Popular Science Monthly 1927-02: Vol 110 Iss 2

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J i Ve ail “4 if yy SNDER STORIES of DISCOVERY and INVENTION USEFOL IDEAS for HOUSE, CAR, RADIO and WORKSHOP BYopuilan PES Cenc 4» YY Monthly “3 REMINGTON ee POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, PUBLISHED AT 250 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY SUMNER N. BLOSSOM, Editor February, 1927 Blowing Out the M. M. Kinley, of Tulsa, Okla., whose exploits at extin- cc - - guishing oil well so blazes make a stran- ger-than-fiction tale of modern romance FIERCE plume of orange flame, roaring and sputtering, waves against the black sky. Rising from an open field, it shoots higher than a ten-story building. A churning mountain of smoke rolls and heaves toward the horizon. An Oklahoma oil gusher is afire. Weird, flickering reflections light many acres around. Far back from the blaze, but with the glare bright in their faces, a crowd of spectators and workmen stand, held at bay by the scorching heat. They watch intently. Inside the deadline, close to the flame, a figure is moving. It is a man clad in white, a spectral form, seeming to hover almost at the foot of the column of fire amid the smoking, glowing débris of what was once a ninety-foot derrick. Finally the figure turns and comes toward the crowd. Its hands and feet, encased in white, look grotesquely large. Heav- ily hooded, its face is invisible, except through a small trans- parent aperture for the eyes. Workmen gather around. The hood is lifted off, and a man stands there, red and perspiring. He is M. M. Kinley, of Tulsa, en- gaged at his regular business of extinguish- ing oil and gas well fires. He has put out more than three dozen by a spectacular method. He blows them out. The trick is that instead of blowing with his lungs, he uses 2 blast of gelatinized nitro- glycerin. There is a brief conference, a scurrying of workmen, the cry of ‘Get back, now! Get back, everybody!” They draw away. The white hood is in place again. It is asbestos. So is the whole garment from the shoe soles up, all except the eye slot, which is mica. Glass would crack from the heat. Kinley is going back toward the well. The crowd holds its breath. It is like watching a deep-sea diver going up to a voleano. This time he is carrying with him an asbestos-covered shell, containing /iggest Gas JETS | in the World. How the Strange Firemen of the Oil Fields Do Ther Jobs with Deadly Explosives By JESSE F. GELDERS just fifteen quarts of his high explosive. He works quickly. The shell is sus- pended near ithe well, below the base of the blaze. He hurries away. “Get back—everybody!” At asafe distance, he grasps an electric switch. The plunger goes down. There is a violent blast. The column of oil is split-in two as with a knife. High in the air, the jolted flames linger for a moment, but before they are reached by the new stream, spouting up from the well, they are dead, like a candle puffed out by a giant. Ce fire fighters, using explosives, frequently employ a method which does not require a personal approach to the flames. A well was ablaze in Louisiana. The men engaged to extinguish it erected an upright post some distance away. From this mooring, they laid a cable in a sort of elongated half circle around the well, keeping away from the worst of the heat. The blaze was in a direct line between the two ends of the cable. They attached a nitroglycerin shell in the middle. Then they pulled the cable taut, and the shell swung into place over the well. Simul- taneously, it was detonated by electricity. 11 5 f \ i

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12 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY February, 1927. Kinley has sometimes used sim- ilar devices, drawing the charges into position by wires. Wherever possible, however, he prefers to carry them by hand. It is more accurate, he thinks, and lessens the chances of a slip during the me- chanical maneuvering. “Suppose, for instance, your wires burn? Suppose the shell falls, or goes off in the wrong place?” Occasionally, he relates, the first explosion fails to extinguish the blaze, and it is necessary to try again with a heavier charge. But judgment, gained by experi- ence, has greatly minimized these instances. Styreapep describes his approach to a well: “T go up with the wind at my back. One of the greatest menaces is the sudden gust from the opposite direction, which whips. the flames ~ +" Next Month! If you have ever felt the lure of adventure, you will want to read ‘BARE HANDS” A Fascinating Novel of the Far North by HAWTHORNE DANIEL which ‘begins in our March issue, on your news stand February 10 As he recalls it, the process was de. veloped by accident. “A big well was on fire in the Taft field in California, in 194, Nobody had been able to put it out, They decided to try to cave in the ground around the hole and choke it up, so as to stop the flow. My father, I, and a couple of other men were on the job. “WE PLANTED a charge of explosives pretty near the well, then cleared back out of the flew. The well went right on roar- ing; the flow wasn’t even slack- ened. But the fire was out! “Just that instant of explosion was enough to separate the blaze from its fuel. Accidentally, we had discovered a brand-new way to blow out oil fires.” At the present time perhaps a half dozen men are using the blast- ing method regularly, besides vari- around you. Sometimes I have them play a stream of water on me while I’m working in close to the fire. But it gets burning hot in spite of all you can do, and the asbestos suit seems to weigh a ton: I work without it whenever I can. I can move faster that way. ‘A gas fire isn’t so bad as an oil fire. Gas burns quite a distance above the ground, after it mixes with the right quantity of air. You can get in under it, in a way. There is usually a strong draft rushing in and rising to the blaze. That keeps you comparatively cooler than at an oil fire.” “Comparatively cool,” however, does not mean shivering. There was, for ex- ample, his experience in extinguishing the flames at an oil well near Wewoka, Oklahoma. “IT was in close, hanging up a shell,” he relates. “‘It began to get too hot around there. I couldn’t drop the shell or leave it in the wrong position, so I had to stick till it was fixed.” But before he could finish and get away, the intense heat had put big blisters on his hands and face. Placing the explosive is not the only close-up work necessary in fighting these blazes. Kinley describes another problem that must be met. “Burning embers and red-hot pieces of machinery lie all around the well. They have to be cooled off or gotten out of the way, or they'll start a new fire. I remember one gas well blaze that was extinguished. The gas was still coming out of the well with a roar. The valves had been put out of commission by the fire. All of a sud- den there was a flash, a new kind of roar, and flame shot up from the well. It had been ignited by some smoldering débris, and the whole job had to be done over again. “¥°VE seen wells catch three or four times before they finally got them out for good.” Before extinguishing the main blaze, therefore, great care is taken to eliminate this menace. Sometimes the smoldering ground fires are smothered with steam, sent in hissing streams sixty or eighty feet from the nozzles of pipes hooked up to boilers. Sometimes water is used to cool the débris to the safety point. But on other occasions chains or cables must be carried into the zone of heat and made fast to huge pieces of glowing, white- hot metal, which are then dragged away. “One of the hardest jobs of this kind came in the Arkansas fields,” says Kinley. “A gas well on fire there was blasted out, but then it caught again. The ground had been pretty thoroughly cleaned up, but the disabled control-head of the well was so hot it had ignited the gas. We got an iron cart and pushed it up to the fire with metal rods. It was maneuvered right over the control-head and fastened to it. We attached chains to the cart, hitched up teams of horses, = so tore the control-head from the well. “After that I took another shell in. The blaze went out and stayed out.” Kinley claims the distinction of being one of the men on the job when discovery was first made of the value of high ex- plosives in extinguishing this type of fire. ‘**Perfectly Safe!’’ Says Kinley Kinley is an oil well shooter, too. Here he is loading a shell preparatory to planting a charge. The substance in the box is gelatinized nitroglycerin, which he cuts in cylindrical form es a cook cuts cookies out of dough ous other methods for special cases. Those who are recognized as ex- perienced are frequently called to jobs - from great distances, Kinley having re- ceived hurry calls several times to fly by plane to extinguish blazes in South America. Time is a vital consideration to the oil well fire fighter, because of the value of the oil or gas consumed; which is why Kinley frequently takes the air route toa fire. One day sooner for the extinguishing, he explains, may mean a saving of thousands of dollars. bs fires start in some queer ways,” he says. “Lightning, of course, is the cause of a great many. A derrick makes a good target for a bolt. The country for miles around may not have anything else so tall. “T’ve seen oil conflagrations that were caused by grass fires, too. They'd burn up close to the well, without being noticed, perhaps, and then they’d touch a puddle of oil or some gas that was hanging close to the ground.” Many fires have started when wells were first “brought in.” OQddly, this seldom happens when a well is “shot.” In such a case the driller, expecting oil or gas, has taken the necessary precau- tions. All open flames are extin- guished. If the boiler is near the well, the fire under it is put out. “It’s when they aren’t looking for it that trouble pops,” says Kinley. ‘Comparatively speaking, the wildcatter—the man who is drilling a well in some territory that has never been tested before—is in the worst danger. He doesn’t know exactly what he’s going to find until his tools dig into it. All of a sudden he opens a gas pocket. Before he knows it, there’s an explosion.” Even in proven fields these pock- ets may occur at unexpected depths. A well was being put down near Henryetta, Oklahoma. It was still several hundred feet above the level at which oil had been found else- where in that field. The driller was standing on his stool, six feet above the derrick floor, adjusting a cable. Quite unexpectedly, the line going way. We set it off, and the dirt - jiieMa th mae 6s Oe oe . @2 a dae ee 6 COCO See — = -_ =. = hae ute on a a ok. oe ae |

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February, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 13 into the well grew slack. There was a rumble, and a stream of oil and gas shot out of the hole. Somehow, almost within an instant, it took fire. The driller, on top of the stool, jumped for his life. He managed to escape from the derrick with- will burn a while, and then a crust will form, or gas will collect, and there'll be an explosion. It may throw blazing oil into some other tank which hasn’t caught fire as yet. “Sometimes we use chemicals to lects in the bottom of a tank) became so hot that it boiled upward. It mixed with the burning oil, and the tank foamed over the top. In a moment it had ignited the oil already on the ground, and the whole place was a flaming lake. ae ee EE eee out injury. Even when the arrival of When Kinley is not en- gaged in fire fighting, he is oil is strictly according to schedule there is an occa- sional fire. “There was one case over in Arkansas,” relates Kin- ley. “ The driller was ready to bring the well in, and the boiler had been put out. There wasn’t an open flame anywhere around. Some- times a derrick is lighted by gas flares; they have to be put out, too. But this rig had electric lights. “THE well came in with a roar. There was a rush of oil and gas. It spouted to the top of the der- rick. Probably there were some rocks in it, too; you often hear them clattering against the rig when a gusher comes in like that. “Somehow, one of the elec- tric light bulbs was broken. At least they figured after- ward that that was what happened. After the bulb was broken, the filament must have stayed hot enough to set fire to the oil or gas. In a second the whole stream was burning.” For a really unusual hap- pening the story of a certain northern Oklahoma well is worth repeating. Its truth is vouched for by a large tor- pedo company, with “shoot- ers” working throughout the oil fields. A charge of nitroglycerin was detonated in the well. Gas came hissing out, with a shower of rocks. Some of the rocks struck the metal crown block at the very top of the derrick. There were sparks. frequently “shooting” wells. That is, in fact, his original occupation. For this pur- pose, also, he employs ge- latinized glycerin instead of the regular nitroglycerin used by the majority of shooters. LANTING a charge in a well, west of Drumright, Oklahoma, he explained the reason for his preference in explosives: “It may not give quite so quick an explosion, but it’s safer!” He was busy prying the lids from wooden boxes loaded in the back of his car. The drilling crew and the owner of the well, with two friends, watched the prep- arations for the shot. Each of the boxes contained a thirty- four-pound block of high explosive. It was a yellowish brown substance, rather elas- tic, and quite harmless in ap- pearance. Kinley took one of his empty tin shells and began to cut cylinders out of the solid block, in much the way that a cook cuts cookies from dough. He slipped the cut-out pieces into the shell, and wadded loose strips of the substance into the spaces left vacant. The spectators retired to a safer distance as he lifted the shell up and down, thumping it against the ground to pack the charge more solidly. ‘Perfectly safe,” said Kin- ley. E PUT aseparate detona- tor into each shell which The gas caught. And just at that instant, the oil—mixed at first with the water‘ that had been in the hole—shot up- ward and smothered the blaze! HERE’S another kind of oil field fire, quite as spectacular as a blazing well. It is a burning storage tank. When one of these gigantic reservoirs catches, it presents problems not to be met by the flames and smoke about you. . blasting. It is a little apart from Kinley’s specialty, but he has taken part in fight- ing such conflagrations. “The first thing is to get as much of the oil as possible out of the tank,” he ex- plains. “While the surface is burning, we pump it out from below as fast as we can, which usually isn’t fast enough. We cut new outlets and throw up earth dams to hold the oil. Sometimes even a small cannon is used, to shoot holes into a tank and drain it. “The flames on top of the oil in the tank Thousands of Dollars Go Up in Smoke Picture fighting a blaze like this, single-handed, in heat that melted a steel derrick! ‘‘I walk up to it with the wind at my back,”’ says Kinley. ‘One of the greatest menaces is the sudden gust from the other side, that whips In such terrific heat I have them play a stream of water on me while I place the explosive at the base of the flame’’ check these explosions, and sometimes we try to smother the fire with steam. The principal thing, though, is to get the oil out of the way.” One recent tank fire showed graphically the difficulties which arise. It contained 50,000 barrels of crude oil—more than 2,000,000 gallons, worth almost $100,000. Within a few minutes after the fire started the sky was black with smoke. The blaze gave off a violent heat. Work- men built a dirt embankment, encircling the tank, and cut holes near the bottom. The oil began to pour out upon the ground into the reservoir prepared for it. But the water (which frequently col- he lowered into the well. ““That’s to make sure that they all go off at the same time when I drop the squib,” he explained. Apparently they all did go off. Before the shot, only a gaseous vapor was rising from the well. A few moments later water and oil and rocks spouted over the top of the derrick, and the well set- tled down to a steady flow of oil. Kinley has conducted startling demon- strations to prove the safety of his gelat- inized glycerin. “T took a box of it up in an airplane,” he relates, “‘and dropped it into a field. Of course it didn’t explode. Why some people are afraid of it I can’t imagine.” He started his auto back on the road to Tulsa. Other motorists did not seem shy of it. “Why should they be?” Kinley de- manded. “‘What’s dangerous about it? I courted my wife in a car like this!”

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ee **Without a Trace!’ . William W. Nutting and the sloop in which he and three companions left Norway in 1924 to follow the Viking trail to America. For nearly three years the fate of this vessel and its crew has been a mystery without leaving sign or trace to suggest the story. Not one sur- vivor, not a spar nor a boat. Not a word. Just the silence of the sea. And the fate of the ship and all aboard forever re- mains a mystery. There is something fearsome, some- thing awful, in the thought of a lost ship, which fills the imagination with terror. A weirdness attaches itself to these strange disappearances which cannot be cast off. You can tell the sailor that it is the fear of the unknown, and he will nod; but he will mutter among his mates that nothing is too strange, nothing too unusual to hap- pen at sea. The arrival from Norway of the Viking ship, Lief Erickson, which was sailed to this country and exhibited at the Sesqui- centennial in Philadelphia in commemo- ration of the voyage of Lief the Lucky to America, again arouses interest in that other Lief Erickson and her valiant com- mander, William Nutting. William W. Nutting, New York editor and sportsman, had contributed an ad- venturous and thrilling page to the his- tory of yachting. But he had also studied the explorations of Lief Erickson on the North American continent, 500 years be- fore the landing of Columbus. Thrilled by the spirit of adventure of those Viking sailors, he conceived the idea of sailing his small ship over the Viking trail—Nor- way, Iceland, Greenland, Labrador— I OST at sea! Swallowed completely, POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Mysteries of Tk VIKING previously followed by the Viking dis- coverer after whom he named his boat. With three companions, one of whom was J. O. Todahl, member of the art staff of Poputar ScrencE MonrTu ty, he sailed from Bergen in July, 1924. His craft was a forty-two-foot auxiliary with a twelve-horsepower motor, of the type used by Norwegian fishermen in winter patrol work. EACHING Iceland without mishap, Nutting made his ‘departure for Greenland on August 10th. He had planned to touch on the east coast of Greenland, but reports of an unusual amount of ice there caused him to change his mind. He landed, instead, on the west coast, whence he sailed on September 9th for Labrador. With that date the story of the sturdy little ship and its daring crew ends. Has the Lief Erickson met the fate of the Erebus, the Jeannette, the Terror, the Fury, and of the many other ships claimed by the frozen clutches of the Viking trail? Or is she locked in some icy port, unable to put out and complete her dangerous journey? More than two years have passed, and seamen are still specu- lating. The U.S. Navy scout cruiser, Trenton, searched the northern waste for weeks. Radio messages were sent to all the Hudson’s Bay Company’s posts in Labrador and the vicinity in the hope that some word from the crew might February, 1927 And Other Strange Tales of Lost Ships By H. C. Norru return. Later, in a last desperate effort, the Dana, a Danish scientific ship, cruised . along the coast of Greenland in a hunt for *the vanished boat. The voyage was fruit- less; the white formidable stretches of the north kept their secret. Seamen offer many explanations of what might have happened; nor do they think it impossible that some trace may still be found. That the Lief was swamped is unlikely, for she was de- signed to withstand any sea, and was manned by a most able crew. That the vessel was crushed by the ice floes is also held improbable; there was little -ice in the course which she ultimately pursued. Fire is the most likely theory; in her hold the Lief carried hundreds of feet of film. § pan true story will perhaps remain a -& mystery for all time. Yet within the year, or the week, the discovery of a frozen hulk, the finding of an abandoned camp may tell the tale. It is not without the realms of possibility that Nutting, him- self, will return some day, with his fear- less crew, to relate his exploits. Even outside the frozen waters of the North the annals of the sea are filled with strange disappearances. The sea is full of strange pranks, as the sailor knows, and to prove it he points to the score and more of huge Atlantic liners which have utterly and completely vanished during the last fifty years. The President, embarking from New York on March 11, 1841, was the first large steamer to leave port and sail into oblivion with never a word or a hint of her sufferings drifting back. Of the 136 persons aboard, not so much as a rumor has ever returned. Yet bottles bearing messages for agonized families must have been intrusted to the angry waters; boats and rafts surely were launched; some- where there must have been washed up shreds of evidence which disclose the tale of misery. The ship was practically new sn wD ot xh bie th tet mk oh eee CO Se ene oe oe

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t- February, 1927 and was commanded by one of the ablest seamen of the day; unusual circum- stances, harrowing to contemplate, must have conspired against her. The sea is full of strange pranks— pranks which color her traditions with mystery and superstition. Should we be surprised, then, that exactly thirteen years should pass after the loss of the President, before there was another great calamity at sea—thirteen years with only one life forfeited in the wreck of an Atlantic liner? We can shrug over the ill omen of the thirteen, and lay it down to strange coincidence. But sailors’ yarns gain more respect when we learn that the next great disaster—come the thirteenth year—was also that of a ship of which nothing has ever been heard since she put out to sea! Four hundred and eighty liv- ing beings disappeared from human sight, with the City of Glasgow, in that unlucky year, 1854. LTHOUGH the City of Glasgow is often cited to silence the realist and the scoffer, the tales surrounding it do not compare with those of the pre- destined ship Friday. Friday has always been considered a day of bad fortune by seamen. No old-time mariner ever would leave port on a Friday, and the day was shunned, too, in beginning any other event in shipping. Almost a century ago, however, a New England skipper resolved to demonstrate his disbelief in this age old superstition of sailor men. For this Yankee captain to have ordered the lumber for his craft on a Friday was bad enough; but when the lumber arrived on a Friday and he laid the keel on a Friday, his friends shook their heads. The head- strong man persisted. The boat was com- pleted on Friday. It was on the following Friday that the ship was chris- POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY salts (and with a certain amount of genu- ine satisfaction), the Friday disappeared over the horizon and from this world for- ever. There is no doubt among Salem and New Bedford folk that she was shoved to the bottom by the hand of an outraged providence. The loss of the steamship Waratah, in 1909, was not without uncanny forebod- ings. The ship left London, April 27th, on the second voyage of her brief exist- ence; touched Australian ports, and reached Durban. Here Claude Sawyer, a passenger, after warning the passengers that the ship was doomed, left the boat in a highly nervous state of mind. “In the early morning,” he explained, “T had this strange dream. I saw a man, dressed in a very peculiar dress which I had never seen before, with a long sword in his right hand, which he seemed to be holding between us. In the other hand he had a rag covered with blood. I saw that three times in rapid succession the same morning.” f 4 TER the Waratah had sailed, leaving him in Durban, he dreamed that he saw her in a raging sea, the waves dashing over her. He awoke half delirious, with the picture of the ship disappearing be- neath the waves still in his mind. The next news which Sawyer had of the Waratah was that she was overdue at Cape Town. Despite Sawyer’s apparition, little anxiety was felt for the vessel. She was a large twin-screw liner, modern in every respect; she had been inspected and de- clared serviceable before departure. Ships like that simply never get lost—so they said. Nevertheless, the last heard, seen, or 15 known of the Waratah was that she passed the Clan MacIntyre shortly after putting out from Durban. Every passen- ger, Officer, and sailor; every boat, board, or stick on the vessel vanished as com- pletely as if dissolved by the salt water. Nor have the experts yet been able to explain the disappearance, without one solitary trace, of a vessel so equipped and so conditioned. HUS it was with the Pacific, in 1856, and the Tempest, in 1859, and the City of Boston, in 1870; the Condor, in 1901, the Huronian, in 1902—and dozens of others. Of all those and of stranger mysteries, you will hear when sailors get together on stormy nights. Perhaps you will hear of the lost ships of La Pérouse, whose secret the sea gave up— nearly gave up—after the elapse of a half century, though the last adventure of La Pérouse can only be guessed at. With all the color and dash of the French, the Boussole and the Astrolobe sailed from Brest under the command of that enterprising seaman, Jean Francois Galaup de la Pérouse. It was at the close of the eighteenth century, and the object of the voyage was to study and chart the Pacific. The personnel aboard the ves- sels, including many scientists of renown, numbered 223 men. The instructions for the expedition, written by Louis XVI himself, were handed to La Pérouse on the gala occasion of the sailing. “The Sieur de la Pérouse” was to “invariably show the utmost kindness and humanity toward the dif- ferent peoples visited in the course of his voyage. . . . His Majesty would consider it one of the happiest triumphs of the enterprise were it to be concluded without costing the life of a single man.” tened with her fatal name and launched. Surprisingly, the captain got a crew, though: from among sailors ignorant of the vessel’s history, and on a Friday he put out to sea. Grimly we are told by old Victims of the Sea’s Cruel Pranks = And so, with the most i laudable purposes of any exploration of the century, for all previous voyages had been in the interests of commercial gain, La Pé- rouse embarked on his mission. He rounded Cape Horn without misfortune, and spent two years exploring and charting the Pacific Coast. But from the time (Continued on page 124) (Top) Coast guard going to blow up a derelict. Many of the ships that vanish mysteriously probably owe their fate to collision in the dark with such semisubmerged vessels. (Above) Even the prog- ress of steam navigation has not brought an end to tragic sea disasters. (Right) An abandoned schooner found sinking recently in mid-ocean

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meg seven wsabn 16

Camera Tests Glass Spectrograph tests (right) give photographic proof (above) of the absorption by glass of light rays. The photo, scaled according to wave length of rays, shows (A) sun’s rays unobstructed; (B) passed through new type of glass; (C) through ordinary window glass Now We Have POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY BOX CONTAINS QUARTZ PR CAMERA + February, 1927

Health Glass” for our Windows Novel Panes, Produced with Secret Formulae, Admit Sun’s Vital Rays \ , 7 ITH magic pipe science has blown for us a bubble—a bubble that for promise and romance far sur- passes any iridescent globule ever blown from childhood’s pipe. It is made of glass, but a most wonderful glass, in appear- ance no different from ordinary window glass but in reality vastly different, be- cause it will transmit more of the sunlight. You probably think the glass in your window lets in the sunlight. It does, in a limited way. But it excludes the ultra- violet rays of the sun, the most important to life and growth of all the rays in the spectrum. These are the extremely short and invisible light waves, incidentally, that cause sunburn and tanning. You know you could stand behind an ordinary glass window and let the sun shine on you all summer without getting sunburned. That is because the glass shuts out the ultra-violet rays just as effectively as a brick wall does. The new glass, however, will let the ultra-violet rays pass, and you would get as sunburned standing behind it as you would on the beach. This new glass has a quartz base. Pure fused quartz glass is a perfect transmitter for ultra-violet rays, but pure quartz is too expensive for ordinary use. With quartz as the basis and certain ts other substances, which are PRISM kept secret, several glass ~~, 5 manufacturers have now succeeded in making “‘sun- light” glass at about the cost of ordinary wire glass. A British lighting engi- neer has developed one which he calls “‘vitaglass,”’ and several American man- ufacturers are already in the field with similar prod-

ucts. One American concern is turning out a quartz glass capable of transmitting eighty-six percent of the shortest waves of sunlight through the thickness of an ordinary window pane. Considering the fact that ordinary window glass keeps out wind and cold and lets in light, you might wonder why it is necessary to have a glass that will pass ultra-violet rays, especially if you have no particular desire to stand before a window to get sunburned. Any doctor will answer that question for you. Or the corner vegetable store man or the egg man might be able to answer it. For the ultra-violet rays of the sun affect the health and growth of everything in the animal and vegetable world. HAT branch of medicine which has to do with the curative power of sun- light—heliotherapy—has yrown rapidly in recent years. It is being employed to increase our resistance to infection, for the treatment of skin diseases, for the prevention and cure of rickets, and particularly in the treatment of tuber- culosis of the bones, joints and glands. Wane van-) 36. rt ULTRA-VIOLET RAYS PAF

Common Window Glass Blocks Health-Giving Rays Diagram showing the absorption by ordinary glass of the sun’s ultra-violet (vital) rays, as well as infra-red (heat) rays, as compared with the new glass By Manus McFappDEN Heretofore curative sun treatments have been given mostly out-of-doors. Now, with the new ultra-violet ray glass, it is possible to treat patients indoors. HE curative possibilities of the dis- covery were surprisingly demon- strated recently in the London Zoo. The directors of the zoo, according to reports, were worried about a young orang-outang which was growing bald and ill-natured, a family of little Capuchin monkeys, and a number of ailing iguana lizards. One of the directors suggested substituting quartz glass for the ordinary window glass of the cages. When this was done, the orang-outang grew a new coat of healthy hair, and the other animals regained normal vitality. Equally extraordinary were the re- sults with greenhouse tests. Vegetables and flowers grown behind ultra-violet ray windows at the University of Wiscon- sin grew faster and more luxuriantly, and it was found possible to grow plants that would not thrive in ordinary greenhouses. As ultimate results, the experimenters tell us, the most delicate fruits of the tropics will be grown in the north, winter vegetables will easi- ly be raised, extending the “green” season to all the year round, and the price of foodstuffs consequently will be decreased. Installation of the glass in chicken houses has been followed by increased egg VITAL RA YS PN: S-10)°4:449)

TLY ABSORBED production. Used in schools instead of ordinary window glass, it is said to produce Still another use is in the production of unusual color filters.

healthier school children. :

SL —<£_ —,

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Se nts T's. lis- on- ‘he rts, ing . ind Ine ing ass the thy ned les let on- and hat Ses. tell DIcs rth, asi- the the rice itly lass een egg ools low luce ren. + the olor ‘force that operates the myriads of February, 1927 Bits of Mechanism That Save Us MILLIO Scales—Muracle Workers of Industry— Measure Fabric, Test Auto Parts, Even Count Trolley Car Tickets! BoyDEN SPARKES UPPOSE some _ mischievous S scientist, an enemy of society, hit upon a principle that en- abled him to interfere with the scales—the weighing machines that are a vital part of the mech- anism of our modern world. The ruin of a large part of our civiliza- tion would follow. Without the guidance of scales our manufacturing methods of mass production would have to give way to stone age methods; business men would be as helpless in determining values as any half- witted reservation Indian enriched by oil; all our slowly won knowl- edge of medicine would be almost worth- less because no druggist would dare sell any of the potent drugs, an extra pinch of which would bring death. In short, if this calamity should occur, the people of America and other ad- vanced nations of the earth would slip back rapidly into a primitive state for want of all the things that make our civilization possible. Happily, however, this disaster is not likely to occur so long as water flows downhill. CALES, all of them, are operated by the mysterious force we call gravity; that same force which keeps us, our houses, our dogs, our automobiles and other possessions from floating out into Space as independent bits of cosmic jetsam. One of the first things from which we would suffer if our world were suddenly deprived of the means of measuring bulk by employing gravity, would be a sudden and dizzy rise of prices for everything that goes on our table. That fact was demonstrated to me recently when I watched a salesman for a big scale com- POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 17 oa mean = Measuring the solidity of soil in Illinois over which it is contemplated to run a road. The work is done by means of a dial which tells instantly how deep and how quickly an iron rod sinks into the earth under a bucket load of shot. Soft spots are thus easily detected pany sell a butcher of our neighborhood a computing scale. My butcher’s name is Bloom, and he was partly “sold” on the idea of the new scales when I entered the store, because the salesman already had a white mechanism of porcelain on the counter beside Bloom’s old seale, an old- fashioned device that jiggles up and down for some time after a slab of meat is dropped on it. “Two pounds of porterhouse,” I said when Bloom looked in my direction. “How much is it?” “Fifty-three cents a pound.” Old Bloom, whose cheeks are a network of tiny red veins and whose eyes are in little openings placed squarely beside his nose, began to sharpen his knife. “Td like to make you a proposition,” suggested the salesman to the butcher, “I dare you to try to cut this customer’s meat without weighing it.” “T can do it,” boasted Bloom. ‘Think I don’t know two pounds of meat?” he added truculently, but I noticed that even the suggestion was enough to make him survey a steak slightly thinner than Weighs to a Hundred-Millionth Mr. Sparkes tells on these pages how gravity is being made to work for us in undreamed-of ways; of scales so incredibly delicate that they can weigh the postmark on a postage stamp! The balance above, at the U. S. Bureau of Standards, compares two two-pound weights with an accuracy to a hundred-millionth! the one he had intended to cut for me. “Sure you can,” agreed the salesman, “but let us see how long it takes to weigh it on your old scale. I know your scale is right, because we've just tested it, but I'd like to bet that my computing scale will tell to the cent the worth of that piece of meat much more quickly than you can figure it out of your head when you use your old pound and ounce scale.” “We'll try it,” agreed Bloom, and cut into the meat. When his sawehad sung its way through the bone, he dropped the meat on his old scale, and as he did so the scale salesman glanced at his wrist watch. Presently Bloom announced: “One dollar, seventeen.” “Twenty seconds,” said the salesman. I saw that the meat weighed two pounds and three ounces, 5 OW watch my scale,” said the sales- man. With that he transferred the meat. As he did so, an electrically illuminated chart behind the magnifying glass on the face of the reading cylinder began to turn, not with a bouncing mo- tion, but with a slow movement. The instant it paused, the scale salesman an- nounced the price of the meat: “One dollar, nineteen.” “Well,” acknowledged Bloom, “I was nearly right, and I didn’t cheat the customer.” “T know that,” agreed the salesman, “but whether you unintentionally cheat the customer or yourself, you lose. Either you lose profit or you lose a customer. In this case you were off two cents, to say nothing of the time you wasted. I'll bet, also, that you ‘figured a little more carefully than you do when your store is crowded with customers. “It is practically impossible,” continued

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ress saihn Caster ie Bm | | | | a eS SRO eA 18 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY A “guardian scale” in an auto tire factory, checking the ingredients for rubber mixtures. It detects instantly if a basket contains too much or too little of each ingredient the salesman, “for a merchant to figure pounds and ounces accurately into money value without recourse to pencil and paper. It is even harder to calculate the price when fractions are involved. ” ~~ see how simple this calculating , is done by the chart on this scale. It tells the exact price of anything weigh- ing up to thirty pounds, within a cost range of from eight cents to seventy-five cents a pound. All the merchant and his customer do is read the figure indicated by the red line in the column of the chart reserved, as in this example, for goods worth fifty-three cents a pound. If it had been twelve cents a pound, you would have looked in the twelve-cent column.” “T guess you're right,” said Bloom as he wrapped up my meat. “By the way, how much of a trade-in allowance will you give me for that old scale?” They were dickering on that when I left. The next time I went after meat, the new scale was installed. “It’s paying for itself!’ boasted Bloom. “It’s saving time and wear and tear on my brain. You can kick about the high price Two Reasons Why Cars Are Costing Less February, 1927 mechanical departments of a big maga- zine publishing house, the largest in the world, having facilities for the production of 850,000 magazines a day. Hundreds of girls were at work in the bindery of that maze of machinery that I had previously thought of only as a place dominated by an editor. The printed sections of the magazines were traveling past these girls, whose busy skilful fingers were steadily bringing them toward com- pletion. Suddenly I noticed that three books in succession were rejected by the traveling mechanism so that they dropped out of the moving line. —_ happened?” I asked my guide, a young woman. “Just a couple of light ones,” she ex- plained. ‘Someone failed to put in all the sections a completed copy should have.” “T can understand that,” I interrupted, “But—” “The missing section undoubtedly contained parts of a couple of stories and some advertising, and the subscribers who received them would have frothed at the mouth.” “But,” I insisted, “what influence or what inspector found out about those defective copies? Why were the copies Testing automobile valve springs in a Detroit factory, to show how they will withstand hard use. ized blow, its strength being measured in terms of weight on a dial Each spring is struck with a carefully standard. thrown out in that mysterious fashion?” “Oh,” said my guide, “‘that was done by a scale. There is a sensitive section in that monorail traveler, a weighing machine, and whenever a book comes along that weighs too little or too much, the scale rises or lowers. Gear wheels become engaged and bounce the de. fective copies out of the moving line.” Later I asked the mechanical superin. tendent what changes he would have to make if he could not use scales in his bindery. He replied: “We would have to provide inspectors to turn the pages of every copy to be sure that each of our millions of maga: zines was complete. In that case we'd have to charge a lot more for the maga. zines.” ITHIN the last twenty years a hundred kinds of scales have been devised to release hundreds of thousands of human hands to other tasks, speeding production and reducing costs. If it is true, as scientists assert, that the ordinary man of today has at his beck and call the power of nine slaves and countless horses, scales must be given a considerable part of the credit. The fact is, the gage with which the pressure of steam in boilers is weighed is a scale. The steam is per- mitted to shove, as a man might press with his shoul- of meat all you want to, but if I didn’t have any scale at all I'd have to work with a tape measure, and then you’d have something to holler about.” HE fact of the matter is, a majority of us are able to live away from farms largely because of the important work done by scales as task masters, permitting that fine divi- sion of labor that marks the chief difference between civilized folks and savages. But scales are more than task masters and price fix- ers in our present scheme of existence. They are der, against a spring. If the steam presses so hard that danger threatens, 4 dial gives the warning. In other words, that steam pressure has been weighed just as the force of gravity is the thing we really weigh each time we interpose 3 scale between an object and the earth. The uses to which scales are being applied are mul- tiplying every day, and the men who are making the most profitable use of them believe that we have just begun to scratch the sur face of the possibilities of employing gravity by thi means. tremendous labor savers. A few months ago I was guided through the A Marvel of Mechanistic Adjustment Balance at the Bureau of Standards, so sensitive that it must be controlled from the next room because the heat of the operator’s body would alter its readings! Sometimes results almost weird are achieved by these (Continued on page 139) you invé mea self, Jeff boa ploy com easi and The onl) sinc cow frin, layi Uni that mor to t inve Jeff the Pre: hea: inve of t] rese Pat fers hea the he ) twe Mat poss rare stuc

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ley rd. lial n?” lone tion hing mes uch, eels de- Tins e to - his tors > be aga- we'd aga- February, 1927 “President, Statesman—but Scientific Man First”’ 6 fhomas Jeffe By Frank ParRKER STOCKBRIDGE of your roadster to give yourself the full benefit of the rushing air, you can thank Thomas Jefferson for the invention which makes it possible for you to do so. Every farmer who plows up an old meadow, turning the sod over upon it- self, owes a debt of gratitude to Thomas Jefferson, inventor of the plow mold- board which makes modern grassland plowing possible. Every desk worker tilting back in his comfortable swivel chair, or swinging easily around instead of having to get up and turn his chair, is under obligation to Thomas Jefferson, who invented this only improvement in seating devices since the time of the Pharaohs. Every inventor who establishes in court his right to his invention against in- fringers can thank Thomas Jefferson for laying down the principle on which the United States Patent Office is founded, that the protection of the inventor is of more consequence than possible benefit to the State through the disclosure of his invention. Any schoolboy knows of Thomas Jefferson, patriot, statesman, author of the Declaration of Independence, third President of the United States. Few have heard of Thomas Jefferson, naturalist, mventor, experimenter in every branch of the mechanical arts, patron of scientific research and father of the United States Patent Office. But the two Thomas Jef- fersons are the same individual, the red- headed Virginian who took with him from the College of William and Mary, where he was graduated in 1763 at the age of twenty, ‘“‘a familiarity with the higher mathematics and natural sciences only possessed, at his age, by men who have a Tare natural taste and ability for those studies,” as one biographer puts it. ass time you fold down the top POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 19 HOMAS JEFFERSON, third presi- dent of the United States, drew the plans for the University of Virginia, re- gerded today as one of the most beauti- ful groups of buildings in America. His introduction of the Classic Renaissance style of architecture into America was only one of his many contributions out- side the field of statecraft rsOn—SCIENTIST He Gave Us Swivel Chairs, A Sod- Turning Plow, Even the Idea for Folding Auto Tops Even a partial catalogue of his achieve- ments and activities in science and inven- tion would occupy pages. His name is preserved in the annals of science in the Latinized technical name of an extinct ground sloth whose fossilized remains he was the first to describe, Megalonyx Jef- fersoni. He introduced numerous Euro- pean fruits and vegetables into the New World, and found new markets and uses in Europe for the products of America. When he was President, he laid the foun- dation for the modern system of Govern- ment crop reporting by personally watch- ing the markets of Washington for eight years and recording the earliest and latest appearances of thirty-seven different farm products. While taking one of the most active parts in the politics of the nation for more than forty years, he found time to carry on a voluminous correspondence with the foremost men of science in America; to devise numerous devices still in use, the need of which, like the folding leather buggy top and the sod-turning plow, were suggested by operations on his own farm; to design and build struc- tures which still stand as among the most A New Feature EGINNING with the next issue, Porvutar Science Monrtuty will be expanded to include, in addition to its fact articles portraying the drama of progress, fiction stories based on achievement in the fields of science. Theinnovationis undertaken in the belief that many of our modern mira- cles can be most interestingly por- trayed in fiction form. Don’t miss the big March issue, on your news stand February 10th. perfect examples of Classic Renaissance architecture; and in a hundred ways to promote the study of America’s natural resources and encourage American inven- tiveness. Only Franklin, among all Americans, ° cid so many things and did them all so well. “For a scientific man in town,”’ he wrote, “nothing can furnish so conven- ient an amusement as chemistry, be- cause it can be pursued in his cabinet; but for a country gentleman I know no source of amusement and health equal to botany and natural history.”” He thought of him- self, not as a statesman first but as a “scientific man,’ as Theodore Roosevelt, a hundred years later, was to leave the White House to return to his first love, the study of wild animals, and to describe Limself as a “faunal naturalist.” ATES are lacking for most of Jeffer- son’s mechanical inventions, for he never applied for a patent, “never having thought of monopolizing by patent any useful idea which happens to offer itself to me,” as he wrote to a friend in de- scribing a hemp beater he had invented. All through his correspondence appear references to things which he had made, often accompanied by descriptions to en- able others to make them. There was, perhaps, a little touch of the aristocratic tradition in his refusal to benefit pecunia- rily by the products of his own skill. As Secretary of State in Washington’s first cabinet it fell to Jefferson to organize the Patent Office for which the Constitu- tion had provided. All earlier ideas of patents, in England and on the Conti- nent, had been based on the idea of the benefit to the State of inducing the inven- tor to patent—literally “make public”— the secret of his invention. patent laws, American (Continued on page 142

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Fst Pe rhSE Pen Tee

20 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY February, 1977 How Many COLors Can You See?

bay _?

By L. G. Pore & a* Pe

Analyzing the Color of a Wall Looking through this spectroscope or color analyzer, the observer can determine the exact intensity of each of the colors reflected by the paint on the mottled wall at the right duction was too low in one depart- ment and employees were inefficient and dissatisfied. No one, least of all the manager, could discover what was wrong. Finally, a few months ago, the trouble was discovered. It was a wrong color of the working light. Employees of this factory had the duty of inserting small yellowish parts into a larger device, also somewhat yellowish in color. The working light, ample in i< A certain New England factory pro- ‘ quantity, was also of yellowish tint, as nearly all artificial light is. Under it the larger device and the small parts looked much alike. A lighting engineer installed bright blue lights. These made the de- vice and the parts, really of slightly dif- ferent shades of yellow, look gray and brown respectively. They were easy to see and easy to fit together. All trouble disappeared. A similar instance occurred in Saint Luke’s Hospital, in San Francisco. The surgeon in charge of the operating room discovered that it was easier to work in a room with green-colored walls than in the usual white-walled operating room. The reflected greenish light from the green walls made pink or reddish objects look darker and more distinct than in a clear white light. Small marks on the skin or other slight differences in the bodily tis- sies could be seen more easily by the surgeon, with corresponding advantages in his work. Deering two examples are significant of the way in which color is now be- ing studied by lighting experts and scien- tists, not primarily with the idea of mak- ing it ornamental, but in order to make it useful. The finding of jobs for scarlet and green and blue and all the rest of the color partners promises to be of great value to industry. It is not unreasonable to expect that within a few years each workbench of a factory and each counter of a sales- room will be painted its own proper color and illuminated with its own particular bank of lamps, both paint and lamp-color being designed to suit just the kind of work that is to go on at that spot.

How the Colors Affect You RED—Excites your emotions ORANGE—Gives you high spirits YELLOW—Stimulates your body GREEN—Normal or neutral BLUE—Depresses you physically VIOLET—Makes you sad PURPLE—Subdues

The secrets of using colors to produce better vision lie in the contrast effects, the different absorption of objects for differentcolors and similarcolor principles, long known in color laboratories but little used outside these sequestered centers of research. The magnitude of the possi- bilities are indicated by the enormous number of distinct colors which the human eye can see. Ask your friends how many distinct colors they can recognize. Most of them will guess that they can see fifty or a hundred separate colors. Very few will be willing to promise to distinguish be- tween as many as a thousand different tints. In recent newspaper articles on color it was stated that the eye can see only some 1800 shades and hues. All these estimates are ridiculously too low. Recent scientific tests have shown that even persons with eyes not trained to be especially color-sensitive can dis- tinguish upwards of 60,000 separate colors, taking into account, of course, differences in light or dark shades as well as differences in hue. Artists can prob- ably distinguish twice or three times as many colors as this. New gages recently developed by the U. S. Bureau of Stand- ards are able to distinguish a million dif- ferent possible color shades. In the careful standard charts for color naming compiled by Dr. Robert Ridgway of the United States National Museum there are shown 1115 named colors, each of which has been analyzed for its exact physical composition. Any eye, no matter how little trained, can see that many shades are possible between each two of There Are at Least a Million Tints — Sctentists Are Giving Them New Jobs to Serve You

He Paints with Colored Lights This ingenious experimental device shows how colored lights may be mixed, as an artist mixes his pigments, to produce de- sired effects. In this case three rays of different primary colors are being blended Dr. Ridgway’s tested tints, thus making up the enormous number which can be seen, This is for normal eyes. There exist, as everyone knows, people who are par- tially or completely color blind. These are the persons who mistake greens for reds and reds for grays or make even more ridiculous blunders. All of us, indeed, are likely to be just a little color blind. The number of people who wear glasses nowa- days has driven home to everybody the fact that a great many human eyes,ar imperfect so far as seeing objects is cone cerned. Probably quite as large a pere centage of our eyes would be found i ime perfect in seeing color. x x a cy of my friends was much a recently to find me examining sa ples of colored materials with my right eye” only, the left eye being squinted shut. The explanation was that I knew, by former experiences, that my two eyes do not see colors with exactly the same per- fection. For blues and yellows my right eye is better than my left eye. For reds and greens the difference evens up, for my left eye sees these colors more per- fectly than does the right. The chances are that you will find a similar color dif- ference in your own two eyes if you test them. Hold your two palms in front of your eyes and remove the hands alter- nately, looking meanwhile at some col- ored object, preferably something which is of a blue-green or alilac tint. You probably will notice that the object seems to change color slightly as you look at it first with one eye and then with the other.

Februa Rec in the ympor Mack: orator studio gray § warm sunlig ing. Sudde to cha mosai violet. M the ey into : somet colors away of: the the | which a dull ried il giving round The blend: eyes. “turn disapy seen. In j sky re

How cate into until porti deter desir

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February, 1927 Recent studies of the blending of color in the human eye have great practical importance for all of us. William Andrew Mackay, New York artist and mural dec- orator, showed me not long ago in his studio two samples of gray wall. One gray seemed cold and dull; the other was warm and lifelike, as though it had bright sunlight on it, although no sun was shin- ing. I walked nearer to the two walls. Suddenly the lively, sunlit gray seemed to change. It was no longer gray, but a mosaic of colored spots: green, red and violet, all painted closely together. R. MACKAY explained that very small dots of color are not seen by theeye. They blend, inside the eye itself, into a single even color composed of something intermediate between the colors of the different spots. Far enough away from the “‘sunlit’’ wall I saw none of the tiny color specks. I merely saw the blended color. The other wall, which really was painted gray, I saw as a dull gray all the time. This idea, car- ried into the decoration of our homes, is giving us brighter and more cheerful sur- roundings. These phenomena of color blending occur frequently in nature. Everyone knows, for example, that leaves are green, but very few know that leaves are also red. Yet analysis of the color of the leaf with a spectroscope shows that both green light and red light are reflected. The tint that we see is the result of the blending of these two colors inside our eyes. In the autumn, when the leaves “turn red,” the green color of the leaves disappears, leaving the red alone to be seen. In the same way, the blue color of the sky really contains all the colors of the Color Science Aids Gown Makers POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY rainbow, as you can prove for yourself easily by looking at the sky through the glass prism of a spectroscope. The apparent blue is due, scientists now say, to a small excess amount of blue light reflected from the millions of dust par- ticles in the air. That gives the tint to the day- light sky. On the tops of high mountains, where there is very little dust in the air. to do this, the sky looks black, not blue. The reddish and green- ish tints that make the sky so beautiful at sun- rise or sunset also are due to dust particles in the air. As the sun shines slantingly through the thickened atmos- phere of the earth at that time of day, they alter the color of the sunlight to the pinks, reds and other col- ors seen. None of these colors are quite pure ones, nor are any colors in nature. All are mixed and blended. The greenish and bluish colors of sea water and of deep lakes, it has been found, are also due to light reflected from tiny suspended par- ticles in the water. Water itself absorbs much of the red light, allowing green light to pass more readily. Accordingly, at depths of a few hundred feet under the sea, the light that filters down from the surface is yellowish green. This is why seaweeds that grow at these considerable depths are usually red or brown in color, not green. They are of colors which will absorb and retain the colors of light that get down to them; that is, the yellow and the green. HE very complicated matter of the psychological effect of colors is causing large interest among the scientists, as well as among physicians and mental spe- cialists. Recent dispatches from England describe an instance in which painting the walls of a workroom green instead of red calmed and soothed a group of workers previously found to be unduly excitable. The change in the workers was ascribed to the alteration of the wall color. That different colors may have important eftects on the mental state of people has been believed for many years. Some psycholo- gists have gone so far as to prepare charts of the mental effects of dif- ferent colors: red being stimulating and exciting, blue depressing, and so on. The best known of these charts, originally devised by the late Prof. Ogden N. Rood, of Col- umbia University, is summarized on the opposite page. If we could trust completely such charts they would be of enor- How a color-mixture disk is used to match and dupli- Cate the color of a woman’s gown. The disk is divided into fundamental colors. It is then whirled rapidly until the colors blend. By changing the relative pro- Portions of the colors on the disk, it is possible to determine the exact mixture which will produce the desired tint. This serves as a guide in selecting dyes mous service in deciding what col- ors to use for living rooms, for workrooms, for hospitals, and so on. But a careful German investi- gator, Dr. G. J. von Allesch, who Splits Light into Its Many Hues Prof. Albert A. Michelson of the University of Chicago, who recently redetermined the speed of light, devised this remark- able instrument for dividing light into its constituent colors. The plate at the center is ruled with an enormous number of very thin but accurate lines—about 15,000 lines to the inch. When a ray of mixed light falls on this grating through the lens at the right, the light is split into its many constituent colors recently completed a long series of tests, found that results varied widely between different individuals, and even for the same individual at different times. On the other hand, in a long series of tests made on children in the schools of a western city several months ago, it was found that most of the children preferred red and orange colors to blue and violet ones. Red, for most people, is a cheerful, inspiring color. Probably that accounts for the optimists who wear red neckties. A year or two ago a club for girls in Chicago conducted a course on how to make laggard young men propose. It was reported in the newspapers that the hope- ful young ladies were urged to wear bright blue dresses when their suitors were to be “caught.” I am no expert on proposals, but I venture the assertion that the advice was bad. Experts seem to agree that, on the average, pink or red is much more likely to stimulate emotion than “colder” colors such as blue, green or violet. The purely physical side of the meas- urement and production of colors has been mastered much more completely than have the principles of color psychology. Photometers and colorimeters are avail- able to determine, in unmistakable phys- ical units, the percentages of each of the colors of the spectrum in any given paint or colored light. The physical interactions between colors are well known, so that it is entirely possible to paint a scene which will seem to change into something quite different when illuminated with another color of light. Emory Cobb Andrews, of Chicago, expert and experimenter on colors, is said to have in his laboratory a painting of an Indian maiden in a red gown. With a snap of the light switch the Indian maid becomes a negress, dressed in black. UCH changes are easy enough. They have even been accomplished in the theatre, changes of lights being used to produce apparent changes of scenery. These physical aspects of our relations to color have run far ahead of the psycho- logical aspects. As in the case of the theory of how we see colors at all, here is a rich field for investigation. STREETS %

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22 Huge [elescope to Solve Riddles Amazing instrument may reveal secrets Ce you conceive of a universe, other than ours, far beyond the range of the most powerful tele- scopes on earth today; so far away that its light must travel 500,000,000 years to reach us? And can you visualize @ mammoth earthly “eye” so keen as to pierce the borderlands of space, capture the glimmer of unknown stars, and thus read the record of heavenly events as they transpired half a billion years ago? Most of us who are not versed in as- tronomy find it difficult to encompass with our minds such distances of the starry skies. Still, there is present need for practice in imagination stretching; for the realization of so gigantic a vision is likely to come in the present genera- tion. Even as this is written, F. G. Pease, the man who planned the Hooker 100- inch reflector telescope, largest in the world, for the Mount Wilson Observa- tory in California, has completed designs for a new telescope three times as large. With a huge mirror twenty-five feet in diameter it will reveal objects nine times fainter than any heretofore disclosed, and details three times smaller. It will extend our knowledge immeasurably, and possibly quadruple the number of known stars in the heavens. The moving parts of the instrument alone would weigh 1600 tons, and the cost POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY of Martian canals, the moon’s craters, and find new universes off in space scope of this size to peer beyond known limits of creation and discover new wonders of star-filled space. The 100-inch telescope on Mount Wilson, during the few years of its operation, already has given us an entirely new conception of the vastness of the universe. It has photographed spiral nebulae, and revealed these splotch- es of light to be separate universes or sys- tems of stars much like our own Milky Way. The new telescope would bring to us images from distances three times greater! Whereas the present world’s largest telescope may be able to photo- graph separate stars 3,000,000 light-years away, the proposed twenty-five-foot in- ‘strument should reveal individual stars at 8,000,000 or even 10,000,000 light- years. And as for nebulae or island uni- verses, they should be made visible at distances of half a billion light-years! Are there any universes that far distant? Or will there be found a final borderline to creation? February, 1927 It is just here that most of us encounte the need for limbering our imaginations to comprehend the staggering distances revealed by the telescope. For a begin. ning exercise, the object whose distance probably can be grasped as readily as any is our sun, for its distance can be reckoned in familiar miles. The sun is only 92,000, 000 miles away. If we could motor there, traveling continuously at a speed of g mile a minute, the trip would take us 17] years. The light of the sun, which traves to us at the tremendous speed of 186,00) miles a second, takes just eight minute to make the trip. EXT we turn to Neptune, the far thest planet of our solar system, Neptune is thirty times as far away a the sun. The motor trip to it would take a little more than five thousand years. Light from the planet takes four hours to travel to us. Thus far, the distances are quite with. in the comprehension of intelli. gent mortals accustomed to of its construction would be in the neighborhood of $12,000,- 000! O GET an idea of the power and possibilities of such a man-made “eye,” imagine that the proposed telescope were set up on the moon and di- rected toward the earth. It would then enable a lunar observer to distinguish city blocks and the largest build- ings in a metropolis like New York or Chicago! It would enable him to distinguish lights as close together as 100 feet. Transferred to the more distant planet Mars, it would make visible the distinct out- lines of our metropolitan dis- tricts, our grain fields and forest areas. The earth’s continents would be defined clearly, as on a relief map. From the earth, such a tele- scope would solve for astrono- mers the riddle of the strange lines and markings on Mars. It would tell whether the so- called Martian canals are natural or artificial, and per- haps give a definite answer to the question whether our brother planet is inhabited. earthly measurements in miles, even though a mile now is dwarfed to comparative in significance. But suppose we venture farther, beyond the limits of our solar system, to the nearest neighbor among the suns, the star Alpha Cen- tauri. At once the need fora larger yardstick becomes ap- parent, for this nearest star is 300,000 times farther away from us than our sun. It iss far distant that its light must travel four years to reach us. S° WE adopt a new and longer yardstick, the light year, or the distance traveled by a ray of light in one year. You can figure for yourself this distance in miles. Light travels 186,000 miles a second, and there are 30,000,000 sec- onds in a year, in round num bers. Multiply these two to- gether and you get the answet —more than five trillion miles. Write it down; 5,000,000,000,- 000 miles. That is one light- year. Now, we are ready to jour- ney out to the remote limits of our Own universe or system of Similarly, it would show the faces of the other planets in finer detail than ever before. But most fascinating of all would be the power of a tele- Sees 840,000 ,000,000,000,000,000 Miles! F. G. Pease, designer of the proposed super-telescope, examining planets through the Mount Wilson telescope, at present the largest in the world and also designed by him. With this instrument stars eight hundred and forty million million million miles away can be seen stars, the Milky Way. Fora long time astronomers have known that the great, white, faintly luminous band you se across the sky at night, 3 really a conglomeration Feb:

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se We 1 the m, to mong _ Cen- for a S ap- star is away t is so must 1 us. y and light- aveled , year. urself Light econd, 0 set: | num vo to- inswet miles. ),000,- light- y jour- nits of tem of For 3 have white, ‘ou see ht, is on February, 1927 of Universe , By Robert E. Martin 100-INCH TELESCOPE EE, millions of stars, so packed together that our eyes cannot distinguish them separately. The big telescopes, however, have resolved that cloudy band into in- dividual stars, millions of them. By ob- serving them carefully, astronomers have found that our Milky Way universe, or galaxy, is a disk-shaped organization of stars, with a diameter of about 300,000 light-years and a possible thickness of 37,500 light-years. Within its limits are approximately one billion stars, including our sun. Outside the system, but still connected with it through the ties of universal attraction, are the so-called globular clusters, great conglomerations of stars, some of them hundreds of light- years in diameter. All these objects together form our galactic system, or universe, which in- cludes every class of star, nebula and star cluster we can observe, except one— the spiral nebulae. Astronomers tell us that these beautiful spiral shaped objects are far-distant separate universes like our own. Several thousands of them have been observed. O COMPREHEND the wonders of _& the spiral nebulae, we must stretch our Imaginations one notch more. The best known of them all is the great nebula in Andromeda, the only one visible to the unaided eye. This universe is One million light-years away from us. It is one of the 60-INCH - TELESCOPEITY ~~ The projected 300-inch telescope, as drawn by our artist from plans prepared by Mr. Pease. Its tremendous size is seen by comparing with the tiny figures of men on the observer's platform. At a touch of a button, the whole gigantic mechanism shifts automatically to any angle desired. To the left is shown a comparison with our present large instruments POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY I Sey ROOM! HARDENE STE T ROLLERS largest of the spirals, 50,000 light-years in diameter. Within its borders many new stars have appeared from time to time. One of the brightest of these, which appeared in 1885, was just too faint to be seen with the naked eye; yet actually it was more than a hundred million times brighter than our sun! Such a star, it is believed, pours out into space energy and matter at the rate of more than two hundred trillion tons a second! It is so vast that while it is losing weight at this same terrific rate, the loss does not seem to affect it appreciably. In comparison, our sun is so insignificant that if it were placed the same distance away from us— a million light-years—it would be entirely too faint to be seen with our largest tele- scopes. N the study of spiral nebulae much re- mains a vast mystery. No one yet, for example, has solved the puzzle of the twin universes, where two spiral nebulae are very close to one another and some- times appear to be almost in contact. Here, in all likelihood, is a mighty colli- sion of universes. Then there are several “nests” of universes, places in the sky where a great number of spiral nebulae are closely packed together in a small area. Are these, perhaps, the packing houses of creation, where universes are produced wholesale and brushed up be- fore they are sent out on their journeys “EXPANSION BEARINGS. Ti ALTITUDE AND AZ(MU i} ADJUSTMENTS) through space? These are mysteries which the proposed mammoth telescope may eventually penetrate. HE construction of a monster reflector such as Mr. Pease has designed will call upon all the resourcefulness of astrono- mers, engineers and opticians. The mak- ing of a perfect disk mirror twenty-five feet in diameter, the heart of the instru- ment, will be an engineering achievement in itself. Not only must the mirror be made of materials that will remain clear and untarnished, but it must resist changes in temperature as well as pos- sible changes in the curve of its surface when tilted at various angles. The sur- face itself must be ground to a curvature which is perfect to within a millionth of an inch; otherwise distortion of images may result. In spite of its tremendous size and weight, roller bearings and electric drive will make possible the movement of the instrument by the simple touch of a button. All the astronomer will need to do to observe a certain star will be to seat himself at a switchboard and press a cer- tain button. Electricity will do the rest. Once the telescope is pointed at a star, it will remain pointed in that direction automatically. This will be accomplished by an electric clock which will keep the telescope moving just enough to counter- act the rotation of the earth on its axis.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY February, 1927 Ocean, Sun, Winds and Rocks Hold Vast Stores of Future Power Wonderful New Inventions Harness the Deep Sea and Change Coal into Artificial Gasoline and Oil from now, perhaps sooner—our children’s children will read of the doings of the year 1927, and will wonder at the wastefulness of “those quaint people of the olden days who shoveled lumps of coal into furnaces to get heat and power, and who depended on wells dug into the ground to supply oil and gasoline for their motors.” For in that day people will have learned how to bridle thé endless energy of the sun, winds and waves, and to produce man-made fuels sur- passing in efficiency and econ- omy any of the raw fire-foods which the earth now supplies in ever diminishing quantities. For evidence that such a day is coming we need only turn to the events of the last few months, and count the many amazing discoveries of new sources of fuel and power. Only the other day, for example, a noted inventor, Prof. Georges Claude, demon- strated before the French Academy of -Science that not merely the ocean waves, but the temperatures of sea water at various depths, hold im- measurable stores of usable power. He actually demon- strated a working model of a generator that draws power from the difference in tem- perature between the tepid water at the surface of tropic seas and the cold water at a depth of some 3,000 feet. In a partial vacuum, he showed, the tepid surface water will boil of its own volition. The resulting steam can be fed to a turbine, thence to a condenser which, with the aid of frigid water from the depths, increases the vacuum and consequently the effi- ciency of thesteam plant. He declared that for every forty thousand cubic feet of water a second, there could be generated 400,000 kilowatts of power, equal to the combined power of more than half a million horses. Sen day—perhaps a hundred years T ABOUT the same time, during the inauguration of high speed commer- cial wireless service between England and Canada, using the new Marconi beam system of transmission, Senator Marconi predicted that radio waves con- centrated in a directional beam, like the beam of a searchlight, eventually may be used for the transmission of power. The inventor of wireless predicted the day when cities may be lighted without wires, and when electric power may be carried from waterfalls to towns and factories without the need of cables. By Hyarr E. Grsson Recently, too, experts of England, France, Germany; Japan and America, at the International Conference on Bituminous Coal at the Carnegie Insti- tute of Technology, Pittsburgh, Pa., were revealing new discoveries in the production of synthetic gasoline and oil, Would Draw Power from the Ocean Depths Prof. Georges Claude, noted French inventor, demonstrating a working model of the generator with which he proposes to obtain power from the difference in temperature between the tepid water at the surface of tropic seas and the cold water 3,000 feet below as well as revolutionary economies in the distribution and consumption of coal resources. They pictured the engines of industry and transportation eventually propelled by cheap synthetic oil, and cities free from coal smoke. Among them were the German scien- tists, Prof. Franz Fischer and Dr. Fried- rich Bergius, both of whom have invented methods of producing oil from coal. By obtaining carbon monoxide gas from coal, Dr. Fischer reported that, adding hydrogen, he was able to obtain many artificial oils, including gasoline and lubricating oils. Dr. Bergius’ method is to reduce coal to paste and combine it with hydrogen at high temperature and pressure. The resulting fluid, he declared, has all the properties of crude petroleum, from which can be obtained gasoline and other oil products. From a ton of dry coal he claims to have obtained 140 gallons of crude oil which, when distilled and re. fined, yielded forty gallons of motor fuel, fifty gallons of Diesel engine oi, thirty-five gallons of fuel or creosoting oil, a pitch residue, and, in addition, 10,000 to 12,000 cubic feet of gas. Another fuel expert, Dr. Gustav Egloff of Chicago, asserted that the bituminous coal deposits of the United States are sufficient to supply the world with motor fuel for 800 years. This fuel, produced by low-temperature distillation of coal tars, he added, “‘will give more than double the mileage per gallon of fuel when compared with ordinary gasoline in operating a high-compression motor.” Shwe possibility of distilling coal at the mine, recover. ing the valuable oils and gas, and then transmitting these by long distance pipe lines to consumers was forecast by Harald Neilson of London, Along similar lines, Walter E. Trent, a mining engineer of New York City, revealed a new process of converting solid coal into a liquid. The coal is pulverized to the consistency of taleum powder which, when heated, becomes fluid and runs like water. This coal oil, Mr. Trent declared, eventually will be used in place of gasoline in engines at a cost of six cents a gallon, and will revolutionize mining, transportation and consumption of coal. In short, chemists, fuel ex- perts and engineers all seem to agree that we are at the begin- ning of a new era in the use of coal resources. They say that in a few years it will be considered a criminal waste to burn raw coal for heat and power. The winds and the sun are other pos- sible sources of future power. Anton Flettner’s experiments with rotor ships illustrate the efforts of science to capture the winds. That inventors may find a way to harness the sun when they know more about photo-electricity was the recent statement of Dr. Herbert E. Ives of the Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York. “It is probable,” said Dr. Ives, “that the utilization of the sun’s radiated energy by vegetation is primarily induced by photo-electric response. We may, by advancement in knowledge of photo- electricity, master ultimately the utili- zation of solar radiation, though we may have to resort to the indirect method of nature.”

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ling ver- gas, hese s to by don, r E. r of d a solid al is ency vhen runs Mr. r will ne in nts a ynize and 1 ex- m to egin- ise of that ed a heat - pos- .nton ships pture nd a know ; the Ives New T ves, liated duced , by hoto- utili- > may ethod F ebruary, 1927 ER. Amazing Experiments Reveal A Thrilling Battle for Life Four remarkable microphotographs, showing dramatically the victorious struggle of a single living cell to perpetuate itself. To arrest its whirling motion of division, op- posite sides of the cell were caught by fine needles. Notice how the cell tore itself away from the needles. Right: One of the latest types of microsurgical instruments POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ecrets Hidden zm Our Bodies Invisible Life Cells, Only 1-3000th of an Inch Long, Dissected with Marvelous New Surgical Instruments tonishing operating room in the world. I have seen a scientist take a living creature smaller than the finest speck of dust in the air—so small that thousands of them might rest comfort- ably on your thumb-nail—and perform an operation upon it, much as a doctor might operate on a human _ patient! With needle points too ‘fine and delicate for human hands to manipulate without the aid of precision instruments, he probes into the microscopic secrets of the smallest unit of life we know on earth—the single living cell. Into one of these cells, so minute that it can be seen only through the powerful lenses of a microscope, he injects chemicals, just as a physician injects drugs into a human patient with a hypodermic needle, and watches their reactions. I HAVE just come from the most as- By Epcar C. WHEELER They have discovered, for one thing, that the countless microscopic parts of which you are made are _ potentially immortal; under right conditions, they would live forever. In the laboratory these men are revealing, too, the chem- ical changes and conditions within the cells which, they believe, are responsible for old age, disease and death. There are thousands of different kinds of living cells. In the lowest forms of life, single cells sometimes live by them- selves. Such creatures are found in the sea, or creeping along the bottoms of muddy ditches. Such, too, are various kinds of disease bacteria, although these sometimes gather in colonies. But in the higher forms of life—human beings, and animals and trees—the body consists of an intricate combination of microscopic cells, each assigned a definite place and performing its own allotted task in the whole structure. Your body contains more than a thousand billion of them. Every bone, every drop of blood, every part of your flesh, is made up of © countless numbers of cells. ND every cell is composed of the strange stuff called protoplasm, a clear substance which, when seen under the microscope, resembles the jellylike part of white of egg. These tiny droplets of jelly appear, at first sight, to be featureless; without character, organs, or mechanical divisions. Yet, astonishingly, each one constitutes in itself an entire or- ganism, or being, capable of performing The ‘“‘surgeon” who performs these wonders—and he is one of a number of scientists today who are doing much the same thing—is Dr. Robert Cham- bers of the Cornell University Medi- cal School in New York City. His achievements are astonishing enough in themselves. Their real significance, however, is that they are not only disclosing new knowledge to combat disease and prolong life, but are bringing nearer than ever before an. answer to the greatest riddle of the universe—the secret of life itself. For they are giving us new glimpses of the wonderful structure and habits of the very foundation bricks of life— the minute jellylike specks of energy of which you and I and every other living thing are made. The men who, like Dr. Chambers, are devoting their lives to the study of individual life cells, have learned some surprising things about them. What It Means to Us blew the new discoveries made possi- ble by the remarkable microsurgical instruments recently devised do not offer us any promise of living forever, even if we should wish to do so, they are revealing knowledge which promises to aid immeas- urably in making human life healthier and happier over a greater span of years than ever. before: Already they have revealed astonishing facts concerning the causes of old age, disease and death. Enormous efforts have been made in recent years to discover the secrets of life hidden in those microscopic lumps of proto- plasmic jelly, ten thousand million of which make up each of our bodies. The results of these efforts, as Mr. Wheeler tells them here, are of vital interest to every one of us. all the complex functions of life, such as sensation, eating, reproduction, ex- cretion and spontaneous motion. In- deed, it is the seemingly characterless protoplasm in our bodies that enables us to see, hear, feel, grow and act. It is the only known thing in the uni- verse that really does what we call thinking. The living cells of protoplasm are little storehouses of energy. As with our bodies, when properly nourished and stimulated, this energy exerts itself in performing useful work. Un- der the microscope a single cell may be seen at its most important task— that of renewing and_ perpetuating itself. This it does in a marvelous way, by dividing to form two complete cells where one was before. These in turn divide. And so, on and on, the life force continues its process of renewal. That is how every living thing SSS, TTA. eee

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26 grows. That is how our bodies grow, from a single unit of energy to a mar- velously complex mechanism of thought and action. And that, scientists believe, is how all the crowded life of the earth has come into being. “Tf a single cell, under appropriate con- ditions, becomes a man in the space of a few years,” said Herbert Spencer once, “there surely can be no difficulty in understanding how, under appropriate conditions, a cell may in the course of untold millions of years give, origin to the human race.” It is to discover something of the chemical processes that under- lie this ceaseless stream of life that Dr. Chambers and others are prob- ing the bodies of single cells under the microscope. HE invincible power of the life force was remarkably demon- strated in a recent experiment by Dr. Chambers. His subject was a single egg cell from the sea, less than a thousandth of an inch in diameter. This he placed under the microscope. The cell began the process of division, creating within its own substance two opposing streams in the form of tiny whirl- pools. As it did so, Dr. Chambers caught up the opposite sides of the cell with extremely fine needles and stretched them out in an attempt to arrest the whirling motion of division. But the tiny unit of life would not be denied. Instead of surrendering, it tore itself viciously away from the needles which held it, and so ful- filled its destiny. Astonishing photographs showing the dramatic struggle and victory of this micro- CONTROLS FOR g (Bias VERTICAL Neck] MOVEMENT OF —* ane NEEDLES a POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY injected chemicals, he can determine the chemical characteristics of the cell substance. His discoveries recall, too, experiments conducted by Dr. W. R. Whitney, direc- tor of the General Electric Company’s research laboratory, in which Dr.Whitney demonstrated the similarity between human nerves and an electric current by means of an “electric nerve,” the vital part of which was a photo-electric cell. The eye of a frog when exposed to candle light, he reported, will generate current l- ix é FLEXIBLE TUBE FROM SYRINGE TO INJECTION NEEDLE \ YEPIECE GLASS COVERED / | OBJECTIVES OF OF NEEDLES MICROSCOPE —- _ Cg A oa / EXTENSION CONTROL 4 ’ "y \. NEEDLES. 2% The Cell-Surgeon’s Instruments This is the incredibly delicate micro-manipulating instru- OPERATING CHAMBER Mm CONTROLS FOR mum, HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS FOR NEEDLES SYRINGE FOR INJECTION OF CHEMICALS February, 1927 determined to see how long a bit of the heart of a chicken still in the egg, up. born, would live if it were put all on its own and received careful attention. The placed it in a glass jar, and surrounded it with proper nourishment. The original cells have disappeared, of course, but their descendants are there still, thriving and multiplying by division with every indication of continuing so indefinitely, Yet the embryo chick from which that heart originally came, had it been born, would have died long ago. Another astonishing experiment was the recent growing of a normal chicken’s eye from bits of embryo by: the Royal Society in London, Still other experiments at Johns Hopkins Institute have led Dr, Raymond Pearl, the director, to declare that the cells of the human body are potentially immortal when they are placed separately in conditions where they are supplied with the right food, and where their waste products are removed. UT if scientists can make these cells live on and on, why, you may ask, do we grow old and die? The reason, they tell us, is that the countless cells which compose our muscles, nerves, bones and blood are combined in a bodily machine so complex that death is the price you pay for having it. In this complicated structure the individual cells are not free to go on living their own little lives, un- molested, but are dependent for existence on countless other cells, each performing some special func- tion. So it is that an injury to one part of your body may wreck the whole wonderful machine. Or scopic creature are reproduced on the preceding page. In another experiment Dr. Chambers made a time exposure of ment as devised by Dr. Robert Chambers, of New York City, with the aid of William Farnham. Using one of the needles as a pipette, Dr. Chambers has injected chemicals into living cells so minute that they can be seen only through the powerful lenses of a microscope. His experi- ments led to new discoveries concerning cell structure poisons and enemy germs may find an entrance and play havoe with the smoothly working mechanism. To discover just how to prevent a single cell while it was beginning to divide. The resulting photo- graph showed clearly the circular mo- tion of microscopic granules contained in its substance. “FN ITS action, the living ceil,” Dr. Chambers told me, “seems to be like a tiny electric battery in which current is generated by the chemical action of an exciting liquid. Inside the cell is a central portion, or nucleus, which seems to be the inmost seat of the life forces. This is alkaline in its chem- ical characteristics. Surrounding the nucleus is an acid substance. This, in turn, is enveloped in a thin coating, or membrane, and the surface of the cell is bathed by the blood stream, which again is an alkaline solution. Here then, we have a combination which may be capable of generating energy by electro- chemical action.” One important significance of these discoveries by Dr. Chambers is that they tend to bear out the fascinating theory that the basis of all life and a!l matter is electricity. They were made possible by his invention of a wonderfully delicate instrument which enables him to inject from a syringe microscopic drops of chemicals into the heart of the cell. By- observing changes in the color of the easily measured on a_ galvanometer. “In fact,” said Dr. Whitney, “all living tissue responds to stimulation by producing electric currents.” Dr. Chambers, in his experiments, obviously cannot use living cells of human tissues. Instead, he uses mostly egg cells from the sea. ‘“‘For these cells,” he’ says, “are bathed and nourished by waters which have the same chemical properties as the human blood stream; that is why the life of the ocean is so abundant.” With the delicate needle points of his newly devised instrument, however, he has been able to dissect from the blood a red corpuscle only three thousandths of an inch thick. He expects that his instrument will be of value in studying the effects of different drugs on disease germs and the body cells which they attack. The new science of probing the secret foundations of life is only in its infancy. Other research work at the Rockefeller Institute in New York and at the Institute for Biological Research at Johns Hopkins University, have revealed the power of living cells to perpetuate themselves indefinitely. Fourteen years ago, for example, scientists at the Rockefeller Institute these poisons from accumulating in the cells and how to aid the body in fighting off disease, is the ultimate goal of the men who have found a means of dissecting cells, HE story of how this new science has been developed is a romance in it- self. The man who first conceived the idea of manipulating individual cells under a high powered microscope was an American scientist, Dr. M. A. Barber, of the University of Kansas. When he began his experiments nearly twenty years ago, the chief problem confronting him was that of obtaining a needle fine enough to handle the tiny speck. No ordinary needle would do, for the point of the finest séwing needle is as broad as a house compared with the size of a cell. To attempt to prick a living cell with it would be like trying to pick a nut witha pile driver. It would simply smash the cell. The instrument which he finally in- vented for the purpose was the point of a glass thread finer than a hair. To make it he softened a glass tube at the center by heating it in a flame, then suddenly stretched it out into a thread. He broke the thread, and one of the threads gave him the fine needle he required. The next (Continued on page 148) Febt

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he in- its ey it ut ng Ty at ‘n, nt ial yo yn. ns Yr, to an al in ir as t- ne Is in of nt er February, 1927 Future Rope From the tough fibers of hemp we get much of our rope. Above: Fili- pino carrying a bale of hemp to market. At right: Stripping the skin of the hemp plant Mr. Van Norman, the author of this article, is a Commercial Attache of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Com- merce, United States Department of Commerce.—The Editor. 5 UR modern civilization hangs on () two slender threads, as slender as a strand of silk or a bit of tissue paper. And both these strands or threads are made of bricks.” We were strolling—not long ago— across the piazza of one of the North Italian cities, an industrial chemist and myself. My companion, a keen young Milanese, pointed to a handsome new building just going up. We had been talking about a new vegetable silk which was being made in Italy. “Tl Duce—the great Mussolini,” he observed with a smile, “has persuaded these fellows, these bricklayers, to work an hour more a day for the glory and profit of Italy. But they can’t lay bricks as fast as we can in our factory. And they can’t make as many different and wonderful things with their bricks as we do with ours.” “You’ve got me,” I replied. “What's the answer? I did not know that your firm used bricks. I thought you made a new kind of silk called rayon.” The chemist smiled again. “Yes, we do,” he observed calmly, “but we make it out of bricks.” “Tell me about it,” I urged, but he caught my arm again. “Here,” he said with a twinkle in his eye, as he dropped How Vegetable Fibers Supply Us with Homes, Clothing, Paper, and a Million Other Needs Louis E. Van NorMAN POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Nature’s Wonderful Bricks Building By a few centesimi into the outstretched hand of the newsboy. “Here,” handing me the evening paper: “This is made of br:cks, too.” “Houses, silk, and newspapers—all made of bricks?” “Yes,” he smiled, “and many, many other things, too. But we must divide the bricks into two classes: those made by nature and those made by man.” Over our lunch we chatted. He told me the fascinating story of vegetable bricks out of which the ingenuity and in- dustry of man is constructing such a bewildering list of things for his need, comfort and pleasure. “Did you ever stop to think,” asked my Italian professor acquaintance, “that the fibers and cells which make up the principal parts of flowering plants are really nature’s bricks and mortar? Per- haps you did—although I doubt it. But I am sure you have never realized just how many truly wonderful things modern machinery, guided by the industrial chem- ist, is fashioning out of these bricks.” ROM fiber as a raw stuff, he went on to explain, we get cellulose, a sort of ‘mother stuff.” We sort the bricks and discard the mortar—making new connec- tions of our own. Built up on this is an ever expanding list of paper products, and the many moisture-resisting com- pounds out of which we are fashioning all sorts of containers and nonconductors, our celluloid and guncotton. But most ‘ 27 Artificial Silk from Plants A view in a modern rayon factory, where vege- table fiber is transformed into lustrous stockings and many other useful articles. Rayon has revo- lutionized the making of clothes. More than 200,000,000 pounds of it were produced last year important of all, perhaps, we get the beautiful fabrics and textiles from which we make the clothes we wear and the wrappings for our boxes, bales, and other receptacles for transporting goods. “It is really wonderful,” he said, “what we make out of these bricks. Your daily newspaper, the letterhead and blotter on your desk, the ‘cardboard’ carton in which the morning cereal reaches you, the milk container, your waste basket, the covering which keeps the electric wir- ing in your walls from setting fire to the house and protects your telephone wires, the wardrobe trunk in which your wife keeps her traveling things, and your daughter’s new siJk dress! All these are made of fiber, the same ‘mother sub- stance’ which the modern chemist, like the genie of Aladdin’s lamp, has com- manded to appear out of various forms of vegetable fiber.” es OU mean that any kind of plant furnishes us with this fiber, these wonderful vegetable bricks?” I asked. “No, not exactly. But the list of those plants which do furnish the basic material for cellulose is quite large already. And it is lengthening all the time. The prin- cipal plants now are: cotton, the most important, followed by flax (linen), hemp, jute, esparto (a variety of North African grass), bamboo, straw, cornstalks, sugar cane, wood pulp (from such soft wood trees as the spruce and hemlock), papy- rus, china grass (ramie), even cactus, and sage brush, and a few newly introduced plant substances of a minor but growing importance.”

