Popular Science Monthly 1926-06: Vol 108 Iss 6

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ce Founpep MONTHLY 1872 4 ee ze — SR le CASH PRIZES EVERY MONTH KY 73 Page 12 E}

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“Not at all-the aroma is delightful ” Chesterfield CIGARETTES LLiccett & Myers Tosacco Co

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June, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY erceerr rrr, (Ts ape). geet tet meg, ge’ a, ee oe a> “yy wane *, m helt rt tt Lak iat ove of} iq aR oe Bait) ) . J | paid J 1 veneos Oy GO on’ \3 ddLry>,, maunenunene lL ' Fe sy 2 eeURC ORRIN t , a rth sabuapannnnnehhe "F445, o- "Sh iswasnmannntaree® Tycos Instruments Save Time and Money in Making GOODS YEAR TEMPERATURE control is of the utmost importance in curing heaters, where rubber is cured by steam. A variation of 114 degrees from the cor- rect temperature is practically certain to injure the rubber. Prior to 1917 Goodyear was using hand regulated steam controls on the curing heaters, but decided to install Taylor instruments because the temperatures could not be controlled accurately by hand. There are in use about 250 of the Taylor ** Dubl-Duty’’ temperature and time regulators, 225 of them being in constant use. With them the temperature of the curing heaters never varies more than 1 degree and consequently injury is rare. This alone justifies the cost of installation, for it has resulted in hundreds of dollars in savings. But even more savings were effected, for the use of these instruments has saved the labor of ten men. Formerly one man could only watch four heaters at the most. Now he can watch ten if necessary. All men have to do is fill the heaters and turn on the steam. The Taylor instruments automatically regulate the temperature and the timing device shuts off the steam at the right time. Besides the “*Dubl-Duty’’ instruments on which Goodyear has standardized, they are using several hundreds Taylor industrial thermometers and a number of temperature and pressure recorders. They have always found Taylor instruments to be thoroughly dependable. TO MANUFACTURERS In the Tycos line of 8000 different kinds of Heat Indicating, Recording and Controlling Instruments there are instruments that will help you take the guess out of your manufactur- ing problems. It will pay you to learn how other manufacturers are using the Sixth Sense of Industry to get uniform results. Informative literature on any type of instrument will be sent you on request. Or our engineers will consult with you on the application of Tycos to your particular manufacturing process. taylor Instrument Companies Main Office and Factory ROCHESTER,N.Y. - - U.S.A. Canadian Plant: %Zecs BUILDING, TORONTO SHORT & MASON, Ltd., Manufacturing Distributors in Great Britain (aeonaamnscesnmnes socosee wae Fos Office Thermom- eters An aid in promoting human efficiency. Zycos Bath Thermom- eters To enable you to get the most good from your bath. Zcos Wall Thermom- eters To help you to maintain a temperature in your house conducive to good health. Zyeos Quality Compasses To show you the right way in unfamiliar country. Zycos Hygrometer To enable you to keep the humidity of the atmosphere in your home correct at all times. Zycos Home Set Bake Oven Thermometer, Candy Thermometer, Sugar Meter. The secret of accu rate results in cooking. Tycos Fever Thermom- eters A necessity in every home. Fos Stormoguide Forecasts the weather twenty-four hours ahead with dependable accuracy. Your dealer will show them to you. Ask us, on a postal, for booklets on any of the above Tycos ~ ‘Tor the Medical Profession L Jyeos Sphygmomanometer, Pocket & Office types Zcos Fever Thermometers, Urinalysis Glassware Bulletin on Request -TrHE SIXTH SENSE OF INDUSTRY cos Temperature Instruments “INDICATING «+ RECORDING + CONTROLLING —— oe IS) This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. Broadview College

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY J une, 19% THE CHEmMIST’s MAGIC AN EDITORIAL ‘the story of chemistry.’’ No easy assignment, that! The story of chemistry is like an endless chain—it starts anywhere and keeps on going forever. But I assume Mr. Smith has in mea something that will make folks gasp with astonishment when they read. Let’s try the day's reports. An American discovers one of the five unidentified chemical elements, the fundamental building stones of matter, sought by scientists for centuries. A German makes silk from the wings of grasshoppers and the shells of crabs. An Austrian produces electric current from chemicals without the use of dynamos, machinery, or batteries. An Englishman makes sugar out of plain water and carbon dioxide. If these announcements don’t make you gasp, it is be- cause your mind has become so accustomed to chemical mM STEDMAN SMITH, of Audubon, N. J., asks for miracles that you take them for granted. Chemical in- genuity, almost every day, produces something new for us tO wear, eat, see or work with. A few exclamations greet each new product, and then most of us hurry along to the next marvel of science. But chemists can make, or will make, in their magic crucibles, every- thing that nature can make except, perhaps, life itself. HAMMER lies on my desk. It is a good hammer— the kind of hammer a competent workman uses. It is made of steel—a chemical product. Chemists have tipped the gold point on my fountain pen with a platinum 3 peel alloy to keep it from wearing out. And chemists have dyed the suit | wear with dyes they extracted from coal. The perfume the young woman who types this uses is made from coal, too. And she is wearing ‘‘silk’’ stock- ings made from wood cellulose, huge trees ground to chips, cooked and treated chemically. The radio editor cuts his finger. He paints the cut with a chemically produced liquid called collodion. Exposed to the air, it solidifies and forms a thin, tough covering for the wound. Photographic film has the same chemical base, and so, too, have the marvelous, new, quick-drying lacquers that do the work of paint and varnish. They harden almost instantaneously, and combine the protective properties of cotton packing and unbreakable glass. C I look through a pane of glass, made by chemistry from sand, lime, and soda, at an iron fence being painted red. Chemists discovered that iron rust itself will best protect iron against rust. So they mix iron rust with linseed oil to paint and protect fences, ships, bridges, and other iron ke ce The automobiles running up and down the street are sold at modest prices because : chemical prod- uct called “‘high-speed steel.’’ Chemists add to ordinary steel tungsten and other uncommon metals, and with the resultant alloy tip metal working tools. These tools wear much longer than ordinary tools, and manufacturers of hammers and saws, automobiles and furnaces, radio sets and tractors, pass on the saving to us. hb prea in a single pebble is enough energy to drive the Twentieth Century Limited from New York to Chicago. Chemists are trying to release it. When they do, they may cut man’s necessary daily labor from hours to minutes. For, with all that has been accomplished, we are just beginning in chemistry. We really know less of its enormous possibilities for the future than the kitten asleep on the oil driller’s rig knows of the oil business. And when we are tempted to feel impressed with our own importance, we have only to remember that chemists recently discovered that the average man is made up of enough fat for seven bars of soap, enough lime to white- wash a chicken coop, enough sugar to fill a shaker, enough iron to make a small nail, enough sulphur to rid a dog of fleas, enough magnesium for a small dose, enough potas- sium to fire a toy cannon, enough phosphorus for a box of matches, and a couple of buckets of water. You probably couldn’t get a dollar for the lot in the open market. * IS a wonderful story, Mr. Smith, this story of modern chemistry. From coal tar, once a waste product, alone, we get poisons, drugs, flavors, dyes, and hundreds of other things we use every day. From its dozen primary products, chemists can build up thousands upon thousands of new and useful substances. To try to tell the story 0 chemistry on a single page is like trying to take an ele- phant out riding in a Ford. But you will find the story told, chapter by chapter, in the pages of this magazine, month after month.—S. N. B. June, 1926, Vol. 108, No. 5. Inc. Entered as second-class matter Dec. 28, 191 Chicago, Illinois. ment, Canada. Printed in U.S. A. Publishing Co., Inc. Single copy, 25 cents. Popular Science Monthly is published monthly at 250 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y., by the Popular Science Publishing Co., 8, at the Post Office at New York under the act of March 3, 1879: additional entry as second-class matter at Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office Depart- Copyright 1926, by the Popular Science Yearly subscription to United y NM — States, its possessions, and Canada, $2.50; foreign countries, $3. The contents ot this magazine must not be reprinted without permission. In presenting in its editorial columns numerous stories of new products of applied science, Popular Science Monthly does not underwrite the business methods of the individuals or concerns producing them. The use of Popular Science Monthly articles for stock-selling schemes is never authorized. O. B. Capen, President and Treasurer; R. C. Wilson, Vice-President; A. L. Cole, Secretary. June,

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19% ym yi ve cy rs ve ts ur tS of e- rh of S- of ly June, 1926 The Balkite Railway Signal Rectifier — Standard on over 60 Railroads In railway signal operation, where ab- solute infallibility is required, the Bal- kite Railway Signal Rectifier is stand- ard on the signal systems of over 60 leading North American Railroads. The method of charging used in rail- way signalling is practically the same as that used by the Balkite Trickle Charger with radio ‘‘A”’ batteries. At each signal is located a battery and a Balkite Rectifier which is connected to an AC current line. The rectifier is placed on permanent or trickle charge. It converts the AC current into direct current which is stored in the battery and operates the signal. The battery is always kept at full charge without attention. This same method is also in use in many other industries. It is used for time recording, burglar alarm, fire alarm,emergency lighting, power plant control, substation control, in- strument operation and telegraph and telephone battery systems. In fact, there are no limitations for the use of this method. Wherever there is a batteryand AC current, the Balkite Rectifier on trickle charge is ideal. It is noiseless, unfailing in oper- ation, and has nothing to adjust, Wear out or get out of order. Engi- neers, write for information. LS ~ Balkite Ban POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY d the Balkite give your radio set unfailing power Battery Charger from the light socket With full, noiseless, even power, always exactly as re- quired, your set will give you a quality of reception to be secured in no other way. Balkite “B” and the Balkite Battery Charger give you this power, with maximum conven- ience, from the light socket. Balkite “B”— the noiseless “B” power supply— replaces “B” batteries entirely and supplies “B” current from the lighting circuit. Unlike any other “B” device, it requires no replacements and will not deteriorate with use. It will outlive 20 sets of “B” dry cells. With over 75,000 in use, on all types of sets, to our knowl- caM Sree Bal edge not one has ever worn out. It is tested and listed as standard by the Underwriters’ Laboratories, and guaranteed to give satisfaction. TheBalkite BatteryCharger is the popular charger for “A” batteries. Its high charging rate makes it ideal for heavy- duty sets. Entirely noiseless, it can be used while the set is in operation. If your bat- tery should be low you merely turn on the charger and oper ate the set. Add these permanent Bal- kite Radio Power Units to your set and secure unfailing radio power from the light socket. Ask your dealer. kite ° ‘Radio Power Units Manufactured by FANSTEEL PRODUCTS COMPANY, Inc., North Chicago, Til. r{S} This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. Sole Licensees in the United Kingdom: Messrs. —Gi5—— Ltd., 9-13 Hythe Rd., Willesden, London, N. W. 10

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 1926 Pc ony Mies Opp Kore JB 3 of » Schemes > Moth OrmMKies Signposts TO A SUCCESSFUL CAREER traveler. Success,” So, too, there are VERY road has its signposts to guide the “Szgnposts to pointing the routes others have followed to bigger pay and a brighter future. In this issue of PopuLaR ScIENCE MoNnTHLY there ave over a hundred of these signposts —MoneEy- MakiNG OpporTuNITIEs that you can’t afford to overlook. You'll find them on pages 110 to 135. OU are ambitious. You want to be somebody, to win the worth- while things of life—you want your success now—not in ten or fifteen years. Then follow the “signposts to success” in the ““Money-Making Op- portunities” section of Popuar Sci- ENCE Montuity—the advertisements of training courses, schools, and technical books that tell the quick, direct routes to better jobs at bigger pay. Every ad in this section points one way to suc- ceed. Every ad is going to spell oppor- tunity for some ambitious men. Will you be one of them? MBITION alone is not enough. You need training, too! Training will show you how to make the most of your ability and opportunities. Training will enable you to avoid mistakes—to profit by: the experience of others—to be ready tor promotion, increased responsibility and increased salary when the time comes. Training is the short-cut to success. Through study you learn the approved methods of handling your work, the latest developments, the best systems of co-ordinating } yourefforts and direct- ing the work of others. A few months of training will often give a man knowledge that he other- wise could gain only through years of picked-up, hit-or-miss experience. OOK carefully through the‘‘Money- Making Opportunities’’ in this issue. See what others like yourself have done to win quick success. On page 110 you will read how a “‘drifter,”’ getting nowheres, has in two short years become the owner of a garage doing a fine business. Another story tells the romance of success achieved by a sheep herder who became a build- ing contractor and has accumulated a fortune of a quarter-million dollars. Still another story tells how a minister took a course in salesmanship to in- The Road to Big Pay Is Open to You! See pages 110-135 crease his ability to “sway people with conviction. What these people have done you can do! Read the Money Making Opportunities on pages 110 to 135 and decide which of the dozens of oppor- tunities you will grasp for yourself, —which appeals to you most from the standpoint of your personal prefer- ence, your present position, and the Openings in your locality. If you enjoy working with tools, you'll want to write for full details about the books and courses on car- pentry and building. If you like to sketch, the advertisements on car- tooning, illustrating, and drafting will catch your eye. If your tastes lie along electrical or mechanical lines, or in the field of business, you'll find opportunities for specialized training in these vocations. No matter what work you prefer, you'll find ‘Money- Making Opportunities” that will help you achieve success. (goons ScieNcCE Montuty has made it easy for you to decide, by grouping all these announcements of training in One convenient section. Don’t pass it by. Turn now to pages 110 to 135 and pick the “‘signpost to success” that you wish to follow! ‘100 IN PRIZES for the Best Answers to the Question: ‘What Advertisement in the ‘Money - Making Op- portunities’ Section inter- ests you most and why?’ See page 110 for details. June, 1926

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MADE. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY When you tune in today on a storage battery set, your Radiotron UX-201-A uses only one fourth of the current a storage battery tube needed just five short years ago. This means that you need charge your “A’’ batteries only about one fourth as often! The present Radiotron UX-201-A is also a better detector—is a better am- plifier—has a greater output—all on less current. RCA research has produced better tubes —better methods of making tubes, to lower their cost—and better test meth- ods, too. These improvements have come from the laboratories of RCA and its associates, General Electric and Westinghouse—laboratories devoted to yeat-in and year-out study of vacuum tubes. The standard of quality back in 1921 was an RCA Radiotron. And the standard of quality today is an RCA Radiotron! . RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICA New York Chicago San Francisco MAKERS F RADIAOLAS as much current as in. 1Q21: Radiotron UX-201-A is the standard tube for storage battery sets. Radiotron UV- 201-Ai is exactly like it, but has the old type base. ‘RCA~Rad iotron © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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Do YOU Want the BEST L007 “What is the best——”’ is the Question the Insti- tute 1s Most Often Asked mm HE BEST” is what most Popucar ScieNcE readers are looking for, if we judge from the letters re- ceived here at the Institute. We are asked over and over again to recom- mend the best radio receiving set, the best loudspeaker, the best battery elim- inator, and so on. A number of these readers have al- ready put the same question to a friend and they report the friend’s opinion to us for confirmation or de- nial. It seems to be invariably the case that the friend is able to recommend a single product as the best on the basis of his exhaustive (2) experience with several products or hearsay data gleaned from neighbors. The Popular Science Institute of Standards, after subjecting practically all the leading radio products on the market to labo- ratory and practical tests, is unable to do as much. Our conclusion, as a re- sult of these tests, is that there is no one set, speaker, or other product that is definitely the best, and that can be so recommended to everybody. LETTER was received recently from a reader who was inclined to doubt the truth of this statement. He held the theory that the Popular Science Institute of Standards had very definite reasons for holding back such information as to the dest products and that, if we were to be absolutely frank, we could very well limit ourselves to a single recommendation. Whether this reader was entirely convinced by the explanation we gave him, we do not know, but the follow- ing is a sidelight that will be suffi- cient proof to most people of the sin- cerity of our statement. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 19% He would not have such a hard time deciding if he knew the Popular Science Institute's opinion of the set As can be expected, persons inti- mately connected with the PopuLar SCIENCE Organization who are in a position to realize the value of the In- stitute’s advice, came to us for confi- dential recommendations. Do we rec- ommend to them one set as the best? We do not. Different sets are recom- mended to different people and, except in rare cases where the prospective buyer has unusual requirements, not one, but several sets, are recommended. This is the advice that is given to those on the ‘‘inside’’; it differs not © Popular Science Monthly GUARANTEE The above seal on an advertisement indicates that the products referred to have been approved after test by the Popular Science Institute of Standards. Popuvar Science MONTHLY guaran- tees every article of merchandise ad- vertised in its columns. Readers who buy products advertised in Poputar Science MontTHLY may expect them to give absolute satisfaction under normal and proper use. Our readers in buying these products are guaran- teed this satisfaction by Poputar Science MonTuty. Tue PustisHers the least from the advice that is given to readers. The Institute’s records show that some six thousand people have followed its recommendations. They preferred to accept the opinion of an impartial authority like the Popv- lar Science Institute, whose source of information is extensive laboratory and practical tests conducted at New York University, to the possibly biased advice of neighbors or friends. HE Institute recommends only those products that it has found to be thoroughly efficient and_ that come up to the requirements for their respective price classes. A complete list of the products that the Institute recommends is available to the readers of Poputar Science Montury. No matter what product you select from this list, you can be certain that it isa good one, as the Institute’s minimum requirements are very high. If you are in a position to purchase the best, se- lect the highest priced products on the list. As all approved products have been found to represent good value, their prices give you the key to theif comparative rating. The list of radio and tool equipment that has been tested and approved can be had by writing the Populat Science Institute of Standards, 25° Fourth Ave., New York City. June, 1

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June, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ‘Build that Set so as to Deserve Rauland~Lyrics Gone is the day of the jerry- built radio. Whether you build for use or for profit—one set or a hundred thousand —skimping ; on quality does not pay. en For the radio frequency stages, : choose any good circuit and any Cc - ° EY . type of coils you like—opinions of differ. But, having chosen your circuit, be fair to it—let it show of SN » ry SAS A yri what it really can do—give it . Ie ALYTIG y g * A le the benefit of Rauland-Lyrics. Is, pL AMERIC, a TRADE MARK As a man is known by the company he ly TRANSFORMER keeps, so is a set known by the audio ampli- nd FOR THE MUSIC LOVER fier which its maker deems it worthy of. Yet at : ; nas some builders, who would lerate th . The Choice of Noted Music Critics : + Singialeiageaaannnaiaae cit uncertainty of an open spring contact even te Rauland-Lyric is a laboratory-grade in a battery circuit, will allow a dozen of ite audio transformer designed espe- h . h is east 7 #8 cially for music lovers. The price is them in a three-stage audio ampli ets 1 WO om nine dollars. Descriptive circular stages, Rauland-Lyric-equipped, presenting no with amplification curve will be such potential trouble spots, assure ample ym mailed on request. All-American ali sf Radio Corp., 4215 Belmont Ave., volume for any speaker, with tone quality Chicago, U.S.A rs faithful beyond cavil. ae ve Qircd OWNING AND OPERATING STATION WENR — 266 METERS 1€, eit nt ed lar >| Radio Built for the Years to Come © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 192% Bs The Practical Value of Superior Construction UT of the thousands of Grebe Synchrophase receivers sold during the past fall and winter, exactly seventy-three were returned to us for replacement or adjustment. Isn’t that about as near to 100 per cent perfection as human frailty can come? ; The Synchrophase is built to give full satisfaction to its owner; its record shows that it does. Ask your dealer to demonstrate the many ex- clusive Grebe features that, added to its sound construction, bring complete radio satisfaction. A. H. Grebe & Co., Inc., 109 West 57th St., New York a ° i d Factory: Richmond Hill, New York Tok Compens stunt on Western Branch: 443 So. San Pedro St., Los Angeles, Cal. and WBOQ; also low- wave rebroadcasting sta- tions, MobileWGMUand A’ 4 Marine WRMU. ‘*Where there is much u R E- B merit there is great reward.” The merit of the ARK Synchrophase has bmp long been proven. All Grebe apparatus oan is covered by patents Pron LN granted and pending a4 Grebe Binocular Coils iS Reg. U. S. Pat. Off. and as IS} This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. lo

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY SUMNER N. BLOSSOM, Editor June, 1926 A bird’s-eye map of the top of the world where men of many nations are joining the rush for discovery of new lands, new wealth, and new scientific knowledge. Routes planned by nine SA TO TOKYO wee RPOMSY nussian ~\ ___. 4 EXPEQITION | ree * sae Ps i o\ \ BL il TH K SK ad POLE Wein, Re PRS LOT SHORT "9 EEN LONDON o wre Pp 3 ET Wap B Whip f es = ? Capt Roald Amundsen, —pmea— a leCommander Byrd unm |} j : i ltGeorges Darcis MaMa | Dr. Hobbs Expedition eeeeeee | MacMillan Expedition 0 os | Russian Expedition. 0000000 | ltleighWade €+eeeo4 4 Capt.Wilkins ssueesseesen \ Jiarason Willams Expedition wm y in 3 oe a G expeditions are indicated, as is the scene of the latest gold rush in northern Ontario. A chief aim is the discovery of land in the vast unexplored area between Alaska and the North Pole ‘Tue Worvp’s GREATEST ENIGMA Marvelous Machines and Fearless Men in Stampede to Unlock Age-Old Mysteries from Grip of Polar Ice T THIS moment, while the first warmth of summer sun melts the chill from our half of the earth, there is in progress in the ice- locked fastnesses of the Arctic the most stupendous rush for wealth, adventure, and new discovery of modern times. Into vast, frozen deserts more desolate than the burning wastes of Death Valley, yet more challenging than the old-time golden lure of the Yukon, fur-clad, reck- ess men are pushing their way, beckoned by the mysteries of the unknown. For the Far North, one of the few remaining realms of mystery and romance, is having its first great boom. From many corners of the earth eager youths and tried old veterans of the drifted trail alike are advancing northward, spurred by almost every conceivable purpose that impels ambitious adventurers. Some are prospectors, seeking gold. Some are explorers who hope to plant By Epcar C. WHEELER their nation’s flag on fertile new lands. Others have visions of vast untouched natural resources in oil, coal, agriculture, and precious metals waiting to be devel- oped for commercial use. Others are trail blazers, seeking new and_ shorter routes for world travel and commerce. Still others are scientific searchers for new knowledge of our earth and the life upon it. From America, France, England, Rus- sia, Norway, Italy, they rush toward the Pole—some dozen expeditions in the stampede. A few are “mushing” with time tried sleds and dog teams; others are setting sail in ships. And vying with these are men who place their faith and their lives in the most marvelous conveyances and devices for swift travel conceived by a modern mechanical age. In air- Broadview College Librar planes, airships and motor sleds, they attack the grim barrier of snow and ice, guided by ingenious compasses and the eyes of radio. What will they find? What will be their fate? The thrilling thing about it all is that no one knows, or can begin to guess, the answer. It is this fascinating uncertainty that gives the greatest stampede in his- tory its glamor and its romance. The blank expanse of the Polar pack is the riddle of centuries. It is still the world’s great enigma. Will they gain the final conquest of the last great frontier? Will they, perhaps, discover a wonderful new Polar continent which ancient legend and scientific specu- lation say may lie like a gem in the circle of nations bordering the Polar sea? Perhaps they may reveal long hidden treasures of nature that will enrich the earth. They may uncover pay streaks of 9

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10 Polar Birdmen and Their Machines Captain George H. Wilkins (in circle) and Lieu- tenant-Commander Richard E. Byrd (right) both are counting on great triple-engine mono- planes to carry them over the 2,000-mile desert of treacherous ice in search of new land. Wil- kins’ machine is shown above taking off for a trial flight. Byrd, an expert mechanic and in- ventor, is seen at work making some pre-flight edjustments on one of the engines of his plane gold that will outshine the richest strikes of the Klondike days. Possibly they may bring to light a race of men never before seen or known. Or they may answer puz- zles that have baffled the greatest scien- tists—the mysteries of the Aurora, for example, or the secret birthplace of hur- ricanes that sweep down upon the lanes of commerce in the Atlantic. They may open up opportunities now undreamed-of for our children. They may revolutionize world trade. They may plunge nations into another war of con- quest. Possibly, even, they may change the whole course of modern civilization. Who can say? Yet in these riddles lie the reasons that are luring at once the hardy explorer, the adventure-loving youth, the prospector for gold, and the man of science. Many of them are play- ing for big stakes—so big, in fact, that great nations and men of great wealth are willing to finance their undertakings. HE possible existence of a new Arctic continent is sufficient alone to spur nations in the race for possession, and to encourage stolid business men in the hope of new sources of wealth. Such a land would give its possessor @ commanding position at the top of the world, within twenty-four hours’ flying distance of any one of the great centers of population. It would provide the needed stepping-stone for an aerial trade short-cut across the Polar sea. In time of war it would offer a tremendous vantage point for attack. And that such a land actually may exist is more than idle speculation. Studies of land formations and of sea cur- rents, observation of the migration of birds northward, Indian legends, and reports of whalers whose ships have been driven northward in storms; all of these point to the likelihood, if not the prob- ability, of unfound Arctic land. Any day this summer, radio may flash POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY the news of epoch-making discovery. On the other hand, it may bring us a tale of untold hardship, suffering and disaster unequaled in the annals of exploration. For of the men who are joining the stampede, some are playing against tremendous odds. Flying in the face of the greatest peril are the half-dozen expeditions which are attempting to dash some 2000 miles across the Pole in search of the new land. Their goal, if it exists, lies somewhere in the midst of a million square miles of mystery—a vast uncharted “blind spot” lying between the North Pole and the northern shores of Alaska and Siberia. It is a wilderness of restless, jagged ice which continually opens cruel jaws, June, 1926 treacherously and with little warning, to crush any who dare venture upon it. These men trust to the miracles of modern machinery and ip. vention to hurdle the bar. rier. At least four of the expeditions plan to take the hazardous chance of leaping across the frozen sea jn airplanes. Three of them are headed by Americans— Captain George H. Wilkins, experienced Antarctic explorer; Lieut,- Commander Richard E. Byrd, U.S. N,, who led the fliers in the MacMillan Are. tic expedition last vear; and Lieutenant Leigh Wade, famous round-the-world flier. A fourth airplane expedition is re. ported to have been organized by the Russian Soviet government. Another air expedition is using instead of planes, a semi-rigid dirigible, specially designed for Polar flight. It is com. manded by the hardy Viking explorer, Roald Amundsen. INALLY, a sixth expedition will at- tempt to “mush” to the Pole and across the mysterious “blind spot,”” using a dozen remarkable mechanical “hus- kies *"—strange motorized sleds with suc- tion “paws” that grip the ice. This odd cavalcade will be led by Lieutenant Georges Darcis, a French sportsman. In the race to claim new lands, two main bases of departure and destination, on opposite sides of the Pole, have been chosen—on one side Point Barrow, the northernmost tip of Alaska; on the other, the island group of Spitzbergen, north of Scandinavia. Wilkins and Wade have chosen Point Barrow as their hopping-off place. Amundsen, Byrd and Darcis journey from the opposite direction. That the birdmen are taking a gam- bler’s chance—that even the most smoothly running machines may not be proof against the treachery of the Arctic —already has been proved dramatically. Almost miraculously, Amundsen and his partner, Lincoln Ellsworth, escaped dis- aster a year ago when they were forced down in the ice pack in an attempt to fly to the Pole. This vear Amundsen gives the airplane one chance of success in 1500. MacMillan, too, found that planes were not to be trusted entirely above the Polar sea. And the first of this year's The New “‘Huskies” Old-time prospectors “mushing” with their dogs into the Red Lake gold fields, look aloft to see pros- pectors of 1926 whiz by in the aif June, an At th Amw semi- the J he e acros: Spitz ka in twoa adve the ¢ and 1 Ea on a ship] singl engil Pola: hop f A 5 {

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June, 1926 The Viking and His Ship At the right: Roald Amundsen and the semi-rigid dirigible, the Norge, in which he expects to sail across the Pole from Spitzbergen to Alas- ka in approximately two and one halfdays POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Braving the Arc- tic for Gold A prospector’s camp in the Red Lake district. Here hundreds of adven- turers have joined a stampede for gold that promises to sur- pass anything since the wild Yukon days adventurers, Captain Wilkins, learned at the outset that even the best of engines and machines can fail. Early this spring, Wilkins got the jump on all other birdmen in the race. He shipped two powerful monoplanes—a single-engine supply plane and a triple- engine machine designed for the actual Polar dash—to Alaska, and planned his hop for the Pole late in March. Motorized Leaning against the wind as he chops the ice. markable photograph showing the force of Greenland gales, which are known to reach ninety miles an hour sleds, in place of dog teams, were to haul supplies from Nenana, the northern rail- head in Alaska, to the base of departure at Point Barrow, hundreds of miles away. The planes were to transport fuel and supplies from Fairbanks. Almost immediately, the fickle fates of the northland turned against Wilkins and his comrades. Two snow motors hauling supply sleds started triumphantly from IN_ISLAND / 4; = Holst a ¥ Mig, ACFE A re- B ee ee —pAIR een STORMS AND SLOPE WINDS ROCK WITH SMOOTH SURFACE The Birthplace of Fie Tue chart at the left illustrates how high currents of warm air from the equator are sucked down at Greenland, the earth’s ‘“‘re- frigerator,” as if through a huge ventilating shaft. Rushing down the smooth slopes of the Greenland ice cap, the winds are hurled back again toward the equator. In the Atlantic, as oR / Pe, mon sree h L rom, AEN f e Za ATLANTIC | 4 a. EWroun, a Seen * y fie, —_ rce Atlantic Hurricanes indicated on the map at the right, they produce the terrific hurricanes that play havoc with shipping. On the map and chart are shown the stations where the University of Michigan ex- pedition will study the source of severe storms and attempt to warn vessels of their approach at least a day in advance so as to avoid them il Nenana in the middle of February. After two weeks of desperate struggle through the drifts, they succeeded in leaving only seventy miles of the long trek behind them. The attempt was abandoned, and the explorers were compelled to turn to trusty dog teams. This disheartening mechanical failure was only the beginning of Wilkins’ troubles. One of his party was killed by a whirling propeller blade. First one, then the other of his two planes was damaged in trial flights at Fairbanks. It seemed as if the entire expedition, sponsored by the Detroit Aviation Society and reported to have the backing of Henry Ford, must be doomed to failure. Wilkins, however, was not to be baffled. He repaired his machines, and as this is written he and his pilot, B. Carl Eielson, have completed record-breaking non-stop flights across northern Alaska in the sup- ply plane, carrying gasoline from Fair- banks to Point Barrow. The first of the flights included a 140-mile reconnaissance dash due north from Point Barrow over the ice pack. In this they covered seventy miles of the Arctic never before explored. Returning, they reported that they found no sign of land—only the bleak sea of ice as far as the eye could see. S FOR Byrd and Wade, both are dis- tinguished airmen and skilled mechan- ics, but little acquainted with dog sleds and snowdrifts. Both bank on their ability to push their machines to the full limit of their cruising range, a range that encompasses the distance across the Pole. Byrd has the advantage of 3000 miles of Arctic flying experience with MacMil- lan a vear ago. He is reported to have the backing of men of wealth, including John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Edsel Ford, Thomas F. Ryan, and Vincent Astor. At this writing, he and his party of forty-seven volunteers have set sail from New York for Kings Bay, Spitzbergen, in the steam- er Chantier, carrying with them a triple- engine monoplane. With the plane goes fuel enough for 10,000 miles of flight. From Spitzbergen he plans to fly 400 miles to an advance base in Peary Land at the northern tip of Greenland. From there he will attempt to fly 400 miles to the Pole and also to search for new lands to the westward. In spite of Amundsen’s dire predic- tions, Byrd (Continued on page 119)

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12 hat’s Wron POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 1926 g in [his Picture? >1,000 CASH PRIZES b gow and Mary Newlywed decided to repair and paint their side porch. The carpenter’s estimates came to more than they could afford, so they set to work enthusiastically to do the work themselves. The MONG the thousands of letters that have come from readers who have entered one or more of our monthly $1,000 Picture Contests, one of unusual interest arrived the other day. It was from a suburbanite, and it said: **Dear Contest Editor: “Here is my entry, such as it is. I have labored hard and long over the picture of John and Mary Newlywed, and in the end have succeeded only in gathering this handful of mistakes. “Until now I had lived in the city all my life. But I was married recently and my wife and I decided we'd like to try living in the country. Like John and Mary, we bought a small place, and thought it would be great fun to tinker around the house and fix it up ourselves. But judging from our poor success in find- ing the mistakes of the Newlyweds, I’m afraid it looks as if we were in for a tough time of it here. ** The picture looks simple enough, but if we can’t tell what John or Mary are doing wrong, how in the world are we picture shows them putting on the finishing touches. What have they done wrong, or what are they doing wrong? Also, what mistakes has the artist made in drawing the picture? See how many mistakes you can find expected to know how to do things right?” Two weeks passed. Then, one morn- ing, there arrived another letter from the same reader inclosing a second complete entry in the same contest. This time the list of mistakes was four times as large as the first. “Things are rosier now,” the letter said. ‘We have made some good friends in the neighborhood. They have been here a long while. The other evening, when we were visiting at their house, we showed them the contest picture. Right June, 19. away tl takes, a they we on the ¢ talking keeping. and [ le on what in work “Nov We're h fixing tl want to MontTH: Wrong’ next m home 01 This hundrec written found o contest perienc lywed i tertaini The | body a1 simple. artisan chance valuabl And yo sneaeanceee —_——— reodgs @srtawe BS 4, —_—— sasesaces

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June, 1926 away they spotted a lot of mis- takes, and explained to us why they were wrong. As we worked on the contest together, we got to talking about houses and house- keeping, and as a result my wife and [learned a lot of valuable tips on What to do and what not to do in working about the place. “Now we're both enthusiastic. We're having the time of our lives fixing things up. And for this we want to thank PopuLar ScrENCE MontHLty and your ‘What’s Wrong’ Picture Contest. By next month we hope to bring home one of the big cash prizes.” This newlywed is just one of hundreds of readers who have written telling us that they have found our unusual series of prize contest pictures, depicting the ex- periences of John and Mary New- lywed in their home, not only en- tertaining but helpful as well. The beauty of the contest is that any- body and everybody can work at it. It is simple. You don’t have to be a skilled artisan or mechanic to have as good a chance as anyone of winning one of the valuable cash prizes listed on this page. And you can always get your friends, who POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

See If You Can’t Win One of These Cash Awards | pew SCIENCE MonTHLY is awarding $1,000 in sixty-three cash prizes for the best answers submitted in this remarkable Picture Contest. The cash prizes will be distributed as follows: Fivet Peise............. $ 500 Second Prize........... 100 ‘Thied Prige............ 50 10 Prizes, $10 each..... 100 50 Prizes, $5 each...... 250 Total Prizes....... . $1,000

may be more experienced, to help you. Take this month’s $1,000 picture, for example. It shows John and Mary paint- ing the new porch they have built for their home. All you need to do is to study the picture carefully and see how many mistakes you can find—either mis-

13 takes made by John or Mary, or both, or mistakes made by the artist in drawing the picture. In preparing your entry, simply write down the mistakes as you find them, on one side of a sheet of paper, telling briefly in each case just what is wrong and why it is wrong. The $1,000 in cash prizes, sixty- three in number, will be awarded to those readers who point out the largest number of mistakes, and who present their explana- tions of the errors in the clearest and most skilful way. The judges will be Professors Collins P. Bliss and Hazen G. Ty- ler, both of the Popular Science Institute of Standards and pro- fessors at New York University; and Alexander Senauke, M.E., E. E., radio engineer of the Popular Science Institute of Standards. First read the rules carefully, then go to work. You have until June 30 to submit your entry. Announcement of prize winners will be made as soon there- after as possible. And, of course, you'll be glad to know that another $1,000 Picture Confest will appear in next month’s issue.

The Rules of the Contest—Follow Them Carefully

Each month, until further notice, ¢ POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY is printing a picture of John and Mary Newlywed doing some simple job about the home. Each picture shows John or Mary, or both, doing one or more things in the wrong way. In addition, there are a number of deliberate mistakes by the artist in drawing the picture. You are to tell us what things are being done wrong and what things are drawn wrong in each 4 Answers to each picture must be ¢ mailed or delivered to the offices of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY not later than the thirtieth of the month following the date of publication of the magazine in which the picture appears. Thus, to insure consideration in this month’s contest, answers to the pic- ture in this month’s issue, published May 10, must be mailed or delivered changes or corrections will be allowed in any entry after submission, but any contestant may submit as many sep- arate entries as he desires. All entries should be addressed to * the Picture Contest Editor, POPU- LAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, 250 Fourth avenue, New York City. Name and address of the entrant must be written plainly on each page of the entry. Entries with insuffi-

picture, and why they are cient postage will not be

wrong. POPULAR SCIENCE * MONTHLY will award E fifth $1,000 Picture Contest of this $1,000 each month in sixty- i 2 ; a ‘5 : three cash ocizes for the best fascinating series will appear in next answers giving the greatest number of mistakes in the picture. These prizes will be distributed as follows: First Prize.......... $500 Second Prize........ 100 Mhird Prize... «<6 < + 50 Next 10 Prizes, $10 CTT, ee ean oe 100 Next 50 Prizes,$5each 250 Total Cash Prizes —_—— each month...... $1,000 Another Contest in July month’s issue. Watch for it. Other similar contests will appear in succeeding issues of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. Each will be a complete contest in itself. So, if you should fail to win a prize in one month’s contest, you still have as good a chance as anyone else has to win one the next month. accepted. The publishers cannot be responsible for delay, loss, or non-delivery of entries. No contribution entered in this contest will be acknowledged and none will be returned. No letters of inquiry regarding points covered in the rules can be answered. You pay nothing. Just * prove your knowledge and observation. You need not buy POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY to compete. You can borrow a copy from a friend or you can examine oneatany officeof POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY or at

Prizes will be award- public libraries free of

*ed to those persons who point out the largest number of actual mistakes found in the picture and who present their explana- tions of the errors in the clearest and most skilful way. Actual mistakes shall be construed in all cases to mean mistakes appearing in the picture about which there can be no question in the opinion of the judges. In case of ties, the full amount of the prize will be given to each tying contestant. not later than June 30. No entry bearing a postmarked date later than the closing date for entry will be considered. 5 Answers may be submitted on any ¢ kind of paper, but they must be typewritten or written in ink, and on one side of the paper only. Each error must be listed separately and numbered. No charge. Each contest is open to everybody, except employees of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY and the Popular Science Institute of Standards and their fam- ilies. 8 Officials of the Popular Science ¢ Institute of Standards will act as judges and their decisions will be final. Acceptance of these rules is an implied condition of each entry.

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As Our Two-Level Sidewalks and Motor Ways Proposed by a Distinguished Architect a ‘\ a eat =. ? ) SN NUN (fat bee Ny f ch! a. " rkKrae > ——T _ am hi via ane , i a i} Mili \ | VAS Sage MNF ARS, & sea | ii, 'h f Nl MUTH uw i ae ct ich. iy | cif - P| OF can MY : yy. Uh 4 nh u Vii StH H = Ell cit. Ne Ze SE => —,-2 a ae vA Pitts ELEVATED MOTOR HIGHWAY WITH RAMPS AT CROSS STREETS POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 1926 Traffic Gets Worse ee ee BRIDGES FOR PEDESTRIANS OVER BUSY STREET INTERSECTIONS Gs, ae i —_ JUTE: N THIS page is pictured an ingenious solution of the traffic problem of our congested big cities. The drawings, adapted from sketches by Alfred C. Bossom, ENE) ——$_—_ —_——. \X . An Aerial Route for Autos relieve congestion at the approaches to the Ramps of this type already are helping to | Grand Central Terminal, New York City | J HK Hi : Ts me | (iil AN WOLA RAL WOR a distinguished architect of New York City, were made with the needs of the great metropolis in mind, but the ideas are appli- cable to any city. To distribute the pedestrian traffic, Mr. Bossom would add elevated sidewalks, sup- ported either by slender columns or by My brackets on the sides of the buildings, and connected by bridges. Escalators would con- H nect the two levels. In very wide streets, he would build elevat- Z| ed motor ways for automobiles, which could be reached by inclines or ramps. This plan, he claims, is economical, for it could be in- troduced with least changes to our cities as they stand, eliminating the tremendous ex- pense of widening streets. june, 192 T | fe in roads their into t this d event from ¢ a pub a me could a doz Ev heard In fa of th horse harve a sta now it wo exhil one d forw laug was chan mac he h A heac arou crea thei slyl; mac B was the aws tor:

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June, 1926 H* Reaper Feed POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY The Dramatic Story of a Boy Inventor Who Triumphed Where Hts Father Failed By Rosert FE. Martin T WAS a harvest time holiday in a fertile backwoods valley of Virginia in the year 1832. Over winding dirt roads farmers from miles around, with their wives, children and slaves, rolled into the village of Lexington where, on this day, was to be staged an interesting event. “‘That boy Cyrus McCormick from over by Steele’s Tavern” was to give a public show of his “crazy contraption,” a mechanical reaper which, report said, could cut a stand of grain faster than half a dozen men with scythes! Every one of the country folk had heard of Cyrus McCormick and his reaper. In fact, for years the persistent attempts of the youth and his father to build a horse-propelled contrivance that would harvest a field of wheat or corn had been a standing joke in the community. But now the machine was completed. Would it work? Today they would see. It so happened that the field where the exhibition was to be staged was owned by one John Ruff, a burly farmer, as straight- forward as his name. Other people might laugh at Cyrus McCormick. But he—he was for giving every young inventor his chance. Yes, sir! And besides, what if the machine should really work? Wouldn’t he have his wheat cut into the bargain? And so Ruff stood by and nodded his head wisely while the farmers gathered around the young inventor and his odd creation. White-haired old men cocked their heads, scratched their beards, winked slyly at one another, and joked about the machine. But to all the jests and raillery Cyrus was cold. He swung to the back of one of the team that drew the machine, and away it rattled. Immediately the specta- tors began to wag their heads knowingly and say, “I told you so.” For the field was rough, and the reaper bucked and bumped, cutting the grain only in patches and making a sorry show of itself. It was too much for Farmer Ruff. Angrily he strode out, seized the bridle of one of the horses, and sharply pulled the whole outfit up to a dead stop. “Look here, young fellow,” he shouted, “vou 'll have to quit. You're rattling all the heads off my wheat!” The Reaper’s Predecessor Before McCormick invented the reaper, the most improved harvesting implement was the cradle—a scythe with fingers attached to col- lect the grain and carry it to the end of the stroke so that the cut swath was neatly laid to the sun for drying. With this tool two acres was a good day’s work for one skilled man 15 Ss the World a4 Ler go of that horse!”’ shouted the high-hatted new- comer to Farmer Ruff. Then, as the angry farmer obeyed, the stranger turned to Cyrus McCor- mick. “‘Young man,”’ he said, “‘bring your machine into my field. I'll give youa fair chance to try it ”’ The Inventor of the Reaper Where other inventors are disheartened by failure and disappointment, Cyrus H. Mc- Cormick rode over every obstacle to achieve fame and fortune and to help supply the world with an abundance of daily bread from its fields Cyrus leaped from his horse. Trem- bling with mortification, he faced the rough man before him. And then, as if by magic, kind fortune strode to his rescue in the form of an imposing looking man in high beaver hat, long-tailed coat and polished boots. He was the Honorable William Taylor, leading citizen and poli- tician of the whole countryside. . go that horse there!’ the new- comer shouted to Ruff; then, as the angry farmer obeyed, he turned to Cyrus. “Young man,” he said, “bring your machine over into my field. [ll give you a fair chance to try it.” He directed young McCormick to an adjacent field, while the spectators fol- lowed in silence. There Cyrus, proud and jubilant, drove his machine up and down the level land, cutting the grain in clean swaths. Through the afternoon he worked, and by sundown he had cut six acres of wheat, a task that ordinarily would have required the labor of six men. Farmers who had come to scoff drove homeward in amazement. The idea of the reaper had been born, some fourteen years before, in the mind of the father, Robert McCormick, a

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16 skilled iron worker who mended tools and machinery and was somewhat of an in- ventor. In those days, if some neighbor had passed the McCormick place near Steele’s Tavern in the small hours of the morning, he would have seen a light still flickering in a log-cabin blacksmith shop in the rear of the homestead. And if he had entered the cabin he would have found Robert and his nine-year-old son, Cyrus, hard at work on the reaping ma- chine which was to take the place of hand- wielded scythe and cradle. Of all Robert McCormick’s inventions, this reaper was the one dearest to his heart. His secret ambitions for it he shared alone with his son; for Cyrus had inherited his love for tinkering and was an eager helper. ND so, while the village folk laughed at their pains, the man and the boy worked on side by side, month after month. Their first machine proved a dismal failure. When Robert tried it out in his fields, it mashed the grain flat and left it a tangled mass. The neighbors chuckled, but McCormick simply flung the cranky invention into the junk heap, gritted his teeth, and began anew. More years of experiment, and in 1831 Photos Courtesy Interna- tional Harvester Co. Nearly a Hundred Years Ago— POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY two, was enthusiastic and ambitious. All summer he worked feverishly, and by the close of the harvest his new machine was completed. In appearance, it was as queer as his father’s; but in operation it had been entirely transformed. The horse no longer pushed, but pulled instead. At the end of the row of reaping knives, Cyrus had arranged a curved dividing arm to separate the wheat to be cut from the wheat to be left standing. The knives, as they were pulled forward, also were given a slashing motion. To prevent flat- tening the grain, a row of fingers at the edge of the knife blades was to catch the stalks and hold them while they were being cut. Finally, the falling grain, lifted and straightened by revolving arms, was to be caught on a level platform and June, 1926 his father and a country schoolmaster as partners, he started an iron furnace. The business was beginning to prosper when the panic of 1837 struck the back. woods country. The firm went bankrupt, and the McCormicks lost everything they had except the homestead. To save that, brothers and sisters worked night and day, ERHAPS it was because the McCor. micks refused to be beaten that, in the darkest moment, fortune unaccount- ably turned in their favor. Late one afternoon a dark bearded stranger pulled up before the homestead, “Tm Abraham Smith,” he announced, “Here's fifty dollars. I want one of your reapers.” Cyrus was surprised, but not too sur- The first successful horse-drawn reaper perfected by Cyrus McCormick in 1831. It em- bodied essential features of the modern reaper—vibrating blades, fingers to hold the grain, divider, revolving reel to bend the grain down upon the knives, and platform to receive the cut grain. It was capable of harvesting twelve acres a day, equivalent to the work of six men another reaper was ready for trial. It was a queer looking outfit. While a horse pushed it along from the rear, revolv- ing rods were to whip the grain against a row of short, curved sickles fastened to an arrangement:of upright posts. In high hopes, father and son hauled it into a field, whipped up the horse, and set it in motion. But again, instead of cutting, it matted and trampled the grain. ILENTLY Robert viewed the sorry outcome of his labors. “I'm through,” he said abruptly. “I shall waste no more time.” “But, father, it must work,”’ insisted Cyrus. “Maybe it will go if we fix it so the horse will pull instead of pushing.” “Impossible!” replied the father. “But go ahead and try.” Cyrus, now a strapping lad of twenty- there raked to the side by a helper. A brief trial in their own fields con- vinced Cyrus and his father that the goal was in sight. Throughout the winter Cyrus made improvements. He arranged for a team of horses to pull the machine; and when the next harvest rolled around he staged the public demonstration at Lexington, the outcome of which already has been related. It was one thing, however, to impress a crowd; another thing to persuade them to buy reapers. Neighbors who gathered around the stove in the general store of an evening were far from convinced that it would profit them to use Cyrus McCormick’s machine. Cyrus realized that something more than the profits from the home farm would be required to finance the manu- facture and sale of his invention. With —and Today The latest thing in one-man harvesting ma- chines of the present day—a _ tractor-driven reaper and self-binder. Thirty to thirty-five acres of grain may be harvested in a day by means of this highly efficient power outfit prised to deliver the machine on the spot. In like manner two more orders came that summer. Soon the wide country to the west began to hear of the reaper, and other orders came in quick succession. Now the problem became one of manu- facturing and delivering to keep pace with the demand. And, in those days, it was a staggering one. Sickles for the reapers were made forty miles away and carried in on horseback. There were no railroads to speak of. In all the United States there were fewer than 100 miles of track. It was harder then to deliver machines to Ohio than it is now to ship them to the interior of China. First they had to be transported in wagons to Scottsville, then by canal to Richmond, then reshipped down the James river to the ocean. From there steamers carried them around the tip of Florida and up to New Orleans, whence they were carried in river boats up the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. From river points, they had to be delivered to their destination by wagon. HESE were difficulties that might have baffled even the most aggressive of modern leaders in industry. To sur- mount them required a fighting man of high courage, immense self-confidence and (Continued on page 124) tenacity. Cyrus June, 1° whic! aid. tive effect one light cially color light color tirin In scien reas hav vibr: then emo link mos lent ung desi and vibr tenc Y age revi fres in |i colo maj the thir hav Fro mot unc To wh: art. per ter) ligh hav

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=— —_- Sw we Se See we we we SY eS SES SSO Se wo eee eS —— st hy fF June, 1926 D. W. GRIFFITH How the Camera Sees Colors OTION PIC- TURE making is an art in which light is the first aid. All of us are sensi- tive to light, and the effects of color, which is one manifestation of light, are felt espe- cially. In clothing, some colors depress us, others lighten our spirits; some colors are restful, others tiring or exciting. In their laboratories, scientists have found the reasons for this. They have measured light vibrations and_ tested their effects. Color and emotion, they tell us, are linked closely. Red, the most forceful and vio- lent of colors, may stir ungoverned passion, anger, or even the desire to kill. Yet it quickens courage and is the hue of battle. Pink, with fewer vibrations of light, is thought to induce tender sentiment. and white. ELLOW warms and stirs you. Like red, its vibrations keep your cour- age at high pitch. Green is kindly and revivifying. Yellow crocuses, with their fresh green leaves reawakening an interest in life, play a great part in the sickroom. Dressed in black, which absorbs all colors, unconsciously you take on new majesty of bearing. You feel the might of the accumulated light force. All these things, discovered in the laboratory, I have learned for myself in the studio. From the beginning of my career as a motion picture producer, I have tried to understand light and make it help me. To it I owe at least thirty-five percent of what success I have won in the cinema art. “In the old Biograph days,” as the Period of my beginning as a producer is termed, I began my experiments with light. While I am not a camera man, I ave always set the cameras for my pic- If Your Eyes Are Blue and Your Hair Blond, Stay Away from the Studio, Says Director Chart shows how a variety of bright colors are photographed as varying combinations of black Above, left, David Wark Griffith POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ae tures. Perhaps because I was young, I ‘had from the first the hardihood to defy traditions. I was the first to use the “reverse light.” It had been customary to place the light behind the object to be photo- graphed. I argued for placing it in front, and finally won a trial. The result was astonishing. Photographed with the light in front, the object seemed more natural. It looked as we are accustomed to seeing it instead of “like a picture.” My next experiment in the use of light was with the now generally used “close- ups,” familiar to all movie fans today. An Artist of Light and Shade AVID WARK GRIFFITH, author of this fascinating article, needs no introduction to our readers. It is a great pleasure to present this ab- sorbing article, in which he tells how he devised many of the methods of production that have made the modern feature picture possible. 17 IGHT—First Aid io the Ovies Painting with Light To obtain striking light effects for the screen, much apparatus is need- ed. In the lower picture the mirror is used to simulte sunlight through the trees; above, the battery of lights that produces ‘‘moonlight”’ “ Let’s show their faces,” I suggested. “It will be like an introduction to their char- acters.” The Biograph authorities at first weren’t enthusiastic about my suggestion. “They,” the authorities told me, meaning the audience, “don’t want to see their faces.” “No harm in trying,” I said. So I set the camera close to the actor and turned it fully upon his face. The result, to my youthful spirit, seemed magical. Still the powers were doubtful. They offered the close-ups tentatively, and the applause that greeted them determined their fate. N THOSE same early days, it occurred ‘to me that some remarkably beautiful and impressive effects might be obtained by setting the camera on a high moun- tain and registering the delicate play of light and shadow in the valley below. My technical associates scoffed at the idea. Yet I insisted. I took them to a lofty cliff. “The scene is there,” I told them. “‘What the human eye can see, the camera also can be made to see. We have only to make the correct use of light under favorable conditions.” The first experiment in deep valley pic- turing was made with “Ramona,” the pioneer of the two pictures of that name depicting the life of the Indian. In that picture, scenes in a valley an eighth of a mile away were (Continued on page 125)

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18 Lieutenant-Commander Edward Ellsberg, U.S.N.. at the right, with the in- genious under-water torch invented by him to enable divers to puncture the sea- filled hull of the S-51, as An en- velope of compressed air surrounds the intense flame S THIS is written, the Navy Depart- ment is planning one of the most daring and ingenious salvage I rg : : yh ae cture above. operations In maritime nr history — the tremen- dous task of raising the submarine S-51, rammed and sunk about fifteen miles off Block Island, on the New England coast, in a collision with the steamship City of Rome on a dark night last September. Manned by its ghastly crew of twenty- three dead sailormen, the rusty hulk of this two and a quarter million dollar fighting machine lies fast bound in sticky clay at the bottom of the ocean under twenty-one fathoms of water. For months experts conceded that the wreck was a total loss: even the dead bodies never could be recovered, they said. No ship of 1,000 tons’ displacement ever had been raised from such a depth as 130 feet. How desperate attempts were made to raise the submarine and to rescue the crew by conventional methods and how these attempts failed, was described in PopuLar SCIENCE Montuiy for Decem- ber. Hope was abandoned when it was found that all compartments of the vessel were flooded. HE reason .these early efforts were unsuccessful was that the combined lifting power of the enormous cranes which tried to lift the S-51 amounted to only about 250 tons, or less than one quarter of the weight of the boat. Only the belief that the hull still contained large amounts of air spurred the rescuers in their frantic efforts to save the lives of their comrades. When these first methods failed, it was obvious that an entirely new scheme must be employed if the S-51 ever were to be raised from its ocean grave. And so the Navy Department set quietly to work. Lieutenant-Commander Edward Elisberg of the Construction Corps, an POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY engineer of long experience in salvage work, spent months studying the prob- lem. Eventually he submitted a plan that was unique. Nothing like June, 192 oA lug of War How They Plan to Lift the Sunken Submarine S-51—The Most Daring Salvage Job in History By L. U. Reavis ed at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, where preliminary trials showed that the inven- tion will cut steel under water almost as effectively as in the air. At present a buoy is anchored by a long rope to the deck gun of the S-51. A diver from the Falcon, the principal salvaging vessel, will slide down this rope and land on the deck of the submarine. Other divers will follow. IRST they will lash eight steel cylin- ders or “‘pontoons” to the sides of the wreck in tandem fashion. These pontoons are thirty-two feet long and thirteen feet in diameter. Each one will be fitted witha hose connected to air pumps on board the Falcon. When just the right amount of air is pumped into them, their weight in water can be made so little that the divers will be able to place them in position and chain them fast. Two more pontoons, slightly smaller, will be attached to the front and rear of the craft by chains about sixty feet long. it ever had been tried before. And yet it gave every promise of success, The difficulty of the problem may be realized when you find that the dead weight of the S-51 is not the only factor involved. Besides being completely water- logged, the hull is fast bound in a clay so tenacious that it had to be chopped away from anchors of vessels that had anchored in the vicinity. Just how much pull will be necessary to break the hull away from the grip of the clay is problematical. At any rate, the total lifting power will have to be far in excess of the dead weight of the hull alone. A remarkable cutting torch invented by Commander Ells- berg seems destined to play a vital part in the successful com- pletion of the job. Torches of the oxy-acetylene and oxy-hy- drogen type have long been in common use for cutting and welding steel. Commander Ells- berg has developed a torch of this type that will work with full efficiency under water. He has done this by supplying air under pressure in such a way that it forms an envelope around the flame from the torch. ry, . = To test out this torch, a tank sixteen feet deep was coustruct- Dives in Tank to Test His Invention Commander Ellsberg descending into a tank of water sixteen feet deep at the Brooklyn Navy Yard to test the practical working qualities of his new submarine torch June,

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June, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

be with the Bottom of the Sea

GEYSER OF WATER. FROM EXPELLED AIR Ne

5 POSITION OF PILOT PONTOONS AT FINAL RISE ‘Some AIR RE- LEASED AT STAGE 2 TO PREVENT § TOO SUDDEN ARISE , OF BOAT TO SURFACE PiLOT PONTOON AIR HOSE ATTACHED TO PONTOONS AND HOLES MADE BY DIVER —_—> PONTOONS LASHED TO BOAT REAR COMPARTMENTS <— oii

ELEVATION ¢ S&S STERN OIVER WITH TORCH CLOSED IN BY DOORS 1-2-3 ~240 FEE nee Se OAMAGED AREA {ON PORT SIDE) —————-—— Sas et eooeaner STAGE: THREE = NEAT TO FINAL RISE rear PILOT PONTOON FOR GOVERNING RISE OF SUBMARINE TO SURFACE

The Ingenious Scheme to Raise the Submarine S-51 from Its Ocean Grave N THIS drawing, our artist graphically shows the three stages in the method to be employed in lifting the sunken submarine to the It is expected that the combined lifting power of ten pontoons plus the buoyancy of the hull itself after air has been pumped surface. Meanwhile, other divers equipped with Commander Ellsberg’s under-water torch will be engaged in closing as many of the water-tight doors in the hull as possible, and in cutting ventholes in the bottom of the hull. Holes also will be cut in the hull at other points, and air hose lines from the Falcon will be fitted to them. When these tasks have been completed, the divers will ascend to the Falcon, where the salvage crew will be waiting tensely for the final effort to float the S-51. At the word of command, the air pumps will be started. Gradually they will force the water out of the pontoons until they are entirely filled with air. The eight pontoons chained directly to the hull will have a combined lifting power of 760 tons, and the two “pilot” pontoons will add 120 tons of lifting power, making a total of 880 tons pulling steadily against the dead weight of the hull. And then will come the supreme test. Air pressure will be applied to the hose lines connected to the hull itself, and it is hoped that sufficient water can be forced out to add at least 500 tons of buoyancy. Will this be enough to break the grip of the sticky clay? If it is, the S-51 will surely rise with a rush, stern foremost, because the present condition of the hull appears to be such that the rear end of the submarine will hold air better than the forward end. Such a sudden uprush is feared. It might imperil the entire undertaking if the S-51 should shoot suddenly to the surface, turn end up, and plunge beneath into it, will break the S-51 loose from the grip of sticky clay that clutches it at the bottom of the ocean. depended upon to halt the upward rush of the released hull at a depth of sixty feet, until it can be leveled out by adjusting the air pressure The pilot pontoons are the waves again as the air is suddenly released by the change in position. It is because of this danger that the pilot pon- toons are used. It is hoped that as these pontoons reach the surface the sudden change in the lifting power available will hold the hull at the sixty-foot level until the men in charge are able to level out the hull by forcing more air in at the bow. Commander Ellsberg hopes that they will be able to force enough air into the wreck to bring it slowly to the surface, where it can be towed for 150 miles down Long Island Sound, through Hell Gate and down the East River to the Brooklyn Navy Yard, where it will be rebuilt and put back in se nt to the engineering skill and fearless enterprise of the United States Navy.

