in’’ on Your Radio for the “Hohner catalog. Explains easy method = and everything in highest Plumbing Outfits, Heatlt Plants, Water our customers that you can BUY ON EAs! TERMS. FREE Planning Service All-Cast Pipeless Furnace Send us a rough sketch of yourrooms and we will figure the wholesale cost of Heating Plant or Plumbing Out- fit designed especially to fit your home. 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h, ee March, 1927 Forty Thousand People within Four Walls! (Continued from page 19) hazards in earthquakes, hurricanes and fires. They point out that in the Califor- nia and Japanese earthquakes, buildings of the skyscraper type withstood shocks | better than any other kind of structure, while the recent Florida hurricane left the skyscrapers in better condition than other buildings. | Scientific fireproofing and enforcement _ of rigid safety regulations, they add, have reduced the fire hazard to a minimum. | While hardly a week goes by without a | small fire in one of the great buildings, | virtually every blaze is confined to one | or two rooms. | | 7 R. BOSSOM recently offered a | o fascinating picture of the sky- scraper city of the future. Buildings will grow very much taller than at present, he prophesied. Their lowest floors will be devoted to retail stores, all facing ar- cades. The skyscraper superstructure will extend to the curb line, over the arcades. The full width of streets between the buildings will be reserved entirely for automobile traffic. Such planning will tend, he says, to distribute shopping traffic throughout our cities. | On second floors will be located other | shops. banks, and similar institutions. | At street crossings we may expect to see | bridges over the traffic to enable pedes- | | trians to cross without risk, and without the loss of time. Floors from the second to the tenth will be occupied by offices or light manufacturing establishments. All | these lower floors will be illuminated and | ventilated artificially. Above the tenth floor level will be hotels, schools, apart- | ment houses, and colleges; and highest of all, where there is abundant fresh air and | freedom from noise, will be hospitals. | Theaters and churches will occupy the | centers of the big buildings on the lower | floors. Basements will be used for bus | terminals, garages, restaurants, and other | places where people congregate and | Where natural light is not required. & [TIES of the future will have hang- | \4 ing gardens,” said Mr. Bossom. | “Trees will grow six and seven hundred | leet above the ground, and bushes and | flowers will thrive on setback terraces out- side the windows. Men will be able to live healthier and happier lives. The time uow wasted in traveling between home and oftice will be saved for recreation.” Men will continue to build skyscrapers, he predicted, as long as the present de- | mand for them continues. Nero Played a Water Calliope | TNVENTED three centuries before the | ‘ Christian era, the first “circus cal- | liope” was played with water instead of | steam. Italian archeologists, digging in | the ruins near the Golden House of Nero, have brought to light the fact that the | Roman emperor amused himself with one | ot these musical instruments. | Water | Pressure compressed the air to blow the | metal pipes, while a network of strings controlled the air valves. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY i. oe ® a. = we e Uther Night on the Radio’ | Hunprebs of letters from delighted listeners-in are telling us of their experi- ¥ ences of “‘the other night on the radio.”” @ Owners of the Carborundum Crys- / i | tal Set Hook-up who are reaching out to stations 50, 70, even 200 miles i away and getting perfect reception. Users of reflex sets getting better a e Carborundum Company results than ever before—owners of super-hets telling us of the crystal /’ $3.50 a Niagara Falls, N.Y. IN U.S.A. i Please send free 2 —— PN A 2 . quality of tone—undistorted, crystal clear tones that come to / them because of the installation of The Carborundum Reg.U.S Pat Off Stabilizing Detector Unit 3 Street Tue CarsporunpuM Company, Niacara Fauuis,N.Y. CANADIAN CARBORUNDUM Co., LTbD., NIAGARA FALLS, ONT, if The Carborundum Co., Ltd., Manchester, Eng. clear tones the sharper tuning and the increased volume they are ,’ enjoying. @QBut above all they are telling us of the clear,true |” WITHOUT io Hook-up Book D-6 DRY CELL / Name City y ¢ State @ — jee Se Oe wee See SG TYPEWRITER! A touch and its done all you need is heat—and Kester Metal Mender. It’s ready to use and with it you can do your own soldering at home as well as an expert. Full direc- tions with each can, enables any- body to — Sy solder. Mj OWN A, [A GENUINE UNDERWOOD! Clip and mail this, {f you want a real rebuilt UNDERWOOD— ace of all typewriters. Remanufactured and guaranteed FIVE | years. 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Glenn Curtiss (Continued from page 22) was a wild-eyed, impractical person, with | ideas that wouldn’t work. Perhaps I got some of that impression from J. Trowbridge’s poem, his Flying Machine.’ I can remember. Inventors didn’t stand very high in rural communities. I’m more | or less “reconciled now to being called| one, though I’ve always felt that I was /f a developer rather than an inventor.” As to that, Henry Ford didn’t invent | the automobile. Nor did Glenn Curtiss invent the motorcycle, which was in|) world-wide use long before the four-.|| wheeled “‘horseless carriage” became a}! commercial product. But out of the idea || implanted by James Smellie came the Curtiss motorcycle, the speediest and best-known in its day. E. R. Thomas had begun to make motorcycles in Buffalo and the Orient Manufacturing Company at Waltham, Mass. not copy either of those, but started from the ground up. Glenn Curtiss did | March, 1927 : T. | “Darius Green and | My grandmother | knew Mr. Trowbridge very well, and used | to recite that poem to me as far back as/

u

E SENT away for a set of castings for a gasoline engine. The castings| came, with no instructions as to what to| do with them. By the application of! elbow grease and horse sense they were | machined and assembled in the bicycle) shop into some sort of an engine. Fora carburetor, a tomato can filled with gaso- line and covered with gauze which sucke d| up the liquid by capillary attraction, served both that purpose and that of a) tank! “Tt was a remarkable contrivance, but| | it worked,” said Mr. Curtiss. *‘ We didn’ t| know where to apply the power to the| best advantage. We used a friction roller pulley, first on the rear wheel, then on the front. We tried wooden pulleys, leather pulleys, finally a rubber pulley. My first trip on it was to the post office. I had to pedal all the way there, while the citizens of Hammondsport stood in their doorways and laughed. Then it began to pop, and it was my turn to laugh.” HAT first engine, with two-inch bore and two-and-one-half-inch stroke, was much too small, so he got another set of castings, the largest he could find. The second Curtiss motorcycle was 4 terror. Its engine weighed 190 pounds, with its three-and-one-half-by-five-inch piston, but it drove the machine thirty | miles an hour, over the hills. Glenn | Curtiss was traveling faster than he had | ever gone before. His third attempt resulted in a a motorcycle. It was apparent to

any- | body that it. was a practical machine. | Everybody who saw it wanted one, and | before the end of 1901 the G. H. Curtiss Manufacturing Company was in full) swing, building motorcycles and shipping | them all over the country. And Glenn Curtiss himself went out and rode them | in races, hill-climbing contests, every- where. Gold medals and loving cups began to clutter up the Curtiss mantel piece, for he was

© This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. (Continued on page 131) iia

mar! The trip cour worl mint has 2 star abou engl coul mov whe hool and sails offe stee in Dut | ball rude 1 vou Day sam | mor

out Cou fly Lan | bete | tho | | | it, cha few lors iC had par cel bull his | Pac 1; CVC as | to bou one On a Cu Cal pol | abl

up

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in

March, 1927

Glenn Curtiss (Continued from page 130) married now, with a home of his own. Then in January, 1904, he made his first trip to Florida and on the famous speed course at Ormond Beach established the world’s ten-mile motorcycle record of 8 minutes, 54 2/5 seconds, a record which has not yet been beaten. HAT was a memorable year in the annals of aerial navigation, 1904. It started all over the world at once, the talk about steering a balloon. The gasoline engine had been developed in a dozen countries into the lightest weight prime mover man had yet devised, and every- where men were speculating on ways of hooking a gasoline engine to a balloon and sailing through the clouds as a ship sails at seas A man named Deutsch offered a huge prize for the first man to steer a balloon around the Eiffel Tower in Paris, and a young Brazilian, Santos- Dumont by name, built a cigar-shaped balloon with an engine, propeller and rudder, to try for it. There were rumors that a couple of voung men named Wright, who had in Dayton, Ohio, a bicycle shop much of the same caliber as Glenn Curtiss’ in Ham- mondsport, were even trying to fly with-. out putting any gas in their balloon. Of course, everybody knew that you couldn’t fly a heavier-than-air machine; Professor Langley’s disastrous attempt the year before had proved that, so the public thought. If a great scientist couldn’t do it, how could a couple of bicycle me- chanics? Preposterous! So most of the few who had heard about the Wrights forgot them and turned to dirigibles. rthdeen Thomas Scott Baldwin, of 4 San Francisco, was one of these. He liad been giving ballooning exhibitions, | parachute jumping, captive balloon as- censions, for years. He knew how to build balloons, but engines were outside his line. One day, somewhere on the Pacific Coast, he saw a Curtiss motor- cycle. Its lightweight engine struck him as Just what he was looking for. He came to Hammondsport, met Glenn Curtiss, bought an engine from him, then another one specially designed for air work, and on August 3, 1904, the Baldwin airship, “California Arrow,” equipped with a Curtiss engine, started out at Oakland, California, and returned to its starting point. Never before had any aircraft been able to do that! lhe St. Louis World’s Fair had hung | Up an international prize for the achieve- ment of just that feat. Santos-Dumont brought his dirigible over from France: Captain Baldwin his from California. San- tos-Dumont did not start, but the “Cali- lornia Arrow” did—and won the prize. That convinced the world that the dirigible was a success, and it gave Glenn Curtiss some more ideas to mull over. Captain Baldwin removed his balloon building plant to Hammondsport, Where he and Curtiss built several dirigibles which gave exhibition flights around the country. The problem of air

I < ik ‘ } - lavigation had (Continued on page 132) De

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Milton Sills, lar? % " . “ Firat sp gr ed age © You learn quickly because we have simplified the finger- oo, Nt eli ing, made it easy for you to play, easy to produce full, rich Enchantress"’ tones. That’s why amateur musicians like Sills prefer the new Lyon & Healy. Leading professional players in famous orchestras are delighted with its accurate adjustment, im- rovements in action for hair-trigger finger work, exactness in pitch and resonant and mellow tones. Completely made in Lyon & Healy’s own factories and guaranteed by this, the most famous music house in the world. Easy Payments! Learn how easy it is to purchase one of these professional instruments on ourspecial time-payment plan. Many write they pay for theirs out of extra pocket money earned by playing as they pay. FREE Instructions Free Trial Use coupon for details of six-day, Free Trial, Free Lessons Offer. Teaches you to play tunes with- / out learning written music. Not obtainable anywhere else. Free, with a Lyon & Healy Sax. |, ie Play one of these? M. ail coupon today Lyon & Healy Trumpet, ‘‘Conical Bore’’ throughout. Easier to play. The most re-

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handy and husky— Man alive! What a handy, efficient machine shop the new SpeedWay Drill and Saw Kit is! It works from any nearby lamp socket. Just the tool for your garage, workshop or repair bench. A real money maker and time saver for the small job. A POWERFUL PORTABLE DRILL. The electric drill in the Kit is either a portable or stationary drill for 4” holes in steel or 44” in wood. Just turn the swite h and zingo!—the job is under way. A HANDY PORTABLE SAW. Just attach the blade, with guard, and your drill becomes a handy, husky portable saw, ready to go to work on any sort of a job. GRINDS—BUFFS Drill and Saw Kit comes equipped for polishing silverware, headlights, hardware. The 2” emery wheel takes care of your grinding jobs. Kit complete is packed in a neat pressed steel case. NLY $1.00 DOWN Pin a dollar bill to the coupon and we will ship this Speed Way Drill and Saw Kit to you at once, payable $10.00 on delivery, balance in easy monthly pay- , ments. TEN DAYS’ FREE TRIAL Our free trial plan enables you to test out this handy Speed Way Drill and Saw Kit in your own nome. If it does less than we claim for it. send it pack. DON’T DELAY—WRITE TODAY Write today for fullinformation on the new Speed Way Drill and Saw Kit. ELECTRO SAGEETSS TvOL CO. 1839 S. S2nd Ave Cicero, i SEND COUPON NOW POLISHES. The SpeedWay POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

Manager, De handy Speed Way Dri'l and Saw Kit. ceipt: ety me, $36.0( 3 Jear Sir: aay is my dollar bill Please ship me at once the I will pay $10.00 on re- ») in 30 days, and $12.50 in 60 days, Name. . Address. . Total cost to 8 Glenn Curtiss (Continued from page 131) been solved—so everybody believed—by the Curtiss motor, with which every dir- igible built in the United States from then on was equipped. OVERNMENTS were interested, in- cluding our own. Government offi- | cials asked Baldwin and Curtiss if they could build a dirigible airship which could fly for two hours consecutively at a speed of twenty miles an hour, carrying | twomen. They said that they could, and Glenn Curtiss set to work to redesign his motor and propellers. Hammondsport old-timers, who never tire of talking of Glenn Curtiss and his “contraptions,” still chuckle over the “‘horse-scarer”’ which he built, with which to test out engines and propellers. This ““wind wagon,” an engine and propeller mounted on bicycle wheels, proved a great dust-raiser and noise-maker, but aroused so much prejudice among the farmers that it had to be abandoned. Instead, tests were made on Lake Keuka, on an ice boat in winter, a floating craft in summer, until Glenn Curtiss knew more about air propellers and how they behave when attached to an engine, than any- body else knew up to that time. And in redesigning the engine, to gain endurance he introduced the water-cooling system for the first time in aerial history. They built the dirigible the Govern- ment had ordered and took it to Fort Myer for its acceptance test, in the summer of 1905. There wasn’t any cabin,” said Mr. Curtiss. ‘‘Just a light framework sus- pended from the balloon, with the engine and propeller at the front and the rudders at the rear. I sat in front and ran the engine, while Captain Baldwin sat aft and attended to the steering. "LL never forget those two hours in the air, over the Virginia woods. The thing flew straight enough horizontally, but it had a vertical, up-and-down motion like a cantering horse, alternately piling up

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ward the soft nose of the gas bag would dip, and from where Captain Baldwin sat it looked as if it were going to hit the propeller. He got pretty nervous. I could see around the curve of the diri- gible forward, and whenever he nose flopped too close to the propeller I would slacken speed. But Baldwin didn’t know that, and in his excitement he used all the plain and fancy cuss words he knew. I didn’t hear one of them, but the crowd on the ground heard them all, as they told us afterward. But we brought the ship through the test, with a speed three miles beyond requirements.” That was Army Dirigible Number One. Glenn Curtiss had become an air-man. The next installment of this remark- able series will appear in the April issue. In it Mr. Stockbridge will tell how Curtiss came to make the first public airplane flight ever made.

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30> all MEAD Bicycles : New 1927 Models now ready for delivery di- JAW ect from our factory. Astonishing new prices [i @nd terms. L« not buy until you get them. $5 2 WONTH iin ise” iresy' om. uo, ane horps. eS Trlomzent ot Write ar 4 wervstoms potas Me CYCLE COMPANY write ss, “\ DEPE 1-250 CHICAGO free <atsiog © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8.

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927 \ March, 1927 | Wilson observers declare that the sun that may increase cases of sunburn this New Gifts of Science (Continued from page 23) Observatory, has designed a gigantic new telescope, largest in the world. The appearance of enormous sun spots, some 125,000 miles long, has probably aroused more interest and speculation than any other celestial event. Mount spots increase the amount of powerful ultra-violet rays in sunlight—a condition summer. Anthropology and Archaeology ROOF that ripe old age is a compara- tively modern thing has been offered by Prof. T. Wingate Todd of the Western Reserve University from comparative | studies of ancient and modern skeletons. He showed that the heaviest death rate in ancient and medieval times occurred at about forty-two years, while the heavi- est death rate among adults in modern civilization occurs at seventy-two. Im- proved conditions of living and greater safety, he found, have greatly increased the span of life since ancient times. Similarly, by extensive measurements and comparisons, Dr. Horace Gray, of the Lustitute of Juvenile Research in Chicago, has found that the American boy of today is taller by at least two inches than lads of the same age fifty years ago. This he attributed to increasing knowledge of health and control of disease. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 133 CROW CR ORCRI OCH OCR OCR OCWMCROWOR The AMPLION CONE ably stands the severest test you can give —clear reproduction of speech b geod will enjoy the many bled with the Cone in a hand- speeches and talks that will some mahogany cabinet, 14”x be broadcast this winter much 14” x9”. Model AC12—$30. be —— pot Amplion Other Amplion reproducers y aCe SE. from $12 to $135 The secret of its fine perform- ance lies in the matchless Amplion unit which is assem- Ask your dealer for a demonstration or write for booklet illustrating and describ- ing all Amplion models. THE AMPLION CORPORATION OF AMERICA Suite M, 280 Madison Ave., New York City The Amplion Corporation of Canada Ltd., Toronto ¢ So: = wy Fascinating facts about early civiliza- tions on the American continent have been revealed in the ruins of ancient Mayan cities of Central America. These included | a great sundial built by Mayan astrono- mers more than 1500 years ago; and the finding of remains of a great system of stone roads well built by ancient Mayans in Yucatan, In addition, evidences of a prehistoric Indian race, highly civilized, were dis- covered ina marshy region of southern | Louisiana. Entomology HE everlasting battle against insects that destroy our trees and crops has heen enlivened by the importation by the Bureau of Entomology of a friendly in- } sect so murderous that it will attack almost any caterpillar. It is being dis- tributed over the country to prey upon the destructive gypsy moth, the brown tail moth and many pests of garden and orchard. At the same time considerable success In controlling the sugar cane moth borer has resulted from airplane dusting of crops with sodium fluosilicate. ‘hat the upper reaches of the sky may be infested with insects that plague the earth was revealed recently by Dr. E. P. Felt New York State entomologist. By eine ol traps attached to an airplane, ae flies and maggots as high as leet. Other experiments indicated oegeresence of insects at still greater aititue es, a © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 8. Read the Money Making Opportunities on pages 134 to 166 of this issue. Make More Money Gordon- Van Tine Home No. 632 6 Rooms and Sun Porch Meteriale— $1,93: La a) pit til iil lee | eeey pa end For Bookof [| ns! So SO EE ote “ee a Poa e 23 “as i SOR mg 0 f ‘Mai? We furnish lumber, millwork an This 140- Coupon rials, Plan-Cut at mill, shipped direct to your Page Book or station. Each piece is cut, sawed, notched by pow- Write? er-driven saws. Customers say they save 30% Shows photos, labor-cost and 18% lumber waste. Many build Geer plans, specs i} et eaeeeeeses eaaseseeer 7 j jreect- + . for $200 to $2,000 less. Machine-accuracy insures json irect « Gordon-Van Tine Co., tighter, stronger, warmer house. onl00PLAN-CUT § 931 Case Street, , Complete plans drawn by skilled architects. HOMES. Askalso « Davenport, lowa Charming homes—Colonial, English,Spanish,Bun- fr Gorages. — = Satisfaction Guaranteed or Money Back galows, 4 to9 rooms. Many built-in conveniences. Barnsand Poultry © Please send me Catalogs. One guaranteed price covers all materials accord- Houses. . : ing tospecifications. Noextras. 200,000 customers. FE Esti . s Tam interested in ,... esceseeceesseses cree POCEOUMALS 6b Nome oo... ook. sees neces concees cece illfigureyour § Gordon-Vantine wesieeee: Pn (Established 1865) job. Wholesale ~ prices. Write! eee ee Cee e ee we eeee Seeees ee eseses Seeeee PLAN-CUT Homes

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Learn Electricity by Actual Wor ~ Fe... f in 3 Months 4fCoyNE Learn to Earn $6§ to $200 a Week Or Go In Business for Yourself and Make $3,500 to $15,000 a Year Yes, 3 months at the Great School of Coyne, located in Chicago, The Klectrical Center of the World, will make you an Electrical Expert ca- pable of commanding big pay. The whole world of electricity is open to the practical man, the man who has had actual experience with electrical apparatus. Coyne gives you a prac- tical training on the greatest outlay of electrical apparatus of any institu- tion in the World; everything from door bells to power plants. Not a Correspondence School We don’t make you a mere “paper” elec- trician. We train you by practice on our mammoth outlay of actual equipment. We train you in house-wiring by having you do it exactly as it is done outside—not Just by reading about it. The same applies to armature winding, power plant operating, motor installations, automotive work and hundreds of electrical jobs. That’s why we can train you to Master Electrical Expert. No Books—No Lessons—No Classes You Do Actual Work The Coyne practical course includes no books, printed lessons or useless theory. We train you to work with your head and hands on the same kind of electrical appara- tus as you will find “out in the field.” Age, lack of experience or education is no become a drawback. Our students range from 16 to 60 years of age. Coyne gives you Free, a Life Scholarship which enables you to return at any time for instruction on new apparatus which we are cortmually adding to our course. We assist you to a position after graduation. Free Radio Course included. Earn While You Learn! We help students to secure jobs to earn a good part of their living expenses while studying Send Coupon Now Send coupon today for big Free Book and full details of our special offer of Free ailroad Fare. Act now. H. C. Lewis, Pres. Founded 1899 COYNE ELECTRICAL SCHOOL 1300-1310 West Harrison St., Dept. 37-73 CHICAGO, ILL. Free R.R. Fare IF YOU ENROLL NOW H. C. Lewis, Pres. COYNE ELECTRICAL SCHOOL, Dept. 37-73, 1300-1310 W. Harrison St., Chicago, III. Dear Mr. Lewis: Please send’me free vour big cat- alog and your,special offer of free railroad fare. Vame.. Address CAN YOU USE MORE MONEY? Of course you can use more money, | | everybody can. And you can have more money by doing what thousands of other 7 readers of PopuLaAR SCIENCE Monvtuy have done—train yourself. Henry Kobs? has seen what training did for a friend of his. There is no secret, no magic in success, Read Mr. Kobs’ letter and do what he is doing. Pick out the offer in the Money Making columns of this issue of Popunar ScrENCE Montuty that you feel offers you the biggest opportunity and write today for further information. Here is Mr. Kobs’ prize-winning letter. Contest Editor: After reading over your Money Making Opportunities I pick the full page advertise- ment on page 115 of your January number of the Chicago Engineering Works as the best and most interesting. I have noticed this advertisement in the Popular Science for a number of months but| never took much interest in it until last month when I received a letter from an old school | chum of mine who took L. L. Cooke’s course of training and is now earning between $3500.00 and $4000.00 annually; more than | doubling his former salary. | My chum has proven to me that Mr.| Cooke’s course is reliable—that it’s the real | stuff. This also has proven to me that Poruzar | Serence Montn:y has nothing but the truth in | their advertising each month. I have already written Mr. Cooke for his| literature and application blank, and this will | probably be the turning point in my life| financially and many other ways. | Henry F. Kobs, Ladysmith, Wis. Maybe instead of doing things with your hands you prefer to talk to people, to sell them things. Then you will find the story told in the following letter of the greatest interest to you. This is the letter that wins the Second Prize. Contest Editor: I have a friend who became a salesman as soon as he graduated from high school. His first job was city candy salesman. Five years after he began selling, he had made some progress but far short of his am- bitions. About this time, he secured a position as assistant state salesman for an electrical company selling to garages, etc. Complaining to me one day of his lack of knowledge of the technical side of selling I suggested he enroll with the National Salesmen’s Training Asso- | ciation as I knew, from a personal source, they | were reliable. He took my suggestion and, | shortly after he completed his course, bis com- | pany gave him the state of West Virginia as his territory. His salary was $5000. Last September, he was transferred to Texas as state manager of salesmen for his company: His salary is $8000 now. In a recent letter t me he said: “I’m here, Carr, because of what | the N.S. T. A. did for me.” R. W. Carr, Parkersburg, W. Va. (Continued on page 135)