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Mountains of Wood for Paper Twenty-five thousand tons of wood pulp stacked in a huge pile at a paper mill in northern New York. The man at the top looks like a speck in com- parison. So rapidly are our forests being stripped of pulp wood that soon new fibrous materials will be necessary to supply our demands for paper “Of course, we all know paper and some of the principles of its manufacture. Paper is an old friend of the human race. But,” I queried, “what has paper to do with some of these hard fibrous substances you have just mentioned?” “TT’S a long story,” he said, “too long to tell here. But it has come to a division of raw material between the tex- tile weaver and the paper maker. The latter uses what the former throws away. The spinner of yarn for textiles must have long and strong fibers. And so he tries to build up the separate fibrous elements into thin, tough lengths, such as cotton, jute, hemp, sisal, flax. The paper maker, on the other hand, wants a pulpy mass with all the elements reduced to their smallest size, so that he can make a sheet or web of varying thickness and strength. When he uses rags as his raw stuff, he finds that the textile maker has already done part of his work for him. “The natural bricks we get from plant fibers we make into cellulose. Never mind the long chemical formula of this. It is, in simplest terms, a ‘carbohydrate.’ This particular carbohydrate is what the chemist calls inert, and that is why we can make so many uses of it.” “T don’t understand.” “Well, let us translate it into terms of character. An inert substance is unre- sponsive and obstinate. No chemical can crystallize it. Further, it gives up foreign matter quite readily. In fact, cellulose resists all action by chemicals, ex- cept in the case of one or two so-called solvents which turn it into what the chemists call a vis- cous compound. This compound can be forced mechanically, at high pressure, into the form of fine threads. And from these threads we make the now famous rayon fabric. When the natural vegetable bricks POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Walls of Sugar Fibers from various kinds of plants are being sub- stituted more and more fer lumber in buildings. The house under .con- struction below is sheathed with heat-insu- lating fiber board manu- factured from sugar cane which form cellulose are treated by boil- ing, washing, and bleaching, they turn out to be paper, and the things we make from it. When they are treated in an- other way, they come out of the mill or factory as textiles. There you have the whole story.” Cotton is pure cellulose. It comes to us with the separation of fiber and cell (brick and mortar) already made by nature. It grows naturally as a mass of fine fiber, with no foreign elements. This purity permits it to be used directly in the manufacture of guncotton for our high explosives. This fiber, when treated, has properties which in many ways make it superior to steel, iron, wood, leather, hard rubber, and other more expensive materials. It is tougher than horn, almost as hard as iron, and yet lighter than aluminum. Moreover (it is claimed), it actually im- proves with age. As it comes from the factory it is in sheets or tubes, from which are made machined parts, containers, boards, trunks, and many other products. The journey of plant fiber from its be- ginnings to one of the latest finished prod- ucts today—say, in a wardrobe trunk— is a fascinating one. The journey from fiber to trunk may be either by way of Se gk, As wehs* ae — é ge * OEP Pe oe hy ‘ ee * ——_ 4 Py * * ORES Be RIO catena Se Harvesting Straw in a Grain Field of the Middle West Hats, paper, cardboard, mats and baskets are just a few of the useful articles that come from the fibrous stalks of wheat, rye, oats and barley. Photograph shows how machines harvest straw, a valuable farm by-product February, 1927 the paper or the textile route. All that js necessary is that the original bricks—the fiber—be reclaimed, and made available for the construction of new things. And how full of real human interest this jour. ney is! AST summer, on the outskirts of Bucharest, the Rumanian capital, I saw a little dark-eyed gypsy girl, with a form like a bronze statue. She lay sun- ning herself by the dirty little stream that winds through the city. Her skin was clean, but the rags she wore as clothes were indescribably tattered and. dirty, What posed as a skirt was made of some. thing which had once been a fresh dotted calico or print, Could this remnant possibly be of any further use in the world? A representative of the Y, W. C. A., who was looking on, told me that this ragged skirt (which she herself had given the child) was of American cot- ton, spun and woven in Eng- land. Was it by a dramatic coincidence that on the same day statistics from Washington informed us that an increasing proportion of the old rags used in fabricating fiber trunks were coming to American factories from this part of the Old World? Perhaps it was. At any rate, when a few days later I met in a shop, on the fashionable street of Bucharest, a lady of the Court purchas- ing an American wardrobe trunk, I per- mitted myself to piece out the story some- thing like this: COTTON planter in one of our South- ern States, say Louisiana, sends ‘his bales from New Orleans to Manchester, England. The English mills make up a cheap printed calico, which a drummer sells in Prague. There my acquaintance of the Y. W. C. A. finds the bit of goods, which she afterwards makes up into a petticoa: and gives to the little Rumanian gypsy. When this has become too dirty and shapeless for even a Zigan girl, it is thrown into the canal-like river which runs through Bucharest. Other gypsies fish it out and sell it to a Jewish agent who * gathers great quantities of such rags, and periodically sells them to dealers in New York. The rest of the process can be seen in many a factory. It is merely one of Am- erican mechanical skill in washing, macer- ating, chemically treating, and pressing the pulp into the (Continued on page 146) ae en nn | anath teh neh 2 2 ek a oh eee oe a hal oa Caen 64a ob

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wm SP fe ee (ee > & fa ese a . y e February, 1927 To the Moon , at 7 M 1 [ CS f a Second! | Engineers Plan Strange New Five-Ton Rocket By H. C. Davis HEN Charles Fitzhugh Talman W of the U. S. Weather Bureau prophesied in last month’s PopuLAR ScrENCE Monruty the marvels of meteorology we may see in 1927, one of the possibilities he mentioned was that Prof. Robert H. Goddard of Clark Uni- versity might perfect his long-awaited moon rocket. Man’s fascinating dream of reaching the moon is progressing from a Jules Verne fancy to a cold problem of mathe- matical and engineering calculations. That such a feat is considered within the range of possibility is evidenced by the activities of scientists in Europe as well as in America. Two of them, Prof. Her- man Oberth and Dr. Franz Hoeff, of Vien- na, are constructing a five-ton rocket ship in which they hope to reach the moon in two days. Already they have experi- mented with small model rockets which are reported to have reached altitudes of several miles, return- ing to earth by means Drawn by Ray Warde POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY of parachutes which opened automati- cally when the rockets ceased their climb. Another project is that of Max Valier, young Austro-Bavarian astronomer and aviator, who is also at work on a rocket- driven “space ship.” All of these plans are based on virtually the same principle. Each proposes a pro- jectile-shaped ship propelled by the continuous combus- tion of fuel which it carries. The reaction or “kick-back” from the blast of exhaust gas, they calculate, would drive the rocket at terrific speed. Professor Oberth’s design, for example, calls for a triple “ rocket :in one unit; that is, the shell of the rocket would contain three explosive cham- bers in the rear, the first car- rying alcohol, and the other two liquid hydrogen. Such a rocket, he estimates, could exceed a speed of seven miles a second. As the rocket pro- _ Whizzing through Space Now that the North Pole has been con- quered, visionary aviators and scientists are training their guns on the bleak face of earth’s nearest satellite. Here is shown our artist’s conception of the moon rocket with which the Austrians hope to be the first to make the attempt, shot from the huge mortar below gressed, its speed would be increased by dropping off the shells of the exhausted explosive chambers, lessening the weight. What would it be like to travel through space in a ship of this kind? In the first place, once the regions beyond gravity had been gained, the passengers would float like spirits in mid-air—a de- tail the moon voyagers have provided for by supplying straps with which the pas- sengers will be fastened to the walls. Since no liquids would flow, the passen- gers would be forced to suck their drinks from bottles through rubber nipples! OW the rocket could make a safe landing on the moon, or how the return voyage could be accomplished are problems apparently unsolved. Dr. Hoeff, however, has invented an ingenious steer- ing device to guide the rocket and prevent it from wandering aimlessly in space. A few weeks ago a number of astron- omers, engineers and physicists, meeting in Vienna, formed a Society for the Ex- ploration of the Universe to promote Oberth’s project. The initial plan on its program is to shoot a flashlight rocket to the moon and observe its explosion through a telescope. OBSERVATION WINDOWS SAFETY BULKHEAD STORAGE CHAMBERS WOULD DROP OFF HERE | FOR FOOD AND OXYGEN ¢ HYDROGEN ROCKET CHAMBERS DISCHARGED CHAMBERS # = | Cross section of Professor Oberth’s proposed ship, showing the pilots’ cabin in the nose and explosive chambers in the rear. Its tremendous speed of seven miles a second would be increased still further by dropping off the shells of the exhausted alcohol and hydrogen rockets, the head then rushing on by itself

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| | ia 1 Safeguarded by Science While deep-sea diving always will remain exclusively the job of fearless men, inven- tive science is robbing it of its worst haz- ards. Above, a diver in full equipment famous British deep-sea div- er, was at work salvaging gold from a sunken vessel when, at a depth of 165 feet, he became sud- denly aware that his diving suit was dangerously over-inflated with air. By in- stinct he reached to open a valve in his metal helmet that would let the surplus air escape. He was too late. Before he could touch the valve, his weighted feet left the ocean floor and he shot upward like a gas-filled balloon. He was helpless. Once begun, the mad jour- ney became increasingly swift as the pres- sure of water lessened and the air in his diving suit expanded. Almost before he had time to think, he was catapulted to the surface. There he floundered, head downward, unable to right himself. In the language of divers, he had “blown up.” Quick action by tenders on the diving boat was all that saved Lambert from death. But they were powerless to save him from a fate almost as terrible. The sudden change from heavy air pressure in the deep to normal pressure at the sur- face had the effect of paralyzing him for life. He fell victim to the disease known as the “bends,” most dreaded of the perils that divers face when they explore the bottom of the sea. A LEXANDER LAMBERT, HIS strange malady, which cripples or kills countless submarine workers, is a peril which, more than any other, has hampered speedy undersea construction or salvaging operations. In recent years scientists and inventors have tried to find an effective remedy. Now success appears to be in sight. For they have hit upon the idea of mixing helium, the non-inflam- mable gas used for inflation of airships, with oxygen, and substituting this mix- ture for the compressed air which ordi- narily is pumped to divers, working be- POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY February, 1927 Man’s New Conovest Helium Enables Divers to Explore Ocean’s Bed at Greater Depths In the new remedy, the nitrogen, which consti. tutes seventy-nine per cent of natural air, is re. placed by helium gas, which, it is said, will not form dangerous bubbles, HE method is the result of long re search by the Navy, the Public Health Service and the U. S. Bureau of Mines. Their investiga. tions have included tests in a large pressure cham. ber installed in the Pitts- burgh experiment. sta- tion of the Bureau of Mines. The chamber is filled with helium-oxy- gen atmosphere, and is equipped with electric Marks Turning Point in Diving History Divers who breathe a mixture of helium and oxygen can work safely at greater depths and for longer periods, Bureau of Mines tests show. The first experiments, as shown above, were made by placing small animals in a decompression cylinder simulating diving conditions neath the surface. Not only will this helium-oxygen atmosphere aid in prevent- ing the bends, they say, but it will enable divers to remain submerged for longer periods of time and to descend to depths heretofore impossible. The present ex- treme limit is about 300 feet down. HE conditions which cause the bends are fairly well known. Broadly speak- ing, the disease results from the tremen- dous pressures to which the diver’s body is subjected. Air at pressure slightly above that of surrounding water must be pumped into his diving suit to enable him to work at great depths. The air which surrounds us nofmally exerts a pressure of about fourteen pounds to the square inch. For every two feet that a diver descends, this pressure is increased one pound a square inch. At a hundred feet it becomes about fifty pounds to the square inch, equivalent over the entire body to a weight of nearly fifty tons. Only a sturdy body can stand the strain. The real danger lies not so much in ac- tual submersion as in the chance of too speedy ascent, with sudden change from high to low pressure. This causes a wrench to the human mechanism which is beyond endurance. What happens is that nitrogen gas, absorbed from the air by the body at high pressure, forms bub- bles in the blood and tissues when the pressure is suddenly released, much as “soda pop” bubbles when the bottle con- taining it is opened. Excruciating pain is the result. If the bubbles are formed in the spinal cord or brain, they 'may cause paralysis or death. lights, telephone, win- dows, and control ap- withstand test pressures as high as 1,000 pounds to the square inch. Twice the experiments were interrupted by emergency calls for supplies of the he- lium air for use in actual diving operations, One of these occasions was during the salvaging of the submarine S-5/, rammed and sunk off the coast of Rhode Island. Here helium was used successfully in emergency treatment of divers who showed symptoms of the bends. At present, if a diver comes to the sur- face too quickly, either as a result of some accident or of his own impatience, almost his only hope of escaping the bends is recourse to “The Iron Doctor.” This is a decompression chamber, an air-tight room in which the diver is given atmospheric pressure of gradually di- minishing strength, allowing him to ad- just himself to the outside pressure by easy stages. ANY times the Iron Doctor has been a life-saver, bit never more dra- matically than during the desperate at- tempts of divers to raise the sunken sub- marine F-4 at-Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, when one Navy diver barely escaped with his life and another became a hero. Diver W. F. Loughman, chief gunner’s mate, was working 250 feet down when his lines became fouled. The men above caught his signal of distress—three sharp pulls on his life line. They tried vainly to raise him. He was stuck. In the emergency Chief Gunner Frank Crilley, a skilled Navy diver, went down to the rescue. He found Loughman badly tangled and all but helpless. For more than an hour Crilley struggled to free his comrade. When at last the lines were paratus, all designed to - a a eo ee ie Ca ok ee oe eee

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the sti- per re- as, not les, the re- the rice 1 of iga- ests am- tts- sta- of r is XYy- tric vin- 1 to - res inds ted he- ons, the med and. in who sur- t of nce, the or. an iven di- ad- > by been dra- » at- sub- vail, uped 1ero. 1er’s yhen ove harp inly rank own adly nore e his were February, 1927 of the LEEP By Norman C. McLoup cleared he was forced to return to the surface for a new line to replace one that he had been compelled to cut. Ignoring the danger of diving a second time with- out an interval of rest, he immediately returned to Loughman, adjusted the new line, and signaled for the rescued man to be hauled up. Then he himself emerged and entered the Iron Doctor to ward off an attack of the bends. Meanwhile, orders had been issued to bring Loughman up slowly to allow his body to adjust itself to decreased pres- sure. Accordingly, when he had reached a depth of a hundred feet the tenders stopped hauling in the line. They failed to reckon, however, with the impatience of a man who had been trapped for hours in a diving suit. Loughman began climb- ing up the ladder which hung from the side of the salvaging vessel. Fifteen minutes later, having reached a depth of forty feet, he collapsed. a... was only one thing to do. That was to bring him up quickly. By all rules, the trip to the top should have taken five hours; actually it took forty-two minutes. This meant that Loughman was in grave peril. To make matters worse, the one available Iron Doctor was occupied by Crilley. It was decided to treat both men at once, de- spite their different needs. When Loughman was placed in the chamber he was like a dead man. For nine hours he remained under treatment in the chamber; yet even this did not ward off the bends, which kept him in the hospital for more than two months. Crilley, after five hours in the Iron Doctor, recovered completely. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY In the life of every deep-sea diver such nar- row escapes are all in the day’s work. While im- provements in equip- ment, including undersea telephones, searchlights and cutting torches, have lessened the dangers, still there remain count- less unseen hazards and pitfalls that never can be reckoned with. HE divers, for ex- ample, who salvaged more than $27,000,000 worth of gold from the White Star Liner Lau- rentic, sunk off the coast of Ireland in 1917, had to battle with terrific gales, shifting sands, and a continually moving tangle of wreckage. To recover buried bars of gold they literally wore their fingers raw digging with their hands into the closely packed sand of the ocean bed. One strange mishap during these opera- tions is recalled by Lieut. Commander E. L. B. Damant, a member of the crew of the salvage ship Racer. | “To prevent the air pipes from drag- ging on their helmets and hampering their work,” he said, “the divers were accustomed to tie the pipes to the wreckage, leaving themselves a certain amount of slack. One day a diver was working head downward when the trou- sers of his suit became inflated with air and he started to rise upside down. Half- way between the wreck and the surface he was halted by his airline, and there he was suspended, upside down. “On the deck of the ship we heard his muf- fled voice over the tele- phone: ‘“There’s water coming into my helmet,’ he was saying. ‘Be as quick as you can.’ “Another diver went down. Standing astride the lashed air line, he cut it loose. Instantly both men shot to the surface. The severed line had dragged the rescuer along with the man he had freed.” Test Tank for Helium ‘‘Air’’ In this giant tank several divers voluntarily subjected themselves to Bureau of Mines tests to determine the value of the new helium-oxygen air in undersea diving operations 31 Lowering a Diver for His Day’s Work Descending and ascending must be done in slow stages, or com- pressed air sickness, paralysis, even death may result. This is now done by means of a metal platform, lowered over the side of the barge. Note the heavily weighted feet of the diver, to help him maintain his equilibrium while working under the sea Of all the skilled divers of Uncle Sam’s Navy, the man who might well claim a record for close calls is Chief Torpedoman Francis Smith, one of the heroes in the salvaging of the S-51. His feat of saving himself from a cave-in of sand while dig- gipg a tunnel under the hulk of the sunk- en submarine remains one of the most amazing adventures in the annals of the undersea. Not only did he wash himself out of the sand which buried him, using the powerful stream from a fire hose with which he had been digging the tunnel, but once free, he immediately went back to work in the hole which had almost been his grave. GAIN, in Sturgeon Bay, Lake Michi- gan, where divers were at work on the wreck of the steamer Lakeland, Smith found himself entangled in a mass of floating, sodden rope that had drifted into the engine room. It clung to him like tentacles, enmeshing him until he was unable to move. He telephoned to his tenders to send down a knife. After moments of suspense the knife reached him at the end of a rope, and he finally cut his way clear of the trap. Of the same stamp is “Big Harry” Rheinhartsen, another of the crew that grappled with the S-51. The most treacherous bottom he ever explored, he tells us, was that of Lake Parsippanong, a supply reservoir near Boonton, N. J. There, some months ago, he undertook to recover the body of a game warden who had been drowned. Farm lands had been flooded to form the reservoir, and the bottom was strewn with fallen trees and wreckage. Eight times he plunged into icy waters, risking his life at the very spot where another diver, Johnny Hoar, had met (Continued on page 144)

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aber - expectations. 32 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY February, 1927 W hat Can You Make of ‘Those 14 Puzzling Pieces? The Howling Dog—First Prize F. A. Van Wormer, Yamhill, Ore. down the years from ancient Syra- cuse, and could witness the ingenuity of present-dayreaders of PopULARSCIENCE MonrTHu.y in solving his fascinating Sto- machion puzzle game, it is quite cer- tain that he would open his eyes in aston- ishment. In our November issue, you will recall, we described this puzzle, invented by the famous Greek mathematician twenty centuries ago and lately discovered on an ancient parchment. The game seemed to hold such interesting possibilities that we offered cash prizes to those of our readers who could create the most lifelike animal figures by arrangement of the fourteen geometric pieces contained in the puzzle. The results, some of which are repro- duced on these pages, were beyond all The winners in the con- test, whose names are announced here, as well as the hundreds of other con- testants, proved by their entries that the Stomachion of Archimedes is unsur- passed as a test of ingenuity and origi- nality, as well as an entertaining pastime. I’ OLD Archimedes could journey R this reason, we are offering this month another contest similar in character, with a new set of cash prizes. The list of these prizes, together with the rules of the contest, appear on the opposite page. You will see that the new contest is similar to the preceding one, with a single exception. This time, instead of animal figures, the competition calls for human figures. The prizes will be awarded to those readers who submit the best original de- signs of human figures made from the fourteen pieces of the Stomachion. For the benefit of readers who have not yet made the acquaintance of the Stoma- chion, a diagram showing its construction is presented here. The game consists of fourteen small pieces of flat cardboard or -wood which you cut into specified geomet- ric shapes. When fitted together as in the diagram they form a perfect rectangle, exactly twice as long as it is wide. To play the game, you simply rearrange the fourteen pieces as best you can to form a recog- Most of them are triangles. | , Test Your Skill in Our \ Fascinating Archimedes Prize Contest These Readers Designed Prize-Winning Animals Following is the list of prize winners who submitted the best figures of animals in our November Stomachion Contest: FIRST PRIZE—$25 F. A. Van Wormer, Yamhill, Ore. SECOND PRIZE—$15 Ted Davis, Fresno, Calif. THIRD PRIZE—$10 Frank G. Davis, Springfield, O. FIVE $5 PRIZES Frank Logan, South Bend, Ind. Daniel O’Connor, Davenport, Iowa Frank C. Rice, Newport, R. I. Fred Wilhelm, Buffalo, N. Y. A. E. Warren, Ada, Ohio TEN $2.50 PRIZES Clarence Beck, West Bend, Wis. E. V. Bowers, New Ross, Ind. Dr. R. P. Burke, Montgomery, Ala. Miss G. V. Diplock, Plainfield, N. J. Edith Duncan, Alameda, Calif. R. P. Frutchey, Paterson, N. J. Mrs. Asher Miller, Bloomsburg, Pa. Paul B. Nuzum, Milton, W. Va. S. F. Ryals, Durkee, Ore. E. E. Sinclair, Wrangell, Alaska nizable figure. It is possible to create many different kinds of* original figures representing people, animals, birds, build- ings, and countless other objects. In the present contest, however, the game is to see who can design the most lifelike and original figure of a human being. Here is a wide and fascinating field in which to exercise your creative ability; for you cannot be satisfied with design- ing a stiff, expressionless figure, however recognizable it may be. Instead, the goal is to put character and action into your The Runaway Mule—Third Prize Frank G. Davis, Springfield, O, The Camel—Second Prize Ted Davis, Fresno, Calif. creation, until the geometric lines and angles, combined, actually seem to live, To get the spirit of the competition, probably the best way is first to study some of the prize winning animal figures submitted by PopuLar Science MONTHLY readers and reproduced here. What could be a more perfect or lifelike repre- sentation of a dog “baying the moon,” for example, than the “Howling Dog” which wins the first prize? You can al- most hear him howl. Notice how ingeni- ously the pieces are fitted to mold the body into action. tx TAKE the second prize winner, “The Camel,” and study how hard lines and angles can be blended and softened into the contour of an easy- going beast of the desert. Then, for swift action and realism that amounts to comedy, look at the flying heels of “‘The Runaway Mule,” the third prize winner. If you find yourself chuckling at this “critter,” you may know that you are on the way to becoming a real Stomachion fan. Such figures as these may appear simple enough, as completed. Actually, though, they represent the solution of brain-twisting problems, as you will soon discover when you try to design a figure yourself. That’s what makes the Sto- machion such an intriguing puzzle—its name, you know, means “the thing that drives one wild.” While it may be simple enough to design a formal figure of a man, for instance, the rub comes when you try to give your figure lifelike pro- portions and make it express a definite idea or action. To play the game the first thing to do is to make the fourteen pieces. The sim- plest way is to cut them from a picce of good quality cardboard, or they can be made from wood, wallboard, or other similar material. To lay out the pieces follow the diagram on page 33. First draw on the board an exact rectangle, just twice as long as it is wide, represented in the diagram by ABCD. Next, mark the middle points of the top and bottom lines of the rectangle, thus fixing the ' points marked E and F on the diagram. ee OI ef aA Soe eS sa Mee a ee ee ee ee ee en ee ee ee

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aan Of ner, ard and aSY- wilt to The ner, this are nion pear lly, 1 of soon yure Sto- —its that nple of a ‘hen pro- nite » do sim- e of 1 be ther eces ‘irst igle, nted rark tom the ram. February, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Draw the line EF and the diagonals AD, CE, and ED, fixing the point G. Your rectangle now is divided into two equal squares. Taking first the left-hand square, halve the line AG, thus fixing the point H. Draw the line CH. Then bisect the line CF, fixing the point J. Bisect also the line CG, obtaining the point K; then bisect the line KG, fixing the point L. By drawing the lines JK and JL, connect- Sadia ei A D ing these points just determined, you complete the construction of the left- hand square of the rectangle. URNING next to the right-hand square, which already is traversed by the two diagonals, ED and AD, bisect the diagonal ED, thus fixing the point M. Draw the line FM. Bisect the vertical line BD, fixing the point N, and then further bisect the line BN, fixing the point P. Drawing the lines MN and MP completes the construction. The points R and § are fixed automatically by the intersection of the lines, and do not take part in the construction. Now number each of the fourteen pieces as indicated in the diagram. This done, cut out the pieces carefully along the lines you have drawn. Spreading them at random on a table before you, you are ready now to try to fit them together to form your human figure. You are allowed to use the pieces in any position desired, provided you do not alter their form and dimensions. If you wish, you can turn any one of them over on its reverse face. Furthermore, Archi- medes’ own instructions provide that the pieces need not be exactly in contact with each other, although large gaps between them are considered as actual gaps in the design and taken into account when the Moose at Rest The Goat Daniel O’Connor, age Fred Wilhelm, 14, Davenport, Ia. Buffalo, N. Y. How to Make the Stomachion On a piece of cardboard or wood, draw a rectangle exactly twice as long as it is wide; then divide the rectangle as shown in this diagram and explained in the accompanying article. Finally, cut out the fourteen numbered pieces along the dividing lines lifelike character of the figure is judged. At the outset you may find yourself all at sea; the pieces will seem to have a con- trary way of refusing to match as you wish them to. But don’t be discouraged. With a little practice they will begin to fall naturally into place in your design, and the chances are you will become so engrossed in the problem that you will refuse to leave it until the figure is com- pleted. In the contest just ended, scores of readers wrote to us telling how they eventually arrived at success out of a seemingly hopeless beginning. The fol- lowing letter from one of the contestants is typical of their experiences: ‘| DECIDED I was going to make a rabbit,” he says. “My Stomachion was made from a two-by-four inch rec- tangle. After several unsuccessful at- tempts I finally did make something that looked like a rabbit, but it was a terribly proportioned one. After several more attempts, I hit upon the happy combi- 33 nation. It was by no means an easy task, however, although it proved to be very interesting. Before I had fin- ished my Stomachion rabbit, I had learned much about the correct pro- portioning of its various parts.” So many excellent figures, worked out in this manner, were submitted in the contest that the judges found it extremely difficult to decide on the winners. Every conceivable kind of animal was attempted, even strange prehistoric monsters. Among them were lizards, apes, ant-eaters, kanga- roos, lions, alligators, frogs, rhinoc- eroses, hippopotamuses, dinosaurs, squirrels, sharks, foxes, elephants, fishes, bears, moths, llamas, deer, skunks, bison, pigs, and so on. Dogs, cats, horses, rabbits and camels, however, seemed to be most popular. In one instance an entire high school geometry class at West Liberty, O., took part in the contest. Many letters came from men and women who found the game an entertaining form of relaxation. } DESIGNING a figure for the contest, the most important rule to remember is that you must use every one of the four- teen pieces. None can be left over. It is this rule which lifts the Stomachion out of the ordinary run of puzzles. For while it is comparatively easy to make a figure using a majority of the pieces, the real thrill comes in including the two or three pieces likely to be left over. The game is full of surprise, fun, and thrills. Every member of your family and your friends, old and young alike, will enjoy it with you. You will find it not only entertaining, but also valuable in sharpening your wits, training your per- ception of form and measurement, and stimulating your inventiveness. The Bulldog Charging Bull Rhino Brontosaurus A. E, Warren, Frank Logan, Frank C. Rice, Ada, Ohio South Bend, Ind. Newport, R. I. N PRESENTING a new Stomach- ion contest this month, PoPpuLAR ScIENCE MonTHLy offers $100 in cash prizes to those readers who sub- mit the best original designs of human figures made from the fourteen pieces of the Archimedes puzzle game de- scribed on these pages. The various prizes are listed herewith. he desires. pieces must be used. Read the Rules of Our New In a previous contest the game was limited, for purposes of competition, to designs of animal figures. confined to human figures. One figure constitutes an entry, but any contestant may submit as many separate entries as In the construction of your figure, all fourteen The pieces may be used in any position desired, even turned over on their reverse faces, provided their form and dimen- THE PRIZES MUMGtEIZO. os, oo coc es wei $25 Second Prize.............. 15 ft tre) tg |p 10 Five Prizes, $5 each ....... 25 Ten Prizes, $2.50 each..... 25 Total Prizes............. This time it is Stomachion Contest sions are not altered. Each piece must be numbered according to the num- bered diagram given on this page. Decisions of the judges will be based on the originality and lifelike character of the figure, and on neatness and skill in presentation. The sole judges in the contest will be the Board of Editors of PoPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, and their decisions will be final. In case of ties, the full amount of the prize will be given to each tying contestant. You need not buy PoPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY to compete. You can borrow a copy from a friend or examine one at any office of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY or at public libraries. All entries must be mailed or delivered not later than February 28 to the Puzzle Editor, PoPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York City. NEXT MONTH—ANOTHER CONTEST IN THIS FASCINATING SERIES

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SE By PETER VISCHER ; POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Nine Chances to One You Don’t Know February, 1927 How to BREATHE Do This Every Morning in Your Own Home Arthur A. McGovern, one of the foremost experts on physical exercise in the United States, gives on these pages the exercises he recommends to develop correct breathing habits and posture. He is shown here teaching one of them to a pupil. This is Exercise 6, described in the article, for developing the muscles between the ribs in chest breathing how to do the first thing they learn in this life, the one thing they practice every single minute of the night and day as long as they live: how to breathe. Arthur A. McGovern, before whom thousands have passed with broken Nice people out of ten don’t know health and shattered spirit, will tell you. that most of us don’t know how to breathe, how to walk, stand or sit properly, how to exercise. Most of us, he says, don’t know how to do the few simple little things that bring strength and glowing health, color to the cheek, light to the eye. Why? Because people are lazy and careless and reckless. “People generally,” says McGovern, “‘refuse to take any more breath than they have to. All about them is fine, clean, fresh air, vital to life and happiness and free to all. Yet they take just enough to keep the spark glowing. “Every baby knows how to breathe. And yet with growth and experience, intelligent men and wom- en allow their bodies to become lazy, almost inert. They permit their chests to grow narrow. They sit and lie in postures that hinder the lungs from expanding for their full share of that least expensive of all elixirs, fresh air. “Lots of people exercise; I know it. But many of them do more harm than good. They arise in the morn- ing and go through a few minutes of violent bending and dipping. Oth- ers crowd a whole week’s exercise into Saturday and Sunday, actually in- juring themselves in doing so.” HESE statements are drawn from a deep well of first-hand experience. For while McGovern came from a family of athletes and started his career as a boxer, it took the realities of the war to reveal to him the mistakes people make trying to keep well. “I worked in hospitals and with doc- tors,” he told me. ‘“‘I learned that there is an inner man which is more vital than the outer man. Many of the exercises I had used for training. in my boxing days I found to be actually injurious. I had to revise my ideas about exercise en- tirely.”’ : Later, as a director of clinics, McGov- ern was further impressed by the need- The Babe Gets in Trim Babe Ruth reconditions himself completely at the be- ginning of a season by correct breathing and exercising. He is especially benefited by this breathing exercise (Exercise 4, in the article), limbering and raising the upper chest and expanding the upper part of the lungs And most of us don’t stand or sit properly— Exercises to increase your daily effictency less suffering which comes through i igno. rance or neglect of proper exercise. Asa consequence, he established in New York City a gymnasium of his own, where he put into practice what he had learned, To it hundreds of men have come, some with broken nerves; others with bodies wrenched by the wear and tear of unbal- anced living; and by consistent, scientific exercise, they have found new life and vigor. HERE was S. L. Rothafel—‘‘Roxy,” as he is known to radio fans the coun- try over. ‘Pretty well shot,” was the way he described himself when he first entered the gym. Too busy bringing entertainment to others, one day he woke up to the fact that the machinery of his body was running askew. Consistently, he set about to restore it, practicing cor- rect breathing and a few exercises. To- day he tells his friends that he is “‘a new man.” In more than one instance the gymna- sium has stepped in where doctors and operations have failed. Sometimes a physician encounters a particularly ob- stinate case—a man, say, who is narrow chested, “‘chicken breasted,” with his lungs pushing against his diaphragm, crowding his intestines and stomach. Such aman was a Wall Street executive, fifty years old, who, although six feet tall, never weighed more than 140 pounds. His physi- cian sent him to McGovern. “That man was literally starving to death for air,””» McGovern told me. *‘He was operated on for intestinal troubles, when all he needed was air. Once he learned how to breathe prop- erly, his lung capacity was increased and his stomach and intestines were raised to normal positions. By the exercising, his chest expansion grew in three months from less than two inches to more than five. His weight advanced to 154 and in a year he'll weigh forty pounds more. HIS was no miracle. The man just wasn’t getting air, and with- out air he couldn’t live. He now gets more oxygen in three hours than he used to get in a day.” McGovern told me that even afflic- tions as serious as curvature of the spine may yield to right breathing and exercise. Some time ago @ young girl of seventeen came to him, ~ mae TNs of m—s & fe Soma a gl ll — lo ee i - m -| eo oa rs Ss eas 2 ie ae | so > oOo ="040.,0 or wf

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Sa ork he ied, yme lies pal- ‘ific and y un- the irst jing oke tly, 20r- To- lew na- and 3 a ob- row gm, Vall rho, hed ysi- ying me. inal rop- ised vere the Tew two ight he'll man ith- now han flic- the hing 0 8 him, ‘In fact, he says breathing, like ex- February, 1927 "suffering from this malady. She weighed only ninety-seven pounds and her chest expansion was just one half inch. She Jearned to breathe correctly. In two months she gained twelve pounds in weight and her chest expansion increased tofour inches. The curvature disappeared. “The progress of that girl was extraordinary,” said Mc- Govern. “By learning how to breathe in the daytime she unconsciously breathed properly at night. The basis of her trouble was that she was hungry for oxygen.” OU might think that at least professional athletes would appreciate the value of proper breathing. Yet there was Johnnie Farrell, one of the finest of America’s profes- sional golfers, whose chest ex- pansion, when he appealed to McGovern, was virtually zero. Farrell spent most of his time in the fresh air, yet derived no benefit from it simply because he didn’t know how to use his breathing muscles. In a short time his chest expansion was raised to four inches, his gen- eral health improved and his golf game with it. Another athlete, a profes- sional wrestler of some prom- inence, possessor of. a superb figure and great strength, tried to enlist in the war and was re- jected for the most unexpected of reasons: he had no chest ex- pansion. It developed that while he had trained with all kinds of slow physical efforts, he had so neglected breathing that the important muscles across his chest had become tied up. In two weeks, by consistent practice, he increased his chest expan- sion from nothing to three and one half inches. Babe Ruth, the great baseball player, likewise reconditioned himself completely at the beginning of the last season by cor- rect breathing, eating, sleeping and exer- cising. He was subject every hour of the day to expert guidance, and as a result he had one of the greatest seasons above. Stand erect, arms at side. In- hale, raising arms vertically as Exhale slowly, lower- ing arms to side (Exercise 2) POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Exercise for Exhalation Sit erect, fingers holding the edges of the chair. Inhale. Ex- hale completely, constricting chest, pulling against chair seat, forcing shoulders and chest down upon the abdomen (Exercise 3) Expands the Chest Stationary Running nose and not the mouth. The passages of the nose are protected to catch countless germs and particles of dust contained in every lungful of air. Mouth breathing allows these harmful particles to pass into the bronchial tubes and lungs. Keep the nasal passages open always. Growths, chronic catarrhal in- fections or head sinuses should receive the prompt attention of a nose specialist. “Poor ventilation and obstructed nasal passages are important causes of ill health. And yet I have found that a shortage of Bring knees high, holding shoul- ders high, runaing in one spot. This stimulates lungs, heart and red blood cells (Exercise 1) 35 oxygen is more likely to come from weak- ened and relaxed breathing muscles. Chests that have been allowed to settle in a drooped, cramped, rigid cast should be lifted. For this games and exercises, scientifically applied, are valuable. “Fast or forced breathing is not ad- visable, nor is holding the breath longer than normal. These result in excess sup- plies of oxygen to the blood, with a sub- sequent lessening of carbon dioxide. Nor- mal breathing must be habitually regular, and this can be made possible by two rules: “TIRST, in deep breath- ing, breathe slowly to use the full lung capacity without getting too much oxygen in the blood. If a breath is twice as deep as usual, it should be twice as slow, or else be taken half as often. Second, engage in some movement’ while breathing deeply, since ac- tive muscles use up more oxygen than do passive. At the slightest dizziness dis- continue the deep breaths and turn at once to more active exercise. “Finally, hold the chest well up and rounded, though not exaggeratedly so. This makes the work of the heart easier and allows the blood greater freedom in taking oxygen from the lungs.” Here are half a dozen of McGovern’s simplest and most effective exercises: Exercise 1. Stationary running. Bring- ing the knees high, with hands on hips to relieve the chest of their constricting weight, shoulders held erect, chest freely but not extremely expanded. Breathe fairly slowly, quite deeply but not forced. Continue for two minutes. This exercise stimulates the lungs, the heart, and the red blood cells which carry oxygen. It brings about a more complete delivery of oxygen to the cells and of car- bon dioxide to the lungs. Exercise 2. Take erect position, of his spectacular career. arms at side. Inhale slowly, raising he MIGHT appear from these and other instances I might relate that a few more breaths are a panacea for all ills. McGovern, however, will quickly dispel any such idea. ercise, can be more harmful than helpful. In the matter of breathing, as in other matters that vitally affect human lives, people who are not qualified to do so often are lavish in giving ‘advice. “Take deep breaths,” they say. But over-breathing can result in faint- ness, dizziness and mental confusion. Sudden deep breaths may bring about a@ morbid and dangerous condition. Unintelligent breathing, McGovern tells me, is often worse than no spe- Cial practice or method at all, And that goes for exercise as well. “The first rule in breathing,” he Says, “is to breathe through the [Lb Next Month IGANTIC brick-lined tea kettles filled with white hot metal! Steel in rivers of fire; thousands of tons of it. Heat, soul-trying and bone-melting. Noises. Hundreds of tiny, sweating men. The romance of civilization! That is steel making, a man’s job, says Edmund M. Littell, whose absorbing short story, “Midge,” will be complete in the next Poputar Science Montaty. Don’t miss the big March issue. On your news stand February 10th. arms until they are vertical at com- pletion of inhalation. Begin imme- diately to exhale and lower the arms. Take this exercise very slowly to prevent overbreathing. Repeat five times. This exercise is to expand the lungs and raise the ribs to their limit of flexibility. XERCISE 8. Sit erect in an ordi- nary chair, fingers holding the edges of the seat. Inhale slowly, ex- hale as completely as possible, con- stricting the chest forcibly and at the same time pulling against the chair seat and forcing the shoulders and chest downward upon the contents of the abdomen. Repeat this exer- cise slowly five times. This exercise insures complete use of the powers of exhalation, which is quite as important as in- halation. (Continued on page 126)

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a AA 36 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY King of Sports for Everyone Tobogganists know their own thrills— the rush of wind against stinging cheeks, careening down a ribbon of ice between banks of snow at forty, fifty, even sixty miles an hour! Right: On the slide at Lake Placid © hrilling Moments Speed’s the Thing in Winter Sports— Human Sailboats Sharp winds on the ice hold no terrors for skate sailors, whose huge canvas wings add a new thrill to a favorite sport. Lake Hopatcong, N. J., takes on the appear- ance of a strange regatta on days when a stiff breeze promises good “sailing” He’s Off! A headlong rush down the run, a leap into space, a moment when the universe pauses as you hang in mid-air, then— the expertly calculated landing: these are the ecstasies the ski runner knows. The photo above shows a ski jumper taking-off at the top of a. run in the skiers’ paradise at Wengen, Switzerland be - “a 7 BgTe Vesna, # Aerial Sledding Russia goes in for aerial sleigh racing for its thrills. Above is shown one of the queer-looking sleds at the start of a 400-mile dash over ice and snow from Moscow to Leningrad. It is driven by an air propeller Where the Horse Still Wins A trotting race on ice, using sleighs (left), furnishes an un- usual sport for participants and visitors alike at Garmisch, the winter sports mecca of Germany Queen of the Ice In the gay whirl at St. Moritz, Switzerland, world-famous winter sports center—Katie Schmidt, well- known skater, with Howard Nichol- son, in a daring exhibition on the ice February, 1977. Febr th

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SE = SS Ve gh ile m It ler in- he on ICE and SNOW the More Dangerous the Better! Racing with Death Nerves of steel and a cool head must the ice yachtsman have, for a spill at the top speed these skiffs attain can have fatal results. Below, a thrill- ing race between a motorcycle and ice boat on Lake Ontario POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Hockey for Men Only Left: Remarkable action photograph of an exciting moment in an ice hockey match between Eng- lish and French play- ers at Chamonix, France. Note the spectacular leap of the man at the right High-Jumping on Ice No, this isn’t a trick photo. In fact, the daring leap Phil Taylor, above, is performing over Miss Freda Whitaker, also a well-known skater, at St. Moritz, Switzerland, is afi everyday job with him Sharp Curve Ahead ! A shower of snow, two skis hurt- ling through the air, two balance {| poles emerging from the feathery / explosion—it’s just a ski jumper making a sudden turn in the Alps “wo Skis and a Fast Horse Stijoring, a favorite winter sport inSweden, is fast winning devotees in America. The trick is to cling to the reins of the horse while hold- ing your balance to avoid a tumble. Some €ven press motors into Use to attain a speed Of fifty miles an hour | 22i22 ~ a“ He Skates on Stilts Here’s a skating stunt you might spend the rest of the winter practicing — and then some!—Phil Taylor, perform- * ing breath-taking tricks on xs novel stilt skates at St. Morits

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— ete “But Such Beasts Never LIVED!” Scztence answers by piecing together bones of prehistoric animals—One tooth can give the clew, and the results are astounding—Some monsters recently restored ITH bodies poised high on colos- sal hind legs steadied by powerful tails, and with incongruous little fore legs locked in a mighty death grap- ple, two giant dinosaurs fought it out on the banks of a shady lake. The battle occurred where Montana is now, but a strange, primordial land it was then. The victor continued on his way, while the vanquished one sank into the soft earth, and gradually he was covered with fine particles of mud. There, three million years later, his bones were found by another creature that nature, in her mysterious work- ings, had evolved: man. The frame of the ancient monster was intact except for a few bits the ferocious victor had flung aside. Even the imprint. of the feet was found, mute evidence of the death struggle that had occurred ages before man came into being. Carefully the bones were dug up, packed in enormous crates and forwarded to the workshop of a great museum. Expert workers, supervised by paleon- tologists, spent months match- ing the parts, and there emerged finally the restored skeleton of a POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Like a Chinese Puzzle Scientists themselves gasp as dinosaurs come to “life”? again, pieced together on powerful scaffold- ie ings. Here is the Thunder Lizard, which lived in P Colorado about two million years ago By Samur.t D. Fuson monster is found on the opposite page. None of the curious creatures that swam, crawled, stalked or flew when the world was young has ever been seen by man. They roamed the earth and passed to extinction thousands of years before we came along. Not even a rude rock sketch has come down to us, for there were no men to write them. Yet we know what a dinosaur looked The Evidence Written in Rocks like; our museums are filled with com- plete models or pictures of some 15,000 of the earth’s earliest inhabitants. Much as we are tempted to exclaim, standing in the shadow of those huge hulks, that such grotesque monsters simply couldn't have existed, scientists assure us that we are gazing upon creatures exactly as they roamed the forests infinite ages ago. How can they know? What is the explanation? Curious to find the answer, I went to some of the world’s largest museums and to their leading paleontologists. I spent hours in their workshops, where large and small bones, either whole or in fragments, are matched carefully as some strange monster is reconstruct- ed. And I found that science is guided in this interesting process, much as it is in other branches, by known facts, aided and abetted by the law of proba- bilities and scientific guesswork; guesswork that is founded ona thorough knowledge of anatomy and of living animals. My inquiries quickly exploded the popular idea that an entire unknown animal may be re- giant Tyrannosaurus, the largest terrestrial flesh-eater of all ages. A photograph of this prehistoric But for the fact that skeletons of ancient monsters became imbedded in solid rock thousands of years ago, we should have no hint that they even existed. Above, chiseling away the skull of a prehistoric rhinoceros, found in Oregon stored from a single great bone. What is true is that the size of a creature can be estimated from a single bone or a great tooth,

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com- 5,000 Much nding , that ildn’t at we they s the nt to s and spent vhere ~*ither are some ruct- ience sting other rided roba- vork; ona tomy oded ntire > Te one, of a from oth, February, 1927 and that, in the light .of present-day knowledge, the paleontologist can identif y a given bone as belonging to a particular a if only a few bones are found, the whole animal can now be reconstructed on a basis of known facts about other animals of the same species. / For example, when the great reptile Triceratops was pieced together from a oodly assortment of bones, most of the skull, with its formidable looking horns, had been found, but the nose was missing. Other incomplete skeletons supplied the knowledge that the nose, too, was armed with a knob and that the skull ended in a beak. Triceratops received a beak on his lower jaw, also, on the theory that nature probably had matched here the knob on the skull. SINGLE blunt round claw sug- Ai gested that Triceratops had sub- sisted on herbs and therefore that the sole of his foot was a soft pad. A few vertebrae and half a barrelful of frag- ments gave the length of his back and tail. So the picture was completed, and Triceratops reared- his queer, beaked head again after countless ages of sleep. Dinosaurs, those “terrible lizards” so often on the front pages of newspapers, have only lately been reconstructed with anything approaching scientific accuracy. Museum workers scarcely believed their eyes as, perched on high scaffolding, they pieced the creatures together; monsters so great and so uncouth as to defy any other description than the word dragon. Some of them resemble the modern crocodile, while others display characteristics of the ostrich family. No land animal today approaches them in size. The finding in the last few years He Once Ruled Montana By right of colossal size, strength and flesh-eating proclivities, Tyran- nosaurus ruled the earth three million years ago, destroying any contemporary creatures that dis- puted his sway. One skeleton, as reconstructed in the American Museum from fragments found in Montana, towers twenty-two feet high. The small-scale model below shows him completely reconstructed cy POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY of almost complete skeletons in western United States and Canada has enabled us to reconstruct nu- merous varieties of them. Brontosaurus, the Thunder Liz- ard, was perhaps the biggest brute that ever walked the earth. As pieced together, he was a creature forty to seventy feet long, having a small head, short body with a decided fat man’s paunch, long neck and an even longer tail. Appar- ently he had no defensive or offen- sive weapon except his size, and he probably took to flight in the water when attacked by some of the contemporary flesh-eating dino- saurs. ‘Friceratops, the three- horned animal mentioned above, was perhaps the strangest looking of the dinosaur tribe. His skull was built like a fireman’s helmet or a woman’s sunbonnet extending backward over the neck. | gh it remained for an American to effect the restoration of the mightiest of all dinosaurs, King of the Tyrant Reptiles and largest flesh-eater of all ages—Tyranno- saurus, participant in the titanic death struggle described at the opening of this.article. As restored by Barnum Brown, who discovered the fossil remains, this beast towers twenty-two feet high and has a length of forty-seven feet. His hind legs are formed like those of birds, and the bones are hollow. He was a powerful creature, swift of movement and capable of de- stroying any of the contemporary crea- tures, a king of the period and monarch of his race. Brain power wasn’t a strong point of these an- cient monarchs of the earth, the restorers have learned. Despite their bp great size, they 1° stats apparently knew only just about enough to eat when they were s 39 A Battle 3,000,000 Years Ago Rocky imprints of dinosaur feet found in western United States have enabled us to trace the progress of one of their titanic struggles. Here is their fighting prse at the commencement of a battle, as recon- structed by the American Museum of Natural History hungry. Trachodon, thirty-five feet long and sixteen feet high, had a brain cavity barely the size of a man’s fist. Bronto- saurus possessed a brain weighing only two pounds. They weren’t bothered with dental troubles, either; as fast as one tooth wore out, another replaced it. Trachodon had a reserve supply in his four jaws of 2500 teeth! , Mammoths and Mastodons, unlike the Dinosaurs, lived contemporaneously with early man, and occasionally an artistic individual scratched an outline of one of them on a rock. Almost complete speci- mens of the Mammoth have been found preserved in the ice of Siberia and Alaska. Their reconstruction, therefore, is now comparatively easy. HIS has not always been so, however. Albert Koch once restored a Masto- don by using numerous bones that did not belong to the giant and placing the curved tusks so that they stood out at right angles to the sides of the head! An early restoration of the great Dinotherium, a relative of the Mastodon, showed the beast lying down, because it was unknown what kind of feet he had, or, in fact, whether he had any feet at all. How do we know, you may ask, whether an extinct monster was covered with hair, feath- ers, or scales, when only the bones remain? The answer is that occasion- (Continued on page 149) Semen, nae ins Ei ee ee ee

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FATS oo pate one aE let it a bie Me ee oe 40 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY February, 1977 Peering under the Earth’s Crust Strange forces seen working mighty changes in our solid globe—Boyhood of a modern magician of science —The romance of whaling —Other new books **Our Mobile Earth’”’ By Reginald Aldworth Daly. Scribner's. HERE we live may in some de- gree decide the chances of our experiencing an earthquake in our lifetimes. Professor Daly’s book explains, for one thing, why the greater part of the United States has little to fear from this danger. Strains caused by the building of the earth’s young, high and rugged mountains are the real cause of earth- quakes. The two great earthquake belts virtually follow the course of the mountains. One belt is along the bor- der of the Pacific Ocean basin. The other follows the seas from the East Indies through the Himalayas in Asia, the Alps and Pyrenees in Europe, to the West Indies and Central America. Most of the great earthquakes of his- tory, including the San Francisco and Japanese disasters, have occurred in these belts. The first includes the Rocky mountains and passes just south of Florida. Otherwise the United States escapes. The answer to many other amazing things upon the surface of the earth, it seems, is to be found inside it. Before we go very far down, we come to molten glass. The continents are actually a crust floating over this glassy sea. If we could get through the glass, we should finally find ourselves in the “lower regions,” which scientists agree are really as hot as Tophet. Here temperature can be meas- ured only in thousands of degrees—it is probably 6,000 degrees hotter than the surface of the sun. In the very center is a core of metallic iron alloyed with nickel and other metals, having a density one and one half times that of iron at zero pressure. The relief of elastic strain in the solid body of the earth, especially the crust, causes tectonic earthquakes, which do the most damage. The crust is always subject to forces of electricity like those of a wound-up steel spring. When the spring snaps, the earth shakes. Yet the toll in human life of tectonic earthquakes, we learn, does not equal that of the automobile, and the death rate from volcanic earthquakes is no greater than the murder rate in a city. ‘*A Magician of Science”’ By John Winthrop Hammond. Century. HE first scientific experiment of the great Charles P. Steinmetz was a fail- ure. He built a tower of wooden blocks, and to illuminate it placed inside it a lighted candle. The candle set the blocks afire and nearly burned the house down. But as the young inventor was By 'Tuomas M. Jounson only five years old, his first experiment did not ruin his career. In fact, points out the author of “A Magician of Science,” the entire boy- hood of Steinmetz reminds us that as a child’s natural bent is developed with Focus 16m From “Our Mobile Earth” How Earthquake Tremors Travel Cross section of the earth showing paths of earthquake waves, and the time, in minutes, it takes them to be felt at distant points intelligent guidance, so will the man develop. From the blocks, the boy grad- uated to a toy locomotive. At eight years he amazed his instructors in math- ematics. At fourteen he was making his own scientific investigations. The turn of mind that caused the boy to build lighthouses led the man to make 200 inventions. One of his last achieve- ments, before his death in 1923, was a machine that produced a lightning bolt havinga million horsepower. The builder of toy blocks had become a forger of thunderbolts. ‘*Father’s Gone A-Whaling”’ By Alice Cushing Gardiner and Nancy Cabot Osborne. Doubleday Page. ‘*Whaling North and South’’ By F. V. Morley and J. S. Hodgson. Century Co. HALING’S a romantic but oily calling, judging from the vivid pictures drawn in these two books. Here is how the monsters of the sea are carved up and their treasure of oil taken out by the bucketful, as described in “‘Father’s Gone A-Whaling”’: The whale is fastened to the ship by a chain and two lines, its huge weight banging and shaking up the ship at every roll of the sea. A wobbly plank staging is rigged above the monster. From this the whale’s head is cut off, and then the 12m blubber, which comes off in big Strips called blanket pieces. These are hoisted over the side and dropped into the hold by a windlass. “There’s a nice oily place for you!” we read. “Four of the crew work like beavers cutting up the blanket pieces into horse pieces that are small enough to go into the big kettles of the try-works. Every time the ship rolls, down they fall onto the blubber running with oil, “Everything is going full blast; three-four men on the cutting stage, cutting the big strips of blubber, and the sharks snapping all ’round them for a little snack 0’ whale; men at the windlass turning for dear life to haul up the big blanket pieces; men in the hold cutting the blubber; the rest 4m tending the fires under the great pots of the try-works and throwing in horse pieces to be tried out. The decks are running with oil, and every. body is soaked in it. “By and by the blanket piece is hove inboard and the carcass of the whale is let go. It floats aft in a regular smother of sharks, each one hungrier than the last. We all turn to, hard’s we know how, to finish off the head. “In the head of a sperm whale is a regular tank, called the case, full of the very sweetest and purest oil; the capiain has to open this up with his spade and then bail it out with a bucket.” ‘‘Concerning the Nature of Things” Sir William Bragg. Harper's. ‘*The Story of the Atom”’ W.F. F. Shearcroft. Greenberg. ‘*Elementary Principles of Chemistry” Revised by Raymond B. Brownlee, Wm. J. Han- cock, Robt. W. Fuller, Michael D. Sohon and Jesse E. Whitsit. Allyn & Bacon. HEMISTS, asked today ‘What is the most important and fascinating in- vestigation in which science is now en- gaged?”’ would very probably reply with one voice: “The search to release the energy of atoms.” But in the same breath they would say, “Who knows whether, when it is done, the results will be good or evil? To re- lease atomic energy may be to add untold riches to the world—or to bring upon it catastrophic destruction.” In these three books is told enough of the story of the newest discoveries of science to show their infinite possibilities. Chemists and physicists are far from offer- ing definite’ conclusions, but already the new theory has been stated that mat- ter is nothing but electricity. That is the electron theory of the atom, holding that the atoms of all elements are made up of positive and negative electricity nothing else. (Continued on page 196)

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Strips Oisted > hold 1? We Pavers horse 0 into Every y fall h oil, blast; Stage, r, and them at the > haul in the > rest t pots ng in The every. s hove hale is 10ther n the v how, e is a of the apiain ls and igs” istry” ’. Han- hon on. is the ng in- Ww en- with se the id say, done, To re- untold upon ugh of ries of ilities. 1 offer- POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY What a_ wind twister did to a non -stormproof frame house on Long Island, N. Y. Walls were demolished and furniture swept out. Other sim- ilar houses, on the same street, built with anti- storm features, were unharmed Could a Gale Wreck Your Houser How to Fortify Your Foundation, Walls, Windows, Porches and Chimney against the Havoc of Storms * HE hurricanecut my house in two like with a razor!’ A man made the statement somewhat boastfully to a group of spectators standing before the wreckage of his frame dwelling in Miami shortly after last fall’s catastrophe. Obviously the owner was somewhat proud of the neat job done on his house by the big storm compared with the mauling and mangling of other residences. “T tell you we were lucky, gentlemen,” he continued, “that our family was all downstairs when the top half of the house blew away.” “You were lucky all right,” agreed several spectators. “Yes, sir, we were. Because that top half sailed right into the Atlantic Ocean and I guess it’s now traveling with the Gulf Stream to Europe. It’s a good thing, too, that the furniture went with the second story instead of falling on our heads. A hurricane is mighty freakish, gentlemen. Here is my house cut in two and right across the street you see another house of the same size, style and everything, that is hardly touched— only windows gone.” “Perhaps a hurricane is freakish, spoke up a bystander, a builder, “but I see CHIMNEY FLUE ™ CH ev Reed Met ‘ IMN EENFORCE so FLUE “a ~ Aya i M, TO PEXXRR ny i CONCRETE HEAVY COAT OF STUCCO An old brick chimney may be fortified against wind by surrounding it with wire mesh and coating with stucco. Earthquake regions re- quire the protection of concrete and iron rods By Joun R. McManon Anchoring a Frame House —S— u A sill of the usual type should be tied to the foundation with three fourth-inch bolts im- bedded eighteen inches in concrete or masonry. Attach the floor joists with iron U-straps your house was put up with short studs.” ““What’s that got to do with it?” de- manded the householder. “We put a good two by four plate on the first story studs and nailed down the second story studs on that in good style.” “Yet there was a horizontal seam,” insisted the builder, “that was just pie for the hurricane to rip apart. There was not even sheathing to reinforce the seam. Nothing but a half-inch siding board and some building paper to let go, plus nails at the foot of the studs that the carpenter was careless about. I happen to know that the house like yours across the street, which is still standing, has full length studs from foundations to roof, and is diagonally sheathed besides.” That little episode offered an excellent demonstration of the value of good con- struction as a protection against hurri- canes, cyclones, earthquakes, explosions and other catastrophes generally called “acts of providence.” Another one that comes to my mind happened out in Kan- sas when a farmer was driving some visitors in his car along a highway that had been in the swath of a recent cyclone. “A cyclone is mighty freakish, boys,” declared the farmer. “It runs along for miles, making a clean pick-up of every- thing in its path, houses, barns, haystacks and automobiles. Then it gets kind of playful and hops, skips and jumps like a hurdle racer at the county fair. See how it leveled everything here but skipped that house there and a barn yonder.” = HAT’S interesting if true,” re- marked one of the passengers. “I mean if the cyclone does the acrobatic act. How about the explanation that there is a difference in the strength of buildings? Suppose that the cyclone culls out the poor houses and Jeaves the good ones?” Similar statements about the “freak- ishness” of explosions were published following the detonation of a few million pounds of T.N.T. at the Government arsenal ‘at Lake Denmark, N. J., last summer. Some near-by houses were spared and some fairly distant ones were wrecked. [I felt the series of shocks twenty miles away, where I live, and later had a close-up of bursting shells and of a devastated area that resembled the western front in the world war. The occasional frolic of an earthquake Roof plates anchored to the rest of the structure with bolts in this fashion aren’t likely to be wafted away by the first blast of a frantic gale

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42 along the Pacific Coast is usually de- scribed as eccentric in effect. Supposedly, it picks and chooses its architectural victims without reason, leveling an ancient mission and a brand-new struc- ture with the same malevolent tremor. Many persons apparently believe that the best protection against “acts of prov- idence” is a rabbit’s foot in the pocket pe a horseshoe suspended over the front oor. oa fact is that practically all of the disasters cited are as preventable in their major effects as smallpox and typhoid fever. Houses easily can be built proof against hurricane, cyclone and tornado, reasonably safe against earthquake, and quite secure against explosion. The expense is not great, little if any more than that for first class, sound construction. And a building that is proof against the elements is also fire safe, comfortably cool in the summer and easy to keep warm in winter. It costs little for upkeep and also endures longer. Some day “dis- asters”’ will be re- garded as national scandals, on a par with bootleg milk, 5 —_ PLATE contaminated water FIRE - TOPS supply and out- breaks of yellow fe- eile ver. There will beno I! alibi that the wind From. blew hard, the area — ROOF was flooded and so on. The danger pos- sibilities of all sec- tions of the country are well known to- day and may be guarded against. “Why, the wind blew 130 miles an POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Points to Avoid Here’s a type of house not to build if you live in a region of strong winds. High-pitched roof, projecting porches, bay windows, dormers and eaves, all invite destruction by impish gales ton of pressure. I would not advise big windows for a hurricane or cyclone region.” Good masonry of brick, tile, stone and concrete block twelve inches thick will withstand everything except earthquake or near-by explosion. Reinforced con- crete will resist a quake. That some con- crete block structures collapsed in Florida only proves inferior design, poor materials and work- manship. It was shown at Lake Denmark that plain but substantial masonry may resist the shock of a great detonation. Few cracks were visible in masonry through- out the neighborhood. More chimneys stood than fell. In the heart of the arsenal’s devastated area remained a large stone house, seemingly unscathed by the gigantic demoniac forces that had raged about it. Stanch walls deserve the credit. The massive nature of a masonry dwelling tends to make it self-anchoring against \\ Y hour in Florida!” AWAY FROM WOUSeE wind pressure. Its weakness exclaimed a friend, 3 may consist in a wooden roof discussing the mat- Giving It Backbone not well attached to the outer ter with a New York architect. “T doubt it,” re- plied the architect. “The anemometer generally quits before that speed. How- ever, if true, man creates a gale almost twice stronger than that and travels in it in a machine of less strength than a well-built house. The airplane, of course. It makes and bucks its own hurricane.” Strength to the whole dwelling is given by studs reaching from foundation to roof. Intermediate bracing also serves as a fire stop walls, and in defects of the interior wood structure. If floors and interior walls are wood, they should be sub- stantial, approaching the ri- gidity of the outside material. The roof plate should be anchored to the outer wall every three feet with iron bolts deeply embedded in the masonry, and each rafter end attached to the plate either February, 1927 with U-straps or with heavy angle irons and lag screws. However, a roof plate may well be dis- pensed with, rafter ends directly U- strapped with embedded bolts and the space between rafters filled solid with masonry. The latter detail is excellent for air-tightness and fire safety, while it adds strength. The roof may be also anchored to the internal structure of the house by connecting rafters to attic floor beams, whether with iron rods or with boards securely nailed. A little internal trussing or bracing will tie the roof so well to the house that it will resist the utmost persuasion of tornadoes and suchlike to go astray. ee es 277 PERE ENEED Apt, nae THREES. g = [fees Door and Window Safeguards Build your doors of heavy lumber, stoutly hinged and bolted, and you won’t have to brace them with the piano when a hurricane rages. Windows should be shuttered as above, and small-paned,to lessen the chances of breakage “Can a frame house be _ hurricane- proof?”’ asks a reader in Texas, where the big winds sometimes cavort. T CERTAINLY can. Wood has more strength than it is usually credited with. Its direct failure under stress is rare compared with separations due to poor joining. A frame house is not self- anchoring, but it can be tied securely to its foundations. Whether there is a cellar or not, it is well to have a complete foundation at least a foot thick, if con- crete, or sixteen inches if masonry, and not less than four feet deep. Such depth allows for flooding and undermining, and in the north gives frost protection. Heavy piers could be substituted for a complete foundation, but would cost about as much. Concrete weighs toward 150 pounds a cubic foot, and the foundation described would give a small house @ dead weight anchorage of more “But look how ‘that steel office building in Miami was twisted and ruined.” a ke WAS the only one of its kind seriously damaged. Its base was very narrow. All the other large buildings and the well-built homes came through safely.” “Did you see how a man was trapped in his hotel room because he couldn’t open the door against wind pressure?” “That was some pressure,” agreed the architect. “‘At 100 miles an hour, it was more than thirty tons. There would be an enormous soil friction, besides, to resist the yanks and jerks of hurricane or cyclone. If the house has the usual sill, this timber should be tied to the foundation at not more than four-foot intervals with three quarter inch bolts em- bedded eighteen inches or so in concrete or masonry. course, heavy washers and nuts should terminate the upper ends of bolts. Floor joists may be attached to the sill with iron U-straps and lag screws. The straps should be than forty-nine pounds a. square foot. Like the weight of a piano on a medium door. On a large door, about half a Structural Weakness, Not Providence, Responsible A New Jersey house pushed off its foundation by a severe storm. Modern methods of construction would anchor the frame securely placed so as to give room for the studs at the joist ends. Studs spiked to the sill and also (Continued on page 151)

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se, © st 51) So fl ee st OOOO Ot lS See“ February, 1927 Was He a Good Bargainer? engaged a laborer to undertake the digging of the cellar of my new cot- tage. He had wanted $7 a day, but would not guarantee to work steadily, and as I wanted the job done quickly we com- promised on $8 a day, with a penalty of $15 for every day he “‘laid off.” At the end of sixty days the job was completed, but if we had settled on the basis of our agreement, that cellar would not have cost me a single cent. How many days do you figure he worked? _ Do this in your head and, if you time yourself, you'll gain a pretty good idea of how you compare with others in mental arithmetic. The correct answer and your rating appear on page 154. ©|O|© wO\O|O © @ @ A FTER quite a parley as to terms, I O|O|O}2 O'S © Or @ Check Up Your Reasoning Power | porte a test that will tax your patience and skill, but first copy the design above in enlarged form to accom- modate standard checkers that you may work with. In the upper section place eight white checkers as shown; in the lower section, eight black checkers. The proposition is to effect a transposi- tion of the two groups—the blacks to be shifted to the northwest and the whites to the eight southeast positions. You can move the checkers from one square to another, with the additional privilege of jumping a checker over another to the vacant square. Moves and jumps must always be made north, south, east or west —never diagonally. Blacks and whites do not have to move alternately; move and jump the sixteen checkers in any order you like as long as the direction is always horizontal or vertical. For the opening, as you see, you may move or jump north, south, east or west. Keep a record of your moves, writ- ing them down in sequence, as, for exam- POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ple: move east, jump west, move west, jump east, and so on. This problem would be quite easy to work out if you allowed yourself an indefinite number of moves; but to make it a real test of your mental agility, can you do it in the minimum number of moves and jumps? The minimum is forty-six shifts. This will take you some time to do, but time yourself and then turn to page 154 for your rating. One for Mental Sharpshooters HREE crack shots fired six shots each at the same target, and all eighteen shots reached the target, in the positions shown above. Honors were even, all three being credited with the same total of points. Can you sort out mentally those eight- een shots into three groups which total alike? See how long it takes you; then turn to page 154 for your rating at men- tal sharpshooting. Have You Sharp Eyes? HIS line of letters was a readable sentence before the letter K, appear- ing in five places, was eliminated: / (eT TYR IT TERA EL TS Can yott make the sentence? As a test, it will show whether your eyes are quick at taking in pictures as a whole and in detail. Time yourself, then turn to page 154. Have You a Good Vocabulary? TUDY for a moment this example of a word square. Notice how the five words can be spelled vertically as well as horizontally : ALK Hera to et qe He KNELL Can you construct a similar square from five five-letter words which fit the follow- ing definitions? A recess; a lazy fellow; a girl’s name; flocks; to rub out. Tests of this kind draw upon your vocabulary and show your readiness with words. Note the time you take, then turn to page 154 for your rating. 43 Try These Seven Mental Tests Sam Loyd Offers New Brain-Twisters to Prove Your Abilities Your Skill at Mathematics “Te no joke about the biggest fish al- ways getting away,” remarked an old angler. “The biggest tuna I ever saw ‘played’ me for three hours and finally made a parting leap over the skiff.” Pressed for data, this mathematical fisherman replied: “Well, I calculate that the monster’s head was two and one half feet long, his body one foot less than the combined lengths of his head and tail, and his tail was one half foot less than one half of the combined lengths of his head and body!” Can you prove this fish story by cal- culating mentally what the length of that lost tuna must have been? The time it takes you will be an index of your skill at arithmetical deduction. Your rating will be found on page 154. A Test of Analytical Ability yox success at this quilt puzzle should establish your claim to high analytical ability and keenness of percep- tion with geometric forms. An old lady received for Christmas a beautiful patchwork quilt which repre- sented the handiwork of eleven grand- daughters. Each girl contributed a square piece made up of one or more little squares, and these square pieces of varied sizes were joined together to form a 13-by- 13 quilt as shown above. It required con- siderable ingenuity on the girls’ part to unite the square pieces. Can you chart the original eleven contributions on the ““quilt”’ above? Time yourself, then turn to page 154 for your rating. Sam Loyd, most famous puzzle maker in the world, ofiers readers of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY something more than mere brain-twisters, in the puzzles appearing on this page from month to month. As tests of your mental abilities they arean aid in judging yourself, as well as a source of entertainment.

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odel Making Lures America Marvels of tinycraft show amazing powerand speed—Could you equal the craftsmanship of those shown here? POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY feet long, went tearing down the lake at better than a twenty-mile- an-hour clip. A plume of spray shot out at each side. The bow was well out of water, and as the little boat skated over the surface a staccato roar came from the miniature, homemade gasoline motor that spun the propeller several thousand times a minute. “That’s what I call a $12,000 thrill for $12.00!”" a man standing next to me shouted. “All the thrills and none of the danger!” We craned our necks to see whether the tiny speed boat would crash against the bank before the owner, running along the edge of the lake, could get there in time to save his craft. “Yes, sir!”’ went on the man at my side. “I’ve been building model speed boats for years now, and each time I start one off I get as much kick out of it as if I were at the helm of a Gold Cup racer. My pocket- book couldn’t stand buying even the ex- haust pipe on one of the full sized speed boats, but I can act like a regular multi- millionaire in the model speed boat game. If one gets smashed, I can fixit with a few dollars’ worth of parts and a little time spent in my shop. I try out all kinds of new ideas to get more speed. Just now I’m working on a new type high pressure flash boiler that’s sure to give me at least three miles more speed.” N TINY speed boat, less than three I HAD gone to a park near my home asa result of a brief item in the newspaper that a model speed boat regatta was to be held. To my mind had come a hazy pic- ture of miniature boats crawling over the surface of the water at about the speed of a lazy goldfish. But here was something I hadn’t pictured, something that very quickly dispelled my earlier impression. Here were skilfully built racing models. Feath- erweight hulls carried two, three or four-cylinder, homemade steam engines connected to tubular boilers. Small gaso- line blowtorches burned with roaring flames under the minute boilers, generat- A Little Giant of Steam Power Of all models challenging the model fan’s skill and inge- nuity, the steam locomotive heads the list. The little marvel above, at a model exhibition in London, hauled half-ton loads with ease! ing a steam pressure up to 100 pounds! I found that model making is an in- creasingly popular hobby throughout America. Almost every community has one or more followers of the pastime, and groups of them have clubs in all of the larger cities of the country. Canada, also, has several very active clubs, and in England model making is even more popular than here. Models of almost every conceivable type of machinery have been built by A $12,000 Thrill for $12! Rounding a turn at twenty miles an hour! Model speed boat builders match their tiny craft with as much zest as millionaire yachts- men, and keen rivalry exists between advo- cates of gasoline-driven and steam-driven racers February, 1927 Product of His Own Skill William T. Fernald, of Mount Vernon, N. Y., says no thrill he ever had could equal that when his miniature tug, below, was finally completed after eight months of effort. A thing of beauty, it is perfect in every detail members of these organizations. Railroad miniatures are especially popular, ranging from a tiny track measuring only five eighths of an inch between rails to locomotives such as you see pulling train- loads of people at fairs and amusement parks. Marine models also attract widespread interest. Speed boats, such as were dis- played in the park, are only one branch. Thousands of model boat fans are in- terested, for example, in duplicating in miniature water craft other than speed boats, from the harbor tug to the ocean- going liner. UT it is in the building of a scale modd of a steam locomotive that lies the greatest challenge to the skill of a com- petent workman. Many craftsmen do not stop with locomotives. They build and operate complete systems in small gage with every detail of equipment in miniature, including elaborate signal and switching apparatus. Stationary steam engines are also popular, as are tractors and automobiles. Model making, I found, has become an important factor in many lines of indus- try, because it is often possible to try out new mechanical ideas on a small modd and save the expense of full sized experi- mental machinery. This applies particu- larly to complicated machinery of large size, where it is difficult to visualize the completed machine from the blueprints. A great tool works, for instance, recently used a model to determine the proper shape and proportions of a gigantic car Fel

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February, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY to a New Pastime By John E. Lodge wheel boring mill, and as a result saved thousands of dollars. I talked with a number of model en- thusiasts. The reasons they give for their pastime are as many and varied as the devices they make. “The thing I like best about this model making hobby,” explained one man who makes a specialty of building models of fire-fighting apparatus, “is that you don’t have to stick to any confounded rules. Of course, if you are building speed boats to enter in a model competition, you have to follow the rules; but in ordinary work you have a chance to exercise your own ingenuity. If you' want to depart from strict scale dimensions to make a better working job, there’s no reason why you shouldn’t.” HERE perhaps is the reason the hobby has such a strong hold on so many people. It permits a man to develop his skill with tools and his ingenuity and inventive powers at the same time. Model makers will tell you that some of the men now prominent as the heads. of our biggest manufacturing concerns are model makers. Walter P. Chrysler, fa- mous automobile engineer, points pride- fully to a remarkably accurate scale model of a steam locomotive which he built and operated on a track in his back yard. Others have found that model making developed skill in working out difficult mechanical problems. Howard Greene, designer of intricate motion pic- ture cameras for the Department of Agriculture, recently wrote this to Poru.aR ScieNcE Monta ty: “T have been a professional machinist, but I find that the ordinary machinist’s training is by no means sufficient for the work of designing and building scientific instruments, which requires the some- what peculiar training that a model maker gets if he really digs in earnestly. I find that, though I have at my disposal a large machine shop and good machinists, they can’t do my work, so I have a little shop of my own and do it myself.” N THE other hanc, model making serves as a source of pleasure and relaxation to countless men who are en- gaged during working hours in totally different occupations. “It is the best antidote for brain fag I have found yet,” explained a lawyer whose practice runs to highly technical and complicated civil actions. “It seems strange that the mental effort necessary to solve a knotty problem in model mak- ing should act as a panacea for legal worries. I suppose it is because the work is so entirely different and the concentra- tion drives my mind out of its usual rut.” S. M. Truitt, of Tucson, Ariz., built the elaborate steam loco- motive above. The young en- gineer at the throttle is his son Built almost entirely out of scrap found around a garage, this steam speed boat with high speed engine was made by E. J. Bond, of North Fairfield, Ohio J. Wood, of Winnipeg, built this stationary steam engine model, with its coal-fired tubular boiler, force feed pump and speed governor. It runs continuously for over two hours Mr. Wood with another of his models, a steam locomotive that easily hauls himself and his small son around a track laid out in the back yard. Models such as this require engineering skill quite as high in its way as the building of gigantic structures Hauls a Boatload of Four Eric Able, president of a model makers’ club in Winnipeg, Canada, holding the steam power plant of a model river tugboat built by one of the members of the club. With full head of steam, the miniature tug pulled a small boat loaded with four grown-ups Patience and perseverance in over- coming obstacles seem to me to be out- standing characteristics of all model makers. The work naturally develops these traits. Few model makers can afford the elaborate equipment of the modern tool room, and yet they coura- geously tackle the building of such mar- velously perfect models as are shown on these pages. What they lack in equip- ment they make up in figuring out ways to accomplish the desired results without the aid of the tools ordinarily used for the job. Where the professional toolmaker would use a highly developed milling machine to make a certain cut on a metal part the amateur model maker, for instance, may be compelled through lack of equipment to use a file and hack saw. MAN living near my home is finish- ing up the work on a steam loco- motive that is true to scale in all essential working parts. Yet he hasn’t even a lathe, the most useful of all tools to the model maker. Round parts have been turned out on an old drill press by the aid of perseverance, elbow grease and home- made attachments!

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He Finds New Speed for Light The wizard of light, Albert A. Michelson, of Chicago, now puts the speed of light at 186,284 miles a second, correcting the figures of 186,326. New experiments with octagonal mirrors, as he is demonstrating above, on two mountain tops, gave the more accurate figure, which will now be used by scientists On these pages are presented each month brief stories of scientific discovery and research having practical bearing on our everyday problems. Is the United States Sinking? ROPERTY owners on the shore lines P« the United States who have been disturbed by scientific theories that the continent is sinking, at least in part, may have their fears reinforced or allayed by a Government survey just undertaken. There are two possible explanations of the apparent lowering of the Atlantic coast at the rate of one or two feet a century. One is the gradual sinking of the whole continent; the other is changes in the sea level. To solve the mystery, geologists have just begun a series of studies along the Atlantic shore line. Already tide gages have been installed in Jamaica Bay, Long Island, and in New York harbor by officers of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. Other studies will be carried on at Eastport, Me., and St. John, N. B. The investigations not only are of interest from a purely scientific stand- point, but affect every owner of property along the ocean. Where waves attack the coast, the value of property may be determined largely by the probable future rate of coast erosion and by the extent of engineering works required for protec- tion against this erosion. Fighting Fire with ‘‘Snow’”’ EFORE many months we may see firemen fighting a stubborn blaze, not with powerful streams of water, but with flurries of supercold snow! A re- markable new fire extinguishing process, devised in Germany, employs a snow of carbon dioxide gas, the same gas that makes bubbles in soda water. The snow is cooled to more than a hundred degrees below zero. Because of the ability of carbon dioxide gas to smother a fire, it has already been used in some types of fire extinguishers, POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY In the new process the gas is liquefied under high pres- sure in strong steel cylinders. When a fireman opens a valve of one of these cylin- ders, the escaping liquid in- stantly freezes into snow- flakes, which are blown over the fire. The intense cold of the snow crystals combines with the smothering effect of the gas to put out the fire. How’s Your Bed? F YOU earn your living mainly by brain work, in- stead of manual, you can save at least two hours of rest every night by sleeping on a good, soft bed. Such is the conclusion reached by Dr. Donald Laird, head of the department of psychology at Colgate University, fol- lowing a series of interesting experiments with students. By measurements of mental reactions in terms of calories, he found that a soft bed will build as much mental energy in six hours as a hard bed will build in eight. Mars May Really Have Martians STRONOMERS who trained their telescopes on Mars during its latest visit in our neighborhood a few weeks ago, made two important discoveries. Meas- urements of the temperatures, made by Dr. W. W. Coblentz of the U. S. Bureau of Standards and Dr. C. O. Lampland at the Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, Ariz., show conclusively, they say, that there is sufficient warmth for animal and plant life. They place these temperatures at seventy degrees and above. At the same time Dr. E. M. Antoniadi, working at the Meudon Observatory near Paris, observed significant changes in the shapes of dark areas, strengthening the What Antifreeze Solutions Do to Your Car February, 1927 Science Extends ““Snow’’ for Fire Fighting, Radium belief of leading astronomers that the dark patches, bluish-green in color, are areas of vegetation. Thus, while as yet there is no proof that life exists on Mars, scientists now have proof that it is not impossible. Discover Filter for Radium Rays IVE years ago the women of America bestowed upon Madame Curie, dis. coverer of radium, a gift of one twenty. eighth of an ounce of the precious element, worth $100,000. Today the gift has been turned into profit for all -the world, for workers in Madame Curie’s laboratory in Paris now have found a way to prevent injury to the flesh of a patient during radium treatment. The method is to wrap the radium tube in a sheath of a dense metal, such as plat- inum, and many layers of gauze, provid- ing a filter for the rays that are needed, Finds Goats Living in Tree Tops ‘peice calmly pasturing in tree tops were one of the strange sights seen by Dr. David G. Fairchild, of the U. §, Department of Agriculture, on a recent botanical tour around the world. A large part of southern Morocco, Africa, he ex- plains, is overgrown with forests so gnarled and grown together that the ground un der them is quite barren. Consequently the only pasture for the natives’ goat herds is in the branches, and the animals have become expert climbers. They have regular paths and runways among the branches, and thrive on the leaves and yellow, plumlike fruit! Greek Tomb Yields New Treasure EWELRY that for magnificence and marvelous workmanship challenges comparison with the best of today, though it was produced 3,000 years ago, has come to light in an ancient beehive Juin. re ee Just what effect antifreeze solutions have on cars, besides their legitimate purpose of preventing freezing, is the subject of tests at the U. S. Bureau of Standards. H. K. Cummings, chief of the automotive section, is shown with the complicated apparatus specially constructed for these tests. Particular attention is being paid to the corrosive or rusting effects of the solutions

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ww he of Ow ys ica dis- ity- ent, een for y in vent ring tube plat- vid- ded, ops tops seen U.S. ecent large \e €X- arled d un- ently goat imals have g the S and sure e and lenges today, rs ago, eehive ting of of | for February, 1927 Its Chain of Conquests POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Filter, Bottled Oxygen among Advances tomb in Greece. Called the most im- portant find in Greece in thirty years, the treasure includes golden drinking cups, necklaces of gold rosettes, signet rings and other ornaments and vessels. It was discovered by a group of Swedish archeologists headed by Prof. Axel W. Persson of Upsala University, after peasants had been noticed removing flat stones from a tobacco field near Midea. The debris was cleared away, and the skeletons of a king, queen and young princess were found. The art objects, contemporary with the tomb of Tutankh- amen in Egypt, are now being studied in ihe Greek museum at Nauplia. High-Speed Radio Links World ITH the inauguration of high-speed, semisecret wireless service between England and Canada, using the new Marconi beam system of transmission, another important step in world com- munication was taken the other day. The next few months will see all the con- tinents of the world linked by new “beam stations” in British possessions, thus virtually girdling the globe with an amazingly swift operating system of com- mercial radio. The system will be under the control of the British Government. The beam system differs from ordinary radio transmission in the same way that a searchlight differs from an ordinary lamp. Whereas the usual broadcasting station sends out radio energy in all direc- tions, the beam station concentrates it in one definite direction. The result is extraordinary speed of transmission. In the England-Canada Saeak Atomic Models Aid Search for Secrets of Matter Testing a Bee’s Habits Scientists of the U. S. Department of Agriculture are learning new facts about bees, by remarkable tests. The instrument at right shows their industry or laziness at.honey gather- ing by tracing a record of their weight. That below tests their color sense service, 1250 letters a minute may be sent in either direction, or 2500 letters a minute over a complete circuit. At the same time much less power is required. Skin Rashes from Odd Causes | iypoter ta like those of poison ivy are produced on the skins of many per- sons by substances they come in contact with in their daily work, reported Prof. Max Touton of the University of Wies- What atoms would look like if we could see them with the naked eye is shown in the remark- able models with which Henry D. Hubbard, above, of the U. S. Bureau of Standards, is experimenting to find new secrets of matter. The models, as well as the chart, show the different ways electrons and atoms group themselves around a nucleus or in crystals to produce hard and soft substances, such as diamonds, benzene, helium, graphite or potassium baden to a recent German medical congress. Violin players are poisoned by the rosin they use on their bows, flute players by the grana- dilla wood of which their in- struments are made, and hair- dressers by the quinine in their tonics. Packers in drug houses are given the skin dis- ease by such drugs as squills, and workers in vegetable packing houses are poisoned by the vegetables. Efforts to build up resistance by inocu- lation with small doses of the trouble- causing substances, said the professor, are meeting with at least partial success. How Your Hair Can Betray You I we hair on your head is just as cer- tain a mark of your identity as are your finger prints. That criminologists make use of this scientific fact was dis- closed in recent reports of the importance attached to a single red hair in the no- torious McPherson case in Los Angeles. Scientists say that human hair, exam- ined under a powerful microscope, has tiny overlapping scales, much like the scales of fishes. In the center of the hair is a hollow canal containing the coloring matter. In no two individuals, they declare, is the hair structure exactly the same. Among the points of identification are the size of the hair, size of the central canal, size of the scale-like units, and the nature of the hair surface. Bottled Oxygen for Aviators LIMBERS of the air will be enabled to reach a higher “ceiling” than ever before, it is expected, with the invention of a thermos bottle in which the aviator can carry his supply of oxygen in liquid form. Heretofore fliers attempting high altitudes have carried oxygen. in the form of compressed gas in steel cylinders. The oxygen bottle, invented by a member of the French Academy of Sciences, contains an electric lamp which vaporizes the liquid oxygen as needed.

