Popular Science Monthly 1925-11: Vol 107 Iss 5

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peece.e: | OCT 1 0 1925 ] } PERIOD! Foon MONTHLY $ °%w-o CAL ROOM L LIBRARY F MICH, INVENTIONS DISCOVERIES RADIO AUTOMOBILES AVIATION HOME WORKSHOP

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This husky hammer makes hard hitting easy OLID blows without effort! ‘When you work on metal ...drive a cold chisel or a punch ...spread a rivet... cut a gasket ...work around the \ Carl... Do the hard hitting easily with a Plumb ball pein. See the weight of metal behind that tough face. See how the whole head is mounted off-center to add power. See the sturdy mounting of the black head on the red handle—the oblong eye takes the handle full-size. The pein is cone-shaped, not round. It spreads rivets instead of mashing them. And there is the Take-Up Wedge (exclusive Plumb invention). If ever a hammer needed a tight head, this one does. A tight head is assured on this, and any, Plumb Tool, with a turn of the ° wrist on the Take-Up Wedge. To improve your work, to make ‘ hard hitting easy and safe, swing a Plumb Ball Pein Hammer. FAYETTE R. PLUMB, Inc. Philadelphia, U.S. A. PLUMB The Plumb Ball Pein Hammer. At good hardware Stores. everywhere. 1 Ib., $1.00; 114 Ib, $1.15; 2 Ib., $1.30 (except in Far West and Canada). | Ww S SSS Hammers Hatchets Files Sledges Axes eae3 ce ee eee ee ae ee lO et

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th at ad 1d re November, 1925 A Real Long Range Crosley Receiving Set $9.75 Do not assume from its very interesting price that this very unusual Crosley set is a toy. Its impressive performance alone en- titles it to serious consideration. Heretofore, the $10 radio was designed only for local reception. Now the Crosley Pup extends the entertainment radius to 1500 miles under ordinary conditions. Place it beside some costly multiple-tube set and operate the dials. Both tune through local stations sharply. Both get the same pro- grams with equal ease and clarity. Both let you tap the infinite enjoyment coming through the air. There is only one difference —the Pup operates with head phones in- stead of a loud speaker. The Pup is the newest Crosley set with a price that reflects the volume-production economies of the world’s largest builder of radios. It is substantially constructed and permanent in every regard. Its design is an improvement of the famous Crosley one tube set with which Leonard Weeks of Minot, N. D., heard the MacMillan Polar Expedition while the rest of America listened in vain. Almost overnight the Pup has become the most popular Crosley set ever offered. It is being bought for youngsters whose curious fingers cannot resist the lure of dials and switches; for the cook, the maid, the old folks back home, and for shut-ins. Traveling men are selecting it because of its easy portability, and radio enthusiasts to have an inexpensive check on their large sets. Hear it once—and you will own one too! In addition to the Pup, there is a Crosley for every price and preference. Operating 1, 2 and 3 tubes, these are encased in handsome Crosley-built cabinets and range in price up to the Super-Trirdyn Special which retails for $60. Each will deliver the superlative performance that has made the word ‘‘Crosley” a hall mark of radio perfection in millions of homes throughout the world. THE CROSLEY RADIO CORPORATION | CINCINNATI, OHIO Owning and operating WLW, first remote control super-power broadcasting station Crosley 3 Tube 52 S. D> pubeeey finished -_ tnet, sloping panel. Holds all batteries $32.50 Crosley Super-Trirdyn Regular More compact than the Special Model—but exactly the same superb performance - $50.00 >» = T T EC RK POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY | Pup -8923 Crosley manufactures The CROSLEY i —— receiving sets which are licensed under Arm- strong U. S. patent No. 1,113,149 and priced from $9.75 to $60.00 without accessories. headphones, etc. None of the prices quoted include batteries, tubes, Add 10% to all prices west of the Rocky Mountains. Crosley De Luxe Combination Musicone De Lu Super-Trirdyn Special 60.00 25a Console Table Complete - - Crosley Super-Trirdyn Special Matchless performance and ex- quisite beauty combined. Solid mahogany cabinet with popular sloping panel - - $60.00 : Coe ts IS) This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. xe - $27.50 00 112.50 Crosley 2 Tube 51S.D. A true long range set. easy to tune and hand- some in appearance 23.50 DIO. i Eas

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PopularScience Monthly| The Magazine of Invention and Discovery Published in New York City at

NOVEMBER, 1925; Vol. 107, No. 5 25 cents a Copy; $2.50 a Year 250 Fourth Avenue

Coming Next Month

In This Issue Page Popular Science Institute of Standards... 6 Prize-Winners in $10,000 Contest ; Why a Storm Can Break an Airship..... 11 Pictures from the Clouds—The story of a marvelous school How 1 Unmask the Spirit Fakers. ... 12 where Uncle Sam trains young photographers in the new science New Engines for Motor Railways ....... 15 of aerial photography. Hunting Wild Horses by Airplane....... 16 By Arthur Chapman Every Day’s Work a Gamble with Death.. 18 By Peter Vischer ee The Strangest Ship Afloat............. 21 How to Get Ready for Christmas—Novel and entertaining a a ways to make holiday decorations will be described and illus- Bias, aia, “i trated,in the Home Workshop. Also, toys and games you can fe oe atlanta ‘ make for the boys and girls. | Big Profits In Simple Inventions Ape 27 What a Junkman Knows about Your Car 28 By Edgar C. Wheeler Your Winter Driving Troubles—Simple precautions you ey ~Semeeanmammmena 9 can take to save yourself the difficulties encountered in cold eet «+--+ 31 weather—useful facts that every motorist wants to know. More than 200 other fascinating articles and pictures,

ee 2 z x d i ag fo naa el SRO Fre § 7 -_ NL nOW our hat Me ek ik Siege ree Se aad ces ak atte sia Wa a giving you all the news of radio ee ‘geo an saan Numigum Sl i Giles Shoe. 3 oat Blows Up Like a Tire............ tion, strange and unusual things Pee e i . oing, ia 1er How Much Seence Do You Koi. 9 : : ’ ow They Figured the Thing Out....... with practical ideas for the automobile, the home, the home Esperts Who Work at Que Jeb. a p s a New Ice Age Approaching? ........ workshop, and the use of tools and machinery. Household Budget Machine............ 44 An Improved Tin Gan ., .....6.....560- 44 Pe song se ae eg aoe 7 e e ¢ $ justable Lap Desk for the Student... . Big. Prize Contest for Radio Builders Novel Alarm Scares Burglar............ 45 New Pen Makes Lettering Easy ........ 45 Ee. Novel Machines Built Out of Scraps..... 46 & Queer Ways to Get About............. 47 Portable Electric Lumber-Cutter........ 48 Eight-in-One Wrench.................. 48 Combination Vest-Pocket Tool......... 48 Universal! Auto Wrench................ 49 New Electric Mortiser ...............0- 49 Hand Vise and Pliers Combined ........ 49 New Utensils for the Housewife......... 50 Electric Elevator for Hats and Coats.... 52 High Seat for the Baby ..............0. 52 : New Portable Arc-Light............... 52 Hammer-Head and Handle in One Piece.. 52 Vest-Pocket Savings Bank............. 53 Fire Hydrant Is Shock-Proof........... 53 Oar-Propelled Kiddie Cart............. 53 Ashtray Holds Cigarette Extinguisher.... 53 Spectacular Feats Mark Air Progress.... 54 Machine Turns Words into Code. ....... 56 Baby Buggy Converted into Sled....... 56 A Five-Pound Movie Camera.......... 56 Double Door Latch and Grip........... 56 : - fe » Movable Vise Aids Workmen........... 57 a MATEUR radio builders are performi N. Y., with a tremendously powerful eight- Wire-Straightening Machine............ 57 p ng I : wonders these days. Through the aid tube neutrodyne set he has just completed. n cat a Tt Bandits ........... Hd of exp‘icit constructional articles such as What kind of aset can you build? Turn to BawielsGruita. 0 B appear every month in POPULAR SCIENCE page 59 of this issue for the announcement By Alfred P. Lane , MONTHLY they are learning how to build ofa forthcoming cash prize contest for Pe a eee San be “law jon .-> --- 60 i le effici Here,for home radio builders. Details of this contest By Alexander Senauke, M.E , E.E receivers of remarkable ciency. ere, to . Some New Marvels of Radio........... 61 example, is a young man of New Rochelle, _ will be announced next month. Besotiog ping IMS WHRE ES Go coic <0 a 62 'y Tohn Carr New Fittings for the Automobile ....... 63 When Foresight Saves a Crash......... 64 By Martin Bunn Some New Ideas for the Motorist ....... 66 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Issued monthly. Single copy, 25 cents. Yearly subscription to United States, pete. and Canada, $2.50; The Home Workshop...... 69 ine countries, $3. <ntered as second-class matter Dec. 28, 1918, at the Post Office at New York under the act Better Shop Methods 72 of March 3, 1879; additional entry as second-class matter at Dunellen, N. J. Entered as second-class matter at the ee een Post Office pe ge Canada. oo U.S. as Copyright, 1925, by = ee cee vere Inc. NEIL af HO Saedues Ot eained aiomes’ Peeca an Seamer Tce Tae ne ae one! colamane And Other Timely Articles and Pictures methods of the individuals or concerns producing them. The use of PopULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY articles, or quota- tions from them for stock-selling schemes is never authorized. O. B. Capen, dent and Treasurer; R. C. Wilson, Vice-President; A. L. Cole, Secretary.

America Takes to the Air ’ By Robert E. Martin The Progress of Science ..............0 34 Men Who Have Made Good with Hobbies 36 New Duplicating Device 38

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eed 27 November, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 5 SLARITX| THE ‘OBEDIENT’ SLAVE TO YOUR DE SIRES “DV 0bs ROM the mellow depth to the highest pitch of harmony —the improved APEX Receiving Sets bring in, with startling clarity and natural- ness, all of the delicate gradations of the entire range of sound—whether the highest soprano or the deepest of bassos profundo. Thecharmofnaturalness,combinedwith greater distance getting ability, positive selectivity and full volume, plus the enchanting elegance of de- sign and finish, present radio receiving sets that are mostsatisfactory inevery element of operation and a real delight to all whose choice of home furnishings 1 is guided by true appreciation of artistic and refined beauty. Only a dependable merchant is given theAPEX dealer franchise. Your APEX dealer will gladly make personal demonstration of APEX Quality Radio Apparatus. APEX ELECTRIC MFG. CO. 1410 W. 59th Street Dept. 1103 Chicago Also makers of the famous APEX Vernier Dials “yy Upon request, we will gladly mail you descriptive folder. and APEX Rheostats, which are sold by every good dealer in Radio. a a ty ill is mM fp PTT TELE LLL win Apex De Luxe Price $135 Apex Super Five, Price $95 without accessories Apex Utility Radio Table Price $75 IS) z Apex Baby Grand Console Price $225 Prices West of Rockies slightly higher. Canadian prices approximately 40% higher. : Apex Console Entertainer, Price $27.50 Entertainer Price $22.50 © This seal on a radio or. tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS, See page 6.

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Every item in the Buy- ing Guide has been tested rigorously by experts. The Buying Guide of Approved Ra- dio and Tool Products will be sent on request HERE is one essential article that always is taken on buying ex- peditions. That is money. But an increasingly large number of the readers of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, and their friends, are taking a second companion when buying radio and tool equipment. That is the List of Approved Products of the Popular Science Institute of Standards. Not having an engineer at their side to advise them in purchasing, they find this list of products that have passed the rigid tests of a staff of expert engineers an able substitute. For, in selecting a product that has been approved by the Popular Science Institute, they know they will get an article of sound quality, efficient construction, and one capable of standing up under usage. All this has been proved in the Institute laboratories at New York University. There, under the supervision of Prof. Collins P. Bliss, Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Director of Testing Laboratories of that university, and Director of the Popular Science Institute, the tests are conducted. This fact alone insures the thoroughness and impartiality of the Institute’s tests. HE extensive nature of these tests is not always appreciated. Some manufacturers, as well as readers of the magazine, assume that they are made more or less on the “try-out”’ principle. Only recently, when a certain radio manufacturer was requested to loan a sample loudspeaker for test, he suggested that an engineer from the Institute be sent down to his place to “look it over and try it out,” adding that he guessed that was “all that was necessary.” Far from it! Actual laboratory tests cover an POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY extended period of time and require the use of complicated testing equipment. In fact, the manufacturer who is anxiously waiting the Popular Science Institute of Standard’s certificate of approval often becomes impatient at the delay—from two weeks to three months, according to the nature of the product—required to complete the tests. Should the results of the test be unsatisfactory, the product is disapproved and cannot be advertised in POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. NOTHER impression that some people entertain is the belief that the Popular Science Institute tests one product of a manufacturer and passes his whole line on the basis of that test. This is not the case. If a manufacturer adver- © © © POPULAR SCIENCE Monthly Guarantee The above seal on an advertisement indicates that the products referred to have been approved after test by the Popular Science Institute of Standards. Popular Science Monthly guaran- tees every article of merchandise advertised in its columns. Readers who buy products advertised in Pop- ular Science Monthly may expect that these products will give abso- lute satisfaction under normal and proper use. Our readers in buying these products are guaranteed this satisfaction by Popular Science Monthly. THE PUBLISHERS. © ere, | ee November, 1925 Expert Advice for the Buyer of Tools or Radio How the Popular Science Institute of Standards Will Help You with Its Buying Guide tises a drili in PopuLar SCIENCE MONTHLY one month, that is tested. If, the following month, he wishes to advertise a screw- driver, that, too, is tested before the insertion of the advertisement is allowed. And it is surprising to note the difference in various products made by the same manufacturer. This is especially true in the case of radio apparatus, for continual experimenting is going on, and some equipment is put on the market by reputable manufacturers that requires considerable more experi- menting. ETTERS received by the Institute give evidence that the readers of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY are taking full advantage of the service offered them and are being guided by the results of the tests made by its engineers. In the morning’s mail the other day, the follow- ing note was received which is just an illustration of how thousands are depend- ing on the Institute’s List of Approved Products: GENTLEMEN: Please send me your list of ap- proved products—both tool and radio. I received your list when the Institute was first started and profited much by using it. This list has since been misplaced and, as I am in the market again, would appreciate your sending your latest list—W. E. S., New York, N. Y. The service of the Popular Science . 4 Institute of Standards is entirely free to 7 SCIENCE ~ both readers of POPULAR MONTHLY and wholesalers and retailers of Radio and Tool Equipment. Address inquiries, or requests for the List of Popular Science Institute of Standards, 250 Approved Products, to the Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. —\ eae now youn prize four mad Mon Wro will Bens win in tl Cont ter, in tl] of th Wal: prize Bro prize this next the

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nce rds Its lade ©) S OPULAR .Y one ds th, he , screw- - tested sement to note $ made This is ~ radio nting is put on cturers experi- istitute lers of taking d them ; of the In the follow- ust an lepend- proved ap- and 1, the and laced gain, your : Science B49 free to \CIENCE ailers of A ddress List of Popular s, 250 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY SUMNER N. BLOSSOM, Editor November, 1925 The First 68 Prize-Winners John and Mary Newlywed Announce Results of the June Competition in Our Great $10, 000 Contest HE home-making trou- bles of John and Mary Newlywed are over. And it is only fair that we now should let this enthusiastic young couple announce the 68 T prize-winners in the first of the four Monthly Contests that made up POPULAR SCIENCE MontHLY’s $10,000 “What’s Wrong” Contest. First of all, John and Mary will introduce you to E. B. Benson, of Rock Island, IIl., winner of the first prize of $500 in the June ‘‘What’s Wrong’”’ Contest. With his little daugh- ter, he greets you with a smile in the photograph at the foot of this page. Next, meet Louise Gardiner Walshe, winner of the second prize of $100, and Edwin T. The Three Best HE first three prizes in the June ‘“‘What’s Wrong” Contest have been awarded as follows: FIRST PRIZE, $500 E.. Bernhard Benson, Rock Island, Ill. SECOND PRIZE, Louise G. Walshe, Jersey City, N. J. THIRD PRIZE, $50 Edwin T. Brown, Pittsburgh, Pa. Names of winners of the other 65 prizes will be found on the next page. $100 John and Mary You can see how glad they are to find out about the mistakes they made in doing odd jobs about their new home contestants told exactly what was wrong in each case made the task of choosing the 68 prize-winners a difficult one. In reaching their final decisions, in accordance with the rules of the contest, the judges based their selection of winners on three points—accuracy, clear- ness, and skill of presentation. A number of those who sub- mitted correct answers failed to win one of the prizes simply Brown, winner of the third prize of $50. When you turn this page, you will look into their faces. Finally, in the list at the top of the next page, you will meet the winners of the five prizes of $10 each and the 60 Wins the First Prize of $500 E. Bernhard Benson,. of .Rock Island, Ill.; winner of the first ..ptize of $500:in the June Conte’ with his little daughter Jane prizes of $5 each. Of course, we’d like to have you see their faces, too, but space does not permit. All these awards were made by tke three official judges aftcr care- fulconsideration. of thou- sands of entries. The surprising thing about the June contest was the large number of readers who sent in correct. an- swers to. all of the. eight ‘“‘What’s Wrong’’ pic- tures, showing John and Mary doing .odd jobs ‘about their new home. Contestants were asked to find out from each pic- - ture what John-or. Mary ‘ (or both) ~ were’ doing wrong,, and to tell why it * ‘was-wrong; also. what deliberate mistake: the artist: made in drawing each picture. The general excellence of the contributions and the fact that so many because they failed to state their answers clearly and concisely. Many other entries that showed pains- taking and enthusiastic effort, had to be thrown out because one or more of the answers were inaccurate. Interest in this remarkable contest has been world-wide, as evidenced by the fact that hundreds of entries arrived from dis- tant countries; including Russia, India, Australia, South America, England; Ire- land, and France. Many of the entries showed remarkable ingenuity. A number of contestants, for example, submitted their answers in the form of bound vol- umes with handsomely designed covers, the- contents arranged with pictures of John and Mary carefully pasted on the pages and the answers neatly hand- printed. beneath the pictures. Several _ people redrew all eight pictures of John and Mary to show them in each case doing the job right, and in each correcting our artist’s deliberate error. .A woman painted her own portrait on the cover of her bound entry. Several contestants inclosed their entries behind glass in large frames of their own workman- ship. The awards of all cash prizes were made 9

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY November, 1935, H. N. Aldrich, Rosalie, Neb. Harry C. Branch, Cleveland, Ohio Charles Bunting, Santa Cruz, Calif. Harry C. Burnham, Cranston, R. I. Jacob H. Carmichael, Cicero, Ill. Mrs. W. J. Chievitz, Cleveland, Ohio Harry S. Cook, Delta, Colo. Mrs. Marcia M. Cope, Richmond, Va. Mrs. John F. Costello, Northport, Wash. Samuel Lee Craig, Principio Furnace, Md. Ernest H. Dale, Philadelphia, Pa. Harold F. Dawes, Petersburg, Alaska -Mrs. Alma H. Ewing, Capitan, N. M. Dwight V. Fisher, Vineland, N. J. Capt. Wm. Allison Fuller, Cocoa, Fla. Joseph C. Gilbert, Providence, R. I. George H. Groth, Cleveland, Ohio Roger Hackney, Birmingham, Ala. Carl N. Hartman, Toledo, Ohio C. M. Hind, Seattle, Wash. B. H. Hodges, Bluefield, W. Va. Louis J. Day, Floral Park, N. Y. Harold W. Readen, Monitor, Oreg. Additional Prize- Winners in the June Contest FIVE PRIZES—$10 EACH SIXTY PRIZES—$5 EACH W. S. Hudgins, Hampcon, Va. Walter J. Irvin, Jr., Reidsville, N.C. Ethel Jacobs, Winnipeg, Can. H. J. Johnson, Duluth, Minn. D. R. Kinports, Cheyenne, Wyo. Reuben Koch, Dayton, Ohio Ralph J. Leonard, St. Louis, Mo. D. W. Livingston, Milwaukee, Wis. George Wm. H. Long, Indianapolis, Ind. Nina Ervine McLelland, Houston, Tex. Matt. H. Miller, Edmonton, Alta., Can. Malcolm E. Moran, Rolling Bay, Wash. W. Nelson Neepier, Ellicott City, Md. W. C. Nicol, Pittsburgh, Pa. W. and R, Nottingham, Utica, N. Y. C. E. Pearson, Cleveland, Ohio John LeRoy Pischke, Cleveland, Ohio L. H. Poston, Aitkin, Minn. Royden E. Reed, Manchester, N. H. R. Richard, Jersey City, N. J. Edward J. Frank, Schenectady, N. Y. Edwin C. Warren, Washington, D. C. —— H. M. Rose, Huntingdon, Pa. Forrest M. Rosie, Providence, R. I. Herman J. Rowe, Pocomoke City, Md. Mauro G. Saenz, Mexico City, Mex. A. Don Seaman, Muskegon, Mich. Thomas S. Shott, Amagansett, N. Y. Raymond Shotwell, So. Tacoma, Wash. Byron W. Sieg, Tucson, Ariz. H. T. Shrum, Oshkosh, Wis. A. Wilbert Smith, Los Angeles, Calif. Albert L. Snedaker, Mt. Ephraim, N. J. Arthur Stert, Ferndale, Mich. Mary A. Strickland, Brooklyn, N. Y. Paul Sutherland, Inspiration,” Ariz. H. M. Turner, New Haven, Conn. Mrs. H. B. Walker, New Orleans, La. Lynn C. Watson, Birmingham, Ala. Max M. Weber, Sharon, Pa. F. Warren Wells, Jr., Westfield, Mass. Harry Williamson, Whiteville, Tenn. Second-Prize Winner Louise Gardiner Walshe, of Jersey City, N. J., winner of the second prize of $100 by three men of wide experience and high standing in the field of mechanics—Prof. Collins P. Bliss, Director of the Popular Science Institute of Standards and head of the Department of Mechanical Engi- neering at- New York University; Dr. Hazen G. Tyler, Associate Director of the Popular Science Institute of Standards and Associate Professor in charge of Experimental Engineering, New York University; Alexander Senauke, M. E. E.E., Radio Engineer of the Popular Science Institute of Standards. Their selections of the prize-winners in the second of the Monthly Contests, which appeared in the July issue, will be announced in the December issue of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY; winners in the August contest will be announced in the January issue, and the September contest winners in the February issue. Names of winners of the Grand Prizes, totaling $6000, to be awarded for the best solutions to all the 32 pictures appearing in the four Monthly Contests, will be announced by the judges as soon as pos- sible thereafter. From start to finish, our great $10,000 Contest has met with enthusiastic re- sponse. Judging from the thousands of letters we have received, we are quite sure that every reader who has followed John and Mary through their vigorous, though sometimes painful, efforts in home-making, has found it profitable and entertaining. We are sure, too, that every reader will join with us, and with John and Mary, in congratulating the 68 win- ners of cash prizes whose names are announced here. And, remember, even if you have failed to win one of the prizes in the June contest, don’t be discouraged. If you submitted answers also in the July, August, and September Con- tests, as most of the contestants have, your chance of winning one of the prizes in these contests is just as fetes or the names of prize-winners in the July “What’s Wrong” Contest. They will be published in next month’s issue. Names of the August Contest winners will appear in the January issue, and the September Contest winners will be printed in the February issue. jenee, good as anybody’s. In fact, the judges who now are working on the July Com test inform us that a large number of persons who made mistakes in the Jung Contest have submitted correct answem to all eight pictures in their second attempt. That means, too, that eve, though you may have had a bad start, you have not lost your chance of winning one of the big Grand Prizes to be awarded for the best answers to all the pictures in all four Monthly Contests. There still remains $9000 to be award: ed—$1000 for winners of the July Com ’ test, $1000 for the August Contest, $1000 for the September Contest, winding up with the $6000forthe Grand Prize Contest, Third-Prize Winner Edwin T. Brown, of Pittsburgh. Pa., winner of the third prize of $50 in the June Contest Nove

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., winner Contest POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 11 C(g)hy al hunderstorm Can Break an Airship WATER PRECIPITATED FROM CLOUD PARTICEESANDICE 3 Agnes % i #, IE if 3 UPORAFT COOLED: 3,“ » CRYSTALS 4 a. CONTACT WITH RAIN “3.” RIGIBLE iS SAFE FROM LIGHTNING CLOUD AT HIGH ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL RELEASES LIGHTNING FLASH WHICH RUNS THROUGH AIRSHIP'S METAL FRAME— ALL GAPS IN WHICH HAVE BEEN CLOSED BY BONDING WIRES — AND .PASSES HARMLESSLY TO ROUND ~ } 3-7 CLOUD WHIRLS CAUSED BY MIXTURE OF WARM AND As a thunderstorm gathers, swift rising currents of warm air produce a “bumpy” path through the clouds for an airship ~ CLOUD: HEADS COMBINE, How a thundercloud is formed by the merging of small cu- mulus clouds pushed together by swiftly rising warm currents — Si be. ASCENDING DRAFTS OF~ CURRENT OF HIGH ~~ 5 ete a explanation of the effects upon an airship of a severe thunderstorm such as that responsible for the recent wreck of the Shenandoah. In the largest picture is shown how a “line squall” is formed by the meeting of uprushing warm air and descending currents that have been cooled by contact with raindrops and ice crystals of the upper atmo- sphere. Seized by these conflicting currents, a mighty airship is ripped asunder. The two drawings at the left show how a typical thundercloud is formed by the merging of small cumulus clouds pushed together by swiftly rising currents of warm air. The upper drawing shows as well how the irregular motion of the rising currents makes a “bumpy” path. The picture in the upper right-hand corner demonstrates why light- ning is of little danger to dirigibles. The discharge is carried along the metal framework and passes harmlessly to the ground. I: THE remarkable drawings above, our artist presents a graphic