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March, 1927 Can You Use More Money? (Continued from page 134) More money means an easier life, more pleasures for yourself and family. Don’t be contented with small pay all your life. Do what the friends of Mr. Kobs and Mr. Carr did. Write to the advertisers in this issue of Popular Science Monthly. ' | 525 in cher CASH PRIZES For the best letter of 170 words or less answering the question— ‘“‘What advertisement in the ‘Money- Making Op- portunities Section’ inter- ests you most—and why?”’ we will pay on April 10th the following— CASH PRIZES king | 9 First Prize $10.00 tise: | Second Prize 5.00 ; of i Third Prize 3.00 dest | ° | Seven Prizes the | of $1.00 Each = 7.00 but | First read every advertisement onth | in the Money-Making Oppor- hoo! | tunities Section on pages 134 to UTS | 166. Pick out the one that in- veen |i terests you most and then write than 4 a letter—not exceeding 170 words a -telling us why you find the Mr. advertisement you have selected real the most interesting. TLAR Entries for the contest will th in close on March Ist. The prize winners and their letters will be fe published in the May issue of Ww POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. Address your letter to Contest Editor MONEY-MAKING OPPORTUNITIES life with POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY = a 250 Fourth Ave., New York nd | ae > PRIZE WINNERS in the January Contest FIRST PRIZE $10.00 Henry F. Kobs, Ladysmith, Wis. nas (Chicago Engineering Works) His SECOND PRIZE $5.00 R. W. Carr, Parkersburg, W. Va. National Salesmen’ s Training Assoc.) THIRD PRIZE $3.00 had am- ition Raymond Black, Spokane, Wash. rical \U. S. School of Music) ining PRIZE WINNERS who receive $1.00 f the each for their letters: a : Herbert Honaker, Albuquerque, N. M. A ss0- : § International Correspondence Schools) id H. R. Wallin, Brooklyn, N. Y. they 4 National Radio Institute) and, a Wilhelmina Gerard, Elmira, N. Y. com- = § Sherwin Cody School of English) ‘os a | International Correspondence Schools) -_ Ff August Mecikals, Pelican Lake, Wis. _ | B (Press Syndicate) exas Patrick Brady, Kimball, S. D. any: | Sherwin Cody School of English) er to | | Matt Grahek, Tower, Minn. what | American School of Aviation) | G. A. Edelman, Brooklyn, N. Y. | (W. B. Bradford) MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION Look What These Cooke Trained Men areEarning Makes $700 in 24 ys in Radio ‘*Thanks to your interest- ing Course I made over $700 in 24 days in Radio. Of course, this is a little above the average but I run from $10 to $40 clear profit every day; you can see what your training has done for me,’ FRED G. McNABB, ais Spring St., Atlanta, Ga. $70 to$80 a Week for Jacquot **Now I am specializing in autoelectricity and battery work and make from $70 to $80a week and am just etting started. I don’t be- F hieve there is another school in f} the world like yours. Your less sons are a real joy to study.’’ OB = JACQUOT, 5 W. Colorado Ave., Colorado Springs, Colo. $20 a Day for Sch: k **Use my name asa refer- ence and depend on me as a ~ booster, The biggest thing * 1 ever did was answer your advertisement, I am aver- S aging better than $500 a month from my own busi- ness now. I used to make $18 a week.”* A. SCHRECK, Phoenix, Ariz. Piant Engineer — Pay Raised 150% ‘I was a dumbbell in elec- tricity until I got in touch with you Mr. Cooke, but = now I have charge of a bi , plant including 600 motors nk direct a force of 34 men—elec- tricians, helpers, etc. ary has gone 160%."" My sal- up more than GEORGE ILLINGWORTH, 63 Calumet Road, Holyoke, Masa, See other letters telling of men’s success in my FREE BOOK 135 I Will Train You at Home to fill, a Big Tay Job! It’s a shame for you to earn $15 or $20 or $30 a week, when in the same six days as trained electri- cal man you could make $70 to $200—and do it easier—not work half so hard. Why then remain in the small-pay game, in a line of work that offers no chance, no big pro- motion, no big income? Fit yourself for a real job in the great electrical industry. Ill show you how. Get Into ELECTRICITY Learn to Earn $3,500 to $10,000 a Year Today even the ordinary Electrician—the “screw driver” kind—is making big money. But it’s the trained man—the man who knows the whys and wherefores of Electricity who is picked out to “boss” the ordinary Electricians on jobs that pay $3,500 to $10,000 a Year. Get in line for one of these “Big Jobs.” Start by enrolling now for my easily learned, quickly grasped, right-up-to-the-minute, Spare-Time Home-Study Course in Practical Electricity. Age or Lack of Experience No Drawback You don’t have to be a College Man; you don’t have to be a High School Graduate. . COOKE f Engineer L. Chi I know exactly the kind of training you need and I will give you that training. is simple, thorough My course in Electricity and complete and offers every man, regardless of age, education or previ- ous experience, the chance to make from $70 to $200 a week. No Extra Charge for Electrical Working Outfit With me, you do practical work—at home. You start right in after your first few lessons to work at your profession in the regular way and make extra money in your spare time. this you need tools, and I give them to you For 5 big complete working outfits, with tools, measur- ing instruments and a real electric motor. Your Satisfaction Guaranteed WONDERFUL WORKING OUTFITS~ Given without extra charge ! it money ATORY AND PERIMENT Bue. kd materiments- Complete rae o ALARM = Fir. Biectrical *E0ois — a —matere eee Kit. comp! IGHTING 3 ivan: 7 Wire. Lights, etc- o ELEC CTRIC POWEE coke’ m a L. L. COOKE, Chief Engineer, Dept. 33, 2150 Lawrence Ave., Chicago service offers. PME ere ce eins ae alee te Address. . ae Occupation... . So sure am I that after studying with me, ’ class in Electrical work, you, too, can get into the stands a $2,000,000 institution. Send in Coupon—NOW. L. Cooke, Chief Engineer L. L. Cooke School of Electricity, owned and operated by 2150 Lawrence Ave. Send me at once without obligation your big illustrated book and complete details of your Home Study Course in Electricity, including your outfit and employment “big that I will agree in writing to return every single penny paid me in tuition, if, when you have finished my Course, you are not satisfied it was the best investment you ever made. of me in my guarantee, Get Started Now—Mail Coupon I want to send you my Electrical Book and Proof Lessons, both Free. These cost you nothing and you'll e njoy them. bright future in Electricity. And back Make the start today for & Chicago Engineering Works Chicago Seecseecteceeeesseeeseses

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MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION

March, 1927 °

| Opportunities for Readers im Quick Action Ac fertising

: 4

Adding Machines FREE trial. Marvelous Calculator. tracts, Multiplies, Divides automatically. Work equals $300.00 machines. Five year guarantee. Price only $15.00. Write today for free trial offer. Special: $3.00 Pocket Calculator, only $2.00 cash. Lightning Calculator Co., Dept. O, Grand Rapids, Mich. RT = rn ny anata ma a «ma

Adds, Sub-

Advertising Services Rates 30 Cents a Word. A 10% discount is allowed on all contracts for six consecutive inser- tions. Advertisements intended for the May, 1927, issue should be received by March 5th.

Capital Raising

BUSINESS ENTERPRISES Needing Capital. Will finance amounts up to $100,000.00. Corporations pre pine —. own Talmadge, 4732 North Racine Ave, thicago, I

Business Opportunities LEARN the collection business. Good income; quick results. Interesting booklet, “Skillful Collecting,” free. Nethast Collector's Association, Science Building, New- ark, Ohio.

ADVERTISE in 24 metropolitan dailies, 24 $15.00. Helpful Guide listing 1000 publications, stamps. Wade Company, Baltimore Bldg., Chicago. 24 WORDS,-151 rural weeshes, $6.04. Ad-Meyer, 4112P Hartford, St. Louis, Mo. COPY that gets orders—tolders, Booklets, etc., pull. Hewson, City Centre Building, Phila. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contaiis some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells “‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.”. You'd like to know, wouldn’t you? Manager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, NewYork. YOU PROFIT by my sales promotion experience. New yropositions a specialty. Write fully. Vernon Baker, Slyria, Ohio. 24 words, 4c

that

Aquatic Devices

SELF-INFLATING life belt—pocket size. Wonder of the age. . Miniature hollow-ribbed lifeboat distead- able around bo:iy instantly. Sustains wearer in deep, rough water. Most practicalsafeguard for een travelers and nonswimmers. Boon to aquatic sports. ae free illustrated booklet. Self Acting Life Belt Co., 55 E. 8th. St, New York.

Authors and Manuscripts

BECOME a Foot Correctionist. A New Profession not medical nor chiropody. All the trade you can attend to; many are making $3,000 to $10,000 yearly, easy terms for training by mail, no further capital needed or goods to buy, no agency or soliciting. Address Stephenson Labora- tory, 10 Back Bay, Boston, Mass. STOP plodding! Be successiul. Operate a tire repair shop. Make big profits in any locality. We teach you and furnish complete equipment, $100 up. Book of Oppor- tunity free. Haywood's, 1306 South Oakley Avenue, Chicago. PATENTS procured; Trade Marks Registered—A comprehensive, experienced, prompt service for the pro- tection and development of your ideas. Preliminary advice gladly furnished without charge. Booklet of in- formation and form for disclosing idea free on request. Richard B. Owen, 44 Owen Bldg., Washington, D. C., or 41-Z Park Row. New York. WE Start you in business, furnishing everything. Men and women, opportunity to earn $35 to $100 week- ly operating Ragsdale’s original ‘‘New System Specialty Candy Factories’’ anywhere; wholesale or retail. Big commercial candy book free. W. Hillyer Ragsdale, Drawer 19, East Orange, N. J. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘“‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.”” You'd like to know, wouldn't you? Address your inquiry to: Man- ager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York.

CAPITAL Raising Campaigns Prepared. Commissiog Basis. Morris Advertising Agency, 3608 Warren St, Philadelphia.

Chalk Talks LAUGH producing program, $1.00. Cartoonist Balda, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Distributors Wanted WORLD'S fastest selling auto accessory. distributors wanted; write to-day. G. L. Oiler Co., San Diego, California. WANTED—Representatives in every factory in the United States. Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth | Ave., New York. ; Dogs, Birds, Fish BEAUTIFUL registered bull pups, $15. Bulldogs, oot § Rockwood, Dallas, Texas. PEDIGREED police, chows, airedales, collies. Hair Danes, Maplewood 4, Mass.

Catalog free,

County & W., Spring

Wire 4 Booklet on care, 50¢ 7

Duplicating Devices

Portable “STENCIL-~-DUPLICATOR” 8x11, $10. | Copies like Mimeograph. GERWIN, Dale, Oklahoma,

“$50.00 WEEKLY mailing form letters. We furnish everything. Samples and particulars 10c. Whitney Co. Station C, Cincinnati, Ohio.”

$$$ FOR Ideas. Photoplay Plots revised, criticized, copyrighted, marketed. Send for free booklet. Universal Scenario Company, 238 Security Bldg., Santa Monica & Western Ave., Hollywood, Calif.

SONG Poem Writers—Send for proposition. Ray Hibbeler, , D10, 2104 N. Keystone Ave., Chicago. SONG Poems Wanted. Write, Ambrose Thomas. Box 327, Norwalk, Ohio I WANT song poems. Casper r Ni athan, J-3 J-3544 No. Racine, Chicago. FREP. “Song Writers’ Guide.” 122-1239 Elm. Green Bay, Wis. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. Address your inquiry to: Manager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York.

cAutomobiles and cAccessories

DELIVERY bodies for Ford Model T . Chassis with inclosed cab, suitable for Contractors, Grocerymen and

lariners Three styles. Price $42.60. Write Daniel Zimme rman, Craigville, Indiana. NEW and used auto parts. Save 25-80% Motors Rear ends, Radiators, Wheels, Generators, Starters Carburetors, $5.00 up. Complete Tops $15.00, Gears Axles, Bearings, Nickel Spring Bumpers. Brightman Auto Parts Co., 321 Windsor Ave., Hartford, Conn.

Aviation

THE Amertean School of Aviation announces a new correspondence course in mechanics of aviation. <A thorough training in practical aeronautics. American School of Aviation, Dept. 6741, 3601 Michigan Ave., Cc thie ago, Illinois. “BOYS, send dime for a 12-inch mounted propeller and circular telling how you can get a three-foot model ae roplane free. Aero Shop, 3050 Hurlbut Ave., Detroit,

Mic h.’ BIGG r, Best Catalog Model / Airplanes, Parts Supplies; 5c postpaid Ideal Company, 163% Spring Street, New York. DICTION ARY OF AVIATION. $3.90 postpaid.— Languages Publishing Company, 8 West 40th Street, New York

Blacksmith

SIGNS “and Showcards easily painted with Letter Patterns. Large variety of styles and sizes. Write for free samples. John Rahn, D 2120 Neva Ave., Chic ago. MODERN Mail Order Methods. A new book that tells how to operate a mail order business succ essfully. Write for free circ ag Patrick-Mahoney Co., Pr. O. Box 931, Schenectady,

MINIATURE Tiecasting machines $50.00. 318 Reed, Erie, Pa. MANUFACTURE and sell latest Novelties, Toys, Mail order and agent's Specialties. Free list reliable patterns, processes, commercial information. Manu- facturer’s Bureau, R-2, 1129 East 3ist, Kansas City, Mo. GET money quick and easy manufacturing. We tell you how. New idea. Full parviowsers free. Write quick. ( Coltice Bureau, Box 265, Winnipeg, Canada. TRADER’S INSTRUCTION BOOK for every day use on Chicago and Winnipeg markets. Splendid new book that will astonish and delight. Write for circular. Market Forecaster Co., Topeka, Kansas. ~ADVERTISE— In 275 country + spapers; 28 words, $10.00, Keator, Hartford Bldg., Chicago.

Byrd—

Education and Instruction CORRESPONDENCE Courses sold complete: 1-3 usual prices because slightly used; easy terms; money back guarantee. All schools and subjects. Write for special I'ree catalog. Courses bought for cash. Economy Educator Service, 202-N. West 49th St., New York “DOUBLE entry bookkeeping mastered in 60 hours with 8 keys; guaranteed; diploma.’’ International Book- keeping Institute, Desk 10, Springfield, Mo. DON'T prepare for any Civil Service examination without seeing our free catalogue. Columbian Corre spondence College, Washington, D.C, “HOME Study Courses. All Schools, Lowest Prices. Terms. Catalog Free. Mention subject. Fred Goets, 440-B Sansome, San Francisco. HOME study: High School, Normal, Collegiate courses. Bulletin free. College, Rogers, Ohio. STUDY Microbiology, Earn $300.00 a Month. dential and Extension Course in Bacteriology, tion. Diplomas, Degrees granted. Outfit Free to Students. Write for Free Prospectus today. International College of Microbiology, 2513 N. 76th Ave., Chicago.

a Apply, (arnegie Business,

Res- Sanita 71-Piece Urinalysis

START mail-order business, merchandise sample and

plan 50c. Hibbard. 3116 Hemphill St., Fort W ort h, Texas. a $20 STARTS clean, simple home work, mail-orc er business. Circular free. B. M. Smith, Box 369, Morristown, New Jersey. ~ LEARN Budget Trading, small capital sufficient, worthy remunerative; free information. 149 Broadway, New York. USED correspondence school courses sold on re- purchase basis. Also rented and exchanged. Money- back guarantee. Catalog free. (Courses bought). Lee Mountain, Pisgah, Alabama. INVE NTIONS commercialized. Patented or un- patented. Write Adam Fisher Mfg. Co., 183 Enright, St. Louis, Mo. Paul Kaye,

MAKE much money—Making and selling your own ENGINEERING Data: Pocket loose-leaf Trat* goods. Formulas. Manufacturing processes. Trade- formers, and distribution diagrams. Send for circular. secrets. All kinds. All lines. Catalog, special circulars C. Homan, 193 Berkeley Place, Brooklyn, N. free. Thavly Co., Washington, D. C

Electrical

THE Electrician’s Wiring Manual, By F. E. Seng- stock, E. k. Contains all the information neede. for tle proper installation of lighting and power systems il houses and other buildings. It completely covers insite electrical wiring and construction in accordance with & the National Electric Code. Pocket size—tlexible bind J ing. 448 pp. Price $2.50. Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York City.

Engineering

IRRORS resilvered at_ home costs — 5 cents per square foot; you charge 75 cents. Immense profits, lating auto parts, reflectors, tableware, stoves. Refin- shing metalware etc. Outfits furnished. Details FREE. Ww: rite Sprinkle, Plater., 94, Marion, Indiana. ~{5e PUTS your name on mailing list year. Receive offers, magazines, from wholesale supply houses every- where. Kentucky Agency, ¢ ‘ovington, Kentucky. “SCHEMER,” Alliance, Ohio, 36p monthly, prints Schemes, Tips, Formulas; subscriber reports $25,000 from three; another $10,000 from one. Try it! Year, $1.00; 3 months, 30c.

BE A master machine bis acksmith and*%expert tool maker and dresser with Collard Tempering Charts Price $1.00. Valuable samples free. W. M. Toy, Sidney Ohio.

Boats and Launches COMMENCE now, build your own season's use. 55 Models 9’ to 40° jlete catalog. Brooks Boat Co., naw West Side, Mich. TWENTY MILE outboard motorboat plans 25 cents. Free boatbuilding catalog. 9 Murray Street, New York.

boat for this Send 25c¢ today for com- Inc., Salt Street, Sag- Complete rhe Rudcer,

Blue Prints TO THE man who has a Home Workshop and likes to work with tools, Popular Science Monthly offers the opportunity to purchase blueprints giving details of the construction of useful articles for the home. The follow- ing are a few of the blue prints available: No. 15, Work- shop Bench, No. 17, Cedar and Mahogany Chest, No. 41, One-tube Radio Set, No. 42, Radio Receiver with three stages of amplification, No. 43, Four Tube Radio Receiver, 44 and 45, Model Pirate Ship, 46 and 47. Spanish Galleon, 48, Model Sailing Yacht, No. 50 Air- plane model, 51, 52 and 53, {Clipper Ship, 54 and 55, Five-tube Radio set. Send 25c for each blue print you wish to Popular Science Monthly, 242 Fourth Avenue, New York, N.

Financing and Investments

bought 180, Everett STOCKS—Bonds, Domestic— Foreign, Dealers in all marketable securities. Frank G & Co., 20 Broad St. New York. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a cops of the *“Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contaits some really important facts which will prove interestité and valuable to you. It also tells “How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.”” You'd like know, wouldn’t you” Address your inquiry to: Manage! Classifie| Advertising, Popular Science Monttiy, 25 Fourth Avenue, New York.

<a

For Men and Women a? Experience Goverlr

DETECTIVES—W ork home or travel. unnecessary. Write, George Wagner, former ment Detective, 1968P Broadway, N. Y WANTE D—Representatives in every United States. Popular Science Monthly, 250 Ave., New York. al CARICATURE. of yourself from Photo for 31.08 Send snapshot and state hobby. Photo returne.. Mel”? Hopla, Keyport, N.

ry fac tory ‘in n the Fourth

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arch, 1927 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION 137 ‘Ff “MEN! Here's the dope’ you've been looking for- _ How TO GET INTO THE RADIO BUSINESS” ‘ BRA A \\\\ $5 Ot0$ 250 aWeek a | = “Nw aa\\\\ 1m Work That is Almost Romance | If you’re earning a penny less than $50 sf | ; : 1 a week, clip coupon now for FREE — FAS a t oe 1} BOOK! New book, profusely illustrated, Zz i 7 tells all about the Radio Profession, : we ttn ae eee thousands of opportunities—in work that to Loge Zz ey Nite coal is almost romance! YOU ean learn non f Miia Why 9 in quickly and easily at home, through our hour WE —Ssaee || \\ Bill | IH tested, improved methods, to take ad- Be ——"—s y) asi) eae Ph a yeaa vantage of these great opportunities! Why ‘ore Sa Re =i ull IY Yaad go along at $25 or $35 or $45a week, when you 7 — B | === aa " ‘an pleasantly and in a short time learn to raz ~ ; : == : 9 be a Radio Expert, capable of holding the big pay jobs? Many men in Radio now earn $50 to$250a week. CLIP COUPON FOR FREE BOOK Don’t envy the other fellow who’s pulling down the big cash. Our proven home-study training methods make it possible for you, too, to get ready for a better ; These Instruments or the Si ms ip inside » with FREE of Extra Cost All instruments shown here and others—SIX BIG OUTFITS—Sent to all our students free of extra cost. Clip coupon now—find out all about this big job, to earn enough money so you can enjoy the good things of life. Most amazing book ever written on Radio tells how— thousands of interesting facts about this great field, and how we can prepare you, quickly and easily in your spare time at home to step into a big-pay Radio job. You can do what thousands of others have done through our training. GET THIS NEW FREE Book SEND COUPON TODAY. bind ae unequalled offer while you still have time to take nicht, ; advantage of it. Our training is intensely practical— —_— ¥ these instruments help you learn to do the practical work. Receiving sets, from simplest kind to thousand-mile receiver. Many other big features. J. E. SMITH, President NATIONAL RADIO INSTITUTE Dept. C-87 WASHiNGTON, D. C. aKAASA f LLLL/ ¥3 ¢ ‘ ya" 1%, 2 Fa ‘ i / 3 4 Needs a National Trained glen: . nstitute, Men Dept. C-87 “Shays suye Washington, 4 Dear Mr. Smith: D.C. Without obligating me in any — Prank cul. fi, My Radio Training Is the Famous = Pre ‘“‘Course That Pays for Itself’’ President Spare time earnings are easy in Radio when you know it the way we teach you. Increase your income almost from the start of your course through practical knowledge we give you. We show you how to hold the job, then our big Free Employment Department helps you get one. Free Book “Rich Rewards in Radio” tells how. Howard B. Luce of Friedens, Pa., made $320 in 7 weeks during his spare time. D. H. Suitt of Newport, Ark., writes, “While taking the course I earned in spare time work approximately $900.’ Earl Wright of Omaha reports making $400 in a short time while taking his course—working at Radio in : — time only. Sylvester Senso, 207 Elm Street, Kaukauna, Wis., made Dou \nd when your training is completed you're ready to step into a real big { ee way, send me your FREE BOOK, tadio job like C. C. Gielow, Chief Operator of the Great Lakes Radio Tele- “Rich Rewards in Radio,” and al) ‘raph Company; E. W. Novy, Chief Operator of Station WRNY; Edwar1 information about your practical, home Stanko, Chief Operator of Station WGR; and hundreds of other N. R. L. ; , : ‘ined men, The National Radio Institute, originators of Radio Home- “tudy Training, established 1914, today offers you the same opportunities uese men hal, under a contract that pledges you full satisfaction or money elunded on comnleting our training. It’s your big chance to get into Radio— mail coupon for FREE Book and proof. E o es tonne’ ¥VVV AZ, study, Radio Course.

