Popular Science Monthly 1926-08: Vol 109 Iss 2

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J Sia. cae pienso ose OO OOOO ~B~WIWIS te “es Rito, ina Wilddalay tee: ; ' $1000 IN CASH PRIZES THIS MONTH | See Page 12 | 8

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY SUMNER N. BLOSSOM, Editor August, 1926

A Doctor Discual Sex Appeal Why all gentlemen don’t prefer blondes and why two people with red hair rarely marry —Why we love the women we do, explained in an unusual way By Frederic Damrau, M.D. HY, whatever can he see in that girl?” You've heard the ques- tion often. Quite likely you’ve asked it yourself. You’ve heard women ask it indignantly; women with personal designs on the young man under discus- sion. Or, perhaps, if the victim hap- pened to be an old chum, you have put the query rather compassionately, having in mind your friend’s remembered stipula- tions of more youthful days. And now look at the girl he’s picked! Beautiful? Positively not! Hardly to be called attractive. Yet, you recall vague- ly, Harry always said he preferred the plump ones. “T like to know I’ve got ‘someone in my arms,” he used to say. Still, the question refuses to be downed: “Whatever can hé see in that girl?” The answer is, he just couldn’t help himself. He had to fall in love with that particular woman. And, if you're still single, the same kind of fate is in store for you; that is, you will find yourself irre- sistibly attracted to a certain girl, for reasons—if you even consider them, which is doubtful—quite un- fathomable. physical needs ripens into affection. Your ideal takes the shape of the one who has made the greatest sacrifices un- complainingly for your sake. Girls have similar experiences. A girl discovers her heart palpitating when in the company of a man whose voice is of a certain pitch; whose laugh is hearty; whose shoulders are broad. She realizes it would not be difficult for her to fall in love with him. And she will find—no doubt about it—that the man who was nearest her in her baby days—the one who bounced her on his knee and pushed her buggy through the park—had that same vocal pitch, or hearty laugh. This is no theory of mine. It’s the finding of the new psychology. And I’ve confirmed it to my own satisfaction with independent tests. Of late, questionnaires have been ex- ceedingly popular, and the college lads have borne the brunt of the interrogating. Which is more popular, corned beef or chicken 4 la king? Ask the college boys. Is Gloria Swanson or Mary Pickford the better actress? Ask the college boys. Are flopping galoshes responsible for the flapper, and if so, why? Ask the eof boys. Throughout the deluge the | have been scribbling uncomplaining revealing their innermost thoughts. ¥ information of real value, and much too, are the result of all this. 4 Possibly you recall a recent survey which the youths were asked to deser cr their ideals of womanhood. When ¢ planned to settle down to matrime which would they. choose for life parta —the flappers or the old-fashioned g And you will remember that, despi < students’ apparent fondness for the if model as a roadster companion, he vol to cast her out when it came time switch to the matrimonial flivver. HY? The answer is simple. F lads at college today came into! world a few years after the birth of} twentieth century. Most of their mo ers were of the old-fashioned type, W looked askance at flappers. - And, sing mental picture of his mother as a flapy shocked him, he could not complacent visualize his future wife in the same pa Not only that, but the young men W on recdrd overwhelmingly”

The solution of the riddle goes back to your cradle days. Before you could talk, or walk —almost before the time you A could distinguish objects clear- ly—you began forming your impression of the ideal girl. And the basis of that ideal, the real root of sex appeal, is your mother. A hand reaches into the crib to tuck you in. The same hand guides food to your mouth; you associate a certain form with your comfort and well-being. Gradually the purely animal satisfaction re- sulting from gratification of

Women Men Marry YOU ever wondered what an old friend saw to admire in the plain girl he married, this article is sure to interest you. Maybe it was the tilt of her head, or a seductive scent, or the way she wore her hair. But whatever else it was, there was one underlying reason, the same impulse which, Dr. Damrau says, all men subconsciously follow. The writer is a leading neurologist of New York City, and his conclusions are based on observations of hundreds of cases. Read his article and ask yourself if he isn’t right. opposed to their wives’ ing. The subconscious react was that their mothers did —and their mothers, reméi ber, are their ideals. Another _ interesting light on the question thrown by a survey made} the Bureau of Social Hygien under the direction of Katherine B. Davis. Que tionnaires, bearing queries | the most intimate nati were sent to 1,000 wome They dealt with the relatie ship between man and wi with the ultimate object | determining what conditiol

tended to make married l

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eet ‘takes the mother complex as the 10 And the women who continued to work after they were married far ex- ceeded the “home bodies” in the un- oup! 2 ally Sead, I am not trying to argue inst married women In business. I merely cite this as I think it strengthens the theory of sex appeal as I am outlining it, Married women of a generation ago did not go out to work; it simply wasn't done; and, although their sons, believing themselves broadminded on the subject, to permit their wives to continue working, it militated against the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY to the sweetest girl in the world, but she is a blonde, not the drug store variety, either. Everyone knows how dissimilar those types are.” But are they? Who says so? I hate to shatter a belief of such long standing, but I must in the interest of truth. Except for pigmentation, the blonde and the brunette are virtually interchangeable. You don’t have to take my word for that. I'll refer you to a test made recently at the University of Minnesota—another one of those questionnaires—by two August, 1926 will mate in a majority of cases, but the reverse will not upset my original premise. All the above does not completely ex- plain the choice of the mythical Harry - mentioned in the opening paragraphs. The point that sticks in the back of your head is that Harry in his youth insisted that his future wife be beautiful. ‘ And,” you remark with derision, “look at what he picked!” In answer to this I'll say that Harry’s wife is beautiful, and will then appa:ently contradict that statement by declaring there is no such thing as intrinsic of the household. What psy- chology calls the “mother complex was stronger than reason. OT so many years ago Professor N Sigmund Freud, of Vienna, set the medical world agog with his startling theories regarding the queer doings of the human subconscious mind. The great point in Freud’s argument was the sex life of children. An important point he made was that, as a rule, the baby’s first love is his mother. As he grows older, this mother romance is likely to become a complex, meaning a group of ideas bossed by a constant craving. The craving is for his mother’s love; the group of ideas, everything connected with his mother. In later life, the average man standard of perfection, and it’s the little things that count. A man may fall in love because of the tilt of a woman’s head; a seductive scent that stirs him unaccountably; the way she wears her hair. But the mother com- plex is back of it all. beauty. In your talks with this mis- guided—as you believe—young man, you may have assumed that both of you had the same idea as to what constituted beauty. Actually, your ‘views were widely divergent. Harry will be just as disappointed in your choice, probably, as you were in his; because beauty is in the eye of the beholder. That, of course, is no new theory, and sounds somewhat banal; yet it always seems to come as a sur- prise, and requires backing up. ITH that in mind, I asked three young men of my ac- quaintance which of the following movie stars, Lillian Gish, Mae Murray or Nita Naldi, they considered the most beautiful. I purposely selected those actresses, representing as they do very distinct types. I got a vote for each one! Less than a month ago one of a rapidly depleting bachelor group marched to the altar, but the woman who knelt at the rail with him was not the pretty little girl who had been the object of his sporadic attentions. Gloria Swanson owes her present eminent position in the film world to the manner in which she leaned against a door. Sounds ridiculous, doesn’t it? Yet the story is vouched for by the man who had the most to do with starting her on her meteoric career, Cecil B. de Mille, the famous producer and director. During the filming of one of the early Mack Sennett comedies, Mr. de Mille’s attention strayed for a moment from the principals to the slim figure of an extra whose presence meant little or nothing to the success of the picture. Something in the attitude of the young woman as she stood against a door caught the director's eye and held him spell- bound. “QHE leaned like a woman in dis- tress,” he said later, “with her soul expressed in the pose of her body.” For the remainder of the day Mr. de Mille watched the girl anxiously, and was disappointed. “She was very, very bad for the rest of the time,” he admitted; but on the strength of those few seconds he gave her a chance at something bet- ter. Now see where she is! _ So it is with love. Just such a pose, provided it duplicates an attitude struck Y @ man’s mother, may mean he will start wooing her ardently, his mind made up before he has even seen her face. “But,” you may object, “this feature of resemblance does not work out in my case. My mother was a brunette—deep brown eyes, black hair. And I’m married Five Men Married Her Is it because she is blonde? Is it because she is beautiful? Just what is the appeal that our own much-married Peggy Joyce exercises on the male of the species? Dr. Damrau would say it is not because she is all things, but be- cause she is one thing—the mother memory— to all men. Is the doctor right or is he wrong? members of the faculty. They had their doubts that the brunette invariably is posi- tive, driving, hopeful, and loving, while the blonde is negative, plodding, sub- missive, and static. A list was prepared of various traits attributed to both types and given to ninety-four students of psychology. Each was told to select two pronounced blondes and two equally decided brunettes from among his acquaintances, and to judge them with respect to the characteristics on the list. The students were not in- formed of the purpose of the test, that they might not unconsciously follow the old formula. It was discovered that no possible line of demarcation could be drawn. Whereas one student ascribed positiveness to a blonde of his acquaintance, another credited his brunette friend with the same trait. And so it went all the way down the line. Vigorous brunettes, pas- sive blondes; passive brunettes and vigorous blondes. So, you see, color does not necessarily have anything to do with it. It is true that in most instances a blonde will marry one of that type and brunettes Another took her place; one who, though frequently seen in our friend’s company, was, we thought, never seriously considered as a candidate. As a matter of fact, most of us secret- ly envied his pre-matrimonial stand- ing with the one who lost out. She was pretty—I mean by that she an- swered my conception of the word— and an agreeable companion. Fur- thermore, it was plain to be seen from her actions that she did not regard our friend as less than dirt. Yet he fooled us all by marrying a girl whom I considered positively plain. In an offhand way I asked him—when his wife was not around, of course—what had be- come of his flapper friend, and how was it that negotiations had been broken off? “(\H,” he replied, “she was all right, but—”’ He didn’t finish the sentence, but I knew what he meant. She wasn’t his dream girl, and the one he married was. Possibly you are still unconvinced. Then make this test for yourself: Cut out the photographs of a dozen pretty women from a magazine or rotogravure section and submit them to as many men, with instructions that each select the one he considers the most attractive. You're bound to get a variety of answers. And you'll probably find yourself waxing indignant at some of the selections. Bear in mind, however, that your pick will be frowned upon, too. Beauty contests have become one of (Continued on page 104) our most popular

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—pogust, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 11 range Warship Defies Attack apa

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$9 Nee net eS ANTi-TORPEDO BULGE FILLED WITH WATER BALLAST

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Ttalian Plans a Semisubmersible to Resist Bombs, Guns and Torpedoes sow strange semisubmersible battleship, proposed by _ ing a “raft” for the submerged ship. Even with the entire Nabor Soliani, Italian naval engineer, is shown subjected superstructure destroyed, the ship is not vitally injured. to gun, bomb and torpedo fire. When attacked, the ship One third of her 20,000 tons’ displacement is water ballast, can submerge until only the superstructure is visible, and filling the anti-torpedo bulges at the sides, so that, if tor- that is encased in six-inch armor and filled with cork, form- _pedoed, the only result may be a drop in speed.

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$1000 in \ ’ THEN the judges decided on the prize awards in the first of our great monthly series of $1000 Picture Contests, we wrote to the leading prize winners and asked: “Just how did you go about the task of finding the mistakes of John and Mary Newlywed, and of the artist who drew the picture in the March Contest?” The replies showed such ingenuity in devising systems to “spot” the mistakes, that we are passing the suggestions along, in the hope that they may aid you with this month’s Contest picture, which ap- pears on the opposite page. This is how Arthur Stert of Ferndale, Mich., (you'll see his picture on page fourteen with other winners) won the first prize of $500: “The best lesson I learned from study- ing the picture,” he writes, “was the value of perseverance. The first fifty mistakes came easy. After that I spent a few minutes each day, firm in the resolution to find at least one additional error at each studying, writing down every one.” G. A. Graham of Baltimore, Md., win- ner of the third prize of $50, employed a different but equally effective method. “After taking a preliminary survey of the picture I started at a given point and worked around from that point examining every object, surface and line with sus- picion. As mistakes were observed they were noted down.” Another of the prize winners, J. G. des POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 19% CASH PRIZES— Winners in the March Contest Tell How They Found Mistakes of John and Mary —How Many Can Y ou Find? Are You Alert? OPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY will award $1,000 in sixty- three cash prizes for the best answers submitted in this, the last, of this fascinating series of contests. Cash prizes will be distributed as follows: First Prize ........ $ 500 Second Prize ...... 100 Third Prize........ 50 10 Prizes, $10 each. 100 50 Prizes, $5each.. 250 Total Prizes. .$1,000 Rivieres of Ottawa, Canada, found that by drawing an outline copy of the picture “many mistakes were revealed which otherwise would have remained undis- covered.” Still another winner, B. L. Jirou of El Paso, Tex., compared each object shown in the Contest picture with a correct pic- ture of a similar object, obtained in a reference book. In this manner he was able to “note each difference of general construction and detail.” Virtually every one of the winners, whose names appear below, and thom sands of other readers have written en. thusiastically of the value of our contests in developing a large knowledge of the proper way of doing things in the search for the errors in the pictures and of their value in increasing powers of observation, It was in the hope that the contests. would have these results that the series has been presented. And it is because it has had these results that, although this is the last of the series of competi. tions, we plan to continue the pictures as a regular monthly feature. Our picture puzzles will offer you useful information in an interesting form; fascinating game for the whole family, Look, for a moment, at this month's Contest picture. At first you may see nothing unusual in it. It simply shows John Newlywed in his cellar, searching for trouble that has caused failure of his household electrical supply. His wife, Mary, is there, too, doing the washing, . UT actually, John or Mary, or both, are doing one or more things in the wrong way. What are they doing wrong, and why is it wrong? What mistakes has: the artist made in drawing the picture? How many mistakes of all kinds can you find? How observant are you? First, read the rules carefully, then begin the search for mistakes. You'll find the Contest not only extremely interest- ing but profitable as well. $10 PRIZE WINNERS K. L. Bridges, New York City John Cline, Alix, Ark. J. G. des Rivieres, Ottawa, Canada C. R. Helper, Sturgis, Mich. B. L. Jirou, El Paso, Texas C. J. and A. W. Manuel, Perkasie, Pa. Howard Vincent O’Brien, Winnetka, Ill. B. Rowe, New York City Stanley Spannare, Mayville, N. D. Fred H. Tanke, Norwood, Minn. $5 PRIZE WINNERS Walter E. Adams, Omaha, Neb. I. F. Bachelder, Waterbury, Conn. David M. Bauer, Norristown, Pa. Roland Becker, Carbondale, Pa. Paul L. Brandt, Altoona, Pa. John Mott Avent, Staten Island, N. Y. Andrew P. Berendsen, Bay Point, Calif. Prize Winners in the Contest Published in Our March Issue FIRST PRIZE, $500—Arthur Stert, Ferndale, Mich. SECOND PRIZE, $100—Floyd J. Walter, Albany, N.Y. THIRD PRIZE, $50—G. A. Graham, Baltimore, Md. J. B. Brown, Jackson, Mich. Lowell M. Brown, Bartlett, N. H. G. W. Carbee, Los Angeles, Calif. Aaron Lee Carthage, New York City Robert S. Danskin, Arlington Heights, Mass. Thomas E. Davies, Nemacolin, Pa. Harry Hatton, Burnettsville, Ind. Henry M. Holmes, Rochester, N. Y. Alfred E. Hubbard, Lansdowne, Pa. Robert L. Horton, Hackensack, N. J. M. A. Lecrone, Karthaus, Pa. Walter E. Mayer, Youngstown, Ohio T. M. McEwan, Springfield, Mass. Robert L. McFarland, Brooklyn, N. Y. Joseph E: MclIlwain, Ralston, Pa. Evelyn C. Mess, Indianapolis, Ind. Gordon B. Mess, Indianapolis, Ind. Clement E. Moyer, Penbrook, Pa. George W. Myers, Honolulu, T. H. Richard W. Page, Grand Gorge, N. Y. William B. Parmelee, Chicago, Ill. Rene D. Pepin, Springfield, Mass. D. H. Petithory, Pensacola, Fla. Harold Trent Power, Piedmont, Calif. Alfred T. Renfro, Bellevue, Wash. J. W. Riddle, Alice, N. D. Eric B. Roberts, Regirfa, Sask., Canada P. W. Rushforth, Honolulu, T. H. A. P. Rutherford, Salem, Ore. Duard E. Scott, Wellington, Tex. Ray H. Seaman, Detroit, Mich. Charles T. Sharpe, Los Angeles, Calif. R. H. Sherry, Evanston, IIl. T. H. Simmons, Boston, Mass. Lawrence Eugene Smith, Cleveland Heights, Ohio Mr. and Mrs. P. J. Steen, Two Dot, Mont. Vernon Taylor, Oberon, N. D. Hugh D. Via, Portsmouth, Va. George A. Webster, Glens Falls, N. Y. H. E. Wichmann, Stoughton, Wis. J. E. Willson, Jr., Charlotte; N. C. N. Lewis Yerkes, Hatboro, Pa. Martin W. Zollner, Waukesha, Wis. SEE PAGE 14 FOR PHOTOGRAPHS OF SOME OF THE WINNING CONTESTANTS Be ee i ak ee in a oh a a Oe ly ee ee -

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 13 icturer What’s Wrong in This P Something has caused a failure of the electrical supply in the home of are John, or Mary, or both, doing wrong, and why are they wrong? What mistakes has the artist made in drawing the picture? See how many errors of all kinds you can find. The rules of the contest are given beiow the Newlyweds, so John goes into the cellar to try to locate the trouble. Mary, meanwhile, gets an early start on the week’s wash. . What things The Rules of the Contest—Follow Them Carefully 1 John and Mary Newlywed appear * above in another of the series of Contest Pictures which POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY has been printing from month to month. The picture shows John or Mary, or both, doing one or more things in the wrong way, and, in addition, there are a number of deliberate mistakes by the artist in drawing the picture. You are to tell us what things are being done wrong and what things are drawn wrong in each picture, and why they are wrong. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLYwill * award $1,000 in 63 cash prizes for the best answers giving the greatest number of mistakes in the picture. These cash prizes will be distributed as follows: SES ere ee * $500 Second Prize................. 100 (ES SS Se 50 Next 10 Prizes, $10 each. ..... 100 Next 50 Prizes, $5 each....... 250 Total Cash Prizes............ $1,000 Prizes will be awarded to those * persons who point out the largest number of actual mistakes found in the oa picture and who present their explana- tions of the errors in the clearest and most skilful way. Actual mistakes shall be construed in all cases to mean mistakes appearing in the picture about which there can be no question in the opinion of the judges. In case of ties, the full amount of the prize will be given to each tying contestant. To insure consideration in this * month’s contest, answers to the picture in this month’s issue, published July 10, must be mailed or delivered not later than August 30. No entry bearing a postmarked date later than the closing date for entry will be con- sidered. Answers may be submitted on any ¢ kind of paper, but they must be typewritten or written in ink, and on one side of the paper only. Each error must be listed separately and num- bered. No changes or corrections will be allowed in any entry after submis- sion, but any contestant may submit as many separate entries as he desires. All entries should be addressed * to the Picture Contest Editor, POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, 250 Fourth avenue, New York City. Name and address of the entrant must be written plainly on each page of the entry. Entries with insufficient post- age will not be accepted. The pub- lishers cannot be responsible for delay, loss, or non-delivery of entries. No contribution entered in this contest will be acknowledged and none will bé re- turned. No letters of inquiry regarding points covered in the rules can be answered. You pay nothing. Just prove your * knowledge and observation. You need not buy POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY to compete. You can bor- row a copy from a friend or you can examine one at any office of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY or at public libra- ries free of charge. The contest is open to everybody, except employees of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY and the Popular Science Institute of Standards and their families. 8 Officials of the Popular Science ¢ Institute of Standards will act as judges and their decisions will be final. Acceptance of these rules is an implied condition of each entry.

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14 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 19% They Are All Prize Winners Some of thé Leaders in the March Picture Contest er Second Prize | } Floyd J. Walter (left), winner of second prize, is an instructor in chem. istry in the Albany High School, Albany,’ N. Y. Searching for the Mistakes of John and Mary Newlywed, he found. was profitable recreation after the day's work in the classroom. He wins $109 : Third Prize Tinkering with his automobile is q hobby of G. A. Graham, an electrical engineer of Baltimore, Md., (below), winnerof the $50 prize. “I started at a given point on the March contest picture,” he ‘‘and worked around from that point, ex. amining objects and lines for mistakes” First Prize Perseverance, ingenuity and pains- taking skill won the first prize of $500 for Arthur Stert (above) of Ferndale, Mich., in the March Picture Contest. Here he is in his basement home workshop, where he built a remarkable little model garage (at left) to house the pic- ture of John and Mary Newlywed and his winning answers. The doors of the garage are fitted with a tiny homemade lock that really works. Midget switch buttons operate a light over the doorway Mr. and Mrs. Charles J. Manuel of Perkasie, Pa., with their little daughter. ‘‘This interesting contest has taught us to study the things about us more intensely,’’ they say Besides running a garage and machine shop at Alix, Ark., John Cline floes considerable flying Howard Vincent “My great delight is O’Brien, writer, of fixing things that don’t Winnetka, IIl., and one work right,’’ writes of his three children. J. G. des Rivieres, Ot- He confesses ‘‘a chronic tawa,Canada.His other weakness for puzzles”’ hobby is his family At left is a 12-year-old At right—B. L. Jirou prize winner—Stanley of El Paso, Tex. An Spannare of Mayville, electrician, he enjoys N. D., with his “bike” “everything scientific” AMES of all prize winners in the April Picture Contest will appear in next month’s issue of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. Watch for the September issue. Fred H. Tanke (left) of Norwood, Minn., fell ill during the Contest. Het- man Maseman (right) com- pleted the entry for him The black cat insisted on sharing the honors with C. R. Helper, a cabinet- maker of Sturgis, Mich. land hoped nor be Wh OuS ar We for th a peri Now 17,006 The flight ity of betwe

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—————————EE a ~~ be POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY In the Wake of the Great Ocean Liners This is the great three-motor Sikorsky plane in which Captain Rene Fonck, French military ace, will attempt a 4,000-mile non- stop flight from New York to Paris, mainly over liners’ routes o Paris By Air! Five Planes in Perilous Race from New York to Found a Nonstop Trans- Atlantic Route By FirzHucu Green, U NCE more the flying machine is @) going to dwarf the globe on which we live. Not content with the North Pole, enormous altitudes and dizzy speeds, a score of pilots have set their hearts on making the first complete non- stop flight from New York to Paris over the Atlantic Ocean, a distance of nearly 4,000 miles in about thirty-six hours of air travel. This summer’s effort to fly the Atlantic isnot another stunt. Aviation has gradu- ated out of the circus stage. There is no land to discover, such as Arctic fliers hoped for. In fact, there is neither boon nor bonus in the actual flight. What, then, beckons men to so hazard- ous an air journey? We need only to turn to our air mail for the answer. Three years ago plans for a permanent air mail seemed visionary. Now air mail pilots are flying nearly 17,000 miles a day on schedule. The purpose of the New York to Paris fight plans is to demonstrate the feasibil- ity of a permanent commercial service between these two great capitals. It is believed by experts that in three years at the most daily planes will be passing regularly across the blue seas, carrying mail and, later, passengers. Five expeditions have been mentioned among those likely to get away before the end of August. Lieutenant Commander Noel Davis of the United States Naval tve has been negotiating for a huge Fokker plane to carry him and one com- Panion across. ‘Two of the round-the- . 8S. Navy world Army fliers have hoped to augment past honors by this new air triumph. One expedition has been kept a dark secret, owing, it is said, to the unique design of plane to be used. Last, and in some ways most promising, is the flight to be made by Rene Fonck, the renowned French ace, who is said to have had 150 enemy planes to his credit in the last war. The Russian aeronautical designer, Sikorsky, is the builder of Fonck’s plane. His engines will be French; his radio of American design. This summer's flights will be in the neighborhood of 4000 miles over what is Captain Rene Fonck, famous war aviator, who now seeks to establish a trans-Atlantic commercial airway known as the “great circle route.” This will take the fliers north along our Atlantic coast and then eastward over the travel lanes of liners. Since there will be no guard ships this plan is essential to the safety of those in any plane that is forced to land in the ocean. i ipcmcary has been some skepticism about the ultimate value of a trans- Atlantic air route even if it is developed. One question is whether such a develop- ment would help business or not. There are more than 200,000 commer- cial corporations in the United States. Most of them buy goods from Europe. Almost all the big ones sell their securities abroad. This means a vast bulk of cor- respondence and commercial paper pass- ing back and forth across the ocean. Reducing the time of passage from five or six days to less than two days may make a difference of millions of dollars a year. Not many people realize the enormous part played by obscure chemicals in in- dustry today. Some of the most import- ant chemicals used in this country are ob- tainable only from abroad. It is believed that commercial paper and valuable chemicals alone will make a trans-Atlantic air route a paying proposi- tion from the outset. The flying season would be from April to October. Passen- ger service would follow in a few years. Dirigibles may ultimately replace planes, but not until they become faster and less fragile than at present.

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16 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 19, JOISES You Vever Hear There’s Magic in *‘Silent Sounds’’ That Kil] How Hearing Is Measured With the aid of this remarkable scientific instrument, a form of the audiometer, ear specialists can test the exact condition of the patient’s hearing for musical tones of different pitch ing, have you ever felt the pew you are sitting in, and the floor beneath your feet, begin to tremble with a myste- rious sort of rumbling that seems to come from nowhere? Perhaps, a bit startled, you have looked around apprehensively at the walls and ceilings. Then, in a moment, you have realized that the source of the strange rumbling is within the church itself—somewhere among the pipes of the playing organ. What you may not have known, how- ever, is that the vibrations which shake the objects about you are nothing more nor less than sounds. They are really part of the church music; the deepest notes of the organ. Yet, so low are they pitched that while your body can feel them as vibrations, your ears cannot hear them at all. In fact all about you, in the noise and hubbub of modern life, the air is full of sounds that you cannot hear. Just as there are notes so low that your ears cannot catch them, others are so sbrill that you are hopelessly deaf to them. And did you ever stop to think that every- where about you, countless creatures may be conversing in shrill languages that vou never have heard? [ CHURCH, while the organ is play- HESE are just a few of the surprising facts which students of sound, within the last two or three years, have been revealing to us. Until recently, for nearly half a century, scientists did not bother much to experiment with sound. Newer and more striking subjects of dis- covery, such as electricity and radio- activity occupied their attention. Of late, however, many instruments and devices for experimenting with sound have been dug out of dusty storerooms of physical laboratories, where they have lain for many years, and put back into use. That this is so is due to the increasing importance of the science of sound in modern business, in engineering, and in the promotion of human health, comfort and efficiency. The public, for one thing, is beginning to demand less noise. It is demanding noiseless automobiles and sound-proof houses and apartments. Within a month I have been consulted by atleast three business executives who wish, Measuring Noise The author using another form of audiometer to measure noise. At right: Special tele- phone receiver which admits outside noise, together with a standard tone for comparison Fishes, and New Wonders in the Ear-Splitting Din of Cities By E. E, Free if they can, to cut down the amount of disturbing noises in their offices, Then with the congestion of traffic, particularly in our larger cities, the study of sound js rapidly becoming an important phase of engineering. gs sounds are vibrations, ordinarily in the air. If a small boy runs along beside a picket fence and scrapes a stick along the pickets he makes a sound. If he runs fast enough he may even make g musical sound; that is, a sound which has a pitch that any musician cap recognize. This pitch is merely a matter of the number of vibrations a second, Suppose the small boy runs fast enough and that the fence pickets are so close together that his stick hits against just 256 separate pickets in a second. That will send out a sound wave which vibrates just that many times a second. The pitch of this wave will be recognized by a musician as middle C of the piano, Putting it the other way around, middle C of the piano is a tone which vibrates just 256 times each second. Musicians, of course, resort to simpler ways of obtaining the sounds they want. In the piano, for example, the pitch is got by striking a wire string of such a length and tension that it will vibrate with the desired note. In a horn the column of air inside the horn is made to vibrate with the number of vibrations desired, and so on with other musical instruments. ISAGREEABLE noises are produced in just the same way. Recently I have been studying the noise in the sub- ways of New York City. There are two chief ways in which this noise is produced. One is the bumping of the wheels over tiny imperfections in the rails, which sets both the wheels and the rails into vibration. The other is the screeching and grinding of the wheels on the rails, especially at curves, and of the gears on each other. These are really vibrations, too. What happens is that the wheel does not slip smoothly over the rail, but moves in a series of very tiny jumps. For an in- stant thewheelandthe rail cling. Then they pull loose and_ the wheel moves. Then they cling again, then pull loose again, an so on. A dry bearing does the same thing when it squeaks. shovel on a cement floor behaves sim bat ard slit six it. sid ple cal res de; thi th th tis in: in: lo: us

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ee we es ee le ee SS August, 1926 larly. The scraping sets it to vibrating. You can even tune your shovel and make it sing a note as you scrape it along. Mostly, however, what you get isa mixed, disagreeable tone. Possibly some day an enterprising hardware merchant will devise a musical shovel that will sing to you as the ashes go out. HE thing that causes the deafening noises in places like a subway or machine shops where hundreds of pieces of machinery are running, is that our ears are assaulted by thousands or even mil- lions of different vibrations all at once. A single subway wheel might sing with a not unpleasant tone. But the fifty or sixty wheels on a train are singing at the same time, all with different notes. Also, the teeth on the gears inside the gear boxes are singing. The rails are singing. The result is, not musical tones at all, but noise. Noise is simply mixed sounds, a hundred or a thousand separate tones at once. If dirt is matter out of place, noise is music out of order. This can happen even with real musi- cal tones. Years ago, when I played in a band, the leader had a habit of -passing around the number of the next piece on a slip of paper. Once the next number was six. But the leader forgot to underscore it. Some of the bandsmen read it right side up, which was proper. But a few of us read it upside down and got ready to play number nine, which, when the time came, we did. No one who heard the result could doubt how easily music can degenerate into noise. When we begin talking about the effects of noise on modern civilization the first thing we have to know is how much noise , there really is. Last year, when someone asked me how much noise there was on the streets of New York City, I determined to find out. It happened that the scien- tists of the Bell Telephone Laboratories, in New York City, had developed an instrument which, although devised orig- inally to measure the amount of hearing lost by partially deaf people, could be used conveniently to measure noise. He Predicts a Noiseless World Hiram Percy Maxim, famous inventor and radio expert, with silencers he has devised for motors and other machines. He believes they may result in producing a noiseless world POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Niagara’s Roar Rivals Busiest Street Corner Measuring the noise at the brink of the Canadian Horseshoe Falls of Niagara, with the aid of the audiometer. The instrument recorded fifty-five units—equal to the noise of New York’s busiest street corner. This measurement is classified as “mildly deafening’’ ‘aoe = PRESSURE AMPLITUDE (DYNES) 3 g @ 1024 . ¢ Co © MUSICAL NOTATION Sounds We Can Hear This diagram shows the range of sounds, both in pitch and in loudness, which are audible to the average human ear. Tones lying below the bottom curve are too faint to be audible. Those above the top curve are feit as vibrations, but not heard. The shrill tones which are inaudible to our ears lie to the right of the inclosed area 8192 Gc Cc With one of these instruments I made a noise survey of the metropolis. The re- sult was the discovery of valuable new facts concerning many of the common noises heard in virtually every large city. One of the most interest- ing of these is that the amount of noise is ex- tremely variable in different places in a city even if the places are close together. Many people think thet great cities are blanketed continually with a great pall of noise that no one can escape. This is quite un- true. There is, of course, a low general hum which one can hear everywhere, but this is not troublesome even to nervous people. The really . troublesome noise of a city is due almost altogether to the traffic on its streets. This traffic is variable. One street with heavy traffic may be very noisy. A block away, where traffic is less, the noise may be as low as in a country town. This means that anyone disturbed by the noise in his neighborhood probably can find relief very close at hand. In many cases all that is necessary is to move from a front room into a back room. Another curious fact is that the two sides of a street may differ widely in the amount of noise they receive. A plain, blank wall will reflect more street noise against the opposite building than will a building with its front broken up by many windows or ornaments. N MEASURING city noises we use a system of units which are related to the effect of the noises on the ear. The average human hearing is rated at one hundred units. Thus, if a man is half deaf we say that he has lost fifty units of his hearing. These same units are used to measure noise. For example, at the noisiest street corner I found in New York, at Sixth avenue and Thirty-fourth street, the noise was measured as fifty- five units. This means, approximately, that when you stand at that corner the noise deafens you to about the same de- gree as if you had lost fifty-five percent of your normal hearing. In machine shops and factories, or close to a laboring automobile truck, or inside an empty subway car, I have known the noise intensity to rise to ninety-five or a hundred units, which means that a person with normal ears, not accustomed to the noise, will have practically no useful hear- ing left at all. Curiously enough, the quietest place found in all of New York City, or in any city for that matter, was in the subway. It was on the platform of a station when no train was passing or near at hand. Being underground, no noise came down from the streets. The quiet was almost perfect. Then just as we finished the test, a man came in and rustled a news- paper. Instantly the noise level jumped to that of a quiet suburb, so greatly did the rustle reverberate between the smooth walls, the ceiling and the floor. An interesting thing about noise in street cars, automobile busses and railway trains is that the noise is much less when the vehicle is loaded than when it is empty. This is due to (Continued on page 110)

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18 ARGE feet have had much to do with giving Johnny Weissmuller the right to call himself, and to be proclaimed, the world’s premier swimmer. Even as a kid, out at the Larrabee street Y. M. C. A., Chicago, where Johnny first began to attract attention from swim- ming coaches, his feet stood him in good stead, for in them the coaches saw the “paddles” that might enable him to de- velop into the fastest swimmer in the world before he even reached maturity. And Weissmuller has done just that! More than half the world’s records for men’s free style swimming were owned and controlled by the big-footed, long, lean lad from America when the last statistics were made public by the Inter- national Amateur Swimming Federation, in 1925. Since that time Johnny Weiss- muller has added to the list, and has mastered the backstroke, establishing new records in that classification. According to the Amateur Athletic Union of America, in its latest publication of records, which cannot keep up with Johnny’s smashing six-beat, double trudg- eon crawl stroke, he holds thirty-two out of sixty records for all individual swim- ming efforts; and certifications of addi- tional forays into the sixty are now in the hands of the Union, and have been favor- ably acted upon. Among them is the amazing time of fifty-one and one fifth seconds for the 100-yard free style event, which cut his previous world record time by one and one fifth seconds. The new time was made at the Cleveland Athletic Club, January 29, 1926. Perhaps a better idea of Weissmuller’s POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY he August, 1926 Boy whose Big Keet Paddled Him to FAME A Triumph of Muscular Coordination ““Weissmuller,”” says Coach Bachrach, “has the great gift of muscular coordination.” Because of this, and also because he can think when racing— and, also, because his feet feel snug in No. 11 shoes —the lad from Chicago owns today more than half the world’s records for men’s free style swimming swimming achievements can be arrived at by recalling the fact that it wasn’t so very long ago that Charley Daniels of the New York Athletic Club startled the sports world by doing the 220-yard free style event in two minutes, twenty-five and two fifths seconds. Then Norman Ross came along and clipped five seconds off that record, which was considered con- siderable swimming for anything but a fish. It remained for Johnny Weissmuller to do the 220 in ten seconds less than Ross, making the record time of two minutes, ten and two fifths seconds, on January 7, 1926. Although this is not a narrative of Weissmuller’s championship achieve- Swimming with head and feet up develops the arch in the back that cuts resistance in the water, says Weissmuller. Far left: The cham- pion, poised for the gun at the start of a race ments, the telling about those records is rather essential to an understanding of the youthful personality that accom- plished them. Despite the honors and pounds of medals that have been heaped upon Johnny Weissmuller, he is, at twenty-one vears of age, the same unassuming youth who walked into the Larrabee street “Y” with the gang from North avenue on a spring day in 1919. Except for his height, there is nothing about him, as he walks down Michigan avenue, to enable the passer-by to spot him as being any cifferent from the scads of other twenty- one-year-old boys on the boulevard. In his talk he is quiet, dignified, and without conceit, yet fully conscious of his swim- ming ability—and of his limitations. Back in 1919 Johnny was like all the other boys in the North avenue neighbor- hood, which was adjacent to Lake Mich- igan. He had spent much of his time swimming and playing about in the lake —and he was good then. “TT WATCHED the life guards, and all the good swimmers¢” he explained to me, in telling how it all started. “I copied the strokes from all of them, until I guess I didn’t have any style at all. But I must have got something from it, -for I could swim pretty fast for a kid. I had been at it ever since I was eight years old, when I taught myself how.” Some of the gang with which Johnny trailed then are now in active work at the same “Y,” and they explain that Johnny, even with his crazy style, could beat any kid on the beach except one’ ‘‘ Hooks” Hugo Miller, and that it was Johnny’s driving ambition to beat “Hooks” that really started him on his way to swim- ming glory. Though it was mighty hard for Johnny to dig up the twelve dollar fee for the “Y” membership, he did it. Johnny, himself, gives “‘Hooks”’ indirect train And John was Bi tion of tl] thou was

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August, 1926 ¥ ohnay Weissmuller, Greatest of Swimmers, Tells How to Master His Crawl Stroke credit for his success, in that it was “Hooks”’ who later, now no longer a brilliant swimmer, put his friend on the right road to success by introducing him to Coach William Bachrach, swimming trainer for the Illinois Athletic Club. And that was just at the moment when Johnny, broken-hearted and. dispirited, was about to abandon his championship hopes. But, let Johnny tell it. “At first they didn’t pay much atten- tion to me out at the ‘Y.’ I was just one of the kids. I kept going into the pool, though, and trying to beat ‘Hooks.’ He was older than I was, and a better swim- mer. I really wasn’t in his class. The coach out there, a fellow by the name of Crawmer (H. W. Crawmer, now in Des Moines), one day said something about my big feet and long arms, praised my speed, and put me on the same team with ‘Hooks’ for the Amateur Federation meets. . E WON. We won the city cham- pionship for Intermediate swim- mers that year, and the shield trophy that we took back to Larrabee street is the first emblem of my swimming success.” As to just how he became good enough to swim with “Hooks,” Johnny is not clear in his memory. He gives constant practice as the real reason, and attributes nothing to native ability. At any rate, the desire to be a great swimmer was so overpowering, and so much time was nec- essary for practice, that Johnny cut his school work short, and was rejoiced to see the end of his second year at Lane High School, so he could stop school entirely and spend more of each day in the pool. Now, in the light of later years, there is Like the Fins and Tail of a Fish This remarkable photo suggests that Weissmul- ler learned his art from the only real swimmers POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY i % Begin the stroke with head up, arms slightly crooked, shoulder high, reaching ¢ the arm out in front a little to the left of the center of the head. Inhale Then reach down deep as possible, head still up but under the water; exhale; stroke toward the left knee, “‘hugging’’ the water ‘ the dawning of regret in Johnny’s mind for that decapitated schooling, but he is trying hard to make up for it by his appli- cation to books. “Tread a lot,” he explained, “‘and since I have been in competitive swimming I have traveled a lot, seen much, listened much, met many. I am learning all the time. *“ AND,” he added, as if in complete justification for his defection from high school, “I am swimming better all of the time. I don’t have to spend so much time in the water now, because I have got the form down right, but it used to be from ten o'clock in the morning until ten-thirty at night for me—swimming hard most of the time.” “How did you conquer the form?” [ asked. “Oh, Bachrach did that. He’s a peach. He started right in on me when I first came here. I had sort of lost hope then, because trainers at other clubs had not paid much attention to me. The worst of it had been when the coach at the Chicago Athletic Club put me up against a finished swimmer, and I got beat. It wasn’t the beating I minded, for I had been beaten by ‘Hooks’ lots of times. It was the way it was done. Why, I didn’t even know body for inhalation. Finish by bringing up the left arm for left arm stroke, turning the Weissmuller makes three kicks to each arm stroke “Anyone Can Master This Stroke on Dry Land,” Says Wetssmuller how to turn in the pool. I would crawl out of it at every turn, losing five seconds at least. I was a clown, but at that he only beat me by about so far’’—and Weissmuller extended his two big, flat hands with their long, tapering fingers, to indicate a space of about four inches. **Nothing was said to me—no word of advice or correction. I was just let alone, and I tell you that pretty nearly took the heart out of me. I told ‘Hooks’ about it one’ day, and he asked me if I really wanted to be a great swimmer. When I told him I did, but that I didn’t know which way to move next, he said, ‘All right, Johnny, you come with me. I know a fellow who will take an interest in vou.’ And without another word about it he brought me down here to Bach. “ DACHRACH got right after me. He taught me to get in an extra kick,” and he smiled boyishly as he lifted his number eleven shoe to show what an extra kick might mean. “‘He taught me how to pull the water with my hands so that I could get more power from each stroke. He made me throw my right shoulder higher, and helped put an arch in my back that enables me to swim with the least possible body resistance to the water. (Continued on page 106)

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Figg, 4 84833884 Bo: oe. o * POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 192 . Do You Choose Your People with Bulges at the Back of the Head Make the Best Ones, Say Some Students of Character Reading What Phrenology Is Phrenology, the study of character as revealed by the head shape, divides the head into forty-two “‘departments,”’ indicated by the little circles on the head above. Each department is ruled by a different “faculty.” The man at the right is having these “faculties” measured by an intricate electrical apparatus recently invented in Berlin HEN I was a great big he-man of six or seven, my one ambition in life was to be a policeman. QOcca- sionally I wavered in my deci- sion and permitted myself to be tempted by the allurements of the life of a fireman or motorman, but not forlong. Just about the time I was convinced that the police- man’s job suffered by comparison with these others, Jack Hickey’s father, his brass buttons shining and his shoes re- flecting the sun, came striding down the street, swinging his club, and I put temptation behind me. My chosen voca- tion was that of the guardian of the law. But when I grew up to real manhood— that is, when I started on my first job as office boy—I realized how ridiculous were my early aspirations. Policeman, indeed! There was only one worth while position, and that was as an executive. To be sure, my ideas of the duties and responsibilities of an executive’s post were a trifle hazy. In fact, I doubt if I gave them a single thought. But, on my infrequent visits to the private office of the head of the concern, I stood there gazing fascinated at the long row of buttons that it was his privilege to push, and knew that here was what I wanted. An immense flat-top desk, covered with plate glass, a swinging chair capable of being tilted back, and those fascinating buttons. My fingers ached to press them. Yet, though many years have slipped past, I am not much nearer that goal. I am still on the responding end of the buzzers. And I was beginning to despair of ever attaining that objective until I started investigating phrenology. To my great delight I discovered I am an executive, with forty-two buttons at my command. So are you. A bit skeptical, are you? Listen: Instead of the brain’s working as a unit, phrenologists say, it operates as a team, or a business concern with many departments—forty-two, to be exact. Each of these departments has its own province, and when it is finished with its share of the work on hand, it passes it along to another division. And you, the individual, are the executive. You press the buttons—and the departments automatically respond. These forty-two departments —eleven in a row through the center, and thirty-one in pairs on either side—cover the whole range of mental activity. No matter what kind of a thinking job you may have to do, there’s a subdivision to handle it. If Nature has been kind and given you a good mental equipment to start with, and you have been a good manager and have trained your departments well, the action of reaching for the buzzer and the response of the department will be automatic. Although to the touch the skull seems quite hard and per- manently shaped, phrenolo- gists assert that it is capable of growth. If the kind of work you do calls into play one of these departments much more Roald Amund- sen’s forehead bulges at the spot that phrenolo- gists call the seat of locality—in the picture indicated by the high- light in the middle of the forehead. This they trace directly to the explorer’s keen sense of direction than the others, it will, it is said, enlarge and the skull will be forced out at that point. That’s why the claim is made that character can be judged from the shape of the head. If, let us say, you area spirit- ually inclined person, your department of veneration will increase in size through use A glance at the chart on the opposite page will show that the region of vener. ation is located at the top of the head. A phrenologist, skilled in examining skulls will notice this enlargement, and be able, if the science is correct, to inform you of your characteristic even though you may be a complete stranger to him. On the other hand, you may press one buzzer so seldom that cobwebs form on that department’s walls and it shrivels up. Ill take a purely hypothetical case. A college professor, a shy, retiring young man who has spent most of his life among books, attends a social affair given to the faculty and is introduced to a charming young woman. He is tre- mendously impressed by her beauty and personality, with the result that he im- mediately is smitten. According to phrenology, this is the way his brain departments worked: When first apprised of the young lady’s presence, the professor pressed his buzzer and summoned the department head of Individuality. This, as the chart will show, is in the forehead just above the nose, and its sole purpose is to inform the proprietor of the existence of an external object. He then summoned Form, which gave him an idea of the lady’s figure. Then Size, Weight, Color. All of these taken together gave him a very pleasant picture. E REFERRED the whole matter to Comparison, which told him that in all his life he had never seen one s0 fair, so well propor- tioned, of a height to match his own s80 well.- He began to experience some quakings that hereto- fore he had _ never been subject to. Be- wildered, he put ina call for Amativeness, which, you will ob- serve, is in the back of the head just above the collar. Here was a depart- ment head that had been slumbering un- disturbed for years. He responded quickly enough to the sum- mons, and did_ his best. to carry the Augus' By messé argu him | the b answ Th denie buzze partn the | grant lowin sook to cl office the d So w to th . the « ey d M ul desis men ama gave furn tion yeal have ac ance inst upo he r H last nari an teal of 1 Fift sign nice imp ent win It far lea pro the my sur me pre arr Tt

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August, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 21 Friends by Their Bumpsr By Witu1aM J. Wuire, Jr. message to the younglady’s mind. But his argument was weak, and the lady repulsed him with scorn. The professor pressed the buzzer again. Amativeness tried to answer, but collapsed in the effort. The stricken young man was not to be denied. He changed his tactics and buzzed Agreeableness, using that de- partment to such good advantage for the rest of the evening that the lady granted him permission to call the fol- lowing week. Meanwhile the professor for- sook his books and started to clean up Amativeness’ office and get the head of the department in training. So well did he apply himself to the task that a year later . the couple stood up to say “T do.” MENTIONED thai fac- ulty—the phrenologists’ designation for the depart- can be gaged from the shape of the sub- ject’s head. It would not have required an expert to determine my friend’s great weakness (or strength, whichever way you look at it) once having seen the back of his head. They deny, however, that the bumps alone are the bases of their analyses, claiming to be able to analyze a person whose head is as round as the proverbial billiard ball. It’s the shape of the head —measured with an imaginary compass that uses the opening of the ear as a center—that counts in phrenology. ments of the brain—of oy yoy amativeness first, because I Fore gave that the initial test. It > furnished me with the solu- Language tion of a mystery of many years’ standing. Why, I have often wondered, does a certain male acquaint- \gew ance of mine make such an instantaneous impression upon virtually all women “2 he meets? He certainly would not last through the prelimi- naries of a contest to select an American Apollo as a team mate for the winner of the annuaf Atlantic City affair. No Fifth avenue or Bond street tailor de- signs his clothes. And many of the niceties of social conduct regarded as so important in the Book of Etiquette are entirely unknown to him. Yet, despite these shortcomings, he wins in a walk over other men. Naturally I thought of him when I had progressed far enough in my study of phrenology to learn that the sign of the great lover is a pronounced development at the back fof the head just above the collar. I turned my friend around for inspection, and sure enough, the sign was there in extra measure. It’s very easy, then, to follow the processes of phrenologists by which they arrive at the conclusion that character prue THER you believe in phren- ology or not, this article telling how its practitioners read character from the shape of the head is sure to interest you. Though scientists gener- ally do not endorse it, the subject always has fascinated the layman, wee a ——- Can the Skull Grow and Change Shape ? Phrenologists assert it can, under pressure from the “‘departments’’ of the brain. In this belief, they have plotted out the head as shown here. Do you think you could identify your ‘“bumps’’? Sa) The science—as many insist it is—had its origin toward the end of the eighteenth century, and was the result of great acuteness of perception in a German schoolboy named Franz Joseph Gall. At an early age he made the discovery that his schoolmates who showed great ability in the study of languages invariably had prominent eyes. That gave him the idea on which phrenology is based—that there is a special place in the brain for each faculty. Gall took up the study of medicine, and after graduation devoted part of his time to his theory. Later he gave up practicing his profession altogether inso- far as it conflicted with his investigations. From hospital to asylum to prison he journeyed—analyzing, measuring, ques- tioning. The result of many years of this was phrenology, pretty much as it is today. He established the location of twenty-six faculties, while subsequent investigators have brought the number up to forty-two. Prof. Albert Einstein, expounder of the Einstein theory, has a head which, phrenologists say, bears out their con- tentions. It is unusually wide at the out- side of the eyes—the seat of calculation How many times have you had dreams in which there is no se- quence? One moment you are at home, seated at the table eating dinner, then without warning you are suddenly transported to your office, where you are telling the boss that you simply won’t work another day without a large increase in pay. Everybody has such dreams. These phenomena of dreams are held to be one of the strongest arguments in favor of phrenology. In the case of such a dream as given above, the explanation would be that your faculty of alimentive- ness refused to go to sleep, possibly be- cause you went to bed without your nightly snack, and that the faculty of self-esteem was also wide-awake. These two, lacking the assistance of other facul- ties needed to make the dream cohesive, enabled you to cover the distance from home to office in less than airplane time. Or it may happen that three or four faculties having no coérdination will operate at the same time, producing a nightmare. NOTHER argument in favor of the theory is the prevalence of mono- mania. A person may be rational on every subject but one. He may insist, for instance, that there is a plot afoot to poison him. That, phrenologists say, is occasioned by a diseased condition of one of the brain faculties, possibly, in this instance, of alimentiveness. Cases are common in which the removal of a growth on a part of the brain has re- stored the patient to normalcy. In the front section of the brain are located the intellectual faculties. A close examination of this, it is said, will give you an accurate idea of the amount of intelligence possessed by the subject. The chart shown on this page will aid you in locating these centers. Between the eyes, on either side of the nose, is the sector called form. It is supposed to give the possessor the ability

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22 to recollect faces, figures, buildings and the like. Unusual development tends to push the eyes apart, producing the wide- eyed character so favored by fiction writers. Directly above form is size. It is situated on a line with the eyebrows. If you are deficient here you would make a poor marksman or photographer, two activities in which accurate estimate of distance is essential. Extending to the ends of the eyebrows are the faculties of _weight, color, order, and calculation. Weight includes judgment of balance, and it follows that it would not be ad- visable for anyone who is poorly developed in that area to essay a wire walk- ing act in a circus; while a man deficient in color would never do as a railroad en- gineer, since, we are told, he would probably be color blind. Calculation will, it is said, - be found large in mathematicians. IGHT above the bridge of the nose, flanked by form and size, is individual- ity. This is the primary faculty of perception. By means of it, phrenologists say, you are able to recog- nize external objects and form ideas from them. The more it is developed the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY to dry during the infrequent glimpses of the sun. The table of specifications, unfortu- nately, neglected to include the unit of which my friend was in charge, among map recipients. He had to blunder his way about as best he could, with an occasional hasty glance at a friend’s map. Yet I never knew him to get lost. I’ve seen him come upon detachments whose leaders pondered over their maps trying in vain to orient themselves, and with a tactful word or two—for he was a non- commissioned officer—set them straight. Possibly I wanted to be convinced, and August, 192 appearance just forward of the Few of the faculties in the qa section of the brain need any explana, tion. The higher qualities are at the tom of the head and forward of a vertical }j : drawn through the ear. Just above that organ is the faculty of destructiveness Its presence to any great degree gives the head a broad, flat appearance animal-like shape. / Just forward of the ear, is your mental. an appetite, alimentiveness by name. When this is abnormal in size, we are told that it is the sign of the glutton, whereas persons deficient in that faculty are Very picky eaters. Rendering too hasty a judg. ment recently got me into a most embarrassing position. At a social gather. ing, called upon to do a parlor trick, I chose to give an ex. hibition of my skill as a phre. nologist, since I was engaged in my research into the sub- ject and therefore quite full of it. A young man whom I had just met was placed before me as the victim, knew him well, and were in a position to judge of the accuracy of my findings. HE very first thing | noticed as I glimpsed his profile was a pronounced ©U.& U. They Shaped Their Own Heads, Says Phrenology Most of the others present: more observant you are. In- dividuality, however, has no power of classifying. It will tell you, for example, that the object in front of Will Rogers has certainly been a funny man long enough to leave some evidence of it on his cranium, if phrenology is right. The seat of mirthtulness is above the outer edge of eyebrows. Do you find it? Charles Dana Gibson, the noted artist, would bear out phrenolo- gists on at least one point. The wide-apart setting of his eyes, they say, indicates the high de- velopment of his faculty of form protuberance in the region that the phrenologists ascribe toalimentiveness. Naturally I did not like to accuse him you is a house, but color will modify that by explaining it is painted red. Now comes the second row in the group of intellectual faculties. They are eventuality, locality, time and tune. The first named is the seat of the memory of events. Reporters should be well de- veloped here. You should find it un- usually large on persons whose stories run, “It was three years ago last July twelfth—a Thursday, I remember—at about quarter after nine in the morning—” All of these faculties, we are told, are capable of growth, or may become almost atrophied through disuse. That may ex- plain why Captain Miles Standish pressed John Alden into service as an ambassador of love. Captain Standish, a military man, undoubtedly had more than the ordinary allotment of order, because of his military training, but the rough and ready atmosphere of soldiers’ camps and frontier settlements was not ideal for the fostering of the love faculty. OCALITY, as the name implies, is the sense of place. It’s an absolute necessity for explorers and navigators. Seeking to find some evidence to con- firm this location of that rather rare quality, I visited one of my old army buddies who had charge of a roving de- tachment in an infantry regiment. As any veteran of the A. E. F. who saw service near the line will attest, maps were as scarce, almost, as finger bowls at the front. Fortunate owners of these treasures guarded them with jealous care, tenderly scraping accumulations of mud from the surface, planting them out saw something that didn’t actually exist, but I’m sure that his forehead is quite prominent at the place where phrenolo- gists say locality lives. Time needs no explanation. Look for the faculty among your friends who, when they say eight-fifteen, are to be found at the appointed spot at eight- ten. Tune, according to this theory, will be well developed in the foreheads of musicians. EXT are the seats of the mighty faculties, comparison and causality. When large these give the brow a lofty appearance; they are responsible for the high-brow. Comparison is supposed to give the power of making decisions through con- trast. It is the picker of your brain. By means of it executives arrive at con- clusions that make them famous; the same sector of the farmer’s brain tells him what to plant in the north field. Causality is the sector of pure reason. A man who is well developed here is not only capable of plumbing a question to the very bottom, but will render a judgment that is unbiased and free from sentiment. Phrenologists tell us that judges who seem at times rather cold- blooded in their decisions probably depend to a large extent upon causality; whereas the “human” judge who makes allowance for certain failings brings the human nature faculty into play as well. Above tune is mirthfulness, or wit, and its size is said to be a gage of your sense of humor. It gives the head a broad of being a glutton, but as delicately as possible I hinted that he was rather fond of his meals. At that there was a general roar of laughter. It developed that a moment or so before I arrived, quite late, my sub- ject, who had just preceded me, had apologized for his own tardiness by explaining he had been to the doctor in search of a tonic to bolster,up an appetite of negligible proportions! And when the young man turned his full face toward me I saw the reason for my mistake. I had mistaken his faculty of alimentiveness for the beginning of a common ordinary boil! ITATIVENESS, located behind the ear, is said to denote a great love of life. Continuity is your power of concen- tration. Great development of it gives the head an egg-shaped appearance. Learning that, I was reminded of an editor under whom I worked some years ago, whose head had that conformation. It was almost necessary to shake him by the arm to get his attention when- ever he was absorbed in a piece of work. The above brief resume covers in & general way the “science” of phrenology. Equipped with the chart and a fairly accurate eye for gaging distances, you are in a position to test its accuracy. But, if you select a prize fighter as @ subject, don’t make the mistake of as- suming that the bump on the back of his head, caused by a violent contact with the floor of the ring, is the faculty of self-esteem. He may be resentful and prove to you in physical fashion that his destructiveness faculty is above normal.