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20 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 192 What Your Hand 7Te//s a Palmis You'll Enjoy Reading Your Own Fortune If You Don’t Take It Too Seriously—W hat the Different Lines Mean By Witttam J. Wuire, Jr. ISTENING in on the radio one morning recently, I acciden- tally tuned-in a certain station. “Palmistry.” a woman _ speaker Was saying, “is an exact science one of the oldest in the world.” I listened rather idly at first, but when the lecture was over my curios- ity had been so excited that I made a resolve to delve more deeply into the subject, to learn, if possible, whether palmistry actually has a scientific basis, as that radio speaker claimed. That resolution has cost me much time and trouble, but I consider the results worth the effort. As to whether I have been convinced, you must judge. I will give a_ brief résumé of the subject, as the palm- ists present it, and a few observa- tions of my own. Just when the first man examined a palm and attempted to read char- acter through its markings is not known. There is evidence that palmistry was practiced — several thousand years ago in China, and the ancient Greeks and Romans are said to have given it considerable study. ALMISTRY is divided into two sections, that are concerned respectively with the size and shape of the hands and fingers and with the lines of the palm. Hold either hand out, palm up, MOROSENESS RELIGION PRUDENCE AMBITION PUBLIC JUPITER (LOVE) How to Read Your Own Palm In this diagram are shown’ the principal lines and “‘mounts”’ of the hand and the palmists’ interpretation of their meaning. From the strength or weakness of these various features, as indicated by their size or length, you can read your own fortune. Mr. White’s article explains in detail how to do this very easily . BUSINESS SPEAKING nearest the palm. Now observe the palm. Several lines should stand out clearly. First will come the heart line. This should start somewhere under Jupiter or Saturn—first or second finger— and run horizontally across the hand. Below that, and almost parallel with it, is the line of head. That generally has its beginning midway between the base of Jupiter and the thumb, and its ending under Apollo-or Mer- cury. It may even extend over the side of the hand. Going back to the starting point of the head line, you'll discover another line hooked up with it for a short space but then branch- ing off and describing a curve around the base of the thumb, ending at the wrist. That is the line of life. HOSE are the three principal lines of the hand, and, if they are all present—occasionally the heart and head lines are one—you should have no difficulty in picking them out, for their location is approx- imately the same on all palms. But the remaining lines are not placed with any such exactitude. The line of fate is one of these. It follows a vertical direction, starting somewhere at the base of the palm and proceeding in the direction of Saturn. You may discover that it starts with the lower end of the life line. You may find it to the left or and you'll be able to follow the nomenclature better. The fingers, start- ing with the index and ending with the little finger, are known as Jupiter, Saturn, Apollo and Mercury. These appellations are heritages from mythology. At the roots of the fingers will be found little puffs of flesh. These are called * mounts,” and take their names from the fingers. Thus, under the index finger is the mount of Jupiter: under the second, the mount of Saturn, and so on. You will be able to see the mounts better if you close the hand slightly. Cross on mount of Jupiter—sign of happy marriage if **influence’’ line runs across the palm Squares mean “ pro- tection.’’ These squares show recov- ery from illnesses in- dicated by breaks Now spread out your palm again, so as to make the fingers bend backward, if that is possible. (I might observe in pass- ing that if there is a perceptible back- ward tilt it is supposed to be a sign of great generosity, and if very pronounced, of extravagance.) Take note whether there are slight rises or lumps at the joints. In palmistry, these lumps are known as the joints, whereas the sections of the fingers are called ** phalanges.” The first phalange is that containing the nail: the second, the middle; the third, that Sil The girdle of Venus, The ring of Saturn, just below fingers, in which is to be seen on a bad hand denotes sen- the second finger, suality, but in a good said to indicate a hand, warm-heartedness love of mysticism e right of that. Or vou may not catch sight of it until you have worked up the palm to the head line. In some hands this line starts out well enough but breaks off at the head line. Or, it may continue only to the heart line. All of these beginnings and endings have various significances, which I shall ex- plain. I go into detail about this since, were vou to be guided solely by a diagram on which the fate line was arbitrarily placed, you might be under the impres- sion that vou are fateless. What follows seems to me a misnomer wey Vertical lines rising from the line of life are indicators of suc- cess in life, accord- ing to the palmists The line of fame, or Apollo, When start- ing above heart line, as above, it becomes the line of notoriety June, 19

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June, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 21 The mighty left hand of Paul Berlen- bach, famous pugilist. The fingers are massive—short and thick—those of a man of action. Only the rudimentary lines of the heart, the head and life are plain, as well as two“ success lines” —the line of health. As a matter of fact, it is just the opposite. Far better, say the palmists, if you haven’t the line at all, since the more pronounced it is, the more ail- ments you are subject to. This runs ver- tically to the fourth finger, or Mercury, and is of variable length. It may start from center of palm, or from the heart line. The big lump at the base of the thumb (the section that is encircled by the life line) is the mount of Venus. Remember- ing your mythology, you can guess that this would be expected to have a great bearing on the affections. The mount of Mars, the theoretical seat of courage, fortitude, is on the outside of the hand, just below the mount of Mercury, and the mount of Moon takes up where Mars leaves off and extends down to the wrist. Hands are of three types— Here the square palm denotes business ability, the long first phalange of Mercury a gift for oratory, the clear fate line success. hand of Joseph P. Day, the well-known auctioneer and real estate man Fingers are of three kinds—square, spatulate and conic, the shape of the tip determining the type. A square finger is, as its name implies, square on the end; a conic finger resembles a thimble; while a spatulate finger is spread out at the tip, not unlike an old-fashioned potato masher in miniature. The square hand probably should be discussed first, since it is the most common. This is the hand, according to palmistry, of your sturdy citizen—the man who goes about his business in a quiet, determined way, obeys the laws, provides for his family, achieves material success, and is generally a credit to the community. Everything about him is square, including his character. His middle finger, or Saturn, in the ideal formation should measure the same length as the distance from the heel of the palm to the base of the finger. (That rule, as a matter of fact, applies to all ideal hands, no matter what the type.) If you want to find out how near you It is the Gloria Swanson has an almost ideal conic, or artistic hand. The long little finger indicates histrionic ability, the square palm business capability; wide- spread fingers independence of thought. Fate,fame and head lines are pronounced approximate perfection, place the Saturn finger of your left hand on the palm of your right, the root of the finger resting on the heel of the palm. The tip should just reach the root of the right Saturn finger. In addition, the hand has a square appearance; solid, substantial-looking. You can readily appreciate how this fits the square, solid, substantial citizen. Remember, however, you're not likely to find perfection, as I explained above. There'll be a mixture somewhere. HE owner of the square type makes a poor lover, say palmists. He will be steadfast, a good provider, but undemon- strative. If his hand is especially square, he may be despotic, governed by reason to the point of fanaticism. artistic, or conic; business, or square; elemental, or coarse. These are indicated by the shape of the hand and fingers, and are regarded as of extreme importance by palmists, since a line in the palm of one type may have a significance quite different from that of the same line in another type. Before I go into detailed description of these types, let me save you much perplexity by explaining that palmists say that rarely is a perfect type found. Virtually Is Palmistry Really a Science? POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY presents on these pages the results of anextensive investigation of palmistry conducted by William J. White, Jr., an able reporter. Scientists generally discredit palmistry and similar efforts to read character from physical characteris- tics. Dr. J. McKeen Cattell, former president of the American Association for Science, for example, asserts that such efforts are the ‘occupation of charlatans.’’ However, palmistry, little understood and fascinating to large numbers of people, offers many opportunities for entertain- ment, and Mr. White’s clear, simple explanation is sure to interest you. the Advancement of The Editor. When someone mentions “artistic hand,” what mental picture does that summon? Long, supple fingers, pointed at the tips, and thin palm, doesn’t it? Can’t you visualize those fingers racing across the keyboard of a piano or up and down the strings of a violin; or tearing madly through a great shock of hair to give vent to artistic excitement? Well, that’s the artistic, or conic hand, exactly. The longer the fingers, the less order of mind, all hands are combinations. it is said, but the greater

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 1926 A palmist, reading only this left hand—the hand of heredity—would see slight signs of mental development. The head line barely reaches the Apollo finger. Now examine the right hand on the opposite side. possibility of genius. The more pointed the tips, the greater the love of the artistic, the less the consideration for the materialistic. Carried to excess, this form may indicate mental instability, accordingly to palmists, or also a lover of luxury, an idler. HE coarse hand is all that the name implies. The fingers are short— remember, this always means the length in comparison with the palm—they are decidedly spatulate, or club-shaped. The hand is hard, resisting. Here again, warn the practitioners of palmistry, is a fruitful source of error. A man’s hand may be hardened through manual labor. This has no bearing on his character. When in doubt, the advice is to feel the sides of the third phalange of the Apollo finger. The skin there should have the texture, almost, of an infant's, as the fingers do not come into contact at those spots, Refined, this type fills a very necessary place in the scheme of things. Its owner is the active, out-of-doors person, the explorer, the pioneer. Daniel Boone must have had such fingers, palmists tell me. On the subject of fingers in general, length is said to denote intellectuality as well as a tend- ency to worry over trifles. Short-fingered persons, though, are quick in action and thought, and are not given to worrying. In addition to the texture, the color of the skin tells a story to the palmist. White hands re- veal to them the egotist; red hands show a hopeful disposi- tion. The thumb is regarded as the most important part of the hand. A good thumb can over- come bad tendencies, but a bad member will almost nullify good traits that show else- where. For that reason, after the palmist has decided the type, he generally turns to the thumb, which be believes is the seat of the will. The first phalange of the How a Strong Will Triumphed Art and business judgment are combined re- markably, if palmists are to be believed, in the hand of Edward Herbert Miner, painter of ani- mals. Imagination is- shown by the well- developed mount of the Moon and sloping head line, and there is a multiplic- ity of lines beneath the finger of art and the business finger This Hand Governs a Great State The outstanding feature of this hand is the well-marked heart line, sign of the “good mixer,’’ according to palmists. There is 1t also the squareness of the business hand; the long first phalange of Mercury denotes the orator; a strong will is shown in the thumb; there are an excellent head line and two distinct success lines. It is the hand of Gov. Alfred E. Smith, of New York Here the head line runs clear across the palm, indicating that the sub- ject developed her mentality through the exercise of the strong will shown by the well-developed first phalange (upper joint) of thumb thumb—that containing the nail—meas- ures will power; the second, logic. When these are equal in length, the palmist is most flattering in his deductions. That, he says, is the ideal combination, as logic will balance will. If the first phalange is longer and is quite stiff, the subject will be found to be dogmatic, overbearing, one who will never confess error. Supple- ness of the joint tempers: this attitude somewhat. If the joint is short, the per- son is likely to lack resolution. Given a good phalange of logic, a person who is not very strong in the will sector will have much good sense and judgment. His ideas in the abstract will be excellent, but he rarely carries out. The palmist next determines which finger is dominant. To the beginner, this is somewhat confusing; but, after a number of hands have been examined, little difficulty is experienced. One finger in the hand will seem to stand out more than the others. In an unusually well- balanced hand, this may not be the case. But, as I mentioned before, the model hand is a rarity. . according to the theory, is the finger of ambition. When short, it denotes the lack of, when excessively long, an overweening desire to rule. Napoleon had an_ exceptionally long Jupiter finger. Prudence and morality are shown in a normal Saturn finger; when too long, melancholy is indi- cated. Apollo is the seat of art. Business ability and eloquence, it is said, are found in Mercury. The mounts are supposed to strengthen these attributes. Sat- urn long, combined with a large mount, betrays the mor- bid, bitter person. It is well to bear in mind that over-develop- ment is never to be desired. Palmists say that a tendency to keep the hand closed denotes secretiveness, and that secretive persons will reveal the trait, no matter how they try to conceal In the New York subway the other day I saw two men en- gaged (Continued on page 130) June, 1926 been hi no wea been i has eve Lion tively stincts. the ju where utterly jestic : strong spite t huntsr This rent, worth: ing mi both The a stuc tions, discip like. smart H al the rs you h vite a ises W A ( rats « Britis Wher coast long. there inten ad | the ; tom-

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June, 1926 A Foe Man By PETER VISCHER - a ae | 3, mS beasts AN, proud and arrogant, has long looked upon himself as a great huntsman. Wild beasts have been his prey from the days when he had no weapon other than a sling. He has been invariably fearless of animals, and has even made sport of their killing. Lions and tigers have been compara- tively easy victims of his hunting in- stincts, and today these fierce kings of the jungle are facing extinction. But where these great beasts have succumbed utterly and miserably, one far less ma- jestic and far less heroic, the rat, grows stronger, bolder, and more numerous de- spite the unceasing aitacks of the great huntsman. This sordid beast, vile, unclean, abhor- rent, apparently insignificant and un- worthy of notice, is today an ever-increas- ing menace to man from the standpoint both of health and of economics. The rat, declare those who have made a study of him, his habits, his depreda- tions, is an organized enemy of mankind, disciplined like a soldier, fierce and war- like. And resourceful to a degree; clever, smart, keen, carefree, courageous, too. HERE are people today, and prob- ably always will be, who believe that the rat problem is easily solved; that all you have to do to get rid of rats is to in- vite a lusty tom-cat to share your prem- ises with you. A classic tale among the huntsmen of rats comes to mind. The skipper of the British freighter Ethelhilda had this idea. When he brought his craft from the west coast of Africa into New Orleans not so long ago, government officials, suspecting there were rats on board, announced they intended to fumigate with poison gas. “It’s totally unnecessary,” protested the skipper, quite incensed. ‘I have a tom-cat with me, an exceptionally fine ha, a mr, x While man, the great huntsman, has been proudly victorious over jungle, a gigantic rat problem of overshadowing proportions long been in the background prac- tically unnoticed POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY tom-cat. A rat couldn’t live on the same boat with him!” Nevertheless, the Ethelhilda was fumigated. And through the irony of fate, Tom was left on board in the excitement. But he was found again, dead—com- pletely surrounded by rats. Twen- ty-four of them lay within five feet of their traditional enemy. The problem of rat extermina- tion is extremely important, and unfortunately is not easily solved. Scientists have been working on it for years and, though progress has been made, there is as yet no absolute solution. According to Professor Henry H. Donaldson, of the Wistar In- stitute, the rat population of the United States alone is equal to its human popula- tion. This makes 120,000,000 rats, an extraordinary figure. And the United States is less troubled by these pests than are most other nations. The common rat is not native to the United States, but an immigrant that arrived here 150 years ago. While the present-day rat population represents a large increase from the original colonial settlers, Professor Donald- son’s experiments show that it is nothing to what might happen under “ideal” cir- cumstances. A worker in his laboratory, from a single pair of albino rats, raised 3,800 in sixteen months. the has ROFESSOR G. G. Cham- 2 bers of the University of Pennsylvania has calculated that at the usual rate of one . litter in four months and six young to a litter, in ten years the offspring of one pair of rats would, if all survived, number 2,300,000,000,000,- 000,000, or two and three tenths quintillions. Fortu- nately for the world, mortal- ity is great among rats. The rat is not only prolific; he is amazingly clever, quick- witted, ingenious, resource- ful, and those who devoted their lives to his extermina- tion have profound respect and admiration for him. Dr. C. L. Williams, a sur- geon of the United States public health service now stationed at Quarantine in New York Harbor, has been 23 Has Yet to Conquer _How Scientists War against the _ Wily Rats, a Constant Menace to Health and Property—Strange Ways in Which They Outwit Us studying rats in all parts of the world for more than fourteen years. He tells me he knows of no animal so extraordinarily adaptable. The rat lives anywhere, from the arctic circle to the tropics. He can eat anything. He colonizes. He gets fun out of life and enjoys his fellows. He knows his enemies. For instance, Dr. Williams says it is easy to catch rats at first. When a new center of rats is attacked, capture and extermination is quite simple. This is illustrated by an experience Dr. Williams had in Porto Rico. A bakery there was thought to be so infested as to be the center of a plague infection. A wire fence three feet high was built about the place. And then its walls, of sun-baked brick a foot and a half thick, were attacked. Hundreds of rats ran out and, as they scrambled laboriously over the wire fence, peons killed them with clubs. UT rats learn quickly. And after the first of their fellows are killed, usually the others devise ways and means of es- cape. So there is no infallible means of extermination. Traps, simplest and most primitive weapons, are still the most effective. Poisons, rat (Continued on page 128) How Wily Rats Outwit Man en This drawing shows how a colony of rats outwitted a grocer who built a special stand to protect his eggs. By forming a living chain from stand to floor, they emptied the case of eggs in something less than an hour

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 192 A palmist, reading only this left hand—the hand of heredity—would see slight signs of mental development. The head line barely reaches the Apollo finger. Now examine the right hand on the opposite side. possibility of genius. The more pointed the tips, the greater the love of the artistic, the less the consideration for the materialistic. Carried to excess, this form may indicate mental instability, accordingly to palmists, or also a lover of luxury, an idler. HE coarse hand is all that the name implies. The fingers are short— remember, this always means the length in comparison with the palm—they are decidedly spatulate, or club-shaped. The hand is hard, resisting. Here again, warn the practitioners of palmistry, is a fruitful source of error. A man’s hand may be hardened through manual labor. This has no bearing on his character. When in doubt, the advice is to feel the sides of the third phalange of the Apollo finger. The skin there should have the texture, almost, of an infant’s, as the fingers do not come into contact at those spots, Refined, this type fills a very necessary place in the scheme of things. Its owner is_ the active, out-of-doors person, the explorer, the pioneer. Daniel Boone must have had such fingers, palmists tell me. On the subject of fingers in general, length is said to denote intellectuality as well as a tend- ency to worry over trifles. Short-fingered persons, though, are quick in action and thought, and are not given to worrying. In addition to the texture, the color of the skin tells a story to the palmist. White hands re- veal to them the egotist; red hands show a hopeful disposi- tion. The thumb is regarded as the most important part of the hand. A good thumb can over- come bad tendencies, but a bad member will almost nullify good traits that show else- where. For that reason, after the palmist has decided the type, he generally turns to the thumb, which be believes is the seat of the will. The first phalange of the line, sign of the ‘‘ good mixer, How a Strong Will Triumphed Art and business judgment are combined re- markably, if palmists are to be believed, in the hand of Edward Herbert Miner, painter of ani- mals. Imagination is shown by the well- developed mount of the Moon and sloping head line, and there is a multiplic- ity of lines beneath the finger of art and the business finger This Hand Governs a Great State The outstanding feature of this hand is the well-marked heart according to palmists. There is at. also the squareness of the business hand; the long first phalange of Mercury denotes the orator; a strong will is shown in the thumb; there are an excellent head line and two distinct success lines. It is the hand of Gov. Alfred E. Smith, of New York ” Here the head line runs clear across the palm, indicating that the sub- ject developed her mentality through the exercise of the strong will shown by the well-developed first phalange (upper joint) of thumb thumb—that containing the nail—meas- ures will power; the second, logic. When these are equal in length, the palmist is most flattering in his deductions. That, he says, is the ideal combination, as logic will balance will. If the first phalange is longer and is quite stiff, the subject will be found to be dogmatic, overbearing, one who will never confess error. Supple- ness of the joint tempers this attitude somewhat. If the joint is short, the per- son is likely to lack resolution. Given a good phalange of logic, a person who is not very strong in the will sector will have much good sense and judgment. His ideas in the abstract will be excellent, but he rarely carries out. The palmist next determines which finger is dominant. To the beginner, this is somewhat confusing; but, after a number of hands have been examined, little difficulty is experienced. One finger in the hand will seem to stand out more than the others. In an unusually well- balanced hand, this may not be the case. But, as I mentioned before, the model hand is a rarity. UPITER, according to the theory, is the finger of ambition. When short, it denotes the lack of, when excessively long, an overweening desire to rule. Napoleon had an_ exceptionally long Jupiter finger. Prudence and morality are shown in a normal Saturn finger; when too long, melancholy is indi- cated. Apollo is the seat of art. Business ability and eloquence, it is said, are found in Mercury. The mounts are supposed to strengthen these attributes. Sat- urn long, combined with a large mount, betrays the mor- bid, bitter person. It is well to bear in mind that over-develop- ment is never to be desired. Palmists say that a tendency to keep the hand closed denotes secretiveness, and that secretive persons will reveal the trait, no matter how they try to conceal In the New York subway the other day I saw two men en- gaged (Continued on page 130) June ne ae ole Se a

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ll id ll as oO Mf ,. — June, 1926 A Foe By PETER VISCHER nn sy ; beasts AN, proud and arrogant, has long looked upon himself as a great huntsman. Wild beasts have been his prey from the days when he had no weapon other than a sling. He has been invariably fearless of animals, and has even made sport of their killing. Lions and tigers have been compara- tively easy victims of his hunting in- stincts, and today these fierce kings of the jungle are facing extinction. But where these great beasts have succumbed utterly and miserably, one far less ma- jestic and far less heroic, the rat, grows stronger, bolder, and more numerous de- spite the unceasing aitacks of the great huntsman. This sordid beast, vile, unclean, abkor- rent, apparently insignificant and un- worthy of notice, is today an ever-increas- ing menace to man from the standpoint both of health and of economics. The rat, declare those who have made a study of him, his habits, his depreda- tions, is an organized enemy of mankind, disciplined like a soldier, fierce and war- like. And resourceful to a degree; clever, smart, keen, carefree, courageous, too. HERE are people today, and prob- ably always will be, who believe that the rat problem is easily solved; that all you have to do to get rid of rats is to in- vite a lusty tom-cat to share your prem- ises with you. A classic tale among the huntsmen of rats comes to mind. The skipper of the British freighter Ethelhilda had this idea. When he brought his craft from the west coast of Africa into New Orleans not so long ago, government officials, suspecting there were rats on board, announced they intended to fumigate with poison gas. “It’s totally unnecessary,” protested the skipper, quite incensed. ‘I have a tom-cat with me, an exceptionally fine While man, the great huntsman, has been proudly victorious over jungle, a gigantic rat problem of overshadowing proportions long been in the background prac- tically unnoticed POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY tom-cat. A rat couldn’t live on the same boat with him!” Nevertheless, the Ethelhilda was fumigated. And through the irony of fate, Tom was left on board in the excitement. But he was found again, dead—com- pletely surrounded by rats. Twen- ty-four of them lay within five feet of their traditional enemy. The problem of rat extermina- tion is extremely important, and unfortunately is not easily solved. Scientists have been working on it for years and, though progress has been made, there is as yet no absolute solution. According to Professor Henry H. Donaldson, of the Wistar In- stitute, the rat population of the United States alone is equal to its human popula- tion. This makes 120,000,000 rats, an extraordinary figure. And the United States is less troubled by these pests than are most other nations. The common rat is not native to the United States, but an immigrant that arrived here 150 years ago. While the present-day rat population represents a large increase from the original colonial settlers, Professor Donald- son’s experiments show that it is nothing to what might happen under “ideal” cir- cumstances. A worker in his laboratory, from a single pair of albino rats, raised 3,800 in sixteen months, the has ROFESSOR G. G. Cham- » bers of the University of Pennsylvania has calculated that at the usual rate of one . litter in four months and six : young to a litter, in ten years the offspring of one pair of rats would, if all survived, number 2,300,000,000,000,- 000,000, or two and three tenths quintillions. Fortu- nately for the world, mortal- ity is great among rats. The rat is not only prolific; he is amazingly clever, quick- witted, ingenious, resource- ful, and those who devoted their lives to his extermina- tion have profound respect and admiration for him. Dr. C. L. Williams, a sur- geon of the United States public health service now stationed at Quarantine in New York Harbor, has been 23 Man Has Yet to Conquer _ How Scientists War against the _ Wily Rats, a Constant Menace to Health and Property—Strange Waysin Which They Outwit Us studying rats in all parts of the world for more than fourteen years. He tells me he knows of no animal so extraordinarily adaptable. The rat lives anywhere, from the arctic circle to the tropics. He can eat anything. He colonizes. He gets fun out of life and enjoys his fellows. He knows his enemies. For instance, Dr. Williams says it is easy to catch rats at first. When a new center of rats is attacked, capture and extermination is quite simple. This is illustrated by an experience Dr. Williams had in Porto Rico. A bakery there was thought to be so infested as to be the center of a plague infection. A wire fence three feet high was built about the place. And then its walls, of sun-baked brick a foot and a half thick, were attacked. Hundreds of rats ran out and, as they scrambled laboriously over the wire fence, peons killed them with clubs. UT rats learn quickly. And after the first of their fellows are killed, usually the others devise ways and means of es- ‘ape. So there is no infallible means of extermination. Traps, simplest and most primitive weapons, are still the most effective. Poisons, rat (Continued on page 128) How Wily Rats Outwit Man This drawing shows how a colony of rats outwitted a grocer who built a special stand to protect his eggs. By forming a living chain from stand to floor, they emptied the case of eggs in something less than an hour

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24 From a sickly boy, Charles Hoff has made himself the world’s champion pole vaulter as well as the greatest all-around athlete of the present day HARLES HOFF, possibly Nor- way s most versatile genius, prob- ably the world’s greatest all- around athlete, and certainly the premier pole vaulter of the universe, is a sport ambassador sent by the youth of Europe to the youth of America to help build up that unofficial league of nations which sport lovers the world over are forming, and into which the United States may enter whole-heartedly and without reser- vations. This is the day of the sport ambassa- dor. Spiked shoes and glistening, white silk running flappers may not have super- seded wholly the gleaming silk topper and the chaste frock coat as the garments of diplomacy, nor the tennis racket and the five-ounce glove rendered obsolete as diplomatic properties the locked brief- case and its sheaf of documents: vet each nation of the world now counts as an asset the good-will-building value of its star athletes. T WAS in the company of some sixteen thousand other followers of track and field sports that I first saw Charles Hoff. It was in the wonderful New Madison Square Garden in New York one night last winter, and the Norwegian star was making his first competitive appearance in America. It is a peculiarity of the knowing Amer- ican sport fan that he places slight faith in reputations won abroad, and that he is decidedly skeptical of all records made outside his own country. Hoff had for some vears been heralded as the greatest all-around track and field athlete ever de- veloped in Europe. When the fans POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY By ARTHUR GRAHAME crowded into the Garden to to see him do his stuff, they were prepared either to cheer a record breaking performance or to jeer another foreign “bust.” They cheered! There were good American athletes entered in the pole vault, but they might as well have stayed at home. Without taking off the woolen sweat shirt and long woolen trousers that are worn by track athletes to protect themselves from chill before and after competition, the black-haired, slender Norwegian soared over the bar seemingly without effort as it was raised inch by inch, until the last of his opponents failed thrice at twelve feet six inches and were out of the competition. HERE was a busy scurrying about of dinner-coated officials as the bar was raised to the very top of the tall vaulting standards. The tallest official, balanced precariously on the top of a stepladder, could not hold the end of a measuring tape against the center of the crossbar, and a lengthy athlete was drafted into the serv- ice of accuracy. It had been the intention to place the bar at a height of thirteen feet two inches, but the standards were not high enough. The best that the offi- cials could manage was thirteen feet one inch—an inch higher than the then exist- ing world indoor record. While all this was going on, Hoff chat- ted easily with some of his fellow com- petitors. When all was ready, he stood at the end of the yellow pine runway, still clad in his shapeless woolen training suit, and gazed for a moment, very calm- lv, at the crossbar a hundred feet away. June, 1926 i ( “‘harles Hoff, the These remarkable action pictures show the carefully studied ‘‘form’’ which has enabled Hoff to clear the bar at 13 feet, 934 inches. As his pole nears the vertical position Hoff lifts himself over the bar by his arms alone Se b le bi me his in co th Ca Se co me th ro ha Wi on

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June, 1926 One-Man Track Team ¢ The Remarkable Story of a Sickly Boy Who Became the Greatest All- Around Athlete Then, balancing the long, tape-wrapped bamboo pole gracefully, he broke into an easy run that quickened to a swift sprint, planted the pole with nice precision, leaped powerfully, and without apparent effort soared over the bar with a half foot to spare. And then dropped lightly into the sand of the landing box, possessor of a new world record. That was Hoff, the athlete. Asthe big crowd cheered, he jerked the gray sweat shirt over his anette head, shook his long black hair from in front of his eyes, and slipped out of his baggy woolen trousers. The band started to play the stirring Norwegian na- tional hymn and Hoff stood at attention, his long, slim, marvelously de- veloped body displayed to perfection by his scant, silken track togs. That was Hoff, the showman. Graceful, thoroughly at ase, sure of himself, he listened to the cheers with which New York greets a winner. Per- haps as he stood there, sixteen thousand pairs of admiring eves on him, his thoughts wandered back across three thousand miles of ocean and the span of a dozen years to the head of Christiania Fjord, where, white against the pine- wooded hills that rise steeply behind it, stands the ancient Norwegian city of Oslo, which we Americans call Christiania, where a boy, too frail to join in the games of his schoolmates, looked on wistfully as they played. For that boy’s name was Charles Hoff. HE next time I saw Charles Hoff, it was in a pleasant room of the apart- ment of relatives with whom he spent his New York visit; a comfortable, lived- in sort of room with good etchings and a colorful oil landscape on the walls, chairs that invited you to sit down, a violin case in a corner, and a_paper-backed Scandinavian novel lying open on a couch. Nowhere a sign of sport equip- ment; nowhere an indication that one of the world’s greatest athletes used the room. Hoff came in hurriedly. “T am learning to drive a car, and I have been driving on Broadway,” he said with some pride. “It is much harder on the nerves than breaking records.” POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY takes. About Charles Hoff there is nothing of the professional “strong man.” He does not punish the hand of the innocent acquaintance with a bone-crushing grip. The muscles that help to lift his body over the crossbar at unheard-of heights do not bulge the shoulders of a too tight coat. Off the athletic field he is just a tall, loose-jointed youth of twenty-three, with a mane of black hair, eves that seem black one moment and a deep blue the next, and long-fingered hands that might —and do—belong to an artist. Also, a wide and charming smile. He dropped into a chair, crossed his long legs, and used the smile. “You wish me to talk about began in his excellent English. “Charles Hoff,” I said. >” he OFF laughed. “But which Charles Hoff?” he demanded. “There are several. [am what you Americans call a jack-of-all-trades. But mostly I am a journalist—a sports writer and cartoonist. That is my profession.” He pointed to a portable typewriter on a table. “Even here in America [ work at it.” “But,” L objected, “vou were an athlete before you were a journalist.” “But not a very prominent athlete.” replied Hoff. “When I was a small boy, I longed to run and jump and use my As in athletics, this young Nor- wegian makes a success of every- thing he under- He is a journalist, nov- elitet., musician—and since he has come to America he has also mastered the Charleston 25 artist, Hoff’s ability as an all-around track and field performer is hardly less mar- velous than his skill as a pole vaulter. Many believe he can defeat any man in the world in an all-around test body as other boys did, but my health was poor, and [ could not do as they did. So I just envied them.. Then, when I was about thirteen, I grew stronger, and began to imitate them. I became interested in running, and it was as a middle-distance runner that I started my career while a student at Oslo University. I tried other events, too— jumping and hurdling, every- thing but pole vaulting. Always I have enjoyed trying to do various things. I even tried to be an actor after I had been graduated from the university, and ap- peared in a dancing act in a theater in Oslo. But in that I was not too serious— it was a lark. Dancing is fun always—I have learned your Charleston.” He un- coiled his long body from his chair and demonstrated that he had. Shades of Henrik Ibsen and Bjérnstjerne Bjérnson and the other gloomy geniuses of the land of the midnight sun! Here was a Norwe- gian who could not be accused of taking life too seriously. | ite Hoff'’s eves were earnest when he sat down again. “In other things I have been more serious,” he continued, “I have written a novel—a fantastic romance—and on that [ worked hard. Perhaps some day it will be translated into English, so I will not tell you now (Continued on page 122)

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26

Control Insures Greater Safety Charles Adler, inventor, inspecting his magnetic control that automatically slows up speeding cars approaching dangerous spots in the road to Charles Adler of Baltimore, Md., one evening as he sat by his laboratory window and waiched the twinkling lights of the commuters’ trains flashing by in the railroad yards far below. He contrasted their orderly, methodical operation with the helter-skelter rush of the home-going automobiles on the road that crossed the railroad tracks at the end of the vard. “Why not,” he thought to himself, “apply a little signal engineering to the problem of preventing auto accidents at grade crossings? Surely there must be some way to keep the reckless driver from committing suicide—force him to drive carefully whether he wants to or not.” The idea made a deep impression, and Mr. Adler set to work to solve the prob- lem. After considerable experimenting, he has invented a system that auto- matically slows down the fast-driven car as it approaches the railroad crossing. No matter how hard the driver steps on the throttle, the car will not travel at a speed greater than fifteen miles an hour until it has passed the crossing. A NOVEL and fascinating idea came

HE little device that turns reckless drivers into careful ones in such peremptory fashion consists, essentially, of a powerful magnet concealed in a con- crete box buried beneath the surface of the roadway at proper distance from the railroad crossing. As the approaching car passes over the magnet, it operates a small relay fitted in a metal box on the front axle of the car a few inches above the ground. The pull of the magnet momentarily opens a normally closed contact which is connected in series with the automobile battery and the coils of the selective relay placed in another box under the hood of the car. The selective relay consists of two coils mounted on opposite sides of a pendulum which serves as the common armature for the two coils. Attached to one side of this pendulum-armature is a contact that closes when the armature is attracted to POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY MAGNETS

June, 1926 [t Controls Speeders Magnetic Device Automat- ically Reduces Speed to Safe Limits at Grade Crossings (CONTROL MAGNETS { » eo 5 Mey is ¢ ee Pry a How the device works on a road with a treach- erous grade crossing. Note control magnets

‘ahs <.% é MNS Nyt a By - Ani aa eet oe SS Le Me os boil, CR

one of the coils and

opens when the ar- mature swings to “lh the other coil. When closed, this contact ~ eee again forms the DISTRIBUTOR normal path of the current that oper- ates the ignition of the car; and when ee IGNITION STANDARD BATTERY

it is opened by the

pull of the magnet buried in the road-

way by way of the

relay on the axle, the ignition current is forced to travel throughanothercon- tact that is attached to a speed governor so built that it will allow current to flow through the ignition system at speeds below fifteen miles an hour but cuts it off when the car is traveling faster than that rate. This action continues until the road magnet at the danger point is reached, when another impulse is received that causes the pendulum-armature to swing back and close its contact, thereby re- storing the ignition circuit to its normal path. The road magnet is made up of flat strips of magnetized steel, placed side by side in the concrete beneath the road surface. And this remarkable invention may help to solve other important traffic problems besides that of the railroad grade crossing. Controlling magnets could be placed at any point where the slow and careful operation of automobiles is necessary for the public safety. Dangerous road intersections, streets on which schools are located, bad curves, and even steep down grades could all be arranged for automatic speed protection. The automatic control of car speed in going down steep and dangerous hills The Construction of the New Safety Device Wiring diagram showing the working parts of the magnetic automo- bile control, and the method of burying the magnet in the roadbed could be effected by an additional attach- ment which would apply the brakes as well as cut off the ignition while passing through the slow-speed zone. CHOOL streets are usually dangerous only during the time when the children are going to or from school and during recess periods. It would be en- tirely practical to use electromagnets buried beneath the road, instead of per- manent magnets, and the current flow through these magnets could be con- trolled by the master clock in the school so that, as the recess bell rang out and the children flocked to the streets, all autos would be compelled to slow down. The same idea could naturally be ap- plied in cases where slow speed is neces- sary in the daytime during certain hours but is not needed late at night or on Sundays.

O YOU suffer from the summer heat? In next month’s issue will be published a helpful article on keep- ing cool in hot weather, prepared from the prize-winning contributions made to our Hot Weather Hints Contest.

June, \ ther ancl have year the | were Ame have door and And N ever star’ whe' men hou: bor tiqu with a ther anti The plec fect rare high harc ther plec part The dani plac com sam neti tran furr The an * real are T whi agin give of ( ther arti ant! N met Wea It si

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—" wee 6S June, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 27 Its a Wise Man Who Knows A Real Antique How skilled workers give new furniture signs of age and wear— They even raise worms to bore holes in new wood—Signs you should look for when you buy—Confessions of a ‘‘distresser’’ Y JOB is faking antiques. It’s part of the game of giving the pub- lic what it wants. In all Europe there aren't enough castles, palaces or ancient houses to hold the antiques that have reached this country in the last ten years. As for American colonials—if all the pieces in the United States at present were genuine, the early American houses would have been crammed to the doors with chairs, tables and chests of drawers. And so would the barns. Nowadays the first thing everyone wants when he starts to furnish a home, whether it be a tiny apart- ment or a twenty-room house, is a genuine, worm- bored, age-stained an- tique, with cracks filled with the dust of centuries. To meet this demand, there are three kinds of antiques generally — sold. There are the genuine old pieces, untouched, in per- fect condition, rich and rare, which command a high price and are seldom hard to dispose of. Then there are the restored pleces made in whole or in part from broken antiques. The missing or too badly damaged parts are re- placed by bits from in- complete articles of the same type by skilful cabi- netmakers who at times transform one article of furniture into another. They make, for instance, an “antique” desk from a teal antique chest. These are really antique, but are not genuine. The third type consists of new furniture which is given an intensive treatment of aging, also known as “distressing,” to give it the appearance of antiques. These, of course, are not antiques, but since there are not enough of the genuine articles, and some people must have antiques, we have to make them. Y PARTICULAR job is “distress- ing” new furniture—banging, ham- Mering and knocking it to give it the Wear of time. This is not so easy a task as itseems, The smallest mistake may make As told to G. B. SEYBoLD all your work useless. In high-class **an- tiques,” such as we carry, you have to satisfy not only the average person but people who go in for furniture as a hobby. They read books and talk with collectors until they know just what signs of age to look for. If our work is to pass muster, it is up to us to supply those signs. The Fine Art of Faking Antiques Putting the marks of age and wear, by filing, denting and staining, on a new library table. Hammering with a mallet or, better still, vigorously banging with a good heavy chain, sometimes produces the effect of extraordinarily rough usage We get brand-new reproductions of ancient furniture direct from the factory. They are all made of good, well-seasoned wood, for with all the labor that has to be put on antiques, it wouldn't pay to experiment with cheap stuff. And we begin our work, We. first. go over every square inch of a piece, wearing it down with a rasp or half-round file to give it the look of a well worn article. Wherever there natu- rally would have been wear, we dig the spots out first with a small hand ax and then with different sizes of files until there are little hollows such as hands or feet would have made. This may not seem important, but it is. A woman looking at a refectory table the other day in our showroom pointed to the stretcher or crosspiece connecting the legs. “Look, Herbert,” she said, showing off her knowledge of antiques, “see the feet marks. You know this piece across here was put on just so people could set their feet on it and keep them off the dirty floor of rushes that they had in those early times. Just see how it is worn!” I was glad that she ap- preciated it. I had spent hours getting that effect. r GIVING an article the appearance of hard wear, however, you have to be careful not to over- do the thing. If you puta nick in the edge of the table on one end, you mustn’t make the mistake of balancing it with anoth- er in a corresponding place at the other end. To get the natural ef- fect of long use, we usually wear down the right arm of a chair more than the left, because the average person leans more on his right elbow than on his left. And we round off corners in just the way persons brushing past them, or grabbing them to move them about, would have rounded them. If there is carving on the table, we make signs of wear just where the table naturally would have been picked up in ordinary usage. Edges and corners of drawers we make round but a bit uneven, as they would have been if pulled in and out for cen- turies. A trifling thing, you may say. But no! One day, recently, a dealer came in to look at a Queen Anne highboy, but he wouldn't take it because the corners of the drawers were all evenly rounded. No one ever uses the bottom drawers of a chest as much as the top ones, he re- marked, quite correctly, and if this were a real antique the top drawer edges would be worn off much more than the bottom. He was too smart, that fellow, but it

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28 shows you cannot be too careful. A tiny point overlooked leads to a big discovery. As part of this aging process, keyholes are enlarged around the locks and hollows put in the backs of chairs with headpieces. Where do we get our ideas for all these steps? We simply watch the way people use furniture now, and then we think up a few extra things that might have hap- pened to it when it was supposed to have been doing duty. For instance, if the piece is supposed to be of the time when men wore swords, and might have scratched tables accidentally with them, we naturally add some sword scratches. Clyde, who works with me, has a good “We tried firing a charge of buckshot into a new secretary to give it the worm-eaten ap- pearance of an antique, but the result wouldn’t fool a child”’ imagination. this corner,” he says, giving a table a bang with a mallet. Then, furniture that must have seen extraordinarily rough usage must be thor- “An iron helmet fell on oughly scarred. For impressive scars, there’s nothing better than a short piece of good heavy chain for beating the piece again and again. The dents it makes are rounded and uneven. A stone tied in a piece of canvas makes realistic scars, too, and an old gas iron picked up in a junk store gives good service for distressing. And of course an antique would not be an antique, if it didn’t have its quota of wormholes. So we put them in. There are many ways to do this. My favorite is a block of wood with heads of fine nails embedded in it and the ends sticking out. From the outside, the worms them- selves couldn't tell the difference be- tween their work and mine, and that’s all we have to worry about with most people. Another tool that we use sometimes has a heavy head covered with spikes, that looks like the clubs you see in pictures of cavemen. A blow with this punctures wood with bigger wormholes than our homemade nail block. Experts say, how- ever, that such “wormholes” are easily detected because they are straight, while worms work in spirals. On elaborately careful jobs they use real worms which are raised for this purpose. This worm raising forms a small industry in Italy. HESE are the usual ways of getting the wormhole effect. But the other day the boss sprang a new one on me. He brought in a B-B gun. “Try this on the French secretary,” he said to me. A new man had told him that in the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY last place he worked they got fine worm- holes with buckshot, so he decided to try it out. So I set the secretary against a wall, took the gun, and fired. But it was a poor idea. The holes made wouldn’t have convinced a child. We had to scrap the secretary. Wormbholes are made only in soft woods, because worms rarely bother hardwood. That’s one reason why it is easier to make Italian and French antiques than English. The French and Italians used soft wood and the English hard. No detail must be overlooked in faking an antique. If a piece was worm-eaten, for instance, and the veneer on the out- side was good, that would tell the whole story. So when a veneered article is sup- posed to be antique, the veneer has to be cracked or split. Often chips are cut out and little bits are glued on like mosaic, as if pieces had been lost and had to be replaced. In large patterns, such as a crotch walnut, quite large pieces can be stuck on. Sometimes burled pieces are trimmed with bandings of straight grain. That gives us a chance to put in extra pieces in the corners. “We had to patch this in the corner, here,’ the boss tells the customer, who is convinced it is old because it had to be mended. When the outside is properly antiqued, the insides of drawers are aged to match by soaking them in water. A lucky thing for us happened to a shipment of antiques that we imported from France not long ago. The drawers had been peppered with fine imitation wormholes, so that the wood looked like cork. The ship struck a heavy storm, and the salt water got into the hold and soaked the furniture. That was all that was needed to give it a finishing touch. We got fancy prices for that shipment. HE drawers in furniture that is sup- posed to be entirely of one kind of expensive hardwood are a real problem. With prices what they are today, no dealer can afford to make antiques in that way. He has to use a combination of better and cheaper grades. And this shows in the drawers. But we get around the difficulty by lining all of the drawers with thin layers of new white oak. “The facings were worn out and we had to replace them,” we explain; and our word is taken. People, after all, like to have the insides of drawers fresh and clean. The wormier and more disreputable the outside, the better; but women don’t like to put their linen in drawers that look stained and splintered. After we finish the furniture, if it is winter, we put it up on the roof for further aging. One winter, with plenty of rain, snow and ice, does the work of cen- turies. Sometimes the furniture is entirely under snow for months. But we.don’t depend entirely on the weather to do our work. After the furniture is brought down from the roof, it is Admiring in the pur- chaser’s home a fine “real antique” created from a new piece by a skilful faker of antiques June, 1926 covered with an acid that turns the wood a lemon-yellow-green. The acid is left on for a week and brings out the grain of the wood in a very light color. With this light base, the painter can get many color effects, to suggest age. When the desired color is obtained, the finer touches such as stains or burns are put on. We make rings supposedly left by glasses on tables where dukes or lords or royalty are declared to have sat, Hot plate marks and burns are also added before the piece is covered with a glaze that takes away all the line divisions in the paint work. The hardware and the upholstery of our “antiques” come in for a great deal of attention. We get special hardware suited to each piece. For some furniture, we have to use special kinds of nails, but if the piece is very old we don’t use nails at all. In fact, most antique furniture is put together with wooden pegs, and one of the first things we do when we get our stock from the factory is to take out the nails and put pegs in their places. S FOR the fabrics used in upholster- ing antiques—that’s a whole story in itself. A salesman told me not long ago how worn-out velvet is made. One way is to weave the material with drop stitches so that there are holes in it. Another is to put good new velvet through a machine the teeth of which pull off the nap unevenly. In either case, the threads aren't cut, so the holes won’t get bigger. For moth holes, drops of acid are em- ployed. A faded look is given to the new fabric by very strong dye. When the wood, the hardware and the upholstery are aged and worn, the piece is a “real antique.” But before sending it out into the showroom, it is dusted. By that, I don’t mean that the dust is wiped off; it is put on. We use rotten stone, a gray pumice stone. Some dealers even “dust” the “repro- ductions”’ of “‘antiques”’ that they them- selves are passing off for real. We sell “reproductions” to those who won't pay the prices of our “real antiques.” They don’t know, of course, that there isn’t any difference. And these fake antiques, are they bought only by the inexperienced? Strange though it may seem, collectors are almost as often deceived by these sham antiques as the veriest amateur! june, 19 Mi bat WO Wo pr We of th pe by

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june, 1926 Square Can Erect New Type By Joun E. LopGe La 9 SEE ene POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Looks Like Brick The attractive small dwell- ing and garage, above, in Wisconsin, give an idea of the possibilities of the new all-steel construction. The brick effect is secured by the application of veneer All Parts Standardized This summer cottage being built on Lake Michigan shows the new stand- ard steel framework ready for the steel panels to be placed in position OT long ago John D. Cole, a farmer living near the town of Mulliken, Mich., decided he needed a new barn. He wanted one that would last a lifetime, one that would be fireproof, lightning- proof and weatherproof—in short, one he wouldn't have to worry about for the rest of his life. Near the farm was a steel bridge more than forty years old. Every time Cole passed over this bridge, he was impressed by the fact that although it had been exposed to all extremes of weather for nearly half a century, it was virtually as good as the day it was built. He determined his new barn should be of steel. So he went to a Chicago bridge construction company and told them his wants. At first they thought he was joking; but finally, convinced of his sin- cerity, they drew plans for his barn, fabricated the steel, and delivered it to the farm. With five other men, Cole set to work bolting the pieces together and riveting walls of sheet steel to the frame- work, In a little more than a month, in midwinter, the steel barn was completed. At once it became famous throughout the countryside. Now, almost daily, visitors arrive at Cole’s farm to inspect and admire his unique new barn. What this farmer did is just a single striking example of a remarkable new development in the construction of small buildings—a development which some architects and contractors predict may revolutionize the building industry by solving the problem of erecting attrac- tive small homes economically. ODAY, in England, modest houses all of steel are meeting the needs of working men of small means. These homes, of very plain design, have fabri- cated steel frames with fireproof walls and roofs of sheet steel. Others are of cast- iron. In the United States. sheet metal garages have been more or less common forsometime. And now, inrecent months, steel barns and steel bungalows have been making their appearance in increasing numbers. In Tarrytown, N. Y., for example, 29 Your Next Home May Be Steel Anyone Who Can Use Wrench, Plumb Line and of Small House Built in a Month Six men assembled this huge frame, above, and completed this new type all-steel barn at Mulliken, Mich., left, in approximately thirty days’ time there has just been completed a novel dwelling in which the entire framework is formed of “metal lumber” riveted in the shop, transported to the site, and there bolted together. Bolt holes in each unit of the frame were punched to register perfectly with the punching in adjoining units, much as the steel for a skyscraper is fabricated. As a result, the builders declare that any person who knows how to use a monkey wrench, plumb line and carpen- ter’s square can easily erect the frame for the house by following the plans. In this particular house the outer walls are of brick veneer. Separated from them by an air space are inner walls of insulating material to which the plaster is applied. OR a somewhat similar home in Toledo, O., the steel frame recently was erected by four mechanics in a little more than three days. The steel, cut to length, was punched on the job with a small hand punch and bolted together. Steel joists, rafters, and metal laths were used throughout in place of wood. These are but two experimental ex- amples of the new method of home building. The (Continued on page 134)

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 1925 HURNING the waters of the Pacific, under the clear skies of early summer, floats a magnificent group of gigantic electrical machines, em- bodying the last word in the most intri- cate science known to man. They are the ships of Uncle Sam’s Battle Fleet— America’s “first line of defense” en- gaged in annual practice maneuvers. Suppose, while these ships are playing at war, a foreign enemy suddenly should swoop down upon them. Can you im- agine what would happen? Of course you can’t. For the ensuing combat would surpass in strange and marvelous horror the most fantastic hu- man imaginings. Within a single decade the decisive factor in naval warfare has passed from skill in seamanship to skill in employing highly sensitive electrical instruments and complicated chemical apparatus. LECTRICAL “voices” that speak incisive commands in secret language across the waves; ingenious “ears” that catch the faintest sound of an approach- ing enemy; smoke shrouds to conceal one foe from another; mechanical “eves” searching beyond the concealing curtain to direct the aim of gunners at invisible targets—these are but a few of the won- derful devices designed to turn the tide of battle. And so naval superiority hinges on the ability of inventors to find ways of pro- tecting a highly organized electrical sys- tem from interference by an enemy from a distance, and, at the same time devise Amazing New Developments In Science of Sea Fighting A Scientist of the Navy Admiral Samuel S. Robinson, commander of our Pacific fleet, distinguished sea fighter and scientist, called the father of the electrically propelled ship. He was the first American naval officer to conceive of an electrical fleet means of penetrating and paralyzing the system of an enemy. It is, then, more than a coincidence that the present commander of our forces afloat should be a scientist of the first in the Hiding the Fleet Destroyers (left) lay down a smoke screen, making the dreadnaughts in the rear in- visible to the enemy, while airplanes above watch the movements of the foe and radio their observations to the fleet commander nearby A Flying Menace This great seaplane swoops down through the smoke screen and dis- charges its torpedo when not more than twelve feet over the surface of the water rank—Admiral Samuel S. Robinson, who is known as “the father of the electrically propelled ship’—the first American na- val officer to conceive an electrical fleet. Some idea of the tremendous part elec- tricity will play in “the next war’ at sea may be gained from the fact that if any one of the nine dreadnaughts in Uncle Sam’s Battle Fleet should connect. its electrical mains to those of a city the size of Boston, it could supply the entire populace with the normal amount of cur- rent for light and heat. And, in addition, it could run all the city’s industries and transportation lines! Imagine yourself, in some future war, aboard one of these great fighting units as a hostile fleet approaches. The staccato “dit-dah” of the radio code suddenly flashes out the signal of “enemy contact.” At once the entire fleet is electrified into motion. Light cruisers, singly and in divisions, rush past dreadnaughts, some taking station to sweep up enemy de- stroyers, others seeming to retire. Circles of charging destroyers form as if by magi¢ far on the flanks. June beg sme stat flee top sea hur figh fro! cat let dir fro aer ga dir clo ma the the mé Wi tw ch sit do ric pa ph an su ti W pl

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19% n- le 1e id 'y who ‘ally na- leet. lec- sea any ncle its size tire cur- jon, and war, $ as cato only ct.” into | in ome de- cles agic June, 1926 Next War By G. K. SPENCER Almost simultaneously the bright day begins to turn into dusk. Clouds of smoke appear on the port bows, spread to starboard bows, and soon envelop the feet. Officers and men in the fighting tops scan the sea above this smoke pall, searching for signs of the enemy. Now from the rear of our fleet comes a humming noise that grows into a roar as fighting planes by squadrons take off from the decks of aircraft carriers or are catapulted from battleships. The terrific battle is on. Dreadnaughts let loose their big guns at unseen foes, directed in their fire by radio signals fom the flying “eves” above. These aerial observers themselves now are en- gaged with enemy combat planes. Now and again an enemy air squadron dips into the smoke fog, swooping down close to the fighting tops with spitting machine guns. The “tops” reply with their own machine guns, pouring lead at the hazy shapes as they dash by. By this time every man wears a gas mask, for the smoke screens are charged with poison gases. ORPEDO planes, whose missiles must be delivered from a height only twelve feet above the surface of the sea, charge close in with protective planes smoking to conceal them. Our gunners do not fire directly upon them, but ricochet a shell into the water along the path of the attacker. As the shell ex- plodes, a terrific gevser upsets the plane and dashes it into the sea, Meanwhile aerial and destroyer scouts, supported by the fast moving light cruisers, radio constant reports. The sun goes down, but the battle con- tinues. To the “eves” of the fleet, night isas day. Parachute flares flood the sea with light for observers in the scout planes. The powerful searchlights of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 31 battleships illuminate the sky above. And in this field of light lurk defensive planes, ready to engage enemy aircraft. So, through day and night, the battle goes on, and victory rewards the fleet which keeps its “nerves” of communica- tion unshattered while making the more ingenious use of the devices of scientific warfare. While it is probably true that most of the new science of naval war has been brought about by the introduction of air forces, it is equally true that the success of these very forces depends almost en- tirely on applications of electricity. Radio, of course, is the outstanding ex- ample. In past wars, a fleet has been able to “jam” its opponent’s radio system with interference. Today the radio of Uncle Sam’s forces afloat cannot be jammed. Special “selector-rejector” de- vices on every vessel weed out interfer- ence. Again, in time of war, the radio amateur ashore will be surprised to find that where formerly he could hear the radios of the ships, now he cannot At Home on Sea or Shore This amazing amphibious tank, launched from a submarine, car- ries a landing party over the water and can climb up on the shore, always under its own power hear one signal from them whenever they put to sea. And yet their radio activity is increased tremen- dously. Communication between ships and air forces is carried on in code with extremely low-powered radio apparatus. In action, the entire fate of the warships and planes rests on the skill and accuracy of radio operators. Of vital importance, too, is the electri- cal listening apparatus mounted in the hulls of all submarines, destroyers, light cruisers and battleships. With amazing accuracy, these devices not only detect the distance of another ship, but give in- formation from which the type of the ship can be determined. They make it comparatively easy for scouting planes to pick up an enemy fleet, even at night. SIDE from invention in electricity, perhaps the most important prob- lem which navy experts are tackling is that of finding a way by which air forces or ships can dispel an enemy’s smoke and gas screens. The tremendous advantage of such an invention in “the next war” is obvious. Experiments thus far have succeeded in settling fogs some distance in advance of ships, but the application of the method to use by air forces will also come. Meanwhile inventors are at work devising means of protect- ing crews below deck against poison gas. One possible solu- tion is the attachment of huge gas masks to the intakes of the ships’ ventilating systems. The development of an air- plane motor which can be si- lenced, and the invention of a listening device to catch the noises of approaching aircraft, are other subjects of experiment. These are but a few of the in- ventions which are being pre- pared for the naval engagement of the future. Certain it is that if that ‘next naval battle” ever Smoke screens—great clouds hanging low on the waters—are used to hide movements of aircraft as well as ships. These seaplanes are ready to attack on signal from the scouting planes flying high above them comes, it will be a struggle un- equaled for its wonders!

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32 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 1926 Joys of a Pup’s Life i» What Well-Dressed Dogs Wear RECENTLY published story of a New York woman who spends $4,000 a year on her pet dog disclosed an amazing num- ber of accessories used to keep pampered pets well dressed. Spats, watches, overshoes and fur coats adorn fashionable animals. And some even have their hair dressed in the beauty parlor. They Go to Beauty Parlors Too Beauty parlors for dogs are said to be doing good business. ‘‘Smarty,’’ the little wire-haired terrier, above, is being dried after a shampoo They Even Wear Spats The Boston terrier, above, may not care particularly for the two-button spats his owner is putting on him, but they’re the latest from Paris and he must have them. Watches, too, are decreed by dog fashions, and so the pup below, exhibited recently at a dog show, wore a nice gold one ticking away on his collar $4,000 a Year on a Dog Mrs. Sidney Williams of New York, who with her husband spends $27,000 on five dogs, may be seen above. In one hand she is holding her favorite $4,000-a-year midget black and tan, while in the other she has one of its expensive evening dresses. Wet feet and a sore throat are just as Piled abott her are pe pe ; bad for a dog as for its owner, so the other bits of the Pn x Hh.) 3 French bulldog above is protected with tiny dog’s wardrobe special overshoes and a warm fur collar He Wears Overshoes In the Dog’s Haberdashery Below are the latest Paris styles for his ‘‘dog- ship.”’ Note the raincoat of Russian leather on the model in the center of the fine display Getting a Wave Straight hair is out of style in dogdom. The permanent wave is all the fashion. Above is a well-groomed, English prize-winning poodle with his long hair in curls; and (left) a $1,500 Pekingese getting a per- manent from ae dog beauty expert, whose fee must be a very tidy sum

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19% june, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

Can YOU Solve By Sam Loyp

337 My Most Tempting Puzzles ‘Them? “wv P pwr : Sk Ri

This is the second of two jascinat- ing articles by the world’s greatest puzzle expert. The solutions to the Sam Loyd puzzles presented last month appear on page 127 of this issue. Solutions to the prob- lems on these pages will be given in our July issue. N EXPLANATION of the fascination that recrea- tional puzzles possess for so many of us is found in that dominant characteristic of the human animal—curiosity. Hu- man nature is ever inquisitive, and flares with interest when | confronted by a mystery. A puzzle is a direct if jovial 00 challenge to this fundamental

toi attribute of our being. ‘You ws oing 5S : a! a

“"AHIS business gets more puzzling every day,” complained the Florida real estate agent. “Take, for example, these eight building plots, which are so laid out that each owner will have his own individual fence around his property. Now the Plots are of uniform size, the width of each being three quarters of its length. I sold the plots for $1,200 apiece with the understanding that the Cight owners should pay me for the inner shaded Section at the same rate a square foot that I re- ceived for the plots. What I must figure out is the amount of my bill for that little park in the center of the plot pictured. Perhaps you can help me?”

The Poultryman’s Route IN THIS little community of nine cottages, the man who dwells in the house marked A keeps chickens and supplies eggs to each of his eight neighbors. The lines on the map show his daily route, the final customer occupying cottage B. Thus, six straight strolls carry the poultryman over his route. Now it is possible for him to cover his route, starting from A, visiting all houses and mak- ing B his last stop in less than six straight moves. How many less? What is your best suggestion? his infirmities with a stick, the Sphinx acknowledged defeat and dashed her head against a rock. Those of you who have been following the progress of John and Mary Newlywed in the ingenious prize contest series that has been running in PopuLAR SCIENCE MonTHLY undoubtedly will be interested Matching Wits with Matches YOO MMOH

RRANGE fifteen matches, pins or toothpicks in three clusters of three, four and eight, as above. Then challenge a friend to a little game, the object of which is to see who will be compelled to take the last match. You play by turns, each of you taking away as many matches as you wish from any one pile at each move, continuing until one of you takes the last match—and loses. For example, you take three from the first pile, your opponent takes four from the last pile, you take three, your opponent takes four—and you lose. The player who has the first move should always win, but how should he make the first play in the game to do so?

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34 in knowing that the first prize puzzle contest of record was conducted by Samson, mighty man of the Bible. Thirty sheets and thirty changes of garments were offered for the correct solution of his riddle. which was: “QOut of the eater came forth meat, and out of the strong came forth sweetness.” The answer was: A honeycomb in the body of a dead lion.” There is another ancient riddle ascribed to Cleobulus. one of the seven wise men of Greece, which is said to have been composed about 705 B.c. It was: “There is a father with twice six sons; these sons have thirty daughters apiece, _ parti-col- ored, having one cheek white and the other black. who never see each other’s faces. nor live above twenty-four hours.” HE answer was. of course. “the year.” In their naive lack of subtlety, these ancient problems give evidence that puzzling, like every other form of human endeavor, has advanced with the march of time. Then we have as a forerunner of the modern mechanical puzzle the famous Gordian knot. When Gordius, a farmer, became king of Phrygia. he: tied up his implements of agriculture in such a com- plicated fashion that nobody could un- tangle them. The oracles proclaimed that whoever succeeded in untying the knot should become emperor of all Asia. Alexander the Great, after many inef- fectual attempts, at last became so en- raged because he was proving himself such a poor sort of puzzler that he drew his sword and cut the knot. The peoples of the East are prover- bially noted for their skill in puzzles and mystery. The puzzle game of tangrams has been virtually a national pastime in China for a few thousand vears. This consists of seven flat pieces of wood cut from a square upon the geometrical angles of forty-five and ninety degrees, the pieces permitting of the construction of an endless variety of odd figures. We may construct our puzzles with This One Can’t Be Done HERE'S a puzzle that looks easy, and seems to be easy when you try it, but yet has no fair solution. It is known as the ‘‘ Five Brick Puzzle.” The idea is to copy the design by drawing three separate continuous lines that do not cross one another at any point. Why is this puzzle impos- sible of solution? How did Sam Loyd invent a ‘“‘solution’” to this puzzle by tricky paper folding? RANDMA had invited com- pany for Sunday dinner, so she had baked an exceptionally large apple pie. But when her son John unexpectedly arrived with his family, and her daugh- ter Alice with hers, Grandma’s guests were far too many to be supplied even by so large a pie divided in the ordinary way. So Grandma had to devise a new POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Ys Y bu: Wed How Did Grandma Cut the Pie? very ingenious though it more ingenuity than did the ancients, but apparently puzzles were taken a great deal more seriously in olden times, for Plutarch tells us that Homer died of chagrin over his failure to guess a riddle. And whether some of these stories of ancient puzzling be historical fact or legend, there is comfort for the modern brotherhood of puzzlers in knowing that their favorite pastime engaged the serious attention of the famous men of old. HAVE learned a great deal about puz- zles and puzzle addicts in the half century or so that I have been a profes- sional constructor of puzzles. One fact that has been brought home to me in the many hundreds of puzzle contests I have conducted is that in the ranks of puzzle- dom the female of the species outnumbers the male probably two to one. The reason may be that women have more time for recreation. Then again it may be due to their possession of curiosity to a greater degree. It is another interesting fact that in the smaller communities, where the sterner realities of life are less pressing, a higher percentage of puzzle solvers exists than in the crowded centers. One group of the army of people who make puzzling a part of life’s scheme— the invalids, the convalescents, and the other shut-ins—form a battalion in them- selves. It makes the puzzle man feel that he has done something more impor- tant than provide mere entertainment, when he encounters in his mail the many letters that come from the afflicted. They are the ones who fully appreciate the solace and balm that puzzle solving offers. HE extent of a puzzle maker’s cor- respondence is astonishing. In a series of contests I conducted: not long ago for a magazine, I received an average of 50,000 letters a month. In a boys’ and girls’ contest I conducted for a chain of stores in one of the large cities of the East last year, more than 40,000 came to the shops with their answers. These are flood-tide marks, but the multitude of way of cutting a pie that was because, required only six straight cuts of a knife, it gave large pieces for the grown folks and small ones for the children. Moreover, although she didn’t realize it, Grandma cut her pie into the largest number of pieces possible with six straight cuts. How many pieces were there? June, 1926 people with whom I have been in correspondence would form an army larger than that mustered by any nation in the World War. OMETIMES intensely humorous developments come under the notice of the “puzzle man.”” One source has been, and is, puzzle hoaxes— puzzles that look easy, possess the lure that coaxes people to try them, but which cannot be solved. Such a puzzle is the “Five Brick Puzzle” shown on this page. This crops up every few years. An unsuspecting newspaper editor, intrigued by it himself, offers it to his read- Then, when the time comes to respond to insistent demands for the solution, the editor discovers that there isn’t a man on his staff who can solve it. He stalls for a few days, hoping against hope that some bright mind in the edi- torial family will come to the rescue. Then he calls for help. This letter, from the editor of a Cleveland paper, is typical of dozens I have received in the last twenty years about this unsolv- able puzzle: Dear Mr. Loyd: Herewith I enclose a puzzle which since its publication in The .......... has greatly excited thousands in this town who have failed to solve it. Will you please tell me if the puzzle can be solved, and if so what the solution is? al- ers. In this case the situation was worse than the editor had confessed, for the newspaper had offered a large prize for the solution, and people were storming the office in droves. Fortunately, I was able to work out a solution to this un- solvable puzzle by employing a tricky method of paper folding. This satisfied the stampeding puzzle fans, and the riot subsided. GAIN, a Montreal newspaper pub- lished my “ Pie Puzzle,”’ which is re- produced above, but when the time came to give the solution, printed an explana- tion but no diagram. The result was that the office was besieged by indignant housewives, who complained that they had spoiled many pies attempting to cut them according to directions. Why it did not occur to (Continued on page 126) What Is Maggie’s Age? of OW fast those children grow!’’remarked Grandpa. “Tommy is now twice as old as Maggie was when Tommy was six years older than Maggie is now, and when Maggie is six years older than Tommy is now their combined ages will equal their mother’s age then, although she is now but forty:six.”” How old is Maggie? Jur

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e, 1926 been form that in the isely Lents f the ‘e has xes— ISSESS le to ot be s the vnon very cting sd by read- time stent , the isn’t » can . few that - edi- > the help. land eived solv- vhich ‘this Will in be 1 is? vorse > the e for ming was ; un- ricky isfied - riot pub- is Te- came lana- was nant thev » cut iv it 126) June, 1926 The Creator of a Real Fairy Palace Sir Nevile Wilkinson, who spent twenty years building ‘‘Titania’s Palace,” the world’s most wonderful miniature structure, soon to begin a journey around the globe, explaining the beauties of the Fairy Queen’s house, seen at right of picture By CLairR PRICE N A beech woods near Dublin, Ireland, a toddling baby girl saw a shadowy creature whisk down the trunk of an old tree and disap- pear into its gnarled roots. She told her art- ist-father, who sat at his easel near by, that she had seen one of the fair- ies. Her father gravely explained that the fairies’ palace was nestled be- neath the roots of the old beech. The child’s eyes opened wide with excitement. Then her father went on to tell her that, al- though the fairies’ palace was very near, neither of them could see it; no mortal eyes ever had seen it. This saddened the child. It sad- dened the father, too; so much so, that he determined then and there to build a fairies’ palace not only for his own little girl, but for all the children of the world. HAT was in the summer of 1906. For twenty years, in his workshop, Sir Nevile Wilkinson has spent every spare hour designing, constructing and furnish- ing the most wonderful miniature palace ever built. He is still at the task, collect- ing and adding tiny furnishings rich and exquisite in workmanship to the home of Titania, Queen of the Fairies. Four years ago the fairy palace was formally opened in London by the Queen of England. Since then 200,000 children ave seen it and have given the fairy A Charming Apartment for Any Queen This is the Fairy Queen’s bedroom in ‘‘Titania’s Palace.” bed, ten inches high, has five golden pillars inlaid with ivory. broidered the fairy rulers’ symbols. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY es queen their pennies, amounting to more than $20,000, to aid crippled and .un- fortunate children. And now, probably this month, the re- markable piece of tinycraft comes to the United States on its first round-the-world tour. Stopping at the Philadelphia Ses- quicentennial exposition, it will go later to New York, Boston, Denver, Los An- geles, Wellington, Sydney, Melbourne, and back to London by way of Paris. As this is written, the palace is being packed into heavily padded cases for its journey to Philadelphia. Sir Nevile has built it in eight sections so that it can be taken apart. The shipment weighs almost four tons. Imagine a complete palace occupying the space of a billiard table, with a central courtyard in which tiny electric bulbs The marvelous canopied On its canopy are em- The mantel, wardrobe, chairs and dresser are all rep- licas of period furniture. The complete palace occupies just the space of a billiard table 35 Masterpiece of linycraft The Wonderful Fairy Palace an Irish Knight Built An Artistic Gem Above: The chapel of ‘Ti- tania’s Palace,’’ a room of breathless delight, adorned with real paintings, mosaics and exquisite marbles. The alter of pure Carrara merble is a masterpiece of carving sparkle and a tiny foun- tain plays; imagine the palace resting on a low draped base so a child may look straight into its luxurious rooms, filled with tiny furnishings, glass, and china, and vou will have some idea of Sir Nevile’s creation. Its total height is only twenty-seven inches. Its architecture is fantastic, but its materials are all real. There is no imita- tion work anywhere. If for just a moment you can imagine vourself no bigger than your own thumb, you may enter its lofty hall and cross the checkered marble pavement. Just inside the main entrance you will see a cannon about half as long as your little finger. and a row of polished spears and a miniature Armada chest against a marble wall. -.. the throne room, you find that the pearl and peacock throne is not yet in place. The mother-of-pearl dais, however, the rainbow colored carpet and the ornate silver grilles about the doorway into the hall of the Fairy Kiss are there. The hall of the Fairy Kiss is perhaps the most remarkable room in the palace. A dancing fawn from Florence stands poised beneath (Continued on page 109)

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36 ta i] {| ; | | i bi) ‘ i F I can keep thinking that a plan is like a road map, as you say, perhaps I can understand,” observed Grace, asthe architect began to explain how to read a blueprint and use a scale rule AL and Grace felt quite awed as Ernest Milton, elderly and dis- tinguished architect, led them into the sanctum of his inner office. “T guess we ought not to take up your time, Mr. Milton,” began the young man apologetically. “You do a lot of big work, and Grace and [ are just figuring on a little house—how to get the plans for it, and—” “You're welcome to my time, my boy,” broke in the architect with a smile. “Don’t I know your folks from away back? Any useful information I may have is yours. Now shoot the questions, both of you.” * Please teil us first what an architect is for,” suggested Grace, who had recovered composure under the host’s geniality. “Well.” said Milton thoughtfully, “let's say an architect is like a tailor who makes a suit to measure: he fits his client exactly. The stock house plan and the ready-made suit are on a par. They're likely to be loose here and tight there, rarely a perfect fit. Of course, you can alter either with more or less success. “But, the architect's plan has the vir- tue of being original and unique, not a duplicate. Copies are generally inferior in some way. Also, the architect super- vises the construction of the house— which is very important, since few owners have time or knowledge to check up on building details.” “What does a good architect charge?” asked Hal. “H® fee is five to ten percent of the cost of the house. He may save the owner that fee by his knowledge of materials and by getting a low bid from a reliable contractor. He knows the markets and ways of economy. He does plenty to earn his fee. “First he turns out,a number of pre- liminary sketches until the client is satis- POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 1926 lat am Architect Does for You Why It Pays to Have Your Home Patterned to Measure—How to Read Building Plans fied. Then he makes the finished plans, sees to the awarding of the contract, bosses the job at every stage from cellar to chimney top, and at proper intervals signs the warrants by which the mason, the’carpenter and others get paid for their work. He is the owner’s agent and gen- eral overseer. He orders bad work torn out and replaced by good. He sees that the specifications are lived up to, includ- ing the size of electrical wiring and the order against dumping cellar subsoil on the front lawn.” “Ts an architect always honest?” was Grace’s innocent inquiry. * At least he has the professional man’s reputation and code of ethics to support him,” said Mr. Milton, smilingly. “He sometimes is tempted by unscrupulous salesmen of building materials, but an architect has no right to take a penny from anyone except the owner, and then N THIS article, the fourth of an unusually valuable se- ries, a nationally recognized authority on home building and home ownership answers :| in detail one of the important problems that confront every prospective householder. Next month Mr. McMahon will tell, in the same entertaining way, the secrets of keeping your home in first class condition after you get it. Remember that Mr. McMahon is at your service, and will be glad to answer your letters addressed to him in care of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY,250 Fourth avenue, New York City. by Joun R. McManuon merely the fee first agreed on. *Lregret to say there are some crooks in the profession, despite the safeguards of state licensing, ethical traditions and all. Aside from downright crookedness, the public is partly responsible for lowering of architectural stand- ards. Owners themselves de- mand a lot of shoddy behind for the sake of a fancy front. Like the woman who asked me to take $100 of needed value from a house and put it into a line of shrubbery. ‘Today there is a vogue for cellarless houses, and the architect who does not cater to it, regardless of -his judgment, may be hard put.” “Would you advise us to have an architect at all, Mr. Milton?” asked the future mistress of the home. “Young woman, you tempt me to treason to my profession. Let's see. A six-room house will do you? I thought so. In that case, you may be able to build a satisfactory house from stock plans if you are careful to pick a very reliable builder. “Be quite certain that your plans are right, though, before you start to build, for cheap stock plans are often terrible misfits. I tried to revise a set once, and I couldn’t make the parts jibe at all. It seemed a mystery, until I found that the second story was three feet wider than the first. I know a carpenter who built the lower half of a house from stock plans without looking at the blueprints for the upper half. He discovered there was no room above for his staircase. It is a good thing to make sure that your drawings will work out.” “Where can we get good ready-made plans?” asked Hal. RY the local lumberyard for a starter. They'll show you some- thing and tell you where to get more. Some of the national lumber associations issue plans, and so do the national brick manufacturers and the portland cement people, each outfit naturally exploiting its own line of material. Of course, it is hetter to have designs specially adapted for wood, brick, hollow tile or concrete, as the case may be. You can further look into the plans of the various archi- tectural bureaus, which offer a sort of professional coéperative service in ready- made designs, and may even supply you with building supervision through an affiliated local architect. All these people issue books showing house sketches with floor plans, from which you can order your blueprints with specifications. It isa valuable feature, not always provided, to have a full and accurate bill of mate-

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1926 ed N§ On, ome pite ‘ing, side the for und- de- l for Like take na e of is a and ater ent, lave sked » to : a ight uild is if able are uld, “ible ud I It the han yuilt lans the Ss no roo ings rade ra yme- ore. ions rick nent iting it is pted rete, ther rchi- t of ady- you | an “ople with yrder It ded, 1ate-

June, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 37

rials with the plans and speci- fcations. This tells every stick of lumber and every prick needed for the job, which prevents waste and makes it easy to estimate cost of materials.” “How expensive are the ready-made plans, Mr. Mil- ton?” was Grace's next ques- tion. —

“QOME of the national as- | sociations practically give them away,” replied the architect, playing with a tri- angle ruler on his desk. “Say five dollars for a set of blue- prints and specifications, with an extra set at half the

-H-MESSINGER- FISHER- -ARCHITECT— -MONTCLAIR- N-U-

price. Good thing for the owner to keep a clean set while the builder musses up the other. Look, here’s a circular. It says, ‘Reversed blueprints only — two-fifty.’ Useful to remember that designs can be reversed. In this case you're told to get the two kinds, since the regular set can be read easily for estimating and the re- versed set is used for laying out the build- ing. Certainly these are rock-bottom prices. Another concern that specializes in plans asks an average of fifteen dollars for a double set of prints, while one of the service bureaus that I mentioned wants about twice as much and doubtless gives value in its extra service.” “Guess we won't go broke buying plans when they sell like theater tickets,” said Hal, grinning. “But Vd like to know how many of these blueprints a customer is supposed to get for his money.” “There should be half a dozen sheets or designs at least,” replied the architect.

} “It’s a bargain with me.” said the architect. “Of course I can’t answer for—” “Well, we've already looked over quite a few plans. And I pretended I under- stood them, saying this and that was nice. But, honestly, they looked to me about likea Chineselaundry ticket.”

ts Y DEAR young lady,” said the older man, selecting a typical blue- print and spreading it on the desk before them, “you're no worse off than a lot of people, ~=" =| | jneluding some builders in country districts. Now a plan is just a drawing in the flat, that is, you see a floor as if

The architect’s perspective drawing of an attractive seven-room home, built in Montclair, N. J., for about $12,000. The cost of construction, of course, would vary according to locality. The floor plans are shown below “That allows for two floor plans, first and second, and for the four outer sides of the house, which we call elevations—as front elevation, rear elevation and so on. If there is a cellar, that should have its de- sign, showing the location of furnace, coal bin, stairs and such. Where the roof is complicated with hips and dormers in- stead of being a simple peak, it requires a separate drawing. For houses embodying elaborate or unusual features, there may be a sheet of details, giving a close-up of the front entrance, the fireplace, interior trim, or whatever special part needs explanation.”