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3 4 2 § J z | #9 Houdini in Disguise So well known is Houdini that he must as- sume various odd disguises when exposing the trickery of fake spiritualistic mediums. Here he is in the guise of a deaf old man. In this réle he was permitted by a New York medium to talk with the “‘spirit’”’ of a son he never had HILE I was playing an engage- ment in a mid-western city late last spring, a newspaper reporter called on me at the theater. ‘‘Houdini,” he said, ‘‘there’s a spiritual- istic medium who has been in town for more than 25 years. Would you care to come round with me and, look him over?” Now, telling me that a supposedly genuine medium is in the same town with me is like informing an enthusiastic fisherman that he’s near a trout stream. For 35 years—during my whole career as a professional magician—I have been studying and investigating so-called psychic phenomena—-spiritualism, occult- ism, clairvoyance, mysticism, telepathy, and similar manifestations of apparently supernatural origin. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ow [| Unmask the Spirit Fakers November, 1925 By HOvupDiInI investigations because I have found them a fascinating kind of scientific research, not merely because seeking to explain the mysteries produced by others may seem to bear some relation to the work of one who is himself a professional mystifier. fine. the really tremendous popular interest in occult phenomena that has sprung up in recent years has stimulated me in pursuing my investigations. Every day that I appear on the stage, hundreds of people in the audience ask me questions regarding spiritualism, telepathy, and kindred subjects. Every day my mail contains hundreds of questions of the same sort. The public wants to know whether there are such things as “spirits,”’ whether it is possible for one man by mere exercise of his will to transfer his thoughts intelligibly to the brain of another man, and so on and'so on. And as a servant of the public, which every public performer undoubtedly is, I consider it my duty never to let a chance slip of obtaining authentic data on the subjects regarding which the public is looking constantly to me for information. So it was with eagerness that I accepted the reporter’s suggestion that I accom- pany him and another man, who proved to be the county prosecutor, out to the medium’s home. / Now, despite any impression that may have been created by my activity in exposing fraudu- lent mediums, in regard to spiritual- ism I am not a skeptic. Although I have found no gen- uine physical phe- nomena medium, by which I mean one who does not produce his effects My investigation has been literally continuous. I never have dropped it for so long as a day. The practice of my profession has taken me to virtually every country on earth, and my travels have enabled me to observe and study the psychics of many lands. And my interest in the subject is more keen, if any- thing, today than it was when it first engaged my attention. This probably is because my interest in psychic phenomena is personal rather than pro- fessional. I have pursued my by purely natural means that any trained magician can duplicate, I have still an open mind. I am willing to be cop. vinced—even to believe, if a medium can demonstrate to me that he act possesses true psychic power. And when I went to the home of that veteran medium it was with every:hope that he actually might prove capable of e& tablishing communication with the spirits of the dead. One who had sustained his reputation for more than a quarter of a century in the same city, I reasoned, well might be assumed to be genuine, Besides, I am far too busy to waste my time “investigating” self styled mediums, who generally are believed to be frauds, ONCE again, though, I was disap pointed. This medium was just another trickster. His ‘‘psychic power” was due to his ability as a conjurer. Hig methods, in short, were merely a crude adaptation of those by which professional magicians mystify audiences from the stage. He was exceedingly clever, but I had unmasked him before his séance wag completed, and as a result he was arm rested as a fraud. : Moreover, after my exposure of this man, the police of the city began a drive against fake spiritualists, which resulted a few weeks later in rounding up 20 of these Simple but Mystifying Houdini (at right) demonstrates a simple trick by which the fake medium, under cover of darkness, frees one hand to ‘make the “spirits” perform. After strok- ing the subject’s arms and a few times with his finger-tips (above), he deftly removes one hand, placing the other on the backs of the subject’s hands i such a way that the change is not noticed. At the left Houdini is seen writing on a slate with his free hand, and ringing a small bell that he has placed in his mouth N tl m— sy See sere wes &.cer se.

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aber, 1925 he y trained > still an be con dium can act \nd when C veteran e that he e Of & che spirits sustained juarter of reasoned, genuine, waste my mediums, be frauds, ‘as disap- was just ic power” urer. Hig y a crude rofessional from the ver, but I éance was e was ar. f this man, ‘ve against ted a few ) of these November, 1925 HE Mystifying Trickeries of Fraudulent Mediums Laid Bare by the King of Magicians in the First of a Great Series of swindlers who prey upon the credulous, the grief-stricken, and the troubled. This man was what is called a “trumpet medium.” ‘The term probably requires an explanation. A trumpet medium is one who evokes the “‘spirits’” with the aid of truampets—cones of metal or other material that resemble the fog horns carried by the old-time sailing vessels. The trumpets ordinarily are placed on a table around which the medium and those attending the séance sit in a “circle,” each person clasping hands with those on his right and left. OW, the medium, being part of the circle, apparently cannot move with- out those who. are holding his hands being aware of it. Yet, as soon as the light in the room is extinguished, queer things begin to happen. You hear “spirit voices,’ you feel the tapping of “spirit hands’? on your head and body; odd, tapping founds, which you are in- formed are the sound of “‘spirit feet,’’ are heard seemingly in the air, or on the walls and ceilings. You hear sweeping sounds, too, which you are told are made by “spirit garments.’ Sometimes the trumpets, which are distinguishable in the darkness because -of luminous rings that are placed upon them, are seen to rise from the table and apparently float about the room. To one who visits a séance for the first time, these effects are most uncanny. You are quite ready to believe that they actually are caused by ‘“‘spirits.” Cer- tainly, you tell yourself, the medium, with both hands securely held, is unable to get free to talk through the trumpets, raise them in the air, or tap them on the ceiling. Well, as one who for 35 years has been freeing himself from every scrt of bond, encumbrance, and restraint that human _vise—handcuffs, POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Articles ingenuity can de- ropes, chains, strait- jackets, locks, bolts, prison cells, trunks, safes, and packing- cases among them— Ppiease permit me to testify that for a medium to free him- self from a spiritual- istic circle and so get hold of the trumpet is child’s play! And that’s exactly how the wonders of the trumpet medium are performed. The medium gets free of the cirele—or releases one hand or foot at least—and proceeds to manipulate the trumpets. Sometimes it is a con- federate who permits him to escape. Sometimes, as I shall show presently, he does it through his own cleverness. The “spirit voices’ that you hear are the medium’s voice, disguised, issuing from atrumpet. In the darkness it is virtually impossible to trace to their source the sounds of a faint voice distorted by the megaphonic effect of a trumpet. Try the experiment yourself, and see. The “spirit rappings’ and sounds of “spirit wings” are made by the medium’s fingers against the side of a trumpet. The taps which the sitters feel are delivered by the medium with a trumpet. To touch the ceiling with a trumpet or to reach a sitter at the far end of the table, the medium lengthens a trumpet by attaching it to another trumpet by means of the mouth- pieces, which are made to fit one inside the other. voices’’? 13 Where Footwork Summons the ‘‘Spirits’’ . With both hands held securely by his neighbors in the seance “circle,” how can a medium get hold of a trumpet and produce mysterious “spirit One way to do it is by a little clever footwork, says Houdini Some trumpet: mediums also produce “spirit voices’ in the daylight. The medium holds the large end of the trumpet near his mouth, and whispers into the instrument without moving his facial muscles, while at the same time carrying on a casual conversation with the sitter. You’ve seen ventriloquists on the stage disguise the fact that they are speaking by much the same method. HE particular medium of whom I write performed most of the usual tricks with the trumpets. He also caused a guitar, placed on the table before him along with the trumpets, to be played while he sat with his hands apparently covering those of the persons who sat at his right and his left. He established communication with the “spirit”? of the son of one of the sitters, the “spirit’”’ of an Indian chief, who spoke pidgin English in a deep -bass voice, and the “spirit’’ Amazing Wonders of the Dark Revealed as Simple Child’s Play “For a medium to free himself from a spiritualistic ‘circle’ and so get hold of the trumpet is child’s play.”” In the circle his right wrist is held by the man at his right, while he grips the wrist of the man at hisleft. By twitching, jerky movements, as if in the throes of sublime ecstasy, he man- ages in the dark to transfer his grip from left hand to right, freeing his left hand, with which he picks up the trumpet. The “circle” remains unbroken

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14 of a French opera singer, who led us in singing “Nearer, My God, to Thee.” As I said before, I attended this séance in the hope that the medium might produce something in the way of a genuine spirit manifestation. His meth- ods, though, were so like those of fraud mediums whom I had seen and exposed that I was surprised at having thought him genuine in the beginning, and feared he would turn out to be a trickster. And so, when the opportunity presented itself, I slipped out of the circle in which I sat and smeared lamp- black on the trumpets. I waited until the me- dium had completed his trumpet work; then I rose, drew an electric flashlamp from my pocket, and directed its rays across the table. I". WAS a startling; | though somewhat ~ comical picture that the sudden light disclosed. For there in the circles sat the medium holding the guitar above his head, and his hand and face were as black as a coal heaver’s from the lamp- black I had used! By an ingenious trick he had freed his hand to manipulate the trumpets and the guitar. “You could feel it if I raised my hand, couldn’t you?” he had asked one of the sitters beside him, and, as he spoke, he actually raised his hand and did not put it back, but substituted an Indian relic —a stone—of about the size and weight of his hand, covered by a handkerchief as had been his hand. The sitter, feeling the weight of the stone upon his hand, supposed, naturally enough, that the me- dium’s hand had been replaced after its withdrawal. On this trick rested almost entirely that medium’s claim to the possession of psychic powers. Thirty-five years among these vultures has convinced me that they are the most contemptible and the meanest criminals that walk the earth. The confidence man, the burglar, the pickpocket, the highwayman, and others who live by robbing their fellows, must take chances. They meet their victims on even ground and triumph through their wits, their strength, or their courage. HE fake medium, though, works with everything in hisfavor. His victims will believe in him. They are grief- stricken by the loss of a loved one, un- nerved and troubled by financial reverses, distracted by the disgrace brought upon them by their wayward children. In their search for consolation, in their troubles, for guidance in their difficulties, they grasp at straws. And the medium adroitly worms their secrets out of them, plays upon their fears or their grief, im- presses them by elaborate hocus-pocus— trumpet work, slate writing, spirit. rap- ping, table-lifting, spirit photographs and the like—quickly has them in his toils and strips them bare of everything they own. In the sheltering darkness, which makes it impossible for the sitters to observe anything he does, it is not necessary for the medium to be even a clever conjurer. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Tricks that in the light would bring him nothing but a laugh of derision, in the darkness are startling and inexplicable. I have caught a medium lifting a table —he claimed, of course, that the spirits did it—by squirming upward in his chair until the edge of the table was caught by a hook attached to his belt, while a con- federate raised it a corresponding dis- tance on the other side. Can you imagine a stage magician getting away with anything like that? Or can you imagine ‘‘Spirit Faces’’ of Paint From the blackness of the medium’s darkened room suddenly shine “faces from the spirit world”—a mystifying wonder.’ But the wonder is performed, Houdini explains, simply by means of face masks coated with luminous paint and attached to lazy tongs manipulated by a confederate concealed behind -a screen. ._The lower picture shows Houdini examining one of these masks a stage magician impressing an audience by having his assistant tap certain persons on the shoulders and run his fingers through their- hair? Under cover of darkness, though, and masked by the cloak of religion, such ridiculous trumpery becomes most impressive. I remember in Chicago, quite a few years ago, a medium who had gained a big reputation by doing nothing more remarkable than the last thing I men- tioned. This medium was a woman. She insisted upon being firmly held dur- ing her séances. Yet as soon as the room was made dark, the sitters felt taps on their shoulders and other parts of their bodies. Fingers were run through their hair. Their watches were snatched from November, 1925 their pockets and thrown to the floor, I attended one of this woman’s séanegg and I was completely mystified. She seemed to have no accomplices. I knew she had not left her seat during he manifestations, for I myself was holding her. However, my experience and m common sense both told me that her work must be accomplished by some natura] means, so the second time I visited her spiritualistic chambers I went prepared, As soon as the light was extinguished J poured a bottle of indelible ink over my hair. Ing few moments, as I expected, there came a light touch on my head. I moved my head so as to encourage the caresses, and the “spirit” spent quite a little time in pulk arranging it. the light went up, the secret of these mystifying manifes tations was plainly disclosed, for the hands of a little old woman who sat in a far corner of the room—by far the most innocent ap pearing person present— were black with ink! One thing that has im pressed me with regard to almost all mediums that I have seen and invectigat- ed is their startling lack of. originality, The methods that mediums use to impreg and mystify dupes today differ in few essential particulars from the methods that were used by the first mediums who sprang up like mushrooms after 1848 in the wake of the famous Fox sisters. — HE Fox sisters, Margaret and Katie, were the founders of spiritualism ag we know it today. They were two mischievous children of eight and six respectively, who lived on a farm at Hydesville, N. Y. To frighten their + mother they began dropping apples and making other similar noises on the floor of their bedroom while they feigned sleep. Later they learned to produce the sound of rapping by clever manipulation of their fingers and toes, and in a short time the superstitious country folk imputed super- natural powers to them. An older married sister saw com- mercial possibilities in the odd accom- plishments of the children, and exploited them widely. That was the beginning of spiritualism, and, although Margaret Fox made a full confession in 1888, explaining in detail how she and her sister had fooled the public for years, spiritualism has continued to endure, and the number of mediums hag in- creased steadily. Another point that I have noted with regard to mediums, a circumstance that should give any thinking person pause before accepting as genuine the manifes- tations he witnesses, is that no “spirit” materialized by a medium ever offers anything that is above the mental level of the medium. All spirits, that is, talk in character with the medium. (Continued on page 152) ing my hair and dig | AND then, via :

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November, 1925 New Engines for Motor Railway POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Radiafors Above: Locomotive with Diesel submarine engine and electric transmission, built for the Russian gov- ernment. Below: The latest oil-burning engine with steam auxiliary, which was designed in France By S. W. Clatworthy HILE the efficiency and economy of the motor-ship at sea long has suggested the advantage of motor-locomotives, the chief drawback to practical use of the internal-combustion engine on our railways has been its lack of flexibility. In other words, because it is essentially a one-speed engine, it is found incapable cf widely varying output of power to meet changing demands. Though remark- ably economical on ordinary stretches of road, the motor-locomotive cannot start a heavy train unassisted or climb a steep incline. Three of the most recent attempts to remedy this difficulty by auxiliary steam or electrical transmission are pic- tured here. The locomotive shown at the top has just been completed for the Russian government at the Hohenzollern Works in Germany. It employs electrical transmission, with five driving motors, Placed one in front of each pair of wheels. below Pistons A 1200-horsepower Diesel submarine en- gine forms the main power plant. The radiators are adequate only in cold weather. In warm weather a cooling tender must be added. While electrical transmission is found to involve a loss of 30 per cent in efficiency, this machine is said to be remarkably easy to control. Another oil-burning locomotive, designed in England. Steam, act- ing below the pistons, starts the engine going kshaft geared to Crankshaft The other two locomotives both use steam as the auxiliary, the center one being designed in France and the lower one in England. In each case stearr, acting below the pistons in the cylinders, starts the locomotive. After the neces- sary speed has been reached, the steam is used in combination with oil.

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16 How a Cowboy-Aviator Hunts The World’s Most Thrilling Sport Found in Ridding Western Grazing Land of a Million Outlaw Animals —Adventures of a Famous Buckaroo POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ° Breaking a Wild Captive—A Desperate Struggle Imprisoned in the corral, roped, and bridled, the magnificent outlaw fights desperately, fling- ing his white body high in the air in an effort to shake off his captors. A typical “‘broncho- busting” scene on the Montana range, where a campaign is on to exterminate wild horses HE great white stallion snorted, wild-eyed, muscles tensed, his gor- geous mane tossing in the breeze that swept across the vast desert of the Colorado Plateau. Behind their leader a shaggy band of mustangs trembled in terror. Out of the mighty depths of the Grand Canyon rose a humming roar that thun- dered through the spacious silence of the plateau as a great winged creature shot from the chasm at the North Rim and swooped downward, like a giant bird of prey. With a scream of warning the big stallion lunged forward, a flashing streak of white, while the pack of wild mustangs pounded the desert at his heels. Madly they tore across the waste of sagebrush and cactus in a terrified race to shake off the strange menace from the skies. The pursuer swung lower. Closer and closer it flew, until its great wings cast a shadow over the tossing, straining herd, and its roar drowned out the beat of flying hoofs. Mile after mile the relentless pursuit continued. Now a raw-boned mare at the rear of the band faltered, stumbled, and fell. Now a spotted colt wavered and lagged behind, all atremble. The terrific pace was beginning to tell. Suddenly the leader reared his white body high, wheeled about, and as sud- denly doubled back toward the canyon _rim, the other horses following. But the pursuer was not to be shaken off so easily. With banked wings it cut a sharp circle in the air, and once more the race was on. Reaching the rim the horses turned again, only to find that their canniest efforts to escape were in vain. And when at last the enemy soared away into the higher reaches of the desert air, it left behind a sweating band of exhausted, trembling bronchos—easy prey to the unerring lariats of cowboys. So ended the most spectacular wild- horse hunt since the days when the Indians and Mormon pioneers in the Colorado Plateau country ‘plane, swooping so low that he could November, 1925, mustered for pursuit would have been shaken off quickly by this fleet wild band, What he did was to prove that the air. plainly see the tossing manes and the rolling eyes of the frightened herd, was not to be outdistanced. So successful was his novel experiment that Chance recently launched a plan of campaign that promises to be a spectacular feature of the West’s general movement to capture the untamed bronchos that new roam the plains in such numbers they are looked upon as a menace to the cattle and sheep grazing industry. That the wild horses really are a menace is evidenced in Utah, for example, where several seasons of drought have brought trouble for the sheepmen, for it has been difficult to find sufficient grazing on winter range, With thousands of wild horses feeding in unrestricted freedom, the grazing has been cut down. ODAY sheepmen lie in wait for the wild steeds at the water holes. In- deed, it is not uncommon to count as many as 50 dead horses beside a water hole—slaughtered by sheepmen to pro- tect the range. In Montana it is esti- mated that 400,000 wild horses are running at large, while the number in Utah, Nevada, and Arizona probably will swell the grand total to more than a million. The range grass consumed by the wild herds in Montana alone, it is figured, would support 2,000,000 sheep or 800,000 head lof cattle. began rounding up the untamed descendants of the Arabian mounts of the + Spanish conquistadors. A most dramatic and thrilling race it was, for in it were matched all the cunning and speed of un- bridled horseflesh against the marvel of modern science—the airplane. The pursuing pilot in this first attempt to hunt wild horses by airplane was none other than “Chance” Parry, one of the most famous. wild- horse hunters of the West, and at the same time one of the most daring of aviators. The new manner of hunting was his idea. From his long experience on the plains aed he knew that the speediest horses that could’ be A fine herd of wild horses, trapped at a watet 40, a menace to cattle and sheep grazing. In the

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ber, 1925 CS rt ng 11s 00 ve been ild band, the air. 1e could and the erd, was periment . plan of >ctacular ement to hat new ers they he cattle That the videnced several t trouble . difficult er range, 2eding in zing has t for the les. In- count as a water to pro- t is esti- rses are imber in ably will | than a imed by ne, it is sheep or at a watet ng. In the November, 1925 Wild Horses By |. ARTHUR CHAPMAN Mr. Chapman is a noted writer of Western stories and verse. He is best known to the American public for his celebrated poem, “‘Out Where the West Begins’’ Chance Parry’s plan of campaign is to locate wild- horse bands and to follow them by airplane, holding relays of horsemen in readi- ness to take up the pursuit when the bronchos have be- come so exhausted by the chase, they can be cap- tured easily by the cowboys. In all the West there probably is no other man so well fitted to carry out this new method of hunting. Wherever the subject of wild horses is mentioned in the Southwest, the name of Chance Parry inevitably figures. His full name is Chauncey G. Parry, but he is well nicknamed, for the chances he has taken in saddle and airplane have brought him fame, even in a frontier land. pasey is a typical product of southern Utah, where the hardy Mormon pioneers learned their lesson of sturdiness and self reliance in the wildest, roughest school in the world. Even in a country where all children learn to ride as soon as they can sit upright, Chance’s feats of horsemanship as a boy became a matter of comment. The wild horses that he saw roving about the Utah ranges fasci- nated him. When he was only 10 years old he began to take part in the wild- horse hunts. And when he was at the age when most boys dream of acquiring POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 17 a steady-going Shetland pony, Chance was out on wild-horse hunts of his own, riding bareback and matching the speed of the best horses on his father’s ranch against the fleetness of these flitting equine shadows of the plains. Parry now is in his thirties—a typical keen-eyed, hard-sinewed Westerner of the outdoors. He has hunted all kinds of game in the depths of the great Kaibab forest, and has brought down cougars in the side canyons that lead toward the appalling chasm of the Grand Canyon. He has served with the U. S. Army Air Service in the World War. But hunting wild horses, he says, has brought him the greatest thrill of all. “It’s the greatest sport in the world,” Roped!—An Impromptu Wild West Show In the branding corral, the wild horses to be broken are roped and thrown. At the touch of the rope the outlaw begins a terrified struggle, which continues even after he is brought to the ground. At the left is “Chance” Parry, famous Western cowboy and aviator, the first man to hunt wild horses by airplane he told me, recalling some of his exciting experiences. “The wild horse is not only the swiftest, but the cleverest of animals. The ‘sportiest?’ way of hunting wild horses is to run them down in the open. In the past this has been done only by relays of riders. It is often very danger- ous, but there’s nothing like it for pure thrill. The only way to do it is to ride bareback, for this not only relieves your horse of the weight of the saddle, but often saves you from injury in case of a fall. Such hunting can be done success- fully only in relays, for no saddle animal, with a man on his back, can hope to get within gunshot distance of a wild horse.” T= wild horse of the Western plains has a proud lineage, though in many cases inbreeding and crossing with inferior blood have worked havoc with his appearance. Generally speaking, he is a descendant of the first Arabian horses brought to this country by Coronado and other Spanish explorers to assist in conquering the Indian tribes of Mexico and our own Southwest. Padre Escalante was the first of the Spaniards to take horses north of the Grand Can- yon when, in 1776, he set out to find a route from Santa Fé to the missions of California. In the course of his wanderings he penetrated what is now northwestern New Mexico, western Colorado, and southern Utah, and in these regions he left many of his fine Arabian steeds, some being lost, and others being driven off by un- friendly Indians. These horses formed the nucleus of the wild herds now roaming the Colorado Plateau region, including northern Arizona, Utah, and Nevada. Plains Indians from the North came down and captured horses from the Navajos, hole. campaign to capture them, “Chance” Parry proposes to run them down by low-flying airplanes Nearly a million of these animals roam the Western plains in bands of from six to 30 or b] Paiutes and other south- (Continued on page 163) seereenatners Pasntinmcincnt

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The Veteran For about a half century Adam Diehl has been erecting iron and steel. He ran away from home to become a tosser of fiery rivets, and was a foreman at 25. Now, a grizzled giant, more than 70 years old, he is still'on the job. In the accompanying article he explains the work of the men who fashion our huge skyscrapers By Peter Vischer THUNDEROUS bom- A bardment of air-guns assailed my ears with its deafening roar. Here and there on the gaunt metal network that stretched from beneath the sidewalk to 20-odd stories over my head, nimble, sure-footed pygmies scurried about or hung perilously from the edges of the frame. They were piloting huge steel girders into place, snatching red-hot rivets tossed to them apparently from nowhere, and driving them home with head-splitting clatter, hauling with fierce strength on the giant wrenches that locked the massive beams, roaring their hoarse directions to the hoist runners. The great skeleton of New York’s newest skyscraper was rising bone by bone from a huge pit in the crowded street. All was noise, bustle; seemingly confusion, too. The effect was stirring and impressive—even, I must admit, a bit terrifying. Adam Diehl, veteran boss of steel jobs, a grizzled, raw-boned giant who is now past 70 and has been handling iron and steel for half a century, stretched out a long arm in a gesture that included the whole scene. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY with Death Daring Adventures of Strong Men W ho Fashion the Steel in Our Skyscrapers he said with a “Those boys up there,” wink, while a quizzical smile “illuminated his weather-beaten face, “they’re just joy-riding. It may give you a thrill, son, to watch ’em running around up there like so many monkeys. To them, though, working aloft is just a joy-ride. Our big work—our hard work—we do where nobody sees us—down in the ground where we have to handle heavy tonnage in water, dirt, and loose rock while we set a foundation. That’s real work. Once we’re above the street, though, it’s a romp—and I don’t care if you go as high as the Woo worth Building, or higher. “Not,” he made haste to say, ‘that hopping round above the steeples, with nothing but a six-inch steel beam be- tween you and an introduction to the angels, isn’t dangerous. It is. There’s only one other thing a man can do that’s worse; and that’s handle dynamite. But most folks have an idea of our work that’s just exactly wrong. The higher November, 1925 | Every Day’s Work a Gamble “Just Joy-Riding” Steelworkers are ‘‘as comfort- able ’way up there as we are down here,” they tell you. At the left a group is eating lunch high up on one of New York’s newest sky- scrapers, with only a steel beam be- tween them and death. Above: Raising a finger of steel to the sky, a job that takes a very strong man the building, they figure, the harder the work. But it’s not so. Height we don't mind at all. We’re as comfortable ’way up there as we are down here. Steel- workers have level heads. Otherwise, instead of being steel-workers they’d be selling fish, or something. They’re never afraid. They’re squirrels, that’s what— quick with their hands, and their feet, and their minds. They don’t get rattled. When they do fall, you can bet it’s be cause something hit them and knocked them off. Yes,” he repeated with a reflective nod, “it’s a joy-ride—that’s all.” T TAKES gruff men to find so blunt a summary for the spectacular circus of structural steelwork; raising a finger of steel to reach for the sky. But that’s just what Adam Diehl and the other “boys” of his trade are—tough and hardy as the grim metal from which they shape the towering structures that make our modern cities: and the great bridge spars a be oe A ll ne ~ E e , , ? ehd nee rams Mm yy a nah bn’ oe Oana Ul lUl oe ke CUCU lO i a ee 6. ee