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August, 1926 To John Stevens We Owe Our Patent Laws and Wonders of Transportation By ARCHIBALD DoucLas TURNBULL Centennial year, marking truly American inventive en- terprise and . progress, that year is 1926. For just a hundred years ago, almost to the exact minute, genius and vision stood re- yealed before a small crowd gathered upon a green New Jersey lawn. In that whispering a body were the idle, whiling away an hour; the really in- terested, debating the out- come; and, of course, the sneeringly skeptical. Yet, among them all, not another one could peer far down into his country’s future as did the keen, gray eyes of the l' EVER we had a - man who stood in the centre, his extraor- dinary mind perfectly aware of what he was about to do. Had others been blessed with such far-sightedness, that crowd would have numbered its thou- sands, roaring themselves hoarse over the most important birth in the American commercial nursery. VERYONE, of course, could see that two concentric circles of narrow wood had been laid down upon the lawn, and everyone could see the platform on wheels that bridged those two circles. Many, too, must have recognized that the con- traption on the platform represented a boiler and a steam engine. Presently, they heard the crackle of a wood fire and saw a puff of smoke; next, their ears caught the sputter of steam in the piping. Then—the odd-looking contrivance began to move. Slow ly at first, but gathering speed as it went, the little monster followed the wooden circles, came back to its starting- POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 23 A Godfather of Inventors An inventive genius who saw far beyond his own times was Colonel John Ste- vens. He caused the Passage of the first American patent laws, built the first American steam train, and produced the screw propeller, the iron-clad ship, end also the first modern projectile The Birth of American Railroads point, and went around again and yet again. The first steam train ever to run upon rails on the American continent was an accomplished fact, and the man who built it was Colonel John Stevens, of Hoboken. HE crowd stared—rubbed its collec- tive eves—and stared again. Could it after all be true, as John Stevens for years had been insisting, that this was the way to get farm produce to city markets, this the way, too, to mobilize troops on the country’s frontiers in emergency, and this the greatest corner- stone of America’s economic success? Some mey still have doubted but some, at least, were convinced. Within the year, the eastern legislatures were be- sieged for railroad charters. Within a few years more, axes were slashing out new rights of way while pick and spade were ringing upon loose stone or buried boulders in an enterprise which has never stopped since. Today, American railroad mileage would belt the world a dozen times. But every inch of shining steel The original twin-screw “propeller designed by John Stevens and used by him on the Hudson river almost a century and a quarter ago when other inventors were experimenting with paddle wheel boats. Note the amazing re- semblance to the pro- peller used on all our modern steamships ribbon, every acre of jammed freight-yard, every lumbering box- car and every thun- dering Limited Mail date back to John Stevens’ puffy little affair, first feeling its way gingerly, then working up to five, six, and seven miles an hour. The fight that he had so long made, single-handed, was won on that never-to-be-forgotten af- ternoon of 1826. “Trains will be making fifty miles an hour some day,” predicted Colonel Stevens, as his puffy little locomotive, the first ever to run in America, circled about on its wooden tracks at Hoboken, N. J., 100 years ago TRANGE that the man who did this thing should have had no more prominent place in American history? It is strange, and there are but two reasons for it. First, there was the singular modesty of his descendants, who sought no public notice of his record. Second, there was his hav- ing inherited a good-sized fortune from his distinguished father, a fact which lifted him out of that class of gaunt and hungry-eyed inventors whose struggles for recognition have always interested the biographer and the historian. Yet John Stevens was an inventor; not only a great one, himself, but, as it were, the godfather of all others in America. As far back as 1789 he petitioned Con- gress for protection for inventors, under the Constitutional provision for encour- aging “Useful Arts and Sciences.” In consequence of that petition, the first United States patent laws were passed. And so there never has been an American inventor since, who did not owe some share of whatever success and fame he won, either in his lifetime or at the hands of posterity, to John Stevens. ATURALLY, he was not wholly unselfish in asking for patent laws. In the last decade of the eighteenth century, he had cast aside his early training for the law, forgotten his busi- ness career as Revolutionary Treasurer of the state of New Jersey, and gone in, heart and soul, for engineering. Largely self-taught, by studying every existing authority and every experiment known at the time, he set his face toward de- vising improvements. On the land he had bought in Hoboken—practically the whole tract that now forms the city—he

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24 built himself a small shack, at some distance from his house upon the hilltop. In that shack he studied his problems, making his own calculations and his own drawings. Very soon he was assisted by two eager sons, Robert, destined to be- come the nation’s leading naval architect, and Edwin, a rare combination of in- ventor and business man. a nana npaten began with boilers, of the multi-tubular type. By saving space and weight, without loss of heating surface, this was a distinct advance over both the simple cylinder and the long, single-coil pipe of James Rumsey, of Virginia, who had experimented with steamboats as early as 1785. For one such boiler, made small for experimental purposes, Stevens used old musket bar- rels, their ends secured in brass head- plates, with fire introduced on one side, water on the other. When this proved reasonably successful, larger ones fol- lowed. Mechanics were scarce in those days, and mostly second-rate in America. Tools were roughly made, chiefly as they were needed. What is called a “machine-fit,” today, means what a micrometer gage says in thousandths of an inch. In 1800, the term meant “within the thickness of a worn shilling.” But such diffi- culties as that could not stop men like John Stevens. Steam engines were just then claiming much attention on both sides of the Atlantic among those who wanted to apply them to navi- gation. Steam-driven oars, side- wheels, and even “‘duck-foot” pad- dles had been tried by different men with varying success, and the seashore was fairly littered with useless mod- els. It was left for Stevens to be half a century ahead of his com- petitors; for it was he who introduced the screw propeller. His single screw came first. With this, built in a form amazingly like the one that is now so familiar, with an adjustable entering-angle, he got some speed but also, of course, bad steering effect. Then it came to him that he could use two screws, turning in opposite directions and supported on struts out- side the hull of his boat, instead of through stern-tubes like those built long afterward. By 1804 he completed and began running what was not only the first steamboat of importance on the Hudson river, but also the first twin- screw steamer known in the world. OME of his clever sons—he had half a dozen, though no others as brilliant as the two already named—acted as crew. Men, women, and children collected daily at New York’s Battery, to watch her dash across to Hoboken and_ back. Dash is the right word, considering her date, because her engine drove her eight miles an hour, as was proved, forty years laier, by an official committee of engineers. Whereas the boats that followed her a few years later, upon the Hudson, such, for example, as Robert POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Fulton’s Clermont, claimed no more than five or six miles. If anything like high-pressure steam had been known, in those early days, the propeller would doubtless have eclipsed every other design at once. But the four or five pounds a square inch, gen- erally accepted as safe then, could not handle the propeller efficiently. Even some years later, when Colonel Stevens sent his son, John, Jr., to England, to consult James Watt, inventor of the modern condensing steam engine, and propose another type of boiler for the They Made Maritime History Above, John Stevens’ marine engine of 1804, now on exhibition at the Smithsonian Institution, Wash- ington, D. C. The lower picture is a reproduction of an old painting showing Stevens’ Phoenix, the first steamship that ever sailed the ocean purpose, that elderly gentleman declared positively that high-pressure steam would always be a failure. It was left for Robert Stevens, later still, to be the man of all others who successfully demon- strated that Watt had set the safe limits of piston speeds much too low and to HEN you have finished Mr. Turnbull’s absorbing ac- count of the godfather of American invention, you will be eager to read his story, beginning next month, of the amaz:ng man who was the father of American science and the world’s first ‘‘popular scient‘st.”” Mr. Turnbull has presented a vivid pic- ture of this many sided man in a four- part biography that supplies at once fascinating entertainment, useful in- formation and an inspiring lesson. THE EDITOR August, 19% prove that the early ideas of s f ships were all wrong. Pending that time the propeller starved for lack of steg y and John Stevens went back, ‘for Ki larger boat, the Phenix, to side-wheels such as Nicholas Roosevelt had been trying. HEN the Phenix was completed in 1808, Stevens found himself blocked by the grant of a Hudson river monopoly to Chancellor Livingston and his partner, Fulton. “Then I'll send her around to the Delaware,” said Stevens “But that flimsy kettle will never be safe on anything but rivers or bays,” his friends protested. “No man would dare venture down the coast with her.” “Yes, one man would —my son, Robert.” Just twenty-one at the time, Robert was quite ready to tackle the job some older heads thought foolhardy, As for that, his father had had him educated for just such work, and he was well equipped to clear New York harbor in the Phenix with, oddly enough, a schoon- er sent along as stand-by and escort. When heavy winds came up, the schooner was forced out of her course and had to beat her stiff way back again. Her crew, when she finally drew into the river, had given up hope of seeing the Phenix, but—there she lay, com- fortably anchored, safe and sound. As his father had confidently pre- dicted, Robert Stevens had poked her nose into history as the very first ocean-going steamer on record, S THE black cloud of 1812 be- gan forming over our small nation, John Stevens suggested to the government that our war vessels should be equipped with engines. “Since,” said he, “it appears in- evitable that our ships will have to fight an enemy fleet, let us give them the incalculable advantage of choos- ing their own time to fight!” He was striking, of course, the keynote of naval strategy and tactics since time began. Unfortunately, he found those in authority stone deaf. It was some years before his suggestion came into favor for punitive’ expeditions against the pirates of the West Indian seas. Failing in this effort, he moved—since he could never stand still—to another one. Always with Robert as chief assistant, he made tests of cannon balls, fired into heavy oak targets and also against such targets after covering them with iron plates. Out of those experiments came two inventions of enormous importance. First, Robert developed the elongated shell, filled with explosive, more accurate and far more deadly in effect than the old round shot. ‘This projectile was adopted by our government to become nothing less than the lineal ancestor of today’s deafening fifteen-inch battleship salvoes. Next, the tar- (Continued on page 106) Augus'

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 25 ueer Pranks (WEMORY Plays The man who hates his job but cannot change things, and secretly dreams of what he would like to be, is a typical possible amnesia victim. escape from the drab realities of life RE you a dreamer? Do you find yourself staring continually far beyond the hard facts and responsibilities of the everyday grind—the bills; the family difficulties, a desk piled high with work, the maddening sameness of a drab existence? And does your tired mind seek relief by shutting out the details of the actual world about you and by conjuring up visions of a life so different that there seems no hope of bringing it about? Do you dream, per- haps, of the free life of the sea, or the lure of foreign lands? If so—if you grow to hate what you are doing and become a painter of fantasies, in your heart shirking the responsibilities which outwardly you shoulder—then some day, before you are aware of it, there is a chance that your weary nervous system may choose an astonishing way of taking a rest. In an instant you may lose your identity. Your humdrum life, your family, your friends, your memories of the past—all may be blotted suddenly out of your mind as completely as if they never had been. And you may wander away, counted as dead by the world you have known, to take your place as a new person in new surroundings. Months or even years later you may “come to.”” In a flash all the memories of the first life may return, and you may awake again to your old personality. Such is amnesia, one of the strangest and- most baffling, yet one of the most interesting of all mental pranks known to man. It is defined simply as “loss of memory.” Yet so mysteriously does it come, and so odd are its effects in many cases, that physicians have been at a loss to trace its causes or to prescribe definite remedies. They have found, however, wthat very often its vic- tims are dreamers. The more practical person, they say, seldom falls victim to the mental dis- turbance which every year causes hundreds of men and women to drop suddenly from sight as if the earth had swallowed them. The most common form of the ailment is known as hysterical or “dreamer’s”’ amnesia, as distinguished from the serious form of epileptic amnesia, an organic disorder which sometimes results in criminal acts or suicide. Young students quite often fall vic- tims to hysterical amnesia, usually as the result of overstudy. One of the most recent cases, and one which at- tracted nationwide attention, was that of the 21-year-old son of a prominent government official, The young man, a freshman at Harvard University, ap- parently was entirely normal and in perfect health when he suddenly van- ished from the campus at Cambridge. After nearly a week, in which the country was searched for him, he was found uncon- scious on the steps of a church at Roches- ter, N. Y. When taken to a hospital he was unable to recall his name or tell how he came to be in Rochester. Cards in his pocket established his identity, and his father and mother were summoned. As soon as he saw them his memory returned as suddenly and mysteriously as it had vanished. Yet all he was able to recall of his five days of wandering were two lights on the rear of an automobile! Subsequent tests showed that, aside from his tem- porary mental lapse, he was perfectly normal. It is his Foose equally baffling was the dis- appearance last winter of a young woman, twenty years old, a student of medicine in St. Louis. Starting for her classes one morning, she dropped com- pletely from sight for forty-five days. The girl was found wandering in a dazed con- dition at the Union Station in Chicago. At the hospital where she was taken all efforts to learn her identity were in vain. There, hysterical from overstudy, she Amnesta— What It Does, How You Can Prevent It—Strange Instances of Lost Identity on Some Folks W hat Causes It, By Epwin Ketcuum cried almost continuously for days, until she became known in the hospital as “‘ the weeping co-ed.” Since she spoke several languages, it was assumed she was a student. At last, despairing of ever learning who she really was, the young woman insisted upon going to work and was assigned to duty in the hospital. Then, at her request, she was permitted to make a personal appeal over the radio. St. Louis news- papers reported the event and published her picture, which was recognized by members of her family. Wher her rela- tives arrived at the hospital, the girl instantly recognized a coat worn by her aunt. Within a few moments her memory was restored completely. HE unusual experience of this girl, physicians say, is a striking illustra- tion of how the links of memory may snap when the tired mind seeks forgetfulness. Worn by overwork, she took every cent she had and went as far away from her . unpleasant surroundings as her money would carry her. A son of one of Europe’s leading financiers regained his memory in the Bowery last March, after he had been missing for months. Soiled and bedrag- gled, the youth strolled out of a cheap lodging house one cold Saturday after- noon looking for a job. Turning into the Salvation Army Mission near by to get warm, he (Continued on page 111) A bank cashier suddenly left his desk and rified the safe, nonchalantly stuffing his pockets while other employees stared amazed. pranks often Such brain result from over-tired nerves

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ene eet steer 26 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 1975 Will Mosquito Cars Rule stretch of road, with. clear sailing ee J for the fun of it—on a level ahead—have you ever “stepped on ’er.”? and felt the thrill of speed? Have you watched numbers on the speed- ometer climb as the old bus leaps ahead under your touch and the roadside trees begin to swirl past in flying retreat? Thirty-five, forty, forty-five, forty-nine, fifty, fifty-one— The wheel in your hands becomes as sensitive as a trigger. Perhaps, if you have been accustomed to drive strictly within the speed limits, there creeps upon you a feeling of uncertainty that is almost sickening. What if a tire should blow, an axle snap? With a nervous chill vou lift your foot from the accelerator, and as the car settles back to a comfortable pace, you find yourself saying: “Gee, that was great—but thank the Lord it’s over!” You know how it is. Fifty-odd miles an hour, you'll agree, is plenty of speed for the nerves of most of us. But can you imagine driving three times as fast as that? Can you imagine aiming a motor car at some object ahead and shooting the car—and yourself—across a mile ” stretch in less than half a minute? Of course you can’t. Only a few men, so the records tell us, have done it; and these have been iron-nerved champions of one of the most hair-raising sports in the world. Among them are Tommy Milton of American speedway fame who, some six years ago, shot his powerful Duesenberg over a mile of Daytona Beach sand in a shade more than twenty-three seconds, and J. C. Parry Thomas, who a few months ago claimed a record of 170.62 miles an hour after a speed test of a mile in Wales. Another of the royal line of speed kings is Major H. O. D. Segrave of the British Army. A few months ago Major Segrave aston- ished the motor world when his miniature streamlined Sunbeam racer of flivver size set a record for the flying kilometer, leaping over a measured course along the beach at Southport, England, at the rate of 152.3 miles an hour. With a flying start and a light wind at its back, the little Sunbeam tore across the firm sand, the roar of its twelve evlinders vying with the thunder of the surf. In a fraction more than fourteen seconds it had covered the kilometer dis- tance (five-eighths of a mile) at the rate of a mile in about 23 4% seconds. If you could have witnessed this British pilot's performance, you might have Fleet Little Racers Astonish the World As They Vie with Monsters of Power —Aim at Speed of 200 Miles an Hour gained a vivid idea of the skill and daring required to drive a car at such terrific speed. For on his return trip over the course, while Major Segrave was attempt- ing a longer distance record, the little racer lunged into one of the most amazing antics ever seen on a track. Suddenly striking an unseen depression in the sand, the car jumped high into the air. With 100 --=4 600 \ > ‘| TT = ie 550 8 ee ee 2 20 A — — 400 § 3. —_——!350 5 i 8 3s Tree 2508 80 , —|200 § _| + J & | RT ite 7S | - = i" 100 SSSSSssss Fg gs In 1911, a halt was called to the growing size of engines in the Indianapolis annual race. Since that time, while the limit on piston displacement has been set lower and lower, the average winning speed for the 500-mile classic, contrary to expectations, has steadily increased, as shown in the chart above wheels spinning, it leaped for a distance of almost twenty yards before it came to earth again! Although the driver sat tight at the wheel and held his bucking charger under control, that one bump cost him his chance to hang up the longer record. For the racing of the engine as the wheels spun in the air put the super. charging mechanism out of commission and checked his speed. The really significant feature of the Sunbeam’s performance, however, is the fact that such speed was attained by a little machine with engine horsepower no greater than that of many of the lower priced pleasure cars which folks drive about the streets. Where the racing cars of Milton and Thomas were propelled by engines of enormous size and power, the Sunbeam’s light engine developed only thirty-three horsepower. That _ the British racer was able to travel more than two and one half miles a minute was due to the remarkable efficiency of every one of its running parts. Here was another case of the little fellow’s skill matching the big fellow’s brawn. What the Sun- beam gave away in horsepower it made up in lighter weight, in the scientific con- Courtesy ** Automotive Industries” The Fastest Thing on Land—170 Miles an Hour —But the car in which J. C. Parry Thomas recently set a new record on the Welsh coast—Babs, shown above—has a 400-horsepower Liberty airplane engine, as compared with the 33-horsepower motor and 152-mile record of the flyweight Sunbeam, a picture of which appears on the next page amazi goal 0 factur than 1 the ba of his a resu the co for col sent 0 hang | i p that 1 to pu model install engine roarin At] size 0 enteri sic a |: And + this li of the the n set at at In In 19 450 ¢ 76.92 years disple then ducti world

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August, 1926 By Evear C. WHEELER struction and adjustment of its machinery and in the studied design of its perfectly balanced streamlined body. ; In this the Sunbeam is typical of a new tendency in the design of speed cars—a development which, in recent years, has taken automobile rac- ing out of the realm of commercial display and has made it into a highly specialized scientific sport. It has become a sport of the keen- est rivalry in which the deciding factors are ingenuity, pluck, me- chanical skill and—luck. Time was, in the earlier days of racing, when nearly every automobile was a potential racing car, and when sixty miles an hour was considered amazing. More speed was the goal of the automobile manu- facturer, for speed, rather than riding comfort, then was the basis on which the success of his product was judged. As aresult, the speedway became the commercial display ground for competing car makers, who sent out their “stock cars” to hang up new records. HE outcome of such com- petition, naturally, was that the manufacturers began to put an extra “kick” into the “stock models” that were used on the tracks, installing larger and more _ powerful engines, until the racing car became a roaring monster. At last a halt was called to the growing size of engines and cars. For machines entering the Indianapolis speedway clas- sica limit was set on piston displacement. And to the surprise of almost everyone this limit, instead of reducing the speed of the racers, increased it! In 1911, when the maximum piston displacement was set at 600 cubic inches, the winning speed at Indianapolis was 74.59 miles an hour. In 1913, when the limit was reduced to 450 cubic inches, the speed jumped to 76.92 miles an hour. In the following years came successive reductions in the displacement limit, to 300 cubic inches, then to 183, then to 122. And each re- duction in size brought a new 500-mile world’s record, the last of which was set Courtesy ‘ Auto- motive Industries” the Speedway? POPULAR SCIENCE MONTIILY by Peter DePaolo last year with an average speed of 101.13 miles an hour. This year the displacement was cut once more to 91% cubic inches. Whether the latest of the small cars will surpass their predecessors remains to be de- termined, for this year’s race at Indianapolis was marred by a downpour of rain and a slippery track. Yet despite the perilous going Frank Lockhart, a young daredevil from Los Angeles, thrilled 150,000 spectators by driving his little white racer 400 miles at an average of more than 94 miles an hour. At one point he was running above 100-mile speed. Lockhart’s car is typical of the new idea in racers. It is driven by a compact eight-cylinder engine with a piston dis- placement .of only 90.2 cubic inches. Instead of using as many as four valves for a cylinder as was common practice in racers of only two or three years ago, this Every Line Designed for Greater Speed The new trend in racing car design—low center of gravity and close attention to streamlining—is shown in this car, the Eldridge Special, entered at the Indianapolis sweepstakes. The engine and differential are out of center, sinking the driver’s seat to a new depth, thus lowering the center of gravity 27 The Baby Car That Rivals the Giants Here is the 33-h.p. car, the Sunbeam, which tore over an English beach early in the year at 152 miles an hour. Major Segrave, who drove it, is the man in white (left). He will probably drive the new 1,000-h.p. Hush-Hush II in its first race sometime this fall car follows the latest idea of using only two valves to a cylinder, while a supercharger forces more gas into the cyl- inders than was possible be- fore. That not all racing men are “sold” on the idea of the small car for speed, however, is evi- denced by the very latest car nearing completion in England for the express purpose of beating Parry Thomas’ 170- mile-an-hour record. It will be the largest car the world has ever seen, with two engines of 500 horse- power each, making a total of 1000 horse- power! Oddly enough, this monster, named “Hush-Hush II,” is of the same make and will have the-same pilot as the midget Sunbeam which showed such a burst of speed at Southport. When the new record is attempted, probably in September, Major Segrave hopes to reach a speed of more than 200 miles an hour! Often the outcome of a race hangs by a thread. In the recent Indianapolis race, for example, the very hazards of the rain- washed track called for every ounce of the drivers’ resourcefulness. The failure of a single part in one of the smooth-running power plants was enough to force it out of the contest. Such a failure, at the end of fifteen miles, blasted the hopes of Alfred Guyot, the noted French driver. A bro- ken connecting rod ended the running of a superflivver, of which big things had been expected. Just one small act of fate—a dash of rain on the goggles of one of the drivers—caused a machine to crash into a wall at one of the turns. SLIGHT delay at Culver City, Colo., last November was all that prevented Earl Cooper from hanging the 250-mile world’s record to his belt, after he al- ready had smashed the records for 75, 100, 150 and 200 miles. Speeding at 130 miles an hour, he was leading the field until he ran out of gas, just when the biggest prize was within his grasp. He finished fifth, while the 250-mile record was captured by Frank Elliott at an average of 127.87 miles an hour.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Try These Tests And Get the Measure of Your Abilities A Test of Your Memory ET someone read each of the fol- lowing groups of numbers to you at the rate of one number a second. After each group is read, repeat the a N - numbers in the reverse order. Suppose, for example, the numbers 1, 2, 3 are read. Your answer would be 3, 2, 1. ~~ repeat correctly, then turn to page 119 See how many of the groups you can for your rating. F ai ee | Are You a Good Judge of Distances? HAY you ever tried to guess at a length of the horizontal line equals that NOPOWOANHK HWAWANLH NFR ABNHOWNODRODAN ON B) 1 Ss 2 - oF ® 8 5 » 2 © ; @& §$ @& Ss “3 6 7 9 4 8 5.1 > 2« 86 3S 7 6 259 83 & > 4 @ @ ££ & certain measurement? It’s sur- prising how your eyes can deceive you. Here is a fascinating test of your accu- racy in judging distances. First cut out the two lower figures, then cut a slit along the dotted line in the left-hand figure and insert the right-hand figure so that the black horizontal line will be continuous. Now slide the pieces back and forth until, in your judgment, the of the top figure. Then measure to see how nearly you were right. This test, with the others on this page, was prepared by Dr. A. M. Johanson of the Department of Psy- chology, Columbia University. They are one of a fascinating series appearing from month to month in Poputar Science Monrtnty at the request of many of our readers. Do You Keep Well Informed? How Clearly Do You Think? ACH of the following sentences holdsa statement of some widely known fact. Underscore in each sen- tence the one of the four concluding words that makes the truest statement, allowing yourself seven minutes to complete the test. When you have finished, turn to page 119 for the correct answers and your rating. 1. Combustible things will rip fight burn break. 2. A baby always has eyes laugh rattle teeth. 3. Maroon is a kind of fabric food drink color. 4. Rubber is obtained from ore sand trees hides. 5. Acitizen has city privileges male vote. 6. Indigo is a food drink color fabric. 7. A dungeon always has prisoner chains crime gloom. 8. Independence Hall is in Washington Boston Richmond Philadelphia. 9. Emerald is red blue green purple. 10. A candle always has a stick smoke wick flame. 11. The American commander in France was Wood Baker Pershing Sims. 12. Ivory is obtained from oysters mines elephants reefs. 13. Alfalfa is a kind of hay corn drink rice. 14. The King is used in croquet tennis golf checkers. 15. Satin comes from a kind of beetle plant sheep worm. 16. Electric bulbs were invented by Marconi Edison Morse Volta. 17. Influenza is a disease of the heart kidneys nerves lungs. 18. Diamonds are obtained from reefs mines crocodiles meteors. 19. It is usually coldest at sunrise sunset noon midnight. 20. The heaviest metal is iron lead gold aluminum. 21. Vermouth is the name of a cloth dance drink food. 22. Ty Cobb isa golfer aviator prizefighter baseball player. 23. Yogais akind of germ plant savage religion. 24. The tractor is used in gardening fishing farming racing. 25. The differential is a part of an automobile watch wagon pistol. 26. “Kenilworth” was written by Wells Scott Service Kipling. 27. The holstein is a kind of fish fowl cattle horse. 28. Rivets are usually put in shoes hats harness houses. 29. The League of Nations was written in Washington Paris London The Hague. 30. Cheviot is the name of a cloth dance drink food. 31. The most expensive metal is gold silver platinum radium. 32. Turpentine is obtained from rocks rivers mines trees. 33. The esophagus is in the head neck abdomen stomach. 34. An arrow always has a bow hunter quiver shaft. 35. A six-sided figure is a scolium pentagon hexagon trapezium. O FIND out how logically your mind works— that is, how readily you reach the correct con- clusion from certain given premises—underline the correct word in each of the following conclu- sions, allowing yourself ten minutes to complete the entire test. See page 119 for your rating. Example: If A is richer than B, and B is richer than C, then B is richer, poorer than A. C is richer, poorer than A. 1. If Mary swims faster than John, and John swims faster than Sue, and Kate swims slower than Sue, and Ned swims slower than Kate, then Mary swims slower, faster, as fast as, than Kate. Sue swims slower, faster, as fast as, than Mary. Ned swims slower, faster, as fast as, than Mary. Sue swims slower, faster, as fast as, than Ned. 2. If brass is weaker than copper, and steel is’ stronger than copper, and brass is stronger than lead, and copper is as strong as bronze, then Steel is as strong as, weaker, stronger than lead. Bronze is as strong as, weaker, stronger than steel. Copper is as strong as, weaker, stronger than lead. Brass is as strong as, weaker, stronger than lead. 3. If George is older than Henry, and Tom is older than Fred, and Henry is as old as William, and Tom is younger than Wil- liam, and Arthur is younger than Fred, then Fred is as young as, older, younger, than William. George is as young as, older, younger, than Tom. Arthur is as young as, older, younger, than William. Henry is as young as, older, younger than Arthur. 4. If an orange is sweeter than a grapefruit, a pineapple is sweeter than an apple, a tangerine is as sweet as an orange, a grapefruit is sweeter than a pear, a tangerine is less sweet than an apple, then Pineapple is as sweet as, sweeter, less sweet than tangerine. Apple is as sweet as, sweeter, less sweet than grape fruit. Pear is as sweet as, sweeter, less sweet than tangerine. Orange is as sweet as, sweeter, less sweet than pine apple. Apple is as sweet as, sweeter, less sweet than pear

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[Jont Pity the Fat. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY in Hot Weather He Suffers Less Than Other Folks—Strange New Facts about Heat and Your W ork By Norman C. McLoup T’S a sweltering day in midsummer. The baking sun beats down on sizzling roofs and pavements. Lifeless, muggy air seems to close in upon you like an oppressive wall as you try to go through the day’s work. Somehow your job has lost its thrill. Tasks that ordinarily command your in- terest and challenge your wits have be- come plain drudgery. Your hands lag; your shoulders droop listlessly. You wipe the perspiration and dig away. “It’s not the heat,” you say; “it’s the humidity. I could stand the heat if it wasn’t for this muggy air. It takes all the life out of a man.” Always, when the dog days of summer come, you hear people express their dis- comfort in much these same words, hold- ing “the humidity” to blame for wilted collars, frayed nerves, mean dispositions, and other hot weather woes. This summer, however, we'll have to Tevise many of our notions about what makes us wilt. For scientists, by remark- able laboratory experiments, are discover- ing important new facts concerning the relation of intense heat and humidity to our bodily comfort and our working effi- Clency. Now, they tell us, we must change the time-worn phrase: “It’s not only the heat; it’s the humidity,”’ to read: “Tt’s not only the humidity. It’s our Pulses,” This amazing “climate factory” at Johns Hopkins Uni- versity manufactures any degree of temperature and humidity by passing air through heating and cooling coils, fans and water sprays. It can change the ‘‘ weather” in a few minutes from shivering January to sizzling July If you can’t work in summer as you do at other sea- sons, don’t blame yourself too much. Prolonged bodily and mental effort is humanly impossible in extreme heat. This and other interesting facts have been proved by these truly remarkable tests In the past, the commonly accepted explanation of discomfort on hot, muggy days has been that humid air—that is, air saturated with moisture—raises the tem- perature of our bodies by preventing the cooling evaporation of moisture from the skin. The latest experiments, however, seem to show that the extent of our dis- comfort depends not so much on the rise in body temperature as on the increased speed with which our hearts beat. They have led to other discoveries, too, con- cerning the influence of hot weather on the endurance of our muscles, nerves and senses—discoveries which promise future benefits in promoting the efficiency of workers and determining the effect of weather on bodily resistance to disease. This new knowledge is being brought to us largely through the perfection of remarkable mechanical apparatus with which it is now possible to manufacture all kinds of climate to order in the scien- tist’s laboratory; in other words, to re- produce artificially the varying changes 29 ra Dr. H. W. Howell, who makes climates to order. His strange experiments are leading to new discoveries concerning the influence of weather on our capacity for work. Left: The test that shows the varying effects on eyesight of different climatic conditions of atmosphere and tempera- ture which nature hands out to us day after day, in summer, autumn, winter, and spring. Such “climate factories” recently have been established at Johns Hopkins University in Bal- timore under the direction of Dr. H. W. Howell; pro- fessor of physiology, and by the U. S. Bureau of Mines. When I visited Doctor Howell in his laboratory the other day, I could almost imagine myself in some en- chanted room of a magician. For, merely by touching a number of buttons, this un- usual scientist changes the seasons at will, Within a few minutes he turns freezing winter into boiling summer, or a bright June day into the cold damp of late autumn. And in the sealed chamber where these transformations take place he has set up strange mechanical devices with which he measures the effects of his homemade climates on the bodies and minds of his subjects. With these devices he is studying the relation of climate to mental and muscular fatigue, to our skill in workmanship, to the alertness of our senses, and to our health. | THE morning Dr. Howell figures out a schedule of weather he desires for the day. It may suggest this outline: 9 a.m. to 12 noon: Temperature, 95 degrees in the shade; relative humidity, 100 percent. Net result: an atmosphere as oppressive and nerve racking as the worst day in August. 1to3p.m.: Temperature, 33.7 degrees; rela- tive humidity, 25 percent. Net result: an atmosphere clear and bracing, like a fine day in January. 3 to 5 p.m.: Temperature, 85 degrees; rela- tive humidity, 28 percent. Net result: an

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seer panes 30 atmosphere of June, when it is good to be alive, and easy to work or play. “That ought to be enough variety for today.” he may say, handing the list to an assistant. “Now you can start the plant. We are ready for midsummer.” The assistant manipulates certain but- tons and levers, and immediately the wheels of the factory begin to turn out climate to order. The plant itself con- sists of an arrangement of heating and cooling coils, fans, and water sprays into which air from outdoors is drawn through a system of ducts and channels. It can be controlled to heat the air to any desired tem- POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY marked decrease in energy. Such slight effort as that involved in holding the arm extended from the body adds further evidence. At a temperature of 95 de- grees ‘and relative humidity of 100 per- cent, the subject’s ability to maintain this position is lowered virtually one half, as compared with his ability in com- fortable atmosphere, such as 70 degrees with 50 percent relative humidity. Another testing apparatus reveals the influence of the weather on the steadiness of a man’s muscles and the response of his nerves, recording variations in muscular August, 192, discomfort and fatigue bear a definite. lation to the rate of pulse beat, It he been found, for example, that when the pulse rate is increased by high tempera ture and humidity from the normal of 79 to 135 beats to the minute, real bod distress results, while at the rate of mf beats the condition becomes unbearab| Some time ago a group of young po offered themselves as subjects for tests i the “climate factory” of the Bureay of Mines. As they entered the inclosed chamber where varying extremes of weather are reproduced, they laughed ' and joked among them. selves. perature, and: at the same time supply the re- quired percentage of rel- ative humidity, ranging from the point of satura- tion to the low ratio found in atmosphere that is clear and bracing. HE first item on the day's bill might call for the reeking heat of 95 in the shade, with 100 percent humidity. To produce this condi- tion, the air from out- doors is put through a process of piling up ad- ditional moisture. Start- ing at a_ temperature, say, of 53 degrees and relative humidity of 43 percent, it encounters a water spray of high temperature. The in- creased temperature im- mediately raises the ca- pacity of the air for ab- But once they wer inside and the thermom. eter shot up to 95, then 100 degrees, the experi- ence became anything but a lark. After’ two or three minutes at 95 and 96 in the shade, every one of the men became restless and _ irritable. Their hearts began to hammer at their ribs, and they complained of throbbing headaches and intense thirst. Their eyes became inflamed, and they experienced a feeling, they said, as if weights had been placed on their chests. At last it became an effort even for them to speak, LL the time their in- creasing discomfort was attended by rapidly increasing pulse rate. At sorbing moisture, while the spray supplies the moisture. Saturated with all the moisture it can hold at a temperature of 95 degrees, the humid air is carried through channels to the test chamber—a room made air-tight except for a carefully controlled ventilating apparatus which regu- lates the purity of the air with- out changing its character. ERE, in the oppressive, mug- gy heat, the operator now tests a human subject with a simple apparatus for measuring muscular energy and fatigue. The subject is seated at a table, his right arm placed in a fixed groove that limits the muscular move- ment of his arm to backward and forward motion. To an attachment on his forefinger is fastened a wire support- ing a heavy weight swung from a pulley at the end of the table. As the subject pulls the weight, the movement of his arm is registered by an automatic pencil on a chart affixed to a revolving drum. Every pull is recorded by a line, the length of which tells the vigor of the pull. Thus, as the muscles grow tired, the lines become shorter until, when the subject can no longer lift the weight, they vanish. On the chart the scientist reads a graphic story of increasing fatigue that follows continued muscular exertion. The tests demonstrate, for example, that high temperature and humidity cause a prove. treme cold, subjects control in work involving fineness of touch. In still other tests, mental effi- ciency is measured by giving the subject complicated tasks, such as problems in mathematics. The results thus far prom- ise useful knowledge of the influence of climate on the efficiency of brain workers. The relation of continued exertion to eye- sight also is studied by means of an in- strument called a “phorometer,” which records ability to sustain clearness of vision while working under trying condi- tions of heat and humidity. Dr. Howell’s experiments also have much in common with tests by the Bureau of Mines, demonstrating that hot weather Testing the Weather’s Effect Such slight effort as holding out the arm is twice as hard on a hot day ¢s on a cool day, these experiments In oppressive heat or ex- go through tests as shown here to measure the effect on the muscles and nerves a temperature of 95 de- grees, with full humid. ity, their pulses jumped from the normal to anywhere from 104 to 158. The slightest effort made them pant for breath. At 100 de. grees their pulse rate reached 178 to 180—bevond the limit of endur- ance. For an hour after leaving the chamber they were weak and life- less, suffering acutely from the “dragged out” feeling that most of us have experienced on_ hottest summer days. HESE tests also shattered a number of popular _ beliefs about hot weather. For one thing, the common belief that there is danger of éramps from drinking ice water while you are exposed to high temperatures was found to be groundless. Two of the subjects con- sumed @ quart of ice water within a period of fifteen minutes without suffering ill effects. It was revealed further that the world has wasted a lot of sympathy on fat people, who always are supposed to be the greatest sufferers in hot weather. It was found that stout subjects could stand the heat much longer than thin ones. The stout men grumbled less, too, and com plained less of exhaustion. While they lost more weight than their thin com- rades, they had more to lose. And what they lost was regained quickly. Altogether, the results gained from these experiments have shown scientists many possibilities for useful application ' Le

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g the life. the yst of ttest ed a eliefs hing, re is ig ice ) high o be con- yeriod ng ill it the yn fat to be r. It stand The POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY He Caught the World by the Ear How Emile Berliner, a Clerk, Made World’s _ggi First Microphone from a Child’s Drum Earliest Disk Record Acomparison of the first crude talk- ing machines gave Berliner the idea of the modern disk record. The result was the gramophone above, a device first demonstrated in 1888 O ONE man in the N world is responsible for our hearing more words to: the minute every day ofourlives than Emile Berliner. He gave us the mouthpiece to the telephone, which has also become the most important mouthpiece on earth — the microphone, used universally From a Little Toy Drum A radio microphone is merely a telephone transmitter enlarged for broadcasting purposes. Made out of a toy drum, Berliner’s original telephone mouthpiece, above, looks for all the world like the “little black box” used by broadcasters now everything, from selling glue to painting backgrounds on en- larged photographs. In his spare time, however, he used to poke about the only electrical shop in Washington, kept by George C. Maynard, who later became chief of the scientific department of the National Museum. Maynard’s store in those early days, filled with a few telegraph keys and sound- in radio broadcasting. Ber- liner also originated the mod- em disk talking machine and the idea of duplicating its records, Literally, he has the world by the ear. We are a talked-to as well as a talked-about country today because of Berliner’s achievements. _. In addition, he helped to chase the germs out of milk bottles and invented the machine which up to the present time permits the most successful attempts at vertical flight. His helicopter, developed during the last four years by his son, Henry A. Berliner, is a mechanical con- trivance which can fly vertically from the ground and then, by flipping its tail, change into horizontal motion. And he has just completed the invention of an acoustic tile which has the resonant qual- ities of wood, but lends the dignity of stone to church and auditorium interiors. By way of relaxation he composes music, _ poems, and paints portraits in oils. Three quarters of a century have gone over his head, but Berliner is not resting on his laurels. Every day he is at work from early morning until dusk, and he is brim full of ideas of what he wants to do next. His eyes are keen—he takes off his ses to read, and he hasn’t changed their lenses in twenty-five years. Some one recently asked him how he got his complexion, and he whimsically answered Berliner, in the Room of His First Invention In this bare room forty-eight years ago, Emile Berliner invented the mouthpiece that perfected the telephone and became our radio micro- phone. It was the first of the achievements which placed him, with no scientific training other than his own study, among leading inventors that he sandpapered his face every morn- ing after shaving. Like Michael Pupin and Alexander Graham Bell, Emile Berliner came to America as an immigrant. He was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1851, of humble parentage, but he inherited a love of music from his mother. He had only a common-school education, and came to this country when he was eighteen. Strange as it may seem, the only pos- session which he brought with him as an immigrant—his love of music—was re- sponsible for all his most important scien- tific inventions. He walks about his laboratory armed with a tuning fork. His secretary calls it his talisman, but he calls it his steel wishbone, for when he has some particularly difficult problem to solve, he strikes the “wishbone” and has the answer, just like the princess in the fairy story. E DOES not know why he gravitated to the field of science; he told me that, without any scientific training, he had always been interested in the accom- plishments of scientists. He took a job as clerk in a store when he first arrived in Washington, and then for a while he tried ers, some blue-stone batteries, and one or two kinds of induc- tion coils, fascinated Berliner more than any form of amuse- ment. Alexander Graham Bell gave the world the great prin- ciple of the undulatory current and the earpiece of the modern telephone; Ber- liner gave it the mouthpiece—a trans- mitter operating by battery current— and the application of the induction coil, which boosts that current. HAD read about the Bell telephone during 1876,” Mr. Berliner told me, “and though I had never seen it, I was much interested in it. I got some electric wires and other things from Mr. May- nard’s store and went to work to make a telephone myself. There was no such thing as commercial electric light in those days, and the knowledge anybody had about the possibilities of electricity was slight. At that time, in a large room in the Capitol near the dome upstairs, there was a big battery consisting of about one hundred Smee cells. Every Fourth of July the papers announced that the electric light would be shown from the Capitol, and everybody went down on Pennsylvania avenue. All at once we would see a brilliant arc light at the lower part of the dome. Then it went out be- cause the battery polarized, and we had to wait about half an hour for another glimpse of it! (Continued on page 114)

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32 Each Blossom a Water Pitcher The strange tropical plant above has solved the problem of living in climates where human thrcats parch. Its pitcher- shaped flowers catch and hoard every possible drop of the limited rainfall AVE plants feelings? Do they think? Have they, like men and animals, sensitive brains and nervous systems? These are questions that scientists have been discussing with renewed interest since, in a recent lecture delivered at University College, London, Sir Jagadis Chandra Bose, a distinguished Indian plant psychologist, revealed the results of astonishing experiments in which he found, he said, that plants react to pain, poisons and danger in much the same manner that man reacts. In his laboratory at Presidency College. Calcutta, Sir Jagadis declared, a delicate electrical apparatus known as a “ resonant recorder” revealed amazing facts about the crowded world of vegetation. A carrot winced at pain! When he touched a sensitive plant with fire, not only did the leaves shrink away and fold up, but the branch bearing them drooped sharply to escape the flame. Many plants, he found, believe in a ten-hour day, for they sleep all night, and, like many humans, doze from six to nine in the morning. Other plants seldom sleep. He was able, he said, to produce an artificial paralysis in a plant nerve, and then cure it with a treat- ment found to be effective in the removal of paralysis in animals. Thin plants, he found, are more excitable than stout plants, and plants grown under glass, while they look healthy, really are flabby. While American scientists have been keenly interested in Sir Jagadis’ dis- coveries, they do not all agree with his conclusions. Dr. William Crocker, head of the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, is one authority who is ‘skeptical. “I do not think that his theory about plants having nervous systems is safe,” he says. “Nor do I believe that plants grown under glass are in a state of leth- argy. Plants under glass are less respon- POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 19% ants, Lhat Almost 7H/VK _ They Steal Food, Attack, Defend, By ARTHUR GRAHAME sive, perhaps, than flowers grown out of doors, because the glass cuts off much of the ultra-violet rays of the sunlight.” Some other American scientists hint that their Indian colleague has been mixing Hindoo mysticism with modern science. Nearly all agree, however, that research seems to show a striking likeness between plant reaction &nd human reac- tion. XCEPT that plants are by their nature stationary, rooted to the ground and hence unable to wander about in search of food and comforts, they match in almost every particular the life processes, habits and activities of man and the other animals. Plants are born into the world as the result of a union between two previous individuals of their species. They marry and raise families quite as man does. They grow hungry and thirsty, and they satisfy their ap- petites with food and water, digesting and assimilating food products as the animals do. They have respiratory organs with which they breathe. Their economic life, too, is almost as well defined as that of the animals. They barter and exchange, exercising when necessary a talent for business that is quite amazing. There are thieves, van- Have All Senses Except Hearing — Strange Stories of Man- Eating Trees and Vegetable:Criminals World’s Largest Flower Preys on Trees Three feet in diameter, the gigantic flower above sucks its sustenance from the roots of trees in the jungle of Sumatra. Being a parasite, it cannot be transplanted to our botanical gardens. At left it is shown with its yellow-spotted petals closed dals, bandits and shirkers in the world of plants, just as there are in the world of men. Plant society has its social scale. Plants know riches and poverty. They adapt themselves to their environment, clothing themselves against the cold, ingeniously manufacturing their food where Nature fails to supply it, changing their structure or the color of their flowers to suit the necessities of their surround- ings. Evidence that plants possess intel- ligence of a sort is to be observed every- where. Apparently, scientists say, they possess all the senses except hearing. They use weapons to defend themselves against attack. In short, just like man and the animals, they come into the world and fulfill their natural destiny, living, rejoicing and suffering, and at last dying and leaving behind descendants to con- tinue their line. OT long ago Dr. George W. Crile, an American neurologist and surgeon, etherized the plant known as the Venus fly-trap. He found that it became insen- sible, and could not be brought into a state of activity even when tempted with insects, supposedly its natural prey. Professor Haberlandt, a German scien- tist, says that plants have eyes—trans- parent cells in the skin of their leaves— and that these eyes not only enable them to distinguish between darkness and light, but also make it possible for each leaf to take up its proper position in rela-

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el- ry- 1ey ng. ves lanl rid ng, ing on- ile, on, nus en- Oa ted rey. jen- Lns- em and ach ela- August, 1926 tion to other leaves, so that it will get its fair share of sunlight. Professor Harold Wager, an English man of science, is said to have proved the truth of Haber- landt’s contention that plants have eyes by substituting for a camera lens a spider wart leaf, and taking photographs! ONCLUSIVE proof of actual intelli- . gence in plants, however, is extremely difficult. Even in the animal kingdom, science so far has been unable to tell us just where on the scale intelligence starts. Animal life so small that it can be seen only ’ with the aid of a microscope shows distress and attempts to escape when brought into contact with acids. what the same reaction. Will the scien- tists of the future prove to us that all life, in its fundamentals, is the same? More than a quarter of a million plants have been classified. Everywhere they are engaged in an endless and merciless struggle for existence. There is more vegetable life than the earth can sup- port, and the law of nature is that the weak and the unfortunate must die. But plants do not die without a struggle for life. Although most scientists say that they have no brains, they will employ ingenious methods to obtain the sunlight, air, moisture and mineral foods that they need to live and grow. Some trees send out long roots to get water. Others develop large leaves in their efforts to capture sunlight. In South America Plants show some- ° POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY there grows a plant whose leaves are slit so that some of the sunlight will penetrate to the leaves close to its trunk. Sun- flowers turn their faces always to the sun; other plants, in hot climates, turn the edges of their leaves, rather than their faces, toward the sun, so as to avoid too intense heat. Probably it is the marvelous instinct— or intelligence—displayed by plants in their struggle for life that is responsible for the most remarkable story we have heard regarding the wonders of the vegetable kingdom. MAN-EATING tree! Such was the monster of the vegetable kingdom described some years ago by Carle Liche, a traveler in Madagascar, in a letter to Dr. Omelius Fredlowski—a letter which attracted world-wide attention. Liche’s account was dramatic. Traveling in the remote interior of the island with a party of savage natives of the Mkodo tribe, he had seen the tree himself—a pineapple- shaped vegetable eight feet high, and thick in proportion, with hanging leaves twelve feet long and armed with terrible thorny spikes. Horror-struck, he had seen an unfortunate native driven by the spears of his fellow-tribesmen into the deadly embrace of those closing leaves as a human sacrifice to the worshipped devil-tree; had seen him crushed slowly to death. Passing that way a few weeks later, he had seen the leaves unfolded again,-and under them a few bones! The tree had devoured its victim, and was lying in wait for another. Later, Dr. Chase Sal- mon Osborn, ex-governor of Michigan, veteran trav- ‘ eler, and the only Ameri- can member of the Mada- gascar Academy of Science, visited Madagascar. While he did not see the man- The Deadly Venus Fly Trap The greatly enlarged Photographs above graphically show the sureness and deadliness with which the Venus fly-trap catches its prey. As seen in the lower pic- ture, the fly is locked fast in the tightly folded leaf It Digests Insects One of the most fantastic insect- devouring plants of all is the goose plant. In the photo at the right it is shown with its jaws, ten inches wide, pried open with a stick like an alli- gator’s. The second picture shows the same plant with its jaws closed Fungus—The Criminal of Plants A tiny piece of fungus was placed on a block of spruce in the jar at the right. In less than nine months, the block was rotted throughout. Molds, mildews, mushrooms are a few of the } grafters and bandits that make up the large and noxious criminal class of the plant world 33 eating tree, he heard much about it from the natives of various tribes—so much that he decided that Liche’s weird story must have been built on a foundation of solid fact. From Central America comes another story of a man-eating tree. An explorer, returning from Nicaragua, reported in a lecture that he had seen a tree whose ten- tacles sucked the blood from any animal unfortunate enough to come into contact with them; that his dog had become en- meshed in the foliage of this carnivorous vegetable, and that in trying to rescue the animal, he—the explorer—had fallen into the grip of the hungry tentacles, and had escaped with his life only at the cost of the loss of portions of flesh from his hands and legs. “Bunk!” you may exclaim. But is it all “bunk”? Darwin believed that cer- tain plants live on insects that they cap- ture—his monograph, “Insectivorous Plants,”’ was scientifically famed in its time—and botanists of today are familiar with several plants which are at least insect-capturing, if not insect-devouring. HE best-known varieties of insect- capturing plants are the pitcher plant and the Venus fly-trap. The pitcher plant has leaves shaped like pitchers, the tops of the pitchers being delicately-balanced lids. The bottom of each pitcher holds a colorless fluid with an odor attractive to insects, and its inner walls are covered with fine hairs, normally pointing down- ward. An insect pushes open the lid, and enters. When it tries to depart it finds the lid closed and the hairs bristling. It struggles against its fate until it falls exhausted into the fluid at the bottom of the pitcher and is drowned. The Venus fly-trap, a beautiful plant with delicate, fragile flowers at the ends of slender stems, is as deadly. Each of its leaves is equipped with teeth, and with three sensitive hairs. When one of these hairs is disturbed by contact with an in- sect’s body, the leaf folds together, its teeth interlocking. Then surface glands give off a sticky fluid, and the insect is held prisoner until ceath ends its struggles to escape. As with (Continued on page 115) | 4 | y 18 i 1g ts

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SS TA Fi i BGI el SAGER: ARAL IES S is 34 MAGINE two teaspoonfuls of water producing 200,000 kilowatt hours of electric current worth $20,000! Or imagine one pound of gold, costing $320 at present prices, yielding a_ billion dollars’ worth of power—ten billion kilo- watt hours—as much as the annual capacity of the great Fundy Bay water power project, and four times as much as Muscle Shoals! Such things sound entirely fanciful. Yet they will actually come to pass, we are told, once science finds the key to release the tremendous stores of energylocked upinatoms —the invisible, mysteri- ous specks of matter that compose all sub- stances. For years work- ers in the laboratory have been searching for the entrance into this storehouse of power. They are still at work. Just ‘how far have they gone toward mastering the secret? In various ways sci- entists are following the path pointed out by Nature herself, trying to release the energy through transmutation of elements. In her family of radioactive substances Nature shows how self- generated rays of energy are thrown off while she turns uranium, thorium or actinium gradually into lead. She takes her time about the process. Before uranium makes its first POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Sharpshooting at the Atom How the Marksmen of Science Bombard Invistble Specks to Break Open Vast Stores of Power By G. B. SEyBo.p Smits and Dr. A. Karssen of Holland have produced mercury from lead. So far nearly ten percent of all the elements have been transmuted. Not bad for a work that started only in 1896! All are agreed that the change comes and the energy is released when an atom is smashed, that the energy pops off into space as the atom Courtesy Science Exhibition Committee of the Royal Society The Sound of Atoms Heard on a Loudspeaker With this remarkable apparatus, demonstrated in England, individual atoms thrown off by a radioactive substance can be made to produce audible sounds. As atoms strike an electrified surface, the sound of the impact is amplified wreckage flies about. Smashing an atom means changing the relative number of positive or negative charges in it. According to the accepted theory, in August, 1926 every atom negative charges called elec- trons revolve around a nucleus made up of a corresponding number of positive charges or protons, ‘as planets go around the sun. The sole difference between various elements lies in the electrical charge in the nucleus and the number and arrangement of electron “planets” in its atoms. An atom of gold, for example, has seventy-nine electrons, while mercury boasts one more, an even eighty. To change one element into another and release energy, it is necessary not only to knock out one or more of the whirling electrons, but to break into the nucleus to get rid of the corresponding number of positive charges there. This is the tremendous task. R.R.A.MILLIKAN of the California Institute of Technology has pulled electrons out of certain elements— “stripping them,” he calls it—and he. has found that this does not change the elements rad- ically. The nucleus of the atom, then, must be the bull’s-eye. And since the nucleus is almost inconceivably small, the difficulties of “hitting the bull’s-eye” become tremen- dous. To form an idea of just how small the nucleus is, consider the size of the atom of which it is a transmutation — and there are sixteen changes to make before it finally becomes lead—a period of five billion years elapses. And even then half of the mass of uranium remains as before. This slow release of energy would never run a sewing machine, and so far, no way has been found to speed up the natural transitions. O EXTRACT any practical value we need an artificial means, a quick way to get at the atom’s power; and it is here that scientists' have made progress. Sir Ernest Rutherford in England has produced energy by trans- muting six elements—and very unwilling the elements were about it! Professor Adolph Miethe of Berlin and Doctor Hantaro Naga- oka of Tokyo claim to have turned a seventh element, mercury, into gold. An eighth element, the metal tungsten, has been turned into the gas, helium, by two Americans, Dr. Gerald L. Wendt and C. E. Irion. Dr. Arthur How to Make Gold from Silver add amateur chemist can try the experiment of making gold in the laboratory. Here is the formula, as followed by the Ftench Society of Alchemists in turning silver into gold, and an- nounced recently by M. Jollivet Castellot, presi- dent of the society: To 125 parts of pure silver add seven parts of bisulphite of arsenic and three parts of sulphide of antimony. Melt and keep at a temperature of 1,000 degrees centigrade for four hours. A yellowish metal results. This must be melted, and ten parts of the arsenic compound and five parts of the antimony compound added very slowly. Keep temperature at 1,000 degrees centigrade for four hours. Now add ten parts of potassium nitrate, ten parts of ammonium chloride, ten parts of borax and some powdered soap, the latter being supposed to purify the metal, which by this time has become white. Cool, and the residue will contain one-fourth of one percent of gold. If you hope to make any money from the process, however, better not waste your time; for it takes about $500 worth of silver for every dollar’s worth of gold produced. part. If every man, woman and child in the United States were reduced to the size of an atom, we could all find standing room on a fifty-cent piece, and there would be space left over for us to stroll about. In exact figures there are 100,000,000 atoms to the inch. HE nucleus, which the scien- tist must work with, is only the hundred-thousandth part of the atom. The rest is blank space in which the electrons are revolv- ing, at a speed as high as 93,000 miles a second. Sir Ernest Rutherford at Cavendish Labo- ratory, Cambridge, has achieved his results by shooting at the nucleus of the atom with the most powerful projectile in the uni- verse, the swift “alpha” ray of helium, obtained from radium and thorium. ‘Traveling at a speed of 10,000 miles a second, this hits the nucleus with a velocity 20,000 times that of a rifle bullet and with a force which, mass for (Continued on page 116)

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Tee fee. e ae ae Oe eee SN SS = = ~- - emi ew August, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 35 —_—_— THE WINGS, SET AT AN ANGLE TO THE LINE OF FLIGHT, ARE PUSHED UPWARD BY THE AIR PRESSURE UNDERNEATH aoe — BY THE FORWARD MOTION THROUGH THE ROTATING PROPELLER VERTICAL RUDDER PULLS PLANE FORWARD HORIZONTAL RUDDER OR ELEVATOR GRAVITY PULLS DOWNWARD RESISTING THE UPWARD PULL OF THE WINGS. THE AIRPLANE RISES OFF THE GROUND WHEN THE FORWARD MOTION IS FAST ENOUGH SO THAT THE AIR PRESSURE UNDER THE WINGS IS GREATER THAN THE PULL OF GRAVITY “TAIL SKID AIR FRICTION AND RESISTANCE TEND TO SLOW DOWN THE FORWARD MOTION —_—— LINE OF FLIGHT RIGHT AILERON 1S CONNECTED BY CABLES RUN OVER PULLEYS TO LEFT AILERON AND QUADRANT OPERATED BY CONTROL STICK SO ARRANGED THAT WHEN ONE AILERON IS TIPPED UP THE OTHER IS TIPPED DOWN AND THE AIRPLANE ROLLS ONE WAY OR THE OTHER LEFT AILERON MOVING CONTROL STICK TO RIGHT OR LEFT TIPS PLANE IN SAME DIRECTION PULLING CONTROL STICK BACK STEERS PLANE UPWARD AND MOVING IT FORWARD HEADS THE NOSE TOWARD THE GROUND RUDDER BAR OPERATED BY FEET STEERS PLANE TO RIGHT OR LEFT AIRPLANE TURNS ON AXIS X-X WHEN CONTROL STICK IS MOVED TO RIGHT OR LEFT, LEFT AND RIGHT ELEVATOR FLAPS ARE CONNECTED ON AXIS Y-¥ WHEN CONTROL STICK 15 TO THE CONTROL STICK SO THAT WHEN PILOT PULLS THE STICK TOWARD HIM THE AIRPLANE HEADS UPWARD. = Z us p-b NUNES rE inoue tartan ™ PUSHING THE CONTROL STICK FROM HIM ENABLES OPERATED BY THE PILOT TO HEAD THE NOSE OF HIS SHIP TOWARD THE PILOT'S FEET JHE GROUND. THESE MOVEMENTS OF THE PLANE ARE A RESULT OF INCREASING OR DECREASING THE “LIFT” OF THE TAIL X ELEVATOR VERTICAL RUDDER IS CONNECTED BY CABLES TO RUDDER BAR SO THAT WHEN PILOT PUSHES OUT WITH RIGHT FOOT AIRPLANE TURNS TO RIGHT AND VCE VERSA BECAUSE THE WINGS ARE SET AT AN ANGLE SO THAT THE FRONT EDGE |S HIGHER THAN THE REAR EDGE, THE FORWARD MOTION CAUSES AIR PRESSURE ON THE UNDERNEATH SURFACE. IN ADDITION, THE RAPID MOTION THROUGH THE AIR FORMS A PARTIAL VACUUM OVER PART,OF THE UPPER SURFACE. THESE TWO FORCES TOGETHER PRODUCE THE LIFT’ _— How Airplanes Fly and ‘Turn HESE drawings, prepared from sketches made by Pi ey | Major Victor W. Pagé, Air Service, O. R. C., show == —— why an airplane flies and how it is controlled by the ~— pilot. a, pons Unlike an automobile, which has but one direction con- trol, the steering wheel, the airplane must be steered up and down as well as sidewise and must also be kept flying on an even keel in spite of air pockets and conflicting currents. In straight flying, the pilot’s job is to regulate his AREA OF REDUCED gs eee Lf —_——> AIR STREAM : or left to bring it back to an even keel. To make a sharp turn, it is, of course, necessary to tip the plane in the direction of the turn—in other words “bank” it. Modern airmen have so mastered the use of the con- trols that they can perform amazing feats—nose dives, direction and altitude by slight movements of the rudder bar and the control stick in the backward and forward direction. When he runs into turbulent air currents that tend to upset his ship he moves the control stick to right tail spins and so on—as well as bring their ships out of almost any kind of a twisting fall, provided they are far enough above the ground to permit the controls to have any effect. ETE 9 ES ~ ETS EET

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MIRED OBOE SPN EE BIS LEE Bh ef Pear Hl: i mA \ . ; / The same house in different dress— ® E JUST can’t decide what mate- rial to build our house of, so I told Rob we’d ask you,” -explained the vivacious young woman who had towed a tall husband into our living room. “That’s very flattering,” I said. “Don’t think it,” was Rob’s gloomy comment. “She has her mind made up already and only wants you to O. K. her choice.” “Oh, what a wicked fib!” rejoined Ellen. “I merely said that a house in the colonial style with those wide boards painted white is beautiful. Perhaps a brick house can be attractive, too—”’ “T’m kind of sold on stucco,” quoth the young husband. “You can put most anything under it, they tell me. And for a first-class stucco job you have a choice between two good materials, hollow tile and concrete block.” **Let me see those plans you’ve brought along,” was my suggestion. “Ah. It’s a kind of omnibus scheme for doing the same house in any one of four or five ma- terials. The artist’s sketches show how it will look in the different types. I don’t wonder you folks got into an argument.” It should be said that my young friends live in the Middle West and they plan to build in the outskirts of a thriving little city. They had a carpenter’s estimate on the cost of the house in wood frame at $7,800. This was well within their means and they could afford to spend several hundred dollars more for another type of construction, provided they felt it desir- able. I gave them a preliminary talk on the wisdom of using handy local material, if any such is available. A New Eng- lander might well build with the surplus stone lying around his site. If you are near a midwest quarry for cut stone, look into that material.. Take brick, tile or concrete block if these goods are made near by or are readily available at a reasonable price. “We want the best,” asserted Rob. “Of course. We all do, within the limit of our pocketbooks. The fact is, always bearing in mind the cash handicap, there is not much inherent choice between most i Va a a POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 1926 The Right Material Wood Is Generally Less Expensive Tile Last Longer—Climate By Joun R, — frame Wood in most local- ities is the cheapest material but is not so lasting as others. The four houses here shown are all made from the same plan, of different mate- rials. The one above is built of wood of the materials we can get. Quality and workmanship count for more than the raw substance usually put into a dwelling. There is also a large joker in talking about varied materials for a reasonable-priced house, because the different kinds of stuff are only embodied in the outside walls. There is little difference inside with the average house whether it is wood frame, brick, tile or concrete block.” “Then we might as well have that colonial style in wood frame and save a lot of money too,” exclaimed Ellen. “That’s a jump at conclusions. I did not mean to depreciate the value of ma- sonry in outside walls. Even part masonry gives some fire safety, reduces upkeep and tends to keep out both winter cold and summer heat. Wooden houses have lasted a century or more. If you have a small plot and are going to be elbowed on each side by frame dwellings, I'd advise as much masonry as you can afford and a spark-proof roof. Wood is the cheapest material, easiest and quickest to build with in any shape or form. It tempts not only the slim-pursed but the rich, who put up sprawling palaces of it instead of mere mansions in masonry that the same money would provide for. Don’t choose wood just for the sake of a better show.” “TI guess that lets out the frame colonial,’ said Rob cheerfully. " OW, Rob,” I admonished as his better half made a face at him, “stucco, which you say you favor, has false-front possibilities also. The other day I saw. a new house being built of rugged blocks of cut stone, apparently. A nearer view showed that those blocks were a thin veneer of fake substance nailed to wood sheathing. Wood does not make false pretenses, anyhow.” “Thank you for those kind words,” quoth Ellen. “Now would you mind telling us about those plans in brick— cost, looks and everything?” -more than for wood frame. If you can spare the extra cash, brick construc- tion will repay you in reduced upkeep, slower depreciation | and easier heating. - The house above shows the “homey” effect builders can achieve with brick used as the material Photos Home Owners’ Service Institute, Inc. “Just a moment until I figure. For brick exterior walls we'll allow twelve percent Let’s see. It brings the price up to $8,736, or a net excess over wood of $936. That is quite a difference and brick advocates must talk to the point, if they’re going to convert us. Well, they say if brick costs more at first it will be less expensive in the long run. Less depreciation and upkeep. Here is a printed comparison between a brick and frame house, giving the yearly cost of painting the latter as $100 against $8.50 for the other. Fire insurance, put at twelve dollars a year for brick, is said to be twice as much for frame. The wood house starts to depreciate right off at the rate of three percent annually while the brick stays like new the first five years and then gently toboggans at the rate of one percent a year. The cost of heating also increases with frame when warping and shrinking make drafty outer walls.” " OU take some of that brick talk with a grain of salt, don’t you?” asked Rob. ‘Sure, same as other special argument. Yet brick masonry does stand the punish- ment of time and has long-run economy. It is favored by the fire underwriters and by the building codes. It should be used more in homes. An eight-inch wall, which means the thickness of two bricks,

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Net A ae ck nt et ite Ik rt at ng p. st ut id he he rs of 1g 1g ” lk 3 Le az id l, August, 1926 to Build POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY With to Use, But Brick, Concrete and and Region Should Decide —_ ny McMaHon ee ——— tay: 37 —holtow tile Above is the hollow tile version of the same house shown at the left and on the opposite page. It ranks next to brick for strength and fire resistance, and is usually, but not always stuccoed —concrete block Costing nine per- cent more than the same house in wood, concrete block (above) can | be used with or 2 without stucco. The large size of the blocks speeds masonry work, and they come in most of the handy frac- tional sizes needed laid flat, is enough for any dwelling.” “But you can’t make it look well in a small house like ours, can you?” inquired Ellen. “Architects and bricklayers have im- proved in that respect,” was my reply. “They are now turning out some mighty neat and cozy looking homes. You can choose from a great variety of handsome bonds or styles of laying brick. You can get a fine artistic and homey effect by haphazard brickwork, odd sizes and all put in the masonry, without any regular line or pattern. There is also a clever method of laying outside brick so they stick out irregularly from the wall surface. What for? It’s like a painting in which a close-up shows gobs of pigment strewn on the canvas, but at the right distance you appreciate the effect. The irregular wall gives play of light and shade. It makes interest and beauty.” “JT UNDERSTAND they have hollow walls of brick,” remarked the young husband. ‘How about them?” “They save material and seem to be a good bet. They began to be used in small houses on the Pacific coast and are now quite popular everywhere. Really, this method is old stuff in Europe and so much the better from the standpoint of tried and proven. A hollow wall is made by laying some or all of the brick on edge. The air space makes it drier than solid masonry. It has enough strength and fire resistance, though it is not equal to solid brickwork in these respects. An eight-inch wall called all-rolok, which is one of the hollow types, is produced by a series of two edgewise bricks running the length of the wall, their ends joined or closed by header bricks also on edge. This saves one fourth the number of brick needed for a solid wall, one third the amount of mortar and some labor.” **How do they treat the inside of those walls?”’ pursued Rob. “Well, in California and other dry sec- tions they’ often plaster direct on the in- side of both hollow and solid masonry. It is not a good practice for most of the country, regardless of precautions like dipping the inside end of the header brick in a hollow wall in waterproofing com- pound. Outside of a bone-dry climate every masonry wall, brick or anything else, should be furred with wooden strips so as to make an air space under the final interior covering.” “Pid you say there is more than one kind of hollow wall in brick?” inquired Rob. “ ES. With the so-called rolok-bak the outside courses of brick are laid flat as in regular masonry while the inside courses stand on edge. Every six courses of the flat brick the twin walls are bonded together by a continuous row of flat cross- wise brick—headers, they call ‘em. — In this style you have the same width of wall as the other hollow method, but it takes somewhat more material and labor.” “Once I saw a pile of funny looking bricks with a sign on them ‘Bargain— Seconds,’’’ remarked Ellen. “‘ Would they be good?” “You missed a rare chance if those were clinkers or skittles. All colors, weren't they, from coal-black to orange? Misshapen, too? An architect would —E€Each material has advantages jump at the chance to have them for the = sake of their varie- gated form and color. Y fy I) mT He would put them right around the front entrance of a house. Those bricks were produced by the chance of overburn- ing, being placed too near the fire in the kiln. I guess I don’t need to tell you that we have been talking mostly about common brick. Face brick, which cost twice as much or more, are used for fireplaces and to veneer fronts of buildings.” “Give us some dope on the hollow tile version of our house,” suggested the young husband. “Right. First I'll estimate the cost. At ten percent more than wood frame it comes to—ves—$8,580. Now hollow tile is burned clay same as brick, only it has air spaces and is made in larger units. A standard size is a foot long by eight inches the other two dimensions. Since this is equal to a dozen bricks you can see that a mason can lay tile pretty fast. But the time he gains here he may lose when he comes to stucco the tile job. The fire underwriters rank hollow tile close to if not on a par with brick; and their tests include strength as well as fire resistance.” “* OU had me converted to brick,” said Rob, “and now you have me leaning to tile. Can’t you be less im- partial?” “Don't be foolish, boy,” I replied sternly. “Suppose I gave my personal preference for both brick and tile, used together? And that might only apply to one region and one climate. Eider- down shirts are fine in the Arctic but cot- ton feels better in the South. Are you squelched? Now tile has its variety as to the number of air spaces across the wall, usually two, and as to the placing of air spaces, whether vertical or horizon- tal. In some kinds no mortar joint ex- tends through the walls, which stops moisture getting in. There are tile sizes and shapes to fit door and window openings, in fact to meet every building need.” “T have a question before Rob wins another foolish prize,” said Ellen. “‘ May- be mine will too. (Continued on page 118) ————————————

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Pe RRR oa sis eeepc. a aaa Be iter OS RS Anton Fiettner, the “rotor ship man,” himself regards his amazing invention chie‘ly as a fuel-saving device, to supple- ment rather than djsplace mo- tors. At right: The newest ro- tor ship, the 3000-ton Barbara By Ropert E. Martin VEN in a modern age of steam and electricity and gasoline engines, the wind still howls as hard as ever. As a source of driving power, the wind remains quite as available and quite as cheap as it was in the beginning of time. It still blows everywhere without cost, and it is free to anyone who will use it. Notwithstanding many generations of dependence on the wind, most of us were ready to lose sight of these facts when, a few weeks ago, a 31-year-old inventive genius blew in from Germany to remind us most forcibly of their truth. His re- minder was in the form of as strange a ship as ever sailed the sea—a craft with odd spinning funnels that caught the breezes and harnessed them. As Anton Flettner’s rotor ship, the Baden-Baden, sailed into New York har- bor, welcoming crowds regarded her at first as a sort of mysterious “freak” of invention. Since then, this strange vessel and her young inventor have remained to demonstrate to the foremost power-using nation on earth that the wind, as a cheap and efficient source of usable energy, is far from being a back number. We were beginning to think it was. After mariners for thousands of years had set bellying sails to the breezes, we saw the sailing ships vanish from the seas. After centuries of whirling windmills, we saw the picturesque towers falling to de- cay, and the wide wings tattered and dejected. Served instead by tremen- dously efficient power drawn from the coal and oil of the earth and from the discoveries of electricity—with our motor cars, motor ships and all the rest—we were ready to place wind power among the “has-beens”’ of history. It remained for the genius of Anton Flettner to reawaken us—to prove that _it is not the wind itself, but rather man’s method of capturing the wind, that has run out of date. What he has done is simply to find a new and better way. The rotor ship Baden-Baden, which astonished thousands of us during its visits to American ports, is the first ap- POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY HIGH PRESSURE AREA— How the rotor principle works: The rotating mast resolves the force of the wind into suction and pressure in the rates indicated by light and dark areas. The forces are at right angles to wind plication of Flettner’s revolutionary ideas. It is only a beginning. Its real impor- tance lies not so much in its immediate proof that wind ‘power can be used effec- tively as a fuel-saving auxiliary for steam- ships and motor ships, as in the vast possibilities it offers in the future for cheaper power on land as well as on sea. Flettner’s invention, as described in detail in the February, 1925, issue of PopuLar ScieNcE MonrtTuLy, is simply the application of the scientific principle, known for nearly three-quarters of a cen- tury, that a cylinder rotating in the wind exerts a force at right angles to the wind. On the side of the cylinder moving against the wind, the air “piles up” and exerts pressure. On the opposite side suction is Ney j ae The metal-sail boat, a boyhood exploit that marked the first step toward the rotor ship August, 19% Trick the Wind That Is the Rotor Ship’s Inventor — A Boy’s Cheaper electricity may be a widely beneficial * application of the rotor idea. The first rotor mill in Berlin is designed to run a power and light plant. Other wind plants are being built created, exerting a pull. Of the total force on the cylinder, about seven-eighths is due to suction, and one-eighth to pres- sure. And this force, Flettner has found, is ten times as great as that produced by an equal area of canvas sail. “Blue coal” is the name applied by the inventor to the wind-fuel he has thus re- harnessed for the use of mankind. ‘“‘It is wonderfully cheap,” he tells us, “and it is available to the world in billions of horsepower.” UST when, where, and how extensively it will be made available rot even Flettner himself has been able to predict with certainty. The idea is still in its babyhood. Its possibilities seem almost limitless. We do know, however, that the first Flettner rotor windmill is being oper- ated by the city of Berlin and is reported to be at least thirty percent more efficient than the best of the old-time sail wind- mills; also that a second rotor mill, capable of developing 2000 or more horsepower, is being completed. We know, too, that the same principle recently has been applied by certain American automobile — = -F5 © = TD a