“JF WANT to confess something. Mr. Milton,” announced Grace, “if you and Hal will promise not to laugh.” vou looked down at it from above. With a front or other outside view or elevation, you hold the plan at right angles to your eyes just as if you ,stood before the building. When vou re motoring, sometimes you look at the road map? That is very much like the house plan, done in the flat, with marks or symbols explained in the mar- gin. ‘*“Now a road map is drawn to scale, perhaps showing a mile to the inch. Same with a house plan, only the scale is larger. Suppose a house plan is marked like this—” (The architect drew: %”=1’) “That means that one half inch equals one foot on the blueprint. <A ruler laid on the floor drawing shows the house width is thirteen inches, or twenty -six feet. Put the ruler on the front elevation and vou see that the height of the house, from grade line to eaves, is eleven inches, or twenty-two (Continued on page 132) ee

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FIRST FLOOR PLAN

Here are the first and second floor plans for the home pictured at the top of the page. The reading of plans such as these is simplified if, while you study them, you try to visualize the rooms in perspective,

as in the accompanying drawings, with walls, partitions, windows, furniture, and other details placed as they will be in the completed house. If you have the ability to sketch them thus, so much the better

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% a POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY New English Invention to Recover Oil from Water H. J. Holford, English inventor, demonstrating his dehydrator for separating oil from water. In the tank beside him is water freed of oil by his new process, in which goldfish may be seen swimming. His device, installed on a ship, will recover fuel oil from water pumped in for ballast Scientific knowledge is developing and broadening every day. New dis- coveries are crowding out older ideas. The man who would be well-informed of this progress must keep constantly in touch with what is happening in the world of science. On these pages POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY endeavors each month to supply in brief the in- formation to enable him todo so. American Finds New Element Pr | AHE honor of the first discovery in the United States of an element, one of the ninety-two fundamental substances that make up everything on earth, falls to Professor B. S. Hopkins of the University of Illinois, who has named it illinium after his state. It is one of a group of rare earths, and may exist in small quantities in gas mantles. Its discovery leaves but two elements to be identified. At present there are apparent no great commercial possibilities for illinium, but when the element helium was discovered it was generally believed worthless. ‘Today it is very valuable for inflating airships. No one can tell what the future holds for illintum. Predicts World Food Shortage HE world is facing a food shortage. In the next century it may be acute unless new sources and more efficient methods of production and preservation are found soon. Such is the warning of br. Samuel C. Prescott, head of the biology department, Massachusetts In- stitute of Technology. Our consumption of meat is so great that even in our time it may be neces- sary to seek new sources in the arctic regions or in tropical countries where agriculture is not profitable. But this will be only temporary relief, and after another hundred years human food will consist principally of bananas, soy beans, fish and corn. We all eat too much, any- way, we are told by medical authorities. June, 1926 Keeping Abreast of Science American Isolates a New Element —Other Notable Discoveries scientists, Dr. R. O. Herzog and Dr, G. Kunike, of Berlin, claim they have made it. Sea shells, wasps, beetles, locusts, and grasshoppers, they explain, contain a substance called chitin, which can be turned into a gelatine mass, and worked into a thin film, or forced through tiny holes to make threads. The latter are very fine in texture but strong enough to be woven into cloth. This is only one of the many ways science is turning apparently — useless waste into useful and artistic articles. Asthma Cured by Russian HERE is good news for asthma suf- ferers in reports of numerous cures by Dr. R. Gassul, of the State Institute of Roentgenology and Radiology, Lenin- grad, Russia. Asthma, according to Dr. Gassul, is caused by convulsions in the lobules of our breathing tubes which come in contact with the blood. These convul- sions are the result of poisons in the blood reacting to irritants such as dust. Dr. Gassul's idea is to get rid of these poisons by recruiting fighters in the blood to attack them. The spleen is the breed- ing ground for these fighters, and Dr. Will Get Power from the Sea HE world’s industrial power of the future may be drawn from the heat of warm sea water. Al- ready some German scien- tists think they have found a way to utilize this latent energy, according to a cablegram received _re- cently by the American Chemical Society. The warm sea water will, they assert, evap- orate carbon dioxide, or ammonia, and the pres- sure thus obtained can be used in steam turbines to produce tremendous elec- tric power. The announcement is of special interest to the United States. Our great seacoast is capable of supplying power for the rest of the world. New Source of Artificial Silk RTIFICIAL silk from sea shells and én the claws, feelers and heads of wasps, beetles, locusts and grasshop- pers! It sounds incred- ible. But two German An Iceless Cooler for Science Work Shown above is a new apparatus for keeping liquids 2¢ an even cold for scientific purposes, being tested by F. W. Keyes of the Colum- bia medical school, New York City. It consists of an iceless refrig- erator and a regulator devised by Harold F. Pierce of Columbia June, ae. es - VM AE sakes th ee BE Gas elec to | frec mel dep spl Ca: sen eve effe evi

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“d es ite n- dr. he ne od ‘se od cd - dr. Id ig- ia June, 1926 Se eee POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Call 39 Miniature Solar System Reproduces Movements of Sun, Earth and Moon This wonderful new machine shows all the movements of our solar system. It was recently constructed by Diego Arzic, a Chicago mechanical engineer, who stands beside it. It is made of steel and is mounted on a steel platform nine feet across. Regulated by a clock set to standard time, it reproduces the revolution of the earth around sun, rotation Gassul claims that by stimulating it with electricity he can muster enough fighters to drive out the asthma. Special high- frequency current is used, and the treat- ment takes from three to six months, depending upon the condition of the spleen when the treatment begins. While further reports of cures by Dr. Gassul’s method are awaited, people with sensitive breathing tubes, and, in fact, everyone should be on guard against the efeets of dust, which is one of the chief evils of big cities. Athletics Do Not Hasten Death THLETIC sports don’t lessen a man’s chances of living long any more than study does. That is what statistics of the class of 1875 of Princeton University indicate. Of the twenty members who were on football, baseball, track, and gym teams or crews, ten are still living, each more than 70 years old. Football, the most strenuous of all sports, strangely has the best record of all—five out of nine men who played it are alive. Of the ten men who stood high in their classes, six sur- Vive, The same conclusion is reached by Dr. Burgess Gordon, of Boston, after examining Marathon runners. He failed to find the “athletic heart,” the much- lalked-of bane of athletics. Instead, he found that the heart, instead of swelling tom hard exercise, actually shrank, and that prolonged training did not result in machine. any enlargement. Men who strive for honors in sports need, then, it seems, have no fear of heart strain or a short life. An Easy Way to Get Thin NEW way to get thin, discovered by Dr. G. Leven, of the Therapeutic Society of Paris, will interest stout people who dread the approach of summer. It involves no medicine or strenuous exer- cise. In fact, the treatment may be taken in bed. All that is necessary, besides following an easy non-fattening diet, is to inhale very little air and to breathe out hard. The usual dose is five exhalations every half hour, fifteen to twenty times a day. Hundreds of patients are said to have benefited by the new treatment. One is reported to have lost fifteen pounds in twenty days; another, sixty pounds in eight months. Still, the man who is in earnest about losing unnecessary weight will stick to proper diet and moderate ex- ercise for sure results. ’ Secret Messages Promised - HE problem of secret communica- tion for military work in war time that has so far baffled our leading engi- neers, may be finally solved by two re- markable recent American inventions. The first, developed by D. C. Stock- barger, instructor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, consists of modulating light waves as radio engineers modulate the carrier of the earth on its axis, and journey of the moon around the earth. It also indicates the change of seasons, and gives the time, the day, the month and the year. A powerful spring located in the center starts the By the use of this mechanism, it is possible to determine the occurrence of eclipses, their paths, and various other phenomena waves in ordinary broadcasting. With an extremely powerful searchlight, he has transmitted long distance messages that could not be intercepted by any apparatus not actually in the path of the sharply focused beam of.light. The light waves he used are in the violet and ultra-violet, while previous attempts along this line had employed infra-red, sometimes called black light.” The other invention, by Harvey C. Hayes, research physicist of the Naval Laboratory, is an apparatus for producing sound waves, which he calls “super- sonics,” at the enormous frequency of 120,000 kilocycles a second—the limit for the human ear is from thirty to 30,000. These waves, it is claimed, can not be picked up except by an instrument espe- cially tuned-in and directly in their path. With Dr. Hayes’ invention, secret signals can be transmitted to and from sub- marines even when they are submerged. It may also prove invaluable in rescue work when a submarine meets with an accident and is helpless far below the sure face of the ocean. Seeks Live Animals for Zoo NEW American expedition sent out by the Smithsonian Institution, of Washington, D. C., with the financial aid of Walter P. Chrysler, the automobile manufacturer, has just gone to British East Africa to obtain live wild animals for the National Zoo. It will hunt for many rare species never before seen in America. It is in charge of Dr. William W. Mann.

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The trackwalker’s small car covers many miles in a day POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Now the Trackwalker Rides OWADAYS almost everyone rides, so why not the trackwalker? This new one-man car for railroad track in- spectors is the first of its kind. Although light enough so that one person can lift it on and off the track, it is strong enough to carry five men at a time. The car is driven by a motorcycle engine and can be started from a standstill. It travels at a rate of about four miles an hour, thus per- mitting the in- spector to examine the tracks care- fully as he rides. Experimental Highway Has Non-Skid Treads NON-SKID automobile road to take the place of non-skid tires is the lat- est idea to be tried out in an English town where motor traffic is unusually heavy. There an experimental road has been paved with wood blocks which have projecting rubber insets made in designs similar to the treads on some rubber tires. Only half the road is covered with these rubber projections, the other half being left smooth for comparative tests. The number of accidents on each side of the road is being recorded carefully, and also other data which, within a year’s time, is expected to determine the value of this unique type of paving. ‘*Poker Pipe’’ Attachment Keeps the Bowl Upright QO KEEP any straight-stem pipe from tipping over and spilling ashes on table or desk, this ingenious little sup- port has been devised to clamp over the stem. It consists of a spring loop with metal legs attached. The loop is pushed up over the stem, which it grips tightly, keeping the bowl in an upright position. The device is small enough so that it may be left on a pipe even when it is slipped in the pocket. High and Low Powered Men OME people are born with more man power than others, just as some automobiles are made with more horse- power than others, according to Dr. Max Seham of the University of Minnesota. He declares you shouldn't expect a half- man-power man to do as much work as a whole-man-power individual. The nervous system of the former is not equal to the strain, and may break under it. 7 et Odd pavement built with non-skid tread June, 192 Pincer Wire Tap Does the Work of a Wall Plug OUSEHOLDERS in France now are using the pincer connection illus. trated above to tap electric current from a wire in order to get an additional outlet for household purposes. A spring in the pincer presses two sharp needle points through the insulation of the two wires when parted, tapping the current. In the use of this device, it is claimed, there is no danger of causing an accidental short circuit. The invention can be used, also, for making a direct floor or wall- plug electrical connection. Hearing the Muscles Creak OST people think that clenching and opening the hand is entirely noise- less. But, as a matter of fact, every muscular action is noisy. Every time you move or breathe or talk, you creak. This fact was recently proved by means of a new electrical stethoscope perfected by the Bell Telephone Laboratories, in New York City. In a recent demonstra- tion of this amazing instrument, three hundred persons heard the scratching and rumbling of the muscles as they slid over one another in clenching and opening the hand. To make the noises thus audible, it was necessary to magnify the sound one hundred. billion times. Old-Time Fire Engine Fights Walnut Pest N ANTIQUATED horse-drawn fire engine, unused for thirty years, was hauled from the discard in Santa Barbara, Calif., not long ago, to aid in fighting the codling moth, the worst enemy of walnut growers. Instead of water, the engine sprays steam on the trays in which the walnut crop is dried. Experts say that live steam destroys the larvae. The trays are piled high in stacks, covered with canvas, then live steam of 170 degrees is shot under the cover. — Using the antiquated fire engine to spray steam on covered trays of walnuts Jun ; | ww ay the ste ol be q na su we of he Se

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, 1926 June, 1926 y are llus- from utlet 1 the vints vires ned, sntal ised, wall. K and olse- very you eans cted ;, stra- hree and over the ible, one the ied. “Oys 1 in live ver. | a a Se ee You Can Iron Your Neckties over the Teakettle ECKTIES may be perfectly pressed, it is claimed, simply by running them over the edge of a new teakettle steamer invented by J. D. Horton, of New York City. With the same device, old velvets, ribbons, silks and satins can be steamed to look like new, he says. The steamer, which can be attached over the spout of any teakettle, has a narrow slotted mouth across which the necktie is drawn so that it comes in con- tact with the steam from boiling water in the kettle. The rounded edges of the mouth provide a smooth ironing surface which dries the material as it is drawn back and forth. With this device, the inventor says, any man can do his own ironing. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY O TAKE guesswork out. of per- manent waving, a machine has been invented to test hair. Hair curls natu- rally because it is porous and absorbs moisture in the atmosphere. The permanent waving proc- ess alters the structure of straight hair so that it, too, will absorb moisture easily and curl. In the process, cer- tain lotions are used, The new machine tests a sample of the hair to be waved and determines just how porous it is and consequent- ly how strong the lotion should be. Here’s a New Kink for the Permanent Wave 41 Testing human hair with the new scale invented by C. Nestle Stropping the blade like a straight razor A Springless Suspension for Motor Cars OR a long time automobile designers have been working to improve spring suspension, trying especially to get rid of wearing parts. Walter Lawson Adams, of New Haven, Conn., now claims to have solved the problem by eliminating springs altogether and substituting disks of rubber, in a unique invention of his. In place of springs, he has devised a strong pressed-steel cantilever arm at- tached at one end to the axle and having a drum at the other end. The inner face of this drum has teeth radiating from the center. A strong steel disk, also made with teeth, is bolted Above: Chassis with springless suspen- sion supporting seventeen men. Right: Arrangement of new rubber suspension to the sidé rail of the chassis. A bolt runs through the axis of disk and drum, and between the two is placed a rubber ring- shaped cushion with teeth that fit in those of the disk and drum. When the car hits a bump, the rubber cushion is squeezed outward just as a rub- ber band would be stretched. No lubri- cation is needed. a A New Idea for Stropping Safety Razor Blades AFETY razor blades may be sharp- ened on an ordinary razor strop with the aid of the blade holder shown in the picture. The blade fits in one side of the holder, and when one edge is sharp the holder is reversed so that the other edge may be sharpened. A guard pre- vents the blade from cutting the strop. Sliding Fastener Now Used. on Baseball Mitts HE latest application of the quick- sliding, hookless fastener, which for some time has been used on_ tobacco pouches and galoshes, is as a substitute for straps on the glove of the baseball player. Not only does it. save the bother of fastening a strap with one hand, but it prevents binding on the ball player's wrist. One pull on a key at the back of the glove does the trick, fastening the mitt snugl* in place. One quick pull fastens the mitt No Rest for the Potato ROM now on potatoes will work over- time if science has anything to do about it. Potatoes just dug from the ground have been insisting upon two months’ rest before going to work and sprouting new vines. But now Dr. Frank E. Denny, of the Boyce Thompson Insti- tute, Yonkers, N. Y., tells us that dous- ing them in a certain chemical bath will open their eves wide and start the shoots at once, lessening time between crops.

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42 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY The Right Size for a Small Apartment The piano Walter Rummel, the noted English pianist, is playing, above, is about the size of a small library table. It has four octaves, and was modeled after the quaint seven- teenth century clavichord that Bach used when he composed A Pie Eater’s Paradise The girl in the picture isn’t going to eat the whole of the huge pie she is holding. It weighs thirty pounds, and was made by a Berlin pastry shop in a special pan on the occasion of a reception Choosing Food for Birds These London bird fanciers, above, are tasting bird- seed to test its quality. Birdseed should be sweet, and ought to be tasted before being given to birds Smaller Than Child’s Head Perched inquiringly on the cap of a young visitor to the London Zoo is the smallest monkey in the world—a Brazilian marmoset, right. He is not more than half as big as the boy’s head June, 192% T he Curious Not Like Your Set The odd-looking instrument above is a radio receiver of pre-war vintage—made in Ger- many and used on the U. S. battleship Nebraska in 1910. Chief Petty Officer Van Pault, U.S.N., is showing how it works Memories of Other Days Opera from a Tire A unique event in this age of bobbed hair was a Right: An English vaudeville performer contest for wearers of long hair, held recently in playing an opera selection on an auto- Los Angeles. The long-locked contestants are mobile tire. The air escapes from the Genevieve Slade was the winner valve in a way toimitate the human voice shown above. June, 1°

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June, 1926 —— A Human Checkerboard Costume balls generally bring out remarkable creations, but the checkerboard make-up of W. E. Seamark, a writer, above, which was the sensation of a recent dance of the London Sketch Club, is absolutely unique. All the black and white squares were actually painted on his face “‘Mike’’ Is ‘Dolled Up”’ The funny-looking doll in the pic- ture above is “‘Baby Mike Alpin,”’ the microphone that broadcasts Hotel McAlpin, New York, radio programs. It is mounted on wheels and can be moved to any part of the grill. Al Herman, blackface come- dian, is seen appealing to ‘‘ Mike’”’ Elk Herd Brought East A herd of 379 elk, largest shipment of wild animals ever made by rail- road, was recently brought from Montana to the range of Percy Jones at Middleboro, Mass., where they will be raised. The elk in the illustration at the right has to be strongly persuaded to leave the truck POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY A Swiss Chalet on Tour All the comforts of home are said to be found in this elaborate house on wheels which recently appeared on the streets of Berlin. The brick foundation effect is oilcloth that is let down when the car-residence is stopped 43 * She Rix ie Young Engineers Modernize an Old Student Prank An entirely new version of the college prank of getting a cow into a classroom or on a dormitory roof during the night was recently perpetrated by Massachusetts Institute of Technology students of Cambridge, Mass. Using their engineering skill, with block and tackle they hoisted a Ford five stories and left it dangling over the edge of the roof of ’93 dormitory. The picture above shows how it looked from the street; at left it is seen nicely balanced on the coping

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ad POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Scrubbing a Liner Below: Cleaners. in small skiffs scraping the sides of a ship as the water is lowered. When the floor of the dock is reached, the hull is entirely clean. At right is a ‘‘washed”’ liner, resting on blocks, ready for a coat of paint Parts of Ship Seldom Seen Repairing the huge propellers, part of the “‘washing’’ of an ocean liner. Notice how the mechanics look like flies in comparison N THE west coast dry docks, notably San Francisco and Los Angeles, a rapid system for handling gigantic trans-Pacific liners has been developed, ena- bling a ship to be completely washed, painted and back in serv- ice in less than twenty-four hours. The first stage of the washing is to get the en- tire ship out of water, for there is more of it below water than there is above. The ship is towed into the dry dock, and as the water is pumped out of the big basin, scores of men in small skiffs surround the ship and set to work frantically with brushes to scrape off the moss, barnacles, and other foreign matter that accumulates in a few months on a ship’s bottom, slowing down its speed and damaging its hull. This amazing mass of rubbish is first scraped with wire brushes. A_ second brushing with ordinary brooms follows. By the time the water is pumped out of the dock, the hull is freed of all debris. When the sides of the ship dry, a coat of June, 192% How Ship Bottoms Are Kept Clean waterproof paint is applied, and the job is finished. Mean- while mechanics have inspected and made all necessary repairs to the propellers, rud- der and other under- water parts. So crowded are the San Francisco and Los Angeles dry docks that accommodations now are reserved far in advance. The waters and climate of the Orient have a peculiar damaging effect on ship bottoms, causing the paint to peel off and corroding the heavy steel plates and rivets. The new American method of ship washing is said to be the only efficient protection against these ravages. Jules E. Haschke, inventor, left, and his motor life buoy, which is seen also in picture at right in the act of towing rescuer to swimmer in distress Motorized Buoy Tows NEW motor-driven life buoy, de- signed to enable a rescuer to reach a drowning person quickly, was recently tested at Redondo Beach, Calif. It is four feet long, and looks like a small motor boat. On the stern is a bar to which one or more persons may cling. A button on the Drowning to Safety the stern bar starts and stops the motor, while the operator acts as the rudder. Its inventor, Jules E. Haschke, an elec- trical engineer, claims it is unsinkable and easily launched in the worst breakers, and can ride the roughest seas at better than six miles an hour. June, I Cc. M repro type into | findi ate, was thou of tl he k Es I « four app: Ide N wor frou by « He ren tim the mo

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June, 1926 C. M. Breder and his modei that reproduces the motions of the eel type of fish—great travelersin water NE day about three () years ago a mechani- cal engineer strolled into the Aquarium in New York City, and, finding C. M. Breder, a research associ- ate, asked, “How do fish swim?” He was building a boat, he explained, and thought he might be able to apply some of the mechanics used by speedy fishes if he knew what they were. “T was stuck,”” admitted Mr. Breder. “Thad been studving fishes for years, but I couldn’t answer his question. And I found, when [ looked it up in books, that apparently no one else knew either. So I decided to find out.” Mr. Breder had plenty of material to work with, for in the Aquarium are fish from all parts of the world. He started by examining their fins. He operated on some, removing one fin at a POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY The model, below, designed to show how fish swim, moves in the water exactly like the rigid- bodied fish that uses a tail thrust in the act of swimming 45 A Sea Mystery Solved With Strange Models, a Young Scientist Shows Just How Fish Swim SCULLING A BOAT The various ways fish propel themselves are shown in the drawing above. Top, by the tail movement: next, by the body motion; third, by a combination of the first two; and, below, by expelling water from gills plete movement of the tail of the “fish.” “T call this the cow, or trunk fish mod- el,” explained the inventor. “It demon- strates one of the two extreme types of swimming—a rigid body propelled by a flexible tail and paddle-like fins. The cow fish is a peculiar tropical fish, sometimes seen in Florida. Its body is encased in a shell of ossified scales, practically rigid, but its tail is flexible. Flipping this tail moves the fish, but it can go only for- ward. A sailor sculling a boat produces the same motion. “The other extreme is the eel type, where the swimming is done by back- wardly moving curves in the body. My Locomotives with 45-Foot Stacks on eel model boat, box shaped also, instead of a tail has a row of stiff wire rods on the bottom. On these, webbing is stretched. When the motor moves the rods back and forth, the webbing waves backward like a flag in the breeze. The backward pres- sure of these little waves pushes the boat forward. “Fishes with this body movement can swim just as well backward as forward. They get this motion by contracting and relaxing their muscles, which go around the body in bands. In swimming, the contraction of muscles begins on one side just back of the ear and passes back toward the tail, and naturally reaches the tail quicker on the side which it begins, making that side short- time, and observed how the loss affected their movements. AFTER numerous experiments, he built two little metal P boats which duplicate the movements of fish 4 + and solved the mystery of how fish swim. For this contribution to natural science, the New York Academy of Sciences has awarded him a prize of $250. The first of these models is a flat, box- shaped boat which has a metal “tail” that is detachable, so that dif- ferent shapes can be used in the experi- ments. Inside the boat he put a phonograph motor. Each revolu- tion of the driving shaft gave one com- er than the other. The fish’s body thus forms a curve. The next pecapermneneeseente MOKESTACKS 45 feet high now adorn five once powerful engines of the Penn- sylvania Railroad, recently retired from active service. Fitted with these unique stacks, they are furnishing compressed air for a hundred curve is in the other direction, and so the fish can propel itself through the water. - OST fishes cars inthe Jersey City yards combine these two motions of the tail and of the body. “One other thing may be important in propelling fish,’ Mr. Breder finished, “and that is the water they squirt out of their gill slits. These jets of water . ejected from either side of the fish's head reduce the water piled up by the forward movement of the fish, and reduce the sucking effect as the fish’s body is pulled away from the water behind it.”

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 192% Odd Items from U. S. to Have World's Largest Bomber The monster wheel in the picture below is a landing wheel of the largest bombing plane in the world, being built for Uncle Sam at the Huff-Deland Airplane Works at Bristol, Pa. Note how a landing wheel of an ordinary plane compares with it. Two of these extra-sized wheels can carry a weight of 17,000 pounds. The giant bomber to which they belong will carry sufficient fuel to make a non-stop flight from New York to London, and despite its great size and weight will have terrific speed. The monster has been appropriately named the Cyclops English Device Locates Hidden Planes By means of this sound-magnifying device and head phones, it is possible to determine the exact location of an airplane hidden from sight far up in the clouds. It was designed and constructed for the British war office and was recently exhibited at the Imperial College of Science, London be A New Type of Motor The airplane above is a new German type called the “Kondor,” built to carry passengers between Munich and Berlin, which recently made a test flight into Switzerland. It is an all-metal plane capable of carrying eleven persons. A_ special feature is the exterior torpedo- shaped motors with propeller blades behind the plane, as shown in the above picture Birds Frolic around Planes Birds are beginning to get used to the airplane. The remarkable picture above shows a flock of seagulls among the clouds over Santa Moni- ca Bay, California, cir- cling and racing a big seaplane in charge of A Terror of the Air The unusual-looking ma- chine at the right is a gyro- scopically controlled aerial torpedo mounted on a truck. It was developed by the United States Army Major C. C. Mosely of Service. Fired from an ; 4 : i cs , the California National airplane, itcanhit atarget — m EN 20" 2 ee Me ee ni Guard, as unafraid and 20 miles away. It carries aa " Wp ins eee we TT mere * - : unconcerned as if it were 1,500 pounds of TNT. Its " oe’. okt er, pe Oh if just one of themselves speed is 200 miles an hour NM! abit ty” > 55s aA a Me, June, rice plai the the twe fat! alo Fai dre ie - fae

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June, 1926 Youngest Air Pilot Marcel Farman, son of Mau- rice Farman, the French air- plane constructor, is probably the youngest airplane pilot in the world. He is just over twelve years old, and his father thinks he is able to fly alone. He is shown below ina Farman machine at the aero- drome at Buc, near Versailles POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY the Aviation World 47 An All-Metal Dirigible A new type of dirigible, to be built of duralumin and capable of carrying 200 passengers and a crew of forty, has been de- signed by Claude H. Freese, of Los Angeles, Calif. Instead of the ordinary gas bag, it will consist of fifteen drums form- ing a cigar-shaped bag. It will have nine propellers and will be able to land on water, it is claimed. A fair sized aluminum model of the new dirigible is shown above with its designer New Instrument Board At the left is a novel airplane instru- ment board, with its inventor, Morris M. Titterington. All the instruments are vertical instead of round. At top are a magnetic com- pass and lights to illumine the board A Navy Scout Plane The Apache is the name of the small Wright navy plane, above. It is designed for pursuit duty with the fleet, and has a speed of 165 miles an hour. An idea of its small size may be gained by com- parison with its pilot, Lieu- tenant Fred Becker, U.S. N. The airplane is the popular means of transportation with San Francisco duck hunters, who travel to and from the hunt by plane. The picture The Modern Way of Returning from the Hunt shows a large and happy-looking group of hunters with the game they have bagged posed in front of the plane waiting to be taken home

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48 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Miniature Engine Is Operated by Radio HE miniature en- gine and car at the left, which the English schoolboys were gazing at so intently that they paid no attention to the camera’ which snapped them, is oper- ated by radio, and runs swiftly on a_ track around the table. It was designed by Major Phillips, an Eng- lish radio expert, who is holding in his hand the boxlike transmit- ting apparatus that controls the tiny train. This control is very powerful, and can oper- ate 500 yards away. New System for Better Glaze A SYSTEM of measuring the rate of expansion of the glaze on pottery and enameled ware that will enable manu- facturers to produce a glaze that will not crack, has been developed by the experts of the U. S. Bureau of Standards. All glazed ware consists of a body of clay or metal which is covered with a thin glassy composition entirely different from the base. The two materials expand at different rates when heated and cooled during their manufacture. This strain on the glaze, which is only one two- hundredth of an inch thick, reduces its resistance and makes it brittle. By the use of the new system of the Bureau of Standards, manufacturers will eliminate much of the strain of annealing and pro- duce a glaze that will stand harder wear. A Novel Cylinder Reamer HE illustration below shows a new type of automobile cylinder reamer in which an unusual amount of flexibility of the blades is possible. While the ream- er is stationary, the blades do not enter - the cylinder wall, but rest firmly against it until the device is revolved. During the first quarter-revolution of the reamer, the blades gradually are fed to the full depth and held there by spring tension. The blades are expanded or contracted by a sliding spindle provided with two tapered seats to support the blades. This spindle is controlled by an adjusting nut at the top end of the reamer. Inthe picture the reamer is seen inserted in the cylinder. Reaming a cylinder with new expanding reamer SMALLER ENGINES, normally — strong enough to run the car only on a level, but reinforced by a supercharger powerful enough to take it up the steepest hill, will soon be used generally on automo- biles, according to G. R. Short of the General Motors. This has been accom- plished, he says, with great success on air- planes and racing automobiles, and may soon be done on trucks and pleasure cars, notably reducing the cost of production. June, 1926 ls "TOPs NZENZCSOK A novel lettering tem- plate and how it is used Device Makes Lettering Easy ITH the aid of the template illus- trated above, it is said to be pos- sible for anyone to do neat and even lettering like a professional letterer. The template consists of a transparent strip with. a system of perforations along which the point of the pen is run to form the letters of the alphabet and numerals, which can all be made from one template. Many letters can be made with the same perforation, and no letter requires more than two openings. The template is manipulated by a metal guide, which holds it off the paper and prevents smear- ing. The work is done with a pen having a funnel-like attachment that holds con- siderable ink. The illustrations show the template, and how it is used. hel Typical American Home Amazes the French ¢ The typical American home at the Grand Palais, Paris. The picture attheright shows how it was shipped to France HE model American home in the Ameri- can section of the In- ternational Exhibition of Household Appliances and Labor-saving De- vices, in the Grand Palais, Paris, shown in the upper illustration, is drawing large numbers of interested and curious French visitors. Erected originally in Brooklyn, N. Y., this colonial-type. house was dismantled and shipped in crates, as seen in the lower illustration, to France early this year. It is equipped with every device Amer!- can ingenuity has invented to make housework easier. June aul gel por po fin at pa the Bi m on int

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IS- OS- en he ‘ip ch he ls, he eS ‘is ch ng n- June, 1926 An Aid to Cyclists at Night IDING a bicycle at night is a dan- gerous thing in these days of heavy automobile traffic. Bicycle tail -lights generally are useless in the glare of the powerful automobile headlights. In England, where cycling is still very popular, experiments are being made to find some way for motorists to see cyclists at night. One method recently tried was painting the rear mudguards white, as the man in the picture above is doing. Bicycles so painted were approached by motor cars, some having headlights full on, others with lights dimmed. Results indicate that the paint warning is good. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 49 Offices on Casters Speed Up Business HE office at the right is one of a number of movable offices recently in- stalled by a San Fran- cisco automobile con- cern. These offices are mounted on_ casters and can be moved quickly to whatever part of the floor they are most needed. They can even be run onto the freight elevator and taken to another floor. Each office has four glass sides, giving plen- ty of light. A roll of telephone wire on top makes it unnecessary to disconnect the tele- phone when the office is in transit, except when it is moved from floor to floor, and an extension cord for electricity may be plugged in on another socket near the new location. Reveals Marks on Steel . A SECRET process by which it is said to be possible to discern marks on steel which a criminal thinks he has oblit- erated has been developed from the study of a mutilated army pistol by metallur- gists of the U. S. Bureau of Standards. The process is based on the fact that metals retain internal evidences of their past history. Complete Railroad System in Small Model HE wonderful min- iature English rail- road, which is shown in the illustration at the left, is said to be one of the most complete model systems ever construct- ed. It was erected for the entertainment of his grandsons by Sir Ed- ward Nicholl, who for many years represented Falmouth, England, in Parliament. It contains 550 feet of rails and takes up a large part of a great room in Sir Edward's house at Littleton Park, near Shipperton, Eng- land This interesting rail- road comprises five lines, four of them main ones; seven engines which are run by steam, electric- ity or clockwork; and a large number of passen- ger, baggage and freight vars.’ It has regular road beds, passenger and freight stations, power houses and round houses, switches and side tracks. Its equipment, in Grandson of builder making adjustments on miniature English tailroad said to be most complete model system ever built short, resembles in all respects a real railroad. This unusual portable office can be rolled to any part of the floor, or taken up or down stairs on an elevator. The telephone goes with it Resembles House Fire Escape LATFORMS that can be stretched from the raised ladder to windows of ach floor of a burning building are features of a new type of fire truck, shown above, invented by A. L. Sieber, of Brooklyn, N. Y. These will aid greatly, it is claimed, in the quick rescue of per- sons trapped in burning buildings. The ladder telescopes, and when closed does not extend beyond the body of the truck that carries it. In the picture, the inventor is seen operating a model of his safety ladder which, when raised, resem- bles the fire escapes installed on buildings. A NEW method of producing iron from its ore has been developed as a result of the scarcity of coke caused by the recent anthracite strike. The iron ore is ground finely and mixed with fine coal. The mix- ture is then heated sufficiently to reduce the iron without melting it. The result- ant mass then is cooled and run through a magnetic separator.

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Prepared Against Fos A fog is trying on the police. At the right isa New York traffic cop protecting himself with a lantern, while below is a London ‘“‘bobby”’ clad in life-saving jacket and armed with hook to pull out unlucky fog victims who fall into the Thames POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 19% Making the Cop’s Life A Little Easier A Novel Traffic Signal The unique device shown at the left is a breath-saving whistle-used by the officer who directs the traffic in the big square in front of the City Hall, Providence, Rhode Island. It is operated by the plunger he is grasping He Keeps His Feet Dry Birmingham, England, traffic policemen wear an easily distinguished white rubber coat and stand on rubber mats as protection against wet weather Boston Police Taught to Shoot On the life-size silhouette, above, Boston police learn how to bring down a fleeing criminal. This unique target has been set up in the First Cadet Armory, Boston. The pic- ture shows an instructor pointing out the more vital spots Roller Skates for Patrolmen Above: James Moore of Seattle, the first policeman to patrol a beat on roller skates. Others covering outlying districts are now following his example Getting the Bandits Right: Chicago police use these new fighting-top cars to pursue hold-up men. One of the firing squad, ready to shoot, may be seen standing in the ton- neau in a sort of pit de- signed to hold two men Jun oO of Ai ®t OD. te

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19% “so oe is June, 1926 S ‘, \ ‘ i POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY They Are Little ~ But They Work Six Unique Small Machines 51 A Radio Set Built on a Pin The tiniest radio receiving set ever built anywhere, it is claimed, may be seen above. It was constructed on the shaft of an ordinary pin by Rufus P Turner, a student at the Armstrong Technical High School, Washington, D. C. Have you ever seen one smaller? London Hears Tiny Piano The world’s smallest piano, above, was recently heard over the radio by London fans Only three inches high and about nine inches long, its notes carried hundreds of miles. In shape and action it is exactly like the grand concert piano, of ordinary dimensions, on which it is standing Even a Small Boy Can Haul It Runs Like a Big One Scarcely bigger than a man’s hand is the little motorcycle, said to be smallest ever built, shown with C. W. Dicker, of London, its maker. It has all the parts of a regular motor- cycle, and each part functions Opera in Miniature The amazing miniature of the Chicago Opera House, left, built by Harry W. Beatty, of Chicago, contains more than 10,000 parts. Operas are given on it, and ell the parts move automatically Above: The smallest concrete mixer in the world: It is one sixteenth the size of a standard machine, and has a capacity of one cubic foot. When recently demonstrated in San Francisco, it turned out standard quality concrete None Smaller Made The car at the left is the smallest complete automo- bile ever constructed, it is claimed. It was made al- most entirely by hand, and is an exact replica in minia- ture ot a favorite English roadster An idea of its size may be had by comparison with its builder, S. J. Steven- son, of Belfast, Ireland, who is standing beside it. It took thirteen weeks of steady labor to make this tiny car

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52 A Vest Pocket Safety Razor HE tiny safety razor here illustrated has been devised for travelers, auto tourists and campers. It takes up little more room than a silver dollar, and three postage stamps easily cover the case in which it is carried. It uses the double-edge safety razor blade of a well-known make. The handle which is short but easily grasped, is formed by two wings that fold back at right angles and hold the guard and the blade firmly in place. The illustra- tion at the top of the column shows how this new razor is used, while below it is seen its unique construction. How Much Do YOU Know About Science? ATURE as it reveals itself in the phenomena we witness every day is a_ never-ending source of wonder, and the thought- ful man is always seeking the reasons why they happen as they do. Science, fortunately, explains many of these natural marvels. How many of its explanations are you familiar with? Here is a way to find out. Below are twelve questions on events of common occurrence. The correct answers are given on page 133. 1. What causes waterspouts? 2. Why are birds and mam- mals covered with feathers or hair, while snakes have no such covering? How much air is there? . Why are insects necessary to the growth of most fruits? 5. Do you die instantly when the heart stops? 6. Why are there so many un- usualanimalsin Australia? 7. How do we know just how long to make a yardstick? 8. Why do we believe the 9 0 m Ww moon is very cold? . Why is the picture in a camera upside down? How does a crab grow, in spite of his hard shell? What do latitude and longitude mean? Why is sea water different from fresh water? POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 19% Locksmith Turns Bicycle into Workshop N ENTERPRISING key maker of Alex Zerley, Chi- Chicago, Alex Zerley, has found a oo - novel way of minimizing the running workshop on which he covers the entire city. The photo- graph shows him on his moving shop expenses of his business and of extending the territory from which his customers are drawn. Instead of renting a store and serving a limited neighborhood, Zerley has hit upon a better plan. Fitting up his bicycle with the neces- sary equipment of his trade, he takes his store with him and goes all over the city in search of business. In the picture at the right, he is seen at work in his unique shop. His workbench with cutting wheels is mounted on the cross-bar of the bicycle. When not in use, it is carried on the rack in the rear. The back wheel of § the bicycle is lifted off | the ground by a stand, and the pedals and sprocket wheel supply the power for his work. A Three-in-One Shoe Polisher HERE is no longer any need to go hunting for the shoe brush, the dauber, or the polish, or to get your hands and the chair all dirty when you want to shine your shoes, if you use the new combina- tion of brush, dauber and polish shown at the left, its inventor claims. The tube is enclosed in a metal case attached to the top of the brush, in front of which is a dauber. When the tube cap is removed, a twist of the key forces a little polish on the shoe; the dauber spreads it, and the horsehair brush works up a high luster. Concrete Batching Bin Moved on Wheels RDINARILY, when a bin for batch- ing concrete is to be moved to a new location, it has to be taken apart. J. N. Heltzel, of Warren, O., thought this a waste of time, and recently worked out an idea to avoid it. He placed heavy steel wheels near the bottom of one side of the bin frame, and by tipping the batcher over on this side and chaining the top of the frame to a tractor or truck, the bulky machine is easily moved from place to place without being dismantled. These heavy wheels are so placed that about two thirds of the weight of the bin in transit rests on them. When hy en! i + the bin reaches its destination it is again tipped back on its steel base and is ready for work. The whole operation requires only a few minutes, while it takes hours to take the complicated concrete mixers and steel frame apart, and to reassemble them in a new location. In the picture below, the originator is seen standing inside the bin. Concrete batching bin, ready for moving without dismantling, by the Heltzel method June, op th sic th nm wee a ft tee

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June, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Boy’s Clipper ep Model Wins Sea Trip LIKING for the sea and ships, and skill in using his hands and brains, have brought good fortune to David Mitchell, twelve-year-old Cald- well, N. J., boy, shown at left with ship. For some years Dav- id has amused himself making models of fa- Sueneshipsend rec ‘ently entered one of these— a three-masted clipper, which he called the Anne Neilson — in a prize contest. David's ship was the unani- mous choice of the judges for first prize a sea trip to the Pacific coast by way of the Panama canal. Experts who have examined the ship say it is a fine piece of work for one so young. David Mitchell, New Jersey boy, and his prize ship Novel Screen Built Like Shade THs new sliding screen is especially good for casement windows that open outward. The roller is mounted at the top of the window frame on the in- side, and after the window is locked in the open position in the usual manner the screen is pulled down to cover the open- ing, just like a shade mounted on a roller. A modification of the roller arrange- ment permits installation in new houses so that the screen is concealed completely when not in use. Decks of playing cards which bore vari- ous dates from 1714 to 1765 were exhib- ited recently in London. The cards were decorated with illustrations on geography, natural history, and astronomy, and con- tained much information on these sub- jects that today is amusing. ' Family Sees America in Auto Bungalow EE America first,” traveling posters urge. That’s just what Mr. and Mrs. W. M. O’Donnell, of Detroit, Mich., wanted to do. They saved for years, and then built a bungalow on wheels, shown below, and started on their long tour. The unique house has its own electrical and water systems. Its exterior is un- usually attractive, and its interior, the owners claim, contains all the comforts that go to make up a cozy home. In this novel, fully equipped bungalow, mounted on an auto chassis, and changing its location every day, the O’Donnell family of four, of Detroit, is traveling on a seeing-America-first tour A Vacuum Cleaner for Erasers O YOU remember the times teacher kept you in after school and made you clean the erasers for punishment? Or perhaps you had an extremely clever teacher who handed out the job as a special privilege. In either event, you remember how the chalk dust choked you. But it is not done that way any more. It’s not sanitary or hygienic. Instead, there is an ingenious electric vacuum cleaner, seen above, over which the chalky eraser is drawn and quickly cleaned. The dust is collected in a bag. THE WORLD wool crop today is five times greater than it was a hundred years ago. Cotton shows a greater increase, being twenty times what it was a century ago. KNOW YOUR CAR OU are risking your life every time you drive at night with your headlights in poor condition. The law requires you to keep the headlights on your car in good working order, and that means that the reflectors must be clean and bright, the bulbs of the right candlepower, and the non-glare lenses adjusted so that they spread the beam uniformly across the road. And the lamps them- selves must be set so that the light is thrown on the road and not into the eyes of the approach- ing driver. To get best results from your car lighting system, follow these rules: 1. Make sure that you have bulbs of good make and of the. right candlepower. 2. Dust your reflectors very lightly with a clean silk or linen handkerchief at least.once every two or three months, and have them resilvered when they begin to look tarnished or foggy. 3. Keep the lenses clean and set with the word ‘‘top”’ in the right position. 4. Make sure that socket con- tacts are clean—a corroded con- tact will affect seriously the bril- liance of the light. 5. Keep your tail-light clean, and make sure that it lights up the license plate.

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Unusual Hobby for Man Quilt making is the unusual hobby of Charles Pratt, 74, a retired carpet weaver of Philadeiphia, Pa., right. He worked on the one with which he is shown 2,000 hours, using 30,000 half-inch silk squares Smokes for Living An official cigarette smoker is Benjamin D. Hill of the Department of Commerce. He keeps American manu- facturers in touch with for- eign markets. He is shown below testing a seven-inch product of Brazilian tobacco POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 1926 Speeding Up Tennis Tennis on roller skates is the latest fad of the younger folk in California. The picture shows Miss Dorothy Hen- Strange and nteresting ry, left, of Cheviot Hills, on roller skates, reaching for a high and fast one A New Use for Cowboy’s Lariat The world’s champion cowboy, holder of the Roosevelt Trophy, “Bob” Crosby, went down to Long Beach, Calif., recently to show the life guards that a lariat is very handy for life-saving The marbler, above, combing a tank of floating water colors into colored marble de- signs for book covers in the Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., has a job that requires uncommon patience and skill tosecure the more pleasing effects A Future Cycle Champion The youngest motorcyclist in the kingdom of Italy is Renso Violti, six and a half years old, of Turin. In the picture above, you see him on his specially built motorcycle tearing around the track to make a new juvenile speed record

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June, 1926 eg The Duck Hunter’s Friend Only two men in Massachusetts earn their living by carving decoys for duck hunters, it is said, and here is one of them in the picture at the right. He is Joseph Whiting Lincoln, of Accord, in old Plymouth county, which is noted for its duck shooting. All the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 55 Things People Are Doing i? Curious Tree-Top House Doomed This unusual home in the branches of a spreading tree on the outskirts of Manasquan, N. J., has been for five years the home of Thomas J. Ogburn. Now it is marked for destruction because the tree stands in the path of a new city street, and Ogburn is compelled to seek other quarters. Its owner is seen sitting on top of the ladder in what serves as the front door, enjoying paper and pipe material from which he makes his duck models, he himself cuts from cedar trees in a swamp not far from his home. Lincoln’s creations are realistic pro- ductions in form and color, as the armful he is shown with amply demonstrates A Tiny Castle Spare-Time Built This splendid miniature replica of a medieval castle in Switzer- land was finished recently by André Crot, shown with his model, a mechanic living in Los Angeles. It was built in his spare time, and took him one year to complete. A perfect reproduc- tion to the smallest detail, it is made throughout of hammered copper. In the courtyards are fountains which are kept play- ing by a small motor operated by a revolving squirrel cage Good Head Work! . At the right is one man at least who uses his head. He is Alexandre Patty, of Paris, a circus performer, who is shown in one of his favorite stunts. He is the only per- former, it is said, who can walk on his head either on le vei ground or down a_ stairway He Counts 3,200 Wheels a Day Michael O’Connor, of Council Bluffs, Iowa, above, says he is the world’s champion wheel counter. Every day for the past seventeen years he has checked up 3,200 wheels for the Union Pacific Railroad, which makes a wheelage charge for the use of its bridge over the Missouri river. O’Connor, it has been estimated, has counted 198,500,- 000 wheels during his long term of service

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Acetylene Torch for Firemen HIS novel acetylene cutting out- fit, built by the San Francisco fire department recently, is ar- ranged with handles at each end so that it can be carried like a stretcher by two men. When brought to the place where it is to be used, one end is lowered to rest on the ground. A tripod fastened to the back of the case is opened and set up, so that the outfit is supported as shown in the picture above. When the cover is opened, not a second is lost, for the equip- ment is ready for instant use. A Gymnasium for Rainy Days HILDREN will find a whole gym- nasium virtually contained in this device, which fits on any doorway and can be put up or taken down quickly without drilling holes or marring the wood. Tongs with rubber tips hold the swing, trapeze bar and two rings. The hanger is so constructed that the heavier the weight on the ropes the tighter the steel tongs grip the door jamb. Each attachment—swing, trapeze bar or rings —can be snapped on or off quickly, POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ASan Francisco fireman demon- strating the portable new acetylene cut- ting torch used for fighting fires ; the dice. June, 1926 Horse Races on Shipboard A A new deck sport, ocean liners recently have added horse racing with wooden horses and jockeys whose movements are controlled by throwing dice. The horse is moved forward on a track chalked on the deck as many squares as numbers on The picture shows a fan astride her choice in a race, Wobble-Walk for Exercise A’ THE left is shown a new way of exercising the back, arm and leg muscles, called “wobble-walking.” You stand on the crossbar of this curi- ous device, and wobble on the stick by moving first one leg and then the other. This wobbling motion causes the body to move for- ward and backward as you may wish. Though — intended principally as a plaything for chil- dren, it is said to afford good exercise for grown-ups and to be an aid to taking off extra weight. It is of simple construction, and has no springs or mechanism to get out of order. Its use will probably be as extensive as that of the “pogo” stick which has enjoyed such popularity. Triangle Acts As Third Hand VERYONE who has tried hurriedly to get a heavy elastic band over a good-sized package with one hand, while holding the package with the other, has wished that he had three or four hands. The new device which is pictured on the right is said to make such a wish unneces- sary. It acts like a third hand, helping to stretch the elusive elastic. It consists of a wire triangle attached to a metal base that can be fastened toa table or desk. A package of rubber bands encircles the bottom of the triangle. The package is placed on the top of the tri- angle, and a rubber band pulled up and stretched wide enough to go around it easily. This operation takes only half a second, it is claimed, while the old way required from eight to ten seconds. HOTOGRAPHY without plates or 4 films is possible, it is claimed, by using a new invention by a South African chemist. Pictures are taken directly on sensitized paper and the image developed in a few seconds. Apparatus is included for developing and printing the photo- graph. The image is reflected directly on bromide paper beneath the lens. Pic- tures can be taken with this filmless cam- era in half the time and for a fourth the cost, it is claimed, of making them now. Fare Register Prevents Losses FARE register recently invented records cash fares, gives the pas- senger a receipt, and keeps a mechanical audit for the conductor. It consists of a round-top metal box six inches in diam- eter and six inches high. When the con- ductor pulls the proper lever, a ticket is issued that contains the name of the pas- senger’s station, the time and the price. When the passenger is leaving the train, he returns the ticket to the conductor. Inside the machine is locked another record that duplicates the tickets, and registers the conductor’s number. This slip later is audited with cash and tickets. Helps to Slip on Elastics This office device stretches rubber bands so that they can slide with ease over packages is il the ab: oth | m

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se ieee ee 3, an on ed ed 0- iC- n- Ww. June, 1926 Coupler Wins Government Prize HIS coupler, below, perfected at the Krupp works, was recently awarded a prize by the German government. It is intended for wagons or motor trucks, lessens the danger to the pointsman, and saves much time. Its construction is simple, a bar attached to one truck fitting into a U-shaped part on the A pin locks them together. other. Both parts move easily. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY For Close-Ups and Long Shots N TAKING motion pictures, a close-up and a long shot often have to be taken of the same scene. To get both, it has been necessary hitherto either to retake a scene, or to have two cameras operated by two men take it simultaneously. In either case the pictures were never ex- actly alike, since the movements couldn’t be repeated exactly with two operators taking the action from different angles. John W. Boyle, a cameraman in one of the studios at Hollywood, Calif., has in- vented a device that is said to solve the problem. It is a metal block clamped to the top of one camera which supports a second camera. The lenses of both cameras are set to cover the same field. The bottom camera, fitted with a wide lens for a long shot, is hand cranked; while the top camera, fitted with a long focus lens for close-ups, is motor-driven. This arrangement makes it possible to secure at the same time two perfectly matched negatives. It also doubles the range of the camera in taking panoramas. John W. Boyle, in- ventor, and his new double movie camera A Cleaner with Dust Blower OR hotels, office buildings, hospitals and light dust removai in factories, a new type of semi-heavy portable vac- uum cleaner has been devised. Larger than the ordinary household machine and smaller than heavy-duty factory pneumatic sweeping systems, this in- between machine is expected to fill an important gap. The machine, which weighs only 105 pounds, can be wheeled from floor to floor. Besides the usual cleaning feature, it has a convenient dust blower attachment which can be used for blowing dust from inaccessible places such as the under parts of electrical ap- paratus and _ telephone switchboards. The picture, above, shows the new cleaner and the carriage on which it is mounted. A Substitute for Turbines GERMAN electrical engineer, Dr. Paul Walter, of Berlin, has devised a thermomagnetic electric generator which he believes will supplant steam-driven turbines for generating electricity. The device consists of a heavy soft iron ring magnetized by an electric current. In the center of the ring is hung an induction coil. As the ring is heated and then allowed to cool, an alternating current is induced in the coil. The heating is con- trolled automatically. 57 Novel Crane for Lifting Cars GERMAN railroad has constructed the novel crane seen above for use in changing wheels, brakes, couplings and rods, and in making other repairs on the bottoms of its cars. This powerful ma- chine lifts one end of the car to the height desired and holds it in that position until all the work is done. It carries extra wheels and other equipment on its sides, and has a circular track near its top, fitted with rollers and tackle for moving the necessary materials into position. It is operated electrically from a three- line trolley which may be seen in the pic- ture. The crane is covered with a roof which shelters the workmen from the weather. Much time, it is claimed, is saved by this machine, which permits minor repairs to be made in the yards. A Right-Angle Screw Driver OR use in close quarters, such as corners, where there isn’t room to handle an ordinary screw driver, an in- genious new tool which is shown above has been recently invented. It is called a right-angle ratchet screw driver, and its blade, made of fine tool steel, is reversible. To remove a screw, the blade is taken out of the holder, fastened in the reverse side of the tool, and then turned as before. A MACHINE that plants cabbage seed- lings with considerable speed has been invented by Abbé Bacle, the parish priest of the village of Treize Vents, near Nantes, France. It consists of a moving arm that places each seedling in a hole and another attachment that covers it with earth. It saves, it is claimed, nine tenths of the time that is usually em- ployed in planting cabbages.

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Dinner Wagon and Dining Table This ingenious dinner wagon which, by releasing a catch, can be made into a table for six per- sons, is the invention of an Englishman. The wagon, which has three tiers, can be set in the kitchen, pushed into the dining room, and then changed into a table. Its action is smooth, so that nothing whatever on the table will spill and to prevent For Better Sweeping To make a soft broom stiff, for better sweeping, straws from working loose and dropping out, the broom guard shown in the pic- ture below was recently invented. It consists of two aluminum pieces pressed on to the sides of the broom, and connected by strips of wide elastic POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 192% ~New Inventions Notched Ruler for Skirt Hems For the home dressmaker, a new ruler which makes measuring a hem easy work has been recently designed. Every inch on it is notched so that when the hem of the skirt falls on it, it indicates what distance the skirt is from the floor. It is held vertically when used A Cream Whip That Doesn’t Spatter You do not need to worry about getting spattered, it is said, if you use this re- markable cream whip, shown above, put on the market recently. The manufac- turer claims that with this whip the cream will be beaten stiff in twenty seconds. A baffle prevents spattering Tying Made Unnecessary Most people cannot tie a knot in rope that will hold. So the clothesline sags or falls, and down comes the washing. The little rope holder at the right keeps the line tight without knots and prevents it from slipping ’ A Novel Humidifier A A new idea in humidifiers is shown above, in which £ vapor is formed by the i) aid of an ordinary electric os light bulb and a lamp wick. The bulb, screwed ~ into the wick, heats and evaporates the water drawn up by the wick. Its chief use is to keep cigars moist, but it can be used as a vaporizer or room deodorizer Has No Parts to Lose Electric light globes will be kept cleaner if equipped with the new fixture illustrated above. It has no screws or Makes Grapefruit Attractive clamps, and the globe can be slipped off quickly and easily for washing when necessary Shoe and Clothes Brush in One The combination lamb’s wool shoe polisher at the left, which carries on its back an efficient little clothes brush, should pleas? travelers especially. It can be tucked handily in a small bag or even carried in the pocket The novel device at the left puts a pleasing scalloped edge on grapefruit, making this favorite breakfast fruit even more attractive i Keeps Water Hot Water can be kept boiling hot three hours, it is claim- ed, in this new thermos jug recently invented in Eng- land. It is built on the principle of the thermos bottle, and is made of sheet iron. A vacuum chamber accounts for its thickness. The lid contains a vacuum chamber, also (shown right) June,

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on aS % y 32 23 | aS es June, 1926 or Busy Housewives Dining Table; and Other Novel Articles POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Cores Grapefruit One bite of the new device illustrated below, and out comes the core of the grapefruit, seeds and all, quickly and without fuss. With handles closed, the corer is pressed with a slight twist into the fruit. Opening the handles closes the knives cup-shaped around the core. When the cutter is pulied up, the core comes with it, being held firmly in the cup formed by the blades Shaker Has Self- Sealing Top Dust and moisture cannot reach the salt or pepper in this new type of self-seal- ing shaker, seen above. The holes are covered until the user presses with his thumbonaleverat theside, as shown in the illustration An Ironing Board and Ladder Novel Vegetable Knife French cooks like to make their vege- tables attractive in appearance as well as appetizing and tasty. With the fluted- * blade knife, shown below, they slice pota- | toes, beets, carrots and other vegetables © | Two things very much in the way when not in use are a stepladder and an ironing board. An ingenious inventor saves space by combining the two, as above. Changeable fastenings make either a short or full-length stepladder Unique Bucket for Scrubbing Soapy and clear water for scrubbing can be carried in the same pail, by the use of this new type of pail, in which a compartment for the suds is slipped in and held tightly in position by aclamp. This labor-saving device for the home is the recent invention of an Englishman This Gun Lights the Gas A gas-lighting gun that is said to make light- ing gas burners, grates, and ovens safe, and keeps matches away from small children, may be seen above. Pulling the trigger gives a flash sufficient to light a gas burner easily saving device. Keeps Down Your Water Bill The garden hose attachments shown above and at the left are parts of a new water- A small plunger stops the water when the pressure is released. The cup-shaped attachment is for automobile washing; there are several kinds of nozzles Glass Jars for Ice Box The round refrigerator set, illustrated above, consists of three glass jars fitted tightly one on top of the other, and a glass lid to cover all, Having no corners, they are very easy to clean, and an instant’s glance will tell their contents

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60 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 19% Hints for Radio Beginners What Radio Symbols Stand For Their Knowledge Aids in Correct Wiring will find a knowledge of the symbols used in wiring diagrams a big help to you in wiring up the radio set you are buildiig. Picture diagrams are good. They sliow vou, in most cases, where the instruments should be located in building the set, but wiring a set just from a pic- ture drawing will not be of much help to you in your study of the fundamental reasons as to why radio operates. And radio symbols are really so easy to understand that it will be well worth your while to study them. In most cases the symbol is just a simplified and conven- tionalized drawing of the radio part that it represents. Look over the drawings on this page. The first two at the top of the left hand I: YOU are a beginner in radio, you 7546. WHAT IT SYMBOL STANDS FOR GROUND COUPLED RADIO TUNING COILS column are for the antenna and the ground. Once you have these symbols fixed in your head, you run no chance of connecting the wrong wire to the antenna or ground binding post of your set. A B C’s of Radio UCH of the satisfaction you obtain from your set depends on the quality and con- dition of your B-battery. The life of a B-battery depends on the use that is made of it. If you have a multiple tube set, or use power tubes, under normal use you will probably have to get a new battery every four to six months. With a one or two tube set, or with a larger set that is used only an hour or two a day, thebattery may lasta yearor more. Your set will warn you of a B- battery that is nearing exhaustion in lessened volume and scratchy noises that resemble the sound of static. When you hear these noises, test the battery according to the directions given last month, and, if the voltage is low, replace the battery. Next is the symbol for a plain radio tuning coil. Below that is the symbol for two tuning coils or inductances that are arranged so that they interact magneti- cally. In other words, a radio frequency current flowing in one will cause a similar current to flow in the other. If the two coils were not supposed to act with each other, the symbols would be drawn at right angles or at some special angle, as in diagrams of radio receivers of the neutro- dyne type. T THE top of the right-hand column is the symbol of the variable condens- er, and below that is a variable condenser connected across the terminals of a tuning coil. In looking at a picture wiring dia- gram of these two parts, you would have to follow along each line that represented a wire with your eye to be sure where it actually terminated. One glance at the symbol drawing would settle all doubt. In the same way, the symbol for the grid leak and condenser can leave no doubt in your mind as to just how the leak and condenser are connected together and to the rest of the circuit. The symbol for the tube socket shows, in the same way, just which elements in the tube are connected to the different parts in the circuit. The constructional articles that appear in PopuLaR SciENCcE Monta ty showing how to build and wire radio sets, ordina- rily include both a picture diagram and a theoretical wiring diagram employing the conventional radio symbols. By care- fully comparing these two kinds of draw- ings, part for part, you will find it an easy matter to learn the symbols. Then when you start to wire a radio set, you will not have to depend on the markings on the binding posts of tuning coils, for instance. If they do not seem to fit the wiring diagram you are trying to follow, you can check up on the way the coils are connected and wire accordingly. And after you have mastered symbols as used in the conventional circuits, you will be able to analyze any new circuit you run across and see how it differs from the circuits with which you are familiar. THE WHAT IT SYMBOL STANDS FOR STATIONARY PLATES “a ROTARY PLATES AAAAAA VVVVVVV CONDENSER GRID LEAK AND CONDENSER GRID LEAD y ( FILAMENT LEADS VACUUM TUBE SOCKET June, Y It’s shoul until Lil you ¢ the | with is in solde musl the « bette so n suce time erab

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Cw June, 19 How to Solder Radio, OYA 20 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Wiring Joints Few Simple Rules Make Work Easy By Aurrep P. OU can solder every joint in wiring up a radio set and do just as good a job as a professional electrician. It’s just a matter of learning how it should be done and then practicing a bit until you get the hang of it. Like every other mechanical operation, you cannot do a good job unless you have the proper tools and materials to work with. Fortunately, soldering equipment is inexpensive. You will need a good soldering iron, either a plain iron that must be heated over the kitchen range or the electrically heated type. The latter is better, perhaps, for radio wiring because so many solder joints must be made in succession, and if you have to wait each time for the iron to heat again, a consid- erable amount of time is lost. LANE 61 Keep Renewing the Supply of Solder on the Point The rosin melts and runs into the joint from the strip solder. ing properly on the point and joint, and prevents the formation of a film over the metal polish the surfaces clean with sandpaper. After you have purchased the necessary equipment, practice soldering short pieces of wire together before you attempt wir- ing a radio receiver. Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 show the successive steps in making a good soldered joint be- tween two pieces of ordinary bus wire. Fig. 1. Bend the wire this way for a strong joint in radio work In addition to a good solder- SiR Re eee Fig. 2. Apply a little soldering a4 : paste with the end : of a match, unless you are using rosin core “‘strip’’ solder. It has its own flux Fig. 3. Apply the hot, tinned ironand hold it till the sol- der flows into the joint. Do not re- move too quickly It keeps the solder flow- press the strip solder ag@inst the iron. As the solder melts, it should flow onto the surface of the iron as oil might on a piece of glass. Rubbing the solder over the surface of the iron will assist the process. If it rolls off in globules like water on a hot stove, apply more soldering paste or file the point again and repeat the opera- tion. Continue until the whole point of the iron is brightly coated with solder. 1G. 1 shows the best way to arrange a joint between two wires. Shape the end of a scrap of wire as shown in photo and then apply a small amount of solder- ing paste to the joint with the end of a match, as shown in Fig. 2. Now apply the point of the hot iron to the joint, as shown in Fig. 3. If you have properly tinned the end of the iron, there should be a drop of solder hanging from the point. As this solder touches the solder- ing paste, there is a sizzling noise and the solder runs down and between the ing iron, you will need solder and some sort of flux to make the solder flow onto the bare metal sur- faces. The best form of solder for radio work is “strip” or “wire”’ solder, which should be half tin and half lead. Cheap solder contains too much lead and is very difficult to work with. The soldering flux prevents the forma- tion on the metal surfaces of thin coatings of oxide which hinder the solder from flowing into the joint properly. For radio work, you should avoid any soldering flux or paste that contains acid. The solder- ing pastes put up in small cans for elec- tricians’ use are good, or you can buy strip solder in the form of a hollow wire filled with rosin. Rosin makes a fine sol- dering flux, as it hardens quickly and does not creep over the surface of the work. OX point must be remembered: it \Y is impossible to make a good soldered Joint between two metallic surfaces if they are covered with corrosion. So un- ess you are soldering new, clean bus wire to the soldering lugs on radio instruments equally new and bright, you should two wires. Hold the iron in position until the whole joint is heated thoroughly. Poor solder joints are caused general- ly by too cold an iron or by failure to keep the iron in contact with the joint long enough. After the solder has flowed in properly, remove the iron and you will have the soldered joint shown in Fig. 4. Wipe off all ex- cess soldering paste. And the process is the same for any other soldered joint. In these photographs, the wires and the end of the soldering iron are enlarged more than three diameters. But before you start soldering, you must prepare the soldering iron, which always is made of copper. First, with a smooth file, go over the surface of the point until you get down to the bare, clean metal. Then heat the iron, apply a liberal amount of soldering paste, and Fig. 4. The completed joint has minimum electrical resistance and will not come loose

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62 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 19% New Sidelights on Radio Broadcast Novelties; Unusual 7 Sets; Interesting People All Aboard! Here’s the “‘Train”’ at Station WEEI This view in the studio of station WEEI, Boston, shows how the noises of a rail- way train are made to sound so realistic in your loudspeaker. The man at the left produces the chugging sounds with drum and fly swatter, rings the bell, and creates steam effects with a whistle. The ‘‘player’’ on the floor blows the ‘“‘loco- motive” whistle. The leader assists in noise making, and the “‘actress’’ reads her part An Explorer’s Set When explorer Francis Gow Smith (right, above) set out for Brazilian jungles, he car- ried this short-wave receiver with which he expects to hear programs broadcast from the United States. The top pic- ture shows the design of the set, built by J. B. Brennan New Timing Control A system of vertical condens- ers ingeniously coupled by flexible chains, so that the turning of one dial controls all three, is the recent innova- tion made by A. H. Grebe, radio engineer. He is shown here demonstrating the device wee wy YY a ~ & oy » “Tuning-in”’ in Sweden Perhaps you have wondered what foreign radio receivers look like as compared with the American brand. Here is a Swedish set as it appears in the home of Dr. Selma Lagerloef, famous writer, who is seen tuning-in. Notice how the tubes protrude through part of the front panel Superpower Vindicated Repeated tests have convinced govern- ment Officials that the use of superpower by broadcasting stations does not blanket other stations using moderate power, as was feared. At the left, Dr. J. H. Del- linger, chief of the radio laboratory of the Bureau of Standards, examining records of fifty-kilowatt tests by station WGY Jur are m int po an ca au Cis yo no Wi he N: les lo pr at au pa

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June, 1926 Take Your Radio Along How Auto Tourists Can Get Good Results with Simple Equipment By Joun CARR OU will find it worth while to carry along some kind of a radio receiving outfit on that auto camping trip you are planning. Aside from the entertain- ment, you will also tune-in much useful information, such as timely weather re- ports—always of interest to the camper— and special lectures and talks on auto camping equipment. You can carry a radio receiver on your auto camping trip without adding appre- ciably to the luggage if you carefully study your own requirements and take along nothing unnecessary. You must decide first whether you want an outfit that operates only with head phones or one with a loudspeaker. Naturally, the head phone set is simpler, less expensive and more compact than a loudspeaker set. If you decide on head phones, the most practical combination is a simple regener- ative receiver fitted with one stage of audio amplification and built into a com- pact and strong carrying case. Because of the short antenna you will be forced to use, you should increase the number of turns in the antenna coil of the tuning unit if it is of the standard three- coil type consisting of an antenna coil, a secondary coil, and a rotating tickler coil. In most cases, the number of turns in the antenna coil should be increased from fifty to seventy-five percent. You will not need an A-battery. The regular starting battery on the car will supply ample current for the filaments of the tubes of any type of set. This is true whether the set uses storage battery or dry cell tubes, for dry cell tubes work

yee gt ae Any good loop-operated set is excellent equipment for auto camping. Be sure the cabinet holds dry cell batteries and includes a built-in loudspeaker. Such outfits eliminate portable antenna and ground connections ‘and a spring battery POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY nicely on a six-volt storage battery — if suitable resistance is added in the circuit. To make a con- nection from the starting battery to the A-battery circuit, attach a length of electric light drop cord to the minus and plus A binding post of your set, and fit a trouble light plug on the end gf one wire clip on the other. Then when you want to operate the radio set, remove the dash light bulb, put the plug on the radio wire in its place, and snap the battery clip to the exposed metal of the steering wheel or dash. The tubes will light when you turn on the dash light switch. This arrangement is correct for storage battery tubes on a car with the single wire six-volt system. If you use dry cell tubes, add a fixed resistance to the circuit to balance the extra voltage. The value of this resistance will depend on the number and type of tubes in the set. Make sure that you have the positive binding post on the set actually connected to the posi- tive side of the starting battery. You will need an antenna and a ground connection. For the antenna, get about seventy-five feet of flexible insulated wire and attach to the end of a small antenna insulator. Then get about fifty feet of string. Tie one end to the insulator and attach a lead fishline sinker to the tree. 63 Z a & 7 G- EG Fe ig A Mp fe Cae. = \ <a AN

Your starting battery connected to your set as shown here will supply current to operate the tubes. A portable antenna is attached easily to a With head phones, a two-tube set will give satisfactory results other end. The sinker can be tossed over the limb of. a tree. The ground connection is also easy. All you need is an iron rod, about three eighths of an inch in diameter and a cou- ple of feet long, with one end pointed and a hole drilled in the other end for the fitting of a binding post. On rocky, dry ground, fair signals may be obtained without any ground connec- tion at all. The automobile frame will act as a ground if the filament circuit is also connected to the ground wire. RY cell B-batteries of the small size will not take up much room in your tool kit, or you may have or’build a set in which space is provided for them. For loudspeaker operation, you need a set having at least three tubes. Four tubes would be even better. Two of the tubes should be used in two stages of audio amplification, and the other two should give one stage of radio frequency amplification and a regenerative detector. The filaments of the tubes can be run from the starting battery, but it will re- quire at least ninety volts of dry cell B- battery to operate the audio amplifier end. A cone type loudspeaker or a large horn is obviously out of the question. The first is much too delicate to stand such treatment, and the latter will take up too much room. The best combination is a strongly constructed phonograph unit fitted to a short metal hori. For the auto camper who can afford. to spend more money, there are a number of very com- pact loop-operated sets availa- ble. They are built in cabinets with compartments for both A- batteries and B-batteries of the dry cell type, and with an outfit of this kind you do not need to bother about antenna equip- ment or other accessories.