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ber, 1995 le 1e other .d hardy ey shape ake our ge spans November, 1925 over which speed our railroad trains and or-cars. Pe tees men, into whose bodies, into whose very souls has been fused some of the hardness and strength of the metal with which they work—they more, possibly, than the exponents of any other single trade or calling, carry for- ward the progress of civilization. For the story of our modern civilization and the story of iron and steel are one. Man’s progress dates from the day, 6000 years ago, when he first learned to make iron in his crude, tiny smelter. Each miie- stone in his climb to his world of today is marked by the discovery of some new use for iron or steel. And the men who fit modern steel into our great buildings and bridges are in every sense worthy of the importance that steel has held in shaping the world’s history. HEY have true courage, fine skill, and the love for their craft that is the mark of the real artisan. They, with their splendid contempt for hazards that would cause a less hardy breed to quail, may style the more spectacular phases of their work a “joy-ride,” but in their heart of hearts they know they skirt widely round the truth when they speak so. For structural steel-working, below ground or above, is no pleasure jaunt, but a thrilling, soul-trying man’s calling, crammed to the brim with romance, with adventure, with conflict, and with dangers that make heroic deeds merely part of the day’s work. A few weeks ago announcement. was made that construction will begin soon on the largest office building in the world in New York City, north of Grand Central Station. It is to be seven stories in the rock and 380 above. the street. Construction is to cost $19,000,000 and the building is to have 1,350,000 square feet of floor space, more than the great General Motors Building in~ Detroit, more than the Equitable Building in New York, the world’s two largest buildings at present. Huge columns of steel will be set down - experiences he has had POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY beside Grand Central, each one numbered, drilled with holes, all ready to be stood up and riveted together into the framework of a new marvel of engineering. Sounds very simple, doesn’t it? Quite like the joy-ride that old Adam Diehl described. But wait! All of those columns—and some of them weigh 60 tons apiece—will have to be hauled past the third rail of the New York Central tracks. Let one of them drop—a _ short circuit! High voltages transferred in a wink from the power rail to the mighty shaft of conductive steel! Sixty tons made suddenly alive with death-dealing current! A joy-ride, that? Scarcely. Nor am I suggesting merely a terrifying possibility. For that identical thing happened in those same Grand Central yards not long ago during the construction of a new apartment building on Park Avenue. No one was killed that time. Of the next time, though, who can say? Compared with such a job, erecting the upper stories of New York’s newly pro- jected 65-story hotel, eight feet taller than even so mighty a structure as the Woolworth Building, is child’s play, once the foundation is laid. For this and other famous skyscrapers are in their upper stories what the structural steel erector calls. ‘‘typical’’—square, . clean-cut work of a kind that the “boys” have per- formed time and time again. When they get away from the typical, though, their work becomes difficult and dangerous. ‘T Bus: Adam Diehl, telling me of the thrilling in more than a half-cen- tury of steel and iron- work, shook his head grimly when he men- tioned a comparatively insignificant structure —the electric tower erected for’ the Pan- American Exposition of 1901 in Buffalo, N. Y. ‘A “There was one,” said Diehl et ; phatically, “that was a beaut! Narrow, a temporary building, and so mechanically delicate, 475 feet high; and it had to be put up while the wind from Lake Erie blew in on us in gales. I'll tell you the boys had to hold on to that one with their teeth! There were 65,000 turned bolts in it, and we had to rivet in every blessed one of them by hand. “WV ELL, we got it up without losing a man. Then, after the exposition closed, they decided to take it down again and put it on top of a building in St. Louis. That meant cutting out those 65,000 bolts, and taking the pieces down in such shape that they could be set together again. We got off to a good start, and got most of it down. Then one day the wind got to blowing a little harder than usual, and a section collapsed. One of the boys tumbled down in it. He didn’t have a chance for his life. Three others, who got caught in the wreckage, were badly banged up, but managed to pull through. “And that wasn’t the worst accident I ever saw, by any means. I got an early look at one. When I. was a young fellow, breaking in, I got a job on some of Giving the Crowds a Thrill Occasionally the structural steel-worker re- lieves the monotony by giving the crowds be- low a real thrill. Such “stunts” as this young giant is performing, however, usually are discountenanced because of their hazards. Most of the structural steel-workers wandered to the jobs as boys, lured by its romance, its danger, and its many exciting adventures Spectacular as a Circus In building and repairing our great bridges, such men as those at the left perform feats that would make any circus audience gasp. For them it is all in the regular day’s work

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY odd jobs on construc- tion projects and soon became a_ favorite with the ‘pushers,’ as the foremen are known, because he was strong, active, and energetic, and because he could toss fiery rivets like a champion. | GOT into this,” he says, “‘because like most young boys I imagine I was strong in the back and weak in the head. However, I got along. The competition was stiff enough, because in those days you stayed down unless you could lick every man in the gang. But I was a foreman at 25°” In time, Diehl be- came a_ structural steel-worker, or bridgeman, and then began a nomadic ex- istence that has taken him to several conti- nents, working on all kinds of construction As Quick and Nimble as Squirrels “The builders of our towering skyscrapers and great bridges are like squirrels—quick with their hands, their feet, and their minds. don’t get rattled. When they do fall, you can betit’s because some- thing hit them and knocked them off, or because of bad weather’’ the Centennial buildings in Philadelphia, back in 1875. I was doing all sorts of odd jobs, learning the business. Now, Machinery Hall and the main exhibition hall had iron in them and they were going up without any trouble. But right next to them another building was going up in wood and bricks. “There were a lot of men on that job, all busy with their own worries. One day when the weather was bad, all of a sudden we heard a crunching and a grating and then there was the brick and wood all tumbling together. Men on scaffolds were falling in with the mess, yelling and hollering so you could hear them for miles. I can hear them yet, and I’ll tell you I’ll never forget it. The wind had just spilled that thing together and we had to unscramble it to get out the poor devils caught in it. Eighty- eight we found, and we laid them out on flat cars and along the street. That wasa dismal start for a young fellow, I’ll tell you. “‘@ INCE then I’ve seen fellows go down time and time again. And still, when you consider the kind of work the boys do, the casualties aren’t so heavy. Eight out of ten of the boys are six- footers and over and can take care cf themselves. And if you don’t believe that, you ought to see them fight. A good many of us live to a fine old age.” Diehl has worked on all kinds of steel construction. He was born in Phila- delphia and ran away from home because he didn’t like to go to school. He got projects — buildings, bridges, subways, elevated railways, They and ships. He is one of the best known men in the steel in- dustry, and well he might be, for he’s been at it since before there was steel, since the days when wrought iron had to be used. The whole steel industry knows Adam Diehl, and loves him. Diehl’s introduction to the steel busi- ness was rather typical. Most of the men in it wandered to it as boys. First they were ordinary roustabout boys, apprentices, doing odd jobs around and helping the iron-workers with their tools. Naturally, they were November, 1925 apprentices, and they spend many hours practising tossing and catching rivet, Eventually apprentices become full. fledged bridgemen or structural stegj. workers. Nowadays, in such cities ag New York, Jersey City, Newark, Pater. son, Atlanta, and Cincinnati, this means $12 a day for an eight-hour day, with double pay for overtime. (Rivet boys if they’re good, get eight dollars a day. which shows the esteem in which they are held in the steel industry.) Bridge. men do all kinds of work, from setting foundations a hundred feet below ground to making connections of steel beams hundreds of feet in the air. In time, bridgemen may become “pushers” or foremen, when they earn as much as $100 a week, sometimes a little less, sometimes a little more. But at heart they’re always bridgemen. “Bridges are the best,’’ says Diehl, “You work on a bridge and all is happy, You don’t have to argue with concrete men or carpenters, or with cops, architects, superintendents, owners, inspectors, or anybody else. ‘Sometimes, of course, bridges are no cinch. I remember once when I had just gone on vacation. I had had one day and three hours off when I got a hurry call to hop out to Ohio. I got to Zanesville and found the place under water. It was the time of the Dayton flood. Thousands of people were marooned, their homes wrecked. They were without shelter and were starving. They had no way of escape, for there was just one bridge left from Coe shoctonto Wheeling. Funny thing, too, that one surviving bridge was cement, cracked at that; and condemned to destruction. “you can bet they needed bridgemen, and they called them from places all the way from Frisco to Halifax. From all over the country they came to Zanes- ville to try and get trains and food and medicines and shelter out to women and kids who were going all to pieces from fear and hunger and exhaustion. “There was real work done there. We didn’t have any decent tools and we didn’t have steel. We managed to get (Continued on page 161) ambitious and their great ambition was to take the next step and become what is known as “rivet boys.” Now, many a youth would enjoy being a rivet boy. He is that spectacular young devil who tosses red-hot rivets from a fire to another of his gang who non- chalantly catches them in a pail some yards away. Here’s a true expert’s job, for a rivet missed up around. the thirtieth or fortieth story can do considerable dam- age before it. lands hundreds of feet be- low. Because the job is so exciting, it catches the eyes of young Perched High above New York’s Waterfront Theirs is a thrilling, soul-trying calling that demands level heads and courage. Only one job is more dangerous—handling dynamite

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ber, 1925 Ly hours Tivets, ne full. il steel. 9 Pater. S Means LY, With et boys, 3 a day, ch they Bridge. | Setting ’ ground beams become earn ag 3 a little But at 3 Diehl. s happy. concrete chitects, tors, or S are no had just day and urry call anesville It was 10usands r homes elter and. f escape, — from Co too, that , cracked uction. idgemen, m places x. From 0 Zanes- food and men and ces from Le $ nt ads and November, 1925 The ‘‘Carnegie’’ Has Satled 300,000 Miles to Make the Oceans Safe for Mariners By Hawthorne Daniel Ashore at Iceland Taking observations with a marine cor~ recting compass at Engen, Iceland. Mea- surements of compass variations made by the Carnegie have saved many wrecks D. C., is the strangest ship in the world. At present she: is laid up, with her decks hidden beneath a tentlike structure that covers her from bow to stern. But within a few weeks she will set out on the latest of a series of cruises around the world, engaged in one of the most unique missions on the seas. The ship is the Carnegie, a 155-foot brigantine, owned by the Carnegie Insti- tution of Washington and operated by the Institution’s Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. Her task is to voyage all To at her pier in Washington, . over the navigable waters to make a mag- netic survey of the oceans, to cruise in search .of the mysterious magnetic and electrical phenomena that appear to occupy all space, that attract the needle of com- passes, that cause the brilliant displays of the aurora borealis, that produce the radio bugbear—static—, and that assist inbalk- ing the waves sent out by radio stations. In her 16 years of voyaging she has passed through many thrilling adventures. She has been within 600 miles of the North Pole, and is the only ship that ever cir- cumnavigated the South Polar regions in a single season. The whole nautical world is indebted to the scientists on this little wooden ship, which already has sailed 300,000 miles. ‘THE Carnegie is like 10 other ship ever built because she is put together with practically no iron nor steel in her. It POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 21 he Strangest Ship Afloat Rs 4 G85 RE ae Learning Secrets of the Air One of the remarkable instruments used aboard the Carnegie, to determine electrical variations in the atmosphere above the sea —a study of increasing practical value to radio communication over land and sea was extremely important that a ship in- vestigating the world’s magnetism carry nothing to deflect the instruments. She is made of wood fastened with locust treenails, copper, and bronze. All rigging is of hemp, anchors are of bronze, and she has no anchor chains, using in- stead great manila hawsers 11 inches in cir- cumference. The chairs on board are put together with bronze fastenings. The cook uses aluminum and copper kettles. World Mariners of Science Above, at right, Dr. Louis A. Bauer, head of the magnetic survey, is shown observing magnetic dec- lination with a correcting compass. Ault, master of the Carnegie, stands beside him. Picture at left shows the Carnegie at Mauritius Island, Africa. This remarkable wooden brigantine has practically no iron nor steel in her. She is fastened together with treenails, bronze, and copper Captain J. P. If the sailors carry pocket-knives aboard, they must throw them overboard before sailing. Every bit of metal must be tested carefully with a magnetic needle before it is allowed on board. While the Carnegie is a sailing vessel, she carries an auxiliary motor and in this, steel could not be eliminated entirely. The specially built engine is made of brass, bronze, and copper, but the pistons and cams are of steel. AS THE ship wanders from North to South Pole, the scientists on board determine the variation of the compass. This information, used in charts prepared by the United States Hydrographic Office, in collaboration with the British Admiralty and the French, Japanese, and German governments, has saved hundreds of sailors from shipwreck. Compasses, as generally is known, rarely point exactly to the north. Be- cause the earth’s magnetic poles are approximately 1200 miles from _ their respective true or geographical poles, com- passes may point in any direction, de- pending upon where they are used. The difference between true north and the direction indicated by the north end of a compass needle, is known as the “yaria- tion of the compass.” This always must be determined by a navigator to find tis real position. The calculation is compli- cated, because the magnetic poles and the magnetic lines of force connecting them are shifting constantly and not in a regular manner. In the cruise that now is planned, the Carnegie will cross many hitherto un- studied regions, check up on earlier data, and gather new information about the electrical phenomena of the oceans.

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After the Battle This remarkable photograph shows the mangled _re- mains of warriors slaughtered in the terrific and ruthless battle between two tribes of ants recently in the London Zoo. Several hundred were killed and many oth- ers badly wounded HEY staged a battle over in the London Zoo recently. The keepers turned a thousand or more animals loose, urged them to attack each other, and before the mélée was over, several hundred had been killed and many others badly wounded. The London news- papers carried running accounts of the fight; excited spectators came to view it. Why was sucha thing allowed? Well, you see, all the “animals” were ants. That made it pretty safe for the human onlookers. But if you think that the battle was any less ferocious or deadly than a combat between tribes of wild- cats or herds of elephants, you are mis- taken. The ant, when properly aroused, can give any animal lessons in ruthless- ness. The most remarkable thing, however, was the way in which the opposing armies planned their campaigns and conducted their attacks. It was proof of that illuminating remark made by the great English naturalist, Sir John Lubbock, when he said, “‘Of all animals, the ant is nearest to man in all his actions.”? The remarkable intelligence of the ant, which makes him one of the most versatile creatures alive, has long aroused wonder; and here is a demonstration that he can use his brains in the heat of battle as well as in the calmer days of peace. T ALL started on a bright Monday morning, when one of the keepers at the Zoo placed a little wooden chip, not on an ant’s shoulder, but over the moat that separated two ant colonies—an old one that had been there for three years, and a new one just arrived. The chip served as a bridge, and for the first POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY pe Ant Legions Fight , Savage Battle in a ZOO By Carl Shoup Nove mber, 1925 A common worker ant magnified 500 times time made possible communi- cation between the two nests. A member of the old colony got curious. He sneaked across the bridge and penetrated into the new nest of ants. He never came back. That meant war, the old ants decided. But they did not lose their heads and dash pell-mell across the bridge, only to be swallowed up in a possible am- bush. Instead, they chose 10 of their best warriors and sent them out as scouts. These daring ants: crawled across the chip of wood, with the muddy water of the moat menacing them from below, and crept cautiously into’ the enemy’s territory. HEY found nothing. All the new ants were hidden away in their nest, unaware of the catastrophe impending. The wise scouts went back home. An excited council of war must have followed, for in a few minutes there issued from the old nest an imposing array of warriors, march- ing in ranks as orderly and well defined as the Macedonian phalanx. A few scattered ants running alongside threw the white sand up into little mounds that could serve as fortifica- tions in case “earthworks” were needed for defense. Then the whole band, now greatly augmented, swarmed across the bridge. A lone ant of the new colony was out taking the air when he saw the hostile band come pouring toward him. He was Carpenter ants tending their ‘‘cows’’—the aphids or plant lice—from which the ants learned to obtain sweet ‘“‘milk’” by stroking them with their antennae A Herd of ‘‘Cows’’ on the Dairy Farm brave, but he also was wise.- Therefore he hurried back to the nest to warn the others. In a few seconds all his com- rades were streaming out to the attack. a ar a ae” ae. ee. a ee. The carnage that rollowed was terrific. It sounds almost unbelievable, but the fight lasted for four days and nights. On one occasion an armistice was arranged but it lasted orniy a few hours. Evidently the terms were broken by one side or the Spee 2k et Sk

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mber, 1925 ht common orker ant agnified 0 times arm hhids or obtain itennae herefore rarn the is com- attack. terrific. but the nights. ranged vidently e or the November, 1925 RMY Formation, Trenches, Truces, Spies, Prisoners, and Strategy Mark Strange 4-Day W ar— Facts about these Amazing Creatures other, for the battle was resumed, and more wounded lay quivering on the white sand or floating helplessly in the water beneath the bridge, while dead -bodies lay strewn around everywhere. With their big mandibles, the warriors slashed at one another in individual com- bat. They tossed the weaker ones into the moat; or, failing this, cut off their opponents’ limbs and left them helpless. Y THURSDAY afternoon the invaders from the old colony had been driven back across their bridge and practically annihilated. Their fortifications were use- less, for the rout was complete. The new.ants took some of their captives for slaves, killed the rest, and then went back home. .The workers cleared the dead from the field, and all was peace. The intelligence and power of organiza- tion shown by the ant in time of war is no less marked in time of peace. This ‘amazing little animal not only is an efficient warrior; he is also an architect, a mathematician, a perfect nursemaid, a professional strong man, a farmer, a . doctor, and. an undertaker of distinction. . He displays teamwork and a force of will, equaled only by his fondness for gay life (including, alas! intoxication) and sports. Doctor Hermann Eidmann, fa- ' mous entomologist,.of Munich, Germany, assures us, too, that the ant can talk! * Consider, first, his skill as an architect. In East Africa may be found tall, slim towers of earth built up by the white ant, or termite. Some of these towers are 20 feet high. Imagine a creature only a quarter of an inch long constructing a ’ piece of architecture 20 feet in height! It is as if the ancient Egyptians had built 12 pyramids, one on top of the other. And the Egyptians at least had primitive A Skilful Home-Builder This is the home of a carpenter ant, an insect that is an expert architect and builder POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY The Strength of an Ant In a laboratory test a little field ant held in its jaws a weight 3000 times heavier than itself. To equal that exploit a man would have to dangle from his jaws eight freight cars loaded with iron tools, while the ant works with nothing except the limbs that nature gave him. ee THE mountains of Pennsylvania are * found some of the largest ‘‘ant cities’’ in the world. Most of them are built under ground, and the biggest one covers 30 acres. Think of 30 acres of ants! Think of the bewildering complexity of the subterranean passageways, and you will wonder how an ant ever finds his way back to his starting-place. Yet he does, by some mysterious sense of direction. The ant is the most efficient builder in the world, for he carries all his ‘“‘tools”’ and material with him. For instance, he can make a sort of millboard for his home by chewing up certain vegetable matter and causing it to stick together by means of a glue secreted in his glands. Perhaps the most striking demon- stration of the ant’s intelligence is afforded by the manner in which he builds a shelter among the branches of a tree by “sewing” leaves together. The full- grown ant can spin no “thread,” but the larva can, for it has to make a cocoon. So the adults fetch up their larve, which have been spinning their silk cocoons. A number of worker ants pull the edge of 23 two leaves together. An adult holds a larva in its mouth, pokes the latter’s head down on the leaves, and the little larva begins to emit silk at a good rate. The-ant holding it draws it back and forth across the two leaves, and since the silk sticks and hardens almost immediate- ly, a large number of such contacts have the value of stitches, and the “sewing” process soon is finished. The ant was the originator of the co- operative institution. He knows more about teamwork than any 40 football coaches combined. ust for callous curiosity, take a spade some day, find an ant hill, and cut it clean in two. Then notice what happens. For a few minutes the little animals will run around in desperation, but soon, as if some mysterious voice were commanding them, they will stop their aimless scutter- ings and get down to work, each doing the task nearest at hand. One will pick up the pupe, which cannot stand the light of day, and carry them into the The Giant-Killer A Below is seen an army “ ant of South America N lifting the leg of a huge insect after severing it from the victim’s body deeper caverns; another will seize a grain of sand and start to repair the nearest breach; still another will carry away any débris that has fallen in the tunnels. And the most peculiar thing about it all is that apparently no one ant directs the work. There is no leader, no boss. Yet they work like a machine. ‘Tas spirit of co-operation extends even to the fallen brothers, as ex- emplified in a rather laughable experi- ment once made by Sir John Lubbock. Sir John took a few unfortunates, made them drunk on hard liquor, and put them on a highway where sober ants were hurrying back and forth. The sober ones were quite excited at this disgraceful spectacle, and probably somewhat scan- dalized, but they picked up the drunken ants and took care of them, nevertheless. To be truthful, one thing must be noted: Some of the drunken ants were strangers, and these the sober rescuers ducked in a pool of water near by. ‘Their friends, they took home to safety. One must discriminate, of course. Did you ever think of the ant as a mathematician? Not that he delves into (Continued on page 173)

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SUTIN FPR inka ah Aaa ervey sperm ates hare SSS LOT TESTE eras EPR RRSP TT eee TON Sty oN Se TR r RLM La tna ER I Me ete MD od etn ins : 24 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY November, 1925 ~ Submarine Trains to Run on Stilts? ' GUIDING BUOYS ~ ARMORED PIERS 18Q FEET A French engineer’s plan for building an undersea route between France and“England across the English Channel by anchoring gigantic concrete piers to the seabed as a foundation for. a two-tube railway 340 FEET. SEA LEVEL y Dita: Engineer Plans Channel Tunnel Built on Great Concrete Pters OR more than a century, | ee of the most fascinating problems to the European engineer has been the building of a tunnel under the English Channel, to link France and England. One of the latest schemes jg that of a Frenchman, Comman- dant Veyrier. He proposes that, instead or boring a tunnel through the bedrock of the Channel, a succession of great reinforced. concrete piers shall be anchored to the sea bottom by means of strongly ballasted caissons. The piers would be sunk 340 feet from the surface. Once the piers were anchored securely, Commandant Veyrier’s plan calls for a double tube railway laid upon them, a section at a time, and fastened firmly to the supports, as shown at the left. At the end of every section of the tube railway would be a watertight compartment similar to the watertight bulkheads with which all modern vessels are fitted, These compartments would insure - a greatef amount of safety in the tube, since if one part of it were flooded, the rest: could be shut off immediately. Each tube would hold only one railway line—one for eastbound and the other for westbound trains. : Another engineer’s plan, sub- mitted to the British Houses of Par- liament not long ago, was to bore a tunnel through the bed of the Channel. This tunnel was to be slightly higher at each end, sloping downward perhaps a quarter of the distance, then slightly arched across the center. This was planned so that, in the event of enemy invasion, the tunnel could be flooded from either end. SANGATTE FRANCE An earlier scheme for submarine transportation under the English Channel. This is a double-tube tunnel, built with sloping ends and a slightly arched center. A control mechanism at each end would enable either France or England to flood the tunnel in case of an invasion by an enemy

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other. for lan, sub- ses of Par- s to bore 2d of the vas to be d, sloping uarter of ly arched ‘his was event of nel could nd. htly November, 1925 C(QjHAT K By G. B. Seybold ILL the new baby have brick- W red hair like his father? What chance has he for genius? Is there any lurking possibility that he may inherit insanity, tuberculosis, or other dread disease? Twenty years -ago such questions about an unborn child would have been dismissed as futile. Today these and scores of other questions concerning in- heritance can be answered with a startling degree of accuracy. The other day in the Psychopathic Laboratory of the Municipal Court of Chicago, two unique machines were in- stalled that seem to possess the amazing function of forecasting heredity. With a knowledge of the traits of your parents and grandparents, you may set the dials of the machines, give them a spin and read instantly the probable traits of your children, based on the latest theories and the known laws of heredity. These machines, under the direction of Judge Harry Olson, Chief Justice of the court, were designed by Dr. Harry H. Laughlin, an expert on eugenics and heredity. Their first purpose is to de- termine how largely heredity is responsible for crime, and already they are being applied to practical advantage. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY | 3 i y 2 ind of CHILDREN | Will You Haver Whether They'll Be Tall, Short, Fat, Thin, Sturdy, or Weak Now Can Be Told with Surprising Accuracy Amazing Machine Tells What Children May Inherit Chief Justice Harry Olson, of the Chicago Municipal Court, with the remarkable machine in- vented to forecast traits that children inherit. In the center of the device are two'rows of spools. The spools on one'side represent the 24 chromosomes, or agents of heredity, contributed by the mother. The other 24 represent those contributed by the father. Possible combinations of traits that the children of these parents may inherit are listed by spinning the spools around But in addition to determining responsi- bility in crime, the machines demon- strate graphically and understandably, many of the other mysteries of human heredity. One device consists of an upright grooved board covered with glass. Lead pellets, representing children, are dropped into the top and fall through various sets of grooves, each set representing a generation. The distribution of the pellets shows how children may be divided in succeeding generations in regard to vari- Three Sets of Twins in Three Generations These three generations of twins, who live in Omaha, Neb., offer striking evidence that the tendency to produce twins is inherited. 10 days of one another. brother and sister, 71 years old. Strange to say, all celebrate their birthday within In the center are Alton Avery and Mrs. Alta Avery Voorhees, twin The two women at the sides are Mrs. Jennie Avery Robb and Mrs. Josie Avery Hanson, 32-year-old twin daughters of Alton Avery; and the children are Jean Avery Robb and Bonnie Avery Robb, three-year-old twin daughters of Mrs. Robb ous traits. If there is an inheritable disease or other taint in the family, for example, the percentage of those affected in each generation will be shown. The other machine is based on what are known as chromosomes—mysterious, rod-shaped, microscopic particles in our bodies that science has discovered are the agents of heredity. “Every living species of animal has a definite number of chromosomes in the nucleus of each of its cells. Man has 48. A human cell is so small that there-are 70,000,000,000 in a cubic inch - of blood. Yet stored in each of-these tiny specks is a wonder box of human characteristics. In fact, chromosomes often have been likened to a tiny box filled with a number of traits. The manner of the chromosomes’ meeting (24 from the mother and 24*from the father) determines the characteristics of the children. HE possibilities for combination of traits are tremendous, because not only do the chromosomes link up in differ- ent ways, but their contents interchange. More than 6000 definite human qualities have been named so far. When all of the chromosomes shall have been identified, the estimated number of traits possible in human beings is expected to exceed 1,500,000. On the other machine, a row of 24 spools at the right represents the 24 chromosomes contributed by the father; a similar row at the left, the chromosomes of the mother. By spinning the spools, the possible traits of the children may be determined. Different traits assert themselves in dif- ferent ways. Some are called dominant, which means that they will assert them-