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BRR Rp | lee ne ne ccna a ae August, 1926 into Saving Billions!” Real Significance, Believes Its Idea Amazes the World manufacturers in rotor ventilators for closed cars; that Flettner is working on other industrial applications, and that he even predicts that rotors eventually may replace the wings on airplanes. Finally, we know that the world is eager for just such a source of cheap power, for the irrigation and reclamation of vast desert lands, and for industry in regions where water power is unavailable. ILLIONS of horsepower absolutely free! Anton Flettner seems to have been born with a genius to sense the wasted force of howling gales, and to de- vote his inventive mind to their mastery. Sprung from a long line of seafaring men, his first dreams of invention began when, as a boy, he sailed before the mast in his father’s ships. To him the elements were an endless source of wonder. When a hurricane struck his vessel off the Gold Coast, he was inspired by the tremendous power lost inf the gale. Conceiving a plan for a “wind turbine,” he drew rough sketches—enough to convince him that he-would need wider technical knowledge before he could carry his dreams to com- pletion. He left the sea and went to school. For five years he devoted himself to physics and higher mathematics, first at Frankfort-on-Main, near his _ birth- place, then at Berlin. His first creation was an invention which not only failed but nearly ended in disaster. It was a metal sail, some- what like an airplane wing, designed as a substitute for canvas. He strung it on the rigging of a small boat and set out. In a light breeze the boat almost capsized, and its frightened creator quickly sped back to port. Yet this first attempt, futile though it was, at least marked a It’s the same ship—before and after. The first rotor ship, Baden-Baden, at the Tight, was once the little sailing vessel, Buckau (above), two narrow stacks now doing what an enor- Mous sail spread had to do POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 39 step toward the invention of the metal rotors which even- tually were to drive the Baden-Baden. Another boyhood inven- tion which also barely missed a tragedy, was a method of wireless control of moving objects at a distance. Anton, then a youth of seventeen, could find only one man who saw any use for it. That man was the owner of a circus. He commissioned Flettner to build a device that could put a riderless horse through its paces from a distance. The machinery was to be hidden in the saddle. On the first trial the horse displayed a strong dislike for the mysterious saddle. It bucked so violently that it jounced the delicate control mechanism out of order. Left to its own devices, the ma- chine began to jerk and whip the reins with such wild aban- don that the horse jumped a fence and ran away. That was the end of wireless con- trol for Flettner for the time being, although in later vears, during the World War, he was to develop a system of radio control for army tanks and air- planes which went through paces that amazed high army officers. Flettner’s EANWHILE, during his search for a new way of capturing the wind, Flettner hit upon the idea of a free- swinging rudder, one of the most valuable of all his inventions. At the outset this startling departure from the common hinged rudder met only with ridicule. Technical experts scoffed at the idea that a rudder, free to swing on its axis like a weather vane, could possibly influence the course of a ship. In fact, experts in a German patent office refused the young inventor a patent, accompanying their refusal with a lengthy document contain- ing complicated mathematical calcula- Shipbuilders the world over are adopting another of inventions—the free-swinging rudder. The secret of its operation is a narrow panel, or fin (in the picture above, shown along the extreme left of the rud- der). The navigator swings the fin; the fin steers the rudder; the rudder steers the ship. At the right is shown a diagrammatic explanation es RUDDER tions to prove that the rudder could not possibly work! “All right,” said Flettner, “I'll prove their calculations are wrong.” And he did. He has lived to see his invention installed on more than a hundred ships, large and small, and on at least five hun- dred airplanes. Today his rudder is being adopted by shipbuilders the world over. The secret of its operation is a small panel, or fin, set into the tail of the rud- der. This fin, rather than the main rudder, is controlled by the navigator. He simply swings the fin; the fin steers the rudder; the rudder steers the ship. y= the fin is set at an angle to the rudder, it swings the latter to a position where water pressure on rudder and fin are balanced. Even if the impact of a big wave temporarily upsets this equilibrium, the rudder immediately re- turns to its former position of balance. The increased safety and economy of such an arrangement are obvious. Con- trol of the Flettner rudder requires only about five percent of the power needed to manipulate an equally large rudder of the old type. Even a ship of 1000 tons may be steered by hand. From the difficulties he encountered in convincing experts of the practicability of the rudder, Flettner knew that he would have even greater trouble to “put over” the rotor ship idea, which he even- tually developed out of the failure of his metal sail. He was not far wrong. When he tried to explain the rotor to technical men he found (Continued on page 105)

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ee Flower Lives in Sealed Bulb The young woman above is holding a plant growing inside a hermetically sealed bulb, ex- hibited recently at a convention of scientists in Washington, D.C., to show a plant does not need fresh air. It uses the same water and air over and over again and needs no attention whatever On these pages are presented each month brief stories of scientific discovery and research having practical bearing on our every-day problems. Canning Preserves Food Values AN LAST there comes a ray of hope that the comic artist will have to abandon his timeworn joke about Mrs. Newlywed and the dinners she cooks with the can opener. Dr. Walter H. Eddy astonished mem- bers of the New York State Medical Society not long ago by declaring that the process of canning, instead of killing nu- tritive values of food, actually preserves them. He believes the impression that canned foods are less healthful is based on a mistaken vitamine theory. For example, there is five times as much vitamine C in canned cabbage as in boiled fresh cabbage, he said. No Need to Fear End of World OR a while, at least, we don’t have to worry about the world’s coming to an end. After doing a bit of simple figuring with bewildering rows of ciphers, Pro- fessor F. R. Moulton of the University of Chicago now assures us that our earth still has some 999,998,000,000,000 years to go on whirling around the sun. Here’s the way it works out: Geologists say that the earth now is two thousand million years old. The average life of a planet such as ours, says Professor Moulton, is one quadrillion years. To get an idea of how long that is, multiply a million by a million and then multiply the product a thousand times. Put these figures down, and you-will see that our earth, on its two thousand millionth birthday, is just a newborn POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 19% Keeping Up with the W orld’s End 999,998 ,000,000,000 babe as planets go. According to the professor’s figures, it will keep on living nearly half a million times as long as it already has lived. So why worry? Our Huge Mosquito-Bite Bill N YOUR household budget, along with the items of grocery and butcher bills, have you figured on the summer expense of mosquito bites? ; Statisticians who have been following the trail of the buzzing pests tell us now that every man, woman and child of us paid, on the average, the sum of ninety- one cents last year just for the privilege of being bitten. The national mosquito- bite bill was $100,000,000! This sum, we are informed, represents the damage done by malaria mosquitoes in bringing on some 3,000,000 cases of chills and fever. And there is little hope of the price being reduced this summer. Around. the World in 17 Hours FTER studying the flight of birds for centuries, man at last has learned to fly; and in doing so he has outdistanced his living models in speed, in altitude and in carrying ability. Now a study of the marvelous fiving mechanism of the world’s speediest known creature, a South American fly known as Cephenemyia, has led at least one scientist to suggest the possibility that eventually birdmen may nearly triple the present airplane speed record of 300 miles an hour. Dr. Charles H. T. Townsend, American entomologist stationed at Itaquaquece- tube, Brazil, points out that if we can learn to duplicate the action of Cephene- myia we shall be able to fly around the earth between sunrise and sunset of the longest summer day, or in about seven- teen hours. To do this over the 13,855- mile circuit at the latitude of New York, we should have to travel constantly at a speed of 815 miles an hour, or al- most fourteen miles a* Obtains Fuel Gas from Refuse Oil At the age of nineteen, Robert Lawrence, Jr., of Washington, D. C., has completed an in- vention which it is be- lieved may have wide effect on industry. It is a machine, run by electricity, which is said to extract a high grade of fuel gas from refuse oil. Eminent engineers say that the invention will be of great value in the heat treatment of steel. The young inventor, seen at the right with his device, began working on his machine when he was thirteen years minute! This is as fast as the speed of projectiles of certain types of artillery, It sounds like a “pipe dream.” And yet, as Dr. Townsend recalls, it was not sq long ago that people gasped at the thought of traveling “a mile a minute.” He re. minds us, too, that it is not beyond the possible for man to duplicate with ma. chines what other creatures have ae. complished in natural locomotion. The fact remains that Cephenemyia does cover 815 miles an hour, or nearly 400 yards a second. With tremendous power stored in a body of extremely light weight, it moves so swiftly that it can be seen only as a blur or streak of color, Tides Start Volcanoes Going? . A INTERESTING solution of -the mystery of volcanic eruptions has just been offered by William Bowie of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey; He advances the theory that volcahi¢ outbursts may be due directly tothe pressure of the tides, which twist and wring the earth. i This theory is based on a study of Bering Sea, where tidal pressure is unusually great and where volcanoes are found in greater number than on any other spot on the earth. The tides also may have an influence in building mountains. Psychologist May Rival Doctor O RAPIDLY is psychology advancing to a place of vital importance among the applied sciences, that before long we may callupontheprofessional psychologist for a prescription for “brain fag” as read- ily as we now turn to our family physician when we are physically “run down.” The trend in this direction was strik- ingly illustrated recently when President W. H. P. Faunce of Brown University announced that “the mental and spiritual needs of Brown undergraduates hereafter

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lal ter August, 1926 Progress of Science Years Off —Some Other Amazing Discoveries Bell’s Original Telephone Were it not for the fact that inventors keep on making improvements, we should still be using the bulky fog-horn device for telephoning, as shown below, instead of the compact instru- ment wenow use. This weird instrument is the original telephone invented by Alexander Gra- ham Bell and patented a half century ago. It js now at Smithsonian Institution, Washington will be studied by psychologists as their physical ailments now are diagnosed by physicians.” The purpose, he added, was “not mere analysis in the name of half-baked science, but human helpfulness given by the best men in the medical profession.” Hundreds of students, said President Faunce, are held back by mental condi- tions of which their closest classmates often are unaware. Skyscrapers 80 Stories Coming i the tallest skyscrapers of today will be dwarfed by the towering structures of tomorrow seems not at all improbable. Only recently, combination office and apartment buildings eighty stories high were predicted by Robert M. Catts, head of a New York concern which is planning the construction of great office buildings throughout the country. The business man of the future will solve the traffic problem in congested centers, Mr. Catts says, by dwelling in an apartment in his office building and riding to his office in an elevator. Overhead causeways linking combina- tion home and office buildings will further simplify traffic. Solving the Mystery of Sleep NCE more electricity comes to the aid of science in exploring the un- known, this time to shed new light on the baffling mysteries of sleep. By means of instruments for measuring the electrical resistance of the human body, Dr. Curt P. Richter of the Henry Phipps Psychiatrie Clinic of Johns Hop- kins University recently discovered that POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 41 there are at least two distinct kinds of sleep. One is real sleep, with complete relaxation of brain, nerves and muscles, The other isa sort of stupor, a condition resulting from certain types of mental illness. The latter so closely resembles real sleep that it is im- possible to tell, from looking at the patient, that he is not actually asleep but intensely conscious, In his experiments Dr. Richteremployed a string galvanometer and _ specially constructed electrodes. With these he was able to measure how soundly a person was sleeping without awakening him. They Flattest Surface on Earth Above you see the flattest surface in the world. It was made at the Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C., by grinding three disks of fused quartz. It is used for testing gages in industrial plants A Rubber That Is As Strong As Steel With foot braced against a bench and his whole weight pulling on it, Dr. C. Moon of the United States Bureau of Standards is trying to stretch a thin strip of a new kind of rubber just developed, which has amazing tensile strength. Ic is said to have many properties which are causing manufacturers to consider using it as a substitute for metal showed that the resistance of a patient to a small electric current sent from hand to hand during sleep was centered almost entirely in the skin, and that the amount of resistance increased measurably with the intensity of sleep. When sleep was not sound, Dr. Richter found, the resistance of the skin usually decreased. Find Speed of the Blood OR the first time in history, scien- tists are able to measure exactly how fast the blood flows through the body. This achievement was. announced re- cently by Doctors Herman Blumgart and Soma Weiss of the Thorndyke Lab- oratory, Boston City Hospital, who declare it will be of valuable aid in determining abnormal conditions, par- ticularly heart disease. By their method, radium is injected in the left arm of a patient. Carried in the blood stream through heart and lungs, its arrival in the right arm is detected by an electroscope. For the normal person the average speed of the blood over this course is from fifteen to twenty-two seconds, the doctors report; for a diseased person it is as slow as forty-five to sixty seconds. Chemical Action Causes Decay HAT makes a building decay and go to ruin? Why do chimneys have to be mended so often, especially at the top? : To answer these questions, Dr. E. M. Chamont, professor of chemical micro- scopy at Cornell University, has under- taken experiments which may save owners of buildings millions of dollars a year. Dr. Chamont believes the chief cause of decay is a kind of chemical action that eats away the structure. He is examin- ing materials taken from old as well as modern buildings that have crumbled.

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ee a eae ee ere ee ee POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 1926 Talking Movies Astound Auditors Soundproof camera booth, used in making talking movies, to keep the clicking of the camera from being recorded on the disk ALKING movies that sound like actors on a real stage to- gether with a phonographic orches- tral accompaniment that keeps time with the film are the marvel- ous possibilities promised by a new development worked out by the Bell Telephone Laboratories. While phonograph disks of the familiar shape are used for repro- ducing the voices and music, a new electrical system of recording brings out all the high and low notes ordi- narily missing. But the most im- portant part of the new machine is Operating the new talking movie ma- chine is as easy as running the ordinary projector. To insure synchronization, film and sound - devices are coupled to oppo- site ends of the same motor as seen at right Below: The wax disk that takes the sound record while the camera. grinds the film. These rec- ords can be made at a distance from the actors, permitting natural grouping and freedom while acting ROTTER toe, > ret 7>?>>?> pee shaft operates the film past the shut- ter or projecting lens while the other end of the shaft rotates the disk. Film and disk are set to a given starting mark before the motor is started. When it is necessary to move the camera around in taking the movies, two motors are used; one to drive the camera and the other to drive the recording disk. An ingenious the method of synchronization, a stumblingblock that has tripped up many inventors. This method uses a single motor to drive both the film and the recording disk. One end of the motor electrical gearing device has been developed to make the two motors run in perfect time with each other. It Half Flies on Land, Half Swims in Water QUIPPED with aseventy-horsepower airplane motor, the astonishing car shown below, which tears across the coun- try at sixty miles an hour, was the idea of George McLaughlin, a Bangor, Me., McLaughlin, the Bangor garage man, says he designed and built this amazing fiying-fish automobile all by himself, but its roomy comfort and general garage man. McLaughlin doesn’t like to bother with bridges when he comes to a river, so he made his new car amphibious. Under the running boards are air-tight pontoons to keep it afloat, and it steers by the front wheels in water just as on land. The top is constructed of wood boards in two layers crossed with canvas water- proofed between both to make it water- tight and “seaworthy.” © appearance suggest that some feminine member of the household had at least a final word to say. In looks, finish and equipment it equals a fine limousine

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it- er k. en he es, ive ive US en in nd, ;in /er- Ler- ist ne August, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY A 90-Mile-an-Hour Boat INETY miles an hour is the speed N that Colonel Marcel de Passy, of Ulmer Park, N. Y., expects to attain with the novel racing boat he is now building. The De Passy 3rd, as the new racer will be named, is to be propelled by a high wer airplane motor and a propeller that works against the air instead of the water. Before proceeding with actual build- ing of the full-sized racing boat, Colo- nel de Passy experimented with several models. One of them is shown below. Several unique ideas are embodied in the new craft. In addition to the usual rudder operating in the water, the upper end of the rudder shaft carries a vanelike fin that is directly in the path of the air thrust backward by the air propeller on the giant engine. The combination steer- ing is said to give remarkable steadiness with little frictional resistance. The hull is also of a peculiar shape, resembling @ narrow version of the skate fish. Sa a *+#*4%& © © & @® @& 8 @ 43 The De Passy 3rd (above)—the novel racing boat with an airplane engine and propeller, which is ex- pected to streak through the water at a mile and a half a minute. Left: Experimental model of boat Amazing New Motor Runs without Crankshaft or Gears SIBLE revolutionizing of the pro- duction of gasoline motors is seen in the invention of an amazing type of en- gine that recently made a successful air- plane test flight at Farmingdale, L. I. Its inventor is Harold Caminez, formerly of the Engine Design Section, U.S. Army Air Service. Internally, the novel motor is con- structed along radically different lines from other aircraft engines. There is no crankshaft. Nor are there timing gears. In place of the usual crankshaft there is aplain, straight shaft on which is mounted a large steel cam that is shaped like a figure eight. It is placed directly in line with the centers of the cylinders so that it engages with roller bearings mounted in each piston. These roller bearings are specially built with large diameter outer races. Four lightweight connecting rods or links are so arranged on bearings in each piston that when the cam pushes the pistons in two of the cylinders toward the cylinder head, the links pull the other two pistons down and keep the roller bearings in them in contact with the cam. These links are far lighter than the con- necting rods in the ordinary engine, be- cause their only function is to pull the piston down on the intake stroke and they consequently do not have to bear any of the strain of the power After the test flight of the new engine: left to right, _ H. Caminez,; Capt. R. H. Depew, Jr., and S. M. Fairchild stroke. Below: Showing the figure-eight shaped cam, which is rotated by round bearings mounted in each piston, eliminating the crankshaft Gasoline engines of the modern type develop the most power when they are run at high speed, higher in fact than is desirable for best efficiency with an air- plane propeller. The new Caminez engine takes care of this diffieulty in a most in- genious way. Because the cam is made like a figure eight the pistons make two complete strokes up and down for each revolution of the shaft on which the cam is mounted. In an ordinary engine, the pistons make one stroke up and down for each revolution of the crankshaft. In other words, the shaft of the new engine revolves at half the usual speed. This means high and efficient speed for the pistons combined with the most desirable speed for the air propeller. Incidentally, this doubling up of the piston strokes means that no gears are needed to run a cam shaft to operate the overhead valves. The main shaft of the Caminez engine turns at the same speed in relation to the piston movements as does the cam shaft in the ordinary motor. The new engine therefore gets along with- out cam shaft or gears to drive it, and the cams to operate the valves are mounted on the main shaft. But of still more importance from the point of view of dura- bility and smoothness of running is the fact that the new engine is _the first four-cylinder motor that is inherently balanced mechani- cally so that there is no vibration caused by the moving parts.

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a a fn SSS Caterpillar Propels Boat for Use in Shallow Water ROPELLED by a caterpillar under its hull, the strange-looking boat above moves on the Mississippi like a tank on a road. It is used to handle barges in very shallow water. At present its power is a gasoline motor, but its inventor, Carl Baer, of St. Louis, plans to replace this with a Diesel engine. The boat moves in either direction and at the same speed. With glassed-in sides, the craft looks like a greenhouse. Most of the space in the cabin is taken up by the caterpillar housing, which runs under the hull instead of a keel. In the cater- pillar cups are perforations to let part of the water through. Safety Pilot Prevents Gas Leak in Hot Water Heater ee a day, the neighbors broke in. Escaping gas met them, and in the dining room they found the whole family, father, mother and baby, dead. The pilot light to the gas heater had gone out. Such is the story one reads only too often. A safety pilot working on a thermo- static principle, that turns off the supply of gas automatically whenever the flame goes out, prevents any such leakage. The device, which is illustrated below, may be attached to any gas water heater. This new pilot for hot water heaters, that pre- vents the gas from leaking, is located outside POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 192 Took Three Years to Build This Ship Model growing stronger every day through- out this country. Wherever they are placed on sale, they are eagerly bought. Three years’ patient labor were put into the beautiful model of a five-master full-rigged sailing ship shown here, which was completed recently by Thomas Rosen- kvist of New York City. He has named it the Wanderer, and it is complete in every de- tail even to the sheaves in the blocks and the stitching of the sails. The marvelously perfect model drew large crowds at a recent motor boat show in New York City, where it was exhibited. The model is taller than the average person, as the illustration shows, and gives a graphic idea of the famous old five-masted ships of the days before smoke- stacks pushed graceful sails from the sea’s horizon. Prrrowings interest in ship models is A perfect model of old five-masted sailing vessel ‘5 Chicago Finds Way to Speed Up Traffic Cases AFETERIA style in police traffic courtsis being tried in Chicago, where Speed is spelled with a capital letter. Some call it the “Help Yourself Court.” In it, violators of traffic rules never even see a judge. If upon arrest they plead guilty, they appear in court thirty - six hours-later and pay their fines accord- ing to a fixed scale. A card index of offen- ses is kept and successive fines are higher. All like clockwork, no tiresome waiting in court or overcrowding the judge. In the picture above, an offender is shown paying his fine while a court attendant records it and gives him a receipt. Puzzled by Swinging Baskets Se have been puzzled since last October by swinging baskets brought from Borneo and set up in the Peabody Museum, Cambridge, Mass. As soon as they were in place they began their peculiar swinging, which suggested somewhat perpetual motion. Many ex- planations for this phenomenon were offered, but none seemed to cover it satis- factorily. Some thought there was some- thing supernatural in the baskets, since they were originally “grave offerings.” Finally, two young scientists succeeded in stopping them by putting a kink in the wire from which they hung. British Order Big Plane to Carry 50 Soldiers AN ALL-METAL airplane capable of carrying fifty fully equipped soldiers was ordered recently by the British air ministry. This order followed the comple- tion of a fleet of air busses for twenty-five soldiers a short time ago for use in Meso- potamia. ‘These airplanes are said to effect a great economy in time, money and man power in quickly transporting troops in British possessions where tribal disturbances are of frequent occurrence and speéd in getting to the scene means an end to the trouble. The new fifty- seater will have tip-up seats, racks and cupboards for rifles and ammunition, and tanks for drinking water. It will carry radio equipment, and will be used as an ambulance in action. A Help in Opening Knots A A substitute for fingers, these extra strong little tweezers are said to be of great help. — Untying knots, hulling — straw- berries, pulling pin feathers, weeding small plants, and pull- ing basting threads are a few of the jobs for which it is es- pecially useful— tasks usually hard on the. fin- gers and nails. They have a wider grip than ordinary tweezers, and hold better. photograph shows the device in use. The A can of beef, part of the stores carried by the Franklin Northwest Passage Expedi- tion of 1845, opened recently in a Liver- pool bacteriological laboratory to de- termine whether the spoiling of the food supplies caused the failure of that venture, was found to be in perfect condition.

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‘> 1926 7 e] e of iers air ple- five 250- to ney ing ans 1€ ‘ August, 1926 German Railroad Cars Fumigated in Huge Tank POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Above, a passenger coach being run into this novel disinfecting tank at Potsdam, Germany. Right, the interior of the tank, showing the somewhat intricate arrangement of the gas pipes NSECTS and germs haven’t a chance I in this unique disinfecting tank in Potsdam, Germany, where a whole car is fumigated at one time. The tank is made of sheet metal, and is air-tight when the huge doors at both ends are closed. After traveling 31,000 miles, every ex- press train must come to this station for fumigation. All the upholstery in the cars is taken up and time given for the gas to Two huge doors close the disinfecting tank and make it practically air-tight. Above, one of them is being closed after the car has been run in penetrate every crevice. Then the cars are washed thoroughly, so that when the car leaves the station it is as sanitary as the day it left the factory. The photograph at the left shows a car going into the gas house; in the center, the interior of the tank showing arrange- ment of gas pipes; while the picture at the right shows the great door being closed, preparatory to filling the tank with gas. This stand keeps a Ford transmission from. slip- ping and falling while adjustments and repairs are being made on it. Be- low are shown the three attachments used with it be €2 . . A Transmission Repair Stand O HOLD a Ford flywheel transmis- sion at a convenient height while overhauling it, and to keep it from slipping and falling, the special iron stand above has been devised to hold the parts rigidly so that the work can be done quickly. Two attachments are provided to hold the flywheel and transmission during re- pairs. With attachments removed, the drums of the flywheel transmission as- sembly slip into the head of the stand where they are held for quick replacement of starting gear or adjustment of mag- nets. A third attachment is used for work on each side of the differential. Smokeless Coke Developed from Illinois Coal A NEW type of coke that is said to be smokeless and especially adapted to household purposes has been recently developed at the University of Illinois under the direction of Samuel Wilson Parr, professor of chemistry, who has been called America’s greatest expert in the chemistry of coal. This smokeless coke has been obtained by an entirely new departure in the coke and gas making process. Instead of the high temperatures hitherto employed, low temperatures are used. The gas made by this process is said to be of high commer- cial value. This new method has made it possible for the first time to use the coal mined in the Illinois fields for the pro- duction of coke. Name Plate Locks Key Ring MEANS for identification of lost keys other than by their numbers is provided by this new key ring, shown above. The two wings which form a name plate, when closed, hide the owner’s name inside and in addition lock the device securely, so that the ring cannot open of itself and the keys come off. Since there are two rings, one at either end of the name plate, the key in your collection you use most can be separated from the others so that you can find it with little loss of time. Compressed Air Locomotives for Mines N COAL mines where there is dan- ger of fire damp, or in tunnels and large build- ings where there is danger of explosion, this new type of loco- motive, right, run by compressed air, is being introduced. With no sparks flying, there is no danger of ignition. The compressed air is contained in four cylin- ders carried’ on the “engine.” The photo- graph shows one of these locomotives in a@ mine in Germany. Type of compressed air locomotive used in German mines

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eee ee ee ee Te een ene POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Pump House Rises and Sinks with River The largest flexible joints in the world make possible the rising and falling of this pump house on the Mississippi, owned by a large Illinois oil refinery, as the water advances and ebbs O INSURE its water supply of 18,000,000 gallons a day, an Illinois oil refinery on the Mississippi recently installed a floating pump equipped with remarkable flexible joints. The two huge joints in the pipe are said to be the largest of the kind in the world. Built on several pontoons, the pump house now can rise and fall according to the stage of the water, which varies greatly from season to season. ‘Two eighteen-inch, double suction centrifugal pumps are used. A New Building Material AERATED concrete containing mil- lions of small, air-filled unconnected cavities, is a new building material, orig- inated by three Danish inventors, which is said to have been used with excellent results recently. It consists of a thin con- How Much Do YOU Know About Science? 7 OU may think you know all you need to know about your world, but one of the most fasci- nating aspects of science is the new light it throws on everyday life, on the familiar objects about us. How many of the following ordinary questions, for example, can you answer? To find out if you were right, turn to page 109. 1. Why are thunder storms commoner in summer than in winter? 2. What causes color blind- ness? 3. How much energy does the earth receive from the sun? 4. Why do we feel cooler when riding in an automobile than when sitting still, though the air itself is no cooler? 5. Does gravity affect birds while they are flying? 6. How do plants get fo0d ma- terials from the soil? 7. Are there any places in which it never rains? 8. How are stars used to set clocks? 9. How much blood is there in the human body? 10. Is there a sea serpent? 11. What is the filament of an electric lamp made of? 12. Why does yeast make bread rise? crete mass which, before it hardens, is violently stirred to a foamy consistency. After the mass has become hard, it is like pumice, full of small air bubbles. It is said to be a good heat insulator. Huge Iron Losses by Rust HE West Scotland Iron and Steel Institute recently collected statistics of the annual production of iron in all parts of the world since 1890, to ascertain the corresponding annual losses by rust during the same period. The total annual iron production reached its peak in 1913, and was about eighty million tons. In the same year the quantity of iron destroyed by rust was not less than twenty-six million tons, almost one third of the year’s production. The total production of iron during the period from 1890 to the end of 1923 was approximately 1766 million tons, while during the same period fully 718 million tons were destroyed by rust. August, 192% ie All You Need to Shine Shoes OUR shoe brush and polish will always be together if you use the handy device above. The polish is con- cealed. inside the brush. Pulling the handle apart removes the lid of the polish; closing the brush puts the top on again, A dauber is in the handle, also. Slot-Machine Lunching Easy As Mailing.a Letter OR speed in delivering quick lunches, the new automatic server below car- ries off the prize. All you need do is put in your money, and out comes a sand- wich, piece of pie or cake. The foods are This quick-lunch machine provides a new service in many large stores and factories in cartons, and each piece sells for prices plainly marked. The machine has four magazines which hold eight cartons apiece. For factories, shops and large stores not having lunch rooms, this server is espe- cially useful, according to the maker. His Crossing-Gate Plan May Save Your Life i? A NEW and interesting type of automatic safety gate lag cently, is shown in this photograph in model form. inventor, Charles H. Gage, is demonstrating it. When a for railroad crossings, displayed in Washington re- Its train approaches, the gate closes; when the train has cleared the crossing, the gate opens, permitting traffic to start again. Both opera- tions are designed to be entirely automatic. a Charles H. Gage showing how railroad gates can close automatically at approach of train

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August, 1926 A Thimble That Cuts Threads AVING teeth, temper and time, the little steel hook on this thimble cuts threads in a jiffy. It is actually a part of the’ thimble, and is worn on the back of the finger over the finger nail. Where Some Used Nails Go pyatc quantities of mixed nails ordi- narily wasted in a building job are now sorted and salvaged by means of the small portable device shown below. The nails are picked up from the ground and The nails slide down into runways that sort them automatically according to size thrown, regardless of size, into a bin from which they are shaken into _ inclined troughs. These direct them, points down- ward, into runways of different sizes. The runways sort the nails automatically, the larger sizes remaining in the grooves while smaller ones fall into a box below. PuotToGRAPHY without plates or films is possible, it is claimed, with a new inven- tion of a South African chemist. Pictures are taken directly on sensitized paper. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Auto Built to Run on Railroad Tracks 47 Because it can make eighty miles an hour and gets under way quicker than a locomo- tive, this strange track-riding auto is frequently called upon in railroad emergencies OR rushing doctors and nurses to the scene of trouble, and for inspection trips of various kinds, the Southern Rail- road Company has installed on its lines the speedy railroad sedan shown above. Eighty miles an hour over level track is its record, and it gets under way much quicker than a locomotive. The axles of the car are stationary, and power is trans- mitted by special gears. A rheostat switch regulates its speed, and it will operate all block signal systems. Flanged wheels and a cowcatcher suggest its close relationship to a locomotive. Speeding Up Bricklaying WO remarkable advances in brick- laying and plastering in connection with home building have been made re- cently, according to Charles R. Taylor, of the West Side Y. M. C. A. trade schools, New York City. The first is an electric bricklaying machine, that lays bricks at a rate far greater than that of a mason un- der ordinary conditions. The other is an improved method of plastering, by which six men can put on 250 square yards of plaster in less than an hour. A good plas- terer, with a helper, can ordinarily put on about fifty square yards a day. Macready’s Wheel Is Fastest HE fastest revolving wheel in the world, according to estimates of ex- perts, is the turbine wheel on the special supercharger of the airplane used by Lieutenant John Macready in his recent attempts to better the world’s altitude record. It revolves at a speed almost inconceivable to the human mind, of Stenographic Machine Writes Shorthand LL ready for the man who dictates like a house afire, is the trim little stenographer of the-picture. She is prepared for him with a, new machine that takes dictation. She can handle three hundred syllables a minute on it, it is claimed by the maker—if she is experienced, and if the one who is dictating to her can talk at that rate of speed. In appearance this brand-new machine is similar to an ordinary typewriter, but it prints shorthand characters instead of letters. The paper is on a roll so that no time need be lost in changing pages. If de- sired, the machine can be adapt- ed for ordinary typewriting. The problem of the steno- graphic machine hasbeen absorb- ing the attention of typewriter manufacturersfor years. Previous models have been generally too complicated for practical use. Taking shorthand notes at 300 syllables a minute 40,000 revolutions a minute—almost 700 a second. A slight idea of just how fast this is may be gained by comparing its speed with the speed limit of the average automobile crankshaft. At highest speed the auto- mobile crankshaft reaches about 2,000 revolutions a minute, or only one twen- tieth the speed of this turbine wheel. KNOW YOUR CAR VERHEATING is a common trouble in summer in spite of the fact that the average car made today is fitted with a cooling sys- tem designed to keep the motor be- low the boiling point even under the most adverse conditions. In fact, the average car runs much too cold for best efficiency except on the very hottest days in summer. Con- sequently you may rest assured that something is wrong if the radi- ator steams every time you travel more than thirty miles an hour or climb a medium hill. To make sure that your motor will not overheat, watch the follow- ing points: 1. Make sure that the fan belt is not slipping. This is particu- larly important if the fan belt also drives the water pump. 2. Keep the radiator clean: A mud encrusted radiator does not cool properly. 3. Flush out the radiator occa- sionally to remove rust and dirt. 4. Examine the hose connec- tions before each long trip, as frequently the inside layer of rubber becomes separated from the fabric and obstructs the flow of the water. 5. Inspect the water level every time you take the car out. !

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48 Street Musicians Now Carry Radio Sets His skeleton umbrella acting as antenna, a radio receiver hanging to his belt, and a loudspeaker in his hand, the new street musician is ready to give a program. The radio hurdy-gurdy is rapidly taking the place of music boxes on the streets of Berlin. It’s a. paying business, too, judging from the prosperous appearance of the efficiently built vehicle above and its smiling driver A New Job for Women “Eyes front!” while the young ladies gaze into them. At the Pennsylvania State College of Optometry, Philadelphia, the feminine element has invaded the courses and is learning how to detect and treat eye troubles. The co-eds in the picture above are diagnosing patients in a clinic. They are enthusiastic about their work, and once more men in a profession are looking to their laurels with apprehension ~ The old boat (right) lay on POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 1926 (Curious Things Pony Stable Made from an Old Boat Seasick? Oh, no. For though these ponies live in a boat, it’s upside down and cemented fast to land. a beach of the Shetland Islands several years before its owner thoughtof this unusual plan Sub’s First Capture a Real Whale A-whaling they did go, though they didn’t intend to. When the submarine V-1 recently bumped into something hard off the Massachusetts coast, the crew found, bent around the ship’s bow, a giant whale, its back broken by the impact. The picture at the left shows them towing their first trophy into Provincetown harbor. Af- terward, they towed it back to sea and let it sink She Kills without Qualms Here’s one woman who isn’t afraid of bugs. Mrs. Maurice L. Condon, of White Plains, N. Y., (right), probably the world’s only woman bug exterminator, climbs to the tops of trees like a steeple- jack to rid them of insects. She wears a gas mask while at work, and has saved thousands of trees, often at the risk of her own life a Ne has Castle of Pots and Pans From old pots and kettles, a potter in Sagan, Germany, has constructed the surprising model of a ruined monastery (left) that draws many interested visitors. Built near his kilns on a hillside, it is made up of pots of many curious shapes. In the niches he has placed small statues Aust fr aa mu or n-~ oO woe ce -=oeso

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Courtesy of the Frick Company, Inc. A Hot Weather Hint? No, these children are not frozen in the blocks of ice, but crouching behind. It’s just a photograph to show how amaz- ingly clear ice can be made these days, by forcing air through it during the new process of freezing Huge Monument Looks Like Solid Bronze If the Statue of Liberty were set up today, the Goddess’ dress might have never a_ seam. Newark, N. J., recently unveiled a monument, “‘ Wars of America’”’ (right). Cast in Italy and brought here in sections, it was joined together by new methods of oxy-acetylene welding with such skill that it appears to be made of one piece of solid bronze POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY the World Over Battleship Built in a Lamp Bulb Amazing patience produced this miniature battleship built in an electric light bulb, recently shown in New York. Every particle was poked with ‘a tweezers through a minute hole in the bulb and then fitted in place. The ship was not made first and the glass fused about it, because the material of which the ship was made would have been destroyed by heat | King of Mouth Organists Make it loud enough and harmon- ica music is as good as a jazz band, in the opinion of Samuel Hayward, a police constable of Clapham, England, who has attached a loud- speaker to his favorite instru- ment, as shown in the picture below. He has added a small drum, too, and when Hayward starts, the neighbors take notice Around the World in a Motor Truck To win a bet the two Hollanders at the right, Engelsmann and Kumpers, started out on October 28, 1924, in a motor truck, to make a tour of the world. They must be back in their home country by 1934. So far the wanderers in their rolling home have visited nearly every country of Europe. so we may expect to see them over here soon The Whirling Stars Proof on a photographic plate that our heaven actually does move in a circle is now at hand. D. W. Morehouse, president of Drake University, exposed a plate recently from dark until dawn. The result was the strange picture at the left. The paths of stars had marked the plate like grooves in a phonograph record. Curiously enough, the negative shows that the North Star is not exactly at the North Pole. Its path is marked by the heavy ar¢ near the center of this remarkable photo

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Pe ee ee rene ene a ee POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 19%, Golf Right in Your Home on the World’s Finest Links! Pictures of the links on which he is ‘‘playing”’ appear in the long, narrow cabinet wis the remarkable indoor golf system shown in our picture, the player to all practical purposes is play} on an outdoor course. Though his ball brings up against a canvas curtain, eye shot is measured for direction and poten. tial distance on any well-known golf links he may select. Behind the canvas curtain is a large wire hoop covered with netti It takes the impact of your ball strikj the canvas, and transmits the force to an electrical contact. This contact starts g small motor in a cabinet containing a roll of pictures of fairway, woods, lakes and traps, each representing one hole of a golf course. An indicator slides along the pie. ture and records the distance of the drive and the “lie” of the ball so that the player may see what kind of club to use, Should the indicator show that the ball has landed in a sand trap, you play your next stroke from a special mat which pre. sents trap difficulties. If a ball is sliced or hooked, it strikes a part of the canvas marked “rough.” A green or white light shows if the drive was to the right or left, _ Richard H. Strasser, of Newark, N. J, is the inventor of this ingenious outfit, Slot Machine Makes Change EPPERMINTS, chocolates, taffy? To get the candy you like, you just drop a coin in the slot of the machine shown at the right,—any coin up to fifty cents—point an arrow to the candy you want, and the machine will drop the candy and your correct change into a pocket. This new vending machine, exhibited re- cently in Chicago, attracted much inter- est, especially its change-making feature. A Double-Ended Toothbrush ITH split handle, the two parts kept tightly together by friction, the new toothbrush shown in the illustra- tion has a brush at each of its ends. The larger brush cleans the outer surface of the teeth, while the small one is used for cleaning inner parts. When in use, the brushes are separated so that the hand need not touch either brush, but with the novel handle arrange- ment you will always find them together when you want them. The larger brush The handle snaps apart, is curved to fit separating the brushes the teeth. Saving the Vanishing Beaver EAVERS can be caught alive without injuring them by means of a trap recently patented by Vernon Bailey of the United States Department of Agriculture. . It is designed to catch the animals, not for their fur, but for propagation pur- poses, because they are vanishing rapidly. It gives you not only candy but change, too Gun Can Shoot 7,000 Yards HOOTING at the rate of 500 bullets minute with an effective range of from 4,000 to 5,000 yards, a new ma- chine gun may be able to wipe out an en- tire battery crew. It is a fifty-caliber Browning with a maximum range of 7,000 yards. A newly designed bullet with beveled, streamlined base is largely re- sponsible for the gun’s increased range. Most artillery used in the World War, having an effective range of from 4,000 to 6,000 yards, could not be reached by ma- chine-gun firing. These will now fall well within the range of the new gun and be made ineffective unless the range of the fieldpieces, too, can be increased. A TRANS-ATLANTIC Cable laid recently be- tween London and New York is sheathed in permalloy, a new material. This cable transmits 2500 letters a minute, ten times the rate heretofore. New Bush Trimmer Clears Paths OBODY ona farm is eager to tackle the job of cutting bushes. But it must be done once a year, at least the hedges along the highway, to com- ply with state laws. Kazimer Dombeck, of Am- sterdam, N. Y., has invented a bush trimmer to make the work easier. It will cut thick branches, also cornstalks or sugar cane. The machine is operated by hand, and, mount- ed on wheels, can be pushed over the ground easily. The cutting blades are arranged in pairs and-operated by means of a crossbar on a shaft. A shield throws the cut branches to one side. Just how the lopped branches are tossed to one side is shown in the picture at the right

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& BES EEFPILE TS etsa e of 1 en- liber Peter Pace, Rochester, N. Y., dentist who in- vented a system for operating railroad gates with magnets, ex- hibits his ingenious model Automatic Railway Gate Device ‘Uses Buried Magnets N AUTOMATIC gate buried in the ground and drawn up by powerful magnets to close the crossing when a train appears, is the ingenious invention of Peter Pace, a dentist of Rochester, N. Y. Needing no gatekeeper, he says that it would mean a great saving to railways No motors are needed to operate the gate. It is placed between two tall posts that bear white and red lights and a warning bell. When no train is coming, the white lights burn and the gate is underground covered with a protector flush with the crossing. An approaching train throws a switch that controls the mechanism. ‘Two giant magnets buried in the ground near the posts draw up the gate. The red lights appear and the gong rings. As the train passes, the wheels strike a trigger that shuts off the circuit and lets the gate down. Asout 25 percent of the anthracite coal resources of America has been mined. Boy’s Rubber-Band Airplane POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 51 Flies 135 Seconds STABLISHING a new record for in- door flight by a miniature airplane with a rubber band supplying the power, the winning plane in a tournament held recently succeeded in staying in the air for 135 seconds, or more than two min- utes. The model was built by a high school student In the same contest a rubber-band air- plane weighing only one eighth of an ounce and built by a fourteen-year-old boy stayed in the air for 100 seconds. The tiniest flying machine competing in the various classes was a one-tenth-ounce glider which sailed eleven seconds with no power at all. To prEvENT killing fish,in rivers of some mining regions, where acid drainage pours into streams from mines, the water is neutralized with lime, limestone or marl. This process saves many fish yearly. Safety at the Punch Press VVEEN the ram of the punch press above descends, the operator’s hands will be drawn back to safety. His wrists are fastened to a safety device, attached also to the ram, that pulls them back A Place for Your Pipe automatically. He has free use of his hands, when the ram is up, within a radius of the length of his arms. A Glass You Can Cut and Roll INDOW glass that rolls up and can be cut with a shears is a unique new material recently put on the market. It will be especially useful, it is believed, for covering windows and other openings in temporary buildings such as contractors’ shacks. Since it is practically unbreak- able, the same “glass” can be taken from one window and put in another and used repeatedly. It is translucent, and has a base of galvanized iron mesh. HIS new pipe rack keeps ashes from spilling where they aren’t supposed to be spilled. It is made of polished wood, accommodates either a straight or curved stem pipe, and a package of matches. World’s Biggest Locomotive Had to Be Split in Three HE world’s largest and most power- ful locomotive, put on the Virginian Railway recently, is an electric giant 152 feet long. In order that this great length could negotiate curves and otherwise be controlled efficiently, the locomotive had to be built in three sections, each section having a separate electric power unit installation. Each of the engine units has two driv- ing motors, the six engines giving the lo- comotive terrific power—7,125 horse- power. It can haul a loaded train almost two miles long. A remarkable feature of the new loco- motive is that it can generate electricity while taking heavy trains down steep grades and turn the power back into the transmission line. It weighs over a million and a quarter pounds. 04 WP 8%. To enable it to take curves, this gigantic locomotive of the Virginian Railway had to be built in three sections, each with its separate power AA LA unit. The driving wheels are more than five feet in diameter, and the husky men working in and about the colossal engine look like pigmies

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ee ee ee ee i YOU attend the Sesqui- 52 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 26,000 Lights Stud Giant Bell centennial Exposition at Philadelphia this summer, one of the first sights you will see is a mammoth illu- minated Liberty Bell hang- ing at the entrance to the Exposition grounds. It is studded with 26,000 hun- dred-watt lamps, enough to light a town of some 3500 homes. This great bell, con- Blaze of Brilliance at Sesquicentennial Greatest in History structed of wooden frame- work covered with sheet metal, forms part of a mag- nificent electrical display which is said to represent the greatest concentration of light in the world’s history. It is about fifty feet high, weighs forty-two tons, and is sus- pended from supporting towers seventy feet high. It stands as a symbol not only of the one hundred and fiftieth anniver- sary of American independence, but also of the marvelous electrical age encom- passed within the last half century. At the Centennial Exposition fifty years ago, Every visitor to Philadelphia’s great show this summer prob- ably will pass under this mammoth Liberty Bell hung over the entrance. It is part of the greatest concentration of light in the world’s history. In the lower illustration electricians are shown stringing up the lights that now completely cover the bell gas lighting fixtures were feature displays, and the incandescent electric light was still to be born. Other remarkable lighting effects at the Sesquicentennial are supplied by a bat- tery of twenty-six superpower search- lights with a total of more than eleven million candlepower. Their beams are visible more than a hundred miles away on clear nights. Repeating Detonator HE‘ fogs blotting out ordinary light signals have caused many severe railroad accidents, and especially in England, where fogs are frequent, new inventions are constantly being made to give engineers warning of danger ahead. One of these is the new automatic fog warner illustrated at the right. When a lever is pulled down, a detonator is laid on the track. When this is exploded by a train passing over it, the lever flops back and another detonator is placed on the track automatically, to warn the next train. What Invention Is Most Needed? tt nead time ago Poputar SciENcE Monrtuty began the creation of one of the most interesting books in Amer- ica, to be entitled ‘‘What’s Wanted.’ Its contributors are the readers of this magazine, and its contents consist of their suggestions for needed inventions. hat invention or inventions do YOU think are most needed? Mail in your suggestion. We will be glad to enter it with the many other ideas con- tained in this wonderful book. Warns Trains in Foégs Foreman setting the detonator, which repeats its fog warning for every train passing over it August, 1925 Any four-ounce ink bottle, says the maker, can be fitted with this fountain pen filler Pen Filler Fits Ink Bottles ITH fountain pens in such com. mon use, many persons use ink bottles now only to fill their pens. A new device, fitting on the bottle,makes this filling operation easy and at the same time keeps the ink clean and prevents its evaporation. When a plunger is pressed, a small glass cup at the side of the bottle is filled with ink, as shown above. When the plunger is released, after the pen is filled, what ink remains goes back into the bottle auto- matically. The plunger can be locked in position. The device is designed to fit any four-ounce ink bottle. Handy Churn Fastens to Wall ASTENED to the wall, this electric butter churning machine, invented by W. J. oe West, of El Paso, ™& Ark., is out of the way when not in use. The motor is said to use about a tenth of the cur- rent required to heat an_ electric iron. Besides churn- ing butter, the ma- chine may be used for pumping water from a well, pump- ing up automobile tires or operating an ice cream freez- er. It makes any length of stroke required, and the stroke may be raised or lowered without moving the machine. Trick Photographs Aid Building O THAT prospective builders may see for themselves just how a proposed building will look when erected in its future surroundings, a method of showing it in photographs has been devised. A picture is made of the site from a dis tance, showing the buildings in the neighborhood. A photograph is then taken of a cardboard model of the pro- posed building at the correct angle to fit in the picture of the site, and enlarged or reduced to fit the scale of the first photo- graph. From the composite of the two photographs, a new negative is made and a final print made from this. This churn can be con- nected in a few seconds

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 53 “A Shining Palace in the Sky” Skyscraper Illumination Creates Startling Effect Pocket Comb Has Sliding Cover OBBED heads require frequent comb- ing, especially after wearing a small hat. This comb has a sliding cover that acts as a handle, the small hinge on top holding it to the comb. The covering keeps the comb clean and saves pockets. Ingenious Inside Pipe Wrench ink ROM an inventor in Alaska, Fred E. new Bowman, of Anchorage, comes a new this inside pipe wrench and nipple chuck. time The picture shows it being used to remove - its a broken piece of boiler pipe. The wrench can be used on three sizes slass of pipe by insert- , with ing the jaw corre- er is sponding to the SE _ ink size of pipe. Since floodlighting this twenty-six-story San Francisco uto- the outside radius skyscraper with the strikingly beautiful effect shown d in of the jaw corre- any sponds to the in- New York Now Building go up in New York are being made leak- — age proof according to this new plan. it May Regroup Typewriter Keys Mo speed on the typewriter would jing be obtainable if the letters on the keyboard were arranged differently, ac- y a cording to psychologists in France. They oe have had typewriters hooked up to smoked 1 drums, and have studied the smoked wing paper to determine the intervals of time dis elapsing between hitting successive keys. : rs On the present standard keyboard, let- hae ters are arranged so that those most used then are within the easiest reach. Other ae things, though, the French investigators 4 are finding, are even more important. For a example, least time is lost, they say, when oto- two successive letters are struck by alter- be nate hands. So they suggest putting side radius of the pipe, it does not distort the shape of close nipples or nickeled tubing. It can be used on close nipples, radiator valve spuds, Q.D. tub- ing and any other round objects that an ordinary pipe wrench would crush, and also in some types of plumbing repair work. Removing a broken piece of boiler pipe i. white against the night sky, the upper part of this new sky- scraper in San Francisco looks like a shining palace set high on a mountain crag. In floodlighting the Pacific Tele- phone and Telegraph Company’s new twenty-six-story building, one of the finest structures on the Pacific coast, bat- teries of thousands of powerful lights are so placed that they send beams up against the white masonry, which almost totally reflects the rays. The tower of the build- ing, it is said, may be seen for miles around when illuminated. “Pusher” Shifts Cars About in Freight Yards JOR quick and convenient handling of freight cars in railroad yards, a new type of locomotive called a “‘pusher locomotive” has been put in service. It lines cars up on a track and pushes whole strings of. them about, replacing the large locomotives ordinarily used. Running on its own narrow gage track between two strings of freight cars, this small electric locomotive has arms ex- tending on both sides. These push against the buffers of cars on adjacent tracks. One arm may move a string of twenty-five empty cars at a time. Fascinating to watch, this little “pusher locomotive” lines up and shifts about to their proper places huge freight cars in a New York railroad yard. The “locomotive’’ runs on its own narrow gage track ‘*‘Waterproof’’ Skyscrapers KYSCRAPERS that don’t leak, as most of them have done up to the present, and let water seepage damage walls and furniture, are now being built in New York City by L. L. Melius, builder. Mr. Melius’ method is to run a narrow “raincoat” of waterproof felt around the building at every story under the thin layer of brick covering the intersections of the steel skeleton. It is through these bricks that the water usually soaks. “We decided we couldn’t prevent water coming through that thin screen of brickwork until someone invented water- proof bricks and mortar,” says Mr. Melius, “‘but we could drain the water all out again before it got to the inner plaster walls. We evolved, therefore, the rain- coat idea. Now, when the water soaks through the bricks; it runs along that felt just as if it were a gutter, and out again into the open air and finally harmlessly down the outer wall.” The last six or seven office buildings to half of the most used letters on the left side, and the other half on the right.

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seri ag NREL Washing Machine Fits in Sink So small and light that it can be picked up in one hand and set in the sink or bathtub, the alu- minum washing machine above runs by water power from the faucet. It is intended especially for washing out delicate lingerie, baby things, silk stockings, handkerchiefs and dainty laces Even Dust Is Handled Scientifically Where are dust mops shaken in your house? At the window, where’ the dirt blows in again? A novel dust receiver, in which the mop handle is shaken easily up and down in a slot, is shown above. It also has a large dust drawer at the bottom in which to empty your vacuum cleaner Safety Gas Burner Igniter Automatic relighting of the gas if it blows out is claimed for this new gas burner igniter. Turn- ing the gas cock, even accidentally, lights the burner, preventing any danger from escaping gas POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 19% Newest Devices to Rubber Broom Bumper Saves the Furniture Even the most careful worker, sweeping with an _ ordinary broom, occasionally scratches and mars fine furniture. A new rubber bumper to prevent this is shown at the right. It is easily and quickly put in place over the “‘ bumpy” part of the broom, and it sticks snugly in position Opens Cap Bottles Mothers who are busy these days putting up lunches for young picnickers may sur prise them by slipping on any cap bottle the little ring-shaped attachment shown below. Pulling the ring opens the bottle and releases a small tin fork Protects the Hands Women using the ingenious dishcloth holder above need not fear ‘those dishwater hands,” according to its maker. The cloth is held at the end of a handle by wire fingers Can Hide in a Hat Box This little electric washing machine for special laundering (right) weighs only twenty- two pounds. When not in use it may be kept on a shelf, for the lid can then be turned up- side down and fitted into it Service Panel for the Milkman > Notes for the milkman can be left safely i outside overnight in a slot in the handy milk bottle holder shown below. It re- ceives the bottles, too, keeping them safe from prowling cats and dogs. The ticket slot can be seen at the left of the panel jane mamtgpeceneteons Easily-Opened Ironing Table Without any bending or complicated bal- ancing, you can open or close the ironing table above with one movement. It has no wires or springs, is very compact, and the manufacturers say it is so rigid that you can sit upon the free end of it without tipping Aug

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August, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Lighten Housewor Rims for Pitcher Bottoms parr | Rubber rims slipped on the bottoms of jugs or buckets keep them from scratching sur- faces or marking carpets on which they are set. The rims shown in the picture below come in various sizes. They slip on easily, according to the maker, and stay snugly in place & PreventsCharring of Pot Handle To prevent charring of the handles of coffee pots, there is a small metal guard that can be slipped easily in place on the bottom of the handle. As shown above, it will not get in the way of your hand FAS eBISS Self-Shaking Corn Popper All the shaking necessary for corn popping is done by the stirrer attached to the lid of the corn popper shown at the left. When the lid is down, the knob in the top is turned briskly. The stirrer is thus kept constantly moving Electric Ironer with Handy Control Unusually easy control of this new electric ironer is said to be provided by the guide board across the front (under the operator’s hands in the picture). The slightest pressure on any point of the board will move the shoe to or away from the ironing roll Ironing Board in a Door Built in a door, the ironing board shown below is out of the way, yet needs no special cabinet in the wall. The carpenter can install it in your house in any ordinary doorway. Closed up, the door seems merely to have an unusual arrangement of panels To Rid Kitchen of Cooking Odors Even the odor of cooking cabbage is said to be killed if the novel vaselike room deodorizer shown above is hung on the kitchen wall. The device is made of clay, and acts on the principle of a sponge. A perfumed liquid is poured into it and is soaked up, the air of the room, it is said, being made delightfully fresh and clean in the process AR ARO eR eR rome RB SN Steam-Iron Saves Sprinkling Steaming clothes while it presses them, this new electric iron (left) is intended to do away with the job of sprinkling. From a reservoir in the insulated handle, water drops to the base, coming out as steam through many small holes and just moistening the fabric French Fryer with Basket Drainer A new kind of French fryer, shown above, has a wire basket which is immersed in the fat during the frying. The fat is then drained by lifting the basket out and supporting it in the in- genious way shown. The frying food is thus kept at the maximum heat while it is being drained Cooker-Oven Needs No Basting Equipped with a special bottom in which it fits, the enamel cooker above can be used also as an oven. Between the bottom of the cooker and the special base is a layer of asbestos. No basting is necessary, according to the maker. To brown the food, the vent in the lid is opened a few minutes nS ee

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a ~ CJ teres is ote up the B-bat- POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Hints for Radio Beginners How to Connect Up B-Batteries Other Pointers on Dials, Loudspeakers, and Radio Symbols _ ' teries is often puzzling to —A the radio beginner because so many wires must be run from the binding postsof the receiver to the B-battery. At the back of the aver- age multi-tube set there are any- where from seven to ten or more binding posts and after you have connected on the antenna, the ground and the A-battery where they belong, the rest of the bind- ing posts must be connected to the B-batteries. -Most amateur and factory built sets are now designed with the C-battery con- nected inside the cabinet in order to cut down the length of the grid leads, and so in most cases you will not have to consider the C-battery as far as the rear binding posts are concerned. The most common arrangement is three B-battery binding posts marked respectively, “—B”’, “+B DET ’’and “+B AMP’, but there may be other binding posts marked “+B 671%”, “+B 135” and so forth. In most sets used today, the B-battery requirements really call for a sufficient number of cells connected in series to give the maximum voltage needed to operate the last stage of audio amplifica- tion, and the other voltages are obtained by branch wires tapped in toward the plus end of the battery. With a standard type of set, therefore, the first job is to connect all the blocks of B-batteries in series, as shown in the ABC’s of Radio OST diagrams that show how to hook up the antenna, ground and lightning arrester to the radio receiver are based on ideal conditions, where the radio set can be placed right beside the window through which the antenna lead-in is brought into the house and a cold water pipe always seems to be convenient for the ground connection. The actual conditions surrounding mcst radio installations, however, are 1:0t so simple. Often the window throug. which the antenna lead-in must come is separated by two or three rooms from the only place where the set can be installed. And the radio beginner usually finds that the nearest cold water pipe is on the other side of the house. Under these conditions, you must be especially careful to run the an- tenna lead-in wire as directly as possible, and to avoid running it close to the ground wire or metal objects such as radiators, gas or electric fixtures or anything else that might by-pass the radio-frequency current. Se Voltages Should Add Up Correctly Connecting up the B-batteries is a simple matter if you remember first to wire them in series, which means in a row with a plus terminal to a minus terminal at every joint, and then, after this has been completed, add up the desired voltages from the minus end illustration. Then you connect the plus wires at the points where the voltages add up to the specified amount. Proper Loudspeaker Setting ANY types of loudspeakers are provided with an adjustment to regulate the space between the magnet and the armature, which in some speakers is the diaphragm and in others a tiny piece of iron linked with the diaphragm. This adjustment is to allow for the best possible setting under various conditions. The type or condition of the last tube in the set, the strength of the signal re- ceived, and to some extent the kind of material being reproduced by the loud- speaker, all affect the setting. The best setting is always at the point where the chattering just stops. * Some forms of cone type loudspeakers are made with what appears to be an adjustment screw at the apex of the cone. In most cases the purpose of the set screw or knurled nut is not to adjust the speaker unit. -It is used to clamp the link wire to the center of the cone so that in especially dry or damp weather the nut can be loosened to relieve the strain caused by the contraction or expansion of the paper. Consequently, if you have a loudspeaker built in this way, you will find it a good idea to loosen up the nut and then tighten it again whenever the weather changes. Be Sure to Get Right Dials F YOU buy some new dials, check up carefully on the direction of rotation of the condensers. Most makes of dials can be supplied with either right or left hand marking, and if you get dials graduated in the wrong direction for use on your condenser shafts you will 7, find that the high wave stations come in near the zero end of the dial and the low wave stations tune-in near the hundred mark, What the Symbols Mean LTHOUGH the variometer js not used as much as it was a few years ago, we are including it in our last installment of symbols for radio beginners, shown below. The symbol for the jack is just a sim. plified view of the instrument it represents. The rheostat is always repre- sented as a zigzag line as shown in the illustration, regardless of wheth- er the instrument it represents is of the wire-wound type or is made with carbon disks. The little arrowhead on the line near the zig. zag line indicates that the resistance is adjustable. When this is missing, the resistance is fixed and may be anything from a few up to as many as several million ohms. THE SYMBOL WHAT IT STANDS FOR A-BATTERY SWITCH Aus er @ @ so” a... dla a ae edn ie ee di-don ain oe ai ome alle “— ~- = © DD ©

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De eel

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY If Your Set Howls M ysteriously— Maybe It Is Air Vibration—How to Remedy It O MATTER how carefully your N radio set is built, whether at the ‘factory or at your home work- péench, there are certain troubles that may interfere with the proper reception of the proadcasting. Static, of course, is the source of most of our interference. But even if you exclude static and all troubles that arise outside the re- ceiver, such as grating and clicking sounds | caused by poor connections SCRAPING IALS By Aurrep P. LANE but the electrical effect is far worse when the tube is. acting as a detector. It is also true that tubes vary considerably in their reactions to vibration. In your radio set the vibrations from the loudspeaker strike against the de- tector tube and start it vibrating. Each AIR VaBRATIONS Kt AFFECTING Pigs DETECTOR TUBE <<< snnceu

either in the set or in the battery wiring, there are still noises that are the more mystifying because they are not easily traced. You may go along for siinniiie with the new radio set you have installed in your home and reception may be perfectly satisfactory as far as un- usual noises are concerned. Then some evening you will snap on the switch, tune-in your favorite station and settle back in your chair to enjoy the program. For a minute or two everything works as usual, but sud- denly you become conscious of a slight but steady high-pitched hum- ~ ming noise. The hum rapidly grows ‘louder and louder until it finally gets so. bad that the broadcasting’ is drowned in an ear-piercing wail. : Your first thought is that some- thing has gone wrong inside the cabinet, and so you turn off the switch and raise the lid. Perhaps you check up the wiring and do a little miscellaneous prodding around. Finding “nothing amiss, you throw the switch again and the whole performance re- peats itself. This elusive trouble is called “audio feedback.” Essentially it is an effect produced by the actual vibrations in the air that have their origin in the horn or cone of the loudspeaker. It is most likely to bother you. when. the loudspeaker is operating at full volume and particularly when the speaker is too near the radio set itself. When sustained vibrations in the air strike against a solid object, the latter is thrown into vibration at the same rate. The strength of the vibration produced depends on the material of which the object is made. Glass, for instance, takes up vibrations very readily because it is so perfectly elastic, while other sub- stances such as felt or cork act as dampers and are consequently used as_ noise absorbers. VACUUM tube such as is used in radio reception is a delicate piece of apparatus. Of necessity the elements inside the tube are light and subject to vibration. So if the glass tube itself vibrates, the elements in the tube are sure to vibrate also, and the electrical capacity of the tube changes in time with the vibration. This is true whether the tube is being used as a radio-frequency amplifier, detector or audio amplifier,

AMPLIFIED AIR VIBRATIONS SENT BACK THROUGH | LOUDSPEAKER ; AGAIN AND AGAIN . [)

FOOTSTEPS ff JARRING FLOOR U4 | — <— i Detector Tube Is Extremely Sensitive While the other tubes in your radio set also are affected to some degree by vibrations, the detector tube needs special protection to stop ringing and howling noises vibration is reproduced in the electric _ current flowing out of the tube into the audio amplifier, where they are amplified many times and sent on to the loud- speaker to be converted again into sound waves. The process really becomes a vicious circle and’ what started as a tiny hum develops into a terrific roar. There are two ways to get rid of the trouble. One is to move the loudspeaker far enough away- from the receiver so that the vibrations cannot start repeating

‘*Ear Muffs’’ Stop Vibration The glass tube cannot vibrate in time with the air waves when it is held in contact with a material like sponge rubber, felt or cork themselves, The other is to fix the tubes in the set so that the vibrations cannot affect them. Of the two methods, moving the loud- speaker is obviously the simpler. It may not be convenient ‘for you to do this, however, particularly as, when operating at considerable volume, the audio feedback may cause trouble with the speaker as much as fifteen feet away from the set. ND some of the ways in which audio feedback appears and dis- appears are weird enough to make the owner of a set thus afflicted think he has gone daffy. A tube may _ bein such condition that it is affected by the air vibrations when they come from a certain direction or with a particular intensity. You may find, for instance, that the howl grows weaker and disappears altogether when you change your position and stand on the other side of the table. Or you may find the same effect if you turn the loudspeaker part way