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Head Structure Also Important POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ape ee Physiognomy, the science of studying character from the features of fhe face and struc- ture of the head, lays special emphasis on the mouth, nose, eyes and eyebrows. Each of these features, physiognomists say, is pulled into its ultimate shape by our innermost emotions and. habits of thought. Dr. Milton J. Greenman of the Wistar Institute, above, is studying skulls of criminals to learn whether there is a distinct criminal type WO years ago the president of a large eastern corporation made his 4S annual pilgrimage toa mid-western technical college for the purpose of select- ing from the senior class enough men to fill his requirements for engineers. The dean, a friend of many years’ standing, welcomed the manufacturer cordially, but expressed surprise at his premature ar- rival. It had been his custom to time his visit immediately after the final examina- tions, which served as an index to the embryo engineers’ abilities. This year, however, the men had yet to take their tests when the visitor arrived, and he straightway proceeded to break another precedent—that of inter- viewing each young man before making his decision. “Just give me a chance to look them all over at my leisure,”’ he told the aston- ished dean. “That’s all I ask.” The dean led his friend to the assembly hall, where the senior class was holding a meeting. Taking a position where he could observe without being seen, the manufacturer scanned the attentive faces of the student body. After an hour of in- tensive search he had singled out fifteen, and then went to the dean’s office to make a note of his selections. As a rule a technical school has little difficulty in placing a majority of its graduating students. A certain amount of its output is virtually contracted for each year by manufacturers in need of trained men. This particular school, with a reputation for scholarship, attracted manufacturers of high standing whose plants offered excellent opportunities for bright young engineers. The “Nothing of the sort,” laughed the other. “Never better.” “Then why—” the dean began, but the other cut him off. “T can’t explain now,” he said. “Next year, perhaps.” And with that he took himself off. The reason for the employer’s reticence ‘ MENTAL pysical Which Type Are You? The ideal position for the ear, says physiognomy, is two thirds of the way back, as shown here. Too far forward, they say, betrays an ex- cess of animal nature was simply a matter of pride. He was making an experiment—to him, an ex- tremely radical one—which he did not wish to explain until he had an opportu- nity to give it a thorough test. Evidently the radical departure proved successful, for he followed the same pro- cedure on his visit last, year. The dean could contain his curiosity no longer. “You said last year,” he remindea the manufacturer, “that you would tell me what it’s all about.” “Tt can be explained in one word,”’ re- plied the other. “Physiognomy.” He went on to say that he had become interested in the application of that so- called science to the classification of men February, 1927 What Does Your Face See What Phystognomists Say Features Reveal to Him By Witt1aw according to their business abilities; be. coming engrossed to such an extent that he decided to try it out himself, “And how has it succeeded?” asked the dean. “ Admirably. Not only are the men of uniformly better quality, but they seem to accomplish more work. As you see, I’m taking only half the customary num. ber.” The dean smiled ruefully. “Yes, I see,”’ he said. F ALL the “ ologies”’ and “ ognomies” for which their proponents claim the ability to take the measure of a man’s character, perhaps none has won such a hold on the public mind as physiognomy, In recent years its scope has widened, Originally practiced as a means of judg. ing an individual’s characteristics, it has of late come into use in the selection of business types and the detection of crim- inals. A still more recent application is its use in determining an individual’s pre- disposition to different types of disease, Everyone practices physiognomy to some extent. We speak of a man witha “frank, open countenance”; of another with “treacherous eyes’; possessors of ““weak chins” have always had the repu- tation of being indecisive; we form in- stinctive dislikes for persons because we think they have “crafty-looking”’ mouths, Our conclusions, however, are arrived at usually in rather haphazard fashion, Probably your system does not agree with mine. Physiognomists, on the other hand, have formulated an almost iron clad set of rules. Apply them carefully, they say, and you’ve got your man charted. OR a complete analysis you must ob- serve the following features: the fore head, brows, eyes, lids and lashes, nose, mouth, and general contour of the face and head. The physiognomist also makes use of phrenology, or the study of head structure, in arriving at his conclusions, Phrenologists, as I explained in an earlier article on that subject in PopuLarR SCIENCE Monta xy, believe dean’s visitor was one of these. 5 paso most puzzling part of this man’s mystifying performance was that the selections he had made numbered only half his usual annual total. Back in his office, the dean re- minded his friend of that. “You know you have selected only fifteen?” he asked. The manufacturer nodded. . “A little business depression, per- VEN if you do not agree with the physiog- nomists, you will find Mr. White's article stimulating reading. From the time of Aristotle, who was the first writer of record to attempt a classification of humanity on the basis of char- acter, physiognomy has had the serious atten- tion of mankind. Most modern scientists do not endorse it, but the subject is of endless fas- cination to the layman. that every human emotion or thought has its origin in a certain part of the brain. There are more than forty of these parts, covering the whole range of human thought and emotion. In addition, phrenologists tell us, nature has grouped faculties of the same general type. In a row over the eyes are the perceptive faculties— those that enable us to distinguish forms, colors, weight, size, time, haps?” suggested the dean. so on. Higher up are the faculties of

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[AM 5 be. asked en of L see, nhum- mies” m the man’s uch a 10my, lened, judg. it has ion of ion is 'S pre- sease, 1y to vith a 10ther ors of repu- m in- se We rrived shion. other _ iron. efully, man ist ob- e fore nose, e face makes head ons. in an act in elieve n OF ertain - more vering ought ell us, February, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Tell Your Boss? Your Eyes, Nose, Mouth and Other Concerning Your Abilities J. WHITE, JR. thought. The top of the head is the seat of the qualities of veneration, hope and faith, while the back of the head is al- located to the social instincts—love of home, children, wife. ; In passing judgment on the individual, the phrenologists imagine the existence of a vertical line splitting the head in two and passing through the ear. The qual- ities forward of that organ are principally of the mental type; those to the rear are physical. Hence a position of the ear too far back would indicate a preponderance of mental attributes; too far forward would betray an excess of animal nature. Having determined from the shape of the head the general mental make-up of the subject, the physiognomist goes a step further and takes inventory of the face. He scans the eyebrows, the eyes, lashes, nose, mouth, lips and chin in turn, and then takes in the whole effect, full face and profile. EMININE ideas of beauty demand eyebrows of pencil-like fineness, and inventors have provided the girls with delicate instruments to narrow their brows down to a thin line of a half dozen hairs. They suffer considerable torture to achieve that effect, but not half the anguish it causes the physiognomists when they view the result; for the faintly marked eyebrow, we are informed, is the sign of a vacillating nature, a negative personality and a weak constitution! The ideal eyebrow is set at right angles to the nose, is full, yet somewhat com- pressed, ‘with the hair running all the same way, and seems to bear down upon the eye. If, after an inspection of yourself in the mirror, you find your- self similarly equipped, you have cause for pride; since that, the physiognomists say, is the brow of the successful man, one who is in- clined somewhat toward inventive lines. He will be strong physically, intense and energetic, and will have acaptivating personality. When the eyebrow gets a little rough, so does the subject. A wavy, bushy, erratic brow is supposed to give sign of an erratic, though at times brilliant, individual. HYSIOGNOMISTS are most emphatic in their warning that no attempt should be made to Judge a person’s character until all the returns are in, weigh all the attributes before making your de- cision, Sometimes, they say, you may find conflicting features; eyebrows may bespeak strength, the mouth weakness. The proper method, then, is to strike a balance and decide which is the creditor. Thin, long, slightly arched brows with a puckery effect in the center are sup- posed to reveal a jealous, resentful per- son; eyebrows that run up from the nose, a changeable, untrustworthy nature. A pucker anywhere in the brow is read as irritability. OETS and lovers since time imme- morial have laid great stress on the eyes, especially those of women. Phys- iognomists are just as enthusiastic about them, but for an entirely different reason. The eye, they say, is the one feature that cannot be controlled by the will. You probably are always a little suspicious about a person who refuses to meet your eyes. Of course that is with some the result of self-consciousness; but in many instances a man is afraid his eyes will betray him. Physiognomists say that the more an attempt is made to control the eye, the more it will betray to the trained observer. It is not only the ball of the eye that the physiognomist judges, but the con- formation of the upper and lower lids as well. His ideal eye is clear, slightly deep- set, with afull pupil. The upper lid droops over the ball, partly obscuring the pupil, but the droop should not be one of relaxation or the result of lack of muscular control; rather it should evince mental concentration. The Jower lid is drawn up to the extent of just touching, Detective Studying Types in the Rogues’ Gallery Police back up physiognomists in their belief that facial char- -acteristics reveal mental traits, for they say that perpetrators of specific types of crime invariably look alike. “lush worker” has a long face, crafty eyes and a squat nose Thus the 49 The ideal eye measures exactly the same in width as across the nose. Eyes too far apart, according to physiognomists, indicate low mentality; too close, narrowness of mind Ps } 4 i 4 \ Pz 4 ! \ ' . / CONCAVE ! PLANE CONVEX ‘ . Three types of profiles as classified by physi- ognomy, the concave revealing the slow, deep, but determined thinker; convex, the quick, but indecisive thinker; plane, com- bining the best qualities of the other two or covering somewhat, the pupil. The iris is large, while the eye as a whole has the appearance of being set deeper into the face at the outside corner than next to the nose. Using your index finger as a gage, measure the width of your eye, then see how that compares with the distance from the inner corner of one eye to the other. If they measure the same, you can ask no more, for that is a rating of 100 per- cent. If the distance between eyes is greater than the width of one, physiog- nomists say the mentality is not up to standard; while a lesser distance reveals narrowness of mind. Eyes differ radically in shape and size. The round eye with all of the pupil showing and a small iris is a fit companion for the arched eyebrow. The glance is fixed, the ball protrudes. Those charac- teristics reveal to the physiognomist a person of small mental endow- ments, a cold, mercenary nature. Small, oblique eyes, deep-set and close together, with the lids nar- rowed over them indicate to him deceitfulness, irritability, gloom. HAT is the extreme type, we are told, and to be damned so completely must be found in con- junction with other unfavorable features. For example, the small eyes with narrowed lids may also apply to the shrewd but not neces- sarily dishonest person. Another none too complimentary eye has a glazed look—no sparkle to it—with a thick upper lid that droops listlessly. That bespeaks to the physiognomist an aimless sort of individual, one whose sole con- cern is pleasure or ease, and who is lacking in courage. Most of the rules regarding the eye follow a line of reasoning that is quite ap- (Continued on page 155)

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OR RICE TE LE LAD ae eR ne om roe Tre eS ee ner cea ee aed POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY February, 197 Stained Ice Windows Glow in Sun Though they melt away when the thermom- eter rises, “‘stained ice windows” are beau- tiful while they last. As invented by Miss Myrtle Karstens, of Chicago, for her play- ground pupils, the method consists of mark- ing designs on glass with clay ridges, pouring tinted water in the inclosures, and freezing It Makes Daylight To imitate conditions under which daylight is produced, a new glass for lighting fixtures (right) is made of three layers fused together. A blue layer makes a miniature sky; white, a cloud; clear, the atmosphere. Fil- tering through the three layers, elec- tric light has the quality of daylight Who Cares for Size? Awarded a Grand Prize in Rome for the best small car, the unusual machine below is driven by a diminutive four-horsepower motor. The smiling chauffeur is Glenn Hunter, actor, taking his family for a spin dd Products of Be a Pas Seog CAS RR sia Novel Model Diving Bell Recently exhibited at Basle, Switzerland, the model above is a distinct departure from ordi- nary diving bells and the convoy that takes them to the scene of operation. The bell is situated amidships and is lowered into the sea directly from its position, instead of over the side A Shipload of Sweetness Made entirely of sugar even to the fine, sweeping sails, this bold pirate ship at the left is the crea- tion of Eugene Bol- liger, of Detroit, Mich. Ship model fans, can you beat it? A Boy’s Dream of a Real Kite! Here’s a kite that at last satisfied the heart of one kite- mad boy! Flying, it measures eighty feet from head to tail. A spectacular feature is the sud- den shooting of a huge butterfly from end to end.:-A six- teen-year-old schoolboy of Los Angeles made it If Tariff Walls Could Be Seen by the Eye— Tariff barriers in Europe are strikingly illustrated by real walls on the map above, designed by a member of the British parlia- ment. For example, Spain’s high wall, indicating her high tariff, is in contrast with France’s much lower wall, while Russia’s wall is topped by barbed wire to emphasize her extreme restrictions

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sud- old sky, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Ingenuity Shoots a Ring of Bullets He Couldn’t Drown if He Tried The recent test of a multiple antiaircraft gun One man power drives a screw propeller that by the Army brought to light a similar inven- pushes the unique craft above through the parsed by Penson = tis, of New ga City, water, and a two-piece hull buoys up the ormer coughboy. Slatis mvention, however, timid swimmer while he learns how to stroke rena the — around = central shaft (as shown in model above) instead of in a row He’d Fly Like a Bird! With motor-driven wings, this courageous Austrian (right) makes short flights at a height of 150 feet: Whirling helical screws lift him up; the wings, opening and closing, produce the motions of flight Only Daredevils Need Apply The man above is demonstrating the correct way to hang by your feet from the wing of an airplane in flight. Plane changing and wing walking are other interesting courses at the new aerial stunt school, Santa Monica, Calif. British horse trainers don’t think so, at least at Virginia Water, His Observatory England, where horses are broken without recourse to spur or If oy —— garage but whip. The photo shows a horse bucking on the long reins used wo prefer an astro- nomical observatory, fol- low the lead of Dr. Charles W. Bullock, of Buffalo, N.Y. He added an iron-domed tower (left), and now, instead of worrying about auto repair bills, studies stars They’re Only Silhouettes Many Paris shop win- dows no longer display goggle-eyed wax figures. Fabrics and dresses are draped gracefully on silhouettes cut from thin pieces of board

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09 FARRER! ET YS ES AP NT ETS penkbaneetiaee 52 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Fire Victims Lowered to Safety in Novel Bags Los Angeles firemen demonstrating the new rescue bag Building Bricks Made of Paper — we have paper fire buck- ets and paper car wheels, and now it appears that we may yet live in paper houses. A Serbian sculptor, Yovan Pesh- itch, has invented an economical building brick made of paper and seven other ingredients, kept secret by the discoverer. Fire- and waterproof, the material is said to be undamaged by nailing and to be suitable for use in one-story and two- story buildings. In its astonishing use for fire buckets, paper is coiled into rope and pressed into shape. A coating of bright red paint com- pletes the bucket. Car wheels are pressed from a kind of paper known as calendered rye-straw board under a terrific force of five hundred tons. Circular sheets are made into wheels by being smeared with flour paste and pressed together into solid blocks. Steel tires and iron hubs are added, and the finished wheel shows a rigidity more than sufficient for heavy railroad service. What Gas Will Do —— company has figured out that 1000 cubic feet of gas will: Cook eighteen meals for six persons; heat shav- ing water for 1000 days, roast sufficient coffee to make two cups daily for seventy years; light two cigars a day for 500 years; boil 275 gallons of water; bake 1700 three- quarter-pound loaves of bread in a con- tinuous oven; do the work of two hens in hatching eggs; broil seventy three-pound steaks; barbecue enough ham to make 1750 sandwiches. BUILT WITH SUCH amazing delicacy as to include the wings of flies among its work- ing parts, a new instrument has been nearly completed by Andrew Cramer, master crafteman of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., to be used in measuring infinitesimal quantities of heat in the spectra of distant stars. OWERED to safety in this novel bag, a fire vic- tim may be placed in an am- bulance and rushed to a hos- pital still completely incased init. A useful form of stretch- er, it enables an injured person to be handled expedi- tiously with a minimum of discomfort to the sufferer. Straps fasten him securely to the framework, while other fasteners close the covering tightly about him, so that the enfolding fabric may protect him from smoke and injury as he is let down to earth. The photograph, taken at a demonstration test, shows how this is done. W. H. Blake, the inventor, is automobile driver for Res- cue Squad No. 1 of the Los Angeles, Calif., fire depart- ment. He suggests that the device may also be used as a strait-jacket, to quiet a de- lirious or insane patient in the gentlest possible way. Now the Loudspeaker Fiddle! IKE five fiddles playing at once is this violin with a built-in amplifier which Vincent Lopez, famous orchestra leader, is examining. It gives the modest violin a star rdle among the more power- ful instruments of a jazz orchestra. Its inventor calls it a “‘violinofon.” Auto Bumper Protects Pedestrians T’S almost impossible to be run over by an auto that carries this newest safety bumper. When not in action, it resembles any other tri- ple bar bumper. But when the emergency brake is applied, the lower rail with its screen of steel chains drops down to within an inch of the ground, while the upper one is lifted an equal distance. The photo shows the inven- tor, Guiseppe Gaglio, of San Jose, Calif., demon- strating the new bumper. Toy Phonograph Plays Records “QUST like grown-ups have” is this miniature phonograph, made of sheet metal and a real working machi that stops, starts, and plays like the la models. The reproducer and horn, of light construction, are mounted to swi together across the face of the record, A clockwork motor spins the turntable, which accommodates the small records, standard among several manufacturers, A ‘*Vacuum Cleaner’’ for Mines Witt the growing use of pneumatic air drills for boring holes in rock preparatory to blasting, has at last come a possibility for minimizing that great danger to miners—rock dust. Drilling in rock by any method fills the air with rock particles, which, breathed in by the miners, cause serious lung troubles. Now, by an ingenious new air device, invented in England, which can be used with air drills, the dust is prevented from spread- ing to the air. At the point where the drill enters the rock, the dust is sucked up by an exhaust draft actuated by spent air escaping from the drill. The device is thus an odd sort .of vacuum cleaner. World’s Biggest Organ Installed we the world’s greatest organ, in Liverpool Cathedral, England, is being tuned, the workmen have to com. municate with the assistant at the keys through no fewer than seventeen tele phones! This huge instrument was com pleted only a few weeks ago, having been started before the war. It has 10,984 pipes, and electropneumatic action. The pipe playing the lowest note is a yard im diameter and weighs more than a ton, Febru oper: or sl its u ment ward with serie a hi linea feet

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» 1927 February, 1927 Tractor Saws Logs and Fells Trees with New Attachment POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 53 The new saw attachment for tractors felling a tree and (left) sawing up a stump. It will cut up, down, sidewise or endwise, and will whittle up a log of wood as quickly as a man could whittle up a HUG, chug—here comes the sawmill! Making a sawmill out of a Fordson tractor is the feat accomplished by an ingenious new attachment, a circular saw swung from the front of the tractor. The device moves in the hands of the operator to cut in a horizontal, vertical, or slanting position. This is by virtue of its universal suspension; a further refine- ment enables the saw to be pushed for- ward along its shaft or drawn back, without moving the tractor. Power supplied through a belt to a series of geared shafts drives the saw at a high rate, with a “tooth speed” or lineal velocity at the outer edge of 10.000 feet a minute—twice the speed of an as Lag willow limb with a jackknife. With it the tractor can now be made to swing a saw in any direction express train. The fast cutting of this saw is easy to understand when it is recalled that the old style drag-saw moves at about the same velocity as your foot in walking. The saw attachment fells trees, slashes brush, and saws up limbs, poles, logs and stumps. It does not appear necessary to use a big saw to fell a large tree, says the inventor, V. L. Holt, of Portland, Ore., as the saw can be used as a woodsman uses his axe. By taking advantage of its slanting adjustments, the device can be employed to remove stumps to a depth of one foot below ground. A brush patch can be mowed with it, it is said, as easily as grass with an old-fashioned scythe. Uncle Sam Builds Giant Diesels for His Ships pyAne® as a mar- vel of modern me- chanical genius, the great Diesel engine pic- tured here, made for the United States Shipping Board, is the first of fourteen to be installed in United States ships. The new engine in a thirty-day test, burning crude oil such as is used under boilers by the Navy, consumed four- teen tons of fuel daily, a saving of sixty per- cent compared with steam vessels of similar power. It has four cyl- inders of a double act- ing two-cycle type, de- livering power at each alternate stroke of the piston. (In an automo- bile piston, power is de- livered only on every fourth stroke.) It de- livers 2900 horsepower at ninety-five revolu- tions a minute. The engine is thirty-five feet long, twenty-five feet high, and weighs 600,000 Engineer J. H. Baunblatt and assistant test engineer T. Ras- Mussen operating the new 600,000-lb. U. S. Shipping Board Diesel engine. In an emergency, two men can operate it alone pounds (a cut in weight of about thirty percent). According to its inventor, the attach- ment will fell and saw up twenty cords of oak a day, at a great saving over usual costs. If logs are too large for this saw, they would have to be split in making cord wood anyway, so no time will be lost. Skates for Cross-Country Runs! HESE modern seven-league boots are really roller skates, with three wheels and pneumatic tires. The “run- ning wheels,” as their German inventor calls them, enable the wearer to jump at full speed over ditches and knee-high obstructions. According to the Dresden manufacturer, the speed “while travel- ing overland in the midst of mountains” equals eight miles an hour, though leap- ing from crag to crag is apparently ruled out! On a good road they travel faster, without fatiguing the roller skater. The skates have a special brake, and a single tightening lever attaches the wheels to the shoes. SILKY SAUSAGE coverings of cotton seed fiber, sanitary and edible, are being made by machinery developed for the purpose by the Mellon Institute, Pitts- burgh.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ovel Devices G February, 19y Street-Corner Ambulances Parked on important street corners in Berlin, these tricycle ambulances stand ready to rush emergency patients to hospitals without waiting for the regular ambulance. They are equipped with first-aid kits Paints the Perfect Lip Lipsticks that lock like ordinary safety matches have two advantages: they are thrown away The Latest Fashion Note in Baby Carriages An enthusiastic cyclist, this English mother hit upon the idea of placing the perambulator on a cycle and now takes her baby riding. Note how the carriage handle has become the handlebar after using once; and they “draw a finer line” Machine Gun’s *‘Kick’’ Tamed Tj athered Navigates Land or Water Dropping off the chassis converts this odd-looking touring car into a motor boat, complete with propeller. It’s a French invention When a gun is fitted with the new com- pensator invented by Colonel R. M. Cutts (below), U. S. Marine Corps, the muzzle blast is diverted to eliminate the upward “‘kick’’.. Camera for Parachute Jumping Dropping 2500 feet after a parachute jump, Jimmy Clark, above, takes pictures of the advancing earth with an automatic movie camera. The photo shows the lens protruding from its canvas protector — fs +g . ‘ *, Diving Bell Will Aid Treasure Hunt Pictured above is Lieut. Col. K. M. Foss in the spe- cially designed diving bell with which he will attempt to recover fabulous Spanish treasure sunk off Scotland He Knows Where He Put Them (Right) Everything a man carries with him—hat, coat, umbrella, parcels—can be put somewhere in this chair Febr | 7.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 2 ‘ Harmonica Pitch Pipe Hope for the Short Man Et Built like a harmonica, this pitch pipe is designed to sound accurately any note. A printed diagram on one side gives the scale. Sliding a pointer along this dia- gram leaves open only the hole contain- ing the proper reed for sounding the pitch The electric stretching machine above, suggest- ing the medieval torture rack except that it is “painless,” may add inches to your stature. It pulls steadily on shoulders, head and feet Making Cymbals Behave Swaying cymbals are the bane of the drummer’s existence. The holder above solves the problem by attaching the cym- bal to a “cup” by felt pegs | | Berlin Has Armored Cops Police of Berlin are trying out this suit of % e1s ae bullet-proof armor—-breastplate and head- 7 Militarizing the gear of heavy linked steel—to protect them aa Safety Razor against the bullets of desperate gangsters ; Lieut. Col.Jacob a. \ S Schick, U. S. Army, Support for Magnifying Glass ‘ ee | os has invented a repeat- : , i er razor (left) which Supported on the left hand by a ring and YY a} has space in its handle Fire Escape Works on Pulle standard, the new magnifying glass for twenty blades. An P y below leaves both hands entirely free ejector changes blades Even an unconscious person can descend by discharging the old from a burning building in this device. one and thrusting a A pulley lowers a steel cable. At the new one into position end of the cable a sling supports the user Closes One Way, Opens the Other Hidden by buildings, a switching track at New Kensington, Pa., was extremely dangerous un- til this swinging gate (right) was. put up. Opened for automobiles, itswings aroundandauto- matically closes the track for trains, and vice versa

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Give Him a Silent Piano! ARENTS who want their children to learn piano playing but who dread the sound of the interminable practicing, will welcome the invention of a silent piano designed especially for musical beginners. Built in a neat leather case, the device has a four-octave keyboard said to du- plicate exactly the action of a real piano in all respects save production of sound. Piano action springs give a genuine “‘feel”’ to the keys, which are the regulation white ivorine and ebony. Flashlight Needs No Battery OTHING is more useless than a flashlight with a run-down battery. In the Army they’re considering dis- carding batteries entirely, and experi- ments are being made with a flashlight that contains its own electric generator. A spring that winds up like a clock fur- nishes the motive power that runs the generator. The flashlight furnishes light for three minutes with one winding. I How Much Do You Know of the World You Live In? F YOU are as keenly observant as you should be, you ought to be able to answer at least half of the following questions, selected from hundreds sent in by readers. Turn to page 158 for the correct answers. 1. Where do grizzly bears live wild ? 2. What state has the greatest railway mileage ? 3. Why is the exploration of the North Pole considered im- portant ? 4. Where did the ancient Aztecs come from? 5. What group of islands has one for each day in the year? 6. Where does quinine come from? 7. What is the most famous prehistoric monument in England ? 8. What African country is ruled by negroes ? 9. What was the purpose of the Sphinx? 10. What is the wettest spot in the world ? 11. Where does the United States Government maintain a volcano observatory ? 12. Why are so many islands of the South Seas surrounded by reefs ? POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Baby Carriage on a Walking Stick HEN little Mary gets tired of walk- ing, her dad can now stop swinging his cane, unlimber an unobtrusive at- tachment at the end, and like a magician produce a baby carriage, the handle of which is the walking stick itself. To fold it up again, he rolls up the strongly woven canvas snugly around rods that form the framework of the novel gocart. Reginald Weatherell, British auto racing driver, who invented the ingenious device in his spare moments away from the speed- way, believes that he thus has solved one of the problems of parenthood. He Thumb-Tags Phone Books ELIEVING that much time could be saved in business offices if telephone directories were thumb-tagged to mark the alphabetical sections, a Londoner put his idea to practical use and is now earn- ing $5,000 a year. Armed with a concave chisel, hammer, and a small steel stamp for each letter of the alphabet, he makes daily rounds of offices and stores, charging a quarter for each book thumb-tagged. New Goggles More Comfortable N MANY in - dustries the wearing of gog- gles as a safety measure has been hindered by the workman’s prejudice against their inconven- ience. A new type, suspended from a helmet of light material, is designed so as to cause no more discomfort than the wearing of an ordinary cap or hat. Side straps with a row of attachment holes provide adjustment to fit any face, and are so hinged that they may be bent to shape according to individual needs. He doesn’t object to wearing the new goggles, suspended from a cap Clamping the framework to his cane gives him a sturdy carriage to trundle her home Ants May Wreck Your Home ” BLISSFUL ignorance of what is going on beneath us, we sit in our homes while tiny ants are eating away the very foundations. Beams and floors are burrowed into and in time reduced to crumbling dust by the little known termite, the destructive white ant. In one instance a piano fell through the floor of a’ house; a sofa fell through the ceiling of another. Damage to private homes from white ants has resulted in bills amounting to hundreds of dollars, Special building precautions are neces- sary to combat these white destroyers, says T. E. Snyder, entomologist of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Com- plete insulation of all untreated wood from contact with the ground is sufficient, since all the forty-two species of house- wrecking ant are underground borers. Creosote-impregnated wood, and _ the facing of all subterranean brickwork with concrete, are recommended. Wing-Shifting Wheel Controls Plane’s Balance NTRARY to usual-airplane design, a strange new biplane minimizes the danger of aerial mishaps by having a staggered construction that places the lower wing some distance behind the upper one. Instead of the ordinary sta- bilizer that balances the craft in mid-air, the pilot has at his right hand a wheel that shifts the relative positions of the entire wings. Equipped with this extraor- dinary control, the plane cannot pos- sibly be maneuvered into a dangerous position, according to its designers, so effectively is it balanced in flight. “Staggered decalage,”’ as the new de- Pilot demonstrating the wing-shifting wheel that sets the wings of the airplane at any given angle sign is called, was originated by the aerial research department of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, as a result of experiments there by Alfred Merrill, instructor in aerodynamics.

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ves me ne at is our away loors luced 10Wn ough ough ivate din eces- yers, f the Som- ‘ient, ouse- yrers. the with ice erial yrnia as & lfred Wrench Leaves One Hand Free HANKS to the sliding sleeve on this wrench, you can reach into an almost inaccessible place, hook the wrench over a nut you cannot even see, slide the jaws tight, and twist away—all this being done with one hand. The sliding sleeve closes the mobile lower jaw when the wrench is hooked over a nut and the sleeve grip is pulled. Ad- justment is said to be within a thousandth of aninch. A pipe wrench can also be had with this one-hand adjustment feature. New Stone Grinds Wood Pulp - THE manufacture of edged tools and cutlery the old-fashioned grindstone has long since given way to the modern built-up grinding wheel. Now, in the paper industry also, inventors have de- veloped an artificial stone to reduce wood pulp logs to the state necessary for the production of newsprint paper. The wheel is made of the abrasive sili- con carbide. The vitrified segments are attached to an iron spider, and are said to offer a more uniform grinding surface than sandstone, at the same time produc- ing the long, thin, well-frayed fibers nec- essary for news stock. EXTRAORDINARY ACCURACY in long range gunnery was a feature of recent battle practice at Fort Eustis, Va. A direct hit was scored on a small moving target a scant fifteen feet long at a distance of more than seven miles. The soldiers were mem- bers of Battery E, 52nd Coast Artillery. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY HARVESTER that works on water instead of land is the latest weapon in man’s war against the mosquito. The odd craft, propelled by a marine engine, pushes its way through swamps where the winged pest is bred, mowing down the tall grass that har- bors them as it goes. Each body of water, as soon as cleared, is then stocked with fish that feed on the mos- quito larvae. The French inven- tor who devised this machine did so in re- sponse to an appeal from France’s fish industry. A double purpose is served, for not only are mos- quitoes eliminated, but valuable fish take Man-made stone replaces natural sandstone in this grinding wheel for reducing logs to pulp. Longer life is claimed for the artificial stone Telephone Poles on Oregon Lake an Odd Sight rr One of the unique line of telephone poles built on pontoon rafts across an Oregon lake. Huge rocks anchor them firmly in place ELEPHONE linesmen laying a wire across a lake in the Santiam forest, Oregon, resorted to a unique device, iilus- trated at the left, to carry their lines over the water. They erected the telephone poles on pontoons, which were then an- chored into place with huge rocks and wire. The pontoons are made of logs, with crosspieces holding them together. The pole is erected on a crosspiece, braced by sticks nailed to the log ends, and swing- ing insulators are attached to it. For nearly a quarter of a mile across the lake, the pontoon line carries the tele- phone wires to connect up with pole lines leading to ranger lookout stations. Oxygen Hood for the Sick NEUMONIA sufferers can now have oxygen administered to them in greater degree and with less discomfort, by the use of two new inventions. One is a hood tent, which can be used in homes. The other is an oxygen chamber for use in hospitals. Both, it is said, will probably replace the old funnel method. Dr. Alvan L. Barach, of New York City, is the inventor. 57 Aquatic Harvester Mows Down Swamp Grass Clearing swamps in France to replace mosquitoes with fish their place. Crude methods heretofore used in this work will be replaced by this new invention. Germans Have Aluminum Trains LUMINUM railway trains are being built in Germany. Two, recently completed in Berlin, are constructed entirely of aluminum alloyed with the alkali metal lithium, which weighs one- fifth as much as aluminum and adds ten- sile strength. Know YourCar HIS is the season when the storage battery service stations are busy. A few months of cold weather have placed the average auto storage battery under a heavy load, and starting troubles have be- gun. Cold motors require plenty of - power to crank them, and unless special precautions are taken the charge in the storage battery gets lower and lower until the car re- fuses to start. The trouble is aggra- vated by the fact that the car is used so little during the coldest weather, and consequently the bat- tery is not adequately recharged just whenrechargingis most needed. To make sure that your car wiil start promptly in cold weather, fol- low these suggestions: 1. Increase the charging rate of your generator. 2. Inspect and tighten up all wir- ing connections, particularly the battery terminals. 3. Make sure that the spark plugs are in good condition. 4. Use recommended cold-test oil in the motor. 5. Have the transmission refilled with a lighter grade of lubri- cant. 6. Learn how to operate the chok- er to get the motor started as quickly as possible.

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Holds a Whole Meal Useful for an auto trip, in fact for any purpose when an entire meal must be kept warm in- definitely, is this generously-proportioned thermal food container illustrated above. It holds several vessels for vegetables and meats When the Broom Breaks A broken broom han- dle is quickly mend- ed with this metal holder that clamps the pieces together again. A thumbscrew tightens the joint Electric Plug Has Handle Attaching the or- dinary short plug into a lamp socket frequently means removing the shade or scraping and cramping the fin- gers. A new plug (left) invented by a Chicago woman, solves the problem by simply length- ening the plug and adding a handle POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY February, 1927 Nineteen New AIDS Slices Cheese Cheese slices of a sym- metry and uniformity to delight the fastidious host- ess’s eye, are the product of the ingenious | slicer below. It is adjustable Saves Sticky Fingers Dates are pitted quickly and cleanly by the tool above, making easier a job the messiness of which keeps housewives from preparing many delicious dishes First Aid for Tough Steak A few minutes’ work on a tough piece of meat with this little tool will leave it tender and appetizing. Un- like others, it is in one piece and need not be taken apart for cleansing Disappearing Clothes Chest ee A slight pull and this cedar 8 wardrobe chest slides out from under the bed. Hung on steel roller bearings, it can be attached without tools to the bottom of any bed It’s a Complete Kitchen! A marvel of space-saving compactness, this unique buffet cabinet is at once a refrigerator, a range, a pantry and a work table. It even has an opening for a sink. The range may be either gas or electric Now the Traveling Wardrobe Any good housewife can think cf a dozen uses for a handy, portable, dustproof, mothproof wardrobe (right)—one she can put up anywhere, in the attic or in the summer cottage

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February, 1927 for the Flomemaker Brush Holds Its Own Powder Press the button on this brush and fra- grant talcum powder will sift into the soft bristles from the handle, which is hollow. Thus powder and brush are always to- gether whenever you want to use them Sharpens Knives Four little butcher’s steels in the knifesharpener below put the same blade that your butcher uses to prepare your meat. A han- dle holds POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY sharp edge on the it firm while in use Gets the Hair Once or twice over with this novel new dressing-room accessory, and the hair brush is freed from the hair tangled in it = All-Around Electric Cooker Six different heats are available in this elec- tric cooker-oven. It can be used as a fireless cooker. A hct-plate permits surface cooking ThoseFrozen Milk Bottles When the north wind howls and the ice gales roar around the milk bottle that the milkman leaves standing on your back porch, this cover (right) completely in- closes it to keep it from freezing Novel Electric Toothbrush The whole family can use it—not the brush, but this midget motor to which any toothbrush can be at- tached, as illustrated above. A special motor design gives the brush an up or down motion as desired pein f ~ nencemereseeneeestteennn Dish Pan Built in Sink The two-compartment sink above banishes dish and drain pans from the kitchen. Dishes are washed in the porcelain bowl in the right-hand compartment, stacked in the other, scalded with water and left to dry. A swivel faucet serves both of the compartments No matter what the size of your pot or jug, a ridged lid (right) can be had to fit it. Circu- lar rims of different sizes adapt it to mouths of several diameters Match Box Becomes an Ash Tray Where to drop cigarette ashes is no longer a problem for the man carrying this ingenious combination match box and “ash tray” in his pocket. The ash compartment is built compactly on the side of the metal box Multiple Pot Cover Holds Iron Cord Out of Way A metal rod that clamps to the ironing board holds the electric iron cord out of the way (left), When not in use it folds down on the board ready for next time SSS ae ee Se ee

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60 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY February, 1937 KINKS for the Auto Handyman Disappearing Luggage Carrier, Dent Remover, Other Ideas HILE a wheel puller is the proper tool with which to remove a rear wheel that is-tightly jammed on the tapered end of the axle, sometimes you find you must do the job without the necessary special tool. Fig. 1 shows a way to get the wheel off by means of a tire chain and the jack. After the hub cap and locking nut have been removed, the tire chain is looped around a couple of spokes and the end of the jack is placed with the foot against the axle and the elevating step in the loop, so that working the jack lever exerts pressure directly in line with the axle. Make sure that the chain is fastened securely. Pole Holder for Car Fender BOUT the most awkward object to carry in an auto is a long pole. It won't fit inside the body, of course, and when strapped on the side scrapes off the paint. A solution of this problem is to make a pair of brackets as shown in Fig. 3 and clamp them to the fenders. A single bolt will hold each bracket in place, and if felt is glued to the part of the bracket that comes in contact with the fender, there will be no scratch- ing. The brackets can be made of steel of any dimensions, depending on the strength re- quired. Simple Dent Remover he IS possible by the skilful use of a hammer to remove dents in a rim of the type used Fig. 1. How to remove a stuck wheel with no tools but chain and jack i Fig. 2. Locking your gasoline filler cap in this way will prevent those mysterious losses of gasoline that sometimes Occur on motor tours the hasp will clear the nuts. Use long bolts and push them through the holes from the inside of the tank so that youcan grasp the ends of the bolts with the pliers while you tighten the nuts. The ends of the bolts can then be cut off and hammered over so that therewill benochance of their looseningup. Use gaskets cut from vellumoid under the bolt heads. How to Carry an Extra Spare F YOUR rims are made with the lugs welded onto them, you can carry an extra spare tire and lock it so it cannot be stolen, by making two bolts as shown in Fig. 6. Only one need be drilled for a padlock, however. The iron rod should be as large as will pass through the holes in the lugs; and a piece of pipe, threaded, filed and drilled as shown, completes the job. As the bolts hold the extra tire tightly against the one that you regularly carry, there is little chance for chafing unless you are going on along trip. In that case it would be worth while to slip a short piece of pipe over the bolt that is cut to act asa spacer, so as to hold the tires apart. RECTANGULAR’ Keeps Motor Warm PLATE INSIDE —OF HOOD RADIATOR cover of the : conventional type serves to regulate the amount of air that flows through the radiator while the car is in motion, but it cannot keep the motor warm for very long when the car is standing, owing to loss of heat for straight side tires, but the work is simplified by the use of the tool shown in Fig. 7. A piece of an old spring is first Fig. 3. These special fender pole holders will permit you to carry long poles on your car without scratching the paint Fig. 4. Metal or plywood plates fastened to the inside of your hood as shown will help keep the motor warm when the car is left standing through the openings in the side of the hood which permit the air to circulate freely. Metal or plywood plates bolted heated to draw the temper, and after a slot has been filed in it it should be retempered. After hardening, draw the temper to a deep straw color. To Outwit the Gasoline Thief 2 ew tourist and auto camper often finds his gas tank mysteriously empty after a night spent in a strange camp or if the car has been stored in a strange garage. Petty thievery of this kind can be stopped by fit- ting a lock to your gas tank filler cap as shown in Fig. 2. The hasp and hinge are cut out of heavy sheet iron. The staple is obtainable in a hardware store. Bend the end of the hinge so that TIRE RIMS WITH ATTACHED LUGS Fig. 6. Two bolts like this, one without the lock, will permit carrying an extra spare tire B\ RUNNING BOARD Se FOLDED—” ~*~ cyl LUGGAGE CARRIER IN POSITION FOR USE Fig. 5. A folding running-board luggage carrier like this is always handy when you need it, and yet it is out of the way when not in use Ten Dollars for an Idea! (GEORGE D. HUGO, of Seattle, Wash., wins the $10 prize this month for his suggestion of the dis- appearing luggage carrier (Fig. 5). Each month PopuLaR ScIENCE MontsLy awards $10 in addition to regular space rates to the reader send- ing in the best idea for motorists. Other published contributions will be paid for at usual rates. on the inside of the hood as shown in Fig. 4 will stop this waste and also help to keep your feet warm by driving the heated air back through the openings in the floor boards. Luggage Carrier Folds Out of Way HIS novel homemade luggage carrier (Fig. 5) is made so that it folds under- neath the running board when not in use. Three large sized strap hinges are bent as shown, and screwed to the under side of the running board. Wooden or light metal strips are fastened to the movable member of the hinges with short bolts. A leather strap at each end will serve to hold the carrier in the proper position when in use, and a special catch will hold it flat against the bot- tom of the run- ning board when not wanted. Fig. 7. Dents in your tire rim may be removed with surprising ease with this ingenious tool 6 —_e a ~~ ee ee QQ. «@ —- ea 1 G2 sah to Oh te we tee 6a

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rr PR eae er TO OE Oe Se Se Oe ee a oroecer@arerf = " &@ tv = -— — DD wwe SSO a POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 61 Even New Cars May Have Mysterious Troubles —Can You Tell Here’s Another Chance to Test Your Auto Knowledge and Win a Cash Prize umphantly as she pulled on the emergency brake and shut off the ignition. “Your nasty remarks about women drivers don’t apply to me at any rate. I didn’t have a single accident all day!” = Markin, waiting anxiously for his wife’s return with the brand-new car, breathed a sigh of relief as she TT phan said Mrs. Markin tri- turned into the driveway beside the house. “Good work, Mary,” he admit- ted. “Are you sure you didn’t so much as scrape fenders with any- body?” He walked around the car, inspecting it with a critical eye, and then stopped suddenly with his gaze riveted on the gasoline tank. “So you didn’t have any accidents?” he exclaimed. “Then what put that big dent in the gaso- line tank? You're not going to tell me it dented itself, I hope.” “Oh!” gasped Mary. “I didn’t do that! I know I didn’t back into anybody, and I’m sure nobody ran into me. It must have been done while I was in the stores.” “Humph!” grunted Markin, ob- viously puzzled. “Tl be darned if I see how anyone could have dented that tank so badly without damag- There’s a Prize Awaiting the Best Answer! | oe Science Montuty will pay $25 for the best letter explaining the trouble with Markin’s car and tell- ing him how to overcome his diffi- culties. Your letter will be judged solely on how accurately you size up the trouble and suggest the remedy. Letters must reach us before February 28, 1927. Address Automobile Editor, PopuLaR Science Monrtuaty, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York City. ““J’LL BE darned if I see how anyone could have dented that tank so badly without damaging the spare tire or knocking any paint off the tank,’’ said Markin, puz- zled. ‘‘I’ll drive it down to the service station.” so it won’t be overstrained, I sup- pose,” Mrs. Markin couldn’t resjst remarking as her husband climbed out and raised the hood. “T am not,” snapped Markin. “It quit on me, and from the sudden way that motor ceased firing it” must be a wire that’s come loose somewhere. Don’t worry, I'll find it in a jiffy.” However, a casual inspection failed to reveal any disconnected wires, so Markin got out the new ing the spare tire or knocking any paint off the tank. And there doesn’t seem to be any particular spot on the tank that looks as if it had been hit. I'll drive it down to the service station.” The foreman of the service station, after one glance at the apparently dented tank, inspected it with unusual care. “I know what did that, but it’s the first time I’ve seen it happen in a dog’s age,” he finally announced. “‘Let’s have a look at the filler cap.” He unscrewed the cap on the gasoline tank and examined it minutely. “THE vent hole wasn’t drilled ail the way through” he explained, “and the air couldn’t get in to replace the gasoline that was being drawn out by the vacuum in the manifold. There must have been a little leaking in around the threads so that the vacuum created in the gasoline tank was relieved between the fillings of the vacuum tank, otherwise the motor would have stalled. As it was, the vacuum ran high enough so that the air pressure outside pushed in the side of the tank. Run her in and we'll fit a new tank. It’s our fault, of course.” Markin did as directed, relieved to know that it wasn’t going to cost him anything. “It wasn’t a smash-up, after all,” he told his wife cheerfully when he reached home. Their, plans for the evening included dinner at their friends, the Barkers. They had promised to be there before seven, and it was nearly six now. So they started out immediately. Markin drove slowly and carefully for five miles, until the snail’s pace began to make Mrs. Markin fidgety. “If you keep poking along like this we'll never. get there,” she worried. * ALL right then, we won’t!” retorted Markin. “I’m not going to ruin this car by driving it fast. You can bet on that. Lots of cars are spoiled just by driving hard the first few hundred miles. I want you to understand that J know how to handle an automobile,” he finished loftily. But hardly had he finished speaking when the regular explosions of the motor stopped completely and the car coasted to a standstill. “Now you're giving the motor a rest tool kit and systematically applied the pliers to one connection after another until he had _ tested them all. Every one appeared to be perfectly tight. “That’s funny,” he said, “there’s nothing wrong with the connections as far as I can see. I wonder if something has happened to the timer? Ah, now I’ve found it. The spring that holds the con- tacts together is broken. And I haven’t a spare one.” “OTANDING there looking glum won’t fix it,” suggested Mrs. Markin. “‘Here, take this safety pin and see if you can’t hold it together somehow.” “This is an automobile—not the baby’s clothes,” growled her husband. “Still I might be able to bend up a spring that will work till I can get a new one. Give it to me and I'll see what I can do.” He worked steadily a few minutes, then: *“T’ve got it!’ he exclaimed jubilantly. The motor started at once when he stepped on the self-starter, and ran smoothly, although it did miss a bit when he speeded up to twenty-five miles an hour, Auto troubles seem to run in streaks. The Markins must have been in the midst of a (Continued on page 150)

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY February, 1927 A mazing New Car Has No Gears George Constantinesco of London, at the wheel of a car fitted with his remarkable gearless transmission A MARVELOUS new type of automobile is now running through the ‘streets of Paris. In appearance it resembles the thousands of small cars that throng the French capital. And yet this car is capable of performing such remarkable feats that it has aroused the intense interest of automotive engineers in all parts of the world. The car has no transmission of Ingenious Automatic Power Control Does Away with Nuisance of Shifting By Newton Burke Operation of the gearless car is ex- tremely simple. Brake and throt- tle pedals are the only controls The drawing, of course, does not the conventional type. There are no gears and no gear shift lever. Automatically and without atten- tion on the part of the driver, it adjusts itself to the load, so that in any kind of a test or demonstration the driver has nothing to do except steer and press on the throttle with his foot until the desired results are obtained, whether he is towing a five-ton truck up a steep hill or traveling at high speed on an open country road. George Constantinesco, well-known automobile engineer, has per- fected in this new gearless car a trans- mission along radically new lires. If you ever have tried to push a stalled automobile along a road or to shove a heavy motor boat away from a dock you know how hard it is to get a heavy object into motion and how relatively easy it is to keep it going once you have it started. You have found also that it takes a lot more energy to get it started quickly than if you take your time with the job. HE ease with which an object can be set in motion if you do the job at slow speed, and the extra effort required when you try to speed up the operation, is taken advantage of in the new gearless automobile. How this is accomplished is shown in the simplified drawing of the most important parts. It shows what happens when the crank is rotated by the engine. When the motor is started and run slowly and the automobile is stationary, the weight of the car keeps the drive shaft on which the ratchet wheel is mounted from turning, and the motion of the rotat- ing crank is transmitted to the inertia wheel, which consequently oscillates back and forth. When the driver steps on the throttle the motor starts to speed up, and if the inertia wheel weighed practically nothing it would oscillate back and forth at increased speed. But the inertia wheel is made heavy and consequently it offers A glimpse under the hood. A small two-cylinder, two- cycle motor is used to drive the car. The gearless trans- mission is built in as part of the crank case in a single unit INERTIA WHEEL RATCHET WHEEL ON ORIVE This simplified diagram shows how the gearless transmission passes the power from the motor to the drive shaft in proportion to the motor speed and the load. As the crank runs faster, the weight of the inertia whee] resists this speeding up process, and the other end of the differential lever starts to move back and forward, rotating the drive shaft by means of the ratchet wheel resistance to being oscillated back and forth with any great amount of speed. This resistance tends to hold the dif- ferential lever attached to it from making the full motion imparted through the connecting rod by the crank and forces the other end of the lever to move back and forth slightly when the increase in speed first starts, and more rapidly as the engine develops more power. Note that the ratchets are so arranged that the ratchet wheel is turned in the same direction both on the forward and the backward motion of the lower end of the link operating through the drive rods. At high speed the inertia wheel remains practically stationary and all of the motion is transmitted directly to the rear wheels. show the parts as they actually are arranged in the automobile. For the sake of clearness the parts have been spread out and simplified. The ratchet wheel, for instance, really consists of a pair of over- -running clutches that accomplish the same result without lost motion. Of course this mechanism can drive the car only in the forward direction, and consequently a reverse gear is fitted to facilitate backing the car around in the garage and to make turns on the road. HE control of the new car is much more simple than any of the standard automobiles. There being no clutch or gear shift lever, the driver does not have to worry about changing speeds. When he wants to stop he takes his foot off the throttle and puts on the brake. The motor slows down and the small amount of energy still being generated is used to rock the inertia wheel back and forth. When he wants to start he throws off the brake and steps on the throttle and the car starts up without jerk, auto- matically increasing speed until a balance is obtained between the speed of the car and the amount of power developed by the motor. Hills present no difficulties. The car simply slows down in proportion to the steepness of the hill. Consequently it will climb any hill as long as the rear wheels can obtain traction. Weird results can be accomplished by the remarkable infinite ratio transmission. If the back wheels are blocked with heavy logs when the car is standing and the driver steps on the throttle, the wheels rise up over the obstacle with a slow and gradual movement that suggests the running and jumping figures shown by a slow motion camera. It also enables a light demon- strator car fitted with a low powered motor to tow a loaded five-ton truck up a steep hill without laboring. Fe ( i ( ( |

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ot or ve e, ng ilt Lis he ng ke February, 1927 Putting the new tube through its paces in the Institute laboratory. Me- ter readings were used to eliminate guesswork those weak, hardly recognizable, distant stations six to twelve times louder than you get them now? You can make this amazing improvement in your distance reception just by using one of the new detector tubes now on the market. Elaborate and accurate tests re- - cently concluded at the radio laboratory of the Popular Science Institute of Stand- ards show in definite figures the remark- able results obtainable from these new type 200A tubes. The tests also indicate the way to get maximum results with them. The human ear is notoriously inaccu- rate in judging volume. Consequently the ear was not used in the tests to de- termine the relative strength of response obtained with the standard 201A type tube compared with the new 200A type. The strength of re- sponse was read in all cases directly from the movements of a hand across the face of a meter. Hi would you like to bring in O ATTEMPT was made to ob-. serve the response of the 201A tube in terms of absolute units. What we wanted to find out was how much better the new 200A tube is than the tube you are now using in the detector socket of your radio receiver. For this reason the strength of the signal input was graduated purposely to make the response curve of the standard tube plot to a straight line, as shown in Fig. 1. This diagram shows exactly what you may expect when you use the*new detector tube in place of the tube you now have in your set, assuming that you make no changes RESPONSE Ss RIELATOVE > a o Oy hook-up but simply insert the new tube in place of the old one. For instance, if you are hearing a weak signal that has a relative POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY strength of one, you can plug in the new 200A tube and hear it six times as loud. The great advan- tage of the new tubes is their ability to bring in weak signals. As the strength of the received signals becomes louder and loud- er, the curving line representing the re- sponse of the new tube approaches the line representing the 201A tube, so that by the time the signal has reached ex- ceptionally loud proportions such as would be received from a near-by power- ful station, there is little difference be- tween them. These tests were made with a standard type of receiving set arranged for use with the 201A tube acting as detector. Still more powerful reception of weak signals will result if you correct the detector grid return wiring so that it goes to the minus instead of the plus side of the filament. Changing the connection in this way practically doubles the volume obtained. 16 VERY LOUD 2 4 6 8 2 \4 WEAK MODERATE LOUD SIGNAL STRENGTH Curve Shows: How Tube Excels on Weak Signals of any kind in your set or battery Fig. 1. RELATIVE RESPONSE For reception of local broadcasting where the signal strength is great, the standard 201A tube is usually adequate, but when you want to bring in distant weak signals with loud- speaker strength, the new 200A detector tube is far better. weak signals it is more than equivalent to an extra stage of radio-frequency amplification when used under proper conditions New Detector Tule Brings You More Distant Stations Tests Show Remarkable Increase in Volume for Weaker Signals By ALEXANDER SENAUKE, M.E., E.E. Radio Engineer, Popular Science Institute of Standards A further improvement follows the careful adjustment of the detector plate voltage as shown by the curve of Fig. 2. You will note that best response is ob- = = ane wo 4 3 2 ! == 40 4&5 so 55 5 20 2% 30 35 “B” BATTERY VOLTAGE Fig. 2. These plate voltages are figured from minus A. If minus B is connected to plus A in your set, deduct six volts to get equivalent volt- age on the plate circuit of the new detector tube ° 5 tained when the detector plate voltage is between twenty-eight and thirty volts. In actual results the use of the new tube certainly is equivalent to at least one extra stage of radio-frequency am- plification. To the city man, sur- rounded by powerful local stations so that he need not go after distant stations to get good programs, the new tube has particular advantages only if he has some special interest in getting a certain distant station. But to the man who is located where he must bring in distant sta- tions with good volume or else go without adequate radio entertain- ment, the tube is invaluable. HE new 200A tubes have one peculiar characteristic. They set up a tremendous hissing noise a few seconds after they are turned on, and this hissing keeps up some- times for as much as a minute or two. After that the noises die away to a slight hiss that has no effect on the quality of the music. In fact, it can be heard only if you listen carefully when no station is tuned-in or the announcer stops talking for a moment. No changes are needed in your filament control circuit when you shift to the 200A type tube. On

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY February, 1927 Hints for Radio Novices You Can Kliminate Contact Noises Filing Solder Away Helps—New Control Device—What Size Rheostat? HE main reason for the introduc- tion of the new X-type sockets, in which the tube prongs are pushed into holes where they make contact with springs pressing against their sides in- stead of at the tips, is because the tip con- tact is often the source of scratching and rasping sounds in the loudspeaker. The drop of solder on the end of each prong .seems to be responsible for this noise. The solder is necessary, however, as it serves to connect the wires from the tube elements to the prongs. All noise from this source can be com- pletely eliminated by carefully filing away the solder until enough of the brass prong is exposed to make good contact (see diagram). Watch out that you do not take off so much solder that the con- nection to the tube element is broken. A study of the shape of the spring in the socket generally will show that it makes contact on a slight angle, and by filing the solder on the same angle you can get down to the brass without removing very much material. Just why solder should be a poor mate- rial for contacts of the pressure type is not quite clear. Apparently the flow of current through the small area of solder that is actually in contact seems to cause a corrosion or chemical change in the solder that is clearly visible as a dark spot on the bright surface even after only FILE OFF SOLDER AT POINTS WHERE SOCKET SPRINGS MAKE CONTACT POOR CONTACT HERE CAUSES SCRATCHING NOISES Eliminates Contact Noises If the sockets in your set are of this type, you can stop the scratchy noises by care- fully filing the ends of the tube prongs a day or two of use. Increasing the pres- sure of the spring contact helps only a little; the only real cure is getting down to a brass contact. The same principle applies to the new push type sockets. This means that if you happen to get a tube with solder all over the sides of the prongs, you should polish them off with a piece of sandpaper in order to get noiseless reception. Large C-Batteries Are Cheaper O LITTLE current is used in the C- circuit of a radio set that it has almost no effect in determining the life of the battery. In fact, a C-battery usu- ally lasts nearly as long in use in the Combined Switch and Rheostat You can add a volume control to your old set without spoiling the panel arrangement or drilling any new holes, with this device C-circuit as it would if it were standing idle on the dealer’s shelf. There is a temptation, when you are using one of the power tubes that requires a high C-voltage, to economize by pur- chasing the smallest size of battery obtainable. These small batteries last only about two to four months even when no current is drawn from them, whereas a medium duty battery will last for more than a year on the C-circuit. Check Your Storage Battery HE fact that you have installed a trickle charger does not mean that you can neglect your storage battery com- pletely. Once every month or two, in- spect it to see that the water level is not getting too low, and while you are making this inspection you should use the hy- drometer to find out if the battery is being kept up to full charge. If the hy- drometer shows that the charge is low, increase the rate on the ’trickle charger or cut down the number of hours the set is in use for a few nights to give the trickle charger a chance to catch up. New Device Simplifies Control N LINE with the desire to make the control of radio sets as simple as pos- sible, there has grown up a need for com- bination instruments so that two or more different things can be accomplished with the same knob. Twin condensers are one example of this, the combination rheo- stat and switch illustrated above another. When the knob is turned all the way to the right, the rheostat itself goes into the off position, and at the same time a separate pair of contacts is opened by means of a fiber cam that revolves with the rheostat arm. These extra contacts can be used to control the other tubes in a radio set when the radio-frequency stages are connected to the rheostat. By this arrangement the one knob serves ag a filament switch and volume control. You can add a volume control to your old radio set by using this instrument without cutting any new holes in the panel. Simply substitute it for the fila- ment switch you now have and wire the rheostat portion of the instrument into the filament circuit of one of the radio. frequency amplifier tubes. Controlling Two or More Tubes i IS entirely practical to control any number of tubes with the same rheo- stat provided the rheostat is capable of handling the combined current flowing through the tubes and the latter are all rated for the same filament voltage. It makes no difference whether the tubes take the same amount of current or not. One tube may require only 14 ampere while another may use 4 ampere. If both are five-volt tubes, they can be op- erated in parallel on the same rheostat if the latter will pass 34 of an ampere with- out undue heating. There is a simple rule for determining the size rheostat necessary when tubes are operated in parallel. If you know the correct resistance of a rheostat for one tube, divide the resistance by the number of tubes you wish to operate in parallel and multiply the current-carrying capac- ity by the number of tubes. | AB C’s of Radio D'STANCE-GETTING ability and selectivity are two qual- ities in a radio receiver that have practically nothing to do with tone quality. It is possible to construct a radio set that will be a bear cat for distance, tune with knifelike sharpness, and yet may sound like a five-dollar phonograph. On the other hand, a set that can- not bring in anything but local sta- tions may give remarkably perfect reproduction of both voice and music. Increasing the range of a radio set and improving its ability to choose between stations cannot improve the quality to be had with a simpler circuit, and there is a chance that the tone quality actu- ally may be impaired in the effort to get extreme selectivity. The problem confronting the radio manufacturer is to design the radio-frequency amplification end of his set so that it delivers an un-@ distorted signal to the detector tube. Tone quality can be obtained by the use of a good audio amplifier employing a power tube in the last stage and connected to a high grade loudspeaker.

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Se) eS ny of ing It ot. ere Op- tif th- ing the one ber lel aC- —=) >, Ne POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Home Workshop Arthur Wakeling, Editor — Dividends in Home Building What You Can Do Yourself to Improve a House—Special Features of Convenience and Beauty That Cost Little to Make the climax of his pleasant labors undoubtedly comes when he builds a home of his own. It is then that he trots out his hobby for a real joy ride and collects the dividends due on his pine or whitewood “stock.” It is then, too, that he finds these dividends amount to some- thing more tangible than the joy of creating and may be cumulative to the extent of as much as ten percent of the cost of his house. As it is usually necessary for the pro- spective builder to attend to the everyday business of making a living at his regular vocation, some part of the small work which he would like to do must be del- egated to the contractor. Other parts he can do himself, and it will be with no slight amount of inward gratification that the amateur will discover that his handi- work often surpasses that of the profes- sionals in quality though it may require a little longer to execute. But let us look over the house and endeavor to deter- mine just how much of our own home we can build in our spare time. rie the man with a home workshop, The breakfast nook off the kitchen, which is less cramped than the usual designs By E. E. Scotrr The Colonial fan motif, which distinguishes this entrance, was added by Mr. Scott The plans, of course, have been drawn personally, or at least the architect has been asked to include the numerous ex- tra features that go to make the house a home of superior convenience. In my‘own case I simply could not bring myself to pay a speculative contractor $2,000 or $3,000 profit, so drew the plans myself and hired a contractor who took only a percentage on the labor he supplied and gave materials at cost. By this arrange- ment I not only had a free hand in the direction of the work, but any labor I contributed myself reduced my bill by a corresponding amount. BF peaeiagend naturally centers first on the kitchen, the workshop of the home, where the opportunities for saving are most numerous both through efficient arrangement and the amount of cabinet- work required. Patented and stock de- sign kitchen cabinets are all right in their place, but our kitchen is to be fitted with two permanent cabinets, one on each side of the sink. The counter units can be bought fairly cheaply in the unfinished state, but a considerable saving can be made if only one is purchased and a copy made of it. The cupboards are all simple joinery and may be subdivided by shelves to suit our own ideas of convenience. The pan- eled doors can be bought in almost any desired size at from a dollar to two-fifty each, depending on the size. Since the pantry practically has been eliminated from the modern home, extra cabinets are placed conveniently about the room where dishes and other necessary articles are stored. The breakfast nook undoubtedly takes first rank as a labor saver in the home, particularly where there are children. Not only breakfast but midday lunch and meals at odd hours can be served quickly in it with a minimum of effort. It also makes an indirect saving in laundry work, as a tablecloth is not required. It is well to plan to have the nook large enough to accommodate three persons on each side. The table should be about fifty percent larger than the commercial article and built of 114-in. white pine. The table as well as the counter tops of the kitchen cabinets are neatly covered with a mono- tone linoleum, cemented down, which is not only easily (Continued on page 84) Mr. Scott saved at least $125 by building this beautiful mantel and side panels himself TR EE oo — ——ee Se SEPT RIES ST a SSS ee ee Ses. Le ii fiac ne E

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY The Constitution capturing the Java, from™ an aquatint in the Macpherson collection, London By Capt. E. Armitage McCann \ ,' JE HAVE now constructed the hull of our model of America’s most famous ship, the U. S. Frigate Constitution. It stands before us on the bench, a sturdy symbol of that great ship we affectionately call ‘Old Ironsides,” because she was so toughly built that she withstood the onslaughts of her enemies’ cannon balls and was never beaten. No wonder she remains with us after 128 years, a glorious monument to the might of the sea power of the United States. Those who would like to join us in building this model of the Constitution but who missed the description of the hull in last month’s issue, can do so without difficulty by obtaining Home Workshop Blueprints Nos. 57, 58 and 59 (see page 93). These contain full size drawings of the hull, rigging and deck fittings. All the spars had better be made next, so that the paint and varnish on them will be dry when we come to use them. It is advised that the full size rigging plan on Blueprints Nos. 58 and 59 be used as a guide for making these. If the blue- prints are not obtained, be careful to get each spar the right length and thickness as shown in Fig. 3 and the accompanying table. They are made most easily of straight grained dowel sticks of suitable thickness. The diameters of the masts are given near the heels. Each of them tapers about twenty-five percent to the top; the head of each mast is a shade thicker than the heel of the next above. The foremasts are slightly thinner than the mizzenmasts, and the mizzen (after) masts are nearly a third thinner than the mainmasis. HE lowermasts are white through- out. The other masts (all those higher up) are white where they are dou- bled up and varnished elsewhere. A litile raw sienna (artist’s oil color) may be added to the varnish to darken it prior to applying it, or a dark brown stain may be used and allowed to dry before applying the clear varnish. The lowermasts are cut off square and filed on the end to make them true, if necessary. At a position directly under where the tops (marked 1, Fig. 3) will come they are slightly flattened at the sides, to which places the cheeks (sup- porting brackets) are glued and nailed; these are flat pieces of wood cut to the shape shown on the blueprints and indi- cated in Fig. 3. They must be firmly fixed as they have to support the tops and all the strain of the rigging above. The other masts are square at both ends, except the skysail (highest) masts, which come to a fine taper and have a small bead on top of each to represent trucks. They also have a slight collar at the: masthead with a small hole under- neath. The topmasts (second from the deck) and topgallant masts (third) have a pin or needle driven through them with slightly projecting ends to support the crosstrees (marked 2, Fig. 3); these serve in place of trestle- trees. The _bowsprit and martingale (see Figs. 1 and 3) are white and the jib boom is white where it doubles with the bowsprit. They taper like the masts, but the flying jib boom (O, Fig. 3) tapers as small as possi- ble at the end. The diameters of the yards are given at the cen- ter; they all taper to half those thick- nesses at the ends. hatch covers, skylights and various fittings. “Old | RONSIDES” in Miniature HEN the hull has been con- structed, the next step is to make the spars from birch dowel sticks. An easy way to taper them is to draw them over a sharp plane The taper starts from one third to one half the distance from the middle to the ends. The lower yards have a small staple at the center; they and the topsail yards (the next yards above) have a vertical hole at the yardarms (the extreme ends). They are all varnished to match the masts. The lower yards should have saddles in the center to fit the masts. The spars may now be laid aside to dry while the other fittings are being made. The fittings for the masts may be made now, or left to later, as preferred. Their shapes and sizes are shown in Fig. 4. The tops should be made of wood, not more than }¥ in. thick, three-ply for preference. The round hole is to take the head of the lowermast and the square one for the heel of the topmast. The rectangular “lubber holes” at the sides are for the rigging to pass through (so named because the lub- Fig. 2. Deck view of the model, showing position of guns, boats, The hull is 20 in. long

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. 1927. SY one the aple ‘ical ds). the ave ade, ade heir The 10re nce, heel yber z to lub- February, 1927 Simple directions for making the spars and fittings of your model of the famous American man-o-war ber or inexpert sailor could crawl through them). The slot in front is for the yard sling and those at the edges for the top- mast shrouds. The handrails, abaft (at rear) only, may be all of wood or wood with pin posts. The various holes in the crosstrees and caps (Fig. 4) will explain themselves as the work proceeds. These are best made from celluloid about Y% in. thick, which can be found at a notion counter in the form of combs and various novel- ties. All these parts should be drilled for their individual masts, so that they fit snugly. They should be white. The bowsprit is rather more elaborate. Starting at the heel, a groove is made ora cleat nailed on (Figs. 2 and 3) to retain the gammoning (lashing). The next cleat on top is to retain the martingale boom (marked 5, Fig. 3); the third cleat, a larger one, is to take the heel of the jib boom (N), and the two outer cleats (at the sides) or “bees” retain the foretop- mast stay (Fig. 1). Below these are fastened at each side a deadeye for the bowsprit shrouds. Underneath, leaving room for the spritsail yard between, come deadeyes for the bobstays. How to make deadeyes will be told in next month’s issue. The dolphin-striker or martingale boom (Fig. 5) is forked and may be made in one piece with the bowsprit cap. Each leg has two holes and a slot at the end. The martingale boom may be of celluloid, but brass is better as it has a considerable strain to carry. It will be white. XT come the numerous guns. The Constitution in 1812 carried thirty long twenty-four pounders on the gun deck, twenty-two carronades of thirty- two pounds, two long twenty-four pound-. ers, and one long eighteen pounder on the frigate (top) deck. | i rr F/B ies:- al (ines: Full size drawings of all parts are contained in our Blueprints Nos. 57, 58 and 59 (see page 93), which you will find a great aid in building the model POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 69 Fig. 1. While this model of the Frigate Constitution is at once beautiful and authentic, the construction has been simplified so that a beginner can build it These guns may be made from round sticks of wood with a wire driven through for trunnions. They will be 1 in. long over all, 4% in. in diameter at the large end and a bare 3% in. at the thinnest part. There are, however, so many of them, that I found it easier to shape one care- fully, make a plaster of Paris mold, and in it to cast the others in lead. HE lower deck guns may be made in the same way, but without the butt ends; % in. will be long enough for them. All the guns may be black or bronze color, with black spots at the ends (Fig. 2). The gun carriages (Fig. 5) are cut with fret saw and penknife from a rectangular stick of soft wood. They are stained dark brown, and the guns are stapled to them by the trunnions. They will be glued to the deck later. The fife rails (Figs. 2 and 5) are made from hardwood, with uprights in. square and rails 4% by Y% in. The posts are slightly pointed and driven into square holes in the deck and glued. The rails are nailed to these with pin points, as well as being glued. Pin points passing upright through the rails represent the belaying pins. There also should be a small pin rail with two pins each inside the bulwark be- tween thegunports at a point oppo- site the mizzen rigging; these are glued and _ nailed to the bulwarks (see the deck plan, Blueprint No. 57). The channels (Figs. 2 and 5), to spread the rigging, have their upper edges coinciding with the edge of the deck although the after ones are a shade higher than that. They are of semihard wood \% in. thick and 3% in. wide. The forward ones will require curving slightly to the hull lines, They must be glued and nailed firmly in position. ; Two staples will be needed in the deck right in the bow on either side of the heel of the bowsprit (Fig. 2); two just forward of the mainmast; one on either side, close to the bulwarks, between gunports 1 and 2, 5 and 6, and 9 and 10, counting from forward; these are for the Bentinck shrouds and must be firm. Cleats will be waftted in the bulwark just forward of the first gunport, between the last two, and on the after bulwarks at the sides. They can be made of wood or celluloid, but two headless pins driven in across each other will serve the purpose. Spars from which the quarter boat would hang project from the stern (Fig. 2). They are \% in. square wood, slightly curved and nailed inside the bulwark, % in. inboard and 3in. outboard. They are painted black. The hatches (Figs. 2 and 6) are of soft wood 3% in. high and of the various sizes shown. The tops are in the form of gratings, which may be thin strips of wood, or simulated by punching holes with a square pointed nail. The sides will be black and the gratings dark brown. The skylights on half of two of them are small blocks glued on top. The glass effect is obtained with dark blue paint diagonally streaked with white, which is blended into the blue. N EITHER side of the capstan the hatches should be a scant in. high. It seems a foolish place to have them anyhow, beeause the men going round the capstan would have to climb over them as they heaved. Presumably they were for the ropes to be carried up and down. The steering gear (Fig. 6) consists of two wheels with a wooden barrel be- tween, supported by an upright at either end. The wheels, (Continued on page 90)

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What Radio Kit Sets Offer You How Any Amateur Can Build a Good Receiver Cheaply and Easily from Tested Parts By Aurrep P. LANE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY A typical “essential parts” kit set. It will give you three stages of tuned radio-frequency amplifi- cation with only two tuning controls. All parts needed for the tuned circuits are included in it OU can build a mighty fine } radio set these days, even if - you know nothing whatever # about radio. Standardized radio kit § sets have made this possible. In fact, | the illustrations on these pages will give you an idea of the wide variety of kits which are now being manu- February, 197 Above is a five-tube kit set that is complete down to the last screw. It features resistance- coupled audio amplification for tone quality on the loudspeaker and consoles that are now available, Kit sets are constructed according to latest engineering practice and Mechanical labor is avoided by the use of a kit that factured to help you turn out a radio embody most of the modern ideas for set that will give you highly satis- better reception found in the finest includes a drilled panel, subpanel, knocked-down aluminum stage shields and all the necessary hardware factory results and also rival the best commercial sets for finished appearance. The Popular ience Institute of Standards has approved a number of kits for home building, after determining the quality of the parts that go to make up each kit, as well as inspecting them from the viewpoint of the man who is going to be up against the job of putting them to- gether to get the set into operation. This means that to pass the Institute tests the circuit must be practical and efficient, the parts must be designed to work well with each other, and the instructions accompanying the kit must be clear and definite. To meet your individual requirements, various types of radio kit sets are avail- able. The so-called “essential parts kit” is a popular type and usually consists of all of the most important parts that make up the electrical circuit. The manu- facturers of such kits always supply a list of the rest of the material needed to make up a complete receiver. This type of kit is especially desirable if you already have done some radio work and you have a number of parts on hand that you wish to use. It also appeals to the more experienced radio fan who wants to exer- cise his own discretion in buying the rest of the apparatus. In most cases, you can obtain drilled and engraved panels suitable for use with the variable condensers and other controls furnished with a kit of essential parts. If you are a beginner at the radio game you may want to buy a radio kit that will include every single part down to the last screw and nut. Complete kits of this type also are available. Cabinets ordinarily are not supplied with radio kit sets. While you and your neighbor may agree on the electrical and mechanical features of a receiver, each of you will have his own ideas about the proper way to house it. Your neighbor may want nothing more than a cheap wooden box to protect it and keep it from getting dirty. You may prefer to build or buy a more-elaborate job of cabinetwork or a console type radio table fitted with a compartment for the batteries and perhaps a built-in loud- speaker. However, radio kits are being designed in standard sizes to fit into the front of the factory built radio cabinets reer another kit features complete To Help You Choose A SPECIAL list of approved radio kit sets has been prepared by the Popular Science Institute of Stand- ards. This list and a brief descrip- tion of the important features of each kit will help you choose the type of outfit best suited to your needs. Address your requests: Radio Editor, Porutar Scrence Monrtuty, 250 Fourth Ave., New York City. commercial receivers. You can get an essential parts kit for a circuit employ- ing six tubes with several stages of radio- frequency amplification tuned by coils of the closed field type and twin con- densers, so that there are but two tuning controls. Again, a five-tube outfit has unit shielding with the last word in variable primary coupling for each tuned radio-frequency stage. Rotating the con- denser shaft automatically changes the relation of the coils to give the maximum energy transfer on any wave length. shielding with an all-metal chassis including a metal front panel. Two-dial tuning is obtained on this set by an in- genious lever arrangement that couples the condenser shafts. Resistance-coupled audio amplification is an important feature in a kit that also employs two stages of tuned ,radio- frequency amplification. This particular kit includes a drilled, engraved panel and a specia] wooden baseboard supported by wooden runners at each end to allow space underneath for most of the wiring. All modern radio kit sets are designed to take advantage of the possibilities of the latest types of power tubes so that you can get plenty of volume without dis- tortion. The great advantage of kit construc- tion, as far as the inexperienced amateur radio fan is concerned, is that the parts are designed to work with each other. You do not have (Continued on page 72)

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lable, rding - and as for finest n get ploy- radio- coils con- two outfit rd in tuned 2 con- s the imum aplete hassis o-dial an in- yuples cation t also radio- icular el and ed by ‘space signed ties of at you tt dis- istruc- nateur parts other. age 72) POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Look for this New’ Electric Drill Display at your Hardware Store You can expect good service and long service from this Millers Falls Electric Drill. Read the specifications below. Then look for the display and ask for a demonstration. Leading hardware stores throughout the country have this drill in stock. - You will find that Millers Falls standards of quality and performance are lived up to in this new tool. It is sturdy, well balanced, easy to use, and easy to take care of. Sixty years of tool making are behind it, and years of use are built into it. Motre efficient work in shop or garage result from the use of this Millers Falls Electric Drill. It is unexcelled for amateur work. We welcome the most thorough test. MILLERS FALLS COMPANY ~- MILLERS FALLS, MASS. NEW YORK, 28 WARREN STREET « CHICAGO, 9 SOUTH CLINTON STREET MILLERS FALLS SINCE 1868 © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. Specifications Portable Electric Drill No. 414 MOTOR - Universal—operates on D. C., or on A. C., up to 60 cycles.) SPEED + No load 1800 RPM 1.2 Amps. CAPACITY + 0-% in. in steel, 0-5% in. in cast iron, o-% in. in wood. Furnished for 110 or 220 volts. Jacobs heavy duty chuck. Heat treated alloy steel gears. Ball thrust bearing on spindle. Armature mounted on high grade ball bearings. Automatic switch mounted on handle. Armored attachment plug. Aluminum housing efficiently ventilated. Pig-tail brushes {not usually found in drills of this size}. Easily replaced from outside without taking tool apart. Grease lubrication throughout. 8 feet best quality rubber covered cord furnished. Spindle offset for close boring—'% in. from outside of housing. Weight 5% lbs. net. Overall length 12 in. Packed one in a heavy corrugated box. PRICE + 110 Volt, $30.00.

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How to SELECT and BUILD a Radio Kit Set POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY February, 1927 (Continued from page 70) to find out what capacity con- densers are needed with the coils you have already pur- chased or whether a particular type of amplifier will give qual- ity reproduction with the tuning circuits you have worked out. ROUBLES with squealing and oscillations caused by improper placing or adjusting of coils will not bother you if you buy either an essential parts kit or a complete kit. The manu- necessary wiring. For such work you will need wire-cutting pliers preferably of rather small size, g screwdriver and, in most cases a soldering iron, soldering paste and solder. Don’t be afraid to tackle gol. dering. Anyone can master it jn a half hour’s practice on some short pieces of wire. The secret of good soldering is to have the iron hot enough so that the solder actually flows into the joint. Most of the trouble jg caused by removing the iron be. facturer has done away with all these difficulties. This is a point of particular importance in at- tempts to build a shielded set. Shielding a coil changes its effective inductance, and the number of turns of wire in the coil must be adjusted to compensate for this effect. Other- wise you will find that the desired range of wave lengths cannot be covered. The size of the shield, ihe diameter and length of the coil, and the spacing around it influence these calculations. Manu- facturers of kits that employ shielding take all these factors into account in building the various pieces of apparatus. Your success in assembling any good radio kit set will not depend on your theoretical or practical knowledge of radio matters. You can get away with it even if you don’t know a vacuum tube from a storage battery. It is absolutely essential, however, that you go at the work with a fixed determination to follow the dia- grams and printed instructions to the letter. No matter how anxious you are to get started on the actual work of assembling and wiring, don’t let your enthusiasm get the best of you. Before you do a stroke of work, sit down with the in- struction book and the parts of the kit, and go over every detail until you are familiar with it. Make sure that you have positively identified the terminals of the various instruments with the refer- ences to them in the instructions and wiring diagrams. Perhaps the greatest advantage of building a radio set from a kit of parts is the fact that the manu- facturer has carefully matched them so that they will work with each other to give correct results. Consequently, unless you are an The tuning unit at right, from a popular kit set, usesa uniquecam action to vary the coupling as the condenser plates are moved A metal panel and baseboard with wiring concealed underneath, as well as complete shielding, interchangeable tuning coils, and simplified tuning, are featured in the kit set ilustrated above. Any amateur can build it Study the Instruction Book! Detailed wiring diagrams and clear, simple instructions for assembling the apparatus are necessary parts of a good kit set expert, it is a mighty good idea to follow the manufacturer’s directions, both as to the parts to use and their placement in the receiver, exactly as specified. In many cases other parts may be sub- stituted with equally good results, but if you are a beginner you will have no means of knowing what liberties you can take with the instructions without getting into trouble. Aside from troubles with electrically mismated parts you may run into me- chanical difficulties. For instance, you might decide to use a different type of variable condenser and then find that the dimensions of the condenser you had bought were such that it would not fit into the space provided for it in the lay- out. HE amount of work and the tools needed to build a receiver from a kit set will depend on the type of kit, and on what is included in it. If, for instance, it is a complete kit with a drilled front panel, a base or subpanel that also is drilled, and all the necessary brackets and other hard- ware, you will have no real construction work to do. Your problem will amount to nothing more than bolting and screw- ing the parts into place and doing the fore the metal parts to be joined have become warm enough. From an electrical point of view there is little choice be. tween a soldered joint and a con. nection to a binding post provided that both are properly made. As far as speed in wiring is concerned, soldering the joints is just about as fast as bending up loops to be clamped under binding posts, especially as it takes practice to cut off a piece of wire the right length so that when you bend one end of it into a loop the wire will fit where it belongs. F YOU purchase a kit without a drilled panel, you will need to add a small hand drill to the tools listed above. Before you start assembling the parts of the kit on the panel and baseboard or sub-base, make sure that the parts fit to- gether and into the cabinet. Then pro. ceed with the assembly and start in on the wiring. It is a good plan to cross off each wire on the diagram as soon as you get it properly fixed in the receiver. This will help you to check the wiring and make sure that no connections are overlooked. If you like to build things yourself, the radio kit set offers you an opportunity to construct a high class receiver with most of the chances for errors eliminated before you start. Factory built radio cabinets of almost every possible style are now available so that you need not worry about this im- portant part of your outfit. There are plain cabinets in various kinds of wood costing from five to ten or fifteen dollars and there are more elaborate cabinets with inlaying, carving and so on. Con- sole type tables with a space for the radio set in the upper compartment and room for the batteries in the lower section are very popular. These can be ob- tained with built-in loudspeakers either with or without a loudspeaker unit. Closed field radio-frequency transformers tuned by twin con- densers fitted with small trimming condensers make high amplification and sharp tuning easy with the essential parts kit

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9, 1927 2 work pliers Slze, a on- igh kit February, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 73 Another Britannica Triumph! Huge Britannica Presses Kept Running Continuously for Four Solid Months To Catch Up With Overwhelming Demand New 13th Edition ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA In the Compact NEW FOR 32 Volumes bound as 16 YOU CAN SAVE 40% HE amazing success of this new 13th Edition of the ENCYCLOPAE- DIA BRITANNICA has not been en- tirely unexpected. But the tremendous demand for this new Britannica in the world-famous NEW FORM has taken the publishers by surprise. More than ninety out of every hun- dred purchasers of this new 13th Edition have demanded the NEW FORM in preference to the de luxe Cambridge Issue. ‘ yo ee ihe DRI” aad MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY Past Records Smashed Already, more than 25,000 sets have been delivered in the NEW FORM, and orders are still pouring in. To meet this overwhelming demand, it has been found necessary to utilize every one of the huge Britannica pressesfor NEW FORM production. Another special order for a mil- lion pounds of Britannica Opacity Paper has just been delivered, and within another week it will be possible to make prompt deliveries. If you want your set of the new Britannica in the preferred NEW FORM, you have no time to lose. This announcement will bring another flood of orders, which will quickly exhaust the available supply. How You Save 40% By the use of thefamous Britannica Opacity Paper, which is made to order in tremendous quantities, a considerable saving is effected. By printing from the same plates as are used in the Cambridge Issue, thousands of dollars are saved, because this makes it un- necessary to reset the 33,000 pages of type. And, finally, by binding the 32 volumes as 16 (2 vols. in 1 cover) the binding costs are reduced one-half. Contents Are Identical In the Cambridge Issue and the NEW FORM the contents are identical. Nothing is omitted—nothing altered. Here are the 28 vols. of the latest standard edition, 3 supple- mentary vols. and an enlarged index, making a total of 32 vols. All the 45,000 special CR ee ti ant eee The ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, Inc. 342 Madison Avenue, New York articles are here— all the magnificent color pages—all the beauty of workman- aes Easy Payment Plan, Please send me, without obligation on my part, your FREE Booklet; also NEW FORM Bargain Offer (40% saving); and full particulars of your If You Act NOW! This is the only work of reference ever published that gives you ali the worth-while knowledge in the world. No other book ever written has approached it in authority and completeness. A Million Facts for Instant Use? Here, in 33,000 pages, are 45,000 articles— over a million facts—written by more than 2,500 of the great world leaders in every branch of human activity. No matter how important your position may be, if you haven’t the Britannica at hand to give you information you must have in a hurry, you are holding yourself back from the higher achievements of which you are capable. This NEW BOOKLET FREE Get all the facts about the new Britan- nica in the NEW FORM at a sav- ing of 40%. You have no time to lose. This new Booklet, fresh from the press, will tell you all about this Amazing Bar- gain Offer. Send for it now— it’s FREE. Just fillin and mail this Coupon TODAY. Drop it in your nearest mail box before the last collection tonight. PSM7-Al AAs... State City. IS] This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies -the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. Daneman en en een en eneweneneeiabeniinen Lancome SSS —————

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Better Shop How Expert Mechanics Save Time and Labor ‘Tricks in JAPER REAMING x TOOL cries J ppt Grimes selected a taper reamer with a much greater twist than usual for Harvey to use ANG it all! That’s the second taper reamer I’ve broken this morning,’ exclaimed young Har- vey Smith angrily, as he took the broken tool out of the chuck and marched down the aisle to the tool crib to get another. As he stood waiting at the window a familiar voice greeted him with: “Hard luck,. Harvey—break a reamer?” Mr. Grimes, the efficiency engineer, was the speaker. “Yes, sir. That makes two already today. It’s a mean little job—come over and look at it, will you?” Harvey re- sponded as he picked up the new reamer. They both walked up the shop to Har- vey’s machine. “‘Here are a couple of boxes of shafts and collars (A and B, Fig. 1),”’ explained the young machinist. “I have to drill and ream the hole for the taper pin (C) and assemble the pin. Every little while the reamer seems to catch in the work and pull in. The next thing—snap!—it breaks, no matter how carefully I feed it.” Osan looked at the work for a moment and then said, ‘Well, Harvey, a reamer like you are using (D, Fig. 1) is best suited for hand reaming. A spiral fluted reamer (E) would not cause you so much trouble, as the spiral, being cut left-hand, tends to keep the reamer from pulling into the work. I am referring to the regulation taper reamer particularly suitable for machine reaming. There is still another form (F) made with a much greater twist. It is still better for steel work; indeed, it is a special form that is excep- tionally good. Let’s try the tool crib and see what Charlie has.” They found what they wanted—a reamer like F. “I don’t know why Charlie didn’t give me one of these in the first place,” Harvey commented, as they returned. “I can see by looking at it that I won’t have much more trouble with this job.” He slipped it into place and tightened the chuck. Grimes watched him for a few minutes and then remarked: “You 4 Fig. 1. If you had to ream the hole for the taper pin C, which reamer would you choose? can see now, Harvey, how,important it is to pick the right kind of reamer for a job. If you had used the right reamer to start with, you would be almost through with the work now and wouldn’t have broken any reamers.” “You're right,” acknowledged Harvey. “I didn’t realize just what I -should How to Choose the Right Type of Tool—Roughing and Finishing Reamers—Lubrication By ALBERT A. Down, Consulting Engineer have used, but I can see it easily now.” “Taper holes are always troublesome,” continued Grimes. “I saw a pile of small castings over there by the turret lathe a day or two ago and a blueprint showing that they are to be turned, faced, bored and reamed ‘to a taper plug gage. Are you going to do that job, Harvey?” *“Yes—just as soon as the rest of the castings come in. I shall probably go at it in a day or so.” HE noon whistle blew at that mo- ment and Harvey and Grimes walked over to the turret lathe to have a look at the castings. Special chuck jaws indi- cated at B, Fig. 2, were to be used to hold the casting so that it could be turned, faced, bored and reamed at the same setting. “How are you going to put in the taper hole?” asked Grimes. “Oh, I'll use a core drill (C, Fig. 2) and follow it with roughing and finishing taper reamers (D).”’ Harvey motioned toward the tools, which were lying on the bench. “Must the hole be concentric with the outside of the work?” inquired the engineer. “Why, certainly.” “Well, you won’t get it that way, my boy. If the cored hole were absolutely true you wouldn’t have much trouble, but both core drill (Continued on page 116) ANY time-saving shop ideas are contained in the continuation of the Better Shop Methods Department, to be found on pages 115 to 123. y Wh CROSS SLIDE Fig. 2. Harvey had intended to finish the hole in A with core drill C and roughing and finishing reamers D, until Grimes sketched for him the correct tool layout shown at the right TURNING aac TURRET FLOATING REAMER _~z FACING TOOLS © o © FINISHING REAMER \ ROUGHING REAMER *

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ml Aare ai‘ POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY | ance: FF af / oo. eee we ee There isn’t anything that gives a man more satis- faction than the knowledge that, whatever the job, back of him are the right tools— Starrett’s. You owe it to yourself to own a full kit of Starrett Tools. Catalog No. 23‘W’ illustrates and describes them all. Ask us to send you a copy. THE L. S. STARRETT CO. World’s Greatest Toolmakers Manufacturers of Hacksaws Unexcelled Steel Tapes — Standard - Accuracy ATHOL, M Here are some of the tools you need Combination Square No. 94. Steel Tape No. 520. T Handle Tap Wrench No. 93. Pistol Grip Hacksaw Frame No. 169. Combination Tool No. 439. Floor, Bench and Cabinet Scraper No. 181. Aluminum Line Level No. 108. Stair Gage Fixtures No. 470 — . =) vy 7s © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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Can’t Break or Loosen Prove this Yourself Bite into and pull the head or clench of a 60d spike or pin thru a 4 inch plank. FORGED in | ONE PIECE \~ of Fine Tool Steel, Grip of Sole Leather Washers, press- ed and riveted between the shoulder and steel washer. eB: ce La a Estwing ‘‘Unbreakable’’ are the New Era Patented Tools. . Adopted by the carpenters. . Used by —— industries where all others failed. — . Approved by university and whole- salers laboratories. Have Unbreakable strength. Easier and surer drive. Finest grip and feel. Unsurpassed temper. . Weather proofed, absolutely. panee as superior as quality. Unheard of value for their price. SOMONM NP go Pp _ Guaranteed ‘*UNBREAKABLE”’ by our “Free Replacement” Tag and SUPERIOR IN EVERY WAY or we refund your money in 30 days. Using Estwing “Unbreakable” is Leadership Show this to your dealer, he will be to serve you. Or send money with order, inclose 15c extra for each tool ordered which pays postage; or pay mail man. Curyed Claw Hammer, e oz. Head 8 3 2.00 ee ee 20 oft oii 2.25 Straight “ pee 2.00 ee ci ee = 2.00 « ci 2 25 Half Hatchet No. 2, Smooth Face 2.25 ga a *“* Scored “ 2.25 Util-ax, 28 oz. with Leather Sheath 2.25 Scout Ax, 240z. “ sg “ 2.00 ESTWING MFG co., Rockford, Ill. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY | quired angle. | grinder may be driven with one hand and Werke SS SS. How to Rig Up a Hand Tool Grinder for Truing and Smoothing Small Pieces of Wood By Epwarp THATCHER HIP model makers and others using many small pieces of wood which have to be fitted accurately together, will find that the simple sandpapering device illustrated saves much time and patience. With its aid small pieces of wood may be squared up quickly, and that is usually no easy task. Most home mechanics number the hand tool grinder among their possessions. In ; "as ft | | place of the grind- ‘4 ‘4 ing wheel is mount- a ed a wooden disk faced with sandpa- | per. A simple wood- en table is made to support the work being sanded and a guide strip of wood may be attached to thistablewith brads, either at right an- gles to the sandpa- per or at any re- The Ay i Sac the work held against the guide and pressed toward the revolving sandpaper with the other hand. The tool grinder and the disk sander, together with the table, are mounted on a flat strip of wood, which may be clamped to the bench or held in vise jaws. The grinding wheel may be replaced quickly for grinding, or other wooden disks, faced with different grades of sand- paper or emery cloth, may be substituted. Even shops equipped with a power disk sander or a lathe fitted with a disk sander, will find this little sander useful, as it can be attached to the bench near the work, where it will save many steps. O MAKE the sander, first remove the nut and grinding wheel from the grinder. From a block of pine or white- wood % or 1 in. thick, saw out a disk of about the same diameter as the grind- ing wheel. The block should be thick enough so that when it is screwed on the threaded spindle of the grinder, the end of the spindle will not project beyond the face of the disk. Bore a hole through the center of the disk so that it may be screwed securely on the spindle. Before turning up the face and edges of the disk, build the table on its sup- porting strip; then you may do the turn- ing directly on the grinder. This strip and table are of any soft wood, but care should be used to see that the pieces are as true and accurate as possible. Par- ticularly should the top of the table be square and true and at right angles to rT rrr iit iS a Strips and small blocks of wood can be shaped very accurately with this machine the surface of the disk. The top should come up to the center of the disk. The dimensions of these parts will depend on thé size of the grinder. This part of the work may be glued and nailed together, or, better still, glued and screwed. At one end of the supporting strip, A, is glued piece B and to this and the sup. porting strip is fastened piece C. At the end of piece C and ; oT resting on A is an- It other piece forming _ the third side of the boxlike suppert of the table, D. Use a square when at- taching the guide to the table top, if you ‘are setting this at right angles to the sander. With the grinder clamped in place, see that the untrued disk is as square as possible with the table top and that it runs freely. Geta friend to turn the grinder handle for you while you use a small gouge to true up the face and surface of the disk. A chisel edge may be used to scrape the surface to a flat finish. See to it that the face of the disk is square across and then glue on your sand- paper. A square piece may be used and trimmed around with a knife after the glue dries. A strip of sandpaper also may be glued around the outside edge of the disk and will be found useful as a drum sander. For small work very fine sandpaper is best. Always bear with a light pressure. WOODEN DISK WITH SANDPAPER FACE AND RIM TO BE CLAMPED» —— IN VISE OR TO BENCH A general view of the disk sander and how it appears from the working end © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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rd id POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY oor WiMnteee and Lycos. the Sixth Sense 4 I EVERY step in converting raw rubber into the finished com- mercial product heat plays a tremendously important part. / LYCOS for the Home | And as in every other manufacturing process where heat is i ite: icin in ites tion an important factor Tycos Instruments—the Sixth Sense of Industry human efficiency. —are playing a big part in saving money and insuring manufacturers Be See Semener Fe enable you to get of a uniform quality. st g rom your bath. ; ° iia ht the Ahaha One of the largest manufacturers of rubber tires in the world is Seer Rear Hees, Tie sicet:f ete saving $10,000 yearly in one process alone through the use of Jyeos i le Pinensiectinie~ "To eh v0 western Instruments. Another manufacturer, through the use of Zycos Instru- a temperature in your house conduave to good ments, has effected a saving of 60% because one man can now handle Aree ten machines instead of four as formerly—and he is now getting a Toler Quality Compasses—To show you the right : y g Ing way in unfamiliar country. product of uniform quality and there is no spoilage in the manufacturing. eee Sipee: Mivermenener A nernesing te. sepey Whatever you make if your manufacturing problems require the ail din sting sinner indicating, recording or controlling of temperature there is a type and four hours ahead with dependable accuracy. style of instrument in the Zycos Line of 8000 varieties that will help eae Masewniter—-Fevenshle vey te heen thohe you. Informative literature on any type of instrument will be sent midity 0) e atmosphere itn your home correct at a . . . times. you promptly on request. Or our engineer will consult with you on Your dealer will show them to you. Ask us, h li : f : l f: : bl on a postal, for booklets on any of the above t e app ication (@) Tycos to your particu ar manu acturing pro em. Tycos for the Medical Profession e Zycos Sphygmomanometer, Pocket and C flice types. j hk / 7, lA CK Jcos Urinalysis Glassware. ay. Or Ns ‘e umen OMmp anles Zycos Fever Thermometers. i y Main Office and Factory Bulletins on Request . ROCHESTER,N.Y. - - U.S.A. — Canadian Plant: See BUILDING, TORONTO SHORT & MASON, Ltd., Manufacturing Distributors in Great Britain owe ~ SLXTH ~ SENSE - .@F = INDUSTRY lycos Te emperature Iestinkanaian DICATING - RECORDING ~ CONTROLLING © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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PEXTO No. 100 The ‘““Monkey”’ wrench is the indispensable tool for the mechanic in the shop or garage and for the handy-man-around- the-house. PEXTO WRENCHES are backed by a century of tool making experi- ence and are a combina- tion of skillful workman- ship and materials of quality. There are five styles and all practical sizes of each style. Ask your dealer to show you these Pexto Wrenches. Write for Booklet The Peck, Stow & Wilcox Co. Southington, Conn., U. S. A. Worth While TOOLS POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

but speedy barrel- stave craft that skim down icily glazed hill- sides and ride boatlike over soft snowdrifts

lay deep in the hollows. Bluster- ing winds had piled it there, leaving the hillsides glazed with a surface too hard for skis and too thin and rough for tobog- gans. The boys tried skipjacks, only to come to grief in the snow-filled valleys. Loose snow precluded bobsledding on the road, and ice heavy enough for skating lay buried many inches deep. Karl surveyed a broken skipjack rue- fully. Something had to be done. There remained only a few days of the holiday vacation and neither he nor Jack had any intention of wasting those few days in- doors. ° “A toboggan would ride those drifts,” suggested Jack, while his eyes wandered about the workshop where the boys stood, “‘but she would split to smithers halfway down the hill, the snow is so thin.” BARREL HEAD BACK REST Joss, snow