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sn ERY ED Seo — eeevearests See ACY: EEC ana Pa 26 selves over any trait of a contrary nature. A dominant trait will appear in all children. For example, if a father has baldness as a dominant trait, all of his boys very likely will be similarly bald and no hair tonic on earth can prevent it. Recessive traits, those that are weaker and tend to disappear, on the other hand, may skip one or more generations only to reappear, in which cases usually only a small number of the family are affected. It is because of this that marriage of first cousins so often is discouraged. Having chromosomes packed with com- mon traits, the union of cousins intensifies the possibility of the bad traits affecting their children, THE ancestry of cousins is fine and free from bad traits, no possible harm can result from their marriage, is the belief of many eugenists today. Doctor Douglas P. Murphy,of Rutherford, Conn., has been ‘observing for many years a family in-North Carolina in which there were seven marriages between first cousins following direct lines of descent. He reports that no effect can be noticed detrimental to the health of the children. Mental deterioration, physicalabnormality, and lowered vitality, said to result from such marriages, occurred in no instance. The laws known.as the Mendelian ratio, that explain the distribution of dominant and recessive traits, really are laws of chance. A very tall man marries an unusually short woman. His tallness dominates her shortness, and all of their children are tall. But while each member of this second generation is tall, each carries within hin chromosomes for producing short children as well as tall ones. If one of the second generation has four children, one of these probably will be tall, one very short, and two tall-short or medium. The extremes of this generation “breed pure.” That is, the tall child will have only tall children, the short one only short children; but the two with mixed traits each pro- duce one tall, one short, and two a combination of both traits. The little lead pellets dropping into grooves of the new heredity machine, falling where they will through chance, show how this surprising ratio works out. HE operation of each machine is based on a previous knowledge of what traits are heritable, obtained by long experi- ment with lower animals and study of family histories. Bodily build, for example, is clearly inherited, as is the color of the skin, eyes, and hair. Red hair is dominant over dark. Dark eyes are dominant over blue or gray ones, dark skin over fair. More remarkable is a recent interesting conclusion that your weight is hereditary as well as your height. Mrs. Jones, who taxes the scales at 210 pounds, complains, “But I don’t eat as much as my husband, -and he stays thin.”” Doctor C. B. Daven- port,director of thestation forexperimental evolution of the Carnegie Institution at Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y., explains that Mrs. Jones probably has ancestors who passed on to her the quality of turning food into fat. “Children of two thin persons,” says Doctor Davenport, POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY “never will grow fat. Fat persons, how- ever, may have children who always will remain thin.” Differences in sex have been found to be determined by heredity, but rules for its behavior have not yet.been found. It is known from observation that through certain lines of. descent the girls out- number the boys, or-vice versa. Doctor Clarence C. Little, who has made a special study of this, tells us that more boys than girls are born when the parents belong to different European races than ‘when they belong to the same race.. But exactly what proportion of children of any two parents will be girls and how Pellets Show How Traits Are Divided Another of the heredity machines invented by Dr. Harry H. Laughlin, eugenics expert. Lead pellets representing ¢hildren are dropped into the top of an upright grooved board. Each set of grooves represents a generation. The distribution of the falling pellets indicates how children may be divided by traits in succeeding generations many boys, cannot yet be determined. A tendency to produce twins has been shown to be inheritable. Doctor Daven- port found that the fathers of twins are about as likely to belong to twin-pro- ducing families as are the mothers of twins; in other words, that twins depend on the heritage of both parents. HeNt up the family records of the old-timers, those who lived to a ripe age of 90 or 100 years, and you will find evidence that long life is another in- herited trait. The best assurance of long life, advises Prof. Raymond Pearl of Johns Hopkins University, after long ex- periments, is to pick out long-lived November, 1925 parents and, before that, grandparents We all are wound up like clocks Professor Pearl explains, some for shop and others for long periods. Your len h of life depends largely on whether you have a strong and vigorous constitutj, and this is determined by the combj tion of traits handed down to you, Of course, the fact that you are wound up for 90 years doesn’t mean, necessarily that you will live that long. An eight. day clock may fall off the shelf on the second day and stop ticking; you May sink in a pond while swimming, and stop ticking, too. Or, if you live rapidly ang strenuously, as did Theodore Roosevelt you may have a more interesting time but will use up your alloted period and die earlier. Doctor Pearl based his conclusions partly upon experiments with banana o fruit flies, whose life cycle has been found to be extraordinarily similar to that of man. A day in this fly’s ‘life is equal to a year of man’s. At 90 days the fly is as decrepit as a man of 90 year, Watching the length of life of these flies through successive generations, convinced Doctor Pearl that heredity is the doni-: nating influence in longevity. He tested the effect of speed in living on four aloino rats kept in a revolving squirrel cage. The average age at which these hard-working rats died was 295 months, while three rats confined jn stationary cages attained an average old age of 40.3 months. on; na- ALONG similar lines, Prof. M. F, Guyer, of the University of Wiscon- sin, announced recently after years of experiment that it was possible for mothers to transmit resistance to disease to their children. By inoculating suc cessive generations of rabbits with germs of typhoid fever, he said he was able to develop in their blood an anti-body that the mother transmitted to her offspring, making them immune to the disease, Rabbits of the fifth generation were able to withstand 30 or 40 times as many typhoid germs as the original rab- bits. Malformations and weaknesses, un- fortunately, are heritable, science tells us. Even worse, the majority of those so far investigated are found to be dominant traits. Extra fingers or toes, union of fingers and toes, a white lock of hair, cataract of the eye, drooping eyelids, night blindness (inability to see a faint light), color blindness, defective eyesight, scaly skin, deficiency in sense of smell, toothlessness, abnormal tendency to hem- orrhage, very small eyes, certain forms of deafness, St. Vitus dance, syphilis, and epilepsy all are passed on_ through chromosomes. NY mutilation or destruction to 4 part of the body during a lifetime, either through accident or disease, of course is not passed on. If a man losesé leg in a railway accident, his children wil have two good legs just the same. Certain breeds of dogs have had their tails clipped short at birth for hundreds d generations, but the new-born puppy wags a tail as long as the one his ancestor had centuries ago. : Heredity often is blamed for disease (Continued on page 140)

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aber, 1925 dparents, e clocks, ~~ short ur len ether stitution: combing. you. ire wound ecessarily, An eight. lf on the you may and stop pidly and Roosevelt, ting time, eriod and onclusions 2anana or een found 0 that of is equal iys the fly 90 years, these flies convinced the doni-' 1 in living revolving » at which was 295 nfined in verage old f. M. Ff, f Wiscon- years of ssible for to disease ating suc- vith germs as able to body that offspring, e disease, were able 2s as Many iginal rab- asses, Un- ce tells us. - those so - dominant . union of k of hair, ig eyelids, see a faint e eyesight, > of smell, cy to hem- in forms of philis, and 1 through ction to a a lifetime, disease, of nan loses a hildren will 1e. Certain their tails undreds of rn puppy is ancestor or disease November, 1925 A Million Dollars’ Worth of Small POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY These half-dozen inven- tions that you can hold in your hand have made for- Inventions bee Rd 1} tunes for their creators Why Simple Inventions Have Proved Most Profitable Even the Safety-Pin Made a Fortune—Everybody Needed It MAN of inventive turn of mind A spent an afternoon on the golf M links. He watched each player, before he drove off, take a handful of damp sand from a sand-box on the teeing ground, kneel, and fashion a more or less symmetrical mound of sand. upon which to perch the ball. It seemed a mussy, bothersome process, and it had to be gone through 18 times on each round of the course. There must be a better way. He thought it over inventively. The result of his thinking was a patented golf tee consisting of a pointed pin of light wood with a slightly concave head. There is nothing startling about this invention. The tee is not much more in effect than a glorified carpet tack. It is one of those simple but ingenious things that ‘‘anybody might have thought of.” But golfers buy it. Several million have been sold. There was a ready-made demand waiting for the novel little tee, and its retail price is so low that almost any player is willing to “take a chance” and give it a trial. Another man of an inventive turn of mind saw London nursemaids pushing baby-carriages along the sidewalks. He decided to invent a motor baby-carriage. He did invent one, and patented it. The nurse stands on a platform behind the carriage and pilots it along at a dizzy speed of five miles an hour. This motor baby-carriage is a much more complicated apparatus than is the little golf novelty. It cost more in time and effort to perfect and to manufacture, and it costs a great deal more to buy it. Yet it is extremely unlikely that its By Arthur Grahame inventor will reap nearly as large a financial harvest as will be gathered by the inventor of the simple little golf tee. There are even more babies than there are golfers in the world, but only a few parents are able and willing to invest in motor baby-carriages. Yf you want to make your inventive ability pay you big dividends, invent something that great numbers of people will want and will be able to buy—some- thing that will do away with or lessen some petty annoyance of ordinary life, and that can be manufactured and sold cheaply. Many of the most profitable inventions have been extremely simple—among others, the safety-pin, ‘‘Mrs. Potts’ ”’ flat- iron with the detachable handle that stays cool while the iron gets hot, which made a half-million dollars for its in- ventor, the crinkled hairpin that stays put in a woman’s hair, and Eskimo pie, that comparatively new hot-weather delicacy that earned a big fortune for the man who patented it. A big demand was waiting for every one of these inventions. “T HAVE found that a much larger consideration can be secured for an invention if you can prove that a market exists for it,’”’ said a professional in- ventor of small articles, when I asked him what, from his 20 years of experience, was the first requisite of profitable in- vention. “The first step in invention, if one has no particular invention in mind,” he went on, “‘is to examine various articles in general use and see if an improvement can be made on one of them—an im- provement that will make the article do better work, and that will make it less costly.” “¥ DRIFTED into the business of in- vention during a long siege of ill health,” another inventor told me. “Try- ing to find some way of passing the time, I bought a guitar. I soon tired of merely strumming the chords and playing a few simple exercises, and devised a new method of stringing that, to my surprise, made it possible for me to play popular airs on this heretofore rather limited musical instrument. I secured a patent on my improvement, and before long two manufacturers were paying me _ sub- stantial royalties. ‘After I got back my health I devistd another musical instrument, a combina- tion of the mouth harp, or harmonica, and the zither, the tune or melody being played on the harp while the accompani- ment was being picked out on the strings. Local capitalists financed this invention and we soon had a prosperous business, which was under my management. And from that time I have devoted myself exclusively to invention.” Another inventor explained to me a system of marketing his products that he had found profitable. “Often,’’ he said, ‘‘instead of offering an invention for sale, it is more profitable to the inventor to organize a local company to manufacture it, taking stock and an (Continued on page 142)

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Sea ee ee . 28 | POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY November, 1935 W hat a Junkman Has Learned about Your Car The Carelessness of Drivers } Brings Him a Fortune FRANK says: “If you could see all the worn bearings, gears, and frozen pistons that I do, you’d soon understand how important it is to have your car well heeled with high-grade oil. The poor stuff simply turns thin when it gets hot. “Plain carelessness of drivers ruins at least a million motor-cars every year. Reckless speeding, overloading, failure to learn how to drive correctly, and neglect of essentials such as lubrication, are the things that send cars to the junk heap—and I profit.” Where Old Cars Go A corner of the ‘“boneyard,” showing Frank the Auto Wrecker standing beside piles of steering- wheels, wheel bases, and tire rims Frank’s business card says that he can supply you with “anything, from a crank handle up to a tail-lamp.” In his three wrecking plants, one on the East Side and two across the river on Long Island, he has By Edgar C. Wheeler T LEAST a million and a half of the seventeen-odd million motor-cars counted in the United States a year ago, havevan- ished from the road. While some _their places, this vast weather- three million new cars have come glistening from factories to take in stock the parts for 400 different makes of cars. He stores anywhere from 380 to 300 beaten army of 1,500,000 vehicles —more than enough to form a single line clear across the continent—has passed silently and mysteriously into oblivion. Where have they gone and how? Have they simply been worn out and thrown into the junk heap? Are they. repre- sented by the tragic derelicts you oc- casionally see rusting and rotting away in some littered back yard or vacant lot? Just what has become of them, anyway? On New York’s upper East Side, near where the Queensboro Bridge throws its span across the East River, there is a cavernous brick building where rules a swarthy giant of a man. If you should have occasion to visit this place, you might believe you were stepping into some modern fairy story as grim and romantic as any tale of giants of old. For you would find this giant prospering amid huge heaps of the bones of vanished motor-cars. He would tell you, with a cigar butt in one side of his mouth and a smile spreading across the’ other, of the strange fates that have brought auto- mobiles and motor-trucks by the hundreds and thousands there to his grim castle of wreckage. And he would tell you the secret of where the autos go: ¥ OTOR-CARS don’t wear out; we chop ’em up into hash!’ The name of this up-to-date giant is Frank—simply Frank the Auto Wrecker (nobody would know whom you meant if you called him Frank Palecek). And it is on the very fact, as stated by him, that motor-cars never wear out—never en- tirely—that Frank the Auto Wrecker has built a comfortable fortune within the last 10 years. He.is one of a few aggressive and successful men throughout the country who of late have established a thriving new industry—that of “chopping up” used cars and reselling their parts for what cash they will bring. cars at a time, waiting for the slaughter. He has bought out- right as many as 326 cars at once. The vast heap of automobile “bones’’ piled in the rear of his building is a jumbled, unsorted mass of springs, steering-posts, transmissions—every item, in fact, that goes into the making of a motor-car. On the floor in one corner is the rear end of an old Benz car of 1910 vintage, weltering in its own grease and oil, undergoing the “hashing” process. Scattered about it are a score of nuts and bolts of as many sizes. The walls of a dark passage leading into the “bone: yard” at the rear are lined with box- like compartments, each bearing the name of a particular make of car, and each containing an assortment of parts for that make. ACUSTOMER comes in, a mechanic from a near-by garage. “Frank,” he says “I want the aluminum crankcase from that last sedan you got.out there in the

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>‘mber, 1935 | AT rs mp, ty — ens ; Go oneyard,” > Wrecker ’ steering: | tire rims card says r you with -ank handle ." a its, one on two across and, he has s for 400 cars. He m 30 to 300 ‘ing for the bought out- once. The ynes”’ piled a jumbled, ering-posts, fact, that ytor-cer. ner is the ar of 1910 grease and x’? process. ore of nuts The walls the “bone: with box- earing the of car, and nt of parts a mechanic Frank,” he nkcase from here in the ‘gaid Frank, “that there isn’t a single part of a car, no : November, 1925 lot. Are you willing to break ’er up?” “Syre,” says Frank. “You can have it for $20.” The mechanic pays down the cash and the deal is closed. NOTHER customer—this time a A’ motorist. He wants a set of gears to replace the ones he has just stripped. Frank goes to the cupboard marked with the name of the man’s make of car and pulls down a set of gears that shows very little sign of wear. “Just the thing,” says the motorist. “If I bought this set new, I’d pay twice the price.” Thus, bit by bit, does Frank dispose of and profit from the cars that have seen their last days on the road. The story of his own rise to fortune offers a vivid illustration of how pleasure cars and motor-trucks disappear from sight by the million every year. Ten years ago Frank was in the trucking business in a small way and the business wasn’t prospering. He was eking out a living with a single truck, and he had run that truck hard for seven years—so hard, in fact, that it had seen its best days. Whenever he went out on a job with it, he couldn’t be sure of getting there and getting back. Frank’s ready cash was low. He didn’t have enough money to buy a new truck, but he had an idea. “T’ll chop this old thing up,” he said. And he did. Old and wheezy as the truck was as a whole, some of its parts were still in good running order, and he sold them for $25. With this capital in hand, he went out in search of more motors to make ‘“‘hash’’ of. In a storage garage he found a truck that was held for rent, and be bought it for four dollars. HAT was a bargain, and it gave him a real start. Selling the good parts, buy- - ing other cars, selling the parts, buying more cars—by this method the business grew, little by little, until it eventually brought him financial independence. He never keeps books nor price lists; but he knows every part of every car and what it is worth on the market. “‘T’ve learned,” matter how old it may be, that isn’t worth something. The working parts that still are good always can be used to repair other cars; those that are worn can be sold for scrap. The leather in the upholstery goes into making shoes and pocketbooks; the hair stuffing always is wanted by uphol- sterers. Assorted nuts and bolts I sell by the barrel to garage men. I even sell the old oil and grease—to the soapmakers!”’ Meanwhile, fromhis daily observation and study of his piles of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ways of motorists and why their cars leave the road to fall under his chopping- block. “The average life of a car,” he said, “‘is about five years. With some cars it is only two years. If at the end of that time a car is overhauled completely, it may last three years longer. “Why don’t cars stay longer in the running? There are a number of good reasons, but the chief one is poor lubri- cation—not only lack of oil, but lack of good oil. “Just the other day a fellow came in here and sold me his five-passenger tour- ing-car—three years old, and making a noise like a pack of lions caged in a saw- mill. This bird was sad. Wagged his head. ‘You know, I can’t understand it at all,’ he complained. ‘A friend of mine bought a car just the time I did—the same kind of car, too,—and his is running good yet. And just look at mine!’ ““*What kind of oil have you been using?’ I asked. ***Well, you see, I’ve been saving on my oil bill,’ he told me. ‘Found a place where I could get it cheaper—15 cents a quart most of the time—but I don’t know exactly what kind of oil it was.’ “S° THAT poor oil was the finish of his car on. the road, and that was why he brought his car in to me to be chopped up for hash. If you could see all the worn bearings and gears and frozen pistons that I do, you’d soon understand how important it is to have your car well heeled with high-grade oil. The poor stuff hasn’t any body. It simply turns thin, like water, when it gets hot. “But bad oil isn’t the only reason why cars give out, by a long shot.” As if to emphasize his point, Frank went to a pile of junk and hauled out a set of gears and a crankshaft that he had taken from a high-powered car. “Look at this,’’ he said, pointing to a crack clear across the first and largest gear. “The speeder who owned that car just couldn’t make his left foot behave on 29 the clutch. How do I know? Because I sold him two sets of gears beside this one. Every time he would go to start that high- powered car of his, instead of easing the clutch in slowly, he’d let ’er in with a jerk that would tear away at the workings. Something was bound to give sooner or later—the gear, the shaft, or the rear end. In this case the gear cracked straight across. He never could learn, or at least he never took the trouble to. Finally he got disgusted and sold me the whole out- fit. Said he wanted a new one.” A MACHINE that obviously had been through a frightful wreck lay close to the pile of parts, a ghastly mass of splin- ters and twisted metal. “Now that,” said Frank, ‘‘is the kind of a mess I get from a driver who won’t take it easy. You’ve seen the kind I mean many a time. He drives by fits. One minute he’s going 50 miles an hour, and the next minute he’s jamming on the brakes. Never can seem to move easily along at an even pace. “Every time this fellow slammed on his brakes, he not only wore down his brakes, but he racked the driving mech- anism from stem to stern, he wore out his tires, and he put a terrific strain on the whole car. And at last he got what was coming—as nearly all such drivers do sooner or later. One evening when he was going like mad, he hit a sharp turn in the road. He jammed his brakes, as usual, but the terrible side strain as he made the turn actually pushed one of his front tires clear off the rim. He lost con- trol, landed in a ditch. And this here is all that was left.” In Frank’s place there was plenty of evidence of other kinds of carelessness and recklessness. One machine—a pitiful ghost of many a joyous motor party— drooped and sagged, for all the world like a broken-down, overworked nag. PBANE stood studying the wreck for a moment, then conjured up a vision of the machine when it was sleek and new. It had been a light five-passenger sport model of a popular make, he recalled. The owner, when he bought it, had been wildly enthusiastic. “Come on, folks,” he had said to his neigh- bors, “‘let’s all take a ride.” And they all piled in—10 of them. Some crowded into the seats, others rode the runningboards, and others sat on the fend- ers. The springs sagged. Everything sagged. The sleek new car groaned under twice the weight it was supposed to carry. The motor strained to pull the load. Ard that was the begin- ning of the end of the machine’s short life cf chopped-up cars, Frank the Auto Wrecker has gained a vast knowledge of the name of a particular make. How Auto “‘Hash”’ Is Assorted According to Make The parts of “chopped up” cars are sorted into boxlike compartments, each bearing the Frank has in stock the parts for 400 different makes of cars—anything “from a crank handle to a tail-light,” and innumerable nuts and bolts usefulness. “This business cf overloading,” ru mi- (Continued on page 141)

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a ae arr entree - —

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POPULAR .SCIENCE MONTHLY November, 1995 There’s Magic in Numbers Simple Tricks with Figures that Will Mystify Your Friends—How to Read Your Fortune worry about it—you’re in good company. Any number of clever, even «brilliant people are terrified by arithmetic, while the very thought of the higher mathematics makes their heads reel. There is a sort of inhuman morality about numbers. They cannot lie. They are incorruptible. However, even the uncompromising numbers have their moments of relaxation. While they cannot lie, there are times when they seemingly do so; and they amaze and deceive the most scholarly. And also they have powers and qualities quite distinct from their purely scientific and ordinary uses. I YOU have no head for figures, don’t By Karen Adams the month in which he was born. Say he was born in August, or the eighth month, then 2 times 8 equals 16 Add 5 r 21 Multiply by 50 oe 1050 Add age (15) ee 1065 Subtract 365 fe 700 Add 115 Pe 815 The subject does all this figuring as you direct and gives you the final total, 815. You then are able to tell him he was born in August (first number, 8) with Numerals and is 15 years old (last two numbers) A more elaborate stunt is to determine a figure erased from a series. Ask some one to think of four or five figures, o, even more. Say he takes 45938. Tell him to add the separate digits; 4 plus 5 plug 9 plus 3 plus 8 equals 29. Have him gyb. tract the result (29) from the original figures, which leaves 45909. Then have him strike out one figure from the 45909 Ciphers cannot be stricken. Say he strikes out the4. Then have him total the figures that are left. Five plus 9 plus 9 equals 23. This total he gives to you. You then think of the nearest multiple of 9 higher than the total, which in this case would be 27, .