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Tow Your Own Home Although this trailer can be pulled easily by a small car, it is a complete ‘‘home on wheels,”’ containing beds, kitchenette, etc. es POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 192% OT Latest Type of Equipment New Helps This Luggage Carrier Folds Up The ingenious accessory for the auto camper, above, folds up flat when not in use but can carry a large amount of equipment. Brackets are provided to clamp it to the running board A Pullman Berth in Your Sedan If you wish to avoid the trouble of a tent, the simplest way is to fit up your car so it can be turned into a sleeping compartment at night. There are a number of folding beds, like the one above, that are readily installed had with the left. Camp Stoves Cook Quickly Well-cooked food, so essential to the health of the auto camper, can be gasoline stoves, like the one at small, but are very serviceable Roof Rises When Beds Are Opened When the beds in this unusual car are swung down from each side, levers raise the top considerably to provide ample head room. When they are folded back during the day, the roof descends, eliminating top-heaviness and allowing the outfit to pass under low viaducts the latest styles of These stoves are Tent Poles That Fold Up The tent poles of this commodious and well- braced tent, right, telescope, and the whole can be made into a convenient bundle that is easily carried on any car. The weight of the camper helps to anchor securely the extended poles June,

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19% June, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 65 the Auto Camper Can Be Packed in Small Space nt Carry Your Canoe This Way If you plan to camp on the shore of a lake or stream of sufficient size, carry your canoe, but be sure to use ample padding to protect your auto top, and lash the canoe firmly in place, as shown in the illustration above ts " Car Supports Tent The tent at the left is one of many styles now on the market that are supported on one side by the camper’s auto, re- ducing the number of poles to be carried. Weight of car holds tent in place against sudden wind storms | Fills Water Tank Quickly This elaborate trailer is fitted with a suction pump that draws water directly from the pail into the supply tank. Instead of pouring in pail after pail, a hose is used and power put on : A Folding Frying Pan The handle of the frying pan at the right is so arranged that it can be folded back against the bottom of the pan. This feature saves space and prevents. the damage that is often caused by the handle digging into the rest of the equipment Sleep on Air for Comfort This air-cushion mattress is said to be a worth-while addition to the camper’s outfit. When not inflated, it takes up little room; and after a few minutes’ work with a pump makes a comfortable bed Don’t Forget First Aid Kit Every auto camper should carry a first aid kit. Neglected cuts and scratches often develop into serious cases of blood poisoning, and safety first is a good motto for campers to avoid inconveniences Edison a Camping Enthusiast This is the way (left) Thomas A. Edison carries his camping outfit. Every part of it is made to fit into a long case that occupies the entire running _ board of one side of the car. It contains everything that is needed for comfort, if not actual luxury

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66 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 192 Betore You Go Auto Camping “Now we'll show you a real tent,’’ said Henry when dinner was over. And he led the way to the car parked back of the house. “Just watch, and see how quick we can get the tent up.”’ “Gosh!”’ exclaimed Joe admiringly. ‘‘You two are the original lightning change campers—couldn’t have taken you ten minutes!”’ Gus Says Look to Your Tires, Spark Plugs, Crankcase, and Save Trouble By Martin Bunn “ ELLO, Uncle Gus. What do you know about auto camping?” called Gus Wilson’s nephew, Henry, to the older man as he stepped in- side and slammed the door of the Model Garage with a resounding crash. “What do you want to know for?” growled the veteran auto mechanic. “‘Go easy on that door the next time! What’s the big idea about auto camping? Are you and Grace fixing to take a fall out of that game?” “You guessed right the first time!” replied Henry. “That's just what we are going to do, and I want you to tell me how to get the car ready for the trip.” “Humph!” grunted Gus. “It all de- pends on where you are going, how long you expect to be on the road, and so forth. If it’s just a matter of running about fifty miles or so to the nearest camp and staying there for your whole vacation, I don’t see why you should need to make any special preparations except to see that the bus is filled up with gas, oil, and water.” i HAT’S not auto camping at all,” Henry scoffed. “I mean the real thing—every night in a different place and lots of miles covered every day.” “Gosh!” exclaimed Gus. “You are a brute for punishment! All right, if that’s the kind of a trip you want to make, there’s a whole lot of things you ought to do to the car. Let’s see—you'’ve had it a bit more than a month now. How many miles have you driven?” “Speedometer shows just over a thou- sand,”’ replied Henry. ‘ “Well,” said Gus, “they say that the first hundred years are the hardest but as far as autos are concerned, the first thousand miles usually get a bus broken in fairly well, and if anything is likely to work loose that’s when it shows up. So I guess you're all right. ‘Before you do anything else, I'd sug- gest that vou climb into a pair of overalls and go over the car with a fine tooth comb, Try a wrench on every blessed bolt and nut you.can find and see that all of them are good and tight. “And while you are going over the car, keep your eyes peeled for anything that seems queer or not just right. Note whether the gasoline pipe is fastened tight so that it can’t chafe against the frame or some other,part. When you get to the engine, watch particularly for loose hose connections and wiring that seems to be loosening up.” “How about putting some braces in to reinforce the frame?” suggested Henry. “Why do that?” Gus countered. “Your car was designed to carry five people, and if only you and Grace are going on this expedition, you certainly won't need to carry over three or four hundred pounds of baggage, and that is no more weight than three more passen- gers. Forget about frame bracing—just take it a bit easy when you strike extra rough going. “You ought to arrange a couple of extra tanks under the hood. One for When You Go Camping— Have you tightened up all the bolts and nuts ? Are the tires in good shape for a long trip? Has the crankcase been filled with fresh oil? Is your tool kit complete with rolls of tape? gasoline and the other for lubri- cating oil. The extra gas tank is only for emergency if you happen to run out, but the oil tank ought to be big enough to hold a good supply so that you won't have to depend on getting fresh oil at some crossroads store where they sell you almost anything in the way of bootleg lubricating oil. “By the way,” Gus continued, “what kind of tools did they give you with the car?” “Pretty rotten layout,” Henry replied. “The screw driver might be all right only the handle turns on the blade. The wrench must be made out of cast-iron— one of the jaws cracked right off the first time I used it, and the rest of the stuff is no better. Even the oil can leaks some- thing awful.” “f HEN,” advised Gus, “you had bet- ter go into the office and let Joe help you pick out a good kit of tools. We've got quite a stock. There’s no use going auto camping without a tool kit that is meant for business, and while you are at it get a set of chains. You may run into a spell of muddy going where they will be mighty useful. And don’t forget to include two or three spools of brass wire and a couple of large-sized rolls of tire tape. You may not need them on the car, but they'll come in handy for holding the camp equipment together when it gets smashed.” “Huh!” snorted Henry. “Nothing is going to get busted in my camp outfit. You forget how careful I am.” ““Maybe so, son,” said Gus, smiling. “But auto camping stuff like folding tents and folding stoves and what-not has to be made light, and if you don't find good use for (Continued on page 134) June, ! ~~ Tr _ hao wie Ha\ pro! lay- ing 12]

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June, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 67 Be Your Own Boss Why keep on punching the time clock? Aren’t you tired of taking or- ders from someone else? There’s nothing like being in business for yourself! Here’s your big opportunity. Grasp it. Realize your ambition. Have a profitable business of your own. Be the Johnson Floor Expert in your community. Spring, the big season, is just ahead. Now is the time to get started. We will help you build your busi- ness. Many Earn $15 to $25 a Day Be Independent! Have a home of your own—a bank account. Enjoy the comforts and Juxuries of life. JOHNSON WAX As the Johnson Floor Expert you can make big money right from the start. There’s a big demand for this service. Homes, clubs, ho- tels, stores, of- fices, schools and public buildings all want it. You can go into any home, wax- polish all the floors in just a short time and not upset the rooms at all. It’s the kind of service people appreciate — and it pays big profits! Mail coupon today for full information on the Johnson Floor Service Plan. Electric floor Polisher This ingenious Electric Floor Polisher means success, independence, a business of your own. Itwax-polishesany floor ten times faster and better than is possible any other way. Reaches under davenports, beds, buffets, desks, etc., without moving the furniture. Investment Less Than $50 Have you ever seen such an opportunity? Think of it! A profitable business of your own for less than $50! No more Johnson’s Electric Floor Polisher is simple, efficient, sturdy, light, easy to handle. Runs itself from any lamp socket. Costs less than 2 cents an hour to operate. It cuts floor maintenance costs in half. will bring you success and independence. This machine WPTTTTITITITITL LLL MAIL ME BACK TO S. C. Johnson & Son, Dept. P. S. 6, Racine, Wis. “The Floor Finishing Authorities” Please tell me how I can learn to earn $15 to $25 a lay-offs. No dull seasons. Start giving orders instead of tak- day giving Johnson Floor Service. : ing them. Have a business that will be as big as you want to PORDIN ce ven cutbnnnncntecncie. : have it. Get started now. Don’t delay. Return coupon today aie ie set rete eppacluuny : I 5 aah ois he eae re >: : Cs Re ee © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDAKDS. See page 6.

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68 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 192% Timely Aids for Car Owners Seven Ingenious Ideas for Solving Common Problems "T vie blocks of wood, some short =x tank to get you over the top of the hill. Be careful not to pump too much air into the tank, as it is not built to stand high pres- sure, and it is apt to spring a leak that will cause serious trouble. pieces of chain, and a few evebolts will supply you with material to build yourself a sure cure for getting stuck in mudholes. As shown in Fig. 1, the wood blocks are cut as large as possible and yet clear the mud guards, and then the eyebolts are fitted at each corner. The chains can be fitted at one end with snap hooks. At each revolution WO pieces of flat steel, 36 in. thick and 14% in. wide, can be filed, as shown in Fig. 3, to form a satisfactory lock for the auto. It will have to be made of the rear wheels, the back of the car is raised up about eight inches and moved along about two feet, finally getting the car clear of the mud. N PRACTICALLY all cars made today, the ignition system operates on the closed circuit prin- ciple. This means that the contact points that are used to break the current in the primary circuit of the spark coil are closed except during a very brief interval following the break which causes the spark. And as the primary circuit of the standard type of spark coil has a relatively low resistance, it is necessary to put a special resistance coil in circuit with it to limit the flow of current. This special resistance coil is ordinarily located on the spark coil as shown in Fig. 2. When your battery unexpectedly goes dead—so dead that vou cannot even start the car by hand cranking, you will find it possible to get the motor going by short-circuiting this resistance and thus permitting the greatest possible flow of cur- rent through the coil. A start can always be made in this way unless your battery is absolutely dead so that there is not the slightest amount of current left in it—a condition which is rare. The method of short-circuit- ing this resistance coil will depend on the construction of the particular type of coil in your car, but by a careful examination you will be able tosee how to connect a short piece of wire so that the cur- rent can get around the resist- ance. Theshort-circuiting wire should be removed as soon as the motor has been started, because if it is left on for any length of time the extra current may seri- ously damage the coil. XCEPT in the case of the latest model Ford car, the gas tank on all Fords is so located TUBE FROM TIRE PUMP SMALL WOOD PLUG GAS TA CAP Fig. 4. Novel scheme keeps gas flow- ing to Ford carburetor on a steep hill Will Pull You Out Fig. 1. Attaching wooden blocks with chains to rear wheels to aid in getting car out of a mudhole RESISTANCE UNIT ed GENERATOR Fig. 2. How to start a car by a short circuit when a battery goes dead Fig. 3. Lock for gear shift and emergency brake. It i3 madeof two pieces of flat steel GUIDE PINS | ee ) OLD INNER TUBE , FOLDED INSPECTION TACKS PLATE Fig. 6. Inner tube used to pre- vent bow cutting through top CASE Fig. 7. This guide pin makes it easy to remove cil pan on Ford Fig. 5. A cake tin with slot for valve makes good tube container to fit the gear shift and brake lever on your own car, of course. It can be locked with a small padlock. VERY motorist should carry along at least one spare tube when he is going on an extended trip, but there is no advantage in carrying a spare tube if it is simply thrown in the tool box and left there until needed. The constant chafing against the other tools will be sure to ruin it. The simplest possible container is a cake tin with a slot cut in the rim for the valve stem, as illustrated in Fig. 5. It should be nailed securely to the bottom of the tool compartment so that it will stay in one place and not turn over and let the tube drop out. N THE higher-priced cars, great care is taken with the top con- struction to pad the bows so_ that they will not wear through the top material, but this point is often neglected on low-priced cars. You can increase the life of the top on your car by padding the bows with old inner tubes folded and tacked in place, as shown in Fig.6. Put in the tacks about an_ inch apart and be very careful to get the section of inner tube perfectly smooth, as even one wrinkle will cut through the top material in a short time. Te oil pan on the Ford is bolted to a steel ring that is placed inside the lower section of the crankcase and, as this ring is not fastened in place except by the bolts, it is rather a difficult matter to start the first two bolts, because the ring slips out of position so easily. Trouble along this line can be eliminated easily by making up a few studs consisting of bolts of the proper size with heads cut off and slotted for a screw driver. As shown in ; Fig. 7, the studs are screwed into that when less than two gallons remain in the tank the level is so low that no gas is supplied to the carburetor on very steep hills. An ordinary tire valve fitted in the gas tank cap with a wooden plug stuck in the air inlet hole as shown in Fig. 4, will allow you to pump enough air pressure into the Ten Dollars for an Idea! ARRY LINCE, of Dearborn, Mich., wins the $10 prize this month for the wooden tire blocks, Fig. 1. Each month POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY awards $10 besides space rates for the best idea for motorists. Other published contributions will be paid for at usual rates. the inside ring through the holes in the crankcase before an attempt is made to fit the oil pan. Then, when the oil pan is slipped into place, the studs hold the inner ring in line while the remaining bolts are screwed home. After that the special studs can be re- placed with the regular bolts. june,

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY You need the saw that cuts T pays a man to buy a good saw the first time, for there is no tell- ing what he will want to do with it. He may saw a lot,—or only a little. He may work with clear, seasoned lumber. He may run into plenty of rough, heavy cutting. Probably he'll have both. Anyhow, if he needs a saw at all he needs a saw that cuts. Recognition of this fact made fame for Henry Disston. For he scrapped ancient saw-design to de- velop the fast, true, easy- cutting saw that bears his name. He trained his own saw-makers, developed his own steel, made a saw that cut well enough to build the world’s greatest saw business. For no blade takes and holds an edge like Disston Steel. No saw cuts so easily, for none is tapered and balanced like the Disston. And master-craftsmen smith and Disston D-115, the finest Disston Hand file it to cut true am The Saw Most Saw; a masterpiece of sawmaking. S Pe ~ Carpenters Use. nea | Get your saw to cut under all — = | 7 sawing conditions. Say “Disston” to any hardware dealer. Ask Disston: Tell us what work you are doing, in wood, metal, stone, ivory, rubber, leather, cloth, fibre or other materials. We will HENRY DISSTON & SONS, INC. tell you how to saw it better and easier. Disston issues many free books to aid saw users. Philadelphia, U. S.A. DISSTON This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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70 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 19% Buy separately or in assortments What does your hobby really give you? EW hobbies give more satisfaction than You can buy Stanley Tools separately and gradu- woodworking. There is keen pleasure in ally accumulate your own set. making something with your own hands, a book- For your convenience Stanley Tools are also case, boat, dog house, or any of the many things sold in assortments. You will find various sets of you would like to own. It is clean, healthy, re- fine tools in sturdy oak chests from $15.00 to laxing exercise, too. $95.00. Or there are assortments of the same good tools in strong cardboard boxes, with simple directions for making your own chest, from $5.00 to $20.00. Ask your hardware dealer to show you the full line of Stanley Tools. And send for our Catalog No. 34 which describes Stanley Tools both separ- ately and in assortments. Address: The Stanley Works, New Britain, Conn. There is no hobby that quite compares with the pleasure of working with tools. And good results require fine tools. Most carpenters use Stanley Tools—and they are the tools selected for use in manual training classes all over the country. The best tools are really the cheapest " Ask your hardware dealer STANLEY TOOLS THE MOST COMPLETE LINE © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement.signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. plete W me t impr hazy some I bel hom bit v was men builc M of a ama piec less fork my joke Y bee the Iw play Ir hou fun 4 hor the bui fur in ¢ \\ pla ane wa clo (ty ak be in gl in

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oo“ POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY My Workshop Gave Me a House I Made Most of the Furniture, Too, Though My Friends Had Laughed When My First Table Fell Apart within Three Weeks a Home Workshop enthusiast have given me a home and almost com- pletely furnished it. When first the urge to make things set me to sawing and planing at my roughly improvised bench, I think I had some hazy idea of building my own home— sometime—and, perhaps, of furnishing it. I believed all workshop enthusiasts to be home builders. Some kind of an idea-—a bit vague, but still clearly recognizable— was in my mind that the greatest achieve- ment of any such enthusiast would be the building of his home. My first attempt was the construction of a small table. The result was very amateurish; the table a failure. It fell to pieces, and was used as kindling wood in less than three weeks. So abjectly and forlornly complete was the failure, that my attempt became one of the standing jokes in my family. You home workshop addicts who have been over the road know how I felt about the failure of my table and the “kidding” I was getting. Once, when I was being playfully and, no doubt, justly ridiculed, I remarked that I intended to build a house myself, and not only do that, but furnish it as well. Today we live in a modern five room home, which I built in spare time during the last two years. In addition, I have built twelve pieces of fine walnut furniture. These we use every day in our home. Y ONLY help in the building of the house was a man to mix the plaster, one to help with the chimney, and a carpenter for a week when it was necessary to get the house in- closed before cold weather might come. At times it was difficult, working alone, especially when the frame was being lifted, when the rafters were put in place, and then when the roof was shin- gled. The last was a tedious, never-end- ing job for one working single-handed. It Was especially so for me, since I had to do it after my regular day’s work was done. Now that my house is finished, I know it will not fall down as the first table did. Last summer a tornado passed through our yard. A steel windmill eighty feet "Taito years of spare time work as By Rurus E. DEERING (Above) Mr. Deer- ing making a turned and twisted table leg with the aidofafewordinary carpenter’s tools This is the house Mr. Deering built single-handed, in spare time, from materials he salvaged himself. The photo was taken before the house was entirely finished from our house was torn down and the 400-pound steel wheel landed within two feet of our front door. Trees in the yard were torn up, but the house didn’t even shake, although two windows were broken by the force of the wind. I know, too, that our pieces of furniture will not fall apart, for we use them every day. Sol am satisfied with my house. I am not an idle man, nor one who has a great amount of leisure to devote to his workshop. I have my daily stint to do at my regular job, and it is usually nearer a ten hour day than eight. I just wanted a home and wanted it well furnished, so I found time outside of my regular work- ing hours to do it. We had an old two room house and a barn on our place. They were not fitted to our needs at ail. However, they con- tained a great amount of good, sound lumber, which I could use in building our home. F ALL the work in building our new house, the most discouraging part was the wrecking of those old buildings. I was determined to do the wrecking without destroying a single piece of lumber if I could help it. All the old shingles, which were sound as the day they had been nailed in place, were removed by driving the heads of the shingle nails through with a nailset. Prving old nails from the heavier pieces of lumber was a still more Jabo- rious and tedious task. This preliminary wrecking proved so exhausting that my ambition to build a homecame near having “died a- borning.”’ Once the old buildings were down, though, things were differ- ent, for each step in building the new house was full of in- terest and_ thrills. Putting shingles on the roof by moon- light, lathing, laying floors, building frames by lamplight, and constructing the inside part of the chimney by the dim yellow glow of an oil lamp, hard as some of these tasks were, they could not approach the heart-break- ing experiences of the previous process. I made errors, of course—the errors of a beginner—but corrected them as I went along. Some of the errors were laughable, some tragic. One (Continued on page 90)

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72 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 1926 ow to Make Woodwork Look New * OW’D you like to go upto H the house today, Dan, and try your hand at finishing some of the inside woodwork— the trim?” “Fine,” said Dan. “Mother has had a carpenter at our house and I'll have to match some old and new work. To tell vou the truth, I don’t know exactly how to go about it.” “All right, it won’t take long for you to learn. We'll stop at the paint store and get our supplies. We shall need a quart of enamel under- coater, a quart of egg-shell enamel, a dozen sheets of Number 00 ‘wet or dry’ sandpaper, a quarter pound of Number Two steel wool, two pounds of whiting, and a pound of white lead. Also, a two- inch full chisel fitch brush, a half pint of orange shellac, and a pint of alcohol; finally, a quart of egg-shell varnish and a quart of turpentine. Some of our work is new, so we'll need about three pounds of natural paste wood filler and a half pound each of raw sienna and burnt umber.” When we got to the house, we laid drop cloths on the floor by the front door. Then I had Dan make a putty from one third white lead paste and two thirds dry whiting, with a few drops of varnish, all worked in the hand to a rather stiff dough. This kind of putty dries rock hard without shrinking, can be sanded smoothly, and would not squeeze out of the joint if the panels should swell a bit during the summer. Common store putty would dry too slowly and be too soft for our purpose. Dan forced the putty into the joints with his thumb, working against the part already filled in order to pack the putty in solid. Then it was leveled off with a flexible putty knife. This putty, it should be said paren- After the enamel has been smoothed with sandpaper, as pictured below, a full- : bodied coat of enamel is brushed on as shown at left thetically, was allowed to dry for two days and then water-sanded smooth and level. When the puttying had been done, we moved the cloths over to the fireplace. We tore our Number 00 wet or dry sandpaper into eighth sheets, dipped them into the water pail, and quickly cut down the old enamel until clean and level. I ex- It's Merely a Matter of Knowing the Right W ay of Applying Varnish and Enamel By Ratpu G. WarING Specialist in Auto and Furniture Finishes the window sills for the new enamel. It never pays to lay new enamel over the old checked foundation, for the same reason that a house cannot be built safely on sand. By using varnish remover, No. 2 steel wool, and a putty knife, all the old finish was quickly taken down to the wood, which was then washed with denatured alcohol and sanded smooth, We used an old varnish brush to apply good floor varnish—the safest priming for enamels. The next day the varnished sills could be sanded and given a coat of white, made from half part undercoater and half part enamel. INDOW sills require tougher and more flexible coatings than other woodwork, owing to exposure to sun and rain. The undercoater is usually hard and brittle, while enamel is quite flexible. Two or three coats would have to be applied and about two days allowed for each to dry, after which they would be sanded lightly until smooth. The last coat used would be either the full gloss or the egg-shell enamel (we pre- ferred the latter) just as it came from the can. When the time came to enamel the door and fireplace with its mantel and moldings, I explained to Dan_ that enamel is much different in its brushing properties from shellac, varnish or paint. It has but little covering capacity or ability to hide undersurfaces, and hence fresh undercoatings are often necessary. It is much stiffer to brush, and, therefore, has to be applied in a warm room. If not handled properly, it will show brush marks and laps. In the case of the door, the inside face was flat with (Continued on page 86) plained that this new paper, although a bit more expensive than the usual flint paper, was quite eco- nomical in that it did the work quickly, without much “elbow grease,”’ and with no dust to affect the lungs and stomach. When everything was rubbed level and smooth, I had Dan wash the wood- work with a grass sponge, dry with a chamois, and then leave for a while to be sure any remaining moisture had disappeared. Then he puttied up a few little holes and other de- fects. While the fireplace and mantel were drying, I showed Dan how to scrape Dan fills the library panel work with paste wood filler. Before it hardens, the filler is wiped off across the grain ne

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June, 1926 . _ POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY | dée Hlome Workshop <x sSS<S How to Wire an Electric V/ Bracket Fixture By Georce A. WILLoUGHBY Supervisor of Electric Work, Arthur Hill Trade School, Saginaw, Mich.

OME workers find it necessary from time to time to wire an electric fix- ture or lamp. Perhaps a bracket will be- come loose or disconnected, or the fixture will “blow a fuse”’ because the wires in it have been twisted until they are broken and touch each other or the metal of the fixture. It may be desirable, also, to replace an ) SS] =

=3 old fixture with a new one. Or you may _ construct a lamp and wish to wire it in | accordance with the best practice. The following instructions refer especial- ly to the wiring of a bracket, but they also apply to the wiring of any similar device. Obtain a sufficient amount of fixture wire, double it, push it through the fixture, —_

= ee —— ———$——— | Kraeuter Needle-Nose Side-Cutting Pliers No. 1661—6 in. ————— sas « — eine ee = —<——— Just the Right Pliers for Every Job HY DO YOU always see the han- W dies of Kraeuter pliers sticking out of the pocket of a first class me- chanic’s overalls? Because they STAND UP-—long after ordinary pliers would be thrown on the junk pile. —— as,

Their teeth grip tight and hang on— because they are tempered with scien- tific accuracy. ‘itn raeuter Their wire cutters really cut—not only Slip-Joint Pliers h b duri f No. 356—6 in. when new, but during many years o - continued service. YOU need a pair of Kraeuter pliers whether you use them in your work or for recreation—and among the 120 styles and sizes made by Kraeuter there is a plier precisely suited to your needs. On Sale Wherever Good Tools Are Sold KRAEUTER « PLIERS ° Kraeuter “Ask any Mechanic” i232, No. 1973—5!4 in.

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—_— —— ——— a Take the socket apart (1), screw cap on fix- | ture (2), connect wires (3),andreassemble (4) and then cut it in two. If this cannot be , done, push a stiff wire through the fixture first and pull the fixture wire with it. Be careful the wires are not abraded, twisted or broken. The diagrams show graphically the necessary steps. Disassemble the socket | to be used on the fixture (Fig. 1) by apply- ing pressure with the thumb at the point marked “press.” Screw the cap of the | socket (Fig. 2) onto the small threaded | part of the fixture. Push, or pull, the | fixture wire through the fixture and allow for connecting the socket at one end and the feed wires at the other end. Tie an Underwriters’ knot in the fixture wire, carefully remove the covering from the required amount of wire at the ends, twist the strands of each end together, turn them once around the binding screws, and cut off the excess wire (Fig. 3). Be sure that uncovered wires cannot touch each other. The wired fixture ready for connecting to the feed wires is shown in SJ PLIERS senate DX iss< KRAEUTER P¥0018 X< © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. = a —————

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74 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 192% A Ship Model Anyone Can Build Materials for Simplified Spanish Galleon Cost $5 By Captain E, ArmitaceE McCann E COME now to the pleasant work of embellishing the hull of our Spanish galleon ship model with its small fittings, and raising the bil- lowing spread of gaily painted canvas. If by any chance you missed last month’s article, in which the construction of the hull was described, you can obtain a copy of the May issue from PoruLaRr ScrENCE MonrtuLy’s circulation depart- ment or send for blueprints that give the necessary information (see page 93). Two anchors (A, Fig. 7) are needed. The shanks and arms of these may be cast in bronze, cut from lead pipe, whittled from wood, or bought ready- made. The shanks should be about 2 in. long. The stocks are about the same length as the shanks; they are wood with a hole bored to take the shank. The rings are wire. Stain the stocks brown and paint on black rings to represent the clamping bands. The remainder should be a green-bronze color. The guns are cut from small wooden dowel sticks. Those for the main deck are 3% in. in diameter and 1 in. long, shaped as shown at B, Fig. 7, with a small belt pin driven in the inboard end. The carriages C are 34 in. long, cut with a fretsaw from a square stick of soft wood 8¢ in. square. They are painted black, and all the guns are antique bronze. The orlop (lower) deck guns are similar, but the inboard ends are not finished off. Four of the upper deck guns are longer, so that their butts can be glued against the center piece. The falcon guns are about % in. long, and thinner; a _ piece of

copper wire is passed 6 Pa — T AND F T SAILS S10 SHAPE. fe v

Fig. 1. The model is superbly decorative and really authentic

In constructing this model it will save you much time if you use Home Workshop Blueprints Nos. 46 and 47, which you may obtain for twenty-five cents each from the Blueprint Service Department of PopuLtar ScreENcE MontTuH ty, 250 Fourth avenue, New York City. through a hole in each of them and brought together underneath and twisted to form a swivel stand. There might also be two long thin guns on the forecastle; and two should project from the stern gallery. The wreaths around the gun openings and the gun ports are all made in one

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Ik BASE Y= Fig. 2. A conven ional view to illustrate the general arrangement of the rigging and sails, Compare with the rigging plan in Fig. 5 on page 82 and to indicate the coloring of the hull. =e | LANTERN: See page 93 piece of thin, tough cardboard. The out- side diameter of the circle is 1% in.; in the center, three 14 in. cuts are made and the square center flap is bent up, to represent the port. The rim is gilded and the port painted scarlet on both sides. These are glued over each opening. Paint all these parts and lay them aside for the present. For the rigging of the ship, a few addi- tional tools will be handy: a pair of good embroidery scissors, tweezers, and some needles (No. 7 crewel are best). You will also want some good cord, such as fishing line—some about as thick as 12 sheets of this magazine; some about half that, for the rigging; and some bead or purse twist of luster cotton or silk of a rich brown color (it can be dyed if necessary). The masts and yards are made from dowel sticks, 24 and 14 in. in diameter. These are round birch rods, ordinarily 3 ft. long, which can be obtained at almost any hardware store. The lengths are given in the rigging detail, Fig. 5. The main- mast is 3¢ in. at the step (bottom), taper- ing to the top (see Fig. 4); the topmast is slightly thinner, and the topgallant mast still thinner. The foremast is a little smaller than the main, and the mizzen- mast than the fore. The bowsprit tapers from ?xs to 3y in. Cut the end of the bowsprit 35 in. square, and for the sprit-topmast take a piece of the 34-in. dowel and cut a hole to fit the bowsprit end at a slant. When the bowsprit is in (Continued on page 2)

N T ap 'essenti ‘combir ‘posts ¢ | tive gr | The 4 by 4 and e3 occupi | With f is that and ree The ‘effect | center either s to cent For | the pie | break was pl proper] | arches

When « does no

iat the | equidis lengths | across tom en of “tw Caps | the low Four by caps, a ported To p the ho “two b outer p The ni these | stringe as are : the str: an add The Sure of ting up Thre two. P the col or gara | Turn | the Hor

Page 79

June, 1926

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

ite Klome Workshop. Combining a Laundry Yard with a Grape Arbor By C. L. MELLER

a premium and where it is especially ‘essential that every effort be made to ‘combine beauty and utility, the clothes _posts can be put up to form an attrac- tive grape arbor. The one illustrated was built of eight 4 by 4 in. uprights set 3 ft. in the ground and extending 7 ft. above. The area occupied is about 20 by 12 ft. over all. With four posts at either end, the effect is that of three open panels at both front and rear. The middle panel with its arch and fan effect is 4 ft. 6 in. wide from center to center of the posts, while the panel to either side measures 2 ft. 6 in. from center to center of the posts. For the arches, 1-in. material was used, the pieces being laid together so as to break the grain. The fan-shaped effect ‘was produced by mortising thin strips

‘arches and bolting these solidly together

| : “heal fe a.

When embellished in this way, a laundry yard does not detract from the neatness of the garden

‘at the lower end. To keep the strips equidistant from each other, two short ‘lengths of the same material were tacked ‘across them, spaced as shown. The bot- tom end of the fan was bolted to a length of “two by four”’ set in the ground. Caps 2 in. thick and 6 in. square, with | the lower end beveled, surmount the posts. Four by four inch stringers rest upon these ‘caps, and the ends of the arches are sup- ported upon these stringers. To provide places into which to screw the hooks for the lines, short lengths of “two by fours” connect the posts of each outer panel about 5 14 ft. from the ground. The narrower uprights spaced between these lower “‘two by fours” and the stringers are pieces of 2 by 2 in. lumber, as are also the short crosspieces on top of the stringers, which will serve in time as an additional support for the grapevines. _ The secret of a good job lies in being sure of all your measurements before cut- ting up the lumber. Three coats of paint are better than two. Perhaps the best effect results when ithe color matches the trim of the house or garage near which the arbor is erected. Turn to page 78 for the continuation of hand the Home Workshop Department. N THE small yard, where space is at |

properly spaced into the under side of the |

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IS] This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS, See page 6.

Page 80

76

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

June, 192 1

aaienainnentieall

Ways to Hurry Up That Milling Job

Iu" ny OY AN \ By A.sert A. Dowp Consulting Engineer “VE been transferred to the milling | department again, Mr. Grimes,” re- marked Harvey one morning to the efficiency engineer, “and Id like to come up to your house again for some more dope on feeds and speeds. There are several jobs coming along that I want to be sure to start right.” “Come up tonight, if vou like,” Grimes responded heartily. “Ill be home all the evening. But while I’m here, let me see two or three of the jobs you have in mind.” ‘““Here’s a good one right here,”’—and Harvey pointed to a number of work boxes containing steel shafts (A, Fig. 1). “Tve got fifteen hundred of those shafts to mill a three quarter inch spline cut in. After that I shall have to mill those brass bars over there (B, Fig. 1) and probably those cast-iron cover plates (C, Fig. 1).” “Those will do very well, Harvey,” said Grimes. “I'll take a look at the fix- tures you will have to use and get blue- prints of the pieces, so ['!! be all ready for you when you come up.” Promptly at 7:30 that evening Harvey appeared, notebook in pocket, all ready for business. : OW,” said Grimes, plunging into the subject directly, “you must always bear in mind that while the teeth of a milling cutter are at work each tooth is being air cooled for a good part of the time in each revolution. Look at this sketch (Fig. 2). The cutter A is milling across the work B. Then any tooth, as X, only cuts from Y to N; the rest of the rev- olution is through the air, allowing it to cool off. On account of this cooling effect, it is often possible to use speeds for milling that are from ten to twenty percent faster than for turning or boring.” “When you speak of speeds in milling,” Har- vey asked, “don’t you mean the number of revolutions per minute the cutter makes?” “That’s the idea ex- actly,” replied Grimes. “You figure the cutter speed the same as_ if figuring turning or bor- ing, as I told you the last time you were here.” The formulas are: C =Cutting speed in feet per minute. D = Diameter of cutter. R= Revolutions per minute. eat

Then CX4 R= D~ and RxD C= — “All right,” said Harvey, “I’ve got that all down in my notebook.” “Now,” continued Grimes, “take the first job of yours (shown at A, Fig. 1). You've got to cut'a keyway three quarters of an inch wide through the shaft shown. The keyway is three eighths of an inch deep and the length of cut is seventeen and one quarter inches. The question is, what feeds and speeds can we use and “fey. =" | © -—_ 14 Fig. 2. Upper diagram: Milling cutter at work. Fig. 3. (Lower): Figuring table travel to .752, to be handled in one cut without trouble. C. Method of holding. Two pieces at a time side by side in a fixture, very solid and rigid. If a very solid, heavy fixture is used with good clamps, it is possible to cut much faster than if a light fixture and clamps are used. D. Lubrication of cutters. There must be plenty of oil flowing down over the cutters to cool them and lubricate the work. E. Type of machine used. This is im- portant because power and rigidity are needed for a job of this kind. F. Arbor support. In any kind of mill- ing, the support for the arbor should be as close to the cutters as possible to pre- vent springing. “Now we've got it all, I guess, Har- vey.” “Well, I hope so,” laughed Harvey. “Do I have to think of all this every time I do a job? I’m afraid I'll get brain fag!” “Don’t get impatient! The material is cold rolled steel; we can cut this at eighty or ninety feet per minute, with a normal feed.” “But how do I know what a normal feed is?” (Continued on page 102) —o time-saving shop ideas are contained in the continuation of the Better Shop Methods Department, which you will find on pages 100 to 108.

June, 192 — Sl Acad (8

Page 81

June, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 97 a hard pair A Starrett Pistol Grip Hacksaw Frame No. 169 —and a Starrett Hacksaw. Just try that combination once and you'll find you have the answer to your hacksaw troubles. The frame hangs in the hand like a ‘gat,’ there’s plenty of finger room in the handle and the hard rubber grip just fits the hand. Takes any blade from 8 to 12 inches and can be set to cut in any of four directions. If you’re looking for a realhacksawframe and |; some blades that ‘‘Cut quicker and last longer,”’ 6 ask your dealer for Starrett Frame No. 169 and some No. 252 or No. 250B Starrett Flexible Hacksaws. Write us for free copies of The Starrett Hack- saw Book. Starrett Hacksaw Chart and Starrett Catalog No. 23-W. THE L. S. STARRETT CO. W orld’s Greatest Toolmakers 4 Manufacturers of Hacksaws Unexcelled ’ Steel Tapes—Standard for Accuracy ATHOL, MASS. ie Use Starrett Hacksaws © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Page 82

78 TRADE

m is inside

HE finely finished exterior of every Yale Padlock is no more perfect than its ingenious inner mechanism—the tum- blers, levers and bolts hidden away inside, which are respon- sible for the smoothness of action and the security. Yale Padlocks, like all Yale products, are masterpieces made by master workmen—in- spected ; tested; proved at every step in their manufacture and after the final assembly they are subjected to a last thorough inspection to make sure that they are right. They are mas- terpieces for protection. There is a Yale Padlock suit- able for every need. The Yale & Towne Mfg. Co. Stamford, Conn., U.S. A. Canadian Branch at St. Catharines, Ont. YALE MARKED IS YALE MADE

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 1925

(> {1 it hh Ff J << <— a it Ll ( 2 HEH SS

Joloune Worl Ss. OJ)

Simple Pocketknife Carving’ How to Make Attractive Panels for Furniture and Ornaments for Home Decoration By Marie Cuitps Topp Art Instructor, Shortridge High School, Indianapolis The charming figure of a little girl with a cat was carved mainly with a pocketknife, from a block of wood 3 in. square and 7 in. long. In the circle is shown a striking paper weight of carved wood. It has been appropriately finished in brown stain with a suggestion of oil colors E USUALLY. fight shy of wood ; carving because we feel that it is too difficult and tedious. I shall tell you a story of a fifteen-year-old girl and of a boy a few vears older who made | some useful and beautiful articles in wood carving with little aid of tools besides their own sharp pocketknives. The boy felt a natural inward urge to decorate his own room. He set about carving a panel with historic Viking ships for his design idea. He used, for refer- ence, Chatterton’s book, “Sailing Ships,” which gives some good black and white | drawings to copy. He wanted this panel for the front of a gumwood treasure chest, which he was making for his room. The work was so admired for its strength and simplicity of design that he was asked to sell his chest. This he would not do, but he took an order for ancther on which he is now working. A young girl I know heard her mother express a wish for carved wood book ends, or “book rocks” as they sc-netimes are called. She used a Norwegian ship in full sail on a rough sea for her design. The photograph of this pair of book ends is reproduced on page 80. She used only

3 ey |

Miss Todd at work cutting out the background of a carved furniture panel (above). Decorative pan- els of the crow-and-pitcher type (at left) are of a sim- ple nature and can be made with surprising ease by any home worker who wishes to add distinction to his homemade furniture. The designs may be copied from books or magazines t b- es ena ‘Or ey a Sloyd knife, a pocketknife, and one small V-shaped carving chisel. The work was stained brown; then vermuilion red (or orange red), and blue-green oil paints (tube colors) were rubbed into the wood after the stain dried. Last of all, after the stain and color had set overnight, she waxed her work with a cloth and brush. She had completed and sold a second pair the week after her first pair was finished. A panel with “Three Bears in the Wood” used as a motif was made by a sixteen-year-old girl, who had previously made only one other small panel. This panel was designed for a small door to a child’s bookcase. Yellow poplar was the wood used. Two 4-in. clamps held her panel to the table while she was working. She used a pocketknife, a straight chisel, and a V-shaped chisel. Wood is such a clear, refreshing ma- terial to handle, and it seems to carry with it a breath of the forests and to sing a song of life in the open. Only a small amount of material is necessary to begin this fascinating craft at home. The best woods to use at first are gum- wood, yellow poplar, or mahogany. Many workers will turn (Continued on page 79)

IS) This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

nati firs! dur lind sho and rou to for tur fro wit en\ for als wo sig for de no al tu gi y

Page 83

SE eww June, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 79 [ He lomae Workshop| Simple Pocketknife Carving (Continued from page 78) naturally to basswood or common pine first, but these woods split too easily for durable work. California sugar pine and linden wood, however, are good. Wood should be ordered planed and kiln-dried and free as possible from all knots or rough places. Usually it is not desirable to have the grain show in pieces chosen for panels or wood sculpture. The paper weights with the frog and turtle motifs (illustrated) were carved from yellow poplar. A magazine knife with a bird design for the handle and an envelope knife opener with a dog’s head for a handle were carved from gumwood; also an umbrella handle from the same wood. Freehand drawing of an original de- sign in outline and the right proportions for the practical object to be made or decorated are desirable. Yet many could not do wood carving if freehand drawing and original design were essential. For- tunately, it is a simple matter to find good designs for tracing or copying. ANY historic architectural designs may be obtained from your library or art museum. The work is more inter- esting if applied to some simple, useful objects. A panel of wood that may be used for a box cover or small smoker's cabinet door is a good thing to begin upon. Panels for chairs, for beds or bed- side tables and for over-mantel decora- tion may be carved. Much of the charm of some of the old wood carving lies in its crudeness, and this quality brings it within the power of the beginner to reproduce. A collector of antiques not long ago was looking about to find an amateur who would re- produce for him the missing part of an old piece, knowing that a professional could not give the naive treatment re- quired. Let the first design be in low relief on a panel, such as the “Three Bears” motif from a child’s book. It is best to make the drawing in full size on paper and then transfer it to the wood by means of carbon paper. A rather deep line is incised or cut with the knife around the entire design. This is done to protect part of the design from splitting off when a lateral pressure is used to lower the background. HE first outline cutting on a panel with the point of the pocketknife should be to a depth of 4% to \% in., ac- cording to the depth of the background desired. Though the background may be taken out with a sharp pocketknife very successfully, rapidity in work is obtained by using, besides the knife, a small, straight, 44-in. wood chisel and a small mallet: In a girls’ camp in Oregon last summer, I saw very good wood-carved panels for box tops and chests made of California sugar pine, and done with a knife only. Very small, thin pieces of wood are cut away first so that (Continued on page 80) Bringing Them [Millions of Miles Nearer The Powerful Telescope, to be Powerful and True, depends on Good Tools for its Construction Place your eye at the end of a modern telescope and bring al- | most within your grasp the | myriad worlds lying millions of | miles away in space. But, for Science to advance still further into the realms of the Unknown, —instruments must be made even more carefully than the most powerful telescope of today, and these instruments of the future will be built by good tools —Tools of Brown & Sharpe Quality. Mechanics need Brown & Sharpe Tools whenever they need to do work accurately. Remem- ber, there is no substitute for the quality of Brown & Sharpe Tools. Send for the Brown & Sharpe Small Tool Catalog No. 30. Your copy will be forwarded gladly up- on request. This Universal Bevel Pro- tractor No. 495 is but one of over 2300 Brown & Sharpe Precision Tools. Many of these tools are daily aiding in the manu- facture of highly accurate scientific instruments. BROWN & SHARPE TOOLS Brown & Sharpe Mfg.Co. Dept-P.S. Providence. R. 1, U.S.A. | © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Page 84

80 What becomes of the empty tobacco tins? Of course, to most people an empty tobacco tin is just something to throw away. But there are exceptions. A railroad fireman started a pile of Edgeworth tins on the American desert as a short of shrine, he says. Passengers and employees, according to his story, caught the spirit and the pile grew fast. Another smoker writes from Egypt that he has scattered Edgeworth tins along the Nile and succeeded in placing one in the innermost chamber of a Pharaoh’s tomb. A telegraph operator says he uses Edge- worth tins as amplifiers for the Morse code that comes in over his various wires. Still another use is brought to light by Mr. L. C. Quinn of New York. He says: ; New York City Larus & Bro. Co. Richmond, Va. Gentlemen: As a member of the Edgeworth Club, I want to tell you of a little scheme I have to help the game along. When I take the last pipeful from the blue can, I always set it up in some conspicuous place where it may be seen by passengers on the sub- way or elevated platforms, or in an office window where passersby may have their attention mutely drawn to this very good smoking tobacco, which I have been using for eleven years. Maybe other members of the Club would like to follow suit when they have an opportunity. Yours very truly, L. C. Quinn. To those who have never tried Edgeworth, we make this offer: Let us send you free samples of Edge- worth so that vou may put it to the pipe test. If you like the sam- ples, you'll like Edgeworth wher- ever andwhenever you buy it, for it never changes in quality. Write your name and address to Larus & Brother Company, 10R 5. 2ist Street, Rich- mond, Va. We'll be grateful for the name and ad- dress of vour tobacco dealer, too, if you care to add them. Edgeworth is sold in various sizes to suit the needs and means of all purchasers. Both Edgeworth Plug Slice and Edgeworth Ready-Rubbed are packed in small, pocket- size packages, in handsome humidors hold- ing a pound, and also in several handy in- between sizes. To Retail Tobacco Merchants: If your jobber cannot supply vou with Edgeworth, Larus & Brother Company will gladly send you prepaid by parcel post a one- or two- dozen carton of any size of Edgeworth Plug Slice or Edgeworth Ready-Rubbed for the same price you would pay the jobber. On your radio—tune in on WRVA, Richmond, Va. ] —the Edgeworth station. Wave length 256 meters. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 1926 the knife blade may not be broken. Tooling your background lower nearest the raised design and a trifle higher to- ward the border edges gives the effect of higher relief for the center of interest in the design chosen. No sharp edges should be left in the raised design pattern. Keep vour tools sharp, and use an oil- stone and oil. After your first panel is completed, be sure to wipe off all waste particles of wood before applying a good wood stain. For this use a camel’s-hair or ox-hair brush. A brown walnut stain is good and may be dark or light, depending upon whether it is thinned. Let this dry several hours, then rub in a little color in enamel or oil paints, rubbing this off partly. When this dries until the next day, wax the carving as one would a piece of wax- finished furniture. The greater portion of the design al- wavs should show the knife strokes, in order to produce the most artistic effect. Never sandpaper if you can possibly avoid it. Ifa little sandpapering is neces- What can be accomplished by the beginner is illustrated by this turtie paper weight sary, the finest quality should be used and only after you are through with knife work. Colors that give good effects with the mellow brown tones in wood stains are emerald green, red-orange or Chinese vermilion, and red-violet. Any good hard- wood floor wax may be used and rubbed gently into the surface with a brush similar to the ordinary finger. nail brush. For the figurines in wood sculpture, small strips of lumber 3 by 3 in. in thick- ness and any length may be used. Always work ts limitations of the raw material. That means, plan your design drawing for the width and thickness of the piece of wood you intend to use. The wood- sculptured figure pictured on page 78 is about 7 in. high. We now take a step in advance of carv- ing the panel. We carve in more than two dimensions in order to express human or animal forms in the round. The drawing usually is placed on the strip of wood and marked with a pencil as to length first. Then a block may be sawed off about one eighth of an inch longer than the desired figure. At least three views of the design should be drawn, unless the carver is so gifted with a vision of things in the “round” that he can carve without drawing. A small coping saw is used to saw Simple Pocketknife Carving (Continued from page 79) The young girl who carved these book ends made and sold a second pair within a week away all surplus corners of the block, but as you approach the form to be carved from the center of the block you must work carefully with the pocketknife or Slovd knife. The base or pedestal is in one piece, at- tached to the form carved. Nature suggests the various shapes of knife strokes for representing textures of all kinds, such as the bark of a tree, the roundness of a cloak on a human figure, the fur on an animal, or the beauty of tree growths such as pine cones. Always work as much as possible in the direction of the grain of the wood. If the amateur carver is not skilled enough to carve the features of the face, he need not be daunted, because after a good oval shape for the head is obtained he may paint the features from a trans- ferred design on the surface. The hair and part of the clothing may be repre- sented in the same way. The color, how- ever, should always be secondary to the beauty of form and proportion in this work. UR art museums show fine examples of old carved wood chests from which amateurs may select charming designs. Literature is rich in characters that may be sketched. Plates of animals and bird forms in photographic reproductions from life sketches may be had in the art rooms of any public library. If the wood carver is fortunate enough to be able to sketch from life, he finds many subjects in our city streets. The “child and pet cat”? was sketched first from life, as have been many other figures the writer has carved. You may model in wax or clay first and then make a replica, if that is a more natural mode of expression for you. This work in wood sculpture has great fascination for the amateur worker. Its crudeness and simplicity are one of its great charms, as well as its durability, which is far greater than that of pottery or porcelain. And when you finally see definite forms emerge from shapeless wood under your fingers, you know some- thing of the joy of the real sculptor. IS) This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. June, | A issue (pag: cient elab« box oppo use 1 an € that piece A with box A. in. W cont. osag holly wyal a po mahi Di: and are 1 WOO form cutte Woo hold The tenec bolt centr two ; inser catec blad each. _—___

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ne, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 81 June, Remarkable Homemade Jewel Casket Contains 1000 Pieces MATEUR woodworkers whoread the | article on inlays, in the August, 1925. issue of PopuLarR ScrencE MontHLy (page 98) and have experimented suffi- ciently to undertake a more or less elaborate project, will find that a jewel box or casket. offers an especially good it opportunity to practise inlaying. The d use to which such a box is put warrants st an elaboration of detail and ornament ~ that would be out of place in a larger piece of furniture. "a A good example of what can be done with a little patience and care is the jewel of box illustrated, which was made by Edwin of A. Griffin of Hoopeston, Ill. It is 34% he e., | e e of | Pf will prove, beyond all doubt, the claims men make Vs | e e e "a for this unique shaving cream ed | eT Let us send you a 10-shave tube to try a ed | ~ E’'VE built Palmolive Shaving We tried and discarded 130 formulas ws | Cream toa national business suc- before finding the right one. We put | cess by making few claims for it. We our 60 years of soap experience behind ‘i | let it prove its case by sending a 10-day this creation. The result is a shaving w- - test tube free to all who ask. cream unlike any you have ever tricd. A lavishly inlaid jewel box 314 by 314 by 5 Soe eee ey ree . o made by Edwin A. Griffin, Hoopeston, III. a _ “so ayindaoe agra ped Five advantages in. wide, 314 in. high and 5 in. long, and few years. Nearly all of the men who !- a i gp 250 a contains 1000 pieces of wood, including once try this unique creation become = ?- vr; yeni tnd Bigtnnse “y illn ag 7 ; 7 nt ae LL: sgular users. 3. Maintains its creamy fullness for 10 les osage orange, sycamore, birch, white regu cnltisineamtie: tame. ch | Ff} holly, black walnut, and Porto Rican Bhi a ~~ oblast if shal 4. Strong bubbles hold the hairs erect 1s. wvaba wood. The feet were carved with ee ee eee Te i ingen for cutting. ay | }/@ pocket knife from hard Porto Rican | sid — i isl ag pio ei aie 5. Fine after-cffects due to palm and rd mahogany. | ) ' olive oil content. ‘t ||| Discarded Safety Razor Blades _ 130 formulas tried Just send coupon ir ‘ of Before offering Palmolive Shaving Your present method may suit you well. } Used for a Noodle Cutter Cream, we asked 1000 men their su- But still there may be a better one. This ” ISCARDED safety razor preme desires inashavingcream. Then test may mean much to you in comfort. “i blades, after being scalded met them exactly. Send the coupon befcre you ferget. ie and cleaned rst are mounted in a TH PALMOLIVE COMPANY (Del. Corp.), CHICAGO, HEE. res AR ‘ lel wooden holder to To add the final touch to shaving luxury, we have created Palm- : form the noodle ; olive After Shaving Talc—especially for men. Doesn't show. Leaves a cutter illustrated PA HH the skin smooth and fresh, and gives that w ell-groomed look. Try _" of y . my the sample we are sending free with the tube of Shaving : . : W ood separators ll Cream. There are new delights here for every man 399 & aN hold blades apart who shaves. Please let us prove them to you. eee rat TI f : 3 ; Clip coupon now. Sage a < 3 | he whole is fas- B — Ayr [ts , - 7 = Se, : tened together bya ey, | ! HL: ao oe i 10 SHAVES FREE | olt through the i : : LY, + and a can of Palmolive After Shaving Talc fe central hole, and = oor if j Si ins r 1 address and mail to ce || | tWo small pins are ‘(My PINs Saale, neers Fee almotive Company (Del. Corp.) ess inserted as indi- 4 ye oS cekaan ot Wheater cheat ehirees The Palm- wr cated to keep the WOOD SEPARATORS olive Company (Wis. Corp.) Milwaukee, Wis. | F| blades in line with : ‘ The blades ere fit- | Be = ~\ Ob OG VT A fm cee eee eee eee ce ee eee each other.-F.N.C. tedin a woodholder | BOP yee Beer — eee xe, | © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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The live spring in the makes “Yankee’’ No. 130 the Quick-Return Spiral Screw- driver. It’s like play to work with “Yankee” Quick- Return Spiral Ratchet Screw-driver No. 130-A. Only one hand is nec- essary to drive (or draw) screws in the most dif- ficult places with this “Yankee” World- Standard Spiral Driver. The spring in handle brings handle back after each push and keeps blade in screw-slot, leav- ing one hand free to hold work. Just push! The spring in handle and the ** Yan- kee”’ spiral do the work for you—and save your time. “YAN KEE” Quick-Return Spiral Ratchet Screw-driver No. 130-A Right-hand Ratchet, Left-hand Ratchet and

Rigid. Three sizes of bits. No. 130-A. Standard size No. 131-A. Heavy pattern No. 135. Light pattern “Yankee Spiral Ratchet Screw-drivers, without the Quick-Re- turn feature, No. 30-A, No. 31-A, No. 35. Some other “Yankee”’ Tools: Plain Screw-drivers Ratchet Breast and Hand Drills Ratchet Bit Braces Automatic Feed Bench Drills ; Automatic Push Drills Vises, Removable Base “Yankee” on the tool you buy means the utmost in quality, efficiency and durability. Dealers everywhere sell “Yankee’’ Tools. Write for free copy of “Yankee” Tool Book, of interest to those who love good tools. North Bros. M fg. Co., Philadelphia, U.S. A. "YANKEE" TOOLS Make Betlov Mechanica, handle POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

position, the sprit topmast must be up- right (Fig. 5). Above this hole, shave the sprit-topmast abruptly to 4 in. and then taper to 3% in. at the top. Put a thin wire binding under the hole and cut off close. The trucks (X) at the top of the masts are half round %s-in. button molds, glued on the mastheads and gilded. The yards taper from the center to the ends; each is a bit smaller than the one below. The flagstaff is about 3% in. all the way up. These spars are all stained dark oak, varnished, and rubbed dull with pumice stone and water. It is easiest to join the three parts of each mast together before stepping them. First the tops will be needed (G, Fig. 7). They are cut from the three-ply wood 1144 in. in diameter for the lower tops of the foremasts and mainmasts, and 114 in. for the other four, one going on the sprit- topmast. In the center is bored a hole just sufficient to take the mast under

Fig. 3. Piercing holes in deadeyes, which are made from celluloid knitting needles them; on each side are two crescent slots, which are the lubber holes for passing the shrouds through; and on the outside edges, abreast of the mast hole, are two holes in the upper tops and three in the lower. Around each of them, except the one for the sprit, is glued cardboard lat- tice work, painted scarlet. To join up the masts, bore a hole in the mast under the point where the top or cap is to come, push an inch of teothpick

A Model Anyone Can Build (Continued from page 74) mast in position so that it rests on the cap, and lash it to the top of the lower mast, passing a few turns of the cord between the masts. Invert and _ nail through the cap into the heel of the top-

Fig. 4. Captain McCann tapers masts and yards by drawing them over a sharp plane mast so that they will be slightly apart. A steadying nail may then be driven through the two masts. Fix the top- gallant mast on in the same manner. Insert the assembled masts in the hole in the deck, so that the topmast is before the lower mast, and the topgallant before the topmast. From the top of the lower mast, run some cords to the ship’s sides and bow, to steady it firmly in position—upright but raking slightly aft (leaning backward). The foremast is almost vertical, the main rakes a little more, and the mizzen more still. You will now need 96 deadeyes (J) with which to set up the rigging. They can be made from boxwood, but are more easily made from celluloid knitting needles. They should be about % in. in diameter for the lower, and 34 for the upper. With a fretsaw or small file, cut grooves in the needle 1¥ in., or rather less, apart; then, with the saw or sharp chisel, cut the needle in sections between, not at, the grooves. Then (Continued on page 83) th - ~

bore a a hot « is infla has bot catchin precaul To | side, ¢ Fig. 7. deep, the mi Thev | edge ¢ groove the gr slant j Ti 1] deade: of the deade Take | ilar d throu.

lower deade even, Ta’ cotto top | throu ting faste dead matt Tu the « first there and and side. A nels. arou thro und eves V are. Hit pas: to 1

through it, place the gf cap on, hold the top 4:4 \_ te Sean 6% ‘ Tie ee ’ 4 ES e *, 8 - ‘ Oy i . y" Oe gO tO 6 ; as 4, Deade eS 6” ii > \ : , \ : a x. i \ | r MG 2 SN O° al ~yF \ ae \ i \ . \ \ 22 opty ' ne ot saat \ | 7, “6h” DOX\ , \ aI 2 = GENSAT ‘Block ‘4 a | 7; “ Cothead ---» 3. Deadleyes Q Ygrte3 ; a eT N

Fig. 5.

to suit the yards. Showing the masts, yards, bowsprit, shrouds, braces, and stays.

pli il The sails are cut Small deviations from the plan will not affect the appearance of the model

© This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

tigl get rigs anc line eac kec she

ma lar do fin th lio de tis

Page 87

1924 e 9 d il ‘ June, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY A Model Anyone Can Build (Continued from page 82) hore a triangle of three holes in each with a hot darning needle (Fig. 3). Celluloid is inflammable and, although the writer has bored hundreds this way without one catching fire, it is essential to take every precaution against a blaze. To keep the rigging clear of the ship’s side, channels are used as at K and L, Fig. 7. These are * in. thick by °j in. deep, of wood, with seven grooves for the main and four grooves for the fore. They are glued and nailed at the lower edge of the bulwark, with the forward groove level with the mast. In line with the grooves, bore holes with an upward slant just above the lower molding. AKE No. 20 brass wire, bend it so that it fits snugly in the groove of a deadeye, then carry it down in the groove of the channel and into the hole below, the deadeye being close above the channel. Take a piece of vour thick cord, tie a sim- ilar deadeyve to it, pass the other end up through the lubber hole, around the lower mast, and down, fastening another deadeyve to the end so that they both lie even, slightly above the rail. Take two needles threaded with strong cotton or silk, fasten each thread to one top hole in the deadeye, and carry each through one in the lower, and so on, set- ting the threads up tight together and fastening off round the shroud above the deadeye. You will find this a simple matter if vou study J, Fig. 7 Turn the model around and do this to the other side, and proceed alternately, first on one side and then the other. As there are uneven numbers at the main and mizzen, the first will be “swifters” and pass over the top and down the other side. nels, or chain plates, so use thin wire around the lower deadeves, pass it underneath. Do the same with the dead- eves that come into the tops. HEN all the rigging is set up, it are of thick thread, such as button thread. Hitch a length to the left-hand shroud, pass it in and out of the others and hitch to the right-hand shroud: pull the knots tight, but do not draw the shrouds to- gether. When all are on, give the whole rigging a coat of black shellac or enamel and when dry, cut off the ends of the rat- lines close to the shrouds. A needle should be threaded through each shroud close above the deadeves to keep them from twisting; this is called the sheerpole. Next will come the stays (Fig. 5). The mainstay starts with a loop through the larger top of the mainmast and runs down almost to the foremast, where it is finished with a large deadeye. Then, from the after hole in the cutwater (behind the lion’s tail), comes another loop with a deadeve to meet the mainstay. Set it up tight, like the shrouds. The mizzen (Continued on page 84) ——. At the mizzenmast there are no chan- | through the edge of the deck, and fasten | will need ratlines (the steps). These | Front Rk N PEACE TIME maneuvers or real warfare, NICHOLSON Files, drafted be- cause of their fitness, are regular equipment. Equally to the fore in industry, NICHOLSON Files are depended upon wherever there is important work to be done. The Service inspection of men and equip- ment is very rigid. And just as rigid is the inspection that each NICHOLSON File gets before it goes to its user—a mechanically erfect tool. P Hardware Dealers everywhere carry a line of NICHOLSON tS) Files. They will help you select the ones most useful to you. CrOL So NICHOLSON FILE CO. > V Providence, R. |., U.S.A. U.S.A. ---a File for Every Purpose (TRADE MARK) 83 rIS} This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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TRIMO The Ever-Needed PIPE WRENCH Around the house, in the shop, on your car or motorboat, in the garden —almost everywhere and every “day—you’ll find work waiting for the TRIMO Pipe Wrench. And you'll find the TRIMO equal to every task. Here’s a mighty strong tool—its pressed STEEL frame makes it so. Herfe’s an econom- ical wrench—the IN- SERT JAW in the handle (replaceable at small cost when worn) cuts down its final cost. Here’s a time-saving tool, because the NUT GUARDS keep the wrench adjusted. Made in eight STEEL handle sizes from 6 to 48 inches and four WOOD handle sizes, 6, 8, 10, and 14 inches. And don’t for- get the TRIMO Monkey Wrench This monkey wrench is all drop-forged. It is simple, has only three parts, is practically indestructible, and its tre- mendous strength is proved by actual test in the Popular Science Institute of Stand- ards’ laboratory. Sevenstand- ard sizes, 6 to 21 inches. Insist on these two TRIMO TOOLS~—accept no other. At all hardware and general stores. TRIMONT MFG. CO. Roxbury, Mass. © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY One A Model Anyone Can Build (Continued from page 83 stay comes similarly to a loop around the heel of the mainmast. The main topmast stay, of the lighter cord, comes down through a block (small wooden pulley) under the foretop, and is set up with deadeyes to a screweye in the deck by the foremast. The mizzen topmast stay is similar. The main top- gallant stay comes through a block under the fore-upper top to a block halfway down the main topmast stay, and then finishes in the foretop. T WILL be noted that we have not yet shipped the bowsprit, so cannot set up the forestays. This has been left until later, because it is so much in the way. The sails may be of silk, fine linen, or good mercerized cotton. Straight lines of machine stitching about 3 in. apart, made before cutting, add _to the effect. The shapes are given in Fig. 2, and the length of the yards will serve as a guide to the sizes. The sails also are shown accurately to scale on Blueprint No. 47. They can be plainly hemmed to hang slack, or have fine copper wire stitched in the hems to belly them out. If this is done, leave a short end of wire projecting at the top of the hems, bore holes ver- tically through the ends of the yardarms, and through these pass the wire. Then buttonhole stitch the sails to the yards. Bore other vertical holes in the center of the yards and about 4 in. beyond the sails. It is best to paint the devices on the sails before fastening them to the yards, and likewise do the antiquing, if any. The antiquing may be done by dipping the sails in tea or other stain. To get each yard in position, pass a cord through the center hole and hitch it, MAINMAST FLAG Ej RED if —-_ GOLD SPRIT FLAG 1% x1% STERN FLAG 24°x4 Fig. 6. The flags. which are a trifle more than a third full size, and other decorations leaving plenty of end; then pass it through a hole in the mast under the top and down to the deck, setting up with blocks. The bead twist and both single and double blocks can be used. The lower block is fastened to screweyes in the deck and the June, 1926 June, I re OPRSIXO D ||} | Se to al the | Gen 1 FALCON Y GUNS (4) (4) pie! . s aan "ee RY APTER I i 2°ANCHOR A. wane sprit eee 1 fore Zw eee thir NTER LINE — a sia \ ANGLE OF YARDS bow CHANNEL wee OF GRAS MAIN and yare REAR CHANNEL %6 x%6 x2 %4" seal GER ARS wseal = po ak _ MIZZEN ae FPP E gs | FORWARD CHANNEL %6x %6 x14 al oe well a ms wr +» biti Ee=4 me A ae — oo ‘ SINGLE BLOCKS ISIE earuines tha lee 3 vue pa cecghie BASE sles BASE %4 THICK +" wd = she fitt Fig. 7. Mast tops, guns, anchors, channels, ma blocks, deadeyes, ratlines, and base blocks ’ str end of the thread to one of the bitts; then Wil take the other end around the mast at bre the yard, hitching it to the halyard on the (F foreside to act as a parrel (the rope or | chain by which the middle of a yard is gil fastened to the mast). th The lateen sail sets up with a similar th halyard 7 in. from the after end, and is he fastened with a crow’s-foot to the mast- head. For the crow’s-foot use a celluloid in block with four holes through it (Fig. 5). th The other blocks are of various sizes, sh the smallest about 7 in. long and 3% ve wide. Each has a hole through it the thin ea way and groove around to the flat way. he They are made of any non-splitting wood. al HE yards are maintained horizontal a by lifts, which hitch to the masthead and to the holes in the yardarms, leaving Ww a few inches of end to which to fasten ci blocks for the braces. n To the lower corners of the sails, fasten St light cord for sheets; these are fastened : to the same holes as the lifts. The sheets ut of the lower sails are carried to the chan- d nels or rigging. The fore end of the lateen yard also needs a double cord to keep it in position. a The braces, of the bead cord, are rove- a off variously, the direction always being V aft and slightly downward. a The mizzenmast has _ two preventer | a backstays, which run to holes in the rail f near the stern, and the mainmast has one i set up with a crow’s-foot to the mizzen stay. Now put the bowsprit into its hole in the stem, so that it passes less than an inch above the figurehead; keep it thus by § jamming the cathead (Q, Figs. 2 and 5) | under it; then tie it down with the gam- moning (lashing) to the forward hele in the cutwater. (Continued on page 85)

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nt June, 1926 ‘Me Vlome Worl shop A Model Anyone Can Build (Continued from page 84) Set up the forestay from under the top to about halfway out on the bowsprit, and the foretopmast stay to near the end, and the fore topgallant stay to the top of the sprit-topmast. Hang the spritsail yard under the bow- sprit just before the forestay. It has a foreward brace and lift in one, from one third of the way up the forestay to a block at the yardarm, to another at the bowsprit end, and back to the fore bitts; and another brace from the bitts to the yardarm and back. HE sprit topsail has a halyard to the masthead and down to the top, as well as topping lifts to the masthead and braces from the topmast stay to the vard- arm, back to the stay, and fast to the fore bitts. These old sails used to set so badly that they all had bowlines to pull the leeches (edges of the sails) forward. For these the bead silk is used, with beads for leads, arranged in crow’s-foot form, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 2. These are fitted to all sails on main, fore and mizzen masts. The yards may be trimmed to lie straight across the ship, as if with the wind aft, but I think they look better if braced in a bit, for a wind on the quarter (Fig. 1). Now lash the anchors to the fore rig- ging, pass pieces of your heaviest cord through the rings, twist them up, glue the ends, and pass them around the cat- heads and through the hawse pipes. Place all the fittings and the handrails in position. Paint the flags (Fig. 6) on thin, starched silk, run a line of clear shellac or glue around the edges to pre- vent fraying, and cut them out. Glue each to a long gilded belt pin, and set in holes in the tops of the masts. The flags are shown full size on Blueprint No. 47. HE base supports (Y, Fig. 7) for the model can be anything you fancy, with \4-in. slots to take the keel. They can be fastened to a board, so that the model sits in them loosely, or can be separated and screwed fast to the keel. You will perhaps be interested in look- ing up a plan of a square-rigged ship in a dictionary, or encyclopaedia; it will add interest and make the work easier. To do all this takes care and persever- ance. You will have to be both craftsman and artist, but the result is very well worth it. You will never regret the work, and you may have something that will be a joy to you, the admiration of your | friends, and an asset of considerable artistic as well as monetary value. ‘*Best of Its Kind’”’ T GIVES me great pleasure to forward to you a photograph of the Pirate Ship Model built by me from your plans and blueprints (Nos. 44 and 45). In regard to the magazine, I consider it the best of its kind published.—E. K., Berlin, Pa. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 85 Crs RATCHET BREAST DRILL 678 Price $Q80 y Drilling holes in tight places Made easy with this NEW Ratchet Drill Where you haven’t room for the sweep of a brace, or the complete turn of the crank handle of an ordinary drill—this new ratchet drill simplifies boring. You know the sort of places—inside the furnace fire box; close up to the wall or the radia- tor; into the cellar ceiling beams— Where space is sparse and drilling is a tough job this new No. 678 makes it easy. The slow speed gives you all kinds of power; the high speed enables you to do fast work where the nature of the job permits. In drilling metal the fast speed is often used with drills up to 38". For accu- racy, start the hole with a center punch. A few drops of oil on the metal keeps down the heat, and makes drilling easier. Details of No. 678 FRAME and BREAST- PLATE—of ebony en- ameled aluminum SHANK of polished steel PINION WHEEL—red enameled CHUCK—all-steel; 3 hardened jaws, for round shank drills up to ! ae. GEARS—have machine cut teeth SPEEDS—2, controlled by knurled dial. SPIN DLE—runs on ball bearings that take up end-thrust. HANDLES—of polished hardwood, mahogany finished. LENGTH —17'; inches. WEIGHT—only 414 Ibs. PRICE—only $8.80. The Aluminum Frame and Breastplate of No. 678, make this drill much lighter than you would expect, considering its size and capacity. Polished and nickel plated steel shank, ebony black frame and breastplate, bright red enamel wheeland mahogany finished handles, make this tool a delight to look at, as well as to work with. Ne. 678 Drill retails for $8.80. If your hardware dealer cannot supply you, write us and we'll tell you where to buy it conven- iently. If you love good tools— Our new 400 page pocket catalog shows all sorts of good tools for use around the house, the radio and the car. A post card will bring. you a copy FREE. Address GOODELL-PRATT COMPANY, GREENFIELD, MASS., U.S. A. MAKERS OF Soolomiths, MR. PUNCH GOODELL PRA 1500 GOOD TOOLS © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. .