How the larger “kayaks’’ are constructed; a smaller type is shown in the photographic illustration above Snow Canoes Made of Barrel Staves By J. V. Hazzarp ——> “Yes,” responded Karl thoughtfully, “and it’s too much to expect to find, or make, a smooth, wide track on any of these cobble-covered hills. Now, if we had a narrow gage toboggan—” Jack’s eyes lit and he bounced across the workshop, hauled an old apple barrel from its place in the corner and gave the head a resounding kick, knocking two of the three boards flying. . “Pick out the widest staves, Karl— those without holes in them. I’m going to make a sort of snow canoe—something that will run down the rough on a narrow bottom and ride the drifts, too!” The boys nailed pieces of hoop inside the wide staves selected, clinching the nails securely. The staves were held more or less in their original position, as shown in the accompanying drawing. One piece of the barrel head fitted the staves nicely < and was nailed in and braced to form a back for the seat. Another wide stave was now selected and nailed to the under- side of the middle stave of the rear section, lapping it some 7 or 8 in. To the forward end of this stave was nailed a hardwood block 3 in. wide at the bottom and 4 in. wide at the top, by an inch or more in thickness. The front stave now was tapered from where it joined the rear section to the lower corners of the block in such a manner as to make snug joints with two additional staves, which were attached (Continued on page 95)

© This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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[eo eeee S . e O =) o ee: — BT e828 |.Feese — a | * \ ' '

Americas ae | cost power trans. 4 i portation ~ ) | HE Harley-Davidson ih motorcycle | —costs barely one cent per mile to operate! No wonder thousands upon thousands of people are adopting this amazingly low cost and dependable means of transportation. The cost is actually lower than street car or bus fare! Only one-seventh the cost of operating a low priced motor car! The Single is easy to ride and control—safe. Parks in any

t 2x8 ft. space—convenient. Travels 80 miles on a gallon— Easy to Buy, Too! economical. Powerful, dependable, Ricardo-head motor. Your Harley-Davidson deal- er offer i yong Pay- See your local Harley-Davidson dealer for a demonstra- poem erage 3 eetio tion and send us the coupon for free literature. transmission and full elec- nt,

HARt HARLEY-Davi aieenaes a: = Histees) Single, it : i = ‘ ml f ‘ ame si a i" sul i w= Sevier | nm : eres aienmes ml : i f a a tt 5 - i i 2 ‘igdgisdsb i |

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@ 4 er advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY It’s not too late to enjoy NOKOL OIL HEAT this winter Installation Can be Made in a Few Hours Time you’ve planned to enjoy the benefits of auto- matic oil heat this winter and have put off in- stalling your NOKOL, you'll be glad to know it’s not too late. The NOKOL automatic oil burner can be put in any kind of heating plant with practically no interruption of service. Now is really the time to enjoy NOKOL heat at its best. Just imagine what it will mean to turn over all your heating cares to this efficient oil burner and forget about the heating prob- lem—all winter long. Regardless of how cold it gets or how quick the changes, you are prepared. All you dois set the thermostat at the temperature desired and NOKOL does the rest. There's no getting up to start the furnace at the break of dawn; no stoking coal; no ashes, dust or soot; nothing but constant, healthful, uniform heat at just the temperature you desire. NOKOL is one of the few oil burners installed on a scientific basis. There are 8 different sizes to meet every possible need. When you put in a NOKOL you get just the right size burner for your home—there’s no over-heating and no under-heating. Because high grade oil is used, NOKOL’S efficiency is so great that its cost by the year is actually less than with burners that use low grade oil. Send for free booklet, ““A New Guide to Oil Heat for Homes,” together with details of our convenient budget plan. @ NEW Silent N No ( COAL AUTOMATIC OIL HEATING FOR HOME FREE—NEW BOOK AMERICAN NOKOL COMPANY Dept. 27, 215 North Michigan Ave., Chicago, II. Please send your new book on OIL HEAT. City. on ; State Whoa! This Rocking-Horse By Cuartes M. MILier ing-horse and a roller coaster. It moves forward or backward ac- cording to the stress applied by the movements of the rider. “Just an additional nuisance about the home!” you may say. But it is a new thrill for the young- sters and is intended for use outside, on sidewalks and porch- es as it does not per- form well on rugs, or, for that matter, on lawns. The outline or pat- tern of the various parts should be drawn full size on heavy wrapping paper. A screen of threads 2 in. apart was set be- fore the horse when one illustration ap- pearing on page 102 was made; these squares give an idea of the proportions. The body should be cut from a board 134 in. thick; the head, neck, tail and legs are % in. thick. The neck is set into a dadoed groove in the body, the dado being as wide as the thickness of the neck and at least 1 in. deep. The tail is mortised and tenoned or doweled to the body as shown in Fig. 1. The legs must be tapered off in thick- ness toward the top (as in Fig. 2) so that they will spread apart at the bottom to brace the body. The slicing off can be "Tie: colt is a cross between’ a rock- am CENTER @ (PUNCH TAIL CONNECTION SS ND SEPARATION S FIG.5 BLOCK The tail and legs; how to center the wooden rollers and mark and assemble the rockers Ti “oh The rider of this strange steed can rock in one place or roll forward, as he pleases done best with a rip saw unless one hag access to a circular saw. : In this model the front legs are about 18 in. long, with a span of about 4 jp, between the feet; the back legs are 16 jn, long, with about the same span. When the stage of fitting the horse the rockers is reached, place the feet, which should be left at least 1% in. longer than the final size, on the _ crosspieces which are to support them. Lay a thin strip of wood down on the crosspiece alongside a foot and mark a line on the foot. Do this on each side of each foot to show where to cut them off—the same method used for tru-. ing the uneven legs of a chair. This is im- portant because the cut will be at an angle that cannot be marked easily in any other way. There are two pairs of rockers, the members of each pair being separated sufficiently to allow the mounting of | rollers between them. The rollers. which resemble caster wheels, may be of wood or metal. In making the rollers for the model illustrated, a 134-in. round hard- wood rod was cut into 1 4-in. lengths ina miter box. The sharp edges were re- moved with a wood file. The axles or arbors are \4-in. bolts, preferably with ends which are threaded only for a short distance. Two washers are used to separate each roller from the rocker pieces. If one could obtain brass tubing of the right size, it might be well to use it to make bushings for the rollers. HE rockers in this instance were made of 3¢-in. thick three-ply Oregon pine 18 by 48 in., sawed out on a radius of 42 in. The cut for the upper curve of one rocker formed the lower cut for the next so that no time or stock was wasted. How the board was laid out is shown in Fig.4. The center line was first drawn and then a strip of wood with notches in each end was held against a nail, A, and used as a compass. The nail was then moved back 2 in. and another are drawn, tke process being continued until all were laid out. The rollers must be centered and bored carefully. To do this quickly it is best to make a centering jig of a block at least 1% in. (Continued on page 102) rIS} This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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were Jregon radius irve of or the rasted. wn in vn and n each d used moved n, tke re laid | bored is best ock at

:ge 102) ——_—<—<———<<— POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY The Layerbilt pat- ented construction re- vealed. Each layer is an electrical cell, mak- ing automatic contact with its neighbors, and fill- ing ail available space inside the battery case, Eveready Layerbilt “B” Battery No. 486, the Heavy-Duty bat- tery that should be Specified for all loud- speaker sets. This is the Heavy-Duty Battery in which the new Layerbilt construction provides greater economy THERE'S an important discovery in radio economy awaiting all users of loud-speaker sets who have been buying the smaller Light-Duty “B” batteries instead of the large Heavy-Duty size required by such sets. Because the Light-Duties cost somewhat less to buy they seem like an economy, but the sur- prising fact is that the Eveready Layer- bilt No. 486 lasts more than twice as long though it does not cost anywhere near twice as much. It is, therefore, much more economical—we believe it to be the most economical “B” battery ever built. Certainly it has proved this by laboratory tests and the service it has given to radio listeners in their own homes during the past eighteen months, Eveready Layerbilt’s remarkable life is due to its unique construction. All other dry cell ““B” batteries are assem- bled of cylindrical cells, with much waste space between them, and many soldered connections bridging the gaps. Several years ago we struck boldly out, away from this tradition, seeking a better method. We wanted to avoid waste space, minimize soldering, and get more current and longer life from a given quantity of active materials. The Eveready Layerbilt is the result. This patented, exclusive battery is built in layers of flat current-producing elements, making automatic connection with each other. Every available inch inside the battery is occupied usefully. You get more battery for your money, and that battery is more efficient. © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. Remember this about “B” batteries: All loud-speaker sets require Heavy- Duty batteries, and the Eveready Lay- erbilt has proved time and again to be the longest lasting and most economical Heavy-Duty “B” battery. Manufactured and guaranteed by NATIONAL CARBON CO., Inc. New York San Francisco Canadian National Carbon Co., Limited Toronto, Ontario

Tuesday night is Eveready Hour Night— 9 P. M., Eastern Standard Time, through the following stations: wraF-New York wrtam—Cleveland wyar—Providence ww)J-Detroit WEEI-Boston won-Chicago wtac-W orcester woc-Davenport wri-Philadelphia weco! Minneapolis wor—-Buffaio \ St. Pa: ‘wcaE—Pittsburgh xsp-St. Louis wsal-Cincinnati wrc-W ashington

os ne

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Old Pipe-Smoker Switches Back to Favorite T obacco Evidently, one way to appreciate a certain tobacco is to try another kind. At least, that has been the experience of one veteran pipe-smoker. By switching temporarily to other tobacco he finally came back to his old-time favorite with a new appreciation and a vow never to change again. Read this “signed confession” : Peoria, Il. Aug. 26, 1926 Messrs. Larus & Bro. Co., Richmond, Va. Dear Sirs: Just a confession and an appreciation. A number of years ago I was a user of your Edgeworth smoking tobacco. But like some others, perhaps, I was led by allur- ing advertisements to change. A few days ago I went into a drug store to get some tobacco, and on the case was the familiar can of Edgeworth. I bought it and since then I have enjoyed old-time comfort. So my confession is that I made a mis- take in changing to other brands, and my appreciation is such that Edgeworth will be my Smoke Pal while life lasts, which may not be long, for I have passed my “three score years and ten.” Very truly yours, (signed) E. P. Fishburn Let us send you free samples of Edge- worth so that you may put it to the pipe test. If you like the, sam- ples, you'll like Edge- worth wherever and whenever you buy it, for it never changes in quality. Write your name and address to Larus & Brother : Company, 10-N S. 21st Street, Kichmond, Va. We'll be grateful for the name and ad- dress of your tobacco dealer, too, if you care to add them. Edgeworth is sold in various sizes to suit the needs and means of all purchasers. Both Edgeworth Plug Slice and Edgeworth Ready- Rubbed are packed in small, pocket-size packages, in handsome humidors holding a i pound, and also in several handy in-between a | sizes. To Retail Tobacco Merchants: If your jobber cannot supply you with Edgeworth, Larus & Brother Company will gladly send you prepaid by parcel post a one- or two- dozen carton of any size of Edgeworth Plug Slice or Edgeworth Ready-Rubbed for the same price you would pay the jobber. {o radio—tune inon WRVA, Richmond, Va. } Edgeworth Station. Wave length 256 meters. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Music Cabinet wz Built-In Rack The Top Lifts Up to Form a Stand for | N Wi ; al a IN n, | My The unique rack attached to this cabinet sup- ports bulky books just as well as sheet music Ly HIS simple music cabinet has a top that folds back to form a rack ca- pable of holding the largest music books. Other advantages are the adjustable shelves and the lightweight construction. From 2 by 2 in. stock of whatever wood is selected for the cabinet, cut the four legs, 2 ft. 11 in. long and plane to 14% in. square. Mark the two best adjacent sides of each as working faces, to go outside the cabinet, and lay out on one piece the mortises for the front and side rails, gaging from the face sides. On an inner side of one, starting 34 in. from the upper end, gage two lines 134 in. long, one % in. from the working face, and one % in. Square across the ends, locating the upper front rail mortise. A similar layout for a mortise 14 in. Even the Heaviest Bound Volumes By Epwin M. Love long is made 6% in. from the lower end, Gage for like mortises on the inner face, and chisel out to a depth of 14% in. Plow a 3-in. groove 14 in. deep and 2 ft. 3¥ in. long, 3% in. from a face side of each leg, beginning at the upper end of the leg. The groove is to take the side panel. Since a plow will not work the end of a groove that does not run full length of the stock, it is necessary to chisel out a short mortise at the blind end into which the nose of the plane can slide. Taper the lower 6 in. of the leg XY in, from each side, making the foot 1 in| square. Glue a plug 34 in. long into the upper end of the groove.* Make the other front leg the opposite of the first, to form a pair, using the first as a pattern. HE back legs are made much like the front, but the lower back rail mortises are 2 in. long and are 6 in. from the lower ends. Cut a rabbet 3¢ in. deep and 1 in. wide in the inner back corners, to receive the back panel. Clamp to- gether, side by side, a front leg and its back leg, and bore %-in. holes % in deep every 2 in., beginning 12 in. from the lower end and ending 7% in. from the top, all centering on the inner edges of the legs, which bear together. This forms the semicircular (Continued on page 104) = “ -- 1 _ - ' g je Sas . = K—2-0. ——_4 ed CUT PANEL re) (2% x2 Ihe" ny 548 xt-% lp Yi CUT PANEL Vile [- ——— — = a | Wey | ! Ts | Wo | 1 1 ] | 4 SIDE ELEVATION e417 HALF | FRONT ELEV. re a mee BOTTOM SHELF SECTION A-A i Three views showing the construction in detail and suggesting suitable dimensions. By moving the cleats, it is possible to shift the shelves to suit whatever books and sheet music the cabinet is to hold © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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the old Look up your ceilings HAVE YOU A CEILING that is cracked or falling? Do you need more livingspace ? Would you like to build ina clothes closet the garage need lining? i your old home new.... with Upson Board! Upson Board comes in big strong panels ... so light one man can put it up, even on ceilings. Then paint, apply the: decorative woo trim—and your room is finished. No muss, no water, little delay. Upson Fasteners (patented) make — Upson Board the one board with no ugly nail marks. Re-cover cracked ceilings Why be embarrassed by a cracked, ugly living room ceiling? _ Put big panels of Upson Board right over the old plaster. Finish in a beamed or paneled effect to harmonize with the furnishings (mail the coupon for POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY at ? Does The striking living room above shows the charm of Upson Board paneling for the finest of interiors. helpful blue print) and your room is permanently beautified. Upson Board ceilings can never crack or fall—and properly ap- plied, should never warp or bulge. Snow-white bath or kitchen Upson Fibre-Tile (Upson Board with permanent tile-like inden- tations on panel surfaces) will quickly build in a gleaming-white bathroom or kitchen—and at 1/10th the cost of “porcelain tile.” Comes in big room-length panels that go right over plaster or old wainscotings. Enamel, and you have a waterproofed, wash- able surface of lasting charm. Three to seven more rooms Make your attic and cellar use- ful, too. Buildin maid’sroom, extra sleeping roomsor bath, fruit closet, workroom, useful laundry. MAIL THIS COUPON UPSON for walls..ceilings |» ADDRESS .. The Upson Company 227 Upson Pt., Lockport, N. Y. Enclosed find 10c for samples, literature, UESaN and full-size blue prir+ for (kind of room) 0 AME... © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. At the same time the Upson Board lining will insulate your house—make it warmer in winter, cooler in summer—reduce your fuel bill 20% to 30%. Get the facts today Try Upson Board for just one ceiling. Then you'll want it all through the house. Genuine blue-center Upson Board is different from anything you have ever seen. Tests prove it from 40% to 150% stronger than ordinary boards—an excel- lent insulator—the equal of 11 thicknesses of building paper. Dozensof letters in our files prove it resists fire, moisture, even ordi- nary leaks. Ask your lumber dealer. Or we invite you to mail the coupon below forsamples, literature, help- ful detail-blue print. BOARD partitions .. insulation

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ATKINS SILVER Wi col; y POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Cross-Cut Saws Cut Faster— Last Longer HEN one man uses a cross-cut saw he must have the easier, faster cutting the Hl] ATKINS saw insures. | He knows what it means to have the saw hold its edge longer. “Silver Steel’’ is the ‘iid best material for saws. It is tempered and ground to cut faster and last fiii:| longer. -The ATKINS name on the blade of any saw means time, money and labor saving. It pays to use better tools. Ask for these free ATKINS ‘4 Saw Booklets— **Saws in the Home’”’ or **“CROSS-CUT SAWS’’ Established 1857 Leading Manufacturers of Highest Grade Saws for Every Use; Saw Tools, Saw Specialties, Plastering, Trowels, and Ma- chine Knives | 428 So. Illinois St. i, ATKIN INDIANAPOLIS, U.S.A. Mnshetinedes i 2iloOnne Workshow Dividends in Home Building (Continued from page 67) cleaned but also will not be damaged by even the hottest cooking dishes. The problem of preserving perishable food for the current needs of the house- hold can be solved in part and its cost lowered by building a cold closet over the refrigerator or in another location con- venient to the kitchen. The illustrations show more clearly than words just how the closet and venti- lating shutter are arranged. The door over the ventilator may be closed during extremely bitter weather, as enough cold air leaks in around the edges to keep the interior of the closet just above freezing. The closet itself should be made as tight as possible and the door carefully fitted to prevent the leaking of cold air into the room in which the closet is built. A fine copper screen is tacked over the outside of the shutter to keep out dust and insects. With such a ventilated closet, considerable ice is saved during the spring and fall months, while during the hotter periods additional storage space for nonperishables is available. By all means include a cold closet. In the dining room the cabinetmaker can get in some of his most careful work by building one of the convenient corner china closets of semi-Colonial design. The work on this feature, however, can be done at leisure after the kitchen has been taken care of. It is not necessary to make any special The nearly completed fan motif for the mantel front. The blades are separate pieces previous provision for this closet as it can be built up right over the plastered and papered wall. Wood cleats are attached with screws directly over the wall paper and a false wall built up of %-in. planed lumber. A full length doorway of stand. ard height is cased in with the same de. sign of trim used throughout the house and wall paper, which has been saved for the purpose, is hung carefully around it. The upper glazed door is difficult to make on account of the curved glazing required, but this type of door is a stand. ard part with millwork houses and can be bought at a fairly reasonable price. The lower door, however, is entirely of wood and makes an interesting job of cabinet- work for the amateur on account of the triangular panels. If the woodwork is stained mahogany to match the dining room furniture, the corner china closet makes a very (Continued on page 85) The ventilator for the cold closet is | shown in the circle at the left; the closet itself, is illustrated directly below it At the right is the corner china closet, built in after the house was completed Linen closet in bedroom (at left) with con- cealed chute for conveying soiled clothes instantly to the laundry © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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19m suscwnny, 1927 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 85 — Bie nkoune Workshop | | Dividends in Building | (Continued from page 84) Sa decorative as well as a useful addition to the roo m. Rather helpful accessory is the laun- dry chute. Ordinarily this chute is locat- ed near a stairway or chimney so that it can be concealed for its full length clear to the cellar. As the cellar is a rather de- pressing place at best, it was decided that this house should have a laundry on the und floor in a back room adjoining the kitchen. This gave the handyman another opportunity to ply his art. As the laundry is under one of the chambers, a 14 by 16 in. hole for the’chute was left in the floor in one corner of the room and a closet built over it as shown in an illustration at the bottom of page 84. nai The fireplace is frequently referred to as the heart of the home, and it is at least one of the most prominent of the e | ‘AACE Hickory es Any wood Walnut seems soft to a Ash “YANKEE” Push Drill | EVEN in the hardest wood, the action of “Yankee” Automatic Push Drills is unusually smooth and easy. With only the slightest push, the point quickly bites its way inward. “Yankee” ingenious design and “Yankee” superior construction reduce time and labor to a minimum. Drill point revolves backward in upward move- ment of handle to clear chips. No. 41 (illustrated). No. 44 has spring for regu- lating pressure according to nature of wood, size of drills, etc. Some Other ‘‘Yankee’”’ Tools — One of two permanent kitchen cabinets which were built on each side of the sink decorative features. It should, therefore, be given careful consideration by the designer. The chimney, being placed near the center of the house to save building two chimneys and also to keep all the heat in- side of the house, necessarily caused the fireplace to be built out into the living z : Ratchet Screw-drivers Automatic Feed Bench Drills room. This afforded an opportunity to do Ratchet Breast and Hand Drills Ratchet Tap Wrenches Ratchet Bit Braces Vises, Removable Base some paneling in addition to designing ; and building the mantel itself. Write for Free “Yankee’”’ Tool Book Thefront part of the mantel, exclusive of a This interesting little book is for all lovers of fine tools. It tells the shelf is made as a unit. The design Fight dril] just what you want to know about all the famous “ Yankee” Tools ; i ee yoints 1-16 to for making work easier and quicker. was worked out by the use of nothing | P26? “inch ie . . “é 99 more than common molding, which can | handle. And Dealers Everywhere Sell ‘‘Yankee’’ Tools be found at any woodworking shop. The | 6¥°'%°"¢°f «yankee” on the tool you buy means the fan _— ad carved, - its — gives the utmost in quality, efficiency and durability. ance would at first suggest, but was made | | .;° ‘ j “1, Ee | et in by whittling, filing and sandpapering the inane Sept, Nortu Bros. Mre. Co., Philadelphia, U.S.A. = separate blades of the “fan” and gluing 66 oe e for them to a flat panel, which was later soiled mounted in the center of the mantel. The — photograph of the partly completed motif shows just how this was done. >. As the woodwork (Continued on page 99) Wake Beller mechancs © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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Make big money from repair work Practically every household spends at least $10.00 to $50.00 cae » each year and many ®@ spend several times that much on simple repairs that can be made quickly, eastly and well with Smooth-On No. By keeping a can of Smooth-On handy, you can save this money in your own home—and by doing similar repair work for others, you can make money. No skill is required to make re- pairs, and the amount of Smooth-On used on any one job seldom costs _ more than a few cents. Typical repairs that can be made perfectly with Smooth-On:— Stopping leaks in steam, water gas, oil or stove pipes, mending cracks, breaks or leaks in furnaces and boilers, radiators, tanks, sinks, pots Leak at radiator joint and pails, making = *gopped with loose handles tight on umbrellas, knives, hammers, brushes, drawers, etc., tightening loose screws, hooks, locks, door knobs, etc. On the Automobile:-—Making bursted water jackets and pumps good as new, stopping leaks in radiator, hose connections, gas tank and gas, oil and exhaust lines, mak- ing a fume-proof joint between exhaust pipe and tonneau heater, tightening loose head- light posts, keeping grease cups, hub caps, and nuts from loosening and falling off, etc. To get perfect re- sults, write to us for and use the Smooth-On Re- pair Book. Free if you return the coupon. Band” SMOOTH-ON Band for forcin SmoorH-ON into leak Get Smooth-On No. 1 in 7 oz., 1-lb. or 5-lb. tins at any hardware store or if necessary direct from us. Smooth-On Mfg.Co. Dept. 58, 574 Communipaw Ave. JERSEY CITY, N. J. Write for FREE BOOK SMOOTH-ON MFG. CO., Dept. 58, 574 Communipaw Ave., Soreay: City, N. J. Please send the free Smooth-On Repair Book. Terre eeer eer ere TT eee eer Pee eee eee eee eee eee Return this coupon for a FREE copy of Booklet POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY By Wituiam W. KLenke Instructor in Woodworking, Central Manual Training High School, Newark, N. J. HE sun was shining over the freshly fallen snow on Lincoln’s Birthday and the air was crisp and cold as Frank made his way through the cleared path in my garden. He joined me at the hotbed in the rear of the yard. “Well, Frank,” I said, “‘it feels fine to be out here. Just think of it, snow all around, the ground all hard with frost, and yet we shall start our garden today.” “It really seems impossible,” Frank returned. “You see, in order to get early veg- etables and flowers,” I explained, “the seeds must be sown in February and March in this locality. Early last fall I dug out a hole three feet deep, and several days ago had a man fill it with fresh horse manure containing plenty of straw. I STRAP- TRON BRACE — LZ TI TI i The front, back and ends of the hotbed { frame are made as separate units and fastened together with six carriage bolts at the corners. The sash, which are 3 by 6 ft., can be purchased ready made = TOP VEW . SASH 3-0°x 6-0" —GLASS GROOVE __—_ 6-O-— , : = po Now is the time to begin build. ing a hotbed frame for starting early vegetables and flowers. When the nights are bitter, straw mats, one of which is shown, at the left, are used to cover the glass packed the manure down solidly, piled some around my frame, put in about four inches of good, rich sifted soil, put on my sash, covered the outside over with straw mats and let things heat up.’ Row after row of tiny seeds were planted and Frank watched eagerly from day to day until the seedlings pushed their way through the soil. Finally he asked if he couldn’t build a hotbed. I assured him that he could. Indeed, any handy man or boy can make a hotbed of the type (Continued on page 87) em) ee |... END VIEW a me ot om oi Cy “ee tee © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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ime ild. ame arly ind the © of wn, lass Te Febr uary; 1927 a Fome Workshop | A Hotbed Frame (Continued from page 86) shown, which has the advantage that it can be taken apart and stored away com- pactly in the cellar after it has served its usefulness in the winter and early spring. If the hotbed is to remain in place per- manently, the same design can be fol- lowed, but the construction can be made still simpler. And, of course, the work of making the sash can be avoided by purchasing stock hotbed sash, which can be had for between $3 and $4 each. To aid Frank in making his hotbed, I gave him the drawings similar to those reproduced at the bottom of page 86. L advised him to figure on a little clear- ance to allow the sash to slide easily. First he got the 3 by 3 in. posts ready and cut open mortises in the upper ends of six of them to receive the cross rails. The front, back and sides were boarded in with % by 10 in. common tongue-and-groove pine. A 1 by 2 in. cleat was nailed out- side each corner on front and back. RANK set the frame together and pinned the slip mortise-and-tenon joints where cross rails join posts. “Now bore holes and insert the six car- riage bolts,” I told him. “You see, by using this method of corner construction, it is possible in five minutes to set the frame up or take it down.” For the sash, we selected a few pieces of clear Michigan white pine, and Frank dressed all the stock to size with a jointer plane. The stiles (long side members), and the upper rails were made 134 by 3 in.; the bottom rails, 14% by 4 in.; the sash bars, 134 by 1) in. When the stock was ready, Frank laid out the mortises and tenons. I called his attention to the peculiar construction of the bottom rail, which in a hotbed sash is thinner than the stiles and is kept flush with the underside, so that the glass can overlap it. The end tenons on the bottom rail, therefore, do not have to be centered; they are flush with the top sur- face and have shoulders on two sides only. This became clear to him as soon as the parts were laid in position for marking. HE glass rabbets were planed with a plow or rabbet plane, and a groove instead of a rabbet was plowed in the top rail so that the glass could be slid up into place. Provision was made in this way to use 10x12-in. stock glass without cutting or waste. When the parts were ready, they were fastened with casein (waterproof) glue and pins were driven through the mortises in all corners. “Be sure to soak the sash in linseed oil before glazing,” I warned Frank. ‘“Then put a thin layer of putty in the rabbets and lay the glass on like shingles. Start at the bottom and overlap about a quarter inch, Use two hotbed sash staples to each sheet; then putty the outside.” The final step was to make frameworks of rough 1 by 2 in. strips and % by 14 in. lattice strips for holding rye straw like the one illustrated on page 86. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Accept 10 Days? Proof - Let us prove that the claims millions of men make for this unique shaving cream are justified GENTLEMEN: world’s leading toilet soap, are Pullman car arguments never embraced in this creation. have yet proved a point. 5 new factors That’s why we make no claims 1. Multiplies itself in lather 250 for Palmolive Shaving Cream times. other than the fact that millions 2. Softens the beard in one min- of men, once wedded to rival prep- ute. arations, have shifted to this new 3. Maintains its creamy fullness creation. for 10 minutes on the face. Hence—that it is worth a trial. 4- Strong bubbles hold the hairs So we send 10-day tubes for that erect for cutting. purpose. Will you accept one asa 5- Fine after-effects due to palm courtesy to us? and olive oil content. 60 years of soap study stand be- hind Palmolive Shaving Cream. 130 formulas were developed and discarded before we found the right one. All our experience as the makers of Palmolive Soap, the Just send coupon Your present method may suit you well. But still there may be a better one. This test may mean much to you in comfort. Send the coupon before you forget. © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. THE PALMOLIVE COMPANY (Del.Corp.), CHICAGO, ILL. miei |_ 10 SHAVES FREE and a can of Palmolive After Shaving Talc Simply insert your name and address and mail to Dept. B-1277. The Palmolive Company (Del. Corp.), 3702 Iron Street. Chicago, Hl. ne Residents of Wisconsin should address The Palmolive Company (Wis. Corp.), Milwaukee, Wis. I To add the final touch to shaving luxury, we have created Palmolive After Shaving Talc—especially for men. Doesn't show. Leaves the skin smooth and’ fresh, and gives that well- groomed look. Try the sample we are sending free with the tube of Shaving Cream. There are new delights here for every man """" CPlease print your name andgaddress) who shaves. Please let us prove them to you. Clip coupon now. a

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adio Set Get Your Money's Worth of Local and Distant Programs Use a Beldenamel STANCE! That is the real test of your new set. Butdon’t forget that you can- not get the finest results un- less you have a good aerial. Many good sets are perma- ame crippled because set owners mistakenly believe that corroded, soot-covered aerials are “good enough.” A corroded aerial reduces the volume and distance of even the finest radio set. That is why a Beldenamel Aerial should always be used. Each strand of a Beldenamel Aerial is coated with weather- proof, fume-proof baked enamel. Even after years of service, a Beldenamel Aerial is still as good as new. It cannot corrode. It always assures maximum distance and greatest volume. Belden Manufacturing Co. 2304A S. Western Ave., Chicago, Ill. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY And It Vastly Improves Homemade Furniture — Three Examples By Herman Hyjortu Instructor, Architectural Laboratory, Saunders Trades School, Yonkers, N.Y. by the amateur craftsman as a difficult process. This is because he has never seen how. inlaying is done and, therefore, does not realize how comparatively simple and easy the process really is. While inlaying is quite easy to do, it is a process that does not lend itself readily to machine production. Inlaid pieces of furniture command a good price by virtue of the handwork lavished upon them, while the painted imitations and plain pieces sell for very much less. The home woodworker, who is inter- ested and ambitious enough to experiment a little with inlaying, will be amply repaid for his trouble through the satisfaction he will experience in being able to make furniture not only of greater beauty and distinction, but also of greater intrinsic value—a value that can be measured directly in dollars and cents. Inlay in general is made in two forms, lines or bands of varying widths and pat- terns, and inserts of a multitude of shapes and designs. This material is made by specialists. The lines are in pieces one yard long and vary in price from less than a cent to about twelve cents a yard. The inserts are sold by the piece; those described in this article cost from 50 cents or less to $1 each. When lines are to be inlaid, a groove px = | saa | l T LAYING is often regarded SERVING TRAY. ¥y, INSERTS Fig. 2. Tray with border line and corner end center inserts; note alternative corners INLAYING Is Hasy to Do Fig. 1. Cutting grooves with a modified gage must first be cut in the wood of exactly the same width as the line and of a depth about equal to the thickness of the line. The tool for cutting such a groove (Fig, 1) can easily be made of an old hack saw blade or similar piece of thin steel. It is ground down on an emery wheel to approximately the right width, after which it is sharpened on one side only like a chisel. The more carefully this sharpening is done the better it will cut. The spur is removed from an ordinary marking gage and this piece of steel inserted in its place (Fig. 4). A groove is then cut with this tool, and if it is too wide the cutter is ground down. For the best results the groove should be so narrow that the inlay must be forced gently in place. This tool will cut grooves across the grain, but corners and awk- ward places generally must be cut and cleaned up with a pocketknife and a Y-in. chisel (sometimes ground down to l6in., depending (Continued on page 89) page ve t ey Li TTD =" DOWEL JOINT YW HU is ZZIIA_\i. | £ }-__. 2 "_-+l. 543 = SECTION THROUGH FRAME 2 INLAY=4 INSERT of [e2’err— ae aa) * Fig. 3. A mirror of rare charm with inlaid lines, decorative inserts, and two rosettes © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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BACKING 3)

laid ttes

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

fie Home Worlsshop, Inlaying Is Easy (Continued from page 88) on the width of the inlay). It is recom- mended to make a cutter for the plain satin lines, % in. wide. For wider lines, two or more cuts can be made with this cutter until the desired width is obtained. When the grooves have all been cut and the corners cleaned, the lines are cut to length and mitered _ in the corners. Thin glue is then run into the grooves and the inlay forced in place with the aid of a hammer. ‘The surplus glue should be wiped off with hot water and the inlaid piece allowed to dry overnight. If an insert is to be used in the center, as on the serving tray (Fig. 2), it may be glued in place at the same time. re Inserts sold by vv grooves made from manufacturers of common marking gage marquetry are al- ways glued to a piece of brown wrapping paper and set in a piece of mahogany veneer. ‘This sur- plus veneer around the edges is first cut away with a knife. The insert is then placed face down in the exact center of the tray, and a fine line marked around it with a sharp pencil. Draw perpendicu- lar center lines both on the tray and the insert. If the insert is of an oval or cir- cular shape, the outline is cut down with a sharp penknife, after which the wood in the center is cut away with a router plane. Set the plane to cut only a thin shaving at a time until the desired depth (equal to the thickness of the insert) has been reached. If the work has been care- fully done, the insert should fit in the recess that has (Continued on page 96)

Bill of Materials

No.Pcs.T. W. L. Part cea Serving Tray I 3% 10 18 Bottom 2 3g I 17%4 Sides 2 4% 1% 10 Ends 2 yds. Inlay | I Center insert 4 Corner inserts Mirror Frame e << 2% 25% °# Sides r 314 10% #£xTop oF 4% 10% Bottom I % 4% 16 Top I 134 17 Bottom I K% 1% 19 Molding I 3 12 19 Backing 2 is 1% Rosettes (turned) 2 Inserts 5 yds. Inlay I ly «11% 18% ~ Plate glass Tea Table "Yee 624 1% 30% Frame 2 1% 14 £4 x I% 1% 18% i A. 2% 5 8% “ r 3% 29 Lower brace a 2 29 Upper ‘“ I % 18 24 Tray I % % 678 Molding 2 yds. Inlay I Insert 2 34 1% ~~ Hinges I Catch All dimensions are in inches except where Otherwise specified. oa

This Year—For your screens use Jersey Copper ...and keep them up for years and years HAVE your screens ready early—start to repair them now or make new ones, Save future expense—from im- proper work. Especially, avoid the most costly mistake of all— thatof usingan inferior screening, such as painted or metal-coated steel, or so-called “bronze”. Pay a little more, and use Jersey Copper in your screens—then they will always be ready. Keep them up both winter and summer—if you like. Winter’s ravages will not harm them. Be- cause of Jersey’s durability, you can count on them for years and years of service. Think of this saving in time, labor and money. Jersey Copper Insect Screen Cloth alone is made of Roebling Copper Wire. And the special Roebling process produces an unusually strong and stiff wire. Jersey Copper is durable — be- cause Jersey is 99.88% pure copper. Practically everlasting! _Jers ey (Opper Don’t confuse copper with so- called “bronze”—a mixture of zinc with copper—naturally lack- ing the weather resistance of pure copper. : Jersey Copper is recognized for its superiority, from every stand- point, over all other metals or combination of metals used in screening buildings. Only Jersey Copper is lasting protection for your home. Examine Jersey Copper in the roll—at your hardware dealer’s. Look for JERSEY Tag on end of roll. Specify 16 mesh (recom- mended by U.S. Public Health Service). Order dark finish — nearly invisible; stays that way. Write for free booklet which explains how to save money by avoiding mistakes when you screen your house. The New Jersey Wire Cloth Company, 650 South Broad St., Trenton, N. J. All Grades of Wire Cloth Made of All Kinds of Wire INSECT SCREEN CLOTH MADE OF ROEBLING COPPER WIRE-—99.88% © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. PURE

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Ask your dealer to show you the best hammer The next time you’re at the hardware store ask the man at the tool counter to show you the best hammer he has in . stock. Nine chances out of ten he’ll hand you a Maydole. “Experienced hardware men know that no other hammer is built like a Maydole. The head is press-forged of se- lected tool steel. And the han- dle is of clear, second-growth hickory, air-dried for years and put on ‘‘for keeps.” . Maydole Hammers easily outdrive and outpull ordina- ry hammers. And they’ve a “hang” that you’ve got to feel to believe, it’s so perfect. Ask your dealer, and write us for interesting and useful Pocket Handbook 23 “B.”’ w aS ‘YOUR HAMMER SINCE 1843 \ ay, Maydole Hammers The David Maydole Hammer Co.,Norwich NY 292 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

‘Old Ironsides”’ in

Miniature (Continued from page 69)

A Mizzenmast 7x74 B Mainmast.. 4x8; C Foremast... 3x74 D Mizzen top- mast..... x54 E Main top- mast...... 3 x634 F Fore top- ee #7x554 G Mizzen top- gallant mast..... x43 H Main _top- gallant re #;x5% I Fore top- gallant mast..... ¥x55% J Mizzen Sky- sail mast. 3;x3% K Main Skysail :, mast..... #; x4% ee 3y x4 (outboard) 4x4%% N Jib boom... 7x44 O aly oe jib oom.... 7x64 P Spanker boom.... #x5% Q Spanker gaff #x4% R Mizzenyard. #;x7% S Mainyard.. ;x9% T Foreyard... 3x8 U Mizzen top- sail yard.. 7;x434 V Main top- sail yard.. #;x7% W Fore topsail yard... $y x634 Fig. 3. The Spar Plan X Mizzen tep- gallant yard..... x3 Y Main top- gallant WOId...-s— Doi off U

Fig. 5. Guns, martingale booms, fife rails and channels. All but the latter are full size

© This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

ee Se

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NT. °K) id id gate _ the cked tead nay, hich m a they e 91) \LE -— ) ils POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY (Continued from page 90) FULLSIZE y o AY ws SKYLIGHT (ONE) Fig. 6. The hatches and skylights; capstan, steering wheel and anchors, all actual size covers on (Fig. 7) but they also can be hollowed and given thwarts and other gear. They stand on chocks, which fit their undersides; to these they should be lashed. The capstan (Fig. 6) is a piece of pine, round, with holes in the top edge for the capstan bars; these also may be made and shipped (inserted in the holes). There should be eight, evenly spaced and about 5% in. long. The. real capstan is an elaborately built-up affair.j The anchors (Fig. 6) may be cast in bronze or white metal or cut and ham- mered from a piece of lead. The shank should be 1% in. long and the stock a bit shorter. The latter is shaped in wood, then split in two, the two halves being glued round the shank and bound with thin thread. The anchor will be rusty black and the stock the same or dark brown. The cables will be pieces of chain, with simple links, of which there should be about eight to the inch. That completes the fittings. The guns, steering gear, boats and anchors should not be put in position until the last be- cause they (Continued on page 92) % SIZE | CHOCKS (TWO) (TT Ts wood and appear as if covered with canvas Fig. 7. The boats are whittled from soft © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6 % i Ar Sheetrock is¥ inch thick 32 or 48 inches wide and 6 to 10 ft. long. - E ed Repair, and be sure with Sheetrock The original gypsum wallboard—Tested by Time-—Sheetrock contains not merely one quality of good wallboard, but all the qualities you want. ‘|| FIREPROOF .. . INSULATING . . . VERMINPROOF ROCK-STRONG ...CAPABLE OF ANY DECORATION EASY TO SAW, NAIL AND ERECT ... MAKES PERMANENT WALLS AND CEILINGS AT LOW COST The exclusive US G reinforced joint system provides flat, un- broken surfaces of Sheetrock that take any decoration perfectly —wallpaper, or Textone, the plastic paint for tone and texture. Your local dealer sells Sheetrock. Look for the USG Sheetrock label on every sheet—made only by the United States Gypsum Company. Sheetrock is inspected and approved as an effective barrier to fire by the Underwriters’ Laboratories, Inc. UNITED STATES GYPSUM COMPANY General Offices: Dept. 48, 205 West Monroe Street, Chicago, Illinois Reg. U. S. Pat. Off. SHEETROCK FIREPROOF...INSULATING Made by the United States Gypsum Company (SSSR RRSSRSSRSSSSSSSERESSSSESSESSSRRSSSSSSESRSSESSSSSSSSSSESeeseeseeeaaeaaae UNITED STATES GYPSUM COMPANY Dept. 48, 205 West Monroe Street, Chicago, Illinois Send me free booklet, “Sheetrock Walls.” 5S SR ae Re eae e ee ats oars)

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY sige ~ saw. Q age x pe Ne t - . i} I Sg sa a eS FAL ay ATMS Y Ir 1s impossible for a rail- road train or a ship to call at the doorsteps of its passengers when they wish to take a journey. To take even a trolley or bus ride, one must go to some definite point where the conveyance stops. On the other hand, the telephone goes all the way to meet the public’s convenience. Each telephone call may be compared to a taxicab, whose destination is controlled by the subscriber. The telephone com- per extends its wires to the omes and offices of those who desire service, placing its tele- hones within immediate reach. he call is made at the time, from the point, and to the place Service All the Way An Advertisement of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company that the subscriber de- sires. He speaks to the person he wants—wher- ever he may be. At the disposal of each tele- hone subscriber are the talk- ing channels of the entire Bell System. He may make a call a few or thousands of miles, and he may extend his voice to any point, to any person who has a telephone. This is the essence of com- munication.. Because of it, the number of telephones has in- creased in the last five years three times as fast as popula- tion. Because of it, the Bell System carries ‘more than twenty billion messages in the course of a year. Make More Money Read the Money Making Opportunities on pages 128 to 159 of this issue. cost. Send 10c now for Boice’s new 64-page boo! 14” Band - Saw ; Table 12° x 14° tie tilts 45 deg. ™ Saws 7” stock. B Uses blades 34.” ™ * to. %" wide. Does turning, 4. Bronze Bearings. sawing, ; sawing sanding, in w Swings 8’. centers. to light socket. W.B. & J. E. BOICE 8” Bench Lathe wo threading. grinding and jig Capacity 19” between All Boice Machines driven by % to Y2 H.P. motor attached It’s Easy to Build Things! You can perform most any woodworking operation on Boice-Crane Bench Machines easily, speedily and at low klet containing helpful information and describing Boice-Bbench circular saws, band saws, jig saws, jointers, lathes, drills, mortisers and positive money-back guarantee. Junior Saw Does ripping, mitering, grooving, sanding, grinding and drilling with ease and accuracy. Table 10°x13’. Saws 2%" stock. Dadoes %&°x%%". Makes moulding. Sold with or with- out motor. or soft metals. Dept. P. S. 2-C Toledo, Ohio © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF Si1ANDARDS. See page 6. | Ze lone WorlsSen “OLD [RONSIDES” (Continued from page 91) would be in the way of the riggi If the masts are now dry, bore holes jy the decks to take them at the Positions indicated on the deck plan in the Jany. ary issue and on Blueprint No. 57, masts will slope aft at an angle of § de grees from the perpendicular. The main. mast should rake a little more than the fore, and the mizzen should rake slightly more than the main. The bowsprit may also be shipped; jt slopes upward at an angle of about 39 degrees from the water line. The gammoning, which had better be passed at once to hold the bowsprit, is a thin, strong cord threaded about four times through the hole in the cutwater and carried round the bowsprit. It is then frapped (bound) together and knotted (Fig. 2). Get this tight. Next month the rigging and_ finishing will be described. Meanwhile, if you are not conversant with the names of the parts of a ship and her rigging, hunt up a plan which gives these; they may be found in dictionaries, encyclopedias, and many books on ships. Rubber Faced Sandpaper Block for Heavy Work OR heavy work the sandpaper block illustrated is particularly practical. To make one, rip a piece 3 in. wide and 63 in, long from a common two by four. The top of the block is cut back 34 in. from each end to a depth of 1% in., and two notches are made as indicated to receive ~ 3 STRIPS OF RUBBER CUT FROM OLD INNER TUBE The block is 134 by 3 by 634 in. and takes sandpaper torn in strips 3 in. wide wedges. The lower face of the block is covered with three strips of rubber from an old inner tube, which are bent around the shoulders and tacked from above. The sandpaper is cut into strips $ in wide without waste. A strip is fastened with a wedge at one end, carried around the block and then fastened with a second wedge. It takes but an instant to change the paper.—Wi.u1am C. Harwoop. As A manual training instructor, I have been asked frequently to restore to use fulness dull pencil sharpeners of the rotary type. After trying different ways of sharpening them, I found this to be the best: Take the sharpener apart and slip a piece of stiff wire through the hole the cutter. Hold the cutter up to an emery wheel so that the steel can revolve freely while it is being sharpened. this way a pencil sharpener can be made to cut like new.—M. J. Hertt. ; — Jin

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oe D1 les itions Janu. The 5 de. n the ightly ed; it ut 30 e times r and - then 1Otted ishing UL are of the hunt y may edias, per block al. To 5 34 in. . The , from d two eceive ock is r from round ve. s 3 in. stened vround second shange [ have O USE rotary iys of be the ad slip 1ole in| to an evolve d. In . made ——— fe nome Worlkshop | Profitable Projects for Your Winter Evenings HAT is more fun on winter eve- nings than to build something worth while—a piece of furniture, a ship model, a radio set or toys? It is at once enter- tainment and profit. Whatever time you spend at your bench is paid for in the value of the finished article. But you may ask, “What shall I make?” Just look over the list of our blueprints below and make your own choice. Complete List of Blueprints NY ONE of the blueprints listed below can be obtained from PopuLtaR ScieNcE Montuty for 25 cents. The corresponding back issue of the magazine, in which the project was described in detail, can be had for 25 cents additional so long as copies are available. The Editor will be glad | to answer any specific questions rela- tive to tools, material, or equipment. | PopuLaR SCIENCE MontHLY 250 Fourth Avenue, New York GENTLEMEN: Send me the blueprint, or blue- prints, I have underlined below, for Rn 0 MIR, 5 go ese cec can cents: Described No. Title inIssuesof Price | 1. Sewing Table Feb., ’22 25c | . Smoking Cabinet Mar., ’22 25c . End Table Ape., °22 25c¢ . Kitchen Cabinet May, ’22 25c 2 : 8. Shaving Cabinet June, ’22 25c 9. 10 . Arbor, Gate and Seats July, °’22 25c . Porch Swing Aug., °22 25c 11. Bench and Tilt Table Sept., ’°22 25c 12. Electric Washer Gct., °22 25c¢ 13. Tea Wagon Nov., ’22 25c 14. Christmas Toys Dec., °22 25c 15. Workshop Bench jJan., °23 2Sc¢ 16. Inlaid Radio Cabinet Feb., °23 25c 17. Cedar Chest Mar., ’23 25¢ 18. Phone Table and Stool Mrar., ’23 25c 19. Grandfather’s Clock Apr., °’23 25c 20. Flat Top Desk Apr., ’23 25c 21. Colonial Desk Apr., °23 - 25c 22. Cabinet and Desk Aor., °23 25c 23. Pergola Garage yaay, “23 25c 24. Gateleg Table June, ’23 25c 25. Canoe Sailing Outfit July, ’23 25c 26. Baby’s Crib and Pen Sept., ’23 25c 27. Kitchen-Cabinet Table Oct., ’23 25c 28. Pullman Play Table Nov., °*23 25c 29. Toy Tea Cart, etc. Dec., °23 25c¢ 30. Tool Cabinet, etc. Jan., ’24 25c 31. Sewing Cabinets Feb., °’24 25c 32. Chinese Game Table Mar., ’24 25c 33. Dining Alcove Apr., ’24 25c 34. Garden Trellises May, ’24 25c 35. Simple Radio Cabinet Gct., °24 25c 36. Rush-Bottom Chair Nov., ’24 25c 37. Simplified Bookcase Dec., ’24 25c 38. Sheraton Table Jan., “26 . 28c¢ 39. Salem Chest Bep., °25 25¢ 40. Desk in Sheraton Style Mar., ’25 25c 41. One-Tube Radio Set May, ’25 25c 42. Three-Stage Amplifier June, °25 25c 43. Four-Tube Receiver July, ’25 25c 44. Pirate Ship Model—Hull Feb., °26 25c 45. Pirate Ship—Details Mar., ’26 25c 46. Galleon Model—Hull May, °26 25c 47. Galleon Model—Details June, ’26 25c 48. Sailing Yacht Model july, °’26 25c 49. Broom Cabinet Aug., ’26 25c 50. Airplane Model (Flying) Sept., Si. Clipper Ship Model—Hull Oct., 26 25c 52. Clipper Model—Details Oct., ’26 25c 53. Clipper Model—Rigging Nov., ’26 25c 54. Five-Tube Radio Set Oct., 55. Five-Tube Set—Details Oct., ’26 25¢ 56. Bird and Animal Toys Dec., 57. Constitution Model—Hull Jan., °’27 25c 58. Constitution—Rigging Feb., ’27 25c 59. Constitution—Rigging Feb., ’27 25c POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY $2,000 a year extra with CORONA ITH no special training as a writer, thisman is making $2000 a year extra income in his spare time, writing articles and stories with Corona. Many people have this talent for writing. Few ever develop it. Nearly all successful writers own Co- ronas. They tell us that Corona makes writing easy — that it actually helps them think more clearly, write more vividly. Corona can be carried anywhere, yet it will do the heaviest kind of work. Its amazing durability has been proved by the experience of nearly a million users. . Let Corona help you develop your earn- ing capacity. Mail the coupon now. That’ s the first step. Our free instruction book for writers will show you just how to be gin. The coupon will bring you this useful book without charge or obligation. LCSmith & Corona Typewriters Inc Sales offices in principal cities of the world Established 1903 Also manufacturers of the L C Smith Typewriter, the ball-bearing office machine This valuable book is free if you mail the coupon at once, LC Smith & Corona Typewriters In 213 E. Washington St., Syracuse, N.Y. Without obligation please send me a free copy of The Writer’s Guide — and complete information about Corona. 93 You can own this latest model Corona It’s the finest Corona ever built — made by the world’s pioneer manufacturers of portable type- writers. A sturdy, dependable writing machine with full width (ten inch) carriage, twelve yard, two color, self-reversing ribbon, variable line spacer, everything you expect in an office machine. Yet it is com- pact, portable, easy to carry with you wherever you go. Standard Keyboard Corona has the four-row standard keyboard used in all offices and taught in business schools. If you are accustomed to using a large machine, you will be at home on Corona. If you have never used a typewriter before, you’ ll find that it is easy to learn with Corona. Buy a Corona on easy terms A small deposit puts Corona in your home and then you can pay on easy, monthly terms just like rent. Your Corona dealer will gladly accept a used typewriter, any standard make, as part pay- ment. You need not wait another day. Just look up Corona in your phone book and the dealer will send you one for free examination. Do you own a typewriter? PU NGRR ee ee What make? Would you like to know its trade-in value? ......... © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY © Whats power for A is power for B’ —provided, of course, that you use a == — Rectigon. That’s the one best way to keep both “A” and “B” batteries in topnotch form. There’s no starving of batteries when you have this home charger to keep them full of pep. And, man alive, the unsuspected power your set shows then! Re- member, too, that the bulb used for “B”’ battery charging is enclosed, like all other parts, in metal, free from harm. And keep in mind that your Rectigon will charge your automobile batteries. so all batteries are kept lively with The Westinghouse Rectigon aa. Battery Charger W No Noise as it Charges —not a bit of fuss. Not even a murmur that would disturb the mildest slumber. No Acids, No Chemicals — No Moving Parts —Nothing to ill or burn. © muss; no worry. You'll . —— aos ¢ ¢ Saves Its Cost in Short rder —Countthe dollars spent in afew trips to the servicesta- tion and you'll hotfoot itfor a Rectigon, for x the good —_ your pocket. bookas well as. your batteries. Snaps On in an Instant —Just pluginto the light sock- et, snap on og terminals. Saves service station bother. Spares inter- ruptions caused by absent batteries. Perfect Safety for Your Set —If you tune in while you re charging there'll be no harm either to set or batteries. Nor will bat- teries be dis- a ed if anything stall e current waite your a BE 8 attached THE RECTIGON i is a superb Westinghouse product. Things you can’t see, like extra heavy insulation, things you can see, like the durably enameled case—all are of highest quality. Westinghouse also manufactures a complete line of radio instruments, and Micarta panels and tubes. WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING CO. Tune in on KDKA - KYW - WBZ - KFKX No Storage Battery Radio is Complete Without a Rectigon ————___ | wée Inlonne Work sien A Walnut Boat H: ALF an English walnut shell forms as the spars for this little ‘ boat. Not only does it make a quaint and decorative nov elty for a dinner favor, but, as it will float in a bowl of water, itis also just the type of toy to delight smal] children. of sandpaper so that a bit of cardboard can be glued or cemented on it to serve as A Motor Boat-forhal? Tells how you can make big money 1B world’s newest and greatest eld. Presents lifetime opportunity in Radio. Right now we want live agents and: dealers in wer locality; up the cost / The Super Elto clamps on any open boat—gives all motor boating pleasures at amaz- ingly small cost. Powerful, speedy, reliable. Light and portable. Write today for intensely interesting catalog! Ihe Su er ensic gaat see eats | nm x *‘Starts Wen a Quarter Turn’”’ and special offers-all free. ‘Write today~ STANDARD RADIO CO. 1404 Walnut St., Kansas City, Mo. *“Comicull” By F. CLrarxe HuGues the hull and a few toothpicks serve “comicull” The half shell is rubbed flat on a piece the deck. Hot beeswax is an excellent FLAG IN SILK WITH TWO COATS OF WHITE ENAMEL =) HALF OF WALNUT WOOD BASE: GREEN FELT This model actually floats. It is one ofa “‘comicull”’ series Mr. Hughes is designing for readers of Poputar Science MOontTHLy cement for this purpose as it is water- proof and easy to apply. It can be used also for fastening the tin keel in a slot cut through the shell and for holding the mast and bowsprit in place. The sail should be thin silk treated with at least two coats of white enamel before it is put in place. Fine white thread is used for the rigging. The flag can be painted on white silk, either with a very small brush or a toothpick. A section cut from a wooden spool will keel and given a coat of antique gold or other suitable color. Give the model two or three thin coats of bright paint, enamel or lacquer. Then launch the little ship and test her sea- worthiness. If carefully made, she should float high and be well balanced. WALLBOARD joints and also small cracks and holes in plaster may be filled with a composition made of flour paste thick- ened with plaster of Paris. This is often used by paper hangers in concealing blemishes, as the paper can be placed over it immediately and it does not shrink noticeably or cause stains to appear. makes the stand when slotted to take the. - -«— eh O._L DD ees ae ee le © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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orms serve cull ” t and avor, itis small piece Ve ag ellent dled |. emma OF UT OARD ~K ROSS ECTION t of a ling HLY water- e used ot cut ig the d with before ead is an be a very ol will ke the ‘old or 1 coats Then Y sea- should cracks with @ thick- ; often -ealing -d over shrink rr. Snow Canoes (Continued from page 78) to form the sides of the forward section, or “bow” of the craft. These latter staves were first nailed securely to the rear sec- tion and then pulled in to meet the block at the bow. Some little adjustment and a fit-and- try procedure were necessary, but by dint of patience, a “Yankee” windlass and some hay wire to hold the forward end of the staves in their final position, the task was accomplished. With a érawknife, Jack trimmed the “ gunwales”’ to a gentle curve from bow to stern. Additional barrel hoop ribs were added and a hole bored through the projecting end of the center stave to take the “painter.” With a picce of burlap for a cushion, the strange craft was ready. “ OU see,” explained Jack, “where there is only a little snow this will run on the center stave as narrow as a skipjack, and when it strikes a deep drift, I figure it will ride out on top. The faster we go, the higher it will ride! If this one works, we'll make another tonight.” The two christened their snow craft a “kayak,” because it looked somewhat like half of an Eskimo’s canoe. Off they went up the road with the kayak slewing in tow, and turned off into the pasture. They sank knee-deep, but the kayak rode lightly. There followed a stiff climb to the top of the ridge. Jack took the initial ride, armed with an 8-ft. pole for steering purposes. Half- way down, in attempting to change his course, he bore down too hard and the sensitive contrivance turned complete'y about, dumping its load down the hillside. Profiting by his chum’s misfortune, Karl allowed the kayak to pick its own course. He streaked down the pathway already made and out on the deeper snow at the foot of the hill, the snow flying from the bow in exhilarating style. But he had not yet learned that he really was riding a craft requiring a canoeman’s sense of balance. He rolled to port, shipped a load of snow and parted com- pany with his craft in the deepest part of the drift, to the amusement of his chum, wuo danced a jig at the top of the ridge. y URTHER experiment proved spills could be avoided by using the pole after the manner of a tight-rope walker, rather than as a steering device. From that point the sport progressed merrily. Needless to say, evening found the boys busy on another kayak. _Snow kayaks can be made in smaller sizes for young children. The photo- ‘| graphic illustration on page 78 shows a small size kayak, built for my son. This one, by reason of its size, has no ribs; the heavy piece of wood amidships is suffi- cient stiffening. The material used for this kayak was a taken from an old pickle barrel, and, being cedar, it is very light. | POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 95 LIFE IS NOT WORTH LIVING — Without Sound Nerves OUR nerves govern your life — your effi- ciency, your happiness, your health. If your nerves are depleted, you cannot con- centrate or think clearly; you have not the “pep” and Spirit to enjoy your pleas- ures and sports; you have not the physical comfort and well-being without which happiness is im- possible. Is life worth living under these condi- tions? No! You merely exist—you are not getting out of life everything that it f has to offer! bos We are living in an age of L SPEED; we are leading a “‘mile-a-minute” life. We crowd two, or even five years of life into a single year! We hurry, we worry, and, often, we dissipate our vital forces through ignorance. We commit these sins because we are living in an age of acute competition, tremendously high cost of living, reckless pleasures—conditions that compel us to strain our nerves to the utmost. Yet, we go on living our lives hard and fast, little realizing that we cannot go on for long, that there must come an end to our stock of Nerve Force, and that Nerve Exhaustion is staring us in the face! Every victim of Nerve Exhaustion, when he is stricken with this terrible malady, firmly believes that he has been stricken suddenly, This is not true. The fact is, that it has been years developing, and that he has had many, many warnings of what was coming—but he did not heed them! Though he passes through years of sub- normal nerve supply, he pays no attention; he believes it quite common—as many mis- led people do—to feel tired and worn out; ° to suffer sleepless nights in periods; to feel discomfort after meals; to feel depressed, irritable, melancholy, and often in a ‘‘mental fog.”” He believes his trouble will solve itself ‘“‘somehow,”’ ‘‘sometime,’’ es- pecially since his physician assures him that there was ‘‘nothing physically wrong,” that all his “‘organs are perfect,” that all he needs is a “rest” and he will be “‘all right.” A little rest helps a littlh—for a while, and then he is right back where he started, leading the same old life. Finally he becomes a bit discouraged, believes that every man must endure ‘‘a few discomforts,” . and keeps going while the going 1s still good. Little does he realize that every day he is undermining his constitution, paving the way to all sorts of physical and mental dis- orders, and going through life only HALF ALIVE! The country is teeming with cases that fit this story like a glove, for we Americans are the most nervous nation under the sun, not barring even the hot-headed Latins. They may be called ‘“‘near-neurasthenics.”’ A near-neurasthenic is but a next-door- neighbor to a full fledged neurasthenic, in the grip of actual, terrible and complete Nerve Exhaustion—Nerve Bankruptcy! There is but one malady more terrible than Nerve Exhaustion, and that is its kin, Insanity. Only those who have passed through a siege of Nerve Exhaustion can understand the true meaning of this statement. It is HELL; no other word can © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. PAUL VON BOECKMANN Author of “Nerve Force’ and various other books on Health, Psychology, Breathing, Hygiene and kindred ects, many of which have been trans- ated into foreign languages. express it. At first the victim is afraid he will die, and as it grips him deeper he is afraid he will not die; so great is his men- tal torture. He becomes panic-stricken and _ irreso- lute. A sickening sensation of weakness and helplessness overcomes him. He becomes obsessed with the thought of self-destruction. _ The symptoms of Nerve Exhaustion vary according to individual characteris- tics, but the development is usually as follows: First stage—lack of energy and endurance; that tired feel- ing. Second stage—nerv- ousness, restlessness, sleep- lessness, irritability, loss of hair, nervous indiges- tion, sour stomach, gas in bowels, constipation, irregular heart, poor memory, lack of mental endurance, dizzi- ness, headache, backache, neuritis, rheu- matism, and other pains. Third stage— serious mental disturbances, fear, undue worry, melancholia, dangerous organic disturbances, suicidal tendencies, and, in extreme cases, insanity. If only a few of the symptoms mentioned apply to you, especially those indicating mental turmoil, you may be sure that your nerves are at fault—that you have exhaust- ed your Nerve Force. Perhaps you have chased from doctor to doctor seeking relief for a mysterious “something the matter with you.” Each doctor tells you that there is nothing the matter with you, that every organ is per- fect. But you know there is something the matter. Your doctor may prescribe a drug—a nerve stimulant or _ sedative. Leave nerve tonics alone. It is like mak- ing a tired horse run by towing him behind an automobile. And don’t be deceived into believing that some magic system of physical exercise can restore the nerves. It may develop your muscle but it does so at the expense of the nerves, as thousands of athletes have learned through bitter experience. I have for more than twenty-five years given courses of instruction in Nerve Culture by mail. Over 100,000 people have learned through me how to care for their nerves and how.to free themselves of the organic and mental disturbances that origi- nate in nerve abuse. Over a million copies of my book ‘“‘Nerve Force” have been read by people with high strung nerves who have learned through my advice how to avoid nerve strain and how to care for their nerves. The cost of the book is only 25 cents (coin or stamps). Address Paul von Boeckmann, Studio 167, 110 West 40th Street, New York City. Order Nerve Force today. It is not a pamphlet advertising my course, but a real book, 64 pages, illustrated. he latest edition of Nerve Force contains important information heretofore im- parted to private pupils only. Nerve Force is on file in many public libraries, and at the Medical National Library at Washington. Thousands owe their recovery from nerve exhaustion to reading this book. Your money refunded if the book is not all you expect. A physician writes as follows: “I am writing you as a Graduate M. D. to say that I have carefully read your excellent book on ‘Nerves.’ It has done me more good already than anything I have seen or tried and I think it easily worth a hundred times what I paid for it. It is impossible to read it without feeling the wonderful Traths it reveals.” A school teacher writes: “I had the opportunity of reading Paul Von Boeckmann's 64 page book ‘Nerve Force.’ I completed it in one reading. One feels at home and undersiands unfathomed ideas concerning nerves, mind, and body. As I was reading, a stranger approached and remarked, ‘That book cured me from what doctors called heart trouble, then stomach trouble, cic. I had nothing of the kind. I am now a well man.’ ” sub-

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% POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY They Challenge Perpetual Motion What “automatic” machine really runs itself? What ma- chine operator can you set working—and have him go on producing at his very best? To expect high production withouta Counteronamachine, is like putting trust in perpetual motion. Better to trust in the “motive power’ of always visible rec- ords—which call for an al- ways creditable showing on COUNTERS This small Rotary Ratchet Counter (No. 6) counts reciprocating movements of the lever, as required for recording the output or op- erations of small ma- sac chines. When io ee the lever is PRAANATT | moved through | avOneyere an angle of 40 to 60 degrees, the counter registers one. The farther the lever is moved, the higher the number registered. A complete revolution of the lever registers ten. This counter can be adapted to no end of counting purposes, by regu- lating the throw of the lever. Price $2.00. (Cut nearly full size.) Small Revolution Counter, also $2.00. The Set-Back Rotary Ratchet Counter below is for machines such as presses metal-stamping machines where a reciprocating movement indicates an operation. ETE Registers one for each throw of the lever and sets back to zero from any figure by turning knob once round. Supplied with from four to ten figure-wheels, as required. Price with four figures, as illustrated, $11.50 subject to discount. (Cut less than Y size.) Set back Revolution Counter of similar model, $10.00 (list). Write us about that counting problem of yours—or see how it’s solved in the big Veeder booklet; copy free. The Veeder Mfg. Co. 44 Sargeant St., Hartford, Conn. (Continued from page 89) been cut. It is glued in place face down, with the brown paper on top, and is held in place by a weight. When it has dried overnight, it is scraped with a cabinet or veneer scraper. This removes the brown paper and brings out the pattern of the inlay. The corner inserts are inlaid after the line inlay has dried. A serving tray such as illustrated in Fig. 2 is a serviceable as well as beau- tiful addition to the furnishings of the dining room. Before beginning work on it, however, it is well to ascertain if the dimensions given are suitable for the stand or tea wagon on which it is to be placed. hw construction is very simple. The bottom is made and inlaid as described above. The frame consists of four pieces put together with a rabbetted joint at the corners, as shown. The opening to form the handle is carefully laid out on ene piece, after which the two end pieces are clamped together and a series of holes bored through them with a 34- in. auger bit. The bits of wood left be- tween these holes are cut away with a chisel and smoothed with scraper, file and sandpaper. It is better to cut these holes before cutting the outside shape and making the joints, because there is less danger of splitting. The frame is glued together, smoothed and sanded, after which it is either glued or screwed to the bottom. The writer has found gluing the easiest, if enough hand screws are available. It is not recommended to use a glass plate over the bottom, because dust will collect under the glass in time and make it unsightly, and if any liquid is spilled it is likely to run under the glass. If the tray is finished with linseed oil it will not be marred easily even if something is spilled on it. The mirror (Fig. 3) is suitable for a hall, a parlor, or a bedroom. The four pieces forming the frame are first squared to dimensions, after which the rabbets are cut for the glass. They are then joined in the corners with dowels as shown, glued, smoothed and sanded. i bw grooves for the inlay are cut with the marking gage, the head bearing against the outside edges of the wood. The insert is glued in place as described above, after which the wl.ole frame is scraped and smoothed. A small bead as shown on the drawing may be cut with an ordinary marking gage on the inside edges of the frame after it has been glued together. The top piece is glued to the top of the frame after the insert and the turned rosettes have been glued in place. The joint is covered by a piece of molding, which can either be bought ready made or worked out with a gouge, scraper and sandpaper. The backing should be of soft pine or whitewood and nailed in place. It is a good plan to place (Continued on page 97) GET A HOBBY POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY MAKE MODELS Start a Home Workshop “Model Making,” by R. F. Yates, describes the construction of model gas-engines, steam- engines, locomotives, boats, dynamos, tur- bines, railroads, guns, etc. Thirty chapters are devoted to models of various nature. It will help you to become a better mechanic, It will help you to do hard soldering, soft soldering, lathe work, tempering, drilling pattern-making, etc. : his is a book every amateur or professional mechanic an model maker should have. Model Making” describes real engineering models, not toys. 432 Pages, 350 Illustrations. Practical, complete, easily understood. ° Price Postpaid, $3.00. 250 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK TWENTIETH CENTURY + NOR BOOK OF Recipes, Formulas and Processes This book of 800 pages is the most com- plete Book of Recipes ever published, giving thousands of recipes for the manufacture 0 valuable articles for everyday use. Hints, Helps, Practical Ideas and Secret Processes covering every branch of the useful arts are given. 10,000 Practical Formulas—The Best Way to Make Everything A book to which you may turn with confidence that you will find what you are looking for. A mine of information, up-to-date in every respect. Con- tains an immense number of formulas that every one ought to have, that are not found in any other work. Price, $4.00 Popular Science Monthly 250 Fourth Avenue, New York © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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Frame Worikslioy Inlaying Is Easy (Continued from page 96) several layers of paper between the glass and the backing. __ ; ; The tea table (Fig. 5) is a piece of furniture that is alittle out of the ordinary. It consists of a tray hinged to a frame. The frame is very simple of construc- tion, consisting of five pieces joined by doweled joints. The side pieces each have two shaped pieces of the same thickness as the frame glued to them. These pieces may be beaded on the edges as shown by first gaging the beads with a marking gage and then slightly rounding them with a chisel, scraper and sandpaper. The two sides of the frame are joined with theshaped stretcher at the bottom, which is mortised into them and glued in —— 26 ————_+} oes T p 4 nee cribes “3 team. HALF PLAN OF TRAY | | tgs tur- ‘ fe) apters HINGES: [] ih m hanic. : 3 | , Soft rilling, sional eering | tions. x! * Price = CATCH WP HINGE THLY ss a“ | bs =e —oer” iB : a % — mals F “i aS ¥ =, ' to athe fe. 29, ______»| be 11% —m VERTICAL SECTION Fig. 5. When this distinctive tea table is not in use, the top stands in a vertical position hinged is glued and screwed to the frame. The tray, which is 14 in. thick, is inlaid as shown, after which a molding is fitted and glued in place flush with the edges. It is hinged to the crosspiece in such a way that when it is in the horizontal position it projects an equal amount on each side of the frame. The hinges should work rather stiffly so that the tray will not tip when placed in the vertical \ place. The piece to which the tray is as position. When used for serving tea (in the horizontal position), it is pre- oll vented from tipping by a catch, which Cc * i locks it to the crosspiece. ture If mahogany is used for the three Hine pieces of furniture described above, it rts are is recommended to stain it with lime dis- solved in water, as this does not discolor —The the inlay. If stained with bichromate of ° potassium or ordinary stain, the inlay thing has to be scraped afterwards with a very ro sharp kyife to remove the stain, and this = is a rather difficult and tedious process. iy other ee SA ee The limewater method of staining, hly mentioned by Mr. Hjorth, will be de- scribed in detail next month. ern © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ANEW SPEED INDICATOR Pocket Size Easy to Use Counts like a pulse Speed indicators have been made before— but never one like this. The size of No. 746 alone makes it different from any other such BS device. It slips into the vest pocket as easily as a watch. Light in weight—only 11% ounces. And it’s accurate! Counts the hundreds of R.P.M., beating them out like a pulse. Easy- to-read dials give direct readings up to 100 —giving you exact R. P. M. at any speed. No. 746 is simple in construction. Only four major parts. And into its manufacture has gone the skill that has made Brown & Sharpe precision tools famous for accuracy _ all over the world. $1.50 Men who are responsible for checking the speed of shafting and maintaining the R. P. M. of machines need a device like Vest Pocket Speed Indicator No. 746. It meas- ures accurately all speeds, giving exact readings in either direction. Get this device from your hardware dealer. Also ask him for a Brown & Sharpe Small Tool Catalog. If he cannot supply you write us direct. For such a quality tool the price is very moderate—including two rubber points — only Xs BROWN & SHARPE MEG. CO. re Providence, R. I. Illustration shows Indicator actual size Be 3S TOOLS . World’s Standard for Accuracy

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“It’s working voltage* that counts” amplification has amazed the world The amazing results obtained with power amplifiers is the radio sensation of the year. Perfect tone quality and the capacity to handle the full volume of a brass band without distortion, has made power amplification the ‘“‘last word”’ in radio. You, too, can enjoy all these advantages even with your old set, and at a minimum cost, by building a power amplifier with Dubilier Condensers. Dubilier Condenser Type 903, illustrated, is designed to with- stand the high voltage surges which often occur in the filter circuits of power amplifiers. In fact all Dubilier Condensers are built with this high margin of safety, and with an indicated working voltage* that insures a long life in continuous operation. Send 10c for our booklet, ‘Seventeen Ways to Improve Your Set.’’ It gives the most recent information on power amplifiers, filters and battery eliminators. *Working volt- age means more than “test volt- age.”” It is the voltage at which a condenser may be safely used in continuous operation. Dubilier CONDENSER CORPORATION 4377 BRONX BLVD. NEW YORK, N. Y. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Bue lone Workshop How to Connect “Through Cord” Switches By Georce A. WILLOUGHBY Supervisor of Electric Work, Arthur Hill Trade School, Saginaw, Mich. Slit the braid, then cut one of the wires and connect its ends to the switch terminals . cord” or “feed through” switch has a place in the extension cord of practically every toaster, flatiron, or similar device. Not only is it conven- ient but it also makes unnecessary the constant insertion and withdrawal of the plug at the service outlet. To install a through cord switch, sep- arate the parts by removing the screws. Determine the desired position and split the cord, as shown in the circle above, just far enough to provide for making the connections to the switch but not enough to extend beyond its ends. Cut only the outer braid, which holds the wires to- gether; leave the rubber covering on the individual wires uninjured. The excess ends of covering may be cut off with scissors. Cut one of the wires in two and remove the insulation from the ends with a knife held at an angle so as not to injure the wire. Leave the other wire with the covering intact. Twist the ends of the bared wires and wrap them carefully around the ter- minal screws. Trim off excess strands of wire and reassemble the parts. See that they fit perfectly before the screws are tightened. While switches vary in design, they are all connected alike Two halves of a cord switch Provides complete noiseless filament con. trol for all radio tubes withoutchangeof con- § nections. Metal parts are nickel plated. ‘One hole mounting. Self contained switch opens pura 4 circuit when 293 Greenfield Avenue Milwaukee, Wig, New ev, 1% to 30 Horse Power, DIRECT From Factory—Wholesale Prices— Terms—No Interest. all years proves on =e d of fuel — fe Seni Steal Construe. almos of fue en Walive cin -ieed Motor—WICO THROTTLING GOVERNOR-—Simple to run— Lifetime Guarantee—Excess Power... FREE CATALOG Describes New Improvements, New Lower Prices and Long Terms. Saws and Pumpers, Valuable Information. 3 Hour Shipping Service) WITTE so WORKS 2221 Witte Bull KANSAS CITY,MO, Bidg., PITTSBURG Hat Brie bites daat Pueceoarekt 4 | Burlington The 21-Jewel Burlington {s sold to you at a very low price and on the very special terms of $1.00 down—free examination—small monthly payments. Book Send for the most iS comptate te watch book ever produced. 100 designs - hana pe | = -\gesea Write for it today. It is free, Burlington Watch Co. 32%: s.2umetons © Thie seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. BIG NEW 1927 CATALOG-FREE omg ents, Set Builders — get our ig 1927 Catal a og 7 225 nationally adv ody Peony , 7™- in America! most complete stock. Radio’s latest develop- ments. It’s FREE—send for your copy noW. as AUTO & RADIO MFG. CO., = eo Street, Kansas C ity, Mo A Gerstner CHEST is valaable to did MACHINISTS TOOLMAKERS Saves its cost many @ times in value of tools it saves from loss damage. Write for free catalog. H. GERSTNER & SONS 538 Columbia St., Dayton, 0. ny r-o © @® ee Be Oe oe ~~ BE oe ol oe el HEE CRI See page 6.

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Dividends in Building (Continued from page 85)

If the doors are purchased ready made, cab- inets like these can be built very easily around the fireplace did not depend upon having any of the other finish work in place, as was necessary before the kitchen cabinetwork could be started, the mantel was the first job tackled. As the work of fashioning it progressed, it became more and more easy to realize why the contrac- tor said it would cost about $150 to build and set up the mantel shelf and paneling at the sides. When the time required to place the mantel and panel the sides was totaled up, it was found that it had taken the equivalent of four eight-hour days, and this was exclusive of the time to make the mantel proper and the small panel. No record was kept of the time required to make these parts, but a similar mantel was quoted at $95 by a mantel manufacturer. As the materials cost only $15, about $125 was earned on the fireplace work alone. On the exterior ofthe house there is little opportunity for the owner to do much work because of the necessity of covering the house and putting on the priming coat of paint as quickly as pos- sible after the frame is up. On this house a special Colonial fan motif was wanted on the gable over the entrance, but the contractor said it would take a man a day to “fuss with it,” whereas if it were shingled like the rest of the house an hour’s work would “see it finished.” As this meant the difference between $1.25 and $10 for a decorative feature, the con- tractor was told to leave the space un- finished. The central illustration on page 67 shows the result of a half day’s work by the amateur, and although it did require considerable “fussing,” the com- pleted job gives constant satisfaction, when compared with other gables. All of these features may look like one | of the seven labors of Hercules when first started, but in a surprisingly short time each job is completed and the only regret is that there are not more to be done. heen

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

Patented December 8, 1925. Others pending %-inch holes thru %-inch Cold Rolled Steel in 13 Seconds No. 1042 OT just one hole, but hole after hole, hour after hour. No overheating—no letting up—no distress signs. The same smooth, de- pendable drilling for long periods. A drill that performs like this in hard shop service won’t go back on you. : No. 1042 is called a Heavy Duty Drill because it’s motored heavy enough to more than justify that Vy -Inch Heavy © 4 Duty Drill title. No job that comes within its range is too hard for this drill. Uninterrupted performance is built into every part of every electric drill bearing the Goodell-Pratt nameplate. There are no weak points. Write us for folder that tells com- plete details. Then order through your tool merchant. If he hasn’t stocked your Goodell-Pratt . Electric Drill, he can get it for you quickly. Note these features and refinements of Goodell-Pratt Electric Drills MOTORS—Powered for continuous drilling at the rated full capacity. PATENTED SELF-OILING ARMATURE BEARINGS—Long, special, high- speed bearings, in perfect alignment; automatically lubricated from capacious leak-proof oil reservoirs. EFFICIENT VENTILATION— Uninterrupted flow of clean air through the motor. PATENTED CABLE LOCK—Eliminates most connection troubles. pulled or jerked out. GEAR OPERATED CHUCK—Ball bearing, with self-tightening action that makes the key unnecessary most of the time. ACCESSIBILITY —Every vital part surprisingly get-at-able. WIDE-FACED HARDENED GEARS—Double gear speed reduction—hard bronze gear and spindle bearings—instant switch control. HOUSING—Polished aluminum, with pleasing lines. markable efficiency make Goodell-Pratt Electric Drills a real joy. Type Schedule Universal Motors—for A. C. or D. C.—for 110 and 220 Volts Type oan Capacity 1042 1044 12 ¥" Light Duty Approx. No Load Speed 6 14" Heavy Duty 1800 1043 11 38" Heavy Duty 1100 700 Lbs. Wet. 1045 18 ¥%4" Standard 1046 21 14" Heavy Duty 1048 22 58" Heavy Duty Type Capacity GOODELL-PRATT COMPANY, GREENFIELD, MASS., U.S. A. MAKERS OF oolomiths, MR. PUNCH GOODELL PRATT 1500 GOOD TOOLS © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner z 4ve~tisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. Cannot be Good looks as well as re- Approx. No Load Speed 650 600 550

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY SAWS THAT CUT METAL [si High Speed Steel Teeth of te ee FASTER Simonds Inserted Tooth Saws e short work of heavy, tough metal-cutting jobs. The plates of wear-resisting steel are tempered to ive maximum strength and stiffness or heavy duty cutting. SIMONDS SAW AND STEEL COMPANY “The Saw Makers” Established 1832 Fitchburg, Mass. Branches and Service Stations in Principal Cities f Cabinet Shop No. 10 $290 with Motor You ought to have this handy Parks in your shop. It is a compact, complete machine designed just like a big produc- tion outfit at one-fifth the cost. Includes 8-inch circular rip and cross cut saw with polished cast-steel saw table, 16-inch band saw with tilting table for bevel-sawing, BATTERY, dT / / / /, | 6-inch jointer, and motor operating from REPLACES any light socket. Just plug in and go to work! Fits in a corner of your basement. Y HYDR' OMETERS Does any kind of cabinet and joinery WY Ue work. Add lathe, shaper and other at- tachments any time at small cost. For the man who does “‘odd jobs” in his off time this Parks is a big money maker. Turn out as much as a four-man shop working by yourself. NO RADIO or AUTO COMPLETE WITHOUT ONE 2 No more spoiling of carpets with acid. Battery Ga-Jit replaces the messy, acid spilling hydrometer Write for circular and Parks complete catalog of handy woodworking machinery | Yike lone Worlssiten Now Kitty Can Open the Door Herself By Frank I. Sotar USSY can get in and out of the house by herself if a small swinging door js provided for her as shown in the accom. panying illustrations. It can be inserted in the panel of a door or arranged to take the place of a pane in a cellar windoy, The opening can be cut with a keyhole saw or a coping saw blade. The panel of an ordinary outside door is usually soft pine, which can be cut by wrapping a piece of cloth around one end of a \-in. cop-_ - ing saw blade . | and using it with- out a frame. Start the hole with a knife or small drill. After the flapper has been cut out, round and smooth the edges with sand- paper and bore a hole for a wire shaft, Bend down one end of a length of wire, run the wire through the flapper, and then bend the other end, as illustrated, Place the wire across the hole in the pand and fasten with two staples at each side, If the flapper is painted a different color than the door, as green against cream or white, you will find that most of your visitors will notice and comment upon this convenient door for the family cat. A private entrance for the family cat NOTCHES IN OPENING The swinging door can be cut in a wooden panel and placed in a cellar window Restorer for Checked Varnish URNITURE finishers, especially those who have to restore pieces of furniture that have become damaged, make use of what they call “amalgamators.” These contain solvents that soften the varnish and cause small cracks and checks t run together. One formula is two parts of heavy-bodied wood lacquer reduced with eight parts of lacquer thinner and one part of butyl alcohol. This is applied The Parks Ball Bearing Machine Co. 1547 Knowlton Street, Cincinnati, Ohio Canadian Factory: 208 Notre Dame East, Montreal, Can. and tests your battery in a second. AT YOUR DEALER’S If he can’t supply you send price and we will forward one, postpaid. GENERAL INSTRUMENT CORP. 477 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, U. S. A. } © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. . cautiously with a very soft brush after the surface has been lightly sandpapered. A second application can be made, if neces sary, after the first has dried thoroughly and been sandpapered smooth.