Among these we may include (3 times 9). You then subtract

the powerful influences exerted by certain numbers all through recorded history, in mythology, and even in our life today. Take the sinister 13. Who will deny its power? Again, there is the mystic 7, symbol of luck since numbers were invented. It has been dramatized and exalted above all numbers. The 3 was featured highly in pagan systems of religion. It is the number of finality ex- pressing the superlative degree of effort or excellence. We have it in the auctioneer’s “third and last call’’; children use it in their games; the hero always wins out on the third attempt. INE is the highest-powered digit, hence it always has been associated with quantity, magnitude, and ideas of gran- deur. It is susceptible of more juggling than any other nu- meral. One of its many peculi- arities is that the digits of any of its multiples, when added to- gether, always total 9. Thus, 3 times 9 equals 27. The digits in this, 2 plus 7, equals 9. Try any other combination and you will get the same result. Among the most interesting number stunts with which it is comparatively easy to mystify your friends are “boomerang”’ tricks, so called because of the process of sending a number forward by addition and multi- plication, and bringing it back by subtraction and division. In an amusing game of this nature one may determine a person’s age. The trick proves very puzzling, yet it is really simple to perform. Supposing the subject’s age is 15, this is the way you will determine it: Tell the subject first to

that umns. and 32, which, a Tells Your Age i. a ee ae Se i —- s. £ a 5 i on ae ae 2 a oe oe 9 10 12 12 20 36 11 11 13 13 21 37 SS oe oe a a a ie fo ae a a VS ae i he ee ee 21 22 22 26 26 42 3 38> +B. 27 Bow ho aa ae oe eo | 7-8 > DB 29 45 9. 30°30 - 30 30 46 a re i ee SS a a ee eee Ss FF 2. Se. 2 9 a 9 a 3 ee 39°90", 39 Mh SE a rt ee ee aes ee “o6 6-64.43 % 6. 46 46 4S OO 9: AT 472 24T 5S OS 9: 50 §2 Gl 61h. 61 61 62 62 62 62 62 6..6°: 3 8-68: 6 The top A Mystifying Table that To learn a person’s age, ask him to tell you in which column or columns of this table his age looking at it. This concealed appears. Then add the figures at the top of +i columns he names. If, for example, his age is 36, he will tell you is age appears in the third and sixth col- figures of these columns are 4 ed, give the correct answer. / the total, 23, from 27, leaving 4, which, you tell him ig the number he struck out. If the total he gives you is an equal multiple of 9 such as 18, 27; or 36, then the number he struck out is a 9. A similar trick appears very mystifying. Ask a person to think of two numbers, from 1 to 6. You then offer to tell what the numbers are. This is the way to do it. Suppose the numbers the per- son had in mind were 4 and 6. Ask him to double the first number. ; 2 times 4 uals 8 — 5 en a : ultiply by 5 a, Add second . sd number (6) = 1 OU then ask to be told the total. From the total (71 in this case) you subtract 25, leaving 46. The number at the left in the final figure is the first number your subject chose, and the number on the right is the second. This trick can be done with two dice, guessing the numbers on the upturned faces without seeing them. ; Here is another trick, ht proves very baffling. ave some one set down a number containing five figures. With this before you, you write down a number on another sheet of paper, which you fold and ask the subject to keep without der the first row of figures the of five. .Urider that you puta Ask the subject to add the

multiply by 2 the number of (Continued on page 157)

number will be the answer. Un- : subject sets down another row | row. The subject then addsan- § - other row and you do likewise, § making five rows altogether. ©

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ber, 1925 rs umbers), etermine sk some. sures, or Tell him 5 plus 9 him sub. Original hen have 1e 45909, 1e strikes 1e figures This total nk of the the total, ild be 27, . | subtract le leaving m is the t. If the an equal 18, 27; or he struck ears very erson to from 1 to tell what 1is is the s the per- 4 and 6. the first als 8. ‘ a : ‘ 71 » told the total (71 tract 25, ber at the re is the subject gures the other row you puta 1 adds an- | ) likewise, | Itogether. add the 157) _ harmful, deadening the ‘activities of mind and sleep faster than others, ‘it does not result in - eight students declared » they felt ‘in fine Toe, 17 years old, and November, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 31 Is Sleep Just a Useless Habitr Scientists Seek to Reclaim the Hours Now Lost in Slumber that you, like most of the rest of us, spend in the mysterious stupor that we call sleep—what is their purpose? Practically a third of your life you spend in the blank unconsciousness of slumber. Is this really necessary, as physicians long have believed, to rest your tired body and mind and restore your nervous energy? Or is it simply a useless and tragic waste of a third of the precious hours of a lifetime? A few weeks ago eight students cf George Washington University—four men and four women—under the supervision of Prof. Fred A. Moss, head of the university's Department of Psychology, voluntarily submitted themselves to a test of 60 continuous hours of wakefulness. Ties eight hours out of every 24 One purpose of the experiment was to _ answer this very question—of whether sleep actually is vitally necessary. And while the answer was in no way conclu- sive, it seemed to tend to corroborate the conclusion reached by other scientists in recent months: That sleep, instead of being a “‘blessed thing,” really may be a wasteful habit handed down to us by our primitive ancestors. While Professor Moss declares his ex- periments are just beginning, his findings in the first test with the eight university students reveal these surprising dis- coveries: Sleep really is a kind of intoxication. Like drunkenness, it has to be slept off. Too much sleep, like too much intoxica- tion, actually may be body. Some persons can By training yourself to sleep rapidly, you should be able to sleep the equivalent of your present eight hours in six hours, thus adding two hours, or 25 per cent, to your normal allotment of eight hours for productive work. N THE last three years ProfessorM oss has reduced his own period of sleep to six hours’ without impair- ing his efficiency. While prolonged wakefulness causes ex- treme drowsiness and irritability, apparently any harmful effects on the body. At the end of their long vigil, the shape.” ‘Indeed, two of them, Watson Mon- Ward. Back row, left to right: By Newton Burke Lester Petrie, 35, were not satisfied when they reached the 60-hour goal, but ex- tended their sleeplessness to 80 hours. And even then they expressed their willingness, when they were ordered to bed, to keep awake indefinitely. ; Further, in tests of the students’ ability to drive cars, Professor Moss found that while a person’s capacity for operating an automobile is lessened after 50 hours without sleep, there is a noticeable im- provement after 55 hours. Similar indications that sleep may be nothing more than a habit that can be thrown off, at least to some extent, were developed during experiments several months ago by Dr. Nathaniel Kleitman and Dr. N. F. Fisher at the University of Chicago, and described in the July issue of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. Remaining awake for five days and four nights—115 hours, to be exact—they found they could shake off the invasion of slumber by keep- ing their muscles contracted. Among notable scientists who have been studying the mystery of sleep, there is one—Dr. H. L. Hollingworth, pro- fessor of psychology at Columbia Uni- versity—who has gone so far as to advance the astonishing theory that it may be possible to develop a sleepless race. He declares that eventually we may eliminate sleep entirely by scaling They Stayed Awake for 60 Hours Professor Fred A. Moss (center), head of the Psychology Department of George Washington University, with the eight students who stayed awake for 60 hours and more under his supervision. Lester Petrie, Thelma Hunt, Professor Moss, Katherine Omwake and Robert Dr. W. Middleton, Alice Haines, Louise Omwake, and Watson Monroe. Two of them kept awake for 80 hours Front row, left to right: it down gradually and getting accustomed to going without it. A way to do this, he suggested, is to reduce our sleep five minutes every two months. At the end of 16 years, provided we start at eight hours a night, “the stupor of sleep would be banished—if it could be.”’ OCTOR HOLLINGWORTH alls sleep a ‘‘tragedy to which we should give the same consideration that we do to cther human ills.” His theory is that our Ceep-rooted desire for slumber is _ in- herited from our remote ancestors who, when night fell, were hemmed in by a wall of blackness. Without lanterns and without electric lights it was. impossible for them to carry on the activities of the day. They had nothing to do, and naturally when night came they fell into a sort of blank stupor which continued until Caylight returned. That, says Professor Hollingworth, is why so many of us begin to feel drowsy when night comes, and why you nod and go to sleep before your fireplace at the end of the day. Other scientists, notably Dr. Frazer Harris, Dr. A. W. Crile, and Prof. Arthur Cotton, are endeavoring to find a substitute for sleep. Believing that the need of slumber is caused by electro- chemical reaction in the brain cells, which drains them of their vitality, Pro- fessor Cotton has been working on an electric apparatus that he believes will recharge the worn-out cells by direct electric current instead of by sleep. Whatever may be the final solution to the every-day mystery of sleep, the fact remains that some men can do without sleep to a very large extent and still achieve great things. Thomas Edison, for one, has given striking cemonstration of his pet theory that sleep is largely unnecessary. Such men as Napoleon, Frederick the Great, Schiller, and Tesla have been satis- fied with from three to five hours’ sleep daily. If they can do it, why not everybody? N AVERAGE man of 45 years today has spent about 15 years of his life in slumber. Despite the latest experiments, however, it is the con- census of scientific opin- ion that thus far there has been developed no way for the average man to reduce his sleep materially without a bad effect on his health,

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OSLO aera C(Q)hat Airways Promise Us Vast Network of Freight and Passenger, Mail and Express Lines to Cover Entire Nation By Robert E. Martin plane from New York to Washington! Twenty years ago you would have been laughed out of court if you had suggested such a thing; but today it actually has been 2ccom- plished. Today it is possible to transport not only grand pianos, but. almost any article you could name, from a sewing-machine to a kitchen stove, all the way across the continent through the air from New York to San Francisco. In fact, only recently a wealthy sportsman even negotiated to have a race horse carried from one city to another across the sky! Such marvels of transportation, undreamed of only a few years ago, simply testify to the fact that America, undaunted by tragic mishaps like the loss of the Shenandoah, is forging ahead in aerial navigation to an extent that is amazing the world. Mail routes, passenger routes, freight routes now ex- isting form a nation-wide network of airways that promises before long to cover the United States more thoroughly and speedily than any other means of transportation. The necessity of rushing a piano through the sky is not apparent, but there are other types of freight where speed of transportation means a tremendous economy. In carrying perishable vegetables and fruit, for instance, the need for hundreds of tons of ice to keep them in perfect condition does not exist on the air routes. In the first place, the fruit is trans- ported so quickly that it has no time to decay and, in the second place, the pilot of the freight airplane always can seek a higher level where the air is extremely cold, even in summertime. . FEW weeks ago a grand piano was transported by air- AS FAR as passengers are concerned, the airplane now has taken a well-defined place in our scheme of transportation. Regular air routes for passengers are now in use in many parts of the country and more routes are being planned. And, in ad- dition to the regular routes, it is possible to charter a special plane for a rush trip to almost any point in the United States. The Army Air Service is operating a model airway that connects New York, Washington, Norfolk, and Dayton, as well as Detroit and several points in Missouri, Illinois, Okla- homa, and Texas. More than 500 flights have been made. Pilots of this branch of the air service alone carried 849 pas- sengers and 46,707 pounds of non-commercial matter over a distance of 951,130 miles without the loss of a single life! Commercial passenger lines are already in existence and regularly organized companies are contemplating a transat- lantic passenger service that will include the more valuable classes of express matter. Chambers of Commerce and Boards of Trade throughout the United States are racing with each other in the establish- ment of suitable landing-fields so that their cities will be in- cluded in the proposed routes, for good landing-fields are a prime necessity in airplane service. N EUROPE where, for military reasons, each of the more important countries is interested in the development of flying as a matter of national defense, the air routes are subsi- , dized heavily by the governments. This country conclusively demonstrated its disapproval of subsidies when it voted down President Harding’s ship subsidy plan, but in spite of the lack of support, development in aviation is taking enormous strides forward. While refusing to subsidize commercial companies engaged POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY » RAWLINS eo AN a CHEYENNE») MNriaKe f DENVER-Z¢ COL. 4 AN FRANCISCO CAL. Z SJALBUQUERO| , N.M . wow” CEL PASO; y. PHOENIX . ARIZ, How America Develops Aviation in aerial transportation, the United States Government has gone far to advance aviation by the establishment of the Air Mail Service, which transports mail from New York to San Francisco in 33 hours as compared with the fastest railroad mail service, which takes five days to travel from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 6 yea sections of the country have been looking with envious eyes at the superior mail service enjoyed by the cities located on the present Transcontinental Air Mail Route. “os Angeles believes that the western end of the route should be in Leos Angeles rather than in San Francisco, while Boston claims, logically enough, that the eastern terminus should be in Boston, with New York as an intermediate point. In the view of Post Office officials, this claim is not so very far from consummation except that Boston would be made the northern terminus of a coastal route, connecting with the westbound line at New York. Under this plan, planes would stop at all of the principal cities along the Atlantic Coast clear down to Florida. As a matter of fact, air-mail service for all parts of the United States seems to be a certainty in the very near future. Under a law passed early this year, the Post Office Department recently called for and received bids from private concerns t0 carry the mails on eight important new routes: Los Angele Seattle, Salt Lake-Los Angeles, Elko (Nev.)-Pasco (Wash.), New York-Boston, Chicago-Fort Worth-Dallas, Chicago-St. Paul-Minneapolis, Chicago-St. Louis and Chicago-Birmingham.

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aber, 1935 ‘ ation ment has f the Air ‘k to San t railroad 2 Atlantic th envious ies located s Angeles be in Los mn claims, in Boston, w of Post ummation ninus of a Jew York. ‘ipal cities he United ar future. epartment oncerns to s Angeles ) (Wash.), hicago-St. mingham, November, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 33 —— wo ': 2 eo a Ip Ae. 0/. -—-~"pittsaurcn WASHING a ANTOUL 24-ZoLuMBUSS | INDIANAPOLI ONSOsn coo GooDOd j CINGINNAT! RICHMOND é a, wA ; . VA. > i ot Las LOUISVILLE Ky. res : “ : 4 ‘ \ As) LA. ©. a ave. —_—~um_,_,_e ESTABLISHED MAIL LINES owen ane PROPOSED MAIL LINES tf 4 eee ESTABLISHED PASSENGER LINES Hee PROPOSED PASSENGER LINES \ mum ESTABLISHED FREIGHT LINES — oo ow PROPOSED FREIGHT LINES ano DoOoaGG MODEL AIRWAY, ARMY AIR SERVICE JACKSONVILLE) | FLA. ‘\\ H¥DROPLANE % TO . ‘ CUBA AND PANAMA Viz KEY WEST into Great Transportation System This up-to-the-minute aerial map of the United States shows the pas- senger, freight and mail lines, established and proposed, that eventually will link all of our important cities in a vast network of air transpor- tation. Every big city already has made provisions for suitable land- ing-fields, beacons, and signaling apparatus. In the past four years more than 500,000 passengers have been transported over 12,000,000 miles. Approximately 600,000 pounds of freight have been carried. These figures are based on statistics of established air lines and do not include hundreds of itinerant fliers, the odd-job men of aviation This new air service will directly connect 29 important cities with the 16 cities which already have been receiving the trans- continental air-mail service. The eight new routes will mean an extension of the air-mail service for 4662 miles, while the fulfill- ment of the contracts will require about 390,000 miles of flying yearly on the six round trips per week scheduled for each route. SINCE the new law provides that private concerns carrying the mails may also transport freight and express matter, it is expected to go a long way in the development of commercial aviation. In view of these advances Col. Paul Henderson of the Post Office Department recently predicted that in 10 years mail planes will be flying not only all over the North American continent, but to Central and South America, to Europe, and to Asia by way of Europe. The ultimate expansion of the transportation by air of passengers, mail, and freight will be governed, of course, by strictly economic considerations. How much will it cost? How soon will it get there? Can I afford to wait? Questions such as these will be the determining factors, just as they always have been in the past. Naturally, they will not be equally important in all cases. With one man, the quick delivery of his goods is the paramount consideration. Another will find that competition has forced his profit down to the point where it is vitally necessary to save every penny, even at the cost of slow delivery. Undoubtedly, the cheapest known form of transportation is by boats across bodies of water. No railroad can compete with a steamship on a rock-bottom cost or a ton-mile basis. The reason for this is that the water maintains itself in condition for use as a track for the ship to travel over at no cost to the ship-owner, whereas the largest part of a railroad’s maintenance cost goes to keep the tracks and the right of way in good condition. In this respect, the airplane is on a par with the boat, because flying through the air certainly does not wear the air out. On the other hand, the amount of engine power required to keep an airplane in the air is tre- mendous. A big airplane able to carry only a few tons of freight needs an engine so powerful that it could drive a small tramp steamer capable of carrying hundreds of tons of freight. And the same comparison holds good with the railroad loco- motive also. JN SPITE of the cost handicap, however, air transportation is bound to win a big place in the general scheme because it has the one great advantage of extreme speed, and speed every day is becoming more and more the first consideration, both with passenger and freight. The business man who arrives first has best chance at landing an order, and freight that first reaches its destination has the best chance of being sold.

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TI TIENT TY oT Discoveries POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY New Printing Machine Sets Photographic Type By perfecting a machine that sets type by photography, J. R. C. August and L. K. Hunter, London inventors, claim to have discovered a revolutionary method of printing that eliminates the need of metal type. The basis of the invention is a master film on which letters, figures, and all kinds of type have been photographed. By means of a keyboard resembling a type- writer, characters from the film are projected and printed, one by one, on a sensitized base Cakes of ‘‘Dry Ice’’ by Mail CIENCE has just perfected a marvel- ous new way to keep ice-cream frozen in its original state for hours at a time without the use of ice. It is now possible to send a pint of ice-cream from New York City to Chicago by air mail, and when the package is opened the ice-cream will be found frozen hard, just as it came from the freezer many hours before! The wonderful material that makes this remarkable feat possible is called “dry ice.” It cannot melt. It is per- fectly dry to the touch, and yet it is so cold that it will make a thermometer go down to 110 degrees below zero. You have noticed the small bubbles that form and rise to the surface in a soda-pop bottle when yeu pry off the cap. This new ice is made out of the same gas that forms those bubbles. In other words, it is carbon-dioxide gas cooled down and compressed until it finally forms a solid, frozen mass. Solidified carbon dioxide has been pro- duced on a laboratory scale several times, but this is the first application of this queer freezing agent to the pre- servation of ice-cream. Its use is the result of a long search by a New York ice-cream manufacturer for a method of packing his product in small packages so that customers can take it home and keep it in perfect condition for hours afterward. Although the temperature of dry ice is colder than the North Pole in winter- time, it may be handled with the bare hands, provided the skin of the fingers is not allowed to touch the solid lumps for more than a second or two at a time. In the ice-cream plant, lumps of dry ice are sent to the packing room, where a workman places a cylindrical piece in a large carton, which also holds a smaller container filled with ice-cream. The outside container, as well as the one that holds the ice-cream, is made of paraffined cardboard and is, itself, a fair heat insulator, so that the warmth from the outside air penetrates slowly. In- stead of heating and melting the ice- cream, the air warms the surface of the block of frozen carbon dioxide and Packing Ice-Cream with ‘‘Dry Ice’’ The “dry ice’—small cylindrical blocks of solidified carbon dioxide—is placed in paraffined cardboard that also hold the ice-cream in separate containers gradually converts the latter back into a gas again. The gas then passes away through a small hole in the outer container, and when it is all evaporated no trace remains to show that there ever was anything in the larger container except the package of ice-cream. A **Radio Roof’’ above Us (CENTURIES ago people learned and firmly believed that the starry sky was solid. Scientists soon banished this illusion, but now in the twentieth century radio experts of the U. S. Navy and the Carnegie Institution assure us that above us there is actually a remarkable “radio roof,” an ionized ceiling that deflects waves bumping against it. Its exact size, shape, and location must be determined through further experi- ments, but it is known to lie more than 100 miles above the earth, where our atmosphere fades into ether. It rises and falls as atmospheric conditions vary. November, 1925 that Mark This roof keeps radio waves travelin around the earth instead of shooting of into the unknown, and it is this that accounts for mysterious “dead areas” according to the experts. Early radio experimenters found that signals could be picked up at distances 40 or 50 miles from where they disappeared. These “skip distances” can now be explained Horizontal electromagnetic waves sliding off the earth tangently into the sky meet the radio roof and are deflected rebounding to the earth 40 or 50 miles from where they left. These skip dig. tances can be checked accurately by means of an exceedingly simple me chanical device. The discoveries are expected to be of great value in wireless communication especially in eliminating “fading.” The eventual achievement, according to Secre. tary of the Navy Wilbur, will be the building of a high-frequency transmitting station, costing $60,000, that will give better service and longer range than the present high-power stations costing $2,000,000. o Radio waves such as we know might be able to travel in the ether outside the earth’s atmosphere, but first we should have to find a method of forcing them through the ceiling. Once outside, we might achieve the dream of having them carry messages from us to other planets. To Harness Tides of Fundy Dagens power to light and heat the entire eastern part of the United States and run all of its fac- tories, is promised by D. P., Cooper, a hydraulic engineer, . ) who recently started a project to harness the tides of the cartons Tests Safety of Bridges Morris Berman, young inventor of Brooklyn, N. Y., is shown here with a new apparatus he has perfected to determine exactly the load that bridges can bear. He declares it will give engineers absolute assurance of safety in their plans for future bridge construction

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aber, 1925 rk traveling oting off his that areas,” ly radio could be 50 miles - These plained, °s sliding the sky, leflected, 50 miles skip dig. ately by iple me. to be of nication, g.” The to Secre. 1 be the nsmitting will give than the Costing might be itside the ve should ing them hieve the messages ‘undy i heat the e United of its fac- by D. P. engineer, a project 2s of the >S Brooklyn, paratus he r the load ‘es it will of safety mstruction November, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Progress in Science Bay of Fundy, just off the coast of Maine, near Eastport. He proposes to dam two inlets with giant walls and gates, and control 150 square miles of sea. The tide rises as much as 27 feet. By regulating the out- flow, it is figured that from 500,000 to 700,000 electric horsepower would be generated—twice the amount of energy that Muscle Shoals is expected to yield. Mr. Cooper’s prominence gives the plan to harness the tides of the Bay of Fundy, described completely in POPULAR SCIENCE MoNnTHLY for May, 1924, new significance. Mr. Cooper helped build the great hydro- electric power plant at Keokuk, Ia., on the Mississippi, and has built hydraulic power stations at Niagara Falls. The Governor of Maine has given his approval to the project, pending the result of a state referendum. Organ Tones for the Piano [N HIS cottage in Gloucester, Mass., before an audience composed of some of the world’s most famous musicians, John Hays Hammond, Jr., a well known inventor, recently gave an amazing recital. He demonstrated for the first time an invention that practically turns the piano into a pipe organ. Professional musicians have declared it the most remarkable improvement that has been made in the piano since it was evolved in the eighteenth century. Ordinarily, when the keys of a piano are struck, no matter how hard, the tones fade away gradually. Mr. Ham- mond’s invention permits the player to control the tones, either sustaining them, letting them grow, or die. Reflectors set inside the instrument, controlled by a fourth pedal, made it possible to build up a tremendous sonority. These reflectors are parallel revolving slats that are opened or closed by the action of the pedal. They cause the sound to rebound to the sound- Singers’ Voices Photographed and Analyzed strating his remarkable new ifvention that gives organ tones to the piano. At the right is Leslie Buswell, his assistant A Revolutionary Piano John Hays Hammond, Jr.. left, demon- ing-board. The volume of tone depends on the angle at which the reflectors are set by the pedal. In exterior appearance the piano is little changed, except that the case is slightly deeper. The fourth pedal is used automatically just as the expression pedals are. A means for adapting the system to player-pianos has been worked out also. Radio Waves from the Brain? A CERTAIN group of believers in mental telepathy have been assert- ing for years that when we think, the brain sends out actual waves. These are carried through the air, they say, and may be received and understood by another The voice of a singer or speaker now can be photographed and analyzed by means of this remarkable machine recently constructed at the University of Iowa. The inset shows a record of the sounds produced by the singer at the left. Vibrations set up by the sound waves actuate a delicate mirror de- vice that flashes a point of light on a rapidly moving film, giving a complete chart of the sound waves person whose brain is attuned to the particular wave length transmitted. Professor Ferdinando Cazzamali, an Italian scientist of the University of Milan, has just finished some unique ex- periments which, he says, give this theory a scientific basis. When our brain radios are understood fully, he declares, we shall have a new method of sending messages far superior to wireless telegraphy. He experimented with highly excitable persons suffering from mental ailments. He put isolated men and women in an insulated cabinet, hypnotized them, stim- lated their mental faculties, and listened to the reactions through a wireless head- piece attached to his ears. He declares that he heard waves similar to radio- telegraphic transmission sounds, which stopped immediately upon waking the subject. The waves varied in length from four to 10 meters. Sometimes the sounds were accentuated until they resembled whistling or the tone of a muted violin. Candy an Aid to Runners HAYE a chocolate, college athlete. Experiments made recently by Dr. Burgess Gordon and other Boston physicians contradict hard-hearted trainers who forbid candy. Marathon runners were placed on high carbohydrate diets be- fore the races, besides being supplied with candy and over- sweetened tea. Blood tests taken after the races showed far less exhaustion than was true of the same men in previous mara- thons. There was striking im- provement in their general phy- sical. condition, the physicians declared, and the athletes made better running time than those who had not eaten chocolate.