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86 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 1926 IF YOU CAN USE AN EXTRA #20°¢° BILL write for this FREE BOOK OU can save $20.00 in no time by using SMOOTH-ON No. 1 to do your own household repairing—and in addition you will have that proud “‘I-did-it- myself” feeling. Here is what one enthusiast did with two 35 cent cans:—A $25 lamp stand loose in base, two big leaks in heating furnace smoke | pipe, loose hammer handle, ‘and three loose hooks in tiled bath room wall were all put into good usable condition at an average cost of 10 cts. for each repair—and $20.00 easily saved over what would have been paid to professional hxers or for new parts. By using Smooth-On to make dozens of the simple repairs necessary in every home, you can save enough to pay your radio upkeep, buy vourself or vour wife a camera, a bull pup or some other pleasure giving article that vou would otherwise hate to spend the money for. How to make HomME.-AUTOMOBILE REPAIRS On the Automobile Smooth-On No. 1, being unaffected by water, oil, gasoline or heat, is also excellent for automobile repairs. Try it for stopping radi- ator, tank, pipe line and hose connection leaks from the outside, keeping exhaust line connections tight to prevent the escape of obnoxious burnt gases, repairing cracked water jackets and crank, gear and differential cases, keeping grease cups, lubricator connections, nuts and hub caps from loosening off, tightening loose hinges, robe rails, etc. The FREE Smooth-On Repair Book will show you how an astonishing number of home and automobile repairs are as easy for you to make as for somebody else. Mail the coupon for a free copy and get Smooth-On No. 1 in 7-0. or 1 or 5-lb. can from any hardware store—or if you want us to send a sample 7-oz. can, enclose 35 cts. in postage stamps when you return the coupon. Smooth-On Mfg.Co. Dept. 58, 574 Communipaw Ave. JERSEY CITY, N. J. Doit wilh SMOOTHON SMOOTH-ON MEFG. CO., Dept. 58, — F 574 Communipaw Ave., Jersey City, N. J. Please send the free Smooth-On Repair Book. Name Address Return this coupon for a FREE copy of Booklet and falling | To Make Woodwork Look New flush panels, so I had Dan start across the top of the door and lay on the enamel crosswise, brushing from the dry part toward the fresh enamel, watching always that the enamel went on heavy enough to be full bodied, but not enough to cause it to sag down or form curtains, If this happens, the only cure is to wash off the work with turpentine, let it dry, and start over again. If only a small sag appears, let it dry for a week and then sand down level with wet sand- paper. The whole work then would have to be sanded all over and reenameled. If the door had been made with the usual recessed panels, the following meth- od would have been followed: First, enamel the (Continued from page 72) tect the wood and allow the grain to show.” I then showed Dan how to thin the natural filler with a liquid made of two thirds gasoline and one third turpentine until it was as thick as condensed milk. We added raw sienna and a little burnt umber until the color was satisfactory. An old stubby brush was used to apply the filler generously and thoroughly, after which it was allowed to set until the “shine” of the turpentine was gone. Dan then made up a pad of burlap and rubbed the filler in thoroughly, after which the remainder was cleaned off with squares of burlap, all the work being done across the grain. The corners were cleaned out with a soft pine stick and, as a final touch, a # molding around the top panel and the panel itself, brush- ing from the ends toward the center. Second, enamel the center stile between the top panels, cut- ting the work sharp off at the ends of the stile when it joins the cross rails. Third, enamel mold- ing and panel of second top panel. Fourth, enamel top cross rail and sec- ond cross rail just below panels freshly covered, Fifth, re- peat moldings and panels, cross rails and center stiles un- til the bottom cross rail is finished. Last, enamel both lock and hinge stiles. Shige ae Re | soft cloth was used to.go over the work to make sure no traces of free filler were left anywhere. OW long does the filler have to dry?” asked Dan. “Forty - eight hours, after which we shall apply a coat of orange shellac to give an added golden or russet tone to the work. This will be made from ordinary stock reduced with two volumes of de- natured alcohol. A fitch brush will be needed, and as little brushing as possible must be done in order to avoid ‘piling up’ the quick - drying shel- lac. This will have LL this” work should be done as rapidly as pos- sible, using only a few brush strokes and avoiding all “*fussiness”’ in order that the enamel will flow naturally. This method was applied to the fire- place, the hearth of which was_ first sprinkled to keep down possible dust. The shelf of the mantel was enameled, then the bed molding; next the panel and its surrounding molding, and so on down to the hearth. To keep under- coating and enamel off the face work, a postal card was used as a “follower.” This prevented the brush from touching the bricks. “Bring vour drop cloths, Dan, and we will go into the library and fill the new woodwork ready for varnishing,” I said, when we had done all we could on the mantel. ‘Here we have figured brown ash, and I want a fairly light golden brown with simply enough finish to pro- After the filler had dried, the library door was varnished with strokes carried clear across to dry half a day. and then should be sanded with a split ’ Number 4/0 or 6/0 paper until smooth. “A ‘tacky cloth’ is used to follow the dusting brush, and then a coat of flat or egg-shell varnish can be applied with the fitch brush.” When all this had been outlined to Dan, he felt confident he could do the finishing necessary in his own home. And, indeed, any rez ader can do the same if he will follow the steps one at a time and not try to hurry the work unduly. HAVE made a good many things that I have learned how to build from PoruLtarR ScrENceE Monruzty. I have made footstools with springs, hatracks, kitchen tables, workshop bench, writing desk, chest, tool cabinet, trellises for the house, just in my spare time, and I am very much inte rested mi your magi azine. —J. J. B., Binghamton, N. Y. © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Page 91

% ind June, 1926 Me lowe Workshop Neat Wall Cabinet for Medicines or Spices pene and clear white pine are excellent woods to use in construct- ing the wall cabinet illustrated, as they take an exceptionally smooth finish. While originally intended as an extra medicine case, the cabinet can be used for spices in the kitchen or for other purposes. A mirror could be inserted in the door frame instead of

the four panels, withoutchanging the remainder of the design. Zach of the side pieces is made as shown, with a tenon at the lower end and a % by % in. dado running the entire length of the inside back edge. This dado takes the back, which is a piece of 3¢-in.- thick 3-ply ve-

neer. On the 2 , a Se 7 ) Se | > ip A | | x +,

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===, DOOR OPENING —_ * is is’ 24" 2 |<—— |37/g" \ DOOR CONSTRUCTION Zz om. 4h TT) _ sk | a 1 ns» - l y < 1934"

TOP FRONT RAIL The finished cabinet and details of its main frame, door construction and molding for top front edge of each side piece a miter is cut | for a distance of 334 in. from the upper | end. This joins neatly with the mitered | end of the top front rail. _ The construction of the door is shown in detail. It is hung with 2 by 2 in. brass butts. A spring ball-and-socket catch is used to keep the door closed, and a glass knob is provided. _ Three shelves 1% in. thick are fastened in the cabinet by inserting screweyes into the sides under each.—W. J. E.

a

© This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 87 See what happens when you soften the beard at the base

ORDINARY LATHER Photomicrograph of lather of an ordinary shaving cream surround- ing single hair. Large dark spots are air—white areas are water. Note how the large bubbles hold air instead of water against the beard. OME lathers merely cover the horny surface of your beard. Others go partly through. But here isa lather that actually penetrates deep down to the base of every hair—and soaks it soft with water. Colgate’s softens the beard in the only scientific way— by saturating it with moisture right where the razor does its work. And remember, water, not shaving cream, is the real softener of your beard. It is really shaving cream in concentrated form—differ- ent in action and result from anything you have ever known before. In this lather the bubbles are smaller,as the microscope shows; they hold more water and much less air; they give more points of moisture con- tact with the beard. So that this moisture may soak right into the beard, Colgate’s first emulsifies and removes the oil film that covers every hair. Then quickly thousands of clinging, moisture-laden bubbles penetrate deep down to the base of the beard—

H7kRE is a shaving cream in concentrated form — super water - absorbent—that softens the beard at the base where the razor does its work—that penetrates right to the bottom of every hair and soaks it soft with water,

the beard at the base

COLGATE LATHER Photomicrograph pre-' pared under identical conditions shows fine, closely knit texture of Colgate’s Rapid -Shave Cream lather. Note how the small bubbles hold water instead of air close against the beard. bring and hold an abundant supply of water in direct contact with the bottom of every hair. Thus the entire beard be- comes wringing wet—moist and pliable—softened at the base, where the razor does its work. In this way the beard becomes properly softened right where the cutting takes place. ‘“Razor-pull” is en- tirely banished. In addition, Colgate lather lubricates the path of the razor— makes it glide across your face with- out catching or dragging. And it leaves your skin clean, cool and comfortable throughout the day. A new shaving experience awaits you If you want a quick, smooth shave every morning, clip the coupon below and let us mail you a generous trial-size tube of Colgate’s. Then compare it with any other shaving cream you may have used—note the remark- able difference. Find out what this new shaving method offers. See coupon below. Le Established 1806 NEW YORK In Canada, Colgate &Co., Ltd., 72 St. Ambroise St., Montreal

COLGATE & CO. Dept. 143-F, 581 Fifth Ave., New York Please send me the trial tube of Colgate’s Rapid-Shave Cream for better shaving. I enclose 4c. Name Address

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The ‘“‘Monkey”’ wrench is the indispensable tool for the mechanic in the shop or garage and for the handy-man-around- the-house. PEXTO WRENCHES are backed by a century of tool making expe- rience and are a combi- nation of skillful work- manship and materials of guality. There are five styles and all practical sizes of each style. Ask your dealer to show you these Pexto Wrenches. The Peck, Stow & Wilcox Co. Southington, Conn., U.S. A. Worth While TOOLS | POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 1926 -A Vermilion Coffee Table Is Simple Piece to Build By Haroip Moore ANY amateur woodworkers, I feel sure, would enjoy construct- ing a Russian coffee-table similar to the one illustrated. In making it, I copied a rare antique recently brought over from Russia. I had seen the original in an artist’s studio and been struck with its picturesque appearance. Its brilliant red hue made it the most colorful piece in a room of exceptional brilliance and beauty. The top, A, was made from two pieces of whitewood 7% by 16 by 34 in. These were doweled to- gether and glued in the usual way. Three concen- tric circles, 27, BRACKET [| eS SECTORS (8) Except for the doweled joint in the table- top, all the parts are put together with screws 30 and 31 in. in diameter, were drawn on it, as well as two center lines at right angles to each other. Next, the four sector pieces B were cut from a 7% by 6 in. board after they had been marked from a pattern taken from the inside of the 30-in. circle drawn on the table bottom. They proved to be 1% in. wide and 21 in. long over all, when finish- ed. These were glued and screwed on the underside of the tabletop, each with four 114-in., flat-head wood screws. The batten pieces, C, 7% by 24% by 23 in., were placed 7 in. apart. The four legs, D, 134 by 134 by 25 in., were beveled for 7 in. at one end to give a 1\4-in. foot at the bottom. half The two crosspieces, E, were Bill of Materials for Russian Coffee Table Parts Pieces T. W. L. A. Tabletop, whitewood. 2 i 16 34 B. Sectors, whitewood... 4 % 6 21 C. Battens, whitewood.. 2 % 2% 23 D. Legs, pine or white- BRONRE su coisiors Beye 4 1% 134 25 E. Crosspieces, pine or whitewood............ 2 1% 13% 27! ‘F. Blocks, whitewood... 4 56 1 1 G. Angle brackets, iron, BRAS anew owls Sn Soe ciioe te Lee 33 flat-head wood screws, 114 in. long, and 4 flat-head wood screws, 3!3 in. long, as well as glue, dowels, casters and finishing materials. are required. All dimensions are in inches. lapped together at the center and fastened with 114-in. wood screws and glue. A 14- in. hole was bored through the four legs 13 in. from the top and countersunk so that the screw would go in perfectly flush. Four 3%-in. wood screws were put through the four legs into the crosspieces. Four square holes 134 by 134 in. were cut at the edge of the tabletop for the legs to come up right through the top. They | stick up above the level of the table 14 in., the sharp edges being sanded off. In cutting these openings for the legs, I used a hacksaw and made the holes scant in size, trimming them with a fine wood file. This insured a snug fit. After gluing the legs in, four iron brack- ets, G, were screwed in place between the tabletop and legs. Then the blocks, F, with beveled edges, were glued over the screw-holes in the legs to give the effect of a tenon coming through the legs. Four roller casters with a square base were at- tached to the legs. The table now was sandpapered care- fully, given a coat of paste filler, and sand- ed again. Then three coats of genuine ver- milion-color enamel were applied, the first two coats being rubbed down with very fine, worn sandpaper. Water Heater for Summer Use Costs Less Than $10 HEN the furnace is allowed to go out in the spring, I heat water by means of a homemade coil placed in a small, airtight, sheet iron stove. News- papers, rubbish and scraps make up most of the fuel, so that it costs nothing to keep the water warm. The materials used were 30 ft. of 14-in. water-pipe, a 4-ft. length of 34-in. water- pipe with a T screwed on one end, and two \%-in. unions. The -in. pipe was bent into as small a coil as possible by using the T on the 4-ft. piece as a bending tool. The top end was turned up and the lower end left straight, both being on the same side. As the coil was larger than the fuel hole in the stove, it had to be turned into it like a screw. Making a hole in the back of the stove near the bottom, I connected the coil to the cold water line. The upper end was connected to the tank by running 4 ft. of the outlet pipe up the stovepipe and then over to the tank. The entire cost was less than $10.—P. BotsFrorp. © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. | on - ee ewe ee ae ae ee

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1926 June, 1926 | te Iloune Workshop, How to Send Coins Safely through the Mails By Kennetu B. Murray OVERNMENT reports show that thousands of dollars sent through the mails are lost yearly. Usually the loss ‘is due to carelessness in preparing cur- rency to withstand the necessary hand- ling, the passage through the canceling machines, and the rubbing and abrasion of transportation. The illustrations above show tried and simple expedients by which small coins can be mailed safely. The method in the upper view is to cut a hole in a piece of cardboard, insert the coin and cover both sides of the hole with adhesive paper. In the lower left-hand view the coin is fastened directly to a corner of the letter with a piece of adhesive tape. The remaining view illustrates a coin pocket that can be made from the top half of a letter by folding in the top cor- ners to the center, and then folding the entire sheet at the middle. The coin will remain in the pocket thus formed. Cutting Circles of Glass HEN a circular glass cutter is not available, the home worker can rig up a simple device for cutting a circle of glass with an ordinary steel glass cutter or a diamond. The cutter is wedged tightly into a notch in a stick of wood and clamped so that it will be over an impro- vised turntable made by pivoting a board on a nail. Several sheets of newspaper are laid ) ry on the turntable N C=. ES and the glass NN placed on top of : ADJUSTABLE GLASS CUTTER SUPPORT TIGHT FIT \ IN NOTCH se GUASS US them and held in l/Xs position with ainda thumbtacks. The TURNTABLE cutter then is ad- justed so that it will cut a circle of the right diameter and is locked in place with a C clamp. While pressure is applied to the cutter, the turn- table and glass are revolved beneath it. Straight cuts then are made from the cir- cumference to the corners of the glass and the waste parts are broken off.—J. D. G. The cutting set-up . j Safe and he | _ HARLEY-DAVIDSON aici i POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 89 i A cons one. cent per mile — the most inexpensive car costs seven times more torun. Far less than WA carfare or busfare — the lowest cost power travel! Dependable. Sturdy 4-cycle motor of ample power and acceleration. Three-speed sliding gear transmission. ff Easy to Ride—easier than a bicycle. You'll learn y in the length of a city block. Almost self-balancing. | Easy to Park. Any 2x8 foot space will park or house it. In a hallway—under the porch—in a homemade shed—anywhere! Comfortable Low center of gravity, simple controls, balloon tires, luxurious springs. Easy to Buy. Ask your Harley-Davidson Dealer about his convenient “Pay-As-You-Ride” Plan. HARLEY-DAVIDSON MOTOR CO. DEPARTMENT PS MILWAUKEE, WIS. We want a live dealer in every locality. A money-making opportunity for real workers. If interested, check the coupon. \\ Coupon \ | Mowe) Single \ eee Milwauk w “HARLEY sor ‘ la i] i] i] 4 ‘ i] i] \ fe} This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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90

MH y f(r . “ATKINS” Whenever You Cut Metal Goop ‘‘file-tested”’ ATKINS Hack Saw Blade will cut faster and easier—save you time, money and broken blades. Look for ‘‘ATKINS’’ name on the blade. ATKINS Hack Saw Blades are made of ‘‘Tungsten Al- loy’’ steel—tempered by ATKINS special process. Just try a ‘‘Non-Breakable”’ blade—it will prove its value. Ask for the interesting book- let ‘Saws in the Shop’’ and the ATKINS Hack Saw Chart, today. E.C. ATKINS & CO. Established 1857

Leading Manufacturers of Highest Grade Saws for Every Use; Saw Tools, Saw Specialties, Plastering Troweis, and Ma- chine Knives INDIANAPOLIS, U. S. A.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 192%

Tie Wome WorkSaop.

| evening, I loosened of the former happened when I was mak- ing and placing window frames. I got the pulley stiles for two windows mixed so ' that each frame had one stile two inches longer than the other. I failed to notice | my error until the two frames were made and nailed in place and I happened to look at the house from the outside. One tragic error at the beginning came ' near killing my desire to build. As I was working alone, I built my frame in sec- tions flat on the floor and pulled them up in place with block and tackle. I erected | my first section one evening and braced | it well so that it would stand until I | should return to My Workshop Gave Mea House (Continued from page 71) not set beyond all possible troweling, Most of our furniture was built by lamplight. I had a lot of problems to solve in making the various pieces. For instance, the lack of proper tools puzzled me. If I wanted to make a turning, the closest lathe was in a high school twenty- five miles away and I didn’t have access to that. I puzzled over what I should do about turnings for many months, and every time I got a chance would go to a library and search for methods of making them. Finally I found a few hints as to how fine spiral turnings could be made by the use of a lathe and a

work the following — evening, WhenlI | went back the next the braces and had just commenced work when a shower came up. I rushed home, forgetting to nail my braces in place again. When I returned the next day I found the entire section of frame blown down so badly that it had to be torn to pieces and rebuilt. I got my biggest thrill when the last trowelful of plaster* went on the walls. I had never handled a plasterer’s trowel be- fore I started plaster- ing my house. All kinds of sad results had been predicted if I tried plastering ; Le —_———_ without experience, so I was just a little doubtful about at- <« tempting the job. I 128

| asked questions. watched plasterers working whenever I had a chance, and I wrote to the plaster manufacturers and got a lot of instruc- tions on making and applying plaster. WAS still undecided as to whether to attempt the plastering job or not. Most plasterers I talked to tried to dis- suade me, but finally one old man who had plastered for years said to me: “Why, yes, I'd do it myself, if I were you. You know it doesn’t take a man with a college education to put plaster on right. You look like you have a good strong back!” So I went to work plastering. By starting in with the smaller rooms and learning how to handle the trowel and to spread the plaster on evenly there, I had acquired the knack of doing a fairly good job by the time I reached the larger rooms. Mainly I had learned to keep the work moving so that the plaster would

A walnut chair made entirely by hand, in- cluding turnings and caning, by Mr. Deer- To look at it, one would not suspect the first table he built was constructed so poorly it fell apart as soon as it was made few simple tools. I modified the lathe process so that I can now make such turn- ings by hand when- ever I wish. ETTING proper wood for the making of furniture bothered me, until I started ripping out the heavier pieces from the original wal- nut logs. It really isn’t so hard if the logs are well cured and have been split into sections. When I look at our furniture, I often marvel at what I have been able to accom-

plish with so few tools. Being without the necessary tools was once my despair, but I believe it really helped me to do bet- ter work, for I have learned so many use- ful things I would not know if it had not been necessary to make the best of few tools. When I started plastering the house, cold weather had come. Sometimes it was necessary to have a fire to keep the plaster from freezing. I spent Thanksgiving Day plastering. Before Christmas, I decided the plaster was dry enough to move into the house. We took in some of the furniture I had made. A bad storm was brewing outside, so we got only a few pieces of furniture in that evening. The temperature was dropping and before midnight was twenty degrees below zero. Inside, we had a fire going, and were warm and happy. We were having the thrill that comes only once a lifetime. We were sitting comfortably by our own fireside while outside a winter’s storm was howling. All our effort and back-breaking toil to get a home seemed repaid a thou-

sandfold in two hours that winter night.

June, 1 ——<— | H hous fran find arou trat ——e

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PB. MB CB RB OB SL Me ee 4 Bt i et te ees June, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY | tie Tome Workshop Box for Carrying, Tools from Job to Job ANDY men who do a number of repair jobs inside and outside the house, as well as carpenters engaged in framing new buildings and similar work, find it desirable to have a box for carrying around the necessary tools. The one illus- trated answers this purpose better than Toolbox has divisions for saws and planes; also two drawers for chisels and small tools most, yet it is of the simplest construc- tion. Among its advantageous features are a separate compartment for saws and steel square, plenty of space for planes, level, bit brace, and other large tools, and two drawers for small tools. The materials needed are 4%-and 34-in. thick white pine or other soft wood stock, two drawer knobs or pulls, a catch for holding the drawers in place, and a broom handle or other long, round rod of suffi- cient strength to support the weight. The bottom piece is set into a rabbet in the ends, and the front and back pieces also are set in rabbets. This con- struction is strong enough to withstand hard usage. Most boxes of this sort, not being stained or painted, soon become grimy. SAWS, FRAMING SQUARES,ETC. TOP VIEW baa FOR PLANES. HAMMER, ETC” BROOMSTICK HANDLE y | —; —— (CR |. 14% ——>| ‘DRAWER PARTITIONED BOTTOM, ENDS. , DRAWER FOR CHISELS FOR DRILLS, BITS, DRAWER FRONTS " AND OILSJONE AND NAIL SETS OTHER STOCK 2 Top, front, and end views of the tool-carry- ing box and detail of drawer construction If you wish to keep the box the natural color of the wood, by all means give it a thin coat or two of white shellac. The pleasure of having a clean, neat looking toolbox will more than repay you for this slight trouble-—KENNETH R. LaVoy. Making Use of Old Auto Seats O MAKE a comfortable settee I mounted two discarded back seats from a seven-passenger car on the edges of two oak boards about 5 in. wide. As the upholstery is of the finest quality, the settee is most comfortable. Auto seats from discarded cars cost little and can be used in various ways. Two can_ be mounted on a lawn swing for the summer and taken indoors in the fall to form a fireplace seat.—H. T. BruNDAGE. “Tell him HE had seen him just in time . . . just in time to avoid another unpleasant after- noon. She couldn’t dislike the man, yet she hated to be with him ... hated to be seen with him. She wondered he did not suspect the reason she was so often “out.” 7 7 7 A gteat many young men are in- clined to have a grimy-looking skin, spotted with blackheads and dull in appearance. Few realize that this hinders their success in life. Pom- peian Massage Cream helps you overcome this handicap by giving you a clear, ruddy complexion. SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY OFFER V3 of 60c jar for 10c For 10c we senda special Trial Jar containing one- third of regular 60c con- tents. Contains sufficient Pompeian Massage Cream to testthoroughly its wonderful benefits. Positively only one jar to a family on this excep- tional offer. {§ This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. I’m out” Clears the Skin. Pompeian Massage Cream thoroughly cleanses the pores. It helps clear up blackheads and pimples by stimulating healthy cir- culation, and by keeping the skin clean and the pores open. Easy to Use. After shaving or wash- ing, rub it in gently. Continue rubbing and it rolls out, bringing with it all Us. Pompeian the dirt and skin Massage Cream impurities. Result regularly at home —a clean, healthy —then you'll get skin with clear, the full benefi:. glowing color. At all druggists. : THE POMPEIAN CO., Cleveland, O., Dept. 48 Gentlemen: I enclose a dime (10c) for 13 of a 60c jar of Pompeian Massage Cream. WOM 5 Jeon ohte aoe Street Pe A Oe ee een Ae

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92 The first /MILLERS FALLS Electric Drill OR fifty years Millers Falls Company have made hand, breast, chain and bench drills. To take up the manufacture of portable electric drills was a natural step forward. It de- pended on one thing—the de- velopment of an electric tool of true Millers Falls quality. Here it is—the first number of a series. Look for it in hardware and automobile supply stores. It’s a fine tool—what more can we say than that it belongs to the Millers Falls group? " MILLERS FALLS COMPANY Millers Falls, Mass. 28 Warren Street 9 So. Clinton Street New York Chicago MILLERS FALLS TOOLS SINCE © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 1926 I Add a ‘Tdting IMPLE and inexpensive as it is, this removable tilting table makes a small circular saw practical for much of the work of the home mechanic, both ripping and crosscutting. It can be lifted off when not in use, so as to leave the bench available for other kinds of work—a fac- tor of importance in the small shop where working space is at a premium. It costs almost nothing to build, and can be set up in a short time by any man handy with ordinary tools. The table itself is a pine board 7 by 191% in. The rear end is fixed to another piece at right angles, so as to be held just 8 in. above the workbench. This height accommodates the writer’s mandrel (a polishing head), which is 6 in. high. The 8-in. upright fits snugly into a recess in the front of a stationary piece fastened to the bench, so as to allow the table to be tilted up and down without moving sideways (Fig. 2). My Home Machine Shop By Owen Lovejoy Saw Table to Fig. 1. Ripping on improvised saw table. Saw is mounted on a cheap polishing head home mechanic ordinarily has to do. For crosscut work a T was made of two pieces of oak. The front The tilting is easy toaccom- plish by means of a piece of strap steel 15 in. long fas- tened by screws to a wooden block, which is screwed in turn to the bottom of the table. This strap slips up and down on the frent face or apron of the workbench, steadied by a small block at the bottom. Adjustment is effected by a small bolt working through another piece of strap steel, which is bent and screwed to the bench. The writer cut slots in either side of the bolt head with a hacksaw and fitted another piece of strap edge was set at exact right angles with the saw blade. The T can be set at other angles, as for mitering. To operate, the piece to be sawed is held firmly against the straight edge of the guide, the head of which slides along the side of the table (Fig. 3). For accurate dimensions it has been found best to mark the boards care- fully before attempting to cut them. For ripping, the T is sim- ply placed at the end of the table and clamped firmly to form a guide fence (Fig. 1). With this outfit, the writer steel over the head, so as to be able to turn the bolt without a wrench. A saw with fairly large teeth was selected, so that it would be suitable for either ripping or crosscutting on such small work as the Fig. 3. In crosscutting, the stock is held against. a wooden rest, which slides along the top and side of the table like a T-square Fig. 2. Table raised to show its construction from the under side does all kinds of work. in which a fair degree of accu- racy is desired. He has prac- tically eliminated hand saw- ing in his home workshop. In furniture making and light cabinet work, this saw has proved a valuable aid. How Mr. Lovejoy uses the other end of the polishing head as a lathe was described last month (page 95). Utilizing a Tool Grinder in Unusual Ways ANY ways of utilizing an old tool grinder will suggest themselves to those who have one but who do not possess alathe. The writer has found it extremely useful when painting small wheels for toys, especially the tires. These wheels are made from spools, which will fit over the spindle of the grinder. A narrow, even band of color can be applied merely by holding the brush against the wheel while it revolves.—S. J. CRAWLEY. artic the rephi diffi artic mon prin E mod 46 s] asa prin cam tails — . poy met mt DD BD RD BD BD AD beet et et et et et et et ae ee ae ee ee ee ee

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June, 1926 —_—— it} This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Tie blome Worlkshop| Blueprints Show How to Build Ship Models Successfully F YOU missed the first part of Captain E. Armitage McCann's remarkable article on building a Spanish galleon in the May issue, you still can construct a replica of this beautiful ship without difficulty. Read the second part of the article, beginning on page 74 of this month's issue, and send for the two blue- prints marked 46 and, 47 on the list below. Everyone who attempts to build the model should have both blueprints. No. 46 shows the hull full size, and can be used as a templet in marking the wood. Blue- print No. 47 pictures the rigging, sails, tails. The photograph on page 74 will show you at a glance what a strikingly decora- has heen designed that is at once so thoroughly authentic and so cleverly | simplified to suit the skill of the beginner in model making. Complete List of Blueprints F gs ONE of the blueprints listed below can be obtained from PopuLtaR ScrENcE Montury for 25 cents. The Editor will be glad to an- swer any specific questions relative to tools, material, or equipment. Blueprint Service Dept. Popular Science Monthly 250 Fourth Avenue, New York GENTLEMEN: Send me the blueprint, or blue- prints, I have underlined below, for whieh I tscloee.........0..5.. cents: No, Title Published — Price 1. Sewing Table Feb., °22 25c 2. Smoking Cabinet Mar., °22 25c¢ 3. End Table Apr., *22 25c¢ 5. Kitchen Cabinet May "22 25c 8. Shaving Cabinet June 22 25c 9. Arbor,Gate and Seats July, °22 25c 10. Porch Swing Aug., °22 25c 11. Bench and Tilt Table Sept., °22 25c 12. Electric Washer Oct., *22 25c 13. Tea Wagon Nov., ’22 25c 14. Christmas Toys Dec., *22 25c 15. Workshop Bench ¥aa.,° °23 25c¢ 16. Inlaid Radio Cabinet Feb. 723 25c 17. Cedar Chest Mar., ’23 25c 18. Phone Table and Stool Mar., ’23 25¢ 19: Grandfather’s Clock Apr, °23 25c 20. Flat-Top Desk Agpr., 23 25c¢ 21. Colonial Desk Apr., 23 25c¢ 22. Cabinet and Desk Apr., 723 25c 23. Pergola Garage May, ’23 25c 24. Gateleg Table June, ’23 25c 25. Canoe Sailing Outfit July, °23 25c¢ 26. Baby’s Crib and Pen Sept., ’23 25c¢ 27. Kitchen-Cabinet Table Oct., ’°23 25c 28. Pullman Play Table Nov., ’23 25c 29. Toy Tea Cart, etc. Dec., ’23 25c¢ 30. Tool Cabinet, etc. Jan., ’°24 25c 31. Sewing Cabinets Feb., ’24 25c 32: Chinese Game Table Mar., ’24 25c¢ 33. Dining Alcove Apr. 724 25c 34. Garden Trellises May, ’24 25c 35. Simple Radio Cabinet Oct., °24 25c 36. Rush-Bottom Chair Nov., ’24 25c¢ 37. Simplified Bookcase Dec.,. °24 25c 38. Sheraton Table yan. “25 °* 25c 39. Salem Chest Feb., ’25 25c 40. Deskin Sheraton Style Mar., 725 25c 41. One-Tube Radio Set May, ’25 25c 42. Three-Stage Amplifier June, °25 25c 43. Four-Tube Receiver July, °25 25¢ 44. Pirate Ship Model—Hull Feb., 26 25¢ | 45. Pirate Ship—Details Mar., 26 25¢ | 46. Galleon Model—Hull May, ’26 25c | 47. Galleon Model—Details May, 26 25¢ MMB wo ai sek F Ee Oe ar gen en ec | (Please Print) | eT eee Te a ee CO a ee ee ee City and State :.. ..244 5.540045 cannon, flags, ornaments and small de- | tive model this galleon is. No other model | | bi The Telephone at the (Centennial One hundred years after the signing of the Declaration of Independence, the infant tele- phone was first exhibited at the Philadelphia Exposition. Since the dawn of civiliza- tion, mankind had sought some means of communicating over distances which unaided hu- man speech could not bridge. Drums, signal fires, runners, the pony express, and finally the electric telegraph were means to get the message through. It remained for the telephone to convey a speaker’s words and tones over thousands of miles. “My God, it talks!’ ex- claimed the Emperor of Brazil before a group of scientists at the Philadelphia Exposition, as he recognized the voice of Alexander Graham Bell, dem- onstrating the new invention. Today, after a brief half- century, the telephone lines of the Bell System have become the nerves of the nation. The telephone connects citizen with citizen, city with city, state with state for the peace and prosperity of all. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CompaANy AND AssocIATED ComPANIES IN ITS SEMI-CENTENNIAL YEAR THE BELL SYSTEM LOOKS FOR- WARD TO CONTINUED PROGRESS IN TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION Make More Mone to 135 of this issue. Perform every quicker and easier. motor; portable; » Sold with or without motor. and prices. Boice E-Z Pay Plan. 1S] This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. woodworking greater speed, accuracy and economy on e B h Boice-Crane pang Saws Do ripping, mitering, grooving, rabbeting, ing, grinding and band saw operations better,™ Driven by any % to % h. p. attached to any light socket. Unsurpassed values Write today for 64-page booklet on Bench Saws, Drills, Jointers, Lathes, Band Saws and the w. B. & J. E. Boice, Dept. P. S pt. P. S. 6-B ** World’s Largest Makers of Small Bench Machines “9. It’s Easy to Build Things! operation with sand- Toledo, Ohio Read the Money Making Opportunities on pages 110

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94 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 1926 means a perfected home movie camera With Anastigmat F 3.5 lens! HE motion picture genius of Pathe produced Pathex. This is vour guarantee that Pathex is expertly designed, tested, proved, practical and successful! It’s priced to insure the instant, nationwide popularity it deserves. Happy summer days are here!Catch them with Pathex, and live them over and over again! All Pathex film devel- oped FREE in the celebrated Pathe lab- oratories. Pathex home motion picture Cameras and Projectors are sold everywhere on easy budget payments. If you do not find Pathex at a nearby store, write us immediately. Send for the big FREE book offered below! Bring the screen stars to your own home! | Delight your family and friends with the movie classics of “Doug” Fairbanks, Harold Lloyd, Leo Maloney,BessicLove, Will Rogers and a host of others. You can buy films at $1.00 and $1.75 from the Pathex Film Library —just as you'd buy phonograph records! The amazingly low price of Pathex, and the world-wide reputation of itscelebrated maker offer you remarkable opportunities. A few territories still open = Write us TODAY for => complete details of the /} "Stor ] "eran, / splendid Pathex propo- |] ot . } = 5 sition Ij ona / /f Wires, ] 4 , oY) P.3.6 ws Note to dealers: The Pathex Projector Pathex, Inc. 35 West 45th St., New York, N. Y. Gentlemen: Please send me the big, FREE illustrated Pathex book ** Your Own Movies in Your Own Home. Name___ Address__ BE How to Give Painted Furniture a Novel Parchment Finish By Lawrence B. Rossins Y MEANS of what is called a “ parch- ment” finish, any home worker can produce novel, artistic and beautiful ef- fects on painted furniture and other enameled surfaces. The process is simple and inexpensive and can be accomplished successfully even Mixing artists’ colors or tube paints with tur- pentine and Japan on a clean piece of glass by the beginner. Such a finish closely resembles the stippled wall effects pro- duced by interior decorators (see page 72, May issue) and has two advantages: it insures an interesting and pleasing ap- pearance or texture, and it conceals any. small blemishes in the surface. Enamel the article to be decorated in the usual way, by giving it one or two When thoroughly dry, the parchment finish is given a final coat of pale rubbing varnish coats of flat white or enamel undercoater, then the final enameling, either in one or two coats. Now choose a color or colors to har- monize well with the enamel. These colors should be of the pigment variety in oil, known as artists’ or decorators’ colors, or tube paints. Make a paste by squeez- ing a sufficient amount on a piece of clean glass and thin slightly with turpentine. Mix well and blend the colors, if two are used, with a palette knife and add a few drops of Japan drier as a binder. The mixture should be about the consistency of thick house paint. Ball up a small piece of cheesecloth into a little dauber and hold in the fingers ee of the right hand. Then, dipping it into How the color is picked up on a cheesecloth dauber and then applied to the enameled surface the prepared color, tamp it lightly on the enameled surface, giving it a slight twist- ing motion at the same time. This will make a swirling daub of color on the enamel which can be regulated by the | touch to be as delicate or bold, regular or irregular, as you please. Allow the paint to dry hard and then give it a thin coat of pale rubbing varnish. Rub it down, if you desire, to a satiny finish with pumice and oil or water. Spark Guard for Fireplace | Made Like Window Screen N CHILLY spring days, when logs are set blazing in the fireplace, the sparks may be confined effectually with the screen illustrated above—one of the safest and easiest made. A frame of angle iron is made to fit the opening of the fire- place and covered with strong wire cloth. Then the iron is faced with sheet brass and a handle attached to either side. Two lengths of band iron extend in from the top of the frame and catch hook-like behind the top of the fireplace.—C. L. M. © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6, June, 1 degre a re put | A hub good for men the ous cut aro cun thic The are ane | alt fer a | are | tha | nec It) it 1 ane wil cla cle of | a | pu p

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June, 1926 [te Glome Worlsshop| Pie Plates and Bicycle Hub Form Toy Water Turbine HILE many boys try to build a small water motor with varying degrees of success, few realize how easily a really workable little turbine can be | put together. An old bicycle ROTOR fif—/s'HOLE hub will provide a 7 B sICYCLE good ball bearing HUB for > rots (A at ee ARIN for the rotary P| "pipe BEARING member. To make the rotor, numer- ous evenly spaced cuts are made around the cir- cumference of a thick circular dish. The resulting fins are twisted at right angles. Two pie plates, aluminum pre- ferred, are used as a housing. They are fastened together with stove bolts so that they can be taken apart readily if necessary. A 14-in. pipe forms the nozzle. It is filled partially with lead, after which it is drilled and reamed out as detailed, and cut at the proper angle to conform with the path of the rotor. clamped between the pie plates with a clearance of 14 in. from the rotor. A hole for drainage is cut in the bottom of the housing and may be provided with a hose connection, if desired. A wooden OUTLET How the water motor is made and mounted While primarily a toy, this small turbine can be used for light jobs, such as grinding and buffing ing the turbine with the water system. This turbine uses but little water and develops considerable power, if the aver- age city water pressure is available. It can be used to run toys or, if well built, even light machinery or a buffer. emery Wheel, polisher, or fan Jonas J. ByBERG. | in place, and turned down after connect- | | Tricks in Using Sandpaper OISTENING the back of sand- paper with water makes it more | flexible and insures a smoother surface on the work. Before the paper is mois- tened it usually is split at one corner and a thick layer of paper at the back is torn off. Another trick is to dip the abrasive side of sandpaper in a shallow dish of mineral or rubbing oil before sandpaper- ing a varnished surface. This elimin- oil must be well cleaned off afterward. It should be | | | pulley can be cut out roughly, clamped substituted.— | ates dust and gives asmooth finish, but the | | POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY A turn of the switch now lifts or lowers heavy burdens anywhere. If you ever had to lift a safe Not being a truckman, you will probably never be called on to lift been developed. a barrel of sugar or an iron safe. But if you were, you would be very glad that the ‘‘lift-truck’’ had The monogram of the General Electric Company is on many different types of motors, some small enough to wind a clock, some powerful enough topull atrain, but all désigned to lessen men’s labor and lower the cost. Look for it when you buy anything electri- cal. It is one of the great number of machines by which electricity is taking over the world’s heavy bur- dens. If, as a certain large factory found, one of these little trucks saves $12,000 a year, what a sav- ing there will be when all material in all factories is handled by elec- tricity! GENERALELECTRIC on in Cash Prize See Page 4 in front of book for details “World's Handiest Calculator” ‘SuBy CALCULATOR CHICAGOUSA | | patent APPLIED FOR i /8O0Hu808a ee SUBTRA cts MUL LTIPLIES NEW o§ $11 py the work of a large $300 adding machine. Capac ity 99,999,99. Total visible at all times. Clears with pull of the finger. NOT A TOY, but an indestructible. port: ible ma- chine GUARANTEED five years. So compact that it fits in vest pocket. Accurate. So simple a child can operate it. Instructions with every machine Everybody should carry one for figuring as it is suitable for any use where numec rals are dealt with. NO MONEY and give your name and _ delivery pay U.S. send cash). THOUL- F L EN Just write “Send me a Baby ( aleulator”’ address. We will ship Calculator immediately. y0StmMan $2.50 plus few cents postage. (If outside f not satisfied after 10-day trial, you get your money back. SANDS OF SATISFIED U SE RS. This is lowest priced practical portable ee emg et made. “Why pay more for inferior imita- tions?” Order from this ad today BABY CALCULATOR SALES CO.. P.O. Box 1118, Chicago, Ill. DIVIDES AGENTS: business Every firm, man or woman will buy this machine on BIG COMMISSIONS. Dept. 50. sight. 1S} This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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96 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 1926 Look Here for Speedy Improvement! You look at the dial of a Veeder Counter for one main thing:—you are looking for more production. You are looking for figures of progress in machine development. You're looking for better or speedier operat- ing. And being guided by hour-to-hour records, you get the results you look for on COUNTERS The small Revolution Counter be- low registers one for a revolution of a shaft, recording a machine operation, or product. Though small, this counter is very durable; its mechanism will stand a very high rate of speed, making it especially _ suit- | able for light, | fast-running ma- chines and most adaptable to ex- perimental work. If run backward the counter sub- tracts. Price $2.00. (Cut 4/5 size.) Small Rotary Ratchet Counter, to register reciprocating movements of small ma- chines, also $2.00. The large Revolution Set-Back Counter below records the output of any machine where a shaft-revolution indi- cates an operation. Sets back to zero from any figure by turning knob once around. Supplied with from four to ten figure-wheels, as re- quired. Price with four figure-wheels as illustrated, $10.00—subject to dis- count. Cut less than one-half size. Set- Back Rotary. Ratchet Counter, to record reciprocating movements as on presses, $11.50 (list). FREE—We’ll send you the big Veeder booklet. Shows count- ers for all machines and dee velopment-work. The Veeder Mfg. Co., 44 Sargeant St. Hartford, Conn. | Patching Broken Cement Work How to Make Lasting Repairs to Concrete Walls and Walks | a perfect bond. By Date R. Van Horn Vm do not need to be a skilled work- man to use cement in making repairs about the house and garden. There are only a few things required to insure a satisfactory job. These are: Get a good grade of cement. Be sure the aggregate, that is, the sand and gravel, or the sand, gravel and crushed rock or cinders, is clean and free from organic matter or clay. If you are not sure of the materials, especially the sand, place a small quantity in clean water, then stir it up well. If the water remains fairly clean, the sand or other aggregate is fit for use. Too muddy water indicates unclean materials. If you are to undertake a repair job, be sure that the old surface is clean to insure This may take some scrubbing with water, but it is imperative. The only equipment you will need is a small mixing box, a pail or two, a hoe of some kind—a rusty old garden hoe will do—and preferably two trowels. One of these should be a plasterer’s trowel, of rectangular shape, and the other should be of triangular shape, of the kind used by bricklayvers. To repair a break in a sidewalk, care- fully remove any broken fragments of | concrete and with warm water and a stiff brush scrub the broken surface until every vestige of loose material has been removed. Let the water soak well into the old concrete, so that it will not dry out too soon. If the surface is not rough and jagged, roughen it with a cold chisel and a hammer. Mix vour cement mortar in the propor- tions of one part cement, two parts sand, and three parts gravel or other aggregate, or, for a small job, merely mix one part of cement with three parts of sand. The trick in preparing cement properly is to measure and dump the sand and gravel or other aggregate in the box, mix them thoroughly with shovel or hoe, spread the mixture out and then add the cement. Turn over the material dry at least four times. Add water slowly and continue mixing until the desired con- sistency is reached — “‘quakey” but not ‘too wet. Build up the broken place until the top and sides are in line with the old walk. This done, sprinkle a little pure cement upon the wet surface and trowel down. If the work is done in very hot weather, sprinkle some sand over the repair and cover with a wet rag, which should be kept moistened for several days until the new concrete has set thoroughly. If these precautions are carried out, the bond should be perfect. The basement walls about the average home often crack or settle in different places, thus letting water through during wet weather and sometimes cold air dur- | ing the winter. A good afternoon’s job | is to go over the walls carefully and chink | any holes you may find. - | Wherever |@ there is a crack, spray water on the concrete for several minutes, letting it soak in well. Then chink the hole with a (Continued on page 97) Wet and clean the old work (above) and apply the new cement neatly with a trowel ———l © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. June, 19 | mo | ame | eq | ser | su the to] sh in. A sh

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June, 1926 Patching Broken Cement Work (Continued from page 96) Sprinkle a little pure cement upon the wet sur- face and trowel the patch to a smooth finish rich mortar, preferably with a_ small amount of lime mixed in, and finish off with a small trowel. If the sidewalk is near by, you need not bother with the mixing box, but can work up the cement, sand and water on the sidewalk. Be sure to rinse off the walk before the residue of cement has | time to set. Every brick chimney should be capped with cement either cast directly in place | or made upon the ground to suit the dimensions of the chimney. The lower photograph on page 98 shows such a concrete cap, which has been used ten years without visible sign of weakness. To repair a chimney in this way, re- move all loose bricks, clean the surfaces and cement them back with a mixture of equal parts of cement, lime and two parts screened sand. Then cut four boards of such a size that, when nailed together, they will hold in place at the chimney top. Each board should extend 3 in. above the top. A similar form should be built and set in place inside the flue. [t is then merely a matter of filling between the boards with ce- ment, mixed in the proportion of one part cement and two parts of sand or gravel. It will be well to insert heavy wire or rods at the corners for reinforcing. Some concrete jobs prove unsatis- factory because of a slight oversight. Here are a few reasons for the failure of concrete work: _ Checks and cracks, which often occur in sidewalks, are either due to poor cement, unclean materials, a poor bed, or the action of the (Continued on page 98) =a Lack of reinforcement caused this crack in a foundation wall, but it can be easily patched POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY two years ago. The Star Special Flexible Blade was presented to the American market some few months back as the latest de- velopment of a perfected flexible blade. The makers, Clemson Bros., Inc., of Middletown, New York, introduced the famous all hard Star Blade forty- This blade outshines them all when cutting soft metals, heavy tin sheets, angles, pipe, conduit, etc. ““Makers Since 1883’’ Let us send you samples of the blade Free STAR HACK SAW BLADES Clemson Bros., Jue. © Middletown, N. Y. Pi ae Owna CORONA | The portable typewriter built like an office ma- chine. Has four-row key- board and big- machine features throughout, { Write to Corona Typewriter Co.,Inc., 112 Main Street, Groton, New York REL: 60ars6O is the answer to Powel Crosley.Jrs. demand onhis en- ineets fora more etfect 5 tube tre- ceiver that wou ae —— um ange, selectivity volume at low- er cost. AAA Write Dept. 17 for Booklet THE CROSLEY RADIO CORP. Cincinnati, Ohio = Prices slightly higher west of the Rockies. Dealers sell Crosley Radios from $975 to $75. and the Musicone Loudspeaker at $1475 (This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. Cabinet Shop Specia No. 10 $290 w Make a real shop in your basement This handy Parks woodworker is complete shop equipment in itself. With it you can do all sorts of cabinet work. Make toys, furniture, radio cabinets—anything. Built for close, accurate work, yet small enough to fit in a corner of your basement. Operates from light socket. Has motor rip and cut- off circular saw, jointer and bandsaw. Add lathe and shaper at slight extra cost. A real machine ideal for home use. Send for circular. The, Parks Ball Bearing Machine Co. 1547 Knowlton St., Cincinnati, Ohio Canadian Factory: 200 Notre Dame East, Montreal, Canada a) 23 WOODWORK

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98 AMATCO HOME-CAMP. No center pole. Maximum head room. Four steel corner poles collapsible to 2/4 feet. Always rigid, erect, convenient and roomy. OLIVE SHOWER-PROOF fabric. b) AMATCO BACTISH. A modernized wall \ tent. Ideal for the tourist camper. Gen- erous base size. Big cot room. The sensible tent at a sensible price. ~~ AMATCO BOSTON AUTO TOURING TENT. The De Luxe Auto Touring Tent. Convenient. Comfortable. Two roll-up doors. Two bobbinet windows for ventilation. For further details on these and other tents write for com- bination catalog—instruction book, HINTS FOR TOURISTS AND CAMPERS. AMATCO TENTS are designed and a built with every comfort of the auto- mobile tourist in view. Compact, con- { venient, sturdy, economical. At your dealer’s or sent direct to you; carrying { charges prepaid. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY HoOswaoe |eoOme| Patching Broken Cement Work (Continued from page 97) To avoid complete decay, it is advisable to point up the joints between concrete blocks where the weather has eaten out the cement frost. Concrete that becomes frozen be- fore it has had time to cure, will soon give way. So many times one sees concrete steps which have broken or settled. This usually is because the bed was not thor- oughly tamped and settled at the time. Where the ground has been made by fill- ing or where there has been grading done within a short time, tamp the earth as solidly as possible. wet down with water and let stand for a day or so; then soak down again with similar thoroughness. Concrete steps should not be cast solid unless made very heavy. A cheaper way is to cast each step separately. Then, should one step settle slightly, the crack can be repaired easily and will not cause a jagged line or fissure to run diag- onally across the steps. In laying sidewalks, be sure that the cement extends down far enough so that years of erosion will not wash away the soil and undermine the masonry. Solid concrete foundations often cause trouble at the corners because of uneven settling and lack of reinforcement. No matter how small a building it is, the foundation, if cast solid, should be well reinforced with woven wire or deformed rods at the corners. These directions are not intended to indicate that the average concrete job “Ss LET US SEND THIS VALUABLE BOOKLET ‘Hints for Tourists and Campers”’ by The Old Timer --combined with complete in- formation on AMATCO TENTS and accessories. _Every pros- pective auto tourist or camper should have this little booklet. Sent_Absolutely Free. MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY. Please send me above booklet |S by return mail. AMERICAN AWNING & TENT CO. usually proves unsatisfactory ; if concrete Manufacturers is mixed with a little headwork, it should Hon een St, Mpatem, Sines. give satisfaction in every case. ’ 1 ins a. D A chimney cap of concrete holds the upper bricks solidly in place and makes a neat finish “DON'T SHOU June, 19% TOM DERING Sexophene Solow ‘and Teacher Los Angeles. Cat this easy fingering Buescher Saxophone, Most wonderful music. 3 lessons given on request with each new BuescherTrue-Tone, Teach yourself. Many play scales right off- easy tunes first week. You can. Easy to Play, EasytoPay Try any BuescherInstrument for 6 days. Satisfaction or no sale. Easy terms arranged. Send postal for cate alog and details of trialand payment plans. Mention instrument preferred. No obligation. Send today. BUESCHER BAND INSTRUMENT CO, 1516 Buescher Block Elkhart, Indiana ‘CARTER) All Metal “‘IMP’’ Rheostat © Small 13” dia. Sturdy. No moulded parts to crack or break. Smooth posi- tive contact. The choice of the big majority. Any dealer can supply. In Canada—Carter Radio ances 3to Co., Limited, Toronto SO Ohms (Caton Rad © (GOs: 22 So ANNES AvVaNUS v ~ “CGRIGAGO; Its UA **T hear you. I can hear now as well as any body. ‘HOW?’ With THE MORLEY PHONE. I've a pair in my ears now, but they are invisible. I would not know Ihad them in, myself, only that I hear all right.” The Morley Phone for the is to the ears what glasses are to the eyes. Invisible, comfortable, weight- less and harmless. Anyone can adjust it. Over one: hundred thou sand sold. Write for booklet and testimonials. THE MORLEY CO., Dept. 797, 10S. 18th Street, Philadelphia wood, Remington, Oliver— prices smashed to almost half. 2 and it’s yours All late models; completely rebuilt and re- ; yy finished brandnew. GUARANTEED for ten & ee Free YEARS. Send no money—big FREE catalog. a) Trial shows actual machines in full colors. Get our direct-to-you easy pay- ment plan and 10-dav free trial offer. Limited time, so write today. International Typewriter Ex., 186 W. Lake St. Dept. 638 Chicago Crescent Wood Working Machines are adapted for use wherever there is wood work to be done. Small machines for use on the bench, large machines for general factory use. Send today for circular of machines in which you are particularly interested. For the small shop, Bench Jointer, Bench Saw Table No. 12, 20- . inch Band Saw. For larger factories Band Saws Sa’ pas Shapers, ointer ‘a- riety W Worker Crescent Planers, Planers and Machine Matchers, Disk Grind- ers, Cut Off Swing Saws, Borers, Hollow Chisel Mortis- ers, Tenoners, Self Feed Rip Saw, Univer- sal Wood Workers. oO. 607 Cherry Fork Ave., Leetonia, Ohio. 1S} This seal on a radio or too] advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. june, 1926 La Hou: was rec ithe nee accomp from m. A pie ing was of the |: A piece wood p The « truss Wi — 4% Ligh ladd strips, furnisl The o1 tie roc placed hold t A ¢ chords ladder and if been | even | He | Pe veneone | dition “An and + cut w ithe hi | size | hand] jaws | space | while being cut is ing t! their and t A] the b raw covel oil fr smal large Rosi Spir. the j ends

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

SHES aDS HOME] (Continued from page 98) a | Ladder for A uicut 12-ft. lad : der for general House Repairs purposes around — the house and yard “was required on short notice. To meet ‘the need, the trussed ladder shown in the accompanying drawing was constructed fom materials found in the basement. A piece of 3-in. wide yellow pine floor- ing was ripped to form the two sidepieces of the ladder, each 7% by 11% in. by 12 ft. A piece of straight-grained oak from the wood pile furnished the rungs. The chords or tension members of the truss were made from some cypress lattice

STRING PIECE %"*1'6"x 12'-O"

POST \ ’yx6x6- | \FILLER 4x3%4! FH cHoRDd - Ya 1%'x 14-0" Lightness is the feature of this well braced ladder for general use around the house strips, while odds and ends of lumber furnished the smaller pieces required. The only things purchased were the few tie rods or long stove bolts, which were placed just beneath four of the rungs to hold together the string pieces. A good tension was secured on the chords by giving a slight camber to the ladder. The ladder weighs only 25 Ibs., and if white pine or other light wood had been available, it would have weighed even less.—HeEnry JERVEY.

I am using today How to Keep paintbrushes that | Paintbrushes | are six years old | and in perfect con- idition, This is how I keep them: | ‘An oil-tight tin with a lid is obtained, ‘and two slots are j cut with a chisel in ithe lid to suit the isize of the brush. ‘handle. The vise jaws serve as a | spacer under the lid while the slots are being cut. Another cut is made connect- ing the first two at their center points, and the resulting flaps are bent under. A hole is bored through the handle of the brush to take a small nail, and enough raw linseed oil poured in the can to cover the bristles. The lid prevents the oil from drying out quickly. I keep two small brushes in one can; each of the larger brushes is in its own.—Eric B. Roserts.

Brush containers

SPIRAL SPRING arm bands that part at the joint can be repaired by sweating the ends together with a drop of solder.

ROM teeth to tem. per, every important point about a Simonds Saw or File reflects Simonds near-century experience in making the finest cutting steel. It pays to specify “Simonds” when buying.

“The Saw Makers” KEE

Hw s Seo, ape BR b73 ze Ne * Wy, Bring your cutting problems to cutting tool headquarters. SIMONDS SAW AND STEEL COMPANY Established 1832 Fitchburg, Mass. Branch Stores and Service Shops in Principal Citiea

pTHIS SAW Siigp,

SRG, MASS. RG, MASS. CHICA U.S.A, SO. Try ¥, <= Cd

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No. 2 Lathe, back-geared headstock- - - - ------ 58.00 Complete line of See at equally low prices. Catalog sent re a ree, F Dept. P. S. 12, 120 Liberty Street, New York

Cap., 4in. dia. x 12 in. length. Sliderest has trav- el entire length. of bed. Lead-screw inside bed. Hol'ow spindle. Turning, facing. boring, drilling, winding, thread cutting. No. 1 Lathe, plain headstock - - - $28.00 GEROLD COMPANY

40 years’ Experience hed | =| Clear, natural tone, broad musical rangeand supreme sensitivity distinguish the Am- plion from other loud speakers. Your set will perform only as well as the loud speaker will reproduce. Your good set deserves the best loud speaker you can buy. Try an Amplion for an evening or two, You will hear your set atits best with an Amplion. THE AMPLION CORPORATION OF AMERICA Suite M, 280 Madison Avenue, New York Chicago Branch: 27-29 North Morgan St. ‘Amplion Corporation of Canada. Ltd. Toronto

FOR PARTICULAR MEN Toolmakers and Ma- chinists will find the right Case in our FREE CATALOG * Send for it TO-DAY. H. GERSTNER & SONS 530 Columbia St., Dayton, 0.

New Lathe © Catalog Free! Shows 96 styles and sizes from the smallest Bench Lathe to the largest Factory Production Lathe. Describes— The New South Bend Lathe aheavier,stronger Latheof greater belt pow- er—equal in accuracy and precision to any other Lathe made. The New South Bend Lathe sells at attractive prices—each one a remarkable value. Write for Free Catalog. Easy Payments if Desired South Bend Lathe Works 823 East Madison St., South Bend, Ind.

a el eee Li cA

© This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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100 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY x NFANFANFANFZANFAY We FANIANIAD FAN 1 4 «SPOT GAME MILES AWAY POWERFUL IMPORTED BINOCULARS Gowaves Distance! Follow flight of fowl! high In sky! Observe movements of deer, bear, birds, ships, people off inthe distance. Autos roaring ‘round the track! Horses tearing down the turf! Make your eyes 8 times stronger! Bring objects right to your fect! Keep a pair in your car! Motoring will become a joy! New Worlds will open for YOU! When off fora hike sling a pair over your shoulder (they add that smart mili- tary air) and enjoy glorious vistas as never before. These Bin- oculars will prove a never-ending lifetime joy! Indispen- sable for camping, hunting, hiking, yachting, races, motoring, shut-ins, observation, bird and nature studies, etc. Hundreds Supplied to Army and Navy Officers LIMITED importation received! Frenchand German Army Officers’ 8-POWER Prism Binoculars ; famous PREMIERE QUALITE; brand new, perfect, Brillis ant illumination, ex- Guisite definition; remarkable light-gathering power. Wide field of vision—many times area of field glasses. Central focusing with individual eye-strength and width adjustments, Superbly constructed, handsomely finished rich grain leather. Heat and moisture proof. Usually sell for $40.00 to $50.00. Our Price (while limited importation lasts) com $93-50 plete with leather case, neck and shoulder straps.. We ask for NO Money — He lam NOTHING on Delivery! Just Try, the privilege of sending BINOCULARS on 10 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL. (We _ have confidence in our goods.) See, pleased W ith BINOCULARS you may pay on Budget Plan: $5.00 MONTHLY or, if you wish to pay cash at end 75 of 10 DAYS, deduct $1.75 and © send Check or Money Order for $21.75 in FULL SETTLEMENT. Send NO | Pay NOTHING | Mail Coupon Money | _on Delivery only ~— NO w! SEAVER-WILLIAMS CO. OPTICAL DIVISION 2 Generations of Honorable Dealings Importers, Exporters, National Mail Order House 365 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. Largest Distributors of Binoculars inthe United States Gentlemen:—Send me 8-Power Binoculars ($23.50) for 10 Days’ FREE Trial. If pleased, within 10 days Ihave the privilege of paying $5.00 monthly or of deducting $1.75 and sending $21.75 in FULL SETTLEMENT, Other- wise, 1 shall return them. NAME a NN ac csp nasiorcasiecnsopestevauevenastoicacssupncpipteneucensssovocbobey Tear out and mail this coupon NOW! If you wish to tell us something about yourself, it will i simply write on separate slip of paper. PS. 6-26 Test, Use Binoculars for 10 Days Absolutely Free! If | BURN YOUR NAME ON bb at ARKOGRAF Tools FromTheft. write with elec- tricity any name or design on the hard- est and finest tools and instruments,or any metal, like writing on paper r with pep or pencil. Complete Outfit SO Prepaid A here. Interest- _ ‘illustrated circular free. Write to- lay. Agents wanted. erie y Pp O. 171-A East Stark St., Portland, Oregon x SYANY ANY NVI NYA I NVI NVI NVA I CI NI NI SX Derrer Shop Wietin@cls Faucet Used for Hardening the Ends of Pins T FREQUENTLY happens that pins and short, flat pieces have to be hard- ended at both ends while the center is left soft. Small shops with meager equip- ment do not find this job easy. If one end is hardened at a time, there is risk of softening the first end while heating the second, yet if both ends are heated at once, one end will lose its heat while the other is being quenched. Recently I had a number of flat finger pieces to be hardened at both ends for a distance of about Cooling ends of a %in. A piece flat finger piece of rubber hose | was cut off 1 in. less than the fingers, a hole was cut in the center of it, and it was pressed on the nozzle of the shop faucet. The pieces were heated all over and held under the faucet so that a stream of water fell only on the ends.—ArtTHUR KENDALL. Small Turntable for Heating Dies with Acetylene Torch HEN an acetylene torch is used, as is often the case in small shops, for heating certain.dies and small tools that are to be hardened, the handling of the work can be made much easier if it is placed on a piv- oted © stand. Then the torch can be held sta- tionary and the work revolved in front of it. The small turntable illus- trated was de- signed for this purpose. It is merely a plate with a pipe welded to it, so that it can be set over a stud welded to another plate. About 1% in. above the base is a pin which projects at both ends. rest two small sleeves, one on each side, which act as rollers, so that the table may The die or tool can be revolved easily Upon this, | be turned slowly and steadily with the , fingers of one hand while the other hand holds the torch.—H. Moore. Wrenches Are Long Enough EVERAL times I have seen recom- mended the “kink” of making a wrench longer by slipping a gas pipe over it. That is a simple procedure, but does it pay to make a wrench longer in order to put nuts on tighter? Wrenches for small nuts are invariably short: for the medium nuts, medium in length; and for (Continued on page 101) the attractiveness of a garden than an arbor, and rest. arbor may be built easily who can handle a hammer locations. Besides being wise plain front entrance t garage. the charm of the arbor. If consist only of an arched over the gate. rial needed. address on receipt of 25¢. a POPULAR SCIENCE =e "= a " See Ot ie td = 6-25 ~=4Aiy ce POPULAR SCIENCE diana 250 Fourth Avenue, New York Swing. Name Street City and State... You, too, can have a Beautiful Garden NotHinc will add more to if it has comfortable seats. This arbor, with its arched top, its quaint gate, and its two roomy seats, is a perpetual invitation for one to linger Although of distinctive de- sign and substantial construction the A further advantage of this arbor is its adaptability to various uses and garden gate, it can be used to add architectural distinction to an other- or to decorate the side entrance to a If the gate is not desired it may be omitted, although it adds materially to sufficient depth available for the seats,. or if the seats are not needed, they also may be omitted so that the arbor will No skill with tools is required. A very simple blueprint has been pre- pared that will help you build this charming addition to your garden. The Blueprint includes a bill of mate- It will be sent to any 250 Fourth Avenue, ZO} ~ ODay F.. "2 "ea I am enclosing 25c for which please send me Blueprint No. 9 of the Arbor, Gate and June, 19% well-kept especially by any one and saw. used as a o the house there is not latticework MONTHLY New York = ea, *e © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. June, 1926 large n turers | The pil cross-st bottom count, does tl Mo. 3 normal bolts t force | By in | quent. | they b _ turnin, | stretel not do bolt sl | Iftv ‘for “u bad. | ening. HOLE THRO | Th | ad the d | pullec | depre | there ally s | the fl p | a | One ne | iy ‘ ream |

Page 105

June, 1926 Petter Shop Methods| Wrenches Are Long Enough (Continued from page 100) large nuts they are long. The manufac- turers have a system in making wrenches. The pitch of the thread is considered, the cross-sectional area of the bolt at the bottom of the threads is taken into ac- count, and the strength of the man who does the tightening is also kept in mind. To make a wrench twice as long as normal will increase the tension on the bolts to twice the proper amount, if the force of pull on the wrench is the same. By increasing wrench lengths, I fre- quently have “stretched”’ bolts until they broke in two, or else have stopped ‘turning as soon as I felt them begin to stretch. This is poor practice, and I do /not do it any more. The elastic limit of a bolt should never be reached. If vou feel like making a wrench longer for “unscrewing” a nut, that is not so bad. But don’t make it longer for tight- ening. —W. F. SHapuorst, M.E. Quickly Made Drawer Stop IRE \ in. in diameter is used to make the drawer stop illustrated. | The point A drops through the bottom of BSS THROUGH BOTTOM DRAWER SUPPoRT-” A | | This wire catch makes it impossible to pull | a drawer out entirely end spill the contents the drawer and prevents it from being | pulled entirely out unless the end B is depressed. When this device is used, there is no longer any danger of accident- ally spilling the contents of the drawer on | the floor.—C. W. JoHNson. Valve for Experimental Work N EXPERIMENTAL and model work, a valve or stop often is needed in a small pipe line of copper or brass tubing. One can be made quickly and easily as shown below. A hole of suitable size is drilled through the tubing and is reamed with a taper reamer. Into this is fitted a taper pin, which should close the tube entirely. A hole then is drilled in the taper pin so that its bottom edge will coincide with the lower inside surface of the tube. A short piece of ly-in. cold rolled steel is fitted into the large end of the pin for a han- dle. The surplus length of the pin is cut off on both sides of the tubing after it is correctly seated. A valve of this type can be made so that it will hold almost any gas or liquid. -—- The valve is made from a taper pin POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY “Aldi sh I Aki Tred ui tor no y ron 101 ICEL O 1. 2. been charged enough. Shows instantly whether your a few hours’ emergency reception. You can't go wrong with it. get out of order or mislead you. you ‘fully informed of your it at your dealer's. direct to factory. CLEVELAND, OHIO TELLS AT A GLANCE When the battery needs charging. When the battery on charge has Battery will operate the radio set. also warns of approaching discharge— tells you whether the battery is good for Sterling Charge Indicator It can't It keeps “A” power supply—vital to correct radio reception. No acid to spill or bother with. No time lest. 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Page 106

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‘| Better Shop Methods |

Hurrying Up That Milling Job (Continued from page 76) “Til have to tell you that myself— and, besides, opinions differ. I call a nor- mal feed for steel, for a roughing opera- tion like this, about two inches per min- ute, when the depth of the cut is what we have here. Many operators would con- sider four inches a minute nearer right, but for the quality of work we require,

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pictures. Write now. METROPOLITAN 16 Cc — seen Folks ATHOL, MASS. Pp . "Dept. PS-1 A G E s able two inches could be called normal. For cast-iron, six to twelve inches per minute or even more is often used for surfacing cuts with face mills. Let’s assume aunty feet per minute and two inch feed; know this would be safe, anyway. ae. the length of the work is seventeen and one quarter inches, so how long would it take for that cut, Harvey?” “Why, seventeen and one quarter divided by two equals eight and five eighths minutes, I guess.” said Harvey. “We'll have to go into it a little deeper, Harvey,” said Grimes, with a smile. “How large a cutter are we going to use? *Five-inch, I guess,” replied Harvey. “Then look at this sketch (Fig. 3). Here’s your work A, seventeen and one

VISE | WORK ~<---<o i cceneteidenialiaaimnmeememaal { C— 4 ——} - —_ J | ———e | VISE CUTTER 3°DIAM Fig. 4. One bar was milled while another was being loaded in the vise at opposite end quarter inches long, and your cutter B, five inches diameter. You can see that your table has to travel seventeen and one quarter inches plus the distance C, which we can call the approach of the cutter before it gets to a point where it is cutting full depth. You can lay it out with dividers and measure the distance C, or vou can figure one third the diam- eter of the cutter as an approximate allowance. This is not absolutely accu- rate, but it is near enough for an estimate on small diameters. For surfacing cuts with a face mill, the distance would be one half the diameter of the cutter. Harvey saw that the table travel would be the length of cut plus one third the cutter diameter; 174+124=18.916, or about 91% minutes for cutting. “If we run the cutter at eighty feet per minute,” Grimes went on, “a five-inch cutter would be running eighty times four, divided by five, or sixty-four rev- olutions per minute, so you would select the nearest speed to this and go ahead. If vou were making an estimate on the job and making two pieces at a time, you would have to figure on running the table back, cleaning off the chips, unloading the fixture and reloading it, all in addition to your cutting time.” “Well, Mr. Grimes, just for fun, figure out about how long these things ought to take and I'll see how close I can come to it tomorrow.” (Continued on page 103)

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June, 1926

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Detter Shop Methods | Hurrying Up That Milling Job (Continued from page 102)

‘All right, Harvey, put it down in your book—” Loading fixture (2 pieces) and getting table to position for

cutting, approximately... ... 2 min. Time for cutting............. 91% min. Running table back.......... Vg min. Cleaning off chips............ 1 min. Unicadimg................... 14 min. Incidental time.............. 4 min. Total, 15 min. “Say fifteen minutes for two pieces,” Grimes said. “Do you think you can do that?” DON’T think so, Mr. Grimes. I've done the job before and I think I made only about half that speed. I'll try your way tomorrow and see how I come out.” “Just notice,” said Grimes, “that the cutting takes. nine and one half min- utes. What are you going to do during that time—sit around and watch the machine?” “Why, yes, I guess so! I have to gage the work as it comes through, you know, and that takes a little time,” replied Harvey. “I don’t know what else I can do!” “You haven’t another fixture like the one you are going to use, have you? If you had one, you could set up two ma- chines and just about double your pro- duction. You would have plenty of time to unload, clean and load the fixture on one machine while the other machine was at work.” “There was a duplicate fixture made up during the war, but never used,” Harvey said. “If I can find it, I believe I can fix it up and use it. I'll try, anyhow.” The pair then turned their attention to the brass bars, w hich were to be held two at a time, in vise jaws, using a vise at eac n end of the table (see Fig. 4, page 102). 3-in. face mill would be used. “You try it yourself, Harvey,” said. " A right, here goes,” said Harvey. “This is only a surfacing cut with a limit of .005 on thickness, but they want a good finish. I'll have a feed about the same as we used for the keyway, two inches per minute and a pretty good speed because the work is brass, say one hun- dred and fifty feet, which gives us—” He wrote down: 150X4_ ong revolutions 3 ~~ per min. Length of pieces end to end, 7 in. Feed, 7+ 14 cutter lenis in.