“| around. Sometimes a terrible howl that develops when the set is open will fade away after the lid is down. It: is believed by some radio fans . that a cushion-base socket will stop audio feedback. This is not true. Cushion or spring-base type sockets are valuable but not’as a cure for audio feedback. Their function is to eliminate the ringing noises that are caused by thumps and bumps on the floor or table and which ‘travel to the tube by way of the material in the table, the bottom of the receiver and the tube socket. ji YOU have trouble with these ringing noises every time somebody walks around in the room or when you touch the radio table with anything hard that will cause a metallic click, the remedy is the spring-base or cushion type of socket. Short of wrapping the whole set in a blanket or lining it with heavy felt, there is nothing that will stop a bad case of audio feedback except an “ear muff” type of socket such as is shown in the illustration at the left, or a homemade substitute constructed to accomplish the same result. In this particular type of socket, two light metal pieces are fastened to the base, and to the upper end of these pieces are fastened two pieces of sponge rubber. The same result can be attained by fitting a strip of brass to the base- board or sub-base of the receiver and gluing a piece of felt to the top of it in such a way that it will press lightly against the glass side of the detector tube. Touching the glass part of the detector tube will stop the howl if the trouble is really audio feedback. If you are having difficulty along these lines, it will be well to make this finger test be- fore you Start switching sockets,

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| How Croo

eT = BO ins As RRS Da YOUR JST one year ago, lacking a week or. two, I graduated from. an electrical trade school: A whole lot of things have happened ‘to me in a radio way since then, and J can assure you that some of them are not going to happen again if I know anything about it! Also, I am going to show you how I worked out my own particular problem and you can save yourself a lot of time and money by judging ac- cording to the same plan when you set out to have your radio set repaired. To begin with, radio has al- ways been a hobby of mine. So the day after I got my certificate proving that I was a competent electrician with special training in radio, I set out to find myself a job asa service man. I thought I was lucky because the first store I struck needed a man. There is no use in telling you where the store was—the owner of the busi- ness left the state rather hurriedly a couple of weeks ago anyway and they are putting in a soda fountain where the radio store used to be. “You're wise to this radio game, are you?” my future boss wound up ques- tioning me. “Sure thing,” I answered with plenty of confidence. ‘All right, I'll take you on,” he said briskly. “Here is a list of customers that called up yesterday and I promised ‘em I'd have somebody around to see them today sure. Get busy and be sure to bring home the bacon,” he added with a significant wink. I took the list and started out. The first customer was a cranky old lady who said her radio wouldn’t work. The batteries were on the floor under the table and somebody had evidently kicked one of the connecting wires loose. I clamped it back where it belonged and the set started “percolating” right away. The old lady was tickled to death. I made out a slip for what I'd done and got her to sign it. The next call was just about the same thing only it was one of the loudspeaker wires that had slipped out of the plug far enough to break the contact. The third was run-down B-batteries and I promised to bring up a new set that afternoon. The fourth call looked like a real repair job at first. It was a fine apartment on the Drive and the radio was a real high-priced outfit. I turned it on and tried to tune-in a station and the loudspeaker was as silent as the grave. But it really was nothing important after all. One of the dials, I noticed, worked kind of funny and I found that it had come loose on the condenser shaft and the plates didn’t move at all. A second’s POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

Only a Wire May Be Loose, But— It pays to go to a reputable service station, otherwise a gyp may look solemn and render a big bill for “repairing the works.”’ The accompanying article tells you how to protect yourself work with a screw driver and the set was as good as ever. ND so it went through the rest of the day. Practically all of the troubles were just little things that the owner of the set could have fixed in a jiffy. There was one loudspeaker that a heavy-handed owner had put on the blink by turning the adjustment too far. Luckily it was on the last call so I tucked it under my arm and headed for the shop. “How did you make out?” the boss asked as I walked in. “Fine,” I replied, handing him the slips and going back into the shop where I started in to pull the loudspeaker apart to fix it. I'd just got the unit off when the boss came rushing in muttering to himself and mad as a hatter. “Hey, you bone head!” he sputtered. “What do you think I’m running? A charity organization, eh? You said you was wise to the radio game and here you go and clean up all these calls without turning in a single one that there’s any profit in! You got something to learn about this radio business, kid. Get wise to yourself! Make all you can out of every job. It doesn’t matter if only a wire has come loose. Poke around a while inside and make ’em sign for ad- justing up a whole lot of things. You can get away with it and they don’t know the difference, see?” ie NO George Washington or any- thing like that but I didn’t intend to start out my business career working for a cheap skate swindler. “Guess you hired the wrong man,” I

August, 1926 ked Radio Men Steal MONEY As told to Joun E. Lopcer said indignantly. “I won’t bea crook for anybody!’ And with that I jammed on my hat, picked up my tool kit and walked out. It was a week before I located another job. I was keeping my eye open for gyp places and I passed up a couple of chances because they looked queer before I finally Janded with a radio concern that appeared to be first class. The store was fixed up in classy style and the repair shop was fitted up fine. It was an inside job I got. They made a specialty of overhaul. ing and rebuilding radio sets that were brought in by. the service wagon—at least that’s what they said in their advertising. I ncticed that there were a lot of sets parked on the shelves and benches, each one with a tag on it giving the name of the cus- tomer, the date it had been brought in and some symbols like they use in a good many stores to indicate the wholesale ~ and retail prices. Most of the repair jobs I did on the sets were trifling. In fact I couldn’t understand why some of the sets had been brought in to be fixed. I’d hook on a set of batteries and it would work fine right off the bat. Sometimes it was just a burned-out tube or a loose binding post or some other simple thing that the service man could have fixed >< -vell as not. I always wrote on the tag just what I found wrong and the boss - 1 look over what I had written witi 4 kind of a smile on his face and then.he u go in the office and make out a new tag with symbols on it. NEVER saw the customers at all. The boss and the one salesman he had took care of them. But one day while the salesman was out to lunch, the boss’s wife telephoned and he had to go out right away. “Tl be back in ten minutes,” he said tome. “Take care of any customers that come in, w!!! you?” And then I finally tumbled to what was wrong, for a customer came in and gave the whole business away. ““What in Sam Hill do you mean by charging me ten bucks just for looking at my set and putting one new tube in it?” he shouted. I happened to remember his set and he was right about nothing being wrong so I just sfalled and told him to come in when the boss was around. He decided to wait for him and you’d better believe he handed the boss a mouthful when he did show up! It was a slick scheme all right. A good many people that buy radio sets today know nothing about what goes on inside the cabinet so (Continued on page 119)

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———— ——E 92% August, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 59 | = en Lips tor Your Car ? Extra Headlight Turns with Wheel In going around sharp curves, the regular head- lights on an automobile usually do not illuminate ye the road adequately. a This small light (right) that is mounted on the for- up ward end of the frame near the bumper. A steel ted cable to the steering L knuckle automatically ‘eye turns it in the proper di- ssed rection to light the road use ally that bi Floodlights Roadsides Too “ve W. D’Arcy Ryan, of the General Electric | up Co., has just perfected a remarkable new got. headlight for automobiles, shown above, that hr aul. illuminates the road for 200 feet ahead and Tests T ™ Cells at Once that at the same time floods the ditches and The voltage delivered by a storage battery x signs on either side. And yet the glare is while under heavy discharge is an indica- ‘vice much less than with most of the present tion of the condition of the battery. This they types of headlights. No focusing is re- ingenious tester (left) shows the condition quired, and the light cest by it is said on a separate meter of each cell in use 1 | t to have excellent fog-penetrating powers 0 tere and ' 4 on - semanas Cus- been ibols nany esale | | did fact > of > be sand fe bat. tube other | could ro New Cotter Pin Puller, -,, A Tool for Odd Corners > an The handles of this useful tool are ; had gripped like a pair of pliers. Ig{yjo-n]) Above: pers ~ — nafs pai ; face made with two jaws that will fares .f | Reser a: aane wae make Sem ae ihe ae So a 5 the handle. It is handy for picking Handy Auto Washer Simple Electric Clock up washers, cotter pins or nuts when Attached to the end of the hose in place of they have fallen into inaccessible the usual nozzle, the device pictured above Every thirty seconds, a magnet places such as an engine crankcase loosens up the dirt and washes it away with L all. inside this clock (right) winds it much less work than is required when a e had up again so that it always runs sponge is used on a car in the ordinary way le th uniformly. The current used from € le the battery is such a small quan- YOSS S tity that it hardly can be measured » out > said ; that what 1 and in. by oking be in t and Tire Lock Holds Wedge in Place vrong Above: This ingenious lock foils the tire me in thief by jamming the wedge in place so that cided it cannot be removed in order to take the j li spare tire off the carrier. It is of very heavy eleve construction and would be difficult to break en he —— Cc Cl Remarkable Garage Door Holder good ovel Gear Case eaner Left: The door locks automatically when today This short pump is fitted with a gooseneck intake it is fully open. To release it, you simply inside Pipe that will reach to the bottom of the differen- push the door beyond the catch point, i 19 tial housing. Pushing the handle in and out pulls which compresses a spring allowing the e 119) the grease or oil out of the differential by suction catch to disengage and the door to close

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60 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 1926 Washing an Auio RIGHT Isn’t So Simple, Says Gus—How to too!” growled Paul Murray in winding up a heated tirade against auto manufacturers in general and the makers of his own car in particular. He glowered at his shabby-looking car as he turned to Gus Wilson for sympathy. “Aw, forget it,” suggested Gus dis- gustedly. “If the finish on this car is on the blink it’s your fault. Why didn’t you take better care of it? You seem to think that a paint job. ought to last forever even when you leave the bus standing for days at a time in the hot sun with half the mud in Benton County caked on it. “Tf you think the factory did a bum job on your car, just come in here and I'll show you something,” he finished, leading the way toward the back of the Model Garage where Joe Clark, his partner, was checking up the work that had been done on a customer’s car. “Take a look at that bus,” said Gus. “Tt came out of the factory about the same time yours did, and the speedometer shows as many miles. Like new, isn’t it?” Murray silently inspected the car Gus pointed out. He glanced at the speed- ometer. “Gee whiz, Gus! I can hardly believe it,” he exclaimed wonderingly. “How in blazes did he ever keep it so new? I'll bet he never takes it out if it even looks like rain!” “TVUMPH!” growled Gus. “The owner of that car goes out in any kind of weather. Rain doesn’t stop him any more than it would a duck.” ‘Let me in on the secret, Gus,” Murray begged. “I certainly can see I’ve got something to learn about keeping a car.” “Glad to,” replied Gus. “There really isn’t an awful lot to it once you get a good idea of what you are trying to do. The first thing to remember is that it’s a whole lot better to give your car a little atten- tion quite often than it is to wait until the car gets so bad that the womenfolk won't go out with you any more. “And then you must always remember that what looks like nice, soft road dust A ND I ought to sue ’em for damages, * Just look at that motor!” said Gus, as he raised the hood of the car. “It’s clean enough to put in your front parlor as an ornament! That’sthewaycostly machineryshouldbekept” is really ground-up sand—in fact, if you glued it onto a flat surface you could use it for sandpaper. The rough particles in dust will scratch- hardened steel, and the paint, enamel or lacquer finish on your car is a whole lot softer than hard steel. “Really, the whole trick in cleaning a car is to get the dirt off it without scratch- ing off the finish, too. A fresh coat of dry dust is easy to remove. Keep Your Car in the By Martin Bunn “After you have it wet down, and the caked mud has turned to a soggy brown color showing that the water has soaked into it, go over the surface with a sponge and soapy water. A fistful of soft, yellow auto soap dissolved in a pail of water is strong enough. Cold water is all right but it is better to have it luke warm— don’t have it hot. You will find that the mud will loosen up and then when you flow a lot more water over the surface the particles of mud and the soapy water will be carried away leaving a clean, wet surface. Don’t make the mistake of trying to soap the whole car at one time. Do a few square feet and then flow off the mud and soap because if you try to go all around the car with the soap you will find that it has dried in streaks by the time you get around to where you started. “Wait a few minutes after you have run off the last of the soap and mud and then You can flick if off with a feather or wool duster. But dust in the form of mud that has dried and caked on sticks to beat the band.” “CO I’ve found,” Mur- ray broke in. “And if you try to rub it off the paint comes with it —or at least all the gloss anyway.” “Don’t try to rub it off,” Gus went on. “The way to get rid of dry mud is to soften it with soapy water so it will come off with a very gentle rub with a soft sponge. Don’t be afraid to use plenty of water when you are washing a car. Let the mud alone until the water has had time to soak into it thoroughly. Take the nozzle off the hose before you start so that the water can run out in a gentle stream. If you stand off about ten feet and squirt it the force of the stream drives the gritty dust right into the paint. Right: with a Before removing dried mud, soften it thoroughly with water, taking the nozzle off the hose so the water comes out easy, in a gentle stream The coating of dirt and grease on the running gear can usually be re- moved by painting it with kerosene (left) and a few hours later wash- ing with soapy water After the mud is softened, the surface should be gone over sponge and soapy water. spray the soapy water off and go over the car with a chamois skin get busy with a piece of chamois skin and re- move all the little drops of water that remain. If you let them dry on the finish they will leave spots.” “@NOSH!” exclaimed Murray. “That’s a whale of a lot of work to be done every time I get home from a ride.” “Who said every time?” Gus grunted. “It’s much better to avoid washing if possi- ble. Of course if you have been out in the rain and the car is covered with mud, the . best time to wash it is right away before the mud has a chance to get hard. But if you make a practice of going over the whole car with a duster every time you put it away in the garage, you can go for weeks at a time without washing it at all. And if the car is not dusty, the rain won't spot it so bad. (Continued on page 112) Then

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NN ‘pugust, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 61 Beautiful, Sanitary Floors at low cost and upkeep LEAN, bright, well-kept floors are the foundation of an attractive in- terior. NOW you can have them easily, quickly, inexpensively with the Johnson Wax treatment. It cleans, sanitates and polishes—all in one easy operation. It takes only a few minutes—there is no hard work—no stooping —no messy rags and pails, The Johnson Wax treatment is just the thing for every floor—old or new —of wood, linoleum, tile or composition. And it makes no difference how the floors are finished —whether with varnish, shellac, wax or paint. A coat of Johnson's Wax polished with the Electric Floor Polisher will improve their appearance wondrously. It eliminates costly refinishing. And keeps bacteria-laden dust down out of the air. Ten times quicker and better than by hand—this marvelous labor-saving machine polishes all floors to burnished brilliance. Polishes under low-built pieces of furniture without moving them. For $2.00 a day you can rent a Johnson Electric Floor Polisher from your neighborhood store or from your painter. Or, you can purchase one for $42.50 (in Canada $48.50). With each polisher we give FREE a % gal. of Liquid Wax and a Lamb’s-wool Wax Mop. S$. C. JOHNSON & SON RACINE, WISCONSIN “The Floor Finishing Authorities” (Canadian Factory, Brantford) Nebraska State Capitol Lincoln Or Ben CLUBS OFFICES ae HOTELS ios Bitine— HOSPITALS INSTITUTIONS APARTMENTS HOMES STORES FREE- 25¢ Book on FLOORS Please send me Free your new 25c Book which tells how co treat floors of all kinds |} for — wood, linoleum, rubber, or tile. FLOORS Name.... Address... OE SIONS ocovsiaciceaes - ean (Mail to S. C. Johneon & Son, Dept. P. S., Racine, Wis.) 8-26 rrrrrrircrctrcircrcrcrcyrI©OCOC.S IC ry yyy Titi yy The Johnson Wax treatment is respon- sible for the floor beauty and economy in many of the largest and finest build- ings in the United States and Can —including the three pictured above. JOHNSON'S WAX. Electric floor Polisher © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 1925 Handy Kinks for Your Auto A Gocart for Your Battery Fig. 1. Carrying a storage battery is a back - breaking job. This is the way it was made easy by a garage man who has a lot of bat- teries to handle during the day is an extremely difficult piece of apparatus to handle. Aside from the fact that it is very heavy for its bulk, there is always the possibility that the sides and top of the battery will be covered with a film of acid-soaked dust. Consequently the man who has to handle the battery hesitates about lifting it in such a way that the weight will be partly supported by the body. Such a procedure would be ruinous to good clothes, and even a pair of overalls will go to pieces very quickly if exposed to acid rot. One battery service man has solved the problem by building himself the ingenious little hand truck shown in Fig. 1. It was made from a length of pipe, a piece of bent angle iron and the wheels from a broken kiddie car. Ley the spare tire rack is built to hold only one extra tire and rim, the usual way to carry two spares on long trips is to strap the extra spare to the one that is \ AUTOMOBILE starting battery bolted to the tire carrier. If, how- 4UBE TURNED RIGHT SIDE OUT AND READY TO RECEIVE TOOLS ever, your car is fitted with rims made with lugs attached, Fig. 2 shows how to carry a spare neatly without straps. T-head bolts are °™4 tools. It will not chew to pieces used and sections of half-inch pipe are cut the right length to be spacers between the two tires. They should be long enough so that the rubber does not touch. Use at least three bolts on small tires and four or five on the larger sizes. HE very serviceable tool bag shown in Fig. 3 is made from a piece of an old inner tube. Cut the tube about 11% times the length of the longest tool that you want to put in it and then turn it inside out as shown. Fold neatly and compactly at one end, and bind as tightly as possible with a heavy rubber band also cut from the old tube. Turn right side out again, and, after inserting tools, close the end with another rubber band. N ORDER to prevent the wear caused by the heels on the floor mat just back of the clutch and brake Fig. 3. A section of an old inner tube makes an excellent pedals, a tough wearing surface must be used. One of the cheap, metal step plates sold in the bargain stores is ideal for this purpose. Fasten it to the floor with the turned-up edge toward the dash, as shown in Fig. 4. DJUSTING the brakes is a job that usually requires the services of two men—one to hold the brake pedal down while the other adjusts both brakes so that they take hold at the same time. As shown in Fig. 5, a device can be eas- ily built that will make it a one-man job. A half-inch standard turnbuckle can be fitted with special sheet metal pieces shaped as shown, so that one will rest securely on the foot brake pedal while the other rests against the edge of the driver’s seat. Turning the turnbuckle Wy 1 Fig. 2. T-bolts, nuts and short sections of pipe make it easy to take along an extra spare tire bina? > serviceable holder for @,, GEAR SHIFT Al) LEVER Yo STANDARD NS Nee TURNBUCKLE_ Fig. 6. A lock of this type will prevent un- authorized use of your car, yet permits pushing Fig. 5. This simple tool makes brake adjustment a one-man job. Heavy sheet metal feet are used IGNITION Wi RES ,/STRI 8) 4 Fig. 7. Tie wires with string to help you re- member the binding post to which each belongs Fig. 8. A rolled-up inner tube will act as shock absorber if a spring should weaken Fig. 4. Your rubber mat will last longer if protected by a cheap metal step plate How to Carry Two Spares; a Tool Bag from an Old Tube Lily — ee Ten Dollars for an Idea! OWLAND L. Hill, of Saginaw, Mich., wins the $10 prize this month for his suggestion of a prac- tical way to carry two spares (Fig. 2). Each month Popu.ar SciENcE MontTaty awards $10 in addition to regular space rates to the reader send- ing in the best idea for motorists. Other contributions that are published will be paid for at usual space rates. will permit holding the brake pedal down as desired while the brakes are adjusted, * pegnenesie the gear shift lever in neutral is a good way to prevent unauthorized use of your car, and a number of cars are now regularly fitted with transmission locks to accomplish this purpose. An ordinary hasp bolted to the floor board and with the end bent up as shown in Fig. 6 will do very nicely if notches are cut in the bent-up portion to permit the bolting of the end of the hasp to the gear lever with an ordinary bicycle lock. Of course, such a lock will not stop a thief armed with a hacksaw. iy IS simple enough to disconnect the wires and remove any part of the ignition system of an automobile, but the trouble comes when you try to re- place the part and connect it up properly. Unfortunately, wire ter- minals all look alike and unless you mark them there is no way of telling to which binding posts they should be fastened. One simple way is to take a piece of string and as you disconnect a wire tie a knot around it as shown in Fig. 7. All you have to do is to remember the order in which you remove the wires—a simpler job than writing out a sep- arate tag for each one. If you are disconnecting wires at widely sep- arated points, use a _ different piece of string for each group. N OLD inner tube rolled up and wired to the center of the axle as shown in Fig. 8 can be used to prevent the frame from coming down solidly on the axle when you drive over an exceptionally heavy bump. It will also prove useful in case you break one or more of the front spring leaves. In the latter case, the tube should be rolled as tightly as possible and se- curely wired in place so that the con- stant pounding of the frame will not force it out of position. Of course if the spring leaves have broken in such a way that the pieces do not even keep the axle in position sidewise, you will have to use a piece of rope lashed around the shackles and the center frame to keep it lined up properly. At any rate you should drive with caution when anything is broken. Au : | a age cares REPS Ne Cae ee Tee T homers" " TET

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August, 1926 Brushing AN—the “Smiler,” we call him D now—came hustling into the lab- oratory this noon, holding a small, attractively labeled can. “Mother wants to know,” he said, “whether this new brushing lacquer is any good. The paint store man told her it would dry in fifteen minutes—that it had so many advantages everyone was buying and using it. What do you think about it?” “Well, Dan, that particular brand is fairly good. Brushing lacquers are less than a year old, so far as the market is concerned. Some brands are good; others not so good—and some are very bad in- deed. I have tested those put out by the bigger companies, and while the claims of some are rather extravagant, yet there is no doubt in my mind that really fine brushing lacquers are being developed. A good lacquer not only dries almost im- mediately, but if it is properly applied, it gives a beautiful, lustrous surface of the greatest durability. There is no question Lacquers How to Make the Best Use of the New, Quick- Drying, Mar-Proof Finishes By Ratpeu G. WarInG Specialist in Furniture and Auto Finishes POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 65 about the revolution- ary nature of the new finishes. ““At present some of the manufacturers who have no especial reputation to keep and are more inter- ested on cashing in on the demand for lacquers than in main- taining a high standard for their products, have put out lacquers that dry too fast, so that they cannot be brushed at all. Other lacquers have the fault of streak- ing; some smell badly, which, though ‘troublesome, is usually harmless; some attack the under surfaces and act as do varnish removers, thereby destroying the finish over which the new lacquer has been applied. “T mention this because it would be a great pity if a finishing product that promises to be such a help to home painters—to everyone interested in keep- ing his home shipshape—should Applying the Lacquer Mr. Waring giving a dresser case a coat of transparent brushing lacquer (above). Note how the brush is held. It is fully loaded with lacquer. The panel is brushed from left and right toward the center, starting at the top; then the cross rails and finally the legs are finished. The first step in lacquering a chair is illustrated at the right be judged at the start by the poorest -brands, rather than the best. It is essential to buy a lac- quer that bears the label of a manufacturer of recognized repu- tation. It is equally necessary to know how to apply the lac- quer, because it is not at all like Home Worksho Arthur Wakeling, Editor 3) After the lower part of the chair has been lacquered, it is turned right side up so that the back and seat can be finished the customary paint, varnish or enamel. “This lacquer you have brought in is a clear, or transparent brushing lacquer. You will find that no other material you have used will brush or ‘handle’ as does this lacquer.” I then showed Dan how to pry up the can cover carefully part way all around the top of the can, in order to allow the sawdust caught under the rim to be blown out. The cover was taken off and the edge of the container wiped clean. Every- thing about finishing must be clean and dust proof. And just here is another ad- vantage—lacquers dry so fast that the surfaces remain relatively dust-free. “TT CERTAINLY smells funny, doesn’t it, Mr. Waring? Looks like a fine, pale varnish, but do you know I rather like the odor.” The best brush to use, I explained to Dan, was a soft-bristle type—fitch or bear—full chisel in shape. The black china brushes generally sold were not, in my judgment, satisfactory. “Well, Dan,” I said, “suppose you try one of these old chairs I am putting through for a practical experiment in the use of brushing lacquers. I sanded them to the raw wood, so that none of the old finish remained—just as you did on your mirror and table (Furniture Refinishing Made Easy, in the March, 1926, issue). After that I used a water stain to produce a mahogany color. A water stain was necessary because the usual penetrating stains cannot be used beneath lacquer.” The solvents of lacquer, I explained, attack stains of the ordinary prepared type and dissolve out (Continued on page 88) Turn to page 68 for the continuation of the Home Workshop Department.

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Detter

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY — [If

hop Method How Expert Mechanics Save Sime and Labor S| August, 19%

&

How Well Can You Grind a Drill? Grimes Gives Valuable Tips to Help You in Making Holes in Various Materials—Importance of Using a Gage in Sharpening ° H, IT’S easy enough to grind a drill so it will cut. Anybody can do that!” assured Mr. engineer. “That is true, with reservations, Har- vey,” responded the older man. “ Yet few in the shop realize just how the actual grinding of a drill affects its cutting action. The average man in sharpening a drill simply grinds the two cutting lips (A and B in Fig. 1) to produce a keen edge, at the same time keeping the angles C and D equal. All he uses for a gage is his eye. Then he grinds the clearance E according to his own no- tion of what this should be and lets it go at that. “Now, if you were to go to the tool crib and get a half-inch drill and the drill was dull, you would naturally take it over to the grinding wheel to sharpen it. The man who used the drill last may have ground it several times until the angles at A and B may be anywhere from fifty to sixty-five degrees instead of fifty-nine degrees as they should be. Then you grind it (without a gage, perhaps) and keep the angles as they were. Do you think you will get as good results as with a properly ground drill?” rat WEL, answered Harvey thought- fully, “I think that two or three degrees wouldn’t make very much differ- ence in the cutting; but I know of men who believe that a more acute angle on the point of the drill produces a straighter hole, especially when drilling cast iron in which there are likely to be blowholes. Is that really the case?” “The angle of the drill point, when sent out by the manufacturer,” answered Grimes, “is about fifty-nine degrees, and while there is some difference of opinion as to the exact angle, it is generally con- ceded to be suitable for most purposes. The clearance angle is usually about twelve degrees.” “Do you really think, Mr. Grimes,” asked Harvey, “that a little variation from these angles makes any serious dif- ference; I mean enough so that it would be noticeable in production work?” “No, not a small variation,” replied Grimes. “The danger lies in accumulated errors caused by different men grinding the drill without checking the angles with the gage now and then.” He made a rapid sketch on a piece of paper, like Fig. 2. “Now, look here, Harvey. young Harvey Smith Grimes, the production This is an By A.Bert A. Dowp Consulting Engineer x E 1 Y Mr. Grimes draws a poorly ground drill for Harvey

OF (Si at s0/ | | NG 5 ss

exaggerated case in which the drill has been ground to a very acute angle. You see how much longer the cutting lip is from A to B than if it were ground proper- ly to the angle as shown by the dotted lines, where the length of the lip would only be from A to C. You can easily understand that a long lip, A-B, would require more power than a short one, A-C, and the torsion or twisting would be greater so there would be more like- lihood of breakage. Also, the point would break down more rapidly.”

There’s a Lot to Drilling FIG.1

If a mechanic guesses at the angles C and D and the clearance E (Fig. 1), he is practically certain to deviate from the standard form and may _ even approach the shape shown in Fig. 2

“T can see that plainly enough when you exaggerate the angle as you have done here,” said Harvey, “but at the same time it doesn’t appear to me that a small variation would have much effect in actual practice.” “True enough,’ admitted Grimes, “vet experiment has shown that the angles mentioned are the best for all ordinary work, and the more you depart from these angles the less efficient is your operation and the more frequently you have to grind the drill. Why not grind to the gage and do it right? It is very little more trouble.” “Oh, yes, I suppose so,” replied Harvey, “‘but it’s a nuisance to be bothered with the gage all the time. I always watch my clearance angles because if I don’t the drill won’t cut, but I never bother much about the lip angle as long as it looks right.” “Yes, the clearance is also im- portant. If you have too much clearance your drill will chatter and probably chip out or the lip will break because it will dig into the work. In very soft metal a little more clearance is necessary—a little less on hard metal. The clearance at the point of the drill, of course, should be a little greater than at the outer edge. HERE is another vital reason why you ought to use the gage in grind- ing (see Fig. 3, page 95). If you want to get a true hole of the right size, the point A must be central so that both lips are the same length. Otherwise you will get an oversize hole as shown in this sketch.” “Tf I can gain anything by doing it, I will use a gage hereafter,” Harvey agreed. “Tl tell you one thing,” Grimes con- tinued; “the man who succeeds is the one who takes advantage of the things that other people have found out by costly experiment. Neglect of these important points makes a failure of a job that would otherwise be a success. A careless work- man has no business in a machine shop.” “There’s a job over there on the floor that is causing us trouble, Mr. Grimes,” Harvey remarked, pointing to a large pile of flat brass plates 4 by 4 by 8 in., as shown at A, Fig. 4. “There are six quarter-inch holes to be drilled. We drilled a few and sent them to the assembling department. They (Continued on page 95) ANY time-saving shop ideas are contained in the continuation of the Better Shop Methods Department, to be found on pages 92 to 95 and 103.

Aus

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ly d- to at he un August, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Here’s a handy handful “If I didn’t have ’em in my chest, there’s a lot of little jobs around the place that never would be done. “There’s the No. 94 Combina- tion Square. That’s seven tools all by itself—a square, plumb and level, height, depth and marking gage, miter and rule. “There’s the No. 152 Hacksaw Frame. The adjustable handle —sets in 13 different positions — makes that a lot different from most Hacksaw frames. “And, there’s the No. 500 Steel Tape, the No. 108 Aluminum Line Level, the No. 560 Insu- lated Handle Pocket Screw Driver — greatest thing on the light circuits you ever saw—the No. 181 Cabinet Scraper, the No. 93 T Handle Tap Wrench —best little tool in the world for hand taps, small drills, reamers, etc. — the No. 195 Double-lip Countersink, and the No. 265 Nail Sets — made square so they won’t roll. That last is quite an item, too.” Send for free copy of Catalog No. 23 ‘*W’’. THE L. S. STARRETT CO. W orld’s Greatest Toolmakers Manufacturers of Hacksaws Unexcelled IS) Steel Tapes—Standard for Accuracy ATHOL, MASS. 9309 Use Starrett Tools IS) This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. -See page 6.

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68 | A POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Broom Cabinet August, 1936 SOMETHING EVERY e KITCHEN NEEDS You Can Make This Vacuum Cleaner Cupboard at Low Cost— How to Give It a Porcelainlike Finish in Lacquer or Enamel HERE to put the broom, V V vacuum cleaner, mop, duster, and other cleaning appli- ances and materials is a problem in many kitchens. The best solution in most cases is to build a special broom cabinet. The broom cupboard has, indeed, won a place in the modern kitchen comparable to the kitchen cabinet. It does not require much space, yet it holds a surprising quantity of cleaning equipment in an orderly and accessible way. Like the kitchen cabinet, the broom cupboard has been developed into a more or less standardized product. The design. illustrated embodies the best features of commercial designs, yet can be built at a relatively small cost for materials. It has been worked out in such a way as to avoid difficult joints or anything requiring special skill in cabinetmaking. The joints are all of the “butt” or boxlike variety. The door facing and the end panels are not set into grooves in the conventional manner, but are planted on the surface of their supporting frames, which is by far the simpler method. To make the work still easier, a blue- print has been prepared showing drawings of the cabinet in more detail and on a much larger scale than those accompany- ing this article, and also containing full size details of the corner construction, door, and door rack ends. Fully as val- uable is the complete bill of materials, which shows the actual size of each part to correspond with the letters on the accompanying illustration. This blue- print, which is No. 49 in the Home Work- shop series (see page 81), can be obtained by sending 25 cents to the Blueprint Service Department, Poputar SclENCE Monta y, 250 Fourth avenue, New York. Two new features have been incorpo- rated into this blueprint. One is a sug- gested order of operations. This is a sort of abbreviated job sheet, which tells the way to carry the work through in orderly progression from beginning to end. The other addition is a suggested list of tools. HE cabinet can, of course, be made with more or less tools than those mentioned on the blueprint, and the more experienced home woodworker will use his judgment in selecting the tools to use, as in all other problems that arise; but the beginner, who, perhaps, has never at- tempted to construct something of this type, will find the list of tools, as well as the order of operations, helpful. The framework can be made of white- wood, fir or any other suitable soft wood. The 4-in. thick three- or five-ply sheets of wood used for the door facing, end panels, and back can be fir, which is, perhaps, the most easily and cheaply obtained. As it is intended that the cabinet iY 7] 4 I i lH No modern kitchen is complete without a cabinet to hold the vacuum cleaner, broom and mop should be finished either in enamel or wood lacquer, the kind of wood is of no great importance, provided it is smoothly finished and free from imperfections. As thefacing R of the door rests against the front framework (stiles C and rails L), it is obvious that offset hinges and an offset catch are necessary. Ice box hinges and catches of this type can be purchased at the larger hardware stores. Straight hinges and a straight catch can be r 24° + -—— 17 —__> I LIne X-X 1 CROSS SECTION OF DOOR Front, side and plan views of the cabinet and the construction of door and door rack used, however, by preparing pieces of plywood of the same thickness as the door facing R to fit underneath the standing part of each hinge and under. neath the keeper of the catch. If pre. ferred, a lock may be placed inside the door, in or on the stile F, to be opened with a knob or key. The first step in finishing the cabinet is to sandpaper the woodwork as smooth as possible and round all the edges and corners 4 in. to prevent. the enamel or lacquer from chipping off after it is dry. , one of the new brushing lacquers is to be used, first apply a coat of dilute white or orange shellac and let it dry three hours. Make up a putty of one part white lead and two parts whiting thinned with a few drops of japan drier and work until soft in the hands. Fill all nail holes, cracks and dents and give the putty time to dry hard, after which sandpaper the case smooth with No. 00 paper and dust it off carefully. Wash out a 2-in. fitch brush in lacquer thinner and dry it. Then lacquer all the panels with as little brush work as possible. Apply the lacquer the short way of the panel and keep the strokes straight. Lacquer the cross rails next and the stiles and legs last. Finish one side completely before proceeding to the next. Let stand until thoroughly dry, prefer- ably three hours, and apply a second coat, which should be allowed to dry overnight. Brushing lacquer, when dry, may be rubbed with a felt pad, FF pumice stone and water, if desired, just as if it were varnish. If you can obtain No. 6-0 or No. 8-0 water sandpaper, it will be found a help, especially where the rubbing must be done in a straight line. If sandpaper is used, a very light finishing rub may be given with the FF pumice stone, felt pad and water. For an enamel finish, brush on a coat of good varnish to “size” the wood. Let dry overnight or until hard and sand- paper with No. 00 paper, if you wish, remembering that a smooth enamel coat will depend entirely upon a smooth under surface. Putty all holes and dents with one- third white lead and two-thirds whiting and a, few drops of varnish rather than linseed oil. When hard, sandpaper smooth. Apply a coat of half undercoater and half enamel, white or colored as desired, using a 2-in. fitch brush or other soft- | bristle brush. Let dry until hard and give a second coat of undercoater. Wash the brush clean with fresh turpentine and dry thoroughly. : Then, when the undercoater is dry, brush on an enamel coat. Run a stroke around a panel, brush crosswise, then finish the pane! by (Continued on page 69) _ - we 2h 2 ie, “ae te ae ek 6 a le ee ta ee we C5 .@ %>-R fol oe ee TT om~- 62 me m™ Cte | ee ~~ ee ell wees Beet

Page 65

ide er- nd Iry yne ere or ind ust per yad oat nd- ish, oat der ne- ing nan per and ed, oft- i sive the dry Iry, oke hen 69) August ° 1 926 a POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 69 mie biome Workshop A Fence Hurdle You Can Quickly Nail Together HIS hurdle is one of the simplest that can be made for crossing a woven or barbed wire fence without the use of a gate. Three horizontal bars are nailed to a post to form the steps and are braced with two vertical pieces and two diag- onals placed as indicated.—G. A. LuERs. Making a Saxophone Stand WANTED a neat stand for my saxophone but found the only kind I could buy was one with a base altogether too wide for the top* of the piano or bookcase. To meet my needs, I devised the stand illustrated from the base of an old globe and a stout wire. The base was re-varnished and the wire gild- ed attractively.— C. L. MELLEr. The finished stand Easily Built Broom Cabinet (Continued from page 68) stroking from the top halfway down and from the bottom halfway up, so that the brush leaves the panel lightly at the center. Lay on the enamel evenly so as to avoid sagging. Enamel all cross rails, after which brush out the stiles of the doors and the leg frames. One or more coats of finishing enamel may be applied at five-day intervals. When the enamel is thoroughly dry, it may be rubbed with a felt pad, FF pum- ice stone and water. If a flat finish is desired without the trouble of rubbing, an eggshell enamel should be used in the first place. The broom cabinet was designed by George F, Kaercher, for many years a furniture factory superintendent. The lists of operations and tools were arranged by Charles A. King, one of the leading authorities on construction in wood. The finishing specifications were prepared by Ralph G. Waring, consulting chemist and wood finishing expert, of Syracuse, N. Y. Over 4OO Tons of Metal Rising Like a Mammoth ‘Joy / “To Good Tools it Owes its Ease of Operation and Cpparent Lightness ® Three short blasts from the ship’s whistle,— the rumble of gears in the bridge house,—and, in less than one minute, the huge bridge smoothly lifts itself clear of the channel. | In bridge construction the smallest details must be planned and executed with extreme care. Upon the accuracy of its many members, A \ depends the success of the completed bridge. On work of this kind where accuracy is important, you will always find Brown & Sharpe Tools at work proving their High Quality. Ask your dealer for poy Mig Fae Ae cee supply you, write to us direct. + Sen Brown & Sharpe Rules are ma- chine graduated. This makes them especially accurate because of the-uniform width and depth of the graduation lines. This Steel Rule is but one of over 2300 Brown & Sharpe Tools. BROWN & SHARPE TOOLS BROWN & SHARPE MEG. CO. Providence, R. I., U. S. A. © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See nage 6.

Page 66

Thrills in Water Scooting y 70 By F.W. Harry

of water sports, is within the reach of anyone who will take the trouble to build a water scooter. Once you have a board, it is an easy matter to get a “tow.” Even if you have no motor boat of your own, you will always be able to find some jolly boat owner who will take your line—and then you'll be in for a breath-taking, spray-drenched, skimming flight over the water that is like no other sensation on land or sea. To ride a surf board at slow speed is, of course, simple enough. It is not especially difficult to keep one’s balance; one can lie down at the start, if necessary, and rise to a standing position as the surf board gains speed. But riding at really high speed requires skill and practice and is a sport only for seasoned swimmers. A couple of boards cleated together will serve as a water scooter, but the best type is built like a canoe. It is quite within the means of the home worker to construct a surf board resem- bling the latest and finest ‘commercial model. A study of the accompanying drawings and the bill of materials on page 83 will show the method of construction. This design combines grace, strength and durability and, indeed, corresponds to a 1926 commercial model of the finest quality. The construction, however, can be simplified in many ways. For instance you can make the bow straight across, if the bent work seems too much trouble. Other woods than those mentioned can be used satisfactorily. If the finished scooter leaks a trifle, it will make no great difference as an outlet is provided for drainage. Riv a surf board, most thrilling it IS best, perhaps, to begin with the molds C, D, E, F, and G (Fig. 4), which are alike (except that G is 1% in. shorter than the others). Four boards 34 by 4 by 24 in. are required. Clamp them together (Fig. 3) and mark the curve on both sides. Shape them roughly with a saw or drawknife and plane to the line. Mark and cut the notches 3% in. deep. The molds H and J, being of a different POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 19% How You Can Construct a Surf Board with Least Effort es Of all the water sports, none surpasses this. If you own a surf board, you always can find some motor boat owner who would really be glad to give a tow size, will have to be cut separately, but one of the previously made molds can be, usedas a pattern forthe notches on mold H. The brace B, which is 4%-in. thick oak, can be clamped up with the molds first mentioned, if desired, and cut at the same time. If cut separately,-it can be marked from one of the molds. The brace B can be used as a pattern for cutting the stern piece H, which is the same shape but 34 in. thick. The sides M and M! (Fig. 2) are % by 1% in. by 4 ft. 4% in. The bow piece K

ALTERNATIVE BOW DESIGN ’ ’ ‘ ‘ ‘ ! —

Photo courtesy Elto Outboard Motor Co. ~-+I--RING BOLTS may cause some concern, but if a pattern is made by enlarging the dia. gram in Fig. 4, no diffi. culty should be experi- enced. Cut the piece, soften it thoroughly by steaming or boiling, and then fasten it around a temporary form to corre- spond to the curve of the bow. There are several ways in which a piece of wood of this length can be steamed or boiled. An old water pipe or smoke- stack can be used as a boiler by plugging one end with cement or by simply burying the ends in the ground. The pipe is sup- ported in an inclined position and filled with water. A brisk bonfire is kept going underneath and the wood is reversed from time to time until it is thoroughly soft. Another way is to build a long box from waste lumber and connect it by means of a rubber hose with a kettle or other source of steam, To assemble the frame, first screw the brace B to the stern piece A with heavy l-in. brass screws. (Continued on page 82) Fig. 1. The first two of these perspective views show dif- -ferent designs for the bow; the third sketch shows the sheathing when laid crosswise

ALTERNATIVE DESIGN’ & FOR SHEATHING

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Fig. 2. Top and side views. The construction is simpler than it looks—a series of mold boards bounded by side pieces, all braced with strips of ribbing and covered with thin wood

Aug!

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Profit in Making Dinner Chimes By W. A. ScHaErrR BOUT a year ago I made the set of dinner chimes illustrated. Some of my friends who saw them liked them so well that they wished me to make dupli- cates for them. So far I have made seven at prices rang- to$10,my profit amounting in all to $42. The case can be fastened to the wall by means of mir- ror plates, or directly with screws into a stud, or it can be hung up by means of wire to the picture 1 : ry an ae | == a= fh Ne -e4 : @ enone q = rf + - 4 1 ' = a. t +--! 1 ! 1 ! | == x ="© Yun Ye THICK How the completed chimes look, and views showing construction. The tubes are of brass molding, which is the method I have used. Before attempting to make the case, a full size drawing should be prepared and used as a pattern for laying out the parts. The design, of course, may be modified in many ways, and carving, inlays or other ornamentation added. Tobacco Jar from Gun Shells NE of my friends i -- ng, AWAY recently made "es a useful and very good- looking tobac- co jar from two 18-pound- er shell cases—souvenirs of the war. A shell was cut off about 31% in. long to serve as the body of the jar and turned smooth inside; another was cut just about \% in. from the rim and turned as indi- cated to serve as the lid. Both pieces were polished in the lathe by means of emery dust.—S. W. BLANCHARD. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY —and He's Saving 6 Cents Every Mile! Riwine the new Harley-Davidson Single costs seven times less than driving a low priced automobile. Only one cent per mile! A gallon of gasoline carries you 80 miles—a gallon of oil 800 miles—a pair of low cost tires 10,000-12,000 miles. Almost no garage expense —any 2x8 foot space will house or park your Single. Easier to ride and control than a bicycle—safe. Almost self-balanc- ing, with simple controls, and instinctive steering. Easy to buy — your Dealer offers a con- venient Pay-As-You-Ride Plan, and the ~~ of the Single, complete with built- in electric equipment, f. o. b. Pet ig only - $235 See your Dealer today — and mail Coupon for full details. Har.ey-Davipson Motor Company Department P. 5S. Milwaukee, Wis. © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. ° tae: [Metres] Single

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BRUSHING LACQUER Hundreds of Uses Everywhere Rogers Brushing Lacquer opens up a new and limitless realm of color “painting.” The ease and speed of application; the quick drying feature which saves time and confusion; the beauty of the rich, glossy colors; and the amazing durability—make it desirable for finishing or renewing an endless variety of things in the home; in stores, offices, factories, buildings of all sorts; in art shops, hotels, schools and businesses of many kinds

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> egeaes NEW AGAIN Money-Back Guaranty 7 Try a can of Rogers Brushing Lacquer. If not more than satisfied return what is left to your dealer. He is authorized to refund the entire purchase price

4 You have seen the beautiful new lacquer finish used on fine motor cars and furniture. You have heard how it withstands the roughest usage. Heretofore this amazing lacquer could only be applied at the factory with special equipment. Rogers Brushing Lacquer now offers you a perfected lacquer for home use. You apply it freely with a well filled brush—right over the old finish. Covers perfectly. Brushes out smoothly and— Dries While You Wait! You iacquer a chair and sit on it a few minutes later. You lacquer a table and within half an hour put on the tablecloth for dinner. You lacquer a floor and thirty minutes afterward walk on it. There are almost endless uses in every home, store, office, building, hotel, etc. And the rich, lustrous, colorful finish is prac- C(Dearers everywhere carry the tically indestructible. Wears like porcelain. Does genuine Rogers Brushing Lacquer. All not print or hold lint. Does not gather dust. the popular colors, also white, black and clear. Ready mixed and ready for use. Anyone can apply it. But be sure to get “ROGERS” in the Oriental can —the kind that is sold on a publicly advertised money-back guaranty. DETROIT WHITE LEAD WORKS, Detroit, Michigan Makers of Highest Grade Paints, Varnishes, Colors, Lacquers

THE MARK. OF Distributed and guaranteed by Q . —_ ‘ na Teri ees oo ACME WHITE LEAD AND COLOR WORKS — Detroit, Michigan

LINCOLN PAINT AND COLOR COMPANY ig eZ Lincoln, Nebraska = ( (NJ re ' THE MARTIN-SENOUR COMPANY Chicago, Illinois ‘ PENINSULAR PAINT AND VARNISH COMPANY Detroit, Michigan Cf, THE SHERWIN-WILLIAMS COMPANY Cleveland, Ohio ' - »

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Se RE ST EE enero a Remington Schuyler, cover artist of PopuLar Science Montuty, and a noted archer, shows true sense of the word, with real red blood coursing in their veins, should follow the example of Stewart Edward White, Sax- ton Pope and Arthur Young, and put away their death-dealing guns, and arm themselves with bows and arrows. Then, as they enter the game fields, they will do so with a knowledge that they are playing fair and giving the wild animals @ more even chance in the contest. A bow without an arrow is like a six- gun without ball.or powder, it is like an anvil without a hammer, it is like a man without a wife. The two things must go together to be complete. To begin with, if you fellows are really interested in archery, by all means read Dr. Saxton Pope’s “Hunting with the Bow and Arrow” and the intensely inter- esting story of Ishi, the Indian, the last of his tribe. Many of you have read “‘ The Last of the Mohicans,” which is a fable, but this poor Indian was really the last man in his tribe. No one could under- stand his language; he was alone in a world that had forgotten his people. But Ishi knew how to chip a flint arrowhead, knew how to make an arrow, and knew all the arts of the man of the stone age. That’s the reason we are interested in him. Back in the times before history was written, that is, before it was written in books, the arrow was made of any long slender piece of wood. At times even a reed was used for that purpose. The shaft was about 30 in. long and usually tipped with a pointed flake of flint or other hard stone. GS tre sense in the UR American Indians also used cane or bamboo tips for their arrows, the tips being hardened in the fire, but usually the stone arrowhead was favored by the By Dan B EARD National Scout Commissioner Boy Scouts of America POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY how to string a bow and shoot an arrow. These weapons were made by Dr. Saxton Pope experienced Indian, To make an arrowhead from a flake of flint, place the flint on a pad of buckskin, and put the wedge-shaped point of the flaker (this is usually a little stick of hard bone or the tip of a deer’s horn) against the flint near itsedge. Then press heavily and quickly downward. Off flies a tiny disk of flake or flint. You turn the flake over, feel where the first chip was removed, and repeat the operation. That is all there is to it; but as in all things, skill, strength and knowl- edge count. Freshly split or broken flint flakes are best. When not being worked, flint should be kept in moist earth. There has always been a great mystery regarding the flaking of an arrowhead and all sorts of legends and romance are con- nected with it. We used to think it was - done by heating the flint red-hot and then throwing water upon it, but now we know that the method is childishly simple and anyone who takes pains can do the trick, that is, if we do it as the Indians were wont to flake their arrowheads by the use of the “hammerstone.” IRST, you must havea round hammer- stone about the size and shape of a goose egg; this you hold in your right hand while in your left hand is the chunk of flint. A couple of quick, heavy blows of the hammerstone on the flint chunk near its edge will break off small slabs or flakes of varying size and thicknesses. These flakes are the arrowhead material. Of course, you can flake an arrow with- out a hammerstone. You can do it by pressing down on the flint with your flaker and chipping it off with the line of cleavage, or as the boys would say, with the grain. Back in the frontier trading post days the traders sold iron arrow points to the August, 1926 About Them If You \ Lake Up the Revived Sport of Archery Indians at the rate of five cents a point, which in Pittsburgh cost one-tenth of a cent to make. Out in the Navajo country in a trader’s store my assistant saw a small box of, perhaps, two hundred of these points, left over from the days of the hunting bow. The placing of feathers upon the shaft of an arrow was a big advance in archery, but just when it occurred is unknown. It is interesting, however, to note that our American Indians had feathered shafts long before Robin Hood’s day. The average Indian arrow was about 28 in. long, often made of a dogwood shoot, feathered with three bits of turkey feath- ers, tipped with “trade point” of iron, all wrapped on with deer sinew. The Plains Indian usually cut shallow grooves on his arrows for blood draining. Only our old-time Plains Indian seemed to prefer a short arrow. That was because he was a pony-riding man; no “‘walkee, walkee” for him. Those who followed closely last month’s article have, no doubt, already made arrows by the method suggested. Com- pare your arrows with the first two arrows shown in the illustration on this page. For ordinary purposes, however, use a blunt arrowhead; the point should only aa 5 cesemaenl st a Sl dex emma: reat, a Twelve arrows from the collection of Rem- ington Schuyler. First, a 28-in. English target arrow. Second, a steel pointed hunting arrow made by Dr. Pope from a common 5/16-in. birch dowel, exactly as described last month. Third, steel pointed Crow arrow. Fourth, Apache arrow. Fifth and sixth, old flint head arrows from an Indian medicine bundle. Seventh and eighth, ancient Sioux arrows. Ninth to twelfth, points of very long arrows used by Pacific Islanders, one forked for fish be used for target practice or in hunting. Now that you have your bow and arrows finished, remember that you have a@ weapon in your hands and must use great care. Never aim it at any person. Do not aim it at an animal unless you intend to shoot. The “‘unloaded gun”’ is little more dangerous than the “‘uninten- tional shot” from a (Continued on page 75) —e—e oe OP = 2 "a —s* — 45 i @ sae | ee

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eS ee eee ee en ee! See ee thew 2 ew FF t csi i's ing. and ave son. you 99 is ten- > 75) | nock and usually colored differently than | tilted very slightly toward the right at Arrows—What You Should Know About Them (Continued from page 74) bow. But used properly the bow and arrow is a beautiful weapon, which de- velops skill and accuracy and teaches one codrdination of mind and muscle. — you make your archery outfit as told in the July issue, or buy it at a sporting goods store, the first thing you will have to learn is how to string or “brace”’ the bow. Catch the lower end under your right instep, as demonstrated by Remington Schuyler on page 74. Then pull the grip or “hand” upward with your right arm and press down the upper end with your left arm, slipping the loop of the bowstring over the “nock.” Re- verse the process to unstring the bow be- fore putting it away. If you find it more convenient, you can catch the lower end under your left foot and pull upwards with your left hand, slipping the loop off and on with your right. The principle is exactly the same, either way. To shoot, fit the arrow nock to the string with the “cock” feather—the feather standing at right angles to the the other two feathers—pointing toward the left. The first finger of the right hand en- gages the bowstring above the arrow nock; the second and third fingers are below. The arrow is gripped lightly between the first and second fingers, but not pinched. HE fingers should be protected with leather tips or a glove, These do not appear in the illustration on page 74 for the reason that Mr. Schuyler is one of the very few archers whose fingers are so hard- ened that they do not require this pro- tection. The shaft of the arrow rests on the left hand and against the left side of the bow, which should either be vertical or the top. The left arm is protected from the impact of the bowstring by a leather guard. In drawing, keep the right elbow level with the shoulder and use the back and shoulder muscles. The arrow is pulled back until the point touches the left hand and until the forefinger of the right hand touches the jaw directly beneath the right eye. The right hand is always drawn to the same spot; the desired range is ob- tained by lowering or raising the left hand. The feet are placed about 12 in. apart and the body is at right angles to the target, only the head being turned toward it. The “loose” is accomplished by relax- ing the right fingers and allowing the pull of the bowstring to straighten them out. No other movement is made until the arrow strikes its mark. Always be sure the right forefinger is pulling hard and that the arrow does not creep forward before the release. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY He could be so attractive What was it that kept him socially submerged ? ALL—slender— good features. An interesting talker—an excel- lent dancer. Yet somehow heseldom held the interest of any girl for long. Somehow he received only a few invitations, while his friends went everywhere. He was fairly popular with men— but girls would look him over care- fully and then just as carefully over- look him. 7 + A great many young men are in- clined to have a grimy-looking skin, spotted with blackheads and dull in appearance. Few realize that this hinders their success in life. Pom- peian Massage Cream helps you overcome this handicap by giving you a clear, ruddy complexion. SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY OFFER V3 of 60c jar for 10c For 10c we send a special Se trial tubecontaining one- ee third of contents ofareg- Sma ular 60cjar. Contains suf- a eee ficient Pompeian Mas- = : sage Cream to test thoroughly its wonderful benefits. Positively only one trial tube to a family on this exceptional offer. © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. Clears the Skin. Pompeian Massage Cream thoroughly cleanses thepores. It helps clear up blackheads and pimples by stimulating healthy cir- culation, and by keeping the skin clean and the pores open. Easy to Use. After shaving or wash- ing, rub it in gently. Continue rubbing and it rolls out, bringing with it all the dirt and skin Use Pompeian impurities. Result Massage Cream —a clean, healthy — skin with clear, 4, full heneht. glowing color. At all druggists. THE POMPEIAN CO., Cleveland, O., Dept. 50 Gentlemen: I enclose a dime (10c) for liberal sample of Pompeian Massage Cream. : Name .«cscccccecee KtOeCR CS ReeR wea eouseeT Street AGNES so v cccgetecccenbupwese seen sneer

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76 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 1926 We Do Over Our Upstairs Rooms in ponge Stippling By Berton ELLiot, Painting and Decorating Expert The flat face of the sponge is patted firmly on the wall without any turning or twisting Alister, from next door, to Mrs. Andrews, from down the street, who had dropped in to see our newly decorated upstairs rooms. And Mrs. Andrews re- plied, somewhat more conservatively, “I never saw anything like it before.” We had just finished decorating our four upstairs bedrooms and hall in sponge stippling, which work we had started after completing the downstairs decorating in “Tiffany” cloth stippling, as described in the May issue of PopuLar ScrENCE MonTELy. Paint stippling, at the time we did this decorating, had not come into very gen- eral use for home decoration, and the folks who called on us had never seen anything of the kind. Nowadays the fin- ish is most popular, because of its beauty, its relative ease of application, and its durability and cleanliness. TT BEATS all!” exclaimed Mrs. Mc- IRST we removed the wall paper by saturating it thoroughly with warm water and scraping with a "putty knife. This finished, we were ready to start the stipple treatment. Sponge stippling is done by applying a background coating of flat wall paint of the desired color, over which one or more stipple color coats are applied with a sponge. The secret of success lies in a harmonious combination of colors, to- gether with a few important details of mechanical execution that will be ex- plained further along. Stippling provides texture in wall dec- oration, an element that has long been an “open sesame” to charming effects in dress.. The texture of the stippled wall is very much the same in principle as that of fabrics—the subtle weaving in of bright bits of color to produce a néutral and sufficiently conservative tone. In wall decoration, the bits of color are woven in by the stippling process. Either the foundation coating can be in a rather bright color and a stipple pattern applied over it in a neutral color to tone down the background, or a neutral color may be used to start with and the bright color woven in with the stippling sponge. The whole effect resembles tapestry or brocaded satin, while actually the wall is smooth and correspondingly easy to wash and clean. N OUR little home decorating opera- tion, we had selected for the first room a cream foundation color, stippled with ivory, with a second stipple color of soft cream-gray over the first stipple—a com- bination chosen to give our north bed- room a warm sunshiny atmosphere, and also to make a somewhat small room seem larger. The foundation or background coating was first applied to the wall—two coats of regular flat wall paint in cream color, applied with a 4-in. flat wall brush. The first coat was mixed with an equal part of a varnish mixing size, to seal the very porous plaster and keep the paint from sinking in. The ceiling was done at the same time —three coats of ivory white, to be left in plain color. In this room, which contained the chimney, the settling of the house had cracked the walls and ceiling quite badly. After the first coat had been applied, these cracks, as well as all holes and imper- fections in the plaster, were filled with a mixture of plaster of paris and the wall paint, knifed on smoothly with a putty knife. There were also some places where the woodwork did not fft snugly against the walls. These cracks were filled with the same mixture. No more work was done on the walls until the next day, as painting over the wall before these spots had dried hard would be likely to result in the paint’s sinking in, producing a, spotted finish. We then applied the second coat of cream Loading the sponge with the stippling color some of which was poured on a piece of tin ts 10 Pes, A sample of sponge stippling one-third full size and a greatly reduced view of the sponge wall paint, and were ready for the stippling. As previously indicated, the pattern, or more correctly the texture, of the sponge is printed onto the background color. In selecting the sponge, an expensive one is not necessary, but one with an interesting pattern, having well defined open spaces of a delicate, lacy nature. The bottom of the sponge is trimmed or sliced off to geta perfectly flat printing surface. This may be done by soaking the sponge in warm water and trimming with a pair of shears, or by cutting the sponge with a large knife when dry. This is one of the secrets of sponge stippling, as unless the printing surface is perfectly flat, only the high spots will print. When ready to start stippling, the sponge is wet in water to soften and open it up, ard wrung out moderately dry. yl DOING the first stipple coat for our north room, some of the mixing size used in the first coat for sealing the wall was added to the ivory stipple color in the proportion of one part size to three parts paint. The addition of the mixing size was to give the bits of stipple color a delightful sheen when dry, instead of the dead flat finish of wall paint. A little of the mixture was then poured out on a piece of tin. The sponge was rubbed into this mix- ture and tapped a few times on a piece of clean paper to remove any excess paint. The stippling then was started by patting the sponge straight onto the wall, with- out turning or twisting, and with a firm but not too heavy stroke. After every fifteen or twenty strokes the sponge had to be reloaded. Another secret (Continued on page 77) er ee eel ee ae? ee

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the or ige » is ing ces ta ay rm Ts, rge ets ng art ut ur ze Tas rts Ze of X= it. ng h- 7) POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY We Do Over Our Rooms (Continued from page 76) of stippling is to have the right amount of paint on the sponge. Too much will produce a heavy, dauby print, and too little will make weak, uneven prints. Avoid placing the sponge prints in straight lines—stagger the prints as you go along, being careful that each print comes closely up to the one next to it, but not overlap- ing. é A little practice work should be done by the amateur on sheets of manila paper. It is also well, at all times, to start back of a door or some other less conspicuous sur- |. face so you can be sure everything is running along right when you get to the more conspicuous parts of the wall. — going clear around the rooms, a small piece cut from the back of the sponge was used to get into the cor- ners and do the edges next to the wood- work and ceilings. It is a good plan also to have a piece of tin or cardboard which can be held against the woodwork or ceiling to keep from daubing them, and any daubs should be wiped off quickly while the paint is fresh. The sponge, of course, was thoroughly rinsed out in gasoline, followed by a soap and warm water washing immediately after finishing the stipple coat. If done at once, there is no difficulty in washing it out just as clean as before starting. The next day we went over the room again with the cream-gray stipple mix- ture. While a two-color stipple always looks much more attractive than one color, it is really easier to do well, as the second stipple tends to cover up imper- fections in the first stipple coat. The stippling completed; a stencil bor- der was applied to add the necessary finishing touch. The other rooms were then done in the same way. In one a silver-gray founda- tion color was used, with a first stipple coat of pink, and an over-stipple of ivory- tan. In another room a silver-gray foun- dation color was used, with a first stipple coat of sage-green, over-stippled with a mixture of silver-gray and ivory. N THE hall a rather neutral effect was used, and one also that would show hand marks the least—a silver-gray foun- dation color, stippled first with blue-gray, and warmed up with an over-stipple of ivory. In each room one of the stencil colors was spotted on fixtures and lighting brackets, and the use of golden-glow light globes further improved the effect. Paint stippled walls have a richness and depth of tone that lift them out of the ordinary, and at the same time are a most practical form of decoration, as they can be washed repeatedly without injury. Sroots of wire, which have a habit of unrolling when thrown into a bench drawer or tool chest, can be kept neatly on a common ten-cent curtain rod fas- tened under one end of the bench. Metal linoleum binding can be screwed to the back of the bench to forma light tool rack. Joining the wires in a great trunk nerve between New York and Chicago 2. 8 The Nerves of a Nation THE magnitude of our present’ system of telephone communica- tion was beyond the thoughts of men fifty years ago. While at that time Bell, the inventor, had a prophetic vision of places and houses and factories connected by telephone, even he could not have foreseen the American city of skyscrapers with more tele- phones in one building than are to be found in many a foreign country. The massed multitudes of the modern city can no longer be served by wires strung in the air. We now have telephone cables no bigger than a man’s wrist each containing 2400 thread-like wires, carrying beneath the city streets their millions of spoken messages. Long distance cables overhead and underground con- nect cities with one another by storm-proof conductors, now be- ing extended into a country-wide network, At the present time nine-tenths of the 45,000,000 miles of tele- phone wire in the Bell System are in cable. The service of each telephone user has become more and more reliable with the exten- sion of .this cable construction. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY AND ASSOCIATED ComPANIES IN ITS SEMI-CENTENNIAL YEAR THE BELL SYSTEM LOOKS FOR- WARD TO CONTINUED PROGRESS IN TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION TOOL CHESTS FOR PARTICULAR MEN Toolmakers and. Ma- chinists will find the right Case in our FREE CATALOG Send for it TO-DAY. H. GERSTNER & SONS 532 Columbia St., Dayton, 0. A 2c Stamp —will start you on the road to success. See Money Making Op- portunitiee on pages 96 to 119. quickly and economically. For instance the W. B. & J. E. BOICE Dept. P. 8. 8-B Boice Crane Handisaw —does ripping, mitering, grooving, sanding, dadoing, drilling and grinding with ease and accuracy. Made in three sizes. Swings saws as large as 8” to cut 24%” stock. Driven by any % to 4% h. p. motor. Attaches to light socket. Sold with or without motor. Send for descriptive catalog of Bench Saws, Jointers, Lathes, Jig Saws, Band Saws and Boice E-Z Payment Plan. Send today! TOLEDO, OHIO © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6, You Can Build It Better With a Boice! Whatever you build, there’s a Boice Bench machine to help you do it better, ©

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en wneene ESE RLS ae A ee Real Spee An Easy Way to Build a Small | Boat That Will Win Races— Has Self-Acting Tiller POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 19% d in a Yacht Model OW that the hull of our 20-in. yacht model is made, we can turn our attention to the much easier work of adding the acces- sories and getting her ready for her first sail. Perhaps you missed the beginning of this article, which appeared in the July issue. If so, you can obtain the es- sential information for building the hull from Home Workshop Blue- print No. 48 (see the list on page 81). A copy of the July issue also can be had, as long Fig. 1. (Above) The yacht sailing in New York har- bor, off the Battery. Fig. 2 (at left) shows the pour- as a supply is avail- able, by sending twenty-five cents to the circulation department. The keel (Fig. 3), of aluminum or gal- vanized iron, had better be made next. It is a good idea to take a paper pattern of the keel to a tinsmith and let him cut it from a sheet of No. 22 gage galvanized iron. It is about % in. thick, 10 in. along the top, 414 in. at the bottom, and 5 in. deep. Beyond this measurement about 3% in. additional should be left at the top and bent to a right angle, with six holes drilled and countersunk for 3%- in. brass screws. On the bottom there is molded enough lead to make the whole keel weigh about ENLARGE TO SHEET ROPE” ») am NO.I6 BRASS, WIRE PIN | HARDWOOD })|\ RUDDER { Fig. 3. The keel and the automatic tiller con- trol. Rudder is moved by sail to suit the wind ing of the lead keel weight 1% lbs. First make a wooden pattern, boat shaped, 1 in. high, 1 in. across the top, and % in. across the bottom (Fig. 2). Put a wood screw in the top to hold it. Fill a small box with plaster of paris and water. Sink the pattern, previously oiled all over, in it, and allow the plaster to set. Remove the pattern, and thor- oughly dry the plaster, placing it in a slow oven if you are in a hurry. Make a saw cut in a slip of wood and tack it so that the cut stands over the fore end of the opening in the mold for a dis- tance of about \ in. to serve as a clamp for holding the sheet metal in place while the lead is being poured (Fig. 2). Next bore a couple of holes in the keel to act as keyways for the lead to flow into. Thoroughly clean the metal and set it dead upright in the center of the mold. Melt about 1% lbs. of scrap lead in a ladle (an old aluminum saucepan will do) and pour it into the mold, from both sides, so as not to buckle the sheet metal with the heat. When cold, remove and trim smooth, making sure that there is the same amount of lead on each side. Give the whole a couple of coats of paint or enamel to match the hull and lay to one side for the present. HE mast, Fig. 7, can be made from a straight grained 3%-in. dowel stick, tapered to 3% in. at the top. It will be 34 in. long over all. Cut a slight groove _ around it 24 in. from the heel and bore a small hole 1 in. from the top. Insert a small brass or nickel screw eye 34 in. from the heel (that is, 34 in. above the deck). All exposed screws or screw eyes should be of brass or nickel-plated brass. The boom is a 4%-in. dowel stick, 20% in. long, tapered to 5g in. Slightly open a screw eye and screw it in the thick end. Bore a hole 1 in. from the other end and make a groove for the sheet (line) 5 in. from the end. The bowsprit is a 4-in. dowel 434 in. long. Taper the outer end slightly and By Carr. E. ARMITAGE McCANN flatten the inner; 3 in. goes outboard. It has a screw eve in the extreme end, anda cleat is screwed to it for the sheet. This cleat is a thin, smooth piece of metal screwed down in the middle, the ends be. ing raised a trifle. It looks better on the deck, but it is handier here. The spars should be polished with shellac or oil or be given a coat of varnish, The mast step (Fig. 6) is a piece of 3% or 4 in. thick wood, about 1% in, square. It has a %-in. hole in the middle to fit the mast snugly and is firmly glued and screwed to the deck, with its center 21% in. from the bow. There are several devices by means of which the mast can be moved forward or aft to adjust the sails to the wind force. This is a fine idea and works well with a fixed rudder, when the wind is steady. It is the writer’s experience, however, that it is only a sea breeze that is steady in force and direction, and that on ponds and other inland waters the wind con- stantly varies. HE only device that approximates the man at the helm of a real craft is, there- fore, a self-adjusting rudder. The simplest of these is one hanging loose and weighted ,. on the end, so that as the boat heels over she gives herself more helm. A quicker and more positive action is the one shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The ideal, of course, is both an adjustable mast and an automatic rudder. But first the rudder must be made and hung. Any scrap of hardwood 3 by 2 by 41% in. will do. Cut it to the shape shown, taper the fore edge from the lower gudgeon to almost nothing at the bottom and the after edge from about the upper Fig. 4. The wind automatically pulls rudder to leeward against tension of the rubber band gudgeon, making the whole of the lower half quite thin. Four gudgeons are needed. These may be small screw eyes, but can better be made from small screws with the heads cut off and the shanks flattened and drilled. They can be bought ready made. It may be pointed out parenthetically here that entire construction sets con- taining the materials for a yacht of this general type can be purchased at almost any well stocked toy shop or large depart- ment store. (Continued on page 79) mm eo ~*~ F TH 3

Page 75

Speed in a Yacht Model (Continued from page 78) . Screw one of the gudgeons in the fore edge 1% in. from the top of the rudder, another 1 in. below that, and place the other pair in the stern of the boat so that they will come just above and below the first two, when the head of the rudder projects about 3¢ in. above the deck. A long pin or a piece of wire with the end bent over is passed through the gudgeons to hang the rudder, which must swing freely and be as close to the stern as possible. Now place an opened screw eye in the deck. just abaft the hatch. Drill a hole

Fig. 5. Under view of the hull before being painted, with heavy keel and rudder in place through the rudder 4 in. from the top. Through this force a piece of No. 16 spring brass wire and bend it up a little on both sides; 134 in. from the after edge of the rudder bend the wire around to an open ring, and 24 in. from the fore edge, into a hook (Fig. 3). HEN the boat is to be sailed, a rub- ber band connects the forward end of the tiller and the hook in the deck. The pull of the elastic tends to keep the rudder straight. The main sheet from the end of the boom passes through the outboard eye and to the cleat forward. The more wind there is, the more the sheet pulls the rudder to leeward, thus correcting the pressure of the water on the lee bow, which is just what a helmsman would do. The proper tension of the rubber band has to be determined by actual test. That the rudder may not go too far over, a stop is required, and this has to be ad- justable because the yacht will need more helm under some conditions than under others. A strip of wood across the stern with holes and pegs will serve for this, but somewhat neater is that used in the example (Figs. 3 and 4). It consists of a strip of brass raised in the middle and screwed to the deck at the ends, with two slots in it. In these slots run two radio switch stops. The sail (Fig. 6) requires careful making. Balloon cloth is the best material; next come soft finish cambric, linen obtained by washing out tracing cloth, or thin tricoline. If none of these can be had, use any thin, good linen. Shrink it before cutting. The luff (mast edge) will be 31 in., the foot 1914 in., and the leech 35 in. The latter should be parallel with the selvedge of the cloth. The luff and the foot do not form quite

aright angle, so (Continued on page 80)

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

79 SIMONDS CRESCENT - GROUND

qcuBUAS,

__CROSS-CUT SAWS _ “ee < =e Sis aes scx

oir

© 1) Cha or

TOUGH TEETH FOR TOUGH TIMBER LL through the timber country, Simonds Saws arestand- “The Saw Makers”

ard with woodsmen—men who count upon cutting tools most. These shrewd appraisers of tool quality know that only specially treated steel is used for Simonds products. To them, Simonds near-century of experience in the manufacture of tempered steel cutting edges is assurance of highest quality. You, too, will find that it pays to | specify “Simoads” in buying saws, knives and files. SIMONDS SAW AND STEEL CO. Fitchburg, Mass, Established 1832 Branch Stores and Service Shops in Principal Cities

CLAMP ON A PATCH AND LIGHT ie PHE FUEL wN 4 Why It Makes Puncture Repairs Permanent The Shaler Patch-&-Heat Unit is the secret. It’s a little tin pan full of pre- pared solid fuel that creates just enough heat to VUL- ==, CANIZE the raw +4 rubber patchonthe / bottom of the pan firmly to the tube. It comes to you all in one piece, like a cartridge fora gun. No patch to cut to fit. No cement, no mess, no fuss. To make a repair, you clamp one of these little tin pans over the puncture with theShalerClamp, % furnished with each outfit, and light the fuel. In five minutes take off the pan and throw it away. That’s all. The : repair is part of the tube because it is heat-welded (VULCANIZED.) Buy the Complete Outfit, including Vulcanizer and 12 Patch-@-Heat Units, for only $1.50, wherever auto supplies are sold. Slightly higher in Canada and far West.