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Formulas CHEMICAL Expert furnishes Manufacturing For- mulas and Processes with complete working directions. Reliable individual service only. No lists. Charges rea- sonable. Correspondence invited. Dr. Arthur Van- Hee:ten, 510 South Oakley, Chicago. 500 FORMULAS 20c, Catalog Free, Ideal Book Shop, Help Wanted Instruction MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION Miscellaneous DETECTIVES Earn Big Money. Excellent oppor- tunity. Travel. Fascinating work. Experience un- necessary. Write George Wagner, former Government Detective, 1968P, Broadway, N. Y. FIREMEN, Brakemen, Baggagemen, (white or colore:), sleeping car, train porters (colored), $150-$250 monthly. Experience unnecessary. 838 Railway Bureau, Park Ridge, Illinois. East St. Louis, Il. MAKE much money—Making and selling your own MEN wanting forest ranger, railway mail clerk and goods. Formulas. Manufacturing processes. ade- other govt. positions. Write for particulars. Mokane, secrets. All kinds. All lines. ¢ mteiee, _ special circulars free. C. Thaxly Co., Washington, D. SREGOR: 92 Middle St., Mnchester N. formula wanted, 25c. H. Any For Inventors UNPATENTED Ideas Can be Sold. and help you make the sale. I tell you how Free particulars (Copy- righted). Write W. T. Greene, 805 Jenifer Building, Washington, 1). C. INVENTIONS Commiercialized. Patented or un- patented. Wri.e Adium Louis, Mo. INVENTORS: vent.” No theory Fisher Mig. Co., 183 Enright, St. Get this pamphlet—‘What to In- or guess work, but things actually asked for by manufacturers. Sent prepaid for only $1.00 Inventors’ Svndicate, 23 Paladium Bldg., St. Louis. Mo I AM in touch with hundreds of moneyed men and manufacturers who wish to buy good ipventions. Hart- ley, 38 Court St., Bangor, Maine. “INVENTIONS developed to practical basis— non- infringing devices designed —Basic claims suggested. Dy —A. Papini, Leonia, INVENTORS’ Universal Educator—contains 900 mechanical movements; 50 perpetual motions. ‘Tells how to obtain and sell patents. Suggests new ideas. Explains how to select your attorney and avoid patent sharks. Special Price, $1.00 postpaid. Albert E. Dieter- ich, 681 Ouray Blidg., Washington, D.C A-30, Denver, Colo. FORMS to cast Lead Soldiers, Indians, Marines, Trap. Send 10¢ for Illustrated C ate ers, Animals, 151 kinds. ogue. Henry ©. Schiercke, 1034 72nd St., Brooklyn, N YJ MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of th “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” and valuable to you. It also tells ‘How You (€ Popular Science Monthly Profitably.’’ You'd know, wouldn't you? Address your inquiry to: Manager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 254 Fourth Avenue, New York. WANTED—Representatives in every factory in the United States. Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York. YOU ARE wanted. Government life jobs. Men—women, 18 up. JU. 8. $95 to $250.00 month. Steady Models and Model Supplies HULIT & Cw., 625 Jackson, Chicago, HI. mental Machinists. Model Makers, Dies. Complete general Machine shop. } xperie Patterns, work. Short hours. Paid vacation. Experience un- ap necessary. Common education sufficient. Sample coach- SPECIAL machine builders, tool and die makers, ing with full particulars—free. Write today sure. inventor's models, production work of all kinds. Dept. J Franklin Institute, Dept. G32, Rochester, N. \ Quality Hardware & Machine Co., Ravenswood a Thorndale Avenues, Chicago, II.’ H SHIP MODEL Fittings: Send stamp for list. A. J, How to Entertain Fisher, 1002 Etowah Ave., Royai Oak, Mich. wobin a ee ee P or parts, Dies, Tools, Meta aaa Specialties odel special gears, stock gears and Modd PLAYS, musical comedies and revues, minstrel s AR : music, blackface skits, vaudeville acts, monologs, dia- woe. inigy Peek. Til. Catalogue. The Pierce Modd logs, recitations, entertainments, musical readings, stage handbooks, make-up goods. Big catalog free. T. 8. Denison & Co., 623 So. Wabash, Dept. 26, Chicago. Incorporations DELAWARE Incorporator, Charters: forms. Chas. G. Guyer, 901 Orange St., Delaware. Fees Small; Wilmington, INVENTORS assisted financially to secure patents. E ‘quitable investment Company Washington. IF YOU have a practi tical, useful invention to sell, send yarticulars promptly. American Patents Corporation, 3arrister Building, Washington, D. C. For Sale direc t from “Watters,” manufacturer. 965 Putnam, TATTOOING supplies, Illustrated catalogue free. Detroit. OUR Baby Chicks are from higb-egg bred, inspected flocks. Big—sturdy. Grow like weeds! Sent postpaid, safe delivery guaranteed. Plymouth Rocks, Rhode Island Reds, Leghorns, White Wyandottes, Minorcas, Buff Orpingtons, Anconas. Quality chicks, Low prices. Catalog free. Mary Maude Farms, Box 123, Portland, Indiana. FOR SALE: Patent for United States and foreign countries, Improved Flour Sifter; Outright or Royalty Basis arry Nakagawa, Tanana, Alaska. OUT ‘RIGHT or royalty—rights on household article manufactured for 20c and retails for $1.00. Joseph Bagley, 1410 Range, Selma, Ala. aad x Lae ~ STAMPS. Big value, “pekts. 25, 50, 1.00. J. Miller, 53% W. 3rd St., . Paul, Minn. seeuentimeshinanaantdtenataieemmeell For the Home HOT water on tap, 86. Make your own Automatic. W rite John Kirke by, San J Luis Obispo, Calif. Build your own make good profits selling your Clock works with chimes for old or new cases. Clock Co., Nicetown, Penn. GRANDF ATHE R - cloc: « works $5.00. case, instructions free; friends. Write for full partic ilirs. rO the man who likes to work with tools, Popular Science Monthly offers the opportunity to purchase blue- prints giving details of the construction of useful articies Information RELIABLE information any subject. Formulas, processes. Prompt, accurate service. Fee $5.00. Cook, Information Bures au, Box 952, Los Angeles, C alif. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells “How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably."”. You'd like to know, wouldn't you? Address your inquiry to: Manager Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York. Insects Wanted WHY NOT spend Spring, Summer, Fall gathering butterflies, insects? I buy hundreds of kinds for col- lections. Some worth $1 to $7. Simple outdoor work with my instructions, illustrations, price-list. Send 10c for "oy P rospectus. Sinclk air, Dealer in Insects, Dept. 7, Box 1424, San Diego, Calif. Inventions Wanted WILL buy approved invention. Write W. L. Kendig, 416 N. Duke Street, Lancaster, Pa. INVENTIONS commercialized. Patented or un- patented, St. Louis, Write Adam Fisher Mfg. Mo. Co., 183 Enright, Laboratory and Chemical Services FORMULAS: The Best Chemical Science can vise—Guaranteed Reliable Processes in all lines. Brings Big Bunch of Valuable Literature, Interesting Lists. Don't buy till you receive this. Chemical Analysis, Charges reasonable. Dr. Liscomb Miller, Chemist, Tampa, Florida. EXPERIMENTERS. Complete paratus catalog, 1000 illustrations. de- Stamp chemical and ap- Sent on receipt of for ee —. re Q wo ses Soh Fy M few cies tabu —. Radio ‘Materials 100 pages, rv ry ounts, 10c. available: No. 1, 5e g Tat 0. 5, i 2 aboratory aterials Company, 6 fast 7ilst St. ee 13, Tes ¥ ie or ot ng ria 3 wetig oe Meage SO? A é hice 4 vy. e 8 I y, ist ¢ls , ‘edar and Mahogany Chest, No 0 ] dio . Receiver, 44 and 45, Model Pirate Ship, 46 and 47, CHEMIC aL SERVIC E: I prepare a working for- Spanish Galleon, 48, Model Sailing Yacht. Send 25c mula or process for your special purpose for $5.00. fur each blueprint that you wish to Popular Science l'wenty-five years experience. W rite me. W. Stedman Monthly, 242 Fourth Avenue, New York, N Richards, Industrial Chemist, Box 2402, Boston, Mass. MEN! W omen! Earn $1 an hour at aoe Weaving Colonial Rugs, genuine fluff rugs, faney fabrics, from new and other materials. Home weavers always busy. Languages You learn in 30 minutes. We guarantee it. Looms now at reduced prices. Liberal Pay-As-You-Weave terms. Solve YOUR more-money problem by writing for FREE Loom Book today. Union Loom Works, 482 Factory St., Boonville, N SUCCESSFUL demonstrations of how to kill lawn weeds have been held publicly at Portland, Oregon. Will not mar the finest lawn, weeds vanish in four days, no litter, operation rapid, unfatiguing, inexpensive, killing 1000 weeds costs 10 cents, a few hours’ sports Free descriptions sent to interested parties who mail address, 412 Gerlinger Building, Portland, Oregon, within four weeks. Do it now. Help Wanted weekly, time, magazines. Experience Press Syndicate, 97 1, St -Represent itives in every Popular Science EARN papers, free. WANTED United States. Ave., New York. STEAMSHIP 1} pos DOSit ions Experience unnecessary 122-Z Mount Vernon, N SILVERING Mirrors, French plate, } immense profits Plans free Wear Iexcelsior Springs, Mo PATENTED product, keeping and already sold $25 spare Writing tor unnecessary, Louis, Mo news- Details factory in the Monthly, 250 Fourth Orient. Good pay. positions free. Box s—I urope. List of \ learned; Mirror Works, Sasily 1 House- thousands of approved by Good _ hundreds of housewives, now appointing local canvassers. Manager, Box 929, New Orleans . th MEN, get Forest Ranger lob: $125-$200 mo. and home furnished: permanent; hunt, fish, trap For details, write Norton, 224 tee eg Bldg., Denver, Colo MEN—Get U.S. Mail or Forest Ranger jobs, $125- | $225 monthly: steady, experience unnecessary; details | free. Y. Bradford, 112” Bergen, Jersey City, N. - | WORLD-ROMIC System, Masterkey 5000 languages, Primers, $1.98: Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Russian, Spanish.—Languages Pub- lishing Company, 8 West 40th Street, New York. Literary Services “MANUSCRIPTS carefully and neatly typewritten, Write to-day. Mrs. James O’Connell, 276 Tyler St., Kast Haven, Connecticut.” Machine Tools Motors, Engines and Machinery MOTORS—New GE 110 or 220 volt 60 cycle Singl . Phase, % HP $11.90, % HP $28.53, 1 HP $38.50. Mail $3 Check or Money Order. We will ship C.O.D. any. where. Motor Specialties Co., Crafton, Penna. Music and Musical Instruments March, 197 It containg some really important facts which will prove interesting , an Use like to P: moan & | RICH GET } patents | . PATE! y & L Ph RAC atent b atents D.C. PA TE America a service wn P some ree ani val Popular know, W Classifie Fourth es a SAXOPHONISTS — Clarinetists — Cornetists — Trombonists—get “Free Pointers.” Virtuoso Muse @ School, 36, Buffalo, N. Y. é A NEW kind of violin catalogue, Artistic—as the © unique merit of Collingwood Violins demands. repairing. Write today. Drew Collingwood, 5102 Woo ‘land Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. VIOLINS—Handmade_ masterpieces, J. Lehto, 935—14th, San Pedro, Cal. Office Devices ADDRESSING machines, multigraph, duplicators, folders, check writers, sealers, dictating machines, at about half new cost. Pruitt. 117 N. Market St., Chicago, MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the *Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘*‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.” You'd like to know, wouldn’t you? Address your inquiry to: Man ager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York. Office Supplies PACKAGE and Mailing Labels (gummed). Stamps. JDesirable lists free. McPherson Print, Middletown, Conn. Optical Goods ARTIFICIAL eyes Booklet 508 Quincy, Denver, ¢ ‘olorado. ARTIFICIAL EYES fitted by mail $5 Free P ooklet explains. Ramsdell Optical Company, Moline, Illinois, Artistie get details, Rubber Sticker ‘free. Denver Optic, Patent Attorneys PATENTS—Time counts in applying for patents. Don't risk delay in protecting your ideas. Send sketch or model for instruc tions or write for FREE book, “How to Obtain a Patent” and “Record of Invention” form. No charge for information on how to proceed. Communica tions strictly confidential. Prompt, careful, efficient service. Clarence A. O’Brien, Registered Patent Attorney, Security Bank Building ie Sod across street from Patent Office), Washington, D. C. (See page 155) “INVENTOR’S Adviser,” the valuable Patent book with 139 mechanical movements and illustrations, sent free upon request—M. 8S. Labiner, Patent Attorney, 3 Park Row, New York. PATENTS, trade marks, copyrights. Prompt, pert+ sonal reliable service. Over 30 years’ active practice Write for terms. “Book free. Address E. G. Siggers, Box 1, N. U. Building, Washington, D. C. PATENTS. Booklet free. Highest references. Best results. Promptness assured. Watson E. Colemat, Patent Lawyer, 724 9th Street, W ashington, D. C. INVENTORS’ Guide free on request; ; gives valuable information and advice for all who have original ideas of improvements. Frank Lederman, Registered Attorney and Iengineer, Woolworth Bidg., 1714, New York UNPATENTED Ideas Can Be Sold. and help you make the sale. righted). Write W. T. Washington, D.C. I tell you how Free particulars (Copy- Greene, 811 Jenifer Building, CONCRETE Catalog free. St. Louis, Mo. Building Block Machines and Molds. Concrete Manufacturing Co., 5 N. Main, Magic Tricks maciclan, give shows Oaks Magical Co. Dept. BOOK S, Magic, "hipetert 8, ‘atalogue F ree. Singer 515, AMAZE and Mystify your friends Book, 500 Tricks, tells how. Postpaid 10ce. Station A-4, Dallas, Texas. BOOKS, Games, Magic, ties. ‘atalog free. P ittsburgh, Pa. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for & copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting BE a 200. , Carn money. ¢ 5E0, atalogue Oshkosh, Wis, Magic 1 Tricks, Novelties Hs ancock, _ Wisconsin. ! New s80- page Lyle Douglas Tricks, Entertaining Novel- Makary, B-339 Mountain St., and valuable to you. Address your inquiry to: Manager, Classified Advertising. Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York. MILLIONS spent annually for ideas! Hundreds noW wanted! Patent yours and prolit! Write today for fre@ book—tells how to protect yourself, how to invent, ideas wanted! How we help you sell, ete. American Indus tries . Ine., 501 Victor Blidg., Washington, D D. Cc a PA rENTS, Trade-Marks, all countries. Ten years’ experience examining Office. ¢ applic ations in Patent , Consultation invited. George Beeler, Patent Attorney, 150 Nassau oe ey New York. , MONROE E. MILLER, Ouray Bldg., , Patent L ae ye r, Meche inical, Electrical E xpert. and Priority vecord blank gratis. PATENTS—Send for form **Evidence of Conce ption”™ to be signed and witnessed. Form, fee schedule, informa tion free. Lancaster and Allwine, Regis tered Patent Attorneys in United States and Canada, 232 Ouray Bldg. aw) ashington, ts C. PATENTS Procured: Trade Marks Registered.—A PR i experienced, prompt service for the pro tection and development of your ideas. Preliminary advice gladly furnished without charge. Booklet of it formation and form for disclosing idea ‘free on request. Richard B. Owen, 44 Owen Bldg., Washington, D. C.,0F 41-Z Park Row, New York. Washington, D. Book si EB . est h Soverel INVI your in Fis her PHI pov VAL! Weidm: eel —__— —_—— TAY macadzi money. Boston MAI home it. Ne p Americ

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— Xperie terng, akerg, pt. J, 1 and TEadat Pie arch, 1927 Patent Attorneys wi five yes ~ —PpRACTICAL, PATENTS. te America we give inventors, at lowest consistent charge, a servic : 1any known Patents of extraordinary value. Book, Patent- Sense, free. Lacey & Lacey, 648 F. St., Wash., D. C. RICHARD E. BABCOCK, Patent Lawyer, 7 niet. My oan & Trust Bldg. Washington, D. C. Booklet ‘hr your own patents. Instruction $l. Making em Pay, $1. Cooper Cutting, Campbell, Calif. INT and Trade Mark Lawyers. Mason, Fen- Lawrence, Washington, D.C. Established sixty- ars. Best references. Other offices, New York and ATI ago. Write us. useful Send particulars promptly. inventions wanted for live atent buyers. American Patents Corporation, Barrister Building, Washington, D.C As one of the oldest patent firms in e noted for results, evidenced by many well- ab. 1869. RL MILLER, Registered Patent Attorney, McGill Building, Washington, D. C. Instructions sent free upon request. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Fol‘er.’ e really important fac’ : ry valuable to you. It also tells ‘“‘How You Can Use It contains ts which will prove interesting Popular Science Monthly Profitably.” You’d like to now, wouldn’t you? Address your inquiry to: Manager, c ‘lassifie | Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York. Patents for Sale INVENTORS: Use our special service for presenting your invention or patent to manufacturers. Adam Fisher Mfg. Co., 183-A Enright, St. Louis, Mo. “THE SOVEREIGN wind-concentrator is the cheap- est power on earth.’ Patent for sale. Address L. G. Sovereign, Rt. 2, Milford, Nebr. “VALUABLE patent for sale. John Thir, 504 East Weidman Street, Lebanon, Pa. Photographs and Supplies ITAVE youacamera? Write for free sample of our big magazine, showing how to make better pictures and earn money. American Photography, 117 Camera House, Boston, 17, Massachusetts. MAKE money in Photography. Learn quickly at home. Spare time or fulltime. New plan. Nothing like it. No experience necessary. Write for particulars. American School of Photography, Dept. 1743, 3601 Michigan Avenue. Chicago. Pipe and Boiler Tubes PIPE second hand, guaranteed suitable for all prac- tical purposes with new threa:ts and couplings, sixteen feet and over; cut to your requirements, also Boiler Tubes. New Fittings. Pfaff & Kendall, 100 Wayidell [4 St., Newark, N. rj Presents from China FOR $15.—Box containing 10 different attractive from China for presentation or re-sale at Postbox 43, resents 300/500% profit. ‘Lientsin, China. Novelty Company, Printing and Engraving BETTER Printing for Less Money. Write us about y printing needs, and you will save money. Ernest Fantus Company, 525 South Dearborn Street, Chicago. PHOUSAND Hammerinill letterieads, four doliars. Multigraphing May-Ray, Monmouth, Illinois. ROLL Labels save 304. Quantity users write. Wolfeprint, Lawndale, Philadelphia. 290 HAMMERMILL Bond Letterheads or Envelopes $1.25. Gle iwood Art Press, Govans, Md. EMBOSS your Stationery with Hand Iembosser. Circular Free _Midwest, Box 47, Springfield, Tl. ENVELOPE Printing cheap; 300, $1.00 eI H heap; id repaid. Harvey reeple, Decatur, Indiana. ; ieee 250 LETTERHEADS, 250 Envelopes, printed, $3.00. Harol { Williams, Sycamore, Ohio. —- ecihaiiaial SUPE RIOR quality printing. Attractive samples free. Kay Press, 5406 Thurston, Rochester, N. Y. ‘ MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION 139 x Ny Ss j 8 > .-& capt Ss NEES Prepare at home for a well-paid drafting job EFORE you put your time and money into any kind of train- ing, make sure there are plenty jobs to be had when you're ready for them. That’s why men go into Drafting. 70,000 jobs ad- B vertised in 12 months. Big salaries. Fascinating, easy work. short hours and unlimited opportunities for advancement to executive positions. Here’s “white collar work” that con- i trols all building, manufacturing, public works. Called the Ideal Profession for Men because it offers the greatest op- portunities for success, Drafting Made Easy for You We have developed a new, one-step-at-a-time method which makes Drafting prin- ciples easy to understand. Even men with only com- mon schooling make rapid Real Draftsmen SPECIALIZE The big money in Drafting goes to men who specialize in Machine Design, or Elec- trical Drafting, or Architec- tural Drafting, or Structural, or Automotive. It isn’t : "age enough merely to k gen- progress with this instruc- a ary nt to know = ti Riche tenes the Set eral Drafting practice. You ion. NIE ¥Y must know how to calculate beginning you do actual and design and plan original work Drafting room jobs. And hy 9 fill ihe kind of Drafting posi- 3 , ewcta m ion that pays $60 to $125 a =i onderful wrigpedins stem you week. The American School, for learn without copying, you 29 years a leading institution see why every step is dore, teaching Engineering by home- and so you become a Draftse Complete Professional Outfit Given These standard instruments, board, table, triangles, T Square, ink, pro- tractor, etc., given without charge, will make this contract with you LETTER HEADS, envelopes, etc. J > oil ADS, er 8, . Jean McLane, 215 Russell Ave., Bethlehem, Pa. ‘ 500 ATLRACTIVE, Two-color Letterheais, $2.60 8lexl1. Mailopress, 4744-K—12th, Detroit. 15a ELOPES, 500 staniard, 6% white, 24 pound, — . ret ur na ldress neatly printed. Other printing for > = ,o Ross Color-Type, 112 Cronkhite Street, ‘i N\ ? — - . +1” “Quie a ERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the some reall. ou A‘ivertising Rate Fol*er.” It contains a‘y tnportant facts which will prove interesting ‘le to you. It also tells ‘How You Can Use ~ | know. Wool tee eonthly Profitably.” You'd like to Popular ccien me Mot? Manager, Classifiel A/ivertising, mar science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York. wey Radio BIG $$$ in new radio field. Learn the Eclipse way. ey equipment to buy. Your first job will to’ RCLIPSE COURSE. En lorse 1 by experts. ,/or FREE particulars tolay! Eclipse Raiio wS, 22 East Twelfth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. a Razors and Blades afety Razor, with dozen blades. 50 cents. 132 Chambers, Phillipsburg, N. J. MIDG!} rs Wallace Kutz FIVE G nin : iNette Style Blades 20c. “Bureau,” 215 Lasa- ; = Colorado Springs, Colo. Seendunnes 1545 MI TE Safety Razor with 1 blade, 35e. Nelson, “adison, Eau Claire, Wis, ‘4 ~ banat you enroll for my home-training in DRAFTING, I agree to give you: study methods, now Includes this specialized training in the com- man, not a tracer. plete Drafting-course. Training gee Backed With No-Profit Price Nation-wide Easy Terms ye This wonderful, more com- plete, simplitied, rapid, up- ree 0 ervice to-dat vinateuotion ta Beate ing offcred at ely se . tion, easily within reach of The American School now offers the untrai ned man who its students and graduates, with- n edsit. Small monthly pay ° oe nents é 3 , easy vi out cost, the services of an effi- to prepare for a fine Draft- cient Employment Department ing position at a big increase which keeps in touch with the GUE? JOUr PESNENE EREEED. employers of Draftsmen all over the United States. We have placed hundreds of men in good Drafting positions. The demand for Draftsmen in all lines at all times exceeds the supply. This is the work to get into. I : — will show you how, and help you make a success of it. Real 1. Complete instruction by Draftsmen go quickly to the top with the backing of this mil- my new practice method. lion-dollar Institution, 2. Costly professional outfit shown above. 3.I WILL HELP YOU GET A GOOD JOB AND A RAISE IN Look into this opportunity. Get my free book, Job and Raise offer quick! Let me show you how to turn part of your spare time into real training and for a real job Mail this coupon for my amazing offer! PAY— 4 me 8 See A OE ¢ Ss ee Y Cee 6 TE f °. Cc. $508.1 ER, Deecter of Gyteasion Werk ’ = ' merican School, Dept. D- rex ve. 4. Or Pll re ~ prone Work @ and E8th Street, Chicago fund every ao Gy Saeeees Please send me Free Drafting Book, Job e and Raise offer and complete information centof your American School } about preparing for a tine Drafting Job at ome in spare time. money. Dept, D-375 ata q O. C. MILLER a Drexel Ave. and 58thSt. 8 .. i re CHICAGO é City. State.

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140 Real Estate—Orchards—Farm Lands MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION ee Agents Wanted March, 1 Salesmen and Agents Wanted

PECAN-Orange-Fig Groves “On the Gulf’? Monthly

payments. Guaranteed care. Big, — returns. Sub- urban Orchards, Dept. “S’’, Biloxi, Miss. OREGON homesteads (late opening and lands offer exceptional opportunities). Map and details, $1.00. Francis Thompson, Sheridan, Oregon. “MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells “‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.”” You'd liketo know wouldn't you? Manager, Classified Advertising. Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York.

Salesmen and Agents Wanted AGENTS—Our gold-eyed needle cases are wonderful sellers; immense profits; $50 to $300 weekly; proof and particulars free; sample outfit, 15c. Paty Needle Co., Somerville, Mass. BIG MONEY easy with Val-Style ladies’ hats. Pa models at factory prices sell quick. Commissions vanced. Experience unnecessary. Beautiful sam outfit. Write Fall-Style Co., Dept. 303, Cincinnati, (, March,

EVF! Wholesa Columb

FREE Adding Machine to ‘Live-Wires’’ accepting our Dollar-a-Minute Agency. Improved 2-lb. Calculator. Adds, Subtracts, Multiplies, Divides. Work equals $300 machines. Retails $15.00. Big demand; large profits. Write quick for protected territory. Lightning Calcu- lator Co., Dept. P, Grand Rapids, Mich. THE Big Season is on; start now. Supreme Shirts give 100 percent satisfaction. Proposition and Kit Free. Supreme Shirt Co., 276-F Fifth Ave., New York. AGENTS: Make $500.00 Monthly. Pay daily. No in- vestment. Rhinestone initial buckles and novelties sell easy everywhere. Exclusive territory. Chaton Novelty Co., 606 Blue Island, Chicago.