Grimes “That means four minutes for two pieces,” he said. “Unloading, cleaning and reloading i is very fast, not over half a minute. Then I have to traverse the table about twelve inches to the other vise, about fifteen or twenty seconds—is that right, Mr. Grimes?” “Put it down and see what it gives ° 103

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you!” (Continued on pose 3 104 14)

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Page 108

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Better Shop Methods] Hurrying Up That Milling Job (Continued from page 103) Cutting time, 4+ Loading, cleaning and unloading, 144+2= Table traverse 13+2= vi, Total for one piece, 2144+ 1% =2°/12 min. “This would be at the rate of nearly twenty-five pieces an hour. I am sure 1 ‘an do as many as this, Mr. Grimes, and perhaps more. What is wrong with my figures?” “Nothing, Harvey, except a lack of

2=2 min.

per piece

judgment,” replied Grimes, — smiling. “First you want higher speed and coarser feed—two hundred feet per min- ute for yellow brass is better than one hundred and fifty feet, and four-inch feed at this speed will give you a good com- mercial finish.” He went on to show that a speed of 200 X4+3 = 26623 revolutions, say 270— CLAMPS B

CUTTERS

Fig. 5. Four cover plates were clamped in a fixture and faced on ends by a straddle mill the length 8+4=2 min. for 2 pieces or 1 min. for 1 piece. “To this,” Grimes continued, “we need to add only the time for traversing table from one vise to the other. As long as you can load one vise while the machine is doing work at the other end, you don’t lose this time at all. Therefore I would figure it as one and one sixth minutes per piece, or at the rate of fifty-one pieces per hour.” “That's some difference!” Harvey. “What about those cast-iron covers?’ asked Grimes. “There’s a job you will have to look out for because of the fix- ture. It is not a very accurate job, and you can lose a lot of time on it unless you are careful. I’m going to tell you how to do it, and you can note it down for reference. ; “The fixture can hold four pieces, arranged as in Fig. 5. Straddle milling cutters face both ends at the same time.” He showed that the pieces are 41% over all and 34 in. between, and that, there- fore, the total length of the cut would be 4iiX4= ripitriag” = 1834, to which must be added 14 cutter diameter 10+3=3 14, giving shont 22 in. total of table feed. The work being cast-iron, the cutters for a facing cut could run at from 80 to 90 ft. per min. or from 32 to 36 revolutions per min. Thefeed (Continued on page 105) ee exclaimed FOR CLEAR, QUIET “B” POWER

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Page 109

e™=—sO@ Sate t =F

ON ee filha er ciate, June, 1926

Better Shop Methods Hurrying Up That Milling Job (Continued from page 104)

could be very coarse compared with some of the other jobs, say 7 in. per min. “We never used over a two-inch feed on that job,” Harvey commented. “Do you think it is safe to use seven-inch feed? That would take only a little over three minutes for the whole cut.” “Yes,” replied Grimes, “that would be about right. You might even find it pos- sible to use nine-inch feed, but to be con- servative, let’s use seven-inch. I should analyze the job like this—” jotting down: Load first 2 pieces A and B and clamp down A and one side B 114 min. Move table forward and throw EEE ERE ere - 4 min. Load other two pieces C and D and clamp all down. By this time pieces A and B will be nearly past the cutters. Loosen clamps and remove these two as soon as they are well clear, leaving C and D clamped in place. After cut- ters have finished these other two pieces, stop machine and feed table back by hand, hic oh os Cdk adic VY min. Now remove C and D, allow.. 1 min. Clean fixture, allow.......... % min. Extra allowance for contin- gencies...... ern ste ae . YWwmin. Total, 414 min. “That would be at the rate of about fifty-six pieces per hour,’ Grimes sum- marized, ‘How many do they get gen- erally, Harvey?” * About sixteen an hour, Mr. Grimes,” replied Harvey, in a discouraged tone. *T don’t believe it is possible to get what you figure I ought to.” “Do you see anything wrong with the estimate, Harvey?” “No, not exactly, but you know I have to gage the pieces every half hour or so; where does that come in? Also I may have to have the cutters sharpened once during the job.” “Yes, I know all that, Harvey, but I’m only telling you at what rate per hour you ought to machine the pieces—allowances

we are only discussing feeds and speeds. allowances for such things as gaging and handling, of course.” “T think I’ve got about enough for tonight, Mr. Grimes,” said Harvey, as he reached for his hat and put his notebook in his pocket. “If I can do these three jobs the way we have figured them out, I'll take my hat off to you, but I'm from Missouri and want to try them out first.” * All right, Harvey,” laughed Grimes. “T’ll see how you make out on that first job in the shop tomorrow, and then you your hat.” Things must have gone well with smiled broadly as he passed Mr. Grimes. “There’s a boy.” chuckled the engi- neer, “who will get somewhere some day, or I'm a poor guesser!”’

for contingencies are not considered, as | In a production estimate, I should make

can decide whether or not to take off | Harvey the next day, for at noon he |

© This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY YOURS for 105 Three Dollars! Here’s Your Chance to OWN a Typewriter It’s a Genuine UNDERWOOD! Don’t do another day without a typewriter! It’s a wonderful convenience—a marvelous money- # maker—and here’s an opportunity to get the best. Three dollars and it’s yours! Pay from month to month, while learning and earning on the very finest, fastest writing machine ever built. Read the offer. Dewy New Purchase Plan These genuine Underwoods are reman- ufactured in our own rebuilding plant, and are in sparkling condition. Guaran- teed for five years. In all probability, good fora lifetime. And this direct purchase saves you many dollars, besides! You are welcome to a ten-day trial before you buy, so it’s folly to buy a cheap e of typewriter, or to rent one. | » | Whatever you do, get the Particulars of this unusual ff © offer. Our prices and terms 7 are a revelation. The big Shipman-Ward typewriter book is a mine of infor- mation about writing machines, and it’s free. Type- writing Manual, free too, if you make prompt use of coupon below. Get posted on typewriters— their use in social and business correspondence —household—school—and literary work. It will PAY you to clip coupon now!

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Summer Joy Is Greatest With a oe see | **RADIO”’ Bungalow! A swage S ° & Hommeile eerie es 2 fot i DONT envy your friends any longer—now fr ascy ta ie becouse it hee ia you can have your own summer bungalow, Y. 4 at an amazingly low price! 2. Only ‘Heat’,"" A Mechanic wrote: * ‘I've been HE Bossert ‘‘RADIO” Bungalow has been d of acclaimed by vacationists everywhere as the owning and operating a shop for L 30: years and know what :l am erfect summer bungalow. Obtainable now in a choice of 6 sizes, from 3 to 5 rooms with talking about when ‘Tsay: it isa eae first class article,” a ae porch. Is easily erected by unskilled labor in 36 ‘ubs and Pails An Auto Owner said: *"It met hours. Strongly constructed of best materials, msumiler wees omy needs for miscellaneous use Jasts for years. Being fully portable it can be removed to a new location whenever you like. around both the garage and bbotit household. ae Prepare now for your happiest summer by The Home Owner says: ‘The ordering right away! Immediate shipment. uses | have puti€to prove its iis : pee ; Write at once for free folder giving com- plete floor plans. efficiency: for home use.”’ Send 20c for our new 48-page catalog Glance over the opposite list. See Priced ss $42 » $826 how much you: need’ Kester F. O. B. BROOKLYN “Metal Mender’ right: now —the “RADIO” Garage solder. carrying its own flux.! Only *Extracts from many letters on file. $ F. O. B. SS Brook- lyn Handsomely designed. Comes sectional-built; ' 12 ft. x 18 ft. inside aes ~~. measurements. y Sirongly con- | : - structed. An _ at- | tractive addition | to any home orestate. Can be erected by unskilled labor in 8 or 10 hours. Carried in stock for imme- diate shipment. LOUIS BOSSERT & SONS, Inc. “Largest Lumber Plant in the East” 1310 Grand St. (House Dept.), Brooklyn, N. Y.

ESTER Metal Mender is simple, safe; and sure; that’s

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Page 110

106 It's Easy to Build’ RSS Oo? 4 ow

Page 111

June, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

Winer | BLANK evant PISTOL it is easy for

This well f Make Your Watches, Clocks, Etc., de and Visible by Night 2,97 ast diner, ue ~. tically unobtainable except at an eagraitant rice, we oy: pat cae in oP any arti g this remarkab c LUMINOUS F IT, which, applied to the surface of any pitieie. omits Nichi rendering it ertectly visible In the 4 THE th E BRILLIANT SHINES. Quite ple to _ Yoo cn THE can it. A little applied to the dial of your watch or clock will enable you to ect the time by nig’ iene. —— a — of mines epecteie lights, mateb, b boxes, — ogarien, eles ~ pr lar, whilst, when er articles; make your own Luminous Crucifixes, ous Ros % e Bottle containing sufficient to coat several emall stitins, Price 2 a. bare time and Deeling off a genuine bill wceced. will probably drove Sues as sizes 50c and $1 postpaid. Johnson Smith & Co.. Dont. 532 tacine. Wise 4 Lge — — eet on roll, lets, without the danger to life. It e e effect created will be found to | takes the standard .22 Calibre Blank Microphone T ransmitter Button] be all tiat‘can be desired, Prices, | Cartridges, that are’ ebtainale most postpaid: 40 Bills 20c, 125 for 50¢, women a, og EK frighten a thief with or $3.50 thousand postpaid. out risk to herself or anyone else. A Great Protection Against W d f | X g T b Burglars, Tramps and Dogs. You can have it lying about with- on er u © ay UDE | out et eden nf attached to other revolvers. Wesel large num- Awonderfullittle | Bers COR the 4th of July. Well made of solid Metal. instrument pro- press on! only Soe} ror 108. ont n smith & aes x $33, R Racine, Wis ducing optical ’ p le nson Smi 0., Dept. ac ’ illusions both Sneezing Powder) Mystic Skeleton surprising and D 4 Pinca a wees A jointed figure§} Oe $e pd ls

enough: *. scare abu startling. With it of a skeleton rol you can see what is apparently the bones of oat amon’ in. in height, will your finger, the lead in a lead pencil, the in- of this pow- | dance to music PAID You can easily make a highly sensitive detectophone by pet opening in & pipe stem, das many other der on the using this Transmitter Button to collect the sound waves. | similar illusions. A mystery that no one has back of your You can build your own outfit without buying expensive | been abla as atlatactoril explain. Price 10c, hand and equipment. It is simple and inexpensive. You can install 3 for2Sc, 9 dozen 75¢. Johnson Smith & Co. an outfit in your home and hear conversations being held all over the house. You can connect up different rooms of a hotel. This outfit was used by secret service operatives dure ing the war. It is being used on the etaze. It is ultra-sensi- tive and is the greatest invention in micro-phones. You can ! } mount the button almost anywhere—card board boxes, stove Luc ipes, stiff calendars, on the wall-behind a picture frame, etc. % ree: is so lisht and small it cannot be detected. Persons i in can be overheard without suspecting it. You can listen in on = conversations in another room. Greatest boys’ book Written. Tells how to| More fun than make a Pinhole Cam-|fighting with era, a& Canoe, model BY wife. Railroad, a Telephone, | Look just like Boomerang, Fae yg ordinary apetrument, Box 7 matches. Put et

is the and places. If you wish to pro-] most popular of all squirt tricks. The duce a decided sensation in your flower in your coat looks so fresh and neighborhood don’t fail to procure] weet that everyone is tempted to inhale the delightful perfume. Then is the mo-

Roll your own and eave money. Makes | One. Wesend the Fire Eater with] ment to press the bulb. Geewhillikens! them batter and quicker besides saving more | all the materials, in a handsome] Don't they jump? There is a very long aol belt Use your R.A, x. box, the cover of which is highly cane — e that easily reaches to the co. en usett "i j > ¢ j pocket of your coat or trousers, and the size, weighs 1%4'os. Made entirely of metal, ornamented with illustrations in alte tates auonehe to make’ a dosan

: 4 . vari lors. Price of all com- kin ‘Machin up in boxes just 4 . plated. Price 25c postp tpaid. various co ey" shots with one loading. PRICE 25c Microscope, Blecteie} Motor, Electric like regular Safety Cc FLUTE plete only 30 cents, postpaid. each, or 3 for 6Se postpaid, Door Bell, Water Wheel, Paddle|Matches. As the victim tries MACI Raft, a pair of Skis, a Dog Sled,|to light one he gets quite 9 Ga’, Wonderful Instru- ird’ House, Rabbit Yard, ete. _64 |surprise. Wonderfully Sweet Toned and Musical ee ment. Greatest thing pages, 150’ illustrations. ' PRICE, | Price 10c per box, 3 boxes for yet. Nine sep- Postpaid; 3 for 25c, 25c postpaid, 12 for 75 cents. agic Flute, or — : arate articles in one. Every body , delighted with it. Odd, curious and interesting. Lots of pleasure _as well as very useful. It is a double Microscope for examining the wonders of nature. It is also an Opera Glass, a “Stereoscope, a Burning Lens, a Reading Glass, a Tele- scope, a Compass, a Pocket Mirror, and a Laryngascope ¢] tor examining eye, ear, nose and throat. It is worth all the cost to locate even one painful cinder in the eye. Folds flat and fits the pocket. Something great—you_need one. Don’t miss it. Sent by mail, —— Price, only 35c or 3 for $1.00 pomnekt.

ed. There is just a little knack in playing it ie yt when once ace after a little ae enable you to

ie no fingering, ard once on ju can pla’ pl png When pl played as an Se eon to @ piano or any other musical instrument the effect is as as i

Novelty Beviges

The Wonder of the World Japanese Rose Bushes bloom all the year found. Just think of it. Six weeks after planting the seed, the plants will be in full bloom, It may not seem possible, but we posi- tively guarantee it to be so. They will bloom every ,&. weeks, Summer or Winter, and when three years old the

MAGICIAN’S OUTFIT of Rayatert and Directions for a Number ys It is great fun mystify i ang your friends. Get his Conjurer’s Cabinet, and you will be the placed on the lapel of your coat, vanishes from @ sight at will; the Magic Vase and Ball ‘Trick with which you can _app: parently cut your finger , almost in two; the Wonderful Card ‘Trick (a pate is placed in an envelope, and when The Famous Dissolving Penny Trick; The Glass Goblet and Vanishing Coin Trick (a coin is dropped into a glass of water, and when the pares is poured out the coin has sterious Tricks Enough for an Cleverest fellow in your district. It foot 1 (a Wooden Ball is placed inside, and upon re- open an entirely different card altogether is found); The Disappearing P Got Box a vanished), With the tricks described above we eend full Frinted instructions for Entire Evening’s Entertainment ANYONE CAN DO THEM 7 5¢ the apparatus for seven firstrate tricks, ins cluding ‘the Disappearing Rose, that, when placing the lid has disappeared and is found in someone else’s pocket); ‘The Magic Naii coin is placed in the little wocaen barrel, and, when opened again, is found to have vanished entirely, or can_be made to change into @ coin of another denomination); performing each trick, so that anyone can readily perform all the tricks to th t amuscment of their friends or the public. Any boy of -~ tH intelligence, with this

Cabinet of Tricke in his possession, can give a parlor entertainment not Ki Permit 10 Castiv Tacnedev 108 bush will be a mass of roses, bearing from five hundred to fome regular magicians. Besides the tricks eontatned in the Cabinet, there're mang “guing ead Ravel metal badges. nickel a thousand roses on each bush. The flowers are in three shades other feate and altnsione fully explained with full printed instructions, for which you plated, thas you can wear, giving you = —white, pink, and crimson. The plants will do well both in and easily make or procure the neceseary apparatus. This unexcelled Cabinet of Tricka| Out of all proportion he their trifling cos' out doors. We guarantee at least three bushes to grow from each —— 75 CENTS POSTPAID TO Any AbpRess. 10c, — "badge, 3 for 25c, or 75c per | Cis. packet of seed. Price, 10¢ packet, 3 pkts. for 25¢ postpaid. leLuxe Kdition of our new 1925 CATALO ¥ ‘ nailed on eeceee Re 25c, _ Handsome cloth

ADDRESS ORDERS FOR ALL GOODS ON THIS PAGE TO Postage ni Only ts kind. pag ell the hateat tn tricks statin magia" th the ann novel- Pipe », puzzles, games, sporti interes RACINE WIS ” Esvecsonioc Ey JOHNSON SMITH & CO. vert. 522, , WIS. IS} This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 192

cAll Wave Recetver” ee SILVER COCKADAY

Single Control — 4-Tube Receiver Designed by Silver, Cockaday and the engineering staffs of the seven manufacturers listed below. Sponsored by Popular Radio Magazine. Endorsed and described by Radio News, Radio. Magazine, Radio Engineering, Christian Science Monitor and Newspapers throughout the country... The new S-C Receiver is presented to the Set- Builder with an astounding introduction that is his best assurance of a performance that will live up to promise. An in- troduction that compels attention and appreciation . that speaks volumes of praise ... that has been accorded only to the S-C Receiver. New S.-C Features Perfected Single Control—Unlimited Wavelength Range—Extraordinary Volume that equals that of many 6-tube receivers—Quality unsurpassed—Hair- line Selectivity that brought KFI through a blanket of powerful locals into New York City with ample loudspeaker volume. The S-C is adapted to any standard cabinet, tubes, batteries or eliminators, and to practically all installation conditions. Assembled Easily S-C assembly is a marvel of simplicity. A special, multi-color wiring harness eliminates soldering, unless desired, and prevents error. With only a screwdriver and a pair of pliers, even an absolute novice can assemble the S-C perfectly in a few hours.

The parts made by the following reputable concerns are recommended for the S-C by the designers and can be obtained in a complete kit from any Radio Dealer Belden Mfg. Co.—S-C Wiring Harness. Central Radio Laboratories—Centralab Resistance. Polymet Mfg. Corporation—Fixed Condensers, Leak and Leak Clips. Poster & Co.—Drilled and Processed Front Panel and Drilled Sub-Panel. Silver-Marshall, Inc.—Variable Condensers, Coil Sock- ets, Coils, Tube Sockets, Vernier Dial, ounting Brackets. Thordarson Elec. Mfg. Co. — Power Trans- former. Yaxley Mfg. Co. —Rheostat, Finely Switch. Get the hand-book at your radio dealer’s, or clip the coupon and send with S-C MERCHANDISING COMPANY 64-66 E. Jackson Blvd., Chicago. S-C MERCHANDISING COMPANY IS) 64-66 E. Jackson Blvd., Chicago. 5 cents for which send me the Herewith please find 2 hand-book of the new S-C Four-Tube Receiver. $ to Name Address. .

—

for an Odd-Sized Hole By O. S. MaArRsHALL INSTANCES where an exception- N IG ally close fit is required in connection with a sleeve and a sliding member and where there must be exact parallelism of hole and mating part, the hole may be brought to any desired degree of perfec- tion by lapping it first and subsequently fitting the cylindrical member to it. The lap may be made quickly by using any convenient piece of round stock, turning one end of it for a short distance, drilling and reaming a taper hole of small

How the expanding lap is used. A small screw in end joins bushing and

| part already turned. arbor to prevent slipping | diameter i in this end, and then splitting re part, either with a single slot or on the quarters. Turn a brass bushing and bore a hole in it in a single chucking operation. The hole should be a fairly good fit on the steel Split the brass bush- ing in four places, two slots being made from one end and two from the other. Run the cuts into drilled holes to allow more expansion in the bushing when the

taper pin is forced inward. Lapping may be performed by chucking part to be corrected in a speed-l ‘he and holding the lap by hand, or vice versa.

Handy Shop Floor Truck | AND trucks of the conventional type

Be a JUNIOR AVIATOR! Build and Fly Your Own 8-it. MODEL AEROPLANES and have the finest sport in the world.

This is the JN4 D-2 Training Plane; built with an Ideal ns utht IDEAL Scale Drawings and BLUEBIRD Building - Flying Instructions % show you how to build accura! Racing Aeroplane the following famous ‘planes. (Pictured Below) weeny nt gene for —. one A graceful, swift, 22-inch S°=t Posty: pleads racer, guaranteed to fly, Corticn J . -2_ Trainin Will ‘rise to 100 ft. and face; Detavilland:’Round:

the- Fliye Nc -4 fly 300 ft. and more. Naval Seaplane: Bleriot Just the thing for real Nieuport o r Taube M Mono- ‘aul ni fun this summer. plane; or Cecil Peoli Racer. (Set of 7, $1.25 postpaid) Complete 48pp. Catalog of Models, Parts, Supplies,5c. FREE: Descriptive Cir- cular of all our Model _ Aeroplanes 3 Flying Toys, mailed f. upon request, {deal Aeroplane & Co. vm ile Spring St, Ran hs Com- plete outfit, ready to fly; including wind- er, postpaid for $1. 75

used in many machine shops are sometimes more of a nuisance than a utility. Much of the light trucking about the shop can be done with a smaller truck that can be tucked away conven- iently in a corner or other out-of-the-way place when not in use. The truck illustrated is inexpensive and easily made, yet is strong enough to stand rough usage and carry loads up to

This sturdy little truck for shop use is made of a single piece of hard wood mounted on two wheels, which are made of cast-iron

a Saver to aeiiens a ae Quickly

200 pounds. It is quick and easily handled and takes up little room when not in use. The body is made of maple in one piece. The axle is a piece of 1 by 2 in. iron with journals for the wheels turned on the ends. It is attached to the body with carriage bolts, and nuts and lock washers on the under side. Cast-iron wheels about 4 in. in diam- eter are fastened to the journals with washers and cotter pins. The lip is made of 1% by 2 in. iron twisted and bent as shown and attached to the body with lagscrews

Special Cutter Severs Light Tubing without Distortion HEEL type cutters, although very useful on standard pipe, are apt to be unsatisfactory on thin brass or steel tubing, as the tube tends to collapse under the pressure. One shop having much light tubing to cut made the device illustrated, which severs the tube with a thin parting tool. The body of the holder is of rectangular

RECTANGULAR HOLDER N jee The thin brass or steel tubing is cut quickly and smoothly with a parting tool set in a special holder held in position with locknut steel, with a threaded hole at each end, one for the tool and the other for the handle. A centering block is guided within the body and serves to force the tube against the tool. The tool itself is formed on the end of a tool-steel screw so that it

may be removed for sharpening. It is | held in the desired position by means of | a locknut.—G. A. Lurrs. |

Universal Vise Used in Dressing an Angular Grinding Wheel HEN a form tool or a gage is to be ground at an angle, it is a sim- ple matter to dress a grinding wheel to the required angle by using a diamond set in the loose jaw of a — s unl- versal vise. Either the vernier adjustment on the vise or a sine bar can be used to set the vise, which should be directly under center of wheel.—C. k. Say WHEEL 0 BE >»

Orpinary difficulties encountered in machining aluminum may be overcome by having a keen cutting edge on the cutters and using kerosene as a coolant. Lathe tools and milling cutters require a steeper angle of clearance for aluminum.

IS} This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

June, 1926 ——— A Mi the cen lery. fle in the parque inlaid — tired ¢ has be Nevile open i lacelik ing int Her light. stand of mo | mornil tal sp chapel N |} oir. that 1 a Lou wheel frame Domi dinin; In just » table. of ol same scape for t hang In see ¢ inch tinie penc Be of tk its v This leat! a ql in il T Tn | bed ma wit inle

but bat ma Th wh laa Fa Pr to Oo’ FE: ce rr fo

Page 113

June, 1926 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 109 A Masterpiece of Tinycraft (Continued from page 35) the center archway of the minstrels’ gal- lery. flanked by Chinese vases of blue, all in the most exquisite miniature. The parquet floor contains 2,000 tiny pieces inlaid with marvelous patience by a re- tired colonel, living in Switzerland, who has been delighted to contribute to Sir Nevile’s unique palace. Tall bronze doors open into the courtyard, while a screen of lacelike jade conceals another door lead- ing into the chapel. Here is a room of almost breathless de- light. On the pure white marble floor stand bronze Biblical groups. A ceiling of mosaic, archangels, attended by the’ morning stars, standing poised on a crys- tal sphere, looks down on this beautiful chapel. SECRET panel at one side of the chapel admits to the Queen’s boud- oir. In this room is a tiny grand piano that is worth a story in itself. There are a Louis XV bureau and an ivory spinning wheel. Tiny cameos in_ tortoise-shell frames decorate the walls. A door of dark Domingo mahogany leads to the state dining room. In this room is a walnut dining table just two inches high, with two serving tables of the same height. Dainty dishes of old Bristol ware rest on doilies of gos- samerlike lace from Jerusalem. Land- scapes painted in Holland 300 years ago for the doll’s house of a royal nursery | hang on the gray walls. | In the morning room just beyond, you see a bureau in red lacquer only four inches high, perfect in every detail, its tiniest drawer dovetailed and lined with pencil cedar. Beyond the morning room is the hall of the guilds from which we started, with its visitor’s book lying beside the cannon. This volume, bound in exquisitely tooled Add Charm BeavtiFut as this trellis is, it is surprisingly easy to build and well within the ability of any man handy with woodworking tools. And the construction is sturdy enough to insure the trel- lis lasting for years. Ornamental _ trellis-work ws, >) like the one illustrated, to- 1 MV = eae This Ornamental Trellis Work Will to Your House or Garden gether with other designs for trel- trellis-work, are available in the HomeWorkshop Blueprint No.34. Architects often use well de- signed and carefully placed trel- lises to give an added attraction to poorly proportioned houses. Full working details and build- ing material for trellises such as pictured in this advertisement are contained in Blueprint No. 34 which will be sent you by return mail on receipt of 25c. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 250 Fourth Avenue New York, = oe MAIL TODAY | ge tie. | lam enclosing 25c for which please -- send me Blueprint No. 9 of the ~~ Arbor, Gate and Swing. -- Street leather, has pages less than an inch and a quarter square. One of the signatures in it is that of Mary, Queen of England. HE grand staircases in the hall of the guilds take us to the upstairs rooms. In the Fairy Queen’s bedroom, the state bed will catch your eye at once. It is a marvelous canopied couch ten inches high, with five golden pillars, and with an ivory inlay in its golden lacquer. Next to the bedroom is the bathroom, but there are no taps and drains in the bathtub. Sir Nevile explains that the marble bath is filled with dewdrops. The nursery is also on the second floor. This is the home of little Prince Crystal, whose toys from China, Bavaria, Switzer- land and England litter the floor. The apartments of Oberon, King of the Fairies, are the last on this floor. His ‘cello, his chessmen and his Pekinese dog, Prince Ching, adorn the study. He has, too, a museum which is already full to overflowing with treasures from the Far East and from Italy. It includes, inci- dentally, what is probably the finest collection of miniature Bristol glass to be found anywhere in the world. These are only a few of the remarkable Don’t le independent Be a and make big profits Slave with the BEISSER KEY MACHINE You can start a business of your own, no experience necessary. Only machine that will make first keys without taking lock apart. Makes a dozen duplicate keys per minute. Write Today for Full Par- items in the amazing equipment of this unique and beautiful palace as it begins its first world tour. “LIGHTING FIXTURES” Ready to hang. Direct from the manufacturer. Completely wired, including glassware. Send for New Catalogue No. 27 (Just reduced prices) Special proposition to Dealers ERIE FIXTURE SUPPZY CO. Des k A, Erie, Pa. ticulars, BEISSER KEY MACHINE CO. . | 409 Fort Street, East Detroit, Michigan |Newkino oF TROUBLE LAMP iO A WEEK EASY This new kind of auto trouble lamp with mag- netic base sticks to any iron or steel part of automobile at any angle—even upside down. Reaches any part of car. Leaves both hands free to work. Also powerful spotlight and camplight. Vitally needed for night driving and touring. Demonstrates in 30 to 60 seconds on any car. Does what other lamps costing $7.50 to $15.00 don’t even pretend to do. Sells easily and quickly because only $2.50. But your profit is $1.25. No , Merrill, Clark, Machemer and Dawes ee oe each keep standing orders for 800 MAKE Stick-a-lites a month. Others make $100 to $300 a week, FREE Test Stick-a-lite without cost. But hurry for big summer season. Send TEST $2.00 deposit for demonstrator. This will be . oo a - an oman returned in 30 days. If you wish, send no money— only postal ecard for details. But act. at once as this can mean $200 a week for you. And one evening will prove it. PREMIER ELECTRIC CO. 1800 Grace Street Dept. G-106 © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. MUSICONES because of their natural repro- duction of voice music and beauty ate replacing thou- sands of loud- speakers. ---- Write Dept. 17 for Booklet Prices slightly higher west of the Rockies THE CROSLEY RADIO CORP. Cincinnati, Ohio Chicago, Illinois . lruse STUBSE Crosley Radios s9?*1 $75

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110 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY June, 19% RAILROAD FARE TO CHICAGO Included Without Extra Cost If You Act RIGHT AWAY! Puts You In the Big-Pay Class Quickly! HUNDREDS OF COYNE-TRAINED : veil MENEARN : re Pe * alts : pagiemaon ‘Student Winding Stator at COYNE i COMPLETE ELECTRICAL TRAINING RAILROAD FARE TO In 12 Happy Weeks at COYNE My newly enlarged Electrical Course is the result of 27 years of expe- rience, solving the needs of young men and of the ElectricalField. COYNE Y has been teaching Elec- \ >4%3 tricity in a PRACTI- i. CAL way since 1899. a My course is thorough, — easy sd —. and fits we men for BIG Electrical * " ~ H. C. LEWIS es jobs, the HIGH-SAL- president, Coyne a. ARIED thrilling jobs. Electrical School icial light- ficial light We Teach Electricity and soe aks esla coil in 2 great shops of Nothing Else Coyne teaches only ONE ELECTRICITY. CHICAGO included wit h- out extra cost if you act AT ONCE. Get full particulars be- fore this amaz- ing offer is with- drawn. Students Constructin7 Outdoor Substation at COYNE You Don’t Need Advanced Education or Experience to Learn at COYNE Every COYNE student receives INDIVID- UAL and PERSONAL instruction, on COM- COYNE thing— it : a We are SPECIAL- devel a — ISTS. Our interests are not divided, INSTRUCTORS, in large switch- nor is Electricity a sideline or the COYNE Shops at merely an “additional” sub- toard atCoyne Chicago. ; Send for Big FREE Book! Send for a copy of my big, attractive klec- trical Book. It is 12x15 insize. Contains 151 photos of . electrical scenes, dynamos, radios autos.airplanes, ject with us. You Can Start Any Day of the Year at COYNE — No Classes or Seasons. Get the Coupon Mailed Right Away so that You May Read Full Particulars of My Course. Earn While You Learn at COYNE. My Employment Department will farm lighting and : My Bic FREE Book will pees, #e: Absolutely help you. eine, Tha Tune in on COYNE Radio Station WGES COYNE ELECTRICAL SCHOOL H. C. LEWIS, President Established 1899 SEND COUPON NOW H. C. LEWIS, President COYNE ELECTRICAL SCHOOL 1300-10 W. Harrison St. Dept. A-136, Chicago, Iinois Dear H. C.—Send one of those big, handsome FREE 2-color books, with 151 photographs. Be sure to tell me all about R.R. Fare Offer and Special Courses with- out extra cost. e e e a Prize Winners in the April Contest (Continued from page 4) The first prize of $50 this month goes to Donald Henkle, of Paris, New York, who tells a very human story of the suc- cess he won as a result of taking the com- plete course of the Michigan State Auto- mobile School. Mr. Henkle says: Contest Editor: An OPPORTUNITY, what is an oppor- tunity? What do most people do when they get one? Let it slip by and wait for a better one, that is a majority of people do. I always did until about two years ago I got tired of drifting and getting nowhere till (Continued on page 112) *100 in CASH PRIZES For the best letter of 150 words or less answering the question— ‘‘What advertisement in the ‘Money-Making Op- portunities’ Section inter- ests you most—and why?” we will pay on July 10th the following— CASH PRIZES First Prize $50.00 Second Prize 25.00 Third Prize 10.00 Fifteen Prizes of $1.00 Each 15.00 First read every advertisement in the Money-Making Oppor- tunities Section on pages 110 to 135. Pick out the one that in- terests you most and then write a letter—not exceeding 170 words —telling us why you find the advertisement you have selected the most interesting. Entries for the contest will close on June Ist. The prize winners and their letters will be published in the August issue of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, Address your letter to Contest Editor MONEY-MAKING OPPORTUNITIES POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 250 Fourth Ave., New York 1300-10 W. Harrison St. Dept. A-136 Chicago ag alla ah attainable Beas There is no Substitute for Personal Training, in Eee ee Great Shops, on COMPLETE Apparatus = june, 1926 0. C. MILLER Director Extensior Work amillio tional T double tific jok small p month, benefit: Write | No m until build: traini this \ j | hee

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OC. MILLER Director Extension will make this contract with you— AMERICAN SCHOOL =the Million Dollar Educational Institution, refund 4. or we'll every cent MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION Draftsmen V Wanted! $60 to $125 a week! —to prove you can learn at home in spare time! We have invented a new, simplified way to teach Drafting—the first real im- provement in Drafting home-instruction in history. We want you to see it, try it—without one penny of cost or obligation. We want to show you how we get away from the copying methods used in the past. See how we make you think, solve problems, do actual drafting room jobs from the first lesson! 70,000 fine jobs advertised last year. Get ready to give you: — illustrated. 3. We will help you get a good Drafting position at a substantia! increase in pay. O THE AMERICAN SCHOOL, amillion dollar No-Profit Educa- tional Institution, now offers mena double service—training for a spe- tific job, then finding the job. For one small price, on terms of only $5.00 a month, you are now assured of definite benefits, both in position and salary. Write for complete information—today! No machine ean be built until the Draftsman first builds it on paper. My training prepares you for this work. Never has the world seen anything like the building oom of today. This has Created enormous de- mand for real Draftsmen. FREE Job Service! The American School now offers its students and cient employment departmentkeep- ing in constant touch with em- ployers of Draits-9& men all over the fig U. S. We have placed hundreds of men in good, big-pay Drafting positions. We've §# made this train- 4% ing so complete, §g so practical, so ig easy to master, that ourstudents ceed the supply and because this training actually prepares men for good Drafting po- sitions, we back it with a Free Employ ment Service. ae : self. Wares you enroll for our home- : training in Drafting, we agree to . Complete Drafting training, by the new Practice-Method. 2. Professional Drafting Outfit, as quickly and easily. These standard quality, full size in- fill one. Get out of the rut. Make something of your- Plan your future in Drafting. Even if you have only common schooling, even if you know nothing of i Drafting, we guarantee to make you a real Drafts- man or to refund your money! Special surprise offer right now to the first 500 men who answer this ad reduced price, easy terms. Coupon brings com- plete information. Kleetricity needs Drafts- men who know Electrical principles as well as gen- eral Drafting practice. | give you this t re uinibg. cA new, rapid, simplified training Copying drafting lessons prepares you to be only a “tracer.” This new ‘“‘Job-Method” gives you actual drafting-room jobs in a new one-step-at-a-time way. With pictures which you can understand almost without reading the ‘“‘lessons.”’ And that is why the American School-trained Draftsmen can qualify for a good job at big pay when they graduate. WIN SUCCESS BIG-PAY Branches thru DRAFTING The big money in Drafting goes to as ; Fe Neate men who specialize in Machine Dratting Is easy, fascinating Design, or Electrical Drafting, or work. Short hours. Big pay. Architectural Drafting, or Struc- And the Draftsman is always tural, or Automotive. It is not enough in line for promotion to merely to know general Drafting prac- executive positions, This tice. You must know how to calculate and training 1s complete. It design and plan original work. You need includes high school sub- many Engineering subjects to fill the kind jects (if you need them) of a Drafting position that pays $60 to and all the Engineer- g)25 3 week. The American School sow ing and Mathemat- includes this specialized training in its ics Drafting experts Drafting courses 5 require. : Coupon Brings 3 Lessons FREE! Get them. Test your own abil- ity to learn Drafting and get ready for a fine job and big pay. Coupon also brings sur- pEISC offer, and complete employs Draftsmen who information about your op- specialize in Automotive portunities for success in oat — who ee ° 7," ) ‘Ss, Dlan engines, ete. Drafting. Mail it Today pt heated Lessons te” FREE! The demand for Draits men experienced in con- crete and structural steel work is enormous. Many big-pé pay positions ope n. ory very great Auto factors Costly Drafting Outfit Given! Fine, imported instruments like these help you learn Drafting oO. C. MILLER, Director Extension Work, AMERICAN SCHOOL, Dept. DA-75, Drexel Ave. & 58th St., Chicago Rush 3 Free Drafting Lessons, Job Service Guarantee offer, Complete information, Money back Guarantee, ete., to prove I can become areal draftsman at home in spare struments, board, table, triangles, T square, ink, pro- vime. tractor, etc., given to every student without extra cost. [ee ee ee 1) ue ae O. C. Miller, Director Extension Work Dept. DA-75 sicecasciie HOOL Drexel Ave. and jay ele AMERICAN SC 58th St. Chicago ONT 2 CR Ee CR OTEORTT Sidte a ree

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112 Its €asyto Make BIG MONEY« MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION Electricity Say Thousands of Cooke-Trained Men! $150 a Week for Tokarz “You taught me all I know of Electricity. I am making as high as $150 a week now,” writes Emile Tokarz, Detroit, Michigan, $26 a Day for Lehmann “From 83 a day. you boosted me to $26 a day in Auto Electri- city,”’ says Ed Lehmann, 526 18th St., Oakland, Calif. $500 a Month for Schreck Le “Answering your ad jumped me F \ from $18 a week to $500a month in Electricity,” Phoenix, Arizona. says Al Schreck, => w Lovet! $200 a Week for McNabb “Thanks to your training, IT cleaned up $700 in 24 days in Radio, ” 16th St., “Avante, Ga. 7W. writes F. G. McNabb, Let Me TrainYou at Home to Earn io®° 200 aWeek It’s a shame for you to earn $15 or $20 or $30 a week, when in the same six days as an Electrical Expert you could make $70 to $200—and do it easier—not work half so hard. Why then remain in the small-pay game, ina line of work that offers no chance, no big promotion, no big chance? Fit yourself for a real job in the great electrical industry. I'll show you hows Be an Electrical Expert Today even the ordinary Electrici ian is making money—big money. *‘boss”’ It’s easy. trical Expert—who is picke -d out to in line for one of these “Big Jobs.’ Age or Lack of Experience No Drawback You don’t have to be a College Man; you don’t have to be a High School Graduate. As Chief Engineer of the Chicago Engi- neering Works, I know exactly the kind of training you need and I will give you that training. My Course in Electricity is simple, thorough and complete and offers every man, regardless of age, educa- tion or previous experience, the chance to become, in a very short time, an “Electrical Expert” able to make from $70 to $200 a week. No Extra Charge for 5 Electrical Working Outfits With me, you do practical work—at home. You start right in after your first few lessons to work at your profession in the regular way and L. L. COOKE, Chief Engineer CHICAGO ENGINEERING WORKS Dept. 3A, 2150 Lawrence Ave., Chicago je secsceeecesecesesss TEAR OFF HERE eacsucccccccecccenen L. L. COOKE, Dept. 3A, plete details of your Home Name Address Occupation ee 2150 Lawrence Ave., Chicago But it’s make extra money in your spare time. For this you need tools, and I give them to you—5 big complete working outfits, with tools, measur- ing instruments and a real electric motor. Your Satisfaction Guaranteed So sure am I that you can learn Elec- tricity—so sure am I that after studying with me, you, too, can get into the “big money” class in Elect rical work, that I will guarantee under bond to re- turn every single penny paid me in tuition, if; when you have finished my Course, you are not satisfied it was the best investment you ever made. And back of mein my guarantee, stands the Chicago Engineering Works, Inc., @ two million dollar institution. Get Started Now—Mail Coupon I want to send you my Electrical Book of pictures and facts about the big money in Electricity. Make the start today for a bright future in Electricity. Send in Coupon—NOW,. Send me at once without obligation your big illustrated book and com- Study Course outfit and employment service offers. in Electricity, including your the Big Jobs—the jobs that pay $3,500 to $10,000 a Year. s the trained man—the Elec- Get Who is L. L. Cooke ? Thousands give him all the credit for pull- ing them out of the small pay rut. How does Cooke do it? What is his secret? Don't let another day pass without finding out what L.L. Cooke of- fers todo for you. Send coupon below for ” big book—it’s FREE ‘¢ The COOKE Trained Man is the BIG-PAY Man’”’ June, 19% Prize Winners in the April Contest (Continued from page 110) one day when looking over the ad section of a magazine I saw the Michigan State Automobile School ad, OWN A BUSINESS OF YOUR OWN, Become Somebody, Start Now, etc. I took a complete course and, NOW, I have a fine garage—good business and the | joy of feeling independent, not to have to run when the whistle blows, or labor under some cranky old boss from start to finish. And, people, this opportunity comes to us all, when it does, grab it,—do not let it slip by. What—you say you never had one—you are mistaken, just look in the MONEY MAK- ING OPPORTUNITIES in the Popvutar Scrence—pick the one you are best adapted to and make up your mind to WIN. Success is not a present; it comes only through hard work. Sincerely yours, Donatp HENKLE c. i. Nelson of Academy, South Dakota, wins the second prize of $25. Mr. Nelson tells how coupons sent to Theo. Audel & €o. and International Correspondence School brought a fortune of a quarter million dollars toafriend. . . Contest Editor: Years ago [ met a young man, a poor sheep herder on the prairies of Montana. He was ambitious to rise in the world and make something of himself. I suggested Audel’s and the I. C. S. as a certain means of getting the necessary knowledge and train- ing. Together we wrote and mailed the fortune-bringing letters. Years later we met again. His career seemed a romance of success. How he had read and studied as he worked, mastered the lessons. Then with his earnings and the acquired knowledge he had built a small house him- self and sold it. Then another, and another, and another, in Western and Coast towns. Later a whole development. He had married, lived .comfortably, and accumulated property worth upwards of $250,000. I regard this as about the most satisfactory piece of missionary work I have ever done. See what came from an advertisement! Sincerely yours, C. L. NELSon An unusual letter is the one below from the Rev. W. W. Wilkerson, Pastor of the Deming Baptist Church of Deming, New Mexico. Most men who take the course of National Salesmen’s Training Association take it to become salesmen. The Rev. Mr. Wilkerson enrolled for the N.S.T.A. training to learn the art of “swaying people with conviction” to in- crease his power as a minister. Conviction and eloquence are just as important in the pulpit as in the prospect's office. . . Dear Sir: To my mind the most vitally interesting advertisement that appears in your “ Money Making Opportunities” of the April issue of PopuLtar Scrence Montaty is found on page one hundred fifteen: National Sales- men’s Training Association of Chicago, Ill. It is no idle boast when they say they can lift one out of the slumbering dormant class and re-vitalize their every being with that mysterious power that is “‘born of words.” I am a minister today because this very Institution inspired me years ago to sway people with the conviction that is sure to (Continued on page 113) June, 1s ——— foll slut de- ent ins! ben the Tl day the : Reac | page | teres offer to a eeeeel

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92 .R “d r d d of l- T d ie d f — as VS June, 1926 Prize Winners in the April Contest (Continued from page 112) follow in the wake of a trained mind. The slumbering Giant of ignorance is sure to be de-hearted and dethroned when knowledge enters. For my part I consider this great institution’s ad one of America’s greatest benefactors simply because they are shaping the pulse beats of the business world. Yours very truly, W. W. WiLkKerRSON There are just as big opportunities to- day as there were when these men saw the signpost to suce Read the offerings of the advertisers on pages 110 to 135. Pick out those that in- ' terest vou most, write for details of their offer and decide which road you will use to achieve success. Complete List of PRIZE WINNERS in the April Contest FIRST PRIZE $50 Donald Henkle, Paris, N. Y. (Michigan State Automobile School) SECOND PRIZE $25 C. L. Nelson, Academy, S. C. (Theo. Audel & Co.) (International Correspondence Schools) THIRD PRIZE $10 Rev. W. W. Wilkerson, Deming, (National Salesmen’s Training Association ) PRIZE WINNERS who receive $1.00 each for their letters: Harold V. Stalter, Lima, Ohio (Victor J. Evans Co.) W. Spofforth, St. Paul, Minn. (International Correspondence Schools) Seaborn Jauer, Rosebud, Texas (National Salesmen’s Training Assn.) Charles T. Sharpe, Los Angeles, Calif. (American School of Chicago) Donald B. Templeton, New York, N. Y. (American School) (National Radio Institute) Otto Hansen, Los Angeles, Calif. (International Correspondence Schools) R. M. Prine, Kansas City, Mo. (Coyne Electrical School) Evert Myers, Parkersburg, W. Va. (U. S. School of Music) R. Melrose, St. John, N. B., Canada (American Photography) Maurice W. Hykes, Emporium, Pa. (International Correspondence Schools) C. R. Bangen, Crookston, Minn. (The Fate-Root-Heath Co.) J. E. Kordiac, Cleveland, Ohio (U. S. School of Music) Mary G. Wilson, Hollins, Ala. (Franklin Institute) W. J. Stromberg, Jersey City, N. J. (Stephenson Laboratory) R. W. Carr, Parkersburg, W. Va. (National Salesmen’s Training Assn.) MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION No Wonder 113 27,000,000 readers of Na- tional Magazines are waiting to buy this astonishing in- vention from YOU. It is never sold through stores. Start cashing in now—while the name ‘*KRISS-KROSS’”’ is on every tongue! When You Show Men fhis Amazing New Way to Shave! Marvelous New Invention Offers Almost Unbelievable Opportunity to Make Big Money! KRISS-KROSS Salesmen Everywhere Are Cleaning Up $30 to $70 a Day with Clocklike Regularity. Read Every Line of This Announcement Which Offers You the Biggest Money of Your Life! DON’T care who you are—you never had a chance to make money like this before. The KRISS-KROSS idea has swept the country like wildfire. Even professional men (doctors, lawyers, ete.) have left their regular work to get their share of the tremendous profits being reaped by demonstrators of this revolu- tionary shaving invention. Unless you are making over $300 a month, you’re simply that you offer FREE to every man you meet. Just think what a wonderful opening that gives you! This unusual razor is really 3 razors in one! It is instantly adjustable—straight, T-shape, or diagonal. Exclusive feature cuts beard resistance 45% and gives the smoothest shaves you can imagine. As an attention-getter and sales-maker, this FREE razor has never had an equal in the history of selling! cheating yourself if you pass up this opportunity to put away $350 to $800 cash profit every 30 days! And reason in the remember Read What These Men Say: that there’s no world why make as much, or more, with KRISS- FREE $5,000 Sales Manual Shows Ex- actly How to Sell you can’t What Is It? eae And now, in addition to P $66 a Day advertising in all the big § oan 7¢ a “Gave KRISS-KROSS my _ whole 90971 c 1 an ing KRISS KROSS, the day—8 hours. Got 33 names on the ee we are gene magic self-seller—is a sup-, | dotted line and made $66 profit. Sold | Still farther to help you 5 while waiting at er-stropper or blade-re- | jy. “a"R. Kine, juvenator. It is showing millions of men an amazing ise goiah 8 new way to shave without net profit minutes— ° ° lar a minute.’’—R., buying new blades. Unlike anything ever placed on the market before. This | month while astonishing invention pro- | #5 Ove longs the life of any make | Kellogg, Kansas. blade for weeks, months, and even years! Its me- chanical ingenuity is little | foc’ short of marvelous. It You see ——N, FT, Mass. $10 in 10 minutes 5 KRIsSS-KROSS in 10 $200 a Week “T sold 102 orders in 7 days this working at my Over $200 in spare time speaks KRISS-KROSS.”"—J. CC $46 a Day “T made $46 today giving a FREE Woodward, S. Carolina. gas station to get | make big money with KRISS-KROSS. At an ex- pense of $5,000, we have prepared a brand-new sales manual—the equal of a $150 course in salesman- ship. This surprising little book tells you exactly how to sell KRISS-KROSS— what to do and say; how to ap- proach a customer; how to gain his attention; how to answer every conceiv: able question he can ask; and how to get the money in your pocket. This $5,000 hand- was $10—or a dol- P. Fishel, Texas. regular how a Free offer strops with a diagonal stroke, just like a master barber, but with an unvarying accuracy no human being van ever attain. LEKight “lucky leather grooves” do the trick in 11 seconds and leave your blade with the keenest edge that steel can take! KRISS-KROSS also strops from heavy to light, finishing up with those easy, deli- sate strokes that are the secret of 100% sharpness. Give Men a Mystery Gift Razor Free! Our unique selling plan makes every- thing easy as ABC for you. That’s why IKKRISS-KROSS men make such startling profits so easily. One of the greatest helps we give you is a brand new kind of razor R““KRISS KROSS STROPPER book with all its selling secrets could easily sell for $2. We give it to you FREE! Get Started at Once Right now is the time to begin reaping big profits with KRISS-KROSS. Thousands of dollars are being spent to pave the way for you through advertising. Territories are going fast. Find out all about this sensational, mone y-making business without delay. See how simple it is to make $100-$225 a week with » KRISS-KROSS—the most unique self-seller of all time. This proposition calls for quick action! Clip the coupon immediately. No obligation. Mail it tonight! RHODES MFG. CO. Dept. G-240, 1418 Pendleton Ave. , St. Louis - - - - - = = Missouri pB ees esses ses ese ese see Rhodes Mfg. Co., Dept. G-240, § 1418 Pendleton Ave., St. Louis, Mo. | Please send me full details of your nationally ad- vertised K®ISS-KROSS stropper—and explain your unusual sales plan. Also tell me now I[ can make big money, giving away KRISS-KROSS razors FREE. RMN 5 ras 6b aete cislisie tel erarery Sih Mimalees WAL ate Minnie te INAGRORR 0.6 0:9 C3 eee sine: s 4 ORO ci i es Gb el Gb a GO CEC Om WO Sm Gee Wn Sa GL

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114 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION June, 1926

Opportunities: Lor Readers im Quick Action . Advertising

ADDING MACHINES FREE trial, marvelous new adding machine. subtracts, multiplies, divides automatically. Work equals $350.00 machine. Price only $15.00. Speedy, durable, handsome. Five-year guarantee. Used y largest corporations. Write today for catalog and free trial offer. Lightning Calculator Co., Dept. O, Grand Rapids, Michigan. ADVERTISING SERVICES ADVERTISE in 24 metropolitan dailies, $15.00. Helpful Guide listing 1000 publications, 4¢ stamps. Wade Company, Baltimore Bldg., Chicago. 24 WORD ad 355 rural weeklies, $14.20, Ad-Meyer, 4112P Hartford, St. Louis. ADVERTISING in all magazines and newspapers at publisher's lowest rates. Rg Book free. Taylor's Ad- vertising Service, Dept. 5, Freeport, Ill. ADVERTISE—C peer papers. All publications. Lowest rates. Catalog free. Owl Agency, Times Build- ing. New York. ADVERTISE in 24 big Sunday Newspapers. 24 words $15.00. 300 Rural Newspapers 28 words $10.00. 100 Big weekly newspapers 24 words .$5.00. Service 100%. Consultation Free. National Advertising Service, Richmond Hill, New York. AUTHORS AND MANUSCRIPTS PHOTOPLAY—Story Ideas wanted. $25-$500_ paid. Experience unnecessary; outline Free to anyone. Write Producers League, 312, St. Louis. SONG Poems wanted. Radio Publicity Bureau, 24 Times Square Station, New York. 1 WANT song poems. Casper Nathan, J Racine, Chicago.

Adds,

24 words,

-3544 No. Rates 30 Cents a Word. A 10% discount is allowed on all contracts for six consecutive insertions. Advertisements intended for the Aug., 1926 issue should be received by June 5th

BOATS AND LAUNCHES BUILD your own boat:—Newly designed Speedy V-Bottom Out-Board motor, Runabouts, Cabin Cruisers, ete., 55 models KNOCK- DOWN or patterns. Send 25¢ for catalog. Brooks Boat Co., Inc., Salt Street, Saginaw West Side, Mich.

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES GET dollars by mail. My free circular tells how. Erie Johnson, Private Box 253, Chesterton, Ind. OLD autos look like new. Two fellows have invented new auto finish, applied without brush in 15 minutes, gets hard as glass in two hours. No rubbing, no paint: ing. Just beautiful finish. Price $2 for any car. Money refunded if not pleased. Send today and have your car like new. Live wire men with small capital can make big money handling this. Wonderful opportunity. Reserved territory. B. B. Specialties, 331 KK Walnut, Phil- adelphia.

CONVERT your Ford Motor into dependable marine power plant. Conversion outfit including propeller $75; ho av speed adapter $12.50; watercooled mani- fold $25. All parts for converting powerful airplane motors into marine motors; also converted and uncon- verted motors. Logan Aviation, 716 W. Superior, Cleveland. : WANTED—Representatives in every factory in the United States. Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York.

BLUE PRINTS TO the man who has a Home Workshop and likes to work with tools, Popular Science Monthly offers the opportunity to purchase blueprints giving details of the construction of useful articles for the home. The follow- ing are a few of the blueprints available: No. 1, Sewing Table, No. 5, Kitchen Cabinet, No. 13, Tea W agon, No. 15, Workshop Bench, No. 17, Cedar and Mahogany Chest, No. 41, One Tube Radio Set, No. 42, Radio Receiver with three Stages of amplification, No. 43, Four Tube Radio Receiver. Send 25c for each blueprint that you wish to — Science Monthly, 242 Fourth Avenue, New York,

$$$ FOR IDEAS. Photoplay te? considered in any form. Write today for free booklet. Universal Scenario Company, 214 Security Bldg., Banta Monica & Western Ave., Hollywood, Calif. WRITE song poems ?—Write D3, Gillespie, Box 801, Cincinnati, Ohio. SONG Poem Writers—Write — Hibbeler, D10, 2104 N. Keystone Ave., Chicago. AUTOMOBILES AND ACCESSORIES CARBON-X will keep your engine “‘peppy”’ by keeping it free from carbon. Handy package and “Why Is Carbon?” postpaid for dollar bill. Money back if you want it. Carbon-X, Box 1953, Chicago. BEAUTIFUL ornaments motor car mascots. for catalogue. seattle, Wash. ~ DELIVERY bodies for Ford Model T. Chassis with inclosed cab, suitable for Contractors, Grocerymen and Fareers. Three styles. Price $42.60. Write Daniel Zimmerman, Craigville, Indiana. “SEND 25 cts. for a Headlight Telltale, attaches securely to lens, no drilling. Handy Dental Specialty oe Somerville, Mass. CARBONKILLER puts pep in your motor, by freeing it from carbon, there is no doubt about the merits of Carbonkiller, hundreds of motorists have testified to pac results, obtained from its use. An oily fluid to be added to gasoline. Will positively remove all car- bon, after 25 miles, and over of driving. Increases mile- age from 1 to 6 miles per gallon of gasoline. Absolutely guaranteed to remove carbon as represented, or money refunded. Sent Prepaid for $1.00. Hudson Service, 204 West Biaine Street, McAdoo, Pennsylvania. AVIATION AIRPLANES, Motors, aircraft supplies; 80 H.P. LeRhone adel motor $125; 100 H.P. Gnome Rotary motor $100; 130 H.P. Clerget Rotary Motor $200; ~ awrence 28 H.P. motor $100; 2 ‘urtiss 200 H.P. $300; tan leather helmets $3.75 and $5. Wide-vision goggle $1.75. Nonshatterable goggle: —Oval $3.25, wide- vision $4.50; motometer with 12 ft. tubing $7.50; leather breeches $12; airplane cloth 65¢ yd.; dope $2.50 gal.; compass $10: Aerial camera $100. Logan Aviation, 716 W. Superior, Cleveland. LEARN Aviation; Send 25c for large illustrated booklet which tells how. Varney Aircraft Co., 2S Ill. THE American School of Aviation announces a new correspondence course in mechanics of aviation. A thorough training in practical aeronautics. American School of Aviation, Dept. 6741, 3601 Michigan Ave., Chicago, Illinois. BOYS get a three foot model aeroplane free. Aero Shop, 3050 Hurlbut Ave., Detroit, Mich.

Write

Write to United Auto Supply, 1922 Westlake, BOOKS AND PERIODICALS BOOKS, Secrets, Novelties, Thrillers, Magic and other things. logues.

Wonders, Mysteries, Send for free cata- Wineholt Sales C 0., Woodbine, Pa. Box 38. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES BUSINESS Guide with free legal service sells every- where. Wells cleared $1,185 in 35 days. Write for free outfit. Nichols Co., Naperville, Ill., Dept. 1B.

BIG money working spare time. ] Operating ‘‘Master- Business-Plan."* Raymond Schenck, Butler, Pa BUSINESS SERVICES

June, I‘ enemcemoasen coma INVE? mechanic how to ¢ Explains sharks. E. Diet ri UNPA and help righted). Washingt INVE? patented. Louis, M PATE! advice. I SELL | for my t Bangor, !

Inventor: INVE! determin preparing am in a municati Bldg., W

CHARTERS—Delaware; best, che apest: granted day 6 glee Ee free forms. Colonial Charter C 0., W ilmington, ye (9¢ MAKE 'Em Pay—My system will make them pay their bills. Write. for the acid test. Literature free. Burleigh L. Horr, Horr Omelia Block, Rhinelander, Wis. BUSINESS Problems’ Solved—all kinds—buying, —-. financial, increasing business, advertising, get- ting men, getting positions, special formulas, processes ete. Long business experience, thorough research, com- plete files of information. Complete solution of problem $5,-particulars free. Satisfaction guaranteed. All con- fidential. National Information Bureau, 316J Shepard Building, Grand Rapids, Michigan.

CHALK TALKS LAUGH producing program, $1.00. Cartoonist Balda, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. DISTRICT MANAGERS AND REPRESENTATIVES WANTED

Catalog tree.

WORLD'S fastest selling auto accessory. County distributors wanted: write to-day. G. . Spring Oiler Co., San Diego, California. DOGS BEAUTIFUL registered bull pups cheap. Bulldogs. 501 Rockwood, Dallas, Texas.

USED correspondence school courses. All kinds. Sold on re-purchase basis. Big saving. Money back guarantee. Lists free. (Courses bought.) Lee Mountain, Pisgah, Alabama. LEARN the collection business. Good income; quick results. Interesting booklet, “Skillful Collecting,” free. National Collector’s Association, Science Building, New- ark, Ohio. BECOME a Foot Correctionist. A New Profession not medical nor chiropody. All the trade you can attend to; many are making $3000 to $10,000 yearly, easy terms for training by mail, no further capital needed or goods to buy, no agency or soliciting. Address Stephenson Labora- tory, 10 Back Bay, Bostoh, Mass. STOP plodding! Be successful. Operate a tire repair shop. Make big profits in any locality. We teach you and furnish complete equipments, $100 up. Book of Oppor- tunity free. Haywood's, 1306 South Oakley Avenue, Chicago SUCCEED With Your Own Products—Make them yourself. Formulas,. Processes, Trade-Secrets. Modern master methods. Catalog free. C. Thaxly Co., Wash- ington, D.C. RESPONSIBLE manufacturer wants competent men to manage office and salesmen. $300 to $1500 necessary; will allow expenses to Trenton if = qualify. Address Manager, 536 Forst Richey Bldg., Trenton, N. J WANT more money? Start little Mail Order Busi- ness. Samples and Plan Free. Stamp please, Suydamp, 10748—112th Street, Richmond Hill, New York. PATENTS procured; Trade Marks Registered—A comprehensive, experienced, prompt service for the pro- tection and development of your ideas. Preliminary advice gladly furnished without charge. Booklet of in- formation and form for disclosing idea free on request. Richard B. Owen, 44 Owen Bldg., Washington, D. C., or 41-Z Park Row, New York. FREE Book. Start little mail order business. Pier, 976 Cortland Street, N. Y. WANTED—Representatives in every factory in the United States. Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York. SIGNS and Showeards easily painted with Letter Patterns. Large variety of styles and sizes. Sample for stamp. John Rahn, D 2120 North Neva Ave., Chicago.

AEROPLANE Motors $3,000.00; complete 165 Horse- power Gnome 9-cylinder engine, weight 292 pounds, air zooled. Immediate delivery $25.00: cash with order F.0.B. Dayton. 1,100 engines purchased from Air Service. Complete planes 3500 up. Time payments. Nieuport model. 28 wings complete, $6.00; good con- dition—bargain for plane builders. Motors ideal for ice sleds, snow sleds, motor boats, wind wagons. Write for booklet. Marvin A. Northrop, 200 Builders E xchange, Minneapolis, Minn. MOTORS: Curtiss OXX-6 Class A (under Fifty Hours) for Plane, Sea-Sled, Motor boat, etc., $225.00. All Motor and Plane Spares at Best Prices. Send for Catalogue. Monumental Aircraft Co., 339 N. St. Paul ‘Terrace, Baltimore, Md. AVIATION Turnbuckles. For trueing up sagging gates and doors and many other uses. Large size, 30 cents. Medium, 25 cents. Small, 20 cents. 3 samples, 65 cents prepaid. Johnson Airplane and Supply Co., Dayton, Ohio. PROPELLERS for Aeroplanes, Windwagons, snow and ice sleds, wing ribs, correct sizes and tests to build from, dimensions, small aeroplanes. C “eek ap Aeroplane Manufactory, 2225 American, Long Beach, California.

MAIL Order Booklet, 2c. Where to buy goods. Harvey Teeple, Decatur, Indiana. MIRRORS re-silvered at_ home. Costs less, 5 cents per square foot; you charge 75 cents. Immense profits, plating like new, brassy worn-off auto parts, reflectors, tableware, stoves, ete. Outfits furnished. Details Free. Sprinkle, Plater, 94, Marion, Indiana. MAKE $80 weekly; free details show how. Box 615, Philadelphia, Pa. EARN Big Money with Merrygoround, Ferris Wheels, Novelty Riding Devices, Everywhere. ‘‘MooreMaid,” LaPeer, Mich. LEARN privilege $150 sufficient. vay, New York.

Winner,

trading—worthy—remunerative, Write Dept. R, Paul Kaye, 149 Broad-

EDUCATION AND INSTRUCTION USED correspondence school courses save over half. Bargain catalogue 1000 courses free. Used courses bought. Students’ Exchange, Dept. A, 47 West 42d Street, New York. “DOUBLE entry bookkeeping mastered in 60 hours with 8 keys; guaranteed; diploma.”’ International Book- keeping Institute, Desk 10, Springfield, Mo. BOOKKEFPING in a week, $2 complete. West 153d Street, New York. FOR “Free Scholarship” (Mail Course) write Carnegie College, Rogers, Ohio. CORRESPONDENCE Courses sold complete: 1-3 usual prices because slightly used; easy terms; money back guarantee. All schools and subjects. Write for special Free catalog. Courses bought for cash. Kconomy Educator Service, 202-N. West 49th St., New York. CARTOONING and Commercial Art, 25 lessons, 300 Illustrations, 2 clothbound volumes and drawing outfit $5 postpaid. Catalog Free. Nu-Way Art School, 220 Graham Ave., Brooklyn, N AMBITIOUS men, learn auto radiator repairing. Every detail taught. Individual instructions, by suc- cessful. ee Bixlers Radiator Institute, Frank- fort, STU = Patent Law,

Dukes, 640

Patent Solicitation. Full 301 Hennepin Ave., information. Minneapolis, Minn

FINANCING AND INVESTMENTS

FOREIGN Bonds, stocks, drafts and currencies. All nations. Frank G. Everett Co., 35 Wall St., New York. FORMULAS

SELL battery charging solution. Frank A. Williams, Mayfield, Calif. FIVE A-1 Concrete Formula Guaranteed. Nationally used, covering waterproof, coloring concrete forms, sidewalks, foundations. Price $1.00 each or five for $3.00. Manning Cement, 309 Fifth Ave., Dept. A, New York. SPECIAL Formulas for Manufacturing and Business purposes. Any one you want $5. You must be satistied or your money will be refunded promptly. National Information Bureau, 316H Shepard Building, Grand Rapids, Michigan. MILLER. ‘Formula King.”’ 526 Main, Norfolk, Vir- ginia, supplies any formula. MANUFACTURE Vitamin Foods. Big profits. For- mula one dollar. F. White, Longfellow, Texas, ARE you old at forty ?_ See our advertisement on page 133 of this issue. The Electro Thermal Company, 4058 Main Street, Steubenville, Ohio. HERB Doctor Book—10 Cents. 250 Receipts for making herb medicine. Honserd Company, Box 1, Vanderveer Branch, Brooklyn, N. FORMULAS—ALL KINDS. ¢ aRIoE Free. Laboratories, Park Ridge, Illinois. Formula $1.00.

Clover

A BUSINESS of your own pays best. Men and women are finding rich fields everywhere operating Ragsdale’s original ‘““New System Specialty Candy Factories.” Wholesale or retail, all or spare time. Under new plan we furnish everything and teach you fully. Few dollars establishes permanent, big paying business. Valuable Commercial Candy Book i. i . W. Hillyer Ragsdale, Drawer 19, East Orange, N.

BOATS ANIs LAUNCHES SPEEDY boat, Ford propelled, easily built, blueprint and directions; sixty cents. Marine cooler booklet free to Ford boat owners. CC. C. Hubbell, 4D East Ave., Norwaik, Conn.

NEAT, refined, very me business. No can- vassing. Capital required $20. Full particulars. Fenway Laboratories, Box 1937, Boston, Mass. SUCCEED—Our twenty scientific processes put you wise. Excellent. 50¢. No stamps. Holland, Box B-473, Astoria, Oregon.

FOR BOYS

BOYS, Look. Movie Machines for the family sell as low as $7.50. We carry Western and Comedy Films only. Write now for free catalogue jon oe and films. Globe Supply Co., P. O. Box 2722, Dept. S, Boston, Mass. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today ir a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells “How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.”” You'd like to know, wouldn't you? Address your inquiry to: Manager, ¢ ‘Jas- sified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York.