C. A. SHALER CO. WAUPUN, WISCONSIN, U.S. A.

© This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

“TRaze You!” Welcome news! Here’s Barbasol in my hand, and I hold a straight shave, full satisfaction, and four of a kind. No brush. No rub-in. No after-smart. No trouble. Try Barbasol—3 times —according to direc- tions. 35c and 65c tubes. Wonderful for Sunburn

ys The ° Barbasol a O. @ Indianapolis Ind. # I enclose 10c. @ Please send trial tube.

P-S-M-8-26 4 For Modern Shaving

Page 76

Contentment in every draw— cards or tobacco A new slant on pipe-smoking contentment is brought to light by Mr. W. H. Doughty, a furniture dealer of Greenville, Tenn. Read what he writes: Larus & Bro. Co., Richmond, Va. My dear Sirs: For twenty years I have been engaged in retailing furniture. On rainy days my partner and I call up some of our friends and invite them down to a little poker game. In this melange of our selection there happened to be a fellow by the name of Austine—a tobacco dealer. This fellow Austine was a most consistent loser—but losing never seemed to affect his morale. His conduct becarhe a study with me. My winning and losing moods were re- flected in ion f actions. When winning I was the g fellow. When losing I was the grouch. All this time I noticed Mr. Austine, the tobacco dealer, sitting back unperturbed, pulling away on his pipe— contented—winning or losing. FinallyI put the matter up to Mr. Austine for a solution. He said, ‘‘Major (my poker title by brevet), there is no mystery to that—my contentment is due to the to- bacco I smoke. When I need a friend in — or business—Edgeworth has never ailed me. It carries contentment in every draw—whether the cards run good or bad.” The next time I visited the Mason Corner Tobacco Shop I purchased some of this Edgeworth. It has made a new man out of me. I can look them in the face and smile—smile—smile whether they run good or bad. Sincerely, W. H. Doughty. Let us send you

worth so that you may ut it to the pipe test. f you like the sam- ples, you'll like Edge- worth wherever and whenever you buy it, for it never changes in quality. Write your name and address to Larus & Brother Company, 10T S. 21st Street, Rich- mond, Va. We'll be grate- ful for the name mi and address of your tobacco dealer, too, if you care to add them. Edgeworth is sold in various sizes to suit the needs and means of all purchasers. Both Edgeworth Plug Slice and Edgeworth Ready-Rubbed are packed in small, pocket- size packages, in handsome humidors hold- ing @ pound, and also in several handy in- , between sizes. _ To Retail Tobacco Merchants: If your jobbers cannot supply you with Edgeworth, Larus & Brother Company will gladly send you prepaid by parcel post a one- or two- dozen carton of any size of Edgeworth Plug Slice or Edgeworth Ready-Rubbed for the same price you would pay the jobber. = be mF radiomtune in on WRV A, Richmond, Va. k the Edgeworth station. Wave length 256 meters. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTERLY

free samples of Edge-.

Real Speed in a Yacht Model (Continued from page 79) that the boom will be raised a little. The leech is not straight but bows out in what is called a roach. The other edges, in a sail of this size, may be straight, although the luff may have a little roach. A templet should be made and pinned on the cloth before marking and allowance made for a 4-in. hem along the luff and foot, and as small a hem as possible on the leech. Take an 8-ft. length of thin cord such as 24-ib. fishing line, knot one end, stitch it to the clew (lower aft corner of the sail) and sew it inside the hem round via the tack (lower fore corner) to the head; stitch it there. When the sail is set take the line through the hole bored in the mast, hitch it round the mast, and carry it down to the bowsprit end as a stay. Sew two pockets on the after leech, as shown (Fig. 6) and in them insert strips of celluloid or whalebone, 4% and 5 in. long, each about 4 in. wide. Hook the boom to the mast and, start- ing at the tack, stitch the sail to boom and mast with crochet cotton. Be careful not to stretch the sail when sewing or binding it to the spars and see that the tack comes right to the mast. Put screw eyes in the side planks about 5 in. in from the bow on either side. Tie another piece of cord to the groove on the mast to come down on each side some 4 in. beyond these eyes. Meanwhile, give the brightwork (var- nished wood) and the enamel a final finish with rottenstone and water, so that the yacht is smooth and sleek without being glassy in appearance. CREW the keel to the hull, with the after edge 314 in. from the stern, but first enamel the edge and touch the joint up afterwards. Be sure that its center line coincides with the center line of the boat. Try it ina bath of water to see that it floats upright; if not, it may be that the flange of the keel needs bending slightly. , To set up the mast, step it in the hole. Make three toggles (Fig. 6) from thin pieces of celluloid or metal with three holes in each, and make three ring hooks. Reeve the forestay through the two top holes of a toggle, through a ring hook and back to the other hole in the same toggle. Hook to the sprit end and set up tight; it is exactly like setting up a tent rope. Do the same with the two backstays; and see to it that the mast is dead upright when the boat is afloat. Fasten a similar piece of line to the end

CELLULOID SEWED IN HEM AS NARROW AS POSSIBLE

‘ \ \ ‘ i} ! ! ! 3I"

CROCHET COTTON

FOLDING STAND Fig. 6. How the sail is made and lashed in place; a stay toggle and a folding stand of the boom, reeve it through the ring in the reverse tiller and fasten to the cleat on the boom. The amount of slack to give the sheet depends on how the boat is to sail with reference to the wind. That isa matter of experience, but, roughly speak- ing, the more the wind is behind, the more sheet she will need. There are many ways of building a stand for her. The folding stand in Fig. 6 is merely a suggestion. If you want one, you can use your ingenuity, but be careful not to put a strain on the keel at any time. The yacht is now ready to launch—to respond to the lightest breath of air or boom along in the stiffest gale. Go to it, and luck attend your efforts! THE thousands of readers who have found enjoyment in making the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY models will be interested in two articles scheduled for next month, onean airplane model, the other a miniature rotor yacht. Those who have not yet built a decora- tive model for their homes should not overlook the two remarkable ships rep- resented in the Home Workshop blue- prints Nos. 44 to 47. Thesearelisted on page 81.

GROOVE FOR BACKSTAYS——, ,—10" FROM TOP a

—— = TBOOM 4" DIA., TAPERED TO %2', 20% LONG HOLE FOR CLEW OUTHOOK GROOVE FOR SHEET

Fig. 7. Details of the mast, boom and bowsprit. The first is made from a 3-in. birch dowel; the other two are 14-in. dowels. The bowsprit is one of the most convenient places for tying the sheet METAL CLEAT @=SCREW EYE a i ceil Lt SuGHT TAPERS , | —_—

© This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

am |i fan. eaenxraavee @ & ;

Page 77

we | a. Se - we — wi Sek ee

August, 1926

In Your Own Home may now have any musical instrument 7: week’ os free trial in your own home. Ex- amine it it, show it to your A tee ‘it = ‘ou wish. No obliga expense fo se for th e trial. Easy Payments decide to pt payments are Been eelaat small monthly sums. A cents a day will pay ae your instrumen ial offers on complete outfits. exceptional tone quality of Wurlitzer in- struments is the result of 200 years’ experi- ence in musical instrument building. Used by ading professional eoRiCans prominent feadin orchestras. Usually easy to play. SEND New Catalog Describes and iilustrates every known musical trument—many shown in full colors. Special factory prices direct to you. All details of free trial. easy payment plan. All sent free — obligation. Write today ! Rudolph Wurlitzer Co. » Dept. C178 120 W. 42nd St., New. 7 E. 4th St. 2 Cincinnatl York Wabash Ave., Chicago——134 Goiden Gate Beant 1924, Rudolph Washtcer Co. TL. ‘Francisco ADDING MACHINE

VEST POCKET SIZE ADDS—SUBTRACTS—MULTIPLIES—DIVIDES poe ¥ work of $309 machine. Guaranteed 5 years. Made > steel and indestructible. Million dollar capac- 1 ity. Fitsin pocket. Will not make mistakes. So simple child can oper- ateit. Every- body should carry one for figuring. FREE TRIAL Send No Money—Just name and address. We wiil ship Calculator immediately. On de- livery pay postman $2.50, plus few nts If not satisfied after 10-d: by a THOUSAND This is iy lowest eck practical Calcu- ator made, ‘‘Why pay more for inferior imitations?” Order From this ad. BABY CALCULATOR SALES co. AGENTSE amex 1118, Chicago, lll., Dept. 50 Sod 4 soa commission and territory ————————— ACMEFOLDINGBOATS Just fold your Acme up and put it in your auto, or in the baggage car. Or tuck it under your arm and carry it. When you reach the water, un- fold it and shove off. Own an ACME FOLDING BOAT or CANOE No other boat like it. Fold or unfold it in 6 to 8 minutes. Thousands in use. The first choice for hunters, for 36 years. Ideal for camping and out- ing trips. Light, strong, safe. Carries enormous loads. Does everything a wooden boat will do—and more. Price surprisingly low. Get the facts. Write today for FREE catalogue. The ACME FoldingBoatCo. 721 Boat St. Miamisburg, Ohio

trial ial getyou ‘our money ba ba

BURN YOUR NAME ON TOOLS witht THE GR AF ARK Protect Your Tools FromTheft. write with elec- tricity any name or design on the hard- any tested tn wehion on paper wine m™m or pencil. Complete Outfit 3.50 paid Ai ere. Intereat- ing illustrated cire tree. Write to- ents wanted. ARKOGRAF PEN CO. 1171-A East Stark St., Portland, Oregon 30 Days Select trom 4 aa ores ene ee Reerereg res: og acoree Sei ser ooo prepaid. at ‘Sa Month if desired. Parents often a

Boys can earn small advance first deposit. Fheels, | ives pies. lamps, born, at Write for our marvelous ss pricce ant a” $25 in Prizes See Cash Prize Offer on Page 4 in front advertising section

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

Blueprint Gives Designs for Garden Trellises

7 ~ * na ‘hed diel me ae ua eaecnae sereee i :

FTER school hours John Mitchell, of Point Pleasant, N. J., a young reader of Poputar Science Monruty, built this imposing rose trellis. He followed a design shown in Home Workshop Blue- print No. 34 in the list below. Several other designs for architectural trellises are given in that blueprint, together with details and bills of material.

Complete List of Blueprints F. aul ONE of the blueprints listed below can be obtained from PopuLaR ScrencE Monruty for 25 cents. The Editor will be glad to an- swer any specific questions relative to tools, material, or equipment. Blueprint Service Dept. Popular Science Monthly 250 Fourth Avenue, New York GENTLEMEN: Send me the blueprint, or blue- prints, I have underlined below, for which I inclose............... cents: No. Title Published Price 1. Sewing Table Feb., ’22 25c 2. Smoking Cabinet mGar.,. "22 .25¢ 3. End Table Ape., °*22 25¢ 5. Kitchen Cabinet May, ’22 25c 8. Shaving Cabinet June, ’22 25c 9. Arbor, Gate and Seats July, ’22 25c 10. Porch Swing Aug., ’22 25c 11. Bench and Tilt Table Sept., ’22 25c 12. Electric Washer Oct., ’22 25c 13. Tea Wagon Nov., ’22 25c 14. Christmas Toys Dec., ’22 25c 15. Workshop Bench jam. “2s 25e 16. Inlaid Radio Cabinet Feb., ’23 25c 17. Cedar Chest Mar., ’23 25c 18. Phone Table and Stool Mar., ’23 25c 19. Grandfather’s Clock Age., °2 45¢ 20. Flat Top Desk Agpe:, °23 25¢ 21. Colonial Desk Apr., ’23 25c 22. Cabinet and Desk Age, °%3- We 23. Pergola Garage May, ’23 25c 24. Gateleg Table June, ’23 25c 25. Canoe Sailing Outfit ay; °23 -25e 26. Baby’s Crib and Pen Sept., °23 25c 27. Kitchen-Cabinet Table Oct., ’23 25c 28. Pullman Play Table Nov., ’23 25¢ 29. Toy Tea Cart, etc. Dec., ’23 25c 30. Tool Cabinet, etc. Jan., ’24 25c 31. Sewing Cabinets Feb., ’24 25c 32. Chinese Game Table Mar., ’24 25c 33. Dining Alcove Age., °*24 25¢ 34. Garden Trellises May, °24 25c 35. Simple Radio Cabinet Oct., °’24 25c 36. Rush-Bottom Chair Nov., ’24 25c 37. Simplified Bookcase Dec., °24 25c 38. Sheraton Table 1a8.,, “ae. “256 39. Salem Chest Feb., °25 25c 40. Desk in Sheraton Style Mar., ’25 25c 41. One-Tube Radio Set May, ’25 25c¢ 42. Three-Stage Amplifier June, ’25 25c 43. Four-Tube Receiver ary, "25 25¢ 44. Pirate Ship Model—Hull Feb., °26 25c 45. Pirate Ship—Details Mar., ’26 25c 46. Galleon Model—Hull May, ’26 25c 47. Galleon Model—Details May, ’26 25¢c 48. Sailing Yacht Model July, ’26 25c 49. Broom Cabinet Aug., °26 25c (Please print name and address very clearly) I Ce ta cas, oss Wie Wve hie Sk oece aie wen tone wy eee wwe

It’s play to bore holes with a “Yankee” Automatic Push Drill “YANKEE” Action is Smooth as Silk O SMOOTH that practically no | \_this means speed. Just push! Then notice the ac- tion. You can hardly realize that the point is actually turning and quickly biting its way into the wood. For, like all “ Yankee” Tools, the design of “Yankee” Auto- matic Push Drills is so ingenious and the construction so superior, 4 that time and labor are reduced to a minimum. Drill point revolves backward in upward movement of handle to clear chips. Eight Drill Points 1-16 to 11-64 inch in handle of each Drill. And every single one of them has been given the “Yankee” individual test. No. 41 (Illustrated). No. has spring with Adjustable Tene sion to regulate pressure suitable for difference in hard and soft woods, or for large and small Drill Points. Turn cap on handle to get any tension you need. Some other ‘‘Yankee” Tools Ratchet Screw-drivers Ratchet Breast and Hand Drills Ratchet Bit Braces Automatic Feed Bench Drills Vises, Removable Base Dealers Every- where Sell 6 **Yankee”’ Tools Post os! **Yankee’’ on the tool you buy means YANKEE) the utmost in qual- Ss ity, efficiency and durability. Write for FREE “Yankee” Tool Book North Bros. Mfg. Co., Philadelphia, U. S. A. “YAN KEE’ TOOLS

Make Betiiv Mechanic

tS] This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

effort is needed to drill holes .

Page 78

82

FLXEDRESISTOR WARRANTED— Absolutely Noiseless Permanently Accurate Dependable J

The quill pen of our fore- fathers gave way to the steel pen. Today we have the fountain pen with its gold point. Metal is more dependable: in pens it withstands the corrosive |} action of ink and mois- ture; in Lynch Resistors it means permanence —rugged dependability. Arthur H. Lynch

PRICES:— -25to 10 Megohms__—.50 above .01 to .24 “ 75 -001 to .01 ** $1.00 Single Mounting .35 ok long has been recognized as the best of electrical conductors. The LYNCH METALLIZED RESISTOR, comprising a concentrated metallized deposit one-thousandth of an inch thick upon a glass core, gives conductive, non- arcing resistance that wins in the exact- ing tests of time and service. Endorsed by leading engineers, experi- menters and test laboratories, this LYNCH better-built product marks as great an advance as did the tungsten lamp over its predecessor—the carbon incandes- cent bulb. If your dealer cannot supply you, it wili pay you to wait for the mail —we ship postpaid, and Lynch products are sold on a money-back guarantee. Write us! ARTHUR H. LYNCH, Inc. Manufacturers of Radio Devices Fisk Bldg., Broadway & 57th Street New York, N.Y.

SRSA SASS SSIS DES ASE SIS EST ELAS ASI) POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 1925

Thrills in Water Scooting (Continued from page 70) Then screw the side pieces to the stern piece with two 1%-in. brass screws at each end. After fastening N and N! (Fig. 2) inside the front ends of pieces M and M?’, as in Figs. 2 and 3, locate the bow piece K by measuring 6 ft. 8 in. from stern to bow on the center line. Fasten the bow piece with a screw on each side at the point marked AA, Fig. 3. Make a saw cut at CC, which will remove the overlap BB, thus making a perfect fit between K and the side pieces M and M1. Bore a \-in. hole down into the joint CC and fit in a dowel tightly. The dowel an extra reinforcing piece P (Fig. 2) to the inside of the bow. The molds C, D, E, and F now can be fastened in place with a 1%-in. brass screw on each side. When trimming molds G and H to fit, make sure that the notches line up with those of the other molds. Firally, fasten moki J with one screw at each end, driven at an angle, as shown in Fig. 2. Next comes the ribbing L. It may be possible to obtain this material, 34 by 1 in. strips, preferably ash, already cut at a woodworking mill. If not, endeavor

NOTE- STERN PIECE-A AND BRACE-B OF OAK. STERN PIECE-A %" THICK AND WITHOUT NOTCHES. ALL NOTCHES %" x1"

aye 34

pas 234" ‘V-SHAPED CUT FOR DRAINAGE NOTE- FIT H AND J WHEN ASSEMBLING 5 a a =< 2 acca amen fM

aids in making the joint watertight. Nail-

HALF PATTERN OF BOW PIECE-K — 1 PIECE OF OAK 5" 70"%%" REQUIRED Fig. 4. How the cross pieces are laid out and cut. The rectangular notches are % in. deep. The triangular ones are merely for drainage. The lower diagram shows how to lay out the bow piece

BORE FOR 14, DOWEL

Fig. 3. The molds clamped together for marking and cutting; how to make a neat harness fixture from brass, and other details to have the mill or some obliging carpen- ter cut them for you on a machine saw. Ten lengths, each about 6 ft. 8 in.‘long, will be required. Fit the ribbing in the notches and screw to the molds with heavy |. 1%-in. brass screws. Trim them off at the bow and nail in place. : To drain off any water that may enter the interior, fit a plug in the stern, as shown in Fig. 1. A sound cork will serve as a plug, or a small valve or pet cock can be fitted. The harness fixture shown in Figs. 1 and 3 is cut from a piece of 3¢-in. brass and filed to shape. Two are needed, one being the reverse of the other. Fasten these with three heavy 1%-in. brass screws. As an alternative, two ring bolts 3 in. long placed 4 in. apart may be used, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. For the deck and hull sheathing use 5- in. basswood, if obtainable. Twelve strips are needed, varying in width from 3% to 5 in. The 5-in. pieces are placed at the outside edges; the extra width makes the necessary trimming easier. They are trimmed, of course, after being fastened in place. Before fastening the sheathing, plane the frame sides M and M! and the bow piece K to conform with the slope of the deck. Cross sections of the points A!, A’, and A? in Fig. 2 are shown in Fig. 5. Then lay strips of cloth, previously soaked in linseed oil, on top of the ribbing L. _ This will insure the joints being as watertight as is necessary. Nail the sheathing in place (Continued on page 83)

© This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Aug

rs sass as = 2 a@ ne Oo. es

Page 79

reget (Fee "Ee . Tm # we, ="? -_ Bowe aoNt eer 1€ 1€ 2, ly ng he 3)

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

ARMERS who find themselves short of space for storing ensilage can build an outside bin at surprisingly low cost. We tested the idea on my farm last fall and did not have any mouldy or spoiled silage. The entire cost for mate- rials to make a bin 14 by 14 by 14 ft. was only $47.50. We used ordinary ship lapboards and two by fours. The latter were placed 3 ft. apart on the outside to serve as studding. The walls were erected as we filled the silo. Common eightpenny nails were used and they were not driven all the way in, as we intended to take the bin down as the silage was fed out. Close to the bottom of the studding, on the outside, we laid a pole and then drove pegs into the ground to keep the bottom from spreading. At the top we wired the studs together and also used a few braces placed against the middle of the studs. If two by sixes had been used this extra bracing would not have been necessary. The side pressure, however, is not very great; it was less than we expected. It is important to pack the silage in How We Built a Temporary Silo fie ¢$ 750

This bin for ensilage was built as it was filled; no roof was provided, but the top of the ensilage was covered with a foot of chaff and short straw well, as there is less height and conse- quently less pressure than in a modern silo. Our corn had been shocked about a month before it was put in, so, of course, we had to use plenty of water. The top of the silo was covered with about a foot of chaff and short straw. Several silo owners who saw our silage said that it was equal to any in the county.— WILLIAM SMITH.

Thrills in Water Scooting (Continued from page 82) Bill of Materials sol T. W. LL. Part and Material

as % 4 24 Stern piece A, oak 1% 4 24 + Brace B, oak 1 % 4 144 Molds for C,D,E,F,G, H, any wood 1 x 3 16 Mold J, any wood 1 5% 2 144 Side M! and K, oak 1 & 2 96 Side M and battens N and N}, oak 1 % 1 24 ~Bow piece P, oak 10 % 1 80 Ribbing L, ash 4 $ 5% 80 Sheathing, basswood 8 * 4 80 Sheathing, basswood Heavy brass screws: 160—1% in. long; 26—11% in. long; 10—1 in. long, and 4—1% in. long; 34-in. copper nails; 1-in. galvanized iron nails; one piece brass, 3. by 3 by 13 in. or four galvanized iron ring bolts 3 in. long; strips of cloth, oil, paint and varnish. All dimensions are in inches.

with 34-in. copper nails except at the molds and around the outside frame, where l-in. galvanized iron nails are needed. Drive a 1%-in. brass screw through the center of each sheathing strip at each mold crossing, as shown in Figs. 2 and 6. As the sheathing strips are fastened in place, it is desirable to give each a coat of linseed oil or to paint them. It is obvious that a much easier bow to build is the square one shown in Fig. 1. If difficulty is experienced in obtaining long pieces of clear wood for the sheathing, shorter pieces can be used, as indicated SIDES M AND K DECK / MOLDS C:D-E-F ANDG

MOLD-H -~’ ee Al Fig. 5. Two sections through the edge of the scooter and one through the bow. Compare these details with those shown in Fig. 2.

trimmed off, smoothly, round the edges, and apply in Fig. 1, by running them crosswise with joints at the molds. When the deck and bottom have been sandpaper the _ scooter

a " COPPER NAILS <y |

STRIPS OF OIL --~ ~ SOAKED CLOT! FA * ‘-RIBBING Fig. 6. A part of the deck showing how the sheathing is nailed and screwed to molds and ribbing with cloth strips, oil soaked, at seams two coats of outside oil paint. Sandpaper the last coat lightly and apply a coat of spar varnish. As for colors, the builder can suit his own fancy. A bright vermilion with yellow and blue striping is a favorite combination.

Resurfacing Old Oilstones T THE shop and about my home, I had several old oilstones, the sur- faces of which had become so pitted and worn as to be next to useless. To true them up, I sprinkled a handful of fine sand upon a level piece of cement floor, added enough water to make a thin paste, and rubbed the oilstones face down on the concrete with a circular motion. A level surface could be obtained in this way, I found, much more quickly than by using a lapping block with oil and emery dust.— Stantey S. De Wirt.

© This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. TRIMO Tools Challenge Quality Comparison! We never have and never will make TRIMO TOOLS to meet price competition, because after all quality and NOT price determines the value of any tool to you. For nearly 40 years we have been buying the best mate- rials available and fab- ricating them, by mod- ern equipment and the highest skilled labor into the finest tools that money can buy. This TRIMO PIPE WRENCH is a splendid example. It may cost you a trifle more than ordinary wrenches, but note some of the fea- tures you get for your money: (1) INSERT JAW in the handle, re- placeable when worn; (2) NUT GUARDS that keep the wrench adjust- ed in close quarters; and (3) STEEL FRAME that will NOT break. Eight steel handle sizes from 6 to 48 ins. Four wood handle sizes: 6, 8, 10 and 14 ins. TrimontMfg.Co. Roxbury, Mass. Also makers of the famous TRIMO Monkey Wrenches, TRIMO Pipe Cutters and TRIMO Pipe Vises—all quality products.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 192%

a DVI IST INI CIC JaNDaNTANeaNFAndn OS DISCOVER

NEW WORLDS Ciyoar er Wo Lend he

your eyes!—magnify your eyesi new thrills — new joys — new roar: nem beauties of Heaven and Earth. wed nt a — IMPORTED — Ns JUPITER! SEE ae o OF Pan og oF wats Explore hen — FREE 3-POWER 59 “CELESTIA Trial for TELESCOPE 10 Days Sectny eelanen tae LESCOPES are nish- ond senqrect:” rich becoming _in- creasingly popular be- cause they are adapted for so many uses:—rifle or target practice; hunters; ranchmen; forest rang- ers: mariners: big game hunters; locating forest fires; study of stars; general Outdoor uses. Morocco leather ' Powerful * ‘Celestia’” lenses of brilliant illumination, great light-gathering power; magnification 35-power ! 56-Millimeter objec- tive lenses. Length closed 124% inches; extended 42% in- ches (34 ft.). Dis- appearing slide on eye-piece makes Preferred by it dust-proof, Eminent Scientists moisture-proof. E supply “Celestia” Tele- Removable scopes to Explorers, Big Game metal cap- Hunters, Globe Trotters, Univer- ed over sities, Scientific and Research De- partments. etc. Delivered in sturdy case container. Regularly sells for $40. Our price (while limited im- portation lasts).............. $26.50 “Our Plan Is Different” WE ASK for NO MONEY in advance. NOTHING on delivery. See, Try, Use, ENJOY “Celestia” Telescope for 10 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL. If you're pleased, you may pay on BUDGET PLAN. $6.00 MONTHLY or, if you wish to pay cash at end of 10 DAYS, deduct $1.75 and send Check or Money 5 Order for $24.75 in FULL SETTLE-99) J7 MENT. Otherwise return them. Order NOW! Send NO Money! Pay Nothing on Delivery. gueccsesescccecececessesessoescs “2 Generations of Honorable Dealings” SEAVER-WILLIAMS CO. ‘

Im; 3, Ex rs, National Mail Order Hous 365 ASHIN TON ST a STON, MASS. Distributors of “Celestia’ * Teles Sole ‘copes Gentiemen:—Send me the 35-Power “‘Celestia’’ Telescope for 10 Days’ FREE Trial on the above plan. SOPOT EHO eE EH HH ee EEE EEE EO EH EE EEE EES ADDRESS Peet me ee meee we erasers eeeeeeseseses Tear out and mail this coupon NOW! If you wish to tell us something about yourself, it will be appreciated— =r y y write on separate slip of paper. i Syd x f 6

essences sesets

How to ) Shape Carved Edges Preparing Ornamental Tops for Furniture By Emanuet E. Ericson, Noted Manual Training Authority

By shaping a table top or simi- lar part graceful- the beginner in woodwork can ge a distinct- ly prejes eam k to the fur- niture he builds

Make a series of saw cuts from 1 to 1% in. apart, cutting down to within ){ in. of the outline. Hold the saw level when ap- proaching the line

this easy fingering Buescher Saxophone, Most wonderful music. 3 lessons given on request witheach new BuescherTrue-Tone. Teach yourself. Many play scales right off- easy tunes first week. You can. Easy to Play, EasytoPay Tryany Buescher Instrument for 6 da ee Satisfaction or no sale. Easy terms arranged. Send postal for cate alog details of trial < payment plans. Mention instrument preferred. No obligation. Send today. BUESCHER BAND INSTRUMENT Co. 1518 Buescher Block Elkhart, Indiana A spokeshave is used to smooth the edge squarely to the line. The more abrupt corner curves are chiseled

Draw a full size paper pattern of the top or other part. Then trace carefully © around the edges of the pattern with lead pencil

6 For smoothing the curve on the corners, use a wood file. parallel to the grain with a continuous forward motion Do the final smoothing with sandpaper folded tightly over a block that is slightly rounded underneath 3 Cut away the waste wood roughly with a chisel or drawknife 4 (Left) A quicker method is to use a compass or keyhole saw to remove the waste wood to within zs in. of the pencil line The stroke is

© This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS, See page 6.

ee

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y at Free Trial will tga You Can Play A Conn EXCLUSIVE, easy-playing features le you to master a Conn Saxo- 4 phone quickly; play popular tunesin * a few weeks; entertain yourself and your friends. Get the details of our ./,! FREE TRIAL; Easy Payment } Jan on any Conninstrument--choice & of the world’s great artists. Catalogs = , free ; no obligation. aS ae : \ C:G. CONN, Ltd. & tt 832 Conn Bldg. “W@/) ae Wi Elkhart, Ind. Amaze Your Friends With ee ES ouiterlubotd co The Write secret letters with invisible Boy’s ink; pour blue, brown and black H liquid from a glass of water; make a and Book | magic pitcher of bluing; make your . own magic writing paper, your own of Chemistry ink and dyes. It’s all easy if you have — Chemcraft Junior—the pocket Chem- Pri ical outfit. Get yours now. Order ce] Certs right awxy and get a FREE Copy of The Boy’s Handbook of Chemistry; 100 pages of bam 75 ae Sorcaliee, interesting chem- ca information, money-makin Suggestions ‘and BOTH catalog of supplies. CHEMICAL co. 115 Washington St. Hagerstown, Md. POSTPAID SS CHEMICAL OUTFIT E25 cents VIBRO-SHAVE The New Electric Safety Razor 7. 3 gives a perfect shave because the fiagonal stroke” is built into it. 4 Including f: d scalp mas- Price axe! aitachments, cur an $10.00 plug and five blades. Send for Illustrated Cirular RAZOR PRODUCTS CORP. For use with 110 Volts A. C. only ZIP- ZIP / Here is a letter we received from a lady from way out west. | Pegg! delighted with th were so ed wi e \ Zip-zip shooters that they ordered from Gi you that | am enclosing check for one dozen more, | want each of their friends one also. Please send these as = ° have soon as possible. Thousands of boys are made happy with this ‘ oe hee ore cia inky ae ae AUTOMATIC RUBBER CO., Dept. 22, COLUMBIA, S. C. SPORT BODIES for FORDS at FACTORY PRICES! This Model mote $39.50 Prime Write for Booklet A-10 Showing Other Models. SPORT FACTORIES, Aurora, Illinois CAMERA SENSATION !! Regular Black and White Photos Finished Quickly Inside the Camera The ‘‘Keller-camera” is absolutely new. Inxpensive Keller- ecards are used as negatives from which any number of regular black and white photos can be made in the camera on these same Keller-cards. No films—no plates—no darkroom neces- sary. Objects are not reversed on these pictures which are 3% X54 inches. Cards, developer and fixing so ution cost little, You can make big money taking and selling photos, telling these cameras or doing both. Crown Minute Camera Co., 439 Canal St., Dept. 335, New York. (Factory and home office, Norwalk, Conn.) New! Different! _ Teaches you Big Tricks, Il. lusions, Stage Stunts, “Patter and the Principles of magic. Learn at home. earn, ap to $1000 a month. Write ial offer. today for Tarbell System, inc., Studio C350 Chicago, ill POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Packing Boxes Converted into Sectional Bookcase NIFORM packing boxes, if made especially to fit a row of standing books, may be converted into sectional bookcases by those who travel about or move frequently. A stack of the stained boxes set up on a few cover boards as a base makes a presentable appearance. For shipping, it is necessary only to fasten on the lids with screws. The books are already packed. _ The boxes should be planned to fit the individual li- brary. Thirty inches, outside measurement, is a good length for the boxes and The packing box bookcase set up, and one of the sections ready for shipment an outside depth of 714 in. will accommo- date all ordinary books. The width of. the boxes will vary with the binding of the volumes; boxes of three different widths will suffice for the usual private collection of books. A width of 9% in. inside will hold most reference, science and travel books. Children’s books and nature books will fit in a box 8% in. wide inside. The ma- jority of the boxes will need to be 8 in. wide inside, since the bulk of fiction and sets of classics are just under 8 in. tall. A 7-in. box may be necessary for poetry, gift books and standard authors now published in miniature leather sets. Lumber % in. thick is used, the sides of the boxes being inset into the ends so that the joints will not show on the side of the sectional bookcase when set up. A simple stain of pigment mixed with gasoline and applied with a rag has been found to be satisfactory for a finish, as it will not scar badly in shipping, and can ‘be renovated.—LovuisE LowBeEr Cassipy. Spring Guard for Scarfpin SCARFPIN guard may be made of a 3% in. wide piece of thin spring steel hav- ing a hole the size of the scarfpin or slightly larger punched in each end. The ends are WA pressed together to Y BPLPASING slip the guard over \ POSITION the pin.—W. J. E. Tire Vlome Worlshop! | IS) This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page§ The first of a series No Ala MILLERS FALLS Electric Drill HE Millers Falls line of electric drills follows fifty years of success inmakinghand, breast and bench drills. They have been developed in full accordance with Millers Falls standards—you can depend on them for performance above the ordinary. — No.414,the first orthe new line, has % inch capacity (in steel). Universal motor,ofrugged con- struction ; Jacobs heavy duty chuck ; heat treated alloy steel gears; pig tail brushes; features like that, with Millers Falls workmanship, make it an unusually fine electric tool. Hardware and automobile supply stores carry it. It’s worth looking over carefully. It’s useful—and good. MILLERS FALLS COMPANY Millers Falls, Mass. 28 Warren Street 9 So. Clinton Street New York Chicago MILLERS FALLS TOOLS SINCE 1868

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Sterli NECESSITIES For Your “A” Battery The Clean Way to Test Wet Batteries is to use the Sterling Charge Indicator which plainly shows at a glance when battery n recharging and when bat- tery on charge has been charged enough. Price $2.00. A New Bulb Type Charger, Meter- Equipped made according to the very latest battery charging requirements. Quiet, sturdy, thorough in its work. Price. $14.00. Ask your dealer for Sterling Radio Quality The Sterling Mfg. Com Hin. os ace Bi a pane ie LOCK puzzles may be made with more or less blocks than those de- scribed in an earlier article (March, 1926, issue) and combined into different forms. The cuts also may be varied, mak- ing the puzzle either simple or intricate. In the two following examples sim- plicity is the aim, rather than _intri- cacy. Both are made of blocks % by % by 2 in., though they may be of any convenient size. There is one plain key block. In the others the cuts are all 4 in. deep and 4% or in. long (with the exception of D which has a cut 1% in. long) and all cuts are started 4 or % in. from one end or the other. The manner of making the cuts is clearly shown in the illustration. T wo views of block F are given. Figure 4 shows a puzzle assembled of twelve blocks: A, B, B, C, C, D, D, D, E, E, E, E. To form the combination in Fig. 5, sixteen blocks are used: A, B, B, C, C, C, C, C, C, D, D, D, E, E, F, F. It is rather difficult to describe clearly the assembling of these puzzles, but an idea may be given. For the twelve-block puzzle (Fig. 4) first take a block B and lay it down with the two cuts facing you exactly as in Fig. 1. Then take D and E placed back to back and put them in the upper -in. cut on B, with E at the top. Take another D and E, back to back, and put in the lower 4-in. cut on B, with — Brae) 5 Sat ies Mend Qaly a Pocketknill to Make These Block Puzzles By Artuur L. Situ Two puzzles, one containing 12 and the other 16 blocks, and steps in assembling them E at the bottom. Take the second B block and place over this combination so that the two B’s bind E, D, D, E. Figure 2 shows the combination at this stage. Push the two D blocks to the left suffi- ciently to admit another D and E, back to back in the slot, with E on the outside. Push the D’s back to position. Two C blocks are now put in the grooves that will be seen for them, one on each side of a B. A slot 4 by % in., which can be seen in Fig, 2, is still open. The last E is inserted in this slot with the ¥-in. cut upper- most. When this cut engages the ends of D, D, a W-in. square hole is left for the insertion of block A. The sixteen- block puzzle is fitted together in the same way except that in- stead of using D and E back to back for placing in the 4-in. cuts on B, the block F is used instead of E. A C block is fitted into each 4-in. groove on F so that the sides of C are 14 in. from the end of F and: Y in. higher. Thus two cuts are left into which D may be placed. Figure 3 shows this combination after the second B block is placed. While the two D blocks are out of place for the insertion of D, E, the two additional C blocks must be put into position before the D’s are pushed back. This by no means exhausts the subject of block puzzles. Longer blocks may be used and ingeniously fitted together to muke various designs. How to Make Use of Worn-Out Hacksaw Blades = YOU have a rush job and find that you have only one hacksaw blade at hand and that a dull one, you probably can make it cut by grind- ing several gashes along the cutting edge, as shown. Be careful, however, not to ram_ the blade into the wheel, STRAY as the heat gener- ated would anneal the blade and make it useless. From dis- carded blades many useful tools A DULL SAW EDGE SHARPENED POINT One way to “revive” temporarily a dull hacksaw blade; .a glass cutter made from one can be made. One is a glass cutter, which can be made from the end portion of an all-hard blade. The cutting point must be ground sharp. The writer often has used blades for shimming up work strapped to a planer one occasion when a small washer was needed, the end or “eye” of a discarded hacksaw blade was broken off and util- ized.-C. M. Wi1cox. or shaper table. On ReRRe “eNE EP TOW BSH ema wml. Pram |

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1% August, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 87s 7 4,44 Home Workshop = Chemistry 7 . Simple Formulas that ¥;Na\ Will Save Time == and Money “nya Pd ° v VORB: Your home in we. is the only metal element that is liquid at ordinary tempera- B C LE Vv E LAN D Y tures. It conducts electricity and expands 0 Your home there, to be y uniformly .when exposed to heat; it is re perfect, should be in employed in thermometers, barometers, the center of theatre, manometers and finds use in the extrac- 1- shopping, suanones ¥ tion of gold and silver. Small quantities k - otal a y may be obtained in some drug stores, but : seven ak hen ane Y it is me nen hoe to purchase it from plete garage facilities - chemical supply houses. F C too. It should have a Y One of the greatest uses of mercury in it popular-priced Coffee Y the shop is as an amalgam for strips or r Shop served by the Y cylinders of zinc to be used in primary or same kitchen as the wet batteries. The zinc is first cleaned h eng mene ene with dilute sulphuric acid, ten parts of | rt SOG. s Snenine hare Y water being used for each part of acid h 600 large, outside y ( the acid into the water very slowly) ; rooms, all phe y oe a er vere eee , Its rates should be — le from three dollars. ent cotton with n The service goes with- y dilute sulphuric e out saying. We mean y acid, dip it into a - the Winton, of course. y few globules of is J.L. FREE, President mercury and rub is W. Stites Koones the zinc until a . Managing Director ¥ very thin film of &. vt a come yr EL substance and left for a few hours. : ct SIZES sto UH. ee A To use it as a solder, clean the parts E< ATKINS & CO. , Fr t . ta a FREE Low Prices, Or, if interested, ask about to be united and heat them to “9 tempera- Leading Ps Highest Grade Saws for Log and Tree Saws, 3-in-1 Saw Rigs or Pump Outfits. ture just. below that of boiling water. Every Use; Saw Tools, Sew Specialties, Plastering, bei WITTE ENGINE yd a Rub the amalgam over the hot surface, Trowels, and Machine Knives. 1 Witte Building, KANSAS . ress together the metals to be united INDIANAPOLIS, U. S. A. a 2221 Wines Biden SAN FRANCISCO, we and set aside for twenty-four hours. Such S Quick ship ments also made from nearest of parts must not be exposed to heat. = : th 25 warehouses. Vapors of mercury are poisonous, but of used with care mercury itself is harmless. PEN | st ye Oe & ORCY CLES Paste the following label on your bottle r : of mercury or file it for reference: ey on * .- aiaDe ps or ot (I) fegien, Crean. CQ Za ene | rk IN ei Siiscn,score7cion and NARS Sa SZ Gp (Mercury) Hg. er THA ‘ Wantec Weitere i Ms AG PRAY 3% _ Keep in tightly stoppered bottle. To amalgamate )n- ea Ve — ‘a f 4 er) 1 zinc, moisten a clean rag with dilute sulphuric acid, el © letin. New American Bicycles NY std dip into a drop of mercury, and rub the zinc. When a Wtrated catalog etvi : Ny zine to be used for batteries is treated in this way, it as CAN Cc will last about twice as long as untreated zinc. Chicago “< To make an alloy that is very hard at ordinary or a _ 5 ~ be oe in — bape mix . wo or arts, w , of powdered copper, ed A S E R V I C E F O R Y O U eer first moistened with a solution of mercuric SILVER an L In Buying Radio & Tool Equipment pct po Hike we} Ben: bt 4 omulltaaie. 4 l- For list of tested and approved products write The greater the quantity of copper powder used, the xi to ty nd ~~ ied Science Institute of Standards. | harder is the amalgam. STEEL ge 6. © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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SS os : POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 195 Cabinet Shop Special No. 10 $290 You ought to have this handy Parks in your shop! A compact, complete machine designed just like a big production outfit at one-fifth the cost. Nothing extra to buy. Motor is in- cluded, operating from any light socket. Fits in a corner of your basement. Does any kind of cabinet’ and joinery work. Cir- cular saw, jointer and bandsaw on per- manent all-steel frame. Add lathe, shaper and other attachments at small cost. You can make money with this Parks! Write for circular. The Parks Ball Bearing Machine Co. 1547 Knowlton St., Cincinnati, Ohio Canadian Factory: 200 Notre Dame East, Montreal, Canada | | Aatlitt ‘WooDWORKING| MACHINE 11] | An Easily Made Smoking Cabinet VERY man who works. with tools— whether he is a novice or a “handy- man” with long experience—will find it easy to build this handsome smoking cabinet. Space for cigars, cigarettes, match boxes, cigar and cigarette holders and pipe cleaners are provided. A feature that every smoker—and his wife—will appreciate is the ash trays (which are removable) at both ends of the cabinet. When not in use these ash receptacles can be closed. Blueprint, including full details for making this handsome smoking cabinet, can be secured by sending 25c to— Popular Science Monthly 250 Fourth Ave. New York The New Brushing Lacquers - (Continued from page 65) some of the color. That causes what the painter calls “bleeding.” That is, the color comes up through the finish and stains the hands or clothing. This condi- tion does not occur with water stains, the coloring of which is insoluble in the lacquer thinners. After the water stain had dried over- night, I had applied a coat of dilute orange shellac to the chairs and let it dry three hours; then I had sanded the wood with the finest split sandpaper. To give a still better surface, I applied a second coat of shellac and sanded it after it had dried. ““So you see, Dan, the chairs have had a coat of water stain and two coats of shellac as a preparation for the lacquer.” HE first thing to do now was to wash out the brush in some lacquer “thin- ner,” made by the lacquer manufacturer. This would get the bristles clean and wet them with some of the same material used in the lacquer. It is not a safe practice, nor is it fair to the manufacturer, to use the thinner of one firm in the lacquer of another. We turned one of the chairs upside down, as illustrated at the bottom of page 65, and then lacquered all the spindles, or chair rounds, below the seat, starting on the inside and finishing each part com- plete before doing the next member. Dan soon found that about three strokes of his brush was about all he could use in working this lacquer, and that he had to start with a rather full brush. On the chair rounds the brushing is done from the leg joints towards the center of the round; the legs can be brushed “around” or “up and down,” whichever seems easiest. “This stuff does set up quick, doesn’t it?” Dan commented. “Isn’t that a dandy gloss, though? You certainly can’t brush this lacquer very much, even if you do use a full brush, can you?” “No, Dan, you most certainly cannot brush it very much, but if you are careful, the lacquer will flow out all right without much working. Be careful how you hold your brush; it makes a big difference. There, that looks fine! Now take hold of the chair and stand it upright, so that you can finish the rest of the back legs before the lacquer gets set too much.” I then showed Dan how to “cut in” both the front and back faces of the slats, and how to use the side face of the brush to coat the top and bottom edges, thereby avoiding bristle marks in the face work. Last of all, I had him apply a generous coat to the rush-bottom seats of the chairs, making certain that the brush was well loaded, in order that the lacquer might flow down in between the braids, and thereby stiffen the seat after the lacquer had dried. “How am I to set the chair down now without getting all stuck up, Mr. Waring? ‘lacquer on a dresser case as you see here- Oh! I see, put my hands underneath the seat bottom and lift it down like this, Say! ! That certainly looks great, doesn’t it: 3° ; “Fine, Dan! Now fill up your cup to the three-quarters mark with lacquer and then add the last quarter-of-thinner. You see now why I had you use one of those ten-cent-store tin measuring cups, marked. in quarters and thirds.” “But look, Mr. W. aring! It all turns milky on top.” “All right, Dan. . Just stir it for a minute and it will clear up fine. There, ‘see! Now try that next chair, and after you have finished it, tell me which you like best—the lacquer straight from the can, or that. w hich you thinned twenty- five percent.” “This surely brushes a lot easier and smoother, doesn’t it? It flows out smoother, too.” “In this case Dan, it; does. Some brands I have tested lately have been thinned enough; others, I find, needed one part thinner to only two parts of lacquer, or a third reduction in order to brush: properly. Whether you thin it or not is a matter.of the brushing qualities of each: brand. You will have to determine that as the occasion arises. “If you want to stop your werk on the chairs for.a minute or two I can take the: time to show you now how to brush out. (page 65). Use a well loaded brush to | run the panel line first; then brush across the panel from left and right towards the center and starting at the top. Be sure the brush is as full of material as it can be without causing sags; then the lower edge of each stroke will stay wet and flow together with the top of the next stroke below. You will find that you cannot successfully do a panel with an up and down stroke. EXT do the top and bottom cross rails, working from the leg joints in towards the center of the rail with right and left strokes. You will have to work rather fast and very carefully in order to get a smooth job. Last of all, take an up and down stroke on the legs, fading out the brush stroke in the center as you see here. That round foot in the front should be done with a circular stroke, starting at the top and bringing downa_ wet edge.” “That certainly is no cinch, is it? At that it has flowed out pretty good, and it certainly looks like a beautiful gloss varnish, doesn’t it, Mr. Waring?” “You handled that like an old-timer, Dan; it looks fine. Now finish those chairs, and by the time you get the last one done, you can start over again on the first for a second coat. Two coats are right, but don’t give three in less than twenty-four hours, for as the lacquer is made now, the third coat will soften the other two if they (Continued on page 89) aan tS} This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. ‘> ft AD ee _- te on) 6405 CAO

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Lo Ge Bo WJY> Kom ‘CARTER) “HI-OHM” Universal Volume Control A simple—accurate volume control with unvarying electric characteristics. Con- tact arm slides on protecting wires cov-- ering moisture proof resistance wire. ‘‘HI- POT” same size and resistance with third terminal, $2.25. Write for illustrated folder and circuit suggestions. In Canada: Carter Radio Co., Limited, Toronto

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 89

| || %ée Home Workshop] New Brushing Lacquers (Continued from page 88) are not well hardened. Sometimes large blisters will form if the undercoats get softened by the too early third coat. “When you get through, put the thinned lacquer in this cleaned bottle, ready for the next job. Don’t pour used goods back into the can, as dirt or lint may get in. “Tf a skin forms over the lacquer left in the can add a little thinner and stir until dissolved. Wash out the brush very carefully with thinner, and wipe dry with a hard finished cloth free from lint, after which spread the cloth out to dry.

Y THE way, Dan, don’t ever use_ lacquer in a room where there is an open light or a fire, as in a range or gas stove.” “One thing Id like to ask,” said Dan. “Would it be all right to put clear lacquer over an old varnish finish, provided the varnish was washed with soap and water, then with benzine or gasoline and finally sandpapered well?” “It would save some work if it could be done, Dan, but exhaustive experiments have convinced me that lacquer of the clear or transparent type cannot be ap- plied successfully over old varnishes or other finishes because the lacquer solvents invariably act as a varnish remover. Often the second stroke of clear lacquer will remove the old varnish entirely. The old varnish must be removed by scraping and sandpapering. “The opaque lacquers, that is, those that give a solidly colored surface similar to enamels, can be applied directly over old finishes with more or less success, but if you will come around tomorrow I shall not only show you how to rub these chairs, but will also go into the use of lacquer enamels on furniture and on floors. How would you like that?” “That would be fine,” returned Dan, “for Mother has a kitchen floor I must refinish for her.” No home worker who expects to make use of the remarkable new brushing lacquers can afford to miss the next article by Mr. Waring, on opaque lacquers, which is scheduled for the September issue. A Cocoanut Shell Bowl O MAKE this bowl, one end of a co- coanut was sawedoff,the meatchoppedout piecemeal, and 14-in. holes bored in the center of both parts. A 34- in. cylinder of wood was turned down at each end and a section from a_ broken cane slipped over the stem before the parts were glued together. Joints are decorated with black enamel.—OweEn LovEJoy.

Lots of Speed when Counters Applaud! Someone has to drive a machine to make it show off production-wise. Even the newest automatic— Takes a man who’s bent on a record for fast pro- duction and fine operating. Be he engineer or machine hand— He's keen to beat his own best record when running up the production on a The large Revolution Set-Back Counter below records the output of any machine where a shaft-revolution indi- cates an operation.

Sets back to zero from any figure by turn- ing knob once round. Supplied with from four to ten figure wheels, as required. Price with four figure-wheels, as illustrated, $10.00—subject todiscount. Cut less than one-half size. Set-Back Rotary Ratchet Counter, to record reciprocating move- ments as on presses, $11.50 (list). Smaller counters from $2 up. Speed Counter Here's the handiest instrument for finding revolutions-per-minute of a shaft or flywheel. You hold the tip of the counter against end of revolving shaft; press lightly when the second hand of your watch-comes to 0; release pressure when minute is up. A spring clutch controls the recording mechanism.