AGENTS—Clever invention! pen a fountain pen. Fast office seller, big profit, demand increasing everywhere. Exclusive territory offered. Sample free. H. Marui Company,Tribune Bldg., New York. GET our free sample case, toilet articles, perfumes and specialties. Wonderfully profitable. La Derma Co., Dept. F., St. Louis, Missouri. AGENTS. $60—$200 a week. for store windows easily applied. offer to general agents. Clark, Chicago. Inkspoon makes every

Genuine gold letters Free samples. L rie al Metallic Letter Co., 434-A.

TAKE orders for coffee, sugar, flour, meats, canned goods, staple groceries, also paints, radio sets, tires, auto and tractor oils. No capital or bond required. We deliver and collect. Permanent business. Big pay. Write at once. Hitchcock-Hill Co., Dept. 81, Chicago. BANKRUPT Make $50.00

and Rummage Sales. daily. We start you, furnishing everything. Distributors Dept. 34, 609 Division, Chicago.

$10 DAILY silvering mirrors, plating and refinishing lamps, reflectors, autos, beds, chandeliers by new method. Outfits furnished. Write Gunmetal Co., Ave. F, Decatur, Illinois. AGENTS—Best seller; Jem Rubber Repair for tires and tubes; supersedes vulcanization at a saving of over 800 per cent; put it on cold, it vulcanizes itself in two minutes, and is guaranteed to last the life of the tire or tube; sells to every auto owner and accessory dealer. For particulars how to make big money and free sample, ad- dress Amazon Rubber Co., 504 Amazon Building, Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania. BIG money and fast sales. initials for his auto. Ten orders dally easy.

Every owner buys gold You charge $1.50; make $1.35. Write for particulars and free

samples. American Monogram Co., Dept. 47, East Orange, New Jersey. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.”” You'd like to know, wouldn’t you? Address your inquiry to: Manager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York. SIDE-LINE salesmen to connect us with Agents to sell our Auto Mitten Dusters. No money needed No goods to sell. Pay weekly commissions on all orders received from men you appoint. National Fibre Broom Works, St. Louis, Mo SELLING like biasesl Eleven piece toilet goods assortment at $2.25 with two piece carving set free to your customers. 100% profit. Davis Products Co., Dept. 57. 1321 Carroll, Chicago. AGENTS are cleaning up with National Fibre House Brooms and Auto Mitten Dusters. Send for Free Cat- po 7 Sample Offer. National Fibre Broom Co., St. AMuis, Mo. TO SELL Ray-O-Lite cigar and gas lighters. earnings. Sample 50c. way, New York. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells “‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.” You'd like to know, wouldn't you? Address your inquiry to: Manager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York $45 TO $85 EXTRA a week selling beautiful chirts. Commissions in advance. We deliver and collect. Get free selling outfit today. Fashion Wear Shirts, Dept. C-362, Cincinnati, Ohio. AGENTS—steady income of $240 month. A business of your own. Over 200 fast sellers. We furnish selling out- fit. Write quick. Stuart & Co., Dept. 232, Newark, New York.

Big Rapid Mfg. Co., 799-X, Broad-

WONDERFUL opportunity for reliable man as repre- sentative of $4,000,000.00 firm showing nationally ad- vertised line of staple merchandise to business men. Basic necessity—steady repeater. Underselling com- petition 30%—Earnings start big, grow larger. Our men earn $50.00, $100.00 and more weekly—tfull or spare time. No experience needed. A few exclusive territories are open. Write for full information—FREE,. J. B. Simpson, Dept. 1315, 843 Adams St., Chicago.

$25.00 DAILY selling Raincoats and Slickers, $2.95; newest colors, red, blue, green, etc. Outfit free. Com- missions daily. Elliott’ Bradley, 241 Van Buren, Dept. 687, Chicago.

~A BUSINESS of your own—Making Sparkling Glass Name and Number Plates, Checkerboards, Signs. Big Book and Sample free. k. Palmer, 513, Wooster, Ohio. AGENTS—Make a dollar an hour. Sell Mendets, a patent patch for instantly mending leaks in all utensils. Sample package free. Collette Mfg. Co., Dept. 467, Amsterdam, , @ EARN $10 daily finishing metal ware, Outfits furnished. F. way, New York. MILLIONS stolen. Protector stops forgery. Inks, Sensational sales, profits. Write. Grand Rapids, Mich.

silvering mirrors, plating and re- headlights, chandeliers, bedsteads. Decie Laboratories, 1133 Broad-

Remarkable new $5.00 Check protects two colors. Safety Devices Corp.,

FORMULAS for making your own guaranteed prod- ucts. Inve stment Small. No Machinery Needed. 300 to 12004 profit! Stamp Brings Interesting Descriptive Literature for Fly Killing Spray, Delicious Summer Drinks, Best Metal Polishing Cloth, Hair Marcelle Liquid, No-Water Hand Soap, Lightning Battery Charg- ing Liquid, Mendit, Fabrice Patching Liquid; Amazon Tire Repair, Washing Compounds; Compolith Wood- stone, Wonder Gloss; Wizard Polish; Pure Food; Toilet, Medical, Household Specialties, All lines State what interests most. Miller, Chemist, 1706 Jettony, Tam- pa, Florida ~ POLMET _ at 25c. , Boston. rv iE NTS—new plan, makes it easy to earn $50.00 to $100.00 weekly, selling shirts direct to wearer. No capital or experience needed. Represent a real manufac- turer. Write now for free samples. Madison Company, 566 Broadway, New York. AGENTS! Big money monogramming by transfer method. Catalog showing over 50 styles and particulars free. Motoris ts’ Accessories Co., Mansfield, Ohio. ANY salesman can sell them! Merchants everywhere use punchboards. Someone sells them, why not you? Collect big commissions daily. Newest, largest elaborate catalog sent upon request. L incoln Sales Co., 9S. Clin- ton, Chicago, Dept. G AGENTS—Steady income. handkerchiefs and dress goods, tive in each locality

Polishing ¢ ‘oth cleans all metal. Sells Sample free. C. Gale, 15 Edinboro

Large manufacturer of etc., wishes representa- Factory to consumer. Big profits, honest goods. Credit given. Send for particulars. Free- port Mfg. Co., 24 Main St., Brooklyn, AUTO Emblems.

Any ay Write. Dis tributors, Dept M, Ashland, Ohio MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It containg some really important facts which will prove interestins and valuable to you. It also tells ‘“‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.””. You'd like to know, wouldn't you? Address your inquiry to: Manager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York. MANUFACTURER Lambs Wool, Newhall, 358 Broad, Lynn, Mass. PROFITS 100% selling quis vlity guaranteed perfumes and toilet preparations that produce permanent repeat sales. Liberal free goods. LeMaire Perfume Co., 3330 Carroll Ave., Chicago, Ill., Dept. 79. SALESMEN to sell all wool, hand tailored, made to measure, suits and overcoats $23.50. Commission $3.50, large line 6x9 sample swatches, easy to sell. Write for sales plan. Heim Tailoring Company, Department 7, 616 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Md. North Central

Polishers, Dusters.

SALESMEN! Big season just ahead. of advertising pencils. selling outfit. Naco, ( Chicago. ~ $75.00 WEEKLY to introduce “Chieftain’ guaranteed Tailored Shirts. Full working outfit FREE. Your own shirts FREE. Cincinnati Shirt Company, Lane 1603, Cincinnati, Ohio. DISTRICT; Agents—Sell $23.50 all wool union made suits and topcoats for large, old established firm Wonderful values; one price. Liberal commissions in advance; money-back guarantee. Expensive 9x13 swatch foutfit Free. Protected territory. Write I-E Harvey, Box 00, Chicago, IIL. IMMENSE profits silvering mirrors at home. ing, autoparts, headlights, tableware, stoves, etc., fits furnished. Details Free. 96, Marion, Indiana. AGENTS—greater profits, year round sales; complete guaranteed line dress and work shirts, overalls, coveralls, work pants, playsuits. $10-$25 daily easy. Weshow you. Complete Outfit Free. Nimrod Shirt Co., Dept. 25, 4922-28 L. incoln Av., Chicago. ~ MAKE much money—Making goods. Formulas. secrets. All kinds. free. C. Thaxly Co., Show our line Established 15 years. Complete 126 So. Clinton, Dept. C5l,

3 for $4.95

Plat- Out- Write Sprinkle, Plater. .

and selling your own ro pegged processes. Trade- All lines. Cat eel special circulars Washington, D.

$11.80 DAILY in advance (Send for sworn proof) Introducing new insured hosiery. 57 styles, 40 colors, guaranteed seven months. No capital or experience required. You simply take orders. We deliver and collect (or you can deliver, suit yourself). Credit given. Pay you daily, monthly bonus besides. Spring line now ready. We furnish samples. Spare time will do. Macochee TextileC ompany, Road 1523, Cincinnati, Ohio.

SELL better quality all-wool made-to-order suits at $31.50. Profitable new field for men who are conscien- tious and dependable. No experience necessary. Full or part time—$45 to $100 weekly and liberal bonus. Com- missions paid in advance. We furnish handsome large sw ae h samples and complete instructions free. Write W. Z. Gibson Inc., 161 W. Harrison St., Dept. C-626, Cl ‘hic: ago. AGENTS: 90c an hour to adve rtise and distribute samples to consumers. Write quick for territory and particulars. American Products Company, 9025 Mon- mouth, Cincinnati, Ohio. SEND NAME and address for FREE introductory copy of Salesology Magazine. Contains one thousand money making opportunities, offered by big reliable firms. Your chance to better your present income. Just mail post card. No obligation. Salesology Magazine, Desk A-3, 500 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, Il. < ow= New line Big] profits.

SELL show-cards. New line. Quick sales. sales. Particulars free. G, Elfko, 525 South Dearborn St. Chicago. SELL Radium Water Generators. seller, repeat orders sure.

Entirely new fast Permanent income. Ask Why

a Radium Refinery, 2209 Broadway, Oakland, Calif. SALESMEN WANTED. Nationally advertised, uni- versally needed product. Sells to Stores, Garages, Factories, Schools, Homes, Farmers, Auto Owners. Used by everybody. Big demand, ready sale. Big com- missions. Complete sales training given. Credit ex- tended to customers. Sample can be easily carried. Concern rated very high—established many years. Opportunities for lifetime job at big pay. Address Territory Manager, Dept. 67, Post Office Box 983, Dayton, Ohio.

JUST OUT—Patented Apron. No strings or st on or off instantly; $20 a day easy; every demonstrat a sale; over 100% profit; commissions daily; write t for free offer. STAPUT Co., Dept. 903, St. Louis, Mg TAILORING SALESMEN—The biggest direct ing proposition today. 2 Suits or Suit and Topcoat { $29.50. Your commission $5.00. Large Size swatch 10x29 inches double. Domestic, Imported Cloths, | colors, all patterns. Compact Sales Kit. Just showt Kit, and take orders. Write us about yourself. We send you a Kit Free. Write today. Internatio Dundee, 189 Greene Street, New York, Dept. PS3. IN PLAIN everyday American slang, this kite necessity is hot! Oh, Baby, how it does sell! And still need more agents. Indianapolis Pump & Ty Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, TAILORING SALESMEN—Entirely new, 4 tinctive advertising sales plan gets the orders for you Gopeentent fitting made to measure suits $18.50 $45.50. Big commissions. 200 samples, $20 outfit fre Wholesale Direct Tailors, Dept. 21, Buffalo, N. Y. AGENTS—New tool chest. Newest thing out. tools in one. Carry in hip pocket. Use it every yy Men buy at sight. Fine leather case. Agents makiy big success. Write quick. Novelty Cutlery Co., Chey 432, Canton, Ohio. $20.00 DAILY Easy selling amazing rain-proof cay Made-to-measure. Finest fabrics and styles. bi advance profits. Free outfit and free cap offer. Tayly Cap Manufacturers, Dept. X-50, Cincinnati, Ohio. TAKE ORDERS with amazing new tailoring site line for clothes guaranteed to wear full year. $4 weekly extra, easy. Special patterns free. Write Palmer Clothing Co., Dept. 201, Chattanooga, Tenn, FREE OUTFIT—$10-$15 daily. Guarantee‘ all-wol” tailored trousers less than store prices. Quick sala” Big money. Pay daily. Free trousers offer. Hutchin’ Pants Co., Dept. 160, Cincinnati, Ohio. DISTRICT SALESMEN Make $30.00 a Day, taking” orders for Goodwear tailored-to-measure clothes 4) sensational new low price. $25.00 Sales Outfit Fre 7 Exclusive Territory. Prefer married man, 30 years oli 7 or over, and permanent resident in district. Addres Dept. 804, Goodwear, Chicago, Inc. 844 West Adam Chicago. DON’T SELL for others. Employ agents yoursel! Make your own products. Toilet articles, householi specialties, etc. 500% _—- We furnish everythin and show you_how. Valuable booklet free. Write a once. National Scientific Laboratories, 1942 W. Broai, Richmond, Va. LOOK NO FURTHER. Here’s your money-maker. 7 Write for Harrisons New Shirt Outfit. Big sample Fine ayy absolutely free. Tailored Shirts ger erously cut. Reinforced . Handsomely finished. Mase like custom-tailored shirts, but sell quick at amazing) low prices. No experience or capital peonaaary. Write for territory, and Free Equipment. S. Harrison Bros, Ine., Drawer "202, 133-141 West 21st St., New York City SELL $7.50 business necessity. ¢ ‘ost you $1.00. Big repeater. Also printing at half price. 40% commission. Write for sample. Merchants Association, Pontia Building, Chicago. AGENTS, both sexes, we manufacture and contrd new household article. Fast seller. Big profits. Ex clusive territory. Write now, Connolly, 123 Liberty St., N.

GREAT NECKWEAR line now free. quality neckwear at factory prices. Collect big com missions daily. Write for Free tie offer and Free outtit, Naweo Neckwear, Desk 3-A, Covington, Ky. STARTING with an investment of $1.00 in November, 1922,Warren Cobb has built a permanent paying business, whose sales amounted to over $20,000 in one year. Ou proposition sells to everyone using tires, one sale per day means easy street. Fleet owners buy hundreds. An amazing invention that eliminates 95% of all ordi Features finest

Exclusive territory—no capital required. esting story—do you want to know William 0. Judy, Box 966, Dayton, Ohio. GREAT NECKWEAR line now free! Features finest quality neckwear at factory prices. Collect big commis sions daily. Write for Free tie offer and Free outfit. Nawco Neckwear, Desk 3-A-1, Covington, Ky. CLEVER = sales-talkers—not canvassers—wanted. Sell contracts, not goods. Get Into the houses withs new plan and give the housewife something she has | long been looking for. Extras,[too, in addition to main contract which runs $5 to $100 per house. Can travel i! desirei, good winter or summer. No hard work. Write for full particulars. Fordwood Finishing Company, New Milford, Conn. AGENTS—Stamping names on Pocket Key Pro tectors; sample check with your name and address, 20¢. Stamping Outfits, Emblem Checks, Check Fobs, Name more? Write

Plates. 7% Mfg. Co., Desk 2—305 Degraw St. Brooklyn, N. Y. AGENTS, Salesmen, Crewmen—You'll have the Devil’s own yo finding a better seller than * “Zippo.” | Splendid profit on snappy 50c ‘*Go-Getter” repeat article § that sells on a ten-second demonstration. Works while 7 you watch it. Demonstrates value while others wasté time making claims. New development. Greatest scientific triumph of the age. immediately for complete proposition. Company, 903 Bogan Street, Fort Wayne, Indiana. _ AGENTS Wanted: Something New. Every Motorist a Buyer of our Electro-Magnetic-Emergency Woner lamp; takes only one minute to demonet rate and make a sale; no experience necessary; made, either full time or evenings. Karam-Smith

Wonderlamp (0,

925 Fisk Bldg., New York. SELL Beauty Ai‘ls, New Plan, sample and particulars 25e. Jeanne, 244 Sta. A, San Antonio, Texas.

AMAZING Gas Saver. duce. Vapor moisture, A-142, Wheaton, III. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It tells “How¥ You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.” You'd like to know, wouldn’t you? Manager, Classifie Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York. mile ~~ $40.00 SUITS for $23.50! All one price. Union made of finest quality Virgin Wool. You dont have to kp oh anything about selling clothing. We guarantee. 7 success if you are honest and willing to work. W rite once. William C. Bartlett, 850 Adams, Dept. 76, Chicas a ae 1 free to intro Critchlow, Every Auto. Doubles Mileage.

4 nary tire trouble and makes one tire last the life of two. 7 va It is aninter Oy It’s the berries. Write 3 $5.00 an hour easily 7%

———— STAN P. S. Qu — TAN John K. ~ STAY trated) etc. eac Conn. — ~ SPA) 3c Bul mee 88 sale fre cents. Mass. — CAI cent al Balt Lg UNI Decora Alexis SPE iMustr: on yo differe Newfo

Page 145

March, 1927 Shop Equipment EVERYTHING for Battery and Tire Shops at Wholesale. Send for Complete Catalog. Adams-Barrs, Columbus, Ohio.

Stammering

ST-TUT-T-'-TERING anu stammering cured at home. Instructive booklet free. Walter McDonnell, 59 Arcade, 1126 Granville Avenue, Chicago, Ill.

Stamps and Coins

STAMPS, 100. All different, 3 cents. Lists free. P. S. Quaker Stamp Co., Toledo, Ohio. d “STAMPS Free—Ask for money-saving approvals. John K. Borresen, Cedar Falls, Iowa. STAMP Collectors—Phillips Monthly Bulletin (iNus- trated) offers over 2000 special bargains, sets, packets, etc. each issue. Free. Phillips, Box 1012, Hartford, Conn. STAMPS, 105 China, ete., 2c. Album (500 illustrations) 8c. Bullard, Station AA, Boston, OLD coins, large Fall selling catalogue of coins for gale free. Catalogue quoting prices paid for coins, ten cents. William Hesslein, 101B Tremont Street, Boston, Mass. ~ CALIFORNIA gold $% size, 27¢.; $¥% size, 53c. White cent and catalogue, 10c. Norman Schultz, Box 746, Salt Lake City, Utah. —TNITED STATES and Foreign Coins. Military Decorations. Catalogue and 500,000 mark bill, 10 cents. Alexis Mengelle, Colorado Springs, Colorado. “SPECIAL Newfoundland Catalogue. Every stamp fllustrated. Send 10¢ for a copy. Will credit you this on your first order. Try these—38 Nfld. postage, all different face (Cat. $5), for $1. Rev. Butler, St. Georges, Newfoundland. 50 GOOD mixed foreign stamps, 3c. Stanton (144), Niantic, Conn. 7,000 MIXED U. 8S. and Foreign Stamps, 25c¢, Phil Lunidsted, Cape Cottage, Maine. $10.00 FOR 25c. A choice assortment of 500 all dif- ferent stamps guaranteed to catalogue over $10.00, offered to approval applicants for only 25c. Edgewood Stamp Co., Dept. S., Milford, Conn. ~ FREE—Canadian $1 stamp to spproval applicants. Stanley Munday, 112 Irvine Avenue, Westmount, P. Q., Canada. ~F0 DIFFERENT Portugal Colonies, 10¢; 200 different worll, 10¢. Louis Morrison, Glenolden, Pa. ~40 OLD COINS all different $1.00: 200 all different fine coins $5.00; Stone Mountain Half-Dollar Uncircu- ate 1 $1.00, M. De iney, Box 315, Dallas, Texas. 700 DIFFERENT Germany $.10; E. Stevens Stamp Co., Walien, N. : <i ~ 12 HAYTT, 16¢: Confederate Essay, 3c. Fred Jackson, Dos Rios, California. ~ 100 DIFFERENT and bargain list, 4c. Walter Oliver, Williamsville, N. Y. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the ‘Quick-Action A‘vertising Rate Folder.” It contains 801! ily important facts which will prove interesting and luable to you. It also tells ‘‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.” You'd like to know, woulin’t you? Address your inquiry to: Manager, Classifiel Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York. Stories Wanted STORY ideas wanted for photoplays and magazines. g demand. Accepted in any form for revision, develop- and submission to markets. Send manuscript for ‘riticism. Booklet mailed on request. Universal ‘enario Company, 402 Security Bldg., Santa Monica 1., and Western Ave., Hollywood, Calif.

Telegraphy

TELEGRAPHY thoroughly Balaries. Roth Morse and Wireless—taught and quickly. Tremendous demand. Big Wonderful opportunities. Expenses low: chance to earn part. School established fifty years, a alog free. Dodge's Institute, H374 Hart Ave., Val-

woe \N TE D—Representatives in every factory in the ited States. Popular Science Monthly 250 Fourth Ave., New York.

Typewriters and Supplies

PEWRITERS: all makes: lowest prices; 5 year Fuarantee; send for illustrated catalogue. Henry Typewriter Co., 217 West 125 Street, New York, N. Y. RENT a typewriter.” Any make. If you pay its price in rent, we give machine free. Catalog free. Pgh. . pen sitet Supply. Suite 543, 339 Fifth Ave., Pitts- 1, a

T YPI WRITERS, all standard makes, thoroughly re- manufactured by the famous “Young Process” ‘and pp irect from factory to you on 10 days’ trial. ‘teed 5 years. Easy monthly payments. Write lor free catalog. Young Typewriter Company, 0212, 654 W. Randolph St., Chicago. . ADV ERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the ~Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It tells ‘How i Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.’ Bdverts © know, wouldn’t you? Manager, Classified Avene _Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth ee, A ork, 2, CARBON PAPERS, 3 Typewriter Ribbons, regu- Guality. oo: 2s Sbecial $3.00. Shipped C. O. D. Highest Elmhurs, mented. Nelson Carbon & Ribbon Co. — —_———_==

Wanted IVES needed everywhere. Experience un- yo Particulars free. Write, George Wagner, = ~overnment Detective, i968P Broadway, N. Y. Unita) Le D—Representatives in every factory in the States, Pi Sci } , 250 F Ave., New Yo q opular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth ——— DETEC

MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION Thousands Have This Priceless Gift ~and Never Discover It! Many men rob themselves of success, popularity, achievement and position which could rightfully be theirs if they would but recognize the presence of a riceless gift which nature gave them. They go through life timid, self-conscious. earful and retiring instead of using this natural gift to dominate and control others and become leaders among men. Seven men out of every nine ‘have this fcift. you are one of these. O SANE man would deliberately and knowingly throw away a chance to become an outstanding, in- fluential and important figure, occupy- ing a high-salaried job in You can now find out for yourself, by means of this amazing FREE test, if aried jobs invariably go to men who are convincing talkers. Often you will see a man of this type forge ahead in business at an amazingly fast rate, while men of even greater ability stand tied to one job because they lack speaking power.