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He Wields a Mean Brush When he is not wielding the baton, Walter Damrosch, famous conductor of the New York Symphony Orches- tra, delights in swinging the paint brush at his country home at Bar Harbor, Me. His is just the common garden variety of painting, but he can stain a chair or coat a barn with the enthusiasm of a real artist POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY November, 1925 Men Who Have Made And Others Who Have Found Happiness Explores the Sea Lured by the mysteries of the deep sea, Dr. Hans Hartman (left), American engineer, is heading an ex- pedition into the Mediter- ranean in search of buried cities. He has invented a diving cylinder in which he expects to explore sea depths of from 5000 to 15,000 feet Plays with Glass The hobby of reproducing famous stained-glass win- dows is an inherited passion with Jacques Simon, a French artist (below). Now he is matching colored glass for windows in the restora- tion of the war-damaged Rheims cathedral in France SO adi Ale besten Sy Aebshs rd inp ag Warscim— sen tise Talking Is His Sport Just for a pastime, Herr Horaz, German actor, stands on Berlin streets and endeavors to prove he is the most long-winded talker in the world. He has talked 20 hours and soon will try for a non-stop record of 48 hours, he has just announced Champion Picker Picking blueberries is recrea- tion for Richard W. Sullivan (right), of Washington County, Me. He holds a record of 20 bushels a day, gathering the fruit with the aid of this ingenious rake

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er, 1925 C ESS Ss of [ans ican ex- iter- ried da 1 he pths feet cing win- sion Now slass ora- aged ance wi November, 1925 Good with Hobbies and Profit in Unusual Pastimes a pagers : ities me F te. No More Scorching Martin C. Bersted, of San Diego, Calif., grew tired of seeing scorches on his shirt front, so in his spare time he invented a fire- proof electric iron that turns off automatically when a _ certain temperature is reached, then turns on again as the iron cools His Own Plumber Frank Hedley, head of New York’s subway system, prefers tinkering at odd jobs about his home at Green’s Farm, Conn., to playing golf for recreation. The picture at the right shows him repairing the plumbing POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 37 Plays with Toy Trains For more than 20 years J. N. Swartzell, prominent business man of Washington, D. C., has devoted all his odd moments to the creation of a miniature railway system. Each one of his model locomotives and cars is said to be mechanically perfect fi bd tee pe f ‘ea Sy ae 3 ee ae A Wayside Pottery Maker Jacob Dvorsak, a native of Jugo-Slavia, discovered a bed of clay on his little farm near Spokane, Wash. He built a kiln, and now when the chores on the farm are done, he sells odd pieces of pottery at the roadside. The picture shows the variety of patterns he achieves Young Pershing an Auto Mechanic When not attending school near Lausanne, France, Warren Pershing (left), 19-year-old son of General John J. Pershing, spends his vacation as a mechanic in a Paris automobile assembly plant where he will learn all about motor-cars

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38 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Large rocking pad is covered with stencil ink and duplicates pictures and every kind of lettering Collapsible Egg Crate and Packing-Box Proves an Economical Invention A COLLAPSIBLE packing-box and egg crate that may be sent back to the shipper when empty, while costing more at first than the ordi- nary ones, is declared to be economical and an aid in the conservation of lumber. The larger container in the photograph is 17 inches deep and will collapse to a depth of 614 inches, while the small one, 12 inches deep, will collapse to a depth of four inches. The two containers pictured below have seen five years of hard service on the rail- roads, and are said to be still good. Adolph Von Schluembach, of Washington, D. C., who invented the unique cases, is shown with them. vg f Cartoons, Typing, and Print Reproduced by New Device Bp pUPtICAaTING posters and ‘car- toons simply and neatly’is one of the many uses of a new device repro- ducing typewriting, handwriting, or pictures, on bond, tissue or ordinary papers, cardboard, or from blocks of metal. It works with a rocking motion and has the shape of an arch with larger radius than that of the common type of cylinder duplicators. The ink pad has a base of very fine wool, covered with a closely woven fabric and is claimed to do the work with- out smearing. Stencil ink is applied in the ordinary manner and ordi- nary stencil papers are used. The machine is made in three sizes. Crate and box folded into three times less their open size Doctor Says Anesthetized Know Your Car Patients Do Not Talk HE wheel bearings of an auto require very little attention. For this reason motorists are in- clined to take the condition of the wheel bearings for granted. But complete neglect usually means a repair bill and sometimes a bad accident. Properly cared for, the wheel bearings will outlast the other moving parts of the car. You can keep them in good condition by following these rules: 1. Thoroughly clean all wheel bearings at least once every 5000 miles. Besure to remove all of the old grease. Gasoline or kerosene should be used for cleaning. 2. Examine the surface of each ball with minute care and discard any that show even the faintest sign of a crack. 8. Replace breken rollers or balls with new ones only after you have made certain, by the use of a micrometer, that the new parts are precisely the same diameter as the other balls or rollers in the bearing. 4. Reassemble the bearing and pack it carefully with a high grade of soft cup grease. 5. Adjust the ball bearing so that it will turn freely without perceptible play. Set the roller bearing so that there is just per- ceptible play. PERHATS you are one of those who dread taking an anesthetic in the dentist’s office or operating-room be- cause you might say things in your sleep. Doctor Floyd Troutman, an anesthetist, says that this fear is groundless. Under modern methods of administering an- esthetics, he explains, consciousness is lost so rapidly that the patient does not have time to say anything. And on coming to, he usually is so drowsy that he hasn’t the energy to talk. November, 1925 Fingerprint Pad Is Carried in Depositor’s Check-Book INGERPRINTS, surest method of indentification yet discovered, now may be used on checks for protection against fraud. A compact outfit for this purpose slips into your hip pocket or purse. One pad holds the ink, while another contains a cleaning cream for removing the ink from the finger or thumb after the mark js made. The owner may place his finger- print anywhere on the check, When the check-book is closed, a cover fits flat down over the pads. The fingerprints of depositors are kept on file in banks where this system is used, just as lists of sig- natures are kept in other banks. U.S. Government Breeds Bugs to Test Insect Powder ie A strange nursery on the banks of the Potomac, the U. S. Government keeps a host of fleas, mosquitoes, mites, and flies. When fully grown, they serve to test poisons that are sold throughout the country for extermination of insects. Among the most valued assistants on the bug farm are four dogs, two cats, and 125 chickens, who produce bumper crops of fleas and mites. To get first-hand information on whether advertised mos- quito and chigger preparations do all that they should, a human worker in the laboratory daubs the stuff on one arm and spends the afternoon fishing on a chigger-mosquito infested bank. Safe-Moving Device Saves Dangerous Labor | ii heccrempi ee had taught John A. Wagner, of Baltimore, Md., how hard it was to load and unload safes in trucks. He lessened the dan- ger of this moving job by inventing a device that puts rollers, block, and tackle to work instead of mus- cle. The safe is slid on a platform that is even with the top of the street curb. Its rear wheels rest on a heavy steel ledge, the bottom part of an upright carrying frame to which the safe is strapped securely. The frame then is tilted back and slides over a 7 long roller that is set in at the end of the © With the help of ropes drawn | through a winch or block and fall behind ‘— the driver’s seat, it is pulled up until it truck. rests on its back in the truck, ready for the trip. Unloading the safe at its destination is accomplished by the same process, except that it is done in reverse order. Placed on platform, safe is rolled on truck

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T, 1925 d in k 10d of , now tection for this pocket ’ while y cream om the mark is 3 finger- check, losed, a 1e pads. tors are ere this s of sig- banks. s Bugs der cs of the it keeps es, and serve to 10ut the cts. fants on ats, and er crops rst-hand ed mos- » all that in the one arm ng on a bor eady for stination _ by the cept that reverse | | truck November. 1925 Scotland Sends Us Shoes with Aluminum Gripper Soles HICK Scotch mist was responsible for the invention of gripper aluminum soles for golf shoes. The links in Scotland get very wet on misty days and a Scottish sportsman hit upon the metal sole idea to keep his feet dry. The soles are fastened to the shoes by 10 tiny nails or screws, and afford the feet a firm grip on the ground. In the largest sizes the soles weigh less than two “ounces and they are claimed to be strong enough to last a season. Hunters tramping over damp ground, or those engaged in work that takes them out in all weathers might find the soles equally useful. Dead Sea Products to Enrich Palestine ees in the Dead Sea soon may make of Palestine a land of plenty. Rights of exploitation of the vast quan- tities of chemicals in it recently were offered for sale. The supply of potash in the waters is considered inexhaustible. Common salt would be obtained in such tremendous quantities that the problem would be how to get rid of it. It might have to be dumped back into the sea after more valuable salts had been extracted from it. The salts will be extracted by a system of evaporation and crystallization that is very rapid, on account of the stifling heat in the Jordan valley. Transportation from the Dead Sea to the Mediterranean is the greatest dif- ficulty foreseen. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Automatic Sealing Machine Does Away with Hand Labor WHOLE row of girls, all working at top speed, could not beat this novel seal- ing machine. It is designed particularly for use on advertising folders and other pieces of advertising matter that are sealed by means of a gummed sticker. The folders are stacked up by hand on the upper table, and the machine, after sealing them, stacks them in neat piles on the lower table. . Letters here sealed and stacked automatically are Extremely High Altitudes Slow Up Action | reteapicees he believes that living at high altitudes is dangerous, a French scientist took a healthy young squirrel in a cage to the top of Mont Blanc for ex- perimental purposes recently. The cage had a revolving wheel in it that registered every turn and that the squirrel was able to turn 6500 times every 24 hours at a low level, but only 900 times in the same period of time at the top of the mountain. HE children want a boat ride or father wants to go duck shooting and out comes a small fabric roll packed away in the automobile or carried on the back the same way that a knapsack is carried. The rollis blown up by an air pump, ex- actly as is anautomobile tire, and in a few minutes is ready for its passengers. The long, narrow air pockets along the sides serve to keep the boat Toy boat is balanced by air pockets at each side Children’s Boat Is Inflated like a Tire on an even keel, and make it reasonably safe for children to ride in in shallow water, where there is no strong current. A TREMULOUS earth means a young one, explained Prof. Charles W. Brown, a geologist of Brown University, Provi- dence, in a_ lecture recently at Mont- real. The series of earthquakes on the Atlantic and Pacific seaboards this year are mere evidence of growing pains, accord- ing to Professor Brown. When the earth finally gets ad- justed and settled in old age, there will be no more quivers. Novel Invention Makes Every Cop His Own Signal Tower ECENTLY Clarence A. Rich invented an ingenious strap and electric-light apparatus, to be fastened around the hands of traffic policemen so that their signals to motorists and such can be seen: at night. The red, green, and yellow lights of the usual traffic towers are reproduced in miniature for the policeman’s hand signals, which are on the palms and the backs, not too bulky to be cumbersome. Above is shown Traffic Officer Pren- dergast, of Swampscott, Mass., using the new signaling device. It was at Swampscott that the President and Mrs. Coolidge spent the summer, and where, consequently, due to many visitors, traffic was particularly heavy. z eeeeesesse How Much Do YOU Know about Science? HESE questions are chosen from the many that come to POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY every day. Look them over and see how many you can answer. Although the questions concern things that we all frequently encounter, it is surprising how many new and interesting facts they reveal about the world in which we live. After you have finished, turn to page 150 and see how many of the 12 questions you were able to an- swer correctly. 1. Why does gas form in cider when it ferments? Which was the first animal to be domesticated ? What are kilocycles? . Are men growing taller or shorter? Do we need to be afraid of falling stars? Can we make water boil with- out heating it? . Why is it that when you are hit in the eye, it becomes black? - How do artificial rubies differ from genuine ones? . Why are the walls of a build- ing usually blown outward by a tornado? 10. Have scientists succeeded in changing the sex of ananimal? 11. Is electricity produced by our own bodies? 12. How is the brain fed? cs 8 PY NS “J Co @

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40 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY lieledliags 1925 How They Figured aor S, Soda Tank a Fire Bell Ingenious Plan to Prevent Traffic Jams Gerrettson _ Beach, near Sheepshead Bay, To solve the problem of traffic congestion at a busy square in Berlin, Germany, City Architect Malberg devised the novel scheme of ele- vated radiating walks for pedestrians, shown in the model above. At the center of the elevated platform is the entrance to a subway N. Y., had a volun- teer fire department but no fire bell, until a few weeks ago, when a fireman thought of using an old soda-water tank from the drugstore The Atlanta, Birmingham Railway was bothered with weeds along its tracks until an engineer thought of using steam from locomotives tokillthem. Pipes run from the boiler to a steel “sprinkler” in front Locomotive Steam Used to Kill Weeds Saves Hard Labor A Frenchman who had to move heavy furniture from upper floors, recently de- vised the apparatus at left. An adjustable metal pole fits tightly between the top and bottom of the win- dow frame, and holds a swinging arm to which the furniture attaches bya pulley Lifting a steel bridge twenty-three and one-half feet —enough to allow a ditching dredge to pass beneath —was a recent accomplish- ment of engineers near Sullivan, Ind., with the aid of two locomotives. Timber towers were erected at each end of the bridge to support block and tackle with which two locomotives, pulling from both sides, raised the 100-ton bridge bodily while the dredge passed through

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ca L seach, i Bay, yolun- tment , until ago, reman ng an > tank igstore rd 1 who heavy upper ly de- saratus ustable tightly op and e win- d holds arm, to irniture pulley complish- o support i through ' November, 1925 Carves Birds in Ice From rough blocks of ice, Nino An- goni, celebrated ice sculptor of the Hotel Victoria, London, carves mar- velous animals, birds, and fishes, to be used as centerpieces. He is shown completing an ice model of a swan, which took about one hour . Makes Lures for Anglers Twenty years of her life Mrs. Elizabeth Hecht (right) has spent making fishing tackle, tying flies, and designing lures. She is superintendent of fly making in a large bait fac- tory at South Bend, Ind. Washing Big Ben’s Face Keeping clean the face of Big Ben, the famous Houses of Parliament clock in London, is James Gordon’s job. Here he is shown with an assistant hard at work 300 feet above a London street POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 41 » Experts Who Work | at Queer Jobs Champion Helmet Maker John Plovak (below), a native of Greece, is considered one of the world’s greatest diving-helmet mak- ers. Yet he never has worn one of his creations.- His shop is on the banks of the Anclote River, Florida A Tamer of Crocodiles Captain H. Wall, former Ger- man sea captain, claims the distinction of being the only man in the world to succeed in taming crocodiles. He exhibits his trained pets in the circus the year around How Would You Like This? P. D. Buckley sits atop the New York Edison Company power plant every day and watches the color of smoke and gases that issue from the giant smoke- stacks. These observations are made to determine the highest attainable efficiency in coal combustion. Buck- ley’s job probably is the only one of its kind in the world—and he likes it

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Ts a New Ice Age Approaching? POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY World’s Longest Telephone Cable Completed F. A. Stevenson, of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, is seen here making the last splice in the world’s longest telephone line, an 861-mile cable connecting New York and Chicago, and furnishing express telephone service practically free from hazards of storm damage. The event took place recently at Swanton, Ohio. The mammoth cable will be able to carry 250 telephone conversations and 500 telegraph messages simultaneously So swift is the wonderful progress of science that the busy man often finds it difficult to keep informed of the new developments or to grasp their signifi- cance. That you may keep pace with the march of science, the news of some of the outstanding achievements of the month is presented here in concise form. close of the great Ice Age, Europe was a country of bleak, treeless plains, much like Siberia or northern Canada of today. Wandering, primitive men lived on herds of reindeer and wild ponies that roamed the plains. Towns, villages, and farms were unknown. Will history repeat itself, with another Ice Age like the last one? Will the present European civilization vanish? The startling prediction that Europe is drifting nearer and nearer a new Ice Age was made recently before the South African Association for the Advancement of Science by General Jan Smuts, former Boer commander, British general during the World War, and later Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa. He placed the advent of the new age at 10,000 years from now, although, he predicted, long before that time European life will have altered beyond recognition by people living in our day. The climate of Africa, he added, also will become gradu- ally cooler, moist, and rainy, with the result that the present stretches of wilderness will pass away. In all probability, he said, our present human races will have disappeared be- fore this next phase, giving ~ place to higher species. i GS isc 20,000 years ago, toward the Predicts Aerial Cities AN AMAZING picture of future cities built far above the earth on platforms reached by tower elevators is presented by Frederick Kiesler, a promi- countless electric charges, nent young Viennese architect. In these days of airplanes, it is absurd, he thinks, that we still should be crawling around on the ground and burrowing into it to make dwelling places. Distance is nothing. We can live any- where we like, so why not in the freshest air obtainable? He predicts that houses in the future will be built on platforms supported by steel girders several hun- dred feet above ground. They will be erected above beautiful gardens, shady forests, or even above lakes or the sea. Platforms will be provided, too, for land- ing places for airplanes, he believes. A New Star Discovered AS HE walked home in the early morn- ings, a telegraph operator in South Africa had a habit of studying the starry sky. One morning he was startled by seeing a strange star in the con- stellation Pictor, and the idea struck Finds Matter ‘‘Empty as the Sky”’ Matter is only a vacuum, “fas empty as the sky,” in which there are according to Dr. W. R. Whitney, Director of the General Electric Company Research Laboratory. He is seen here using the latest apparatus for studying uranium atoms November, 1925 Amazing Prophecies, Great Achievements, and New Dascoverie; Set Pace in Science him immediately that it must be a new one. He verified his discovery after breakfast, then telegraphed to the ob. servatory at the Cape of Good Hope which announced it to the world, one gf the most noteworthy astronomical events in months. The new star, known as “Nova Pie. toris,” is especially interesting because it is the first one discovered long before it reached its maximum brightness. Before its outburst this star was an insignificant looking specimen of the fourteenth o fifteenth magnitude. At its maximum, it became 400,000 times brighter, and shone as a star of the first magnitude, Ancient Maya Cities Found COMING out of the jungles of Mexico and Guatemala, the first Tulane Middle American Expedition returned recently, reporting one of the most astounding series of archeological dis- coveries ever made by a single expedition, In six months of nerve-racking hardship the explorers located three huge center of Maya culture, each consisting of a cluster of ruined cities, containing a tremendous quantity of monuments carved with dates and hieroglyphs. Like Columbus, who carried an Indian back to the Old World, they brought with them Tata, a pure descendant of the ancient Maya Indians. They are hoping he will divulge some of the secret customs and rites of his famous ancestors. He cannot speak a word of English. In one ancient city, the ex plorers discovered the first real astronomical observatory of the old Mayas to be unearthed. Here mounds and pyramids had been constructed in such relative positions that priests could ascend the main mound and, sighting over three mounds in the foreground, make scientific, astronom- ical calculations. In this way they could tell when eclipses of the sun and moon were due to occur. They used this knowledge to wield power over the Indians. Man-Made Hurricane O DRIVE out the poi sonous carbon monoxide produced by 46,000 autos that will pass daily through the new vehicular tunnel nearing completion beneath the Hud- son River, a tearing hurricane = | ew wa on ee 65 Ore eS oO OS ae

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mber, 1935 ge ectes, Lents, VErIe§ 1eNce lust be 4 very after (0 the. ob. 00d Hope, rid, one of ical events Nova Pie. because it g before it ss. Before isignificant rteenth or maximum, ghter, and ignitude, found of Mexico st Tulane 1 returned the most ogical dis- expedition. g hardship ige centers sting of a ntaining a nonuments yphs. | an Indian y brought dant of the are hoping ret customs sstors. He ish. ty, the ex- e first real tory of the unearthed. 1 pyramids ted in such chat priests 1ain mound ver three foreground, astronom- [In this way en eclipses yn were due used this eld power urricane it the poi- ~ monoxide ) autos that nrough the nel nearing h the Hud- x hurricane November, 1925 will whirl constantly through the tube. A unique system of ventilation approved recently solves the last important engi- neering problem of the great tunnel. Immense electric fans will drive a 75- mile gale through a seven-foot airway under the traffic road. It will reach the road through slots and be dispersed by a paffle plate. The used air will be sucked out through ceiling vents and will enter another immense airway leading back to four ventilation houses, two on each side of the river, where will be located the ma- chinery for taking in and expelling the air. New Process Hardens Lead W HAT generations of scientists have tried to do since the days of early Egypt and failed, has at last been ac- complished, it is reported by the Western Electric Company. A method has been found to harden and temper lead. R. S. Dean and W. E. Hudson, of Chicago, metallurgical engineers, discovered the process largely through accident. A small percentage of alloy is used and the metal is treated by a special heating process that results in a metal three times as hard as ordinary lead. One of the uses for the new metal is sheathing for tele- phone cables. Monkey Farm for Research O FIND out the truth about man and monkey—just how much monkeys actually resemble men in their growth and habits, Johns Hopkins Medical School in Baltimore has just established a mon- key farm, where the animals will be studied intensively. Hitherto, most of the monkeys with which scientists had to work were dead ones brought back from expeditions to A Remarkable Microscope POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY the East.. But the hunters knew nothing about the history of the animals they shot. On the monkey farm it will be possible to keep track of each speci- men, its age and diet, so that an animal may be taken for study at any stage in its development. Comparison of monkeys with human embryos is ex- pected to give important evidence of their relation- ship. A very close watch will be kept on the social life of the animals. Inves- tigators will try to discover the reason why so many monkeys die before birth —a discovery that may be very useful to man. Flame in Water SUBMERGED in water, an oil flame invented by a Belgian scientist, Os- car Brunler, will burn for ae i weeks without going out, it is claimed, and so avoid most of the heat loss of an ordinary boiler. A device similar to a carburetor blows a spray of crude oil mixed with air into the burner under pressure. Water is kept out of the burner until the flame is well started, then allow- ed to rise around the flame and cover it. In all boilers loss of heat is avoided by bringing the flame of the fuel into the closest possible contact with the water. The Belgian inventor is said to have ob- tained almost perfect efficiency by put- ting the flame directly in the water. New secrets from the world of the infinitely small soon may be revealed through a new method of illumina- tion for microscopes, using rods of clear fused quartz. In the apparatus pictured below the light is conveyed through a solid quartz rod without being absorbed, so that the light source may be some distance away Before the Bullet Emerged The remarkable photograph above shows the muzzle of a_ .45-caliber revolver an instant after a cartridge has been fired and before the bullet emerges. It is one of a series of pic- tures taken with a new electrically timed apparatus recently perfected by Philip P. Quaylo, of the U. S. Bureau of Standards, which makes it possible to time the release of gas and sound waves from weapons and throws new light on the theory of ballistics. The heavy circle seen ~ in the photograph is a sound wave Synthetic Insulin Made Possible Bulk production of synthetic insulin for the cure of diabetes is promised through the work of Dr. E. M. K. Gelling, associate professor of pharmacology at Johns Hopkins University, Balti- more, and Dr. John J. Abel. Here is Doctor Gelling experi- menting with the new insulin product in his laboratory A Dog without a Bark A BARKLESS dog emerged from a 4 4 clinical demonstration conducted by the American Veterinary Medical Associa- tion at Portland, Oreg., recently. The barking apparatus was remtoved as easily as tonsils, the veterinarians declared. Such an operation, they say, would be the means of saving the lives of thousands of dogs who make intolerable nuisances of themselves by constant barking. Serums for Snake Bites bY Peete enough rattlesnake venom to kill the entire population of a big city, Raymond L. Ditmars, curator of reptiles of the New York Zoological Park, left recently for Brazil. The quart of venom he carried represented the pro- duction of 2500 snakes since early spring. It will be used in the manufacture of serum to combat snake poison, a process that is developed much further in South America than in the United States. The venom first is injected in horses, which produce the protective serum. More than 100 persons die every year in the United States from snake bites, Mr. Ditmars explained, and the supply of serum from South America, given out free by the zoo last year, was insufficient. To be most effective the serum should be made from the venom of the same kind of snake against whose bite it is to be employed. On his South American -trip Mr. Ditmars hopes to obtain serum speci- fically for use against the bites of North American snakes. If given an injection of the serum within an hour after having been bitten by a snake, any one will recover almost completely within 24 hours, Mr. Ditmars says. The August issue of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY described the interesting meth- od by which Mr. Ditmars’ quart of snake venom was collected.