(Cut less than 14 size) The Veeder Speed Counter enables you to keep motors, engines, generators, line shafting and machines operating at efh- cient speeds. Price, with two rubber tips, (as illustrated) $3.50. FREE—We’Il send you the big Veeder booklet. Shows count- ers for all machines and de- velopment-work. The Veeder Mfg. Co. 44 Sargeant St. Hartford, Conn.

t. MAKE YOUR DREAMS OF $90 S AGENTS EVERY WEEK COME TRUE! | SELL THE OVERSIZED S nee ,RED — ~ : ’ ‘ —_ pen is hand made and ink tested in our own actory. 7 Five year guarantee with every pen—$7.00 value for $3.50. e Send for Agent’s Sample at $1.75 C. O. D. plus t postage. JOHNSON PEN CO. d Dept.P.S.-7 1117S. First St., Rockford, III. || A 2c . Cc amp it ‘ k —will start you on the road to 0 success. See Money Making Op- : portunities on pages 96 to 119. e 5 : HOW A BOY BUILT UP A iB is the title of a . GREAT SQUAB FARM f!.38/:3 \t has $30"000 plant, <% packvard when at wchook whos money, id ¥$75-$160 bbl. You can do the same, Price of Bank Ss ney A gained Srends ee only ton conte . PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO. rT, 616 A St., Melrose Highlands, Mass. Established 25 years se st he all . aan ree te termes Bg an SP PF penient. No Gelbee "Gn cease ld Pr ad . = payment plan makes it easy to(t ; is CM TSI PP start Wee quip youcomplete. Our wu | Fires thaw meveiesteets endorsed by gov- pW he P Ws qromentinsts nstitutions. Write today CALS) ATLAS MON Vilic picture co. 89) % ya 636 S. iS Dearborase 0 © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Page 86

Rasta SPEAKER Only 6 inches in size, artistic in appearance, the Freshman Master Speaker is an ornament for any room, A triple reflex speaker with powerful unit, it has volume equivalent to a 24 inch upright hornand tone quality unexcelled by, speakers costing many times as much, Soild by Authorized Freshman Dealers Only CHAS. FRESHMAN Co., Inc. Freshman Building New York .2626 W: Washington Blvd, Chicago SEE the big Prize Offer on Page 4 of this issue Pee * First aid for @ > Vacation mishaps allays pain ~ ards against or fection= 1 ° y y aN Zz oe — aS « Absorbine.” y L/S JY acall Nersbutleu ies ff ce Wp $1.25 UE LN IS) This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 1926 %eShipshape jl § Home (a ea Faucets of the Fuller type, after long use, are apt to wear to such an ex- tent that the plunger will not open far enough to allow the water to flow through Repairing Worn Faucets “Tomer 'N ‘ ial AS \ KEE >>» ; ic é H | Tama se sil LOSS WY, Gee \ SWRA LPDILIPMTTTIIITN SS This type of quick-acting faucet, when badly worn, can be salvaged with little work in sufficient volume. That is because the eccentric drive pin and the hole through the plunger in which this pin works become worn, as shown above. A repair can be made easily. Clean the hole with a round file, make a brass plug, and solder it in the hole. If the pin also is much worn, saw it off, drill a hole in its place and solder in a new brass pin. Use the same drill to make a hole for the new pin in the previously plugged plunger. —WILLIAM SEIFERT. In HovsE painting I make use of a Hook for wire hook bent as the bottom and worked up. The chicken wire held the cement and allowed a coat- ing 1) in. thick to be built up. I smoothed the surface with a long knife. As there was some cement left over, I applied it to our hot water tank, starting at the top and working down. The ce- ment was applied about 1 in. thick with- out any wire reinforcement. Although I covered only the upper half of the boiler, I found that it holds the heat a great deal better and that the gas flame need be only one half its former height. The saving in gas paid for both jobs in the course of a few months.—GeEorGE C. GRANT. WueEn one of our M aking doors kept con- stantly coming Doors Catch open, I hit upon the idea illustrated for making the lock catch. A piece of galvanized iron was bent as shown and sharpened along one edge so that it could be driven into the wood back of the metal strike plate on the door jamb. It was pressed into place with the flat side of a screw driver, Wifes which was tapped gent PLATEN\| i il lightly with a ham- Ae.’ mer. The lip or . Ei Cn ie turned-up portion | Paint Bucket shown to hold the paint bucket. The flat end is pushed up under the siding an inch or more, and the weight of the can of paint is sufficient to ~~" the pointed end to press down against the house and hold se- —_— curely. I find it much more con- venient than hang- ing the bucket on - the ladder, as one does not have to SHARP ~ reach over or un- der a ladder rung in order to dip the brush in the paint. —Joun R. Donce. One end is slipped be- neath the house boards Tuer Aspestos hav- ing fallen off one side of our furnace, I found that our plumber would charge eight dollars to replace it, so I undertook the work my- self. For two dollars I bought 100 lb. of asbestos cement in the dry form. I strapped a piece of chicken wire as close to the side of the furnace as possible and then, after mixing the cement to a thick paste with water, I started to apply it at Insulating with Asbestos extends outside of the plate and can How the extra plate is bent and used in jamb be forced out or in, as necessary, to allow the spring catch on the door to hold. On one door this repair has served satisfactorily for more than ten years.—Pirrson W. BanninG. On MANY OCCa- sions I have used A Remedy for Ceilings with complete success the follow- ing method of holding up cracked plaster ceilings: A few boards from 2 to 4 ft. long and several others 1 in. shorter than the height of the room are the principal items that LATH Rh PS OTT Co a PE 4 Ss. PLASTER YA oe... PLASTER OF PARIS The plaster is fastened with countersunk screws; then holes and cracks are patched are needed. The short boards are placed against the ceiling and the long boards are used to prop the cracked plaster back in place. This must be done carefully, and it is sometimes (Continued on page 91) ee Au a> he sna eo Oe net Ae, F . . _ — sam meen eee eee te eee

Page 87

6 August, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 91 How I place smoothly. Make a number of countersunk holes and put a screw through each into the 9g : lath behind, sinking the screw head so V oal D4 that it will be well covered when the hole MMO SMES TlOunS (Continued from page 90). necessary to use a putty knife to clean the cracks so that the plaster will go back in Here's why thousandsuse Soldering is =p ” (1 had a hot air furnace in our house Y 7 Simple—" Requires Only “ese Jse a patching plaster or plaster of before I got the Bulldog and our 7- : ode 5 esranpancnaad Cinch to paris to fill the holes and cracks. Do not room house was always cold. With the dangerous acids, — — remove the props until the plaster has set. Bulldog it only takes half as muchcoal Sikes Area metal joints. Request A ceiling I fixed in this way fifteen years = * had weather below zero, and [ equally we hon teks er o—. is still a ~ good — as when casein ana asinine a whe heavy, old or new work. ‘ We AD 2 te Econom ical— Saves a nn oe have a onmore than a half hour > many times its price. at a time and it has the place |red hot. Your: Sate Can Chel To carry the lawn ; I elf for mower up from Ear 8 =~ marvelous record of the ., CHICAGO SOLDER COMPANY Lawn Mower | the cellar to the ulldog Pipeless Furnace as told by i \ 4201-321 Wrightwood Ave.,Chicago, U.S. A. a elie Mr. Jess T. Conrad, 1211 W. Arch St., L yard is heavy work Shamokin, Pa. y : ; and often the worst part of mowing the . n Wis year~ ode Sa >, | lawn. This task can be avoided by ar- Heats 7 Rooms Instead of One! ats. ee ea | ; = er ‘With the Bulldog, we find it takes a little a ma Va} 4 — - shelf _—s line with one of the more coal to heat the whole seven room house TRANS cs asement window sills as shown, if a than it did to heat one room with a stove itea A using chestnut coal.””—J. B. Smith, 19 Elm x Street, Somerville, N. J. Ir ’ - Thrilling, foaming speed with. the g Super Elto outboard motor! Instantly : attached to any rowboat. Easily port- on fmm able. World famous for easy starting. ck , = }) Multiplies the pleasures of fishing, » ga) racing, vacationing. Write today for nt t a oe pel Theg A tif ustrated — Be } cabomecie interesting. ouper i, ~Elto Outboard Meter Co. = L Dept, Mnirs: Home Bldg. = E Milwaukee, Wis. ‘‘Starts With a Quarter Turn’”’ The mower does not have to be carried naa down the cellar steps, but is placed directly P y, on the shelf after passing it through window House ans j j ee window is available for this purpose. {( Plans and pictures of 25 one and two story dream | The lawn mower and other garden tools ' h . Porch closets where you want them. ° i Vestibules, Secdteak Aleve. Everything planned then can be placed easily on the shelf di- for comfort and convenience. Expert advice on | rectly from the yard.—W. T. MarkowskI. new way to build at big saving. s " §) CH Write For Book y= how you can build ‘our home at wholesale. f eS ou 7 fe To IMPROVE a 4 BULLDOG | : Fetuie te het ers,comolarreerean ait | am qh i 17, | kitchen table, the | FURNACE | = ~is good illustration of amazing savings eee Kitchen Table | top of which had nl Freigbe prepaid to ail peints cast of Misaission / /g become warped aso t ‘ e i ‘ge book touay-> Y- Sw LINOLEUM, and cracked, I | | Comes Completely Erected! 4 our oO" e bath, hall 4 oe \ i . vair ee $ ae . = You Install It Yourself! : ‘ evele lan actteenete, it an “4 plane If you are even thinking of a pipeless fur- Bay Clty, Mich, and sandpaper Tes the Balldos isone | farnace you MUST — Save money when you build and then attache d investigate. Se ne ee fits 00 ° base joes ui, an ca- You Can Save $3522 a piece of good dove, and you install it yourself! A really ised Recover it quality linoleum extraordinary development in heating. ete yourself. with glue along Custom tail a $4.45 vf Senet the center onlv. | | YQ Money ster models. Roof This top remains and quarter sewed together, with rear fasteners, welts and tacks, complete. Anybody can put it flat, and 1S .both 8 and on. Give name, ee of your car. durable and sani- e | Catalog FREE. LIBERTY TOP & T ight RE CO., Dept. P.S.,’ Cincinnati, 0. Only the center of the tary.—HAROLD that Me linoleum top is glued J y ” The Bulldog is sent you for free inspection. ACKSON. Then, if satisfied, you make only small BIG BOOK toc! monthly payments, at our amazingly low ae a Bose of Mystery! pmene rice! a get Mg apis a and Mystify your friends. Easy to 7 ‘ x est. We ship from nearest point. y learn. This New 80 page Copy- | H. ow to Start IN TINKERING with consider buying any furnace until you find . weed —~ gt Le a watch, camera, out ye ithe ae. mone — atalog of Magic Tricks, Jokes, . special offer and our free catalog, together “ Puzzles and Imported Novelties Small Screws | or other article with the wonderful record of Bulldog suc- inchaded. Send 10s jeer! - containing very cess. Get Fondy for winter NOW! Mail this Sta. A, Dallas, Texas small screws, the householder who does coupon TODAY! not have a magnet handy often finds his pes Bulldog Furnace Co. ==4 ik z ‘ . % { ce «4 SEND FOR THE INTERNATIONAL serprorsiaeset ingenuity and patience sorely tried before | Babson Bros, Sole Distributors Z oi Fulllineofauto | he gets everything back in place. The — 19th & California Ave., Dept. (-136| Chicago M4 ” a B> Pecesories | flattened end of a wooden toothpick, if | m Me'your freceatalog and special ofteros the Bulle i me ‘ {° Wace | forced into the slot in the head of a tiny | % 4 Pipeless Furnace, " bae 4 Prices. Save | screw, will serve to start the screw. Then | @ TE NS ERR RENCE a mo! . . . de a pitedies by buying | it may be tightened with a small screw | F 4, - é i . Bical sinaes } | FOR FORDS- Prices from $27.88 up., Factory to driver.—JosEpH C. CoyLeE. " ’ Inlernational Body Works, 914 W. Ohio St., Dept. 8, Chicago, Ill. Address 2 © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Page 88

92 . POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 192 Guaranteed for FIVE l ‘ 4 Typ CWriter: Here’s the machine that big business uses—it’s best for you—and our offer makes it the biggest bargain. Get a rebuilt, five-year guaranteed Underwood while this lot lasts! : Everyone needs a typewriter; this offer leaves noex- cuse for not owning your own, standard machine. Try it free. Buy it when poe have proved it the greatest value in the field; on liberal terms. Rebuilt from topto bottom, not a worn part in the whole machine. Com- plete with tools, cover, etc. Ata dig saving. But you'll have to act promptly! Manual Free! Send at once for our catalog. \ We will send a free manual, too. Full information about the many uses of a typewrit- er; free course in touch type- writing; many typewritten forms; prices and terms. ecveeeeseeeeeseesesesessesesesse SHIPMAN-WarD Mre. Co. C 214 Shipman Bldg., Chicago Without obligation please send new edition of your big Typewriter Book in colors, the free Manual and touch typewriting course offers, etc. Name. Neweench tthe 150 Easy Payments If Desired Greatest value ever offered ina fine a Lathe. Back Geared, Screw utting. Price includes Counter- shaft and Equipment. Just what you need for general all-around work. Especially Suited for Garage Work With this small practical Bench Lathe, you can turn Commutators, undercut Mica, make bronze Bushings, reface Valves, ma- chine Pistons, cut threads, do turning, bor- ing, drilling, filing, polishing and hundreds of other jobs. It is the newest number of the complete line of South Bend Lathes. Write for Free Folder No. 22-B SOUTH BEND LATHE WORKS 825 E. Madison St., South Bend, Ind. Detienctnce 9 sn Rea RSE { UT Old Bill Says— ODERN methods demand modern equipment; the modern machin- ist must keep posted on the latest de- velopments in the trade. Talking about what you have done won’t get you far in this or any other shop; let’s see what you can do now. A hand reamer is never intended to be run with power or to take a heavy cut because it cuts only on the side. A chucking reamer cuts both on the end and side and may remove from 1/64 to 1/32 in. of metal, according to its size and the accuracy required. When reaming a number of pieces al- ways test the first hole to make sure that the reamer is not cutting oversize. If the hole should be undersize with a power reamer, it can be sized accurate- ly with a hand reamer. Oil on a reamer often has a tendency to make it cut undersize. A good me- chanic will never abuse the costly tools and machi- nery provided for his use. Always follow instructions on blueprints; do not depart from specifications without special instructions. Old Bill, machine shop foreman A little caution when starting an important piece of work is better than much haste—and being sorry at the finish. Never try to hurry a tapping job; it’s much better to take plenty of time than it is to break the tap. But this is nota suggestion to loaf on the job. It’s a Simple Matter to Set a Boring Tool " HAT are you trying to do to those bushings, Harry?” asked the Old Timer as he stopped a moment at a turret lathe, where a young workman was try- ing his best to bore out a number of bush- ings to size. There were twelve cast iron bushings, shown in Fig. 1 at A, with a 2%-in. cored hole through the center. They were to be bored and reamed to 3.000 in. with a_ tolerance of + .00Land— .000in. This called for careful machining to keep the work within the re- quired limits. “We haven’t got a 3-in. reamer in the place, John,” replied Harry, “and I’ve got to bore these bushings to size. I’m _ using two bor- y+ ing bars,onefor m@ roughing and == theother for fin- Y ishing, but I | can’t seem to get the finisher set to cut the right size.” “Look here, Harry,” said John. “In the first place, you ought to use three boring bars instead of two—bore the hole with the first to about two and nine hundred fifty 5 G. rm The work (Fig. 1), and setting the tool (Fig. 2) thousandths, with the second to about two and nine hundred eighty-five thou- sandths, and use the third for a finisher to bring your size. If you do this you won't have much trouble. Look at this sketch (Fig. 2); here’s your boring bar B= and your work. In setting your boring tools just take your microme- ter and measure right across the bar and tool as at D.” “Yes, but how do get the size to set the micrometer?” “Why that’s easy enough,” answered John. “Just take the diameter you want to bore and the diam- eter of the boring bar—add them together and divide by two. For example, your finish boring tool is to cut three inches; your bar is two inches. Then three plus two divided by two equals two and a half. Set your ‘mike’ to this size and adjust the tool to the measurement. For your rough- ing tools do the same thing. You may have to make a small adjustment on ac- count of the spring of the bar, but it won’t be much. It’s a good thing to remember this for all kinds of boring jobs.” And the Old Timer passed on down the shop. S a bricklayer in a steel mill, I had trouble with my hammer handle falling off because of the heat. In place of wedges, which did not hold, I drilled a hole into the end of the handle and used a bolt and washer to retain the head. A slot was cut: in the handle beneath the head to allow the nut to be inserted.— JAMEs C. Brown. © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INST/TUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Page 89

1926

an an he an ta lle Ce

August,, 1926

SE WATCH BOOK We will send this famous watch, e for you to examine, to inspect, to admire, to approve ithout one penny advance payment pare and be convinced it’s the best ever saw. Just a small payment down, the balance in HLY payments. You use the watch while easy MONT. paying for it. Just Out '—New “Santa Fe” Send for our New Watch Book—just off the press. All the newest watch case designs in fancy shapes and thin models are shown. Read gold, | - Wear the watch 30 days othing to risk. See the watch before you buy. Write for New Book Today—lIt’s FREE. Select our easy Ws any offer. FREE. Your Watch NOW Special, a beautiful gold E A limited offer! With every Santa Fe of exquisite pearls. Write today. SANTA FE WATCH COMPANY g., Topeka, Kansas (Home of the Great Santa Fe Railway) 880 Thomas Bld POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

xpress prepaid, . Examine the watch buy you Watch Book white or green chain or strand

“DON'T SHOUT”

The Merley Phone harmless. Anyone poem Write for booklet and testimonials.

. I'vea pair in my ears now, but they are invisible. I would not know Ihad them in, myself, only aN that I hear all right." is to the ears what glasses are to the eyes. Invisib comfortable, weigh can adjust i. Cree one hundred thog-

for the

cia let Write for Catalogue AMERICAN TOP & BOD Lake St.

THE MORLEY CO., Dept. 797, 10S. 18th Street, acon Direct from torpedo body in gray prime for your Ford. PS $39.00 buys this ) RACEABOUT < Factory Spe- 1 hood and bul- nose shell. Y co. De!phi, Ind.

Owna CORONA The portable typewriter built like an office ma- chine, Has four-row key- board and big- machine features throughout, Write to Corona Typewriter Co., Inc., 112 Main Street, Groton, New York

Cortiss JN4D-2 Training Plane: 48 pp. Catalog of Parts and Supplies-- IDEAL AEROPLANE & SUPPLY 163-165 Spring Street BUILD AND FLY A MODEL AEROPLANE Learn the principles of Aviation bd an a seen of | " jane, ca raw ing’ nm Building-Flying Instructions show you how. Dr tions for any one of the following lanes sent postpaid for 25 cents: . Haviland Plane; NC-4 Se Bleriot, Nieuport or Taube Monoplane: or Cecil Paoli Racer. awings and Instruc- aplane, 5c postpaid co. New York City

burn. Harmless. $1 joo d refunded if not fully y satibfied. Strong, Cobb& Co., 348 Central Av., Cleveland,O @ Be Sunburn-P OBURN absolutely prevents Sun- t/ bottle. om

[Deter Shop Methods| Burning-In Motor Bearings on an Engine Lathe | Sgreg-enn equipment for burning-in the bearings of a gas motor is ex- pensive, but the job may be done on an engine lathe if one is available. The universal joint is fitted to a bar of square stock and the bar is placed in the lathe chuck and trued up. Square stock

The motor is mounted on the lathe and turned by means of a bar held in the lathe chuck is better than round stock, for it does away with any tendency for the bar to turn in the chuck. After the tailstock of the lathe is re- moved, the motor is placed on the lathe and bolted down. The transmission cover was removed when the accompanying photograph was taken in order to show the attachment of the universal joint, but it is necessary to have the cover on while the lathe is running to prevent the oil from being thrown out.—Harvey Mrap

Simply Made Stops for Clamping Shallow Planer Work OMETIMES planer work is of such a shape that the regular stop holes cannot be used, and to meet this contin- gency one shop made a number of clamps like that illustrated. They are made of bar iron, and can be slipped into the tee slot at any point. The pressure of the screw against the work holds each firmly in position.— R. H. Kasper.

PLANER TABLE

Putting New Life into Worn Typewriter Rollers O RESTORE a worn typewriter or adding machine roller, I mount it on a lathe and file off the rough marks with a 12-in. fine cut file. The roller revolves at a fairly fast speed and little pressure is used, Then a piece of 00 sandpaper or finer is applied to smooth off the file marks. An additional polish may be given by holding the palm of the hand on the roller for a short time. This method re- moves the outer dead surface of the rub- ber and makes the roller almost like new again.—T. W. NUNHEIMER.

93 As easy as Snapshots

The perfected Made by motion F SP world famous picture ws MEMS producers of camera Pathe’ News Motion Picture $ Camera 5 A motion picture camera good enough for a professional, yet so handy in size you can put it in your pocket, so easy to work that anyone can take really fine motion pictures! It’s made by the world-famous Pathé. It’s simple, compact, reliable. Load it in the daylight in three seconds. Every Pathex film you take will be developed FREE by Pathé. Thousands of Pathex Cameras are in use here and abroad. How much better than the snap- shot album is your own library of motion pic- tures of family and friends, taken by yourself with a Pathex! You never tire of running them over and over with the Pathex Projector. See famous screen stars in your home See Harold Lloyd, Douglas Fairbanks, Bes- sie Love, Leo Maloney, Will Rogers,” Our Gang,” and other screen favorites —in your own home. See sport, travel, nature, sci- ence pictures. You buy them from Pathex as you would buy phonograph records; only $1.00 and $1.75 per reel. A nearby store will gladly demonstrate Pathex Cameras, Projectors, and selections from Pathex Motion Picture Library. Sold everywhere on budget payments. Should there be no dealer conveniently near, write us. Send TODAY for the big FREE Pathex book on personal motion pictures. Note to dealers: Pathex terri- tory still open in some parts of country. Supply the demand for this camera in your locality! Act NOW: write us today for the Pathex proposition.

Pathex, Inc. (A subsidiary of Pathé Exchange, Inc.) 35 West 45th St., New York : Gentlemen: Please send me the big, FREE illustrated Pathex book “Your Own Motion Pictures in Your Own Home:” Name Address

PS. 8

® This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS ‘See page 6,

Page 90

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 192

XEN TARTAN TAN SANS. SHOCK-PROOF!

STRAP WATCH

Money! ! wonderfu “SHOCK - PROOF” x. for us in El J and WALTHAM Watch Co’s ed for hunting, camping, golfing, Bab ing, , strenuous outdoor sports, office Has double-strength main- spr! Soe ghezie. winten , eacapement. fo, Super vious to weather re ao no e' cts tne tonite Bt “D STE OF, herpeeatins uy Onan

nm pe i: wins admiring fn ag ok darkness. Sire atc! a. BLOOD! 23: 15 es muine pigskin. A stard St MEN lish 01 A st fu inctions, enough for most strenuous ¢ ts. Regul i $30, "8. por! 3. ‘ular price, Huge, orders for this model gain us price concession, r’’ price Our® * Direct-to-user’’ We ask for OB Money in Bur Plam advance! WN ey on i “ Use, ENJOY this SHOCK- td» ! PROOF Sirap Watch zo Days’ ty ¥ AB. 0- LUTELY FREE if ple pleased you may pay on Budget Plan $5.00 MONTHLY $ or, if you wish to pay oh ate — 10 days, deduct $1. of and send Chec' vmod a Order for $22. Otherwise r NO Money! Pay NOTHING o on ieee Order NOW! Check below make desired ELGIN 0 WALTHAM [] SEAVER-WILLIAMS co.

STREET, BOSTON, MASS. Sole Distributors of the SHOCK-PROOF Strap Watch Clip ant well le Ad, NOW! Please tell us somethi about We will appreciate and respect the a "HAN. ‘OU! P.S. 8-26 J PLUMBING and HEATING BUY AT WHOLESALE SAVE Send coupon for FREE bargain catalog. Explains our new easy method and _ shows everything in highest grade Plumbing Outfits, Plants, Water Supply tems, Pipe, Fittings, éte. For 50 years we have been saving our customers hundreds of thousands of {dollars and now we have made arrangements so that you can BUY ON EASY TERMS

All-Cast Pipetess Furnace nd us a rough sketch of your rooms and we will figure the wholesale cost of Heating Plant or “lumbing Out- fit designed especially to fit your home. Kinks and Wrinkles and Savings that will surprise you. With our simplified plans and new easy method you can do the in- stalling. We loan tools FREE Our Bonded Guarantee is backed by Million Dollar Plant and 50 Years in Business. ae ablis PL 106-16 W, Pershing Rd., Chicago | > SS (SS8e8eeeennsees AIL "THE COUPON NOW! seseessesesezess Hardin- Lavin Co.,106-16 W Pershing Rd.,Chica: P.S.8-26 Gentlemen: Please send me your FREE BA Cait CATA- LOG with special wholesale prices. I am interested in: OiHeating Plant O)Plumbing Outfit ADDRESS.

. STATE. ARITHMETIC OF ELECTRICITY A practical treatise on electrical calculations of all kinds reduced to a series of rules, all of the simplest forms, and involving only = ordinary arithmetic. 200 up. Price, $1.50. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

An Adjustable Taper Boring Tool for the Drill Press _—o first made for boring taper holes in crossheads on a drill press, the tool shown in the drawing may be used for any taper boring on a drill press, milling machine, or horizontal boring machine. To be successful, it must be carefully made; the slides and joints must be tight and it should be used in a ma- chine having no end play in the spindle. The bar C is of machine steel, tapered to fit the spindle, and has a slot for a re- taining key as shown. It is planed out (on a taper) to give room for the feed

-f g 4 a: = = Wi:

2 Ibe WZ) 5 7 p———+-) (-<———o§ =) aes SroOOT Pad O000ODOOODE

YM Various tapers

D =| N can be bored with HEIN this attachment, E = N which has a star . l . wheel for feed screw D and nut, and has grooves to fit the tongues on slide B. The feed screw is journaled in the bar and has a pair of miter gears and a star wheel at the upper end for a power feed. The tool holder A is a good fit on the slide, and is provided with a hole and set screw G for a tool. Another screw goes through to engage loosely the feed nut. Various tapers, or even straight holes, can be bored with this tool, for the slide B is pivoted near the top and can be ad- justed by the screws E, one of which is a set screw and the other a cap screw. After an adjustment is made, additional se- curity is provided by several screws F bearing on the slide tongues.

Screw Key for Light Drives A SIMPLE, cheap and effective meth- od of keying a shaft and pulley to- gether is shown in the accompanying il- lustration. While this way of fastening is applicable only where the end of the shaft is flush with one face of the pulley, and should not be tried where a hard pull is required, it is highly effective in those still numerous cases where it may be applied. Its chief advantages are that it does away with the necessity of cutting two keyways, an oper- ation for which many of the small- \@ er shops are not \\e well prepared, at Mit least when it comes mi to forming the in- y) ternal keyway, and that it posi- tively locates and

holds the pulley in This keying method P0Osition on_ the “ii many applications Shaft longitudinal- ly, besides acting as the driving link. Al] that it is necessary to do can be done in the drill press and with a tap. This method possesses the added ad- vantage of doing away with all trouble in disassembling the parts. While the pulley and shaft should be flush i in drilling and tapping the keyhole, it is still possible to adjust the pulley on the shaft by a prede- termined small amount, that is, the width of a thread. The key-screw, being auto- matically under a tension while the shaft is running, is less likely to work loose than a radial set screw. This fastening method also can be ap- plied to many non-moving parts, where the circumferential and longitudinal posi- tion must be held.—HeEnry Sron.

Sheet Metal Screw Driver Guide MECHANIC was tighten- ing up a screw in a turret lathe tool holder when sud- denly the screw driver slipped and he suffered a badly cut hand. Not wishing to repeat the experience, he devised a simple sheet metal guard bent to fit over the screw. The metal piece was sweated in place and a hole drilled for the entrance of the screw driver. In the illustration the guard is shown in use on a drill holder, where the thin wall of the holder makes it preferable to use a slotted screw rather than one requiring a wrench.

Screw driver guard on a tool holder

Special Chuck for Holding Light Brass Rings MANUFACTURING shop with a quantity of thin brass rings of the shape shown in broken lines in the illus- tration had considerable difficulty in ma- B, GC, A --¥--- fears Ud Wj “i aS. SPANNER WRENCH HOLE How the chuck is made. cated by dotted lines, is held by the expan- sion of ring C, which is operated by cam D

~BRASS RING The work, indi- chining them on the outside when holding them in the usual chucks or on an arbor. The special expansion chuck illustrated was then designed and made. The ring C is expanded by the eccentric D. This ring is made of tool steel and givena spring temper; the ends are beveled as indicated at E. The rings A and B are turned to a sliding fit in the brass rings to be ma- chined. A small handle F serves to oper- ate the eccentric.—Frank N. CoaKLeY.

250 Fourth Avenue W YORK IS] This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Augt

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+] e ' 2 Hit tit | ie eh Za f) Het ts fi cali ZAIIDA 4; | You, too, can have a Beautiful Garden NotHinc will add more to the attractiveness of a well-kept garden than an arbor, especially if it has comfortable seats. This arbor, with its arched top, its quaint gate, and its two roomy seats, is a perpetual invitation for one to linger and rest. Although of distinctive de- sign and substantial construction the arbor may be built easily by any one who can handle a hammer and saw. A further advantage of this arbor is ts adaptability to various uses and locations. Besides being used as a garden gate, it can be used to add architectural distinction to an other- wise plain front entrance to the house or to decorate the side entrance to a garage. If the gate is not desired it may be omitted, although it adds materially to the charm of the arbor. If there is not sufficient depth available for the seats, or if the seats are not needed, they also may be omitted so that the arbor will consist only of an arched latticework over the gate. No skill with tools is required. A very simple blueprint has been pre- pared that will help you build this charming addition to your garden. The Blueprint includes a bill of mate- rial needed. It will be sent to any address on receipt of 25¢c. PopuLar SCIENCE MONTHLY = “se = 250 Fourth Avenue, « "we 9.404 Ie New York 6-25 es 4 L "ee. a rT SCIENCE MONTHLY 250 Fourth Avenue, New York I am enclosing 25c for which please send me Blueprint No. 9 of the Arbor, Gate and Swing. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ree "ea POPULAR OD es =-.4¥ “ee, = ~ as ". Detter Shop Metihoes: Can You Grind a Drill? (Continued from page 66) sent them back to be burred because the holes looked like this—”’’ and he made a sketch as at B, Fig. 4. “We have had to use a countersink to remove the burr. The assembling department doesn’t mind a little burr, but these were too rank. Is there any way we can get rid of the burr?” “Why don’t you use a flat drill like this?” asked Grimes, making a sketch as in Fig. 5. : “Take a piece ° ° 4 of drill rod and form the end as at A. This will go through the . ols metal without tearing it as a N ° twist drill does FIG3 . and I do not ° ° think any burr- FIG.4 SECTION ing will be nec- essary. Inci- dentally, this work should not be drilled anyway—it is too slow. All six holes should be done at one time on a punch press. I will suggest making punches and dies for the job next time it comes through.” “We had a drilling job a year or two ago that was pretty mean,” said Harvey. “The accounting department sent down twenty thousand sheets of paper (Fig. 6) and wanted us to drill six holes—three- sixteenth inch—along the edges so they could file them in loose-leaf binders. We made a jig plate to locate the holes and then clamped about one hundred sheets at a time together and drilled them with a twist drill. The first and last sheets in the pile were not very good but the ones in the center were not bad. How could we have done that job easier?” “The best kind of drill for paper is of tube form (as shown at B), the right out- side diameter, relieved inside, and tapered to a keen edge. It should be tempered to dark brown and should be run about one hundred feet per minute. The inside is back tapered to allow the paper cuttings to pass through freely. Frequent cleaning is, of course, necessary. This type of drill cuts freely and The result of grinding a drill off center (Fig. 3) and drilling job that gave trouble (Fig. 4) gives a_ very clean hole. “A similar method is sometimes used for drilling glass or porcelain, but copper or brass tubing is employed faced off square on theend. Car- borundum and light oil are fed under the end of the tube with a stick of wood. The glass should be well supported on felt or rubber and the drill should go through the support after passing through the glass, to avoid frac- ture. A three-cornered file lubricated with camphor and (Continued on page 103) BACK TAPER+14 r SHARP EDGE~| {ij —— FIG.5 000 ooo A flat drill (Fig. 5) and a hollow paper drill (Fig. 6) Porcelain handles will stay tight if set with SMOOTH-ON No. 1 O MAKE porcelain handles tight on bath tub and wash bowl fau- cets, and on sink and flush tank pulls, fill the hole in the handle with a soft putty of Smooth-On No. 1, and then force the handle onto its spindle. Once the Smooth-On hardens, it becomes solid metallic iron, which will keep the handle tight for all time. You your- self can make this repair equal to a professional job and at a cost of only a few cents. Keep Smooth-On handy and you can save much money on such repairs as:—Stopping leaks in steam, water, gas, oil or stove pipes, mending cracks, breaks or leaks in furnaces and boilers, radiators, tanks, sinks, pots and pails, making loose handles tight on umbrellas, knives, hammers, brushes, drawers, etc., tightening loose screws, hooks, locks, door knobs, etc. Use it also on your car for making burst water jackets and pumps good as new, stopping leaks in radiator, hose connections, gas tank, and gas, oil and exhaust lines, making a fume-proof joint between exhaust pipe fi] and tonneau heater, tight- My ening loose headlight posts, 1 keeping grease cups, hub caps and nuts from loosen- ing, etc. Get Smooth-On No. 1 J in 7-oz. or 1 or 5-lb. i can at your hardware store, or if you want us to send a 7-0z. sample can, enclose 35 cts. in stamps. Smooth-On Mfg. Co. Dept. 58, 574 Communipaw Ave. JERSEY CITY, N. J. How to make JE -“AUTOMOBILE Write for FREE BOOK Doi with SMOOTH ON Sa eee eee eS BSS eS eS eS eS See a ae eee eee SMOOTH-ON MFG. CO., Dept. 58, 574 Communipaw Ave., Jersey City, N. J. Please send the free Smooth-On Repair Book. eee eee ee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee ee eee eee ee eee | Return this coupon for a FREE copy of Booklet © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY August, 192% FREE RAILROAD FARE TO CHICAGO WHEN YOU ENROLL Student Winding Stator Make Your Career a Happy One in the Clean, Fascinating, Profitable Field of ELECTRICITY. COYNE-Trained Men Are in Demand. Here’sa proposition that should arouse the enthusiasm of every red-blooded, ambitious fellow. Why not make this — happiest and most —— season? Cometo Chicago, the great, interesting resort city and place of big opportunities. I’ll pay your railroad fare here, and you can repare yourself, in 12 happy weeks at COYNE ELECTRICAL SCHOOL, to join the ranks of success- ul Big Pay men. y gamble on other lines Et work when the field of lectricity offers millions of amazing opportunities ? Complete Electrical Training in 12 Happy Weeks —WNot by Correspond All Practical Work— I have-started thousands of men, young and old, on the road to success and independence. I can do the same for you. I teach you everything in Electricity from A to Z, by practical instruction. Nothing that will help to make you a success is left out. Experience, peetion — | EARN While You LEARN Not N ed y Employment Department helps you get a job to earn a good part of your expenses and assists you to a good I can teach you electricity in 12 weeks, regardless of job on graduation. your education or experience because I teach you ° every detail inasimple, logical PRACTICAL man- Hear WGES on the Air ner, letting ap work out problems on thousands of Listen inon COYNE Radio Station WGES; wave length, dollars’ worth of modern electrical apparatus in my 250 meters. Always an interesting program. COYNE shops. M d men with years of experience. You'll Enjoy a Season in Chicago—the Wonderful Learn in Chicago, Electrical Center of the World Catcag 5 is the great electrical and industrial center, Resort City therefore it presents real opportunities for you. Chicago, on beautiful Lake Michigan, is the Nation’s Play- Along with my shop training you visit the big in- ground. Free Bathing Beaches, Beautiful Parks, Excur- dustrial organizations and power plants and see every kind of electrical equipment in operation, on every kind of job, under all conditions. enjoy all these and still have plenty of time for your Electrical £ Send Coupon Now for My _ ciucation. Big, New FREE Book! a Right now I am making one of the greatest offers ever % 2 tical Training Institution, My offer includes FREE AILROAD FARE to Chicago from any place in the U. S.; also extra special FREE Radio and Auto Courses. Be sure to — the coupon AT aes even if you are .o come sion Boats and the great Municipal Pier, Zoos, Ball Parks. The daylight saving plan makes it possible’ for you to Get PRACTICAL Training in the Great Shops of It will pay you well to read, eve month, the “Money Making Opportu. nities” Section.. For there lies your future—y our road to promotion and greater earning power—the quick, eas way to win the worth-while things of life, In a few minutes you can survey the opportunities in dozens of attractive pro- fessions and trades, pick out those which appeal to you most, and write to the ad- vertisers for full particulars. Poputar ScreNcE Monrtuty believes that every man has the power of success within himself. No matter what others may tell you, no matter what obstacles you have to overcome, if you want to]’ succeed, then you can succeed. Read all the advertisements in this section and see how easily you can be what you want to be. $25 in CASH PRIZES For the best letter of 170 words or less answering the question— ‘‘What advertisement in the ‘Money- Making Op- portunities’ Section inter- ests you most—and why?”’’ we will pay on September 10th the following— CASH PRIZES First Prize $10.00 Second Prize 5.00 Third Prize 3.00 Seven Prizes of $1.00 Each 7.00 First read every advertisement in the Money-Making Oppor- tunities Section on pages 104 to 127. Pick out the one that in- terests you most and then write a letter—not exceeding 170 words —telling us why you find the advertisement you have selected the most interesting. Entries for the contest will H. C. LEWIS, President a close on August Ist. The prize Coyne Electrical School { winners and their letters will be 1300-10 W. Harrison St., Dept. C-136 & published in the October issue Chicago, Hlinois e of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. Dear H. C.—I sure want one of those big hand- H eRe eee Scere, Sead Ie ae sites F Address your letter to a a—-m.mmm Contest Editor z = ELECTRICAL SCHOOL . a MONEY-MAKING OPPORTUNITIES Gs ae Snips on 6u0s 000000000000 0s 0s 000 0d 666 a Founded 1899—27th Year . H. C. LEWIS, President POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 4 250 Fourth Ave., New York AGATESS 10. cece cesecccccccceccccccccesccerses s 1300-10 WwW. Harrison Street ’ = Dept. C-136 CHICAGO, ILL. ee ee Serer: ‘twee — August, Witt ou tow and For | tool: elec!

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MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION 4) DG os hcl AON WE Wee et Vie *| 88 Yes cy am , a @ It’s a shame for you to earn $15 or $20 or $30 a week, when in the same £.2.cooxe 81 days thousands of men as Electrical Experts are making $70 to $200—and Chief Engineer 0 it easier—not work half so hard. Why then remain in the small-pay game, in a line of work that offers no chance, no big promotion, no big income? Today even the ordinary Electrician—the “screw driver” kind— Y . ] is making money—big money. Butit’sthe trained man—the man who knows the whys and wherefores of Electricity—the Electri- cal Expert—who is picked out to “boss” the ordinary Electricians —to boss the big jobs—the jobs that pay $3,500 to $10,000 a year. Get in line for one of these “Big Jobs.” Start by enrolling now for my easily learned, quickly grasped, right-up-to-the-minute, Spare-Time Home-Study Course in Practical Electricity. Age or Lack of Experience A, No Drawback hc You don’t have to be a College Man; you don’t have to be a High School Graduate. As Chief Engineer of the Chicago Engineering Works, I know exactly the kind of training you need, and I will give you that training. My Course in Electricity is simple, thor- ough and complete and offers every man, regardless of age, edu- cation or previous experience, the chance to become, in a short time, an “Electrical Expert,” able to make from $70 to $200 a week. Your Satisfaction Guaranteed So sure am I that you can learn Electricity—so sure am I that after studying with me, you, too, can get into the “big money” class in electrical work, that I will guarantee under bond to re- turn every single penny paid me in tuition, if, when you have finished my Course, you are not satisfied it is the best investment you ever made. And back of me in my guarantee, stands the Chicago Engineering Works, Inc., a two million dollar institution, thus zssuring to every student enrolled, not only a wonderful training in Electricity, but an unsurpassed Student Service as well, Free Book on Electricity I want to send you my Electrical Book and Proof Lessons, both Free. These cost you nothing and you'll enjoy them. Make the start today fora , Fit yourself for a real job in the great electrical industry. I’ll show you how. Be an Electrical Expert Learn to Earn $3,500 to $10,000 a Year $700 in 24 Days “‘Thanks to your interest- ing Course I made over$700 in 24 days in Radio. Of course, this is a little above the average but I run from $10 to $40 clear profit every day, so you can see what your training has done for me." FRED G.McNABB. 7 W. 16th St., Atlanta, Ga. $20 a Day —for Schreck “Use Me ¢ name as a refer- ence s and depend on me asa booster. The biggest thing I ever did was answer your ad- my own business now. J used to make $18 a week.’’ bright future in Electricity. Send in Coupon—Now! L. L. COOKE, \, A. SCHRECK, Phoenix, Arizona F- Chicago Pay Raised | Engineering Works 150% 2150 Lawrence Ave. “was adumbbell inelec- | Dept. 3-€ Chicago pe ayteony At dy eo” ~—s LL. COOKE — With d tical Ik t home now haye ch = Get Started Ne ow! Co Dept. 3 ; Who Makes _— mec. ant inc in mo cme: ” You eek om hy pn poatang 8 fom lessons and direct a force of 34men F 2150 Lawrence Big-Pay — electricians, helpers, etc. My oer has gone up more than . od GEO. ILLINGWORTH, ad 63 Calumet Road, Holyoke, Mass. to work at your profession in the regular way and make extra money in your spare time. For this you need tools, and I give them to you 5 big complete working outfits, with tools, measuring instruments, and a real electric motor = 5 outfits in all. Mail Coupon ,¢’ Ave., Chicago Men * Send me at once without obligation your big illustrated book and complete details of your Home Stu # Electricity, including your outfit and employment service offers. ly Course in seesceeees eoeces

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98 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION August, 192%

Adding Machines

FREE trial, marvelous new adding machine. Adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides automatically. Work equals $350.00 machine. Price only $15.00. Speedy, Five-year guarantee. Used by largest corporations. Write today for catalog and free Lightning Calculator Co., Dept. O, Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Advertising Services

ADVERTISE in 24 metropolitan dailies, 24 words, $15.00. Helpful Guide listing 1000 pg 4¢ stamps. Wade Company, Baltimore Bldg., Chicago. 24 WORD ad 355 rural weeklies, $14.20, RMSE 4112P Hartford, St. Louis. CUUNTRY papers. All publications. European, Foreign. Lowest rates. Catalog. Owl Agency, Times Building, New York.

Authors and Manuscripts PHOTOPLAY—Story, Ideas wanted. $25-$500 paid. Experience unnecessary; outline Free to anyone. Write Producers League, 312, St. Louis. SONG Poems wanted. Radio Publicity Bureau, 24 Times Square Station, New York. I WANT song poems. Casper Nathan, J-3544 No. Racine, Chicago. $$$ FOR IDEAS. ap sony lots considered in any form. Write today for free . Universal Scenario Company, 214 winx J Bldg., neal Monica & Western Ave., Hollywood, Cali SONG Poem Writers—Write Ray Hibbeler, D10, 2104 N. Keystone Ave., Chicago.

cAutomobiles and cAccessories DELIVERY bodies for Ford Model T. Chassis with inclosed cab, suitable for Contractors, Grocerymen and Farmers. Three styles. Price $42. 60. Write Daniel Zimmerman, Craigville, Indiana. SEND 25 cts. for a Headlight Telltale, attaches securely to lens, no drilling. Handy Dental Specialty Co., Somerville, Mass. PENTROLINE auto spring oil for easy riding. 50¢ quart postpaid. Pentfoline, Box 112, Clarendon, GET your Ford timer up from grease and an =. vator Bracket with wipe contact rotor, complete $3.50. 10 days free trial. Croft Accessories Sales, Montpelier, oO.

Il Aviation Rates 30 Cents a Word. A 10% discount is allowed on all contracts for six consecutive inser- tions. Advertisements intended for the Oct., 1926 issue should be received by Aug. 5th. Branch Offices ATTORNEYS and others wanting Mail Ad¢ress in Washington, D. C. Write Service, 517 Kresge Bldg. ert neers MMR A tt

Chalk Talks LAUGH producing program, $1.00. Catalog. tree tree, Cartoonist Balla, Oshkosh, \ isconsin. Distributors Wanted WORLD'S fastest selling auto accessory. County distributors wanted; write to-day. G. L. W., Sp Oiler Co., San Diego, California.

Business Opportunities FREE Book. Start little Mail Order business. Fier 72-E Cortland Street, New York. BUSINESS Guide with free legal service sells every- where. Wells cleared $1,185 in 35 days. Write for free outfit. Nichols Co., Naperville, Ill., Dept. 1B. USED correspondence school courses. All kinds. Sold on re-purchase basis. Big saving. Money back guarantee. Lists free. (Courses bought.) Lee Mountain, Pisgah, Alabama. LEARN the collection business. Good income; quick results. Interesting booklet, “Skillful Collecting,” free. National Collector's Association, Science Building, New- ark, Ohio. BECOME a Foot Correctionist. A New Profession not medical nor chiropody. All the trade you can attend to; Many are making $3000 to $10,000 yearly, easy terms for training by mail, no further capital needed or goods to buy, no agency or soliciting. Address Stephenson Labora- tory, 10 Back Bay, Boston, Mass. STOP plodding! Be successful. Operate a tire repair shop. Make big profits in any locality. We teach you and furnish complete equipments, $100 up. Book of Oppor- ees free. Haywood’s, 1306 South Oakley Avenue,

SUCCEED With Your Own Products—Make them yourself. Formulas, Processes, Trade-Secrets. Modern master methods. Catalog free. C. Thaxly Co., Wash- ington, D.C. RESPONSIBLE manuiacturer wants competent men to manage office and salesmen. $300 to $1500 necessary; will allow sapreees to Trenton if you qualify. Address Manager, 536.Forst Richey Bldg., Trenton, N. J. anata procured; Trade Marks Registered—A mprehensive, experienced, Yeon service for the pro- tectlo on and development o your ideas. Preliminary advice gladly furnia ed without charge. Booklet of in- senate and form for disclosing idea free on request. hard B. Owen, 44 Owen Bldg., Washington, D. C., - “41 Z Park Row, New York. WANTED—Representatives in every factory in the United States. Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York. MAIL Order Booklet, 2c. Harvey Teeple, Decatur, Indian MAKE $80 weekly; free Secaile show how. Winner, Box 615, Philadelphia, Pa.

_— to buy goods.

THE American School of Aviation announces a new correspondence course in mechanics of aviation. thorough training in practical aeronautics. American School of hs gee Dept. 6741, 3601 Michigan Ave., Chicago, Illinois. THREE-foot mounted propeller for 25c. Ave., Detroit, Mich. WANTED Ten Men interested in earning aviation school tuition. Send 25c for booxlet and full details. Aircraft Dept., Box 502, Peoria, Ill. A SIMPLE, Thorough Home Course in Flying. Pre- a by Licensed Pilot. Costs Only $1. Sen ‘for It w. Airway School. San Mateo, Calif. AVIATION Turnbuckles. For trueing up sageing gates and doors and many other uses. Large 30 cents. Medium, 25 cents. Small, 20 cents. 3 Tooke, 65 cents rong Johnson Airplane and Supply Co., Dayton, Ohi PROPELLERS for Air Propulsion. Information, blue a, of vital things one must know, to build an air- Yong Bene — "On Fag Crawford Airplane Manufactory, Nd

flying model aeroplanes. 12-inch Aero Shop, 3050 Hurlbut

eT . ii ag 4 for booklet. Robertson Air- ak Corpn., Anglum. NR TA Boats and Launches SPEEDY boat, Ford propelled, easily built, blueprint and directions; sixty cents. Marine cooler booklet free to Ford boat owners. C. C. Hubbell, 4D East Ave., Norwalk, Conn.

EARN Big Money with Merrygoround, Ferris Wheels, Novelty Riding Devices, Everywhere. ‘‘MooreMaid,” LaPeer, Mich. WANTED—Representatives in B see factory in the United States. hnecennel Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York

Dogs a BEAUTIFUL registered bull pups cheap. Bulldogs, 501 Rockwood, Dallas, Texas.

Education and Instruction

BOOKKEEPING ina — $2 complete. Dukes, 649 West 153d Street, New Yo CORRESPONDENCE Searace sold complete: 1-3 usual prices because slightly used; easy terms; money back guarantee. All schools and subjects. Write for special Free catalog. C —— bought for cash. Economy Educator Service, 202-N. West 49th St., New York. CARTOONING and Commercial Art, 25 lessons, 300 Illustrations, 2 clothbound volumes and drawing outfit $5 postpaid. Catalog +24 Nu-Way Art School, 220 Graham Ave., Brooklyn, N ms AMBITIOUS men, learn auto radiator a Every detail taught. Individual instructions gene repairman. Bixlers Radiator Institute, Pranic ort, Ky. STUDY Patent Solicitation. Full information, Patent Law, 301 Hennepin Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. FOR “free tuition course’’ in nage Ay Dowriting by mail, apply Carnegie College, Rogers, CORRESPONDENCE Courses. All — Lowest prices. Terms. Catalog Free. Mention Subject. Fred Goetz, 440-B Sansome, San Francisco. WRITING Increases Income for You. 50,000 mage- zines and newspapers want your short- stories, long- stories, poems, articles, jokes, screen plays, etc. Songs are wanted to supply big demand. Write for your cc y Profitable Writing. Explains. Co-Operative Se Company, 317 N. 42nd St., Philadelphia. STUDY Microbiology, Earn $300.00 a Month, Residential and Extension Course in Bacteriology, Sanitation. Diplomas, Degrees -r Piece Urinalysis Outfit Free to Studen Write for Free Prospectus today. International Gaines of Malcnobaclean 7202 West Grand Ave., Chicago. SIMPLIFIED, practical Bookkeeping or Stenography, 25c. Marr, Teacher, Nashville, Tenn.

SUCCEED—Our twenty scientific processes put you wise. Excellent. 50c. No stamps. Holland, Box B-473, Astoria, Oregon. “DOUBLE entry bookkeeping mastered in 60 hours with 8 keys; guaranteed; diploma.”’ International Book- keeping Institute, Desk 10, Springfield, Mo.

AVERAGE $1.00 and up per hour refinishing furniture. Painting experience useful but unnecessary. Write for ote Bairs Furniture Refinishing System, P. O. x 2327, Cleveland, O. GET dollars by mail. My free circular tells how. Eric Johnson, Private Box 253, Chesterton, Ind. GET 8% interest on small sums secured by first mortgage. Write for information. W.G. Conger, In- dependence, Missouri. BIG money working spare time. Operating ‘‘Master- Business-Plan."" Raymond Schenck, Butler, Pa. Bay money quickly to promote business, invention any proposition, by using our inexpensive proved unfailing method. Get _ circular. Interstate Com- mercial Service, Elizabeth, N. J. LEARN privilege craig, remunerative returns, $150 » — Write Paul Kaye, 149 Broadway, New or LET us tell you free 24 ways to make money. It ma mean your financial independence. Leonard Cinciolo, Dept. B, 123 Holcombe, Montgomery, Ala. START a safe permanent business, requires few hours weekly, large profits. Heileman Co., 422 East 79th St., New York. SPARE Time Home Work Information. Worth hundreds of dollars, 10c. Whitney, Box 55D, Station C, Cincinnati, Ohio.

BUILD your own boat:—Newly designed Speedy V-Bottom Out-Board motor, Runabouts, Cabin Cruisers, etc., 55 models KNOCK-DOWN or patterns. Send 25c for catalog. Brooks Boat Co., Inc., Salt Street, Saginaw West Side, Mich. WANTED—Representatives in every factory in the United States. Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York Blue Prints TO the man who has a Home Workshop and likes to work with tools, Popular Science Monthly offers the opportunity to purchase blueprints giving details of the construction of useful articles for the home. The follow- ing are a few of the blueprints available: No. 1, Table, No. 5, Kitchen Cabinet, No. 13, Tea Wagon, No.

15, Worksh a. No. 17, Cedar and Mahogany ee No. 41, One Radio Set, No. 42, Radio Receiver with three stages of am amplification, No. 43, Four Tube Radio Receiver, 44 and odel Pirate Ship, 46 and 47, Spanish Galleon, 48, Model Sailing Yacht.’ Send 25c for each blue Brine that you wish to Popular Science Monthly, 242 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y.

WE Start you in business, furnishing everything. Men and women, opportunity to earn $35 to $100 week- ly operating Ragsdale’s original ‘‘New System Specialty Candy Factories’’ anywhere; wholesale or retail. Big commercial candy k free. W. Hillyer Ragedale, Drawer 19, East Orange, N. J. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.’’ It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘ ‘How You can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.”” You'd like to know, wouldn’t you? Adress your inquiry to: Manager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York.

Business Services BUSINESS Problems Solved—all kinds—buying, selling, financial, increasing business, advertising, get- ting men, etting positions, special formulas, processes etc. Long usiness experience, thorough research, com- plete files of information. C ‘complete solution of problem $5, particulars free. Satisfaction guaranteed. All con- fidential. National Information Bureau, 316J Shepard Building, Grand Rapids, Michigan.

COMMONWEALTH Institute offers Home Study Courses. Patent Law; Commercial Law; Community and Political leadership; Journalism; Civil Service; Languages. Other courses. Pay monthly. Diploma — Commonwealth Tustitute, 53 W. Jackson 8t., cago

Electrical

YOU Will Know—how to maintain and locate troubles of electrica] motors, controllers and apparatus. Heating of field magnets, commutators and armatures. Spare brushes, reasons why? and remedies. Completed wi hook-up diagrams, calculations and formulas. Master Key handbook for electricians. Post-paid only $2.00. J 4 Sales & Trading Co., 1457 Broadway, New York,

=

THE < yee Wiring Manual, By F. E. Seng- stock, E. E. Contains all the information needed for the proper installation of lighting and power systems in ouses and other buildings. It completely covers inside electrical bok J and construction in accordance with the National Electric Code. Pocket size—fiexible bind- ing. 448 pp. Price $2.50. Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York City. =

Financing and Investments

STOCKS—Bonds, Domestic—Foreign, bought—sold, Dealers in all marketable securities. Frank G. Everett & Co., 20 Broad St. New York. Formulas SPECIAL Formulas for Manufacturing and Business purposes. Any one you want $5. You must be satisfied or your money will be refunded promptly. National Information Bureau, 316H Shepard Building, Grand Rapids, Michigan. HERB Doctor Book—10 Cents. 250 Receipts for making herb medicine. eg Company, Box |, Vanderveer Branch, Brooklyn, N. FORMULAS—ALL KINDS. € Shine Free. Laboratories, Park Ridge, Illinois. SUCCEED With Your Own Products—Make them yourself. Formulas, Processes, ee. Modera master pene. Catalog free. C. Thaxly Co., Wash ington, D. C.

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(Continued on page 99)

August

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Complete List of PRIZE WINNERS in the June Contest FIRST PRIZE $50 Lieut. John H. Schirmer, New York, N. Y. (National Salesmen’s Training Association) SECOND PRIZE $25 Frederick J. Pease, Wauwatosa, Wis. (Lederer School of Drawing) THIRD PRIZE $10 Rose Kathryn Moore, Huntington Park, Calif. (Prof. Henry Dickson) PRIZE WINNERS who receive $1.00 each for their letters: Howard Lord, Clearfield, Pa. (International Correspondence Schools) Edward Kent Whitcomb, Lancaster, N. H. (Coyne Electrical School) J. R. Glenn, Harrisburg, Penn. (Meyer Both Company) Mrs. W. F. Sandmann, Indianapolis, Ind. (Victor J. Evans & Co.) P. R. Kern, Belleville, Illinois (Northwestern School of Taxidermy) Thomas Ballotta, New York, N. Y. (Economy Educator Service Co.) George D. Reynolds, Altoona, Pa. (La Salle Extension University) J. E Parker, Parker, N.C. (Theo. Audel & Co.) Mrs. A. E. Graham, Moline II. (Furniture Studios) Clement Capuano, Brooklyn, N. Y. (American School of Aviation) Phillip Boyle, Wilkes Barre, Pa. (Washington School of Cartooning) Rubin Heisner, New York, N. Y. (International Correspondence Schools) Charles L. Kimball, Hallandale, Fla. (Victor J. Evans & Co.) Charles Nelson, Academy, S. D. (McGraw-Hill Book Co.) (International Correspondence Schools) William Weaver, Santa Anna, Texas (American School of Aviation)

For Inventors INVENTOR’'S Universal Educator—contains mechanical movements; 50 perpetual motions. how to obtain and sell patents.

800 Tells i Suggests new ideas. Explains how to select your attorney and avoid patent sharks. Price (revised edition), $1.50 postpaid. Albert E. Dietrich, 681 Ouray Bldg., Washington, D. C. UNPATENTED Ideas Can be Sold. I tell you how and help you make the sale. Free particulars (Copy- righted). Write W. T. Greene, 805 Jenifer Building, Washington, D. C. INVENTIONS Commercialized. Patented or un- mg Write Adam Fisher Mfg. Co., 183 Enright, St. 8, Mo.

WANTED—Representatives in every factory in the United States. Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York. SELL your patented or unpatented invention. Write for my three plans. Free. Hartley, 44 Central St., Bangor, Maine INVENTORS: Get this pamphlet—“What to vent.” No theory or guess work, but things actually outed for by manufacturers. Sent prepaid for only $1.00. hventors’ Syndicate, 23 Paladium Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. de VENTORS—Preliminary investigations c y to termine if your inventions are patentable. Neither Preparing nor prosecuting applications for patents, I 4m in a position to ae you honest opinions. Com- Bunications secret. . Emmitt Patterson, Barrister ldg., Washington, D. C E YOUR ideas developed. Confidential. Drawings made. Taperimental tests conducted. Models built complete. Ww cost. The Practical Mechanic, South Haven, Mich.

(Continued on page 100)

MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION will make this contract with you: When you enroll for our home-training in Draft- ing, we agree to give you: 1. Complete Drafting training, by the new Prac- tice-Method. 2. Professional Drafting Outfit, as illustrated. 3. We will help you get a good Drafting position at a substantial increase in pay.

retmet mentee!

The American School, a million dollar No- Profit Educational Institution now offers men a double service—training for a spe- cific job, then finding the job. For one small price, on terms of only $5 a month, you are now assured of definite benefits, both in position and salary. Coupon brings complete details of this sensational offer! in Machine tural Draft enough mer

position that pays ized trainin = Minna Professional Outfit Given Fine, imported in- struments help you Jearn Drafting easily and quickly. These standard quality, full Free to Students and Graduates: “ee AMERICAN CHOOL now offers its students and graduates, without cost, the services of an efficient Employment Depart- ment which keeps in touch with the employ- ers of Draftsmen all over the United States, We have placed hundreds of men in good Drafting positions. We have made this train- ing so complete, so practical, so easy to mas- ter, that our students are bound to make cluding board,

students. good. And, so, because the demand for real Draftsmen continues to ex-@ ceed the supply and because this training actually prepares men for good Drafting positions, we back it with a Free Employment Service, free to employers, students, graduates. Chief Drafting Engineer American School ine VF to prove youcanlearnathomeinsparetime! We have invented a new, simplified way to teach Drafting—the first real improvement $125 a week. The Amer- ican School now in- cludes this special- Drafting course. triangles, T-square, ink,protractor,etc, given without ex- tra charge to & Street No. Drexel Ave. and 58th St. é Ci Dept.DC-75 Chicago, Ill. @

in Drafting home-instruction in history. We want you to see it, try it—without one penny of cost or obligation. We want to show you how we get away from the copy- ing methods used in the past. See how we make you think, solve problems, do actual drafting room jobs from the first lessont Draftsmen WANTED! 70,000 fine jobs advertised this year,-many at $60 to $125 a week. Get ready to fill one. Get out of the rut. Make something of yourself, Plan your future in Drafting. Even if you have only common schooling, even if you know nothing of Drafting, we guarantee to make you a real Draftsman or to refund your money! Special surprise offer right now to the first 500 men who answer this ad—reduced price, easy terms. Coupon brings complete information. A new, rapid, simplified way This new “Job-Method” gives you actual drafting-room jobs in a new one-step-at-a- time way. With pictures which you can un- derstand almost without reading the “les- sons.” And that is why American School- trained Draftsmen can qualify for. a good job at big pay when they graduate, HIGHWAYS TO SUCCESS! The big money in Drafting goes to men who specialize Design, or Electrical Drafting, or Architec- ing, or Structural, or Automotive. It isn’t ely to know general Drafting practice. You must know how to calculate and design and plan original work, You need many Engineering subjects to fill the kind of a Drafting $60 to COUPON Brings 3 Lessons Free Get them. Test your own ability to learn Drafting and get ready for a fine job and big pay. Cou- pon also brings surprise offer, and complete information about your opportunities for success in Draft- ing. MAIL IT TODAY! Chief Drafting Engineer AMERICAN SCHOOL @ dept. 0-75 Drexel Ave. & 68th St., Chicaga Rush 3 Free Drafting Lessons, surprise offer, complete in- formation, money-back guarantee, etc., to prove t can become a real Draftsman at home in spare time, rgin its

table,

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100 For Men and Women DETECTIVES—W ork home or travel. Experience unnecessary. Write, George Wagner, former Govern- ment Detective, 1968P Broadway, N. Y. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.’’ It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘“‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.”” You'd like to know, wouldn't you? Address your inquiry to: Manager, Clas- sified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York. For Sale FOR Sale. Small Automobile School located in Cicero. Average $7,000.00 a year gross. One man can handle. Write F. J. Broz, 5500 W. 25th St., Cicero, Ill. ¥OR SALE: Battery Manufacturing Business. Wnole- sale and Retail. For quick sale $2, .00. Owner needs aan. Address F. J. Broz, 5500 West 25th St., Cicero, For the Home HOT WATER ON TAP, $6. Make your own Auto- matic. Write John Kirkeby, San Luis Obispo, Calif. GRANDFATHER clock works $5.00. Build your own ease, instructions free; make good profits selling your friends. Clock works with chimes for old or new cases. Write for full particulars. Clock Co., Nicetown, Penn. TO the man who likes to work with tools, Popular Science Monthly offers the opportunity to purchase blue- rints giving details of the construction of useful articles or the home. The following are a few of the blueprints available: No. 1, Sewing Table, No. 5, Kitchen Cabinet, No. 13, Tea Wagon, No.. 15, Workshop Bench, No. 17, Cedar and Mahogany Chest, No. 41, One Tube Radio Set, No. 42 Radio Receiver with three stages of ampli- fication, No. 43, Four Tube 4 you wish to Popular Science Monthly, 242Fourth Avenue, New York. N. Y. Information MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION August, 19% Patent Attorneys CORRECT, complete iniormation any scientific, tech- nical,commercial,social topic concerning Brazil furnished. Consulting Engineer Freise, Petropolis, Sampaio 20. Fee 2 Dollars account Banco Hollandez, Rio, Brazi!. ACCURATE, specific information on any subject $5. National Information Bureau, 316B Shepard Building, Grand Rapids, Michigan. Prompt service, satisfaction guaranteed. AT - PATENTS—tTime counts in applying for atents, Don't risk delay in protecting your ideas. Send gs etch or model for instructions or write for FREE book, “How to Obtain a Patent” and “Record of Invention” form, No charge for information on how to proceed. Comm ca. tions strictly confidential, Prompt, careful, efficient service. Clarence A. O'Brien, Registered Patent Attorney, Security Bank Building (directly across street from Patent Office), Washington, D. C. (See page 109) Languages WORLD-ROMIC System, Masterkey 5,000 languages. Primers $1.98. Chinese, French, Spanish—Languages, 8 West 40th, New York. Machine Tools CONCRETE Building Block Machines and Molds, Catalogue free. Concrete Manufacturing Co., 5 N. Main St., St. Louis, Mo. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.’’ It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthy Profitably.’’ You'd like to know wouldn’t you? Manager, Classified Advertising, Pop- ular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York. “INVENTOR’S Adviser,” the valuable Patent book with 139 mechanical movements and illustrations, gent free upon request—M. S. Labiner, Patent Attorney, 3 Park Row, New York. PATENTS—Before disclosing an invention the jp. ventor should write for our blank form ‘Record of Inyen. tion.’’ This should be signed, witnessed and returned to us together with model or sketch and description of the Invention for Free Inspection and Instructions. Three Books mailed free to inventors. Our illustrated Guide Book, “How to Obtain a Patent,” contains fyy instructions regarding patents. Copies of unsolicited letters from manufacturers and others who are constant. ly writing us regarding the purchase or leasing of merito- rious patents sent upon request. See advertisement on page 107. Victor J. Evans & Co., 937 Ninth, Washing. ton, D. C. PATENTS, trade marks, copyrights. sonal reliable service. Over 30 years’ active practice, Write for terms. Book free. Address E. G. Siggers, Box 1, N. U. Building, Washington, D. C. Prompt, per. Magic Tricks BE a magician, give shows, earn money. Catalogue 20 cents. Oaks Magical Co., Dept. 5&0, Oshkosh, Wis. BOOKS, Magic, Mysteries, Magic Tricks, Novelties. Catalogue Free. Singer 515, Hancock, Wisconsin. Mailing Lists NEW lists: Good buyers, housewives, tradesmen, dentists. $5 a 1000. J. Dunlop, 1832 Race Street, Philadelphia. Mail Order Business Help Wanted $25000. I MADE spare time home. Booklet for stamp. Sample and Plan 25c. Alps Scott, Cohoes, N. Y. results. Promptness assured. Watson E. Col Patent Lawyer, 644 G Street, Washington, D. C. INVENTORS’ Guide free on request; gives valuable information and advice for all who have original ideas or improvements. Frank Lederman, Registered Attorney and Engineer, Woolworth Bldg., 1714, New York. UNPATENTED Ideas Can Be Sold. I tell you how and help you make the sale. Free particulars (Copy. righted). Write W. T. Greene, 811 Jenifer Building, Washington, D. C. MILLIONS spent annually for ideas! Hundreds now wanted! Patent yours and'profit! Write today for free book—tells how to protect yourself, how to invent, ideag wanted! how we help you sell, ete. American Indus tries, Inc., 501 Kresge Bldg., Washington, D. C. PATENTS, Trade-Marks, aii countries. Ten years’ experience examining applications in Patent Office, Consultation invited: George Beeler, Patent Attorney, 150 Nassau Street, New York. PATENTS. Booklet free. Highest references. Best leman, SILVERING Mirrors, French plate. Easily learned; immense profits. Plans free. Wear Mirror Works, 31 Excelsior Springs, Mo. MEN—Start with a starting concern. No get-rich- uick promises—As You Work So Shall You Earn. Kretan Korporation, 9629 Conant Ave., Detroit, Mich. MR. BRUSH SALESMEN—Oldestablished New York Brush Manufacturers require the services of men in all territories to sell their extensive line of Sanitary Twisted in Wire Brushes. We pay larger commission than any other Brush House in the country. Write immediately for our proposition. Wire Grip Sanitary Brush Cor- poration, 15 Mercer Street, New York. STEAMSHIP positions—Europe, Orient. Good pay. Experience unnecessary. Send stamped addressed envelope for list. Box 122-F, Mount Vernon, N. Y., or Box 336-F, Santa Monica, California. TRACE missing people; big money earned; particulars free. National Headquarters, 188 East 79th, New York. WANTED—Representatives in every factory in the United States. Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York. Manufacturing DEVELOPING ideas and manufacturing our spe- cialty. Absolute satisfaction, 33 years’ experience; write us. The K. & B. Die & Specialty Co., 2018 Elm St., Cincinnati, Ohio, Dept. C. “SCALE Locomotive castings and track. Racing marine engines boilers and speedboat construction sets. Small hexagon bolts and nuts. Castings from your pat terns. Seamless steel copper and brass tube, rods, bars angles. Any length cut. Singer, 15 Moore St., New York.’ Models and Model Supplies “SPECIAL machine builders, tool and die makers, inventor's models, production work of all kinds. Dept. J, Quality Hardware & Machine Co., Ravenswood and Thorndale Avenues, Chicago, III.” HULIT & CO., 625 Jackson, Chicago, II. mental Machinists. Model Makers, Dies. Complete general Machine shop. Experi- Patterns. Help Wanted Instruction Motorcycles, Bicycles, Supplies DETECTIVES Earn Big Money. Excellent oppor- tunity. Travel. Fascinating work. Experi lence un- necessary. Write George Wagner, former Government Detective, 1968P, Bro. way, N. Y. FIREMEN, Brakemen, Baggagemen, (white or colored), sleeping car, train porters (colored), $150—$250 monthly. a unnecessary. 838 Railway Bureau, East St. Louis, Il. MEN, 18 up. Become Railway Mail Clerks. mence $158 month. Sample coaching free. Institute, Dept. W33, Rochester, N. Y. Com- Franklin OVERSTOCKED Used Motorcycles, 1923 Indian Chief, $95.00, 1923 Harley’ Davidson, $95.00, 1923 Henderson Deluxe, $120.00. Two hundred others, write for free list. Myerow Brothers Co., 14 Berkeley St., Boston, Mass. DON’T buy a bicycle motor attachment until you get our catalogue and prices. Shaw Mfg. Co., Dept. 4, Galesburg, Kansas. IA ASA Motors, Engines, Machinery Incorporations DELAWARE Incorporator, Charters: Fees Small; forms. Chas. G. Guyer, 901 Orange St., Wilmington, Delaware. Insects Wanted SLIGHTLY used % Horse 110 V. 3450 speed Westing- house alternating motors $16.00. New \% Horse West- inghouse motors at less than second hand prices. 32 V. 1750 Speed washing machine motors with pulleys, $7.00. Lots of eight, $6.50. Also other bargains. Queen City Electric Co., 1742 Grand Ave., Chicago, Ill. MOTORS—\% and ¥% hp. split phase and repulsion induction. Electrical books. Catalog. Manhattan Co., 333a W. Manhattan Blvd., Toledo, Ohio. MONROE E. MILLER, Ouray Bldg., Washington, D, C., Patent Lawyer, Mechanical, Electrical Expert. Book- let and Priority Record blank gratis. PATENTS—Send for form ‘‘Evidence of Conception" to be signed and witnessed. Form, fee schedule, informa- tion free. Lancaster and Allwine, Registered Patent Attorneys in United States and Canada, 232 Ouray Bldg, Washington, D. C. PATENTS Procured: Trade Marks Registered.—A comprehensive, experienced, — service for the pro- tection and deyelopment of your ideas. Preliminary advice gladly furnished without charge. Booklet of in- formation and form for disclosing idea free on request. Richard B. Owen, 44 Owen Bldg., Washington, D. C.,or 41-Z Park Row, New York. RICHARD E. Babcock, Patent Lawyer, Washington Loan & Trust Bldg., Washington, D. C. Booklet. U. S. AND foreign patents, trademarks: moderate rates. 22 years’ experience. George C. Heinicke, 32 Union Square, New York; registered in U. S. and - Canada. GET Your Own Patents. Instructions, legal blanks, $1. Cooper Cutting, Campbell, Calif. PATENT Book Free. Charles W. Lovett, Patent Attorney, Lynn, Mass. PATENT Applications prgared. $15. -- A. M. Benner, 51 2. he (Simple inven- Victor Bidg., Washington, INVENTORS who derive largest profits know and heed certain simple but vital facts before applying for Patents. Our Book ‘Patent Sense’’ gives those facts; sent free. Write Lacey and Lacey, 648 F St., Washing- ton, D. C., Established 1869. Patents Wanted PATENTS wanted:—We buy and sell practical pat- ents. Big opportunity, undeveloped field. Describe briefly. M. Okamura, Box 1290, Honolulu, Hawaii. adel — Photographs and Supplies HAVE you acamera? Write for free sample of our big magazine, showing how to make better pictures and earn money. American Photography, 117 Camera House, Boston, 17, Massachusetts. WHY not spend Spring, Summer and Fall gathering butterflies, insects? I buy hundreds of kinds for collec- tions. Some worth $1 to $7 each. Simple outdoor work with my instructions, pictures, price-list. Send 10 cents (not stamps) for my Illustrated Prospectus before send- ing butterflies. Mr. Sinclair, Dealer in Insects, Dept. 7, Box 1424, San Diego, Cal. Laboratory and Chemical Services MELT Metals and Alloys with SPEEDEE-HEET Electric Furnaces, $75.00. The Booth Electric Furnace Co., Room 1122, Monadnock Bldg., Chicago, Ill. Musical SAXOPHONISTS — Clarinetists — Cornetists — Trombonists—get “Free Pointers.” Virtuoso Music School, 36, Buffalo. N. Y. Novelties IMPORTED French Novelties and Art. 6 Samples | -00. Capawan Productions, 45 West Sherman, McAdoo, enna. OVELTIES. Magic. Books. Puzzles. Ni Catalogue free. Killian, 1390 Temple. Detroit. FORMULAS: The Best Chemical Science Can de- vise—Guaranteed Reliable Processes in all lines. Stamp Brings Big Bunch of Valuable Literature, Interesting Lists. Don’t buy till you receive this. Chemical Analysis, Charges reasonable. Dr. Liscomb Miller, Chemist, Tampa, Florida. EXPERIMENTERS. Complete Chemical Apparatus and Radio Catalog. 1000 illustrations. Price 25c; re- funded on $5.00 order. Laboratory Materials Co., 641 East 7ist St., Chicago. “CHEMICALS and reagents; quickest delivery guar- anteed. Prices reasonable. List free. Deibig & Haupt- man, 1690 Park Ave., New York. FORMULA by Richards means the best. Your chemical problem solved and working process furnished $5.00. Write me. W. Stedman Richards, Industrial Chemist, Box 2402, Boston, Mass. Optical Goods ARTIFICIAL eyes. Booklet free. Denver Optic, 508 Barclay, Denver, Colorado. Office Devices ADDRESSING machines, multigraph, duplicators, folders, check writers, sealers, dictating machines, at about half new cost. Pruitt, 117 N. Market St., Chicago. ANTED—Representatives n every factory in the United States. Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York. ESTABLISH yourself at home, as a photographi¢ expert; make $75 a week while learning; professional camera furnished free; write quick for full information. — Studios, Dept. 1743, 3601 Michigan Ave, Chicago. Printing and Engraving EMBOSS your Stationery with Hand Embosser. Circular Free. Midwest, Box 47, Springfield, Illinois. BETTER Printing for Less Money. Write us about your printing needs, and you will save money. Ernest Fantus Company, 525 South Dearborn Street, Chicago. HIGH Grade Printing—5,000 20-lb Hammermill Bond Letter Heads, $13.75; 10,000, $24.00. 63% white wove envelopes, five thousand, $10.00. The Courier Company, Zanesville, Ohio. COMPLETE printing outfits, presses, paper supplies. Write for Catal C-3, Meriden, Conn. 300 LETTERHEADS (84x11), 200 Business En- velopes, 100 Return Envelopes, $3.00, Falcon, 4671 Louisiana, Saint Louis. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.’”’ You'd like to know, wouldn't you? Address your inquiry to: Manager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 2 Fourth Avenue, New York. type, ink, og. Press Company, It contains ~ Augus