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What 15 Minutes a Day Will Show You How to taik before your club or lodge How to address board meetings if they would but bring | 4 to propose and respond to How to make a political speech How to tell entertaining stories How to make after-dinner speeches How to converse intelligently How to write better letters How to sel! more goods How to train your memory How to enlarge your vocabulary How to develop self-confidence How to acquire a winning per- How to strengthen your will-power and ambition to become a clear, accurate to deveiop your power of con- to be the master of any That is the reason you quite often are astonished to see a man jump over the heads of many superiors into a job among the big leaders. It is the power and ability to speak with force and conviction that flashes men from obscurity and low wages to prominence and high salaries. AMAZING BOOK FREE MAIL COUPON If you will fill in and mail the coupon at once, you will re- ceive a remarkable new book

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Page 146

Get into This—the Worid’s Biggest Business IT NEEDS YOU! 6 Thousané Million Dollars paid every vear for upkeep! Tremendous O ) sky ite for Big Raises 2ay QUICK for trained Man— clip coupon now. COMmon schooling all you need. I give you Lifetime Employment Service— Lifetime Consultation Service too! Pll Train You ATHOME Get my Free Book. Find out how youcan become a Big Pay man in amazingly quick time! Keep your present job. Stay home. You don't have to leaye your doorstep. Master every Branch of Auto Work rfgiit in your own home. See how I train UICKLY and EASILY to ROSS ob, or GO INTO BUSINESS where Big Pay comes UICK—and up to $10,000a yearcan easily be made! Make Money QUICK Send for this amazing Free Book right NOW wi Charts, See how hundreds of men are ting their salaries, making Big extra me ) getting into esses of their own but_almost_righ het Weeks Ok MONTHS! Tee Charge. B. W. COOKE, Directing Engineer, Chicago Motor Training Corporation Dept. 325 1916 Sunnyside Ave., CHICAGO THIS B. W. COOKE, Directing Engineer, Chicago Motor Training Corporation, Dept. 325 1916 Sunnyside Ave., Chicago, Ill. Send me FREE Auto Book and proof that I can become an Auto Ex. pert at home in spare time. Also send your 4 Outfits Offer. derstood that this obligates me in no way. eeereeee SORES HEE HHH HEHEHE SHEE E EEE ES ES EEE EE EH PTTTTIT TTT TTT TTT Address OUTFITS Tools, Tool Bag, Portable g Electrical Test Bench, 303 Wiring Diagram and Special Elec- trical Experi- mental Outfit —all Free of Extra MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION It is un- State PREPARE FOR AN —thru the only school operated asa department of a large art organiza- tion. Commercial Artists trained the ‘‘Meyer Both Way’’ earn as high as $10,000 per year. We today have hundreds of students who had pre- viously studied in other art schools. Why? Because your instruction is based upon our everyday experi- ence in meeting the art needs of leading advertisers. Home study instruction. Write for illustrated book telling of the success of our students. RT Apiee MEYER BOTH COMPANY Michigan Ave. at 20th St. (Dept. 35) Chicago, III. Do You Breathe the Right Air? (Continued from page 26) because it had been poisoned by the car- bon dioxide thrown off by themselves. But scientists now know that the cause of the terrible suffering and deaths in the Black Hole was due to heat stagnation. It is this “heat stagnation,” in a lesser degree, that causes persons to faint in overheated, ill-ventilated rooms at thea- ters, dances, concerts and, sometimes, in homes and offices. Usually the cause has been attributed to lack of oxygen or vitiated air when it really was due to the high temperature. Temperature should be the first con- sideration in ventilation, according to modern scientists. Air warmer than sixty-eight degrees Fahrenheit is harmful to health. It dries up the secretions of the nose and throat which protect the body against infection. OREOVER, when a room becomes so warm that its occupants per- spire, this condition causes an increased flow of blood to the skin with a cor- responding increased expenditure of nerv- ous energy and extra work for the heart. This not only places an extra bur- den on the heart, but decreases that or- gan’s power to drive blood to the brain and muscles where it is most needed. Scientists of the New York State Com- mission on Ventilation say that a tem- perature of sixty-six or sixty-seven de- grees, with about fifty percent relative humidity and without too much air movement, is ideal. It should be much lower in rooms where physical work is being performed. The air should be in gentle motion at all times and an effort should be made to fluctuate the temperature slight- ly from moment to moment. This varia- tion in air movement and temperature keeps the body cool without chilling it and gives a stimulating effect upon the skin which is lacking in stagnant air. Frequently overheating is due not at all to lack of ventilation, but to the fact that radiators or registers are pouring too much heat into the room. A thermom- eter, in fact, probably is the most im- portant single aid to correct ventilation. HE fundamental principle of the art of ventilation is to supply to a room multiple openings sufficiently numerous to give good distribution of air. Low openings should have corresponding openings above for the removal of heated air. Window ventilation is the method used generally in our homes, and, simple as it is, there are many errors commonly made. The mere opening of a single window, for example, either at the top or bottom, is not sufficient. Air will not enter a room unless a corresponding amount can find an outlet at some other point. Re- member, in manipulating your windows, that cold air, being heavier than warm air, tends to seek the lower places. Single | windows should be opened at the top and bottom to supply an air current. March, 1927 a [927 ATLAS Given to readers of this magazine who take advantage of this offer now made in connec- tion with Webster's New International Dictionary ““Wevser” The ‘‘Supreme Authority’’ A complete reference library in dictionary form, with 3000 pages and type matter equiva- leit to a 15-volume encyclope lia, all in a single volume, can now be yours on the following remarkably easy terms: The entire work (with 1927 ATLAS) Delivered for $1.00 ani easy monthly payments thereafter (on approve! orders in Unite! States and Can- a.a). 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1927 or fit iz ee yvyvuvurevvvrvvVyTyVvuvevvuvvrwrvVrVrrVCwCeCreT. be bo br dan dr_dae dindindir din dir din dinlindin dindlndln dle din Min Ap di Ma Mi he Mi de he he hi Mi he hi hi he he i he he ht March, 1927 How to Save on Plumbing Bills (Continued from page 28) be cut in half. The tank closet consumes less water than the tankless flush valve type. A tank float can be adjusted to cut down the water used for each flush. Just bend the float rod so that the float shuts off the intake at the desired height. Is a dry or chemical closet sanitary? T IS prohibited within dwellings in many codes. It involves danger of disease transmission by flies in spite of | self-closing covers and careful use. If it must be used, the less objectionable kind is the one with an interior container that is removed and emptied outdoors. There should be a vent pipe to the roof, pro- tected with a fine mesh copper screen, and the air inlets of the outer receptacle also should be screened. The type of dry closet with a metal septic tank below, with or without a mixer device, does not belong within a house. What are the best materials for fixture receptacles? ITRIFIED earthenware or “china” for a toilet, while white enameled cast iron is the usual rule for other fix- tures. The toilet should be one piece with trap embodied in its make-up and having a flushing rim so that the entire interior is water-cleansed at every flush. The old- tin no longer passes muster. Wooden wash trays and sinks are also banned. What is meant by open plumbing? IXTURES that are open and acces- sible for cleaning, around and beneath. Water spilled or leaking is unnoticed with a boxed-in outlet and trap. The visible trap gives quick notice of trouble, is handy toclean by plug removal, and can be gotten at for repair of connections. The trap of a first floor bathtub should be visible in the cellar, and it should be easily acces- sible in a second floor installation. A built-in bathtub is, of course, entirely sanitary, provided the construction is tile or equivalent water-tight material. he built-in effect is obtained ready made, so to speak, in bathtubs of flat bottom, time bathtub lined with copper, zine or | MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION . 143 Are You Hungry For... _ Adventure.. RE you a red-blooded, daring he-man? Are you eager for a life of constant thrills, constant excitement and fascinating events? Do you crave adventure, popularity, admiration, and the applause of great crowds? Then why not get into the Aviation Industry—the greatest adventure since time began— the greatest thrill ever offered to man? Think what Aviation offers you. "Ssrills such as you never had before! The praise and plaudits of the multi- tude. Ordinary salaries from $75 to better than $400 a week! And a chance to get in on the ground floor where rewards will be unlimited! Aviation is growing te THEN CHOO AVIATION! opularity. Ra. Si SE undreamed-of money—success—pop- ularity—and prominence! Easy to Become an Aviation Expert $50 to $100 a Week Get into this thrilling profession at once while the field is new and tun- crowded. Now—by a unique rew plan—you can quickly secure t'e basic training for one of these won- derful high salaried jobs, at home, in spare time. Experts wi'l teach vou the secrets—give you all the insice facts that are essential to your success. And, the study of Aviation is almost as fascinating as the actual work itself. Every Lesson is chock- full of interest—and so ab- so swiftly that one can hardly keep track of all the astonishing new de- velopments. Airmail routes have just been extended to form a vast aerial network over the entire U.S. Airlines and airplane factories are springing up all over the with enameled side and end which fit closely against a wall. Why do nickel traps, faucets and other fixture details turn green? DEC ‘AUSE the nickel is only a coating Which wears off, and brass is be- for aor parts is now beginning to be USEC a luster that looks like silver. Enamel and glass details in a bathroom are, of course, proof against corrosion. This applies to towel rods, shelves, toothbrush holders, soap dishes and the like. | * Orass pipe used throughout in plumbing? NLY for water supply to fixtures, not to carry away waste. In water supply lines, brass usually lasts longer than other metal, delivers rust-free water and permits the use of smaller pipes be- cause they do not clog or lose capacity by rusting inside, (Continued on page 144) ne en neath. A new and more durable coating | chromium, a very hard metal with | country. Men like Hen- ry Ford are investing Millions in the future of commercial Aeronautics ; : : $50 to $75 in America! 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MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION The only man who could talk to the Superintendent OON after I began studying,” wrote to us the other day, change in management at our plant. a student “we had a I cer- tainly was glad then that I had decided to study in my spare time. I. C. S. course, I was For, thanks to my the only man in the organization who could talk to the Superin- tendent in his own language. I was promoted over here from ten to twenty years. has been increased 90 ten months.” As a result, men who had beep My salary per cent in the last HAT’S a true story of what just one I. C. S. stu- dent has done. There are thousands of others. Every mail brings letters from men and women tell- ing of promotions and increases in salary due directly to spare-time study. One hour a day, quiet of your own home, in the work you like best. to us to prove it. spent with the I. C. S. will prepare you for success in the Yes, it will! Put it up Mail this Coupon To-day INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS Box 7625-E, Scranton, Penna, Without cost or obligation, your booklet, **Who Wins and about the course before which I have marked please send me a copy of Why,” and full particulars a: BUSINESS TRAINING COURSES OBusiness Management Industrial Manz Personnel Organization — | nt Business Lz Banking bony Banking vy! Accountancy (ineludin Nicholson Cost iauiaing M4 Bookkeeping Bs rivate Secretary Spanish French P.A.) Salesmanship Advertising Better Letters Show Card Lettering Stenography and Typing English Civil Service Railway Mail Clerk ‘oammon School Subjects High School Subjects Illustrating Cartooning

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How to Save on Plumbing Bills (Continued from page 143) In galvanized iron, the least size permis- sible from curb to house and for most fix- tures is half inch, with three eighths inch for lavatory and water closet tank. In brass. the lesser size would do for the whole job, except the main feed line. There is a more striking difference when condi- tions call for three quarter inch galva- nized iron. In this case one half inch brass would serve the same purpose. What are the conditions that demand larger pipe? F gente from water pressure, length of pipe. size of faucet and usage needs, we must allow for quality of the water. A soft. corrosive water calls for one eighth inch larger sizes in galvanized iron com- pared with the sizes just stated, which are based on hard, non-corrosive water. In general, acid waters rust more than alkaline. Atlantic seaboard waters are generally softer and more hostile to plumbing than midwestern waters. Well supplies are usually harder than surface, and their lime deposit tends to protect pipes. But some wells contain carbonic acid that attacks metal, and hardness of water due to sulphate is no protection. Public water supplies are usually soft and corrosive. Science, rather than guess- work, should match water and pipes. It is not safe to use lead pipe for water, because of the danger of lead poisoning. Does brass pipe vary in composition and should it be adapted to water quality? ES. Brass is a mixture of copper and zine with or without a trifle of tin. The more copper the better the pipe will stand up against salt water, hot water and special impurities. Not less than sixty-seven percent of copper is advised for a hot water line. Brass pipes do not have the same wall thickness as iron, although “iron pipe size.” or I. P. S., is the trade name for brass pipe of correct thickness for plumb- ing use. The metal in this is about an eighth of an inch thick compared with one twelfth inch for light tubing, which is unsuitable. We should specify semi- annealed seamless as well as I. P.S. This gives proper hardness for threaded con- nections and the pipe can be bent by filling it with hot pitch or hot sand. Does it take more labor to install brass than iron pipe? LY, ORE care, although the methods A are about the same. Expansion of brass must be allowed for, especially with a hot water line, to the extent of one quarter inch for each ten feet. An offset or loop of bent pipe is the best expan- sion safeguard, while pipe buried in cement should be jacketed with roofing felt or the like to give it freedom of move- ment. An iron pipe leak will “‘make itself up” or stop by corrosion, but a brass job must be made leakless the first time. And every good plumbing job uses plenty of unions, drain valves and faucets. This simplifies repairs, avoids freezing trouble and prevents crippling the whole system when one part is out of order.

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arch, 1927 now stoo A week Ball—a v the open acted to record in each mal Horton d stayed fa first hely hollow-ch (ox anc workers « helping 1 they con solely to Number UTC] powe armed s replace ‘1 a jewel weather, sullen, 1 when he to Bute’ charge o! * Keer ain't swe Slim B eves to J men, an work not ~ ad. I 1 his a bi th * Look Number There staring s beside | known | floor by him, ff stood or pop, Coo the cap making over, UT( the the stra gulp. the em] and ext a surly his lock tossed t * Mid “He ai notice | when hi That selected for Pat, quent ¢ in this lustead for the running fitting, touches the lon pilot | —

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arch, 1927

Midge (Continued from page 32)

now stood a heat and a half behind. A week of trial for the son of Tom Ball—a week of trial for every man on the open hearth as well. And they re- acted to the strain of shooting for a record in spite of the terrible weather, each man after his own fashion. Pod Horton dripped sweat and grin -*d—and stayed fat; Bony Carr, the e2 — heaked first helper on Num* _ grew hollow-cheeked and « ; Jerry (ox and Chuck Se aer Co- workers on Number ” iow first- . Six—even o and tended And down on _.ting. helping neighbors they conversed b solely to th Number 1 UTCH BOLLING was a new man, a powerful brute of a hairy-chested, ape- armed shovel swinger. Brought in to replace Tom Ball, Senior, he proved to be a jewel of a steel man—except in hot weather, it developed. Then he grew sullen, red-eyed. Pat shook his head when he saw that and passed a quiet tip to Butch’s boss, the melter who had charge of furnaces Nine to Twelve. “Keep yer eye on him,” he said. “He ain't sweatin’. He'll blow up, I’m afraid.” Slim Watts, the melter, raised hollow eyes to Pat. Heat gets those long skinny men, and Slim showed it. But he did his work none the less with a loyalty undimin- ished. He was with all the rest of the crew in his anxiety to break the record and share the bonus that came with it. “Look,” he croaked, and pointed to Number Ten’s loafing place. There sat Butch on his warm bench, staring straight ahead of him. And there beside him stood Midge—the kid was known by that name up and down the floor by this time. Midge was handing him, from a sizable basket that stood on the floor beside him, a bottle of pop, cool and sweating. He had lifted off the cap and stuck a straw in it and was making a grinning remark as he passed it over,

UTCH looked up glowering, snatched the bottle from Midge’s hand, tossed the straw aside and drained it in one long gulp. Midge gave a laugh as he stowed the empty bottle away, said something and extended his hand. Butch gave him a surly look, but he got up, reached into his locker and secured a coin which he § tossed to him. - * Midge is nursin’ him,.”’ said Slim. He aint made him smile yet—but IL notice Butch is always waitin’ fer him When he comes around.” hat was the job that Midge had elected for himself. Nursing. Errands lor Pat, yes, whenever necessary, and fre- ‘uent contacts with the huge man who in this heat-ridden tension was leading uistead of driving, but mostly little things ‘or the men. He had discovered that tuning errands was the thing most itting, and developed a route that touched every man in Pat’s domain, even the lonesome crane operators in their tiny ilo ] ee ‘ . > Plot houses (Continued on page 146)

MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION ASTOUNDING ~ YES! Wherever This Man, Goes Seeming Miracles Occur Miracles—NO. that is so driving, so all-embracing, so all-conquer- ing, and yet so simple, so easily understood that any man or woman can work wonders with it? Thousands have done it — thousands of despairing men and women, failures, depressed, sick—who have heard David V. Bush lecture in America’s great cities. Now—His Amazing Secret Revealed SYCHOLOGY! But a psychology made P sasy. A psychology developed and made practical. In New York, Chicago, Kansas City, San Francisco, Denver, Boston, Washington, D. C., and others, Dr. Bush has proved that psychology had hidden in its walled crypts a tremendous power that ‘an sweep down every barrier. By this great force he himself rose from poverty. And then he startled America by bringing his messages to thousands that crowded the nation’s largest auditoriums. He made this tremendous force so plain, so simple, and so sasily applied, that he has astonished scientific bodies, and investigators every- where. He Has Shown Thousands a Simple, Easy Process or Formula —That Always Works Dr. Bush has made his mission in life helping others. His chief happiness is that he has shown thousands how to have suc- cess, power, money. “Ten Thousand Dol- lars would not pay for the benefits I have received,” James C. Smith, of Somerville, Mass. writes him. Another says: ‘I was making no money, my health was bad, and I was heavily in debt. Now I have a store of my own and am doing a good business. My family and myself enjoy the best of health.” A man who learned of this power in Pitts- burg—he had never earned more than $25 per week—stepped out the first month and made over $1,000. Another: “I was al- ways told that I had no memory. I have never been able to memorize a piano

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composition to play it all the way through. Through Dr. Bush I started to work on my mem- ory, and lo, | mem- orized four pieces since then. I have composed a_ big overture, then wrote the orches- tra parts myself and found myself doing things I never thought I could.” Dr. Bush has thou- sands of letters like those. They are his proudest possessions. This great psy- chologist has tried to carry the secret of this success to

145

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Midge (Continued from page 144) suspended high above the ground on their movable bridges. Pop, candy, cigarettes and chewing tobacco from the restaurant that nestled beneath a bank three quarters ofamileaway. He had even gone to town on several trips for the men. Midge? His name was known to everyone, his grinning services accepted gruffly. And when he brought a message beginning with “Pat says—”’ they obeyed as though Pat him- self had spoken. The men on the charging floor, the shock troops in this battle against a tonnage record, were the ones who de- served—and received—the most atten- tion. And they reacted accordingly. “Wants to be a steel man,” Bony Carr broke his silence long enough to say to Pat. “Little peanut was trying to help me make bottom the other day! He was only shovelin’ half loads—not much bigger’n a shovel himself—an’ missin’ his shot half the time, but he stuck, the little—”’ a string of affectionate curses. HUCK SELLERS, he who had seen his brother dissolved in steel—*‘ He looks somepin’ like my—brother,” was all he said. Chuck and Jerry Cox were the ones who most often walked home with Midge between them after the day’s work was done. ** Askin’ questions about steel worse’n any catechism,”’ was Jerry’s report. “He learned a lot from his dad—’fore he died.”” Shrewd old Pat, who had a way of putting men and steel together and getting tonnage, stepped over to Butch’s bench after the boy had left. * Midge botherin’ ya any?” he asked. A hot-eyed look from Butch. “Who said he was botherin’ me?” he bristled. ‘**Who’s kickin’?” “Nobody,” said Pat quietly, “‘only he’s on trial fer a week an’ it’s up today.” “Fire him!” growled Butch. “Fire him! I been tellin’ him to get out o’ this, that'll be the best way o’ makin’ him do it. Steel man!” disgustedly. ‘Wants to bea steel man!” “Well?” said Pat softly, and left it at that. AT knew; he had been a steel man him- self ever since he could remember. They cursed their jobs, all of them. But they stayed with ’em. And Butch was no worse than the rest—except that he did his sweating inside, It was to Butch’s furnace that the slump in the record achievement could be traced. Not that he was letting down exactly, but—Butch had had a sticker a few days before. They’re not unusual, those stickers. Quite often a heat will lose its carbon before it’s hot enough totap. It only means pigging it up again, adding a dose of cold pig iron that boosts the carbon and raises the temperature— and delays tapping for an hour. But Butch’s mood got the best of him. He added too much pig—without consulting Slim, his boss—got the carbon way too high, and tried to ore it down. That was foolish. For ore will speed the elimination | of carbon, but (Continued on page 147) |