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ooden indow rnish ly those urniture e use of These varnish ecks to vo parts reduced appli ufter the ered. A if neces- roughly February, 1927 Emenome Workshop| ete! A Block Puzzle to Test Your Wits By Eric B. Roserts IVEN the ten blocks shown at the G right of the accompanying illustra- tion, could you assemble them to form a perfect letter H? : It’s not so easy as it looks, although the puzzle is one of the simplest to con- struct. The blocks are simply sawed apart in a miter box. No chiseling is necessary. The whole trick lies in the fact that No. 5, which is the key block, is invariably taken to be the end of one of the uprights hy those who have not learned the secret of the puzzle. ; The blocks may be cut from any strip of wood %, % or 1 in. square or, indeed, the pieces may be made of cardboard. The measurements indicated in the draw- ing are for blocks 34 in. square. Making the larger pieces will give no dif- ficulty, but be careful to have the small 8 5, Z7 9 NKEY. BLOCK vA SOLUTION NAT IT CAN BE Wit } MADE HARDER. | |}/)\) LF BY DIAGONAL 38 || 4°)! ad ny CUTS * }\"\\\woop BLocKs \\|WZSAWED FROM Y %'x%, STOCK This puzzle is more deceptive than it looks because of the way the key block is used pieces the right size and shape required before cutting them off as they are too small to saw afterwards. When No. 7 is sawed off, the point A of No. 8 will be thrown off center because of the thickness of the saw; therefore true the center be- fore proceeding. Similarly, be sure to shape point B of No. 9 before cutting off the block. No. 10, the last piece, is cut to fit, as it is slightly larger than No. 6. All the cuts, of course, are made at a 45-deg. angle. To make the puzzle more difficult, some of the cuts may be made diagonally; if already too difficult, glue No. 7 to No. 8 and No. 9 to No. 3, or else cut No. 3 and No. 9 in one piece at the beginning. It is perhaps best to draw a letter H the correct size and have the “victim” try to cover it. It will be exceedingly difficult even then. Other symmetrical designs may be made with all or most of the blocks and the outlines copied and used as puzzles, but in every instance No. 5 should be used as the key. men POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Next in line—yet never chosen —perhaps it’s comedones* OR three years he had been next in line. They had given. the De- partment Manager’s job, with its high salary and prestige, to another. He never suspected that comedones kept him always “ next in line.” It is a misfortune to suffer from comedones — the scientific name for blackheads. What’s more,you may not even be conscious 6f them, though others notice them. Comedones often interfere with business success, for you can’t be clean cut and attractive when they are present. Do you won- der why you don’t get ahead? Per- haps it’s comedones. Pompeian Massage Cream helps you overcome comedones. It gets in where comedones form, rolls out all the dirt and oily secretions. It stimu- lates a healthy circulation, keeps the SEND FOR 10-DAY TRIAL TUBE For 10c we will send a special trial tube containing sufficient cream for many. de- lightful massages. Positively only one trial tube to a tamily on this exceptional offer. Use this cou- pon now. © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. pores open, and gives you a clean, ruddy complexion. Try this treatment After you shave, spread Pompeian Massage Cream generously over your face — and rub, Continue to rub until the crear2 rolls out. Note how dark the cream looks. That’s the dirt that was in your pores. Don’t let comedones form. Use Pompeian Massage Cream every day—especially when social or Business en- gagements demand that you look your best. It means a healthy, whole- some skin. It means more joy in living. *WHAT ARE COMEDONES? (pronounced com’é-dones) Dictionary definition: Asmall plug or mass occluding the excretory duct of a sebaceous gland, occurring frequently upon the face, especially the — It is often called black- ead. Use at Home after Shaving To ft full pleasure and benefit, use Pompeian Massage Cream regularly at home after shaving. Your face will feel and look like a mil- lion dollars. 60cjarz at all drug stores. TEAR OFF NOW! YOU MAY FORGET The Pompeian Laboratories, Dept. 30, Cleveland, Ohio Gentlemen: I enclose 10c (a dime, coin preferred) for a special trial tube of Pompeian Massage Cream. Street PAINOED ee 6-6-0: cue Wa wasiaceccsceousaeeeene eee

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KEAN DAN AN IANA AZANTANTAN TANT ANRS (SW) Element-Lockt iy i | What a Difference They Make! - A Five Rigid Bands that unite the ree (a) UNITi Locks therm ad Plarelic= three elements are scientifically ed to the 1000th part of aninch. Good reception d upon maintaining that exact PRE- CISION in specing. = ordioary tubes pe upset, which accoun Roise, squeals howls of ea * distortion. This can- ot occur in “ELEMENT-LOCKT’’ Tubes Because all 3 are Lockt-together. They act as i] (B PROCESSED GLASS PRISMS sup- porting the five Rigid Bands. Prisms are non-porous from disturb —— by U's. Bureau yt ng ~ (Cc nated with Costly Seashemt ene 4“ Te = tnd the tube — —— PLATE--specially trea’ it re- (D) sisting, cannot warp. 4 es (E) GLASS STEM, extra wide for solid 5 ee support to the three ele- i What a Difference in Reception! oy, | T’’ Radio Tubes:--DETECTOR stant signals. AMPLIFIER type is it--giving ter Amplification. Try them! Note the difference in reception! Voices e alive, rich, human! Music # mellow. exanisite, enchanting! Jilen notes, ripple snd tee difercace! Your friends will think you have a new Radio Set. SOLD DIRECT at Introductory Price $1.50 _ Made to sell for $2.50 each. To popularize our ‘*Direct-by-Mail’’ te Bent promptly for 10 Base’ er ay a ‘Gheck or oney Ordert t C.0.D. if pref Tf you wish to'return th st end of 10 Days. 735 money will be refundedin FULL! Type 201a or 199; $1.50. AMAZING 3000-HOUR GUARANTEE Should any tube prove defective within a period of 3000 hours’ use--we guarantee to replace it FREE of charge--AMAZING GUARANTEE! SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER WITH COUPON! SEAVER-WILLIAMS CO. **¢ Generations Jimi 365 WASHINGTON ST., BOSTON, MASS. Manufacturers, Sole Distributors of ‘*ELEMENT-LOCKT’’ Tubes Write quantity desired in proper box below ifi Detector Do - 199 Dipme g: Tubes OC quire 2014 Teper Name. gases; Address Clip and Mail this Adv. TODAY! ial Price for_LIM- Fee eee ee eto not doliahton. Poe’ S24 : If you wish them sent C. O. D. put cross here (] : RVI NV INVINY INVA NVI NVI NVI INVINY IN 4 >} POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY HE chisel edge on the end of the claw makes this ham- mer a Cutting tool of ahundred ¥ uses, without altering the claw fea- ture. Small side claws make it easy to pull nails in close corners. The off-set — of the nose gives far greater verage—pulling ten penny nails with ease. A perfectly bal- ancedonepound ham- mer forged of tool steel. If your dealer cannot supply you write us direct. Price $2.00 CHISEL-EDGE-CLAW HAMMER COMPANY H. A, Ayvad—Depr, E | Hoboken, N. J., U.S.A, Tne Worksnae If You Like to Draw— You Can Do Etching in Easy New Way By Harvey H. Dunn NYONE who enjoys drawing—and many amateur mechanics are skilful with pen and pencil—can make what ap- pear to be etchings by a new, simple and inexpensive method. The method, as described hereafter, was originated by Dr. George Lee Eaton, of the staff of St. Francis Hospital, San Francisco, for making drawings of pecu- liar conditions encountered in operations performed by him. Several New York artists have made use of substantially the same process for purely artistic purposes. The etching is done on an unused photographic plate, 5 by 7 or 8 by 10 in. The artist draws his picture with a needle inserted in a wooden handle, or with the point of a stiff drawing pen. No attempt is made to shield the plate from the light. When the drawing is com- pleted, the plate is developed, just as if it had been exposed in the camera. When the plate is dry, prints are made from it in the same manner as photographic prints. Wherever the artist drew a line in the etching, a black line appears in the print, ®s An Alaskan fiord reproduced from a 5 by : 7 in. photo-etching by Dr. George L. Eaton and where there are no lines, or between the lines, the print is white. Shading of the lines is effected by vary. ing the depth to which they are cut in the film; the deeper the cut, the darker the line will be, until it becomes entirely black when the needle point is allowed to reach the glass beneath the film. Aside from its use in the making of surgical drawings, the method has been used successfully by draftsmen, machin. ists and architects to make and preserve delicate mechanical sketches. The botany and zoology departments of a number of California schools are using the new method in making permanent records of plant and animal life. By the use of ordinary carbon paper, designs, mechanical drawings and pie. tures, even portraits, can be transferred to the film-coated plate, and etched. This Rocking-Horse Runs (Continued from page 80) The 2-in. squares in this illustration are to be used in drawing the parts full size thick, as shown in Fig. 3. First drill a Y-in. hole perpendicularly through the block; then with an expansive bit bore a hole just large enough to allow a roller to be inserted endwise for a distance of lin. With a 1-in. bit bore the rest of the way through the block. Now, to center a roller, place it in tie large hole and mark the center with a )4-in. bolt that has been filed or ground to a cone- shaped point at the threaded end. The spacing for the rollers in the rockers must be regular. Both pairs should be exactly alike so that the corresponding rollers will operate at the same time. The rollers extend 3 in. below the lower curve of the rockers. This would place the centers % in. above. A line, there- fore, is gaged \% in. above the lower curve and the centers are laid out 27% in. apart. Fasten the rockers together with brads before boring the holes. It is much more convenient to use a drill press, if available, as the holes should be per. pendicular. Care should be observed not to inter- change the rockers or to get the ends reversed at any subsequent stage of the operations. The second and _ fourth rollers from each end may be omitted as there is not as much need for them to An alternative design for a smaller horse. The body, head and tail are in one piece be close together at the ends as in the central portion. Assemble a pair of rockers with the rollers in place and add spacing blocks a little thicker than the combined width of rollers and washers (Figs. 5 and 5A). The end blocks have the crosspieces screwed to them so they must be sp: to suit the stretch of the horse’s feet. Note Fig. 6, (Continued on page 103) — © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. ~ «se DD |e ee rreo etme ose Es ee aS a ee ae ae

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ll press, be per- oO inter- he ends e of the fourth omitted them to horse. > piece s in the vith the g blocks d_ width ind 5A). ysspieces es e’s feet. page 103) ——$—$—$—— Ge some Workshop. This Rocking-Horse Runs (Continued from page 102) which shows a rocker with one of the side ieces removed. tthe model the horse is placed a little forward of the center so that the front blocks are nearer the front end of the rocker than the back blocks are to the rear. These blocks are about 4 in. long. Two other smaller blocks are used in each pair of rockers as separators in the center. Fasten the feet of the animal, after they have been fitted as previously described, with screws from the lower side of the crosspieces. Fasten a block to the crosspiece between the front feet and a similar block between the hind feet; then additional screws can be inserted through the legs into these reinforcing blocks. : Foot rests to take the place of stirrups may be suspended from the body of the horse. These are 4% by 1% by 10 in. maple strips but it would, perhaps, be better to use pieces 3% or 14 by 1% by 12 in., as there could be more holes for ad- justment. Toward the bottom a %-in. dowel passes through both strips and extends far enough to form the foot rest. A similar dowel passes through the neck to act as a handgrip. There is a knack to riding this broncho. He will rock peacefully enough in one place, but a little special stress thrown at certain points in the rocking motion starts the toy rolling forward and some- times backward. This develops into a continuous rolling motion. The tendency is to make the model too small. The one shown is really too small for little Eugene Pickett, the five- year-old boy who is seen taking a ride on it. It isa simple matter, however, to make a larger model because the 2-in. squares used as reference lines may be increased to 3 in., thus making a horse one half larger. A donkey, lion, goat, rabbit or any of the animals seen on a merry-go-round can be substituted for a horse in building one of these curious toys. ’ Strip of Paper Serves for ~ . Drawing Large Circles RAWING ¥ a large circle iffy without a beam parm compass is accom- plished easily with a strip of news- paper or wrapping paper 3 or 4 in. wide and several inches longer than 4 the radius of the i a required circle. ~ Make two folds lengthwise to pre- vent tearing and to give stiffness. Lap one end around a lead pencil and pin together. Double the other end of the paper and put a heavy pin through to act as a center point.—Joun M. Lana. A quick, easy way to swing in large arcs POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Handiest Tool in your Work Shop PERHAPS you have never thought of the special advantages of using Le- Page’s Liquid Glue. It is always ready for imme- diate use. No weighing, soaking or heating is re- quired. The quality is always the same. _ It “sets’’ slowly enough so that you’ have plenty of time to place the joints together exactly as they should go. Slow setting also allows LePage’s to penetrafe the wood, in- creasing the strength of the joint. LePage’s Liquid Glue is equal in strength to any animal glue. Buy a can for your work shop. It is the easiest, quickest, handiest form of glue. Insist on LePage’s. Recipe for making LePage’s Gesso To make one cup of LePage’s Gesso, you need 1 gill can of LEPAGE’S GLUE, 1% cups whiting, 3 teaspoons linseed oil and 3 teaspoons varnish. Place whiting in mixing bowl and pour in slowly in this order: Lkr- | PAGE’S GLUE, linseed oil, and varnish. Mix untilsmooth. All ingredients obtainable at near- est hardware store. E Book Trough End Table AttractiveFurniture you can make yourself LE PAGE’S Craft Books will show you how LD ieee an by an expert, attractive, artistic, useful and easy to make. This briefly de- scribes the furniture pieces which LePage’s NEW Craft Books will show you how to make in your home work shop. ““LePaze’s Work Shop Book” contains complete directions for making a taboret, footstool, hanging book shelves, book trough, end table with book trough, and a number of simple things which per- haps your boy would like to make. ‘ The printed directions for making, step by step, are supple- mented by dimension drawings and illustrations made from photographs of the finished pieces of furniture. LePage’s ‘Practical Suggestions for the Home Work Shop” will help you come closer to equal- ing the skill of the trained cabinet-maker. It tells you how to make strong joints with glue, and with glue in its most convenient form— LePage’s Liquid Glue. This book also shows you how to cover up small defects in your craftsmanship. Now and:then a tool will slip and an error is made. Or there are holes to be filled where nails or screws have been countersunk. Or the edges of a joint are not exactly even. A simple new way to repair these defects is with the use of LePage’s Gesso instead of putty. LePage’s Gesso will stick to any sur- face—wood, metal, glass, etc., and will stand 1000 lbs. breaking strain as explained in the books. It can be sandpapered, planed and painted or stained just like wood. We give you in the small panel below a simple formula for making LePage’s Gesso, but of course we tell you more about it in the books themselves, together with practical information on decorating your finished articles with Gesso. Send 10c for these NEW LEPAGE’S Books THE practical and useful help of these two books is yours for only 10 cents. Just write your name and address on the coupon below, tear the coupon out and mail it to us today with 10 cents in coin or stamps, and we will at once serid you a copy of each, postage paid. Address LePage’s Craft League, Dept. 004, Gloucester, Mass. Tear out the coupon now so you will not forget it. MAIL THIS COUPON LePaGe’s Crart LEaGuE, Dept. 004, Gloucester, Mass. Gentlemen:—Enclosed you will find 10 cents (coin or stamps) in payment for “‘LePage’s Practical & Suggestions for the Home Work Shop” and “‘Le- AG a ©. Page’s Work Shop Book.” Please send a copy of each to: POOR oa at os race ee release welt rolatinte aaa G LU E DIONE ora: « vinwids cerewet tes ea eee caseviens settee Rs So cee eapmamna ent ees Sis ae wide ‘Bottles.Tubes,Cans \ ae © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Page 94

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Model AA18 + - $50 From highest Soprano to deepest Bass Amplion reproduces every note perfectly and helps any radio set to give its best performance HE AMPLION PATRICIAN, latest addition to the fam- ‘ous Amplion line of radio repro- ducets encloses a 48" air-column in a beautiful hand carved ma- hogany cabinet, 18" x 12" x 9". Being non-directional the fea- ture of the Patrician is its mel- low diffusion of sound. Ask your dealer for a demonstration or write to us for illustrated Amplion Booklet AMPLION Reproducers, $12 to $50 6 Gini = & THE AMPLION CORPORATION OF AMERICA Suite M 280 Madison Ave., New York City The Amplion Corporation of Canada Ltd., Toronto, Ont.

[ii Wome Worker

I STOP Foot Pains or you pay nothing

LIP a new and amazing band on the most pain-’ ful feet. Within 10 min- 4 utes every trace of pain » has vanished. This band acts to strengthen and support the vital muscles whose weakened condition causes 94% of all foot troubles, med- ical authorities say. Wear stylish shoes again, walk and dance without a twinge. No stiff props to further weaken the foot. This is a strong, super-elastic yet amazingly thin, light band. It’s called the Jung Arch Brace and acts through correct tension and scientific design to strengthen muscles nat- urally. Soon you do without it—feet are well. Test it 10 days. If not amazed and delighted your money returned. Go to druggist, shoe store or chiropodist. If they can’t supply you use coupon below and ‘7 pay postman. Send for} U N G Ss Vhe"Or. free book foot and ginal” fee tsoubtios. ARCH BRACES

Jung Arch Brace Co., 232 Jung Bidg., Cincinnati, Ohio. Send 1 pair [) Wonder Style, $1 and post- age, (] Miracle Style (extra wide for severe cases), $1.50 and postage. [J Send free book.

game FREE if it fallgee—eo-

Shoe size Last Name Address nai air State

Canada: Kirkham & Roberts, Pacific Bidg., Toronto. Canadian prices: Wonder, $1.25; Miracle, $1.75.

Read Interesting article on Page 6. *‘How $100 a Month, Invested Properly, Can Make You Independent.”’

9-IN. X 3-FT. $1 BACK GEARED WITH SCREW CUTTING COUNTERSHAFT BENCH LATHE AND EQUIPMENT EASY TERMS IF DESIRED With this lathe youcan do the machine work in general auto or electrical repair shop, cut threads—finish pistons — reface valves— make bushings—machine armatures — undercut mica 50 COMPLETE — bore, drill, chuck, turn, grind, polish, etc. Specifications Attachments Power Heed Can be fitted with Graduated Compound Rest Collet Chuck 9 1-4-in. Swing Over Bed raduated Taper 8-in. Between Centers Attachment 3-ft. Bed mi-Automatic 3-4-in. Spindle Hole 6 Spindle Speeds Chucks—Tools, Weight crated 375 Ibs. etc.

Driven by overhead countershaft tor 1-4 H. P. Motor plugged into light socket. Write for Free Booklet 22-J SOUTH BEND LATHE WORKS 831 E. Madison St. South Bend, Ind.

————__

<r

Music Cabinet and Rack (Continued from page 82) recesses for the movable shelf Cleats For the bettom shelf, glue up 1 by 8° in. stock cut 1 ft. 10 in. long. Glue and nail to the back edge a strip wide enough to bring the shelf width up to 1 ft, 4 in Also glue up the top from 1 by 8 in. stock cut 2 ft. 1 in. long. Rip upper and lower rails from ] by6 in, stock. The side rails, which are } ft 414 in. long, have tenons %% in. thick on each end, flush with the inner face, the tenons to thickness, then to a width of 134 in., making them flush with the lower edge, and cut the shoulders, In the lower edge of the upper side rails and the upper edge of the lower rails, plow 3-in. grooves }4 in. deep, 3% in,

FRONT LEG | UPPER BACK RAIL 34x 2%"x/-9%" Vexiex2-% TRIANGULAR SS % ROUND STRIP\BLOCK lg ; Z MORTISE AND TENON Ns UPPER FRONT RAIL }7* Ax 24" ['-9%4 UPPER DOOR RAIL | | x's FS DOOR STILE tf 4x14" 2-1 DOOR PANEL _ ’ I= 4%"x 11% ‘fi SHELF %4'x1-2"x1-8% SHELF CLEATS Vp"x 4"x1'-2% LOWER SHELF. % x1-3% x 1-8% LOWER DOOR RAIL %x2x 1-5" LOWER FRONT RAIL 4x 2"x1'-9'4" HINGED BOOK- REST TOP. %4"x|'-2'4'x2'-0 STRIP 4"x1"- BOOK RAIL —— 4x2'4"x|-8" How the parts are joined together. Dowels may be used in place of mortises and tenons:

from the face sides to correspond with the grooves in the legs. The tenons on the lower rails are 14% in. wide, being notched back from each edge \% in. Cut the side panels from 3-ply veneer and chamfer the corners slightly to enable them to enter the grooves with- out chipping the edges. Since this ma- terial does not swell or shrink noticeably, a good deal of strength can be added to the cabinet by putting glue in the grooves as well as in the mortises and on the tenons. Clamp up a panel assembly, drive two or three fourpenny finishing nails into the joints from the inside, take off the clamps, and set aside to dry. Check up for squareness, and if the side is in wind (twisted), weight it flat until dry. How- ever, no panel or door will permanently remain flat if, through imperfect fitting of the joints, it tends to twist when first put together. This is a matter of little consequence when the panel is to rigidly joined (Continued on page 108)

—

© This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Page 95

owels nons * d with ons ON , being in. veneer itly to s with- his ma- iceably, ded to grooves on the ive two into the off the reck up in wi . How- anently fitting en first of little to be age 105) $$ REO Gea Music Cabinet and Rack (Continued from page 104) to another member, as in the body of the cabinet; but in a door it means a poor fit and the projecting of one corner after atmospheric changes have acted upon it. The upper back rail is 1 ft. 7 in. from shoulder to shoulder, has no groove, and is mitered in the opposite direction on the tenons. The lower rail is 2 in. wide, with tenons full width. The front rails are like the side rails, but are 1 ft. 7 in. from shoulder to shoulder, and have no grooves. Assemble the sides with the front and back rails, square up, and tack strips across the top and bottom diagonally to hold the cabinet rigid until dry. Cut two triangular blocks from 1 by 4 in. stock to nail and glue in the front corners, flush with the top. Bill of Materials No. Pes. T. W. L. Part 1 1 6 6 ft. Cabinet rails 1 1 y 8ft. Door rails and stiles 2 2 2 6 ft. Legs 1 1 8 8 ft. Top and bottom 1 3% 20 6ft. 3-ply panel veneer 1 3% #18 7ft. 3-ply panel veneer lpair 14% 1% .... Fast pin butts lpair 1% 2 .... Loose pin butts 1 % ..-. .... Friction catch All dimensions in inches except as otherwise noted. Cut the glued up shelf stock 1 ft. 3% in. by 1ft.844in. Notch the back corners % by 1 in. and the front corners 34 by 3% in. To carry the bottom shelf, screw 34 by 114 in. cleats inside the lower rails, making the lower edges flush with those of the rails. This allows the shelf to show a 4-in. margin of the front edge above the front rails to act as a bottom stop for the door. Nail the ends with sixpenny finishing nails, and close the end cracks with triangular strips. Make movable shelves of panel veneer 4 in. longer than the lower shelf, with notches 1 in. deep for leg clearance. The cleats are % in. thick, 34 in. wide, and 1 ft. 234 in. long, with both ends semicir- cular. The stiles and upper rail of the door are of stock sized to 34 by 1% in.; the lower rail is 2 in. wide. Cut the rails 1 ft. 5 in. long, and bore the dowel holes before cutting full width tenons to fit into the stile grooves. Groove the inner edges 4 in. deep. The stiles are finished 2 ft. 134 in. long, but it is well to leave an extra 4 in, on each end to prevent splitting the stock when the dowel holes are bored and when the door is being assembled. Locate the dowel holes by using the rails as patterns. Plow the grooves last. The fixed section of the top is 34 by 3% in. by 2 ft. It is attached to the cabinet by means of cleats screwed to the upper side rails and nails driven at an angle through the back rail. Make the hin ged top 1 ft. 214 by 2 ft. with a 34 by 214 in. by 1 ft. (Continued on page 106) Charges 6 volt “A”’ Battery at % amp. and 4 volt Batteryat 4% amp. STERLING _- AUTOMATIC POWER CONTROL SWITCH This device is used with any trickle charger, so that all power control is cen- tralized in the filament switch of your panel— thus governing the opera- tion of your eliminator, trickle charger and the set itself. This instrument is in- cluded in the Sterling R-102 Trickle Charger. R-105 Automatic Radio Power Control Switch, Price $5.25. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY utomatic, silent A Battery Always on the job! T Storage Battery, that is charged now and then, gradu- allylosespowerand reception begins to suffer. If, however, you put this noiseless trickle charger to work, your “A” Battery will be maintained at full efficiency all the time without your giving it a thought. Equipped with combination switch controlling the “A” charging and radio reception, and indicator to prove that it is working correctly. Built in Two Models. R-101 Trickle Charger, for 6 and 4 volt, complete with bulb, $14.00. R-102 Trickle Charger, for 6 volt, with automatic relay and Tungar bulb, $17.50. Sterllt r ° RADIOR gOPRO CHARGER Send for the Sterling booklet “F” showing complete line of radio equipment and useful data on radio care. THE STERLING MFG. COMPANY .« Cleveland, Obio © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Page 96

The“Mountie” isn’t lonely any more HEN the supply ship steams south from the | last outpost of civilization in | September, not to return until | the following July, loneliness will

never again beset the lives of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police who patrol that vast, wild area. | Radio is now brightening the long winter nights with music, special programs, messages and greetings from their “home folks.” And in the receiving sets of the “Mounties” is the best equip- ment obtainable. The batteries they use must be dependable. They must serve until new sup- plies are brought in a year later.

Ask any Radio Engineer Burcess BATTERY COMPANY GENERAL SALES Orrice: CHICAGO = Niagara Falls and Winnipeg i | im

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

Twigs Used for Artistic Porch Flower Boxes ORCH post boxes have long been a hobby of the writer's. I have tried to make them; did make them, elaborate ones. But that little spark of ar- tistic feeling al- ways condemned the finished product. At last I found them—the boxes I wanted. They were, however, not the offspring of any of my inventive mo- ments. They were made with fewer tools than I possessed and cost nothing. They were made of small twigs assembled in interlocking fashion as the photograph shows.—F rank W. BENTLEY, JR.

A beautiful rustic box for a flower pot

Making Moisture-Proof Wooden Puzzles and Novelties LOCK puzzles, such as described in recent issues of PopuLar ScIENCE MontTHLy, are apt to fit together and come apart beautifully on a dry day, whereas on a wet day, no matter how well seasoned the wood is, the pieces cannot be pried apart. If the wood is boiled in a mixture of one part beeswax and one part paraffin until it stops bubbling, and then allowed to cool until the wax starts to thicken, it will keep its size regardless of humidity. This process drives the moisture out of the wood and the wax penetrates right through. The blocks are cut to size after being treated in this way.—W. E. FrEvRE.

Music Cabinet and Rack (Continued from page 105) 8 in. strip doweled to the hinge edge to serve as a rail for holding music books when the top is elevated. Hang this sec- tion to the fixed top with two 114 by 1% in. fixed pin hinges mortised into the edges 21% in. from the ends. Round off the upper corners of the top on ends and front to a radius of 14 in. Around the sides and front miter a YZ by 1 in. square-edged strip, and flush with the top a -in. quarter round mold- ing, which may be planed from scraps. Screw on a short desk chain to prevent the top from folding back too far. Cut the back panel 1 ft. 8 in. by 2 ft. 54 in., and nail into place. Fit the door with a scant %-in. clear- ance all around, beveling the edges a little toward the inside, and hang with 1% by 2 in. loose pin butts placed 3 in. from the top and 4 in. from the bottom. | Center the knob on the height of the panel and the stile, and place a friction catch in the edge just above center. Sponge the cabinet with a damp cloth to raise the grain, and sand glass smooth before applying the finish.

© This seal on a radio, tool.or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6- Ge eee eereenee CS Aa yA GENUINE UNDERWooDI| Clip ond mail this, if you want a real rebuilt UNDERW = all typewriters. CURR and guaranteed ou’ll NEVER see equaled. AL 2 FREE BOOK OK pth this BOLORS) Toate vieat to b typewritin qoute fer, etc. Write at 0 } ‘ard Mfg. Co » 2142 Shipman Bidg., CHICAGO.

Electric Controlling Apparatus 293 Greenfield Avenue Milwaukee, Wis.

ete, Wilson Sema eeee Ear Drums uire no medicine but effectively replace whatis ing or defective in the natural ear drums, They — simple devices, which the wearer easily fits {nto ears where they are invisible. Soft, safe and com: Free Book |-nccstnessciving’ a me on Deafness The | any ee stored by these “little wireless 3 pond Sor the coral 248 VLSON EAR DRUM CO, Foes rated. -<N F Se Puls the OTTAWA Working For You Greatest LOG SAW Offer —I ever made. ie man 1 Falls trees, saws woes ake bie money, Use ara = for other work. aoa faster ry or nearest of 10 Branch Houses ~~ a Write for 30-Day Trial Offer and big FREE book. OTTAWA MANUFACTURING COMPANY 1801-W Wood Street, Ottawa, Kan. som 1801-W Magee Bidg., Pittsburgh, Pau A 2c Stamp —will start you on the road to success. See Money Making Op- portunities on pages 128 to 159.

Page 97

ie hionne Workshop) Auto Wheel Support for Punching Bag By Ceci W. Ber AG punching is enjoyable and health- B ful, but usually only those who have access to @ gymnasium indulge in this exercise. That is partly because the old- fashioned type of punching bag support takes up too much room in the average home and is too noisy. When mounted as illustrated, a bag ; requires very little space and is relatively noiseless. Furthermore, the support is made up almost entirely of materials that can be found around the workshop, except the auto steering wheel, and that can be obtained from any automobile salvage yard for little or nothing. It should be of the large type, which is about 15 in. in diameter, and the wooden rim must be in first class condition to stand the bat- tering it will receive. The arm can be made as shown from a length of 1-in. pipe with a floor flange at one end and an elbow at the other. The Little room is required for this punching bag support and it is relatively noiseless ell preferably should be of a so-called street elbow type, with internal threads at one end and external threads—for enter- ing the hub of the wheel—at the other. The two braces are 4% by } in. iron, fastened to the arm by means of a \-in. bolt through the ell. The arm and braces should be screwed or bolted first to a board; the board then is attached se- curely to the wall. A ceiling mount can be arranged similarly. The hub of the wheel should be bored and tapped so that it can be screwed on the arm and so that it will take a short length of 34-in. pipe underneath. To this extension the bag is to be fastened. It must project about 114 in. below the rim of the wheel. A hole should be drilled in the side of the pipe through which the rope can be threaded and tied. A wooden spool is driven in the end of the pipe to prevent the fraying of the rope, which may be 4-in. cotton clothesline. The wheel can be unscrewed readily from the arm and held in the hands some- what like dumb-bells or a wand for per- forming various setting-up exercises. When not in use, it can be hung up against the wall, out of the way. a POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY al Use Allen-Bradley Resistors for B-Eliminator Hook-Ups LLEN-BRADLEY research engineers have developed a series of variable and fixed resistors especially suited for B-Eliminator hookups. The success of their efforts is in- dicated by the fact that Allen-Bradley resistors, both vari- able and fixed, are used by more than fifteen B-Eliminator manufacturers, including European as well as the largest B American manufacturers. Another triumph of the Allen-Bradley Research Lab- oratory is Bradleyunit-A, a perfect fixed resistor that con- tains no glass, requires no hermetic sealing, and can be soldered into place without the use of clip mountings. Bradleyunit-A is not affected by temperature or moisture. itA PERFECT FIXED RESISTOR The silent, smooth control of plate voltage so essential in B-Eliminator serviceis obtained with Bradleyohm- E. For fixed step adjustment of volt- age, Bradleyunit-A is recommended. Do not experiment with make-shift resistors when these Allen-Bradley units have been pronounced the ideal units for B-Eliminator service. ALLEN-BRADLEY COMPANY, 3 Greenfield Avenue, 5+ aoe Wisconsin Ask your dealer for them, © today? d me your literature pie devices and B-Eliminator hookups. ee 4 eae 3" eee ee ee sedeom ery? © eee : This new oversize resistor is used as standard equipment by leading B-Eliminator man- ufacturers suchas Acme,All- American, Majestic, Phila- delphia Storage Battery and Willard. scientifically- treated discs provide step- less, noiseless, plate voltage control, and the setting will be maintained indefinitely. on Allen-Bradley oe * ee 6 eee

Page 98

108 She Old Way each time you turned your set on or off you had fo operate } Switches

you operate everything with ONE switch- the SET SWITCH

CONTROLIT DOES IT “~AUTOMATICAILY aE re) come Manufactured by the Makers of the Famous BRACH LIGHTNING ARRESTERS ee ee L.S.BRACH Mfg. Co. NEWARK.N. J. TORONTO, CAN. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

Home Workshop Chemistry Simple Formulas that Will Save Time and Money

SPHALT is a fossil which forms lakes on the island of Trinidad, is found swimming about in the Dead Sea, and is even present in certain limestone formations. Its solubility depends largely upon its origin. Ether will dissolve a small quan- tity of a greenish oil from asphalt of better quality, and a much larger quan- tity from poorer grades. Alcohol works similarly upon it. It is entirely soluble in chloroform, amyl alcohol, carbon bisul- phide, benzine, benzol and turpentine. Asphalt makes a fine glossy black opaque varnish, which can be used for many purposes. It is excellent for iron- work and may be used for woodwork, although it is quite soft for the latter. It can be used to coat the interior of wooden boxes to make them wa- terproof. It may be used:as a pro- tective covering on objects exposed to the atmosphere. Toy boats may be painted with it to assure a perfectly water resisting and durable covering. Asphaltum comes in lumps of various sizes and is sold by the pound; it can also be obtained very cheaply in varnish form at paint stores. The best way of dissolv- ing lump asphaltum is to powder the mass and add the solvent, stirring the mass until a solution is effected. For general use dissolve the asphaltum in benzol, using only sufficient liquid to obtain a creamlike consistency. This varnish will be dry in an hour or less. A small quantity of linseed oil may be added, if desired. Asphaltum varnish thinned with tur- pentine makes an excellent brown wood stain often used for so-called “antique” effects on furniture. A water resistant cement useful for plugging small holes and uniting similar or dissimilar substances, which are not exposed to much strain, also can be made by adding the powdered asphaltum to hot linseed oil while stirring. This cement must be heated before use. The following label will serve as a reminder if pasted on the asphaltum container:

Mixing a varnish- of asphaltum and benzol Asphaltum Keep the lumps in large-mouthed bottle or card- board container. ; Powder lumps before using so that the dissolving will not take too long. A good solvent is benzol. Used for painting ironwork to prevent rust. The varnish is useful for waterproofing all kinds and types of containers and objects. Dissolved in turpentine, a thin solution of asphaltum makes a rich brown “‘antique”’ wood stain. A waterproof cement, which has little holding power under strain, but is useful for plugging holes and cracks, may be made by dissolving the asphaltum in a very small quantity of linseed oil so that the mass, when cold, just takes the impression of the finger nail. Heat the cement before use.

Nemec Build and Fly Models of Famous Aeroplanes It’s the most interesting thing you ever tackled; de. velops your mechanical ability; teaches the principles of aviation; shows you the parts of big machines, how are constructed and covered, what makes them fly, ang many other things real aviators must know. Any bri boy can do it. Ideal Scale Drawings and Building- Instructions show how, and Ideal Model Aeroplane Con. struction Outfits contain everything needed. For 25 cents we willsend you the complete plans (3 ft. size) for any ong Every Boy’s of the following famous aero-

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TESTS SHOW FORD CAN RUN 41 MILES ON GALLON OF GAS The amazing fact that a Ford can run 41 miles on a gallon of gasoline was recently brought to light through tests conducted by America’s foremost engineers. Great strides have already been made in this direction by the recent invention of a simple at- G4 tachment which can be installed in a few min- utes without any alteration to motor. x Winterburn made 41.4 miles on 1 gallon of gaso- line after this de- vice was attached. E. O. Weeks, famous aviator and inventor, , wants agents and will send sample for trial. Write him today at 426-16 81 Eleventh St. Mites, We —— THOUSANDS °1,.0hasny << y made happy cc £ Y With this wonderful Zip-Zip shoot- QipiWY er, something every boy. wants \ YW never gets tired of, Zip-Zip shooter is Wscientifically and practically made; boys, if you like hunting and outdoor sports, get a Zip-Zip shooter with plenty ofpep and force and learn that quick and sure aim. our dealer happens not to ave them, order from us. Zip-Zip shooter complete 85c or 8 for $1.00; send — stamps, coin or money order. at PBC wes AUTOMATIC RUBBER CO, COLUMBIA, S.C The LINCOLN Sport Plane Build and fly it Yourself 100 MILES PER HOUR 30 H. P. Motor ey

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© This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

aces —

— — @m& af Gr.

Page 99

Lz = sia

—s._ | An Bee ee 23u-v >. +v LISONIAIZ SHMAN \sFRESRN SEEIEESIE Sees eesE SSS SELES IES SESS IES Bree (Cas) Ds, AEE: OF sae with TUNGAR Tube Cord and Plug. Your“A” Battery Troubles Ended Requires No Attention This remarkable device keeps quietly working for .you all the time that your set is not in operation. CuaAs. FRESHMAN Co. INC. It is controlled by the switch of your set which disconnects the charger automatically when you are using your radio. And, when you turn off your set it immediately resumes charging the “A” battery again. Foolproof and Dependable Whether it is a radio dance that you are giving or an excited assemblage listening to the results of a World’s Championship sporting event you never need have fear of the broadcasting fading away through rundown “ A”’ batteries; a condition which has happened so many times in the past to prac- tically all owners of radio sets. Our new 48 page book illustrating all Freshman Products is now ready. Write for it free

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Freshman Bldg., New York

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110 ant Westingale Radio in your home POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Free Trial — SA. New ONE Y and use it to your heart’s content on 30 Days’ Trial. Listen to music, concerts; news, sports,. market reports from stations all over the country. Compare it with old style3 or 4 dial _ Sets costing more, then if not convinced that West- ingale gives you the greatest Radio satisfaction and the best value for your money, you don’t have to keep it. NOW! Westingale offers the last word:in Radio. Either 1 or,2-Dial Control — easiest to tune and-years ahead in powerful reception and tone. Newest period type cabinets, two-tone walnut finish. nel embossed in d he front gold with artistic Spanish Galleon design. Un- table for performance, appearance or price. 2-Dial, 5 tubes *472 1-Dial, 5 tubes*57% Where ni Oo you pt so much for the money on r) Why WwW Y take chances? Why ‘ 'e 4 lj eeu SS) er Fs gy, 43 De a a WY \y DSravesc ee _ Ka ZL \y i> YW A TED Your own Radio Free. Get,demonstrator WwW N set = Daas by eB ge up to $100 a week easy. Full or ~ spare time. BUY at COST Be firet—write t unt on first set placed in each locality, for dealers’ discount and full details, ———_—~ —— $25 IN PRIZES See Cash Prize Offer on Page 114 Fat Tens This new self-massaging belt not only makes you look thinner INSTA = —but quickly takes off rolls of excess fat. DET is weakening—drugs are dangerous—strenuo reducing exercises are liable to strain your heart. The only safe method of reducing is massage. This method sets up a@ vigorous circulation that seems to melt away the surplus fat. The Weil Reducing Belt, made of special reducing rub- ber, produces exact] the same results as a skilled masseur, only quicker and cheaper. Every move you make causes the Weil Belt to gently massage your abdomen. Results are rapid because this belt works for you every second. Fat replaced by Normal Tissue From 4 to 6 inches of flabby fat usually vanishes in just a few weeks. Only solid normaltissueremains. The Weil Reducing Belt is en- dorsed by physicians because |} it not only takes off fat, but helps correct stomach dis- orders, constipation, back- ache, shortness of breath and uts sagging internal organs ack into place. Special 10-Day Trial Offer Send no money. Write for detailed description ana testimonials from delighted users. Write‘at once. Special 10-day trial offer. The Weil Company, 102 Hill Street, New Haven, Conn. Giant Chest Expand and Progressive Exerciser yours--and yours to keep. If you want ex- ercise to Just Keep in good shape you can ic solid, muscl strength. FREE INSTRUCTIONS We do not think it enough to send you an exerciser worth double what we ask, but for a limi time, we will also include in- structions absolutely free. These instruc- teresting and simple to follow. you ever saw or your mone; 5 Cables r,double for The doubl st h ~ ~ re exer- ciser resist- Se ance of over HOW TO ORDER--SEND NO MONEY 200 Ibs ail. The price is made low want everyone to enjoy strength at the lowest possible cost. Don’t Tod more--order from us--get the most for your money. Use coupon now. Cecile aeinilanetidialtiienttiebiet lean etal —_ eo ne at a a a om @ PROGRESSIVE EXERCISER CO., i 6002 Langdon Bidg., Broad and Duane Street, New York. THE WEIL COMPANY, 102 Hill Street, New Haven, Conn. Gentlemen: Please send me complete description of the Weil Scientific Reducing Belt, and also your Special 10-Day Trial Offer. . t ft Please send f y= copie} Progressive Exerciser. in Check the Exerciser you want. It will be sent by return mail. a by Pay postman introductory price, plus few cents postage on ar- § rival. If you are not entirely satisfied with your exerciser you | F may return it within 5 days and get your money back. z | b L t Street. City. State. 7 If you live outside the United States send cash with order. See eee SB eS SSE SESS Baas © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. How to File Door Keys (Continued from page 109) Fig. 3. Using a warding file to cut the tumbler wards in a blank door key of the original key as possible. If the original key is available, the making of an exact duplicate merely requires that one mark and file the blank carefully and check frequently. A ward cut too deep will ruin the key. If the key is of the pin tumbler type, clamp the blank and the original key to- gether in proper alignment in the vise COMMON DOOR KEY = x |, aw & eff 2 2 —— Ae n he a zg i wl ie) ago * 42 O kh tw z Z |i] § | BARREL CABINET 1 hab. ay $ 3 - “FLAT STEEL KEY Fig. 4. Warding and lozenge files; four types of key blanks obtainable at hardware stores and file the notches in the blank with a lozenge or other suitable file as shown in Fig. 1. The original key serves as a tem- plet, When the original key is missing and the lock is of the common variety, hold the blank over a lighted match or candle until it is blackened, insert it in the lock and turn it hard, pressing tightly. Re- move the key and file where the soot has been removed. It is impossible for the amateur to fit a key of the pin tumbler type to a lock. A key of that type, therefore, can be made only by copying an existing key. Fig. 5. A hack saw may be used to cut notches when a warding file is not at hand an tie cow a® a on ee.

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vith a wn in . tem- g and , hold -andle e lock vt has to fit lock, made nd (Mhen You Paint Your H 06useé-— WATCH OUT! By Berton Ex.ior K. nots and sap streaks are coated withshellac E WERE sitting by the fireside one evening recently when Mr. and Mrs. Andrews, our neighbors, came over. Mrs. Andrews had a loosely rolled piece of brown paper in her hand, which looked suspiciously like something [had seen before. “Yes, it’s the rest of those questions! she exclaimed, “‘“—the ones about paint- ing troubles we didn’t have time to talk about the last time we were over. How about another session today?” “Shoot!” I replied. “I just feel like a discourse on painting.” “They're all about outside painting,” she continued, looking at her list. “‘ We're going to paint our house this spring and want to keep out of trouble. There were some things that didn’t turn out just right the last time we painted, and we’ve also been noticing some of the painting de- fects in other houses. We want to make sure of having a good job.” 39 “DEFORE you start,” I interrupted, “let me put in one word. The gam- ble can be taken out of painting all right, but please remember it’s a matter of good judgment in each individual case. There’s areason for everything that goes wrong— a way to avoid the difficulties, and a way to remedy them when they occur. The principles of painting are fixed, but the success of any job depends upon applying them correctly to the problems in that particular case. However, don’t be alarmed, folks. All of this is just to im- press you with the fact that painting isn’t s0 easy as it looks, and also that there are occasional cases where the results are not successful even though the application seems to be perfect, owing to conditions which are not apparent on the surface or perhaps cannot be fathomed. As a mat- ter of fact, if you will observe the usual causes for failure and utilize the proper preventatives, you will avoid ninety-five percent of painting troubles. Now, let’s gg “Well, here’s the first one,”’ began Mrs. Andrews. (Continued on page 112) POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 111 Men in every watk of life Watch. now wear Strap Watches Adjusted to the Second; Adjusted to Temperature; Adjusted to Isochronism; Adjusted to Positions ; 21 Ruby and Sapphire Jewels; 25 Year Gold Strata Case; Your choice of Dials; (Including Montgomery R. R. Dial); New Ideas in Thin Cases. Wen, “Approval She Dil Jewel / j Santa Fe Special We will send this famous watch, express prepaid, for you to examine, to inspect, to admire, to approve without one penny advance payment. Examine the watch and be convinced it’s the best watch buy you ever saw. Just a small payment down, the balance in easy MONTHLY payments. You use the watch while paying for it. Save 1/3 to 1 of Your Money By purchasing this Famous Santa Fe Special Watch. Not only are you saving money from the present day prices of watches, but you can still secure the “Santa Fe Special’ Watch, at the same low prices and terms that have made our watches famous. Ladies’ Wrist Watches Artistic, dependable ladies’ wrist watches —perfect timepieces, beautiful hand en- graved cases in white or green gold. Send for New Watch Book and see the new shapes and designs. Sent on approval and sold on payments. Write for “Santa Fe” Watch Book Clip the coupon, fill out and receive the FREE WATCH BOOK just off the press. All the newest watch case designs in white or green gold, fancy shapes and thin models are shown. Read our easy payment offer. Wear the watch 30 days FREE. Watch sent for your examination and approval without a penny down. Nothing to risk. See the watch before you buy. Write for New Book Today and Select our Watch. Mail Coupon SANTA FE WATCH COMPANY 280 Thomas Building, Topeka, Kansas (Home of the Great Santa Fe Railway) JUST OUT! Send for our New Watch Book—Just off the press. It will post you about watch etyles and values. Send for Santa Fe Watch Co. 280 ‘‘homas Bidg. Topeka, Kansas Please send prepaid and without obligation your New Watch Book Freq, explaining your ‘‘No Money Down’ Offer on the Santa Fe Special Se ‘Si ateyiidlersdas bwle.c- for Boys craft Junior. oe es THE PORTER CHEMICAL COMPANY Surprise and puzzle your friends with magic chemical tricks; make ink, dye cloth, test water and soil; write secret letters with invisible ink; pour blue, brown and black liquid from’a pitcher of water. All these and many more chemical stunts are easy with Chem- It’s the best box of fun you ever had! Get yours now. Ovder at once and we will in- : clude the new 1927 “Boy's Hand Book of Chemistry,” a regular ov Hagerstown, © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. F Yas 25-cent book tai 60 pages of acoartimente: doh BOO oF formulae, chemical facts coe AN ott Bs. and money- 19 BAW! Ades 0% WO: get maeccs SSC BAD, asta “all aiSeo™ GO BM ot “BEM The Porter Chemical Co. \ Radio Specialty Co., 96-P Park Place, New York, N.Y. 115 Summit Ave. THIS 68 PAGE || RADIO CATALOG “Butld your own with “RASCO” Parts” Md.

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HAMMARLUND CONDENSERS and COILS

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Ship Model Plans and instructions. Easy to build and sell models. Magellan’s ship, 77c—Hudson’s “Half Moon,” 92c —Clipper, 82c—-Santa Maria, as Ship, 52c—all for SEA ARTS GUILD 405-N ELEVENTH AVE. MILWAUKEE, WIS.

Cards, stationery, labels, paper, circulars, tags, menus, book ete. Save money and time, cut cost in half. Sold direct from factory. , Pays for itself in a short time. Print for Cthers, Bi All easy, rules sent. catalog of presses, Pa, paper, ecards, envelopes, paper cutters. The Kelsey Co., P-35, Meriden, Conn. EXc cEnerar

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

W — You Paint— (Continued from page 111) “T’ve noticed streaked and spotted dis- colorations on many buildings that have been painted only a short time. The job will look fine until these streaks begin to show up and spoil it. What makes them? You see them quite often.” “Well, [ll tell you. They are caused by painting over Knots and sap streaks without first treating them or without treating them thoroughly enough. The heat from the sun draws the pitch out of the knots and sappy places and it comes through the paint coats and forms a dark colored mass. “Knots and sap streaks should always be sealed over with shellac—preferably orange shellac—before the priming coat is applied. While many painters touch

SEAL KNOTS AND SAPPY STREAKS WITH SHELLAC OR ALUMINUM PAINT

BE DRAWN wit A BLOWTORCH AND SCRAPED OFF

SCRATCH OFF PEELING PAINT WITH A WIRE BRUSH AND SANDPAPER WELL

PEELING OF TOP COAT ONLY PEELING OF PAINT TO THE BARE WOOD It is essential to ‘‘seal’’ all knots and sappy spots and remove any loose or peeling paint up these spots with one coat of shellac, any unusual prevalence of pitch and sap stains makes it advisable to coat them over twice. Some painters favor the use of aluminum paint instead of shellac, con- sidering it more effective as a sealer, and also desirable because it will completely hide any surface no matter how dark its color. “Then there is a way to be even more sure that discoloration will not occur, and it is really worth while. over with a painter’s torch all knots and streaks that are excessively sap loaded. The heat draws the pitch to the surface and it can be scraped off with a putty That is to go knife. Then the spots should be sand- papered a little, and given two coats of shellac or aluminum.” “That’s surely very simple—and in- expensive insurance against the spoilage of a fine appearing job,” Andrews. does paint peel? remarked Mrs. “Now, tell me this: Why (Continued on page 113)

© This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. }, _ TELLS ALL ABOUT THE = 24GreatFea of the wonderful Motor-that thrilled the world in its remarkable speed and power. You will want coe especially about “‘The Pilot” —a NEW bal srcind your boat in any Course you cChoose—straig pepe attentinn fs on — Leaves —_ LOCKWOOD FORMERLY BOAT @& MOTOR so offers you many other advantages—im ower, in Specd, 4 Ease of Starting, in Stopping 8 Convenience and Durability. cind out - about dente fore you choose,any Motor. Get the fac WRITE FOR FREE FOLDER ust out — See how Lockwood is blazing the may advanced engineering methods “ by marine engine building experience Le MOTOR Woop 717 Jackson St. NOJOKE TO BE DEAF ~ Every Deat Person Knows That make te! Muith thece Artidciel bare ee

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Ship Model Making How to Make Worth While Models of Decorative Ships By CAPTAIN E, ARMITAGE MCCANN A practical book which tells how any handy person can make models of a Picturesque Barbary Pirate Felucca and a Beautiful Spanish Treasure Galleon. Ship Model Making gives full-sized draw- ings of every part required. This book describes how to make the models, what mate:‘als to use, how to fasten together and color them, how to make the spars and rig’ the ships. ‘You do not need to know ships to make these models, the book describes everything in detail, but you may use yout ingenuity and artistic sense in decorating and can make them larger or smaller that the scale given. Profusely illustrated—Scale drawings Price, $2.50 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 250 Fou.th Avenue, New York City

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY jie Shipshape Home, When You Paint— (Continued from page 112) You sometimes see it peeled off clear down to the bare wood, and then sometimes only in small scales or flakes that seem to be in the last coat.” “Now you've asked something of a question !”” I responded. “There are a number of reasons why paint peels. The reason in any particular case can be de- termined only after a diagnosis of the symptoms. In the first place, peeling is erally caused by moisture. It may he moisture in incompletely seasoned lum- ber. It may be dampness on the surface from a rain, dew or frost shortly before inting. It may be moisture finding its way out from plastered walls that had not a , dried thoroughly before painting. Then . it may be caused by painting over a x sappy, resinous surface that has not been _ 23 rand sealed up by shellac, or by painting over lof enna a greasy surface—anything that causes 0) an imperfect attachment of paint to Y the surface. n,-Mich “If the paint peels off clear to the : wood, even in cases where the surface ie may have been repainted several times y EAF without previous trouble, the fault un- ' ws That | | doubtedly is in the first painting of the Kodel & Crs oF Samy § | building. The original priming coat— the first coat—has not been adhering to the wood, although it has not heretofore broken loose and let go. “Tf the coats separate and the last coat becomes detached from previous coatings, the fault is clearly in some faulty con- dition of the last painting. Sometimes the paint comes off in small scales or flakes. This is generally termed scaling, and sometimes results from insufficient linseed oil in the paint, which is, therefore, too brittle. “While there are a number of reasons for the peeling of paint, you can be al- ‘Operate any radio receiver direct from the light socket. teries. Replaces all bat- Absolutely no hum or noise— gives increased volume, a purer, richer tone. Will last indefinitely. See Kodel Transifiers at your nearest radio dealer or write direct for full information. Five Efficient Models to Serve Any Set! You may purchase exactl the Transifier to fit your needs. Models for ali sets and ail currents . “i & A Mode oe 9 4tare most certain that it will not occur if ie ree ee ee no moisture is present at the time of ar ~helitinmiiatictimmmsmm aa . . . ee ee, Oe rc Cdl“ eOCOC*té«*S,”l OS) Se 62:2 'O6 66 GS6 68 6666 6CO8 600 46.0260 66000066606 6 aCe Oe ° painting, either in the wood, on the sur- . Model 61 “‘B**—Radio’s most popular eliminator for 5 2 face, or inside the house; if the surface is and 6 tube sete 2214 to 180 volts .,...........-.-.. 2 8.50 f ame te Model 10 ‘“*B”’—22% to 180 volts “‘B’’ current; 4 to 12 42 ree from grease and dirt; if knots and Mod ats «Go. Surrent—for any size get. enc sete 50 : ° e ““B"—for use on or volt direct current sap streaks are sealed with shellac; and circuits—for any size set......-... iy = ee aa 25.00 cing if there is a liberal amount of linseed oil and turpentine in the paint, especially in Prices Do Not Include Tubes. , priming coat. ; Lips “As to the remedy: When peeling Qhe Kodel Radio Corporation. ‘ANN occurs, all the loose coatings must be y handy thoroughly removed. In many cases they CINCINNATI o_o OHIO uresque | | Can be scraped off with a wire brush. If ‘ eautiful too bad, they must be burned off with a ——— painter’s torch. Then repaint, being sure that properly prepared painting material He v how b : -— is used under proper painting conditions, WITHOUT Eves lo 'A, s, what § | 22d, as a general thing, it will be better CLASSES’ her and to use moderately thin coats. \ and rig Mrs. Andrews had more questions on NEW INVENTION and NEW - . w ships f | outside painting but we decided to leave KNOWLEDGE of the EYE “BX Biw, easy methods you can leern to play escribes }_ | them for discussion another day. a Sa Entertain yourself and your friends. Its zest se yout iii E BARRETT EYE NORMAL- ac ae elamonnaen orating IZER is the new invention which Free Trial Easy Payments ‘(eh ao Codi er than This is the second of a series of ar- mw thee. SS instrument for band or orchestra. Exclusive, ticles by Mr. Elliot on the many points ‘and thereby retain or canlenameal eyesight. than others. Nrite tot ay for free Bteretere. - that spell either success or failure in The beautiful illustrated booklet on “Better Eyesight C. G. CONN, 2: 232 Conn Bidg. & painting jobs about the house. The Unhampered by Glasses” will be mailed FREE upon re- art, Ind. hext article, also on questions that pa ery cores ser epee “eres eee HLY arise in connection with outside paint- r aol - aaaere mieerrote ONN . ing, will appear in an early issue. 1408 Pushing Seuere Beliding Los Angsies, Coltsorala INSTRUMENTS © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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Giedibenn HIMSELF couldn't be more popular There he is, popularity itself, and ialnobody. six weeksagohewasasoci Now look at him! Invited every- where.Centre ofattraction! Charm- ing all the good times with his BoescH True Tone Saxophone Where are you?*Are you in the picture? Or out of it? Do you ed for attention? the admiration of friends? gay parties? good times with those you like best? All these things, and more, are yours if you will earn your welcome--learn to play this most wonderful of all musical instruments. You Can Teach Yourself If you can whistle a tune, if you can beat time, you can learn to play the Buescher Saxophone, Easily! You can teach yourself, at home, in a few evenings. simple lessons given on request each new Saxophone start you. You learn scales in an hour and start playing: tunes in a week. Your progress will astonish and delight you and surprise your friends. Try Before Buying. Easy Terms Take home with you any Buescher instrument, Trombone, Cornet, Trumpet, Saxophone for six days’ trial. Test it. See what you can do with it. If you like it, pay a little each —_ — as eve Pay. Sat- ion guaranteed. Send —. catalog of any instrument and pind of Siees and payment plans. No obligation. Do this today. BUESCHER BAND INSTRUMENT Co. Everything in Band and Orchestra Instruments 1904 Buescher Block Elkhart, Indiana The Story of the SAXOPHONE Gives com history and tells oe —— is so to to it sill fand the first lesoon chavt. You must have this fine book.

STRUMENT CO. cesenclbbABosecher B Block, Elkhart, Indiana, Without obligating me ‘in any way please | — me your free literature. I am interested in in- i] strument checked below ophone[] rnett) ne 0 Saxopho: Cor "Tram 0 Trombone() Tuba SUNN. 0 ans p66 edtauabes svesoesccgubasta | POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

Jhe Shipshape Home Cold Closet in Window keepers use a cold closet to supple- ment or take the place of the ice box. When one has a window opening from the pantry or the kitchen to the back porch, a convenient and compact closet can be built as shown in the accompany- ing illustration. The window in this instance is a case- ment opening inward so as to form the

IN THE winter many house-

A removable window cupboard that serves in place of an ice box during the cold months door of the completed cold closet. A roller shade not shown in the drawing is fastened to the casing above the window and may be used to screen the contents of the closet from view. The closet itself is made of 34-in. pine and is fastened to the outside window casing with hooks and angle brackets, the weight resting on the outer window sill. The interior is finished in white enamel, Slight ventilation is provided at the top of the box where it rests against the outside window casing. It is a matter of a few minutes work to fit the box in place in the autumn and to take it down again in the spring.—H. J.

BasSEMENT windows, when Basement Window Catch} hinged at the top, can be held open conveniently and quickly by means of wooden hooks cut from 14-in. pine with a coping saw. These hooks are pivoted loosely on nails or screws in the first floor beams or in wooden blocks nailed against the basement ceiling. The hooks can be given a coat of paint or enamel for neatness. Even where basement win- dows are high above the floor, these hooks will catch and release automatically when the windows are raised by reaching up with a stick or broom.—Joun P. Watson.

SWINGING CATCH __

The hook is cut from pine ¥2 in. thick

© This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. So a"a"sn se ns Bradleyometer — ee des oeeine a resistors which age noiseless and not affected by atmos- pheric conditions. ®, Metal parts are nickel a= plated. One hole a mounting. Finish s,and knob match Bradleystat. Made in 200 and 400 ohm on ratings. = Aljen- ny: Ca © = Electric Controlling Apparatus 293 Greenfield Avenue Milwaukee, Wig, Oe “DON’T SHOUT” “*T hear you. I can hear now as well as any body. ‘HOW?’ With THE MORLEY PHONE. I've a pair in my ears now, but they are invisible. I would not know Thad them in, myself, only that I hear all right. - The Morley Phone for the

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164 PAGES—1927 EDITION Shows the latest circuits, the newest Seren. ments in io at startlingly low prices. Get the parts you want here and save money. The best in parts, kits, complete factory -built sets we supplies. Godees filled same day received. Write for free copy Now, a also please send names of one or more radio BARAWIK CO., 540- $59 Monroe St., Chicago, U.S.A.

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z F prili oe aise Hee 4 agnle || 5 ¥ Ze february, 1927 _ POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY _ —— Practica, Booxs THAT WILL RAISE YOUR PAY RITTEN ineasy-to-understand non-technical language these pooks will help you in your chosen trade. Every book is an entire course of instruction condensed into one volume. Thousands of men have ysed them to increase their pay. You will find them full of informa- tion and ideas that will help you raise your pay. Painting and Decorating Ross Crane Book of Home Furnishing and BNI ss eters hao is eles a0 .-Cloth $3.00 House Painting Methods with the Brush and Spray Gun, by Vanderwalker. ere Cloth $2.00 Interior Wall Decoration, by Vanderwalker. | eee Leatherette $4.00 The Mixing of Colors and Paints, by Vander- > 00 ec ois bo ws wg ee Cloth $2. A Show at Show Cards.......Cloth $4.00 Sign Painting, by Atkinson....Cloth $4.00 Strong's Book of Designs SRS ae Leatherette $4.00 Modern Painter’s Cyclopedia. .Cloth $2.00 Automobile Painting.......... Cloth $1.50 New Hardwood Finishing..... Cloth $1.50 Steam Engineering Swingle’s Handbook for Steam Engineers and Electricians.......Leatherette $4.00 Examination Questions and Answers for Marine and_ Stationary Engineers. I ci: 5 0 0:55.60 078-0: Leatherette $2.00 Steam Boilers...........Leatherette $2.00 Swingle’s Catechism of Steam, Gas and Electrical Engineering. .Leatherette $1.50 Carpentry Books Cloth Binding Modern Carpentry, 2 vols.......... $3.00 The Steel Square, 2 vols............ $3.00 Meme PSSCIMALOL. 6... wesc cece $1.50 0 US ee $2.00 Builder’s Architectural Drawing..... $2.00 NEG ore Susie os faye gos giarere evens $1.50 Practical Bungalows............... $1.00 Ropf Framing, by Van Gasbeek..... $1.50" Electrical Books Telephony, Including Automatic Switching, by Smith. 450 pp..... Leatherette Pan 2.00 Practical Applied Electricity........ Wiring Diagrams and Descriptions.. $1.50 Armature and Magnet Winding..... $1.50 Electric Motors, D. & A........005 $1.50 CHECK —the books you want and mail today with your remittance. We will send you the books you order on our guarantee that if you are not thoroughly satisfied with them we will return your money, PopuLaR ScIENCE MONTHLY 250 Fourth Avenue New York Popular Science Monthly Gentlemen: Please send me the books I have checked for which I enclose my remittance of $...... I am ordering these books on the basis that if I am not d my money will be refunded. SEER TS ce se ae REAR ee same size.—G,. A. LuErs. Signals. Ria he ick Sanne To POINT a small screw, place it in a HAMMARLUND “ ROBERTS pin vise, grip the vise in the chuck of a INCORPORATED MEME PD RCC coe eee e recess 0- cseereresesscesece bench lathe and use a file. 1182-W Broadway New York (itor HEN all the lathes are busy, a rush turning or boring job often can be done on the milling machine, using the regular milling vise for hold- ing the tools. ; A glazed wheel wiil not cut properly and is likely to burn the work. When a grinding wheel glazes there is something radically wrong about the way the job is being handled. The wheel may be too hard or the feed may be too fine, or there may be too much oil in the grinding compound. It does not pay to grumble about a hard job; it only makes the job doubly difficult. Never use rosin on a belt to prevent slipping; have the belt shortened or use a good belt dressing that will keep the leather soft and pliable. Always remember that the fellow who loses his head also loses the battle. After setting up a heavy job on a planer, make sure that the work will clear the housings and pass under the cross rail, and also see that all bolts are tight before you start the machine. It is not always safe to set the stroke on a planer while running; many men have been seriously injured while doing this. Play safe and stop the machine before shifting the trips. Brass Center Plates Aid in Assembling Machine Parts HOPS as- sembling machinery fre- quently find it necessary to puta temporary center in the machined bores of journal boxes and similar parts. In place of driving a piece of wood into the hole, which is a com- mon practice, one shop uses a 3-in. brass plate provided with expanding plugs. This is made to fit the size bores used in the special line of machines being manufactured. Once the center is located on the plate, it serves for all holes the CENTER EXPANDED PLATE A time-saving center plate for repeated use 115 Saves50 to*100! MAGINE a radio without os- cillation, without variation of volume on different wave lengths! Imagine a 5-tube receiver with the power of most expensive 8-tube sets! Imagine knife-like selectivity even in crowded areas! And tone quality as clear and pure as the natural unbroadcast signal! That describes the 1927 Hi-Q Re- ceiver designed by ten of America’s leading Radio Engineers! You can build this wonderful re- ceiver yourself at home and save at least $50 over a factory-made set of anything like the same efficiency. Get the “How to Build” book and approved parts from your dealer to-day and construct the receiver designed by Radio’s Master Minds. Send for the “How to Build It” Book— The simplest and most complete in- struction book ever printed. Covers every detall. 25c. Mammarlund ROBERTS Eu TVe rik *High ratio of reactance to resistance. High ratio—Great selectivity—Loud © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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116 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY February, 1927

S.Pat.¢ And Now Announcing ! CARBORUNDUM GRID LEAKS AND COUPLING RESISTORS

Send for the new Carborundum Hook-Up Book D-6 New York «. Cl Boston » Pittsburgh icago

Asso.uteLy noiseless— Do not disintegrate with use or time— No metallic film but instead a solid rod of dense unbreakable Carborundum greatest of all electrical resisting materials. Made in all standard values and tested under actual operating conditions. THE CARBORUNDUM COMPANY, NIAGARA FALLS, N. Y. Sales Offices and Warehouses in Philadelphia + Milwaukee « The Carborundum Co., Ltd., Manchester, Eng Grid Leaks or Resistors from your dealer or one of the direct, 35c. each IN ORDERING PLEASE STATE VALUES REQUIRED Detroit Cleveland . Cincinnati «+

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WARRANTED FIXED RESISTORS HE vital importance of a silent, accurate resistor cannot be over- estimated. Comprising a _ concentrated metallized deposit one-thousandth of an inch thick, upon a glass core and sealed forever within the tube, each Lynch Resistor is warranted absolutely noiseless, permanently accurate, dependable! Guar- anteed accuracy—10%; in production they averate 990. 29: .D% Ts 22 37-43 32> 7: 8: 9: 10 Meg., 50c. .025: .09; .1 Meg., 75c. Single mounting 35c: Double, 50c. If your dealer cannot supply you, send stamps, check or money order. We ship postpaid same day order is received. Dealers—Get on our mailing lis new developments. Wri

e keeh you posted on te us today! » Menmeen 4268S ARTHUR H. 250 W. 57th St. LYNCH, INC. New York, N. Y-

Make More Money Read the Money Making Opportunities on pages 128 to 159 of this issue.

> | World Radio Storage “B” Battery 12 Cell—24 Volt Proved value. Thousands of users find reception almost magical. Clear, true power—instantly and unendingly. Wise economy. Sturdy construction—Soltd Rubber Case protec- tion. Recharged for almost nothing. Endorsed and listed as standard by famous Radio institutions including Pop. Radio Laboratories, Pop. Sci. Inst. Standards, Radio News Lab., Lefax, Inc., and other Radio authorities. What more need be said? Extra Offer: 4 Batteries wn series (96 volts) $10.50. t state number wanted and we will shir Send No Money a eeder is received, by express C.O.D. Pay expressman after examining batteries. 59% discount for cash with order. Remember—you save 50%, on World Batteries. {> SS — ae . —_— WORLD BATTERY. COMPANY 1219 So. Wabash Ave. Dept.80 Chicago, Ill. Makers of the Famous World Radio **A’’ Storage Battery Prices: 6-volt, 100 Amp. $10.00; 120 Amp. $12.00; 140 Amp. $13.00. All equipped with Solid Rubber Case. o — The Old = | Or Tis - f e ee) Jewelers BROS.& CO. F258 Chicago, 849 Genuine Diamonds Guaranteed = Cash or Credit © sure of satisfaction! Buy from Loftis, the Di Pr, ¢ be sure of highest quality and most value for pheno ee gy nd ay mountings are the latest creations in 18-k white gold, elaborately carved and pierced. Satisfaction guaranteed, or money back. Goods sent for on redit Terms: Pay one-tenth down; balance weekly, semi-monthly, or monthly at your convenience. All foods delivered on first payment. Big 132-page book, illustrating our Diamonds, Watches, Jeweiry, Silver- ware, and gift articles for all oceasions, seng ~ absolutely free. Write tod. Waltham No. 846—14-k white gold filled; as- SSS Any Bank or Banker in U. We carry all standard makes of Railroad Watches —guaranteed to pazs inspection. revit il. Uur ring

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rIS} This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the

approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS.

pyaterere SZ wee

(Qs abi oy | Tricks in Taper Reaming (Continued from page 74) and reamer will naturally follow the hole and you will have an imperfect job when you get through. I thought I explained that to you once before—you’ve got to have a truly generated hole to start with if you expect a good job. Look at this rough sketch I’m making (Fig. 2, at right). Here is a boring bar with a single point tool, which should be set to bore a size about one thirty-second smaller than the small diameter of the hole. Then another tool for boring a few thousandths under the small diameter. Next a rough- ing reamer, preferably with left-hand spiral flutes, and a finishing reamer. Both these reamers should, of course, be held in floating holders. The only way to produce a true running hole is to generat it first with a single point boring tool. This is always your starting point for good work. Don’t forget it!” “T guess I’m a kind of a dub,”” Harvey said, somewhat mournfully. “I’m al- ways doing something wrong, but it’s

BUSHING IN CHUCK

ont

— ee a ROUGHING REAMER-E eee ain = => = Waa ) FINISHING REAMER-F

Fig. 3. A bronze casting, which is first bored with a piloted boring bar having two cutters (C and D) and then reamed with roughing reamer E and finishing reamer F because I want to get the work done quickly.” | “You want to think out your job before you do it; then you'll be all right,” the engineer responded. “Now, here’s another taper hole job” —pointing to a number of bronze castings just off one of the side aisles. “These look like something requiring care. Are you going to machine these?” “T guess Anderson will get that job, because that’s his machine right over there.” Harvey replied, “but I would like to know how to do it just the same.” Hore sa blueprint of the work and here are some new reamer: that look as if they went with the job. Whoever made those reamers knew what he was doing—the are just what they should be for the work. Notice the long taper hole (A in Fig 5). If I were going to do this job I would first chamfer the large end of the work (B). Then I should use a piloted boring bar with two cutters (C and D) to remove as much of the inside scale as possible before reaming. Even if the boring bars removed considerable metal, the roughing reamer (E) would have a lot of work to do. That is why it has been made with nicks in the teeth.” (Continued on page 117 |

See page 6.

sup his bor hole can the

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Page 107

February, 1927 netier Shop Methods} Tricks in Taper Reaming (Continued from page 116) “So it will cut easier?” “Yes, it cuts easier because it breaks up the chips into smaller pieces. Then they are easier to get rid of and don't fill up the flutes of the reamer so fast. The finishing reamer (F) is almost the same as the rougher except the teeth are not nicked. The reamers both have left-hand | taper flutes and are not likely to chatter | stuff to cut, Mr. Grimes. as they will not pull in. These reamers are both of the floating type and must be held in floating holders on the turret of the machine.” “T guess that material is pretty hard The tools will | dull quickly, don’t you think?” “TT LOOKS like manganese bronze and if so, the operator should use a good supply of lard oil when cutting it or else his tools will not stand up. Sometimes boring bars and reamers used in long holes are provided with holes for lubri- cant. A hole is drilled longitudinally into the bar and then cross holes are put in to meet the one in the center so as to allow the lubricant to flow out at the points desired.” “We had a steel job a while ago,” Harvey interrupted, “where we had to use an oil drill, but I have never seen a boring bar or a reamer rigged that way. | It must be a nuisance to operate and I | should think a man would have to wear | arranged,” replied Grimes. a bathing suit.” “No, it’s not at all bad, if properly “It can be | connected up with the regular oil piping on the turret of the machine and a stop cock arranged conveniently so the flow of oil can be controlled; or it can be done with a pipe through the spindle. The latter scheme is the better because the direction of the oil flow carries the chips forward and out of the work; they do not get back into the chuck and cause trouble.” ‘| SUPPOSE that with this scheme,” the young machinist remarked, “ you have some kind of a plug in the end of the pipe so the oil only flows after the pipe has entered the boring bar or reamer, “Yes, -a very simple arrangement. But do you realize that lunch time is half over, and you will have to hurry if you don’t want to miss your lunch.”’ “Good night!” exclaimed Harvey, as ie glaneed at the clock and hurried over to the bench for his lunch kit. “This ficiency stuff is bad dope when it makes a man forget his meals!” This is the sixth in a series of articles by Mr. Dowd, who is one of the foremost authorities on machine shop methods. Another article of his will appear in an early issue. Onty the very best grade of oil or grease _ Should be used to lubricate ball or roller | bearings. Cheap oils are apt to injure highly polished surfaces. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 117 6 pep without removing them from set UBES weaken with use, cut down the sensitivity and power of your set, and consume more current. To enjoy top-notch programs every night, keep your tubes always like new. Once a month, for ten minutes, attach a Jefferson Tube Charger to your set. The improved reception— plus longer life of tubes and batteries—are worth many times the small price of $5. Also rejuvenates run-down or paralyzed tubes. Guaranteed, patented, and made On y by Jefferson. Get one today—from your dealer. JEFFERSON ELECTRIC MFG. CO. Largest manufacturers of small transformers 509 So. Green Street, Chicago [PATENTED] ferson w275*Tape Charger Make More Money Read the Money Making Seacctedtinn “i 100 Home Plans Easy! Just connect Jeffer- son Tube Charger to the two’ A’’battery terminals for 10 minutes, once a month, as per directions for large or small tubes. pages 128 to 159 of this issue. Write for Book of Gordon - Van TineHome No. 638, 6 rooms; bath. Materials, Plan-Cut. $1795 eeud. —— — Down Comes Building Cost Through the Savings of Machine Sawing! By the Gordon- Van Tine Plan-Cut system we saw, cut and notch the lumber according to specially drawn plans, by power-driven saws at the mill. Carpenters start framing and nailing at once. You save as much as 30% on labor, the costliest item in home-building. And machine-accuracy insures the tightest. staunchest type of construction! We supply complete plans, drawn by skilled architects. There are over 100 charming designs. Many built-in convenience features to lighten housework. One guaranteed price covers all materials according to specifications. No extras. No waste lumber. Plans conform to al) city building codes. Buy Direct-From- Mill— Highest Quality Wholesale Prices We furnish only highest Big volume, the use of pow- quality material—backed by er-driven machines, operat- our twenty year satisfaction ing on one small profit, give guarantee. 200,000 pleased you benefit of wholesale prices. customers, Write or Mail Coupon for Book Gordon-Van Tine Co., 909 Case Street, Davenport, lowa Satisfaction Guaranteed or Money Back Please send me Catalogs. This 140- Page Book shows photos, floor-plans, speci- direct- lam interestedin . fications, from - mill prices 4 Name ...... on 100 PLAN-CUT Gordon-Vantline siniece i EDEN ORME ORR CSE PRR Garages, Summer . (Established 1865) Cottages, Poultry e Houses. PLAN-CUT Homes r1S} This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Page 108

118 Wet CELLARS MADE Dry from the Inside! Diigo are unsan- é Ye yY ceuars ‘ langer to Loalth and a to store valuable material. Where water or moisture seeps 1n rough cracks or porous spots in the fl - walls, you can make and keep r cellar dry and sweet—a fit place to work, free from odor, mold and filling tl — ind COa urfac HOME~“AUTOMOBILE ao ay REPAIRS » On No. / | the one vaterproof- ou Cal ip- urself, easily ’ from the inside, to wet or dry surface nd wit every iS- e of thorough tness, even . J Write for 1 V¢ a- FREE BOOK Excellent also for patching concrete flo stable and vi om floor k s, cisterns, ) nks, water troughs, fountains, { ponds, swimming pools, manure pits, ete t 25 Pp 1 [ O No. 7 are each 100 square la C vered, 4 peri e 1s necessa plete instructions pa ape sold in 5-pound cans and , 50 and 100-pound kegs. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY | poo MeTa@ds | 8 Q eyo) s fanin) anrern INK) @ Centering Jaw for Miller Vise By Henry Simon HE vise jaw illustrated below was especially designed for use in the in- dex slotting or milling of disk-shaped work. It possesses the advantage of being simple and of rigidly supporting the piece under the cut. It is adaptable to work having either centers or a central hole or recess. The jaw consists of a block of cold rolled steel exactly similar to the regular jaw ex- cept for its greater thickness and some- what greater height. Near its upper edge is bored a hole in which one of several centering devices can be located. In the main view, the 60-deg. eenter is shown in use. This consists of a cylindri- cal body from! to 7% in. shorter than the thickness of the jaw, formed with a center in front and recessed behind for the re- - One sia = 60 CENTERING wa ARBOR --~— SCSSSSTSSSSESSSESSSSSSSSSSSSEEESSSEEEESES ESE EESeeeeees SMOOTH-ON MFG. CO., Dept. 58, 574 Communipaw Ave., Jersey City, N. J. Please send the free Smooth-On Repair Book. Quote] . lbs. of Smooth-On No.7. Return this coupon for FREE copy of Booklet 2 2,,4,",*," a” ate ee" ata", a" ae ne * ‘| THE PERFECT GRID LEAK Provides a noiseless range of grid leak resistance from 1¢ to 10 megohms. Assures most effective grid leak resistance value for all tubes. Small grid conden- ser (0.00025) is sep- arate. Metal parts nickel plated. One hole mounting. Electric Controlling Apparatus 293 Greenfield Avenue Milwaukee, Wis. #*,"." a” ae 2.7.8 a”, a* a” a” a" a” a”, a” a” a”, a” a", a”, "Me a) ey aM aMea"e"e” Mat aMate"s"eMe"e"s"s"e"s"s"a"e"s"s"e"e"s"s eee ee oe eee i The work turns on a center or arbor, carried in a special jaw that is made to fit the vise ception of a very stiff coil spring. The center engages the hole in a free sliding fit and its movement is limited by a check screw extending into an annular grovve formed in the center body and enough wider than the screw to allow the desired amount of play. By means of this center, work may be located accurately and at the same time hela in a full vise grip, thereby allowing the heaviest cuts to be taken. If it is desired, a pointer or indicator made of sheet metal may be mounted somewhere on the jaw as an aid in indexing. Where there is a hole or recess in the work instead of a center, arbors such as those shown separately can be easily made in a variety of diameters and quickly sub- stituted for the center. All that is neces- sary to do this is to remove the check screw, When the center can be pulled out. The arbor can then be held against creep- ing by tightening the check screw lightly. As the jaw is not otherwise greatly different from the standard, it can be left in the vise between indexing operations unless some job comes along which necessitates its removal. Some mechanics know, some have for- gotten, others, perhaps, have never known that an application of chalk upon a coarse file makes it cut more smoothly and uniformly.—G. D. H. February, 1927 Make Your Own Radio Set POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY publishes re- liable blueprints of radio sets. These set give excellent results and can be made by anyone who is handy with tools. One Tube Radio Set Blueprint No. 41—Price, 25 cents Describes a simple, one-tube regenerative receiver of the fixed coil type. The regener- ation is controlled by a variable condense: and does not affect the wavelength adjust- ment. Quality of reproduction is excellent because no audio frequency current flows through the tickler coil. The coil is hand wound and the rest of the parts can be of any standard make. Three-Stage Amplifier Blueprint No. 42—Price, 25 cents Describes a three-stage audio amplifier to be added to one tube set of No. 41 to obtain loudspeaker results. Is equally useful with any other standard one-tube detector cir- cuit. Consists of one stage of transformer coupling, followed by two stages of resist- ance coupling. Volume control is simple and does not affect quality of reproduction. Thi blueprint does not describe a radio receiver ~it is simply an audio amplifier to be used in connection with a one-tube radio re- ceiver. Blueprint No. 43—Price, 25 cents Describes a sisting of one amplification, a regenerative detector, and two stages of transformer coupled audio receiver con- radio frequen four-tube radio stage of amplification. It gives the greatest power for distance and volume that is obtainabie from four tubes. Easy to build, uses any } } standard parts except the coils, which simple to wind by hand. Two control tun- ing and regeneration does not afiec! wavelength adjustment. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 250 Fourth Avenue New York City IS} This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. February abe C , nD able f for ye illustr. A he by 6 il DR The it ca then board passes washe holder Pig How ie Ol there woody the n Loeners break, rm alig nv, a to su clamp to bin Mi

Page 109

February, 1927 (eer Shop Methous! Convenient Holder for | Drawing Ink Bottle B. gers many styles of com- mercial ink bottle holders are avail- _ able for the drafting table, I have used | for years a homemade one of the type | illustrated. | A hole is bored ina piece of wood 1 by 3 hy 6 in. to receive the bottle. The holder | The bottle rests in a block fastened so that it can swing underneath the drawing board then is attached beneath the drafting hoard by means of a lag screw, which passes through a wooden spacer. Two washers are placed as shown so that the holder will swing smoothly.—A. D. D. Pipe Sleeve and Babbitt Used to Repair Broken Hub FRACTURED PIECE . ‘ -— 2-PART PES SSS SSS SSSSSSs BABBITT= How the broken hub was reinforced with a casing made of steel pipe and Babbitt metal HIS particular hub happened to be on a horizontal boring machine, but there are similar brackets on printing, woodworking, and other machinery, so the method of repair shown should be generally useful. In place of welding the break, which would have necessitated the re-aligning and re-babbitting of the bear- ig, a pipe sleeve was made in two parts to surround the hub. Washers were clamped on the ends, and babbitt poured to bind the parts.—G. L. Multiple Edged Parting Tool for Light Brass Tubing A CHEAP S cr 2. - saw at- tached to a holder by means of a small bolt solved One cutting - off tool problem | economically, The Job involved the cutting off of thin brass tubing. When one tooth of the saw became dull or broke, another was This trick is useful only when the tube wall is thin.—R. H. Kasper. SLOTTING 2 slotting TUBE IN LATHE CHUCK For cutting tubes used, POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY This 84 Page 2 F.VoR Com: sole) .% The Guide to Radio prices and Radio Quality. Our vast resources and radio experience have utilized to assemble in one gigantic institution, the best and newest things in radio. The Randolph cata- log isthe great radio market place—a masterpiece of merchandising that befits our house— The World’s Largest Exclusive Radio Mail Order House CATALOG CONTAINS OVER 2000 ITEMS, from the most beautiful, fully equipped console radio set, down to the smallest part or tool for the set builder — kits, parts and supplies of every type and style. All beautifully illustrated and interestingly described. Also valuable data of today’s most fascinating and most wonder- ful achievement—RADIO. §-TUBE SETS AS LOW AS $24.90 LATEST 1927 MODELS : All Randolph sets are sold at amazingly rd golem, ie — 1 you want to pay-you ca select YOUR SET AT YOUR pons eTsasquscenslerssssss cone Conte SP SESE SOON RANDOLPH RADIO CORPORATION WE SAVE YOU MONEY 22:2" we handle # 130 N. Union Ave., Dept. 219 Chicago, Ill. radio exclusively g and sell a tremendous volume of everything in Radio. we Send me— free —your 84-page, 1927 Radio Book. ean concentrate our buying power for the benefit of our a customers. os SEND FOR BOOK TODAY 699707 een this wonderful Radio Book. Simply send letter or postal & and this bargain catalog of guaranteed radio sets and g supplies will come to you absolutely FREE. | RANDOLPH RADIO CORP.; z.r.p....... 180 N. Union Ave., Dept. 219, Chicago, Ill, : in Armen ono oe ee oe ee ee oe oe oe 4 ‘i ABR RRS eee eee ee ee A 2c Stamp Advice for Popular Science reader i f ™ —will start you on the road to success. . s regarding safe and profit See Money Making Opportunities on able investments. See page 6. pages 128 to 159. = ae it C KATE AUK UXaeT IIIT XU XUASAIKEALANAIII:» .e © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the |}NSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. pesssse' Pe SSSSESSSSESSSStSssSssSscssesesesssssssessseses? KUMUKKUUAE CUCU AKU ee ce reece eee cecrrerer Abraham Lincoln and the Harmonica On one of his journeys for a debate with Douglas, Abraham Lincoln picked out of his pocket a little har- monica and played upon it, seeming to get happiness in the playing there- on. Says Carl Sandburg in “Lincoln, The Prairie Years”: ““Someone re- marked about his playing on the harmonica and he said: ‘This is my band; Douglas had a brass band with himin Peoria, but this will dofor me.’” Cutting Tool in One HE chisel edge on theend of the claw makes thisham- mer a cutting tool of a hundred uses, without altering the claw fea- ture. Small side claws make it easy to pull nails in close corners, The off-set position of the nose gives far greater leverage—pulling ten penny nails with ease. A perfectly bal- ancedone pound ham- mer forged of tool steel. If your dealer cannot supply you write us direct. Price $2.00 CHISEL-EDGE-CLAW HAMMER COMPANY H, A. Ayvad—Deprt, E, Hoboken, N. J., U.S.A. RURAA RRA UAREAAKUKKA AKAIKE III TESTE SRST SSS SE CEE SS CESS SS SSes eS Seseeees, Back in the days when Abraham Lincoln was engaged in his world-famous debates with Stephen A. Douglas,the Hohner fac- tories were engaged in making “The World’s Best” Harmonicas. Today, HohnerHarmonicasare available at lead- ing dealers the world over. Ask fortheFree Instruction Book. M. Hohner, Inc., Dept. 182,114 East 16th St., New York City. KUMERUUAU EAU AAAUIAUA KAITAIA My OREN ESUUVUNENEL SIRE UKETUIIIIT ExXxxXX (Fas PES PO POOP OPP eeesessesessssesessesel

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY February, 1927 Harlan Tarbell Master of Magic who has mysti- fied magicians as wellas iaymen with hie marvelous tricks, Astonish Your Friends — Gain that magnetic popularity that makes you the center of any crowd. Business and social success is assured the man who can perform mystifying tricks. You can earn big money either on the side or as a professional, as well as being the most popular per- son in your crowd. Why envy others’ skill? You can learn Magic yourself, quick and easy. Earn Up to $1000 a Month Even sleight-of-hand, generally supposed to re- quire long practice, is hen simple to learn. For Dr. AB ow ma one of the really Great Magicians, has finally opened up the secrets of his profession in a completely illustrated course offered at a merely nominal cost. Through the wonderful Tarbell System you will be able to mystify and entertain your friends with simple tricks taught in your very first lesson. After that Dr. Harlan Tarbeil takes you through the entire maze of sleight- of-hand, card tricks and elaborate stage diver- tisements. The apparently superhuman doings of the accomplished magician becomes as simple as ABC when you just know how, Maii Coupon fo Special ‘Offer ! : There is a tremendous demand_for magic entertainment. Clubs, Lodges, Charity and Social affairs—all will pay high fees to the man who knows Magic. Dr. Harlan Tarbell really gets as high as $250 for a half hour’s work right now. Opportunity everywhere to make money aside from your regular occupa- tion. Salesmen find it a tremendous asset. Find out all about this unprecedented oppor- tunity to learn Magic. The coupon brings full details without any obligation. Mail it TODAY. Tarbell System, Inc. 1926 Sunnyside Ave., Studio 13-62 Chicago Tarbell System, Inc. 1926 Sunnyside Ave., Studio 13-62 Chicago Tell meall about Dr. Tarbell’s new and simple system by which I can learn the secrets of MAGIC. No obligation on my part. 4G E2282 828588 825558 ORE EEE | Eee xeticr Shop Methods| Old Bill Shows How to Measure “Fits” By James E tis ISGUST replaced the smiling expres- sion on Roscoe’s face as he hunted for a file. The customer, who was wait- ing for a pulley he had just bushed, was nervously pacing the floor near-by. Old Bill would be out wanting to know if the next job was ready! But there could be no mistake about it: the bushing Roscoe had pressed into this pulley was too small in the hole, and must be filed out before an unfriendly audience. At noon the next day the boys would josh him about it. The game isn’t worth while, he thought. Old Bill came out at length, and saw the difficulty, noted the annoyance of the Soon “You have let yourself in for a good kid- ding,’’ Old Bill remarked, with a kindly smile waiting customer, and observed from the corner of his eye the grins the other machinists were exchanging. When at last the unlucky pulley had been fitted to its shaft, the disconsolate Roscoe turned his attention to the next job. Old Bill gave him a few instructions and then added, with his usual kindly smile, “You have let yourself in for a good kidding at the hands of the boys!” “T know it,” Roscoe admitted. “Well, the next time you have some- thing like that bushing to do, show them that you can do it right the first time. You got along very well until it came to making the press fit. The run- ning fit in the hole was good, for I saw you try the bushing on the shaft, but you allowed too much on the outside, which made the bushing close up. It is usual to allow one thousandth of an inch to every inch of diameter for a pressed fit, but if it is a bushing or a fragile hub, you cannot leave so much. “On your bushing you should not have allowed anything, but should have made the two parts what we used to call ‘iron and iron,’ which means that both the hole and the shaft, or bushing, are exactly the same size, or as nearly so as we can make them. “To get fits like that you will have to cultivate a very (Continued on page 121) ‘CARTER ) “Midget” Rheostat 50c Self-cooling All Metal Freme (Half Size) No moulded parts to crack or break. Resist- ance element is clamped in place and held tight. It cannot move and short circuit. Smallest mina® Rheostat made. All resistances in- yew = cluding R.M.A. Standards. Any dealer can sup}ly In Canada: C: Canada: Carter Radio Co., Limited, Toronto ES Radio S. RACINE AVENUE Sl ve ed ICL., U.S.A, A touch and its done all you need is heat—and Kester Metal Mender. It’s ready to use and with it you can do your own soldering at home as well as an expert. Full direc- tions with each can, enables nd body to Solder. KESTER METAL MENDER CHICAGO SOLDER COMPANY 4201. 327. Wrightwood Av Ave., Chicago, U.S.A. st © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. Dyke’s Automobile Encyclopedia Entirely Rewritten, Rearranged and Illustrated Greatly Enlarged; 1238 Pages, 4143 Illustrations A PRACTICAL ee _ FOR EVERYBODY The Repairm will find this 6 a ready reierence oat guide The Auto Owner will know how to diagnose troubles and when repairs are done right. The Student learns the fundamental principles, the key to a succe il repairman. Ra = ee Etna This Book Will Teach you to Become k , and repairing engines 4 rretors Me : carbure eo rear axles, d tires, et trical I tion, gen ing mot ’ batteries, ete. any tro moat RAE wet nosing uble will be easy. DON’T WAIT—Order Now! Cloth $6—Limp American Morocco $7.50 Postpaid POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 250 Fourth Ave. New York City See page 6. Feb se pe Wi if lo ti; as WwW La. s(

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ity

February, 1927

jRatter Shop Methods|

How to Measure ‘‘Fits’’ (Continued from page 120) sensitive and delicate ‘touch.’ You must train yourself so that you can detect the point where the calipers barely touch the work, and do not slide across it. Now, if I could illustrate what I mean, it would look about like this.’

tight as tight as a Old Bill quickly made a sketch like Fig. 1 “T have been having the calipers rather .” the machinist remarked while Old Bill was sketching with chalk, ““—about micrometer seems to be when the ratchet slips.” “There is where you have been mis-

taken,” Old Bill returned. “‘A micrometer is strong and stiff, and will not spring to TOUCHES LIGHTLY ja AT THESE POINTS, —<2t

FIG.1 Two sketches like those Old Bill made to demonstrate the correct use of the calipers amount to anything, while a pair of cali- pers Is very limber and can be forced a thirty-second over size without affecting the setting. You can use this fact to advantage sometimes, but for an ‘iron and iron’ fit, you must barely touch the work, and have the inside and outside calipers just barely touch each other when you are transferring the size.” “But on that bushing it did not seem so tight,” the machinist commented. “The point of a caliper will slip very easily on smoothly turned work, and does not have to slip much to make a big dif- * Old Billsaid. *‘‘For instance” — Old Bill pointed to the circle he had drawn “if one point of the calipers is held stationary with the other point barely touching, as in this sketch (Fig. 2), and then it is foreed over the shaft until it again barely touches (the distance marked ‘drag’), we can measure the distance be- tween the two points and compute the amount the shaft is larger than the dis- tance between the caliper points. “You can make use of this idea in turn- ing pressed fits, though you do not have to measure and figure each time. Just remember that a three-inch ‘drag’ on a twelve-inch shaft will give an increase in size of ten thousandths and that smaller shafts are in proportion.” “You mean that for a three-inch shaft I would divide the ‘drag’ by four and get three-quarters of an inch?” “That's it exactly,” Old Bill replied. “And the amount of the allowance would he divided by four and give you two and a half thousandths as the increase in shaft size resulting from the ‘drag’.”’ “But suppose I wanted to make a hole slight amount larger, as for a running ference,” fit.” the machinist queried, “could I take the same rule and let the calipers = . - “99 ave ‘play’ in the hole? Yes. It is the same, or practically tor both inside and outside work.’ tte SO, POPULAR SCIENCE met 121 “It’s dead easy to learn to play | Lyon & Healy Sax’ y Says Conrad say “Tf you ever thought you'd like to play some mu- sical instrument, take my advice and get a Lyon & Healy Sax. It’s dead easy to learn. Try it and eres agree with me.” ONRAD NAGEL, popular screen star, hero in “Tin Hats,” “The Mysterious Island,” and other Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer feature films, pictured above playing a Lyon & Healy Saxophone—his advice is worth listening to. Why envy the other fellow his good times, popularity, extra spending money, when you can enjoy the same things, too? If you can whistle a tune you can play this new Lyon & Healy Sax. Amazing Beauty of Tone! You will learn quickly on a Lyon & Healy because— with over sixty years’ experience in making fine musical instruments—we have simplified the fingering, made it easy for you to play, easy to produce full, rich tones. That’s why amateur musicians like Conrad Nagel pre- fer the new Lyon & Healy. Leading professional play- ers, too, telegraph us their congratulations and orders, delighted with its accurate adjustment, improvements in action for hair-trigger finger work, exactness in pitch and resonant and mellow tones. It is completely

FREE This fascinating, illustrated Saxo- phone Book will open the door to Instructions! new fun, friend- Use coupon for de- ships, money for tails of six-day, free you. Mail the ¢:ia1 in your home coupon today for Biesiaalt FREE your copy plan, Also of our jade in Lyon & Healy’s own factories and guaranteed 5 7 quick, easy, Teach py this, the most famous music house in the world. Yourself’? Course. Easy Payments! Discover how easy it is to purchase one of these profes- sional instruments on our special time-payment plan. Many write they pay for theirs out of extra pocket money earned by playing as they pay. We also make the world-famous Lyon & Healy Trumpets, Cornets, Horns, Banjos, Ukuleles, Mandolins, and a M, 1 f; , Tell us in which instrument you are interested. Now! coupon y LYON & HEALY, I Factory Sales ne — Jackson Blvd., Chicago Division lease send me FREE, your remarkable new Saxophone Book and on full details of your special ‘Easy to pay while you play’’ offer. Name -* decree ened me Unobtainable any- where else. Teaches you to play tunes be- fore learning written : music. Free, with a CY Lyon & Healy Sax.