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44 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Woman invents Household Budget Machine Demonstrating the new budget machine Instrument Registers Telephone Calls Automatically N°? MAN ever really is satisfied that he has not been charged for more tele- phone calls than he has made. This simple apparatus, launched by a French inventor, makes the checking an easy matter. An automatic register is adjusted to the telephone instrument. After each call you press a button and the machine does the rest. At the end of the month you read off the figures in the slot. It is arranged for a four-figure number, which meets requirements for most telephones. Arrow points to telephone register Shoes Respond to Changes in Weather Conditions (GRANDMA says that it is going to rain, and it does. How did she know? By her corns. Isn’t that won- derful? No, not particularly, for scien- tists have just pointed out a direct con- nection between shoes and weather. Changing amounts of moisture in the atmosphere cause leather to shrink or expand with corresponding degrees of comfort for those with tender feet. Some leathers are much more comfort- able than others, for they are more porous. Feet must breathe, and if -the shoe leather is loaded with finishing ma- terials, oil or wax, it will not admit enough air to evaporate foot perspiration. Patent-leather shoes keep perspiration in and air out. If they could be worn with the shiny side in, they would be three times as comfortable as with the shiny side out. | S all very well to say “‘keep a budget.”’ But when it comes to figuring out just exactly how the dollar should be split, the average housewife gets dizzy. A whirligig device, invented by Mrs. Annie Peaks Kenny, of Chi- cago, adapts itself with a surprising flexibility to the changing needs of the budget keeper. An electric motor turns various sets of figures on a revolving drum so that they appear in a window next to a list of station- ary captions of the main class of expenditures. As conditions alter—for instance, if the family becomes larger—the arrangement of figures changes. The whirligig has a range of from one to four persons and handles in- comes from sia to $1200 a month. Piano Ashtray Ends the Smoker’s Dilemma SHES on the piano keys—it’s a way to incite the wrath of any wife. Smoking doesn’t go with piano playing, yet it is done, and the instrument is so peculiarly built that there is no con- venient place to set an ashtray. A new tray, invented by Dr. Charles A. Greene, of New York City, clamps on the edge of the piano as shown in the above picture. It is padded so that it will not mar the finish and may be fastened on thicknesses varying from half an inch to three inches. It will clamp also on tables or arms of chairs and has the added advantage of not tipping over unexpectedly. November, 1925 , Improved Tin Can Has Shiny Aluminum Lining gpecnabanedtaaae and fish put up in tin cang commonly tend to turn the inside of the can black. While this is not harmful, and the food itself is not discolored, yet the blackened metal causes some persons to mistrust the food. Lining the can with paper prevents the blackening, q method that is used quite generally in packing fish. A French inventor has devised an im- provement on this by lining tin cans with: thin sheets of aluminum. His apparatus works by means of compressed air. A pile of sheets of aluminum is stacked ona stand at one end of the apparatus. The top sheet fits around a metal form the size of the can to be lined. The tin can then is slipped over the form, as shown in the picture above. A small compressed-air tank operated by striking a plunger with the hand, sup- plies compressed air to the interior of the form. This forces the aluminum lining to adhere to the interior of the can. It makes the food look much more appetizing, Torpedo Guided by Wireless for Aerial Defense A TORPEDO directed from the ground - by wireless, that is said to be capable of destruction in a radius of 100 miles from the firing base, is the remark- able invention designed by Captain Albany Roberts, of New Zealand. It is being investigated by the British Ministry as a successful defense against future air raids. The torpedo can be sent in any direc- tion in the air, it is said, and maneuvered as the operator controlling the wireless apparatus on ground desires. It has a safety device to prevent the torpedo from sical below a certain altitude. The Baby Now Can Mc Motor in Perfect Comfort The auto-carriage fits snugly in the car i kane baby now can go motoring with more comfort than grown-ups, for inventors have de vised a combination baby-carriage-crib and high-chair allin one. It fits inside of any auto- mobile, either in the front or back seat. It may be fixed so that the baby can sit up in it or, if he is tired and sleepy, a catch can be re- leased that turns the chair into a crib. At the end of the destination it becomes a carriage. The standards on which the carriage rests are adjust- able to various depths. =- © weet oO cS ee ee ae | — - oOo et et = ~*~ «4.799 = 65 © & &

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—————— J hiny tin cang nside of larmful, red, yet persons the can ning, a rally in an im- ins with: )paratus air. A cred ona s. The the size an then n in the yperated nd, sup- r of the n lining can. It vetizing, 2less > ground to be s of 100 remark- Captain . Ite Ministry ture air y direc- euvered wireless t has a torpedo iltitude. ifort vy can go +h more wn-ups, ave dé nation band ymne. It y auto- in the C. | so that up in it ed and n be re- ns the At the ation it ve. The ich the ad just- epths. Novel Alarm Scares Burglar with Loud Blast HE burglar who opens this door is going to have the surprise of his life. Attached to the end of a chain that fastens across the door on the inside is an explosive cartridge. This is hung on the oor. . Any one entering, unaware of the presence of the alarm, pulls the end out of the cartridge. This explodes a charge of powder, making a sharp but harmless blast intended to frighten the prowler away and awaken the household. Analyzes Fruit-Juices Cooked in Metal Containers [X MANY households kettles and other kitchen utensils of iron, copper, brass, or aluminum are used for boiling fruit juices, sour or salty broths or stews. In view of the fact that nearly all salts of metals are more or less poisonous, Mr. Jarvinen, chemist of the municipal lab- oratory for hygienic research in Helsing- fors, Finland, undertook a series of tests to ascertain the quantity of different metals dissolved in the liquids kept boiling in metal pots. Two pounds of fruit juice, containing 40 per cent of sugar and 1.5 per cent of citric acid, was kept boiling in an iron pot for three hours. At the end of that period it was found that the liquid con- tained 1400 milligrams of iron in solution. If, in place of the sugar solution, a 5 per cent solution of kitchen salt (sodium chloride) was used, the liquid, after three hours of continuous boiling, contained only 104 milligrams of iron in solution. Under the same experimental condi- tions, fruit juice boiled in a copper kettle dissolved 65 milligrams of copper; that boiled in a brass kettle, 0.5 milligrams of copper; and that boiled in an aluminum kettle, 120 milligrams of aluminum. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY A DESK that rests in the lap and can be adjusted to any angle permits the user to read or write with comfort, or to study with correct posture. It can be used in bed by sick persons or those who like to read while lying down, by artists, stenographers, and draftsmen. It consists of two boards joined by six legs with ball-and-socket-joint connec- tions. The desk can be locked in any desired position and weighs very little, so that it can be carried easily from place to place. First Rural Air Mail HAT is said to be the first airplane rural mail route in this country was started recently in New Hamp- shire. Newspapers and letters were carried 43 miles to vacation colonies on the shore of Winnipesaukee Lake. Adjustable Lap-Desk an Aid to the Student 45 How the desk rests on the knees | : Q a e New Pen Makes Lettering Easy for Amateurs A NEW pen with “ball bearing” point is designed for bold lettering. It works so easily, it is claimed, that the inexperienced person can do attractive lettering with the neatness of a pro- fessional. The point prevents spattering of ink while the pen is pushed backward or forward, keeping the letters neat and clear cut. Axsout 415,000 long tons of rubber were produced in the world last year and the United States used 77 per cent of it, com- pared with 45 per cent in 1905 when world production approximated 60,000 long tons. Radio-Active Water Produced Artificially "T H0UsANDS throng every year to health resorts famed for the radio-active water from their springs. Now a health spring for the home is said to have been achieved by the invention of a new water container lined with porous radium ore. Itissaid toimpart to drinking water coming in contact with it radio- active properties needed by the body. The photo- graph shows James J. Jeffries, former world champion heavyweight boxer (center), with two young pugilists, sampling the treated water. abet “Jim” Jeffries (center) and two pugilists sampling the water New Ice Creepers Detached from Shoes Quickly ae spikes for the shoes are often very useful in winter when the walking is slippery, in the house or store they are ruinous to floors and rugs. Yet for the man who must go indoors and out many times a day, repeated removing of ice creepers is a nuisance. A new ice creeper has spikes that may be detached without removing the creeper Above: How the ice creeper is de- tached. Below: The creeper in place from the shoe. Pressing a spring releases the tongue of the spike plate from a groove in the part strapped to the foot. Re- placing the spikes when going outdoors takes but a moment. Crawl Stroke for Motorboats O ews Australian crawl principle that produces some of our fastest swim- mers now has been applied to motor- boats. A new propeller invented in Aus- tria resembles a pair of double fins mounted on a horizontal shaft in the same position as a screw propeller. These do not rotate, however, but oscillate, suggestive of the kick-stroke of the crawl. The new propellers are said to save fuel, conserve power, and increase speed. They may be used also, it is claimed, on airplanes and dirigibles.

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46 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Novel Machines Built Out of Scraps November, 1925 is EE EAP EE PORDAS TS RIGS HK. age. See , & [Ritson ~ Odd ‘‘Gas Locomotive”’ In this odd vehicle, made from an old auto chassis and odds and ends from the junk pile, C. D. Conklin and W. J. Sellers, war vet- erans, recently toured from Los Angeles to Washington, D. C. An Ingenious Windmill A few boxes, a broken table, and an old bicycle wheel were used by George Foster of Brewster, Mass., to build the unique wind- mill above. Cape Cod winds are all the incentive needed for this faithful servant, which pumps water, saws wood, turns the washing machine, and does a score of other household tasks Old Inner Tube Useful With the aid of this “rubber man,” made from the inner tube of a dis- carded flivver tire, E. F. Wasco, a timber faller in a lumber camp near Bend, Oreg., has broken all cutting records for his district. The rubber man is attached at one end to a cross-cut saw, and at the other end to an iron stake driven in the ground near the butt of the tree ‘ mons . A Bicycle Lawnmower Half a discarded bicycle was put to good use when it was attached to the lawnmower, as shown, by Victor and Richard Dorn, of Red Bank, N. J. Builds Ditching-Machine Almost every kind of junk was used by H. O. Dahlin, of Woodford, Wis., in constructing this ditching-machine for his farm. An old auto furnished the differential and transmission Motor Home from Scraps From cast-off parts found in alleys and junk. piles, A. L. Campbell, a salvage engineer of Chi- cago, and his 16- year-old son, put this house on wheels together in their back yard. It has running water, four berths, a _ dining- table, ice-box, bath- room equipment, ~ and electric lights

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November, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Pe Some Queer Ways fo Get About How Would You Like To Ride on One of These Odd Vehicles? mber, 1935 Balloon Tires Add to Bicycle Comfort A bicycle equipped with balloon tires appeared not long ago in a parade on Chicago streets, accompanied by a midget “‘bike’’ rid- ful den by a small boy. The big tires add much comfort to riding nan,” a dis- annem 3cO, a / tit fe ey ) near LK Mit bb iting Why a Motor? peg, Ca ubber Inhisspare time George to a C. Snyder, New York r end engineer, invented this the odd ‘‘motorless motor- | tree cycle,” propelled by the driver’s weight on an arrangement of geared treadways. He says it can go 30 miles an hour A Monorail ‘‘L’’ At the right is a re- markable monorailway just completed between Vohwinkel and Elber- P feld; Germany. The A Real Joy Ride | rails from which the The latest innovation in kiddies’ | cars hang are suspend- tricycles is this miniature veloci- i ed from steel arches pede with little sidecar attached. é Son takes sister riding now all { me ps Darts ; and - ie vage Chi- 16- put heels heir eo F _ has _~ ft - by Three-Wheeled Taxi Proves Popular . : - Ski yath- Midget motorcycle sidecar taxis such as this have Air-Driven Ice Bus ee on = 3 nent, become popular recently in Berlin, Germany, be- Mounted on three skis and driven by an airplane propeller, this snug cause of their comparatively low cost of operation bus carries passengers between Helsingfors and Sveaborg, Finland

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48 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Power-Driven Tool Cuts Out Mortar between Bricks [N POINTING up bricks, a new and in- genious machine is used for cutting away the old mortar between the brick construction joints. A one-quarter-horse- power motor operating at 3500 revolu- tions a minute drives the cutting wheel. ‘ The shaft, which is con- nected directly with the motor, is provided with a metal-wound casing and also a hand piece and safety guard for protecting the operator’s hand from flying 5 3 chips. “ag Special rubber bond wheels, of various widths, are used in order to handle different widths of mortar encountered in the var- ious types of brick construction. Portable Electric Saw Isa Fast Lumber-Cutter N ovember, 1995 New ‘Time-Saving Tools Combination Vest-Pocket Tog} Is Handy for Radio WO slotted strips of metal hinged to. gether have a surprising number of uses. The device is a combination tog for radio fans, electricians, mechanic, automobilists, or artists. It may be used as a ruler, wire cutter, wire stripper and cleaner, screwdriver, wrench, counte sinker, and is especially handy for working OR ripping or cross-cut-saw work, a few years ago anything was good enough. But an old hand saw meant slow work and worn-out workers. Nowa new portable electric saw tears through thousands of feet of lumber a day, it is claimed, cutting production costs. It may be used, also, in cutting bone, wallboard, plaster-board, fiber, linoleum, hard rubber, light-gage soft metal, and bakelite. It is provided with a dust shield which can be removed without the use of any tools. It operates from any light socket and is used with either six- inch or seven-inch blades. Fine Wires Prevent Breaking of Windshield Glass A NEW plate glass for automobile windshields is reinforced with fine wires running parallel to each other at intervals of two inches. Recent tests showed that such material would mini- mize the danger of injury from flying glass in case of accident. It stood both shock and impact without shattering, although of course it cracked when a metal block weighing 334 pounds was thrown against it at close range. Eight-in-One Wrench Useful for Adjusting Spark Plugs ERE’S a wrench that is said to be one of the handiest of tools for the automobilist’s outfit, besides being useful for other purposes. This recently devised socket ‘wrench takes up little space in the automobile tool-kit and fits almost every nut on the car, thereby saving much time for the amateur me- chanic. It is eight different wrenches in one. It is especially useful for fitting on spark plugs, it is claimed by those who have used it for this purpose. The illus- tration shows how the wrench fits on-the spark plug. radio panels. The tool fits into a small leather cage that slips easily into the pocket. Vegetable Ivory Resembles Elephant-Tusk Product : * deesar haber yaa ivory is one of nature's wonderful products that may be used, it has been discovered, for practically everything for which tusk ivory is used, It is derived from the nut or seed of a palm, that grows in Central and South America. The seeds grow in the fruit or head of the palm, which is about the size of a man’s head and weighs from 25 to 30 pounds. Usually a head contains from 40 to 50 nuts. The seeds are solid, white, and hard and, when polished, scarcely can be dis tinguished from animal ivory. The unique product is used in the manufac ture of door knobs, umbrella handles, and small ornaments, but its chief use is in making buttons. These ivory seeds form the chief industry of the interior o Colombia. The United States imports more of this ivory than any other country. Cutting out mortar with power tool. A safety guard protects operator’s hands New Taper-Gage Measures Odd-Sized Holes T° MEASURE accurately small holes that vary from standard plug-gage sizes, a new set of taper parallel gages has been designed. These are especially handy in a small shop where a complete set of plug gages is not kept on hand. They are useful in checking os out-of-the-way holes 8 that sometimes are hard to measure on jig and fixture work. The gages are used in pairs to measure holes from one-quarter to one inch by thousandths of an inch. Two gages fit into the hole snugly and Especially adapted for small-shop use is this new taper-gage that thei bined measures small holes “s re a between standard sizes. thickness equaling It also tells whether the the diameter of the hole, is measured with a micrometer. hole is out of round. A set of the gages is shown in box at left

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et Tool io hinged to. number of nation tool mechanics, lay be used ‘ripper and h, counter for working eather cage ket. mbles duct of nature's ay be used, practically ory is used, r seed of a and South the fruit or out the size om 25 to 30 ntains from , and hard can be dig. ory. The 1e manufac handles, and ef use is in y seeds form interior of more of this Holes adapted for use is this -gage that small holes undard sizes. whether the t of round. he gages is box at left November, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Simplify Old Problems Universal Auto Wrench Grips . Hard-to-Get-At Nuts : ons head of this wrench can be set at any angle and as there is a reversing ratchet built in, it is said to be especially useful wherever nuts and bolts are hard to get at. Automobile design often requires that some of the nuts be placed where ordinary wrenches cannot be used. This wrench will do the job easily, it is claimed, with- out marring the edges of the nut. There are also extension pieces that can be attached in a variety of ways to meet practically every need. Elevator Telephones Assist in Avoiding Disputes OTICING that apartment-house tenants seemed fond of airing their troubles to elevator operators, the owner of a de luxe apartment house in New York City installed an unseen telephone in the elevator. As a tenant rides up or down in the elevator, she unknowingly talks to a young man at the other end of the line, who is sitting out of sight in the entrance hall below. If she tells him about the burned-out fuse, or the leak in the sink, the matter is attended to at once, and the apartment-house gears shift smoothly. It is a great success, according to reports, in keeping the ten- ants content with their landlord. Measures Twenty-Thousandths of an Inch Accurately Most methods of measuring extremely small distances are slightly in- accurate. In micrometer screws, for instance, oil films between the lubricated parts sometimes affect the measurement. It is very difficult, too, to get markings on dials that are exactly correct. A recently invented instrument called an “‘optometer” is claimed to measure 1/20,000 inch with exactitude. The scale itself never is moved or touched, but mere- ly is observed through a microscope. To the eye the 1/20,000 inch appears to be one-sixteenth of an inch. The readings are not affected by varia- tions in sense of touch or differences in human skill. In measuring infinitely small parts of an inch, the results of this instrument may be relied upon absolutely, the inventor claims. In this remarkable measuring instrument the scale is read through a microscope 49 New Electric Mortiser Cuts with Automatic Precision O REPLACE the slow and costly hammer-and-chisel method of cut- ting mortises, an electric motor-driven machine recently has been put on the market. With this it is said a perfect door-lock mortise can be cut in two or three minutes. It can be used on thin pieces such as screen doors, as well as on wide’ and heavy boards. A bit of the proper size is inserted in the mortiser and the machine set for the center position and length of the mortise. A depth stop is set so that the machine is halted automatically when the machine has cut to the proper depth — by that particular piece of work. A NEW substance in paste form for adding to concrete mixtures, it is claimed, hardens and colors them at the same time. It also waterproofs the concrete to a certain extent. It comes in red, brown, green, and several other shades. Thus, by the use of this new substance, it is possible to color and harden concrete floors in one operation. Hand Vise and Pliers Skilfully Combined When filing opera- tions are to be per- formed, a thumb- screw lock holds the object firmly in position, as shown above, without the need of hand pres- sure. Parallel jaws are shown at right A NOVEL tool that combines pliers and a hand vise is the recent invention of W. A. Bernard of New Haven, Conn., who has made a life study of pliers. The tool is fitted with a thumb screw, which when backed out as far as it will go pro- vides a pair of parallel jaws for ordinary use around the workbench or the auto- mobile. Often, the user of pliers finds it neces- sary to hold them in clamped position for several minutes at a time; as, for instance, in filing a key blank to the outlines of another key. A thumb-screw lock on this tool makes it possible to retain one or more objects firmly in position after the hand pressure is released. Thus it is especially useful where several operations are to be done without the necessity for releasing the work. Filing operations on round stock are said to be greatly facilitated. The tool comes in handy also, it is said, for soldering small parts of a machine, en- gine, or radio set. Invents Puller to Remove Battery Connectors ONNECTORS on the termi- nal posts of storage batteries often be- come corroded and difficult to remove with screwdrivers or other tools com- monly used for the purpose. Clarence E. Moss, of Ponca City, Okla., has invented a_ tool that makes it pos- sible to pull off the terminal connec- tors easily. As the _ photo- graph at the right shows, the device con- sists of a pressure bar in the middle bear- ing directly against the battery terminal, and jaws with a claw hook that fits under the lead terminal of the storage battery.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY New Household Helps for Work Is Lightened by the Use of the Best Tools and Rug-Cleaner Has Six Rotors A new rug-cleaner is said to work wonders in beating out dust by means of six small rotors. It is claimed that dust rolls out after the device runs over the rug several times Pincushion Straps on the Wrist While shown on the wrist, this handy little pincushion is adjustable as well to a dressmaker’s or tailor’s belt or any handy part of the clothing, and saves many motions in making a garment Nail Polish in a Stick Pictured below is nail polish in stick form, that unwinds as it is used, somewhat as paper lead- pencils are sharpened. The buffer beside it is a new sanitary one that is readily adjustable so that a clean chamois for each manicure is possible One More Biscuit-Cutter Biscuits in a jiffy. Every time the little device illustrated below revolves, it cuts out a biscuit or a cookie. It is made of aluminum and in consequence is very easy to handle and will not become tiring to the housewife Stones Two Cherries at Once Cherries are fed into the trough of the novel cherry-stoner pictured at the left, and fall into two holes. When the handle is raised, two prongs close into holes, forcing out the cherry stones November, 1925 Easily Opened Bottle In a new type of bottle re. cently developed, acoin, knife, or key, or any flat piece of metal will remove the cap with ease. The rim has a ledge below the cap so that the opener acts as a lever Baby’s Bath and Dresser This new rubber bathtub for the baby saves the mother from bending over. One end is a dressing-table. The whole can be folded into a compact bundle that is smaller than a suitcase Locking-Dog Foils Burglar This strange device is a locking-dog, and its purpose is to foil burglars. It is pushed into the keyhole after the door is locked and the key re moved. A padlock makes it secur A Square Cooking-Spoon The square edges of this new cook- ing-spoon scrape the corners of a pan or a dish, and prevent the burning or sticking of food. Per- forations in the bowl of the spoon allow the liquid to _ escape when solids are to be tested. The spoon may be used also as an egg separator or for draining off liquid

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ember, 1995 bottle re. coin, knife, it piece of > the cap rim has a ap so that is a lever s Burglar locking-dog, oil burglars. eyhole after the key re kes it secur Square -Spoon 3 new cook- yrners of a revent the food. Per- f the spoon to escape ssted.. The 9 as an egg g off liquid November, 1925 the Woman in the Home & There Is a Constant Supply for Every Need POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 51 Simple Steel-Wool Holder Steel wool is extremely useful in the house, but it often injures the fingers. The illustration at left shows a steel-wool holder with a new wad of wool being tucked into the groove Cake-Cutter Is a Lifter, Too Below is pictured a fine, sharp knife, attached to which is a pair of broad tongs that lift a slice of cake from dish sa No More Towels Rattling Windows Silenced Placed in between the window strip and frame, the little de- vice shown below quiets a rattling window in a jiffy. It can be attached permanently to the window-frame or merely pushed in when it is needed on the Floor Sonny pulls at the towel on its gravity rack. But the pull merely tightens the rack’s hold and locks it automatically until mother wishes the towel removed from the rack Grapefruit-Core | Remover ‘it for Small H | The handles of the cutter be- Ironer Built for Sma wnenegd | low are closed and the device Provided with its own stand and stool, the com- : is forced into the top of a pact electric ironer shown above can be used also grapefruit. In the fruit, they are opened and when with- drawn, ; bring out the core Cedar Egg for Moths Among the numerous remedies for dis- couraging moths, the latest is a cedar ball that may be hung up in a clothes- closet, in which case it is provided with ahook. It is said to last for a long time Metal Spoon Is Good Mixer A wide metal spoon with slots is designed especially for cake-mixing, but it also beats eggs and mashes potatoes. The fingers find an easy grip on the big grooved handle as a trousers press, by making the padded rolls become stationary . Mixing-Bowl or Pulverizer In jelly season this novel food pulver- izer can be used as a fruit press. Asa vegetable press, sieve, colander, ricer, or to make bread-crumbs, it has many every-day uses. The frame that holds the bowl is held firmly to the kit- chen table by means of thumb-screws

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY on 5 fis f & cm aed Electric Elevator Delivers Hats and Coats AT and coat, sir? Your check, sir?’ and the footman presses a button and opens the door of an electric elevator. The hat and coat come into view and are delivered to the waiting owner. This elevator, which does away with the check room on the main floor, was installed recently in the Savoy Hotel in Lon- don. Itissaid to attaina speed of 70 miles an hour and to handle 1000 loads an hour. Notice that there is a place in each compartment for’ the The footman presses a button to set the elevator in motion. It travels up and down at‘a speed of 70 miles an hour Englishman’s _indispens- able walking stick. ‘‘Beef Extract’? Manufactured from Fish Refuse WAY has been found to make an extract resembling that of beef out of fish refuse. At Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, tons of refuse left on shore daily by fishing fleets used to be given away to fertilizer manufacturers. In the future these manufacturers will have to compete with a canning company that wants it for the new food product. Rights to make the extract have been obtained for the United States. Autograph-Telegrams Popular BP ELINOGRAPH, the system of sending photographs grams by wire, is becoming popular in Europe. The cost of sending an auto- graphed telegram has been reduced in France to 25 cents. Many advantages are pointed out for this new type of telegram. Messages need not be translated for transmission. One hundred words can be written easily on a form and go as a single photograph. The sender can be sure that his message will be delivered exactly as he wrote it and the receiver can identify the sender by his own signature. Moreover, the transmission is declared to be very rapid. of autographed tele-: High Seat for the Baby Will Fit Any Chair A NEW high-chair attachment provides a seat for the small child any time, where ever an ordinary chair is avail- able. It has _ rubber-covered _ steel hooks that fit over the back of a chair and are adjustable to various makes of chairs. Made of canvas, the attachment folds into a small package easy to carry when touring or traveling. New Portable Arc-Light Uses Minimum of Current HE remarkable feature of this new portable arc-light, designed for use in photography or for producing stage light- ing effects, is the fact that it uses only six watts of current. Various types of portable arc-lights have, of course, been in use for many years, but this is the first model that uses only one-seventh of the power required to operate ordinary electric-light bulbs such as are used in houses. A New Gas Mask A GAS mask that produces its own oxygen has been invented by H. C. Carter of Victoria, Australia. Renewing gas in masks long has been a difficult problem in masks used by miners and divers. This picture was made with illumination from a portable light like the one shown here November, 1995. Billiard-Cue Tips Fastened | by Ingenious Joint crag tips on pool or billiard cugg have an annoying tendency to drop off at an exciting part of the game. H. L. Wheeler, of Springfield, Vt., recently invented a new way of applying the tips to avoid this. The point of the cue is turned with a cylindrical projection that fits into a recess in the tip. The tip then is applied with glue in the usual way, but the method is said to provide a much firmer joint than the conventional method, If the tip should break in a game, an. other can be put on and will stay fixed for several games without glue, the inventor claims. The tips are made in many different styles. Uncle Sam Trying to Make Dollars Last Longer OW to make one-dollar bills last longer is the subject of intensive experiments now being conducted jointly by the U. S. Bureau of Efficiency and the Bureau of Standards. Twenty carloads of these bills are manufactured by Uncle Sam each year, Due to the quality of the material now used, they wear out sooner than the experts think they should, and must be replaced. At present the paper money is made from rags—about 75 per cent linen and 25 per cent cotton. Experiments are being conducted to see if the government cannot employ stronger bases, such as wood pulp, Manila hemp, African grass called esparta, and Kansas wheat straw. The govern- ment has its own paper-making machines, which can produce paper from various materials. Hammer-Head and Handle Forged in One Piece A HEAD that cannot fly off and a handle that cannot break are the advantages claimed for the new type of hammer pictured below. The handle and head are forged in one piece of steel. The end of the metal shank is covered with wood to provide a good grip. Pulling a nail head through the wood with the new hammer, welded in one piece of — &- et —e ~é 4 8®5 —hee - PD - fm tete tt rm tt est LL