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f arch, 1927 Midge (Continued from page 146) only at the expense of time, and he should have known it. Result: the heat was delayed some three hours—and Butch’s temperature had soared until it was equal to that of his furnace. It showed in his eyes. There seemed to be only one cooling agent for Butch. Midge. Butch was still acting like a lion with a thorn in its foot, but what he had just said to Pat was encouraging. “Butch told me to fire ya,” was what he said to Midge that last evening of the trial week. Pat’s shrewd eyes took on their microscope look as he said it. “ «W, HE didn’t,” said the kid. There was fear in his eyes and his voice was husky. “‘He never did. He was only kiddin’.”” “Said you wanted to be a steel man an’ told me to fire ya to keep ya from bein’ one.” “T do,” said Midge earnestly. “Ain't I been doin’ good?” “Sure you have, son,” and Pat’s big hand fell gently on the small shoulder. “Va been doin’ great. Think ya can keep it up?” “Sure!” “Think ya can do yer job, an’ not be botherin’ me fer raises an’ things? It'll be a long time ’fore ya’re big enough to swing a shovel,” Pat warned. “Sure, know. But J—L like it. An’ I like Butch, an’—all of ’em.” “Allright, va’re hired. No shenanigans, now,” he hastened to add for the purpose of stopping a burst of that something that shone in the big brown eyes. “Jest ya keep helpin’ the boys—an’ Butch. An’ if things keep goin’ like they are, we stand a good chance o’ bustin’ the record. An’ youll get ver share o’ the bonus.” HE ensuing week went by with so little of trouble that Pat, in spite of himself, began to wonder about it. The heat con- tinued, bearing down relentlessly on men that deserved a better fate; bottoms were made, furnaces were charged, heats worked and steel tapped as ordered, and slowly the tonnage tapped began to ap- proach the goal for which every man was striving. Midge—-he was everywhere, a grinning errand runner. Hot face drip- ping, his shirt wet, he was the one reliev- ing element in the straining tension of the men. For he was a boy, a brown-eyed, round-faced boy. Not so round-faced of late, for the heat had marked him too, but a boy none the less; one whose grin won him prerogatives that no man could hope for. It was Midge who kept those men from blowing up; Pat was certain of it. Especially was it so in the case of Butch. I'm hired steady now,” he reported to Butch with great glee as he handed ulm his pop. “Huh,” growled Butch. Steel! “Ya’re crazy! Steel! eel’ Who wants to work at steel?” “E don’t see you quittin’,” retorted Midge—and grinned. Could any grown man have gotten away with that? “I | Want to be a record buster, like you,” a wave of hishand (Continued on page 148) esses i POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 147 Let LYEUT. WALTER HINTON Teach You to Fry! EVER since its birth has aviation needed so many trained men as it does today! And the demand for skillful pilots and mechanics is con- stantly increasing. You know that the transpor- tation of mail, express, freight and people is fast taking to the air. Men are needed and the returns are excellent. As you have watched planes soaring overhead you have ad- mired the men THE FAMOUS PILOT OF THE NC-4 | Lieut. HINTON, former ff instructor, pilot of the NC-4, first flying ma- chin Atlantic famous New Brazil‘‘ AmityFlight,’’ the first air voyage be- tween the Americas, in the *‘Rice’’ Expedition up the Amazon, to the River of Doubt, and scores of others. NOW let him teach to fly! .S. Navy aviator and e to cross the pilot on the ff York to 1922-1923: pilot on you and adventurous field and collect your share of the prof- its. You can prepare yourself in your own home, in your spare time, without leaving your pres- ent occupation! You can have one of the most fa- controlling them— perhaps imagined yourself in their place. Now the opportunity of get- ting there is yours! 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March, 1927 Midge: (Continued from page 148) been the calmest, and—why if he didn’t look out he’d be biting his finger nails! One soft voiced tip had he passed to Slim. “Talk soft, Slim,” he pleaded. “Talk soft. An’ don’t fer the love o’ the record, give orders!” Slim had nodded silently, knowing what was meant. Slim was Butch’s im- mediate boss. Then Pat had taken a final inspection trip. Not along the second floor level of the charging floor, that could take care of itself from now on, but along the ground level of the pouring floor on the opposite side of the open hearths. SINGULARLY quiet ‘and restful- looking place, the pouring floor— except when a river of steel was vomited amid billows of smoke and soaring flame from one of those tapping spouts. A hundred-foot boulevard of dry and hard- packed earth, it lies between the half-mile row of furnaces and the towering outer wall of the building; the stage where all the terrific labors of the charging floor come to a spectacular climax; the home stretch in this race of men against records. Now it was deserted, idle—waiting. Ladles? Several enormous ones sat at the rear end of the broad floor near where the mixer made Number Thirteen in the long row of furnaces. Steel-cased, brick- lined buckets three times as high as Pat, two of them to be set by the cranes in their cinder pit nests beneath the tapping spouts of Two and Ten—waiting. “Spot Number Two first,’ was Pat’s order. “It'll tap before Ten.” Cranes? Two of them, their massive girders bridging the floor high overhead, their tiny pilot houses suspended close to the outer wall, their ponderous hooks— detachable bucket handles—hanging mo- tionless. From each pilot house window a man was leaning—waiting. NGOT molds? Two trains of them, spotted opposite Two and Ten. Six-foot dominoes, hollow and with sloping sides, they stood at attention on dinkey flat N cars. Their tops, slightly higher than the narrow platform that clung to the wall ten feet above the ground, yawned in black, empty rectangles—waiting. Furnaces? Cinder pits of Two and Ten clean—the condition of the other ten made no difference—tapping spouts set in place above. Number Ten’s spout needed a coat of fire clay on its brick lining, but that would be taken care of; the clay and the buckets of water were already in place on the steel balcony that sloped from cither end of the furnace toward it. Both balconies were piled with sacks of recar- burizer and lumps of ferro-manganese, the stairways that dropped from the aisle- Ways between furnaces were unencum- bered Waiting. And Pat? Sitting now in his cubby- hole of an office, drumming with his 'gers—waiting. A distant rumble, as of a? HHH SB 18, jas. ag! | g. J far-away thunder. That would be a crane | bringing up a ladle to Number Two as | ordered. Number Two was all right: Jack | Wasa good first atten (Continued on page 150 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION mazing Invention 149 y From The volutionizes Shaving HINK of it! 365 keen, cool shaves a year from the same blade! That’s what therevolutionary invention of aSt.Louisman is doing for American shavers everywhere! KRISS-KROSS marks the beginning of @ new era in shaving comfort and economy. Its performance is so sensational that it seems hardly fair to call it a stropper. Rather it is a super-stropper or blade- rejuvenator! Almost literally, it makes a new blade out of an old one every day. No longer do you find that your blades “die” after five or six shaves. KRISS-KROSS “brings ’em to life’ a sur- prising way, week after week and month after month, and endows them with a keenness that they seldom possess when brand-new! 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Without cost or obligation, please send me one of your booklets, and tell me how I can qualify for the position = in the subject before which I have marked an X: ) Analytical Chemistry Ci Anite and Industrial []Chemical Engineering istry Industrial Chemistry Short Chemistr Cou [ Metallurgical Chemistry Lyghert Che aan Also courses specializing in the Chemistry of the following industries J Manufacture of Leather [Manufacture of Iron _] Manufacture of Cottonseed Oil LJ Manufacture of Steel Manufacture of Petroleum }Manufacture of Sugar Manufacture of Sulphuric ] Manufacture of Soap and Hydrochloric Acids () Manufacture of Cement Electric Lighting Architect Cj Radio Mechanical Engineer Architects’ Blueprints Mechanical Draftsman Contractor and Builder Ma — Shop Practice Architectural Draftsman a ailroad Positions Concrete Builder ‘ivil Engineer Structural Engineer Surveying and Mapping [) Airplane Engines Metallurgy ( Mining L) Mathematics E Electrical Engineering Steam Engineering A a H J { LJ rt }¢ J 7 Street Address 23rdYear COLLEGE Trained Draftsmen earn $60 to $100 a week. 4 months’ inter- esting study at Chicago Tech. fits you to earn big money in draft- ing’ fertile field.Common school- ing alt ou need. Expert instruc- tors. So repre pata or self-sup- IN MONTHS port while studying. Free Employ- ment Service. Day or Evening Classes. Athletics. Enter any me. Also intensive courses in E ngine ering, E lectricity and Being Write for free 72-page ‘‘Riue Book’! and facts about mat — qualify for a high-pay drafting job in 4 months. ue Eset 26m st. Chicago Technical College lt can't come to Chicago, study at home. rite for Free Trial Lesson in Drafting. MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION Midge (Continued from page 149) helper. But Number Ten, was it—a wild- eyed man burst into his office. ““S-sticker!” he jibbered. g-got a s-sticker!” A sticker! Normally a thing no more to be considered than a cinder in a shoe, a temporary embarrassment. But at this stage of the game it would put Number Two out of the running—and leave the only hope for a record in the hands of a near-lunatic who did not sweat! It was the spark that set off the dynamite in the air, for from then on things happened with the spontaneity of an explosion. * J-Jack’s AT tore out of his office, ran the hun- dred feet to Number Two, checked the truth of the report—and heard a yell that ripped across the muttering rumble of that crane like the screech of a shell frag- ment. It came from the far end of the pouring floor! He tore through the hot aisleway between Two and Three, leaped down the stairs, and heard another. “‘Ladle! Ladle!” It was Midge. Standing alongside the tapping spout of Number Ten, working frantically with his hands and yelling over his shoulder. The tap hole was breaking! Pat was right. Midge had volunteered to line the tapping spout since Butch and his crew were infernally busy bringing the heat to time. He had gone around and begun to smear clay on the fifteen-foot trough of steel lined with fire brick; he worked, an infinitesimal bit of humanity in the immensity of the space about him, only half hearing the passage of the crane with its empty ladle—until he noticed a sign of weakness in the clay that stopped the tap hole. Then he yelled—and with ram and clay tried to reinforce that dam. That was what Pat saw. At that moment three men _ burst around the corner; Slim, Butch and Butch’s second helper. “‘ Ladle! Ladle! Pat says ladle!’ Midge was yelling. The crane’s rumble stopped. “Ladle! Spot it here!” ILD gestures from the three who had just arrived, after which they flung themselves violently at the tapping spout. The crane started back toward Number Ten. Pat had been running with all his might even as he witnessed these lightninglike events. In seven-league strides he went down the floor, passed the ladle that was crawling slowly—oh, so slowly!—back toward the cinder pit at Number Ten. “Git out o’ that!” Butch was bawling. “Git out! Let ’er rip!” “Gimme clay!” from Midge. Ladle! Pat says ladle!” He was working far up at the base of the spout; he was not looking for the ladle. “Git out!” from Butch, even as he threw slugs of wet clay. “It'll kill ya!” “Clay!” panted Midge, and he got it. From all three. Pat flew up the stairs, skidded down the slope of the balcony to the spout. That tiny little midget trying to stem “Clay! the infernal tide of a hundred tons of steel! Butch (Continued on page 151) | Sensational 7 SFESTITS Bros™ NEVER has there been such a typewriter bargain on as easy terms! A genuine Silent Ball Bearing L. C. Smith at a 40% savings ! Only the L C. Smith has all these features: Ball bearings (636 of ae | at all points of wear. the writing visible all the time. Non-shift ouringe- 2-color ribbon. 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I keep machine, I'll send you $ a month until the $66.70 balance of $69.70 price is paid; the title | to remain with you until then.I am to have 10 days to try the type writer. If I decide not to keep it, I will repack and return to | express rece agent. who will ceturn my $3. You are to give your | standard 6-yeur guaran Name Address. | Btate...ccni City... Employed by "ae “5 Pom ne TR Re Ae CL OH RO ND tm ee oe a ee wi OE “DON'T SHOUT” 2 **T hear you. I can hear now as well as any body. ‘HOW?' With THE MORLEY PHONE. I've a pair in my ears now, but they are invisible. I would not know Ihad them in, syed only that I hear all ri right.” The Merley Phone for the — is to the ears what glasses are to the fess and harmless. Anyone ‘can adjust as. sand sold. Write for booklet and testimo THE MORLEY CO., Dent. 797, 10S. 18th Street, Phitade F : $25 IN PRIZES—See Cash Prize Offer on Page age March, 19 arch, 1 yelling down } ding— trickle there. “Gi “Gi Pan And t could men t 7. M stood troug] says weak, Th would swelle broke spout in th of fir Mi work: peril Bute steel Bu and | have mang strea tapp: Pat 4 and groal deta “| got t in fi ladle “| ly. matt Bi set h a lea “y The I did man follo But it th ho s B fear shal som don

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arch, 1927 Midge (Continued from page 150) yelling, and handing clay. Slim wetting down more. Midge with his ram, prod- ding—an indescribable conf usion—and a trickle of steel ran out of a crack up there. i “Git out!” from Butch. “Gimme clay! Now, ram!?’ Panting, sobbing almost, all of them. And the ladle—crawling like a snail. Pat could do nothing. There were too many men there already. HE trickle grew in spite of them. Midge scrambled out ofits path and stood with a foot on either side of the trough—and packed clay. “Ladle! Pat says ladle!” His voice was woefully weak, but he didn’t know it. The trickle grew in spite of them. It would. No human could stop it. It swelled to a tiny stream—and the dam broke. Just as theladle swung beneath the spout. Before it had been lowered to rest in the cinder pit a flaming, spitting river of fire was pouring down into it. Midge, when he saw the futility of working longer, leaped sideways from his perilous position and fell into the arms of Butch. Flame, sparks, smoke. But the steel was going into the ladle. Butch held the boy in his arms and Pat j and Slim took up the duties he should } have been directing. Recarburizer and manganese, they tossed them into the stream—and Number Ten’s heat was tapped. The slag rose over the ladle’s rim, Pat gave the order to lift the ladle out and teem it into molds, the crane gears groaned—and then it was time to get the details. “Heat’s O.K.,”’ panted Slim. “Jest got through takin’ a test. We'd ha’ tapped in five minutes. Was jest goin’ after a ladle.” How's Midge?” asked Pat impatient- = lv. What matter a heat of steel? What matter a record? \ Butch gave the boy a mighty hug and set him on the floor. He was shaking like dee a le ‘af. Butch was, not Midge. ~4 Record’s busted, anyway,” "said Midge. our The little beggar was grinning! “Even if [ did steal Number Two's ladle.” "Waa rH of relief from Pat. The kid 44 wasn’t hurt. Then he gave a thought to what Midge had said. “‘Jack’s got a sticker,” he said. ‘‘He won’t be needin’ a ladle till after six. Ya used yer head, sOn. Hot dog!” from a wide-eyed boy who was danci ‘Ing a jig on the g gritty slope of a balcony. “How” s ‘at, Butch?’ What a boy he was! And what a steel man he would make some day! Pat followed Midge’s glance toward where Bute h was, still shivering. Ya half-baked prune!” Butch growled it through chattering teeth. Ain’ t got Ho sense at all! Might ha’ killed ya Butch’s eyes were still craven "with fear—for Midge. Butch’s voice was shaking. The boy had unwittingly done something that even Pat could never have done. He had turned a near-lunatic into 4steel man. For Butch—was sweating! ge 1H ! MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION With This Amazing Device I Drove 1300 Miles Without Buying Gasoline No wonder over a million car owners have installed the Stransky Vaporizer! Here’s a remarkable instance—one of many --that shows how this amazing device has saved ay wt 57 Miles on a Gallon J, T. Jackson, Mich. drove a 1914 on one gallon, /CHEVROLET/ 43 Miles on a Gallon , reports he model Ford 57 miles **We have tried thee opt. ae, hey- rolet got 43 Carroll, Rex _. 25 miles vice off an allon. Took the mileage drapped ache or pl age owner, re’ ports he § ‘ot e- to 19. Put it a and mileage moved up 36 Miles on 11/, Gallon **Yesterday I made a trip of 86 miles, and used only 1-4 gallons.’ L. Rm, INTERNATIONAL TRUCKS Saves 41% ‘I find it better than you recom- mend it. Truck we use, we are saving On the International by positive tests “41 per cent in eas Sad our engine uses less oi —George Bell. Sworn Affidavit I. L. G. Stransky, Vice President, q ‘Mf. Company. J. A. Stransky, being first duly sworn depose and say that the J, A. Stransky Mfg Company have in their files thou- sands of unsolicited testimonials from satisfied users all over the worl Signed L. Vice P: t a ent - Stransky Subscribed and sworn to before te this 29th day of November, 1926. (Signed) Ernest Henegar Notary Public. The STRANSKY —— J. A. STRANSKY, MFG. CO. Pukwana, S. D. Resources $500,000.00 Dept. C-730 gasoline and increased power. J. R. Wood of St. Louis writes that he ran his car 3,000 miles on the same amount of gas that he formerly used on only 1,700 miles. Think of it! 1,300 miles without buying gasoline! Read the in- ventor’s daring no-risk offer to you. Men are making *75 to *200 In a Week ELDOM if ever money - making been offered or spare time. the money rolls in could make $137.50 Fuller, $104.50 in Cronk $51 in an hour! If your present job you $75 to $200 in a week, think fast! Full page newspaper ads are being used all over America. Over a million car owners have installed it already—on all makes of cars, trucks and tractors—even on an aeroplane. Thousands of car owners have ordered distributors— experienced or otherwise—full time Think how fast car has such a Youecan attach it to your engine opportunity in about three minutes and it needs no further attention. Official tests show that ‘most owners waste 20 to 30% of when Foster their gas by improper combus- in a week— tion. Thousands of car owners five days— say that this amazing device has saved them as much as 50% doesn't pay that it picks up power more quickly, ENDS spark plugand carbon troubles, and works in all weathers IN or roads. And so con- THREE vinced is the inven- tor that it will prove HOURS its story that he makes the following no-risk offer. My gas bill has been cut nearly in half. I have removed carbon My engine runs as Mail Coupon Below direct from the fac- good as new, starts Over one million car tory because they easier and quicker I owners have installed couldn’t find a dis- went out Saturday the Stransky Va- tributor. Jump in about 3 hours and se- porizer at the in- quick and get your cured 16 orders ventor’s risk. This share of the cream. J. A. WILLIAMS coupon will bring you full details of How It Works our plan to let you test this de- The Stransky Vaporizer was in- vice on your car in the sare vented by J. A. Stransky, former way You will also learn a definite candidate for Governor of South plan that has Dakota. It is based on a newly- helped others discovered scientific engineering earn $75 to $200 we principle that has stood thousands in a week, full or of tests by car owners, dealers, spare time. Your garage mechanics and other au- request will not thorities. It has no delicate obligate you. parts to get out of order. There is Rush the coupon nothing complicated a about it. today. Ok kf J. A. Stransky Mfg. Co., Dept. C-730, Pukwana, S. D. Yes, send me without obligation full details of your no-risk test offer. Also tell me about your distribu- tor’s money-making plan, Name Address CS ee iictncsweteaen as new State....

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152 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION

Scatter-brained! No wonder he never accomplishes

anything worthwhile !

He thinks of a thousand ‘“‘schemes” to make money quickly—but does nothing about any of them. Thoughts flashinto and out of his brain with the speed of lightning. New ideas rush in pell-mell, crowding out old ones before they have taken form or shape. He is Scatter-Brained. He wonders why he does not get ahead. He cannot understand why others, with less ability, pass him in the prosperity parade. He pities himself, excuses himself, sympathizes with himself. And the great tragedy is that he has every quality that leads to success—intelligence, originality, imagination, ambition. His trouble is that he does not know how to use his brain. His mental make-up needs an overhauling. There are millions like him—failures, half-successes slaves to those with balanced, ordered minds. It is a known fact that most of us use only one-tenth of our brain power. The other nine-tenths is dissipated into thousands of fragmentary thoughts, in day dream- ing, in wishing. What can be done about it ? Find out by means of Pelmanism; then develop the particular mental faculty that you lack. ‘ou can develop it easily; Pelmanism will show you just how; 550,000 Pelmanists, many of whom were held back by your very problem, will tell you that this is true. Pelmanism is the science of applied psychology, which has swept the world with the force of a religion. It has awakened powers in individuals, all over the world, they did not dream they possessed. Among those who advocate Pelmanism are: T. P. O’Connor, ‘*Father | Jerome K. Jerome, Nov- of the House of Com- elist. mons.”’ Gen. Sir Frederick The late Sir H. Rider Maurice, Director of Haggard, Famous Military Operations, Novelist. Imperial General Staff. GeneralSirRobertBaden- Admiral Lord Beresford Powell, Founder of the | “Gc G.C.V.O. ° Boy Scout Movement. , Judge Ben B. Lindsey, | Sir Harry Lauder, Comedian. Founder of the Juve- _nile Court, Denver. W. L. George, Author. Frank P. Walsh, Former y : Chairman of National | Baroness Orczy, Author. War Labor Board. Prince Charles of Sweden —and others, of equal prominence, too numerous to mention here. A remarkable book called *‘Scientific Mind Training” has been written about Pelmanism. It can be obtained free. Yet thousands of people who read this announce- ment and who need this book will not send for it. “It’s no use,” they will say, ‘**It will do me no good.” “It’s all tommyrot,” they will tell themselves. H IS mind is a hodge-podge of half-baked ideas.

But if you are ma le of the stuff that isn’t content to remain a slave—if you have taken your last whipping from life,— if you have a spark of Independence left in your soul, write for this free book. It tells you what Pel.nanism is what it has done for others, and what it can do for you. the first principle of your success is to do something definite in your life. You cannot afford to remain un- cecided, vascillating, Cay-creaming, for you will soon again sink into the mire of discouragement. Let Pel- manism help you find yourself. Mail the coupon below now —while your resolve to do something about your- self is strong. THE PELMAN INSTITUTE OF AMERICA Approve as a correspondence school under the laws of the State of New York 19 West 44th St Suite 873 New York City (SSCSSSTSSSSESESSSSESEEEEESTECEEERERESEEEREEEEEEREeEeEs The Pelman Institute of America, 19 West 44th St., Suite 873, New York City. I want you to show me what Pelmanism has ac- tually done for over 550,000 peopl>. Please send me your free book, “Scientific Mind Training.” This places me under no obligation whatever.

The World’s Woodpile (Continued from page 36) nation expends two billion dollars for small homes and farm buildings, very largely of wood. As our National Com- mittee on Wood Utilization has pointed out, we waste lumber when we order long lengths to be cut into short lengths, for mills are always overstocked with lengths of eight feet down to two feet, perfectly suitable for many purposes. “Ready- cut” houses are a step in the direction of waste saving. Mills will sell short lengths at prices well under standard. HORT flooring, for example, is ob- tainable at a saving, and attractive designs can be worked out. Even saw- dust has been successfully used for floors, mixed with a cement. Right now there is an opportunity for developing a floor using this composition for a base, in which even very short lengths of flooring can be set like mosaic work, or to resemble tiles. Beautiful table tops, as in the New York Public Library, may be made from short lengths of hard wood. There is no more fascinating raw ma- terial for experiment than sawdust. Fine- ly divided, as “wood flour,” and mixed with a glue binder, chalk, clay and lin- seed oil, it may be molded into an in- finite variety of building articles, from ceilings and frames to capitals of columns, imitation furniture carvings, moldings, and so on. A mixture of one third saw- dust, one third calcium phosphate and one third gelatinous or resinous material, has been found valuable for such purposes as composition shingles. In Mississippi there has been developed a new wallboard, made from scrap wood dried to a powder and pressed into sheets about one half inch thick. The board is very light, yet strong, having high in- sulating qualities. For exterior uses, the same material is subjected to much greater pressure and becomes a thin, tough board, almost as tough as the best hardwood. NOTHER wood-saving process which has been highly developed in recent years is that of “‘peeling”’ logs into veneer, and building up plywoods of various thicknesses and strengths. To- day almost all furniture utilizes gum, alder, pine and the inexpensive woods for interior strength, with a pleasing and durable veneer of walnut, mahogany, birch or other hardwood. The saving is enormous. We may expect in the future a great development of this art, which has been adapted to soft woods, such as Douglas Fir, with marked success. The home of the future will use veneer for all wood- work, trim and furniture, even as hard- wood flooring one half inch or less in thickness is the accepted floor of today. Further conservation of our best timber will result. Chopsticks for exportation to China and Japan, skewers, tree markers, gaso- line gage sticks, even shoe pegs for ex- portation to Europe, are still other articles made from wood scrap which formerly went to the national wood- pile. (Continued on page 153)

March, 197 S51 onran So writes W. H. Adams of Ohio in Aug. arch, 197

The

ust 1925. V.A. Marini of California ra But ports $11275 sales in 3 months. Jacobi, ount Gordon of New Jersey ‘$4000 profits in? no use months.” Alexander of Penna. “$300HR Wo profits in four inonths.” Ira Shook $365 sales in on v day. Bram bought one outfit April 5 and 7 more by of chare August 28. Iwata, bought one outfit and 10 mon thoc with! a year. Mrs. Lane of Pittsburgh says “sold pat 8000 packages in one day.” J. R. Bert says “only the gas thing I ever bought that equaled advertisement.’ from V John Culp says: “Everything going lovely, re Crispette wiappers scattered all gop» produc > over town. It’s good old Byars lyeing world after all.” Kellog, at gdyelis; 5 $700 ahead end of sec- try), cr ond week. Fron resin, stumps wood |

charco are sal and b

otherw econor _ ey =< LI bal .- Pr We G‘ WE START YOU IN BUSINESS) frou

Wisco produ glucos in pla ration Furnish secret formulas, raw material and equip)” ment. Little capital required; no experience needed. Build A Business of Your Own : No limit to the sale of Crispettes. Everybody like them. It’s a delicious food confection. Write for) facts about a business that will make you indepen _

ent. Start now, in your own town. perhaj Profits $1000 a Month Easily Possible | break! Send postal for illustrated book of facts. It contains In | enthusiastic letters from others—shows their places make: of business, tells how and when to start, and all in. | formation needed. Free. Write now! LONG-EAKINS COMPANY treat! gas al

347 High Street Springfield, Ohio in on a produ Secret Pr — ocess Mm is saic seven Makes Caps |:.:: howe) RAIN~PROOF ():::: Amazing! Mysterious! fF Stil

treated by secret process, look just like * any other fine materials, but shed water like ducks’ backs. Pour water on Taylor Cap and it run off, leaving cap absolutely dry. Can be worn in severest rail storms without danger of cold or wet. Amazing featur appeals to every man instantly. NOW Many Men Make $10.00 a Day?

manu largel reduc ether,

This startling new cap idea is putting fortunes in pockets # J hydro Taylor representatives. Just making simple water-pro sug: demonstration pays big money. We need more men every sugar where. Do you want this chance? Write! Send no money pared We supply selling equipment, and sample of water-prodl material FREE. And also make it easy for you to get cap fot velop yourself without cost. Address. : TAYLOR CAP MANUFACTURERS, Desk X-20, Cincinnati, Ohio twent trial | BIG PROFITS @ NEW BUSINESS a . we : may Heiping Motorists i } iN N 1 Save *; Their Tire Bills! 0 il Even if you are making “good money”, you can greatly increase your Wo rd income in a new all-year-round business of your own where you will be ! ee il ‘ steadily building larger and larger future profits—hmuited only by your eee Ca \ You can pay out of your earnings. Already, throughout the world, hundreds : | ambitious men have begun to realize the very large profits to be made in thisnew | an¢ uncrowded branch of the Automobile field—now opened up because ACESS : up a NESTLER RUBBER FUSING PROCE: : ly a Nestler Operator is ed to perform this Process and only one Nestler Operator ul ), crazsauted to operate in fay communsry. The sutomeble owner can now obtait 79% pul} c nileage from tures he usually throws away For the first time new rubber is pers on ne } étly fused directly to the old thread. Old tires cannow be made practically new. EASILY LEARNED 2zrour Ourspecial 2onsand manual , : -pecevombe-nasir wr ka stanc inashorttume. Only 6 major / from Wii wil! ( ] unuss NESTLER RUBBER FUSING CO.INCE Ray Wood i rags Mi flour prod You hices Some of the highest paid men in the world are advertising MeP- 5... | Was can learn easily and quickly at home during your spare © Tremet- ast ger opportunities now in advertising than ever before. 2 cous demand for our wraduates at big pay. 4 d vitd © ef Woo0c Send for FREE Book Giving interesting information 3” today: facts—just what you want to know abvut advertising. Write NG jj be re PAGE-DAVIS SCHOOL OF ADVERTIS! Le