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= = oor ec ee sm Em eter ie.” * os 4 =T* So co @R2O! August, 1926 Salesmen and Agents Wanted ———eEe ‘S$—Clever invention! Inkspoon makes every Cy pen. Fast office seller, big profit, demand m easing everywhere. Exclusive territory offered. pample free. H. Marui Company,Tribune Blg., New York. “INSTANT Weld—Repairs large punctures without ment or heat. Lenn’s profit one day $56. Write quick. Free sample. Territory going fast. Tourist’s Pride Mfg. Co., Desk R, Minneapolis, Minnesota. “GET our free sample case toilet articles, perfumes and specialties. Wonderfully profitable. La Derma Co., Dept. F., St. Louis, Missouri. WASH Clothes the new way. Use the Torrent Auto- matic Washer. You will be delighted. Special offer to one in each locality. Storm Royalty Co., 3603 Enright Ave., St. Louis, Mo. AGENTS: $60—$200 a week. Genuine gold letters for store windows easily applied. Free samples. Liberal offer to general agents. Metallic Letter Co., 434-A. N. Clark, Chicago. TAKE orders for coffee, sugar, flour, meats, canned goods, staple groceries, also paints, radio sets, tires, auto and tractor oils. No capital or bond required. We deliver and collect. Permanent business. Big pay. Write at once. Hitchcocx-Hill Co., Dept. 81, Chicago. BANKRUPT and Rummage Sales. Make $50.00 daily. We start you, furnishing everything. Distributors Dept. 34, 609 Division, Chicago. $10 DAILY silvering mirrors, plating and refinishing lamps, reflectors, autos, beds, chandeliers by new method. Outfits furnished. Write Gunmetal Co., Ave. F, Decatur, Illinois. SELLS for $9.75. Prints ad on wrapping paper, envelopes, etc. $4.00 commission. Send 10c for sample work. Automatic Ad-Stamper, Joplin, Mo FREE Booklet describes 52 plans for making $20.00 to $100.00 weekly in home or office business of your own. Downs Co., 2335 Myrtle, St. Paul, Minn. AGENTS—Best seller; Jem Rubber Repair for tires and tubes; supersedes vulcanization at a saving of over 800 per cent; put it on cold, it vulcanizes itself in two minutes, and is guaranteed to last the life of the tire or tube; sells to every auto owner and accessory dealer. For particulars how to make big money and free sample, ad- dress Amazon Rubber Co., 504 Amazon Building, Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania. WE pay $48 a week, furnish auto and expenses to introduce our Soap and Washing Powder. Buss-Beach Company, Dept. A48, Chippewa Falls, Wisc. SALESMEN—Selling Supreme Shirts means big business, big repeats! big commissions. Write today for FREE Kit. Supreme Shirt Co., 276-F Fifth Ave., New York. AGENTS—Wonderful newly invented Knife Sharp- ener. Sold on lifetime guarantee. Big profits. Demon- stration sells it. Sample free. Exclusive territory, Conaway Co., M-37, Champaign, Illinois. BIG profits with Exclusive Territory—$50 to $100 weekly easy. More has often been madein one day's work. A hot or cold running water bath equipment for any home at only $7.50. No plumbing or water works required. Investigate. Send no money. Write today. Sanitary Supply Co., Allen Building, Toledo, Ohio. BIG money and fast sales. Every owner buys gold initials for his auto. You charge $1.50; make $1.35. Ten orders daily easy. Write for particulars and free samples. American Monogram Co., Dept. 47, East Orange, New Jersey. AGENTS—Stamping names on Pocket Key Pro- tectors; sample check with your name and address, 25c. Stamping Outfits, Emblem Checks, Check Fobs, Name Plates. Hart Mfg. Co., Desk 2—305 Degraw St., Brooklyn, N. Y. SELF-THREADING Needles find sales in every home. Fine side line; easily carried; big profits; sample free. Lea Brothers, 147 East 23rd St., New York. A BUSINESS of your own—Making Sparkling Glass Name and Number Plates, Checkerboards, Signs. Big Book and Sample free. E. Palmer, 513, Wooster, Ohio. BINOCULARS! binoculars! binoculars! Salesman’s samples at cost prices. Send for complete list. Geneva Optical Company, 73 Linden St., Geneva, N. Y. SUCCEED With Your Own Products—Make them yourself. Formulas, Processes, Trade-Secrets. Modern — _—— Catalog free. C. Thaxly Co., Washing- on, D. C. SELL by mail! Big Profits! Books, Formulas. Novelties, Bargains. Particulars Free! Elfco, 523 South Dearborn Street, Chicago. YOUR trade uses salesboards. Make up to $35 on single sale. Largest, lowest priced line. No samples to carry. Elaborate 3 color catalog free. Lincoln Sales Co., Dept. G, 9 So. Clinton, Chicago. MAKE Money, silvering mirrors, refinishing auto headlights, tableware; metal plating, bed steads, chan- deliers. Outfits furnished. International Laboratories, Dept. 64, 309 Fifth Ave., New York. AGENTS—Make a dollar an hour. Sell Mendets, a — patch for instantly mending leaks in all utensils. ample package free. Collette Mfg. Co., Dept. 467, Amsterdam, N. Y. EARN $10 daily silvering mirrors, plating and re- finishing metal ware, headlights, chandeliers, bedsteads. Outfits furnished. F. Decie Laboratories, 1133 Broad- Way, New York. SALESMEN selling to men. We have logical side line for you that will sell along with any other line you may now be handling and probably make more money for you, Provided you are now selling to men. Get full facts at once by addressing Sales Manager, 844 West Adams, Dept. 511, Chicago. MANUFACTURER with a successful local record wants salesmen, full or part time, city or country. Manufacturer desires national distribution of article of roven merit, unconditional guarantee, big money, hteresting work. Write Highland Machine Co., Sales Dept., 5462 Pa. Ave., N. W., Washington, D. C. ARE you old at forty? See our advertisement on page 111 of this issue. The Electro Thermal Company, 4060 Main Street, Steubenville, Ohio. HARDWARE Salesmen for patented combination padlocks, no keys, cannot be picked, retails $1, simply Strong, practical lock. Excellent connection for right man with successful growing company. Write Defender Lock Co., Dept. C., 68 Cliff St., New York. (Continued on page 102) MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION 101 Foundry Man—then Office Man—at $12 a Week COULSON B. HYDE General Auditor Eureka Vacuum Cleaner Co. Detroit, Mich. Repeated Promotions— Now General Auditor and a Stockholder in Company “Since C. B. Hyde started with out company in 1919 as a bookkeeper, he has had several promotions, until today he holds the position of Manager of our Auditing Department. “In reward for his faith- ful service we made him a stockholder in our company on January ist of this year. His work is most satisfac- tory, and I only learned to- day that he acquired the basie principles of his au- ditorship thru the course he took with your University. If every student becomes as proficient as he in his work, then you are making it possible for many men to hold much better posi- tions.’ (Signed) FRED WARDELL, President Eureka Vacuum Cleaner Co. His Salary in 1924—$9,000! Plant of Eureka Vacuum Cleaner Co., Detroit, Mich. And—as General Auditor of the Eureka Vacuum Cleaner Co.—he is still climbing! OULSON B. HYDE, molder ina local foundry, was discontented. He checked the words ‘Higher Accountancy”? on a LaSalle coupon, signed his name, and mailed it in. It brought him a free book, but a book worth many times its weight in gold—for in tit he found [the fop- portunity that started him to- ward bigger things. Today he is General Auditor of the Eureka Vacuum Cleaner Company; and in his letter of May 12, 1925, he writes: ‘‘My compensation for the past year was $9,000, and I fully ex- pect to double that the coming year.” Tremendously inspiring, Mr.Hyde’s career! “I quit the job at the foun- dry,” he writes, ‘‘ for a position in the office of a local baking company—at $12 a week—where I applied the prin- ciples of the accounting I was studying. “Three years later I resigned the position as cashier to go into public accounting with a local accounting concern. This led to my connection with the Eureka Vacuum Cleaner Company. “* Naturally I am a great booster for LaSalle and take pleasure in recom- mending it to anyone who is in- terested in doubling or trebling his salary. It can be done.’’ Send for Free Copy “‘Account- ancy, theProfessionThatPays” The book that showed Coulson B. Hyde what he must do to go from $12 a week to $9,000 a year is yours for the asking. The title of that book is “Accountancy, the Profession that Pays.” If this 64-page book can place you on the direct path to greater earning power—as it has done for literally thousands of LaSalle-trained men—you'll agree that it would be cheap at $100—even $1,000 acopy... Yet LaSalle will send it to you free. Balance the two minutes that it takes to fill out the coupon against the rewards of a success- ful career—then clip and mail the coupon NOW! LASALLE EXTENSION UNIVERSITY THE WORLD'S LARGEST BUSINESS TRAINING INSTITUTION SuccccecueseueeussessasacsesesseseeiF]. ND YOURSELF THRU LA SALLEsseessaccsssseccsecsacececsecsecsseass Other LaSalle Opportunities: OModern Salesmanship. OTraffic Management— Foreign and Domestic. OIndustrial Management. OBusiness Managemen t: Training for Official, Managerial, Sales and Departmental Executive positions. OBanking and Accountants OModern Foremanship and Pro- duction Methods. OPersonnel and Employment Management. ORailway Station Management. OCommercial Law. OExpert Bookkeeping. OBusiness English. OiCommercial Spanish. OEffective Speaking. Oc. P. A. Coaching for Advanced Accountants. LaSalle opens the way to success in every important field of business. If more interested in one of the fields indicated below, check here: OLaw: Training for Bar; LL.B. degree. OModern Business Corre- spondence and Practice. LASALLE EXTENSION UNIVERSITY Dept. 883-HR, CHICAGO Opportunities in Accountancy—Check be- low and we will send you an outline of our salary-doubling plan, together with a copy of “Accountancy, the Profession that Pays,” also copy of “Ten Years’ Promotion in One,” all without obligation. Cl Higher Accountancy Leading to position as Auditor, Comptroller, Certified Public Accountant, Cost Account- ant, etc. $25 in Cash Prizes See Page 4 in front of book for details WORK “UNCLE RAILWAY POSTAL CLERKS MAIL CARRIER $1700 to $3000 Year FOR SAM” & Many other U. S. Govern- ment Jobs obtainable TRAVEL—See your country on government pay Pd MEN BOYS 17 UP SHOULD MAIL COUPON oe” ? ? IMMEDIATELY at Steady Work No Layoffs. Paid Vacations.* Address @S@s Qe aaane COUPON > * FRANKLIN INSTITUTE _ Dept. T-265, Rochester, N. Y. o Sirs: Rush to me without charge: (1) Specimen Railway Postal Clerk Examination questions; (2) FREE book describing U, S. Government positions open to men and boys and full particulars telling how to get them. Pv

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102 Aor gual 4 4 HIGH SCHOOL COURSE IN TWO YEARS YOU ARE BADLY if you tack HANDICAPPED HighSchool training. You cannot attain business or social prominence. You are barred from a successful business career, from the leading professions, from well- paid civil service jobs, from teaching and college entrance. In fact, em- ployers of practically all worth-while positions demand High School train- ing. You can’t hope to succeed in the face of this handicap. But you can remove it. Let the American School help you. FIT YOURSELF FOR A BIG FUTURE Thiscourse, which has been prepared by some of America’s leading professors, will broaden your mind, and make you keen, alert and capable. It is com- plete, simplified and up-to-date. It covers all subjects given in a resident school and meets all requirements of a High School training. From the first lesson to the last you are care- fully examined and coached, USE SPARE TIMEONLY Most people idle away fifty hours a week. Probably you do. Use only one-fifth of your wasted hours for study and you can remove your present handicap within two years. You will enjoy the lessons and the knowledge you will gain will well repay the time spent in study. Check and mail the coupon NOW for full particulars and Free Bulletin, American School Dept. .C0.75 Drexel Ave. and 58th St.» Chicago SS SS AAS LA SV A A A Se A A A TE A American School eens ss gg & 58th St., Chicago Send me ‘ormati th j tain, Contractor owes LWP # «----- Automobile Engineer coches Practice ooseilal le Repairman cal neer --.-.Civil Eng eoeee SHOP Superintendent o-.- Structural Engineer «eee. employment Manager «----Business M er eves StOAM neer oveeeeCePt. Public «--.-Foremanship «Accountant and Auditor .... tary Wry? «-eee- BOOkKKee per ooo SUPVeyor (& Mapping) eoee-Draftsman and Designer ...... Telephone Engiocer o----Klectrical Engir one h Engineer eves Kelectric [ight & Power ....... I oe--.General Education «eee Wireless Radio eee. Vocational Guidance evveee Undecided MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION Salesmen and Agents Wanted August, 19% Salesmen and Agents Wanted BIG MONEY, fast sales; every owner buys gol: initials for his auto. You charge $1.50, make $1.44. Ten orders daily easy. Samples free. World Monogram, Dept. 25, Newark, N. J. OVER 100% Profit, Self-Lighting Gas and Cigar Lighters: Everybody interested; repeat business. Sell individuals, dealers, subagents. Particulars FREE. S. M. Bernhardt, 127 West 30th St., New York. $5,000 YEARLY easy, selling our money maxing specialties; we undersell them all; catalogue free. Samples 25c. Mills Sales Co., 13 East 16 Street, N. Y. SELL Men’s Shoes direct. Make $100 weekly. Every man a prospect. Easy sales. Low priced. Real comfort, long wear. You take orders, keep big deposit. We de- liver and collect. Full or part time. We help you suc- ceed. Easywear Shoe Company, Dept. 233, Indianap- olis, Ind. AGENTS new patent just out! Nothing like it ever sold—makes perfect Buttonhole in few seconds. Retails $2. Sells on sight. Women can’t resist. Agents make $25 up daily. Get our free sample offer. ‘The Marvel Corporation, Box 150N, Mesilla Park. N. M. $18 DAILY selling ‘“‘Lanowa” Polishing Cloths and Mitten Dusters. Great repeaters. Tremendous Ce- mand. Appoint agents. Free sample. Fraser Products, 305-E 43rd, Kansas City, Mo. MILLIONS stolen. Remarkable new $5.00 Check Protector stops forgery. Inks, protects two colors. Sensational sales, profits. Write. Safety Devices Corp., Grand Rapids, Mich. MAKE $15.00 daily selling “Fixit’’ Rubber Repair (Liquid Rubber). Doubles mileage of tires and tubes. Sensational seller and moneymaker of 1926. Sample free. Marquette Rubber Co. EE2327 Wolfram St., Chicago. “NEW camera finishes regular black and white photographs inside camera quickly. Make money taking photos selling cameras. Crown, 439 Canal, Dept. 314, New York.” AGENTS make $57 a day driving nails in tires! Amazing discovery heals all punctures—one tire was punctured 357 times without a leak. Send for Free mple Offer. O. Nelson, L-3026 Logan Bldg., Mitchell, S. Dak. FORMULAS for making your own guaranteed prod- ucts. Investment Small. No Machinery Needed. 300 to 1200% profit! Stamp Brings Interesting Descriptive Literature for Fly Killing Spray, Delicious Summer Drinks, Best Metal Polishing Cloth, Hair Marcell Liquid, No-Water Hand Soap, Lightning Battery Charg- ing Liquid, Mendit, Fabric Patching Liquid; Amazon Tire Repair, Washing Compounds; Compolith Wood- stone, Wonder Gloss; Wizard Polish; Pure Food; Toilet, Medical, Household Specialties, All lines. State what interests most. Miller, Chemist, 1706 Jettony, Tam- pa, Florida. AGENTS, both sexes, we manufacture and control new household article. Fast seller. Big profits. Exclusive ey. Write now, Connolly, 123 Liberty St., New ork. STARTLING Selling Plan! $1.25 premium free to every customer on $2.00 sale of 8 ounce Vanilla, 6 ounce Shampoo and 4 ounce Lemon Lotion. Details and samples free. C. I. Togstad, Dept. 19-L, 29 South Clinton, Chicago, Illinois. POLMET POLISHING CLOTH cleans all metal. es at 25c. Sample free. F. C. Gale, 15 Ediuboro -, Boston. WANTED—Representatives in every factory in the United States. Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York. WANT distributing agent for Hanslick, powdered handsoap; removes anything from the hands without injury to skin; everybody 4 customer; great opportunity for hustler to get in business; sample free. Solar Prod- ucts Co., B-2144 So. Troy, Chicago. WHY not sell us your spare time, $2 an hour, $19.70 daily easy for full time, introducing New Style Guar- anteed Hosiery for men, women, children. 57 styles, 40 colors, including silks, lisles, chiffons. ‘No capital or pon vom 3 required. Just write orders. We deliver and collect. Your pay daily, also monthly bonus. Free auto offer besides. We supply samples. Macochee Textile Company, Card 1528, Cincinnati, Ohio. $75.00 to $150.00 WEEKLY to introduce ‘‘Chieftain”’ 3 for $4.95 Guaranteed Tailored Shirts. Samples and style book free. Your pay daily. Cincinnati Shirt Com- pany, Secy. 1608, Cincinnati, Ohio. AGENTS—new plan, makes it easy to earn $50.00 to $100.00 weekly, selling shirts direct to wearer. No capital or experience needed. Represent a real manufac- turer. Write now for free samples. Madison Company, 566 Broadway, New York. A PAYING position open to representative of char- acter. Take orders shoes-hosiery direct to wearer. Good income. Permanent. Write now. Tanners Shoe Mfg. Co., 6-412 C St., Boston, Mass. REAL selling sensation! Tremendous earnings whole or part time! Patented Hot Water Bottle Invention needed everywhere. Big commissions. Extra bonus. We a. Write quick, C818, Lobl Corp., Middleboro, Mass. SALESMEN: Write your name and address on a stal and mail to us. We'll show you sure earnings of 20.00 a day. Will you risk one minute and a one cent stamp against $20.00? Mind you, we say we'll show you. Address Dept. 911, William C. Bartlett, Inc., 850 W. Adams St., Chicago. AGENTS write for special offer. $60 a week and latest model Ford auto. Your pay daily in advance. Extra bonus besides. Introduce finest line guaranteed hosiery. Our silks can’t be beat. No experience needed. Samples furnished. We give you extra fine silk hose for your own use absolutely free. Write today. Jennings Hosiery Co., Dept. 1232, Dayton, Ohio. ‘over thousand dollars monthly. WE have a line of goods for which every Man ip America is a prospect. It has everything any compet line has and something besides. It can be handled proge. ably by tailoring, shirt, hosiery, necktie, shoe, raineg and other salesmen now selling to men. For full f — Madison Bros., 135 So. Peoria, Dept shicago. : AGENTS—write for Free Sample Dri-Kleanjp- Makes your car look like new. Removes mud, dirt, duet’ No soap or water used. American Accessories Desk 232, Cincinnati, Ohio. AGENTS: Be my partner. Make $15.00 daily; rideqe Chrysler closed car; show samples; distribute teas coffee, spices, extracts, things people eat. This unug offer to the first person answering in your local Write or wire Health-O Quality Products Co., D 40 H, Cincinnati, Ohio. —_—_.. THERMICK-CARRYALL-CONTAINER _ en campers take all food ‘and liquids from ice box to ice cold. Immense demand, one free to agents. I Container, St. Paul, Minn. + aie AGENTS! Big money monogrammirg by transfer method. Catalog showing over 50 styles and particulag, free. Motorists’ Accessories Co., Mansfield, Ohio, HERE is your opportunity to establish a sound dignified, permanent business of your own. You have the distribution of an article having practically limitless — demand. No obligations. Write today. National Ting Service Association, Inc., Box 71, Clinton Hill Station, Newark, N. J. “GOLD initials easily applied on Automobiles. B gest moneymaker today. Cost 5c, you get $1.50. experience needed. Free samples. ‘‘Ralco’’ Monograms 1043G Washington, Boston, Mass.” : 35% COMMISSION. Sell ‘‘Name-on’’ Christmag Cards and boxes. Folder free. Wolfeprint, Lawndale, Philadelphia. TO SELL Ray-O-Lite cigar and gas lighters. earnings. Sample 50c. Rapid Mfg. Co., 799-X, B way, New York. IF YOU think in terms of $6,000 the First Year write us Now. Strong line for retail stores. Nationally advertised. Established concern. Best season now starting. Liberal weekly advance to producer. The Continental Co., 1317 Liberty Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio, NEW Type Cleaner. Cleans Typewriters without brush. Sample 50c. Rempe Mfg. Co., 2827 Myrtle, Oakland, Calif. 4 VACULITE. Supreme Auto Trouble Light, ete, Vacuum Base Sticks anywhere. Greatest seller com — ceivable. Two dozen sales daily are easy and net you — Lapaeeeene free. Vacu- lite Company, Santa Monica, Ca EVER-STRATE sells fast to Colored people. tive proposition free. Birmingham, Ala. ; “AMAZING new invention, duplicates anything type written, handwritten, drawn, ruled. Inexpensive, easily operated. Salesman coining money. Write free sample offer today! Stenograph, 1271 California, San Franciseg, IT Sere I AICI PS anceanroe . Attrae P. Eston Co., 2500 Second Ave, Stammering ST-TUT-T-T-TERING and stammering cured at home. Instructive booklet free. Walter McDonnell, 59 Arcade, 1126 Granville Avenue, Chicago, Il. Stamps and Coins CALIFORNIA gold &% size, 27¢.: S% size, 53c. White cent and catalogue, 10c. Norman Schultz, Colorade Springs, Colorado. STAMPS, 100. All different, 3 cents. P. S. Quaker Stamp Co., Toledo, Ohio. 1,000 MIXED U. S. and Foreign Stamps 25c. Phil Lundsted. Cape Cottage, Maine. . ' STAMPS Free—Ask for money-saving John K. Borresen, Cedar Falls, Iowa. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Fclder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells “How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.” You'd like to know, wouldn’t you? Address your inquiry to: Moo Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York. APPROVAL Stamp Facket Sent Free. Cornish Company, Schenectady, N. Y. IN'ERESTING one and two cent approvals, loose B leaf books. Reference necessary. Ogden Stamp Shop, © Baldwinsville, N. Y. e NEWFOUNDLAND Stamps on approval. None better—none cheaper. Send want list and references. Rev. Butler, St. Georges, Newfoundland. Technical Schools CHICAGO Technical College offers short, mee practical courses in Drafting and Engineering—civi mechanical, electrical, structural—Architecture, Build- ing Construction, Plan Reading, etc. Courses fitted to your needs. No time wasted. Instructors are experts. Graduates in demand at big salaries. Opportunities for part-time work while studying. Day and evening classes. 23rd year. Enter any time. No special ey train- ing required. Low tuition—easy terms. Write for 72-page illustrated Blue Book, describing opportunities open te our graduates. Chicago Technical College, 23 Chicago Tech. Building, Chicago. Lists free, approvals. oe. ny anand I WILL prove you can make $100 a week with my proposition. Marshall made $80 in five hours. Remark- able new plan; write quick. Albert Mills, Mgr., 6101 American Bldg., Cincinnati, O. AGENTS instantly step into $5,000 class helping us supply growing demand for TARNOFF—amazing prep- aration that magically makes autos look ‘‘brand new.” Not a polish, not a varnish, not a paint! Sensational seller—big repeater. Exseptional opportunity for fat profits—all cash—and ‘‘flying start” in big-paying busi- ness of your own. Speak quick for local agency. Send 50c (coin) today for $1 size sample, and full details of our highly cooperative sales plan. Tarnoff Chemical Co., 1407 W. 26th St., Cleveland, O. AMAZING large cash commissions introducing beau- tiful $3.95 and $4.95 fit-to-measure guaranteed shoes. Actual samples furnished. Write for your territory. Style Arch Shoe Co., Dept. 130-1, Cincinnati, Obio, Typewriters and Supplies TYPEWRITERS: all makes; lowest prices; 5 year uarantee; send for illustrated catalogue. Hen ‘ypewriter Co., 217 West 125 Street, New York, N. Y. Wanted DETECTIVES needed everywhere. Experience ut necessary. Particulars free. Write, George Wagner, former Government Detective, 1968P Broadway, N. Y. WANTED—Representatives in every factory in the United States. Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York. August, 1 fo man salesma and we them fr Dept. M Mail ernn Writ MC

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a e .. ss = ensoownso* eocoeat rn ote * Fe oC Oe Bat.‘ Tt *

PRE Gs antiga: wee Saas Ss . <S-

MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION

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Big Commissions and liberal bonus for caine famous Pioneer tailored-to- measure, all-wool suits at $23.50. Striking leather brief case containing nearly 100 large swatch samples fure nished. We train the inexperienced— men with determination and willing ness to work for success write for this § big money-making opportunity. PIONEER TAILORING CO. Dept.V-1121159 W. Harrison St.,

% at Re Chicago Men Wanted to manufacture Metal Toys and Novelties. No salesmanship necessary. Demand exceeds supply and we co-operate with you in selling goods, also buy them from you. We put you in touch with the buy- ers. Guaranteed casting forms with complete outfit furnished for speedy production of Toys, Novelties, Ash Trays, Bookends, and other big all year sellers. Absolutely no experience or machinery necessary. No special place needed. Small investment puts you on road to success. You do the manufacturing and we take care of the selling. Act immediately if you want to handle big 1926 wholesale orders now being placed. Strictly a business proposition. Catalog and information mailed on request. Metal Cast Products Co. 1696 Boston Road, New York

Many earn $3,000 to $10,000 a year. Prepare quickly durin, re ti Also earn while e lew easy ppar ‘ime. you learn method. ing else like it. Send at once for free book, ‘‘Opportuni- ties in Mode: rn Photography’’ and full particulars. Special offer open now INTERNATIONAL STUDIOS, Inc. Dept. 136-C, 3601 Michigan Ave., Chicago, U.S.A Forest Rangers Men wanting Forest Ranger, Railway Mail Clerk, Special Agent, and other gov- ernment positions, $1500 to $4500 a year. Write for free particulars and list of positions. MOKANE, Dept. 218, Denver, Colo. Getting Ahead? Read the advertisements on Pages 96 to 119 this issue if you want to get ahead

Letter Shop Methods | Oil Tank for Hardening Small Parts Uniformly PRING pawls and similar small parts are best hardened in oil. It is imper- ative, however, to keep either the work or the oil in rapid motion. In our shop we use the double pan arrangement illustrated. As soon as the

The work holding tank, with perforated bot- tom, is whirled in an oil filled container work is heated sufficiently, it is dropped into the inner bucket, which is revolved rapidly within the outer one. The per- forated bottom of the inner pan is set diagonally so that the work is certain to fall toward the outer circumference of the pan and pass through the widest circle of oil.—ArtHUR KENDALL. Can You Grind a Drill? (Continued from page 95) turpentine also is sometimes used for glass. In all glass drilling great care must be used in supporting the work so it will not be strained to cause fracture.” **There seems to be quite a lot to drill- ing after all,’ said Harvey. “I never thought much about it before; it always seemed so simple and easy that I never bothered my head about it. I wish I knew more about the principles of cutting tools anyway. Can’t you give me some more dope on the subject? Ill be glad of any help you can give.” “The study of cutting tools and their action would fill a large book, but if you want to know the reason for anything in particular, I'll help you all I can. Ream- ers, boring tools, turning and forming tools, milling cutters, all have been de- veloped and their cutting actions studied so that the greatest efficiency can be obtained.” “Thank you, Mr. Grimes,” grinned Harvey. “I'll bother the life out of you from now on.”

The next article in this series by Mr. Dowd will appear in an early issue.

An Adaptable Counterbore ALF-INCH A drill rod makes the stem of the counterbore illustrated. A 3¢-in. tool bit, sharpened on both ends, is held in a square hole by a screw from below. Caps may be made and held on with the same screw to suit larger holes.—I. R. Hicks.

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> \ “There’s One Man We're Going to Keep” “Ed Wilson, there, is one of the most ambitious men inthe plant. I notice that he never fools away his spare time. He studies his International Correspondence Schools course every chance he gets. “It’s been the making of him, too. He hasn’t been here nearly so long as Tom Downey, who was laid off yesterday, but he knows ten times as much about this business, ‘I’m going to give him Tom’s job ata raise in salary. -He’s the kind of man we want around here: Ho do you stand in your shop or office? Are A you an Ed Wilson or a Tom Downey? Are you going up? Or down? No matter where you live, the International Cor- respondence Schools will come to you. No matter what your handicaps or how small your means, we have a plan to meet your circumstances. No matter how limited zo previous education, the simply- written, wonderfully-illustrated I. C. S. cata make it easy to learn. _ This is all we ask: Without cost, without obligat- ing yourself in any way, put it up to us to prove how we can help you. Just mark and mail this coupon. SS == A A St ol GE Gee me a GEE eu GEE cae oom come INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS 1? Box 7699-D, Scranton, Penna. Oldest and largest correspondence schools in the world Without cost, please tell me how I can qualify for the position or in the subject before which I have marked an X: BUSINESS TRAINING COURSES jusiness Management Industrial Management Personnel Organization Traffic Management Business Law Banking and Banking Law fomemieny Casteting C.P.A.) Bookkeeping Subjects Spanish French TECHNICAL AND El Engineering lectrical Electric Ligh’ Mechanica] |Mechanical Draftsman Machine Practice Railroad Positions Gas Engine Opera’ COURSES WWIII Ld State City a a a penennnennaamebeseccne geese ou reside in Oanada, send this coupon to the Interna- ity Correspondence Schools Canadian Limited, Montreal BE A PLUMBER and HEATING EXPERT Here’s the opportunity of a lifetime for men who want to learn a real trade. Thousands of trained plumbers making from $75 to $150 a week. A lew short weeks in our shops will fit you for any branch in the plumbing field. Here you learn wiping, building and construction work, jobbing, estimating, blue prints and specifica- tions. No books, all actual, practical work under the supervision of master plumbers. Plumbers’ opportunities are everywhere, in the cities, small towns and the country. Send for our FREE booklet on how you can earn your expenses while learning in the worlds largest plumbing school. ILLINOIS PLUMBING WORKS SCHOOL 512-514 N. LA SALLE ST. DEPT. 49 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION August, 1% A Doctor Discusses Sex Appeal | (Continued from page 10) summer sports. Noted artists are fre- quently employed as judges, and when the time comes to make the final awards they experience great difficulty in reach- {|| ing a unanimous verdict. When experts disagree, how is the layman to decide? Think back over some of the more widely advertised contests of recent years. How many times have you taken issue with the findings of the judges? Did you not quarrel with them, believing that the girl fourth from the left, who was not even placed, should have carried off first prize? O, YOU see, sex appeal is a personal matter. I know a young man who cannot get a single thrill out of the Zieg- feld Follies, but goes into raptures at the sight of any tall girl weighing less than a hundred pounds whose nose is sprinkled with freckles. He, you may have guessed, is tall himself. When a short man marries a tall girl, or when the reverse is true, it is cause for comment. Like seeks like, with a single notable exception: red-headed men, generally speaking, do not select girls for their wives whose hair is of the same hue. This has been attributed to the fact that fiery-haired persons generally are hot tempered, and any chance of a permanent alliance is shattered by fre- quent bickerings in the early stages of the courtship, Let’s go back to the crib again. Baby is crying violently; he wants nourish- ment, and he wants it in a hurry. His fond mother dashes to the rescue, bottle in hand. Baby discovers early in life that by making a noise he gets attention. He tries it a second time; a third; a fourth. Its efficacy has not been less- ened. He gets the idea that he is of tremendous importance; he learns that it is to his advantage to be imperious. ABY is now man grown. He seeks a mate. Does he select the self- assured woman of the world, who thinks nothing of going through a dark street at night unattended; who runs her own apartment and car; who makes a larger salary than he? I should say not! He knows that this independently minded young woman will not wait on him hand and foot; he is the one ho will do the waiting. So he goes in for the “clinging vine,” who will rush his slippers to him when he gets home at night, and echo all his opinions. Even today the baby doll of the female species draws the crowds, while the self- reliant miss does her act to empty seats. I had an opportunity recently of watch- ing one of those affairs from the vantage point of my window. Diagonally across the way from my study is a school, and a traffic officer is on duty there most of the day. He is a fine, big, handsome fellow, quite conscious of his superb masculinity; and his protective instinct has been fostered through his daily association with the children of the school. One block away is a motion picture theatre, whose customers, are supplied their tickets by a ravishing blonde—an ~ are their slave. acquired color, I must confess, though the lower crossing would hay served her just as well, she chose to brave the traffic at the intersection guarded by the husky cop. Beco guint she would stand on the curb and gaze helplessly at the stream of vehicles. But only for an instant, The cop’s whistle would sound; an imperioys hand would draw the vehicles up in, panting line, and the young lady would then be conducted to the safety of the sidewalk opposite. I watched the performance for some time, and occasionally twitted my friend the cop about it. He pretended merely a professional interest, but his blush betrayed him. I was not surprised when he confessed not long ago that the invitations were out. They’re married now. He felt that the poor little blonde needed protection, and he took her permanently under his Wing. Now, doubtless, he needs protection. Frequently attention is called to an as. tonishing resemblance between man and wife, or between the wife and her hus. band’s sister or mother. They serve to bear out my contention of the basis of sex appeal. Not only has the man uncon. sciously selected for a mate the girl who came nearest to his ideal—his mother or sister—but the wife has, just as uncon. sciously, molded herself to conform to that model as outlined in the daily ex. pressions of approval or disapproval from her husband. That being the case, you may ask how it is that a young man, descendant of a long line of blue bloods, elopes with a lady of the ensemble, a person of very vague antecedents. The papers an- nounce that “society is shocked’’; the young man’s parents keep in seclusion, refuse to be interviewed, and withhold their blessing. Now, you declare tri- umphantly, how does the mother ‘com- plex hold here? You search for charac. teristics common to the proud patrician dame and the little girl from nowhere. UST a minute. Who was it that tended the young man in his cradle days? Was it his mother? I'll wager not. And who guided his steps as he toddled about the grounds of the family estate? Un- doubtedly a nurse or governess. Find her, and the mystery will be cleared up. The male members of the community are prone to flatter themselves that their decisions are founded upon judgment. Women, on the other hand, are accused of relying on intuition. In my opinion, judgment may play an important part in a man’s life when it comes to making business decisions, but not in the choice of a wife. Your complexes pick her. You When you come face to face with your dream girl, a thousand complexes seize your heart and shout in unison, “I’m going to marry that girl!” And all the judgment in the world will not prevail against them. That’s sex appeal.

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10W out Jn- ler, ity eir nt. | of on, ing ice yur 1Z€ che ail August, 1926 GET A HOBBY MAKE MODELS Start a Home Workshop “Model Making,” by R. F. Yates, describes the construction of model gas-engines, steam- engines, locomotives, boats, dynamos, tur- bines, railroads, guns, etc. Thirty chapters. are devoted to models of various nature. It will help you to become a better mechanic. It will help you to do hard soldering, soft soldering, lathe work, tempering, drilling, pattern-making, etc. This is a book every amateur or professional mechanic and model maker should have. “Model Making’’ describes real engineering models, not toys. 432 Pages, 350 Illustrations. Practical, complete, easily understood. Price Postpaid, $3.00. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 250 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK TWENTIETH CENTURY BOOK OF Recipes, Formulas and Processes This book of 800 pages is the inost com- plete Book of Recipes ever published, giving thousands of recipes for the manufacture of valuable articles for everyday use. Hints, Helps, Practical Ideas and Secret Processes covering every branch of the useful arts are given. 10,000 Practical Formulas—The Best Way to Make Everything A book to which you may turn with confidence that you will find what you are looking for. A mine of information, up-to-date in every respect. Con- tains an immense number of formulas that every one gueht to have, that are not found in any other work. Price, $4.00 Popular Science Monthly 250 Fourth Avenue, New York ‘“We Can Trick the Wind Into Saving Billions!”’’ (Continued from page 39) that either they would not, or could not understand it. Only when he built a small working model of his rotor: ship, spinning the rotors by clockwork, did he convince them that it would work. And not until the Baden-Baden sailed 6200 miles across the Atlantic, using only twelve tons of fuel oil, as compared with forty-five tons for a motor ship of the same size without rotors, did he convince skeptics of its economy. HIS economy, he expects, will be demonstrated even more strikingly by the new 3000-ton three-rotor ship Barbara recently launched by the German government. Her first long cruise prob- ably will bring her to the United States some time in October. In the application of the rotor principle to windmills, Flettner sees even a more valuable source of cheap power. The first rotor mill in Berlin is designed to run an electric light and power plant. It consists of a wind wheel, some sixty feet in diam- eter, with four spokes, and on each spoke is mounted a conical rotor which is spun by a small electric motor deriving its power from a central generator in the windmill tower. The arrangement is such that the wind, always blowing at right angles to the wheel, exerts a side pressure on the revolving rotors. Not only is the force of the wind on the cylinders ten times as great as it would be on sails of the same area, but the rotors respond to the faintest breezes. O UTILIZE the wind still further, Flettner now proposes to attach to the outer ends of the spokes four second- ary windmills resembling small airplanes with streamlined bodies and propellers set against the wind. Motors driven by these small propellers, the inventor has found, will develop sixty-four times the speed of the main rotor arms. Whether “ blue coal’ ever will supplant black coal and “white coal” in industry and commerce remains for the future to decide. In Germany, where nearly sev- enty-five percent of the available water power now is devoted to useful purposes, engineers are predicting that before long the nation will be obtaining a large part of its electrical energy from the wind. Government Electrical Engineer Foerster, in a recent statement in Berlin, predicted that ‘“‘the time is not far off when forests of windmills will be centralized in various parts of the country to supply power ard light to near-by cities and factories.” For the present, Anton Flettner has succeeded, at least, in arousing the world to the wealth that howls about our win- dows. NTON FLETTNER'S first ro- tor ship was a small working model driven by clockwork. How would you like to build one like it? An article in next month’s Home Workshop Department, prepared un- der Flettner’s personal direction, will suggest easy ways of doing it. MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION 105 de eS CE€dec Aviation! D2 you love adventure? Do you want to make big money? Although aviation is still in its infancy thercisa crying demand for men with courage, nerve, and sclf-reliance—ambitious men who are looking for a new field. For those who qualify there will be thousands of highly paid jobs. Amazing Opportunity in the Airplane Industry Yes, as yet, aviation is in its infancy, but nowis the time to get in, In the F satomonme industry and ‘ascina ve in the moving picture ~ business hundreds of men Daring ig got rich by getting in at Paying thestart. They madetheir Prepare Now for One of ance before others These Positions whi up. P Ancuniaibetingieates _ Think how much avia- $60 to $150 per week tion has progressed in the $100 16 $300 nena last few years, Commer- Aeronautical Contractor cial air lines have already Aeroptann wenons profits | proved themselves suc- 60 to ie pas meck cessful both in Europe Aerere ee anician | and America. Great men lane Inspector ne ae in the near ‘0. Der wee! uture there will be air- $8000 per year and up freight lines — organiza- Aero > tions as large as our rail- Aeroplane Builder roads are today. AVIA- $75 to$200perweek | TION IS NEW. It clamors for every young man, Be an Aviation Expert— $50 to $100 a week The study of aviation is as fascinating as the actual work, Only one hour of spare time a day at home and we teach the basic training. You will find every lesson packed full of interest. Student S. F. McNaughton, Chicago, says, ‘Your lessons are like a romance,and what is more, after one reading the student gets a thorough understanding.’”? Men who have had actual experience guide you carefully through your training. They select the lessons, lectures, blueprints, and bulletins. Once you start you can’t get enough of it. Here are some real jobs. Which one do you wenel Aero= nautical Instructor, Aeronautical Engineer, Aeronauti y penone mort Wrst wr ne ee —— Repairman, eroplane Mechanician, Aeroplane Inspector, Aeroplane Assembler, Aeroplane Builder. sem Big Aviation Book FREE Send coupon below for our new FREE book just out ene titled,““Opportunities in the Airplane Industry.” It is intere esting andinstructive. Get yours before editionis exhausted. AMERICAN SCHOOL OF AVIATION Dept.136-C. 3601 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago ps AMERICAN SCHOOL OF AVIATION A I Dept. 136-C. 3601 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago | 2 Without any obligation send me‘your free book & “Opportunities in the Airplane Industry,”’ also infor-g mation about your Home Study Course in Practical 4 f Aeronautics. ' 1 . ‘ BNGME .ccccccccccesecccccecoves ececccccccccccess ‘ : | 4 AGETESS. coccedccccccccccccccccccccccceccceeesees 1 i 1 ch EE OTT BUMB 6 0 00 cescvecee L

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106 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION August, 192% A GODFATHER OF INVENTORS get experiments convinced the Stevenses that gunfire of the day would not be effective against ships protected by iron plates, preferably sloped at an angle. In 1812 they concluded that four and one- half inches would be about the proper thickness. Some forty years later, De Puy du Lome, the great French con- structor, adopted this as the average of the iron-clad fleet he built for Napoleon III. And the Confederacy’s Merrimac had four-inch armor. EVERAL ideas of public and com- mercial interest were engaging Colo- nel Stevens’ attention at about this same period. He had been engineer for the Manhattan Water Company when the first pipes to serve New York houses with fresh water were laid. This led him to suggest fire boats, to protect the ware- houses on the water front and also, during the yellow-fever epidemics, to propose building floating hospitals off the city, to care for the sick or for the babies of the city. Also he suggested the New York elevated railways that were not to be constructed for more than half a century. As an amusement, he became an ardent horticulturist, attempting to include in his Hoboken garden a specimen of every flower native to America and many that were imported. In this connection he is credited with having introduced into this country the Chinese chrysanthe- mum. Also, following out his plan of making Hoboken a pleasure resort, he laid out shaded walks and drives along the river, beside which he erected a crude sort of Ferris wheel and the first American “roller-coaster,” based upon the Russian idea of tobogganing. In this last he had a practical motive—demon- strating what could be done with rail- roads, both gravity and otherwise. For railroads meant most of all to John Stevens. It did not disturb him that there were no such things anywhere at the time; he was perfectly certain they would come. He published all his views (Continued from page 24) in a pamphlet of most extraordinary vision, containing plans, specifications, and estimates of cost. Aptly enough, a railroad official to whom I showed one of that excessively rare edition a few weeks ago called it “the birth certificate of American railroads.”’ Yet it was three years before John Stevens, after writing to every prominent man in public life, succeeded in getting a charter from New Jersey, and it was eight years more be- fore he got one from Pennsylvania, with the help of Stephen Girard. Even the charters meant little at first, for it was years before men gained cour- age to break ground. But part of the great Pennsylvania system was finally built under those very charters. For- tunately for Stevens, he lived to be nearly ninety, long enough to see other men’s vision begin to catch up with his own, and long enough to know that his son Robert had invented the steel rail which has since become the standard through- out the country. But surely his greatest moment must have come to him, on that afternoon a century ago, when he made his own “steam-carriage”’ run upon his own rails! With steamboats and railroads John Stevens laid the foundation for the com- mercial progress of the United States. With projectiles and iron-clads he—and his sons—proposed the best method of protecting the nation from outside ag- gression. And still his record of far- sighted vision is not complete. * EW YORK,” he declared, “‘will be- come, at no distant day, one of the world’s greatest cities. Our citizens will in- sist upon visiting it, on business or onpleas- ure, at all seasons. It will not do to allow it to be cut off, nor will it suffice that we be able to reach it by slow moving ferries. Ourselves and our trade must find readier and faster means, in winter as in sum- mer.” To make good his own words, he drew up careful plans for building bridges over the Hudson and the East river, At first he proposed floating bridges, with draws; later bridges on_ piers, the spans to be so high in the air that any vessel could easily pass under them. In both cases, however, shorter. sighted men opposed him, insisting upon © the delays and obstructions to river navigation which would result from any sort of bridges. Without influential sup. port, Stevens was unable to secure g charter for bridges. Almost immediately he came out with still another idea— perhaps the most brilliant he ever had, “Let us build cylinders,” he said, “each in the form of the frustrum of a cone.” He then went on with complete details for joining these cylinders to- gether in a line across the Hudson, sink. ing them into the river-bed, pumping them out, and lining them with brick or hewn stone, “In this way,’ he concluded, “we shall have a tunnel, through which our countrymen may, at all seasons, drive themselves, their families, and their prod- uce into our greatest city.” wee knows what might not have been accomplished, in engineering’ triumphs of a hundred years ago, if only — other men had had his courage and dared to back him in his enterprise? Father or grandfather of half a dozen American inventors, and godfather of all the rest. First in the field with the twin- screw propeller and the American steam- carriage on rails. Projector of the ele- vated railway, the iron-clad ship, and the modern armor-piercing projectile. All these make up an impressive list. But to cap it with a proposal for the vehicular tunnel, on a principle actually patented — only about fifteen years ago and not quite yet an established fact under the Hudson! In the whole history of the world, measuring by the standards of mechanical knowledge of his own day, where is the ~ man of brilliant vision; the inventor, or, — the engineer, who can stand higher than Colonel John Stevens, of Hoboken? The Boy Whose Big Feet Paddled “It took practice, yes; lots of it. But I got better and better all the time.” For the benefit of those who might like to increase their swimming speed, Johnny quite willingly explained the details of his stroke. ** Almost everybody’s stroke is different from any other stroke,” he explained, “and no one should attempt to change his style, if it feels natural. He simply should try to improve his natural method. “The first thing to learn is not to reach too far forward with the right arm in be- ginning the stroke. Keeping the right shoulder above the water is essential, and then the swimmer should reach out in front of him and a little to the left of the center of the head, keeping the right arm slightly crooked at the elbow. The breath is then inhaled, and as the right arm is pulled under the body the head goes com- pletely under water. The right arm straightens as it travels back until it is (Continued from page 19) fully extended at right angles to the body, and the pull is made as deep as the length of the arm will permit. The stroke is toward the left knee. I always like to say that a swimmer should hug the water. “Exactly the same method is used with the left arm stroke. The breath is exhaled under the water at the finish of the left arm stroke, and inhaled again as the right arm stroke begins and the head is out of the water again. “Kicking should be timed with the arm stroke. I take three kicks, alternating with right and left foot, as the right arm stroke is taken, and three more with the left arm stroke. The feet should never be permitted to be more than eight inches apart, and they should be held at a sort of pigeon-toed angle. That gives them more paddling force. It would be best to time the kicking like this: Right arm starts down, right foot kick; right arm at deep- est extension, left foot kick; right arm at Him to Fame knee, right foot kick. Left arm start, left foot kick; left arm at deepest extension, right foot kick; left arm at knee, left foot kick, and so on in a kind of rhythm. That can be practiced pretty well on dry land. “Always try to swim with head up. That will help to develop the arch in the back and cut down body resistance to the water. Head and feet up keeps the arch in the back while swimming. “That really is all there is to fast or long swimming—that and practice.” Johnny is not greedy about owning or holding records. Many of those he has won, he modestly explains, he just had to win because there has not been anybody, up until now, who really could compete with him. “From now on,” he announced, “I am going to limit myself to the sprints— - nothing above the 300-meter mark. Arne Borg (a team mate) is the real middle-dis- tance swimmer. (Continued on page 108) “\\ &

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New York Office Suite 1007 Woolworth Bldg. Philadelphia, Pa., Office Suite 518-519 Liberty Bldg. Washington, D. C., Office MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION ATENTS cons OUR OFFER: Your first step Before disclosing an invention the inventor should write for our blank form “RECORD OF INVENTION.” This should be signed, witnessed and returned to us together with model or sketch and description of the in- vention for INSPECTION and INSTRUC- TIONS. NO CHARGE FOR THE ABOVE INFORMATION Our Four Books Mailed Free to Inventors Our Illustrated Guide Book HOW TO OBTAIN A PATENT Contains full instructions regarding U. S. Patents. Our Methods, Terms, and 100 Mechanical Movements illustrated and de- scribed. OUR TRADE-MARK BOOK Shows value and necessity of Trade-Mark Protection. Information regarding Trade- Marks and unfair competition in trade. OUR FOREIGN BOOK We have Direct Agencies in Foreign Coun- tries, and secure Foreign Patents in shortest time and at lowest cost. Progress of Invention Description of World’s Most Pressing Problems by Leading Scientists and Inventors ALL COMMUNICATIONS AND DATA STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL INTERFERENCE AND INFRINGEMENT SUITS PROSECUTED IMPORTANT TO MAKE YOUR CASE SPECIAL AND AVOID DELAY YOU SHOULD HAVE YOUR CASE MADE SPECIAL IN OUR OFFICE to secure protection, save correspondence and obtain early filing date in Patent Office. To secure special preparation of your case send $25.00 on account with model or sketch and description of your invention. eerrr Private Office, Victor J. Evans, with view of Patent Office Through Window = = Highest References Prompt Attention Reasonable. Terms VICTOR J. EVANS & CO., Patent Attorneys Main Offices: 760-9th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Gentlemen: Please send me FREE OF CHARGE your FREE books as described above. COUPON | Name ey Chicago, Ill., Office Suite 1114 Tacoma Bldg. Pittsburgh, Pa., Office Suite 514 Empire Bldg. aw ea deci i oo Soe San Francisco, Cal., Office Suite 1010 Hobart Bldg.

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25S: SEER REA Ti aoe cd SALLE RA PR EE pr go ee 108 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION _ ---and perhaps you, too, due to the lack of money, time and education necessary to master a trade, wonder what to get into quickly and make the most out of. Haven’t you overlooked the very thing you are looking for? 60,000 Moler graduates know Modern Barbering is easy to learn, quick to earn, clean and FASCINATING! FIND OUT! Write for catalog “C8.” Address the branch of the MOLER SYSTEM OF COLLEGES nearest you. (Street Address not needed) Chicago, Ill. New York, N. Y. St. Louis, Mo. Kansas City, Mo. Cincinnati, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Detroit, Mich: Denver, Colo. New Orleans, La. Omaha, Neb. Fargo, N. D. August, 199% To the Man With an Idea I offer a most comprehensive, experi- enced, efficient service for his prompt, legal protection and the development of his proposition. Send sketch, or model and description, for advice as to cost, search through prior United States patents, etc. Preliminary advice glad- ly furnished without charge. My experience and familiarity with various arts, frequently enable me to accurately ad- vise clients as to probable patentability be- fore they go to any expense. Booklet of valuable information and form for properly disclosing your idea, free on re- quest. Write today. RICHARD B. OWEN Patent Lawyer 6 Owen Building, Washingt D.C. 41-D, Park Row. New York City TRADE - MARKS © REGISTERED ; Willy. WRITE send Offer, Soke Holos ant Kit. MELLINGER TIRE & RUBBER CO. Dept. 410, Kansas City, Mo. Dept. 410, Philadelphia, Pa, Dept. 410, Oakland. Calif. NEAREST OFFICE | Boy Whose Big Feet Paddled Him to Fam (Continued from page 106) He can outlast me, and I think he is going to be the champion in everything above the 440-yard event. “TI am a sprinter. When I swim in a contest I put everything I’ve got into it from the start. I never let anyone else set the pace in a race. The others have to put all they’ve got into it from the start, too, ‘in order to keep up with me, or really follow my pace. “Where I win is in the last twenty of the 100 yards. I don’t spurt the last twenty, though most of the men I have competed with say or think I do. It is just that they have begun to slow down, to drop back, yet think that they have kept going just as fast as they had started. They put the same, and maybe more, muscular effort into their swimming than they had been doing at the start, and that, in itself, slows them up.” “DUT how do you always manage to keep up your terrific starting pace?” “Practice. Bachrach has taught me where to relax—what muscles to relax. I synchronize my footwork with my arm strokes so that when my arms tire, my legs take the burden and when my legs need rest, my arms do the work. I am never strained, muscularly, in the water— never making the muscular effort that a track runner has to make, for instance. [ never use a muscle that should not be used in swimming, and that helps me conserve my energy for speed.” At this juncture Bachrach loomed up— he always ‘“‘looms” because of his bulk and his baggy trousers. “This boy,” he said, “is the world’s premier swimmer because he has the native ability to swim. He has the gift of muscular coordination to a greater degree than any other swimmer in the world excepting Ethel Lackie. Johnny has also the ability to think when he is racing. The development of his craw] stroke is, of course, the result of practice, but he had it to begin with. Just so has Ethel Lackie, probably to a greater degree than Johnny. * HOSE are the reasons why Johnny is the great swimmer that he is. I have had little to do with it. If he had not had the stuff in him, I could not have put it there. You can take a young kitten and make it learn to walk like a dog—but it won’t be a dog when it grows up. No sir; it will be a cat. You can teach most anybody how to take swimming strokes, but unless they are born swimmers they will never be swimmers worthy of the name.” -Native ability seemed to imply that Johnny had come by his honors through ancestral excellence in swimming, but Johnny disclaimed the heritage. ““No, my father was a coal miner in Winbar, Pa. He could swim, but not much. Sort of like that cat Bachrach just mentioned. Neither could my grand- father, nor any other member of my family that I ever heard of.” But thoughts of things other than swimming are beginning to whirl in Johnny’s head. His next ambition is golf He has been playing golf seriously fg about two seasons, and again his powe of muscular relaxation and synchroniza. tion is being used to his advantage, fo he is shooting under ninety consistently on all of the hardest courses around Chicago. “T would like to be an amateur golf champion, too,”’ said Johnny, “but I an afraid I'll never be able to give golf enough practice to become really good, Swimming takes up so much of my time that I cannot seem to get in enough hour on the links, and I think that to become really expert in golf Pd have to practice it and study it just as hard as I have had to do with swimming.” “DUT what are your plans for the future—the commercial future?” asked I, in the obvious knowledge that one cannot eat medals, and amateurs get nothing but. **That’s something I have got to decide pretty quickly,” he replied, with a serious expression that sat queerly on his hitherto boyishly carefree face. “I think that | shall try the movies. Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford had me out for a visit last summer, and they gave me a lot of encouragement along that line. They even made a movie of me and ‘Stubby’ Harold Kruger (a championship team mate), in our little comedy stunt called “The Pool.’” “You mean you want to become a regular actor?”’ I asked him, rather astonished. ““Yes,”’ he answered simply. And there have been many stranger things than that, because Johnny Weissmuller likes to play. All artists, be they actors, poets or painters, play at living and live at play. So does Johnny Weissmuller, who, at twenty-one years of age, standing six-feet- three with his 180 pounds of bulk, has as his sole philosophy of life: “Keep at what you want to do if you would do it better than anyone else; keep at the getting of happiness if you would be happiest.” And, after all, the majority of the world’s swimming records stand as evi- dence that Johnny is right in the first part of his motto, at any rate. Recent Publications Glass and Glazing, by Emanuel E. Ericson. Simple, explicit directions tell- ing the amateur how to select and work with glass in new construction or | repair work in buildings and furniture. The author is well-known to readers of PopuLaR ScrENcE MonruHLY as a con- tributor to the Home Workshop. _ Illus- trated. The Manual Arts Press. Great Moments in Science, by Marion Lansing. Thrilling moments in which the history of the world has been changed by a scientific discovery. A forecast, too, of great moments that are to come. Doubleday Page & Co. Augu mh ~~ — = — 4©.wD ee —— —— a mr

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Gs eS Oe eee eee eee = ae | — ie d or of le S- 1e d t, e. August, 1926 Here Are Correct Answers to Questions on Page 46 1. Thunder storms are usually caused by great differences in the temperature of different parts of the air. Such differences are commoner in summer than at other times. 2. Of the millions of nerve ends in the retina some are able to see different colors. Sometimes these color nerves are wholly or partly missing or sick or damaged. Then the eye is unable to see any color or can see only some colors. 3. One square foot of the earth’s sur- face directly exposed to the sun receives about 1800 calories of heat per minute. The heat received by the entire surface is equivalent to the burning of about 100,000,000 tons of coal per minute. 4. Because the breeze created by the speeding automobile evaporates the per- spiration more quickly and _ therefore absorbs heat more rapidly from us. 5. Certainly. The birds tend to fall and have to hold themselves up by mov- ing their wings or by gliding. If they folded their wings and rested they would fall. : 6. On the roots of plants are millions of root hairs which touch the grains of the soil and absorb the water which wets their surfaces. This water contains chemicals, dissolved from the mineral grains, and these chemicals form the plant’s mineral food. 7. So far as we know there are none. Even in the dryest places in the United States, in the Mohave Desert, California, there are occasional storms and few years pass without rain. Even the Sahara Desert is not entirely rainless. 8. The revolution of the earth deter- mines the length of the day. As the earth revolves, the stars appear to move. If you pick out one exactly overhead at mid- night you can use that star to set your watch by every night, making allowance for changes in the star’s position caused by the earth’s yearly motion around the sun. 9. It depends somewhat on the size of the body. The average body contains about two gallons of blood. 10. So far as we know there is no sea serpent. Reports of sea serpents may be due to people seeing several animals together, as, for instance, a string of porpoises. 11. The filaments of electric lamps are made of tungsten, which is able to stand heating for a long time without being spoiled. 12. The yeast for making bread: is the same little living plant that makes alco- hol. Bread dough contains sugar derived from flour starch which the yeast con- verts into alcohol. At the same time it produces little bubbles of carbon dioxide gas, which make the bread rise. MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION i LAW OFFICES OPPOSITE U-S. PATENT Protect Your Ideas 109 ENTS iy INVENTORS Ww vt Write for these FREE BOOKS) > At the left is a view of my drafting and _ specification offices where a large staff of experienced experts is in my constant employ. ll drawings and specifications are prepared under my per- sonal super- vision Take the First Step Today If you have a useful, practical, novel idea for any new article or ——=—=___ for an improvement on an old one, you should communicate with — a competent Registered Patent Attorney AT ONCE. Every year thousands of applications for patents are filed in the U. S. Patent Office. Frequently two or more applications are made for the same or substantially the same idea (even though the inventors may live in different sections of the country and be entirely unknown to one another). In such a case, the burden of proof rests upon the last application filed. Delays of even a few days in filing the application sometimes mean the loss of a patent. So lose no time. Get in touch with me at once by mailing the coupon below. Strict Secrecy Pre- served—Write Me in Confidence All communications, sketches, drawings, etc., are held in strictest confidence in strong, steel, fireproof files, which are accessible only to authorized members of my staff. Feel free to write me fully and frankly. Your case will have my personal attention. It is probable that I can help you. Highest references. But FIRST— clip the coupon and get my free book. Do THAT right now. No Charge for Information on How to Proceed The booklet shown here contains valuable information relating to patent Procedure that every inventor should have. And with it I will also send you my “Recor form, on which you can sketch your idea and establish its date before a witness. Such evidence may later prove valuable to you. Simply mail the coupon and I will send you the booklet, and the ‘Record of Invention” form, together with detailed information on how to proceed and the costs involved. Do this NOW. No need to lose a minute’s time. The coupon will bring you complete infor- mation entirely without charge or obligation. Clarence A. O’Brien Registered Patent Attorney Member of Bar of: Supreme Court of the United States; Court of Appeals, District cf Columbia; Supreme Court, Distgict of Columbia; United States Court of Claims. Practice confined exclusively to Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights CLARE cere AO! WASHING TOM, oa Prompt—Careful Efficient Service = 5 This large, experienced organization devotes its entire time and attention to patent and trademark cases. Our offices are directly across the street from the U. S. Patent Office. We understand the technicalities of patent law. We know the rules and re- quirements of the Patent Office. We can proceed in the quickest, safest and best ways In preparing an application for a patent covering your idea. Our success has been built on the strength of careful, efficient, satisfactory service to inventors and trade- = owners located in every state in the nion. of Invention” n ' Clarence A. O’Brien . Registered Patent Attorney 88-D Security Savi Washington. D. a & Com. Bank Bid¢., Please send me your free book, “How to 0 a Patent,” and your “Record of tnevenmion” ieee without any cost or obligation on my part. COCO CCC COSC CCC SeCC ES