<n DETE unnecess ment De

ARE y 133 of th Main St plan, $2. Particuls Michigal —— a FOR | Nov. 30,

FOR § sale and money. Ill. —— LL ee HOT matic. GRA! ease, in: friends. Write fe MR. “Quick- some re: and vah Popular wouldn’ Science —— —— SILV immens Excelsic MEN quick f Kretan MR. | Brush ! territor in Wire other B for our poratio STE. Experie envelop Box 33¢ ONL Permat pays $ Delay

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S os ce! a or OF ee , eae Oh June, 1926 FOR INVENTORS INVENTOR’'S Universal Educator—contains 900 mechanical movements; 50 perpetual motions. Tells how to obtain and sell patents. Suggests new ideas. Explains how to select your attorney and avoid patent sharks. Price (revised edition), $1.50 postpaid. Albert E. Dietrich, 681 Ouray Bldg., Washington, D. C. UNPATENTED Ideas Can be Sold. I tell you how and help you make the sale. Free particulars (Copy- righted). Write W. T. Greene, 805 Jenifer Building, Washington, D. C. INVENTIONS Commercialized. Patented or un- patented. Write Adam Fisher Mfg. Co., 183 Lnright, St. Louis, Mo. PATENTS: My fee in instalments. Free personal advice. Frank T. Fuller, Washington, D.C. ™ SELL your patented or unpatented invention. Write for my three plans. Free. Hartley, 44 Central St., Bangor, Maine INV ENTORS: Get this pamphlet—‘What to In- vent’. No theory or guess work, but things actually asked for by manufacturers. Sent prepaid for only $1.00. Inventors’ Syndicate, 23 Paladium Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. INVENTORS—Preliminary investigations only to determine if your inventions are patentable. Neither preparing nor prosecuting applications for patents, I am in a position to give you honest opinions. Com- munications secret. R. Emmitt Patterson, Barrister Bldg.. Washington, D. C. FOR MEN AND WOMEN DETECTIVES —Work home or travel. Experience unnecessary. Write, George Wagner, former Govern- ment Detective, 1968P Broadway, N. Y. ARE you old at forty? See our advertisement on page 133 of this issue. The Electro Thermal Company, 4058 Main Street, Steubenville, Ohio. SUPREME Shaving Cream; amazing results, trial tube, 8¢, standard tube, 35¢. L. A. Thurn, 440 Second &t., Fremont, Ohio. CORRECT That Undesirable Habit! Guaranteed plan, $2.00. Specify habit. Satisfaction or money back. Particulars free. New Idea Service System, 6 North Michigan Av., Chicago, Illinois. FOR SALE FOR sale—One new ‘Laylor Stormoguide purchased Nov. 30, 1925, price $20. Dale Snavely, Hartun, Colorado. FOR Sale. Small Automobile School located in Cicero. Average $7,000.00 a year gross. One man can handle. Write F. J. Broz, 5500 W. 25th St., Cicero, Ill. PROMITORY covering quarter section in eastern California. May be developed to promote aviation. F. Rivers, 421 Center St.. Chicago, Il. FOR SALE: Battery Manufacturing Business. Ww nole- sale and Retail. For quick sale $2,500.00. Owner needs a. Address F. J. Broz, 5500 West 25th St., Cicero, Ill. FOR THE HOME HOT WATER ON TAP, $6. Make your own Auto- matic. Write John Kirkeby, San Luis Obispo, Calif. GRANDFATHER clock works $5.00. Build your own ease, instructions free; make good profits selling your friends. Clock works with chimes for old or new cases. Write for full particulars. Clock Co., Nicetown, Penn. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.’’ It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells “‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.”” You'd like to know wouldn't you? Manager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York. HELP WANTED SILVERING Mirrors, French plate. Easily learned; immense profits. Plans free. Wear Mirror Works, 31 Excelsior Springs, Mo. MEN—Start with a starting concern. No get-rich- quick promises—As You Work So Shall You Earn. Kretan Korporation, 9629 Conant Ave., Detroit, Mich. MR. BRUSH SALESMEN—Old established New York Brush Manufacturers require the services of men in all territories to sell their extensive line of Sanitary Twisted in Wire Brushes. We pay larger commission than any other Brush House in the country. Write immediately for our proposition. Wire Grip Sanitary Brush Cor- poration, 15 Mercer Street, New York. STEAMSHIP positions—Europe, Orient. Good pay. Experience unnecessary. _Send stamped addressed envelope for list. Box 122-F, Mount Vernon, N. Y., or Box 336-F, Santa Monica. California. ONLY one policy a day means $130 per month profit. Permanent income from renewals. Our Special Policy pays $5000 death, and $25 weekly benefit for stated injury or sickness. Premium $10 yearly. Big demand. Easy to sell with our Direct-by-Mail plan. Write quick for territory. Underwriters, 701 Bonnell Bldg., Newark, a. HELP WANTED INSTRUCTION DETECTIVES Earn Big Money. Excellent oppor- tunity. Travel. Fascinating work. Experience un- necessary. Write George Wagner, former Government Detective, 19658P, Broadway, N. Y. MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION wustket ers and perhaps you, like other am- bitious men, due to the lack of money, time and education necessary to master difficult mechanical trades, wonder what you can get into quickly and make the most out of, now! Haven’t you overlooked the very thing you are looking for? For there 115 is a profession begging for clean-cut, earnest men, like yourself! Look into it. 60,000 Moler graduates know Modern Barbering is easy to learn, inexpensive, guicker to earn, clean and FASCINATING! It pays better than you think! FIND OUT! Write for booklet C6. Address the branch of the MOLER SYSTEM OF COLLEGES nearest you (Street address not needed) Chicago, IIl. New York, N. Y. St. Louis, Mo. Kansas City, Mo. Cincinnati, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Fargo, N. D. Detroit, Mich. Denver, Colo. New Orleans, La. Omaha, Nebr. Milwaukee, Wis. QUALIFY for $150-$300 railroad jobs. — Fireman, Brakeman, Baggageman, Sleeping Car or Train Porter. 838 Railway Bureau, East St. Louis, TI. MEN wanting forest ranger, railway mail clerk and other government positions, write for free particulars of examinations. Mokane, Dept. B-30, Denver, Colo. BE a detective. Earn big money, no experience necessary. Write for list cash rewards for information. C. I. Ludwig, 424 Westover Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. MEN 18-35. Become Railway Postal Clerks. Steady. Commence $1990 year. Common education sufficient. Specimen coaching free. Write immediately. Franklin Institute, Deot. S33, Rochester, N. Y. HOW TO ENTERTAIN PLAYS, musical comedies and revues, minstrel music, blackface skits, vaudeville acts, monologs, dialogs, recitations, entertainments, musical readings, stage hand- books, make-up goods. Big catalog free. T.S. Denison «& Co., 623 So. Wabash. Dent. 26, Chicago. INCORPORATIONS ner DELAWARE Incorporator, Charters: Fees Small; forms. Chas. G. Guyer, 901 Orange St., Wilmington, Delaware. Engineering Architecture Electricity Drafting Intensely practical training. 2 year Diploma; 3 year B.S. Degree. Special short 4 months’ course in Drafting. Enter any time. Courses adapted to YOUR needs. No time wasted. Expert instructors. Graduates are in constant demand. Opportunities for self-support while studying. Athletics. Low tuition—easy terms. 23rd year. Write for copy of 72-page “‘Blue Book,” mailed free. Chicago Technical College Dept. G-51, 118 East 26th St., Chicago C Day and Evening Classes Earn While Learning Atlanta, Ga. Memphis, Tenn. Dallas, Tex. Houston, Tex. San Antonio, Tex. Minneapolis, Minn. Seattle, Wash. San Francisco. Calif, Winnipeg, Man., Can. Toronto, Ont., Can. éMusic: essons WITH AN ACCREDITED SCHOOL | A Complete Conservatory Course B M il Wonderful home study music lessons under Vv a great American and European teacherss Endorsed by Paderewski. Master teachers guide and coach you. Lessons a marvel of simplicity and completeness. Write telling us course you ars ny Instrument jierested:e Piano, Harmony, oice, Public School Music, Violin, Cornet, Mandolin, Guitar, jo, or Reed Organ—and we will send our Free Catalog with details of course you want. nd now. . UNIVERSITY EXTENSION CON SERVATORY 297 Siegel-Myers Building Chicago,

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116 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION INFORMATION PATENT ATTORNEYS June, 1926 SALESMEN AND AGENTS WANTED CORRECT, complete information any scientific, tech- . nical,commercial,social topic concerning Brazil furnished. Consulting Engineer Freise, Petropolis, Sampaio 20. Fee 2 Dollars account Banco Hollandez, Rio, Brazil. ACCURATE, specific information on any subject $5. National Information Bureau, 316B Shepard Building, Grand Rapids, Michigan. Prompt service, satisfaction guaranteed. INSECTS WANTED WHY not spend Spring, Summer and Fall gathering butterflies, insects? I buy hundreds of kinds for collec- tions. Some worth $1 to $7 each. Simple outdoor work with my instructions, pictures, price-list. Send 10 cents (not stamps) for my Illustrated Prospectus before send- ing butterflies. Mr. Sinclair, Dealer in Insects, Dept. 7, Box 1424, San Diego. Cal. LABORATORY AND CHEMICAL SERVICES YOUR chemical problem solved and working process furnished for $5.00. Write me. W. Stedman Richards, Consulting Chemist, Box 2402, Boston, Mass. MELT Metals and Alloys with SPEEDEE-HEET Electric Furnaces, $75.00. The Booth Electric Furnace Co., Room 1122, Monadnock Bldg., Chicago, Ill _. FORMULAS: The Best Chemical Science Can de- vise—Guaranteed Reliable Processes in all lines. Stamp Brivgs Big Bunch of Valuable Literature, Interesting Lists. Don't buy till you receive this. Chemical Analysis, Charges reasonable. Dr. Liscomb Miller, Chemist, Tampa, Florida. EXPERIMENTERS. Complete Chemical Apparatus and Radio Catalog. 1000 illustrations. Price 25¢; re- funded on $5.00 order. Laboratory Materials Co., 641 East 7ist St., Chicago. ‘ LANGUAGES WORLD-ROMIC System, Masterkey 5,000 languages. Primers $1.98. Chinese, French, Spanish—Languages, 8 West 40th, New York. LETTER SPECIALISTS I WRITE letters, folders, booklets, complete followup for manufacturers, mail order dealers. Long experience. Write for details. L. Taylor, Box S44, Freeport, Ill. MACHINE TOOLS CONCRETE Building Block Machines and Molds, Catalogue free. Concrete Manufacturing Co., 5 N. Main St.. St. Louis, Mo. PATENTS—Time counts in applying for patents. Don't risk delay in protecting your ideas. Send sketch or model for instructions or write for FREE book, ‘‘How to Obtain a Patent”’ and “Record of Invention” form. No charge for information on how to proceed. Communica- tions strictly confidential, Prompt,. careful, efficient service. Clarence A. O’Brien, Registered Patent Attorney, Security Bank Building (directly across street from Patent Office), Washington, D. C. (See page 123) “INVENTOR’S Adviser,” the valuable Patent book with 139 mechanical movements and illustrations, sent free upon request—M. S. Labiner, Patent Attorney, 3 Park Row, New York. PATENTS—Before disclosing an invention the in- ventor should write for our blank form ‘‘Record of Inven- tion.” This should be signed, witnessed and returned to us together with model or sketch and description of the Invention for Free Inspection and Instructions. Our Three Books mailed free to inventors. Our illustrated Guide Book, ‘How to Obtain a Patent,” contains full instructions regarding patents. Copies of unsolicited letters from manufacturers and others who are constant- ly writing us regarding the purchase or Jeasing of merito- rious patents sent upon request. See advertisement on Se Victor J. Evans & Co., 937 Ninth, Washing- on, D. C. PATENTS, trade marks, copyrights. Prompt, per- sonal reliable service. Over 30 years’ active practice. Write for terms. Book free. Address E. G. Siggers, Box 1, N. U. Building, Washington, D. C. PATENTS. Booklet free. Highest references. Best results. Promptness assured. Watson E. Coleman, Patent Lawyer, 644 G Street, Washington, D. C. INVENTORS’ Guide free on request; gives valuable information and advice for all who have original ideas or improvements. Frank Lederman, Registered Attorney and Engineer, Woolworth Bldg., 1714, New York. UNPATENTED Ideas Can Be Sold. I tell you how and help you make the sale. Free particulars (Copy- righted). Write W. T. Greene, 811 Jenifer Building, Washington, D. C. MILLIONS spent annually for ideas! Hundreds now wanted! Patent yours and'profit! Write today for free book—tells how to protect yourself, how to invent, ideas wanted! how we help you sell, ete. American Indus- tries, Inc., 501 Kresge Bldg., Washington, D. C. PATENTS, Trade-Marks, aii countries. Ten years’ experience examining applications in Patent Office. Consultation invited. George Beeler, Patent Attorney, 150 Nassau Street, New York. PATENTS: My fee in installments. Free personal advice. Frank T. Fuller, Washington, D. C. MAGIC TRICKS BE a magician, give shows, earn money. Catalogue 20 cents. Oaks Magical Co.; Dept. 520, Oshkosh, Wis. BOOKS, Magic, Mysteries, Magic Tricks, Novelties. Catalogue Free. Singer 515, Hancock, Wisconsin. BIG Magic Book 10¢. Tells about and illustrates hundreds Tricks, Puzzles, Illusions, Jokes, Novelties. Amuse! Mystify! At home, on stage. Heaney Magic Co., Dept. S, Berlin, Wisconsin. GREAT Fun—Fooling Friends—Prohibition trick— 12e Coin: Rogers, Paulina St., West Somerville, Mass. MAIL ORDER BUSINESS MONROE E. MILLER, Ouray Bldg., Washington, D. C., Patent Lawyer, Mechanical, Electrical Expert. Book- let and Priority Record blank gratis. AGENTS —Write for free samples. Sell Madison “Better-Made”’ Shirts for large Manufacturer direct to wearer. No capital or experience required. Many earn $100 weekly and bonus. Madison Co., 566 Broadway New York. t AGENTS —Clever invention! Inkspoon makes every pen a fountain pen. Fast office seller, big profit, demand increasing everywhere. Exclusive territory offered, Sample free. H. Marui Company,Tribune Blg., New York. INSTANT Weld—Repairs large punctures without cement or heat. Lenn’s profit one day $56. Write quick, Free sample. Territory going fast. Tourist’s Pride Mfg. Co., Desk R, Minneapolis, Minnesota. : MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the ‘Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.” You'd like to know wouldn't you? Address your inquiry to: Manager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York. GET our free sample case toilet articles, perfumes and specialties. Wonderfully profitable. La Derma Co., Dept. F., St. Louis, Missouri. WASH Clothes the new way. Use the Torrent Auto- matic Washer. You will be delighted. Special offer to one in each locality. Storm Royalty Co., 3603 Enright Ave., St. Louis, Mo. AGENTS. $60—$200 a week. Genuine gold letters for store windows easily applied. Free samples. Liberal offer to general agents. Metallic Letter Co., 434-A. N, Clark, Chicago. GET our plan for monogramming automobiles, trucks, hand luggage and all similar articles by transfer method, experience unnecessary; exceptional profits. Motorists’ Accessories Company, Mansfield, Ohio. TAKE orders for coffee, sugar, flour, meats, canned goods, staple groceries, also paints, radio sets, tires, auto and tractor oils. No capital or bond required. We deliver and collect. Permanent business. Big pay. Write at once. Hitchcock-Hill Co., Dept. 81, Chicago. BANKRUPT and Rummage Sales. Make $50.00 daily. We start you, furnishing everything. Distributors Dept. 34, 609 Division, Chicago. $10 DAILY silvering mirrors, plating and refinishing lamps, reflectors, autos, beds, chandeliers by new method. Outfits furnished. Write Gunmetal Co., Ave. F, Decatur, Illinois. SELLS for $9.75. Prints ad on wrapping paper, envelopes, etc. $4.00 commission. Send 10e for sample work. Automatic Ad-Stamper, Joplin, Mo. PATENTS—Send for form ‘‘Evidence of Conception” to be signed and witnessed. Form, fee schedule, informa- tion free. Lancaster and Allwine, Registered Patent Attorneys in United States and Canada, 232 Ouray Bldg., Washington, D. C. PATENTS Procured: Trade Marks Registered.—A comprehensive, experienced, i service for the pro- tection and development of your ideas. Preliminary advice gladly furnished without charge. Booklet of in- formation and form for disclosing idea free on request. Richard B. Owen, 44 Owen Bldg., Washington, D. C., or 41-Z Park Row, New York. $25000. I MADE spare time home. Booklet for stamp. Sample and Plan 25¢. Alps Scott, Cohoes, N. Y. MAKE Money on the Side. A brand new proposition. No capital required. Splendid mail-order feature eve- nings. Dept. S, Klean-A-Pipe Company, Fargo, N. Dak. MANUFACTURING DEVELOPING ideas and manufacturing our spe- cialty. Absolute satisfaction, 33 years’ experience; write us. The K. & B. Die & Specialty Co., 2018 Elm St., Cincinnati, Ohio, Dept. C. MODELS AND MODEL SUPPLIES WE make working models for inventors and experi- mental work, and carry a complete stock of brass gears and model supplies. Send for catalogue. The Pierce Model Works, Tinley Park, Illinois. “SPECIAL machine builders, tool and die makers, inventor's models, production work of all kinds. Dept. J, Quality Hardware & Machine Co., Ravenswood and Thorndale Avenues, Chicago. Ill.” WE Build Models, design, develop and manufacture articles in large or small quantities. Hohmeier Mfg. Co., 1385 EF. 17th St., Cleveland, O. HULIT & CO., 625 Jackson, Chicago, Hl. mental Machinists. Model Makers, Dies. Complete general Machine shop. MOTORCYCLES, BICYCLES, SUPPLIES E-xperi- Patterns. OVERSTOCKED Used Motorcycles, 1923 Indian Chief, $95.00, 1923 Harley Davidson, $95.00, 1923 Henderson Deluxe, $120.00. Two hundred others, write for free list. Myerow Brothers Co., 14 Berkeley St., Boston, Mass. DON’T buy a bicycle motor attachment until you get our catalogue and prices. Shaw Mfg. Co., Dept. 4 Galesburg. Kansas. . MOTORS—ENGINES— MACHINERY MOTORS—% and 1/6 hp. electric grinder and buffer. Send for literature. Manhattan Co. 333a W. Manhattan Blvd., Toledo, Ohio. MUSICAL RICHARD EL. Babcock, Patent Lawyer, Washington Loan & Trust Bldg., Washington, D. C. Booklet. INVENTORS who derive largest profits know and heed certain simple but vital facts before applying for Patents. Our Book “Patent Sense’’ gives those facts; sent free. Write Lacey and Lacey, 648 F St., Washington, D. C., Established 1869. PATENTS, Trade-Marks, Copyrights. Easy terms. Sanders, 2 Rand MeNally Building, Chicago, Il. U. S. AND foreign patents, trademarks; moderate rates. 22 years’ experience. George C. Heinicke, 32 ome Square, New York; registered in U. S. and Canada. FREE Booklet describes 52 plans for making $20.00 to $100.00 weekly in home or office business of your own. Downs Co., 2333 Myrtle, St. Paul, Minn. REPLATE brassy worn-off automobile parts. Re- flectors. Bathroom fixtures, worn spoons, forks, etc., with pure silver. Look like new. Use U-Kan-Plate Polish. Positively no mercury. $1.00 half pint. Post- paid. Satisfaction guaranteed. Agents wanted. U-Kan-Plate Co., Dept. B, Philadelphia. AGENTS—Best seller; Jem Rubber Repair for tires and tubes; supersedes vulcanization at a saving of over 800 per cent; put it on cold, it vulcanizes itself in two minutes, and is guaranteed to last the life of the tire or tube; sells to every auto owner and accessory dealer. For particulars how to make big money and free sample, ad- dress Amazon Rubber Co., 504 Amazon Building, Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania. WE pay $48 a week, furnish auto and expenses to introduce our Soap and Washing Powder. Buss-Beach Company, Dept. A48, Chippewa Falls, Wisc. SALESMEN—Selling Supreme Shirts means big business, big repeats! big commissions. Write today for FREE Kit. Supreme Shirt Co., 276-F Fifth Ave., New York. GET Your Own Patents. Instructions, legal blanks, $1. Cooper Cutting, Campbell, Calif. EDWARD C. SASNETT, Attorney at Law; Ex- Principal Examiner U. S. Patent Office. Personal service. 542 McGill Bldg., Wasnington, D. C. PHONOGRAPHS AND SUPPLIES TRY the new wonder Aero music needles on your phonograph. Most interesting surprise package, 25¢ coin. Aero Needle, Box 95, Sheboygan, Wis. PHOTOGRAPHS AND SUPPLIES MARVELOUS Pricing System sells on sight all stores. Ten million prospects. Tremendous demand. Big repeats. Exclusive territory. Bldg., Boston, Mass. AGENTS—Wonderful newly invented Knife Sharp- ener. Sold on lifetime guarantee. Big profits. Demon- stration sells it. Sample free. Exclusive territory, Conaway Co., M-37, Champaign, Illinois. NEW Camera takes and finishes photos one minute. Make money taking photos, selling cameras or doing both. Exclusive territory. Crown, Dept. 314, Norwalk, Conn. Millen, 430 Nottingham HAVE youacamera? Write for free sample of our big magazine, showing how to make better pictures and earn money. American Photography, 117 Camera House, Boston, 17, Massachusetts. ESTABLISH yourself at home, as a photographic expert; make $75 a week while learning; professional camera furnished free; write quick for full information. International Studios, Dept. 1743, 3601 Michigan Ave., Chicago. UNEXCELLED Gloss Prints. Trial Offer. Your Kodak Film Developed and Printed only 10c. F. R. B. en Dept. “G,”’ 1503 Lincoln Ave., Cincinnati, 110. PRINTING AND ENGRAVING $11.80 DAILY in advance (send for sworn proof). In- troducing New Insured Hosiery.57 styles,40 colors, guar- anteed seven months. No capital or experience required. You simply take orders. We deliver and collect (or you can deliver, suit yourself). Credit given. Pay you daily, monthly bonus besides. We furnish samples. Spare time will do. Macochee Textile Company, Card 1526, Cin- cinnati, Ohio. SELL guaranteed shirts, overalls, and work pants. Big variety of shirts, including silks, with a splendid line of union made work and flannel shirts, overalls, coveralls, work pants, play suits, all guaranteed. Sell direct to wearer full or spare time. No experience re- quired. Write today for FREE Selling Outfit, Nimrod Shirt Co.,Dept. 25, 4922—24—26-28 Lincoln Ave.,Chicago. EMBOSS your Stationery with Hand Embosser. Circular Free. Midwest, Box 47, Springfield, Illinois. BETTER Printing for Less Money. Write us about your printing needs, and you will save money. Ernest Fantus Company, 525 South Dearborn Street, Chicago. PIANO JAZZ: teaches Ear Playing, Negro Harmony, Player Piano Effects, Chimes, Blues, Chords, Sweet Harmony, Particulars Write ‘Piano Bill,” Toronto 3, Canada OPTICAL GOODS ARTIFICIAL eyes. Booklet free. 508 Barclay, Denver. Colorado. OFFICE DEVICES Denver Optic, ADDRESSING machines, multigraph, duplicators, folders, check writers, sealers, dictating machines, at about half new cost. Pruitt, 117 N. Market St., Chicago. PATENTS AND ROYALTIES PATENT—Fortune in Stop-Direction Signal on autos visible all around. Sale or royalty. F. Cox, 820 Cass St., Chicago. $3.00 DELIVERED. 500 Watermarked Bond Letter- heads. 8'4x11l, and 250 envelopes, money with order. Job Printing Specialty. National Printing Company, Dept. S, Goshen, Ind. HIGH Grade Printing—5,000 20-lb Hammermill Bond Letter Heads, $13.75; 10,000, $24.00. 6% white wove envelopes, five thousand, $10.00. The Courier Company, Zanesville, Ohio. ‘RADIO & SUPPLIES POLARITY instrument 25¢. ume. Tubes rejuvenated 40¢. Ave., N. Y. Insures greatest vol- Neville, 3824 Walao RAZORS AND BLADES TEMPORARY Offer: GRIPSIT, the Perfect Strop- per for Gillette Blades complete with strop, Genuine Gillette Razor with blade. Complete outfit One Dollar, postpaid. Gripset Corporation, 405 Broadway, Cam- bridge, Mass, ONE CENT!! Post Card from You Brings free solid gold stud offer to Agents. Rajah Rainbow Gem Deceives experts. Rainbow Gem Co., Dept. F-10, Salisbury, N. C. SUCCEED With Your Own Products—Make them yourself. Formulas, Processes, Trade-Secrets. Modern master methods. Catalog free. C. Thaxly Co., Washing- ton, D. C ICELESS Ice Cream Shipper. Amazing new inven- tion. Eliminates ice, salt, weight and cuts express costs half. Iceless Container, St. Paul, Minn. $20 DAILY selling VER-I-EZY Men's shoes direct. Sell relatives, friends, neighbors first. Low priced. Give real comfort, long service. You take orders, keep big commission. We ship and collect. Full or part time. Write NOW. Easy-wear Shoe Company, Dept. 233, Indianapolis, Ind. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.’’ It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells “‘“How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.’”” You'd like to know. wouldn't you? Address your inquiry to: Manager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York. June, 192¢ SAL — AGENTS sells easily. owners, hon Our men ™. producers. own with u write us t Dayton, Ob Ils 25¢; | free, Need York. “SELL B Novelties, 1 Dearborn | bined cdete MR. AL “Quick-Act some really and valuab Popular Sei wouldn't y¢ Science Mo at Lelaaid ee BIG mo initials for Ten order: samples. Orange, Neé BRING Food Flave sample an Newark, N AGENT tectors; sa Stamping Plates. Brooklyn, IMPOR Green, in Sample $1 A PAY! acter. T Good inco Mfg. Co., SELF-1 Fine side Lea Brott A BUS Name an Book and ARE ye 133 of thi Main Str FOR s medicine. Boosters and agen pany. Ks NEW, Hand So: repeater. Park, Chi BINOGC samples | Optical ¢ GET ¢ selling H day sure; 6099 Am AGEN bonus bt fery, fin needed. furnishet MR. . “Quick-/ some res and valu Popular know wo Classifie Fourth NEW graming Monogr AGE! letters. Shaw, 1 BUII number Co., De AGE tain” 3 and full Shirt C YOU single s carry. Dept. ¢ DIS’ Lighte’ interes steady 110 E. MA! headlig deliers Dept. AGI patent Sampl Amste KAI finishi Outfit way, ! MR “Quie some and v Popul know. Class Fourt BI initia order 25, N OV Light indiv 8.M

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June, 1926 SALESMEN AND AGENTS WANTED AGENTS WANTED—Something new—Fyr-Fyter sells easily. Makes a spectacular demonstration; car owners, homes, factories, stores, practically buy on sight. Our men make $10 to $50 a day. Exclusive territory to producers. If you wish to establish a business of your own With unlimited possibilities for making ‘big money, write us today. Fyr-Fyter Co., 999 Fyr-Fyter Bldg., Dayton, Ohio. $20 PROFIT daily selling needlebooks; costs 3-5c each; sells 25c; value 50c. Three samples 25c. Catalogue free. Needlebook Specialty Co., 661 Broadway, New York. SELL BY MAIL! Big Profits! Books, Formulas, Novelties, Bargains. Particulars Free! Elfco, 523 South Dearborn Street, Chicago. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.’”’ It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ““How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.”” You'd like to know wouldn’t you? Manager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York. BIG money and fast sales. Every owner buys gold initials for his auto. You charge $1.50; make $1.35. Ten orders daily easy. Write for particulars and free samples. American Monogram Co., Dept. 47, Fast Orange, New Jersey. BRING Home the Bacon selling Stuart’s famous Food Flavors. Quick sellers. Big profits. Write for free sample and terms. C. H. Stuart & Co., 6568 Main, Newark, New York. AGENTS—Stamping names on Pocket Key Pro- tectors: sample check with your name and address, 25c. Stamping Outfits, Emblem Checks, Check Fobs, Name Plates. Hart Mfg. Co.,” Desk 2—305 Degraw St., Brooklyn, N. Y. IMPORTED 5-Color Pencil, Writes Red, Black, Blue, Green, indelible. Sells on sight; No competition. Sample $1.00. Aronson, K-236 W. 55th St., New York. A PAYING position open to representative of char- acter. Take orders shoes-hosiery direct to wearer. Good income. Permanent. Write now. Tanners Shoe Mfg. Co., 4-412 C St., Boston, Mass. SELF-THREADING Needles find sales in every home. Fine side line; easily carried; big profits; sample free. Lea Brothers, 147 East 23rd St., New York. A BUSINESS of your own—Making Sparkling Glass Name and Number Plates, Checkerboards, Signs. Big Book and Sample free. E. Palmer, 513, Wooster, Ohio. ARE you old at forty ? See our advertisement on page 133 of this issue. The Electro Thermal Company, 4058 Main Street, Steubenville, Ohio. FOR steady pleasant income sell old reliable herb medicine. Full time or side line. Makes friends and Boosters everywhere. Extra fine commissions. Free box and agency terms. Write Bassett’s Native Herbs Com- pany. Established 1879. Dept. L, Columbus, Ohio. NEW, fast seller; 50% profit. ‘‘Bestever Powdered Hand Soap.’”’ Removes grease, paint, ink, dirt. Great repeater. Sample free. Bestever Prod. Co., 1945-8, Irving Park, Chicago. BINOCULARS! binoculars! binoculars! Salesman’s samples at cost prices. Send for complete list. Geneva Optical Company, 73 Linden St., Geneva, N. Y. GET our free outfit offer. Wonderful line 350 fast- selling Household Necessities. Every home buys; $15 a day sure; car furnished. American Products Company, 6099 American Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. AGENTS I'll pay you $12 a day in advance. Extra bonus besides. Take orders for New Guaranteed Hos- jery, finest line you ever saw. No capital or experience needed. New plan puts you above competition. Samples furnished. Write quick for amazing offer. Jennings Hos- iery Co., Dept. 832, Dayton, Ohio. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably."” You'd like to know wouldn't you? Address your inquiry to: Manager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York. NEW wonderful seller. Cost 10c, profit $1.40, Mono- graming Autos. Lifetime opportunity. Free samples. Monogram Co., B 126, Worcester, Mass. AGENTS: $50 to $200 per week with our window letters. Easily applied by anyone. Samples free. FE Shaw, 12 Carlton Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. BUILD splendid business making chipped glass number and name plates. Particulars free. Simplex Co., Dept. 83, 1133 Broadway, New York. AGENTS—$75 to $150 weekly to introduce ‘‘Chief- tain” 3 for $4.95 Guaranteed Tailored Shirts. Samples and full working outfit free. Your pay daily. Cincinnati Shirt Company, Secy 1605, Cincinnati, Ohio. YOUR trade uses salesboards. Make up to $35 on single sale. Largest, lowest priced line. No samples to carry. Elaborate 3 color catalog free. Lincoln Sales Co., Dept. G, 9 So. Clinton, Chicago. DISTRIBUTORS wanted for Mystifying Radio Gas Lighters and Masterlite Cigar Lighters. Everybody interested. Sell to consumers, dealers. Big profits, steady business. Selling Plans free. L. Masterlite Co., 110 EF. 23rd St., New York. MAKE Money, silvering mirrors, refinishing auto headlights, tableware; metal plating, bed steads, chan- deliers. Outfits furnished. International Laboratories, Dept. 64, 309 Fifth Ave., New York. AGENTS—Make a dollar an hour. Sell Mendets, a patent patch for instantly mending leaks in all utensils. Sample package free. Collette Mfg. Co., Dept. 467, Amsterdam, N. Y. . EARN 810 daily silvering mirrors, plating and re- finishing metal ware, headlights, chandeliers, bedsteads. Outfits furnished. IF. Decie Laboratories, 1133 Broad- way, New York. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.”. You'd like to know, wouldn’t you? Address your inquiry to: Manager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York. BIG MONEY, fast sales; every owner buys gold initials for his auto. You charge $1.50, make $1.44. Ten orders daily easy. Samples free. World Monogram, Dept. 25, Newark, N. J. OVER 100% Profit, Self-Lighting Gas and Cigar Lighters: Everybody interested; repeat business. Sell individuals, dealers, subagents. Particulars FREE. 8S. M. Bernhardt, 127 West 30th St., New York. MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION If youcould meet L. V. Mullett, Traffic Man- ager for Mutschler Brothers, Nappanee, Ind., you would never guess his early handicaps. His schooling ended with the eighth grade —ina one-room country schoolhouse. Then by turns he was farmhand, carpenter, baker, news-butcher, grocery clerk, officeclerk... His real preparation for business began when he enrolled with LaSalle for home- study training in Higher Accountancy. On the advice of his employer, he followed it with LaSalle training in Traffic Management. Promotion tothe position of Traffic Man- ager for Mutschler Brothers Company gave him his opportunity. For ‘‘Samson"’ office desksanddirectors’ tables, madeby this firm, are shipped to every state in the Union and into Canada and Mexico. Aided by his LaSalle training, he devised anewsystem forhandling freight shipments which more than saved for his company his en- tire salary. Italso saved time and money for the customer. Officals of the B. & O. railroad have paid Mr. Mullett a special visit in order to obtain LASALLE EXTENS THE WORLD’S LARGEST BUSINESS TRAINING 117 Makes Good as Traffic Manager | da Charles Mutschler Pres. Mutschler Bros. Co. N L. V. Mullett, Tadienna Man, Increases Income 140% details of this system so that they can rec- ommend it to other shippers. ‘*Youwill better realize my feelings about LaSalle,’’ writes Mr. Mullett, ‘‘when I tell you that I am now taking your training in Business Management. My othertwo LaSalle courses have helped me to get where Iam. Now Iam preparing for even bigger things.’” A profession of remarkable opportunities —Traffic Management—as witnessed by the records of big business. At least three Detroit manufacturers pay their Traffic Managers better than $20,000 a year. Send for Free Book — ‘Opportunities in Traffic Management”* _ Acquaint yourself with the opportunities in Traffic Management! This may be the field in which you can carve out for your- self a splendid future. The coupon will bring you, without obligation, a 96-page book that points the way to the big rewards in Traffic Management and shows you how, within a comparatively few months, you can equip yourself to take advantage of them, LaSalle will send it to you free. If you are eager to enter a field of unlimited op- portunity, clip and mail the coupon—NOW ION UNIVERSITY INSTITUTION —_——_—— —— — — FIND YOURSELF THRU LASALLE! ?-— ooo o> — LASALLE EXTENSION UNIVERSITY Dept. 683T R CHICAGO I would welcome an outline of your salary-doubling plan, together with a copy of “Opportunities in Traffic Management,” also copy of “Ten Years’ Promotion in One,” all without obligation. [] Traffic Management e Training for position as Railroad or Industrial ¢ Traffic Manager, Rate Expert, Freight Solicitor,etc. Other LaSalle Opportunities: LaSalle opens the way to success in every important field of business, If more interested in one of the fields indicated below, check here: Personneland Employment Man- Rr b Higher Accountancy. M t O agement. Modern Salesmanship. | Railwzy vee Management. Law-Training forBar;LL.B. Degree. = Commercial Law. ree ~ eof Industrial Management. i] Expert Bookkeeping. Hee they j ema Geneon %, Business English. f >, ae ence and Practice. Commercial Spanish. ; Banking and Finance. = Effective Speaking. f H Modern Foremanship and Pro- duction Methods. C. P. A. Coaching for Advanced Accountants. ree! FS aa By BERS Boo REN oe RE AE EY OOPS Me eens Ee ROE SEE SE EE Pe AGEKESS.-nccceccss- mail coupon FE, LES A aN SE eee 0, OE OR now You can now quickly learn to make comics, sport car- toons, animated and serious cartoons, ete. Cartooning is lots of fun —and fun that pays big money! Learn cartooning at home in spare time this. amazingly easy way. ; Send for Free Book Mail postcard or letter today for Free Book on Cartooning. It, tells all about this easy method perfetted by one of America’s most successful cartoonists—also is filled with interesting facts about cartooning. Mail card TODAY! Give Age if, under 16 years. WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF CARTOONING Room 246-D, 1113-15th St., N. W., WASHINGTON, D. C- i} Guarantéed to Give 1] 30% to 75% More Miles Per Gal- i, jon Gas. New Power and Pep toAny Motor. Here’s your chance to make big money. Awonderful invention—an entirely new principle that automatically super-charges any motor with greater power. Gives snappy pick-up, asmoother running motor and easier starting. Keepscylin- «) ders, valves and spark plugs clean from carbon. Anyone can install it. No tools needed. Sells on sight. DEMONSTRATOR Get one for your car and start business. Sell to owners and fleet operators. A big business opportunity. Pays amazing profits. A real hance for easy, quick money and a permanent business. Write quick Yor FREE demonstrator offer and spec- ial FREE deal tostart. Send your name Today! A-236Century Bidg. CLEVELAND, OHIO Central Petroleum Co.

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What This Book Did for These 8 Men! Ward of Chicago read it and increased his earn- ings from $20 a week to $13,500 a year—J. H. Cash, Acne. raised his salary from $75 to $500 & month—W. D. Clenny of Kansas City, com- menced making as high as $850 a month—F. M. Harris. a former telegrapher, became sales man- ager at $6,000 a year—O. A. ‘Jones, Missouri, in- creased his income 70%—H. J. Pugh, Ohio, was promoted to general manager of his firm at three times his old salary—R. Mortonof Illinois, beeame president of his firm - so did Charles V. ¢ ago Danville, Ill., as a result of reading this book. NOW FREE There is nothing unusual about these men, or about their success. Thousands, after reading this book, have found big money waiting for them. The only question is—do you want to increase - your earning power. If so—this book, ‘“‘ Modern Sales- manship,” will quickly show you how to do it in an easy way. . Success Inside Twenty Weeks This may sound remarkable—but after 18 years of intensive investigation the National Demonstration method has been perfected—and this means you can now step into a selling position in one-fourth the time it formerly took to prepare for this greatest of all money-making professions. Simple as A BC There is nothing remarkable about the success that nen enjoy shortly after they take up this result- securing system of Salesmanship T raining. For there are certain ways to stimulate keen interest—certain ways to overcome objections, batter down prejudice, out wit competition and make the prospect act. Learn these secrets and brilliant success awaits you in the selling field. Make this Free Test at Once You don’t need experience or a college education. And if you are not sure of yourself, you can find out a once whether you can make big money as a Master Salesman. Simply send the coupon for this Free Book. As k yourself the questions it contains. The answers you make will show you definitely whether a big success awaits you in this fascinating field. Then the road is clear before you. This amazing book will! be a revelation to you. Send for it at once while this free offer is open. NATIONAL SALESMEN’S TRAINING ASSOCIATION Dept. G-15, N. S. T. A. Building, Chicago, Ill. National Salesmen’s Training Association, Dept. G-15, N. 8S. T. A. Bldg., Chicago, Ill. Gentlemen: I will accept a copy of ‘‘ Modern Sales- manship ” with the understanding that it is sent me entirely free. SN fees oc EGGS eco ers a Seiocuts Ce eee ee eee ee ea Age ear eS a Rat Perera SALESMEN AND AGENTS WANTED MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION June, 192% SALESMEN AND AGENTS WANTED MARVELOUS Invention! Does away with phono- graph needles. Preserves records. Saves $25 in needles. Pays $90 weekly. Sample on approval if requested. Everplay, Desk G-6, McClurg Bldg., Chicago. MARVELOUS invention seals 2000 envelopes hour, Sells very low price. Tremendous demand. Big repeats, Exclusive territory. Write Rede, 8001 Nottingham Bldg., Boston, Mass. NEWEST Invention: Sells everywhere. Automati- cally prevents telephone and iron cords from tangling and kinking. $90 weekly. Samples for test if desired. Neverknot, Dept. J-6, McClurg Bldg., Chicago. IF YOU think in Terms of $6,00C the First Year write Us Now. Strong line for retail stores. Nationally ad- vertised. Established concern. Best season now start- ing. Liberal weekly advance to producer. The Conti- nental Co., 1317 Liberty Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. AGENTS make $57 a day driving nails in tires! Amazing discovery heals all punctures—one tire was punctured 357 times without a leak. Send for Free Sample “> 0. S. Nelson, G-3026 Logan Bldg., ‘ Mitchell, 8S. Dak. CAN you sell Ford size tires at $3.50 each? Write for plan.’ Details free. American Accessories Co., Dept. 179, Cincinnati, Ohio. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.’ It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.”’ You'd like to know, wouldn't you? Address your inquiry to: Manager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York. SELL Greeting Cards, 35% Commission. tion free. Wolfeprint, Lawndale, Philadelphia. FORMULAS for making your own guaranteed prod- ucts. Investment Small. No Machinery Needed. 300 to 12004 profit! Stamp Brings Interesting Descriptive Literature for Fly Killing Spray, Delicious Summer Drinks, Best Metal Polishing Cloth, Hair Marcell Liquid, No-Water Hand Soap, Lightning Battery Charg- ing Liquid, Mendit, Fabric Patching Liquid; Amazon Tire Repair, Washing Compounds; Compolith Wood- stone, Wonder Gloss: Wizard Polish; Pure Food: Toilet, Medical, Household Specialties, All lines. State what interests most. Miller, Chemist, 1706 Jettony, Tam- pa, Florida. Informa- MIRRORS re-silvered at home. Costs less. 5 cents pet square foot; you charge 75 cents. Immense profits, plating autoparts, reflectors, tableware, stoves. Refin: ishing metalware, ete., Outfits furnished. Write for information. Sprinkle, Plater, 96, Marion, Indiana. HERE’S the Line that Satisfies—you'll sell yourself on sight. New Rubber Specialties for every purpose, Over fifty fast sellers needed in every home; honest goods that we guarantee and the profits are large enough to give you a steady income and make you stick the year round. Write Dept. 901, B. & G. Rubber Co, Pittsburgh, Pa STAMMERING ST-TUT-T-T-TERING and stammering cured at home. Instructive booklet free. Walter McDonnell, 59 Areade, 1126 Granville Avenue, Chicago, Ill. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells “How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.”” You'd like to know wouldn't you? Manager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York, STAMPS AND COINS 1000 DIFFERENT stamps only 75c; from Armenia, Iceland, Zanzibar, ete., to approval poemeents only, Bargain lists free. Victoria Stamp Co., London, Canada. CALIFORNIA gold 8% size, 27¢.: S¥% size, 53e. White eent and catalogue, 10c. Norman Schultz, Colorado Springs, Colorado. . STAMPS, 100. All different, 3 cents. P. S. Quaker Stamp Co., Toledo, Ohio. OLD Coins. Large Spring Selling catalogue of coins for sale free. Catalogue quoting prices paid for coins, ten cents. William Hesslein, 101B Tremont Street; Boston, Mass. Lists free. AGENTS, both sexes, L we manufacture and control new household article. Fast seller. Big profits. Exclusive | territory. Write now, Connolly, 123 Liberty St., New | York. SELLING like blazes: Eleven piece toilet a assortment at $2.00 to your customers. 100% profit. Dept. 57, 1321 Carroll, Chicago. NUWAY Wonder-Mending Fluid turns mending drudgery into agreeable task. fabrics—quicker, neater. Laundry-proof. cents. Big profit. New-Way Healthy, Ohio. AGENTS $260 month. Bonus besides. Introduce finest line guaranteed hosiery you ever saw. 126 styles, colors. New sales plan a wonder. No experience needed. No hicense to pay. Auto furnished. Credit given. Spare time satisfactory. Samples furnished. Wilknit Hosiery Co., Dept. 432, Greenfield, Ohio. AGENTS—S8500 monthly easy selling Magic Gas. | New Discovery. $1 box equals 33 gallons gasoline Proven merits. Your name on cans. 300% profit. Write quick. P. A. Lefebvre & Co., Dept. 25, Alexandria, Ont., Canada. $50.00 WEEKLY, pleasant work, applying Initials on Automobiles. $1.45 profit every $1. Experience unnecessary. Free Samples. grams,’ 1043G, Washington, Boston, Mass. RESPONSIBLE man‘ in every city and town demonstrate and distribute advertising material. talking necessary. No experience. All year round out- door work. Full or part time. Good money. Write for complete free instructions. N. Ewing, § Sales Manager, 120 W. Austin Ave., Chicago. AGENTS! Stop a for others. Make your own products. Formulas: Toilet Preparations, Perfumes, Flavoring Extracts, Food Products, Household Special- ties. Amazing profits. Big catalog free. National Scientific Laboratories, 1952 W. Broad, Richmond, Va EARN $30 to $100 a week taking orders for Furniture and House Furnishings from Catalog on Easy Payments. No experience or capital required. Full or part time. Outfit free. L. Fish Furniture Co., Dept. A746, 2225 West Pershing Road, Chicago, III. SALESMEN—Sell new “Flash” Fire Extinguishers. Men wanted everywhere. Make $600.00 per month. Improved extinguisher operates like flashlight. Retails $7.50 to $12.00. Large commissions. Developed by United States Government Air Service. Stock equip- ment now on Government airplanes. Be first in field with this new invention. Full or part time. No experi- ence necessary. Write quick. Automatic Fire Extin- guisher Co., Desk A-5, 219 S. Ludlow, Dayton, Ohio. AGENTS coining money selling ‘‘LANOWA” Prod- ucts. Greatest utilities known. Big demand everywhere. Write quick for sample. Fraser Products, 305-E. 43rd, Kansas City, Mo. IT’S the season's biggest selling hit. Every car owner and garage will buy auto Mitten Dusters. 200% profit. Sample given. National Fibre Broom Co., St. Louis, Mo. STARTLING Selling Plan! $1.25 premium free to every customer on $2.00 sale of 8 ounce Vanilla, 6 ounce Shampoo and 4 ounce Lemon Lotion. Details and samples free. C. I. Togstad, Dept. 19-H, 29 South Clinton, Cc hicago, Illinois. POLMET POLISHING CLOTH cleans all metal. gg bones at 25c. Sample free. F. C. Gale, 15 Edinboro St., Boston. WANTED—Representatives in every factory in the United States. Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York. WANT distributing agent for Hanslick, powdered handsoap; removes anything from the hands without injury to skin; everybody a customer; great opportunity for hustler to get in business; sample free. Solar Prod- ucts Co., B-2144 So. Troy, Chicago. AGENTS—Distributors! Chemetal, the Magic Plate—Cleans silver instantly without rubbing or polish- ing. Send 25¢ for sample. Chemetal Co., 104D, Hanover St.. Boston, Mass. WANTED—Dealers and State Distributors. Ex- elusive territory. Noiseless Radio Battery Eliminator. Tremendous sales. Enormous repeats. Large profits. Write. Harcurt Electric, 2029 Indiana “Ave., Chicago. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for acopy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.’ It tells ““How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.’’ with two piece carving set FREI Davis Products Co., darning, Repairs all Selis 50 Laboratories, C, Mt. Gold 50 job. “Ralco Mono- to No Address your inquiry to Manager, Classified Advertis- | ing. P Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New or 1,000 MIXED U. S. and Foreign Stamps 25c. Lundsted. Cape Cottage, Maine. STAMPS Free—Ask for 4 "aati John K. Borresen, Cedar Falls, Iowa. FOREIGN Stamp i a sent free. Company, Schenectady, N MR. ADVERTISER: at today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.”’ It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells “How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.””. You'd like to know, wouldn’t you? Address your inquiry to: Manager Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York. 50 FRENCH Colonials, 30 British Colonials, 20 Portu- gese Colonials, 30 South and Central America, all differ- ent; price-lists, etc., all only 25c, to introduce approvals. Fennell Stamp Co., Dept. C, St. Louis, Mo. FIFTY different a stamps free to applicants for approvals. Fine values. P. N. Albright, Beach, Virginia. TECHNICAL SCHOOLS Phil approvals. Cornish CHICAGO Technical College offers short, intensely practical courses in Drafting and Engineering—civil, mechanical, electrical, structural—Architecture, Build- ing Construction, Plan Reading, etc. Courses fitted to bowed needs. No time wasted. Instructors are experts. Graduates in demand at big salaries. Opportunities for part-time work while studying. Day and evening classes, 23rd year. Enter any time. No special preliminary train- ing required. Low tuition—easy terms. Write for 72-page illustrated Blue Book, describing opportunities open to our graduates. C hicago Technical College, 23 Chicago Tech. Building, Chicago. TYPEWRITERS AND SUPPLIES TYPEWRITERS: all makes; lowest guarantee; send for illustrated Typewriter Co., 217 West 125 Street, prices; catalogue. New York, WATCH REPAIRING ALL makes of watches repaired by experts. Kstimates given first, watches returned prepaid if price « unsatis- factory. Write, International Watch Service, 5S, Ford- ham Station, New York City. dD year Henry WANTED DETECTIVES needed everywhere. Experience un- necessary. Particulars free. Write, George Wagner, former Government Detective, 1968P Broadway, N. Y. WANTED—Representatives in every factory in the United States. Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York. CASH paid for Dental Gold, False Teeth, Discarded Jewelry, Diamonds, Platinum. Mail. Florida Gold Ree fining Co., 21 Adams, Jacksonville, Fla. $100 in Cash Prizes | For the best letter of 150 words or less answering the question—‘‘What adver- tisement in the ‘Money Making Oppor- tunities’ Section interests you most and why?” First read every advertisement in the “Money Making Opportunities” Section on pages 110 to 136. Pick out the one that interests you most and write a letter not exceeding 150 words tell- ing us why you find the advertisement you have selected the most interesting. See page 4 for last month’s prize win- ning letters and additional information about this contest. June, 1926 _——————_— The | shares ° chances favor of hazards | them. | plane v should | ‘ply suff Then, | j only 40 \he say | breakd In a with sk jin case carry device: kinds induct Smoke target: | TV! fi | back » i for six | ice she ney oO taking and b are Q cloth When life-p: of cat load « | with | and | ES | ferry | wate W: of Ag | at P« | shop to fil five the r only islan ticak merc will rout A repo | Sibe | land | anot | a P fron may | M jour Dar whe on of t dra spe exp | odd | ( one is y

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ess eI- Or- ind ent June, 1926 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION 119 The World’s Great Enigma (Continued from page 11) | shares with Wilkins the belief that the chances of Polar flight are strongly in favor of the airplane. He has weighed the hazards carefully and is prepared to meet ‘them. Like Wilkins, he has chosen a iplane with three motors. If one motor should break down, the others would sup- ply sufficient power to drive the machine. Then, he has planned his course in legs of only 400 miles each. On such short hops, \he says, the chances against a serious | breakdown are 500 to one. In addition, he is equipping his planes with skids to aid him in taking off the ice in case of a forced landing, and he is carrying the most ingenious scientific devices to keep him on his course in all ‘kinds of weather—sun compass, earth ‘induction compass and drift indicator. Smoke bombs are to be used as sighting targets against the white of Arctic snow. | VEN if his plane should fail, he is con- | fident hewould beabletomakehisway back to his base. He carries provisions | for sixty days. If, on the march back, the ice should open, he is prepared for a jour- ‘ney over both ice and water. For he is ‘taking with him “sleds that carry boats, and boats that carry sleds.” The latter are odd, inflated craft made of balloon cloth and weighing about twelve pounds. When blown up, they look like huge life-preservers. Each of them is capable of carrying one man and one sled with its load of supplies. The boats are propelled with paddles, and they: can be blown up and launched in three minutes. “With these,” says Byrd, “we can ferry ourselves across stretches of open water between the ice.” Wade will start later, backed by alumni of American universities. From his base at Pomt Barrow, equipped with machine shop and hangars, he will fly northward to find the unknown land, exploring in five cruising planes of the type he flew in the round-the-world jaunt. He hopes not only to plant the American flag on a new island continent, but to prove the prac- ticability of flying machines for com- mercial travel across the Polar sea. He will endeavor to chart a short-cut air route between London and Tokyo. S FOR the Russian fliers, little is known definitely of their plans. It is ‘reported they will fly northward from Siberia in eight planes to claim any new ‘lands for the Soviet government. Still another airman is reported preparing for 'a Polar dash in a flying boat, starting from Nova Zembla. Japanese fliers, too, /may join the rush. | Most fantastic of all is the projected journey northward of the Frenchman, Darcis, with his “mechanical dogs,” whose suction rubber “paws,” moving on a traction wheel extending in front of the sled runners, are counted upon to drag men and supplies across the ice at a speed of eight miles an hour. This expedition, if it materializes, will be the oddest that ever set out for the North. | Of all the prospectors for new lands, the one whostarts with the greatest confidence | Amundsen. (Continued on page 120) | One Man Reports 3] 00 BE YOUR OWN BOSS! Know the joy of manly independence. BE FREE! Come and go as you please. SHARP- EN Lawn Mowers, Paper Cutter Knives, Planer Knives, Cutlery, Skates, Make Keys—every household, every store is your customer. Permanent, pleasant, easy business. And your own snug little shop! Write today for our Big Profit Plan—it’s FREE. Just ad- dress GREENEVILLE, TENN. 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Also snappy Hutchins Pants Co. profit in advance—$1.00 a pair. Big sea- j} 4 son just starting. Big market—knickers sport wear. Men who work with- summer flannels. Get free sample book, also agents’ profit dividend offer. Send no money. Act Dept. G-5 316 East 5th Street Cincinnati, Ohio | o te MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION June, 19% The World’s Great Enigma i . (Continued from page 119) Having tried the airplane and found it wanting, he embarks now with Lincoln Ellsworth in the 340-foot semi-rigid air- ship Norge, built by Italian experts to withstand the rigors of the Arctic. The route he has charted is from Rome to Kings Bay, Spitzbergen, by way of Mar- seilles, Paris, London and Leningrad. From the mooring mast at Kings Bay, he will sail out over the ice, halting in the air now and then to establish his bearings or make surveys, maps and photographs, and continuing to Nome, Alaska, possibly stopping at Point Barrow. From Nome he expects to fly down to Seattle. As this is written, the airship has completed the first leg of the fight, from Rome to Pulham, England, while Amundsen’s supply ship Hobby has reached Spitzbergen with materials for the construction of an airship shed and mooring mast. Amundsen has expressed the belief that his chances for success are one hundred percent. “T am sure,” he has said, “we will cross the Pole and get to Alaska safely. Barring disaster, the trip ought to take about two and one half days.” MUNDSEN'’S preparations have been made with characteristic thorough- ness. The big ship, carrying twenty tons and driven by three motors at a cruising speed of fifty miles an hour, is fitted with ingenious devices and apparatus to meet every conceivable emergency. It is said to carry the most complete wireless out- fit ever installed in an airship; also radio and sun compasses and special stereo- scopic cameras. , To lessen the possibility of buckling in severe storm, the ship has an envelope of _ extremely strong rubberized fabric, sup- ported by a backbone of steel tubing. Unusual precautions have been taken to insulate the hydrogen gas and driving mechanism against freezing. In addition, remarkable inventions have been provided for alighting on the sea or anchoring above the ice. * HINK what it will mean,” said Amundsen recently, “to fly in comparative comfort and security above treacherous ice which has_ threatened other explorers at every step! Never before have I entered an expedition with so few misgivings.” Fully as striking a contrast between the new and old methods of Arctic travel is found in the spectacular gold rush into the Red Lake district of northern Ontario which began early this year and now is in full swing. As old-time prospectors mush with their dogs over the 150-mile trail that leads from the railroad town of Hud- son to the scene of the latest strike, they can look aloft and see the prospectors of 1926 speed past them in airplanes. Soon after the stampede started, an enterprising Canadian purchased two planes and started aerial passenger serv- ice into the gold field, landing his pas- sengers on the smooth surface of Red Lake. Others began to follow the air trail. Now hundreds of prospectors have joined the hunt for gold in a rush that promises to surpass anything since the days of the Yukon. Less spectacular, perhaps, than the’ aerial stampede for new discovery and for gold, yet equally abounding in possibil. ities for enriching the world, are the more | methodical expeditions of scientists into| the Far North. Their goal is to solve the riddle of the weather, to fathom mysteries of the earth’s magnetism, to plumb uncharted | seas, to learn of creatures that inhabit. desolate places. Knowledge of inestimable value for the safety of lives at sea, for example, undoubtedly will result from the remark. able Greenland expedition of the Univer. sity of Michigan, led by Dr. William Herbert Hobbs, professor of geology. With a party of twenty scientists, Dr. Hobbs journeys by boat to the coldest and most desolate land on earth, there to study at their source the twin perils of the North Atlantic—the _ terrific storms which during the last winter have swept down with unequaled fury on ships at sea, and the icebergs which are a constant menace to navigation. He believes that the source of both these enemies of man is to be found in the great dome of perpetual ice which caps almost the entire continent of Greenland. ERE, he tells us, is the refrigerator of the earth, the “North Wind Pole,” where high currents of warm air from the equator are sucked down as if through a gigantic ventilating shaft, cooled, and| hurled back again toward the equator in the form of hurricanes. Taking two amphibian planes to trans- port supplies, Dr. Hobbs will establish four wireless-equipped weather stations, one of them in the heart of the ice cap. At the latter station, braving intense cold and terrific winds, two of the party will remain throughout next winter, when it is expected they will be able to send out warnings of severe storms at least a day in advance of their arrival in the ship- ping lanes. At the same time a thorough study will be made of winds and tempera- tures. Northern Greenland also is the goal of another important scientific undertak- ing—the Harrison Williams expedition, organized for the purpose of collecting specimens and material for the American Museum of Natural History. Its leader is George Palmer Putnam, publisher, and in the party are Robert Peary, son of the discoverer of the Pole, and Knud Ras- mussen, the Danish Arctic expert. AILING almost at the same time i Captain Donald B. MacMillan will go north, with a party which includes} two women explorers, in the schooner Bowdoin, So the Arctic this summer is going to be just about the busiest spot on the globe. None of us need be surprised if from the desolate North is flashed news of some of the most far-reaching events of modern times— events that will affect the lives of all of us. In fact—anything may happen. \

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MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION 121 e, 19% z the te OUR OFFER: I for: & ibil- , Your first step a Before disclosing an invention the inventor Into | should write for our blank form ‘‘RECORD | OF-INVENTION.” This should be signed, the witnessed and returned to us together with the model or sketch and description of the in- rted_ vention for INSPECTION and INSTRUC- abit TIONS. th NO CHARGE FOR THE ABOVE INFORMATION . e . nl Our Four Books Mailed TK- ver Free to Inventors eS. gts a Our Illustrated Guide Book baa aad J: Chicago, Ill., Dr. HOW TO OBTAIN A PATENT sane 1H Fasean dest Contains full instructions regarding U. S. here Patents. Our Methods, Terms, and too erils Mechanical Movements illustrated and de- Tific scribed. lave hips OUR TRADE-MARK BOOK ea Shows value and necessity of Trade-Mark ‘ Protection. Information regarding Trade- 0 y p> 4 , 2 7 M 4 la j p a New York Office Marks and unfair competition in trade. “aps Suite 1097 Woolworth Bldg. OUR FOREIGN BOOK und, We have Direct Agencies in Foreign Coun- tries, and secure Foreign Patents in shortest He: time and at lowest cost. le, * the Progress of Invention sh a Description of World’s Most Pressing Problems by and | , : : ae Leading Scientists and Inventors ALL COMMUNICATIONS AND DATA STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL ae ne eee ans INTERFERENCE AND INFRINGEMENT SUITS PROSECUTED ||" : lish Pittsburgh, Pa., Office Ons, IMPORTANT Suite 514 Empire Bldg. cap. TO MAKE YOUR CASE SPECIAL AND AVOID DELAY cold YOU SHOULD HAVE YOUR CASE MADE SPECIAL IN will OUR OFFICE to secure protection, save correspondence 2 and obtain early filing date in Patent Office. To secure de special preparation of your case send $25.00 on account hip- with model or sketch and description of your invention. ugh {3 oa era- ae , . % , 1 of "Ps, ee j ~~ ‘ing Philadelphia, Pa., Office WE! al Suite 518-519 Liberty Bldg. “EeoR = cree . @G EC be TB ER as- ee EGEE CEEe om ERED will B a a ides Private Office, Victor J. Evans, with view of Patent Office Through Window eS j ner wens [ Highest References Prompt Attention Reasonable Terms | on td | VICTOR J. EVANS & CO., Patent Attorneys | - . | Main Offices: 760-9th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. | i 0 ei SG Gentlemen: Please send me FREE OF CHARGE your % Ewe nts — FE ” | FREE books as described above. : | . _— fect : COUPON | x: San Francisco, Cal., Office Washington, D. .. Office | SIs ii told ins @ aca vais Ge al Seater Ane ce ee Aan atele w Oe e e's F : ’ ’ Victor Bldg. | AGdveSS®. ..c8. cas: eS hee ate See rete eer eee Suite 1090 Hobert Bldg.

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TRADE -MARKS - REGISTERED MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION June, 1926

Charles Hoff—the One-Man Track Team (Continued from page 25) whether it is a very good book or a very bad one. [became interested in sculpture, and at that I worked hard too. Music? Yes, I have studied music, but in that Thave not done so much. It is to journal- ism that I have given most of my time and effort, for that is my real profession. And always I have trained hard for athletics—every day, when other things have allowed me the time.” I asked Hoff how he had happened to become a pole vaulter, when that was the one event he had not practiced. “In Norway,” he said, “we are not rich enough to have an athletic coach in each school and club. So we have a na- tional coach, who works at the University | in Oslo, and in other places. His name is William Kreigsman, and he is one of the greatest coaches in the world. 7 NE day, after I had been graduated from the university, Mr. Kreigsman came to me and said: ‘Charles, you area pole vaulter.” I said that pole vaulting was one event at which I was hopeless, but he insisted that I try it. So I tried it, and he must have been right, for ten months later—in September, 1922—I broke the world record by vaulting thir- teen feet six inches. Mr. Kreigsman, as I said, is a very great coach.” Hoff then told me some of his theories concerning the science of pole vaulting. His style varies somewhat from the form used by American vaulters, who start to lift their bodies by their arms almost as soon as they have planted their poles and leaped into the air.