Dept. 1363 3601 Michigan Ave., Chicago, U.S” 9)

Page 157

arch, 1927 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION The World’s Woodpile [| ¢ Ti Nan (Continued from page 152) ‘ Wt But after all, there is still a vast amount of wood which so far has found no use unless distinctly altered in form. Wood that goes into the manufacture of charcoal is an example. By the modern method of making this valuable product, the gases are saved and condensed, and from various woods such valuable by- products as wood alcohol, acetic acid for dyeing, acetone (used in the film indus- trv), creosote and pitch are obtained. ‘From soft woods containing pitch and resin, especially in the roots, knots, stumps and branches, distillation yields wood turpentine, pine oils, tar ‘oils and charcoal. Some 200,000 cords of wood are said to go into such purposes annually, and because most of this wood would otherwise be burned, the nation gains economically. LUCOSE and lignose also are ex- tracted from wood. At the Forest Products Laboratory of the University of Wisconsin an edible stock feed has been produced, utilizing the cellulose and glucose, or wood sugar. Stock fed on this, in place of one third of their usual grain ration, are reported to have thrived. So perhaps we are not so far, after all, from breakfast food of sawdust or shavings. In Los Angeles there is a plant which makes glucose from wood waste, by — * treating with dilute hydrochloric-acid = it ide gas and steam. The process is completed , ; ome into Electricity! in one and one fourth hours, and the Vy 4 d Sat product is then ready for packing and ss : I am looking for more ambitious young fellows distributing as a cattle food. The process _ =a to place in well-paid Electrical jobs. You need is said to yield, in addition, sixty-five to . « not have a high school education to qualify for i Ga al ° lis opportunity—but you MUST be interested in seventy gallons of grain (ethyl) alcohol Electricity and willing to do a little spare time work per ton of sawdust. The usual yield, at home to prepare for a fine Electrical position however, is around fifteen to twenty- = .: and a substantial increase in pay. Virst, I will put five gallons per ton. ys — you thru a simple, rapid, new method of training. Still another fruitful field is in the FREE JOB b) he ! Then I will help vou get placed in a permanent, manufacture of wood alcohol, made A ervice. satisfactory job. This offer is limited to men now largely from hardwoods. The wood is | Our big Employment Department earning $40 a week or less, and is backed by a 30- reduced to cellulose by treatment with ei a year-old, million dollar institution. "a EC acids, such ~~ a ,9t | ters who keep in personal touch Jobs $60 to ric, and alkalis; the fermenta''e | with Employers of Electrical Ex- sugar and alcohol are then readily pre- | perts. When you enroll for this $125 a Week pared. A French process recently de- | training, you are immediately veloped is reported to obtain about | registered for your future job. You can’t pick out a better future for yourself twenty-two gallons of this useful indus- | No charge to students or employers than in Electricity—now the biggest and fastest trial material per ton of sawdust. | for this valuable service. growing industry in the world. Leaders like Edison | baie greater even than for the pioneers 30 years ago,” Millions of EW inventions have changed the trend Guaranteed Training =n houses are being wired for Electric light— railroads —built by 29 Noted are turning from steam to Electricity—industries “nome > oi are more and more depending on Electric power. Engineers from lead === Finis. is Whe Wibtbdionl aan. ond thenenadn of the times more than that of grinding wood pulp. Onlv quite recently practi. | ~~”: : : cally Hw # : y one — practi ing industrial Corpo- — of men are urgently needed to install i i li paper was made o Tags, cotton rations and Univer- = Electrical machinery and apparatus, to and nen, hemp, flax and jute, ground | sities, such as General my et ee ee eee eee up and chemically treated to make a | Electric, Common- DeLee leet ih cs pulp. Today all newspapers are printed | wealth Edison, West- on newsprint made very largely from wood | inghouse, Mass, Insti- ground very fine. A fortunate circum- | tute, ete. Their high piece is that ground pulp may be made a eer _— : oe : ‘ ° ) 1 2Sty, come rom crooked, defective and otherwise | i WS ee Chief Engineer Dunlap, a ‘ pleteness and quality igbires a on ae : unusable wood Almost ninetv percent ; ae Mlectrical Division, American School of all t} oil vy percent of this home-training. Dept. E-375, Drexel Av. & 58th St. Chicago weed le paper we use now 1s made of | The remarkable suecess of * Send me please 5 Electrical Job Tickets absolutely | “ood pulp with varying proportions of | American School students and S Teas Laces aatae eae” Ade ea ee | rags and old paper. | graduates during the past 30 vears ‘ ans plan with money back guarantee, ced wi as instifie at acts about your course, and facts about the Mixed with glue, wood pulp and wood | has justified our guaranteeing to help ‘ opportunities in Electricity. our can be made into papier-maché YoU to definite benefits in position and Products, such as ornaments, statues, cor- | S@!@TYs or money re“unded. hices, oi ws | “ picture frames and boxes. From a | j-~} 0 snr utilization standpoint, ground meri r¢ pis: . I od Is an ideal material, because it can | Name see De recovered ¢ pe és recovered and (Continued on page 154 | Chief Engineer Dunlap, Electrical Division Dept. E-375, Drexel Av. & 58th St., Chicago

Page 158

DRAWING way to FORTUNE ~ Ali Hafed, a Persian farmer, sold his acres to go out and seek his fortune. He who bought the farm found it contained a diamond mine which made him fabulously rich. Ali Hafed overlooked the great opportunity at his door to go far afield in search of wealth—which illustrates a great truth. DO YOU LIKE TO DRAW? If you do it is almost a certain indication that you have talent, a talent which few possess. Then don't follow Ali Hafed’s example and look farther for fortune Develop your talent—your fortune lies in your hand! MANY EARN $200.00 TO $500.00 A MONTH AND MORE Present opportunities for both men and women to illustrate magazines, newspapers, etc., have never been excelled. Thousands of publishers buy miltions of dollars’ worth of illustrations every year. Illustrating is the highest type of art—pleasant work, yielding a large income. THE FEDERAL COURSE IS A PROVEN RESULT GETTER It is the only Home Study Course which has been built by over fifty nationally known artists—Sid Smith, Neysa McMein, Norman Rockwell, Clare Briggs, Charles Livingston Bull and Fontaine Fox among them. FREE—“A Road to Bigger Things” If you like to draw you should read this free book before deciding on your life’s work. It tells about illus- trating as a highly paid, fascinating profession and about the famous artists who have helped build the Federal Course Just tear out this ad, write your name, age, occupation and address in the margin, mail it to us and we will s send you your copy of the book and the sample é Do it right now while you are thinking esson about it

of ilustrating 3147 Federal School Bldg. Minneapolis, Minn.

eee s4a2 So, i

Fly Billions of dollars will be created and spent through the development of aviation. Thousands of positions will be open for those who are prepared. Prepare now! Complete Home Study Course in Aviation arranged by America’s foremost aeronau- tical society Authentic, yet inexpensive Course complete with blueprint of airplane, $5.00. Send money order or check, or write for further information. The American Society for Promotion of Aviation 522 Fifth Ave. Dept. Y New York MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION

The World’s Woodpile (Continued from page 153) used over and over again. Only fire destroys it forever, and when the value of paper is more generally known, little will find its way to the furnace. Perhaps no scientific achievement in utilizing the tree equals rayon, the wonderful new artificial silk, in future promise. Already close to a hundred fac- tories are producing rayon and its prod- ucts. Many a silken thread today comes from the spruce tree, and from its waste parts, at that. From cellulose in other forms industrial plants are making a constantly increasing number of useful products, including artificial leather, guncotton, smokeless powder, wrapping twine, phonograph records, linoleum, sausage casings, com- position shingles, paper ropes, furniture reed, and soon. We have scarcely begun to find the possible uses for this basic material, some of which can be grown, harvested, processed and finished, with an ease and speed far exceeding the min- ing and smelting of metals. Surrounded with wood, from the cradle to the grave, we should find a place somewhere for all the wood that grows. There are big rewards today for men.who develop new methods to reduce the wood- pile.

Your Car Is As Old As You Make It (Continued from page 65) his health. He gets old before his time. That’s what’s the matter with your car— premature old age. You use this car to ‘all on patients. You start it up and drive a few miles and then it stands until it gets cold again. Evidently you use the choke too much, and that means that oil in the crank case is diluted every little while with a lot of unexploded gasoline that condenses on the cold cylinder walls and gets down where it ought not to be. On top of that, T'll bet a hat you buy oil and gas by the quart anywhere you happen to need it. The rear tires show that you put on the brakes without any regard for the rubber or the brake lining. Fiom the look of the spring shackles, there hasn’t been a speck of grease put in them since the car left the salesroom!” Target do you expect me to do— let the motor run all the time I am calling on a patient, and then squirt oil on every joint before I drive off?” interrupted the doctor sarcastically. “Certainly not, Doctor,’ Gus went on. “T just wanted to point out that you are putting your car up against the hardest kind of service any auto can get, and you haven't given it proper care. Your speed- ometer shows barely five thousand miles. Sanson’s car, here, has gone twice that, but he uses it only on long trips and he takes care of it like a baby.” “Perhaps you're right,’ admitted, “but how did you diagnose the case so quickly? What are the symptoms of this premature old age?” “The process of doping out what is wrong with a the doctor (Continued on page 156)

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Your Car Is As Old As You Make It (Continued from page 154) > car,” Gus answered, “is a whole lot like finding out what is the matter with a human patient when he comes into your office. First thing you do is ask the patient what he does for a living, so’s you can get a line on what’s most likely to be causing the trouble. You said you were a doctor. Then you study the patient’s complexion, feel his pulse, sound out his lungs, and make him hop around. I looked for neglect of lubrication and found it. Then I speeded up the motor, and I could hear a shuffling rattle that indicated pistons worn too loose. There was a dull thump that told me the center main bearing wasn’t as tight as it ought to be, and short-circuiting the spark plugs tells a story of poor compression, leaky valves and loose connecting rods.” e | APOLOGIZE for speaking hastily,” smiled Doctor Holmes. ‘You see, I bought this car after I had used a cheap car for several years. I had had trouble right along, and now I thought if I bought a good car it would give longer service without going to the repair shop so often.” “That’s what a lot of people think, and they’re all wrong,” Gus asserted positive- ly. “A high grade car will last longer than a cheap one only if it receives good care. Neglect sometimes will cause more trou- ble with a good car than with a cheap one, just because the working surfaces on a good car are fitted closer and wear a lot more because they get so hot when the lubrication goes bad.” “Then you would advise a cheap car for my use?” “Not at all, Doctor,” replied Gus. “Only I’d suggest that if you don’t want to do the work of taking good care of your car, you'd better arrange with a reliable service station to go over it once every two weeks or a month and see that it is kept in adjustment and lubricated prop- erly. Of course you can’t expect any car to last forever on the kind of use a doctor has to put it to, but it ought to go ten thousand miles before it gets as bad as it is now after only five thousand. OU can doa lot, too, to cut down the | extra wear caused by so many stops and starts. Use the choke just as little as possible. Throw a blanket over the hood when you are only going to stop for a few minutes, so the motor won’t get stone cold. Let it idle slow a few moments each time you start it up before you throw in the gears and drive off. Putting your brake on more carefully will make the brake linings last thousands. of miles more than’ you got this time. And don’t forget that the best oil you can buy is none too good for a fine gasoline motor. That’s my course of treatment, Doctor!” * All right,” agreed Dr. Holmes meekly. “T’ll leave the car here tonight, and you get it back in shape as soon as pos- sible. Then I'll try to keep it that way.” **Gosh!’’ exclaimed young Sanson, who had been hanging around taking in every word. ‘You sure made the old boy climb off his high horse!’

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NVENTORS your teas Send for our Guide Book, HOW TO GET YOUR PATENT, and Evidence of Invention Blank, sent Free on request. model or sketch and description Me eee SSS SSS SSS Beste = PROTECT Tells POOR e meee meee eee eases eseeeeeeeseseesesee® Why Some of Us Cant) Stand Cats (Continued from page 43) with the goods. “Miller’s asthma» which afflicts workers in flour mills }, been traced directly to flour dust infected with certain microscopic mites; and the same disease has thus been artificial} produced and studied in animals, _ : In all these tests antibodies were pro. duced artificially in the living anima), Are idiosyncrasies, then, absolutely 4 question of individual luck, and does heredity play no part? If tomatoes make your parents violently ill, can you eat them with impunity? N GENERAL, yes. Therearesomecages of inherited idiosyncrasies, but these are usually vague tendencies rather than specific aversions. .No one is born with antibodies. ‘Two American scientists, Drs. R. A. 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<< : A Thirteen- Year-Old Explorer (Continued from page 45) animals had proved the most interesting study of all to him. Eskimos told him pears play tag sliding down icebergs the way boys at home slide down haystacks. The young seals, though water animals, are terrified at the water when they are young. And so on. He described enthu- siastically one successful hunt for bears: “From our schooner, the Morrissey, we captured some young polar bear cubs. They were actually roped by our cowboy, Carl Dunrud. We found them, with their mother, a great polar bear, out on an ice- berg, floating around about twelve miles from shore. I never knew before that polar bears are quite as much at home in the water as they are on land. In fact, the Eskimos say that the bears can swim just as far as they can walk. There are records of their having swum several hundreds of miles. “¥ WAS surprised, too, to learn that blue foxes and white foxes are the same animal. Nobody seems to know why some are blue and some are white. Green- land foxes live by robbing birds’ nests of the eggs. That is one of the reasons why the bird rookeries are down on the sides of cliffs. Birds make their nests where foxes can’t get at them.” David had made some curious discov- eries about the northern sea animals, too. The narwhal, for instance, has two tusks, though only one of them grows, this one being sometimes as long as twelve to fourteen feet; and a walrus has two tusks which he uses to dig up clams from the bottom for food. But a seal has no tusks, nor has the white whale, both being very peaceful animals. He told how many sea birds, such as gulls, suks and ducks, breed in the far North; how every year a num- ber of these birds are born mentally defi- cient and lack that touch of instinct which makes their brothers fly South | when the dark Arctic winter comes on. “PAHE more I think of it,’”? David ex- claimed, “‘the more I realize how much a real naturalist gets out of life. The world is a wonderland of strange things. house and watch the way the bees work, or to watch birds building a nest on a swaying branch of a tree. That is really aharder job in architecture and construc- tion than for trained men to build a big building.”

oad weeks ago Dr. W. F. Foshag of the Smithsonian Institution was ex- ploring a silver mine in Durango, North- ern Mexico when he was startled by a se- | ties of sharp explosions that ripped great brandite.

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2 enyper er ne LETTERING learn at Home Here is the very course you need if you want to get a good paying position as a Show Card Letterer or Sign Letterer, or have a business of your own. This course is complete and practical and especially arranged to meet the needs of the student who studies at home. It was written by E. L. Koller, Principal of the School of Art of’ the International Correspon- dence Schools, member of. the American Federation of Arts, and The National Society of Craftsmen. Mr. Koller has had twenty years’ teaching experi- ence, and his success in helping other men and women is an indication of what he can do for you. H. L..Wood, a clerk, made more than $700 “on the side’ before he had completed his course and also won $125 in prizes. Harry William Lord writes that he has more than doubled his salary as a result of studying this I. C. S. course in spare time. Wiliiam itman, a former wagon builder, now has a - ponies business of his own and is earning nearly three times as much as he did before enrolling with the International Correspondence Schools. There is no doubt that Show Card Lettering and Sign Lettering offer a real qpasttenty to ambitious men and women. Just mark and mail the coupon and we'll gladly send you a booklet telling all about the I S. course in Show Card Lettering, or any other subject in which you are interested. INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS Box 7627-E, Scranton, Penna. Witbout cost or obligation on my part, please send me one of your booklets and tell me how I can qualify for the position or in the subject before which I have marked an X: OOSHOW CARD LETTERING DOO ILLUSTRATING 0 CARTOONING Business Management OD Advertising Business Law CL Better Letters Banking and Banking Law OStenography and Typing Accountancy (including C.P.A.)[) Business English Nicholson Cost Accounting Civil Service ooo0o000o0o0- keeping. Railway Mail Clerk Private Secretary Common School Subjects |Salesmanship High School Subjects TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL COURSES Electrical Engineering Surveying and Mapping Electric Lighting Architect Mechanical Engineer Architects’ Blueprints Mechanical Draftsman Contractor and Builder Machine Shop Practice Architectural Draftsman Railroad Positions i Structural Engineer QO O Gas Engine Operating Chemistry () Pharmacy Dooooo0ooo Civil Engineer Automobiles Steam Engineering DJ Radio Mathematics Nacae.......... Teet EE ae ae a ee eT Ie Te TN ee eo ae Canadians may send this coupon to International Corre- apondence Schools Canadian, Limited, Montreal, Canada The Poultry Business PAYS BIG Those who know how find it easy to | make incomes of $3,000 a year and more even on very small acreage. There is big money in poultry if you follow the right plan. Start as small as you like—grow fast. BOOK Book, “How to Raise Poultry for Profit,” by Harry Lamon, former Government Poultry Expert, tells all about his course. Shows you how to get started how to succeed. Positively guaranteed methods. Send for your copy TODAY. National Poultry “fnstitute Dept. 413, Washington, D. C. Succe: if you follow his MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION Here Are Correct Answers to Questions on Page 52 1. It is California, which is rather sur- prising, inasmuch as California is neither an important industrial state nor a state well provided with rainfall. There are two reasons why water power has been developed so much. One is that California is mountainous and possesses many streams that haye either water- falls or long rapids. The second reason for California’s water power supremacy is the fact that coal is not found in the state and con- sequently fuel for power plants was formerly very expensive. 2. InOklahomaand in Texas. The Govern- ment has installed plants there to extract from natural gas the small percentage of helium that this gas contains. The helium is used to float great airships. 3. In the temperate parts of the earth a degree of longitude is some sixty miles long. But the imaginary lines or meridians that mark the degrees of longitude draw closer together as they approach the two poles. They meet at the pole itself. If you were standing a few feet away from the pole, you could walk around the whole 360 degrees of longitude in a few minutes. 4. In spite of the high degree of civiliza- tion of the Aztecs and Mayas, these races never invented the wheel or anything ap- proaching it. Accordingly, their methods of transportation were extremely primitive. 5. The Bermuda Islands are composed of coral rock, which constitutes the only local building material in the islands and can be cut and sawed easily with steel tools. 6. This name is given to nuts of two varieties of palm trees that grow in great pro- fusion in the northern part of South America, especially in Colombia. When the nut is young it contains a milky fluid, not unlike the milk of coconuts. With maturity, this fluid becomes hard and tough and constitutes quite a satisfactory substitute for ivory. 7. Probably the town of Grimsby on the east coast of England. Its chief rival as a fishing port is Boston, Mass. 8. Tuaregs, who live on the northern fringe of the Sahara Desert, south of the French settlements in Algeria and Tunisia. This curious tribe is beginning to abandon its ancient customs of isolation, but until very recent years no man ever permitted his face to seen, except in the privacy of his own family. that after death the soul was compelled to make a long journey in order to reach the promised happiness of Paradise. On this journey food was necessary. Accordingly, dried and preserved meats, jars of oil, and similar foodstuffs often were buried with the body in the Egyptian tombs. 10. This honor is usually given to the Taj Mahal, at Agra, India, near Delhi. This wonderful building, consisting of a central dome surrounded by four minaretlike towers, was built by the emperor Shah Jehan as a tomb and memorial for his wife. 11. The coconut, which is the fruit of a species of palm tree that grows in tropical countries all over the world, but especially on the islands of the South Seas. 12. This description applies reasonably well to the fluid inside the coconut. Of course, this fluid is not exactly the same as animal milk, but it has many of the same oe pay and is almost equally valuable for “« If he is as good as his i ‘ ‘ sia of a man I want Fahne ming. be, fg, the kind Good Penmanship wins every time. New Opportunit; promotions, bigger pay, success,—all follow where ties, manship paves the way. Den- You Can Write Well The Tam} No matter how poorly you write now or what work are following, you make immediate improvement you TAMBLYN instruction. Twenty years of Tamb experience brings success to you. lyn Start At Once — Success Soon Follows No long tedious course. This new way is easy Quick pleasant. Get into the Big Pay class. We show you a Get This FREE Book Today! "™ Tells how easy the TAMBLYN METHOD works, 32 pages of most interesting facts. in Your name elegantly writte ; enclose 2c stamp. nennentnne Send your name and address to F. W. TAMBLYN, 437 Ridge Bldg, lyn Way Kansas City, Mo, ? [> Folf— -4 | SDOAOWKL F1 Vz 9. The religion of ancient Egypt taught [ FREE =: l} HAWAIIAN | GUITAR 7 GUITAR | and Case VIVES aE) the HEM ies instrum PA Fs A - 3 ie Play in Half Hour After you get the four Even if you don’t know easy motions you Diy one note from another, hi jous chords wi' ted lessons very little practice. No and the clear pictures edge necessary. quickly. Payas youplay. Free Guitar ate ¥ — at Once ref. Quittdacaasine, Sanh Grat>_ Ue besatfr wefan Gla 4 ri or furnished. No = terms. A postcard will do. ‘sh ‘enor Bai Violin, Tiple, Tenor Guitar, Ukulele, courses) Bante Wiaiele - ‘under well-known instructors, FIRST HAWANAN CONSERVATORY of MUSIC, Inc. 9th Floor, Woolworth Bidg., Dept. 146 New York, N.Y, Approved the Laws @ nd Senool wide F the State ‘of New. York Write today for this new book. It tells you how \ alaw training will shorten your to suce cess. It also carries a vital and inspiring mes- sage to every ambitious man. Find out about the rtunities that await the law trained man, Find out how you can learn law right in own home. Noobligations. The eee absolutely’ Write Today—pecia redgced talent rican rrespondenice ¢ ‘hoo! Law: 3601 Michigan Ave. Dept. 1363, Chicago, @, Forest Rangers Men wanting Forest Ranger, Railway Mail Clerk, Special Agent, and other gov- ernment positions, $1500 to $4500 a year. Write for free particulars and list of positions. MOKANE, Dept. 218, Denver, Colo. SIGNS and SHOW CARD MADE EASY To produce really good signs, cards, and lettering work, all you have do is trace around the Letter Pat- tern and then fillin tracing. Any- one can do it. Sizes and styles for all practical uses. Write for free samples. : JOHN F. RAHN, D2120, Neva Ave., Chicago, Ii PAINTING a ee es a | > ty an eae, eet Or

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ea rk |l> FE Et Hi ii i March, 1927 Strangest Factory in the World (Continued from page 59) ‘1g, In this machine a piece of first-rate sole leather will lose two ounces in weight in two hours. That is the equivalent of about three months’ ordinary wear. How do we know that? Because the speed with which our machine wears out leather from every part of the hide has been com- pared with the speed with which police- men, mail carriers, soldiers and others wear out the same leather in daily use. In our rubber laboratory we test your automobile tires by revolving them against metal drums operated by big electric motors. These drums are about three feet in diameter with tread about eight inches in width. Attached to the tread are metal cleats or knuckles, which correspond to road bumps. THE tire is brought against the drum “4 under pressure which corresponds to the weight that the tire carries in service —eight hundred pounds or so. Under these conditions, running at a speed of thirty miles an hour, the tire tells its own story. A poor tire may blow out after it has run eight hundred miles. Other tires will stand up for twelve hundred and fifty miles on the drum. This we have found to be the equivalent of between eight and ten thousand miles in ordinary service. When an automobile equipped for one of our road performance tests drives away from the Bureau, it certainly is a curious sight. On one side sticks out an apparatus that looks more or less like a smokestack. In the seat beside the driver, in the ton- neau, and attached to the engine are nu- merous mechanical devices which record everything that happens during the run— the acceleration, the speed, wind speed, the pressure in the manifold, tempera- ture of the water outlet, of the oil, car- buretor, air, transmission, lubricant, fuel, and even the weight of the air used by the engine—in all, sixteen items of per- formance, each of which is vital to the car’s efficiency. Tests of this kind have brought to light facts as surprising to automobile manu- facturers as they were to us. OR example, how much of the energy in your gasoline tank do you think actually gets to the rear wheels to push your car over the road? Between fifieen and twenty percent, these tests have shown. The rest is used in overcoming wind re- sistance and the internal friction of engine, transmission, and bearings. Again—you would probably guess, off- hand, that an open car offers less wind resistance than a closed car. The reverse is true. Most drivers seem to think that from the point of view of gasoline consumption the most economical speed is a fairly high one. Owing, however, to the great in- crease in wind resistance at the higher speeds, you actually get the most miles per gallon of fuel when running between fifteen and twenty miles an hour, accord- Ing to these tests. For least wind resistance and hence economy in operation, the average person would say acar (Continued on page 162) MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION 161 TheseReal Blue Prints ‘:.x? SENT FREE Ttysesesess TTRRRRERERRRRKRNY Just mail the | coupon below! Send no money? Every builder can get these real blue print plans and our book “How To Read Blue Prints” without sending us a penny. Just send the coupon. Lots of valuable and interesting informa- tion—all free. Yes, and we'll send along another book on building; it tells why “the big money goes to the man who knows.” It explains the practical Chicago Tech. easy method of home- training for men in the building trades. Learn how to get the jobs that pay most money or how to get into your own business as a building contractor. Plan Reading—Estimating—Superintending, etc. Trin at MAKE MORE MONEY “2, Sctectine Home to Learn how to read plans, lay out work and run jobs. Your spare time is enough. Wherever you may be—whatever your job—we can help you quickly to fill a higher place and have a bigger income. Age does not matter. Previous school training is not needed. This is a practical course for practical men, prepared by practical instructors who have been through every branch of the building game themselves. You owe it to yourself to find out how to make more money. Mail the Coupon—NOW To Builders Living in or Near Chicago Visit our Day or Evening School for Build- ers and see with your own eyes the work we do. 1000 builders attend each year. You can get the same training at home. Same lessons—same blue prints—same practical instructors—same successful results. - Get the Facts sesssseust ~ Dept. C-150, 118 East 26th Street, Chicago, Ill. Please send me without obligation, Free and Postpaid, your two Books and Blue: Prints for- Builders. It is understood that no salesman will call on me. (Please Write or Print Name Clearly) Find out how little time it takes to make more money—much more money—in building. Write today. Ee ee a nF EE Ae E wa Fae The coupon brings all Free. mg O82 OO RLS SE Sve. Ogee ae eee = i MMOS 55s o's ie bh wa racinces senate MiarebaprenCaeetren Chicago Technical P§ : BE RN wid sic sa a eae State... tisyattest SCHOOL for BUILDERS Fam hit ae CHROME So acc ocacis ces on cadcuaeana Dept JC-150, 118 East 26th Street, Chicago, Ill. Make More Mone Travel on “Uncle Sam’s” Payroll - RAILWAY POSTAL CLERKS Read the Money Making Opportunities on pages 134 to 166 of this issue. 2 COUPON=> ,¢° FRANKLIN INSTITUTE, MAIL CARRIERS oe: Coachi: ¢ describing $1700 to $3000 Year @° opm to men and woes Many U. S. Government Jobs Obtainabie o anata hatte MEN—RBOYS. 17 UP SHOULD MalIL coupon o” ’ IMMEDIATELY cal Steady Work. No Layoffs. Paid Vacations.