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122 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY February, 1927 PLASTIC WOOD Marvelous Invention that Handles like Putty— 1 Hardens into Wood Use PLASTIC WOOD for filling holes and cracks, making casters solid in chairs or wherever wood needs repairing. As it comes from the can, PLASTIC WOOD can _ be molded in the fingers. It hard- ens on exposure to the air and can be worked with woodwork- ing tools or turned ona lathe. PLASTIC WOOD will adhere to metal or tile surfaces as well as to wood—nails will not split it—takes paint, stain and varnish. If your hardware dealer cannot supply you with PLASTIC WOOD write to the factory— Y% Ib. can, 35c; one pound can, $1.00. ADDISON-LESLIE COMPANY 30 Boliver St. , Canton, Mass. PLUMBING and HEATING BUY AT WHOLESALE SAVE HALF Send coupon for FREE bargain catalog. Explains our new easy method and _= shows everything in highest grade Plumbing Outfits, Heating Plants, Water Supply Sys- tems, Pipe, Fittings, ete. For 50 years we have been saving our customers hundreds of thousands of dollars and now we have made arrangements so that you can BUY ON EASY TERMS. | FREE Pianning Service All-Cast Pipeless Furnace Send us a rough sketch of yourrooms id we will figure the wholesale cost of Hes ating Plant or Plumbing Out- fit designed « cantata to fit your “en Kinks and Wrinkles and Savings that will surprise you. With our simplified plans an id new easy Years in usineke HARDIN-LAVIN co. tablished 1876 876 = 106-16 W. Pershing Rd., Chicago ae AIL THE COUPON NOW!seeescsess Seeteeeeeeeecaaas etenae on jer Lavin Co.,106-16W.Pershing Rd.,Chicago,M.,P.S.2-27 -sntlemen il nen eae asd your FREE BARGAIN CATA- LOG wit pecial wholesale price I am interested in: Heating Plant Plumbing Outfit NAME ADDRESS P.O STATI Big on late mode: rwoods, povela, L.C. Smiths, sUnderwood ete.—per- fect machines expertly remanu- factured by the**Y oung Process’’ guaranteed like new for five earn. a. Shipped Si Girect from our . you a saving. : Our r tke ihastrated” cata talog S sent free and without obligation to buy. Write for yomnteien. 1.1422 y Devt 2 v Young Typewriter Co. 654 W,Hgndolph St., Chicago, Ill, Werter GSa@gy Mietiaocs tel A maintenance shop of one of the largest electric railways, the fitting of journal boxes to the re-trued axles of subway trucks was an expensive problem until the boring bar shown below was developed. The boxes are of the type illustrated; they are babbitt-lined and machined on the top surface only. The axles are 5 in. in diameter when new, and are discarded when worn to 434 in. As the babbitt is worn, the bearings are exchanged for others recast with new lining in standard size molds, scraped and fitted—a very simple matter in the case of new axles. But in the case of journals that are worn less than standard, yet still above scrapping size, to produce the required fit was not so easy. As no two journals, even of the same axle, are ever worn alike, and they pre- sented such a large variety of different sizes, it was out of the question to pro- vide a mold for each. It was then decided to babbitt and bore the bearings to fit. After a little thought, I developed the boring bar illustrated, which is ‘now being used with great satisfaction in a 19-in. heavy duty lathe. The floor-to-floor time is ten minutes a bearing. A fixture was made to hold the boxes on the carriage of a lathe, aligning them by the finished top surface. The boring bar was designed to be rigid, easily re- moved from the machine, and convenient to operate. It was decided that one held so the Special Bar Speeds Hard Boring Job By Atsert M. Tuomas BORING BAR ADJUSTING SCREW WASHER An ingenious boring bar for finishing the babbitt-lined journal boxes of railway trucks by the live spindle only was most suitable, construction was arranged to secure rigidity. There is a taper shank on the bar to go into the spindle, and the bar is further supported by the split collet arrangement shown. The working end of the bar has a cross- sliding tool block adjusted with a screw, | and provided with a wedge to lock the tool. The tool is set for the correct diam- eter by using a micrometer from. the point of the tool to the surface of the bar opposite. This dimension is equal to half the finished diameter of the hole, plus half the diameter of the bar, plus a clear- ance allowance of .005 in. Work Holding Screw Posts Save Wear in T-Slots N THE accom- panying — illus- tration is shown a type of screw post for planer or mill- ing machine work that will hold se- curely and, when properly fitted, will not damage the slots no matter how tightly the T-SLOT IN PLANER BED This damage the T-slot screw is turned, Four screw parts generally comprise a set. post cannot How to Treat Oily Leather on a Friction Clutch OST friction clutches on machines have a leather face on the idle side which is gripped by the driving side. The leather in time will absorb oil and, as is often the case, the machine starts slowly atid also loses speed in operation, thereby decreasing the production. One good cure is to wipe the surface of the leather with gasoline and rub dry with waste, but at times this is expen- sive because of the time lost through stopping the machine. Another method is to slip a crescent-shaped piece of sand- paper between the driving and idle face with the smooth surface of the sandpaper next to the leather. Still another method is to dust lime between the two surfaces while the driving face is in operation and the leather-covered face is_ idle. After a few dustings the oil will be cleaned from the leather sufficiently to allow the machine to start quickly and drive steadily.—H. E. Wrenricu. A Drill for Cramped Quarters EW repairs are more annoying to undertake than the replacing of a stud that has been broken off in a place that cannot be reached, even witha ratchet drill. A piece of hexagon steel fitted with a drill at one end and a feed screw at the other will sometimes save the day, as it can be turned ina very small space. i if G (lt {ttt i | >| in an es tight place Drilling pecially © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See wage 6. Febr ill siz ba: fev aby Cas Ina eo « Gm. | hol thre ber dri Is roc otl pie is at wit alice | for | tha wh low

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February, 1927 Be Sil ter (@))0) SIA » Methods| Foot Press for Garages and Small Shops MALL punches or riveting tools can be used in the simple foot-operated press illustrated. Designed of commercial bar sizes with two 2 by 2 2 by *s in. angles fora hase, the entire press can be made with few tools. It has a capacity of punching about a 14-in. hole in !5-in. steel, and will easily set up brake band rivets. The machine is bolted to the bench with four H FILLER '[ MEO NIOk E «i_° Ot 0) lo aa) | 1B I. | | i a 4 bn . 5 7 ty Ane a une = TAL ine get | | Sh —~ i} wo ies G | | 14_ $e] x [io ' : Ta Y Cin 3 ino! | 6] ¢ ~ es | This light press is made of bar stock and angle iron with a minimum of machine work bolts, and is set so that the die hangs over the bench for greater convenience. All bolts used to hold the various mem- hers together are 7 in. and should be driven into reamed holes. Lever A, which is 34 by 134 in., is connected through a rod at one end to a foot lever, and at the other to link B, which is made of two pieces of 14 by 134 in, steel. The lever C is 34 by 214 in. and is dressed to a radius at L so that the pin K does not have to carry the load. The ram is made of 14% by 2 in. stock with a slot at the upper end for the lever C and a hole with a set screw at the other for the punch. Guides at M and N insure that the ram moves straight. Pin k, Which is 4% in. in diameter, should be a loose fit. Pin J is 1 in. in diameter, pin F while the remaining pins are 34 all being easy, running fits.—F. N.C. Is “8 in., E Spindle Nose Extension for Milling Machine | COME TINGS the set-up for milling \ inachine operations is such that small end mills, drills, or boring tools do not project far enough over the table to reach the work. The ex- ae uae tension shown was -~ avs |. Toots devised to over- es. —| QO = come this difficul- . Fe ty. It has a shank caves to fit the spindle NDLE- and a taper hole to For tools that must take the tools. If ect considerably the milling ma- ; chine has holes in the end of the spindle for fastening arbors, a flange should be put on the extension lor these screws. This makes a very rigid Connection, . While the extension is primarily useful lor tools that must project some distance, it also may be used in place of the usual taper sleeves, which frequently run out so much that only light cuts can be taken. Ki INK N. & OAKLEY. eC... POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 123 Look for » ; Kurz-Kasch Pointer standard equipment best radio receivers. generous proportions hand perfectly. Made of Bakelite. Sold separately by the better radio dealers, everywhere. Knobs are on the ver They are of and fit the Kurz-Kasch Vernier Port Dials are made of Bakelite. Calibrations are accurate and are easily read through the window. Simple friction action can’t slip, clog, wear out, or get out of order. These dials attach to condenser shafts by the patented Kurz-Kasch Split Bushing that grips—never slips. this Qs VERY genuine Kurz-Kasch moulding bears this insignia. surpassed When you buy any products or equipment utilizes. plastic mouldings, of quality sure that quality has not been compromised in other important constructional details. More than two hundred responsible turers—among them the leaders in many indus- tries—now use and endorse Kurz-Kasch Products because of design and precision. —look for Mark! guarantee of un- craftsmanship that look for this mark Then you may be It is your quality and before you buy. manufac- efficient the their uniform high quality, So, if you want best this mark of quality. THE KURZ-KASCH COMPANY Moulders of Plastics Offices: Los Angeles, Portland, Spokane and Denver DAYTON, OHIO New York, Chicago, San Francisco, KURZ ® KASCH cAnstocrat Dials and Knobs WADE bogey LATH & ap. in. dia. x 12 in. fe nth. 4 sittie rest has trav el entire length of bed, : Lead-screw inside bed. nod * Hollow spindle. Turning, x facing, boring, drilling, “i igs thread cutting. No. Lat sag 28.00 > A : No. 2 Lathe, back-geared headstock - - - - - - - rf pane te line of ace ow ris 3. at e ft equally ially AY ay gue es, Catalog a at Dept. P. Ss. 18, 1201 iberty Sener New York A 2c Stamp —will start you on the road to success. See Money Making Op- portunities on pages 128 to 159. ae! “Saving Money on Home Repairs Tells how to repair furniture, work, leather, crockery, etc. —the easy way wood- china, linoleum, with Sure-Grip Glue. Sure-Grip is the glue used by most Manual Training Schools for difficult work. Get a can from your de aler and learn how easy repairing — can be done in your own home, The work will be permanent too If your dealer cannot sup- ply you, and a large three-ounce can and the book “‘The Art of Repairing in the Home” will be mailed to you, postpaid. SURE-GRIP ADHE- SIVES, Inc., Dept. M, Albany, N.Y. send us 25c You Can Build This Ideal mg Workbench —Yourself > / HE pleasure of working with tools at home is greatly increased if you have a strong substan- One that drawers and tool cabinets is a constant incentive tial bench with a good vise. also has to keep tools in order and give them the care and attention the y deserve. \ blueprint of the Hom full size details send > Wor wt kes of materials kbench illus- trated, with may be obtained by ing 25 cents to — enc SCIENCE MONTHLY 250 FOURTH AVENUE 1S] This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. NEW YORK See page 6.

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124 D ted Make Things at Home | with Speed Way Shop! A compact and efficient electric work shop driven by the famous SpeedWay motor. Equipped with Eight Motor Driven Tools Gives you a complete Lathe, Bench Saw, Jig Saw, Portable Electric Hand Saw. A portable or stationary power drill, equipped for buffing, grinding and cleaning. Attach the Speed Way Shop to any light socket and you have a completely equipped tool and machine shop Only $10.00 Down A small down payment, balance in easy monthly payments, puts one of these efficient machine eee shops in your own home. 10 Days’ Free Trial Our free trial plan enables you to test out this shop in your own home. If it does less than we claim for it send it back. Make Things at Home with this shop—you can make attractive furniture, novelties, toys, radio work, bric-a-brac—countless other useful pieces. Don’t Delay— -Write Today Write for full information on the Speed Way Shop. The shop is a money maker for the small job man and fun for the man who makes things at home. Writetoday. Free BluePrints Write for list of working blue-prints that we furnish free with each Speed Way Shop. Electro-MagneticToolCompany 1830 S.52nd Ave.,Cicero, Il. (AdjoiningChicago) Manager, Dept. 52: Please send me particulars | about 10-day free trial, free blue-prints and $10 down | payment. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY February, 1927 he reached Alaska, starting with both’ships being nearly wrecked, his ill luck began. He sailed south, but the jinx pursued him, and he put into Botany Bay sick and discouraged. -Twenty-one men had been drowned, twelve had been slaugh- tered by natives, and his long boats had been lost. In a dispatch to France he stated that he was making a run to the Friendly Islands, after refitting his ships. That was the last communication ever received from La Pérouse. His two ships sailed out of the Bay and vanished as if they had been whisked into another world. Because of the French Revolution, it was three years before an attempt was made to search for La Pérouse. Then two vessels were fitted out and embarked on the hunt. For two years the expedi- tion cruised the South Pacific, meeting with the worst fortune imaginable. It encountered trouble with the natives; suf- fered the ravages of disease and famine; both commanders died; and finally the crew ended up as prisoners and the ships as the spoils of the Dutch, with whom war had broken out. T WAS forty years later that what is possibly the true story of La Pérouse’s doom came to light. Peter Dillon, while anchored off Tucopia, a small island of the New Hebrides, was attracted by a silver sword guard carried by a lascar whom he had befriended. On closer in- spection he thought he could discern the initials of La Pérouse engraved upon it. He was informed by the lascar that many like articles were in the possession of the natives of Vanikoro, and that they had come from two ships which had been wrecked there years before. Dillon at once decided to sail for the island and rescue such of the crew as might survive. But again the nemesis of La Pérouse descended: Dillon’s ship became leaky; his food spoiled; and he was becalmed for days. After much hardship, he put into Calcutta, where he reported his findings to the Bengal Government. HE East India Company lost no The only automatic self adjusting filament control, supplying at all times just the cur- E Insures 100% tube Safeguards against damage, rent your tubes require. performance. Zliminates hand rheostats. Simplifies wire | ing. Insist on Amperite. Refuse substitutes claimed just as good. Price $1.10 complete. Radial] Co., 50 FranklinSt., New York City Write Dept.P. S.2 for FREE Hook-Ups SPORT BODIES for FORDS at FACTORY PRICES! This $3050 Write for Bookle Moa lels. SPORT FACTORIES, Aurora, Illinois © This seal on a radio, tool or oil t A-10 Showing Other time. Dillon was immediately put in command of the Research for the pur- pose of conducting an expedition to Vanikoro in quest of the missing French- men. But no sooner had Dillon received his commission than he learned that the | company, in which he had his entire fortune invested, had failed, leaving him | penniless; and from the date of her sail- ing the Research was bedeviled. The chief officer became insubordinate; the clerk deserted with the ship's money; the crew mutinied, and many of them jumped ship. It was only through pure luck that the vessel ever reached Vanikoro at all. Once on the island, axes, knives, and silver forks were found in the hands of the inhabitants, and this is the story | which was told to Dillon. According to the natives, many years before two ships had been driven ashore by a hurricane and | wrecked. The crew of one of the vessels | had been massacred by the savages, to the Receneenes Mysteries of the Viking Trail (Continued from page 15) last man. But the men from the other boat, more tactful, had managed to gain the confidence of the natives and were al- | lowed to land in safety. The survivors lived on the island for a time, while they constructed a ship from the wreckage, in which most of them sailed away. ‘Those | who remained, had long since died. Such was the story. It seems to solve | the mystery of the lost ships of La Pé- | rouse, although it is not conclusive. | Even more puzzling is the mystery of | the Mary Celeste (wrongly and often | called the Marie Celeste) over which men | have wracked their brains for fifty years. T STARTS in December, 1872, when | Captain Boyce of the Dei Gratia | sighted off the coast of Gibraltar a brig | running aimlessly before the wind, apparently sailing itself. The captain's telescope disclosed the name, Mary Celeste, but not a man on deck. When his | repeated signals went unanswered, Boyce ordered the lowering of a boat, and the | strange ship was boarded. Cautiously the captain led his party | through the vessel, suspecting mutiny, and watching for treachery at every step. He was at last forced to believe what his eyes told him—there was not a aboard. The ship was sound and in as good condition as if she were fully manned; not a thing was out of place; there was nothing to suggest that life on the boat had been interrupted—save that | there was no life. The cargo was in perfect condition. Food and water were in abundance. Clothing remained in the sailors’ chests, undisturbed. The cash box had not been molested. Nowhere was there a sign of a struggle or of any disturbance what- soever. And—the ship’s boat hung on its davits! How, unless the crew had been sucked into the sky, had the ship been abandoned? soul | | NTRIES had been made in the log | of the Mary Celeste up until ten | days before she was salvaged by Captain | Boyce. During that time she had kept | to her course and covered a distance of | more than 400 miles—unmanned—which | is unbelievable. It has been suggested | that someone remained on the ship for | several days after the last entry was | made, and that is most probable. | This only we are sure of: The Mary Celeste left New York for Gibraltar carry- | ing ten persons, including Captain Briggs. ne his wife and daughter, onal the crew. bore a cargo of alcohol. It was he derelict near Gibraltar, in perfect con- | dition, without a living soul on board. There has never been a more perfect | mystery. Not one word was ever rece ived | from any of the crew; nor has any theory | vet been advanced which explains with | satisfaction the reason for the abandon- ment or the manner in which the slup was deserted. There have been rumors and traditions and legends galore. There have been explanations, both ridiculous and ingenious, but not one of them has stood up under investigation. burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. Febru sl bh 1 Hil TO J Our A selling or par of Met dyne f wholes days’ opport (|| || | || ||| 1 (0!) ter— f¢ a i Mr. Howa Gorka, is though they We are o1 yne sets Which giv ME 2161-"

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February, 1927 gid =. 00 0; BIG PROFITS TO AGENTS AND DEALERS Our Agents and Dealers make big money selling Metrodyne Sets. You can work all POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 1Tubhe Set nole Dial Radio ONLY ONE DIAL TO TUNE Wonderful Offer Direct from the Factory! A perfect working, single dial control, 7 tube receiver. And just to prove our claims, we will ship it to your home lor 30 days’ free trial. Test it under all conditions. Test it for distance, vol- ume and tonal quality — and if you are not convinced that it is the best single dial set you ever heard, return it to the factory. We don’t want your money unless you are completely satisfied. Metrodyne Super-Seven Radio A single dial control, 7 tube, tuned 125 Retail Price *75 Completely Assembled Big Discounts l to Agents and Dealers 2 An easy set to operate. Only one small knob tunes in all stations. The dial is electric- or part time. Demonstrate the superiority = of Metrodynes right in your home. Metro- dyne Radios have no competition. Lowest a wholesale prices. Demonstrating set on 30 = ba a (|) ||! | | ||| days’ free trial. Greatest money-making opportunity. Send coupon below—or a let- ter— for our agent’s proposition. = ||) | radio frequency set. Approved by America’s leading radio engineers. Designed and built by radio experts. Only the highest quality low loss parts are used. Magnificent, two-tone walnut cabinet. Artistically gilded genuine Bakelite panel, nickeled piano hinge and cover support. All exposed metal parts are beautifully finished in 24-k gold. ally lighted so that you can log stations in the dark. The volume control regulates the recep- tion from a faint whisper to thunderous volume, 1,000 to 3,000 miles on loud speaker! The Met- rodyne Super-Seven is a beautiful and efficient receiver, and we are so sure that you will be delighted with it, that we make this liberal 30 days’ free trial offer. \0u to be the judge. 00085050 0; 30 Days’ FREE Trial Metrodyne Super-Six ‘nother triumph in radio, Here’s the new 1927 model Metro- cyne 6 tube long distance tuned radio frequency receiving set. Ap- y leading radio engineers of America. Highest grade low ts, completely assembled in a beautiful walnut cabinet. operate, Dials easily logged. Tune in your favorite station tly on same dial readings every time. No guessing. ward, of Chicago, said: ‘‘While five Chicago broadcasting stations iir I tuned in seventeen out-of-town stations, including New an in F rancisco, on my_ loud speaker horn, very loud and clear, as owSea They were all in Chicago.”’ Pade one of the Pioneers of radio. The success of Metro- whiet ets is due to our liberal 30 days’ free trial offer, ‘ch gives you the opportunity of trying before buying. 1S Net Todynd RETAIL PRICE \ assembled. y MAIL THIS COUPON = or send a postal or letter.Get our proposition before buying a radio. Deal direct with manufacturer — Save Money. METRO ELECTRIC COMPANY 2161-71 N. California Ave. « Dept. 152 + Chicago, Illinois © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. Mail COUPON Below! Let us send you proof of Metrodyne quality F. L. Warnock, Greentown, Ind., writes: ‘‘I received the Met- rodyne in good shape and am more than pleased with it. Got stations 2,000 miles away.”’ C. J. Walker, Mariposa, Calif., writes: ‘‘Received my Metro- dyne Single Dial set O. K. believe that these one-dial sets are going to be excellent sellers. I had no trouble in tuning in stations enough to satisfy anyone, so you will please send me another set.’ Roy Bloch, San Francisco, Calif., writes: “Very often we travel from New York to the Hawaiian Islands quickly — from station to station— by means of the little tuning-knob which operates the electrically-lighted dial. The Metrodyne Single Dial Set is much easier to operate than any radio set I’ve ever scen.’”’ We will send you hundreds of similar letters from own- ers who acclaim the Metrodyne as the greatest radio set in the world. A postal, letter or the coupon brings complete information, testimonials, wholesale prices, and our liberal 30 days’ free trial offer. BERBERS ASR TAREE SHR OBE we If vou are interested in AGENT'S prop- osition, place an “X” in the square @> 8 & METRO ELECTRIC COMPANY H 2161-71 N. California Ave., Dept. 152 oT Chicago, Illinois @ Gentlemen: - Send me full particulars about Metrodyne 6 tube @ and7tubesets and your 30 days’ free trial offer a H Name ~— - 4 @ Address ? a 3 & a §

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Peering under. the Earth’s Crust (Continued from page 40) Atoms are the little giants of science. Their average diameter is about one ten- millionth to one hundred-millionth of a centimeter, and a centimeter is a third of aninch. These tiny particles dart about like shooting stars. Each atom is like a miniature solar system, having a nucleus, like a planet, and electrons like satellites about it. What a “bunch” of atoms looks like may be illustrated by a cluster of wooden balls, each having three flats upon it, permitting the balls to cling together in a formation resembling a bunch of grapes. This is Sir William Bragg’s means of demonstrating the atoms of bismuth crys- tal. In crystals the molecules are more closely attached to one another than in gases and liquids. In gases they move to and fro independently, while in liquids they are always in touch with one another, though changing partners. How to Breathe (Continued from page 35) Exercise 4. Stand erect, holding stick (broomstick is ideal) across the front of the thighs, hands about a yard apart. Inhale slowly, raising the stick with straight arms up in front, over the head and down in back until it rests across the buttocks. Exhale slowly, at the same time return- ing the stick to the starting position. Re- peat five times and bring the hands nearer together on the stick as the chest and shoulder muscles become more flexible. In this exercise the mechanical stretch-

cient in stretching, limbering and raising the upper chest and expanding the upper part of the lungs. Exercise 5. Stand erect, arms held horizontally at the sides. Bend ward at the hips, knees straight, at the same time exhaling and bringing the arms forward to touch the toes with the finger- tips. From this position rise slowly to the upright, inhaling slowly and bringing the arms out again to the horizontal pos'- tion, at the same time tensing the muscles of the lower and upper back and forcing the arms as far back as possible. Repeat five times. The skeleton, while it supports the and held erect by the very muscles 1 supports. This exercise develops an up- right spine and erect shoulders. Exercise 6. Lie flat on the back, legs straight. Lift the legs a few inches from the floor, at the same time inhaling deep!) and slowly in the chest, using the dia- phragm as little as possible and expand- ing the ribs as much as possible. Exhale slowly. Repeat five times. This final exercise develops the strength and coordination of the muscles between the ribs so that they can operate regularly. Note: Mr. McGovern will be glad to furnish free a chart containing a com- prehensive exercise system if you will write to him in care of this magazine,

enclosing a stamped addressed envelope.

© This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

ing from without and the complete lung | expansion from within are especially effi- | for- | muscles, must in turn be bound together |

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February, 1927

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY CLARENCE ACKLAND Farmer’s Son ELECTRICITY Without Books or Lessons In 90 Days **Today I am making more money than ever before in my life. Many days I have made as high as $25 clear.’’ That’s what Clarence Ackland, farmer’s son, does in Wt. Brooklyn, IIl., in just evenings and spare time. Coyne electrical training has brought steady jobs, big money, and spectacular success to thousands. No matter what your age, schooling, experience or job is now, investigate the amazing oppor- tunities open to you. See How Quick You Can Fiarn $60 to $200 a Week 90 days a mighty short time! But in those brief 12 weeks, Coyne tr: une can make you a master of Free R. R. Fare—Free Radio and Auto electricity. We couldn't begin to do it with books, Electrical Courses—If You Enroll Now or printed lessons. We couldn't hope to do it by Coyne is your one great chance to get into electricity. correspondence You don’t need a speck of experience. You don't We bring you to Chicago, with free railroad fare, need high school education. R. R. fare to Chicago is we assist you to a part-time Job, and we train you . free when you enroll. And we help you to part-time in the great we yps of Coyne on real dynamos, work while training. We have removed every ob- generators, power pl vate, autos, engines, batteries, stacle. And right now I am including FREE Automo- house-wiring, et« the greatest outlay of electrical tive Electricity and Radio courses apparatus ever assembled If you really want more money .. . if you want a NOT By Correspond real future for yourself or your family, this is your Here—and nowhere else in the world—can you get hour of opportunity. You ean find out everything such training Here, we can give you years of actual absolutely free. Simply mail coupon for the big, free experience in 90 days. Here, we can teach you far Coyne Book of 150 photographs... facts . more than an ordinary electrician ever knows jobs . Salaries... opportunities This step does not obligate you. So act at once. Send for This FREE BOOK j/ of Amazing Opportunities SSCS SSRSSSERRRSSESESESEEESSESSEESEESESEE SESE eee eeeee Mr. H. C. Lewis, Pres., Coyne Electrical School, Dept. 27-73, 1300 W. Harrison St., Chicago. Dear Mr. Lewis: Without obligation, send me your big free catalog and all details. I understand I will not be bothered by any salesman. 9 Don't worry about a job. Coyne train- A Job? ing settles the job question forever 60,000 additional electricians are needed every year Our employment bureau secures dozens of positions every week! We give you tree employment service for hfe and back you for life thru’ our well organized graduate Seperacee p Boys not old enough to vote step And ay? 8 into steady jobs paying $50 and $60 a week A d 7 t 9 Coyne men have thousands n u ure ; of opportunities to make $5,000 to $10,000 a year . LEWIS, Pres. COYNE ELECTRICAL SCHOOL Name Dept. 27-73, 1300 W. Harrison St., Chicago Address Preece. 28th Year—Founded, 1899 City... wee eee eee a February, 1927 TRUE STORIES OF SUCCESS Whether you want to be an electrical engineer or a salesman, an auto mechanic or an accountant, whatever your amlbi- tions you will find an advertiser in this | section who can help you. Like thousands and thousands of other readers of PopuLarR ScrENCE Monti) he found the answer to his problem through one of the schools advertising in this magazine. Not only is Mike Kellner learning a profession that will mean a greatly increased income but, before hi has completed his studies, he has * enough in spare time money to pay for three courses.”” Following is Mr. Kell ner’s letter which wins the first prize of $10 this month. Contest Editor:— The advertisement that interests me mosi in the Money-Making Opportunities Section is the L. L. Cooke School of Electricity oper- ated by Chicago Engineering Works because —electricity offers man a great opportunit) A skilled electrical expert will earn as much money or even more than any other trade. It takes daring men to work on some of the hig! tension lines. The Chicago Engineering Works is a large institution, and they have their courses up-to-date. They have a consultation service which enables any man to find out some of the various troubles which are not easily found. This is all free with the course. I have been taking up this course for a yea! and am about through with it. I have earned enough of spare time mone) to pay for three courses. Before I took up the course I looked through the PopuLarR SclENCE Montucy for a good course and I think I got very good course when I picked L. L. Cooke's. Yours truly, Mike Kellner, New Stanton, Pa. The man who feels that his greatest chance of success lies in selling people will be interested in the success story of a relative of Mrs. W. L. Grubbs who found his money-making opportunity through the National Salesmen’s Training Asse- ciation. From $125 a month, pol months of the year job, to as high as $120 ina single exceptionally good day is the story told in the letter which wins the second prize of $5. You, too, can achieve as big a success as either of the men whose true stories carned | are told above. Whatever your ambitions | vou will find in pages 128 to 159 of this | magazine the advertising of schools and publishers that will help you. Go through the advertising columns of this Money- Making Opportunities Section and write today to those advertisers who you be- lieve can help you most. It puts } you under no obligation—and a year from now you may be writing success letters like those quoted. (Continued on page 1”! $4° Dear! a 5-p my in oabo Befor ours Than iranc New

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February, 1927 * $475 a MONTH Dear Chief: Ijust bought a 5-passenger sedan and my imcome now amounts oabout $475.00a month, Before I took your { ourse I never made ver $50 a month. Her- man Wittenberg, 1930 Grand Concourse, Bronx, New York. $20 a DAY “Mr. Cooke, 1 didn't know a thing about Elec- tricity when I sent the coupon for your free book, I was getting $3.00 a day as a farm hand. Now I make over $20.00 a day—some days much more than that—I have only you to thank for my success." Edward Leh- mann, 1521 Market St., Oakland, Calif. MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION You Fellows who want Picture Him As He Once Was: Wages, $15 a week; profession or trade, none; education, only that of a grammar school. It would seem that the only things in store for him were hard work, small pay and an uncertain future. Now See Him Eight Months Later: He has become master of a trade; he has a business of his own; his net income is almost $500 a month. He is looked up to in his community, respected, and hig are still greater things in store for im. Cooke Training Did It! “Who is this fellow?” you ask; ““What does he do?” He is Herman Witten- berg, 1930 Grand Concourse, Bronx, $800 in 23 Days ' have finished a big con- tract n a power line. Did pre dc : n 23 daysand cleared py oe wasn’t for the nowledye I eines from i ir course I could not ee done it. ‘‘Earl R. fe trose,’’ Mono Lake, Carr Mill Creek Plant, New York City, an Electrical Expert. But his name makes no difference. It could be Ed. Lehmann, Earl Montrose, John Wright or—YOU. It could be any one of thousands who have mastered Electricity the Cooke Way. For Cooke trained men know what it means to win success—to receive big pay envelopes, large incomes, important executive positions. They are Elec- trical Experts—know this fascinating profession as the lawyer knows law, as the doctor knows medicine. BIG PAY FIELD Think what it would mean to you to be an Electrical Expert—a Cooke trained man. Why, you'd be running into big-pay opportunities wher- ever you turned! For here is an uncrowded field, a big, world industry. where ability is quick to be recognized and rewarded where thousands of Cooke Trained Men earn $3,500 to $10,000 a year. A fine education isn’t necessary. Simplified Cooke Training is all you nee?—the famous tried and proven Work Sheet ana Job-Ticket Method of Chief Engineer Cooke. And you learn in your spare time—at home—with five big Work Out- fits to help you. Every step is made clear. Be- fore you know it you'll be making real money doing spare time work. And then the next step is a permanent BIG-PAY Job—the kind you've often dreamed about but never dared think could be yours. Send for FREE Book— on ELECTRICITY This big, valuable, 64-page illustrated book, pre- pared by Chief Engineer Cooke, shows the way to Big Pay. It describes the famous Cooke Method of training men—tells how electricity can be mastered easily and thoroughly—reveals opportunities now existing for you in this big, vital industry—yes, truly opens the door to success. The book is profusely illustrated, in- tensely interesting—the SURE WAY to BIG PAY. Send for it today. Mail the coupon to L. L. Cooke, Chief Engineer, L. L. COOKE SCHOOL OF ELECTRICITY Owned and Operated by the Chicago Engineering Works, Inc. Chicago Big Pay AN UNCROWDED i) ' «' eres aN Opportunity To Learn to Earn $3500 to$10,000 a year-and More Chicago, Illinois. agent. — L. L. Cooke Chief Engineer **Electricity’s most Popular Teacher"’ L. L. Cooke, Chief Engineer Dept. 32, 2150 Lawrence Ave., Ss I want the proof. Send me your free book on Elec- tricity and other information regarding your training and employment service so I can decide for myself. [ understand this is to be sent me by mail—not by an 129 Name... Address City State..

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130 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION I'll teach you in 24 hours NOW FREE! This Book Showed Me How How would you feel if your salary suddenly S7,000__ jumped seven times 6.000 eg r than gos ~~ F That is exactly what ‘3 -000__. happ« ned to O. ‘ 4 000__ Jones of Missouri after 93, 000__ reading this amazing s2 000 book—now sent free to . as everybody. An un- 1. 000_ usual case? No. I. L. $ 750— §G Palmer went from $3 a § 500— day to $4000 a year. I. J. Walsh went from $20 a week to $7285 last year. C. V. Cham- pion became President of his company at a salary exceeding $10,000 a year! And all of them started by reading this free book! The Secret of Big Earnings Many of the successful men in the world today are successful salesmen. And every man is a salesman. If you want to make big earnings, you must learn to sell yourself. You must absorb the methods of saying and doing things that make men act as you want them to act. There is no more false statement made than the old saw about ‘‘salesmen are born—not made.’’ Salesmen are made—not born! This free book shows how! Big Demand for Master Salesmen Master Salesmen are at a premium in American business today. They are never out of work. They can command their own salaries and their own time. They vel and see the country —the world. They dress well, live in the best homes, drive their own cars. Aren't these rewards worth going after? How We Help You Succeed For nearly twenty years, N. 8S. T. A. training has been devcloping Master Salesmen. The National Demonstration Method—an exclusive feature—gives you the equivalent of actual experience while study- ng t home Our success in training inexperi- enced men into powerful salesmen Is sO world-famed that thousands of leading business houses have called on us to s ly them with salesmen. This service is free—and e have placed thousands of men in good- paying positions Send for This Free Book Don't sa I can’t sell’? until you find out whether you t This free book, “‘Modern Salesman- s that master salesmen can be made, regard of personality, education or previous selling experience. Send tor this free book right now. I | National s alesmen’s Training Association " | Dept.8-15, N.S. T. A. Building, Chicago, UL. | | Send r free illustrated book, ‘‘Modern Sales- | | \ rt me how your training can increase Phis does not obligate me. | | I | | | | | | l | sta | \ ) ipa | True Stories of Success (Continued from page 128) a IIIT isi iii iii iii 525 in CASH PRIZES For the best letter of 170 words or less answering the question— ‘‘What advertisement in the ‘Money-Making Op- portunities’ Section inter- ests you most—and why?”’ we will pay on March 10th the following— CASH PRIZES First Prize $10.00 Second Prize 5.00 Third Prize 3.00 Seven Prizes of $1.00 Each 7.00 First read every advertisement in the Money-Making Oppor- tunities Section on pages 128 to 159. Pick out the one that in- terests you most and then write a letter—not exceeding 170 words telling us why you find the advertisement you have selected the most interesting. Entries for the contest will close on February Ist. The prize winners and their letters will be published in the April issue of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. Address your letter to Contest Editor MONEY-MAKING OPPORTUNITIES POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 250 Fourth Ave., New York PRIZE WINNERS in the December Contest FIRST PRIZE $10.00 Mike Kellner, New Stanton, Pa. (Chicago Engineering Works) SECOND PRIZE $5.00 Mrs. W. L. Grubbs, Sheffield, Ala. (National Salesmen’s Training Assoc. THIRD PRIZE $3.00 E. C. Greene, Gallipolis, Ohio (La_Salle Extension University PRIZE WINNERS who receive $1.00 each for their letters: Gustav Hieb, Eureka, So. Dak. (Brightman Auto Parts Co. R. J. Hubbard, Strawberry, Ark. (Washington School of Cartooning Parke T. Rushford, New Martinsville, W. Va. International Correspondence Schools Frank A. Schneider, Wheeling, W. Va. Columbia University) Frank G. Davis, Springfield, Ohio National Poultry Institute) Clara Jones, Henshaw, Ky. merican School Mrs. A. E. Greham, Moline, Il. Tarbell System, Inc.) PITTI ee February, 1927 £ ta 444 4h he os aa nlf she bul nah ; es oy abil AM MBA SL 507 JEROME LAMA read my ad only a year ago. Today he is a Star of NINE big radio sta- tions. Photo takeninW RNY, Radio News Studio, N. Y. Once a Machinist— Now a Stage Star! A *EAR ago Jerome Lama was a ma- chinist in New York. Tonight, in full dress suit, he will entertain thousands, to thunderous applause. Labor has changed to pleasure. Pleasure brings fame and for- tune. Over Radio Stations WJZ, WOR, WNYC, WHN, WRNY, WOKO, WMCA, WEAM, and WEB], millions have heard Mr. Lama. Mysterious music is his secret. You could believe it is a violin, but it isa MUSICAL SAW. Anyone can do it. In 24 hours, you can play with unbelievable sweetness. Then quickly learn the latest yazz and song hits, operatic and classical music. Folks crowd around, curious and wondering, for it is a musical miracle. 5 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL To prove how quickly you can learn, I will send you for 5 days’ trial, an exact duplicate of my Musical Saw, special tempered, that I made for Mr. Lama. No notes to read, no dreary practice, no musical knowledge needed. Just three short simple lessons reveal every secret of success. Startling Popularity — Big Money Thousands have already learned — mystifying and fascinating their friends, invited everywhere, achiev- ing startling popularity, opening the way to profes- sional success, Let me tell you about these delighted, money-making Saw Musicians whose music rivals the violin. Let me prove that you, too, can quickly play like a professional. Writeme today. Play at the next party! MUSSEHL & WESTPHAL 269 West Water Street, Fort Atkinson, Wis. c. J. Mussehi, | Pres. Mussehl & Westphal | 249 W. Water Street Fort Atkinson, Wis. J Without obligation to me, i send me, postpaid: () Free Trial 4 ‘aie i honograph Reco — 10c §, cover Exndling and postag i if you want record.) ¥ Write your name and address here: J Februz Get t Amer chart an ed tion, you Stan here | ident leges, leadi ecuti of th the i fer. vouc This on te dolla for o “Whi FREE our 3

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February, 1927 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION A Twin Service or Training mployment Placing you in a good, well-paid Position o4° Preparin ss) Ambitious you for a better job va anda Raise / Men in Pay F You Are Now Earni ° vow Earning 0 into or Less— I guarantee to prepare you for a fine Drafting position, right O. C. MILLER Director Extension Work AMillion Dol- lar Institution Back of This GUARANTEE Get this straight—the Learn Drafting—how to make and read plans, and the doors of opportunity in all mechanical, building, and engineering lines Arsericnss Siiea ae in your home, in your spare swing open for you! There are more well-paid Drafting jobs open chartered in 1897 as time; then I guarantee to help today than in any other one profession or trade. There’s a variety, an educational institu- you find such a position pay- a fascination to Drafting that will grip you. No other work is so tion, not for profit. So ing at least 50% more than : : ; fi ff i weg ore _ rtuni- you will find the same ls cumar hiclea, Walia: a interesting, so well paid —no other field offers equal opportu — re rng Prom eiceprn days after you complete this ties for quick promotion. ident schools and cole training, or I will refund the t * lees. Over 200 of the small amount you pay for tui- Th D fi m leading Engineers, Ex- tion. We make this agreement € rarts an is ecutives and Educators to prove this instruction will the Boss of the Works! Destroy blue-prints and plans, and the wheels of all Industry will stop until new ones can be made. Every move of every work- man on the job is controlled by the Draftsman through his plans. Railroads, public works, buildings of a hun- dred sorts, machinery, electricity, automo- biles—all manufacturing and construction start on the Drafting table! That’s the kind of work to get into, friend. Where you have of the U. S. prepared make you a real Draftsman. - ‘Thee ct — Back of this guarantee are ce fl — lity the entire resources and rep- Ci é utation of this million dollar This is available toyou dene veut institution, ; Z { the same chance as anybody else to make a on terms of only a few Ging Lesson ta quick success! dollars a month. Write vgnize the need of guaranteeing ; . contract, if the training fails to , ontract, 1 ‘ain 1 accomplish the benefits y: x- ; : l io tmarstetctSs la . pies: sanang agaromeanpcoigir immated——e e . wil help{ou to a better fos and ctu . J at home in spare time! Free in celebration of our 30th Anniversary. Free Job Service for our souvenir book, “White Magic,” given The American School is the first in the home-study field to rec- 4 raise in pay or it will cost you nothing. To better carry out this das You'll be surprised how qui.kly you can important service, we maintain Ps rae 4 é . onge employment depart- “or learn Drafting by our new one-step-at-a- nent which keeps in touch with } * i Je st; , i i the employers of Draftsmen all — time method. We start you off doing over the U. 8. All this without xtr oe toour'students and es, eradua actual Drafting room jobs from the very beginning. Before you know it, you are batting out professional plans like a vet- eran. Get the first three lessons—the cou- pon brings them. Do them. Test your , x ability to master Drafting at home. LRG Without cost or obligation. a / JE BE ee EH @& Z— O.C. Miller, Director Extension Work American School, Dept. D-275 Drexel Ave. and 58th St., Chicago Your offer to send me 3 lessons free and facts about the oppor- tunities in Drafting and about your course, looks good to me, It is understood I am not obligated in any way in making this request. Professional Outfit GIVEN! You will naturally expect the American School to give you the best kind of instruments and tools with the best kind of training. This outfit is good enough to use professionally after you finish your training. Mail coupon for description. Sy OS a Street No._ =: ee City = i a a aR a Dept.D-275 Drexel Avenue 58th Street, Chicago

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132 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION February, 1927

Opportunities for Readers im Quick Action Advertising .

cAdding “Machines FREE trial Marvelous tracts, Multiplies, Divides automatically. $300.00 machines. Five year guarantee. Price only $15.00. Write today for free trial offer. Special: $3.00 Pocket Calculator, only $2.00 cash. Lightning Calculator Co., Dept. O, Grand Rapids, Mich

Calculator. Adds, Sub- Work equals

Advertising Services

ADVERTISE in 24 metropolitan dailies, 24 words $15.00. Helpful Guide listing 1l0v0 publications, 4¢ stamps. Wade Company, Baltimore Bldg., Chicago 24 WORDS,-151 rural weexlies, $6.04. Au-Mey,er 4112P Hartford, St. Louis, Mo COPY that gets orders Folders, booklets, etc., that pull Hewson, City Centre Building, Phila ADVERTISERS’ Manual: New edition. Inside informa- tion for advertisers. Postpaid, 50c. Economies Publish- Y

ing Co., Dept. 54, 1475 Broadway, N MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells “‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.’’”. You'd like to know, wouldn't you? Manager, Classified ay Vode weg Popul: ur Science Monthly , 250 Fourth Avenue, New Yor ADVERTISE in 215 Co-operative magazines 8c aa A. Barnes P. Helena Ark

cAuthors and Manuscripts

$88 FOR Ideas. Photoplay Plots revised, critic ize, copyrighted, marketed. Seud for free booklet. Universal Scenario Company, 238 Securit Bldg., Santa Monica & Western Ave., Hollv wood, Calif SONG Poem Writers —Seid xr propositior Ray Hibbeler, D10, 2104 N. Keystone Ave., SONG Poems Wanted \ rite, aaabeoed Thomas Box 327, Norwalk, Ohio I WANT song poems. Casper Nathan, J-3544 No. Racine, Chicago 14 RIOT PARODIES, $1, on late hits, “ alencia,’’ Horses,” ‘‘Katinka,’’ “‘Bab Face,’ ete. Francis |

Rates 30 Cents a Word. A 10% discount is allowed on all contracts for six consecutive inser- tions. Advertisements intended for the April, 1927 issue should be received by Feb. 5th. Direct to Smokers—Cigarettes

SEND 10 cents, silver or stamps for sample package of 20 fine cigarettes. Large pocket tin Spec _ smoking

‘Business Opportunities

BECOME a Foot Correctionist. A New Profession not medical nor chiropody. All the trade you can ettend to; many are making $3,000 to $10,000 yearly, easy terms for training by mail, no further capital needed or goods to buy, no agency or soliciting. Address Stephenson Labora- tory, 10 Back Bay, Boston, Mass.

tobacco 10c. French Tobacco Company Dept. States- ville, North Carolina. Distributors Wanted WORLD'S fastest selling auto accessory. County distributors wanted; Oiler Co., San Diego. write to-day. G. L. W h C + Spring California

WANTED—Representatives in every factory in the United States. Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York.

SLOP plodding! Be successful. Operate a tire repair shop. Make big profits in any locality. We teach you and furnish complete equipment, $100 up. Book of Oppor- — free. Haywood's, 1306 South Oakley Avenue, 11cago PATENTS procured: Trade Marks Registered—A comprehensive, experienced, prompt service for the pro- tection and development of your ideas Preliminary advice gladly furnished without charge. Booklet of in- formation and form for disclosing idea free on request. Richard B. Owen, 44 Owen Bldg., Washington, D. C or 41-Z Park Row, New York WE Start you in business, furnishing everything. Men and women, opportunity to earn $35 to $100 week- ly operating Ragsdale’s original ‘“‘New System Specialty Candy Factories’’ anywhere; wholesale or retail. Big commercial candy book free. W. Hillyer Ragsdale, Drawer 19, East Orange, N. J.

SCHEMER, Alliance, Ohio, 36p monthly, prints mam moth S-getters. Subse riber reports $25,000 from three; another $10,000 from one. Try your luck. Year, $1.00; 3 months, 30c. None free. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells “‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably."”. You'd like to know, wouldn't you? Address your inquiry to: Man- ager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York “$50.00 WEEKLY everything.

mailing form letters. Samples and partic ulars 10¢. We furnish Whitney Co.

Kopowono, 48 West Sherman, McAdoo, Penna. FREE. “Song Writers’ Guide.” D22-1239 Elm, Green Bay, Wis

e ye sil slit ssories

DELIVERY iInclosed cab, suitable bodies for Ford Model T. Chassis with for Contractors, Grocerymen and

Farmers. Three styles Price $42.60. Write Daniel Zimmerman, Craigville, Indiana NEW and used auto parts. Save 25-80% Motors Rear ends, Radiators, Wheels, Generators, Starters Carburetors, $5.00 up. Complete Tops $15.00, ars Axles, Bearings, Nickel nag od Bumpers. Brightman Auto Parts Co., 321 Windsor Ave., Hartford, Conn.

cAviation

Station C, ¢ ‘ineinns ati, Ohio.” MIRRORS resilvered at home. Costs less 5 cents per square foot; you charge 75 cents. Immense prolits, plating like new; tableware, Sprinkle, Plater., brassy worn-off auto parts, reflectors, stoves, ete. Outfits furnished. Details free 94, Marion, Indiana.

SIGNS and Showcards easily painted with Patterns. Large variety of styles and sizes. free sar nples. John Ra‘in, D 2120 Neva Ave., ~ MEN—Women: make 820 daily. I did. Articles, Plans, 10e. Nameyer, Etters, Penna. ADVERTISE in 400 country newspapers, 28 words, $10.00. Keator, Hartford Bldg., Chicago. MODERN Mail Order Methods. A new book that tells how to operate a mail order business successfully. Write for free circular. Patrick-Mahoney Co., P. O Box 931, Schenectady, N. Y. MUNLATURE die-casting machines $50.00. 318 Reed, Erie, Pa. Letter Write for Chicago. Sample

Byrd—

2 BEAUTIFUL registered bull pups, $15. Dogs, Birds, Fish

Bulldogs, 501 Rockwood, Dallas, Texas. PEDIGREED police, chows, airedales, collies. Hair Danes, Maplewood 4, Mass.

Wire Booklet on care, 5c.

Dupl icating Devices 7 Portable “STENCIL-DUPLICATOR” Copies like Mimeograph. GERWIN, Dale,

8x11, $10. Oklahoma.

Education and Instruction CORRESPONDENCE Courses sold complete: 1-3 usual prices because slightly used; easy terms; money back guarantee. All schools and subjects. Write for special Free catalog. Courses bought for cash. Economy }.ducator Service, 202-N. West 49th St., New York “DOUBLE entry bookkeeping mastered in 60 hours with 8 keys; guaranteed; diploma."’ International Book- keeping Institute, Desk 10, Springfield, Mo. “PITMAN” Light-Line’ Shorthand, Book, Marr, Teacher, Nashville, Tenn. EVER called upon to SPEAK before an Audience? Speeches, Essays, Debates. Any subject. Write for circulars. E. A. Raiche, Neenah, W is. DON’T prepare for any Civil Service examination without seeing our free catalogue. Columbian Corre- spondence College, Washington, D.C. CORRESPONDENCE School Courses bought, sold, exchanged. Bargain Catalogue Free. Hanfling, 799-X Broadway, New York. EXTENSION courses leading to the A.B. or B.S. degree. Engineering, Business and Industrial Courses. Write for a free copy of “Democracy in Education.” The Central gags College (a C hartered Institution) Att: Field Secy. 1416 3rd Ave., North, Fargo, N. Dak. SOME Study Courses. All Schools, Lowest Prices. Terms. Catalog Free. Mention subject. Fred Goetz, 410-B Sansome, San Francisco. HOME study: High School, Collegiate cours Bulletin Colleze, Rogers, Ohio. STUDY Microbiology, Earn $300.00 a Month. dential and Extension Course in Bacteriology, Sanita- tion. Diplomas, Degrees granted. 71-Piece Urinalysis Gutfit Free to Students. Write for Free Prospectus

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Normal, Business, and free. Apply, Carnegie

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* , at a today. International College of Microbiology, 2513 THE American School of Aviation announces a new MAKE much money—making and selling you w N. 76th Ave., Chicago. correspondence course in mechanic of aviation 4 - ns ening your own = 76t : -orres . » r I 3 “uviatlor | - . ‘ ve > » y 7 3 ns . Tz) Ee 7 thorough training in practical aeronautics. American | 50048. Formulas 7 a eee eran, Eronenane PHYSIOTHERAPISTS earn up to $5,000 a year. School of Aviation, Dept. 6741, 3601 Michigan Ave.. | ©! = nag eae ths Wee A Ww shin Se a et special Interesting profitable profession readily learned in 3 Chicago, Mlinois j circulars free. 1axly Co., Washington short time by spare time home study. Highly endorsed > Ten Men! Inter i ane ae | MANUFACTURE and sell latest Novelties, Toys, by Medical professfon and used in leading hospitals. No WAN'T és + cl a 13 sat ting vt Be en pele gy tuition at Mail order and agent’s Specialties. Free list reliable drugs or surgery. Millions of patients awaiting qualified wiation school. — 254 A, ri On ed wooklet and patterns, processes, commercial information. Manu- practitioners. You may practice in your own home or in details. Aeropline Dent as 2, Peoria, Wh facturer’s Bureau, R-2, 1129 East 31st, Kansas City, patient’s home. Write for very interesting FREE book- BIG Special Christmas Offer Curtiss Pulitzer Mo let, and full explanation. Oldest and largest corres- Racer Construction Set Scientific Airevlider. One GET 2 ; j ] yondence school of its kind in the world. American 1 i money quick and ea né facturing. Wete Year's Subscription Aero Digest. All for $6.00. Canada you poll ad iden - Tne Be we gg — or. | niversity, 36 W. Lake Street, Chicago, Ill. See Extra. Send Se for Big Model Airplane_ Boat & y ‘olti ms sureau, Box 265. Winnipeg, Canada. ss 4 oe Supply Catalog. Phipps Airplane Company, 367 Wilson en ° os I - send 25¢ ce each a print you - na ae ~o ~ = ‘nce Monthly, 242 Fourth Avenue, P , SED ¢ ond All kinds. Sold 2 For Men and Women on re-pureh isis. Big saving. Money gua Lists free. (Co bought.) 1 Mountain, Pisga DETECTIVES —Work home or travel. Experience Alubama . 7 P unnecessary Write, George Wagner, former Govyern- LEARN the collection business. Good tneor ; Chalk Talks ment Detective, 1968P_ Broadway. N.Y = result Interesting boo Skillful Cotlee thr ve WANTED—Representatives in every factory in itional Collector's Association, Selence Buik LAUGH producing program, $1.00. Catalog United States Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth ark, Ohio Cartoonist balla, sukosh, Wisconsin. Ave., New York, |

Febru tea et he teh. Al othe of ex } Clip « uneqi take | practi practi

a | self « $70i elect ence Posit erint ed v woul Port disa) Radi of tk T.M New

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February, 1927 the ‘Prac “I give you all this apparatus so you can learn quickly at home cal MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION 133 Will TrainYouAt | Ho me lo Fill a i sig Pay Radio Job If you’re earning a penny less than $50 a week, clip coupon now. Send for AMAZING FREE BOOK, “Rich Rewards in Radio.” Why go along at $25 or $35 or $45 a week, when you could earn $50 to $250 in the same six days, as a Radio Expert? Hundreds of N. R. I. trained men are doing it—why can’t you? ~~ Earn up to $250 a Week— RADIO EXPERTS IN BIG DEMAND Radio needs trained men. Get into this new live-wire profession of quick success. It’s the trained man, the Radio Expert, who

e

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COST unequalled offer while % take advantage of it.

- a $70 In One Day For T. M. Wilcox *‘lamin business for my- self and RECENTLY MADE $70 in ONE DAY. I wae an electrician of rich experi- ence, Occupying a splendid Position as telephone sup- erintendent when I enroll- ed with you believing it would open up greater op- portunities—heavenet been disappointed. Estimate Radio will be worth tense of thousands of dollars to me in next few years.’’ T. M. Wilcox, Belle sland, Newfoundland. ~

aden abst asrs ieban a em OS ee ‘ EXTRA | | @y age Yo u G e t fs J . vf \. tostart. You can stay home, hold ‘a pe De EwaA your job, and learn quickly _ ogenae ar ecuamiaee aide a cer); f » \ pleasantly in your spare time. Y the Chicago Daily News Sta- All of This (2 ‘eh practical, helpful methods enable Hen cy MA, Mods rey All instruments shown here and others sent to all my students free of extra cost under short time special offer Clip coupon now—find out all about this big ou still have time to f his training is intensely practical—these instruments help you do the practical work, You learn workmanship and get added confidence in bry Training That

gets the big jobs of this profession—paying $75, $100, $200 a week andup. Every day N. R. I. trained men are taking good places in the Radio field—men just like you—their only advantage is TRAINING. You can prepare just as they did, by new practical methods. Our tested clear training makes iteasyforyou. Big Free Book contains all the proof. : You Learn Quickly In Spare Time So sure am I that I can train you success- fully for a better future in thisnew Big-Pay profession, that I guarantee your training with a money-back bond. Lack of ex- 4 a perience or education won’t hold you ~ ¥ back—common schooling all you need |

eee entree AOC CC Tt Pt

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PRACTICALLY DOUBLED you to start RIGHT AWAY to- theaks to agg he py ail ward one of the bigger Radio f2r* ‘Your course taug t me $ $ tonly the theoretica ut jobs paying $50 to $250 a meton A. week. No delay, no losing time thet mateac ce! Enowledse from work —no scrimping or for me.’’ Keith Kimball, scraping to get your training. Station WMAQ, Chicago, Ill. Get This FREE/BOOK Most amazing book on Radio ever written —full of facts and pictures—tells all about the great new Radio field, how we prepare you and help you start. You can do what others have done—GET THIS BOOK. Send coupon today—no obligation. J. E. SMITH, President NATIONAL RADIO INSTITUTE Dept. B-87, Washington, D. C.

your ability. : World Famous

**Pays for Itself’ My Radio course World- Famous as the training that \~ “pays foritself.” Makemore money QUICK when you take up this practical course. Work on millions of an- tennae, receiving sets, offers you big chance to make spare time cash while you're learn- ing. I'll show you how—teach you the latest *“‘dope,”’ furnish you with business cards, show you how to get the businessand makeit pay. My students don’t wait a yeartoincrease theirincome —they report OUICK INCREASES as aresult of this course—often two or three weeks after starting. Howard Luce, Friedens, Pa, made $320 in 7 weeks during sparetime. D.H.Suitt Newport, Ark., writes, “While taking the course I earned in spare time work about $900." Earl Wright, Omaha, reports making $400 ina short time while taking course—working at Radioin spare time! Sylvester Senso, Kaukauna, Wis., made $500. These records not unusual—these men a few of hundreds. Your Satisfaction Guaranteed NATIONAL RADIO INSTITUTE : Dept. B-8 i we. We who know the results this practical tested training gets— J YW » 7, Washington, D the increased earnings it has brought to men everywhere—stand K os » > Dear Mr. Smith—Without obligating me in any behind it all the way with a signed guarantee bond that we give ‘ * way,send me your free book, ‘Rich Rewardsin Radio” you when you enroll. On completion if you're not entirely satisfi 2 / and all information about your practical, home-study in every way, you get back every cent you've paid us. No strings Radio Course. to this offer—you yourself are the only judge. Get started today! It’s your big chance for one of the bigger Radio jobs—-mail coupon NOW for my Big FREE BOOK and proof! No obligation.

J. E. SMITH, Presiient

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134 Formulas Help Wanted Instruction MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION February, 1927 Miscellaneous

CHEMICAL Expert furnishes Manufacturing For- mulas and Processes with complete working directions. Reliable individual service only. No lists. Charges rea- sonable. Correspondence invited. Dr. Arthur Van- Heeden, 510 South Oakley, Chicago 500 FORMULAS 20c, Catalog Free, Ideal Book Shop, Park Ridge, Illinois. MAKE goods. Trade secrets circulars free ae ent ne

much money—making and selling your own Formulas by experts. Manufacturing processes All lines. All kinds. Catalog, special *. Thaxly Co., W wg Pp.

For Inventors

UNPATENTED Ideas Can be Sold. and help you make the sale righted). Write W. T. Greene, Washington, D. C, INVENTIONS (Commercialized. patented. Wri.e Adam Louis, Mo. INVENTORS: Get this I tell you how Free particulars (Copy- 805 Jenifer Building,

Patented or un- Fisher Mfg. Co., 183 Enright, St.

pamphlet—“What to In- vent.” No theory or guess work, but things actually asked for by manufacturers. Sent prepaid for only $1.00 Inventors’ Svndieate, 23 Paladium Pldg.. St. Louis, Mo I AM in touch with hundreds of moneyed men and

manufacturers who wish to buy good ipventions. Hart- ley, 38 Court St., Bangor, Maine “INVE NTIONS developed to practical basis non-infringing devices designed—Basic claims suggested. —A. P apini, eonia, N. J.” INVENTORS’ Universal mechanical movements; 50 perpetual motions. Tells how to obtain and sell patents. Suggests new ideas Explains how to select your attorney and avoid patent sharks. Special Price, $1.00 postpaid. Albert E. Dieter- ich, 681 Ouray Bidg., Washineton, D.C

Educator—contains 900

DETECTIVES Earn Big Money. Excellent oppor- tunity. Travel. Fascinating work. Experience un- necessary. Write George Wagner, former Government Detective, 1968P, Broadway, N. Y. FIREMEN, Brakemen, Baggagemen, (white or colored), sleeping car, train porters (colored), $150-$250 monthly. Experience unnecessary. 838 Railway Bureau,

Fast St. Louis, MEN wanting forest ranger, railway mail clerk and other govt. positions. Write for particulars. Mokane, A-30, Denver, Colo.

WANTED—Representatives in every factory in the United States. Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York. U. 8. GOVERNMENT Jobs. — $95 to $225 month. Men—women, 18 up. Steaay. Life positions. Short hours. Vacation. Many Spring examinations scheduled. Common education sufficient. Experience unnecessary Sample coaching and full particulars—lI'ree. Write to- gay, sure. Franklin Institute, Dept. F33, Rochester, Mm ¥.

FORMS to cast Lead Soldiers, Indians, Marines, Trap- ers, Animals, 151 kinds. Send 10c for Ilustrated Cata- ogue. Henry C. Schiercke, 1034 72nd St., Brooklyn, N.Y. MEXICAN made pistol holsters, cartridge belts fancy belts, lariats, horse hair articles. Ingersol Leather Co., 319 Fannin, Houston, Texas. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.”’ It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells “‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably."” You'd like to know, wouldn’t you? Address yourinquiry to: Manager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 256 Fourth Avenue, New York. MAIL me your razor strop. I will dress it with harm- less chemical process which will improve your razor 100 percent. Guaranteed ten months. 25c¢ postpaid. Eli Hendrickson, 105 Yesler Way, Seattle, Wash. Models and Model Supplies

How to Entertain

PLAYS, musical comedies and revues, minstrel music, blackface skits, vaudeville acts, monologs, dia- logs, recitations, entertainments, music al rea‘lings, stage handbooks, make-up goods. Big catalog free. T. 3. Denison & Co., 623 So. Wabash, Dept. 26, Chicago.

Incorporations

DELAWARE forms. Chas. Delaware. Incorporator, G, Guyer, Charters: Fees Small; 901 Orange St., Wilmington,

PRACTICAL, _ usotal inventions wanted for live Patent buyers. Send particulars promptly. American ee Corporation, Barrister Building, Washington, We

~ PATENTED Inventions invention. Write immediately. Denver, Coto “INVENTORS assisted financially to secure patents Equitable investment Company Washington. Describe your Desk | financed. Floyd Clymer,

For Sale direct from manufacturer. ‘Watters,”” 965 Putnam,

rATTOOING supplies, Illustrated catalogue free. Detroit

OUR Baby Chicks are from high-egg bred, inspected flocks. Big—sturdy. Grow hke weeds! Sent postpaid, safe delivery guaranteed. Plymouth Rocks, Rhode Island Reds, Leghorns, White Wyandottes, Minorcas, Buff Orpingtons, Anconas. Quality chicks, Low prices. Catalog free. Mary Maude Farms, Box 123, Portland, Indiana.

Information

RELIABLE information any subject. Foruewias, processes. Prompt, accurate service. Fee $5.00. A. Cook, Information Bureau, Box 952, Los Angeles, Calif. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ““How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.”” You'd like to know, wouldn’t you? Address your inquiry to: Manager Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York. Insects Wanted

HULIT & CO., 625 Jackson, Chicago, Il. mental Machinists. Model Makers, Dies. Complete general Machine shop. “SPECIAL machine builders, tool and die mak ots, inventor’s models, production work of all kinds. De pt. Quality Hardware & Machine Co., Ravenswood eal Thorndale Avenues, Chicago, Ill.” SHIP MODEL Fittings: Send stamp for list. A. J. Fisher, 1002 Etowah Ave., Royal Cak, Mich. SPECIAL MACHINERY or parts, Dies, Tools, Metal Specialties, Model special gears, stock gears and Model Supplies. Send 5c for Catalogue. The Pierce Model Works, Tinley Park, Ll. Iexperi- Patterns.

———$ Motion Picture Business MOVIE Films. 1000-foot reels, $2.50 each; shipped anywhere on receipt of remittance with order. Inde yendent Film 03 West Commerce, San Antonio, Texas.

Motorcycles

MOTORCYCLE bargains. anteed. Shipped on approval. Denver, Colo. Free catalog K. Used rebuilt. Guare Terms. Write Clymer}

Motors, Engines and Machinery

MOTORS—New GE 110 or 220 volt 60 Bg Single Phase, 4 HP $11.90, % HP $28.53, 1 HP $38.50. Mail $3 Check or Money Order. We will ship C. O.D. any- where. Motor Specialties Co., Crafton, Penna.

WHY NOT spend Spring, Summer, Fall gathering butterflies, insects? I buy hundreds of kinds for col- lections. Some worth $1 to $7. Simple outdoor work with my instructions, illustrations, price-list. Send 10c for Illustrated P a. “em Dealer in Insects, Dept. 7, Box 1424, San Diego, Calif.

FOR SALE: Patent for United States countries, Improved Flour Sifter; basis. Harry Nakagawa, Tanana, and forei Outright or Royalts Alaska

Inventions Wanted

For the Home 1IOT water ont ~ a 86. Make your own Automatic Write John Kirkeby, San Luis Obispo, Calif. GR ANDI ATH R cloc » mm exper e unnecessar details ires \ liz Bersen Jersey City, N. J.

WILL buy approve’ invention. Write W. L. 416 N. DukeStreet, Lancaster, Pa. Kendig, Music and Musical Instruments SAXOPHONISTS — Clarinetists — Cornetists — Trombonists—get ‘Free Pointers.” Virtuoso Music School, 36, Buffalo, os es

SN gem om BOOKS and Imported French novelties. illustrated list, 25c. Photo Institute, Penna.

Sample and Box 519, MeAdoo,

Laboratory and Chemical Services

FORMULAS: The Best Chemical Science can de- vise —Guaranteed Reliable Processes in all lines. Stamp Brings Big Bunch of Valuable Literature, Interesting

Lists. Don't buy till you receive this. Chemical Analysis, Charges reasonable. Dr. Liscomb Miller, Chemist. Tampa. Florida. 2 EXPERT Chemical Service. Working formula or process prepared for your special purpose, $5.00. Write me. W. Stedman Richards, Industrial Chemist, Box 2402, Boston, Mass. Office Devices ADDRESSING machines, folders, check writers, about half new cost.

multigraph, duplicators, sealers, dictating machines, at Pruitt, 117 N. Market St., Chicago, Optical Goods ARTIFICIAL eyes. 508 Quincey,

Booklet free. Denver, Colorado. Denver Optic,

EXPERIMENTERS. Complete chemical and ap- paratus catalog, 1000 illustrations. Sent on receipt of 25e. Radio Catalogue, 100 pages, liberal discounts, 10c. Laboratory Materials Company, 641 East 7lst St., Chicago, U.S. A.

Letter Specialists SALES creating letters written. G. Post Office Box 1244, Phoenix, Ariz.

W. Anderson, “Patent A ttorneys

PATENTS—tTime counts in applying for patents. Don't risk delay in protecting your ideas. Send sketch or model ior instructions or write for FREE book, “How to Obtain a Patent” and “Record of Invention" form. No charge for information on how to proceed. Communica- tions strictly confidential. Prompt, careful, efficient service. Clarence A. O'Brien, Registered Patent Attorneys, Security Bank Building (directly across street from Patent Office), Washington, D. C. (See page 143)

Machine Tools CONCRETE Building Block Machines and_ Molds. Catalog free. Concrete Manutacturing Co., 5 N. Main, St. Louis, Mo. USED MACHINE chi: es, Grinders, ete. matic Machine Co

TOOLS—Lathes, Send for List. , Cincinnati, Ohio Magic Tricks give shows, earn money, ¢ Milling Ma- Cincinnati Auto-

BE a magician, atalogue Vis-

20¢ Oaks | Magic: ul Co., Dept. 520, Oshkosh, BOOKS, , M: iwic, Mysteries, Magic Tricks, Novelties. Cati logue Free. Singer 515, dik mcock, MW isconsin AMAZE and Mystify your friends! New S0-pa; re Pook, 500 Tricks, tells how. Postpaid 10c. Lyle Douglas

Station A-4, Dallas lexas LARGE 144-page > Mlustrated C ati alogue Free. Chelsea Magie Shop, Station R, Box 24-P.5., Ne Vv York. FREE CATALOG! Books, Tricks, Magic, Mysteries seek hag tag Makary, B-339 Mountain St., Pitts- burg , Penna. M AGIC AL, SUPPLIES, direct from “gay Paree.” New, unique, different! ‘Rare samples, and list 25¢ coin. Photo Institute, MeAdoo, Penna Mail Order Business ABSOLUTELY nev idea first time offered 25c. Bill Anderson, Mankato, Mion.

“INVENTOR'S Adviser,” the valuable Patent book with 139 mechanical movements and illustrations, sent free upon request-——-M. 8. Labiner, Patent Attorney, 3 Park Row, New York. PATENTS, trade marks, sonal reliable service. Over 30 years’ active practict Write for terms. Book free. Address E. G. Sigg Box 1, N. U. Building, Washington, D. C PATENTS. Booklet free. results. Promptness assured. Patent Lawyer, 724 9th Street, Washington, , D.¢ INVENTORS’ Guide free on 1 request; gives 3 valuable information and advice for all who have original ideas or improvements. Frank Lederman, Kegistered Attorney and Engineer, Woolworth Blidz., 1714, New York. UNPATENTED Ideas Can Be Sold. I tell you how Free particulars (Copy- and help you make the sale. righted). Write W. T. Greene, 811 Jenifer Building, Washington, D.C. MILLIONS spent annually for ideas! Hundreds now wanted! Patent yours and profit! Write today for free book—tells how to protect yourself, how to invent, ideas wanted! How we help you sell, ete. Americ: rit Indus- tries, Ine., 501 Victor Bldg., W ashington, D. PATENTS, Trade-Marks, all countries. Ten years oxportense examining applications in Patent Ottice. Consultation invited. George Beeler, Patent Attorney, 1. 50) Nassau Street, New York. MONROE . MILLE R, Ouray Bldg., , Patent La wye r, Mechanical, lect rical Expert. io and Priority Record blank ‘gratis. PATENTS —Send for form to be signed and witnessed. Form, fee schedule, informa- tion free. Lancaster and Allwine, Registered Patent Attorneys in U — States and Canada, 232 Ouray Bldg., Washington, D.

copyrights. Prompt, pé

TS,

Highest references. Best Watson Ek. oe l,

Washington, D. Book-

“Evidence of Conception”

Februar R be a d debut I stro sat d¢ ‘Ja chuck all ce note. ad | is whisp ra never But j be LOC I de tion. handk plano revoly just : rew sk “W called Wy answe ver. Ins gue st if by bars heard My f spelll I p I lor me, place Musi brou, titul Wind Ing n INSp)

Page 125

February, 1927 MONEY MAKING “ Can he really play?” a girl whispered. ** Heavens no!’’ Arthur exclaimed. never played a note in his life.’’ “+ Hi OPPORTUNITIES SECTION They Laughed When [Sat Down At the Piano But When | Started to Play!— RTHUR had just played “The Rosary.”’? The room rang with ap- plause. I decided that this would be a dramatic moment for me to make my debut. To the amazement of all my friends, I strode confidently over to the piano and sat down. “Jack is up to his old tricks,’’ somebody chuckled. The crowd laughed. They were all certain that I couldn’t play a single note, “Can he really play?’ whisper to Arthur. “Heavens, no!’ Arthur exclaimed. never played a note in all his life. But just you watch him. This is going to be good.’’ I decided to make the most of the situa- tion. With mock dignity I drew out a silk handkerchief and lightly dusted off the piano keys. Then I rose and gave the revolving piano stool a quarter of a turn, just as [I had seen an imitator of Pade- rewski do in a vaudeville sketch. “What do you think of his execution ?” called a voice from the rear. ‘“We’re in favor of it!’ came back the answer, and the crowd rocked with laugh- ter. I heard a girl “He Then I Started to Play Instantly a tense silence fell on the guests. The laughter died on their lips as if by magic. I played through the first bars of Liszt’s immortal Liebestriume. I heard gasps of amazement. poser. It seemed as if the master musician himself were speaking to me—speaking through the medium of music—not in words but in chords. Not in sentences, but in exquisite melodies. A Complete Triumph As the last notes of the Liebestriiume died away, the room resounded with a sudden roar of applause. I found myself surrounded by excited faces. How my friends carried on! Men shook my hand—wildly congratulated me—pounded me on the back in their enthusiasm! Everybody was exclaiming with delight —plying me with rapid questions. . . . ‘Jack! Why didn’t you tell us you could play like that?” : “Where did you learn ?’’—‘How long have you studied ?”—‘‘Who was your teacher ?” “T have never even seen my teacher,’ I replied. “And just a short while ago I couldn’t play a note.” “Quit your kidding,” laughed Arthur, himself an accomplished pianist. ‘“‘You've been studying for years. I can tell.” “T have been studying only a short while,”’ I in- sisted. “I decided to keep it a secret so that I could surprise all you folks.” Then I told them the whole story. “Have you ever heard of the U. S. Music ?” I asked. A few of my friends nodded. ‘‘That’s a corre- spondence school, isn’t it ?’’ they exclaimed. “Exactly,” I replied. ‘‘They have a new simplified method that can teach you to play any instrument by mail in just a few months.” School of How I Learned to Play Without a Teacher And then I explained how for years I had longed to play the piano. “It seems just a short while ago,”’ I continued, “that I saw My friends sat breathless— spellbound. I played on and as I played Pick Your an interesting ad of the U. S. School of Music mentioning a new method of learning to play which only cost a few cents a day! I forgot the people around Instrument The — how a woman had me. I forgot the hour, the Piano Harmony and mastered the piano in her spare place, the breathless listen- Organ _Composition time at home —and without a ‘ Violin Sight Singinz teacher! Best of all, the won- ers. The little world I lived in seemed to fade—seemed to grow dim—unreal. Only Traps Drums and Ukulele Guitar Mandolin Hawaiian derful new method she used, re- quired no laborious scales — no heartless exercises—no tiresome : Clarinet Steel Guitar practising. It sounded so convinc- the musie was real. Only the Flute Harp ing that I filled out the coupon usic and the visions it Saxophone Cornet requesting the Free Demonstra- brought tes antes *Cello Piccolo tion Lesson. . ~ ott me. VISIONS as Deau~ Trombone ‘The free book arrived promptly ttul and as changing as the Voice and Speech Culture and I started in that very night Wind blown clouds and drift- Automatic Finger Control to study the Demonstration Les- ing moonlight, that long ago Inspired the master com- Piano Accordion Ban jo (5-String, Plectrum and Tenor) son. I was amazed to see how easy it was to play this new way. Thea I sent for the course. ‘‘When the course arrived I found it was just as the ad said—as easy as A. B. C.! And as the lessons continued they got easier and easier. Before I knew it I was playing all the pieces I liked best. Nothing stopped me. I could play ballads or classical num- bers or jazz, all with equal ease. And I never did have any special talent for music.” * * * * Play Any Instrument You, too, can now teach yourself to be an accom- plished musician—right at home—in half the usual time. You can’t go wrong with this simple new method which has already shown almost half a mil- lion people how to play their favorite Instruments. Forget that old-fashioned idea that you need special ‘“‘talent.”’ Just read the list of instruments in the panel, decide which one you want to play and the U. S. School will do the rest. And bear in mind no matter which instrument you choose, the cost in each case will be the same—just a few cents a day. No matter whether you are a mere beginner or already a good performer, vou will be interestec in learning about this new and wonderful method Send for Our Free Booklet and Demonstration Lesson Thousands of successful students never dreamed they possessed musical ability until it was revealed to them by a remarkable ‘Musical Ability Test” which we send entirely without cost with our inter- esting free booklet If you are in earnest about wanting to play your favorite instrument—if you really want to gain hap- piness and increase your popularity—send at once for the free booklet and Demonstration Lesson. No cost—no obligation. Right now we are making a €pecial offer for a limited number of new students Sign and send the convenient coupon now—before it’s too late to gain the benefits of this offer. In- struments supplied when needed, cash or credit J. S. School of Music, 82 Brunswick Bld¢g., New York City. U. S. School of Music, 82 Brunswick Blidg., New York City. Please send me your free book, ‘“‘Music Lessons in Your Own Home,” with introduction by Dr. Frank Crane, Demonstration Lesson and particulars of your Special Offer. I am interested in the following course: Have you above instrument ?... i, «meats amas Name pyacataca asa Gomer aie dim & aaeslowetia hc EOS et ee Please write plainly TE TOE CC COTTE OT Ce er ° a rer.o casa sithe, ad scateraelee sie aea State....