“TT IS mostly the speed of the run that carries the pole to a vertical position and the vaulter’s body into the air,” he said. Taking a cane from a corner, he demonstrated. “It is easier.” he said, indicating a point eighteen inches from the top of the stick, “to lift a weight fastened here, _ than it would be to lift a weight ’—a long- fingered hand moved almost to the top of the cane—‘‘fastened here. You see? The lower the weight, the less power is re- quired to swing the pole into a vertical position. For that reason, after I have planted the pole and made my leap, I keep my arms almost fully extended above my head until the pole is approach- ing the vertical; then I lift my body by the arms and cross the bar without using the jackknife kick that most American vaulters use. My way is best for me— perhaps theirs is best for them.” Hoff established a new world indoor record in each of his competitive appear- ances last winter. His last effort resulted in a vault of 13 feet 8 inches. His present outdoor world record, made in Denmark in 1923, is 13 feet 934 inches; but last Sep- tember, in Abo, Finland, the home town of Paavo Nurmi, he vaulted 13 feet 1134 inches, a mark which probably will be accepted as a new world record at the next meeting of the International Ama- teur Athletic Federation. Hoff expects to do 14 feet 2inches in (Continued on page 123)

June, 1926 Char the Au delphia ability should inches; not thi 15 feet Hofi is likel | equally | track | judges in the

N J the Colun ter, E recor broad over versit Osbor pion ; recor by a supre Hoff. the s Six jump 33 fe 23 fe secol yard He last tend he cc one | in si In pare thin chie mak To: wor pati vah in | N ie the Am an see qué of ( if } be, ga of gre his

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6 June, 1926 Charles Hoff—the One-Man Track Team (Continued from page 122 the American championships in Phila- delphia next July. The limit of human ability in this event? Hoff shrugs his shoulders. Perhaps it will be 14 feet 6 inches; perhaps even 15 feet. He does not think that any vaulter ever will beat 15 feet. Hoff’s marvelous skill in pole vaulting is likely to cause you to lose sight of his equally marvelous ability as an all-around irack and field performer. Many good | judges think that he can defeat any man in the world in an all-around test. N A seven-event indoor competition that was a feature of the Knights of Columbus games in New York last win- Hoff established new indoor world records in the pole vault and the running broad jump, and won by a large margin over Emerson Norton, Georgetown Uni- versity’s fine all-around athlete. Harold Osborn, the American all-around cham- pion and holder of the world high jump record, was forced out of the competition by an injury, leaving the question of supremacy unsettled between him and Hoff. The Norwegian’s performances in the seven events were as follows: Sixty yards, 6.6 seconds; running high jump, 5 feet 91% inches; 16-pound shot, 33 feet 11% inches; running broad jump, 23 feet 734 inches; 60-vard hurdles, 8.2 seconds; pole vault, 13 feet 7 inches; 440 yards, 56.8 seconds. Hoff had the contest won before the last event was decided, and did not ex- tend himself. If it had been necessary, he could have done the 440 yards in fifty- one seconds, even after having competed in six other events. In spite of Hoff’s easy manner and ap- parently effortless method of doing things that are almost impossible, his chief characteristic is a determination to make a sticcess of anything he undertakes. To work up from a weakly boyhood to a world championship requires courage and patience. Hoff has a large stock of those valuable qualities, and he has used them in his work as well as in his sport. N STARTING this article, I spoke of Charles Hoff as an ambassador from the youth of Norway to the youth of America. He is more than that: He is an ambassador of success to those who seek it. He is living proof that the qualities which win success in one field of endeavor will win it in another—that if you give to your job, whatever it may be, the same painstaking effort that Hoff gave to his job of mastering the intricacies of pole-vaulting form, you will make as great a success of your job as he has of his. In Hoff’s mind, there always is a pic- ture of a pair of vaulting standards with the bar set higher than it ever has been set before. When he achieves one record breaking height, he shoves this mental bar up another few inches. He would not be the great champion that he is if in this mental picture the bar were set at a height easy to clear. MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION t the left is a view of my eaceee and — specification offices where a large staff of experienced experts are in My constant employ. All drawings and specifications are prepared under my per- sonal super- ¢ vision. thousands of applications for patents are filed in the U. Office. another). In such a case, application filed. sometimes mean the loss of a patent. Strict Secrecy Pre- served—Write Me in Confidence All communications, sketches, drawings, ete., are held in strictest confidence in strong, steel, fireproof files, which are accessible only to authorized members of my staff. Feel free to write me fully and frankly. Your case will have my personal attention. It is probable that I can help you. Highest references. But FIRST— clip the coupon and get my free book. Do THAT right now. No Charge for Information on How to Proceed The booklet shown here contains valuable information relating to patent procedure that And with it I will also send you my form, on which you can sketch your idea and establish its date before a witness. evidence may later prove v aluable to you. Simply mail the ee and I will send you the every inventor should have. ’ booklet, and the ‘Record of Invention’ form, together with detailed information on how to proceed and the costs involved. Do this NOW. No need to lose a minute’s time. The coupon will bring you complete infor- mation entirely without charge or obligation. Clarence A. O’Brien Registered Patent Attorney Member of Bar of: Supreme Court of the United States; Court of Appeals, District of Columbia; Supreme Court, District of Columbia; United States Court of Claims. Practice confined exclusively to Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights Take the First Step Today If you have a useful, practical, novel idea for any new article or for an imprcvement on an old one, you should communicate with a competent Registered Patent Attorney AT ONC Frequently two or more applications are made for the same or substantially the same idea (even though the inventors may live in different sections of the country and be entirely unknown to one the burden of proof rests upon the last Delays of even a few days in filing the application So lose no time. with me at once by mailing the coupon below. [eae ‘ O'BRIEN Dito, wncros, ae i SE. Every year S. Patent Get in touch Prompt—Careful Efficient Service This large, experienced organization devotes its entire time and attention to patent and trademark cases. Our offices are directly across the street from the U. S. Patent Office. We understand the technicalities of patent law. We know the rules and re- quirements of the Patent Office. We can proceed in the quickest, safest and best ways in prepar ing an applic ation for a patent covering your idea. Our suecess has been built on the strength of careful, efficient, satisfactory service to inventors and trade- mark owners located in every state in the Union. ‘Record of Invention”’ Such Clarence A. O’Brien Registered Patent Attorney 8898 Security Savings & Com. Bank Bld¢., Washington, D. C. Please send me y our free book, ‘‘How to Obtain a Patent,’ and your ‘Record of Invention” form without any cost or obligation on my part. Name Important: Print or Write name clearly) 123

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124 Aviation! D2 you love adventure? Do you want to make big money? Although aviation is still in its infancy thereisa crying demand for men with courage, nerve, and self-reliance—ambitious men who are looking for anew field. For those who qualify there will be thousands of highly paid jobs. Amazing Opportunity in the Airplane Industry Yes, as yet, aviation is in its infancy, but nowis the time to getin. Inthe automobile industry and Fascinating — in the moving picture D —B business hundreds of men aring ig got rich by getting in at Paying thestart. They madetheir success before others woke up. Think how much avia- tion has progressedinthe Prepare Now for One of These Positions ——— Instructor to $150 per week Aeronautical Engineer $100 to $300 ner neck | last few years. Commer: Aeronautical Contractor cial air lines have already normous profits re > -e 4 Secnitoca Hepa odode proved themselves suc 360 to $75 per week cessful both in Europe Aeroplane Mec and America, Great men predict that in the near future there will be air- freight lines — organiza- sob Assemble tions as large as our rail- 40 to $65 pei ace ae Aeroplane Guilder roads are today. AVIA- $75 to $200 per week TION IS NEW. It clamors for every young man, Be an Aviation Expert $50 to $100 a week The study of aviationis as fascinating as the actual work. Only one hour of spare time a day at home and we teach you the basic training. You will find every lesson packed full of interest. Student S. F. McNaughton, Chicago, says, ‘*Your lessons are like a romance,and what is more, after one reading the student gets a thorough understanding.”? Men who have had actual experience guide you carefully through your training. They select the lessons, lectures, blueprints, and bulletins. Once you start you can’t get enough of it. Here are some real jobs. Which one do you want? Aero- nautical Instructor, Aeronautical Engineer, Aeronautical Contractor, Aeroplane Salesman, Aeroplane Repairman, Aeroplane Mechanician, Aeroplane Inspector, Aeroplane Assembler, Aeroplane Builder. Big Aviation Book FREE __ Send coupon below for our new FREE book just out ene titled,“‘Opportunities in the Airplane Industry.’ It is inter MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION June, 19% esting andinstructive. Get yours before edition is exhausted. | AMERICAN SCHCOL OF AVIATION | Dept.136-A. 3601 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago Sm@ BB SB SB SE SSB SE SES SHB EES ee eee ee ee pg AMERICAN SCHOOL OF AVIATION 5 oe . i I Dept. 136-A 3601S. Michigan Ave., Chicago 1 | Without any obligation send me your free book §| “Opportunities in the Airplane Industry,’’ also infor- 1) i ourse in Practical 1 t mation about your Home Study C § Aeronautics. ~ ' a ' Nar Sere TTT TERT TUTTLE LLL f . ' : g 2ddr¢ abc kees ps bs sh ees os 6eSS ees oe ba bebeunseee i i s ia acu ee a eee SS woeveene 1 sue eee eeeeseaesaeeeseesaaaanaus! His Reaper Feeds the World (Continued from page 16) McCormick was just that kind of man. The arrival of eight orders for reapers from Cincinnati in a single summer con- vinced him that the rolling lands and level plains of the West offered the most prom- ising field for his reaper, so with $300 in his belt, he set out on horseback for the grain country. For three thousand miles he traveled through Ohio, Missouri, Illi- nois, and Wisconsin. “This is the country for my reaper,” he wrote back home. Out where the level fertile fields stretched endlessly, he knew that only machinery could prevent waste of the tremendous crops as they ripened. In Illinois, he was appalled to see farmers turn pigs and cattle loose in the wheat fields. A gigantic crop of 5,000,000 bushels of wheat had swamped the grow- ers. Rather than let it rot, they were feeding it to the stock. OR the first time, McCormick saw Chicago—an ugly, straggling town of 10,000 persons, built on a mud flat, frogs croaking curfew; no railroads, no canals; seemingly a most unpromising place. Yet he could vision here a future thriving center of agriculture and industry. In quick time he was located in Chi- cago, turning out his reapers. The gold rush of °49 gave him a promising start; for thousands of farm hands, joining in the stampede to California, left the farm- ers helpless. In this emergency, McCor- mick supplied them with machines to take the place of human hands. The business of reapers grew and pros- pered, and McCormick’s fame spread not only throughout the states but also across the sea. In England, where he exhibited his machine in 1851} it was derided at first, but eventually it was hailed as a revolutionary invention. HEN the Civil War came, the ma- chine proved an invaluable aid to the North. ‘The reaper,” said Edwin M. Stanton, secretary of war, “is to the North what slavery is to the South. By taking the place of regiments of young men in the western harvest fields, it re- leases them to do battle for the Union at the front, and at the same time keeps up the supply of bread for the nation and the nation’s armies. Thus, without Mc- Cormick’s invention, I fear the North could not win and the Union would be dismembered.” Europe, still reaping its grain by hand, could not understand how America, with every third man at war, and supporting two armies, nevertheless could export to other lands 200,000,000 bushels of wheat. Seldom, if ever, has an inventor so thoroughly “sold” his creation to the public through his own efforts. When public interest seemed to lag, McCormick would load a reaper on a flat car, attach the car to a freight train and ride along with it. Whenever he came to a field of ripe grain, he would stop the train, unload the reaper, reap for an hour or so, and then move on for new fields to conquer. With equal vigor he fought for what he believed to be his rights as an inventor. When a seven year extension of his pat- ent was balked on the ground that an invention of such benefit to the public should be free for all, he carried a bitter fight to the highest court in the land and even to Congress. Only when McCor- mick had exhausted his last legal resource, did he finally admit defeat. UT if “Fighting McCormick” was jealous of his invention, he was equally quick to recognize and adopt im- provements and additions. There was the instance of a bedridden cripple, Jearum Atkins, who, to while away the time, kept a reaper outside his window and drew sketches of it. One day he showed one of these sketches to a friend. “If they would attach two revolving arms like this,” he explained, “there would be no need of a man to rake the cut grain off the platform.” That was the beginning of the Atkins’ self-raker, nicknamed the “iron man.” McCormick saw the value of it at orice, and soon “iron men” rode all of his reapers. Again there was Charles Withington, who as a pale youth had worked in Ohio harvest fields in the summer time, binding corn. His head had whirled under the hot sun as he stooped to pick up the corn. One day, years later, Withington mounted the steps of the handsome McCormick home in Chicago and rang the doorbell timidly. He was admitted to the parlor where Cyrus, big, heavy and dominating, sat in an easy chair. “iy name is Withington,” the visitor said shyly. “I live in Janesville, Wiscon- sin. I have here a model of a machine that will bind grain automatically.” He drew from under his arm a little box. It so happened that McCormick had worked all through the night settling a stiff business problem. The chair was soft, the stranger’s voice soothing. He fell asleep! When he awoke, some time later, he found that the stranger had departed. AD it been a dream? The man had said “bind -grain-automatically.” Just the thing McCormick had been seek- ing for years! Sharply he summoned one of his employees. “Go to Janesville at once,” he ordered. “Find a man named Withington and bring him to Chicago on the first train.” The next day saw Withington back in Chicago, this time to be greeted by a wide-awake man who listened eagerly to every detail. McCormick reapers imme- diately became self-binders. With all his tremendous driving force, with all his mastery over people and things, Cyrus McCormick still remained human. He never lost sight of the fact that others had the right to live and prosper as well as he. To the day of his death, he continued to labor as he had from the beginning. He lived to see half a million of his reapers harvesting the world’s grain, from the steppes of Russia to Peru. He lived to make America known the world over as **the land of the reaper.” June, 192 —— ‘Lig! photos tion, scenes we too a full Tt. into 1 the hi ture t] phere such | their dued Th famili count ot lig N A ister look inac the p anotl tints tures with that It blon take color invis to p mue scree have actu M pres in t] the con C scel Al my Bat ten he cas toy das tie: I lie for hi su le: m

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June, 1926 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION ' Light—First Aid to Movies (Continued from page 17) photographed. In “'The Birth of a Na- tion.” we attempted to photograph valley scenes a half mile below. Growing bolder. we took some pictures showing the valleys a full mile below. It was my pleasure, too, to introduce into motion pictures the “soft focus,” the hazy effect secured by taking a pic- ture through many lenses. It gave atmos- phere to a group, or individual, or object. such as a house or garden. It added to their attractiveness and like a veil sub- dued any defects. Thousands of experiments beget a familiarity with gradations of light. By countless trials I have learned what degree of light is most favorable to an object. NOTHER interesting fact that I have learned is that blue eyes do not reg- ister strongly before the camera. They look pale or white, appearing like holes inacurtain. There is hope, however, for the person whose eyes are blue tinged with another color. Green or gray or yellow tints in them save them for motion pic- tures. Lillian Gish has blue eyes, but with the blue is mingled another color, that saved Miss Gish to the screen. It is much the same with hair. A true blond looks faded unless extreme care is taken to light her hair with particular colors. A touch of red, even if ordinarily invisible to the eve, makes it dark enough to photograph favorably. If there is too much red in light hair, colored silk screens and strong lights from behind have to be used to keep it from appearing actually brunette. Many experiments are being made at present to subdue the powerful lights used in the studio, and I believe that we are on the verge of achieving more comfortable conditions for screen work. Often mimic lovers play their ardent scenes In a temperature of 120 degrees. A love scene was played one summer in my studio by Lillian Gish and Richard Barthelmess in “Way Down East” at a temperature of 127 degrees. The phrase “hot as love in August” understates the case. Walk up the main street of your town at three o'clock on a mid-August day and you will understand the difficul- ties of such love making. HOPE that cold light will soon replace the super-hot ones. Maude Adams be- lieves that in her experiments she has found cold light. I hope she has. It will make action more effective. It will in- sure acting in comfortable conditions, at least in the studios. menace to health and efficiency of screen players. The hard lights cause many cases of what we term “ Kleig eyes.” So amazing has been the progress in lighting, such delicate effects can be ob- tained with it, that makeup is being abandoned in the studio. Betty Bronson, Alice Terry, Mary Brian, Theodore Rob- erts, Wallace Beery and Jane Novak all act now without masks of cosmetics, and others are fast following their lead. A good sults than a table full of grease paints. The powerful lights are the greatest: lighting crew, they say, can get better re- PATENTS TRADE-MARKS DESIGNS FOREIGN PATENTS MUNN @& CO. PATENT ATTORNEYS Assnciated since 1846 with the Scientific American 683 WOOLWORTH BUILDING 522 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BLDG. | New York City Washington, D. C. 1311 TOWER BUILDING 664 HOBART BUILDING |! Chicago, Ill, San Francisco, Cal. 519 VAN NUYS BUILDING Los Angeles, Cal. +) 3 5. Lai] Books and Information on Patents and Trade Marks By Request. Associates in All Foreign Countries. | " Women make good money in spare time at home this new way ANY home women make $10 to $15 a * week simply tracing designs and painting patterns on giftwares and art objects. Society women follow it as ahobby. Fire- side Industries, a national Mrs. Miller, OP@anization of homework- of Ohio, says: €1S, teaches simple decora- “He : t tion by new method. Ar- finished iesson Hit 8 outfit furnished i i. out extra cost. ain ania sola: experience needed. Your DECORATE ready. 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126 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION I could see the longing in his eyes as he said “Good Luck, Bill’ “T’Lt never forget the day I left the office to start on my first trip. “The boys all crowded ’round. I could see the longing in ‘Bookkeeper Bill’ Simpson’s eyes. Poor fellow! be a salesman. He’d always wanted to “IT thought I’d be held down to an office job all my life too, because I could see that the firm didn’t think I knew how to sell. “The Sales Manager told me that he would never have considered me at all if he hadn’t heard that I was studying at home through the International Correspon- dence Schools. “I figure that I’ve made $4500 already by taking that course. For that’s the differ- ence in salary it has meant to me in the last three years.” Why don’t you take up a course with the I. C. S. and show the firm that you are worth more money? There’s nc better way to get ahead than to study with this oldest and largest correspondence school in the world. Isn’t it better to do this today than to put it off as “Bookkeeper Bill” Simpson did? Mail the Coupon for Free Booklet eee ee eee INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS Box 7696-D, Scranton, Penna. Oldest ana largest correspondence schools in the world Without cost, please tell me how I can qualify for the position or in the subject before which I have marked an X; BUSINESS TRAINING COURSES Business Management Industrial Management Personnel Organization Traffic Management Banking and Banking Law Salesmanship Advertising Better Letters Show Card Lettering Stenography and Typing Business English Accountancy (including C.P.A,) Civil Service Private Secretary Business Law Nicholson Cost Accounting Bookkeeping Common School Subjects Railway Mail Clerk High School Subjects Spanish (0 French Illustrating TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL COURSES Electrical Engineering [) Architect Electric Lighting | |Architects’ Blueprints Mechanical Engineer [| }Contractor and Builder Mechanical Draftsman | jArchitectural Draftsman Machine Shop Practice [}Concrete Builder Railroad Positions [JStructural Engineer Gas Engine Operating [iChemistry ([) Pharmacy Civil Engineer [ jAutomobile Work Surveying and Mapping |} Airplane Engines Metallurgy 0 Mining [j Agriculture and Poultry Steam Engineering [J] Radio [J Mathematics NAMO...cccrecccccesccesscsccrmcccescoseccoscsessocessooensn essere ssonenses . Street 6-26-25 ACGrOSB.......c0eessseneceserereneenesenecsssnanesanneseneeeenenarsecseseeaeasesaneeses I oa sceeseusenmowevensioamesnieed I icusiosuniuisetiiciniistiiaitibuianeeie Dec#wpstion.............-.2..02+--000- Sdekeriacbsates satesobepipbetebsaabbineeensiesss If yc reside in Canada, send this coupon to the Interna- tional Correspondence Schoole Canadian Limited, Montreal FASCINATING WORK RAILWAYS Employ Our GRADUATES or we refund your money Easy to Prepare For Hundreds of graduate Traffic Inspectors have been hired for healthful, interesting, outdoor work, traveling near home or about the U. S. Report confidentially to chief transportation executives; many advance- ment chances. ° Start at $28 to $40 weekly, expenses paid: with experience wages often advance to $250 monthly. If after completing course, you are not offereda posi- tion, we will refund every cent youhavepaid. Spare- time, home study pre- pares you in afew weeks; inexpensive; terms al- lowed. Write for FREE Booklet No. D-64. STANDARD BUSINESS TRAINING INST. Buffalo, N. Y Can You Solve Them? (Continued from page 34) them to try the solution on a circular piece of paper, I cannot say. In this case, publication of the diagram made everything peaceful. In undertaking the solution of a puzzle, you should first make sure that you un- derstand the terms fully. Read and re- read them. If the puzzle is presented ina single question, all the more reason why its full import and probable subtleties should be grasped. Investigate the problem patiently and rationally. Aim- less trials result in hopeless entanglement. This is rather prosy advice, but it is sur- prising how many inexperienced puzzlers go off half-cock, as it were, jumping at conclusions and looking for hit-or-miss leads to the solution. T IS my experience that the popularity of puzzles, with respect to kind and character, cannot be predicted, or dic- tated, with any more assurance than can be foretold the vogue of any fad of man- kind. Iam frank to admit that the cross- word rage was a complete surprise to me. Yet it is not difficult to account for the lure of the checkered word-snares. The cross-word puzzle is cast in that most universal of thought media—lan- guage; so that everybody qualifies at least in the rudiments of the game. It invites us to exercise with familiar tools—words —with which we all delight to demon- strate our skill. Likewise, a cross-word puzzle is easier to solve, generally, than the common run of brain teasers—mathe- matical puzzles, for example. It pos- sesses, too, a characteristic that is found in every popular form of puzzle—it is un- raveled step by step as a succession of interlocking clews ts mastered. The higher types of puzzles, involving mathematics, mechanical principles, logic and other academic knowledge, yield, of course, only to nice methods and precise thinking; but even the simpler puzzles exact concentration and keen inspection. Slipshod tactics will not reach the solu- tion of any worth-while puzzle. ROBABLY the most ingenious of all puzzles are those that cannot be solved by familiar scholastic methods, but call rather for originality of thought, in- genuity and cleverness. I have seen many a college graduate strain and fail over a tricky puzzle that was solved readily by a bright child, for in some mental proc- esses the native, naturally alert faculties will outstrip the polished intellect of the scholar. Mathematics, logic, language, history and other subjects of the school or college curriculum are taught most engagingly through the medium of puzzles, and I firmly believe that practice in puzzling should be given to every child. Not only are there no stupids in the world of puzzledom, but in school and civil service examinations, as well as in the active battles of life, the puzzle- trained mind more than holds its own. Turn to the next page for solutions to the Sam Loyd puzzles which appeared in last month’s issue. | | June, 1926 Statement of Ownership, Management, Circulation etc., required by the Act of Congress of August 24, 1913 of Popular Science Monthly, published monthly at New York, N. Y., for April 1, 1926, State of New York County of New York, ss. Before me, a notary public in and for the State and county aforesaid, personally ap- peared O. B. Capen, who, having been duly sworn ae- cording to law, deposes and says that he is the Business Manager of Popular Science Monthly and that the fol- lowing is, to the best of his knowledge and belief, a true Statement of the ownership, management, etc., of the aforesaid publication for the date shown in the above caption, required by the Act of August 24, 1912, embodied in Section 411, Postal Laws and Regulations, printed on the reverse of this form to wit: 1. That the names and addresses of the publisher, editor, managing editor, and business managers are: Pub- lisher, Popular Science Publishing Co., Inc., 250 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y., Editor, Sumner N. Blossom, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y., Managing Editor, Sumner N. Blossom, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y.; Business Manager, O. B. Capen, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 2. That the owners are: Popular Science Publishing Company, Inc., 250 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Stockholders of Popular Science Publishing Company, Inc., Henry J. Fisher, 22 William Street, New York, N. Y.; Oliver B. Capen, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y.; Robert Cade Wilson, 683 Springfield Avenue, Summit, N. J.; L. B. Tunison, 6 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill.; A. L. Cole, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y.; Godfrey Hammond, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y.: Sumner N. Blossom, 250 Fourth Ave., New York, N. Y.; John Nichols, 250 Fourth Ave., New York, N. Y. 3. That the known bondholders, mortgagees and other security holders own- ing or holding 1 per cent or more of the total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities are: none. 4. That the two paragraphs next above, giving the names of the owners, stockholders and security holders, if any, contain not only the list of stockholders and security holders as they appear upon the books of the company, but also, in cases where the stockholder or security holder appears upon the books of the company as trustee or in any other fiduciary relation the name of the person or corporation for whom such trustee is acting, is given; also that the said two paragraphs contain statements embracing affiant’s full knowledge and belief as to the circumstances and conditions under which stockholders and security holders who do not appear upon the books of the company as trustees, hold stock and securities in a capacity other than that of a bona fida owner, and this affiant has no reason to believe that any other person, association, or corporation has any interest direct or indirect in the said stocks, bonds, or other securities than as so stated by him. (Signed) O. B. Capen, Business Manager, Sworn to and subscribed before me this 20th day of March 1926. David Wolff, Notary Public, Bronx County, Certificate filed in New York County. (Seal) My Commission expires March 30, 1926. Course for men of ambi- tion and limited time. s E i e ctr l cal Over 4000 men trained. Condensed course in Theoretical and Practical Elec- trical s s 3 ng i neering ly related subjects of Mathematics and Mechanical Drawing taught by experts. Students construct motors, install wiring, test electrical machinery. Complete Course. in One Year Prepare for your profession in the most Interesting city in the world. School established 1893. Send for catalog. BLISS ELECTRICAL SCHOOL 406 Takoma Ave., Washington, D. C. including the close- Many Agents Earn A Week Selling Shirts. Others Earning $100 Weekly selling direct to wearer. Custom Quality Shirts made by Carlton, 5th Ave., N. Y. America’s greatest shirt values, silks, Biaples and exclusive pat- terns. We deliver and collect. Your profit: 25%, oe daily. Big, beautiful sample out- fit FREE. Permanent position. Salesmen and Saleswomen write today for outfit. CARLTON MILLS, INC., 98 FIFTH AVE. Dept. 86-D NEW YORK Make Your Mind an index #% from which you select facts, & figures, names, faces. De- ‘ velop concentration, se control: overcome bashful- ness, forgetfulness. Write today for F memory % . and concentration test and illustrated booklet, **How to Remember.’’ PROF. HENRY DICKSON Dept. 929, Evanston, Ill. !“STAMMERING | fs use and Gire % You can be quickly cured if you stammer. Send 10 cents, coin or stamps, for 288 page cloth bound book on Stammering and Stuttering. It tells how I cured myself after Stammering and Stuttering for 20 years. BEN e g@ 7530 Rogue Bidg.. 1147 N.1.St. Indianapolis # Have You An INVENTION? Ifso the WORLD PROGRESS will send you upon request sample copy Free containing Suggestions to Inventors as to Inventions Needed. 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AGENTS $10,000 a Year | IMMEDIATE.Tremendous profits sell- ing this revolutionary invention to car owners, arages,Service Stations, etc. Earn 10,000 a year with exclusive ter- vi our name and address brings pare y F — by =o mail. pong wy before jomeone territory you GF.JONNSON &CO., 15W. Rickson Blvd. ’Dept.171, “chicago, U.S.A. arn to Moun PE ar Try iililiiiii iii} Learn at home to mount birds, ani- mals, game heads; tan furs, make rugs and robes. Complete lessons. Easily and quickly learned by men, boys and women. Prke for Free Taxiderm: no ok. Tell t3 all Ivabout i. r , and Nature lover sea atoreme. wonde er m ful fascinating A-178 j, Northwestern School of Taxiderm A178 Eland Bl Ora, ek, AGENTS 500% PROFIT GENUINE GOLD LEAF LETTERS, Guaranteed to never tarnish. Anyone can put them on stores and office windows. Enormous demand, large profits, Paul Clark says: smallest day $28.70. R.L. Reel made $920 in two months. Write today for free sample and liberal offer to general agents. 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The in- genious fellow at the left-hand side solved the difficulty by laying one of his pipes under his neighbor’s house. Rather a cheeky proceeding, but still warranted by the conditions of the problem, which, as you will recall, stated merely that no | pipes should cross. The Clock Puzzle Here is shown how the dial may be divided into four parts, while observing the rule that each of the four parts shall contain numbers to foot up to a like total—in this case 20. Cutting IX into I and X does the trick. The Magic Square 27 29 This is the re- versal of the Magic Square principle,as asked for in last month’s issue. 3 is The rows, col- 4 6 / umns and diag- onals in this square produce eight different totals. Did you find the right solution? The Age of Ann At one time Mary was three times as old as Ann, so let us call Ann’s age at that time x and Mary’s 3x. Thus the differ- ence in their ages must be 2x. When Ann will be three times as old as Mary was at that time, then her age will be 92. Then when Mary was half as old as Ann at that time, her age would be 41x, and Ann would be 24%r. Mary is now twice as old as Ann was at that time, or 5x, and Ann must be 32. Their combined ages equal 44 vears, so we have the — tion 8x equals 44, and x equals 5%. and Ann Therefore, Mary is now 2714 is 1614 vears. 127 I need YOU with 100 firms BEGGING ME to send them more DRAFTSMEN. Many offer to take BEGINNERS, at $50 a WEEK. Graduates can start at $90 and $100! GET BUSY! Drafting is the BIG field, men. Every in- dustry you can name BEGINS with the draftsman. Without mechanical drawings —by the thousands—every shop in the land would be STOPPED. In fact, it is the SERIOUS SHORTAGE of draftsmen that brings this offer: J will furnish all instruments, supplies, even to the table, to those who startnowl! Don’t give PAY AS YOU GO Pers, sive cuse that you have no ready money for this golden opportunity. I am not so interested in cash; I want your application. I want at least 200 men to start right now. I want them ready to recommend by. Spring! We will get a flood of letters saying “‘send us draftsmen,’’ from every sort of industrial and engineering concern, and we must make good. The first week’s pay envelope of many a Dobe-trained draftsman has held enough to cover the entire cost of the course! Most students learn evenings, keeping on with their old work until ready to step into some- body’s drafting room. The first. month equips you to take on simple drafting jobs on the side. It helps you learn; I gladly permit this. Well-Paid Positions Every Way You Turn A draftsman soon forgets the days when he used to wonder where to get a job. In- stead, he asks “‘What line of work interests me most?”’? And “What part of the country suits me best?’’ Twenty of my graduates went to Florida this year; three are in Japan; last month one wrote me from Ceylon. 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AUDEL & CO. 65 W. 23rd St., N. Y. Please submit for examination Hawkins Electrical Guides (Price $1 each). Ship at once, prepaid, the 10 numbers. If satisfactory I will agree to send you $1 within seven days and to further mail you $1 each month until paid. STUART'S PLAPAO - PADS are different from the truss, being medicine applicators made self-adhesive pur- — to hold the distended yuscles securely in place. wo straps, buckles or spring attached—cannot slip, so cannot chafe orpress against he pubic bone. Thousands have successfully treated themselves at home without hindrance from work—most obstinate cases Conquered. Using a Truss Grand Prix. Soft as velvet—easy to apply—Inexponsive, Awarded Gold Medal and Grand Process of recovery is matural, so afterwards no further use for trusses. We prove it by sending Trial of Plapao absolutely FREE Write name on Coupon and send TODAY. Plapao Co., 790 Stuart Bidg., St. Louis, Mo. NaMe..+-cccccscecccccee: vescvccsscssccccverscsecccscosesess AGAPEES .ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccecveceesocoeococcce Return mail will bring Free Trial Plapa0........ssesseeees , [Made In FiveHours —Writes Peter Werner, III. Sell Madison “Better - Made” Shirts for Large Manufacturer Direct to wearer. No capital or experience needed. Many earn $100.00 weekly and bonus. Write for Free Samples MADISON SHIRT M’FRS, 662 Broadway, New York A Foe Man Has Yet to Beat (Continued from page 23) diseases, gases are all still in nearly the’ same class with tom-cats. It is, however, exceedingly important that the war on rats be kept up. They are a constant threat to public health. Plagues caused by rats have ravaged the world; rats are the only means of dissem- inating bubonic plague. The economic damage rats cause is beyond estimate; it ranges from disastrous fires to railroad wrecks and hundreds of spoiled cargoes a year. FEW years ago, on a certain after- noon, the signals of a railroad tower in New Jersey suddenly went mad. Green lights shéwed where red should have; red turned up when the button for green was pressed. The danger to life and property at that critical moment may well be imagined. An investigation hurriedly made dis- closed that a dozen or more wires in a lead-sheathed cable had been short-cir- cuited. A hole as big as a half dollar had been gnawed through the sheathing, the insulation, and actually into the wires by the teeth of a rat. This instance recalls a queer character- istic of these rodents. They seem to enjoy nibbling at materials utterly inedible, ap- parently in wantonness, like walls, floors, furniture, wiring, water pipes, and even concrete. Dr. Williams explains this fact thus: “The rat is always hungry, and he’s con- stantly nibbling at something. He always wants to eat. And when he isn’t eating he’s sharpening his pronglike front teeth, which are very sharp and very wonderful. For instance, I know a case of a New Orleans rat«that cut a hole four inches by three through a piece of slate flashing. . HERE’S neither taste nor nourish- ment to slate flashing. Why they attack such things we don’t quite know. We’re not fully satisfied with the explana- tion that it’s to keep their teeth sharp- ened. “Rats don’t like coffee. And yet they do untold damage on coffee ships. I re- member a coffee ship that came here from Santos with twenty thousand bags on board, all carefully graded and sorted. When that boat arrived in this country, after only twenty-two days at sea, every bag was cut, some slashed as with a knife. We fumigated and got every rat. We got one hundred and four. See the damage done by a small colony in a com- paratively short space of time. The eco- nomic loss there was enormous. “We had another coffee ship here on which one rat ate its way clear across the boat through forty sacks of coffee, each one of which was ruined.” It’s difficult to fight rats, according to Dr. Williams, because they are much like man. They like to live together, they play and fight with each other, they turn on common enemies. Sometimes they roam. Sometimes they migrate with their chil- dren and sometimes without. A thousand were once found in one Egyptian house; 10,000 in a granary. But they don’t seem to have any definite form of government, or to bow to any recognizable form of leadership. They're like humans, according to Dr, Williams: individualistic. He’s examined 20,000,000 of them and he ought to know, Incidentally, the biggest one he ever saw was captured in New Orleans; it was eighteen inches long from the tip of its nose to the tip of its tail, and it weighed 780 grams. There are two distinct kinds of rats: brown rats and black or roof rats. The brown rat (which came into Europe by swimming the River Volga in 1727, reaching England a year later, and Amer- ica not very long afterward) lives in the open. He is heavier and fiercer than the roof rat which he drives away. He is utterly fearless and fights ferociously when cornered. A cat will leave a full- grown Norway rat severely alone. These heavy rats have been known to attack children. OOF rats are smaller, less ferocious, less hardy than their brown kin. They like to live in rafters. They are ex- tremely agile, and move about like so many acrobats. They are dangerous to health, for they carry infected fleas which drop off them as they scamper about. Although the campaign of extermina- tion of the rat has not been an unqualified success, still some progress is being made. Thanks in a great measure to the work of the United States public health service, shipping is getting rid of rats. Steel structure in place of wooden is helping, as is also the fumigation required every six months by law. Throughout the country, the Depart- ment of Agriculture is fighting rats, less as a menace to health than as an economic liability. Here again progress is being made. The cities are much freer of rats than they used to be, partly as a result of steel and concrete construction. New York, for instance, is considered by Dr. Wil- liams not to be heavily rat-infested. The southern cities are the American danger spots, he holds, because the climate is so friendly to rats. Coastal cities are in con- stant danger. UT one does not wonder that the rat problem is not easy to solve when instances such as those that follow are fair examples of their brilliance, nimble- ness, wit, and ingenuity. In Beaumont, Tex., a center of rice cul- tivation, part of the year the residents have trouble with rats in their homes, stores, and warehouses. But once the rice season starts, they find themselves free of the pests. The rats migrate to the fields. Like an army on parade, they march to the rice fields, eat themselves through a comfortable and pleasant vacation, and when the season is over go back to town. Dr. Williams and others who have studied rats have watched this migration. They have seen rats come from town and swim moats to the rice fields. He has watched rats swim twenty feet under water in these (Continued on page 129) June 25K

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MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION 129

A Foe Man Has Yet to Beat (Continued from page 128) moats and come up directly in front of a burrow into which they’d scamper. Eggs are a rare delicacy for rats, and they steal them whenever they can. Crates of eggs in the. basement of a grocery store were consistently raided. The raiders were obviously rats. So a special platform was built for these egg crates, and placed away from the wall on shiny and slippery iron pipes, so that it seemed impossible for rats to reach them. Still the depredations continued. Fi- nally the grocer and several keen students of rats hid themselves in the basement to watch developments. HINGS were quiet a short time when suddenly a huge rat appeared. He seemed somewhat of a rat personage, strong and sleek and rather smart in man- ner. He looked around, sniffed, and squeaked. Another rat appeared. Then more and more, just a score in all. The first rat, who seemed a leader, scampered up an easy runway and reached the top of a gas meter under the ceiling. With a spring he jumped, and landed on the stand near the egg crates. Others followed until all twenty rats were on the stand. Then some of them formed a chain by linking their legs together. The watchers were spellbound. And the rats, silently and efficiently, began lifting eggs from the crate and carrying them down the chain and into rat holes, returning for more. In forty minutes a crate stood empty. A friend of Dr. Williams told him the following story, protesting it wouldn't be believed. Dr. Williams believes it without the slightest hesitancy. The man kept eggs on his dining room table. Every day one would disappear, and he couldn’t understand how. Finally he determined to watch. He hid himself. Soon a big Norway rat came into the room, looked around cautiously and sniffed. Then he boldly seampered up the leg of the dining room table, and went to the dish containing the eggs. In his fore paws he lifted one, put it in his arms, and walked backward to the edge of the table. Suddenly, at the edge of the table, he lifted himself up and threw himself off backward. With a dull thud he landed on the floor, got up nonchalantly, held his precious and uninjured egg in one front paw, and made off with it. HE cleverness of rats is well illustrated by the experience of a Chicago builder. He tore down ten old residences to make room for a big apartment house, which was to be the last word in fireproof and insect-proof construction. But no sooner was his building occupied than the ten- ants began to complain of rats. Investigation showed that the old resi- dences that were torn down had been infested with rats. They had to move, and they plainly didn’t like it. While the new apartment was being built, the evicted rats lived as best they could, “camped out” among friendly neighbors, lived in lumber piles, in cellars and sewers. But no sooner did the new building go up. than they went back home.

Are You Afraid to Face the | ruth AboutY ourself? There are occasions in the life of every man when he realizes how miserably he has fallen below what others had ex- pected of him and what he had dreamed for himself. The “big”? man faces the truth, and does something about it. The ‘little’ man finds an excuse for his failure, and does noth- ing. What are your answers when you ask yourself ques- tions like these?

Am I not drifting along aimlessly? What, after all, is my purpose in life? Am I trusting too much to chance to bring me success? What is my greatest weak point? Is it lack of will, poor memory, mental laziness, mind-wan- dering, or what? Am I “licked”’ by life, am I a ‘‘quitter’’? What can I do, now, to ‘‘find myself’’? How 550,000 People Have ‘Found’? Themselves Through Pelmanism Pelmanism is a scientific system of mind-training; it takes the well-established principles of psychology, simplifies them so that they can be understood by every- body, and arranges them into a really remarkable system, which is designed to 7e-arouse and to train certain mental faculties, which in most of us lie absolutely dormant and atrophied. What It Has Done Pelmanism originated in Great Britain. Members of the royal family, leading statesmen, distinguished mili- tary and naval officers, world-famous authors, artists, actors, editors and publicists, leaders in industry and finance, people of the highest distinction in the Empire— became just as enthusiastic Pelmanists as clerks and “‘tommies’’ and day-laborers. When the movement spread to America the same story was repeated—captains of industry and finance, men of affairs, jurists, writers, leading business men, pro- fessional people of all types—adopted Pelmanism as en- thusiastically as wage-earners and college students. And now, over 550,000 people in every part of the world, men and women usually of the highest type of intelligence, have adopted and use Pelmanism to help them “find themselves.”’ Send for Free Book When people like General Sir Robert Baden-Powell: Judge Ben B. Lindsey, Frank P. Walsh, Major Genera Sir Frederick Maurice, Admiral Lord Beresford, T. P. O'Connor, H. R. H. Prince Charles of Sweden, Jerome K. Jerome, George Lunn, Sir Harry Lauder and thou- sands of others equally famous find that there is ‘‘some- thing in Pelmanism,”’ can you afford to ignore its possi- bilities for you? We will be glad to send you, without charge, a book called “Scientific Mind-Training.”’ This tells the com- plete story of Pelmanism, what it is and what it does; it is filled with stories—some of them almost unbelievable —of people whose lives have been completely made over by Pelmanism. To send for this book involves you in no obligation. The Pelman Institute of America (Approved as a Correspondence School under the laws of the State of New York) ; Suite 876, 19 W. 44th St., New York, N. Y. Cee 8 ee Ee ee OE OU GU UG UO UG Ue SE UR EY The Pelman Institute of America, 19 W. 44th St., Suite 876, New York City. I want you to show me what Pelmanism has actually done for over half a million people. Please send me your free book, ‘‘Scientific Mind-Training."’ This places me under no obligation whatever. RB sa ahi eat Ni os hy aot ob Oe eae hore, Se RS a .

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Its exclusive features are endless and dominating. MAIL THIS BIG PAY COUPON As a test of your ambition, your nerve, and your curiosity, mail that coupon below for the Weldon Plan of Approach. And if you're the investigating type, it costs you only two cents to gratify your curiosity. At any rate you can’t lose anything by tearing a piece of paper. Let’s have some action. WELDON MFG. CO. Dept. 6-G Grand Rapids Michigan Weldon Mfg. Co. Dept. 6-G, Grand Rapids, Mich. “| | | Yes, send me details of your offer. | | | | ee ere vs | | Address . | | ( ity “tate . | 1 _/ | &@ MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION What Your Hand Tells a Palmist (Continued from page 22 in heated discussion. One stressed his re- marks by gesturing with open hand. The other reached over, and, tapping his friend on the arm with a closed fist, cautioned: “Keep your mouth shut; word about it.” As I left the car, the first speaker was still expostulating with widespread palms; the second was still cautioning silence with closed fist. Fingers that spread apart when the hand is opened are said to be signs of an independent spirit that refuses to be governed by conventions. What use have you made of your tal- ents? What defects of character have you succeeded in overcoming? A reading of both hands together, palmists aver, will supply the answer, since the left is supposed to hold the marks of inherited attributes, while the corresponding lines in the right reveal the use you have made of them. don’t say « S AN illustration, examine the hands at the top of page 22. You will see that the head line on the left hand is just a normal one. But in the right there is a greater development. It extends clear across the palm. These are the hands of a young woman, who, born in humble circumstances, worked her way through college and, entirely through her own efforts, has made conspicuous success in newspaper work. The character that made this success possible, palmists would say, is strikingly revealed in her hand. I saw recently another pair of hands that by all the rules of palmistry told of neglected opportunities. This man’s left hand showed an excellent head line; the right was very weak by comparison. Early in life he got into a business rut, and, lacking the will to draw himself out —the first phalange of the thumb was rather small—he stagnated. A_ short time ago, however, he summoned the nerve to start from the bottom in another business, HE phalanges are said to have their meanings, too. If the first domi- nates, intuition is strong; the second, logic; the third, as explained above, mate- rial desi is, a desire to get along in the world. The joints also exert their influence The upper row—those between the first and second phalanges—signify to the palmist mental order; the lower, material. Look for the latter in the person who al- ways has his clothes neatly hung on forms; whose shoes are always polished. A combination of prominent upper and lower joints is believed to be indicative of calm consideration, mental balance. For example, a person with well-developed joints and a strong first phalange of the thumb will think things out logically, and, having arrived at a decision, will put it into effect. But if the phalange of the will is short, he will have great difficulty in making up his mind. He will lack the courage to carry out his plans. When the joints of the fingers are June, 1926 ™ smooth, the subject should be of an artis. | tic temperament. That covers in a general way what palmists say about the shape of the hands and fingers. Now for the lines. HE ideal formation of the heart line is found when it starts under Jupiter and has two branches of equal length. That, I am told, is the sign of a steadfast, loyal person. When it has its beginning under Saturn, the influence of that finger is exerted on the heart to the extent of making it melancholy, and. at times selfish. The line should extend to the Apollo finger. Excessive length is an indication of jealousy. The line should be fairly broad and deep, and not too red, as that betrays passion. A normally developed head line should | reach to a point under Saturn. runs all the way across the palm to the outside of the hand, great mentality is present, it is said; and when the line bends toward the mount of the Moon the subject is possessed of imagination. A turn toward the heart line, however, dis- closes that the heart rules the head. In a few hands, the heart and head lines are combined. The ordinary interpreta- tion of this is great coldness of heart. But in a hand that in every other respect is good, it may indicate business ability. ROM the life line palmists gage your span on the earth. Most of them read it from the top, but some say that the start should be made at the wrist, on the ground that the little ailments of infancy and early childhood account for the irregularity of the line at the base. An absolute break in the line is re- garded as a death sign, but it should be determined with absolute certainty that no connection exists between the breaks. Tiny egg-shaped islands hooked into the line like beads in a string are signs of illnesses, but if these, in turn, are enclosed in rectangles, the harm is offset. Examine the hand closely and see if there is another line higher up on the mount of Venus, running approximately parallel to the line of life. This is known as the line of Mars. If present, the sub- ject should feel elated. It acts, says palmistry, as a support, carrying the possessor through illnesses, even breaks in the life line. I saw a remaskable in- stance of that in the hand of a young woman. Since birth this girl has been an invalid. When it | She has gone through periods of terrible | suffering. In her life line are breaks that | would lead the palmist to conclude she | had died several deaths. But her hand holds a line of Mars that is as strongly marked as the average life line. When the life and head lines are joined | for quite a distance, a weak hand is said to be made weaker. The reverse is also true; when the lines are widely sepa- | | | rated, the subject will be of an independent | mind; and, when very widely spaced, arrogant. this respect. It is particularly interesting | to compare right and left hands _ in | (Continued on page 131) | June, is Ct Mey: most Studi trainir ing ov advert open struc Get We h rupture free a § kind of to senc have ev springs to actu days, 01 about a quarter place. this fr remark lighi and tric: accc tric PO Pa wik it f. Earn wu Photog college mand f Il. Co!

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What Your Hand Tells (Continued from page 130) The line of fate, as I explained earlier, may begin in various places. One that starts from the center of the palm indi- cates, we are told, a late start on life’s work. A line that wobbles, or breaks off in places only to pick up again, is inter- preted as a sign that the subject has had great difficulty in settling on his career. Conversely, palmists say that a person who starts early in life with a definite object in view and permits nothing to balk him, will have a bold, straight line straight up from the base of the hand. All this relates to the right hand. Here, again, you will find it fascinating to compare the two hands. Returning to a contemplation of the right fate line, you will be able to deduce still more from its position on the hand. Should it be entirely free from the life line, toward the outside of the hand, it is read as an indication that the person’s fate is dependent upon outside sources, as, for example, an actor or a writer. If it starts with the life line—in the same way that the other end of the life line may be joined with the head line—the subject has mapped out his own career. But if it takes off from the mount of Venus, crossing the line of life, an impor- tant event is foretold at the meeting. HE square and coarse hands are more likely to have the fate line clearly marked than the artistic, palmists say. The line of Apollo strengthens, it is said, the reading of that finger, and gives aid to the line of fate. Many little lines running parallel to it show diversity of talent. When the marking continues up the finger and ends in a star, it is supposed to be a sign of genius. Sarah Bernhardt’s hand was so marked. A normally developed mount of Venus indicates to the palmist a healthy iove interest and a fondness for the arts. In excess, it renders the subject vain and sensual. A person possessed of little or no feeling will have an insignificant mount. The mount of the Moon is regarded as the seat of the imagination. It will be large in persons of a sentimental, dreamy nature. Note carefully whether the head line curves toward the Moon, and if you | find such to be the case you may assume with the support of palmistry that the subject has a vivid imagination. Horizontal lines under the Mercury finger, starting almost on the side of the hand, are sometimes read as affairs of the heart. Many palmists, however, do not place great faith in that interpretation. In general, the more lined the hand is, the more complex the individual. Inter- esting persons, palmists say, will be found to have strongly marked hands. The foregoing covers briefly, the high spots of palmistry. It is sufficient, how- ever, to enable you to make tests and to judge whether palmistry is an exact science. I went into it a decided skeptic. Have I been converted? Really, I don't know. This is the first of a remarkable series of articles by Mr. White. The next will tell what he has learned about handwriting and character.

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. v) 1 ¥ yy a Y e Y Your home in || CLEVELAND || \ Your home there, to be Y perfect, should be in the center of theatre, shopping, and business y districts. It should be Y f on all the main motor Y Y routes, and have com- Y plete garage facilities y too. It should have a Y y popular-priced Coffee Y y Shop served by the Y same kitchen as the luxurious main dining Yy room. It should have y + 600 large, outside y y rooms, all with bath. y Its rates should be from three dollars. + The service goes with- y + out saying. We mean y + the Winton, of course. y J. L. FREE, President W. STILES KOONES y Managing Director \ ¥ ¥. { Ww HOTEL | Yy ¥ - Cleveland i 1 [| PROSPECT AT NINTH Ul ca a 3 COPY THIS SKETCH and let me see what youcan do with it. Cartoonists trained by this school are earning from $50.00 to $200.00 or more per week. The i zandon Picture Chart Method of romeo ar makes original drawing easy tolearnat home in sparetime. send sketch with 6c in stamps for full information and sample chart to test your ability. Please state age. E LANDON SCHOOL 1451 National Bldg. CLEVELAND. 0. LY Begin ‘touay—wrice tor my kREE BOOK, I can make a good penman of you at home during spare time. ree for my FREE BOOK, ‘‘HowtoBecome an.’’It contains specimens and tells red ee by the Tamblyn ame will be elegantly apts ona ‘ou oe stamp to pay posta ey for ‘book \Z1 F. W. TAMBLYN, 437 Ridge Bldg., Kansas City, U. S.A. /rite to- Many earn $3,000 to $10,000 a ag eh spare time. Also earn while yo jothing else like it. Send at once 3 ‘tree book. cy pp ties in Modern Photography’’ and full particulars. wie” nT now TERNATIONAL STUDIOS, Inc. can 136-A 3601 Michigan Ave., Chicago, U.S.A. 7 "7 200 10500 Instant Weld Welds Rubber Instant!y A New Scientific Principle without heat or cement. Instantly repairs punctures or blowouts. Better—Quicker—Fasier than § vuleanizing. ONCE ON—ALWAYS ON. Every auto owner is a prospect. Repeat orders sure. Big profits. Appoint sub- agents. Write For Free Sample Today. Tourists Pride Manufacturing Co. Desk 55-F Minneapolis, Minn. Bigs rpebed en quickly tt uni- Special MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION June, 19% feet. The ordinary ruler serves for such dimensions, but for detail reading we find it convenient to have a scale rule like this, which is marked with four differ- ent scales, one eighth, one fourth, one half and one inch, all being equivalent to one foot. Of course we don't mix the scales on the same drawing. You notice the close divisions in each scale, so that we can draw in its right proportion a molding that is to be only two inches thick.” “If I can keep thinking that a plan is like a road map, as vou said,” observed Grace, “perhaps I can understand.” RACE read a piece somewhere,” said Hal, “about people who didn’t know much about it and vet planned their own houses. She thought I might try.” “There is something in the idea,” com- mented the architect. “If you don’t carry it all the way through, you are bound to learn something useful. I ad- vise my clients to practice with the scale rule and plan as much as they will or can. Then we get together on an intelli- gent basis, talking the same language, so to speak. So I'd say to you, go as far as vou like with the self-planning scheme. Buy paper, tracing sheets, pencils, india ink, scale rule, triangle and square. Make an original plan or modify a ready-made one according to your ideas. First you draw in pencil. After being sure every- thing is right, copy the drawing in ink on the tracing sheets-—better to have linen, especially for blueprints. You can take the tracings to a city shop and have blue- prints in any number made at small cost. But send me the tracings first; I'll be glad to look ’em over for you.” “But in case we do this, how do we know what sizes to make rooms, doors and windows, heights of ceilings, and all that sort of thing?” AKE out your pencil and I'll give you a few hints right now,” replied Mr. Milton. ‘By the way, did I remark, in speaking of ready-made plans, that it is economy to have them fit the stock sizes of doors and windows available in your locality? Id take any ready-made plan, first of all, to my lumber vard and see whether the stock material jibed with it. So with designing my own house, I'd first get the dimensions of doors and windows. You need to know the thickness of walls. If the outside walls are wood frame, with lath and plaster inside, call it seven inches, and the same for wood par- titions with lath and plaster on both sides. If other interior surfaces are used, re- duce the thickness by one to two inches. For outside walls of brick or concrete blocks, the inside furred, lathed and plas- tered, allow ten inches. Hollow tile with stucco amounts to about eleven and one half inches. You must figure the thick- ness of floor joists and floor boards, and get the exact dimensions, since all lumber is scant by some fraction of an inch from the listed size.” “What do you call a good size for doors?” asked Hal. ‘For the front door, three by seven feet looks well and gives room to bring in What an Architect Does for You (Continued from page 37) furniture. Might have the same width, if a little less height, for the back en- trance. feet eight inches by six feet eight inches, A closet door may be the same height, but two feet six inches wide. We are talk- ing about the actual doors, so in drawing plans you must allow for the frames, Then, you mentioned ceilings a moment ago. Fora northern climate the first floor should have nine feet er close to it, while the south requires at least a ten-foot height. Allow eight feet for the second floor, and don't scant the head room too much in the cellar or basement.” “How about the sizes of rooms?” OR a small or medium house,” re- plied the architect, “Id be generous with the living room and quite niggardly of other space. Make the living room at least twelve by twenty feet, and if you en- large it keep to the same proportion of three to five. It looks better so. About the smallest practical bedroom is nine by ten feet; vou can afford to add a couple of feet to each dimension. So with the dining room, call it twelve by twelve, sub- ject to enlargement. Of course, the din- ing room often is left out of small houses nowadays, and we have instead the break- fast room or dining alcove, which is cer- tainly a tight fit when it is only five by six feet. There are bathrooms hardly any larger, but seven by eight should be con- sidered the minimum, although the fix- tures can be squeezed into less space. The bathroom should always have an outside window, and this should be about twice as large as the window commonly in- stalled. Now we have to space the kitchen, for which we may put down nine by twelve, bearing in mind the modern Most interior doors may be two | tendency to shrink the kitchen for the | sake of convenience. Most any kind of porch ought to be eight feet wide, what- ever its length. It would be well to in- clude a sleeping porch in your plans, for besides its fresh air meril it gives vou an extra bedroom.” “ HAT shape or type of house costs least >to build, Mr. Milton?’ asked Grace. “Square,” was the reply. “A square two-story house gives more room for less | money than any bungalow type that must spread out to include much space. The Jatter requires more foundations, roof and outer walls in proportion, A square house is easier to heat, therefore, uses less coal.” “A house should fit its location, I un- derstand.” remarked Grace. “Yes, its lot and its region, both. The open court Spanish type belongs in the South, just as the sharply peaked roof suits the region of heavy snow. The modern prairie house has long low lines that blend with the prairie landscape. The tall house goes with mountain coun- try and with tall trees. “By the way, Hal, if you shingle that house of yours, make the roof pitch or slope at least six inches to the foot. And I would certainly study the lot before drawing any plans. The ground may determine style and layout.” June, 192¢ 25 Haven't | draw carton gome prett these thing mous Carte developed ¢ success in cial Art. tionized the ing. It mea gs easy fOr | simpler rtha yookkeepin now placi jarning D consisting illustratior It you wi week to th GUARAN’ draw and half finish make this every cent large _ offic spondence, are enable: the cheap high-grade Many hav Davis of D little, whe $60 for th draw. It i Send Just order tl on arrival jus a few Ce ull for the « ing Outfit. fed, return will REFUD LEDERER Orders fror New Medic: middle a a disord and bac are som America: Science | Book tk they mv or past pains an ing age. this am: store th the pros mediate to the I: Steuben this bo absolut: name ai of this | 711 Var MI to mar salesmé and we them fr ers. G furnish Ash Tr Absolu No spe you on and we you wé being Catalo Metal C sic John

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Here Are Correct Answers to Questions on Page 52 1. A waterspout is a whirl in the air, of a building. It sucks up water from river or sea just as the eddy near a build- ing sucks up pieces of paper. 2. Because birds and mammals are warm blooded. They must save as much body heat as possible, and feathers or hair help to keep them warm. Snakes are cold 3. The earth’s atmosphere weighs nearly sixty million billion tons. 4. The plant produces fruit because it contains seeds, produced by fertilized flowers, in which grains of pollen have been carried to the living seed cell. This fertilization is done by insects. 5. No, but you lose consciousness. The brain is very sensitive to lack of oxygen. As soon as the heart stops and fresh blood no longer flows to the head, the brain stops and you become unconscious. If the heart starts again shortly, you will usually recover. 6. Australia has been an island, cut off from the rest of the world, so long, that some very ancient animals have been able to live on there though newer animals have killed them off elsewhere. 7. There is preserved in Paris a plat- inum-iridium bar, which is the world’s official standard of length. All yard- sticks, footrules or meter rules have been compared with this bar or verified copies. 8. Because it has no air. During the moon’s day, when the sun is shining, there may be heat. But at night, there is nothing to keep out the cold and the moon’s surface is probably 450 or 500 degrees below zero. 9. The camera lens produces a picture by making the rays of light from the out- side scene converge into a smaller image. In this process the rays cross. Those from the top cross those from the bottom and

appear below them on the plate. 10. At intervals the crab sheds his shell. For a time he has no shell and grows very rapidly. Then he is a “soft | shell” crab. After a while he covers him- self with a new shell large enough to ac- commodate his enlarged body. Then he is a “hard shell” crab. Later he crawls out of this shell and goes through the process all over again. 11. The latitude of a place is its dis- tance from the equator. Its longitude is its distance from a circle drawn around the earth through the poles. The longitude west of Greenwich is the distance west of the circle which passes through the poles and Greenwich, England. 12. Because so many things are dis- solved in it. The main one is common salt, but there are also large amounts of mag- nesium chloride and magnesium sulphate (epsom salts), of lime salts, of potassium compounds, ete. Thirty-four chemical elements exist in sea water.

133 F010 School at Hom : YOU ARE BADLY if you tack HANDICAPPED [2270 You cannot attain business or social prominence. You are barred from a successful business career, from the leading professions, from well- paid civil service jobs, from teaching and college entrance. In fact, em- ployers of practically all worth-while positions demand High School train- ing. You can’t hope to succeed in the face of this handicap. But you can remove it. Let the American School help you. FIT YOURSELF FOR A BIG FUTURE This course, which has been prepared by some of America’s leading professors, will broaden your mind, and make you keen, alert and capable. It is com- plete, simplified and up-to-date. It covers all subjects given in a resident school and meets all requirements of a High School training. From the first lesson to the last you are care- fully examined and coached, USE SPARE TIME ONLY Most people tdle away fifty hours a week, Probably you do. Use only one-fifth of your wasted hours for study and you can remove your present handicap within two years. You will enjoy the lessons and the knowledge you will gain will well repay the time spent in study. Check and mail the coupon NOW for full particulars and Free Bulletin, American School ee Dept. H.A.75 Drexel Ave. and 58th $i.» Chicago ER TATED TAL SA RO DE SE eee Ge Ee ST, SO SR el Be American School Dept. H.A.75 Drexel Ave. & 58th St., Chicago Send me full information on the subject checked and how you will help me win success, eases Architect chit Law eceees Building Contractor

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134 BUILDING TRADES NEED TRAINED MEN Thousands of good positions at good salaries HE building trades are still booming. ‘Trained men are in de- mand at good salaries. \z IN Government experts /* | IS estimate that a / F billions of = ‘al LO en ee constructions. — this year. aS Today the most vital need of this great building program is men—trained men— men who can step right in and do the skilled work that building construction requires. There is a simple, easy, practical way by which you can prepare for a better posi- tion, at a bigger salary. You can do it right at home, in spare time, no matter where you live, through the International Correspondence Schools. A recent investigation of 13,928 students en- rolled in I. C. §. Building Trades Courses showed that 1921 had become Architects; 246 had become Designers; 494 had become Chief Draftsmen; 2827 had become Draftsmen; 1845 had become Contractors; 211 had become Assistant Foremen; 4030 had become Foremen; 2354 had become Superintendents. You, too, can have the position you want in the work you like best; an income that will give you and your family the home, the comforts, the luxuries you would like them to have. Mail the Coupon for Free Booklet ss: OUT HERE —— — — — - INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS Bex 7694-D, Scranton, Penna. Oldest and largest correspondence schools in the world Explain, without obligating me, how I can wotty for the Position, or in the subject, before whi “1 ho mark X. |) ARCHITECT Naviga' Architectural Draftsman SALESMANSHIP Architects’ Blue Prints ADVERTISING Contractor and Builder Window Trimmer Building Foreman Show and Sign Painting Concrete Builder MANAGEMENT Structural Engineer Secretary Structural Draftsman Plumber and Steam Fitter and Ventilation Plumbing Inspector and Typist Foreman Plumber Ww Sheet Metal Worker Subjects CIVIL ENGINEER Surveying and Mapping ELECTRICAL ENGINEER Electric Lighting and Rys. Electric Wiring Telegraph Engineer Telephone Work CIVIL Mining Gas Engine Operating MECHANIOAL ENGINEER STATIONARY ENGINEER Mechanical Draftsman Textile Overseer or Supt. 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EVANS SCHOOL OF CARTOONING 825 Leader Building Cleveland, Ohio MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION June, 1926 Before You Go Auto Camping (Continued from page 66) that wire and tape I'll miss my guess. “T don’t need to tell you to drain the crankease and fill it up with fresh oil just before you start or to remind you to grease the car thoroughly. You know enough to do that, of course. It wouldn’t do any harm to clean out the old lubricant in the transmission and rear end and put | in a fresh supply.” “Don’t you think it would be a good idea to take the storage battery out and give it a good charge before we start?” Henry asked. OTHING doing!” replied Gus: em- phatically. “Your car is new and the battery will get a lot more charging than it needs on the trip anyway, unless you run your camp light from the storage battery. That’s assuming, of course, that you are on the road almost every day. Make sure that there is plenty of water in it before you start, and it would be a good idea to take off the terminals and scrub them with a bit of sandpaper. The least bit of corrosion at that point will interfere with the operation of the self-starter.” “What kind of a camp light is that you are talking about?” Henry inquired. “Nothing but a socket fastened into the hole in an ordinary green tin electric light shade and connected to a long drop- light cord and a plug so that you can put it in place of the dash light,” replied Gus. “With a headlight bulb in the socket, you will have plenty of light to read by. “By the way,” Gus went on, “is there any way of getting gasoline out of your tank for the gasoline stove?” “There's a petcock on the bottom of _ the carburetor for that,” Henry replied. ** And if you use it, you will drain your vacuum tank dry and then wonder why the engine won't start next morning. You ought to know better than that, Henry,” said Gus reprovingly. “You can fit a petcock in the gasoline pipe between the main tank and the vacuum tank, but | after all the best bet is to take along a | three-foot length of rubber tubing and | syphon the gasoline from the main tank. You can start the syphon by pushing the tubing all the way into the tank and then hold your finger over the end while you pull it out and tuck it in the filler open- ing in the gasoline stove.” “Have vou bought your camp equip- ment yet?” broke in Joe Clark. **Not vet,” replied Henry. “That's one of the things I want to ask you about. What would you suggest?” ELL, let’s see,” Joe paused thoughtfully. “Of course you'll need a tent, unless you want to fix the front seat of the car so that it will fold back to form a bed. You'll have to decide whether you want a tent that hitches on to the side of the auto or one that is en- tirely a unit by itself. And I'd certainly recommend a gasoline stove. Saves a lot of time rustling firewood, and it’s easier to cook on than a wood fire that is never the same heat twice running. A portable ice box is a big help unless vou are going a | to travel where you can buy food fresh every day. You can get a folding kit that includes pots and pans and dishes, or you can lay in a stock of paper plates and cups so you won't have to spend so much time washing dishes. Don’t forget a simple first aid kit.” “Sounds like good dope,” said Henry as he rapidly jotted Joe’s suggestions in his notebook. ‘Grace wanted me to ask you and Uncle Gus around for Sunday dinner, and you can look over our outfit afterward,” he finished. “What’s this, a dress rehearsal?” said Gus, as he and Joe stepped into the din- ing room the following Sunday to find both Grace and Henry in camping togs. “Tt certainly is, Uncle Gus,” laughed Grace. “Even the dinner is being cooked on that cute little gasoline stove!” “Well, Id say there is certainly nothing the matter with that stove,” ex- claimed Joe as Grace brought in a steak that was cooked to a turn. And the rest of the dinner added further evidence that the stove was good. tb “e OW we'll show you a real tent,” said Henry when dinner was over. And he led the way to the car parked back of the house. “Just watch and see how quick we can get the tent up.” “Gosh!” exclaimed Joe admiringly. “You two are the original — lightning change campers--couldn’t have taken you ten minuies.” “Humph!” grunted Gus, as_ they climbed into Gus’s car after wishing the young couple all kinds of luck on their trip. “You're a fine one to be giving out information on auto camping! Why, you never spent a night under canvas!” “Never you mind,” said Joe with a broad grin. “I’d spend most of my time auto camping if I wasn’t tied down so tight helping run the Model Garage!” Next Houses May Be Steel (Continued from page 29) use of steel, however, is not being confined alone to the framework of such structures. One of the most successful of the new types of steel bungalows has walls of steel sheets. Walls and partitions are made up of interchangeable units. The cost of the thirteen tons of steel used in the framework of one of these houses, it is said, is less than it would be for wood. Of course, the most important ad- vantage claimed for the new steel type of small home is its increased safety. It is said to be fireproof, lightning-proof, storm-proof, and as nearly earthquake- proof as any building that can be de- signed. In addition, it is easier to keep clean, and therefore is more sanitary. The smooth, tough steel surfaces defy mice and vermin. As for appearance, those who see a great future for the steel home declare that if architects can make modern sky- scrapers into monuments of lofty beauty, they can even more easily design attrac- tive steel residences. June, 192 — M Artic Editor The W By I $1,000 As Our His Re By I Light- By 1 A Tug By J What By J A Foe By I Charle What By Ameri Powe! Predi New § Asthn Athle An E Secre Seeks Now A Ne The ¢ How Moto A Ses Odd | Mini New A No Devi Typi An A Reve Com Office Maki They Lock | A Ve | How Thre | Nove A Vs Fam Kno Boy’ Stray | D | Hors | Cou New Hint How B New Tak B Befc B Tim

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June, 1926 MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES SECTION 135 42° Earned tint A Big Money-Making Business

In This Issue More Than Two Hundred Articles and Pictures, Including: Editorial—The Chemist’s Magic........ Q

he World’s Greatest Enigma.......... 9 H . By Edgar C. Wheeler _ A Business to Enthuse Over—The “Ideal” Lawn Mower Sharpener ane Weems Contest... .... 2... 6.4.25. 12 A wonderful invention that sharpens lawn mowers sclentif!- As Our Traffic Gets Worse Vere eo 14 cally—quickly— perfectly; does the work as nothing else can. His a 7s the World........... 15 FRED C. MILKERT OF ROSELLE, ILL., WRITES: “The Ideal Lawn Mower Sharpener put By obert - Martin . me in business, starting in the basement of my home and forcing me now for the third time to Light—First Aid to the Movies......... 17 move into bigger quarters. Today the dream of my life—a shop of my own—is realized. With a machine like yours and a little hustle any man can have a businessof his own and be independent.” By David Wark Griffith

; 7 ¢ W. F. Kendt, Buffalo writes: Zeno Brandon, Middlet . Ee. W. A Tug “7h Ww ith the Bottom of the Sea 18 Tana a ee eee zene Sento S_Wi, MeCerateh Saginaw, By L..U. Reavis ers last season, and the re-

: “I made, $820.70 in 55 is What Your Hand Tells a Palmist....... 20 —_— payed poy d — with my ‘Ideal’. Have fone samen Fm ony Sealy on By Wiliam J. White, Jr. — a0 high ‘ss $38,70 in one years besides working at my A Foe Man Has Yet to Conquer........ 23 Fred Milkert, Roselle, Ul, ” oe By Peter Vischer writes: ‘‘Last June!

By Arthur Grahame It Controls Speeders... ...........2.+. It's a Wise Man Who Knows a Real ClO, Ch ih ie ee Q4 aw D ’ You Start Now No town too small. D.S. Newcomer of Vinton, Ia. @ writes: ‘People come from miles around and from other

heat or towns to have their mowers ground.’”’ Lawn mowers are ANUGUC. ...5:5....: tee cece teen tees : dull—owners don’t know where to get them sharpened. |__As told to G. B. Seybold Mowing the lawn dreaded because of dull or improp- | Your Next Home May Be Steel. ....... 29 erly sharpened mower. Lawn mowing healthful, in- . ae > de vigorating and pleasant when mower is “Ideally” | By John E. Lodge CD y=) sharpened. You do the work scientifically—you pom,

| Naval Wonders in the Next War........ 30 big demand. By G. K. Spencer Joys of a Pup’s Life................0-¢ 32 Lawn Mowers Sharpened to My Most Tempting Puzzles. ........... 33 Razor Edge—?r': gint—owrnene delight wing iawn w m r By Sam Loyd : 3 sharpened on an“Ideal”’. Mowers run light—click-clicke A Masterpiece of Tinycraft............. 35 click and the grass is cut. Build permanent business for By Clair Price yourself. Start now! What an Architect Does for You........ 36 W: e By John R. McMahon rite Today y | Rees & American Finds a New Element........ 38 FREE Detailed illus- - USE THIS—MAIL §T TODAY Power snow the: SOG. ... . y. = e a eS Times Leaks No Air ‘urious Si NES e arsine: SQ aaiiaeeint How Ship Bottoms Are Kept Clean..... 44 _ Anew and amazing scientific puncture proof for OLD oak, mission of Motorized Buoy...........ceeceeccees 4A discovery has been perfected by Mr. O. S. rede al be S that bas out- i tien My ne @ a wee' "ati aie AS Nelson, G-2240 Logan Building, Mitchell, tenable yg FH simple "iageructions, | ! ASea Mystery ¢ pacie eb e semacasenesti 22 * : South Dakota, with which an automobile ou yourself can apply modern finishes to ™ Odd Items from the Aviation World..... 46 tire was punctured 857 times without loss ee ee and transform them, inte on mire eae ; Miniature Engine Operated by Radio ... 48 of air. Makes all old as well as new tires SEND 15c For, complere ser New System for Better Glaze........... 48 puncture proof. It increases the mileage salen baer yretoscrgc tft se \Novel Cxlinder Reamer 000000. iS | Sf ten enormously, “Makes ordinary ‘ee | BAM te ae Device Makes Lettering RRR Jeo ots z o 4 pecunen Railway Postal Clerk fore You Go Auto Camping.......... 66 O* tions: MG) FREB book containing list ‘a By Martin Bun n MAIL CARRIERS Pg of U.S. Government positions obtainable. Timely Ai ; ? : gh ot ha Aa hate TS ence TRAVEL—See Your Country ” at . DRE ESPs SHOULD MAIL COUPO * ERIE ei oioccin Kin cards inc die be nia ean sae Better Shop Methods......... 76 MEN, BOYS, 17 UP IMMEDIATELY eo” Steady Work No Layoffs. Paid Vacationss® AGAvCsS. « .. ...j.00000scvccccccccecesecccousene

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hear. of propositions paying men big incomes, but I'll wager you never heard of any- thing like this. In just one hour, Mr. J. W. Cronk made $51 with the Stransky Vaporizer. It would have to make good to sell like that—it would have to be a superior article to win such quick response from the buying public, wouldn't it? Here is what he says: “The results of one hour’s work—17 men gave me orders for the Vanorizers.—J. W. Cronk.”’ Agent Earns $120 a Day I have found out that the Stransky will do what you said it would. I took forty orders in one day, and wasn’t out long. My Ford runs better than it ever did. I can save half the gas and it pulls better.—J. M. James. You may have $147.50 in One Day My profits for one day were $147.: 50. In one week I made $280. Yes, I am always on the job.—S. E. Herrick, Ore. $48 in 3 Hours My gas bill has been cut nearly in half. I have removed every partic ‘le of carbon from my engine. Since I installed it, my engine runs as good as new, starts easier and quicker. I went out Saturday about three hours and secured 16 orders. A. Williams. Sells 500 in One Day My best day’s sales were 500 vaporizers; the next was 350: at another time I sold 23 in 35 minutes, and at another time 27 in 45 minutes.—W. B. Eberlein. $39 in Three Hours In three hours on Saturday I cleared $39. In one hour agg the previous Saturday I cleared $18.—T. M. Wiley, © This seal on a radio or POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY For every ten gallons you buy you lose five! are getting just half the power, half the mileage you should out “of your gasoline! June, 19% That’s a startling statement, but true. You For now an amazing new invention—a ridiculously simple little device—makes any car give twice its regular mileage to the gallon! Splendid for spare time work, many ITH this wonderful new invention auto WV owners in all parts of the country have chalked up records of from 37 to 57 miles and even up to 61 miles on a gallon of gasoline. Every day we hear of some new record—some diffi- cult feat such as pulling a car through deep sand, or up a mounté uin, on half the usual gas. And now this amazing new invention is making fortunes for agents and distributors. Now you, too, can make big money—just telling your friends about it. J. M. James made $120 in one day! Vernon Gaines netted $94 in eight hours. J. W. Cronk made $51 in just one hour! You can easily earn astonishing big profits in full or spare time—many are earning $34 to $69 a day. Fits Any Make or Model Car little device works and mileage to any Here’s how this wonderful —how it adds more power make or model car. Every carburetor is adjusted to make starting easy. But once the engine gets heated up the mixture is far too rich, resulting in faulty explosion. Half the gasoline is drawn into the cylinders in a raw state, and, instead of exploding, it burns. This causes a heavy deposit of carbon. But with this startling little device in a car all this is changed. As soon as the engine warms up, this device automatically begins to admit a much larger volume of air, thoroughly vaporizing all the gasoline, giving it fully 50°; more power—breaking it up so that it explodes instead of burning. A Carbon Remover Not only does this invention save half the gaso- line, but it also saves the expense and time of having carbon scraped out—a job costing from $5 to $25. Introductory Sample Offer To introduce this new invention, Mr. Stransky, the inventor. will send a sample at his own risk. Not only that, but he will actually pay you for R. R. CONNELLEY & GONE CO., PRINTERS, CHICAGO. “ You can sell from five to twenty in one demonstration. testing with it! his Vaporizer if you are not delighted Write at once for his proposition, and learn how you too, can Make $250 to $500 a Month The demand for the Stransky Vaporizer is enormous. Agents handling this device are simply coining money. Every auto owncr in the country—and there are twenty million of them—wants this splendid new invention the minute he sees it. You can sell from five to twenty in one demonstration. Splendid for spare time work. Many former agents are cleaning up enormous incomes as distributors and crew managers. Farmers with no ex- perience are sending in orders in 100 lots. netting them two to three hundred dollars. This may sound like big money. It is big money—it is a big proposition—the gest every brought to your attention. Just send the coupon at once for full details of our introductory sample offer. Be the man to cashin big in your community. the coupon right now—today! J. A. STRANSKY 2 MANUFACTURING COMPANY G-730 Stransky Bldg., Pukwana, So. Dakota See ee © © © Mail This Coupon Today® © 2 222223 J. A. Stransky Mfg. Co. G-730 Stransky Bidg., Pukwana, South Dakota Tell me how I can get samples of the Stransky Vapor- izer at your risk. Also tell me how I can make from $34 to $69 a day as your distributor. This does not obligate me in any way. big- Mail Name Street or R. City State Se seeee ee eer 63 23 haa 4 tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See vardlec” 2 | f }

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