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BS eet Ee Ce Ce SESS! MPL RRS MMSE ETT ———— pl ‘ H | i i | 1H 110 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION Former Bricklayer Now Earning $12,000 a Year “When I enrolled with the International Correspondence Schools, I was a brick- layer and I didn’t know a thing about blueprints. Today I have my own con- tracting business and I am able to fig- ure the most difficult jobs and execute them to the satisfaction of everyone concerned. My income is between $12,000 and $15,000 a year. It cer- tainly was a lucky day for me when I sent in that I. C. S. coupon.” That’s a true story of what just one student of the International Correspondence Schools has done. There are thousands of others. Every mail brings letters from men and women telling of increases in income and salary due directly to spare-time study. One hour a day spent with the I. C. S., in the quiet of your own home, will prepare you for success in the work you like best. Mail the coupon for Free Booklet — ae oe ee TEAR OUT HERE — — — — — INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS Box 7601-E, Scranton, Penna Oldest and largest correspondence schools in the world Explain, without obligating me, how I can qualify for the position, or in the subject, before which I mark X. ARCHITECT [} Plumber and Steam Fitter Architectural Draftsman [] ELECTRICAL ENGINEER Architects’ Blueprints Electric Lighting and Rys. Contractor and Builder MECHANICAL ENGINEER Building Foreman [| Show Card and Sign Painting Concrete Builder [_] BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Structural Engineer Private Secreta Structural Draftsman 4 od Heating and Ventilation Plumbing Inspector Foreman P)umber Business Correspondent BOOKKEEPER Stenographer and Typist Higher Accounting Sheet Metal Worker -} COMMERCIAL LAW CIVIL ENGINEER [}Common School Subjects Surveying and Mapping (] Mathematics Electric Wiring -}GOOD ENGLISH Telegraph Engineer TJILLUSTRATING Telephone Work [_] Railway Mail Clerk Mechanical Draftsman -] CIVIL SERVICE Toolmaker Mining Engineer Machine Shop Practice [Gas Engine Operating CH EMIST TJ STATIONARY ENGINEER Pharmacy Textile Overseer or Supt. Navigation TRAFFIC MANAGER SALESMANSHIP AUTOMOBILES Spanish ADVERTISING AGRICULTURE French Window Trimmer Poultry Raising Radio EE Occupation Business Te SE Dacksneceisinstnbcarvecessonees Street and No. IIIT A> cccciesecnanstosenecroresvooneceeuees NN icccuascs vaacionion Canadians may send this eoupon to International Corre- d Schools Canadian, Limited, Montreal, Canada —PATENTS~ Registered Attys. U. S. and Canada LANCASTER & ALLWINE Send for our Original Form EVIDENCE OF CONCEPTION 278 Ouray Bidg. Washington, D. C. PATENTS Trade-marks, Copyrights, Patent Litigation, Handbook with illustrations, 100 mechanical movements. Sent free on request. ALBERT E. DIETERICH Formerly member Examining Corp. U. S. Patent Office Patent Lawyer and solicitor 27 years’ experience 681-A Ouray Bldg. Washington, D. C. August, 19% Noises You Never Hear (Continued from page 17) the absorption of the sound waves by the bodies of the passengers and by their clothes. All soft things absorb sound waves, while hard, smooth surfaces reflect them. In a loaded car the energy of the sound waves goes into heat, so that the clothes and faces of the passengers are made a trifle warmer, though not notice- ably so. Reverberation, which is responsible for many of the disagreeable noises of traf- fic, is the thing which also makes lec- ture halls and other large rooms so frequently hard to hear in. The sound of music or of a speaker’s voice is reflected back and forth hundreds of times from one wall to the other. Naturally your ear gets confused. Fine anabery try to avoid the shapes and sizes of rooms which they have learned by experience may develop acous- tic defects suchas this. Even after a room has been built and found tohavebad acous- tic properties the fault often can be rem- edied. For example, the late Professor Sabine, of Harvard, devised a kind of plaster which, when applied to the walls, absorbs a part of the sound waves and so lessens reverberation. Along somewhat similar lines, remark- able experiments recently were carried out in London, England, in efforts to silence the deafening noises produced in an airdrome by airplanes warming up for flight. In a tank of water in which were placed models of the airdrome buildings, there were set up ripples corresponding in wave-length scale to actual sound waves in the airdromes. By photographing these ripples, A. H. Davis, of the National Physical Laboratory, was able to work out a system of sound screens to kill much of the noise on the flying field. The effects of noise on health are still largely a closed book. Most of us assume that much noise is harmful. Perhaps it is. But. men of some occupa- tions, for example, locomotive engineers, live all their working hours in the midst of great noise and it seems to do them no harm. My own idea is that the harmfu effects of noise largely vanish if the noise is continuous. The constant roar of a locomotive in motion is not troublesome. But if you try to sleep close to the rail- way track and are not used to it, every | passing train will wake you. TRANGE noises are especially annoy- ing. A mouse scratching in the wall may drive a nervous person into actual ill- ness. The famous “death watch”’ beetle, which sometimes ticks like an irregular clock inside the timbers of old houses in England, annoys people to the verge of nervous prostration. Moreover, the actual loudness of a noise is by no means the only factor in de- termining its effect upon us. Much de- pends on what we have been accustomed to. The crashing sounds of elevated trains, the grinding of street cars, the din of auto horns and all the other rackets of a big city, of course, may drive to distrac- tion the man who has lived in the quiet a country. Yet it is equally true that the city man who visits the country may be kept awake at night just as much by the modest chirping of insects, the hooting of owls, and the cries of whippoorwills— sounds that are soothing to his country brother. ’ HERE is one place, however, where the mere loudness of the noise seems to me sometimes to do much harm. This is in offices. So long as the noisy office js occupied, for example, only by typists and their machines, the noise does not matter much. Where it does matter js where talking must be done above the noise. It requires energy to talk and energy to listen if you must strain to hear, I think that this is really a great load on American business. It has the same effect as though we employed only per- sons who were twenty-five or thirty per- cent deaf. Fortunately, this is not difficult to cure. The chief noise producer of the American office is the typewriter. In many cases it is possible to put all the typewriters in a single room. If talking is necessary in that room, sound-absorbing felts or other de- vices can he employed to reduce the noise. Another problem is that of the auto- mobile horn. What we need is a sound that will warn a pedestrian enough to make him realize his danger, without paralyzing him. When psychologists de- termine what kind of a noise that should be, undoubtedly we can devise a horn to produce it. For there is scarcely any kind of sound that we cannot produce. VEN the sounds that nobody can hear can be created readily. Inaudible sounds have been used for secret signal- ing, especially under water, between ships. Professor R. W. Wood, of Johns Hopkins University, recently produced intense beams of these waves, ran them into the water of an aquarium, and killed fish with them. Again, scientists possess a little instrument called “Galton’s whistle,” which can be adjusted to pro- duce a tone so shrill that no one can hear it. Many scientists believe that some animals, like the bat, and many insects can hear tones so shrill that they are for- ever inaudible to human beings. Certain- ly there are insects which have apparatus apparently adapted for producing such tones. It is quite possible that these creatures can talk to each other continual- ly in sounds to which we are hopelessly deaf. It is possible, too, that some day we may discover a way to repel or attract in- sects by inaudible waves. Thus, we might set up silent noise machines to keep mosquitoes or flies away from our houses. On the other hand, if we could find a noise that harmful insects liked, we might play this siren song for them and draw them into traps. No acoustic engineer is ready to say, as yet, that these things can be done, but neither is any one willing to assert that they are impossible. August. line

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ee ee Ee ee. P| fae De SS August, 1926 Pranks That Memory Plays (Continued from page 25) read a notice of the disappearance of a man by his name. Hurrying to a police station he told the officials he believed he was the missing man. A few moments later he was identi- fied by a member of a firm of which his father is a director. A nation-wide search costing over $100,000 had been made. HOSE who have made a special study of amnesia have detected at least three types of memory disturbance, any one of which may be responsible. In one type the loss of memory is believed to be due to the destruction of brain cells which act as the storehouses of memory. These break down in such a way that events long past can be recalled, while the memory of recent happenings is lost. Another type is exemplified in the “spot- ted” memory following alcoholism. While an intoxicated person may talk and answer questions much as if he were nor- mal, when the intoxication has worn off he may recall very little of what has trans- pired. In the third type, the memory con- cepts are stored away safely enough in the brain, but due to a “short circuit” in the lines of mental communication, these con- cepts cannot find expression in speech or action. Dr. Menas S. Gregory, noted authority on mental diseases at Bellevue Hospital, New York City, told me recently that many cases of hysterical amnesia can be avoided simply by facing disagreeable facts and surroundings, instead of trying to escape them. “For instance,” he said, “if a man is unhappy in his home, but hasn’t the moral courage to face the situation, he is the type likely to have amresia. He lets the situation prey on his mind, not hav- ing the will or power to set things right and at the same time shirking the unpleasant- ness of telling his wife the truth, until his nervous system becomes so impaired as to bring about a mental break. He is a man accustomed to doing things in the easiest way, following the line of least resistance. Amnesia is his way of escaping reality. If he could face the situation squarely, the mental break would never happen.”’ REMARKABLE instance of what may happen to a person who is un- happy and dissatisfied in an atmosphere of unpleasantness and misunderstanding is found in the disappearance several years ago of the cultivated wife of a farmer on the Pacific coast. For some time this woman had been tired and over- worked. One day she went to the barn to call her husband to dinner. She saw him standing at the barn door looking at the high heels she wore. That was the last she remembered. When she “awoke,” she was register- ing in a little hotel at Portland, Ore. As she tried to write her name she realized with a shock that she did not know what it was! Here she was, unable to collect any threads of memory, possessing only a small amount of (Continued on poge 112) MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION EVIDENCE Also send for ents, Trade Terms Reasonable Best References RANDOLPH & CO. Dept.130, Washington, D.C. PROTECT NVENTORS ,cF°'EC!,. Before disclosing your invention send for our Evidence of Invention Blank. This should be signed and witnessed and returned to us with a model or sketch and a description of your invention for our Inspection and Instructions which are free. Our guide book ‘‘How to Get Your Patent’’ which is sent free upon request. This book includes full instructions regarding U. S. Pat- Marks, our Terms, Methods, etc. WRITE TODAY 1 RANDOLPH & COMPANY. Washington, D.C. Dept. 130. 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The method is radically new, wholly different—a tremendous step forward in re- gaining and effects have bey: _ sixty. A hundred years ahead of modern medicine,” a New York physician. using and prescribing it. reserving prostate gland health. Amazing nm produced in thousands of men, many writes Doctors and Osteopaths are Brings treatment directly to the prostate gland without drugs, medicine, massage, violet rays or the application of electricity. Absolutely safe—absolutely natural, pleasant and easy to use. Does what Gland Tablets can never do. Directly stimulates the prostate gland and often restores it to normal size and functioning in six days! Also frequently toaes up entire system, and usually routs constipation and piles. Bladder weakness and frequent painful urina- tion relieved in most cases—often as though by magic. So astonishing is the effect of this wonderful nature- force that these results are unconditionally guaranteed or no charge is made. Scientist’ s FREE book, “Why Many Men Are Old at Forty,” explains these amazing facts about old .age. This book is now FREE. No obligation at all. loomed write at once, as the edition is limited, and every m paste 40 should now these vital facts. Simply ask for E Book. THE ELECTRO THERMAL CO., 4060 Main Street, } Lane hema Ohio. Western Address: ——. 40-C, 711 Van Nuys Bidg., Los Angeles, Cali- ornia. N E J GRAB THIS FREE ph hate ! OUTFIT QUICK! ‘ST Trouser Presser—wonderful ew, ft ee, Nay and it me hy 250,000 have My First \ Week q Mad “Since then I have earned jerersioo ery week,’ BE ones s. 1 a fowa Many fond Siilito “ras pie mosey ality prodact. Puts lesti = ow es out bagginess — smoot! hes — surface— toeveryman, FREE Selling Outfit Won artts baa ctvence., mel wemoorters, time or side line. Send 'oin the THE GETGEY-JUNG COMPANY o fT ene Cincinnati, Ohio ) STUDY AT. HOME Become a lawyer. Pe Ty eee gs and public une Be indepen never cae now than fore. fore. 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Occupation Employed by 8-T 34 We Teach COMMERCIAL ART Meyer Both Company, maintaining the most widely known Commercial Art Studios in the World, offers you a practical training based upon 25 years’ success in produc- ing over a quarter million drawings for leading advertisers. This attractive profession equally open to men and women. Home study in- struction. Get Facts Before You Enroll in Any School Send 4c in stamps for illustrated book telling of the success of our students. MEYER BOTH COMPANY, Dept. 35 Michigan Ave. at 20th St CHICAGO, ILL. 112 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION August, 19% Queer Pranks That Memory Plays (Continued from page 111) money, and with no clothes except those she wore. In this predicament she started out to find a job. In answer to an adver- tisement she went to an address which proved to bean insaneasylum! There she took a job as an attendant. For days she pondered the idea of speaking to one of the physicians about her loss of memory, but feared he might think her insane. At last, spurred by a growing feeling that she had once had a son who might need her (her sixteen-year-old boy was in school in Washington) she told her story to the doc- tor. For several days he questioned her, trying to help her recall her past life. Then one day, when she expressed her regret that she was unable to pay him for his services, he replied: H, PSHAW! Forget it. I am inter- ested in your case.” “Shaw—Shaw?”—the woman looked at him in astonishment. “I used to know someone with that name!”’ This strange coincidence was the first step in the recovery of her memory, which she regained completely as soon as she saw her husband once more. A familiar face, physicians say, is almost certain to bring back memory to an amnesia, victim. An equally remarkable case was that of a Western minister. One day, while on a hunting trip, he disappeared. Three weeks later he applied for enlistment in the Army. A sergeant recognized him and called him by name. He admitted the name sounded familiar. His wife was summoned. Upon her arrival, as she rushed to embrace him, the minister recognized her only as nurse who had cared for him when he was convalescing in a hospital in France. He recalled the hospital and the nurse, but had no recollection of his marriage eight years before. Later, after a rest, his full powers of memory were restored. "Experts declared his condition was brought about by war shock. Some of the effects of the more serious cases of epileptic amnesia, which fre. quently are responsible for crimes, were described by Dr. Alfred Gordon of Phila. delphia, an authority on the subject. “One of my recent patients, a cashier in a bank,” he said, “would suddenly leave his desk, walk to the safe, open it unceremoniously in the presence of other employees, fill his pockets with money and papers and walk out. * Another man, a tailor, would sudden- ly leave his shop, enter another store, pick up some goods, and make away with them. When arrested he would deny the theft vigorously. He could not believe he had done such a thing. Finally, aware that he was ill, he consulted a doctor.” As for the more common forms of hys- terical amnesia, however, scientists who have made a special study of the disease assure us that the best waz to escape suddenly losing our identity is to stop beating about the bush—to face boldly and squarely the realities of life about us. Keeping Your Car in the Pink of Condition (Continued from page 60) “After you have wiped off the body with the chamois skin to remove all the water, take an old piece of soft silk and polish the body with it. Somehow, silk is better than cotton as a polisher, especi- ally on enamel and these new lacquer finishes.” “How about the running gear?” Mur- ray questioned. “That always gets covered with a coating of dirt all gummed on with grease. Can you get that off with soap too?” “Tf it hasn’t been there so long that it is nearly as hard as a rock, you can,” Gus answered. “Paint the steering knuckles and parts like that with a little kerosene a few hours before you start washing and you will find that the kerosene will cut the dirt loose so that the soapy water will have a chance to remove it. Gasoline will do of course, but kerosene is better. There isn’t much of a shiny finish to the paint on axles and running gear anyway so if you wipe them off with an old rag now and then, the washing job will be much easier.’ UT how do you get rid of those rust spots around the corners and bolts?” Murray interrupted again. “Well, washing won’t take rust off,” Gus answered. “ But keep your eyes peeled and whenever you see signs of rust starting be sure to scrape away as much of the rust as you can with your knife blade and then get out the paint brush and touch up the spot. If you don’t, the rust will eat its way along under the finish and the spot will grow larger and larger. Of course it makes more progress with some types of auto finish than with others, but no matter what kind of protective coating you have on your car, rust will ruin it in time if you don’t watch out. “Why, I’ve seen a mud guard that looked all right from the top and yet you could stick your thumb through it almost anywhere. Stones bouncing up from the road had cut through the finish and after several years of rusting, there was nothing left but a thin shell of rust underneath the enamel!” “How would it do to take the car into one of these ‘auto laundries’ once a month and have it cleaned right?” suggested Murray. “That’s a better idea than letting it go without cleaning, provided that the place really understands how to use the high pressure air cleaning system,” Gus re- plied thoughtfully. “If you know a place where they know how to do the job right and get all the dirt off without harming the finish, you’re in luck. oS ey something you won’t see often,” Gus went on as he care- fully raised the hood of the well-groomed car. “Just look at that motor. It’s clean enough to put in your front parlor as an ornament! That’s the way expensive machinery should (Continued on page 113) Aug

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os a ut at ill ut n- ck ith pot 2 it of ing hat you ost the iter ing the nto nth ted go ace igh lace ght ing are- ned ean ; an sive 1 13)

August, 1926

Keeping Your Car in the Pink of Condition (Continued from page 112) be kept if you want to get the best possible service out of it, and besides, it’s a pleas- ure to work on a clean motor. You don’t have to put on overalls every time you have to change a spark plug or take a look at the breaker points.” “The owner must spend a lot of time to keep it that clean,” said Murray admir- ingly. ; “Not so much,” said Gus. “About once a month he runs it out back of the garage and gets busy with a pan of kero- sene and a paint brush. The kerosene washes away the dirt and wiping with dry rags takes off the film of kerosene and there you are!” “@NOSH!” Murray exclaimed. “I guess the answer is to get a good paint job done on my bus and then take good care of it. Tell me whom you would recommend to do the work and [ll run along and not bother you any more.” “Bet you my flivver against a busted cotter pin that his car will look just as bad a year from today,” grinned Joe Clark after Murray had gone. “Nothing doing!” Gus replied. “I'd sure lose the cotter pin. He’s not the kind that cares enough about machinery to take good care of it—but it will keep him amused for a while at any rate!” Eggs Lack One Vitamine GGS are the same as meat, according to an old saying of housewives, But recent experiments with eggs are said to show they are not. Eggs are almost negligible as a source of vitamine “C,” the vitamine that prevents scurvy. Guinea pigs fed on eggs of hens taking a diet especially rich in the vitamine, contracted scurvy quickly. Moreover, instead of making them immune from the disease, the diet of eggs seemed to make them particularly prone to it. Face Powder Danger in Dyes HAT a world ours would be with- out paint and powder! Dr. Miller and Dr. Taussig, American skin special- ists, recently told members of the Ameri- can Medical Association some interesting facts about the composition of face powders. Face powders, they explained, are of two kinds, the heavy and the light. The heavy powders consist mainly of varying mixtures of precipitated barium sulphate and talcum. The lighter powders are mainly starch. The finest powders con- tain rice powder, but since this in itself is too “light and fluffy,” a little zinc oxide is added to give it “weight.” Powders are usually colored with car- mine for the flesh tints and yellow ochre or umber for the brunette shades. These coloring matters are harmless, but some- times, to give brighter and more varying shades, small quantities of aniline dyes are added. And here the trouble may lie, for some of these aniline dyes have been shown to produce skin eruptions.

MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION 113

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Fa a 2 a Sita ace 114 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION He Caught the World by the Ear (Continued from page 31) -IncreaseYourPay in Cartooning $50 to Over $250 a Week Paid to Good Car- toonists! And You Can Easily Learn This Fascinating Profession Right At Home in Spare Time. Free Booklet Explains This Easy Method. Send For It Today. There isn’t a more attractive or highly paid profession today than cartooning. Millions of dollars are spent every year for good cartoons by the 20,000 or more news- papers and magazines in the United States alone. Capable cartoonists earn from $50 to over $250 a week. Fontaine Fox, Briggs, Bud Fisher, Sid Smith and the other head- liners make more money than the presi- dents of most corporations. Think of it! Quick Easy Way to Learn Cartooning Yet of all the professions cartooning is now posi- tively one of the easiest to learn. You don’t have to know a thing about drawing. Through our amaz- ingly simple method you can quickly learn to dash off side-splitting cartoons that may mean ease and independence for you and yours—within a surpris- ingly short time. You learn right at home, yet your work receives the personal attention and criticism of our successful instructors. So rapid is the course that many students actually sell enough work during their training to pay for it. Mail Coupon for Free Book Learn more about the wonderful money-making opportunities in cartooning, and how this method makes it easy for you to learn. Read about our students—their success—what they say—actual re- productions of their work—how they made big money while studying. This amazing little book may mean the ee in your life. Send for it today. It is yours without cost or obligation. Mail coupon NOW. Washington School of Cartoon- ing, Room 248-D, 1113-15th St., N. W. Washington, D. C. WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF CARTOONING, Room 248-D, 1113-15th St., N. W. Washington, D. C. Please send me without obligation, your illustrated FREE BOOKLET on Cartooning. ah ens. hg Wi ob sis wos cicle's 0 0 BK cece (Write Name Plainly) NS SS ee re SRS SOUT cewek sveces uae en ee Intensely practical training. 2 year Diploma; 3 year B.S. Degree. Special short 4 months’ course in Drafting. Enter any time. Courses adapted to YOUR needs. No time wasted. Expert instructors. Graduates are in constant demand. Opportunities fo: self-support while studying. Athletics. Low tuition—easy terms. 23rd year. Write for copy of 72-page “‘Blue Book,” mailed free. Chicago Technical College Dept. K-51, 118 East 26th St., Chicago Chicage [7 Engineering + Architecture TECH |= Drafting Day and Evening Classes Earn While Learning August, 19% “Bell had invented a magneto tele- phone, the energy of the voice produc- ing the current that went over the wire. It occurred to me that the proper way to transmit speech would be by means of battery current. It seemed to me that what I should do would be to make a diaphragm and a contact pin, or screw, touching it in the center, and in some way produce an undulatory electric current by continuous action of that contact.” What Berliner made, as he then described it, was in principle our micro- phone of today. In fact, the original still in his laboratory is in size and shape so much like our radio microphone in out- ward appearance, despite its crudity, that it makes an observer smile. He made it out of a toy drum sawed in half, the front portion mounted on a small block of wood with its sheepskin face outward. TRANSMITTER TRANSFORMER RTCEIVER ff Ah The Bell-Berliner telephones, first used in 1879 —Bell’s receiver and Berliner’s transmitter On the back of the sheepskin he glued a cork and stuck an ordinary sewing needle through the cork and sheepskin. Through the needle’s eye, he threaded a wire. On the top of the diaphragm he put in a little screw to hold a metal embroid- ery thread from which a small steel button dangled to make a contact with the point of the needle. This was the first loose-con- tact transmitter ever invented. It was made in January, 1877, the year after Bell had given exhibitions at the Cen- tennial Exposition in Philadelphia of his magneto telephone. “I want to say, however,” continued Mr. Berliner, “that my transmitter was not in good condition; it was still the old membrane, the skin membrane with a patch of iron glued to the center. ° “T next rigged up my instrument with an iron diaphragm and made contact with its center with the little round highly polished steel button at the end of the wire from the screw. When I connected it to the battery, all at once I heard a sound coming from that iron diaphragm. I connected my terminals off and on, and heard a loud tick, tick, tick. “That was strange to me, so I took a tuning fork and held the prongs to the end of one wire and lo and behold, the sound of that tuning fork came from the diaphragm. “So I made two instruments, each of nothing else but an iron diaphragm and a steel ball, I connected them, one upstairs and one downstairs in the three-story building. I had a friend talk into the in- struments upstairs and I listened down- stairs, and I could plainly understand what he said. > “T had a lot of trouble with that loose contact, however. If I adjusted one instrument, and then went downstairs to adjust the other instrument, the warmth of the electric current would throw the first one out of adjustment before | could adjust the second. Then I got the idea of an induction coil to step up the current at the origin of the sound. That was the first time an induction coil, or transformer, had been used in telephon- ing, and I got excellent results. “TOR a few years the telephone seem- ingly dropped out of the limelight, but meanwhile the small, struggling Bell Telephone Company had been building longer lines up in Massachusetts for communication between houses. “One day, Thomas A. Watson, who was Mr. Bell’s assistant, came to see} me, and I showed him my loose-con- tact telephones. He told me at once that his company would want what I had. J joined that company later in the year. “At first the Bell company had used Bell’s invention as receiver and trans- mitter. I had been using my microphone for both purposes, but it was found that best results were obtained by using Bell’s invention as the receiver and my micro- phone as the transmitter, the two forming perfect supplements to each other, as they are in our telephone today.” In next giving the world a talking machine which would reproduce sounds accurately, Berliner perhaps has done as much for our entertainment and cultural development as any other one person. HOMAS A. EDISON had invented a | tinfoil phonograph ten years before | Berliner became interested in the idea. Edison’s phonograph had been based ona system of sound recording by which sound waves were indented vertically or en- graved vertically into a wax cylinder. “TI got the idea, from studying various instruments,” said Mr. Berliner, “that if I could make a record in which the sound waves traced themselves at even depth and horizontally, like writing, that distortion of sounds reproduced by instruments of the other type would not | take place. “Then, after I had my idea patented, I set to work trying to develop a duplicat- ing process which would enable me to strike any numker cf records of some wear-resisting material. The disk record readily lent itself to such an idea. At first I tried celluloid, which proved not quite hard enough, so I turned my atten- tion to hard rubber. “ AFTER experimenting for a number of years, I obtained a hard rubber product, but even then the records were not uniformly perfect. I then tried a shellac composition which had _ been tried by the Bell company in making its hand telephones. These records, at last, showed remarkable uniformity. More- over, because the material was harder than hard rubber, the reproduced sounds were louder. This instrument proved an immediate success.” Augus CH Swe Mass OS See =X

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ae Se SE AR ee eee eee ee oe a ee ™)L. J. Clement made that */ in a small New Hamp- shire town. Butters made $592 in one month. Me Phail $1,140.10 in four months. LaBarr sold 42 guns every week for 39 consecutive weeks. Others are making nmore. __ : “The new Weldon Fire Gun sells on sight because of its amazing new fea- tures. Shoot chemical 25 feet without pumping. Low in price. Every farm home, factory, garage, store a prospect. One demonstration often sells a dozen— ‘our profit $50 or more. I teach you how to demonstrate—give you a free selling outfit, and a course in salesmanship. Big money in full or spare time. Write quick for full details. WELDON MANUFACTURING COMPANY Dept. 6-K Grand Rapids, Michigan SS Nanted/ MANY MAKE 15°100 a Weeg one of the greatest opportun- e ities ever offered ambitious men! Sell Harrison Clothes at wholesale prices. Make up to $5, $10, $20 profit—cash in your pocket—every day. There’s a big re- peat business. We supply handsome FREE selling outfit with 6 x 9 swatches of long- wearing woolens, photos of latest New York models, and selling helps. Prompt de- liveries, satisfaction guaranteed, great val- ues at $24.75. We ship direct, collect direct. If you want to be your own boss and meke most money, write us about yourself today. f S. HARRISON BROS., Dept. 815 y N 133 W. 21st St., New York City O EXPERIENCE NECESSAR Would you like to own this combination end table and book trough? Bought in a store this end table would cost $20 to $25. If you make it yourself it will cost you only $5 or so for the hardwood, and the finishing materials. If you can use a hammer and saw you can easily make this handy table from Home Work- shop Blueprint No. 3 which will e sent you on receipt of 25c. lueprints are mailed the day order is received. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 250 Fourth Avenue New York MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION Plants That Almost Think | (Continued from page 33) animals, the strongest instinct that plants possess is the instinct of self-preservation. As with animals, too, their second strong- est instinct is the instinct of reproduction. Unlike animals, plants, being locked to the ground by their roots, cannot go forth in the world in search of mates. With the kind assistance of Mother Nature, however, they have evolved ingenious methods of circumventing the disadvan- tages of their lack of mobility. There are two plant sexes, which some- times are combined on the same stem or in the same flower—for the flowers are the reproductive parts of plants. The male portion of the flowers, known as stamens, shed a yellow powder, called pollen. In the female portion of the flowers, called pistils, are produced the ovules, or young seeds. Pollen must be brought to the ovules for them to become fertile—seeds capable of entering the ground and be- coming young plants. N PLANTS such as the goldenrod, thistle and dandelion, which have flower tops that are soft, light and feathery, this transfer of the pollen is a simple matter. It is brushed off and carried by the wind to fertilize the ovules of other plants. But other varieties of plants are made so that the pollen cannot be carried about by the breeze. Insects, such as the bee and the butterfly—each, according to the laws of nature, concerned only with its own battle for life, must be persuaded to do this necessary work. Deep down in the flowers of such plants is a store of an exceedingly sweet substance called nectar, which is most attractive to insects. In search of this nectar, the insects visit the flowers, and, as they remove it, the pollen adheres to their legs and heads. On their next plant visits the pollen is brushed off and fertilizes the tiny ovules. But competition is keen in the vege- table world, and the plants have found that it pays to advertise. They attract the attention of roving insects by brightly colored flowers, or by sweet-smelling per- fumes. Scientists say that the forms of flowers, so beautiful to our, eyes, are determined entirely for the convenience of the insects that help fertilize their seeds. The petunia is shaped for the accommodation of moths and _ butter- flies, the form of the nasturtium makes it easy for the humming bird to gather its nectar, the sage is suited to the conven- ience of the bee. In an orchid that grows in Madagascar the nectar is contained in a spur twenty inches deep—far too deep for any of our insects to obtain it, but in Madagascar there is a moth with an enor- mous proboscis, which finds the orchid suited exactly to its conformation. As this Cyrano de Bergerac of the insect world is not likely to visit any other variety of plant, the orchid is sure that its pollen will not be wasted. HE wily plants use even man—who usually considers himself the lord of all creation—to help spread their seeds. When you throw away a peach, or plum, or orange, or cherry pit you are falling into atrap which (Continued on page 116) &% $1,000 in 30 Days $13,500 First Year made by Har- is what A. H. tle, a R. R. Ward made after Mail Clerk taking this sales for ten years. training. Let Me Make You a Master Salesman! This New Easy Way DON’T care what you are now or what you think. The Association of which I am president will take you in short, easy steps and make a Master Salesman of you, put you in the same class with the big pay men who have all the good things of life. Many have thought that Salesmen were “born.” And that idea has kept many men from succeeding. But this Association of Master Salesmen has proved that any man can be taught the rules and principles that make men Master Salesmen. Easy as ABC If you are as intelligent as the ordinary mechanic, postal clerk or stenographer, you can quickly master the simple A B C’s of selling. There are certain ways of approaching a prospect to get his undivided attention, certain ways to stimulate keen interest, certain ways to overcome objection, batter down prejudices, outwit competition and make the pros- pect act. You can learn these principles at home in a short period of pleasant, inspiring study. And once you have mastered these secrets of Master Salesman- ship, you can take advantage of the employment department of the Association without charge. This is a real opportunity, for during the last year the Association received calls for 49,880 salesmen from the biggest sales organizations in America. The book you see below has been the starting point for thousands of men who are now successful salesmen. This book, ‘Modern Salesmanship,’’ is now FREE, and will be sent to every man who fills out and returns the coupon below. Rush the Coupon If I were asking ten or twenty dollars for this book you might hesitate. But Iam not. It is Free. And since it may mean the turning point in your life, it certainly is worth the two cents you will have to spend to get this amazing book and read for yourself the astonishing facts given between its two covers. You have everything to gain and not one cent to lose, so mail the coupon today, sure. J. E. Greenslade President N.S. T. A. Bldg. Chicago, Illinois Dept. K-15 PUTTITIIITI III iii iii ie) . National Salesmen’s Training Ass'n. 5 . T. A. Bidg., ept. 5 Chicago, Illinois. Send me FREE your book “Modern Salesman- ship’’ and proof that I can become a Master Salesman. pe Occupation....... TTT Z ~ 5 ®

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EE EEOeowr 116 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION Become a musician so quickly as to astound everyone. Learn by playing real music—instead of tiresome ‘“‘exercises.”” You'll soon become the most popular person in your “set.” New Easy Method Nothing else like it for thoroughness and rapidity. So simple that young and old find it easy to play with amazing skill. No “trick music” — but ac- Pick Your Instrument | tual notes, learned quickly Drums oun right in your own home. Organ Harmony and] FREE: BOOK and . a sion eaten Demonstration Lesson ore String) Proware offers this wonderful musical Clarinet Cornet opportunity. Send for them Flute Trombone today before copies are ex- Saxophone hausted. You'll be astounded —.. _ at this easy, rapid way to be- Mandolin Culture come a veritable master of Automatic Finger — Savarite a. —s struments supplied when need- Piano Accordion ed, cash ‘or credit. eon 8 8 8 8 8 8 OE Ue Ue Ue Ue U. S. SCHOOL OF MUSIC, 88 Brunswick Bldg. NEW YORK CITY Send me your amazing free book, ‘‘Music Lessons in Your Own Home,” with introduction by Dr. Frank Crane; also Demonstration Lesson. This does not put me under any obligation. REG OE ss soba cbs ine wir tenses cecnwnaeee Es Sal Ch debe Ok ike a nica Vesa psec sees Have you | ee OS eee 1 Didn't Think MakingMoney Could Be So Much Fun’ A Dept.§iK. Adrian, Mich. abignee pend me fs ogee gout free book ca | in eside Industries. i ‘enclose Ze stamp. BE, 4 RAILWAY TRAFFIC INSPECTOR per Month Earn Up to $250 Expenses Paid Unusual opportunities in this uncrowded profession. Travel: meet big railway officials. Preparation easy in 3 months’ spare-time home study. Start at $1 Upon graduation we secure position Per Month = for you or refund your money. More men needed! Mail coupon toda al KE ' i acecheas teteteate en } ee oemes Sw - inst., Buffalo, N. Y. ” Send me, entirely free, Booklet a No. ij 1 iculars about course in Railway Traffic Inspection. August, 19% Plants That Almost Think (Continued from page 115) a cunning plant has set for you. The plant wanted those pits—its seeds—to get into the ground, so it surrounded them with a sweet, luscious pulp that you would be sure to eat, but made the pits so hard that you would be as sure to throw them away. Plants which reproduce their kind by flowering and seeds are the aristocrats of the vegetable world. They range from the tiny duckwood, scarcely larger than the head of a pin, to the mighty sequoia trees of California, the largest of all plants. Plants on lower rungs of the social ladder, such as seaweed, ferns and moss, repro- duce by fission, or splitting. When it reaches a certain size the plant divides itself, and there are two plants growing where only one grew before. HERE isa criminal class in the plant world—plants that are grafters, ban- dits or even murderers. Like human criminals, they. make an easy living by preying on the hard-working members of the community. Few plants die a natural death—they are murdered by the thugs of the vegetable world. A tree will continue to grow, year after year, until a branch breaks because it has become too heavy to support its own weight. Then a deadly fungus will attack the wound for the purpose of feeding on the rich sap—the tree’s lifeblood. Soon the whole sturdy tree will be withered and rotten. Then comes death. The blights, rots, molds, mildews, mushrooms, toad- stools and other fungi make up this grafting criminal class of the plant world, Sometimes plants have weapons with which they are able to defend themselyeg against such enemies as browsing animals insects and fungi. Thorns, and the poison of such plants as poison ivy and poison oak, are such weapons. Sometimes plants in an effort to defend themselves against their enemies, enter into alliance with insects. The accacia of Central America, for example, gives lodgings on its leaves to meat-eating ants, which pay their rent by driving away leaf-eating ants which come to attack the plant. ope redwood trees of California. prob. ably are the oldest living things in the world today. Plant life is the oldest life of which we have positive proof. There were found recently, in the Catskill Mountain region of New York State, fossil stumps of trees that grew in the Middle Devonian Age, estimated to be a hundred million years ago. Yet every year strange new plants are being discovered. Only recently Prof. Samuel J. Record of Yale University, re. turning from a trip into the forests of Guatemala and British Honduras, re. ported the discovery of a tree with an abundance of sweet sap resembling milk, and of another tree that gives forth a red liquid like blood. Scientists admit that they are just beginning to solve the many problems of plant life. Their investigations undoubt- edly will bring rich rewards. Sharpshooting at the Atom (Continued from page 34) mass, is 400,000,000 times that of bullet. So far, Professor Rutherford has been able to knock pieces out of the nuclei of atoms comprising six different elements. These elements, which are all among the lightest, are the gases boron, nitrogen and fluorine; the metals sodium and aluminum, and the non-metallic solid, phosphorus. In each case the piece knocked out has been hydrogen, and the remainder of the wounded atom forms a new element. In a number of instances he has released the spontaneous power of the atom, or at least a part of it. The chief drawback tod his method of attack lies in the fact that his ammuni- tion, the alpha ray of helium, is among the rarest of substances. Since, however, scientists believe that helium may be made from hydrogen, and since hydrogen is the element knocked out of the bombarded nucleus by the helium ray, it is not too much to suppose that an inexhaustible supply of ammunition eventually can be made from the material which that same ammunition sets free. SECOND Englishman, Dr. T. F. Wall, tried to effect a change in matter by the use of magnetism. He in- vented a little wire coil, so small that a man could easily get his arms around it, yet so effective that it can shoot a current of about 260,000 horsepower. Smashing repeatedly at the atom with this vest- pocket earthquake, Dr. Wall has produced more electric current than it takes to run the coil itself. He has shaken the atom and made it give up some of its energy. He predicts that ultimately he, or some co-worker, will develop a beam of cold energy to give us power without going through the lost motion of first producing heat, with its accompanying waste. F EQUAL interest is the reported sue- cess of the German scientist, Prof. Adolph Miethe, of the Charlottenburg Technical College of Berlin, in creating gold from a less valuable metal—a quest of centuries. Professor Miethe fired an intense electric current through mercury vapor contained in an exhausted vessel, with the result that some of the electrons in the current actually pierced the mer- cury atoms. The product has been tested by the German mint, and pronounced to be the precious metal in every respect. There is some controversy, however, over the experimental methods employed to derive the gold and there is a big draw- back to its manufacture on a commercial scale; for the cost of creating the metal is about $2 000,000 a pound, as compared with a market value of $320 a pound. Using a different method, the Japanese experimenter, Professor Nagaoka, ob- tained microscopic quantities of gold from mercury. e Professor Miethe worked with a small electrical force of about 160 volts at 12.6 amperes, Professor Nagaoka used many million volts. He concentrated this in a narrow space on thesurface of the — (Continued on page 117) August, ee Sha ‘| merct runnl In two ] and sity ¢ metal elect curre merct ( I Phot show rent « throu follov Grad disap indic Ther meta the li almo An atom Wen wire tung: was dens¢ entir whic was | time: by a almo hund that whic Tl tran: have tific valu most ener; The they ing 1 spon In 01 ther S° g at t apps insté alph two will brea eack hun fore mak thor exp targ inck mar T spit hop to g

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=e rw eew tS OO UTES Oe LD “= wv ie Ae PE tO tee ee far Fe | Bieta Oo -— wee CO me Ft CD August, 1926 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION Sharpshooting at the Atom (Continued from page 116) | mercury and kept his mercury lamp running for a long period of time. In other remarkable experiments the two Dutch scientists, Dr. Arthur Smits and Dr. Karssen of the Univer- sity of Amsterdam, started with lead, a metal very nearly like mercury in its dlectrical make-up, and using electrical current in a quartz lamp, changed it to mercury. O ACCOMPLISH this they melted lead and filled a tube with its vapor. Photographs of the spectrum of this vapor showed that only lead was present. A cur- rent of 60 to 100 amperes then was passed through the vapor in the form of sparks following one another at regular intervals. Gradually the lead spectrum began to disappear and was replaced by the lines indicating the presence of mercury. There were lines, too, of thallium, a rare metal lying between lead and mercury in the list of elements. The lead disappeared almost entirely. America’s part in the conquest of the atom has been played by Dr. Gerald L. Wendt and C. E. Irion, who hit a tungsten wire with electric heat so intense that the tungsten changed entirely to helium. This was accomplished by charging a con- denser to 100,000 volts and turning the entire amount loose at once on the wire, which was drawn out extremely fine. There was a blinding flash of light—about 200 times as bright as sunlight—accompanied by a deafening report. The light was gone almost instantaneously, in less than the hundred-thousandth part of a second. In that time the wire blew up and the metal of which it was made became helium. Thus far, all these experiments in transmutation, important as they are, have been little more than amazing scien- tific “stunts” with little immediate usable value. What scientists want to know most of all is how to get the spontaneous energy out of the atom and put it to use. The incidental problem of transmutation they regard simply as a step toward solv- ing the greater problem of the release of spontaneous energy. A discovery made in one field will always make easier fur- ther discoveries in the other. ue of the difficulties of attacking the atom have been indicated. In shooting at the nucleus, the percentage of hits is appallingly low. When Rutherford, for instance, bombards aluminum with his alpha rays, he expects that only about two of the helium bullets in every million will ever get near enough a nucleus to break off a piece of hydrogen, although each bullet passes through about a hundred thousand aluminum atoms be- fore it is stopped. In other words, he makes only two good hits in a hundred thousand million shots. And who could expect otherwise when the size of the target is only one ten-trillionth of an inch? It’s like shooting at the nose of a man in the moon. The patience of men who persist in spite of odds so great strengthens the hope that in this generation we may learn to grasp the wasted power that tantalizes. BeEavuTIFUL as this trellis is, it is surprisingly easy to build and well within the ability of any man handy with woodworking tools. And the construction is sturdy enough to insure the trel- lis lasting for years. Ornamental trellis-work 477) like the one illustrated, to- ne t aie oe 2 2 h This Ornamental Trellis Work Will Add Charm to Your House or Garden gether with other designs for trel- lis-work, are available in the HomeWorkshop Blueprint No. 34. Architects often use well de- signed and carefully placed trel- lises to give an added attraction to poorly proportioned houses. Full working details and build- ing material for trellises such as pictured in this advertisement are contained in Blueprint No. 34 which will be sent you by return mail on receipt of 25c. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 250 Fourth Avenue New York, N. Y. MAIL TODAY Iam enclosing 25c for which please m{:. send me Blueprint No. 9 of the ~~ Arbor, Gate and Swing. $25 IN PRIZES See Cash Prize Offer on Page 4 in front advertising section Have You An INVENTION? Ifso the WORLD PROGRESS will send you upon request sample copy Free comsints Suggestions to Inventors as to Inventions Needed invite manufacturers to address us regarding Ae tions they want. Subscription for one year 60 cents. WORLD PROGRESS PUB. CO., INC. Room 202 Victor Bidg. Washington, D. C. Wrestling Book FREE Learn to phe ip expert wr estior. wrest! b Silcuse ands me arm er splendid cies bow ‘have ve per ect See salt oin dpa tae wal "se cham Gotch and Farmer Burns wars pn a a ee onper tuaeet Come t by mail, Mea boys pay now G3 F friend ESTLING all the sclenen en Be ie’, to sndle rea with co gas, (cee 9 Mite wonterte Parmer Barus School of Wresting, C-118 Ramer lig, Ox igrad stp Using a Truss elnlare PLAPAO- are different from ey ce being mechanico- chemico applicators made Gelf-adhesive purposely to hold the Ginendee muscles in place, No straps, buckles or spring attached —cannot slip, go cannot chafe or press against the bone., ‘Thousands have successfully treated them- Reduced FacSimite Bees ‘ac-Simile Gold “po o to. cases conquered, Grand Prix . eee Awarded bstina’ Soft as velvet—easy t Gold ‘Medal and Grand Prix. of recovery is natural, so afterwards no further use for trusses. "We prove it by sending Trial of Plapao shaolutely FREE Write name on Coupon and send T Plapao Co., 1313 Stuart Bldg., St. Seah Mo. NaMe ...c.cccccccccccccccccccccccccccsecccccecece ee Address POU RETICEEEOLILEC TD eoccccsod Return mail will bring Breo Trial Plapaa, A 2c Stamp —will start you on the road to success. See Money Making Op- portunities on pages 96 to 119. Begin I Today — Write for my FREE p a Ican make a good penman of a at home di spare time. Write for my FREE BOOK, *‘HowtoBecome a Good Penman.’'It contains Specimens and tells how others mastered penmansh the Tamblyn System. Your name will be elegant y written ona ee if you enclose stamp to pay postage. Write to- for book. 77 §W. TAMBLYN 437 Ridge Bldg., Kansas City, U.S.A. SIGNS and SHOW CARD PAINTING MADE EASY To produce really good signs, show cards, and lettering work, allyouhaveto dois trace around the Letter Patternand thenfill in your tracing. Anyonecan doit. ; Sizes and styles for all practical uses. Send stamp for sample. John F. Rahn, D2120 N. Neva Ave., Chicago, Ill. Easyto Draw Cartoons When Shown in the RIGHT WAY Some of the cleverest cartoonists and comic artists learned how_to draw in their spare time by followi ring Cartoonist Evans’ pimple es ond seag | sot Learn Metho and are now ING Y. Send one of your drawings, and let Meo eta oo Nr you have ability and receive the Portfolio of Cartoons and full details about the course. It is not expensive. THE W. L. EVANS SCHOOL OF CARTOONING 25 Leader Building Cleveland, 0}

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i 118 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION

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There are lots of “Jims” in the world— in stores, factories, offices, everywhere. Are you one of them? Wake up! Every time you see an I. C. S. coupon your chance is staring you in the face. Don’t turn it down. Right now over 180,000 men and women are preparing themselves for bigger jobs and better pay through I. C. S. courses. You can join them and get in line for promotion. Mark and mail this coupon, and find out how. “INTERNATIONAL “CORRESPONDENCE § SCHUOLS Bex 7700-D, Scranton, Penna. Oldest and largest correspondence schools in the world Without —a. S sheee tell me how I can qualify for the position or in the subject defore which I have marked an X;

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August, 19%

00 Agonw Earn ry Week : () sure Shirts. Others Earning $100 Weekly selling Girect to wearer. Custom Quality = a by Carlton, 5th Ave., N. ca’e greatest shirt values, silks, staples and exclusive pat- € ect. Your profit: daily. Big, beautiful sample out- fit FREE. Permanent position. Satesmen and Saleswomen write today for outfit. CARLTON MILLS, INC., 114 FIFTH AVE. Dept. 86-F NEW YORK

The Right Material to Build With (Continued from page 37) That is, can we take these plans and build from them in whatever material we happen to select?” “Yes, but not to the best advantage. It is loosely claimed that a house does not need to be specially planned either for tile or concrete block, because there are enough fractional sizes and the mason knows how to fill in odd spaces. The fact is that an exact design for the material you use makes it possible to estimate cor- rectly and order just the units needed. You save time in sorting misfits and avoid a lot of poor makeshifts. Let an architect revise the plan to fit the desired material.” ‘Hollow tile always has stucco put on it?” inquired the young man. OT always. When it does, the out- side is keyed or rough. There are also smooth or matt outer surfaces meant to be left bare—but that’s only practical in a region of scant rainfall. Tile with a glazed outer surface will stand the most humid climate, but it’s hard to get it. Stucco outside is the general rule. T he inside, in dry and warm regions, is cal- cimined or directly plastered. Again the general rule for most of the country is to have furrizg strips under wood or metal lath or whatever final interior surface you want. - This air space, among other things, takes care of the condensation of moisture on masonry, which is like that we see on window glass and has nothing to do with moisture going through a wall. The point needs emphasis because con- densation isan important problem inbuild- ing and few people understand it at all.” " He’ do you figure this house in con- crete block?” asked Rob. “Call it nine percent more than wood frame, which amounts to $8,502. That’s a trifle less than hollow tile. With both stuccoed alike, the appearance is the same. I would choose between the two materials on the basis of availability. Concrete blocks are generally heavier and cost more to transport. But their larger size is a factor that speeds mason work. The standard block, eight by eight by six- teen inches, equals sixteen bricks laid sol- idly. There is even a block two feet in length, but it takes a Sandow to enjoy juggling with this unit. Blocks are often made scant in the long dimension so as to allow for mortar joints, which we must bear in mind in planning and building. An eight-inch wall is sufficient in blocks. The total thickness, stucco outside and lath- and-plaster inside, is that of a tile wall. “As with tile, blocks come in all the handy fractional sizes and the various shapes needed for openings, corners, col- umns and so on. Better have the sills and lintels made on the ground of rein- forced solid concrete.” “T suppose the blocks have air spaces and all,” said Rob. *“Yes, one or more, and there are sec- tional kinds in which mortar joints Go not go through the wall.” “Can you use the blocks without hav- ing stucco put over them?” pursued my young friend. “You can when a rich cement mixture

is on the outside. The surface may ca semble granite, limestone or other egy stone. But so many ugly imitations gf 7 stone have been made in concrete thaph all exposed block masonry is now digit approved by the cement people and by architects. Always stucco, they tell ug, It’s a good rule that has its exceptions, When you stucco, you don’t need faney facings; any block of coarse exterior will serve and it costs less.” ‘T HAVE seen some stucco houses that were quite beautiful,’ remarked El]. len. “While I was looking at them J almost forgot my favorite wood colonial, There were several interesting patterns or textures, I believe they call them, of the stucco. And my, what colors! Blues, golds, pinks, I don’t know what all. They were almost too gorgeous and stunning. , “We'll switch to stucco yet,’ com. mented Rob, winking. -** A lot of people are getting sold on this new-fangled colored stucco,” I observed; “* America has kind of starved its eyes on’ drab dwellings. Why shouldn’t we liven up with a few art gallery effects on the outsides of our houses? Just as the radio is said to be educating people in music, $0 this outside adornment of homes may give us a free education in color.” “You notice I have the specifications for our house in wood frame,” remarked} Rob. “They’re supposed to be i impor tant, the specifications, what?” “They certainly are. You don’t go to a tailor and order just ‘a suit of clothes,’ I guess not. You select the cloth, spec ify linings and go into details of work-| manship. It is a pity that many if not most home builders or buyers pick out a house on architectural layout and pass up entirely the specifications, on which qual- ity and workmanship depend. There are several grades of material and likewise degrees of merit in construction, ranging from the slipshod to the extra good. What material and kind of work do your specifications call for?” “That’s what I want to know,” said} the young man. “There are a slew off figures and trade terms in the document.” “Let’s see "em. At first sight they do} read like dog Latin or legal jargon. The only way to understand this stuff is to go} over it point by point. I'll do that with you later. On the whole it seems the requirements are pretty standard, but some of the elements as given may not quite harmonize from the quality angle.” HE real question is,” said Rob, “what style house Ellen has de- cided on as the result of this confab.” The young woman laughed and said: “That’s easy. We're going to have a synthetic house of wood, brick, hollow tile and concrete block, covered with stucco in a charming rainbow effect.”

As A READER of your magazine, I wish to congratulate you upon the article “ Just} What Tools Do You Need?” I think a magazine which contains anything on tools contains something really worth while.—K. McK., Alba, Texas.

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e h to} Just k a on orth I Made'2] In FiveHours —Writes Peter Werner, Ili. Sell Madison “Better- Made” Shirts for Large Manufacturer Direct to wearer. No capital or experience needed. Many earn $100.00 weekly and bonus. Write for Free Samples MADISON SHIRT M'FRS, 562 Broadway, New York ee eee Pisron ; ion Against Burglare, Tramps and Nogs PRICES 50c. $s yam POST- PAID a burglar. Mat slr tive a3 a re * ithout to life. It takes standard" .22_ Cal. Blank feng ee obt inable everywhere. Price ff Supe! ua 1.00 Postpaid. Biank eorondges, hod ga2 per 06. ‘ewes Some of the highest paid men in the world are advertising men. You can learn easily and quickly at home during your spare time. Big- opportunities now in advertising than ever before. Tremen- demand for our graduates at big pay. Send for FREE Book Giving interesting information and vital facts—just what you want to know about advertising. Write today: PAGE-DAVIS SCHOOL OF ADVERTISING, Dept. 136C 3601 Michigan Ave., Chicago, U.S. A. arn to Mount Birds SSSSOCCRCTRRTORSVESECSSeReceReEeteseeeeecEeeeueREesEEE ‘ds, " mais game heads} tan furs, make ma and robes. lete lessons. Easily and quickly learned by men, po ~—- ‘women, 7 ite Free Taxidermy ge ok. ‘Tells all i it. | and Nature lover should know this wonder. ful fascinating art. Save your trophies. B .- 75,000 - Write for Free k. Success setae” Envestigntne aridermy C-178 Elwood Bidg., Omaha. Neb, “STAMMERING| Ifs Guse and Gire % You can be quickly cured if you stammer. Send 10 cents, coin or stamps, for 288 page cloth bound book on Stammering and Stuttering. It tells how I cured myself after Stammering and Stuttering for 20 years. BENJAMIN N. G 4 7532 Bogue Bidg.. 1147 N.111.St. Indianapolis a MENTS 500% PROFIT GENUINE GOLD LEAF LETTERS. Guaranteed to never tarnish. Anyone can put them on stores and office windows. Enormous demand, large profits, Paul Clark says: smallest day $28.70. R.L. Reel made $920 in two months. Write today for free sample and liberal offer to general agents. eu $12- Write quick for new propostion and Chrysler 4 Coach offer. Many make $12.00 a day and up demonstrating an taking orders for Comer Suits. _—— Smart Styles. Wonderful values. , Work spare time. No — required. Sample out free. Write now. ” COMER MFG. CO., Dept. 0-414 Dayton, Ohio. Many Agents $ $ 00 Per f Make 200.to 500. monn Instant Weld Welds Rubber Instantly i" A New Scientific Principle without heat or ff cement. Instantly repairs punctures or blowouts. Bet ter—Quicker—Easier than vuleanizing. ONCE ON—ALWAYS ON. Every auto owner is a prospect. Repeat orders sure. Big profits. Appoint sub- agents. Write For Free Sample Today. Tourists Pride Manufacturing Co. Desk 55-H Minneapolis, Minn. ae MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION Answers and Ratings for the Tests on Page 28 The Memory Test If you can repeat a row of six digits backward your memory for figures is equal to that of the average adult. Eight digits or more shows exceptional ability. The Test of Logic The correct answers are: 1. faster, slower, slower, faster. 2. stronger, weaker, stronger, stronger. 3. younger, older, younger, older. 4. sweeter, sweeter, less sweet, less sweet, sweeter. If three of your four sets of answers are correct you have made an excellent score. General Information Test A score of more than twenty-five answers correct is above the average. The answers are: 1. burn; 2. eyes; 3. color; 4. trees; 5. privileges; 6. color; 7. gloom; 8. Philadel- phia; 9. green; 10. wick; 11. Pershing; 12. elephants; 13. hay; 14. checkers; 15. worm; 16. Edison; 17. lungs; 18. mines; 19. midnight; 20. iron; 21. drink; 22. baseball player; 23. religion; 24. farming; 25. automobile; 26. Scott; 27. cattle; 28. harness; 29. Paris; 30. cloth; 31. radium; 32. trees; 33. neck; 34. shaft; 35. hexagon. Next Month—The Best Tests You Ever Tried N NEXT month’s issue of Poputar ScreNcE Monrtu ty will appear the first of a most unusual new series of brain tests, pre- pared by Sam Loyd, the world-famous puzzle expert. These tests will be entirely different from any you ever have tried, for in them Mr. has ingeniously combined the scientific yardsticks by which psychology measures human abilities with entertaining puzzles which everyone can enjoy. He has a new treat in store for you that you won’t want to miss. How Crooked Radio Men Steal Your Money (Continued from page 58) all the boss’s man had to do was to look real solemn and tell ’em the “works” needed repairing and then load the whole outfit on the truck and bring it down to the shop. Here it stayed around collect- ing dust until the boss decided that it had been out long enough to look like a lot of work had been done on it, and after that it went back with a nice, fancy bill. I quit the next day and I am glad to say that now I’m working for a radio concern that plays square. A customer who knows nothing about radio gets the same fair treatment that the experienced radio fan does. How did I figure it out? Just by making sure that the concern was agent for a good line of radio sets before I asked for a job. You can bet your boots that the really high class radio manu- facturers are not going to make agency arrangements with a man who hasn’t a reputation for fair dealing, and if you ever have a radio set that needs service you had better judge as to who is to do Astonish Your Friends — Gain that magnetic popularity that makes you the center of any crowd. Business and social success is assured the man who can perform mystifying tricks. You can earn big money either on the side or as a professional, as well as being the most popular per- son in your crowd. Why envy others’ skill? You can learn Magic yourself, quick and easy. Earn Up to $1000 a Month Evensleight-of-hand, generally sup; quire long practice, is NOW made simple to learn. For Dr. Harlan Tarbell, one of the really Great Magicians, has finally opened up the secrets of his profession in a completely illustrated course offered at a merely nominal cost. age the wonderful Tarbell System ou will be able to mystify and entertain your riends with — tricks taught in your v. first lesson. ter that Dr. Harlan Tarbe takes you through the entire maze of sleight- of-hand, card tricks and elaborate stage diver- tisements. The apparently superhuman doings of the accomplished magician becomes as simple as when you just know how. Mail Coupon f Special Offer g There is a tremendous demand_ for magic entertainment. Clubs Lodges, Charity and Social affairs—all will pay high fees to the man who knows Magic. . Harlan Tarbell really gets as high as $250 for a half hour’s work right now. a everywhere to make money aside from your regular occupa- tion. Salesmen find it a tremendous asset. Find out all about this unprecedented oppor- tunity to learn Magic. The coupon brings full details without any obligation. Mail it TODAY. Tarbell System, Inc. 1926 Sunnyside Ave.,StudioC-156 Chicago to re- | the work for you by the same rule. —— eee ee ee ee eee ee ee ek Ek eee Tarbell System, Inc. 1926 Sunnyside Ave., Studio C-136 Chicago Tell meall about Dr. Tarbell’s new and simple system _by. which I can learn the secrets of MAGIC. No obligation on my part. Name......-- ren Age

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eS SS i reat ‘120 softens the beard at the base —and thats where the.razor does its work POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY This penetrating lather ORDINARY LATHER Photomicrograph of lather of an, ordina shaving cream surroun ing single hair. ‘Large dark spots are air—white areas are water. Note how the large bubbles hold air instead of water against the beard. pacadipat softened at the base, any beard cuts easily. The problem has been to get an abundant supply of moisture deep down to the bottom of every hair—to soften the beard right where the razor does its work. For water, not shaving cream, is the real softener of your beard. To meet this need for a scientific beard softener, Colgate’s Rapid-Shave Cream was developed. It is really shaving cream in concentrated form—super water-absorbent—different in action and result from anything you have ever known before. In this lather, the bubbles are smaller, as the microscope shows; they hold more water and much less air; they give more ints of moisture contact with the d. So that this moisture may soak right into the beard, Colgate’s first emulsifies and removes the oil film that covers every hair. Then quickly thousands of clinging, moisture-laden bubbles penetrate deep down to the base of the beard—bring and hold an abundant supply of water in — contact with the bottom of every air Thus the entire beard becomes wring- ing wet—moist and pliable—softened COLGATE LATHER Photomicrograph pre- pared under identical conditions shows closely knit texture of Colgate Rapid-Shave Cream lather. Note how the small bubbles hold water instead of air close against the beard. fine, the beard at the base down to the base, where the razor does its work. In this way the beard becomes prop- erly softened right where the cutting takes place. “Razor-pull” is entirely banished. In addition, Colgate lather lubricates the path of the razor—makes it glide across your face without catching or drag- ging. And it leaves your skin clean, cool and comfortable throughout the day. Here is a shaving experience such as you have never enjoyed before. Clip and mail the coupon printed below—just to learn what Colgate’s offers. c/o Established 1806 NEW YORK In Canada, Colgate & Co., Ltd., 72 St. Ambroise St., Montreal ©) 1926, C. & Co. COLGATE & CO. Dept. 143-H, 581 Fifth Ave., New York Please send me the trial tube of Colgate’s Rapid-Shave Cream for better shaving. I enclose 4c. Name Address CONTENT Sa of This Issue More Than Two Hundred Articles and Pictures, I ncluding: 0 EE A Doctor Discusses Sex Appeal By Frederic Damrau, M.D. Strange Warship Defies Attack $1,000 in Cash Prizes me pare ey Bm:............. 2.05.30 By Fitzhugh Green, U. 8. itied Noises You Never Hear. . ~ By E. E. Free The} Boy Whose Big Feet Paddled Him to Ee By Crag Dale Do You Choose Your Friends by Their Ee By William J. White, Jr. A Godfather of Inventors. . ae By Archibald Douglas T urnbull- Queer Pranks Memory Plays on Some =e By Ed vin Ketchum Will Mosquito Cars Rule the Speedway?. By Edgar C. Wheeler Try Teese Teets................5.00m Don’t Pity the Fat Man in Hot Weather By Norman C. McLoud He Caught the World by the Ear....... By Nell Ray Clarke Plants That Almost Think............. By Arthur Grahame Sharpshooting at the Atom............. By G. B. Seybold How Airplanes Fly and Turn........... The Right Material to Build With...... By John R. McMahon “We Can Trick the Wind into Saving rrr By Robert E. Martin ee Keeping Up with the Progress of Science. 4 vo Need to Fear End of World......... 4 Our Huge Mosquito-Bite Bill .......... Solving the Mystery of Sleep........ ~ ae Find Speed of the Blood............... Talking Movies Astound Auditors....... 3 It Half Flies on Land, Half Swims in © er Re er ee ‘ A 90-Mile-an-Hour Boat............... 4 Motor without’ Crankshaft or Gears... .. Took Three Years to Build This Ship Chicago to Speed Up Traffic Cases ...... German Railroad Cars Fumigated. . Compressed Air Locomotives for Mines. . Pump House Rises and Sinks with River. How Much Do You Know about Science? Slot-Machine Lunching Easy........... Crossing-Gate Plan May Save Lives. ... Auto Built to Run on Railroad Tracks.. Stenographic Machine Writes Shorthand. Know Your SP. 5 sc cp ceseaee ee eee Curious Things the World Over......... 4 Golf Right in Your Home.............. New Bush Trimmer Clears Paths....... 3 Boy’s Rubber-Band Airplane. .......... A Glass You Can Cut and Roll......... World’s Biggest Locomotive........... Automatic Railway Gate Device Uses ” Buried Magnets..................m 26,000 Lights Stud Giant Bell. W. arns Trains in Fogs...........: :.. ae “A Shinin3 Palace in the Sky” Newest Devices to Lighten Housework. . Hints for Radio Beginners If Your Set Howls Mysteriously—. aa By Alfred P. Lane How Crooked Radio Men Steal Your ™ NN PT errr re As Told to John E. Lodge Ten Tips for Your Car........ Keep Your Car in the Pink of Condition. . By Martin Bunn Handy Kinks for Your Auto............ F Home Workshop................. Better Shop Methods............ © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. B. R. DONNELLEY & SONG CO., PRINTERS, CHICAGO.