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School ai Hoo ™ — HIGH SCHOOL COURSE IN TWO YEARS YOU ARE BADLY if you tack HAMDECAPPED You cannot attain business or social prominence. You are barred from. a successful business career, from the leading professions, from well- paid civil service jobs, from teaching and college entrance. In fact, em- ically all worth-while positions demand High School train- ing. You can’t hope to succeed in the face of this handicap. But you can remove it. Let the American High School training. FIT YOURSELF FOR A BIG FUTURE This course, which has been prepared by some of America’s leading professors, will broaden your mind, and make you keen, alert and capable. It is com- plete, simplified and up-to-date. It covers all subjects given in a resident school and meets all requirements of a High School training. From the first lesson to the last you are care- | fully examined and coached. USE SPARE TIMEONLY Most people édle away fifty hours a week, Probably you do. Use only one-fifth of your wasted hours for study and you can remove your present handicap within two years. You will enjoy the lessons and the knowledge you will gain will well repay the time spent in study. Check and mail the coupon NOW for full particulars and Free Bulletin, American School Dept. H-375, Drexel Ave. and S8th $?., Chicade SS Se Sk A AM A A A A A a A Se American School Drexel Ave. & 58th St., Chicago full information checked, oo RecA sr tenn een ag nery

ee ee ee eee MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION |

| resistance!

i Strangest Factory in the World (Continued from page 161) should be pointed at the front to “cut” | the wind as a motor boat cuts the water. | Our tests, however, indicate that when cars are designed for efficiency in this | respect, they will have the bulge at the | front. We have a wind tunnel here at the Bureau which cost a hundred thou- sand dollars to build. Winds—breezes or hurricanes—are created in it by means of a five hundred horsepower motor and a four-bladed airplane pro- peller. Models of automobiles have been tested in the tunnel for wind resistance.. We have found that to give least wind resistance the automobile should follow the general outlines of the raindrop, nature’s most perfect specimen of stream- lining. The pear, the whale, the buzzard’s wing are other examples of nature’s streamlining which man will imitate when he wants maximum speed at lowest cost. S:THE result of a wind tunnel experi- ment with one famous high-powered car, it was found that this car, when running at sixty miles an hour, uses thirty horsepower solely to overcome wind Have you noticed that in recent years the brake linings you buy last much longer than formerly? Also, that the use of fabric tires has greatly diminished, with a resulting saving of about a hundred million dollars in gasoline consumption? You can attribute both of these develop- ments to Bureau of Standards tests. Visiting the Bureau, you would find a new marvel wherever you turned your eyes. In a china shop, porcelain making is studied, American clays are improved, and new glazes developed, their recipes being given to American manufacturers. There is a famous stucco test building, built of fifty different brands of stucco, all exposed to the elements for tests in which the fittest survive. And there are laboratories where physicists are studying how soundproof walls can be built of the lightest possible materials, and where others are studying the qualities of lime, plaster and cement. — you see an engineer engaged in formulating a safety code for flooring and pavements. He is construct- ing a machine which will measure the slipping properties of marble, cement, linoleum and similar substances. Again, you see aircraft engines under test in an air-tight “altitude laboratory.”’ You see electric lamps and dry batteries under- going a “life test” at “forced voltage.” Watches are tested hot and cold; with stem up, down and side; face up and down—to duplicate the conditions of service. Tableware is roughly handled to determine its resistance to breakage when dropped. To determine their resistance to surface scratching, dishes are subjected to the wear of a falling column of sand. Most of us dislike to handle worn or torn paper money. The thing that wears out paper money fastest is folding it. Recently the Government gave the

Bureau the prob- (Continued on page —) |

<@y LEARN TO a Sy ea I ure CAR TLL TEACH Yo {to draw comic faces like these in 15 minutes! Send me your name, address and age, and let m you a Test Lesson Chart which will teagh you ae ual draw comic faces. Whether yeu bye you hen talent or not, make this interesting tes I want to show you that with the aia re ‘my Maar ate Chart Method of teaching original drawing (tully copyrighted and used exclusively by this Schoel), can learn this most fascinating and unusually profitadls profession—and earn money while you're learning. No other school has turned out so many nationally famous cartoon- ists. With the Test Lesson Chart, I will send you their names, samples of their work and facts about eartooning which will show the possibilities for YOU Please enclose 6c in stamps for post- age. C. N. Landon, Director THE LANDON SCHOOL “23,Nstionat Bas, Wanted—Cartoonists! Increasing demand for cartoonists cannot be filled. Get in on the big money by } the Manuel Rosenberg way thro ANUEL ROSENBERG COURSE. IN CARTOONING—based on fifteen years’ a perience as cartoonist on Scripps-Howard and other newspapers. Most complete and lowes riced Course teaching drawing hp ng—100 big illustrated lessons posi -00—or only five cents a lesson. oes Eee or Peadoae a a wis Send por Te y postman Manuel Rosenberg, Room 4, Artists Bids. Eincinnat, Oe PA! ~ is How CARDS

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Many earn $3,000 to $10,000 a year. re quickly are tim ime. ‘Re Sain whe you learn, lew eas thin; once for free book, ties repen now, Photosraphy™ and fut gh ; CAN SCHOOL OF PHOTOGRAPHY eit. Mi5es, 3601 Michigan Ave., Chicago, U.S.A 2000 IN 3 MONTHS 88¢ profit on $1 order. Sold by mail 2000 orders in 3 months. Let me send ‘taza free all ads and letters and tell you ow I did it. QUINCY CO., 78 QUINCY BLDG., CHICAGO, ILL. Wrestling B Book FREE Learn to gear eae ia

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Page 167

MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION 163 aid (| Last Night Iplayed for the Radio (Continued from page 162) f : Only a Few Months Ago I Was Just a , : —" “Listener-In”— but Last Night The of improving the paper. It was dis- t bey vered that the fibers of which this Broadcast Me-the Thrill of My Life! , a HE real opportunity finally came after I had | d r is made were cut too fine. This and tae by ear. I played each piece without iaueopae other changes resulted in paper money + Re : lar songs with their moaning, soulful strains of jazz. ; : . » . \-\e Scheduled on the program from 8 to 8:30, how I did hich has double the wearing quality of |! ie at = wy that big hand tick off the minutes and when 8 o'clock pn the old paper. You can see at the Bureau - " Wee with nerves tense, I stepped briskly to the piano and listen an automatic device that aided in this N ae ee ree GF : —_ > en development. It folds paper back and ; thought of the thousands who where going to | es me. forth very rapidly, duplicating in a few . sean . aed Ais oe. ioteodasion, I canpt ba play and es full half - ° our entertained my listeners—thousands of them—and told how I had learned to play the piano by ear. All minutes the actual wear given by months during that performance the telephone was ringing and ringing—people phoning that I play their favorite of service. airs. The next day hundreds of letters poured in, complimenting me on my program and asking when Do we face a shortage of motor fuel? I would broadcast again and how they, too, could learn to play the piano dy ear. - ; 4a miracle? No. If you can just hum a tune and have the urge to play, you may do the same. I never had We know that alcohol can be made time or patience to learn by the old fashioned note method—it takes years and lots of money. The Niagara from sugar. If the time comes when we Method dy ear teaches you how ta become a master of Jazz, Syncopation and melody. yant alcohol for fuel, from what sources It is So Simple—Learning is Real Fun. Nothing hard or tedious. You follow y f ° é the easily understood instructions and might the sugar for its manufacture be soon actually learn to play in your spare time AT HOME—the easier pieces at first—and then the “‘blues’’ derived? So far our experimenters have and jazz. No tiresome scales—no arpeggios—no weary —— found that the most promising sugar for hours of practice—no teacher at yout back, making you fad Free Book

u “ ; nervous and irritable. The Niagara Method is the short this purpose is levulose, which can be cut to piano mastery. obtained from artichokes. You Learn PIANO by Ear NIAGARA SCHOOL OF MUSIC p F Even if you have never played a note—in three months 151 N OT long ago, in this same laboratory, you may become a Jazz Master—but don’t put it off. Make ee ee eee b sega y 4 s ; sng: Without obligation mail me your book ‘‘The an experimenter incident to his your resolution now and to-day write for the “Niagara Niagara Secret.”’ I enclose 10e for book ‘‘How ; . : Secret.”’ It’s free. Enclose 10c (coin or stamps) and you to entertain at the Piano.” other work, discovered a means by which will also receive the book “Howto Entertain at the Piano.” dextrose—sugar from corn—can be gran- N iA . A RA Ss C HO OL OF MUSIC ia vated. A substance of this kind had iagara Schoo g-, Niagara Falls, N. Y. treet Jong been wanted by makers of condensed RONALD G. WRIGHT, Director City State milk, ad cream = — products. The discovery made at the Bureau was eediately communicated to the manu- y 500 D R AW I N G $798 facturers of corn products. _— COURSE for For years the makers of cotton seed oil Haven’t you often wished that you could had been trying to bring their product Sheetal ex: Siteeteae ace. nile draw cartoons, illustrate | some idea, sketch into general use as a cooking and salad Chance! No Experience Necessary these things. "One of ‘America's most fa ° : ; et Palmer make you a snap it mous Cartoonists and Illustrators ha oil. They canned it, placed it on the FREE. Scores of men earn $12.00 : developed @ great, simple system for shelves of retail dealers, but, after a short to $18.00 or more daily showing it to success in all branches of Commer- ‘ lig : friends. Success, prosperity, pay , cial Art. This system has revolu- time, it inevitably turned yellow and be- every day. Bigger variety, sinarter tlonized the entire theory of d ° ° styles, superior workmanship an ng. means that drawing can came rancid. P. eople wouldn’t buy it. y ~~ ow \ y on )@\ ) 43 \ (2) ) ay. S (0) \ ding materials. bm NOD ££ CS. (ea Ee _

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MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION Friends — Gain that magnetic popularity that makes you the center of any crowd. Business and social success is assured the man who can perform mystifying tricks. You can earn big money either © on the side or as a professional, as well as being the most popular per- son in your crowd. Why envy others’ skill? You can learn Magic yourself, quick and easy. Earn Up to $1000 a Month Evensleight-of-hand, generally su quire long practice, is NOW made simple to learn. For Dr. Harlan Tarbell, one of the really Great Magicians, has finally opened up the secrets of his profession in a completely illustrated course offered at a merely nominal cost. the wonderful Tarbell System ou will be abl So muystity A. entertain your s with sim s taught in your v first lesson. After that Dr. a Tarbell takes you through the entire maze of sleight- of-hand, card tricks and elaborate stage diver- tisements. The apparently superhuman doings of the accomplished magician becomes as simple as when you just know how. Mail Coupon to re- ity to learn Magic. The brings full Geraile without any obligation, Mail it TODAY. Tarbell System. Inc. 1926 Sunnyside Ave., Studio.13-63 Chicago PwTTItTTititit ttt ttt Tarbell Inc. 1926 Sunnyside Ave., Studio 13-63 Chicago Tell meall about Dr. Tarbell’s new and simple system which I can learn the secrets of MAGIC, No ion on my part. Name. Address. ERS Age. Our Earth’s Changing Face (Continued from page 61) of the moon it sticks its head into a coral reef inthe Pacific, and lets its tail fall off into the water. The tail bursts and fills the water with germ cells which develop into larvae and then into mature worms. Meantime the parent worms, stuck head first in the coral, grow new tails! Probably the oddest of all birds is the hoatzin found in British Guiana, a direct descendant of the arboreal reptiles of pre- historic times. As Professor Thomson tells us, it climbs trees with a thumb and forefinger and is a living link between reptiles and birds. “Effect of Dry Cleaning on Silks”’ Bureau of Standards, Dept. of Commerce pelle expose silk to the sun any more than you can help and don’t be afraid to dry-clean it for fear it will “go to pieces.”” Such are the recommenda- tions made following a series of Govern- ment experiments to find out what hap- pens to silks when they are dry cleaned. The average silk garment should stand up under ordinary circumstances for two and a half months at least, so far as being weather beaten is concerned, the experi- ments showed. But when the sun beats down on it, the silk loses in 100 hours about twenty-five percent of its strength if unweighted with tin and fifty to seven- ty-five percent if weighted. Perspiration takes its toll also, and increases the loss to thirty-five percent for unweighted and sixty-five to 100 for weighted silk. If a silk garment comes back from the dry cleaner torn or with holes, that may not be due to the substances used in cleaning it, we learn, but to concealed corrosion. Other New Publications A Problem in Boat Making; by Ray- mond M. Bealer. The Manual Arts Press. A fascinating booklet describing how to ‘build a trim and graceful twenty-four- inch model sloop, Marconi rig, in such manner that a boy twelve to fourteen years can easily do it. Illustrated with photographs and diagrams. A Bipolar Theory of Living Processes; by George W. Crile. The Macmillan Com- pany. More and more scientists lean toward the theory that electricity is the great life force. This book would prove that man and animals are bipolar mech- anisms, are driven by electricity and were originally created by electrical forces, which forces within the protoplasm dis- tinguish living from nonliving. The author has- been conducting researches and experiments along this line since 1898. Starlight,.by Harlow Shapley, Director of the Harvard Observatory. Published by George H. Doran Company. Gives an interesting summary of the compara- tively new planetesimal theory of the creation which some astronomers think supersedes the older nebular hypothesis. The theory is that our earth was started by a rumpus in the solar system caused when a star got too near the sun about 300,000,000 years ago. ene ectric at your finger ends the facts in Electricity. They mean mor money and better position for you. Hawki uideg tell you all you need to know about Electricity, : Every important electrical subject covered so you can understand it. Easy to study and apply, Acom oo a a, = 10 volumes, 00! re poc' s exible covers. Order to-day to louk over. , a 7 HAWKINS GUIDES 4700 PICTURES $1 ‘A MONTH These books tell you all about — Magnetism — Induction — Experiments — Dynamos— Electric Machinery — Motors —Armatures = ‘Armature Windings — Installing of Dynamos— Electrical Instra- ment Testing—Practical Management of Dynamos and Motors--Distribution Systems-Wiring-Wiring Di —Sign Flashers—Storage Batteries— rincipies of Alters nating Currents and Alternators—Alternating Current Motors—Transformers—Converters — Rectifiers—Alter- nating Current Systems—Circuit Breakers—M Instruments—Switch Boards—Wiring—Power Stations —Installing —Telephone—Telegraph —Wireless—Bells— Lighting—Railways. Also many Modern Practical Applis cations of Electricity and Ready Reference Index. SHIPPED TO YOU FREE Notacent to pay until you see the books. Noobligation coder unless you aresatisfied. Send Coupon now— —and get this great help library and see if it is not $100 to you—pay $1.00 a month forten monthsor returnit, THEO. 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MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION

“Answers to the Sam Loyd Tests on Page 64 The Puzzling Address ted into Roman numerals, the first Roe MLE DIX (Emily Dix). The ~ viewed from the rebus standpoint, is W (in) chester. The third is Tennessee. So the letter should go to Emily Dix, Winchester, Tennessee. you solved this in ten minutes, ou earned a good rating in resourcefulness and quickness at following clews. The Greek Cross The diagram indi- cates the method of converting the cross intoarectangle, twice as long as wide, through rearrange- ment of three parts. Ten minutes gives you a high rating in visual analysis.

‘“‘“How Old Is Daddy?’’ Daddy must have been 36, mother 32 and the son 8—making a total of 76. You should have solved this in four minutes to prove your math- ematical skill. The Missing Words The sentence is made complete by inserting in the first blank space the word “‘initiate.” In the second space are then placed the four words “in it I ate.” Nine minutes to work this out gives a good rating. The Sign of the Monad The diagram shows the Monad sign di- vided into two light and two dark sec- tions, all four of the same shape and size. Six minutes proves you have a well-developed sense of form.

A Poser for the Cashier The merchant received for his $200 check five ones, fifty twos, and nineteen fives. Four minutes of mental gymnastics should have solved this for you. How Women Shop The gingham cost 60 cents a yard, the voile 90 cents, so Mrs. Smith received ten yards of each for $15. This is a ten-minute exercise for one who works with facility at figures.

France to Get Big Observatory NE of the world’s largest astronomical observatories, according to an an- nouncement from Paris, is to be built on Saléve Mountain, on French territory, but near Geneva, Switzerland,’ by an American resident of France. A number of lenses to be used are now being ground in Paris. The largest is said to be fifty- eight inches.

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I need YOU with 100 firms BEGGING ME to send them more DRAFTSMEN. Many offer to take BEGINNERS, at $50 a WEEK. Many Graduates start at $90 and $100! GET BUSY! Drafting is the BIG field, men. Every in- dustry you can name BEGINS with the draftsman. Without mechanical drawings —by the thousands—every shop in the land would be STOPPED. In fact, it is the SERIOUS SHORTAGE of draftsmen that brings this offer: IJ will Surnish all instruments, supplies, even to the table, to those who start now: PAY AS YOU GO Do" sive me the ex- cuse that you have no ready money for this golden opportunity. I am not so interested in cash; I want your application. I want at least 200 men to start right now. I want them ready to recommend by Spring! We will get a flood of letters saying “‘send us tsmen,”’ from every sort of industrial and engineering concern, and we must make The first week’s pay envelope of many a Dobe-trained draftsman has held enough to cover the entire cost of the course! Most students learn evenings, keeping on with their old work until ready to step into some- body’s drafting room. The first month oman yos to take on simple drafting jobs y side. It hel learn; I permit this. sles Well-Paid Positions Every Way You Turn A draftsman soon forgets the days when he used to wonder where to get a job.. In- stead, he asks ‘“‘What line of work interests me most?”’ And ‘‘What part of the country suits me best?’” Twenty of my graduates went to Florida this year; t my 4 |

Japan; last month one wrote me from Ceylon. And I wish we had the count of many Dobe draftsmen have become almost as soon as you Dobe class! We receive requests daily for junior men—for men only rough our course. “‘We’ll take a inner,’’ some concerns write us, “so long as he is 2 man and has right! begun IT’S EASY and interesting to learn 5 drafting. For draftin, isn’t “‘drawing!’” You don’t need anv “talent.”” A draftsman uses fools for every line and om | curve. You couldn’t make crooked if you

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MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION

of This Issue Editorial—Striking New Features SPERMINE. 5... oo cece csc cewss NO Sree By Edgar C. Wheeler Ne ee By Hawthorne Daniel Forty Thousand People within Four a chcs Ws 5 5 By Alfred P. Lane Hints for Radio Beginners........ Why Some of Us Can’t Stand Cats By Peter Vischer Thirteen Years Old—a Veteran Ex- By Fitzhugh Green New Ways Science Is Serving Us. . Practical Novelties Devised by In- genious Folk:........:........ New Fire Apparatus Clears Build- ee Serre eee reer Electric Motor Now Pulls the NEM os ais a whe Sues wack ec Jersey Bridge an Engineering i ie ie iad World’s Largest Dome Tops Indiana Oia od ony & 6 eae San Juan Hill Monument in the edna ce 6 a4 sees © Convertible “Tank Auto”’..... Seven-Yard Craft Folds to Knap- a By M. K. Wisehart New Crime Detector Betrays Heart- beats and Skin Changes........ Another of Our Prize Contests!.. . . Our Earth’s Changing Face....... By Thomas M. Johnson Handy New Aids for the House- SRE ee ee sh cnied! cals b Ga s toes How Fast Can Your Mind Work?. Your Car Is As Old As You Make By Martin Bunn Eight Useful Tips for Your Car... Home Workshop.................. Better Shop Methods.............. And More Than Two Hundred Other Articles and Pictures CONTENTS mm 29 14 18 20 23 26 27 29 30 33 37 38 40 42 43 44 46 48 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 60 60 61 62 64 66 69 76

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Amazing new method teaches men or — women to learn after first lesson, OIL PA photos at home—portraits, landscapes oF subiects. Earn up to $100 and more @ OIL PAINT OUTFIT GIVEN. Graduates furnis employment. Send now for free illustrated book. PICTORIAL ART STUDIOS, Inc., Dept. A. P. 2926 Broadway, Chica; LEARN PHOTO-ENGRAVING! _ Earn up to $500 monthly. Photography and Photo graving taught by largest college of its kind. Estab 1893. Big demand for graduates. Write for free book Ilinois College of Photography, Box 337-A, Effin; LEARN PHOTOGRAPHY! Earn up to $500 monthly. Or start your own bust Photography and Photo-Engraving taught hy college of its kind in world. Established 1893. Big mand for graduates. Write tor free book. Pe iMineis College of Photography, Box 337, Effingham, ™