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Patent Attorneys Salesmen and Agents Wanted MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION February, 1927 Salesmen and Agents Wanted PATENTS Procured: Trade Marks Registered.— comprehensive, experienced, cn service for the pro- tection and development of your ideas. Preliminary advice gladly furnished without charge. Booklet of in- formation and form for disclosing idea free on request. Richard B. Owen, 44 Owen Bldg., Washington, D. C.,or 41-Z Park Row, New York. RICHARD E. Babcock, Patent Lawyer, Washington loan & Trust Bldg., Washington, D. C. Booklet. GET your own patents. Instruction $1. Making Patents Pay, $1. Cooper Cutting, Campbell, Calif. AGENTS—Clever invention! Inkspoon makes every pen a fountain pen. Fast office seller, big profit, demand increasing everywhere. Exclusive territory offer Sample free. H. Marui Company,Tribune Bldg., New York. INSTANT Weld—Repairs large punctures without cement or heat. Lenn’s profit one day $56. Write quick. Free sample. Territory going fast. ‘T'ourist’s Pride Mfg. Co., Desk RK, Minneapolis, Minnesota. GET our free sample case, toilet articles, perfumes and specialties. Wonderfully profitable. La Derma Co., Dept. F., St. Louis, Missouri. IF YOU have a practical, useful invention to sell, send particulars. American woeate Corporation, Barrister Buildin, Washington, D. PATENT and Trade tae Lawyers. Mason, len- wick & Lawrence, Washington, D.C. Established sixty- five years. Best references. Other offices, New York and Chicago. Write us. WE ASSIST selling patent when obtained through us. Patent Bureaus, Times Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. INVENTORS who derive largest profits know and heed certain simple but vital facts before applying for Patents. Our Book ‘‘Patent Sense’’ gives those facts; - it free. Write Lacey & Lacey, 648 F St., Washing- on, D. C., Established 1869. “PRACTICAL, useful inventions wanted for live patent buyers. Send particulars promptly. American Patents Corporation, Barrister Building, Washington, D. ¢ AGENTS. $60—$200 a week. Genuine gold letters for store windows easily applied. Free samples. Liber - offer to general agents. Metallic Letter Co., 434-A. N. Clark, Chicago. TAKE orders for coffee, sugar, flour, meats, canned goods, staple groceries, also paints, radio sets, tires, auto and tractor oils. No capital or bond required. We deliver and collect. Permanent business. Big pay. Write at once. Hitchcock-Lill Co., Dept. 81, Chicago. BANKRUPT and Rummage Sales. Make $50.00 daily. Westart vot, furnishing everything. Distributors Dept. 34, 609 Division, Chicago. $10 DAILY silvering mirrors, plating and refinishing lamps, reflectors, .utos, beds, chandeliers by new method. Outfits furnished. Write Gunmetal Co., Ave. F, Decatur, Illinois. “CARL MILLER, Registered Patent Attorney, MeGill Building, Washington, D. C. Patents for Sale INVENTORS: Use our special service for presenting your invention or patent to manufacturers. Adam Fisher Mfg. Co., 183-A Enright, St. Louis, Mo ‘THE SOVEREIGN wind-concentrator is the cheap- est power on earth.’ Patent for sale. Address L. G. Sovereign, Rt. 2, Milford, Nebr. \ ALUABLED patent for sule ground equipment. Children’s play- Roland Follmer, Berwick, Penna. Photographs and Supplies HAVE youacamera? Write for free sample of our big magazine, showing how to make better pictures and earn money. American Photography, 117 Camera House, Boston, 17, Massachusetts. DF ST ABLISH yourself at home, as a photographie expert; make $75 a — while learning; professional i furnished free; rite q 7: kK for full information. national Studios, Dept. 1743, 3601 Michigan Ave., Chicago. neaeieemiceicesneetl oe ‘Printing and Engraving BETTER Printing for Less Money. your printing needs, and Fantus Company, Write us about you will save money. Ernest 525 south Dearborn Street, Chicago AGENTS—RBest seller; Jem Rubber Repair for tires and tubes; supersedes vulcanization at a saving of over 800 per cent; put it on cold, it vuleanizes itself in two minutes, and is guaranteed to last the life of the tire or tube; se lis to every auto owner and accessory dealer. For particulars how t» make big money and free sample, ad- dress Amazon Rubber Co., 504 Amazon Building, Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania. BIG money and fast sales. Every owner buys gold initials for his auto. You charge $1.50; make $1.35. Ten orders daily easy. Write for particulars and free samples. American Monogram Co., Dept. 47, Fast Orange, New Jersey. AGENTS—Stamping names on Pocket Key Pro- tectors; sample check with your name and address, 25c. Stamping Outfits, Emblem “Checks, Check Fobs, Name Plates. Hart Mfg. Co., Desk 2—305 Degraw St., Brooklyn, N. Y MR, ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick- Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.’’” You’d like to know, wouldn’t you? Address your inquiry to: Manager, Classified Advertis sing, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York. A BUSINESS of your owi— Making sparkling Glass Name and Number Plates, Checkerboards, Signs. Big Book and Sample free. 2. Palmer, 513, Wotster, Ohio. SELL by mail! Big Profits! Books, Formulas. Novelties, Bargains. Particulars Free! Llfco, 523 South Dearborn Street, Chicago AGENTS —Make a dollar an hour. Sell Mendets, a patent patch for instantly mending leaks in all utensils, sample package free. Collette Mig. Co., Dept. 467, Amsterdam, PTHOUSAN,? Hammermill letterheads, four dollars. Multigraphing Jno. May-Ray, Monmouth, Illinois. ROLL Labels save 304 Quantity users Ww olfe print, Lawndale, Philadelphia. 50 HAMMERMILL Bond Letterheads or Envelopes Glenwood Art Press, Grovans, Md ~EMBOSS your Stationery with Hand I-mbosser. Circular Free. Midwest, Box 47, Springfield, Ill MULTIGRAPHED letters, 500, $2.00, bond pa- per. E xcel Service, 135 Liberty St.. N. Y. 5000 WATERMARKED Letter ries ads $10.00, Har- lem Press, 132 West 26th St., N. Y. write. Printing Outfits and Supplies PRINT your own caras, stationery, circulurs, paper, etc Complete outfits $8.85; Job Presses Sil, $29; Rotary $149. Print for others, big profit. Alleasy, rules sent. Write for catalog presses, type, paper, etc. Kelsey Company, F-3, Meriden, Conn. EARN 810 daily silvering mirrors, plating and re- finishing metal ware, headlights, chandeliers, bedsteads. Outfits furnished. EF. Decie Laboratories, 1133 Broad- way, New York. MILLIONS stote. Protector stops forgery. Inks, Sensational sale ~ profits. Wriie. Grand Rapids, ch. FORMULAS for making your own guaranteed prcd- ucts. Investment Small. No Machinery Needed. 300 to 1200% protit!) Stamp Brings Interesting Descriptive Literature for Fly Killing Spray, Delicicus Summer Drinks, Best Metal Polishirg Cloth, Hair Marcelle Liquid, No-Water Hand Soap, L. ightning’ Battery Charg- ing Liquid, Mendit, Fabrie Patching Liquid; Amazon Tire Repair, Washing Compounds; Compolith Wood- stone. Wonder Gloss; Wizard Polish; Pure Food; Toilet, Medical, Household Specialties, All lires. State what interests most. Miller, Chemist, 1706 Jettony, Tam- pa, Florida POLMET Polishing Cloth cleans all metal. Sells fast at 25¢c. Sample free. F. C. Gale, 15 Edinboro , Boston. kKemarkable new $5.00 Check proteets two colors. Safety Devices Corp., SALESMEN to sell all wool, hand tailored, made to measure, suits and overcoats $33.50. Commission $3.50, large line 6x9 sample swatches, easy to sell. Write for sales plan. Heim Tailoring races agg H Department 7, 616 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Md. MAGIC Moving Window Salesman. Its real chance- able letter system has act ually boosted users’ sales 200% to 400%. None but dead dealers indifferent. If you can spot a winner, get the facts and begin pocketing $100 weekly. Display Products Company, P. O. Box H5123, Gateway Station, Kansas City, Mo. DISCOVERED! Diamond’s Rival—Rajah Gems astound Jewelry world and defy detection. Set in artistic Sterling Silver mountings, copies of highest priced platinum designs. Sell like wildfire at popular prices. Salesmen and Agents unique selling plan means enormous profits for you. Write immediately for details. Rajah Company, Dept. Z-2, Salisbury, N. C. AGENTS—Our gold-eyed needle cases are wonderful sellers; immense profits; $50 to $300 weekly; proof and particulars free; sample outfit, 15c. Paty Needle Co., Somerville, Mass. FREE Adding Machine to “Live-Wires’’ accepting our Dollar-a-Minute Agency. Improved 2-lb. Calculator. Adds, Subtracts, Multiplies, Divides. Work equals $300 machines. Retails $15.00. Big demand; larce profits. Write quick for protected territory. Lightning Calcu- lator Co., Dept. P, Grand Rapids, Mich. WE PAY $48 a week, furnish auto and expenses to introduce our Soap and Washing Powder. Buss-Leach Company, Dept. A48, Chippewa Falls, Wisc. WE HAVE a line of goods for which every man in America is a prospect. Can be handled with tremendous profit by any salesman now selling to men. $20.00 Outfit Free. Address Dept 29, William C. Bartlett, Inc., 850 West Adams, Chicago MAKE much money—making and selling your own goods. Formulas by experts. Manufacturing processes. Trade secrets. All lines. All kinds. C “eis aperial circulars free. C. Thaxly Co., Washington, D. MIRRORS resilvered at home. Costs less 5 cents per square foot; you charge 75 cents. Immense profits, plating autoparts, reflectors, tableware, stoves. Ke- finishing metalwvare, etc., outfits furnished. Details free. Write Sprinkle, Plater, 96, Marion, Indiana. GENERAL agents wanted to sell post cards through our original Trust Scheme method. No talking required. big profits. Sample and selling plan, 10c. Roane Service, 1243 So. 234 St., 2d. fl., Philadelphia, Pa. THE Big Season is on; start now. Supreme Shirts give 100 percent satisfaction. Proposition and Kit Free. Supreme Shirt Co., 276-F Fifth Ave., New York. SELL pioneer $23.50 all wool tailoring, full or part time. $5 an hour selling our famous tailored-to- measure all-wool suits at $23.50. Commissions paid in advance. Striking leather brief case containing 100 larce swatch samples furnished. We train the inexperienced. Write today. Pioneer Tailoring Co., 159 W. Harrison St., Dept. B-1121, Chicago. AG ENTS: Make $500.00 Monthly. Fay daily. No in- vestment. Rhinestone initial buckles and novelties sell easy everywhere. Exclusive territory. Chaton Novelty Co., 606 Blue Island, Chicago. SIDE-LINE salesmen to connect us with Agents to sell our Auto Mitten Dusters. No money needed No goods to sell. Pay weekly commissions on all orders received from men you appoint. National Fibre Broom Works, St. Louis, Mo. $20 DAILY easy selling amazing rain-proof caps. Made-to-measure. Firest fabrics and styles. Big ad- vance profits. I ree outfit and free cap 7 Taylor Cap Manufacturers, Dept. Y-7, Cincinnati, DISTRICT salesmen make $30.00 a day, takinz orders for Goodwear tailored-to-measure clothes xt sensational new low price. $25.00 Sales Outfit Free. Exclusive Territory. Prefer married man, 30 years old or over, and permanent resident in district. Address Dept. 719, Goodwear, Chicago, Inc. 844 West Adams, Chicago. YOU can make real money operating our copy righted plan. Restricted territory. National Tire Service Asso- ciation, Inc., 960 Rergen Street, Newark, N. TIRED of working for other people r Without experience, training or capital I'll show you how you can become financially independent. Easy, pleasant work. $100 profit every week. Free automobile. W rite today for SS Albert Mills, Mgr., 9024 Monmouth, Cincinnati, Razors and Blades MIDGET Safety Razor, with dozen blades. 50 cents Wallace Kutz, 132 Chambers, Phillipsburg, N. J ” FIVE Gillette Style Blades 20c. nimas, Colorado Springs, Colo. “Bureau,” 215 Lasa- Real Estate—Orchards—Farm Lands PECAN-Orat payments. Guar: urban Orchards, De; ige-I ig Gro “On the Gulf” Month! OREGON homeste g and = lands offer exceptional oppor 1ils, $1.00 brancis The mpson, She SEIZED and “sold lor ta acres on Ceorgian Bay, $40.50; 12% acres, Muskoka, 843.20; 50 acres hunting camp, $63.90; 50 acres, lake front, $142.20 100 ueres, hurting id trapping, $94.50; 200 acres, fine sporting property 250.00 hese prices are not first nt payme 8S, Or price per acre, but the total amount asked. Also beautifully situate 1 hunting and fishing camps f deer, aug partridge, trout v tet ete North Amereca, > ner cott: farms wooded tracts, eages large ( for and investment, all offered at ten cents on the dollar of their value, and on sy monthly payments of $5 and upwards Illustrated list) deser ne the above and hundreds of other properties seized and sold for taxes, mailed free on request 1! no money, send for a list at once, so you will hav st choice. Tax Sale Service, Room 626, 72 Queen Street, West, Toronto, 2, Ontario, Canada MR. ADVERTISER Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It cont some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ““‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.”” You'd like to know wouldn't you? Manager, Classified Advertising. Popular Science Monthly, 2 , 290 Fourth Avenue, New York. AGEN iSs—new plan, makes it easy to earn $50.00 to $100.00 weekly, selling shirts direct to wearer. No capital or experience needed. Represent a real manufac- turer. Write now for free samples. Madison Company, 566 Broadway, New York. AGENTS! Big mone monogramming by transfer method. Catalog showing over 50 styles and particulars free. Motorists’ Accessories Co., Mansfield, Ohio. ANY salesman can sell them! Merchants everywhere use punchboards. Someone sells them, why not you? Collect big commissions daily. Newest, largest elaborate catalog sent upon request. Lincoln Sales Co., 9 5. Clin- ton, ¢ hicago, Dept. G JUST out—strings, straps, hooks, or buttons. On or off in a jiffy. Over 100% profit. Commissions paid taily. Write for free sample offer. Sta-Put Co. 902 N. Lith. St., St. Louis, Mo AGENTS —Steady income. Large manufacturer of handkerchiefs and dress goo 's, ete., Wishes representa- tive in each locality Factory to consumer. Big profits, hones wis. Creit given. Send for particulars. Free- port Mig 24 Main St., Brooklyn, N. Y. AUTO Emblems. Any Lodge. Write. Distributors, Dept. M, Ashland, Ohio. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for, a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It containg some really important facts which will prove interestins und valua ile to you. It also tells “‘How You Can Use Popular Science Month Protitably.””. You'd like to now, wouldn't you? Address your inquiry to: Manager, Popular Science Monthly, 250 North Central Classified Advertising, Fourth Avenue, New York MANUFACTURER Lambs Wool, Polishers, Dusters. Newhall, 358 S$ Broad, Lynn, Mass, PROFITS 1004 > selling quality guaranteed perfumes and toilet preparations that produce permanent repeat sales. Liberal free goods. LeMaire Perfume Co., 3330 Carroll Ave., Chieago, Ul., Dept. 79. AGENTS for well known automobile polish—full or part time basis. Experience not necessary. Ambitious man, willing to work, can make real money on this proposition. Big commission allowed A real oppor- tunity for the rig sht man. Barthel Laboratories, 4350 Webster Ave., N. ae $11.80 BAILY in advance (Send for sworn proof). Introducing New Insured Hosiery. 57 styles, 40 colors, guaranteed seven months. No capital or experience re- quired. You simply take orders. We deliver and collect (or you can deliver, suit yourself). Credit given. Pay you daily, monthly bonus besides. We furnish samples. Spare time will do. Macochee Textile Company, Road 1522, Cincinnati, Ohio. “THE road to fortune’? Marvelous New Book. Hun- dreds of Spare-Time Mone,-Making Ways, IIave business of your own working spare time, evenings. Free Circular, Colonial Mail Order Co., Box 369, Morristown, New Jersey. wes 100 MORE active men to Introduce Chieftain Guar- anteed Tailored Shirts 3 for $4.95. atest novelties, colors. Dickman, Illinois in 3 weeks made $589; Sinton, Texas in 12 days, $219.60; Bend, Iowa in 16 days, $334.80. Why not you? No experience or capital needed. We deliver and collect, Full working outfit Free. Cin- cinnati Shirt Company, Lane 1602, Cincinnati, Ohio SELLING like blazes! assortment at $2.2 Eleven piece toilet goods 25 vith two piece carving set free to your customers. 100% profit. Davis Products Co., Dept. 57. 1321 Carroll, Chicago. AGENTS are cleaning up with National Fibre House Brooms and Auto Mitten Dusters. Send for Free Cat- alog and Sample Offer. National Fibre Broom Co., 5t Louis, Mo. AGENTS wanted $45to $85 extra a wees beautiful shirts. Lowest prices, latest styles, tailoring. Henry made $25 in a day. Free insur: policy wins every sale. Profits in Et sg we deliver and collect. Get free outfit quick. Fashion Wear Shirts, Dept. B-362, Cincinnati, Ohio. oni reliable firm selliny’ Ray-(-Lite cigar and gas s hehters. Big TO SELL saree. § eae 5Ce. Rapid Mfg. Co., 799-X, Broad- ew York ae ADVE Re TISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.”’ You'd like to know, wouldn’t you? Address your inquiry to: Manager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York. Feb: r A tur) A hoti peo get Doo! he yW can

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February, 1927 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION 137 his Singular Book Wields a Strange Power Over Its Readers Giving them a MAGNETIC PERSONALITY almost instantly! Will You Read It 5 Days FREE—to Prove It Can Multiply Your Present Income? . ebaapwienigncen book! A book that seems 42% to cast a spell over every person who turns its pages! A copy of this book was left lying on a hotel table for a few weeks. Nearly 400 people saw the book—read a few pages— and then sent for a copy! In another case a physician placed a copy on the table in his waiting room. More than 200 of his patients saw the book—read part of it—and then crdered copies for themselves! Why are men and women so profound- ly affected by this book?—so anxious to get a copy? The answer is simple. The book reveals to them for the first time how any man or woman—old or young— can develop a Magnetic Personality instantly! It explains how to gain over- night the personal charm that attracts countless friends—the self-confidence that Insures quick success in any business or t prot ssion. of the human mind, set out to discover the secret of that rare quality— Magnetic Personality. He first applied his dis- coveries in his own circle of friends. Re- sults were astonishing! His methods seemed to have the power of almost instantly transforming peopie into entire- ly new beings! Quietly, almost secretly, Shaftesbury’s fame spread. Great men came to him. His students and friends embraced such names as Gladstone, Queen Victoria, Edwin Booth, Henry Ward Beecher, Cardinal Gibbons, and others of equal fame. Until recently, Shaftesbury’s teachings have been available only to people who could pay $50 or $100 each for instruction books. But now, through the efforts of a group of his students, his wonderful teachings have been collected into a single volume, at a price within the reach of all! And furthermore Shaftesbury It tells how to draw people to you at once, irresistibly— re, In any society—how sagged ) overcome almost at once timidity or self-con- sciousness you may have— How to use Secrets control Book Tells You to be popular every- | tow to develop a Magnetic certain Oriental perfect How to. gain How to read people's feelings has consented to reveal hun- dreds of new discoveries never before put into print. Strange Effect on Readers nerve + to be a magnet of hu- \ attraction, popular and 'l-liked wherever you go! it not. only tells exactly to accomplish — these gs—it tells you how to mplish them without de- istantaneously! Whence Comes This Uncanny Volume? Forty years ago, Edmund bury, famous student by watching their mouths How to read people's thoughts by watching their eyes How to develop a magnetic eye Ilow to make your face appear 20 years younger How to control others by a glance How to use Magnetic Ilealing How to end = awkwardness and timidity How to attract the opposite sex How to get ahead in your business or profession How to make your subcon- scious mind work wonders And dozens of other vital topics Readers of this book quickly become masters of a singular power to attract others—to in- fluence men and women around them. Not by force—not by loud argument. But rather by some subtle, insinuating power that sways men’s minds and emotions. They are able to play on people’s feelings just as a skilled violinist plays upon a violin. Folks are never the same after reading this book. Their manner changes. The tone of their voice, the expression in their even their actual features seem to change seem to grow more cultured, more refined. The eyes—windows of the soul—become clear, beautiful, expressive—luminous as a crystal sphere. The voice grows rich, resonant —mellow as a golden bell. Folks listen spell- bound—charmed by the fine modulations the cultured fluency of the tones. What Others Say — What priceless benefits!—so profound! Is it any wonder that thousands of men and women say that they are overjoyed with the results they have re ceived? One enthusiast said of this volume, “Things [ have read there I would never have dreamed of.”” Another be ) eyes—yes, wrote, ‘Certainly won like walking up a stairway to a higher life.’’ Ano ote, “I would not give up what Shaftesbury has ta t me for $100.000!”’ In your everyday life—in social iife—and especially business, you will find what tl You will find this book of quickly learn to fascinate peopl new friends—to gain the speedy pay which always come to men at 10 ha developed that most wonderful of all qualities—a m nelic person uity! Read This Book 5 Days Free You must see this book for yourselt let it influence indelibly your own personality. M mail coupon below and this remarkable volun cover in handsome dark burgundy cloth, gold embx will be sent you by return mail for 5 days’ free exar tion. If you aren’t stirred and inspired in the 5-day fre period return it and } ) ii ng Otherw keep it as your own and remit the Spe holesale Pr of only $3 in full payment. This volume $ original iblished to sell at $5—but in order to r Last possible—it is now being o is S| rice This offer may never appear ag ) yi irged to act at once ‘fore it ithdr n er yu do not pay ur you decide to ke 00k du risk nething » clip and ‘ NOW. Ralston University Pre Dent. 14-B, M Conr RALSTON UNIVERSITY PRESS Dept. 14-B, Meriden, Conn. All right—I'll be the judge. You may send me the volume * Instantaneous Personal Magnet » for 5 ys’ FREE EXAMINATION in my yme. Within the 5 days I will either remit the spe l rj vy $3.00, in full payment, or return it without Nar Addr City. State gs.0s

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138 ‘His Tail Between His Legs’ What most men would see ifi they could see themselves Salesmen and Agents Wanted MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for & copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells “How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.’’ You'd like to know, wouldn’t you? Address your inquiry to: Manager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York. SALESMEN calling 01 mills and factories can add to their income $25 to $50 a week without increasing their expenses. Write for particulars. Redcone Com- pany, Ine., 1400 Broadway, Room 334, New York C ity. the battle of life. Many have already reached the stage where they have THEIR TAILS BETWEEN THEIR LEGS. They are afraid of everything and everybody. They live in a constant fear of being deprived of the pitiful existence they are leading. Vaguely they hope for SOMETHING TO TURN UP that will make them unafraid, courageous, independent. But it never does. They continue to work and sweat and—MAKE OTHERS RICH AND HAPPY Some men, however, after years of cringing, turn on life. They CHALLENGE the whipper. They dis- cover, perhaps to their own surprise, that it isn’t so difficult as they imagined, TO SET A HIGH GOAL— and reach it! Only a few try—it is true—but that makes it easier for those who DO try. OST men are being whipped every day in M What about YOU? Are you ready to admit that you are through? Are you satisfied to keep your wife and children—and yourself—enslaved? ARE YoOt , AFRAID OF LIFE Success is a simple thing to acquire when you know its formula. The first ingredient is a grain of COURAGE. The second is a dash of AMBITION. The third is an ounce of MENTAL EFFORT. Mix the whole with your God-given faculties and no power on earth can keep you from your desires, be they what they may You can develop these God-given faculties as FIVE HUNDRED AND FIFTY THOUSAND other people have done—through Pelmanism. Pelmanism is the science of applied psychology, which has swept the world with the force of a religion It has awakened powers in individuals, all over the world, they did not DREAM they possessed Famous people all over the world advocate Pelmanism, men and women such as these : O'Connor, ‘Father | JeromeK. Jerome, Novel- of the House of Com- ist. mons : Gen. Sir Frederick The late Sir H. Rider Maurice, Director of Haggard, Famous Military Operations, Novelist. Imperial General Staff. GeneralSirRobertBaden- Powell. Founder of the niorieel Lord et Boy Scout Movement. | G. C. B., G. C. V. Judge Ben. B. Lindsey, | Sir H arry Lau Ps er, Founder of the Juve- | Comedian. nile Court, Denver. |W. L. George, Author. Frank P. Walsh, Former | po roness Orczy, Author. Chairman of National | PrinceCharles of Sweden Warl abor Board. ane otl of equal prominence, too humerous to ition h "A remark ab le book called “Scientific pater: M has been written about Pelmanism. IT se OB- rAINED FREE announcement Yet thousands of mt, as read this and who NEED this book will not send for it it’s no use,”’ they will say “It willdo me no good,” they will tell themselves ‘It's all tommyrot,”’ others will say If you are made of the stuff that isn’t content to re- main a slave—if you have taken your last whipping from life,—it you have a spark of INDEPENDENCE left in our soul, write for this free book. It tells you what Pelmanism is, WHAT IT HAS DONE FOR OTHERS, and what it can do for you rhe first principle of YOUR success is to do something radical in your life. You cannot make just an ordinary move, for you will soon again sink into the mire of dis- couragement. Let Pelmanism help you FIND YOUR- SELF Mail the coupon below now—now while you resolve to DO SOMETHING ABOUT YOURSELF is strong rHE PELMAN INSTITUTE OF AMERICA a correspondence school under State of New York 19 West 44th Street Suite 872 New York City Seteeeseeees uss: CCC he Pelman Inst te of America, 19 West 44th Street, Suite 872, New York City. I want you to show me what Pelmanism has actually done for over 550,000 people. Please send me your free Approved a the Dans of the book, “‘Scientific Mind Training.”” This places me under no obligation whatever. en re ee ee ee IID, 550s 5:5 estas 0 oie cai en Ai lovin Bs oct ce Gn Doce ew tev Ws PE hie SiaSGaea be aw one ws 006505500 se ee0000ss WE HAVE a line of goods for which every man in America is a prospect. Can be handled with tremendous profit by any salesman now selling to men. Free. Address Dept. 850 West Adams, Chicago. Shop Equipment and Battery SUPPLIES and Equipment for Tire Catalog. Shops at Wholesale. Send for Complete Adams-Barrs, Columbus, Ohio. Stammering ST-TUT-T-T-TERING and stammering cured at home. Instructive booklet free. Walter McDonnell, 59 Arcade, 1126 Granville Avenue, Chicago, Ill TT Stamps and Coins STAMPS, 100. All different, 3 cents. P. S. Quaker Stamp Co., Toledo, Ohio. STAMPS Free—Ask for or “eed approvals. John K. Borresen, Cedar Falls, STAMP Collectors—Phillips sonthiy Bulletin (illus- trated) offers over 2000 special bargains, sets, packets, ete. each issue. Free. Phillips, Box 1012, Hartford, Conn. STAMPS, 105 China, ete., 2c. Album (500 illustrations) 3c. Bullard, Station AA, Boston. OLD coins, large Fall selling catalogue of coins for sale free. Catalogue quoting prices paid for coins, ten cents. William Hesslein, 101B Tremont Street, Boston, Mass. CALIFORNIA gold $% size, cent and catalogue, 10c. Norman Schultz, Salt Lake City, Utah. Lists free. 27c.; $% size, 53c. White Box 746, STAMP packet 2c to Approval Applicants. Harvey Teeple, Decatur, Indiana. UNITED STATES and Foreign Coins. Military Decorations. Catalogue and 500,000 mark bill, 10 cents. Alexis Mengelle, Colorado Springs, Colorado. “SPECIAL Newfoundland Catalogue. Every stamp illustrated. Send 10c for a copy. Will credit you this on your first order. Try these—38 Nfld. postage, all different face (Cat. $5), for $1. Rev. Butler, St. Georges, New foundland. 100 DIFFERENT and bargain list, 4c. Wi illiamsville, N. Y. ~_ 150 GOOD mixed foreign stamps, 3c. Niantic, Conn. 1,000 MIXED U. 8S. and Foreign Stamps, 25c, Lundsted, Cape Cottage, Maine. 200-200-200. SEND for our 200 outfit containing 200 stamps; 200 hinges; approval sheets to hold 200 stamps; perforation gauge; millimeter scale and ruler; duplicate stamp container—all for only as ec to approval applicants. Edgewood Stamp Co., Dept. S., Milford, Conn. 500 MIXED lide. 100 Var Precancels 20c. Walter Oliver, Stanton (144), Phil Charles Peugh, Elms a, Wash. cated FINEST one cent approvals in the United States. Stanton, Niantic, Conn. 100 ad FERENT 5c. Price List Free. Hollub, De Land, Fla. 40 OLD COINS all different $1.00. 100 Different Germany War coins $2.00. Oregon Trail Half-Dollar Uncirculated $1.25. 300 different Germany War Bills 31.00. M. Denney, Box 315, Dallas, Texas. Telegraphy TELEGRAPHY—Both Morse and Wireless—taught thoroughly and quickly. Tremendous demand. Big salaries. Wonderful opportunities. Expenses low: chance to earn part. School established fifty years, Catalog ffee. Dodge's Institute, H374 Hart Ave., Val- paraiso, Ind. WANTED— ‘Representatives in every factory in the United States. Popular Science Monthly 250 Fourth Ave., New York Typewriters and Supplies TYPEWRITERS: all makes; guarantee; send for illustrated catalogue. Henry lypewriter Co., 217 West 125 Street, New York, N. Y “RENT a typewriter. ’ Any make. If you pay its price in rent, we give machine free. Catalog free. Pgh. Typewriter Supply. Suite 543, 339 Fifth Ave., burgh, Pa TYPE W RITERS, all stand: ard m makes, thoroughly re- manufactured by the famous “Young Process’ and shipped direct from factory to you on 10 days’ trial. Guaranteed 5 years. Easy monthly payments. Write lowest prices; 5 year today for free catalog Young Typewriter Company, Dept. 5762, 654 W. Randolph St., Chicaco. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It tells “‘“How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.” You'd like to know, wouldn't you? Manager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York. Wanted DETECTIVES needed everywhere. Experience un- necessary. Particulars free. Write, George Wagner, former Government Detective, 1968P Bros uiway, N. 4 WANTED—Repres sentatives in eve ry factory “in the United States. Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York. Pitts- | MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION $20.00 Outfit | 18, William C. Bartlett, Inc. | February, 1927 ci Gi A Profitable Business of Your Own for full or spare time. Many earn $25 to $50 a week in spare time. Double your pay. Practical method of home instruction makes learning easy. Why work for low-pay? Clever “sales- increasing”’ display material is always need- ed by progressive business enterprises of every description. $10 to $20 is often paid for a single attractive show card. Skilled Show Card Writers command high salaries —right from the start. Prepare now. No special ability neede Learn at home in your spare time through a most - plete and practical method. We develop inality and teach you how to make attrac cards, just like a professional. We give all f work personal attention through the mail. S$ S have learned Show Card Writing this quick j way a are now making more and more money each week. SO CAN YOU. ing ae inities he Brace open in. field. Make original Show Cards f ployer or work for several mercha h time. Establish a profitable business of your Show card experts earn up to $110 a week. Send for FREE Book Get busy. Boost your pay. Don’t delay your prep- aration for this ae rowded, luc rative prot . Write today for our big Free Book, full of illustra- tions. Gives complete details of our practical home- study course. Mail coupon now! WASHINGTON SHOW CARD SCHOOL, Dept. 242-E 1117-15th Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. Washington Show Card School, Dept. 242-E 1117-15th Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Please send me FREE and with« t copy of the new 32-page book, *"( Show Card Making.”’ RRR hos anata waoiais Wide we wR Stel Oot Pa rie ens Decne nik Senate aat coe RN hag eo cl Nee Don’t Envy The Plumber BE ONE! $11.00-$16.00 PER DAY and work EVERY day, is the Plumber's wage. Every skilled yeeioeen will tell yon that Plumbers have th e best of it. WINTER and SUMMER the Plumber is top wages. No skilled Plumber is ever out of a job--cor e his opportunities with any trade, plus the opportunities yf having your own shop. We teach you. Plumbing with TOOLS (not books Licensed Master PLUMBERS in one of the finest equipp« schools in Americ ca. We make you a Plumber, every branc! is taught thoroughly--Lead Work--Blue Print for plan read- ing--all other tricks. without previous LEARN IN 8 to 12 WEEKS = fiti.te: If you are making less ag $60.00 a week you owe it to your- self to investigate. Get FREE catalog that tells in pictures and words how we teach this trade. Special rates now. 4 under UNIVERSAL PLUMBING SCHOOL 2031 Troost Ave. KANSAS CITY, MO. Februa B uneé | Sher! fore situa prese of pe | stam | yello | Fo been lat tl supe! | died, youn throu prope | the | clerk: S20 ft the o A that whicl eight mont the | figure | CeSSIN a tro B E OvVeTC | Horse: vas € meast terms a sing load { of a | hOrsey hypot contre So, oineer of a harne: read j as my the pi Q! 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| | | died, February, 1927 Bits of Mechanism That Save Us Millions (Continued from page 18) uncanny mechanisms in the role of Sherlock Holmes. A bank in Chicago, for example, was disturbed recently by a | situation that seemed to indicate the presence among the employes of a pilferer of postage stamps. One who will steal stamps sooner or later will begin to take yellow-backed bills, that bank fears. For many years cancelled checks had been mailed out to the bank’s customers at the close of every month under the supervision of an old employe. When he his work was turned over to a | younger man who was too eager to be through with the task to supervise it | properly. For three months in succession the postage that was used up by the clerks who did that work exe eeded by | | | | $20 the amount that had been used in the old man’s time. A new postage scale was installed in that department. It was an exact scale which left no excuse for a clerk to put eight cents on a four-cent letter. The month after that scale went into service, the postage cost dropped to the old fivure. It solved the mystery of the ex- | cessive postage, and in addition simplified , a troublesome end-of-the-month task. | EFORE we could have automobiles, someone had to figure out a way to | overcome inertia without the use of Horsepower was needed, and the | gas engine was the answer. We still | measure the power of those engines in terms of horsepower, and the power of a single horse is computed by fixing a load for a standard horse to pull up out of a pit in a given time. Literally one horsepower is the pulling power that hypothetical horse can exert against the contrary pull of gravity. So, in Detroit, when automobile en- gineers wish to determine the horsepower of a newly minted gas engine, they harness it to a seale, start it, and then read its horsepower on the dial as easily as my buteher, Mr. Bloom, now reads the price of my daily meat purchase. | horses. peers superhuman scales in auto- mobile factories show on a dial the ability of a spring to withstand the shocks of a bumpy, rutted road. The device, essentially, is like one of those contrivances with which youths vain of | their muscular ability are permitted to “show off” at Coney Island and country ldirs, A great wooden maul is provided for the strong young man; he whirls it about his head and brings it down on a rubber- shod stake. The force of the blow sends an arrow flying upward along a scale. If the arrow strikes,the bell at the top, the youth thereafter poses among his friends as a strong man. bs the automobile factories the force blow that simulates the shocks of poor country road is known in advance. hen the spring rebounds under artificial attack, it is a sound spring, for ‘mper has been subjected to a strain éreater than it is likely to encounter in The its te wevice, Continued on page 140) this | MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION THE Round - the - Siners leaving ¢ lover Fie ld, ica, C ‘all, mile tri (Wide Wor! d Photo.) HOP-OFF World Santa Mon- on 3,06 Daring Young Men Needed in Aviation HERE is no field of work in the world today which offers such amazing opportunities to young men of daring and who love adventure, as does Aviation. Although still in its infancy, there is a crying demand in Aviation for young men with courage, nerve and self-reliance. For those who can qualify there will be thousands of highly paid jobs which will lead quickly and surely to advancement One student, S. F. McNaughton, Chi- cago, Says: “Your lessons are like a romance, and what is more, after one reading, the student gets a thorough understaading. One never tires of reading them.” James Powers, Pa., another student, says: “I am indeed surprised that such a valuable course can be had from such practical men for so little cost Personal Instruction by Experienced Men Men who have had actual and success. Big Opportuni- ties Await the Trained Man Look over the fields of work which are open to PRE the young man_ today. You will find that Avia- Aeroplane tion is the ONE FIELD that is not overcrowded— ae un the ONE FIELD in which Aeroplane there is plenty of room at the top. Think of it! Only 21 years ago Orville and Wilbur Wright made the world’s first airplane Aeroplane Aeroplane Aeroplane For One of These POSITIONS Aeronautical Instructor $60 to $150 per week Aeronautical Engineer $100 to $300 per week Aeronautical Contractor Enormous Profits $60 to $75 per week $40 to $65 per week $50 to $70 per week $5000 per year and up $40 to $65, per week $75 to $200 per week experience in Aviation give you personal attention and guide you carefully through your training. They select the lessons, lectures, blue- prints and bulletins. They tell you the things that are essential to your success. Every lesson is easy to read and quickly understood. Big Book on Aviation FREE PARE Repairman Mechanician Inspector Salesman Assembler Builder flight. Now airplanes fly around the world. Yes, Aviation offers the same wonderful « tunities today that the automobile motion picture industries did 15 an 20 years ago. Men who got in on the ground floor of those indus- tries made fortunes before others woke up. AVIATION IS NEW! It clamors for nervy young men—and the trained man has the world before him in Aviation. Easy to Become an Aviation Expert—$50 to $100 a Week You can qualify now quickly for one of these exciting, highly paid jobs through a new sure, easy method of training. The study of Aviation is almost as in- teresting the work itself. Every lesson is fascinating and packed full of interest. That’s why Aviation is so easy to learn—you don’t have to force your- self to study—once you Start, you can't get enough of it. Only one hour of spare time a day will give you the basic train- ing in an amazingly short time. as below Free Send for )ppor- and d coupon New Book, just out, “Op- portuni- ties in the Ai plane In- dustry.”’ It is interesting and instructive and will you many things about Aviation which you. never’ knew _ before. Only a limited number yours before the edition is show offered- get exhausted. AMERICAN SCHOOL of AVIATION Dept. 1362 3601 Michigan Ave. Chicago, Il. LTCC CSRS SCCRS TTT S RS CCRESTESE SESE SEER REESE Eee Eee REET AMERICAN SCHOOL OF AVIATION, 3601 Michigan Ave., Dept. 1362, Chicago, au. Without any obligation, send me your Free Book, “Opportun in the Airplane Industry,” also in format about your Course in Practical Aero 1utic ‘ Va 1 tr t stata

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140 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION ee Clip Coupon Now! Get the Proof! I'll send you absolutely FREE OF CHARGE—with positively no obligation on your part—3 ““Job-Way’’ Auto Lessons and 3 Job Tickets and my big, new Auto Book also! Clip coupon—see for yourself—just why B. W. Cooke ‘‘Job-Way” Trainin is bringing so many men BI Be An Money in such remarkably uick time--see what it can o for YOU! E Don’t sell your time for low Ex pay! You don’t aoe ne matter how much or how lit- $150 a Week! tle experience you’ve had-- ee whether you are educated or or not--young or old, send coupon Now! Find out how you can become a Big Pay Auto Man in amazingly quick time! These 8 FREE Lessons show you how! GET THE FACTS! AcT QUICK: Find out how you can get intothis my Big,New Auto gigantic Auto Business! Think of Book FREE! it - “ Thousand Million Dollars Shows how hund- paid to Auto men every year for reds have reached upkeep «lone! See why there are Big Pay in Amaz- so many Tremendous Opportun- ingly quick time. ities for the trained Auto Manto Send for it now! get Big Raises in Pay QUICK!— | Opportunities waiting for YOU! Mp Free Book shows why. My Free Coupon Lessons show how you can take ad- | Brings Full antage of these great, wonderful opportunities. Detalls of l'll Train You AT HOME! |My 4 OUT- Get all the particulars about this FITS Offer wonderful Auto Home Training which includes ali Electrical wor — all Mechanical work--also Life- time Employment Service, Consulta- tion Service and 4 Big Working Outfits included Free of extra charge. CLIP COUPON NOW! SEND ME SESscox FREE - B. W. COOKE, thaimecr © Dear Sir: Send me absolutely FREE and without any z obligation on my part 3 ‘‘Job-Way’’ Lessons and 3 § Includes Tools, Tool Bag, Electri- cal Test Bench. Also 303 Wiring Diagram Charts, Also Special Elec, trical Outfit. Job Tickets. Also your Auto Book FREE and full fi particulars of your 5 Outfits Offer. NAME ADDRESS TOWN oy ey y Sapie PARRA ee 2 DRAW CARTONS TURN YOUR TALENT INTO MONEY Cartoonists earn from $50 to $300 per week— some even more. Remarkable new Circle System of Drawing teaches you in half the usual time. Send for booklet and sample lesson plate explain- ng full details of the Course. THE NATIONAL SCHOOL OF CARTOONING 615 Penton Building Cleveland, Ohio. Bits of Mechanism That Save Us Millions (Continued from page 139) strength of the spring is measured in terms of weight. Still another automobile factory scale, by weighing the diminishing contents of a gasoline tank and recording that lessen- ing weight with an ink line, saves the necessity of giving an engine a road test to find out how much gasoline it will consume under a variety of conditions. In this test the automobile engine is operated under varying loads while fastened to a platform. A scale in Lima, Ohio, is saving for more important tasks the energies of a bevy of girls who used to count, one by one, the tickets collected by the con- ductors of the city trolley lines. Very delicately balanced, it weighs a small number of the tickets, one hundred for example, These, of course, have been counted. Then these one hundred tickets are used as a balance weight as on one of the old-fashioned beam scales. The method is said to be more accurate than the counting by the girls. HE “counting scale” is used every- where today where mass production methods are in operation. In one plant, millions of tiny screws, formerly counted one by one by rows and rows of girls at benches, now are counted more accurately than the girls ever did, by means of a scale with a hopper many times the size of the receptacle into which the old- fashioned grocer measured your pound of sugar. In a paper-making plant, I saw a single sheet of paper placed on an offset shelf of the scale, and that sheet, serving as a balance, enabled the man in charge of the scale to tell without counting when he had precisely the 1,000 sheets that he needed! In an upholstery plant where thousands of yards of. fabric worth more than a dollar a yard are used daily, a scale tells, by weight, the precise yardage used. The workmen who used to perform the labor wasted hundreds of yards by inaccuracy. There is another miracle-working scale in the State Highway Department of Illinois. The engineer, E. M. Fleming, believed that he could save his state hundreds of thousands of dollars in its road building operations if he could measure the solidity of the soil over which roads were to be built. In the past it was only after the roads had been built that heavily loaded motor trucks had betrayed the soft spots in the road foundations by crushing the surface. R. FLEMING believed that if the tons of weight spread over the four wheels of a truck were heavy enough to expose a weakness in a roadbed, a lighter weight on a smaller platform ought to expose such a weakness just as well. So he devised a load by filling some buckets with shot, and suspended this load from a tripod in such a fashion that at will he could transfer the burden to a platform which was no more than an iron rod. On any soil that load of shot would force the (Continued on page 141 February, 1927 4 \ at your finger pe Know the facts in Electricity. They mean more money and better position for you. Hawkins Guides tell you all you need to know about Electricity. Every important electrical subject covered so you can understand it. Easy to study and apply. A com. plete, penctions bean ——, i 10 volumes. S$ are poc' size; flexible covers. Order ase to-day to look over. , . 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February, 1927 Bits of Mechanism That Save Us Millions (Continued from page 140) platform—the iron rod—into the earth, hut in places unsuited for road making it would drive the rod in deeper and more quickly. Then Mr. Fleming equip- ped his contrivance with a dial that measured the resistance of the area where road building was contemplated, meas- ured it in the same terms that a grocer measures sugar. Any housewife who has seen a giant crane swing its mammoth arm into a car loaded with scrap iron and pick up a huge load with a single magnetized finger, must have wondered how men can make steel so haphazardly when she has to measure so carefully in making biscuits. F THE housewife would investigate, as I did, she would see that before that giant arm load of scrap metal was released into a great pot to be cooked into steel it was od rt uJ . weighed. The cranes of the steel mills are equipped with scales so that the midgets who operate these giant slaves may tell to a pound the size of the load of iron that is tossed into the cauldrons. Not only do these scales tell their story to the men who run them, but the size | of the loads is registered simultaneously | on dial faces in the office of the steel | maker, some distance away. In the great tire factories at Akron the | ingredients of a rubber compound are | measured as carefully as a doctor’s pre- | scription. If, however, the mixing of rubber were done in the same hand labor fashion as the drug store prescription, a lot of us who now ride in automobiles would be walking because of the high cost of tires. In the tire factory, a check- | ing scale automatically allows the passage on to the mixing room of metal baskets holding the various ingredients for the rubber mixture that is to be made. If the haskets have too much or too little, that scale inspector reports the fault. F IT were not for one of these guardian the people of Minneapolis would, some unhappy day, find the water that flows from their faucets tasting abominably of that flavor which the soldiers of the A. E. F. called “‘vacci- nated.” After the chemists of the Minneapolis water supply department have made their bacteria counts, they determine the necessary amount of chlorine. The big chlorine bottles, each | containing 150 pounds, are upended the channel through which the flows. One scale measures the | flow of water; another scale measures the | flow of chlorine. Between these two automatic servants, Minneapolis gets a Water supply that is not only safely sani- tury but free from the nauseating flavor of the purifying agency. In every phase of the management of the big enterprises that make it possible lor Americans to have more creature comforts than any other people in the world, scales are playing a magic part. Suddenly deprived of them, our world Would be a topsy turvy place in which lew of us would be able to determine the Value of anything. seales, over water MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION See How Easy it is to Quickly 141 Become a Powerful Speaker Powerful Speech has shown thousands an amazingly easy way to win advancement in salary and position, a remarkably quick way to gain popularity, standing and success. You, too can quickly conquer stage fright, self-consciousness, tim- idity and bashfulness and become a powerful and convincing speaker who can bend others to your will and dominate one man or an audience of thousands. HERE is no magie, no trick, no mys- tery about becoming a powerful and convincing public speaker. Those who believe that the ability to speak forcefully belongs only to afew lecturers are making a serious mistake. I will prove that vou, too, ean quickly become a powerful speaker and can use that gift to win promotion, salary increases, popularity, power. By an amaz- ing five minute test I will show how to dis- cover whether you are one of the 7 men out of every 9 who have this “‘hidden knack’”’ What 15 Minutes a Day Will Show You How to talk before your club or lodge How to address bond meetings How to propose and respond to toasts How to make a political speech How to tell entertaining stories How to make after-dinner speeches How to converse interestingly How to write better letters How to sell more goods How to train your memory How to enlarge your vocabulary How to develop self-confidence How to acquire a winning personality How to strengthen your will-power and ambition How to become a clear, accurate thinker How to develop your power of concentra- tion How to be the master of any situation and do not know it. Men in almost every profession and line of business have made this test and then taken their first step toward success in a large way. Why Powerful Speakers Are Always Leaders It is the man who can put his ideas into con- Geet vineing speech—the man who can sway at his will and dominate one man or a thousand—who is sought out and asked to fill big, important, high- salaried positions. He is a leader; he stands head and shoulders above the mass. | am going to prove that you can be such a man by simply bringing out your “hidden personality” which is fighting for recogni tion but which you keep hemmed in by self-conscious- lack of confidence in yourself, timidity and bashfulness. others ness, It Is Amazingly Easy to Quickly Become a Powerful Speaker You do not need a college educati: ym nor vious voice training to become | a power any pre- ful speaker How Ta Work a US with I will show you the secret that causes one man to rise from an obscure position to the head of a great corporation; another from the rank and file of polit- ic il worker to national prominence, an ordinary rades union member to the national leadership of gre at labor unions; a timid and retiring man to change suddenly into a popular and much applauded afte r-dinner and banquet speaker. Thousands have accomplished just such amazing things due to this simple, easy, yet effective tr aining. You Become a Good Speaker— Or I Don’t Want a Penny I do not care what line of business you are in; how bashful, timid and self-conscious you now are; I will guarantee to make you a powertul, convincing and easy speaker within a few weeks if you will give me 15 minutes a day in the privacy of your own home. I know what I have done for thousands of others and what remarkable results have been se- cured often in a month’s time. Therefore, if I can not make you a powerful speaker I guarantee to return every penny you have paid me and you owe nothing. Amazing Book Free Mail Coupon If you will fill in and mail the coupon at once, will receive a remarkable new book called ‘‘How to Work Wonders with Words " This book gives you an amazing test by which you c: an determine for your- self in five minutes whether you are one of the seven men out of every nine who the “hidde seem ol of powerful speech, but do not know it De- ide for yourself if you are going to allow 15 minutes da y tostand between you and success. Thousands fines found this to be the biggest step forward in their lives. If it has played such an important part ATT as in the lives of many big men, © it not in yours? 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142 Discovered / “The Scientific Secret of Caruso’s Amazing Vocal Power ces, A post mortem of Caruso’s = throat showed euperb de- velopment of his Hyo- Glossus muscle — again roving the soundness of Jugene Feuchtinger’s theories of voice produc- tion. Eugene Feuchtinger,A.M., Musician ~ Scientist, who discovered a method for developing the singing or speaking voice of any man or woman by strengthening the Hyo-Glossus muscle. The arrow points to the all - important Hyo-Glosesus muscle. hether your voice is etrong or weak, pleas- ant or «unpleasant, harsh or melodi tous, depends upon the de- velopment of that muscle. The ' Great Discovery Professor Feuchtinger, A. M.—famous in the music centers of Europe—discovered the secret of the Hyo-Glossus muscle. He devoted years of his life to scientific re- search and finally perfected a system of voice training that will develop your Hyo- Glossus muscle by simple, silent exercises right in your own home. Opera Stars His Students Since the Professor brought his discovery to America, orators, choir singers, club women, preachers and teachers— over 10,000 happy pupils have received his won- derful training. There is nothing complicated about Phys- ical Voice Culture. It is ideally adapted for correspondence instruction. The ex- ercises are silent. You can practice them in the privacy of your own home. The results are positive, 100% Improvement Guaranteed The Perfect Voice Institute guarantees that Physical Voice Culture will improve your voice 100%. You are to be your own judge—take this training—if your voice is not improved 100% in your Own opinion, we will refund your money. Send for FREE Book Send us the coupon below and we'll send you FREE this valuable work, *‘Physical Voice Culture’’ Prof. Feuchtinger is glad to give you this book. You assume no ob- ligation but will do yourself a great and lasting good by studying it. It may be the first step in your career. Do not delay. Perfect Voice Institute 1922 Sunnyside Ave., Studio 13-62 Chicago ' ‘ a y Perfect Voice Institute sutio 4S:en Chicago 7 Please send me a copy of your new FREE book, ' Physical Voice Culture’. I understand that it is ' mine to keep and there is no obligation on my part. i I am interested in 5 C Singing © Speaking © Stammering 1 Weak Voice ' - | Sunstein rasta esesiinsnkaineeieiseoanaiahsaenaias t f Address | | ‘ atc ciieniiiiiate MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION February, 1927 | | | Thomas Jefferson, Scientist (Continued from page 19) from the beginning, under the influence of Jefferson, have been based upon the idea of giving the inventor the most com- plete protection and wopportunity for profit. This was in accord with Jefferson’s political creed, which placed the rights of the individual above those of the State. Beyond doubt the greatest stimulus which Jefferson experienced in his pur- suit of scientific knowledge came from Benjamin Franklin. The two men served together in the Continental Congress and their friendship lasted until Franklin’s death. At the close of the Revolution Jefferson was sent to France, first as an assistant to Franklin in negotiating treaties, then as Franklin’s successor as Minister to France. Paris, even in those troubled times, was the world’s center of science, and here Jefferson formed con- tacts which lasted the rest of his life. S A farmer, his first interest was in matters botanical and agricultural. In the great variety of trees, grains and fruits grown in Europe he sought new species which might be successfully in- troduced on this side of the Atlantic. Upland rice was one of these, and for years he attempted to establish its cul- ture in the South. He sent over many cuttings of olive trees, in the hope that | they might flourish in the new world. After his return from France, for twenty- three years he received annually a box of seeds from Paris. An interesting phase of his stay in Paris was his attention to the manufacture of artificial pearls, then just beginning to be established by the method whereby finest pearl imitations are still made. Thin glass spheres are covered on the inside with a solution of fish scales known as “essence de lOrient.” The center is then filled with wax and the result is a gem which retains the luster of the true pearl for many years. It occurred to Jefferson that some species of American fish might yield the “essence,” and he had his friend, Francis Hopkinson, send over several bottles of fish scales. But nothing came of this because, as Jefferson wrote back, pearls were getting out of fashion, ‘polite people are not wearing them at all and the poor are not able to buy them!” ACK in America he began the corre- spondence with the great French naturalist Buffon, whose statement about North American animals in his new book Jefferson successfully challenged. He wrote the first recorded description of the pecan nut, a native of America. In some of his letters he discussed the relationship of forests to rainfall in a manner quite in accord with modern scientific knowledge. He engaged in speculative theories as to the American Indians, whom he was one of the first to regard as of Asiatic origin. On his farm he made many implements and instruments, some of original de- sign, others patterned after objects he had seen abroad. Besides the plow, swivel chair, buggy top and hemp beater al- ready mentioned, he invented a barom- eter, a thermometer and a wind gage. He worked out scale drawings for the con- struction of a carriage. Hearing that a man named Hawkins, of Frankford, Pennsylvania, had invented a machine called a “polygraph” for writing several copies at once by means of multiple pens, he suggested certain improvements in it, had one made to his own order to use two pens, and thereafter wrote all of his letters with this machine, retaining an exact autograph copy in ink of all of his correspondence. He worked out the markings for a sundial calculated for the latitude of Monticello, his Virginia home. ROBABLY the most important con- tribution which Jefferson brought back from France was a complete working knowledge of the Classical Renaissance style of architecture, which he considered to be perfectly adapted to America. His first application of these new architectural principles was in the building of his own | mansion, Monticello, which is still re- | garded as one of the finest specimens of domestic architecture in America. He drew the plans himself and superintended every detail of the construction, even to the building of the kilns for baking the brick of which the house is made. The principal internal innovation over other mansions of the time was the subordina- tion of the staircase from a place of decorative importance into a mere utility. After building Monticello, Jefferson drew the plans for the buildings of the University of Virginia at Charlottesville. The principal ones of these structures, de- signed by him, still form the central fea- ture of what is probably the most beauti- ful group of buildings in America. MONG his inventions, the improved moldboard for plows ranks in first importance. This was distinctly a prod- uct of American conditions. The older forms of plows were suitable for turning the soil of old clearings; the cultivation of the virgin soil of America required a plow which would turn over the heavy sod of the prairies. Jefferson’s original model was sent to Paris, where it is still to be seen at the Institut Nationale Agronomique. Next to the Revolution itself, the most important episode in the history of the United States was undoubtedly the pur- chase from France of the great territory known as Louisiana, stretching from the Gulf to Canada and from the Mississipp! to the summit of the Rockies. Jefferson, as President, was enthusiastically inter- ested in discovering what the new terri- tory held in natural resources. It was under his personal direction that the epoch-making journey of Lewis and Clark, from St. Louis to Oregon, was made. Jefferson had chosen Lewis to head the expedition because of his ability as @ | naturalist. Jefferson’s interest in science neve! abated, although he lived to the ripe age of eighty-three. At seventy-five we find him ;becoming a subscriber to the first scientific publication on this side of the ocean, the American Journal of Scvence, | with a letter of appreciation to its editor. Februar My im] Re: tio: (ev anc pro ili tim Thi fro law pro for str All der ize cas His

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February, 1927

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PATENTS REGISTERED PATENT LAWYER Untrep Srates Capirou” PATENTS DON’T LOSE YOUR RIGHTS TO PATENT PROTECTION Before disclosing your invention to anyone send for blank form “EVIDENCE OF CON- CEPTION” to be signed and witnessed. As registered patent attorneys we represent hundreds of inventors all over the United States and Canada in the advancement of in- ventions. The form “Evidence of Conception,” sample, instructions relating to obtaining of patents and schedule of fees sent upon request. LANCASTER & ALLWINE 274 Ouray Building WASHINGTON, D. C. Originators of forms “Evidence of Conception.” 1000 NEEDED INVENTIONS! re is the most remarkable book ever offered to iventors. One Thousand needed inventions listed ‘ described, Arranged as follows: General Problems; Automotive; Mechanical; Electrical; Chenical; Radio; Marine. Separate chapter on the Ten Most Needed Inventions. This book may give you one idea that will win you a fortune. Nothing else like it has ever been published. 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COLEMAN Rochester, New York | ee MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION Highest References Best Results Send drawing or model for preliminary examination of Patent Office records 724-9th Street, N. W., Victor Building ’ WASHINGTON, D. C. | sure resulting from a fall has the effect ‘ SCHOOL FOR BUILDERS Leat nto Read Billions SorbeBfing. $3,000 p NIS to $15,000 a hd or men LUE RI whocan read blueprintsand 77, Weeks-New, Beet eemtte Easy. Short ~ icago Tech. School for Build kes you a trained Cut Method. cides Acommon schooling is all you need. Evening Classes. Enter any time. Write for free coats, 2 dip ormation on this short 12 weeks’ course. neesst2ethst. Chicago Technical College —ma“ANY BOOK . Standard authors, fine edi- ag all at biggest sav- ings. Be sure to send postcard for Clarkson’s catalog. 1 Pr cee course in literature and is 80 ui ica’ rsities; 900,00 Gee ersskan trom. roe if you wrhtoncw. THE BOOK DAVID B. CLARKSON ckoxer 220 CLARKSON BUILDING, CHICAGO, ILL. Handbook with illustrations, 100 mechanical movements. Sent free on request. ALBERT E. DIETERICH Formerly member Examining Corp. U. S. Patent Office 681-A Ouray Bldg. Washington, D. C. ON A CASH OR ROYALTY BASIS WTF (n Business 2S Years -Complete Facilities-Relerences. lay out building work. 12 Practical instructors. Part time work available; earn IN PRINT | Write for our great book cat- Patent Lawyer and Solicitor £ZD or UNPATENT£ZZ rite ADAM FISHER MFc. Co.. weeks’ fascinating study at while learning. Free employment service. Day or Delivered at your door. Wepaythe | ey C Cc FREE alog. This catalog is a Sons Trade-marks, Copyrights, Patent Litigation, 27 years’ experience 183-D Enright Ave. St. Louis.Mo. | our terms, methods, etc. Send of your invention for Inspec- tion and Instructions Free. Terms Reasonable. Best Ref- erences. RANDOLPH & CO. Dept.130, Washington, D.C. NVENTORS ,2PR°TEr Send for our Guide Book, HOW TO GET YOUR PATENT, and Evidence of Invention Blank, sent Free on request. PROTECT Tells model or sketch and description NAME.. © D 3 zx 2 pa4 Conquest of the Deep (Continued from page 31) February, 1927 death twenty years before. Hoar was | sucked into the mouth of an outlet pipe. | For four days rescuers frantically tried to pull him from the grip of the rushing waters. He died when a rope fastened around him, pulled by a team of horses, cut through his diving suit and allowed the water to enter. THING dreaded by divers as much as anything is the possibility of falling into a hole. Suddenly increased _pres- of forcing air from the rubber diving suit into the helmet. When this happens, the extra pressure may drive the diver into his helmet with such force as to cause serious injury or death. This type of accident is called a “squeeze.” Improved means of controlling the air supply has somewhat reduced this danger. While medical science has listed va- rious causes of undersea mishaps, divers have some strange adventures that defy classification. Charles P. Everett once missed death by inches while working on the wreck of a sunken ferryboat in New York harbor. At slack water there was a wide space between the outer and inner hulls of the ship, and into this space Everett walked. While he was there the tide turned, and the current closed the gap. With such tools as he carried, Everett managed to escape from the trap by tearing a hole in the hull large enough to allow his body to pass. Emergencies like this, requiring unex- pected exertion, quickly sap the strength of the diver, especially at great depths. A. Y. Catto, gunner in the British Navy, attested this after an experience in which his lines became entangled with an anchor hawser 180 feet down. For nor- mal undersea work his air supply was suffi- cient, but not for the struggle required to free himself. After twenty minutes he was so weakened by asphyxiating carbon dioxide that he realized he might become unconscious unless he stopped to rest. But he dared not rest, for he already had greatly exceeded the time considered safe | for submersion. In this dilemma he risked unconsciousness, made one supreme el- | fort—and found himself free. HROUGH the glass windows of their | helmets, divers look upon many strange creatures of the deep; yet these are not the enemies that they fear. Many stories have been told of battles between divers and man-eating sharks. Actually, though, divers say, sharks can be fright- ened away easily by releasing air bubbles from the diving suit. The octopus 1s more | dangerous. Some years ago T. Yamaguchi, | a Japanese diver working near the coast of Southern California, was attacked by 4 | devil fish weighing nearly 300 pounds. He stepped right into the creature's ten- tacles, and in a second the great arms | were entwined about him. Exhausted by his struggles, he gave the emergency 5!8- | nal and was hauled to the surface, the | octopus still clinging to him. The ten- | tacles had to be cut away before the man | could be released from his suit. Fel a

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February, 1927 wal | id : rg | Tires. & War ‘WN New York Office Suite 1007 Woolworth Bldg. Philadelphia, Pa., Office Suite 518-519 Liberty Bldg. 4 Washington, D. C., Office Victor Bldg. MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION COPYRIGHTS OUR OFFER: Your first step ZY Before disclosing an invention the inventor should write for our blank form “RECORD OF INVENTION.” This should be signed, witnessed and returned to us together with model or sketch and description of the in- vention for INSPECTION and INSTRUC- TIONS. NO CHARGE FOR THE ABOVE INFORMATION Our Four Books Mailed Free to Inventors Our Illustrated Guide Book HOW TO OBTAIN A PATENT Contains full instructions regarding U. S. Patents. Our Methods, Terms, and 100 Mechanical Movements illustrated and de- scribed. OUR TRADE-MARK BOOK Shows value and necessity of Trade-Mark Protection. Information regarding Trade- Marks and unfair competition in trade. OUR FOREIGN BOOK We have Direct Agencies in Foreign Coun- tries, and secure Foreign Patents in shortest time and at lowest cost. Progress of Invention Description of World’s Most Pressing Problems by Leading Scientists and Inventors ALL COMMUNICATIONS AND DATA STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL INTERFERENCE AND INFRINGEMENT SUITS PROSECUTED IMPORTANT TO MAKE YOUR CASE SPECIAL AND AVOID DELAY YOU SHOULD HAVE YOUR CASE MADE SPECIAL IN OUR OFFICE to secure protection, save correspondence and obtain early filing date in Patent Office. To secure special preparation of your case send $25.00 on account with model or sketch and description of your invention. Private Office, Victor J. Evans, with view of Patent Office Through Window Prompt Attention Reasonable Terms + VICTOR J. EVANS & CO., Patent Attorneys | Highest References Main Offices: 760-9th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. | Gentlemen: Please send me FREE OF CHARGE your FREE books as described above. | | SX EL | | 1 ee ee ee ee | | ee Chicago, Ill., Office Suite 1114 Tacoma Bldg. Pittsburgh, Pa., Office Suite 514 Empire Bldg. ee ae cs Ba) Se BE ie FSi TT a ae jen oe ek See 5 % mmm sari Ce ee tee 2 cua [1a 7 EL a 7 ea SUraier a0 Pm EI ian wala ay ween Pee se eee mee [ee ee ee we ey AR] oth ie! ca a ae P| San Francisco, Cal., Office Suite 1010 Hobart Bldg.

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Mechanical Engineering Learn at Home CHANICAL struction and t Engineering embraces the design, con- 1 operation of machines and machine yOIS. It is a profession which offers almost unlimited opportunities to men who combine natural mechan- ical y with technical training. For this is The Age of Machinery. Almost every convenience, luxury or necessity which we enjoy de- pends on machinery for its production or adaptability to our needs. Every new invention multiplies the opportunities for competent designers, builders, erect- ing engineers, etc. One of the best ways to train yourself to secure a position nome-study courses of the dence Schools These courses are complete and they are especially arranged to meet the needs student who studies at home. They are particularly hel written by well-known have had years of and who know the problem. Just mark and as a Mechanical Engineer is through the International Correspon- up-to-date, and of the pful because they are Recs sien al engineers who practical experience in this field quickest, best way to solve every mail the coupon and we'll gladly send you Free Booklets describing the I. C. S. courses in Mechani ‘ineering Or any other course in which you are interested. Mail the Coupon for Free Booklet INTERNATIONAL | CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS Box 7623-€, Scranton, Penna. Without cost or obligation, } please send me one of your booklets and tell me how I rath qualify for the position or in the subject before which I have marked an X: (] Mechanical Engineering (1) Toolmaking {_) Mechanical Course {| Blacksmithing and Forging {_| Drafting { |Patternmaking [_} Mechanical Drawing (_) Foundrywork {|} Complete Shop Practice L)Machine Shop Practice LL) Electrical Engineering (J Architects’ Blueprints () Electrie Lighting () Contractor and Builder { } Radio (CJ Architectural Draftsman CJ Railroad Positions C) Concrete Builder () Civil Engineer (J Structural Engineer (J) Surveying a | Mapping (j Chemistry -) Pharmaey {_) Metallurgy Mining Airplane Engines (J Steam Engineering } Agriculture and Poultry Cj Architect CJ Mathematics BUSINESS TRAINING COURSES Bu isiness M nagement (J Spanish Industrial Mar ace BK rench 8 4 () Personnel Oreanization C) Advertising (_) Traffic Mana eet ent [ Better Letters { 15S iness I L]Show Card Lettering sanking and . inking Law ([J)Stenography and Typing aA ountancy (including []Business English eh a OL L) Civil Service (C0 Nicholson Cost Accounting (Railway Mail Clerk C) Bookkeeping (JCommon School Subjects (] Private Secretary L} High School Subjects [) Sulesmanship (J Illustrating Na t s ‘ \ddress ( S.ate Easy toDraw Cartoons When Shown in the RIGHT WAY Some of the cleverest cartoonists and comic learned how to draw in their spare time by following Cartoonist Evans’ Simple and Easy to Learn Method and are now MAKING 'G OOD MONEY. Send one of your drawings, and let Mr. Evans see it you have ability and receive the Portfolio of Cartoons and full details about the course. It is not expensive. artists THE W. L. EVANS SCHOOL OF conveomne 825 Leader Building Ohie MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION Nature’s Building Bricks (Continued from page 28) fiber from which the most durable trunks are made. Thanks largely to the trade promotion activities of the United States Department of Commerce, these fiber- made trunks are now being sold in Ru- mania. The court lady finds them useful. And so you have thec omplete cycle. Who says it is not a romance? Paper is the elder brother of all the products of vegetable fiber. It is the ven- erable member of the family, and an age- Jong companion of man’s progress. It has been said with some justification that, in the United States, the history of paper is the history of the country. During the Revolutionary War there was practically no paper, not enough, we know, to wad the guns for the soldiers, or to write the orders for the officers. By 1810 we were using paper at the rate of one pound a year for every person in the country. In 1923 this rate had in- creased to one hundred and fifty pounds apiece—15,000 percent in a little over a century. Assuming the average weight of an individual is 150 pounds, we now con- sume yearly as much paper as we weigh. A TO the new uses for paper, they are amazing. Here is a partial list, drawn up for me by John Matthews, who is the paper expert of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce: Drinking cups, towels, bandages, milk bottles, oyster cans, receptacles for a whole array of commercial products, grease-proof paper, filter paper, insulation covering, fiber board for trunks and bags, leather board, backing for linoleum, sheathing and roofing paper, shingles, twine, rope, cord, furniture (to replace rattan and bamboo), clothing, such as shirts, and_ stockings: handker- chiefs, napkins, collars, papier mache, matting, sausage skins, plates, carbon paper and many others. “Ts it true?” I asked Mr. Matthews, “that we have been wasteful with our paper pulp resources, and that, very soon, we may be up against a paper crisis?” shoes, " ES,” he said. “During the past few vears there has been a very radical increase—fully twenty percent—in_ the amount of news print consumed in the United States, as well as a large increase in the use of the paper base for insulation and the manufacture of the many differ- ent kinds of containers. Our soft wood supplies are being used up for the manu- facture of paper with startling rapidity. Our forests are being depleted and we will soon have to get new fibrous mate- rials from which to make our paper and its by-products.” Modern life could not continue without paper. From the moment of our birth to the end of our life we are dependent upon it at almost every step. It is the means of travel; essential in the purchase of the necessities life and—most important of all—it has been one of the leading in- struments in the development of society. When you go into a shop and buy a yard of cotton or woolen goods (for we do the same things with wool as with cotton), did you Continued on page 147) February, 1927 To the Man With an Idea I offer a most comprehensive, experi- enced, efficient service for his prompt, legal protection and the development of his proposition. Send sketch, advice or model and description, for as to cost, search through prior United States patents. etc. Preliminary advice glad- ly furnished without charge. My experience and familiarity with various arts, frequently enable m> to accurately ad- vise clients as to probable patentability be- fore they go to any expense. Rooklet of valuable information and form for properly disclosing your idea, free on re- juest. Write today. RICHARD B. OWEN Patent Lawyer 6 Owen Building, Washington, D. C. 41-D, Park Row New York City TRADE - MARKS “REGISTERED ; of Successful rod 4° CARTOONING Revealed / Now you can learn how the cartoonists actually draw comical pictures A remarkable book written by one of America’s noted artists, called: ‘“‘Commercial Art and Cariooning.”’ No long drawn out corre spondence course This One Big Book Explains Everything. Contains 125 illustrations—14 chapters. TELLS ABOUT Elementary Draw- ing, Still Life, Pen, Ink, Charcoal and Crayon Work, Cartooning. Why spend more money for a course when you can get all the information in one book for $2.00. Book bound in flexibie imt. leather, Sent ante receipt of $2.00. (C.O. extra.) OGILVIE PUBLISHING co. 57 Rose St. Dept. 96 New York Demonstratingagent wanted; every county. Ex. } clusive to right man. Sell what public wants — five tube, long distance, loud speaker radio with single dial control. Price within reach of all, $25.00 retail ;liberal discount to agents. Sell in spare time—evenings. Noselling or radio experi- ence necessary. Territory going fast. 100 page Radio Book FREE. Write today—don’t delay. Cc. F. FISCHER,122 W. Austin Ave.,Chicago | As one of the oldest pat- ent firms in America we give inventors at somes consistent charge, service noted for results, evidenced by many well «og Patents of extraor*inary value. Book, Patent-Sense, free. hacey&Lacey, 648 F St.,Wash., D.C, Estab. 1869. Have You AN INVENTION? Ifso the WORLD PROGRESS will send vou upon request sample copy Free containing Suggestions to Inventors as to Inventions Needed. We invite manufacturers to address us regarding inven tions they want. Subscription for one year 60 cents. WORLD PROGRESS PUB. CO., INC. Room 202 Victor Bidg. Washington, D. C. A 2c STAMP —will start you on the road to success. See Money Making Op- portunities on pages 128 to 159. Fel bi Ww ch th dr lu pel has pre Ing du 210 Wo] 000 iy of r 000 the suk 1 pap sma ule pres Fer alco Vege celle celly Whic and sol ve “nit Whi plast and prod inite of na rOomé —

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February, 1927

MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION

Nature’s Building Bricks (Continued from page 146) ever realize that in this yard there is be- tween three and three and a half miles of thread? This thread did not grow on a plant or an animal’s back in this fashion. It had to go through literally dozens of preparatory operations before it was ready for the shop keeper to hand it to you over his counter. All the skill that science can muster has been employed in separating the little vegetable bricks from the natural mortar, so that we could pro- duce cellulose and build up new wonders. A vista of really wonderful possibilities is opened up by the dev elopment of rayon, the new silk. This wonderful fiber—the only one completely controlled by man— is only artificial silk, that is, silk produc red without the assistance of the worm. It is built up out of purely vegetable fiber. Most extraordinary is the list of things we are making from rayon. The modern chemist can take the old kitchen table, the square piano, or the discarded house dress, and turn it into a pair of beautiful, lustrous stockings. He can do much more.

HE genie of Aladdin’s lamp,” says Edward T. Pickard, textile expert of the Department of Commerce, “can take the kitchen table and make out of it, not only a pair of stockings, but the very | best kind of paint for your automobile, motion picture and camera films, imita- tion ivory and amber, various forms of celluloid, guncotton, transparent wrap- pings for candy boxes, unbreakable glass and many other astonishing things.” “What effect has this development of ravon had on the textile industry in gen- eral?’ T asked Mr. Pickard. *Revolutionized it. In hosiery, dra- peries, underwear of every description, it las come to stay. I estimate that we will produce 65,000,000 pounds of rayon dur- ing the present year. Last year the pro- duction was 55,000,000 pounds. Probably 210,000,000 pounds will represent the world’s total in 1926, as against 185,000,- 000 pounds in 1925. Mi EN years ago, the American people used only a couple of million pounds of rayon, Last year they consumed 60,- 000,000 pounds. We are now using about the same quantity of rayon as of natural silk.” Through the “mother stuff,”’ cellulose, paper has a good many relatives. Add the smallest proportion of water—one mole- cule—to cellulose, and the chemist can present to you glucose or grape sugar. Fermented and distilled, this becomes alcohol, All cotton, linen, and other vegetable fibers, speaking chemically, are cellulose. Add camphor to “nitrated” cellulose, and we have the material of which are fabricated moving picture films and many varieties of toilet articles. Dis- solve it in ether and alcohol, and this ‘hitrated”” cotton becomes collodion— which is nothing more than a liquid court plaster, Guncotton, smokeless powder and dynamite are “nitrated” cellulose products. And so on, to an almost indef- initelength, we might extend the list, built of nature’s bricks from vegetable fiber. A romance built on bricks—is it not?

— — | PATENT “While I am convinced that a claim covering this idea could have been drawn and would have been novel, this idea 15 not expressed in the claims in suit, and cannot be read into them.” —Judge Tuttle, in Great Western Mfg. Co. vs. Lowe

Your patent attorney must have skill and experience enough to see that your patent claims cover your invention completely. MUNN GC PATENT ATTORNEYS Associated since 1846 with the Scien tific American 1583 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BLDG. 522 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BLDG. 24 West 40th Street, New York Washington, D. ( 519 VAN NUYS BUILDING Los Angeles, Cal. 1311 TOWER BUILDING 664 HOBART BUILDING Chicago, Ill. San Francisco, Cal. Ask for free copy of ‘‘Patents — A Book of Facts Every Inventor Should Know’’ and for “‘Inventor's Diary.’’ Send for it NOW.

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148 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION Afew Quick Lines ~Thats Me! A Short Line Here. Another There. Now a Little Curve—a Splash of Shading—a Slight Bit of Exaggera- tion. That’s How Easy it is for Car- toonists to Make Pictures That Sell. ncrease Your Pay in Cartooning Never before have the fF pagan in Cartooning been so great, the field so varied, and the pay o big as RIGHT NOW. Good cartoonists are constantly in demand by 1ewspapers, Magazine tt Commercial Art Houses. Some earn as high as $250 a week and many even considerably higher. And yet, through an amazingly simple method you, too, can enter this fascinating big-pay No talent necessary No hours of drudgery. For by a remarkably easy method that’s just like play you learn car- tooning right in your own home in spare time. And almost before you realize it you profession. are actually drawing cartoons that sell. SEND FOR FREE BOOKLET A wonderfully interesting free booklet describing this easy method in detail, and giving you the highly profitable experiences of many students, will be sent to you absolute- ly free. Simply sign and } mail the coupon NOW. Washington School of Cartooning Room 242-E 1113-15th St., N. W. WASHINGTON, D.C. | SSSSRSTSSSSSSSSSSSESSSSSSSSSSSTSSSSSSSESESSTESeeseceee Washington School of Cartooning, Room 242-E, 1113-15th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Please send me, without obligation, your Free Booklet on Cartooning and full details on your new easy home-study method of teaching Car- tooning Piease Write Plainly ——, =? ~~ Name tate whether Mr., Miss or Mrs Address (If under 16, please give age Secrets Hidden in Our Bodies (Continued from page 26) problem was to find a way to use the needle on a microscopic object. Obviously the steadiest hand could not hope to move a needle within such a minute distance with any kind of precision. Dr. Barber's solution was an instrument con- sisting of a set of tubes filled with quick- silver. Delicate pressure on the quicksilver moved the needle slightly in one direction. Release of the \pressure moved it in the opposite direction. In his first experiments with this instrument, in 1907, Dr. Barber used it exclusively for picking up individual bacteria and isolating them. ‘The pos- sibility of using such a mechanical con- trivance actually to dissect a living cell was conceived four years later in the imagination of a young scientist, Dr. G. L. Kite, a graduate student of Cornell University. He and Dr. Chambers began experiments along this line, and together they reported the results of their first work in 1912. After Dr. Kite’s death, Dr. Chambers carried on the work, first using the instrument devised by Dr. Barber. This soon proved to be too crude for the purpose; so, with the aid of William Farnham, of the chemical engi- neering department of Columbia Univer- sity, Dr. Chambers invented the micro- manipulating instrument on page 26. ATER more than a score of these wonderful instruments were made by Mr. Farnham and distributed among universities in America and England. With their aid other experimenters, in- cluding Prof. Francis E. Lloyd of McGill University, Dr. D. T. MacDougal of the Carnegie Institution of Washington and Dr. William E. Seifriz of the University of Pennsylvania, have confirmed the conclusion that the protoplasm of a living cell actually has an internal struc- ‘ture, including tiny invisible threads of tougher material. Dr. Chamber’s apparatus employs two or even three glass needles made by Dr. Barber's original method. These needles, however, are controlled within the thou- sandths of an inch by means of microm- eter screws. One of the needles can be made to serve as a pipette for the injec- tion of chemicals, which are carried to it through a flexible tube from a syringe attached to the microscope. ; | Recent Publications | Science and Life, by Frederick Soddy, M.A., F.R.S., Dr. Lee’s Professor of Inor- ganie and Physical Chemistry, University of Oxford, England. Published by E. P. Dutton and Co. The author shows how the human lot improves through scien- tifie research, and pleads for more educa- tion in the sciences. Aircraft Instruments. Five experts in the aeronautic instruments section of the U. S. Bureau of Standards give clear descriptions of the aireraft instruments in general use in America and Europe, their operation and errors to which they are subject. Drawings. The Ronald Press Co. February, 1927 Need Cash? Men and Women! Do you want more money? Then write us today. We show you how to sell 9 out of 10 men you meet. They all wear shirts. We make tailored shirts and ship direct to wearer 85 | prices. Women buv for husbands. § 85 an hour for spare time/ ‘eo. Parsons makes $8.55 every evening Mrs. Parsons does nearly as well. You can too! Write for elegant selling equipments, styles, samples, etc. We furnish everything FRE E. Don't delay—start making grag HARRISON BROS., 133-141 West 21st Street ine York City. — toE JIMMY DeFOREST BOXING COURSE DEVELOPS CHAMPIONS BY MAIL Ss. Dept. —_ B, In 20 weeks, under the System of Jimmy DeForest, World's Greatest Trainer and Maker of Champwns, you will master the priceless knowk edge that made Jack Demp- sey his millions, and fortunes fora host of other Jimmy DeForest trained ring stars. Every 6 months 30 are selected from all classes and recommended to leading proe moters for boxing engagements. That's how pupils are brought to the front at once. Boys who were once rank amaten s are today earning big money; weaklings have been made str courageous; men have le arned the art of self-defe nse. Se oo r the now famous book ** The Golden Age of Boring,’’ gre Da of its kind ever written? full of valuable information, pho at fighters eget pnw [bags a successes over nigbt. Enc lose 0c le o cover cost o MY Del etc. rite now. DeFOREST BOXING COURSE 347 Mablesn Ave., Box 2214, New York City EN- WOMEN MANY 13 PER MONTH MAKE $ ANDMORE Hundreds of ordinary people are selling famous Premier Accident and Sickness Policy. Entire costs $10 yearly. Pays $5,000 for stated Accidental Death, $25. Accident and Sickness benefits, hospital benefits, emergency relict fund, other benefits. No medical examination, anyone 16 to71 accepted. No selling ability required. Strong old-line Company. Liberal commission or salary, bonus. Direct-by-mai! outfit, advertising campaign. Policy sells itself. Write for ter:itory. UNDERWRITERS No. 701 Bonnell Bldg. NEWARK, NEW JERSEY women, boygrairie whe end Taalrecses: are goin $3000 os receive prizes—from th $500 additional for oni ne 4 make this offer sad ag ager who an- —— aN want to sen E sam notary ae Send no money! No obliga- tone Nothing to buy—now orever! Jus **Send me our free sample. How —n | ert a prize?’ ‘, “Write today! a. F.G. STAYTE EN, Room 62, . Ulinois St., Chicago, ! “STAMMERING fs Guuse and dire * You can be quickly cured if you stammer. Se nd; 10 cents, coin or stamps, for 288 page cloth bound book on Stammering and Stuttering. It tells how I cure myself after Stammering and Cee ring for 20 years AMIN N. BOGUE ‘eh 7538 Bogue Bidg.. 1147 N. un St. Indianapolis 5 Experiments with 110- Volt Alternating Current By J. D. ADAMS Here at last is a book that de- velops a practical working familiarity with the alternating current— _ form in which electricity is used 1 every home. 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February,1927 — | ‘‘Such Beasts Never Lived!’’ (Continued from page 39) ally, when some creature settled to rest _ and was quickly and quietly covered with | fine mud, the rocky impression left was complete even to ‘the indicated scales, feathers or, in some cases, the smooth skin. Otherwise there is little to guide science in determining the outer covering. Then it is that the law of probabilities is invoked. A bird, for instance, invariably is clad in feathers; mammals, fur and hair; reptiles, with many varieties of plates and scales. | Perhaps the most curious of the feathered giants was the Phororhacos, found by Barnum Brown in Patagonia. He stood seven or eight feet in height, had sharp clawed feet, a huge head measuring twenty-three inches long, a neck as thick as that of a horse and a beak as sharp as an ice pick. HE great marine monsters, a form of reptile that preceded or were contem- porary with the dinosaur, have given much trouble to those trying to restore them. The Plesiosaur, likened to a “snake, threaded through the body of a turtle,” had his long neck tied into a knot like a serpent, according to one restora- tion. The great Mossaur, another marine curiosity, we are told, grew to 100 feet in length! The first known fossil of this creature was found just before the French revolution. Probably comrades of the | Mossaur were two other strange creatures, Archelon, king of the sea turtles, and Hesperornis, a giant-toothed diver, a sort of hybrid bird-fish. Hesperornis, the strange bird-fish, is still puzzling scientists. Its hollow hones indicate it lived on land, but the lhuild of its feet seems to disprove that. More mystery is added by a rock impres- showing that it had smooth soft feathers, considered rather inadequate for a bird of exclusively aquatic habits. And its legs did not grow in the ordinary posi- tion but stood out at right angles like a pair of oars! — a sion EUGLODON, a yoke-toothed whale- —4 like creature, was a monster fifty to seventy feet long, not more than six or eight feet through at the thickest part of his body, withan elongated pointed head, jaws bristling with grasping and cutting teeth. Koch once restored a Zeuglodon as a monster of 114 feet, having combined the vertebrae of several individuals. He toured Europe with it under the name of “water king,” and is said to have made a fortune before it was purchased by the | Museum of Dresden, which promptly reduced it to its proper dimensions. An extinet shark, called the Megalodon, is known only by its teeth, which are three, four and five inches long. Based on the size of these teeth, it is estimated the Megalodon must have been 120 feet long, or larger than any modern whale. Little is known of the birds that peopled the air millions of years ago; the flying reptiles or dragons of the air left a better trace of their stay. The Ptero- dactyls, largest of all flying creatures, had ho scales but (Continued on page 150) atthe i MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION 1. 000. Find Out How Easy It Is to Make $4,500 to $12,000 a Year Learn to read Blue Prints this amazing new way! Get into the world’s richest industry—Building! See how my ER yee can train for $4,500 te $12,000 a year! Book ‘‘How to Read Blue Prints’’ pa -lle. atl aa so-called ‘‘mysteries’’ of Blue Print Reading—also gives some startling facts about the nine best jobs in America. Send no money—just mail the coupon! N° LONGER need you spend years trying to 1 pick up the ‘‘mysteries’’ of Blue Print Plan Reading. For now a quick, sure practical method has been perfected that has made thousands of men Blue Print Experts in a surprisingly short time. The Secret of Big Money This is no ordinary ‘“‘school course.”’ It is practical from start to finish. it is based on many sets of real Blue Prints—plans that would cost thousands of dollars if purchased from the architects. Twenty famous experts in all lines of construction work talk over these Blue Prints with you in plain simple language. Show you every detail and short cut. Tell you the “secrets” of quick, accurate estimating. Iixplain Superinteading. Give you many _ inside fac ts and money making methods used by the “giants” of the Building Industry. This is the kind of training that quickly puts men into $4,500 to $12,000 a year jobs—or into profitable contracting businesses of their own. Yet now you get it right at home in only 2 or 3 months. It re- quires no extensive edu- eation. If you can under- stand whatis written here you can easily master it. if You Live Nearby Visit our big day or eve- ning school attended by over 500 Builders. You can get the same training at home by mail—same plans, lessons and _in- structors. Your spare time is enough. Chicago Technical CHOOL for BUILDER Dept. B-150,118 East 26th Street, Chicago, III. Building Superin- tendent—$5,000 to $12,- 2. Building Inspector —$4,800 to $8,000. 3. Appraiser—$6,000 to $10,000. 4. Material $5,000 to $7,500. 5. Material Salesman —$5,000 to $12,000. BLUE y F REE PRINTS AND FREE BOOK “HOW TO READ BLUE PRINTS” SHOW YOU THE WAY TO BIG PAY JOBS 6. Building Estimator $6,000 to $10,000. 7. Real Estate Expert —$5,500 to $12,000. 8. Construction Fore- man—$4,500_to $8,500. 9. CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER IN A BUSINESS OF YOUR OWN-—$5,000 to $12,000. Buyer — See what this training has done for others: Barthol- omew, Calif., became a contractor at an increase of over 300% his first year; Dickerson, R. I., increased his salary 700% in 12 months; Marchand, La., says: ““My income has increased 200% and I now have more contracting work than I can do.” Amazing Opportunities Over seven billion dollars will be spent this year in new construction! No wonder, then, such tremen- dous opportunities are open to you when you have this ‘“‘head-work”’ training in Blue Prints. If you want more money—real big money choose a “Blue Print” job in Building. Salesman, Carpenter or Bricklayer, field where opportunities for limited! Soaccept my FREE gift of a complete set of real Blue Prints, and fascinating Book “How To ReadBluePrints”’ that tells all about Blue Print Plans. Don’t send one penny—pay noC.O.D. Just fill out and mail the coupon to- day—NOW! FREE {SS eeasesesseseeeseseseeseseeseeses . = Chicago Technical College, Dept. B-150, Chicago Tech. Building, 118 East 26th Street, Chicago, Illinois. Please send me your free book ‘‘ How to Read Blue Prints,” and complete set of real Blue Prints. I understand these —then Clerk or here is the one adv: ancement un- TWo BOOKS are are mine to keep without obligation. It is also understood that no salesman will call on me. Ee ee Pn Pee eee een Pare ee NIN ard crue saendinre aie Whe wena eak. a dee Saw ewe ne wea C - ‘s te 2 TV cccescccesccceces Sa NS ea nie ae dave oe 4 . ASB ceves . Occupation. . : Make More Mone Read the Money Making Opportunities on pages 128 to 159 of this issue. Travel on “Uncle Sam’s” Payroll RAILWAY POSTAL CLERKS MAIL CARRIERS FRANKLIN INSTITUTE, ° COUPON=> ,¢ o” Dept. E-271 Rochester, N.Y. Sirs: Rush tome without charge oe 1) Specimen Railway Postal C jerk ae Coaching (2) FREE 32-page poms $1700 to $3000 Year ot open tomes and “aotmcn god tal partic Ve V7 TIP SHOULD MAIL COUPON oe N MEN—BOVYS, 17 UP acamaateas + of SN ccatececsvcedeccwevenewa esietiea Steady Work. No Layoffs. Paid Vacations. AAGMEE coceceewecvees verctesdeeouoesres

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“There’s One Man We're Going to Keep” “Ed Wilson, there, is one of the most ambitious men inthe plant. I notice that he never fools away his spare time. He studies his International Correspondence Schools course every chance he gets. “It’s been the making of him, too. He hasn't been here nearly so long as Tom Downey, who was laid off yesterday, but he Knows ten times as much about this business, “T’m going to give him Tom’s job ata raise in salary. He’s the kind of man we want around here.” OW do you stand in your shop or office? Are you an Ed Wilson or a Tom Downey? Are you going up? Or down? No matter where you live, the International Cor- respondence Schools will come to you. No matter what your handicaps or how small your means, we have a plan to meet your circumstances. No matter how limited your previous education, the simply- written, wonderfully-illustrated I, C. S. textbooks make it easy to learn. This is all we ask: ing yourself in we can help you. Without cost, without obligat- y way, put it up to us to prove how Just mark and mai) this coupon. INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS Box 7621-E, Scranton, Penna. t or obligation, please send me one of your lets and tell me how I can qualify for the position or in the subject before which I have marked an X: BUSINESS TRAINING COURSES isiness Management JSalesmanship Without er B {J In al Management [J Advertising L)Per 1 Organization _|Better Letters L)Traftic Management [JShow Card Lettering { }Business Law _JStenography and Typing [} Banking and Banking Law ()Business English [ ountaney (including C.P.A.) (Civil Service C) } Cost Accounting [ JRailway Mail Clerk { i kkeeping [JCommon School Subjects ()Private Secretary [Jiligh School Subjects L)Spanish [ Jillustrating (French LjCartooning TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL COURSES O Electrical Engineering Architect L) Electric Lighti JArchitects’ Blueprints { ] Mechanical Engineer JContractor and Builder {.] Mechanical Draftsman JArchitectural Draftsman {] Machine Shop Practice JConcrete Builder { } Railroad Positions Structural Envineer {}Gias Engine Operating jChemist1 C1) Vharmacy (JCivil Engineer Automobile Work [jSurvey nd Mapping Airplane Engines [] Metallurgy 0 Mining (JAgriculture and Poultry LjSteam Engineering [© Radio (J)Mathematics Name Add Ss City SED ancadencnnbnhbpnosaspennes 0 4} ‘ see . eee - If 3 reside in Canada, send this coupon to the International nee Schools Canadian, Limited, Montreal PREPARE FOR AN if CARE —thru the only school operated asa department of a large art organiza- tion. Commercial Artists trained the ‘‘Meyer Both Way” earn as high as $10,000 per year. We today have hundreds of students who had pre- viously studied in other art schools. Why? Because your instruction is based upon our everyday experi- ence in meeting the art needs of leading advertisers. Home study instruction. Write for illustrated book telling of the success of our students. MEYER BOTH COMPANY Michigan Ave. at 20th St. (Dept. 35) Chicago, Ill. MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION ‘‘Such Beasts Never Lived!’’ (Continued from page 149) were quite naked. Structurally, the mon- ster Pterandon was a marvel of lightness, its great wing bones, sometimes twenty feet long, being scarcely thicker than a sheet of blotting paper, while the tiny body was merely an appendage to the wings. Students of this bird estimate that it used only thirty-six thousandths of one horse- power to fly. What it did with its great | wings when on earth is an unsolved prob- lem. The bone joints indicate it could not fold them snugly as modern birds do; probably it pointed them upright in walking. The privileged visitor to the workshop of a museum sees an ‘amazing sight. Boxes and barrels, filled with rocks and bones, cover most of the floor space. Benches and tables stand beneath sus- pended wire skeletons or framework and are occupied by the staff of preparators. No ordinary stonecutter’s tools, as a rule, may be employed; the danger of damaging a valuable link in a half-formed creature of the past is too great. An awl or per- haps a glover’s needle must suffice. The first restoration of an extinct back- boned creature that has come to light was that by G. W. Leibnitz, in 1749. The greatest advance has been in recent years. Within the last few months no fewer than twenty well-equipped expedi- tions have been in the field scouring the earth, inside and out, for missing links in the procession of extinct creatures. What’s Wrong with Markin’s Car? (Continued from page 61) particularly unlucky streak, for they had gone only a few miles when the motor abruptly stopped. “T suppose that confounded safety pin has slipped,” he grumbled as he raised the hood. “But it seems to be still on the | job. The contact works fine. Turn on the ignition switch again while I see if | the current is going through the contacts allright. Lots of juice here, apparently,” he went on. at the contacts. The distributor looks perfect, and certainly all the spark plugs couldn't have gone dead at exactly the same time. I guess it must be in the carburetor this time—maybe a chunk of dirt stuck in the needle valve.”’ Markin cleaned out the carburetor, taking care to do a thoroughly complete job, for he had experienced a somewhat similar trouble with his old car. It did no good; the motor refused to fire. He “Tt even makes a fat spark | tried the compression and found it excel- | lent. ‘Then in desperation he went over the ignition system again, including the | removal and inspection of each spark plug. “Ouch!” he exclaimed involuntarily as he got a severe shock. He had carelessly held the distributor in one hand, working the contact points with the other. “There’s some kick in that spark coil—I felt it shoot clear up my arm!” Finally he threw down his tools in dis- gust. “‘Aw, rats!” he grunted. “You wait here while I go telephone for help Lg LEARN TO aN a AR you can do so Ill Teach You to draw comic faces like these To show you how quickly and easily in 15 minutes! Send me your name, address and age, and let me mail you a Test Lesson Chart which will teach you how tv draw comic faces. Whether you think you have talent or not, make this interesting test. I want to show you that with the aid of my Picture Chart Method of teaching original drawing (full copyrighted and used exclusively by this School), you can learn this most fascinating and unusually profitable profession—and earn money while you're learning. No other school has turned out so many nationally famous cartoon- ists. With the Test Lesson Chart, I will send you their names, samples of their work and facts about eartooning which will show the possibilities for YOU. Please enclose 6c in stamps for post- age. C. N. Landon, Director THE LANDON SCHOOL 473) Nation! Bids... Construction of Small Alternating - Current Motors By PROF. A. E. WATSON Brown University This book contains complete instructions for building small al- ternating current motors in several sizes. ‘Lhe designs will be found in harmony with those of the very best manufacturers and they can te worked out by the amateur for making useful instruments. Fully Illustrated. Price, $1.50 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 250 Fourth Ave. New York City Skin Troubles Cleared Up—often in 24 hours. To prove you can be rid of pimples, blackheads, acne eruptions on the face or body, barbers’ itch, eczema, enlarged pores, oily or shiny skin, simply send me your name and address today—no Cost —no obligation. CLEAR-TONE tried and tested in over 100,000 cases—used like toilet water—is simply magical in prompt results. You can repay the favor by telling your friends; if not, the loss is mine. WRITE TODAY. E.S.GIVENS, 458 Chemical Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. STUDY AT HOME Become a lawyer. | men win high positions and bix suceess in business and public life Be independent, Greater opportun!- ties now than ever before. Big corpo rations are headed by men with lega) trainine. Taw trained men earn . $5,000 to $10,000 ete We guide you step’by step. You can train at home dur- ing spare time. Degree of LL.B. conferred. LaSalle students found among practicing, attorneys of orey state. We Surin all text materia, including fourtect age Law ib ° w cost, easy terms. Get our va n Guide™ ard ‘‘Evidence’’ books free. Send for them NOW. bed LaSalle Extension University, Dept. 283-L Chicago The World’s Largest Business Training institution Write today for this new book. It tells you how \ a law training will shorten your road to suc- cess. It also carries a vital and inspiring mes- sage toevery ambitious man. Find out about the opportunities that await the law trained man. Find out how you can learn law rightin your own home. No obligations. The book {s absolutely FREE. 5 cing @ Write Today—tpecial reduced tuition offer. American Correspondence Schoo! of Law 3601 Michigan Ave, POept. 1362. Chicago, Ml, [ear PA! NT 0 me " 5 | fi N a nd you mF Soden. man . Enormous de- d. ig future. Interesting work, Oldest and foremost school. Learn To Earn $50 To $200 Weekly John bee N. x-ee $25 for, nal, shew J witeeaue.* Don’t delay. Send today ‘or 1 inf i ples an DETROIT SCHOOL OF LETTERING 159 Stimson Ave, Est, 1899 DETROIT, MICH. Fet

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“Ie mw February, 1927 Learn to Play JAZ by Ear in 90 Days Be a master of jazz, syncopation, melody. It is easy to learn at home in your spare time. Wonderful Niagara Method shows you how. By R. C. JAMES How I used to wish that I could sit down at the piano and pour out the golden syncopation of American melody, like the jazz piano players I had heard. How I used to wish that I could be the popular one in every crowd. But I could not play a note. I did not know a thing about music, Niagara Method Shows The Way Then somewhere—just as you are reading this—I read of the Niagara Method which makes piano playing wonderfully simple. I sent for Director Wright’s book sa) he Ningaae Secret.” I read the book, and I knew it Was night, I followed Director Wright’s principles, and in no time I had caught on to his ideas. Simple—Easy— Delightful And the best part of it allis that there is nothing hard about the Niagara Method. Ina short time, by follow- ing Director Wright’s principles and by devoting a part of my spare time to the practical application of his course, I soon learned to play. No ciresome scales—no arpeggios to learn—no weary hows of practice—no do-re-mi—no meaningless exercises. If you know the Niagara Method, you can sit down and ree eel ff any popular song which the high-priced orchestra aders play in the cabarets, clubs, hotels, dance halls, or + eaters, Decide to Begin Now - you have never played a note, or if you do play— no matter how well—you too may become a master of jazz - and melody by learning the simple, wonderful Niagara Method. FREE EBOOK Don’t wait another day. Send the coupon now for the “Niagara Se- cret.’’ This book is yoursabsolutely FREE. If 10c (coin or stamps) is enclosed you also receive wonderful booklet‘‘How to Entertainat Piano.” Ronald G. Wright, Director Niagara School of Music, 109 Niagara School Buildin; Niagara Falis, N.Y.” CLIP THIS COUPON NOW! NIAGARA SCHOOL OF MUSIC Dept. 109 ,NiagaraFalls,N.Y. Without obligation mail me your book*‘The Niagara Se- cret.’’ Lenclose 10c for book*"How to Entertain at Piano”’ Name Street __ City a COLLEGE Trained Draftsmen earn $60 to $100 a week. 4 months’ inter- esting study at Chicago Tech. fits earn big money in draft- Ine’ * sfertile field. Common school- at all you ne rt instruc- q portunities ‘or self-sup- portwhi e studying. Free Employ- 3 y or Evening r a nme, Also intensive courses - Eny incering, Electricity and : iilding. Write for free 72- pag Blue and facts about gr ri auality for a high- “pay aa Mob in 4 months. ns! East 260 St. Chicago Technical College "i You can't come to Chicago, study at pone. rite for Free Trial Lesson in Drafting Could a Gale Wreck Your House ? (Continued from page 42) through the joists against which they stand will be secure. If the house has a plank sill, the floor joists must be anchored direct to the foundation on which they rest, whether with U-straps or other means. Studs and joists are spiked together as in the other case. Incidentally, “spike” refers to a twentypenny or four-inch size at least, not to the tenpenny nail which some car- penters use for every purpose. Splits in nailing may be obviated by drilling a hole slightly smaller than the nail. Lum- ber that is knotty and low grade splits more than the better grade. The nail work done in framing the average house is nothing to boast of, and certainly should not be tolerated in regions subject to the wilder assaults of nature. OIST U-straps may be made complete by a blacksmith or they may be adapted from iron joist hangers manu- factured by several concerns and sold by dealers in building supplies. Of course, the hanger would be reversed for the purpose of holding the joist down, and it would require suitable bolt holes. Studs should reach from foundation to roof. Corner studs might well be tripled and braced both ways. Intermediate bracing with two by four pieces not only adds strength to the framing but serves as a fire stop, besides making it difficult for rodents to infest the walls. One line of intermediate braces for each story would be sufficient. A double floor, with the bot- tom boards laid diagonally, adds strength to the whole dwelling. The roof may be anchored to the rest of the structure as described for masonry, except that in a frame building the plate might well be attached to studs by metal straps inside in addition to the usual spiking. Our ancestors used to mortise and pin such joints; we can attain similar stanchness with much less labor. The lower the roof is pitched, the less the total wind pressure and the safer the building. Experience has taught this lesson to the natives of the storm-lashed tropics. This reminds me of a press note on the Cuban hurricane, which shortly followed the Florida blow, to the effect that the natives had faith in their homes and actually retired to them for refuge! F COURSE the roof slope is limited by the nature of the outer covering, which, if any kind of shingle, needs a pitch of six inches to the foot run, while slate and tile require seven inches. Other coverings which form a continuous water- tight sheet may be placed at any angle or practically flat. Fastenings for shingles, slate and tile that will pass muster in ordinary regions are not adequate in the big wind sections. Common methods of laying some of these units with skimpy lap are hazardous. Long corrugated roof- ing nails and plenty of them are needed to resist the prying fingers of a frantic gale. The architectural lines of the house should be snug (Continued on page 152) po ee eae ae eee ee MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION I need YOU with 100 firms BEGGING ME to send them more DRAFTSMEN. "Many offer to take BEGINNERS, at $50 a WEEK. Many Graduates start at $90 and $100! GET BUSY! Drafting is the BIG field, men. Every in- dustry you can name BEGINS with the draftsman. Without mechanical drawings —by the i ae shop in the land would be STOPPED. In fact, it is the SERIOUS SHORTAGE of draftsmen that brings this offer: J will Surntsh ail instruments, supplies, even to the table, to those who start now! PAY AS YOU GO Port sive me the ex- cuse that you have no ready money for this golden opportunity. I am not so interested in cash; | want your application. I want at least 200 men to start right now. I want them ready to recommend by Spring! We will get a flood of letters saying “‘send us draftsmen,’’ from every sort of industrial and " ngineering concern, and we must make 00C . The first week’s pay envelope of many a Dobe-trained draftsman has held enough to cover the entire cost of the course! Most students learn evenings, keeping on with their old work until ready to step intosome- body’s drafting room. The first. month equips you to take on simple drafting jobs on the side. It helps you learn; I gladly permit this. Well-Paid Positions Every Way You Turn A draftsman soon forgets the days when he used to wonder where to get a job. In- stead, he asks ‘‘What line of work interests me most?”’ And‘ ‘What part of the country suits me best?’” Twenty of my graduates went to Florida this year; three are in Japan; last month one wrote me from Ceylon. And I wish we had the count of how many Dobe draftsmen have become chiefs! Positions loom up almost as soon as you are enrolled in a Dobe class! We receive requests dai/y for junior men—for men only partly through our course. ‘‘We’ll take a beginner,’’ some concerns write us, ‘‘so long as he is a Dobe-trained man and has begun right!”* IT’s EASY and interesting to learn , drafting. For draftin, isn’t ‘“‘drawing!’’ You don’t need ani “‘talent.’’ A draftsman uses foo/s for every line and every curve. You couldn’t make them crooked if you tried! That’s why drafting is so easily learned—and so inter- esting. For you do everything by rule. So, I guarantee to make anyone a finished drafts- man; if you can read and write, you can learn this line. One of my students is 51 years old; another is just seventeen. But they'll all be making @ grown-up salary by Spring! WARNING! The special offer of * tools is for immediate action. Don’t expect me to hold it open indefinitely. Clip the coupon now for free book: > CHIEF DRAFTSMAN DOBE, Div., 13-62 | 1951 Lawrence Avenue I Chicago 2 Special Tool & i Offer I Send me FREE and 1 POST PAID Successful Drafts, | manship Book and material telling all about your home course, terms, etc. | a pecgaeaeeaaitcadbin . Age en ‘ | (gf) SSE , State | anem ——

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CHEVROLET runs 36 miles per gal. Reaches speed of 63 miles per hr. F D runs 35 miles per gal. Reaches speed 60 — oer hr. Real Slow Idle S pee with the 1927. NEW AIR FRICTION CARBURETOR The most powerful —easiest starting mace Easy to start in cold weather—no shifting, stalling or jerking in trate Easy to attach—no boring of holes. Sent on 30 Days Free Trial. Write today Garagemen and Auto Mechanics Phis is a genuine money maker. Double your money idjustment) carburetor on each sale. Send today for our attractive offer. The New Air Friction Co. In no way connected with the old Air Friction Company) 20 Israel Bidg. Dayton, Ohio

MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION

Could a Gale Wreck Your House ? (Continued from page 151) and _self-protective. A low, one-story building has the least to contend with. The fewer projections the better, whether in fancy porches, dormers, bay windows or overhanging eaves. The eaves should not extend more than six inches beyond the outer walls, and the under side of the projecting rafters should be boarded tightly. Gutters should be fastened securely to the eaves with complete straps at two-foot intervals, and copper or zinc is none too good for an enduring job. Leaders also should be of good material, well secured. Extra large sizes of gutters and leaders are needed to cope with the floods of rain that accompany great winds. By the same token, ample drainage away from the house must be provided for to avoid flooding the cellar or undermining the foundations. LL door and window openings should be framed with double two by fours spiked together and to the studs, with carefully installed and well nailed casings, metal flashing beneath window sills, oakum packed under sill and the latter provided with a V-shaped drip groove on its under side. A high-power wind blows a gale through tiniest cracks, therefore the need for first class weather r stripping of a rigid type. If outside doors are of heavy lumber instead of ordinary thin panel stuff, are equipped with three stout hinges and as many substantial locks or bolts, the householder will not have to brace the doors inside with timber or furniture, which is the common expedient of frightened folk when Eolus rages. In advance of the Havana hurricane the courteous police went from house to house, offering the dwellers nails and lumber to brace their doors; but it is better not to rely on such well meant and otherwise admirable assistance. HE window question is of foremost importance in connection with all disasters, especially those caused by wind and by explosion. Always more houses are window-wrecked than struc- turally damaged. The effect of broke n windows is to ruin inte riors, imperil health and make homes uninhabitable. In the north a wintertime powder ex- plosion canceled the heating system in many homes, froze water pipes and drove the ill prepared inhabitants to seek distant refuge. Many were injured in their homes by shattering glass. There are two safeguards, the first relating to window size and quality, the second to the ters. added protection of shut- Hardly any window is proof against breakage, whether by great wind pressure, concussion or the impact of storm-driven objects. Therefore the need of outside protection in the form of shutters. The old stvle Venetian blind or slat shutter is hardly substantial enough; it is better to have solid wood shutters. The latter, with half-moon or star shaped openings near the tops, happen to be in vogue at the moment, even outside windy areas. Extra strong (Continued on page 153)

ELECTRICITY Audel’s Handy Book of Electricity, Price $4. Aquick simplified ready reference, giving com- pleteinstruction and insideinformation. Handy to use. Easy to understand. For Engineers, Professional Electricians, Students and all in- terested in Electricity. A reliable authority and a handy helper for every electrical worker. The 1040 pages and 2600 diagrams give ac- curate, up-to-date and complete information on—Rules and Laws, RADIO, Storage Batter- ies, WIRING DIAGRAMS, Power and House Wiring, Automatic *Phones, Auto Ignition, Motor Troubles, ARMATURE WINDING, Cable Splicing, Elevators and Cranes, Sign Flashers, Transformers, Practical Manag: ment, Modern Applications—READY REFER. ENCEon every electrical subject. Pocket Size, handsomely bound in flexible Red LEATHER. Easy Terms. Shipped for Free Examination. No obligation to buy unless satisfied. en A

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February, 1927 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION A Great Book FREE! with this pay-raising library For a short time only we will give every subscriber to the New Library of Machine Shop Practice a copy of French's Engineering Drawing—the greatest book on mechanical drawing ever written. This book makes drawing as plain as day—tells you all about instruments, plans and methods—and prepares you to handle any drawing job you will ever have to do. It comes to you absolutely free with Machine Shop Practice 9 volumes—3065 pages—3608 illustrations (A combined home study course an reference library) The New Machine Shop Library is written for practical men. It*gives you the best methods for every kind of machine shop work. It explains machine tools and their operation, drawing and design, tool work, gears and vrinding, jigs and fixtures, automatic screw machines and their tools and all of the mathematics you will ever have to use. It is plainly v ritten, completely illustrated the very best kind of help to the machine shop man who Wants to advance himself. Send no money — — Mail just the coupon McGRAW-HILL BOOK Co., Inc., 370 Seventh Ave., New York Send me for 10 days’ free examination the New Library of act 50 In » Shop Practice. If satisfactory, I will send you $1.50 and $2.00 monthly until the special price of $19.50 is 1ot wanted, I will return the books at your expense. ipt of my first payment of #1.50 itis understood that I eive, free of charge, a copy of French’s Engineering Name Address Beata eh eine d nee Company PHOTO-ENGRAVING Farn up to $500 monthly. Photo-Engraving and Photography taught in few months by largest college id in the world. Established 1893. Big de- graduates. Write for free book. ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF PHOTOGRAPHY BOX 327 EFFINGHAM, ILL. of it mand for Sgr Tog aed ah You must overcome Self-Consciousness—Mental Fear—Kashfu'ness te sce 2d in the business and social world, Send 10¢ for amazing book + Road to Poise and Achievement.’* Tells how thousands Consciousness in a very short tim have conquered Self e. SEYMOUR INSTITUTE, 38 Park Row, Dept. 39 .» New York City INSTAN TLY; new QUICK-START electric-heat primer, for FORDS andothers. Principle adopted by Lincoln, ; ackard,Chrysler. Three devices in one, GREATEST GAS SAVER YET INVENTED ea ncatben Saves Battery; saves oil. Agents: wack -sellix ® year-’round article. Bigger margin of profit for you, § pecial FREE Deal. Write W. C. Kutsche, Inventor, Electric Superstarter, Dept. 402-1 Grand Rapids, Mich. Many earn $3,000 dur} 7 ’ to $10,000 a year. Prepare quickly durin Nothenme: Iso earn while you learn. New Sas phe : ties in’ Mann lKe it. Send at once for free book, ‘‘Opportuni- Offer titi nah Photography’’ and full particulars. Special De AMERICAN SCHOOL OF PHOTOGRAPHY mee BENE, 3601 Michigan Ave., Chicago, U.S. A. ARITHMETIC OF ELECTRICITY et} tical treatise on electrical calculations | kinds reduced to a series of rules, all simplest forms, and invelving only Price, $1.50 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY NEW YORK Mnary arithmetic. 200 up. 250 Fourth Avenue 33 Could a Gale Wreck Your House? (Continued from page 152) hardware, with top and bottom fasten- ings, should go with the shutters. Sash with a number of small panes is usually stronger than the one pane kind, and if any of the small panes let go it is easier and less expensive to replace them. The large size may be unobtainable in an emergency. We may consider as “large” — which is quite a relative term—any pane of glass that is at least two feet in each dimension. The fashionable compromise of small panes in an upper sash and a single one below is at Jeast half right from the safety standpoint. If a large pane must be used, it should be plate glass or double thick window glass. LATE glass, which is universally used for shop fronts and in public buildings, has the double merit of optical clearness and of strength. It admits the maximum light and gives an undistorted view of objects seen through it. Since it is com- monly used in very great sizes and is always on the firing line, so to speak, the disaster reports emphasizing plate glass casualties are misleading. The least standard thickness of plate glass is one eighth inch. Ordinary window glass in_ single strength is about one tenth inch in thickness. Double strength panes range in thickness from about one eighth to one ninth inch, and there are still heavier grades up to a maximum slightly exceed- ing one fifth inch. A home builder would do well to verify sizes. Just a few thin panes that fall below the general standard may cause a lot of trouble. IRE glass will stand almost any- thing, whether shock or pressure, and might be strategically placed at ex- posed points. Such glass will also retard intrusion of fire from near-by buildings. Earthquake protection is found in a house of reinforced concrete or of stanchly built wood frame with ample foundations, interior finish of fiber board rather than plaster, roofing that is light and flexible so there are no heavy units to litter the lawn or crash into the dwelling, and especially a chimney that will resist the lurch and wabble of the earth. From the foundation up, the chimney should be built of not less than eight inches of concrete around flue lining, re- inforced with encircling wire mesh and also with long vertical steel rods spaced about a foot apart. In hurricane and cyclone regions, only that part of the chimney that projects above the roof needs strengthening as described for the earthquake zone. An old brick chimney may be fortified against wind by surrounding it with metal rein- forcement and adding a coat of stucco. Mr. McMahon’s services are available to our readers to assist them in solving their building problems. Letters will be answered free of charge. Address John R. McMaton, POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York City. Would you like to make money at home and have fun doing it? Then read, below, the offer of Mr. Petit. HERE is a simple and most fas- cinating Way to earn money, in your spare time, and right at home. It is so wonderful that mem- bers say it seems too good to be true. Kut hundreds already know it is true,*and more are joining every day Just think of being in business for yourself, using just a corner of one room, opening a tiny little shop of your own! What great fun! And how rich are the rewards! Gabriel Andre P, tit Art Director No Special Ability Needed Let me tell you why the plan of Fireside Industries is so easy aid so profitable to you. Wherever you go, people are immediately taken with the charm of hand-decorated candlesticks, gate-leg- tables, brackets, toys, bookracks, hand- co “py colored greeting cards, etched copper lamp shades, batik and 4 other beautiful art objects and gift wares. Fireside Industries . teaches you exactly how to Dw tals this lovely art work and how to SELL your products You can spend an hour a day or eight hours a da The profits are handsome indeed A pair of candlesticks can be painted in an hour and should make a profit of $2 for you. Think of it! No pre- vious experience whatever is nec- essary. The work is made so clear that anyone & can follow the sim- ; ple instructions. A { complete outfit of materials is fur- = A hished to every ae. ‘o” member eo | j Se Success Guaranteed Whether you wish merely to give expression to your artistie instinct, or wish to turn a fascinating pastime iito cash profits—or both—your suecess is assured. Every day letters like these come from men and women who find joy and profit in this charming avoration. ““Made $210," writes one. ‘Earned 860 in one month,’”’ writes another. “Have all the orders I ean fill,” says still another. One writes, ““‘Was swamped with orders.” Another says, “Could have sold 5 times what I had.” Many say, ““Like a beautiful dream come true." Do you wonder that members of Fireside Industries ure so enthusiastic about the work? FRE E ! Beautiful New Book ¢ on Decorative Arts Write letter or mail coupon for the new Fireside Indus- tries book which tells the inspiring story of this great national organization of home money-makers, what the work is, how it is successfully taught by mail, its broadening cultural effect and the unusual profits to be made. New members will be accepted at this time. W rite today and enclose a2est: to pay par of the postage. Write W. This is truly a golden opportunity. Fatadabeed IndusAny ] ADRIAN, MICH. (SSSCCSASSRESESSS ESE EE eee Fireside Industries, Dept. 51-B, Adrian, Mich. Gentlemen: Without obligation on my part, please send me, FREE, the story of the fascinating work of Fireside Industries members; also particulars of membership and the special co-operative privileges and services eu- close two-cent stamp. CN in as ai cdc dige ces oon ec nseaa Write in pencil—ink will blot.

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154 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION

6679 e « I’m going to raise his salary” “T’ve had my eye on him for some time and I know he can handle big- ger work. “He studies those I.C.S. text- books every chance he gets, and I want to tell you it has made him a valuable man for this business. “I’m going to raise his salary and give him that new job we were talk- ing about. I wish we had more men like him.” How do you stand when your employer checks up his men for promotion? Does he pass you by as just a routine worker, or does he think of you as a man who is ambitious to get ahead? Won’t you be far more likely to get the promotion if he knows you are studying at home and are really preparing yourself to handle bigger work? Think it over. Then act. It takes only a moment to mark and mail the coupon and find what the International Correspondence Schools can do for you, yet that one simple little step may be the means of changing your whole life. ‘Do it now.” INTERNATIONAL ¢ CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS Box 7620-E, Scranton, Penna. Without cost or obligation on my part, piease send me a copy of your 48-page booklet “‘Who Wins and Why” and tell me how I can qualify for the position or in the subject before which I have marked an X: BUSINESS TRAINING COURSES (1 Business Management _} Salesmanship |} Industrial Management |} Advertising |} Personnel Organization [ ] Better Letters [Traffic Management [} Show Card Lettering } Business Law [} Stenography and Typing _} Banking and Banking Law [] Business English }] Accountancy (including C.P.A.) [j Civil Service L} Nicholson Cost Accounting |} Railway Mail Clerk | Bookkeeping { | Common School Subjects [ ] Private Secretary [] High School Subjects {Jj Spanish 0 French (_j Lilustrating TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL COURSES 1 Electrical Engineering (} Architect (_}) Electrie Lighting [JArchitects’ Blue Print {] Mechanical Engineer Contractor and Builder C] Mechanical Draftsman Architectural Draftsman {}] Machine Shop Practice [] Concrete Builder Railroad Positions Structural Engineer Gas Engine Operating Chemistry 0 Pharmacy Civil Engineer Automobile Work Surveying and Mapping | |} Airplane Engines Metallurgy O Mining [jAgriculture and Poultry

Steam Engineering () Radio [J Mathematics Street 3-6-24 SITTIN -ocosisnsubsashibebavenseehpelbsuiuadussuedseobiskosieueehaneaskonaannnibysbeeknesn Se i ld Occupation...... Persons residing in Canada should send this coupon ‘to the International Correspondence Schoole Canadian, Limited, Montreal, Canada

ne Forest Rangers Men wanting Forest Ranger, Railway Mail Clerk, Special Agent, and other gov- ernment positions, $1500 to $4500 a vear. Write for free particulars and list of positions. MORANE, Dept. 218, Denver, Colo.

Some of the highest paid men in the world are advertising men. You can learn easily and quickly at home during your spare time. Big ger opp vortunitie 8 now in adve agerg than ever before. Tremen dous demand for our graduates at big pay Send for FREE Bo Giving interesting inf« yusatio yn and vital facte—just what you want to know about advertisin Write today PAGE-DAVIS SCHOOL OF ADVERTISING, Dept. 1362 3601 Michigan Ave., Chicago, U. S. A.

Answers to the Sam Loyd Tests on Page 43 Transposing the Checkers Here is the sequence of moves necessary to transpose the black and white checkers in the minimum of 46 moves and jumps: 1 move east 24 jump north 2 jump west 25 move south 3 move west 26 jump south 4 jump east 27 Jump east 5 move north 28 move north 6 jump south 29 jump south 7 move south 30 jump west 8 jump north 31 jump north 9 jump east 32 move east 10 move west 33 jump west 11 jump west 34 jump north 12 move north 35 move east 13 move east 36 jump west 14 jump west 37 jump south 15 move south 38 jump east 16 jump east 39 jump east 17 move north 40 move west 18 jump south 41 jump west 19 move east 42 move east 20 move north 43 jump north 21 jump south 44 move south 22 move west 45 jump south 23 jump north 46 move north If you arrived at this solution in one hour, go to the head of the class! Building the Patchwork Quilt

Here is how the 13-by-18 quilt is divided into its original eleven parts. If you did it in twenty minutes, you earned a high rating. The Missing ‘‘K’s”’ The completed sentence reads, “Kitty knitted khaki kilts.” You have sharp eyes if you solved this in three minutes. The Mathematical Fisherman That tuna’s head was 2! feet long, body 415 feet, tail 3 feet, making the whole fish 10 feet long. Ten minutes should give you a good rating. Target Shooting The three tie scores were composed as fol- lows: First—50, 10, 5, 3, 2 and 1. Second— 25, 20, 20, 3, 2 and 1. 25, 20, 10, 10, 5 and 1. Figuring this out in twelve minutes gives you a high record as a mental sharpshooter.

‘‘Was He a Good Bargainer?”’ The man who dug my cellar worked 39 and daysand “laid off” 20 and 2/2; days. This should have taken you only five minutes to solve if you're quick at figures. The Word Square Here is the solution: NicuHE I DLER CLARA HE RODS ERAS E Nine minutes to construct this gives you a good rating.

February, 1927 00 DRAWING $998 Tae COURSE for — Haven’t you often wished that you could draw cartoons, illustrate some idea, sketch some pretty face, etc.? You can do all of these things. One of America’s most fa- mous Cartoonists and Iliustrators has developed a great, simple system for success in all branches of Commer- cial Art. This system has revolu- tionized the entire theory of draw- ing. It means that drawing can be as easy for you as writing—much simpler than learning shorthand, bookkeeping or typewriting. We are now placing this original system for learning Drawing, Art and Cartooning, consisting of 34 lessons with over 500 illustrations, within reach of every one. If you will devote a few hours each week to the Course WE ABSOLUTELY GUARANTEE that you will learn to draw and draw well before you have half finished the Course. If we fail to make this claim good, we will refund every cent paid us. By eliminating a large office force for answering corre- spondence, expensive catalogs, see, we are enabled to make a price of $2 >.98, the cheapest price ever known for a —<t * | high-grade, home study course. Many have sent us letters similar to that of Rob’t P Davis of Detroit, who wrote: ‘I can’t see how you ask so little, when others with inferior Courses get from $20 to $60 for theirs. It is more than I expected.” Learn to draw. It is a big asset, no matter what field you are in. Send No Money at once, we will include a Just order the Course , and $2. 98 drawing outfit, cons!stiug on arrival pay postman of artists’ pencils, pens, plus a few cents postage, payment in paper, erasers df full for the entire Course and Draw- tacks. etc., enabling you ing Outfit. If not entirely satisfied to go to work without any return within five days and we will additional cost. ‘ REFUND MONEY. Address: LEDERER SCHOOL OF DRAWING, Dept. 2970-E, Chattanooga, Tenn Orders from outside the U. S. A. are payable $3.28 cash with order.

If you order the Course

Learn at Home by a - M Be a taxidermist. Learn to mount BIRDS, ANI- MALS, GAME HEADS, FISH. Wonderful fascinating new art. All se- crets revealed. Easily, quickly learned by men, women and boys. Decorate home and den with nature’s finest art. SPORTS- MEN save your trophies. BIG PROF ITS for spare time. Sell your mounted speci- mens and mount for others. Have a business of your own. Big demand, high prices. Learn from old reliable school, 20 years’ experience. @ Beatty illustrated How to Learn ¥ J to asus Game”’ with dozens of photos of moented specimens. Yours for the asking — FREE — Write Today. Taxidermy is a NECESSITY for sportsmen and nature lovers —INVESTIGATE. Get this wonderful FREE BOOK NOW — no obligations. Write! Don’t delay. Send Coupon Today—NOW !

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February, 1927 Can You Fix It? Re pair any auto fault, learn how NOW. ly in this new simple way. ‘ iese FIVE Big Books are up to the minute on auto- mobile engineering subjects; chock full of little known facts about construction, Operation and repairs. Elec- tric wiring treatel in complete detail—illustrations and diagrams make everything clear and easily understood by anybody. The most interesting and most practical set of books ever written on modern automobile engineering. Whether you want to fit yourself for garage owner, repair expert or merely wish to know more about your ¢ar, you will realize the values of these splendidly bound volumes. This is the new 1926 Edition with 70 new and up-to-date Wiring diagrams. ‘““NO MONEY” OFFER An amazing new plan of distribution brings these hooks to you for examination without one cent of payment tous. We don't ask a penny of you, but ship the books to you FREE. Look them over—read them as much as you want to; note the splendid photographs and drawings and then if you decide you want them, send us $2.00, and then only $3.00 a month until only $24.80is paid. That is all: noth- ing more to pay us. If you send NOW we will include Consulting Membership—F REE Yes, we actually give you a certificate of membership in the AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY whichentitles you to free consultation on any subject related to Auto- mobile Engineering. Eighteen specialized experts are at your disposal—ready at any time to help you. With this library and this membership you ought to be able soon to know all there is to be known about autos. Note:—In aidition to all this, those who send now will be entitled to the services of our EMPLOYMENT DEPARTMENT without charge. We are in daily contact with firmsall over the country who neel good men and are willing to pay big. This service costs you nothing. Don't miss this special offer. Send now. FCCC SARE RE REC RSREEES REESE EASES ESEESEEEREEEEE ERR American Technical Society, Automobile Division A-220, C hicago, Illinois You may send me your new complete Automobile Engi- heering library (1926 edition) 5 big volumes bound in flexo s for ten days’ Free Examination. If satisfied, I will ou 82.00 then and $3.00 per month until the special price of only $24.80 is paid, otherwise I will return Them and owe you nothing. Include membership certifi- cate and employment offer. You can do it BECOME AN EXPERT ACCOUNTANT Executive Accountants and C. P. housands of firma need them. "ons 9,000 S00 Carats Publics Ascouut: b “y a the United States. We train you i thoroly at home = yanere time ‘ ’.A. examinations G: executive poceass ing positio: Previous AGN nce unnecessary. Trainin Sage the 2A piesa supervision of W ‘ham B. Castenholz, A. M., large staff of C. P. A's, including members of the aS Institute of Accountants. Wiite for free book, “‘A ccountancy, the Profeasion ‘a Pays LaSalle Extension University, Dep 283-H Chicago The World's aantnnnet Business Tr instrutien an A Great Short Story MIDGE by EpMuNbD M. LiItTTELL Complete in the | MARCH ISSUE | of | Porpurar Scrence MonTHLY What Does Your Face Tell Your Boss ? (Continued from page 49) parent. For example, a sparkling eye denotes to most of us, too, a vivid nature; a clear eye, power of analytical thought. Scientists who scoff at physiognomy make a strong point of the fact that a clever rogue can cultivate, the face of deacon so that the most skilled physiog- nomist could not detect him. Physiogno- mists, on the other hand, who have studied the thousands of photographs in the Rogues’ Gallery in New York City de- clare that the pictures reveal that experts in any field of crime have certain pecu- liarities in common. HE same principle is supported by some specialists in the field of voca- tional guidance. Let us say, for illustra- tion, that you are a plumber, and a mighty good one. According to these vocational experts, your plumbing ability will show in your face, and will be instantly re- vealed to any man who is familiar with this branch of physiognomy. These specialists believe that the science of physiognomy, if rightly applied, could be used to locate men in their proper lines of work in the industrial and world, with a consequent increase in general efficiency and earning power. According to the vocational experts, the method has been worked out success- fully in thousands of cases. Sergeant A. DeVoe, of the New York Bureau of Criminal Identification, has the same report to make on the use of physiognomy in detecting criminals. You might regard as impossible an assignment to go out into the streets of a city and locate a pyromaniac, with no more information to go on other than that one is at large. Yet it has been done, says Sergeant DeVoe. “The easiest way to detect a pyro- maniac,” he asserts, “is by his eves. They are either wild or vacant, very unlike the calm gaze of the ordinary individual, and are given a more startling appearance by high arched evebrows. “Notice the receding forehead. A pyromaniae has practically no intelli- gence. Then his head, instead being set square on his shoulders, is thrust far forward. His nose is rather squat, his mouth weak and loose. To pick out a pyromaniac ordinarily would be ah easy task.” business HE nose bulks prominently in the study of the face, and the more it bulks in a certain direction the more it counts in your favor. Years ago physiognomists regarded the size of a man’s nose as an almost infallible measure of his ability— the larger the nose, the greater the man’s worth. This was found to be not strictly the truth. If, however, other signs in the face bear out that reading, an oversize nose is interpreted in glowing terms. A sharp straight said to be indicative of a sharp, incisive charac- ter, but when it takes 'on too great keenness and is turned up slightly at the tip it betrays, we are told, an inquisitive, mean nature. The village gossip, the mean, catty per- (Continued on page 156) nose is MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION 155 , MAN who ean it use a pair of pliers can become an electrical ad and write and expert and iree himself forever from the long hours and drudgery of a small pay job. And you can learn the BIG PAY profes- sion of electricity right in New York City— the heart of the electrical world—the city of 100,000 jobs. At the same time you are learning the BIG PAY profession you can he enjoying the sights and wonders of ‘New York, the modern Bagdad. Be an Electrical Expert Graduates of the NEW YORK ELEC- TRICAL SCHOOL are in demand by all the big electrical companies. Or, if you prefer the independence of a business of your own, there are thousands of op- portunities for efficient, dependable men to become electrical contractors. When you are your own boss the money you can make is limited only by your own energy and ability. P l Instruction The NEW YORK ELECTRIGAL SCHOOL is not a correspondence school. You learn by doing—by personal instruc- tion on full size standard electrical equip- ment under the personal supervision of trained instructors. At N. Y. E. S. you train your hands and mind at the same time. You learn the theories of electricity —and then you are shown how to put the theories into actual practice by solving the problems with your own hands. The man who mae learned electricity by actually doing electrical work under intelligent personal in- tructors can go to any part of the world and be There are N. Y. E. S. Gradu- sure of a good hving ates in all the countries of the world Write today for the 48-page booklet giving full information about the N. Y. E. 8. Course and show- Ing pictures of the equipment available for your personal use in our two sev en-story buildings. The NEW YORK ELECTRICAL SCHOOL 40 W. 17th Street, New York seerseessesees MATL TODA Yorseeteeeesees THE NEW YORK ELECTRICAL SCHOOL 410 W. 17th Street, New York lease send me FREE your 48-page booklet It is understood that this request puts me under no obligation Name. Address.

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Wide-Open Field Where You Can Triple YourIncome While Insurance, Real Estate, and everything else you can think of, are swamped with competition, the field of FIRE PROTECTION has remained virtually undiscov- ered—practically untouched.There are small fortunes in this fast growing business for men who enter now.. .lifetime jobs, paying $90, $100 and up to $250 a week, yours, now, almost for the asking. START AT ONCE No Experience Required YTOTHING is more widely needed in fire-fighting devices. Our nationa! fire loss is $1,0 America than 00a minute—think of it—over $550,000,000 a year! We make the most effective fire-fighting devices ever known. FYR-FYTERS shoot an amazing new chemic2! harmless and stainless that multiplies itself hundreds of times and snuffs out fire like a gigantic w et blanket. Fyr-Fyters are approved by the Underwriters Laboratories. Our business is ten years old . . the world-leader in this fie eld . now growing faster than ever Ford, Packard, Firestone, General Motors, Standard Oil and hune elie of similar concerns have already turned to this new way to fight fire. Last year our representatives sold millions of dollars’ worth of Fyr-Fyters Represent Us—Full or Part Time

The field is wide-open. You have millions of prospects and practically no competition. Only 5% of the mar- ket has been supplied. Everybody fears fire. Millions nt this protection . . . factories, stores, homes, firms, chools, hotels, etc., etc . countless new buildings, autos, trucks, garages Fyr 4 rs make amazing demonstration in 2 min ites and sell fast. Every property owner instantly recogn the need for Fyr-Fyters One customer often buys 50 ee 1 at one time! One city block sands of dollars $4,200 order is capable of sales running into thou- Viles made a $1 7OO Ss le Brady took a Homes or farms, alone, can pay you $4,000 a year Anyone can sell Fyr-Fyters. We start you . . full time or part time You need no capital for stock. We give you a detailed plan to follow that has doubled and tripled incomes for hundreds of men. DePries took this 1, left a job at $85 a month, and made $7,000 in one year. Payne averaged $20.77 a day profit his first 200 rel = I can’t list all of our $10,000 men here. I can’t begin to cell you all of the opportunities. But there isn’t a single reason why you can’t easily make $12 to $15 a day from the limb right up to $10,000 a year. start and cl Get This Plan FREE Let me send you complete details of this work FREE. See how easy it is. Then, with all the facts before you, decide lf you’re the kind ef man we want, use the mail it now Coupon . . R. C. Iddings, Pres. FYR-FYTER COMPANY 1463 Fyr-Fyter 3idg., Dayton, Ohio

. =" - = Fyr-Fyter Co., 1463 Fyr-Fyter Bld2., . s Dayton, Ohio. ° : Please mail a FREF copy of “Building a Permanent § s Iico;ne as a Fyr-Fyter Representative” and com- § = plete details . . : I 5 coras g oa ie nse us a to a fds a s . & Aldress : . : = City State . TITTTIIITIITITITIIIIITITIIIIITiitiiiiiiiiiiiiri ttt

What Does Your Face Tell Your Boss ? (Continued from page 155) son, is almost always depicted as having a sharp, pointed nose. A high bridge is supposed to be the sign of the dominant type, the fighter, the executive. New York’s governor, Al Smith, is so equipped. So is Charles M. Schwab, of steel fame. Single out one of your acquaintances who is noted for his caution and watch him when he is trying to make some decision. You will notice that the muscles of his nose contract in a downward move- ment. Now imagine that movement multiplied thousands of times and you can see that the result will be to bring the fleshy part of the nose tip down and in. That is the basic reason for the physiog- nomist’s belief that the turned-under nose tip signifies caution. President Coolidge’s nose possesses that character- istic in conjunction with the high bridge of the executive. N IDEAL nose from the viewpoint of physiognomy is straight, of good size, well rounded. That, we are told, will be found on the man of energy both men- tally and physically. In the case of the small nose, tilted at the tip, the decision is somewhat color- This will be found, we are informed, on a person who has no outstanding abilities and no glaring faults. The small, straight nose may be an attribute of beauty, but no physiognomist is likely to wax enthusiastic about it. When the nose begins to sit right down on the face and spread all over it, then trouble is in sight. When the rest of the face tells the same story, the squat nose is read as the mark of the criminal. Sergeant DeVoe approves that interpreta- tion. “You have heard,” he told me, “of lush workers—men who prowl around on the streets early in the morning in search of prey. Pe haps i in arailway station such a thief finds a man waiting ‘for a train. less. The fellow, drunk or dead tired, has fallen asleep on a bench. Nudging him and finding him unconscious, the lush worker goes through his pockets. “This meanest coward of the under- world has distinctive facial characteris- tics. He has a long, narrow face, not in- telligeht enough in appearance to be called crafty. His eyes are little, but long and set far apart. His lips have a loose quirk, and his nose is broader than you would expect on a lean face. But it’s the expression of the whole face that gives him away. EXT in line for consideration is the mouth. In the ideal formation, as the physiognomists see it, the lips are set in a firm, straight line, with some of the red showing. Physiognomists regard the mouth as the index of the physical side of man. The sensual person will have drooping, baggy lips, displaying too much of the inner red, which is far more sensitive to contact than the white outer skin. Conversely, when a person has thin | lips drawn too (Continued on page 157)

MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION be

U ARENEEDED IN waa) RAFFIC INSPECTION PAYS UP TO $250 Per month Salary, Plus Expenses I need you to fill an important position in this inter- esting and profitable railway work often called Trafic Observation. You'll be away from office or shop seeing new faces and places every minute and be practically your own boss. It’s a healthful, dignified position where promotions are rapid. I Train You— and offer you a position. I teach you Traffic Observa- tion, in 3 months’ spare time, home study, and u pon completion place you in a pos Upon comple- jjion paying $120 per mont! tion of course and up to start, or refund four money. WE SECURE °+’ For eight years I have been A POSITION FOR YOU

training and placing men i this lucrative profession. See OR REFUND Mail coupon today for full YOUR MONEY information. what they say about it. 4ESTESSSSSSSSSSSESSSSSSSSEHSSSSSRSSRSRESESK SHES eeeeee

: James T. Jarrell, Pres. 5 « Standard Business Training Inst. 4 : Buffalo, N. Y. . = You may send me entirely free, your booklet No. § = Div. 3. showing how | can earn $250 a month salar 4 - : FP ND 55 5A eS awik cine ee nee > 87 eres . . Ss . > DORrees. .....<. .City. s 4 a

WEEKS \ Learn In }

WE GUARANTEE TO REFUND TUITION IF YOU ARE NOT SATISFIED WHEN YOU COMPLETE peered || THE COURSE LOWEST PRICED ig -pay

HIGH- gd you do net plan to bec cs 0} ou shouldn't pass up this GRADE Goal ~§ about nic op tags a pric e hit ear¢ ney guarantee RADIO partic nulars, sa alll aia COURSE RO-SYSTEMS, Inc., Dept. 112 An South Wells Street, CHICAGO, ILL. geeceseceses MAIL COUPON — ns = AERO-SYSTEMS, Inc., Dept. 1 : : 19 South Wells Street, Chicago, Illinois. : = Please send me full particulars of your amazing § : low-priced complete Radio Course. : . Name... : : Address : (aeueeneueeeuseuseunencenesseuaucauansussassenssssssse®

Somebody’s Going to Start Making Money In Your Town! All over the United States, Harrison Representa- tives are making real money. If there isn’t a Harri son man in your community, the territory is now open. Harrison Clothes represent the very latest 1 fashion. They are made of handsome, 100°) virgin- wool fabrics in up-to-the-minute designs ¢ and models. Workmanship is the finest, fit guaranteed equal to Fifth Avenue custom-made suits at several times the price. At $24.75 and $29.75 they positively cann be duplicated. We sell direct to wearer, eliminati middleman’s profit and save men $15 to $258 garment. Our strong sales outfit is a brilliant sales It compels attention and makes sales easy, My special plan shows you the way and gets yous immediately. You make big profits—$4, $5 1 nd $6 on every sale. I send the complete, expensive ou it fit FREE to ambitious and sincere men who r realize the splendid opportunity before them. Write me today—at once—while territory is still open Henry W. High, Pres., s. HARRISON. BROS., Inc., Dept. B-10, 133-141 West 21st Street, New York city

maker.

Advice for POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY readers regarding safe and profitable investments. See Page 6. February, 1927

Fek r-_ Fo: age tic can Yes art tau; tau; fror Pro. mas sion you mus Cia Pled Thi you ua the sion. Ww to co 1s lin

Tark Gentle free |) derfy} your ¢ Plan Name Addrag

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in February, 1927 i F on you pledge yourself to secrecy we will teach you the secrets of Real Professional cian and teacher of some of tha world’s greatest magicians. Magician For the first time in the history of Magic the age-old, sacredly guarded secrets of the Mys- tic Art are being revealed. Now at last you can learn to bea Real Professional Magician. Yes, and you can learn this wonderful art easily and quickly AT HOME. You are taught the mysterious Principles by which the Professional Magician works. You are taught everything ‘ EARN UP TO from wonderful im- Promptu effects to massive stage illu- sions. But before you can study, you $1000 a Month must sign the Magi- There’s a big demand cian’s Solemn for M entertain- Pledge of Secrecy. ment. Magicians get money. Dr. Tar- eta as high es or a half . Unlimited op- portunities for you! This means that you are getting the guarded secrets of the Magic Profes- sion. Think of that! Special Limited Offer Write Today Quick Action is necessary for you to come in on this wonderful offer. The time is limited. Mail the coupon NOW! ' g larbell System, Inc., Studio93-62 « 1920 Sunnyside Avenue, Chicago, Ill. & Gentlemen: Without any obligation send me your a free literature and information all about your won- g erful’ Tarbell Course in Magic.’’ Also tell me about g jour great Special Price Offer and Easy Payment a Plan - offered NOW for limited time only a * | | cuceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeseeene What Does Your Face Tell Your Boss ? (Continued from page 156) tightly together, he is read as one who has little sentiment, perhaps even crafty and cold-hearted. Parched, cracked and uneven lips are danger signals, we are told, of temper. The general contour of your face has a great bearing on final deductions. When correctly formed, physiognomically speak- ing, it is as wide at the base of the jaw- bone as above, measuring from the out- side of one eye to the other. The jawbone itself should then curve in convex fashion to the point of the chin. This conforma- tion is modified somewhat in the case of a woman, the width being less at the bot- tom than that at the top. HE more the face takes on the shape of an inverted triangle, the more physical weakness is said to be present. A man of the extreme mental type will have a head very high and wide, tapering to a point at the chin, and the jawbone, instead of being convex, will follow a con- cave course. The heavy jaw, wider at the base, is equally not to be desired, accord- ing to the physiognomists. Much can be done by men to disguise their weak points with beards, mustaches, and long, wavy hair, the physiognomists tell us. There is a special division of the Rogues’ Gallery portraits given over to men who specialize in robbery from women, and the surprising number of mustaches cultivated by this peculiar band of criminals is significant. There are three general types of pro- | files—concave, convex and plane—and various combinations of these. The con- cave, of course, has the high upper fore- head, a somewhat dished-in face, and a protruding chin. That man, we are told, | will be a slow, deep thinker, exceedingly determined when he reaches his decision. The convex-faced man, on the other hand, will be a quick thinker, but some- what lacking in decision. The man with the plane shaped profile, that is, straight up and down, says physiognomy, is blessed with a more even distribution of the best qualities of the other two types, HAT facial characteristics reveal what diseases we may die of, what maladies we are most likely to get and those we shall probably escape, is a newer and equally fascinating branch of physiog- nomy. Dr. George Draper of Columbia University, who has made a scientific study of this phase, gives his findings in his new book, “Human Constitution.” Pernicious anemia and gall-bladder diseases, we learn, appear in persons hav- ing long ears; short ears indicate rather a tendency to ulcer, tuberculosis, and kid- ney troubles. to go with tuberculosis; wide open eyes, gastric ulcer. Eyes set close together are thought to indicate leanings toward ulcer and tuberculosis, while pernicious anzmia and kidney patients have eyes wide apart. A short, broad face points to pernicious anemia and gall-bladder troubles. Short noses also are held to be a mark of per- nicious anemia; long noses, on the other hand, of gall-bladder and asthma. Narrow eye slits are held | MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION HIGH SCHOOL - COURSE IN YOU ARE BADLY if you tack HANDICAPPED Hizh School training. You cannot attain business or social prominence. You are barred from a successful business career, from the leading professions, from well- paid civil service jobs, from teaching and college entrance. In fact, em- ployers of practically all worth-while positions demand High School train- ing. You can’t hope to succeed in the face of this handicap. But you can remove it. Let the American School help you. FIT YOURSELF FOR A BIG FUTURE This course, which has been prepared by some of America’s leading professors, will broaden your mind, and make you keen, alert and capable. It is com- plete, simplified and up-to-date. It covers all subjects given in a resident school and meets all requirements of a High School training. From the first lesson to the last you are care- fully examined and coached. USE SPARE TIME ONLY Most people idle away fifty hours a week. Probably you do. Use only one-fifth of your wasted hours for study and you can remove your present handicap within two years. You will enjoy the lessons and the knowledge you will gain will well repay the time spent in study. Check and mail the coupon NOW for full particulars and Free Bulletin, American School Dept. H-275, Drexel Ave. and 58th $t., Chicago Se TENN SU FE eA comes ome WO BR fem ne em American School Dept. H-275, Drexel Ave. & 58th St., Chicaga Send me full information on the subject checked and how you will help me win success. peme* Architect ......Business Law ... Building Contractor ~...Lawyer .....Automobile Engineer __...... Machine Shop Practice ....-. Automobile Repairman ~---"fisghanleal Magineor eS) Civil Engineer .-+-». Shop Superintendent Employment Manager Steam Engineer Structural Engineer .Business Manager onus Cert. Public Accountant ......Foremanship ies Accountant and Auditor Sanitary Engineer aed Bookkeeper «..... Surveyor (& Mapping) +.....Draftsman and Designer _...... Telephone Engineer «....Klectrical Engineer _...... Telegraph Engineer «....lectric Light & Power ».....General Education o-.. Vocational Guid ......High School Graduate oaen Wireless Radio Name Address

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Pep woe 158 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION

“Why can't we . have an automobile too ? “There go the Nealls again—starting out for a week-end trip in their new car. Mary told me yesterday that they were oing down to see Bob’s mother in Cam- ridge to tell her about his latest promo- tion. He certainly has gone ahead fast since he started studying with the Inter- national Correspondence Schools. “Why don’t you take up the same kind of a course and show the firm that you’re really trying to learn more about the business? I know you can earn more money if you really try.”

Thousands of men now know the joy of happy, prose perous homes because they prepared themselves for ad- vancement and increased salaries through the home-study courses of the International Correspondence Schools. Can you aftord to waste your time when it is so easy to get ahead? Can you afford to keep on yp tting in your days at the same old grind, getting the same pay envelope with the same insufficient sum, when a little grit and effort could be the means of changing your entire life? One hour after supper each night, spent with the I. C. S. in the quiet of your home, will prepare you for success in the work you like best. Put it up to us to prove it by marking and mailing the coupon printed below It doesn’t cost you a penny or obligate you in any way to do this, but it may be the means of changing your entire life Deo it now! INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS Box 7622-E, Scranton, Penna. Without cost or obligation, please send me one of your booklets and tell me how I can qualify for the position or in the subject before which I have marked an X: BUSINESS TRAINING COURSES OBusiness Management JSalesmanship (Industrial Management [Advertising }Personnel Organization [ }Better Letters )Traffic Management [ JShow Card Lettering )Business Law [ jStenography and Typing JBanking and Banking Law [ }Kusiness English Accountancy (including C.P.A.) (Civil Service JNicholson Cost Accounting [ }Railway Mail Clerk Bookkeeping [ }Common School Subjects Private Secretary [ JHigh School Subjects Spanish [ Jlllustrating JF rench LjCartooning TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL COURSES ee (J Electrical Engineering Architect { ]Electrie Lighting { )Architects’ Blueprints i} Mechanical Engineer { JContractor and Builder |] Mechanical Draftsman [JArchitectural Draftsman {_] Machine Shop Practice [ ]}Concrete Builder Railroad Positions Gas Engine Operating Civil Engineer _jStructural Engineer [jChemistry © Pharmacy -JAutomobile Work }Surveying and Mapping [JAirplane Engines }Metallurgy 0 Mining [ }Agriculture and Poultry jSteam Engineering [© Radio ()Mathematics

Name Street Address City State ccupation If vou reside in Canada, send this coupon to the International Correspondence Schools Canadian, Limited, Montreal "LO GUITAR

GUITAR -Just as the Natives Do and Case Only 4 Motions used playing this fascinating instrument. Our native Hawaiian instructors teach you to them quickly. Pictures show how. Everything ex- plained clearly. Play in Half Hour Easy Lessons After you get the four Evenif you don’t know easy motions you play one note from another, harmonious chordswith the 52 printed lessons very little practice. No and the clear pictures previousmusicalknowi- make it easy to learn G edge necessary. quickly. Pay as you play. Free Guitar Write at Once and Outfit in Genuine Seal Grain You'll never be lonesome with Fabrikoid Case as soon as youen- this beautiful! Hawaiian Guitar. roll. Nothing to buy—everything Write for Special Offer and easy furnished. No delay. terms. A postcard will do. ACT! FIRST HAWAIIAN CONSERVATORY of MUSIC, Inc. 9th Floor, Woolworth Bidg., Dept. 146 New York, N. Y. Approved as a Correspondence School Under the Laws of the State of New York

Here Are Correct Answers to Questions on Page 56 1. The vanishing grizzly bear, once common through much of the mountainous part ef the western United States, is still found in Wyo- ming and Montana, and some are reported in the Sierra Nevadas in California. 2. Texas, with 16,180 miles of railway. 3. Aside from the many interesting scien- tific observations that might be possible in the polar regions, the chief practical objects are the obtaining of facts about the polar weather and the possible location of land that some day might serve as a base for travelers by air. Because of the spherical shape of the earth, the distance from eastern Asia to Europe or from western North America to Europe is much less by way of the North Pole than along the usual sea routes. Many scientists believe thai air transportation over the Arctic regions will be a fact before many years. 4. Most scientists believe that the ancestors of both Aztecs and Mayas came from Asia, per- haps across Bering Strait, but possibly across the Pacific in canoes. 5. The Bermuda Islands, a British pos- session, lying well out in the Atlantic, east of the southern coast of the Uniced States, con- tain $65 islands, most of which, however, are scarcely more than tiny dots of land in the ocean. The entire group of the Bermudas has been constructed, in fact, by coral animals who built up reefs from the shallow bottom of the sea to the surface. 6. Quinine is extracted from the bark of the cinchona tree. This drug was known to the ancient inhabitants of South America, but was first studied by the whites in Colombia in 1793. 7. The collection of upright stones, or ‘monoliths, at Stonehenge, about seventy- five miles southwest of London. These great stones are set up in circles as though they might have been pillars for some ancient tem- ; le, though their original use and the nature of the people who erected them are alike un- known. 8. Liberia, in the southern part of West Africa, founded originally by freed slaves who were returned to their’ native continent and assisted in many ways by the United States and other countries. 9. This famous image is, in reality, the figure of a crouching lion with a human face. Between the outstretched paws there once existed a small shrine or temple. Historians have concluded, therefore, that the Sphinx was erected for religious purposes, doubtless as a symbol of some half-human being whom the ancient Egyptians regarded as divine. 10. The area that has the greatest rainfall is the northeastern part of India, in the neighbor- hood of Caleutta. The annual rainfall in this region is more than 600 inches a year. 11. On the slopes of the famous voleano of Mauna Loa, the largest active volcano in Hawaii. 12. This is the result of the activity of the coral polyp, a tiny living creature that ex- tracts lime from the sea and deposits the lime in solid form. This is how coral and coral lime- stone are produced. Many of the South Sea islands are volcanoes, active or extinct. They are sharp, conical peaks. On the sides of these peaks, just under the water line, the coral polyps build their limestone deposits, which in time grow into reefs.

February, 1927

Expert Help and i era! Up-to-date, complete Trade Guides and T: References—handy, pocket size; fully illustrated; easy to learn. Don’t trail behind! Bea boss! Study in spare time. Send for Guides covering your trade, on free trial. Pay $1 a month if satisfied. Mail Trial Coupon Today! CARPENTERS cuves *6 Audels Carpenters Guides. (4 vols. $6.) Ex- plains how to handle every kind of carpentry job—in- side or outside work, Pictures, plans, calculations and diagrams make any jobeasy. New short-cuts, modern methodsexplained. Builders and contractors questions answered. Steel Square and othe problems solved. A practical Guide and help- ing hand for every carpenter; easy, quick methods of work that help you to be a leader. PLUMBERS cues *6 GUIDES Audels Plumbers Guides. (4 vols. $6.) A standard Guide explaining the theory and practice of all plumbing, heating, steamfitting, gasfitting and sheet metal work. Answers your questions& on <7 7. Clearly explains the new short- cuts and modern methods so you can understand. A complete reference of the Trade and home study course, ff ; Fully illustrated, authentic, up-t ~ date, with complete Plumbers’ Code, — MASONS curs *6 GUIDES Audels Masons Guides. (4 vols. $6.) Every Bricklayer, Cement Worker, Plasterer, Tile Setter and Stone Mason will find the answer. to his questions and problems in this series. Inside Trade information on all the latest and best practice. A Study Course and complete reference libra covering the Mason’s Trade; including practical outline of steel construction. A Fi hand for workmen and contra LECTRICITY ui $4. GUIDE Audels Handy Book of Electricity. (1 vol. $4.) A reliable authority and handy helper for every Electrical Worker, covering Wiring, Radio, Calcula- tions, Armatures, Maintenance, Motors, Batteries. A

= “3 rong Yourse and Ready Reference in one nan »} ici i oar a aie for Plectrician, Ropingenend Student. THEO. AUDEL & CO. 65 W. 23 ST. New York City Please mail me for free examination TRIAL § the books marked (x) below. If I find books satisfactory,I will mail $1 in7 days COUPON on each set orde’ and will mail $1 a month on each set ordered until I have paid purchase price. Cl CARPENTERS [\|™ ASONS FOUR GUIDES $6 FOUR GUIDES $6 T] PLUMBERS Cl ELECTRICIANS FOUR GUIDES $6 HANDY GUIDE $4

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in this great profession will make your suc- cesstul future a certainty. g The School of Engineering of Milwaukee has spe- cialized for 20 years in training young men Electrical Engi- az neering Parle find a place at S. QO. E. and & Actual experi- 0 course to meet your needs.3 months i D.C.and A.C. armature winding auto ore. tricity or radio courses fit you for fast ac vance. shops and ment. Learn practical electricity in 6 monthe, B.S. Deore 3 years No matter what yout education or age, you |

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al ma o 1s c- e- 85 i- ci 3. G. February, 1927 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION CONTENTS of This Issue | Announcement—Fiection Next | Month in This Magazine....... Blowing Out the Biggest Gas Jets Ne IIE Sear eat siclcets By Jesse F. Gelders Mysteries of the Viking Trail By H.C. North Now We Have “Health Glass”’ for NR IN tae ae ss ay ca By Manus McFadden sits of Mechanism That Save Us Raa oho vino rs kcde hoot By Boyden Sparkes Thomas Jefferson, Scientist... .... By Frank Parker Stockbridge How Many Colors Can You See?. . By L. G. Pope Huge Telescope to Solve Riddles of SCR See TP OE re By Robert E. Martin Vast Stores of Future Power...... By Hyatt E. Gibson Secrets Hidden in Our Bodies... .. By Edgar C. Wheeler Nature’s Wonderful Building ete One eae ae 8 Seay Ain. Ca a By Louis E. Van Norman To the Moon at 7 Miles a Second! By I. C. Davis Man's New Conquest of the Deep. By Norman C. McLoud What Can You Make of Those 14 Pussting Pieces?..... 2.55.2... Nine Chances to One You Don’t Know How to Breathe......... By Peter Vischer | Thrilling Moments on Ice and Snow “But Such Beasts Never Lived!”’.. By Samuel D. Fuson Peering under the Earth’s Crust... By Thomas M. Johnson Could a Gale Wreck Your House?. By John R. McMahon Try These Seven Mental Tests... . Model Making Lures America to a Ne NS oir in swe & nen By John E. Lodge Science Extends Its Chain of Con- ULE oo (ee a ne eee CEO ae ema | _ —_ or ° po ~ ~ LS O 72) ‘ ~ = = "3 = i] =e o® ] _— a me -) a OOP et re By William J. White, Jr. Odd Products of Human Ingenuity. Fire Victims Lowered to Safety... Tractor Saws Logs and Fells Trees Baby Carriage on a Walking Stick. | Aquatic Harvester Mows Down ee Nineteen New Aids for the Home- CI ct aire ot irda Malena cri 5 Kinks for the Auto Handyman. ... What's Wrong with Markin’s Car?. Amazing New Car Has No Gears. . — By Newton Burke New Detector Tube Brings You More Distant Stations.......... By Alexander Senaulke, E.E.. Hints for Radio Novices.......... The Home Workshop .. eee What Radio Kit Sets Offer You. .. By Alfred P, Lane | Better Shop Methods......... ae | And More Than Two Hundred | Other Articles and Pictures en 11 14 16 64 67 70 74 IN ONE 00 Earne MONTH A Big Money-Making Business A Business to Enthuse Over—The “Ideal” Lawn Mower Sharpener A wonderful invention that sharpens lawn mowers sclentif!- cally—quickly— perfectly; does the work as nothing else can. FRED C. MILKERT OF ROSELLE, ILL., WRITES: ‘‘The Ideal Lawn Mower Sharpener put me in business, starting in the basement of my home and forcing me now for the third time to move into bigger quarters. Today the dream of my life—a shop of my own—is realized. With a machine like yours and a little hustle any man can have a business of his own and be independent.” W. F. Kendt, Buffalo writes: Zeno Brandon, Middlet “I sharpened 994 lawn mow- Ohio, writes: ers last season, and the re- “rl made $820.70 in 55 days ceipts were nearly $2100.00 with my “Taeat’. Have made which is not bad for a side as high as $38.70 in one day.” " €. W. McCormick, Saginaw, Michigan, writes: “I have ground over 5,000 mowers during the past five years besides working at my trade.”’ You Start Now # No town too small. D.S. Newcomer of Vinton, Ia. i writes: ‘People come from miles around and from other towns to have their mowers ground.”’ Lawn mowers are dull—owners don’t know where to get them sharpened. Mowing the lawn dreaded because of dull or improp- erly sharpened mower. Lawn mowing healthful, in- vigorating and pleasant when mower is “Ideally” sharpened. You do the work scientifically—you are in big demand. Lawn Mowers Sharpened to Razor Edge—?r' glad—owners delight in mowing lawn with mower sharpened on an “Ideal”. Mowers run light—click-click- click and the grass is cut. Build permanent business for yourself. Start now! Write Today line.’”’ Fred Milkert, Roselle, Ull., writes: ‘Last Junel sharpened 25¢6lawn mowers for which I ree ceived $542." 4 BEEBE 918-944 Bell St., Plymouth, Ohio FREE Detailed illus- trated catalog and booklet “Let George Say It.” & ee OE AD RD GASOLINE JOIN THE GASOLINE WAR ¢ USE THIS—MAIL IT TODAY The Fate-Root-Heath Company 918-944 Bell St., Plymouth, Ohio Please mail at once free Illustrated Cata- tow Write today. log and Booklet ‘Let George Say It.” PD iceiiadtcsesvnciciicnmciesiitcualiniiidtenaianaiadenhin - The Fate-Root-Heath Co. SC ie ssicoean : Thousands Report More Miles Per Gallon Over a million car owners have joined a movement to cut down the high cost of gasoline by installing an amazing device which, ac- cording to reports, has dou- bled the miles per gallon in some cases. J. T Ends Carbon Troubles Official tests show that most car owners waste 20 to 30% of their gasoline through improper vapor- izing. This simple little device has increased vaporization by a new engineering principle, accord- ing to car owners. They also say it picks up power Jackson drove a 1914 model Ford 57 miles ona gallon. A Chevrolet owner re- ports 43 miles on a gallon, a Buick 36 miles on 114 gals., and many other } 73 startling savings. The inventor offers it ona no-risk test. good as and liams. in one $48 ““My gas bill has been cut nearly in half stalled, my engine runs as new, starts easier quicker. In hours Saturday I secured orders”’ J . Cronk reports $51 hour. $147.50 in one day. more quickly, ends spark plug and carbon trou- bles and works in all weathers and roads in 3 Hours Since in- three A. Wil- Herrick obligate me. J. A. STRANSKY MFG. CO. Pukwana, S. D. Dept. B-730 Name Address Distributors Wanted $75 to $150 in a week can be made as distributor for this amaz- ing device, in full or spare time Other men have earned big quick profits with it. Over a million car owners have bought it. Full pave newspaper ads are being used all over America. We give you exact plan to follow that has helped others earn $75 to $150 in a week. Test at Inventor’s Risk The inventor will gladly let you test this gas-saving device at his risk. Mail coupon below for details, avd for money-making plan in full or spare time J. A. Stransky Mfg. Co., Dept. B-730, Pukwana, S. D. Yes, send me details of your no-ris\ offer and your $75 to $150 in a week money-making plan This does not

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY February, 1927 Your Answer May Be Here! Q. Is there much difference in the value of B-Eliminators? A. Just as much as there is in Radio Sets, Real Estate or Jewelry. Q. How much should I pay for a B-Power Unit? A. $49.50. We consider cheap Eliminators the poorest investment in radio. Q. Why do you think yours is better? A. Because we have an exceptional record for produc- ing only high quality. Everything we have ever put out, either in parts, circuits or receivers has been a continued Q. What is the latest in Audio Amplification? A. In our opinion it is the fact that those best informed are coming back to the belief we have always held, namely, that 00d audio transformers pro- duce the best results and at the least expense of any method known today. Q. Do you build impedances and such things? A. We do not, because we believe transformers are better. Q. Where can I read more on this sub- ject? A. In Better Tuning, a booklet we publish to tell our readers many things they don’t find elsewhere. QUESTION: What is this? ANSWER. radio reception with up-to-date tubes and speakers. It is a B-Power Unit, a necessity for best Q. What does it do? A. It supplies plate—or B-current from the light socket for your receiver at voltages that are really high enough to operate tubes correctly. Q. Where are the knobs? Bee ? A. There are no knobs necessary with our method,—and consequently no guess-work. You set this unit for the number and kind of tubes in use and there is no more to be done. Does Better Tuning discuss B- Eliminators? A. It does—frankly. , Q. Do you build Receivers? A. We build Counterphase Receivers. HERE IS THE “EIGHT’”—CLOSED Q. Where are the dials? A. There are none. Stations are read directly in wave lengths. Q. But how do you log them? A. There is no need for logging. Each set is individually logged before shipment and guaranteed correct. This method is patented by us. Q. How do you tune? A. Open the door, and turn the kncb which tunes five stages at once. HERE IS THE ‘‘EIGHT’’—OPEN Circulars are free on all B-T products. BETTER TUNING gives more complete informa- tion on many radio subjects. Sent postpaid for 10c. BREMER-TULLY MFG. CO. 520 SO. CANAL ST. CHICAGO, ILL. | | | | © This seal on a radio, tool or oil burner advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. R. R. DONNELLEY & SONS CO., CHICAGO agnifice Get Spe The celebrate 30 been ada: selectivit ance gettin; Nes. ve ery e I it cabin s bel is Walnut f oast re. et, 2 GETS | COAST Nwey-¥ haf! SER-AGI Ptstrom users M* of the many meuly of addit, Miraco § tged Stat kwe hac se of so thakar i elved SIX VAX, 1 france set! J 1 have | 1 Speake, ’ € house tS $200 ¢ ‘trated a T distar OR} Exper: Very we More , irks Dress VILLIAys |

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| REEIN YOUR HO

Built like -to look like—and perform like $200 sets le Dial Control! Powerful Miraco “Unitune” Get Special Offer Amazing Low Price! Me celebrated Miraco Ultra. — U.S. Navy type circuit, has so been adapted to Single Dial Tuning—without sacrifice selectivity, volume, clearness, power, tone, or dis- getting qualities! In the magnificent big Miraco Uni- ne above shown, you turn one vernier knob for stations where. Beautiful hand-rubbed, piano hinged, solid wal- cabinet, 28 in. long, 15 in. deep, 10in. high. Bloping Bakelite ¢|is walnut finished to match. Also offered on 30 days free trial! oast 0 Coastan* foreign KIRACO Reception Certified aa Mixago users. ey ing trom delighted wore so highly endorsing (OAS em to friends) again enable us to a osts COAST eal Sin agnificent Bi

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of costly new features, latest refinements and up-to-the-minute improvements such as you might expect to only on much higher priced sets. Miraco’s this year are still better—more beautiful— more selective—morepowerful forlessmoney than ever before, SER-AGENTS WANTED . - WRITE! m users everywhere leave little for us to add. These are only emany in our files and which we receive daily. Send coupoD y of additional proof and testimony of nearby users. Miraco Separates Stations That More Expensive Sets Can't “ged stations from coast to coast the second gwe had Miraco and got some difficult stations *e of so many broadcasting stations coming in “thesame number. Wecan separate them where the best receiving sets in the neighborhood can- ire well pleased with the set and heartily mend it. W.J. PErerson, Seibert, Colorado. N. Y. Heard Europe eeived six foreign stations during test week: 2LO, VAX, Lima, Peru, Hamburg, Germany; PTT, trance; SCR, Brussels, Belgium. The Mireco éset! Local and distant stations come in so loud 1have to shut it down. Had Porto Rico on ‘speaker last week so you could hear it through wlehouse. Gus Eurman, Futon, New York. ts $200 to $300 Sets in Demonstration ‘wo is the best performer in this town. I have ‘rated against $200 and $300 sets and |beat t distance and quietness. OREN W. Fawcett, Saybrook, Illinois, Experts Say It Can’t Be Beat very We pieased with my Miraco. Fact is, it “a Surprise that I haven’t gotten over it yet. perated sets all over the world for the last ars, I think that I ought to have some idea of vadcast receiver should be. Iam sure that you “*t that can’t be beat. Llogged fifty-six stations tut, A. W. Bryant, Terre Haute, Ind. P Out Performs Costlier Sets a KFT Miraco very much. The first night I re- : al s Angeles), WPG, WHN, CFCF. This ea ; ‘coast to coast ; received 47 stations that | the ‘ext night I received 27 stations. That ain alot of sets are doing that cost from 50 to ee more than mine. It is all you claimed it is M01 C. A. Moors, Van Dyke, Mich. Alaska Hears Chicago’ ing up here in Alaska one thousand miles t takes a good receiver to pick up any )..'riet, especially near Juneau, our Capi- 1 ems to be bothered with electrical cur-

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oT? it the Miraco picked up stations a. I've heard Omaha several é PARKER, Gustavus, Alaska, Superior to High Priced Set LIE | ae ng fine. Have coms 4 “he (names expensive set) Tin performance. The ‘ture of this machine ter-balancer. I haven’t her set with this re- feature, and it makes an on those who hear and see, \ KRUMMEL, Mapleton, Iowa.

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CBig Powerful New OD) JN J y/ { =) RAOGCE MARK REGISTERED ULTRA-SELECTIVE LONG DISTANCE RECEIVERS= EASYON CURRENT

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ng Tremendously increased sales of the beautiful big Miraco’s—due to user-agents finding them unbeatable among the fine, high-grade sets (even at several times the price!) for razor-edge selectivity combined with extreme long distance reception, clear natural tone, powerful loud speaker volume and economical operation—enable us to GREATLY REDUCE the wholesale prices. Latest, up-to-the-minute models— Sets and accessories! Get the big newdiscountsand Amazing Spe- Send postal or the coupon today—Now! Compare with Any 6 to 8 Tube Sets— Unless 30 Days’ Trial proves your Miraco the most selective, the clearest toned and most powerful distance-getter among sets using up to 8 tubes—don’t buy it! Enjoy a powerful big Miraco in your home—at our risk—and be thoroughly convinced. Satisfaction unconditionally Your verdict final—absolutely nc strings to our offer. guaranteed. Operate from Light Socket or Batteries Miracos are specially adapted and unsurpassed for economical operation with A- and B- i Power tubes and more than 90 <oap?? Ber. . volts of ‘‘B’’ Current may be used, although the power built right into a Miraco makes light socket power supply units—or with batteries. unnecessary the use of other than regular tubes and 90 volts. Send Coupon Factory Prices Save You |! Save or make a lot of money on sets and accessories by dealing direct with a big, old, F Greatly reduced wholesale prices— get User-Agent’s Special Offer on Demonstrating Set (no contract to sign, no red-tape). reliable manufacturer (7th successful year). Our offer will AMAZE you. Send Coupon now!

RELIABILITY! The Midwest organization was one 0 the very first to engage in the manufac- ture of radio sets. We consider them to be both morally and financially re- sponsible. rey havea reputation for fair_and 8 PROVI quare dealings IDENT BANK & TRUS .--THE VINGS T CO. SA

7th Anniversary Special! Only $19.95 net—an unheard-of price for a high-grade; fully guaranteed 5-tube radio! It’s the new $30 (retail list) Miraco Compact—14’ wide, finished in brown mahogany. Can't be equaled anywhere near the price in quality of construction, selectivity, distance-get- ting power, tone, ease and economy of operation— let 30 days’ trial prove this! Complete with high- grade accessories—nothing else to buy—only $49.85 net. Act quick—supply limited. Get Special Offer!

Coast to [Coast range. Powerful, selective; clear, sweet tone. aud Another *bargain, direct from factory,

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raco sets at rock ng up bes, batteries, etc., at big savings from us! Get our proposition before spending DI money elsewherg MIDWEST RA ' Pioneer 408.W Miraco Builds igation, Se bi Without obligate 3 of your or fal parece ono

se NAME ADDRESS free literature, oving ner) Agen testimony of tacto t baer oe 4 or e ope All the Proof you want is waiting for You! Conon or postal brings reports from hosts of users in your vicinity and elsewhere proving that i hints, . = y-saving factory prices, outperform sets cost- to four times as much, You can also buy speakers, oO COR Builders of

AMAZI ice prope User Cincinnati, O NG SPECIAL C sition yz )FFER

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Page 152

m : * > = : a ie > Fa ‘ yo BS i y| 4 é a Bl FP, " & ‘ ty Oo) Tel 365 WGN IE ans AYear * L., tls de Revolutionizes Shav . “THINK of it! 365 keen, cool shaves a year from the same blade! is doing for American shavers everywhere! "~~ KRISS-KROSS marks the beginning ofsa*new era in shaving comfort and economy. ‘Its per- formance is so sensational that it seems hardly fair to call it a stropper. Rather it is a super- stropper or blade-rejuvenator! Almost literally, it makes a new blade out of an old one every day. No longer do you find that your blades “die” after five or six shaves. KRISS-KROSS “brings ’em to life’ a surprising way, week after week and month after month—and endows them with a keenness that they never possessed when brand- new! Actually—you can take a blade righ: out of a fresh package and improve it almost 100% in eleven seconds with KRISS-KROSS! No wonder experts pronounce it one of the greatest inventions ever patented! Magic Diagonal Stroke Until you’ve seen KRISS-KROSS, fitted its sturdy, nickeled smoothness into the palm of your hand and tested its uncanny dexterity yourself, you'll never know how amazing it really is! It employs the famous diagonal stroke, same as a master barber uses. Never before has anyone captured the secret of reproducing it automati- cally. Eight “lucky leather grooves” do the trick in 11 seconds with a precision it takes a master bar- ber years to attain But that’s not all. KRISS-KROSS embodies still another feature that has hitherto baffled mechanical reproduction. It strops from heavy to light. It’s absolutely uncanny the way the strokes start with, strong pressure and grow That’s what the revolutionary invention of a St. Louisman’ lighter and lighter until an adjrstable, automatic jig flies up and notifies.you that your blade is ready—ready with the keenest cutting edge that steel can take! Fits All Blades KRISS-KROSS produces unbelievable sharp- ness and prolongs the life of any razor blade for months and even years... Fits all brands and makes except Durham. Eliminates 83% of shav- ing costs and ends all bother about remembering to buy new blades! No more “raking” and scrap- ing with dull ones, either! No more stinging and smarting that has to be relieved with mess lotions and harsh astringents. KRISS-KROS solves your blade problem for all time and gives you keen, velvet-smooth shaves forever—the kind you've only dreamed of until now! | | fi 3-Way Razor Free To Every User— t astonishing razor you ever saw. Really 3 razors in one. Adjust- able to any shaving position. Novel feature reduces beard resistance 45%. Nothing like it ever before. I'll ‘ou one FREE to in- troduce KRISS-KROSS pper. po“KRISS KROSS Rhodes Mfg. Company, Dept. B-241 ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI 1418 PENDLETON AVE. STROPPER Largest Manufacturers of Mechanical Stroppers in the World y Phas, * Sensational Offer And now for my surprising offer. To introdut KRISS-KROSS to those. who Have not yet seet it, lam giving with it Free.a.new kind of ras0ig® Possesses remarkable features. Instantly aé justable to any shaving position. A flip of the, er makes it (1) T-shape; (2) straight (of style); or (3) diagonal (new way). Gives a slidin ins of pulling stroke. Simply zips righ thro the toughest crop of whiskers and leavé t your face satin-smooth and cool. Made of rustles | metal. All one connected piece—nothing to asse! er screw up. Comes with 5 special-process blades al is entirely unlike anything you ever saw before! Send Coupon To-Day! Send for details and information on these surprisi# : new KRISS-KROSS inventions today. See for you self exactly how uncanny J ny aheey they are. adint the amazing. praise of enth@siastic users incl 4 many of America’s famous men. Clip the co rele illustrated description and free razor offer. it of now! Mail it today! ' Agents! Make excellent money with. FREE razors boost your profi H. King made $66 in one day. . CG, made $104 in 3 days! Others average $350 Re $750 a month! Spare-time we Office and Factory men make up to $12 extra a day showing KRISS-KR friends and fellow employes. S. made $154 extra just working ¢ weeks. Get details at once. Chec coupon and mail it tonight! ISS-KROSe, see SENSE RESEERRERE SHR SR eee eek ee see eee Rhodes Mfg¢. Co., Dept. B-241, ‘ 1418 Pendleton Ave., St. Louis, Mo. Without obligation, please send me illustrated c tion and full details of your special introductor on KRISS-KROSS super-stropper and FR razor. City ( ) Check here i authorized KRISS. ee : ;