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ember, 1995. stened nt illiard Cues cy to drop the game, ‘t., recently plying the Of the cue projection 9. The tip usual way, ide a much 1al method, , Yame, an- ay fixed for ne inventor in many Make er bills last f intensive ted jointly ciency and » bills are each year, aterial now than the d must be or money is r cent linen iducted to ot employ ood pulp, led esparta, he govern- ¥ machines, ym various landle ce off and a ik are the 2»w type of handle and teel. The vered with 20d with ne piece Vest-Pocket Savings Bank Holds Four Dollars in Dimes VEST-POCKET bank to catch stray dimes before they slip away, clips on the pocket like a fountain pen. It is only four inches long, and because it is wedge- shaped so that the dimes stack up at an angle, its thickness is not more than half an inch. The little bank will hold four dollars. A woman can slip it into her handbag. The bank is locked with a snap-spring which is opened with a key. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY New Safety Fire Hydrant Is Shock-Proof HOCK-PROOF fire hy- 1 UE drants were installed sat recently in Los Angeles, Calif. If a careless motor- ist knocks one of the plugs out, a safety valve in its base automatically shuts off the flow of water. Another advantage is a valve arrangement that permits a fire engine to be coupled to the hydrant without shutting off the water. In the photograph Battalion Chief Blake of the Los Angeles fire de- partment is seen testing one of the hydrants. DISCOVERY of a_ solder suitable for welding alu- minum recently was re- ported from Germany. em emenmet It is said to be composed of seven different metals. Oar-Propelled Kiddie Cart Gives Rowing Exercise ya physical instructors generally agree that rowing exercises more muscles of the body than almost any other sport, it is one form of exercise usually denied to children. Boats are too heavy for their strength. A new play cart gives the rowing exer- cise on dry land. Except that the child sits facing the “‘bow” while pulling on the oars, the movements are the same as in rowing a boat. The little cart is driven forward from a sprocket drive on the rear axle, the chain being pulled by the “oars,” which must be raised before sliding back to first position. Steering is done by the feet. The cart is furnished with a slide seat, if desired. WHEN your fountain pen runs dry and you have no way of filling it, usually you can obtain a supply of writing fluid simply by filling the tube about half full with water. Asa rule, there are enough ink crystals in the tube to make a fairly good writing fluid. This Novel Ashtray Holds Cigarette Extinguisher COMBINATION cigarette extin- guisher and ashtray is made of non- breakable, washable porcelain enamel. It cannot tip over easily. When the smoker finishes a cigarette, he simply drops it, lighted end first, into a tilting tubular receptacle, where it is quickly extinguished. The receptacle then is emptied simply by flipping one end of the tube with a finger. $ The rim may be de- tached from the tray for cleaning. The smoked cigarette is extinguished simply by dropping it in the tilting tube at left Pulling the lit- tle oars propels the cart for- ward. Steering is done with the feet Px Safety Key for Oil Tanks Fe PREVENT explosions caused by static electricity generated in filling a motor-tank truck with oil, a device has just been perfected in the form of a key that must be inserted in the cap and left there, in order to open the tank. This key is grounded so as to lead off any electricity generated. Battalion Chief Blake of the Los Angeles Fire Department (at right) demonstrating the automobile-proof hydrant New Compound Kills Weeds in the Garden Path USSIGHTLY weeds along the garden path are doomed, according to in- formation from Germany. Certain com- pounds have just been patented that may be added to the gravel before laying the paths in order to prevent any weeds from growing, or they may be powdered or sprayed on the weeds to kill them. The most potent of these compounds are the sodium and calcium paratoluene sul- phonamides. Vast Supply of Potash A THOUSAND years’ supply of potash for the American farmer, making us independent of supplies from Chile and other foreign countries, is possible as a result of a discovery of a new process for making potassium sulphate from green- sand. Large quantities of this peculiar type of sandstone are found in Delaware, New Jersey, and Maryland near the surface so that it can be worked with steam-shovels. The designer conceives new designs by look- ing at odds and ends of silk and metal through a tube containing kaleidoscopic mirrors Original Designs Created by Kaleidoscopic Tube “THOSE who figure out our designs for dress goods, wall-paper, and rugs are required to tax their imaginations. Sometimes they run out of ideas. A novel device called a ‘“‘designoscope”’ has been invented recently to help them. It is designed to produce varied patterns and decorative motifs by means of small pieces of tinfoil, scraps of silk, colored paper, glass, jewels, in fact, almost any small objects. The operator looks through a small hole at the top of a triangular tube that contains kaleidoscopic mirrors. The scraps of material are placed upon a white revolving disk directly below the tube. As these whirl around, the opera- tor sees an ever-changing combination of colors and designs. The apparatus makes an entertaining toy, as well as serving its utilitarian purpose, for its possibilities are practically unlimited.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY November, 1995 . Spectacular F eats Some Thrilling Parachute Jumps— Photos Developed in Flight Aerial photographs now can be de- veloped and printed in flight within five minutes after exposure by the ingenious new apparatus shown above. Special films are developed in tubes An Instant Later He Hit the Roof When Al Reeves, daring stunt flier, leaped from a speeding plane above San Francisco not long ago, his parachute failéd.. The roof of a church’ rushed up to meet him, and he was badly injured. This unusual photograph shows Reeves an instant before he landed on the church roof Jump from Balloon A world’s record is claimed by five parachute jumpers who recently descended 3000 feet from a balloon above Oakland, Calif. All five left the balloon simultaneously, and all landed safely. The picture at the left shows the balloon ascending with the jumpers dangling be- low. The descent is shown above To Cross Atlantic? Henri Pitot and Marcel Pollon, French aviators, are shown below standing beside the 750- horsepower plane designed for their attempted non-stop flight from Paris to New York for the $25,000 prize offered by Ray- mond Orteig, of New York. The machine is a monoplane

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ber, 1925. CS loon med by rs who 00 feet Yakland, balloon - landed the left scending ling be- mn. above tic? | Pollon, shown the 750- sned for op flight k for the by Ray- v York. onoplane November, 1925 Mark A The Latest in POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ir Progress Motorless Gliding Safe on Earth—The Two Jumpers Here are the two famous parachute jumpers, Lyman Ford and Alga F. Starr, just after completing their recent thrilling jump from the ill-fated Shenandoah, at Lakehurst, N. J. Ford’s parachute is at his feet, while Starr is showing how he carries the umbrella on his back A Cameraman’s Perilous Perch Here are two of the last pictures taken of the Shenandoah before her tragic crash in Ohio. Above: John Dockhurst, movie cameraman, is perched on a gondola strut shooting pictures of Ford and Starr dur- ing their parachute jump. At right: A parachute leaving the ill-fated airship Motorcycle Lifts Glider In latest experiments with motorless gliders, German aviation experts have de- veloped this new method of hopping off. A motorcycle hitched to the glider pulls it along the ground until it has attained enough speed torise. When the machine is aloft, a touch of a lever releases the tow rope and the glider soars on its own A Fire Ladder to the Rescue The photograph below shows how a fire- ladder apparatus was used in an attempt to repair the netting cord of the army balloon S-16 after it had been broken by a gale. The extension ladder was found to be the only means of reaching the break without damaging the expensive gas bag underneath

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The inventor and the ma- chine he worked eight years to make perfect POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Machine Turns Words into Code « Arrze working eight years on his invention, Edwin H. Pierson, of Denver, Colo., has perfected a machine with typewriter keyboard that may be called “almost human,” for it translates words into telegraph code, either Morse or Continental, so that any one who can use a typewriter can send telegrams, though entirely ignorant of tele- graphic codes. The speed with which a message is sent can be regulated to any desired rate. Likewise, if the operator should write un- evenly or irregularly on - the keyboard, the mech- anism of the instrument adjusts it and sends the message perfectly spaced, with exact dots and dashes. Similar in size and ap- pearance to an ordinary typewriter, it is said to be easier to operate. There is no end line to Typewriter transmits telegrams in Morse or Continental watch, nor line spacing. He Protects Case of Precious Plumes with Poison Gas ‘THE dean of the Maryland Academy of Science, Dr. Francis C. Nicholas, has originated an idea for guarding a rare collection of plumes of the bird of para- dise and other fowls. The collection is in a glass case, and beside the beautiful gold and white plumes is a small vial labeled with a death’s head. case the following notice is pasted: “This case of plumes is protected by war gas. To open the case is to court death. The plumes have been poisoned and to handle them will result in serious — injury.” METAL foil rolled to an amazing thin- ness is claimed to be the product of a new process invented by Karl Meuller, of Berlin. It retains its elasticity and be- comes transparent. The discovery is hailed as of great use in the telephone, radio, and musical-instrument industries. Double Door Latch and Grip Saves Irritating Delay "TRYING to open a door that happens to have its thumb latch on the other side means moments of exasperation. An ingenious latch that works both ways and gives a grip on both sides of the door elim- inates these. It can be used on any thickness of door, from 1% inches to 2% inches. Two screws at the top and bottom of each handle prevent it from working loose. A pair of padlock eyes are in- cluded with the set of latches. The device can be used interchangeably on right- or left-hand doors, swinging in or out. It is made of Double door handlesheavy wrought steel. On the | A Five-Pound Movie Camera NVENTORS are . busy these days per- fecting motion-picture cameras for amateurs. A new one, weighing only five pounds, is held at waist level and when the operator presses a button, 20 feet. of film is exposed. New movie camera has simple mechanism _ After the pictures have been taken, by a special process the negative is changed to a positive and used for projection. November, 1925 When not j the sled whee can be folded up Pram Is Converted into a Sled by Adjustable Runners FroR a baby carriage or go-cart, a run. ner attachment changes it into a sled, The runners are lowered by a lever at the back of the carriage. When not in Use, they are folded easily and raised aboye the lower portion of the wheels, out of the way. They may be clamped easily to the axle of any go-cart. It requires but a few moments to prepare a sled for the baby, Ingenious Instrument Shows Position of Ship at Sea OR determining the position of a ship at sea, a retired Italian shipmaster, Signor Nuschak, has invented an in- genious instrument, which he calls the “arcometer.”’ The arcometer is a mechan- ical model. of the firmament. It consists of two circles (meridian and equator), mounted so as to move on axes at right angles to each other. The meridian circle is furnished with a semicircle rep- resenting the horizon. : At an angle of 90 degrees to this semi- circle are two other semicircles (the hours), All these arcs and circles are graduated. Two micrometrical screws, slow-motion tangent screws, and verniers are fixed at the base of the instrument. The verniers are equipped with enlarging prisms, to enable the navigator to make a reading in dim light. ONE home burns every three minutes in the United States, according to the National Board of Fire Underwriters. Defective flues cause the most fires, with sparks on roofs a close second. New Air-Pressure Suit Cures the “Bends” ORKERS under air pressure are It is pro- subject to the “‘bends.” duced by a too sudden lieves the distressed condition and then the air pressure can be lowered gradually. changeof pressure and is due to the formation of small bubbles of air in the body, which press against impor- tant nerves. This pe- © culiar caterpillar suit is the invention of a German, who claims that a man suffering from the “‘bends” can be placed inside the suit and air pressure applied up to the de- gree he has been work- i i; ee ing urder. This re- Method of administering coripressed air to sufferer from “ bends”

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ied cohen 2e folded up a Sled ers rt, a run- nto a sled, ver at the ot in use, sed above ls, out of ily to the ires but a r the baby, Shows Sea of a ship at hipmaster, ed an in- > calls the ; a mechan- It consists . equator), es at right » meridian icircle rep- » this semi- the hours). graduated. low-motion ire fixed at he verniers prisms, to » a reading ee minutes ording to .derwriters. ; fires, with 1ds” n and then 1 gradually. Chicago Bank Employees Hold Fort against Bandits O FIGHT off bandits, a state savings- bank in Chicago has installed a minia- ture fort. A seven-foot semicylindrical steel plate set upon a rear balcony and camouflaged to look like a pillar serves as a turret. Through a small slot in this, an employee keeps a high powered rifle constantly trained on the bank floor be- low. The plate is armor for the watchman. The photograph shows a junior em- ployee standing guard. Besides this pre- caution, the bank has established a regulation rifle range in the basement, where all of the employees, including women, are taught to shoot. The bank has six rifles, a number of pistols, and electric buttons concealed in various places that will bring outside aid if the arse- nal inside is not sufficient. DISTEMPER has been traced to a germ similar to the ty- phoid-fever germ. The dis- ease is very costly to silver- fox fur farmers, and experi- menters are hoping that a remedy soon will be found to fight it now that the bacteria is isolated. # ‘an Indian, formerly a football POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Movable Vise Aids Workmen CERTAIN Paris toolmaker often had noticed how awkwardly men: had to work on jobs held This sometimes meant a poor shape or finish to the work and perhaps a job done over again. It did not take the Paris toolmaker long to solve the problem. He set a vise on a ball base that fits into a spring socket. A small auxiliary vise on the side tightens the socket and makes it immovable, once set at the angle desired by By this means awkward positions in a vise. What was the answer? the worker. at work are avoided and measurements followed easily. 57 No more awkward .. corners for users . y of adjustable vises LAYING 36,000 bricks a day, or 3% carloads, James Brown, player at Carlisle, has amazed fellow workmen at Kansas City, Mo., who are convinced that he must be the world’s champion bricklayer. Five men are kept busy sup- plying him with bricks. He receives two dollars an hour for his labor, making $16 a day and says he believes he can even break this remarkable record when he has been at it awhile. He challenges any one to a bricklaying contest. How the new movable vise is set on its ball socket How the tool trims grass edge and also forms a narrow drainage channel Wire-Straightening Machine Salvages Junk MASSES of tangled wire, often thrown away, may be salvaged in a new and unusual straightening machine. It will save 95 per cent of the wire put in it, itis claimed, no matter how badly twisted. The wire is stretched over eight rolls made of tool steel. The first two act as pinching rolls, with spring adjustment to prevent shaft strain. The remaining six rolls are staggered. The shafts are made of high carbon steel. The machine will handle wire from one- sixteenth inch to three-eighth inch and from 150 feet to 200 feet a minute. AFTER 15 years’ re- search, a new wheat, said to beinvulnerable to black rust, has been developed by R. S. McFadden, a South Dakota grain-grower. It is a mixture of hard red spring wheat crossed with the EmmerorSpletzstem, he says- New Garden Tool Gives a Neat Finish to Lawns and Walks AFTER you finish mowing the lawn, there are still the edges to be trimmed. along the walks. This is the most tire some part of the whole job. Everything from a kitchen knife to a hoe is used to do the work and without very good results, A new tool, easily operated, keeps tha edges trim and clean. As it is pulled along, it cuts a narrow, even strip of the sod next the walk or curbing, leaving a shallow drainage groove, as shown in tha illustration at the left. ForTy dinosaur eggs have been found in Mongolia by the Roy Chapman Andrews expedition, according to cables received from the leader of the expedition. Fine dinosaur skeletons and skulls, arrow and spear points, old hearths and other arche- ological material, indicating a human culture of “dune dwellers” in the stone age, are other discoveries. ‘Ten thousand feet of spectacular pictures have been taken. Mirror Switch Plate Will Fit Various Sizes of Switches N ECONOMICAL fixture recently put on the market is a mirror switch plate that fits various sizes of switches. It has a rectangular slot that permits the use of any standard square handle tumbler switch. With a mirror backing, the plate fits in well with most decorative schemes, or plates can be obtained to match any color scheme desired for the home. Placing new plate .

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How to Fig. 1. Front view of the crystal set, showing tuning coil, dial, and the crystal mounting in this country who live within five miles or less cf a powerful radio broadcasting station. And, judging from the total sales of complete radio receivers and the parts from which to make them, a surprisingly large number of these people have not yet taken any interest in radio. Building a simple crystal racio receiver is a mighty good way to get started in radio. You can build such a set at a minimum of expense and the upkeep cost is practically nothing. Then when you decide later to build a vacuum-tube radio receiver, the whole subject will be much less mysterious and difficult. A friend of mine started in radio by way of the crystal-receiver route, and while he now possesses a remarkably good five-tube receiver, the old crystal set still is kept in commission and he uses it a great deal. He lives within a mile or two of one of our best broadcasting stations and when he happens to be alone at home and wishes to listen to the pro- gram from the local station, he dons the ear phones, adjusts the crystal until he finds a sensitive spot, and settles back in his armchair to enjoy the music while he reads the evening paper. "Tina are many ‘millions of people AS HE puts it: “Why should I wear out my tubes and use up my batteries just to hear station WXYZ when the crystal set brings in the music with per- fect quality and the ear phones shut out all the street noises?” The crystal radio receiver shown in Figs. 1 and 4 was designed and built to show howsimply and easily a good set of this type can be con- structed. No tools were used other than those to be found in every household, such as a small wood saw, a gimlet, a penknife, and a screwdriver. No soldering-iron was used and all the connections were made with the same wire used to wind the tuning coil. Here are the parts of the set as indicated by letters on the illustrations: A and B—tuning unit; C—va- riable condenser, .0005 mfd. (23- plate); D—crystal detector; E— fixed condenser, .0005 mfd.; F— PHONE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY wooden panel for variable condenser; G— wooden baseboard, 6 by 11 inches; four binding posts, dial for variable condenser, screws, etc. You will have to buy about a quarter- pound of No. 22 double silk-covered wire for the tuning unit A-B, and of course you also will have to purchase the vari- able condenser C, the crystal detector D, the fixed condenser E, and the binding posts_and dial for the condenser. It is a mighty good idea to buy a really good variable condenser and dial, be- cause these parts can be used later in a vacuum-tube receiver. Get a dial of standard make so that you will have no difficulty in matching it if the vacuum- tube design calls for more than one dial. ‘TBE rest of the parts can be of low- priced type and of course the base- board and the panel for the variable condenser can be cut out of an old pack- ing-case or any stray half-inch board that happens to be handy. The tuning unit A-B is wound on a piece of cardboard tubing two inchesin outside diameter and four inches long. There is no magic in this particular size, however. You can use smaller or larger tubing if it happens to be convenient, al- though you will have to change the number of turns of wire to correspond. The larger the tubing, the ‘lower the number of turns of wire needed. Cotton- covered wire or enameled wire can be used if you prefer. Use more turns with GRD. Pictorial Wiring Diagram for Beginners Dotted lines indicate connections when very short antenna is used or when broadcasting station is far away Fig. 2. November, 1925 Build a Crystal Set This Simple Receiver Will Help You Get Started Right in Radio By Alfred P. Lane cotton-covered and fewer with enameled wire, Coil A consists of 30 turns of wire and coil B has 85 turns. determined by the variable condenser you use, The number of turns in coil A, on the other hand, The number of turns in coil B jg should be adjusted so that you will get the proper degree of sensitiveness and ge- lectivity, and these factors are in turn governed by the distance from the broad- casting station and the size of your antenna. Two small holes are punched through the cardboard tubing at the point where each coil begins and ends. The coils are wound as close together as convenient. The end of the wire is passed in one hole and out the other, leaving a long end that can be connected directly with the other instruments. The completed coil is held in place by a small brass right-angle bracket in the model receiver, but it is equally satisfactory to glue the end of it to the baseboard. Don’t do this until 7. PHONES B ae - Wiring Diagram A Fig. 3. The ends of the wires that form the > tuning unit are con- nected directly with the binding posts of the other parts. No soldered joints are used you are sure that you have the windings right for your particular conditions. il YOU are very close to several broad- casting stations and you can put up a long outdoor antenna, you may have to cut down the number of turns in coil A. I would suggest that you wind the specified number and then take off turns until you can separate the different broadcasting stations. Perhaps you are as much as five miles away from the nearest sta- tion. In that case you should in- crease the number of turns in coil A, or you can decrease the number B cf turns in coil B and connect binding posts Nos. 1 and 2 directly with the ends of coil B, thus elim- inating coil A altogether. How to A do this is shown in. dotted lines in / Fig. 2. The reason for decreasing the number of turns in coil B when coil A is eliminated is because in the latter case the antenna and ground become part of the tuned circuit and their capacity is.added to that of the variable condenset C. Eliminating coil A also 8 desirable if you have to use @ ANT.

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oT, 1925 ot lelp 1d 10 l wire, l coil B il B ig yu use, r hand, vill get and se- in turn broad- f your hrough > where oils are venient, ne hole nd that ie other is held it-angle ut it is nd of it is until PHONES im s of 1 the con- 1 the arts. used windings ns. 1 broad- jut up a have to n coil A. ind the off turns different +h as five rest sta- hould in- ns in coil » number connect , directly ius elim- How to d lines in ising the B when ecause in nna an he tuned - is-added condenser A also. is to use @ ‘November, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 59 short antenna of, say, 40 feet or less. You cannot expect to get good reception with any crystal set, however, on such a short antenna unless you are within a mile of the proadcasting station. AM giving these possible variations so that you can adapt the crystal set to your own particular needs. If you are in doubt about how to do it in your own case, I shall be glad to advise you if you will let me know the actual distance to the nearest broadcasting sta- tion and the length and height of antenna you can put up. After the coil A-B is wound, study Figs. 1 and 4 and mount the rest of the instruments as shown. The wiring is extremely simple. The wire from the upper end of coil A goes to bind- ing post No. 2 and the other wire from coil A goes to bind- ing post No. 1. Then scrape off the insulation on the wire from the lower end of coil B so that you can connect it with the binding post that is on the metal framework of the variable condenser C. This wire continues to one side of the fixed condenser EF and then $225 in PRIZES Remarkable Contest for Radtio-Set Builders ATCH for the December number of PopuLar SciENcE Monruty. give you all the rules for a new and decidedly unique radio competition. It will show you how you can build yourself a fine radio receiver and at the same time compete for a first prize of $150, a second prize of $50, and a third prize of $25. You need not be a radio expert to stand a chance of winning one of these prizes. even if you do not win a prize, you are sure to have a highly efficient radio receiver as com- pensation for your trouble. This contest will give you a chance to exer- cise your mechanical ingenuity, your skill as a home craftsman, and actually to do intensely interesting and practical experimental work in developing an excellent radio receiver. Don’t miss this unusual contest IN NEXT MONTH’S ISSUE It. will and forth very slowly, while with the other hand lightly touch the fine wire, called the “catwhisker,”’ to the surface of the crystal at various points. Eventually you will find a sen- sitive spot and you will hear music or speech in the head phones. just as soon as you hear the faintest sound in the head phones, stop adjusting the crys- tal detector and turn the dial of condenser C until the signal is as loud as possible. Then let the dial alone while you re- adjust the cat whisker until the music or speech is as loud as possible. The next step is to write down on a piece of paper And the number on the dial at which the signal is being received. The crystal will stay in ad- justment for as much as several days at a time if it is not ac- cidentally jarred out of posi- tion. It is well, therefore, to locate the receiver where you are not likely to strike it with your arm in moving about the room, and it also is worth while to set the whole outfit on a soft pad of cloth to take up vibrations that may be trans- mitted to it from the table. You will find there is a to binding post No. 3. . Now connect the top end of coil B with the binding post on con- denser C, which is fastened to the stationary plates of the condenser. Many types of variable condensers have a bind- ing post at each end of the stationary plates. If yours is of this type, connect the other binding post on the stationary plates with one terminal of the crystal- detector stand. EonrLers the wiring by connecting a wire from the other terminal of the crystal detector stand with the remaining terminal of fixed condenser E and con- tinue it to binding post No. 4. The antenna should be as long and as high as you can get it and should be insulated at every point where it touches any support. Connect it with binding post No. 1. Then connect binding post No. 2 with the nearest cold- water pipe. The head phones should be connected with binding posts Nos. 3 and 4. Buy good head phones. The quality of your reception de-- pends on them and they al- ways will be useful, even with a vacuum- tube set, for tuning in distant stations and for listening in late at night when you do not want to disturb the neigh- bors by running the loudspeaker. Most head phones are adjusted so that they will clamp fightly on the small- est size of head. How to Assemble the Parts on Baseboard Fig. 4. This view shows how to assemble the instruments on the baseboard and wooden panel. Note that the connections from binding posts to the fixed condénser E are made by means of 6-32 brass screws passed through the holes in each eyelet as illustrated You will find much more comfort in wearing them if you will bend the frames very carefully until they will just stay in place on your ears. Additional com- fort may be secured by bending the headbands so that they touch your head evenly for several inches instead of just at one or two spots. To get the set into operation after everything is connected properly, check up the radio program in your daily paper and make sure that the station you want to hear actually is broadcasting. Place the head phones on your head and with one hand turn the dial of condenser C back great difference in the sensitiveness of different crys- tals. Some are very much better than others. As a general rule, the fixed type of crystal detector is not so sensitive as those in which an adjustment can be made to find the extremely sensitive points. bbe you finally locate a really sensitive crystal, it should be treated carefully. Protect it from dust and do not handle it with your bare hands. Use pliers to pick it up or use a piece of dry cloth over your fingers. Since this crystal radio receiver will be your first introduction to radio at first hand, you probably will be a bit curious as to how the radio signals that come down the antenna are converted into sound waves that you actually can hear. To begin with, the radio waves are oscillating back and forth at enormously high frequencies. At a wave length of 200 meters they are sliding up and down your antenna and through the A coil of your receiver at a rate of 1,500,000 times a second. This cur- rent, moving back and forth through the wire in the A coil, sets up a rapidly chang- ing magnetic field about the coil and the changing lines of force cut through the turns of wire in the Bceoil and induce a current in them. This current in turn flows back and forth through the wires of coil B to the plates of variable condenser C. Turning the dial (Continued on page 148)

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY November, 1925. The Popular Science Institute of Standards Tells When a Radio Coil Is“Low Loss” a radio receiver is interested vitally in the tuning coils used in the set, for the efficiency of these parts determines, to a very large extent, the selectivity and distance-getting ability of the outfit. All sorts of tuning coils have been recommended by various radio engineers and experimenters. One authority maintains that the spider-web type of winding is the best. Another is equally sure that a-plain, cylindrical coil has more advantages. And soit goes, with new types of coils appearing on the market, each one claiming to be a marked advance over its predecessors. - Sometimes the new coil actual- ly is better. This is usually the case when the design is the re- sult of intensive research work by competent engineers. But unfortunately, there are many coils that are produced solely to catch the eye of the radio-set builder. Then, too, the sharp tuning qualities of a radio coil are in- fluenced to a great extent by the other parts in the receiver. This means that a coil that shows up well on the test bench may not give as good results when built into a receiver because the other instru- ments in the set may be mounted in the wrong position with relation to the mag- netic field of the coil. The characteristics found in every tuning coil and that determine its efficiency are: 1. Its inherent resistance or the actual resistance of the winding to the passage of radio-frequency currents. 2. Its distributed capacity, or the electrical capacity of the turns of wire, one with another, which permits the current to flow across the coil instead of Bes radio fan who buys or builds By Alexander Senauke, M.E., E.E. Testing Coils at the Institute Note that the coils are suspended in midair by means of strings. This is in order to eliminate the effect of stray magnetic field through the wire. This effect runs up the apparent resistance of the coil and reduces the wave-length range that can be covered with any given variable condenser. 3. Its stray magnetic field, which also increases the apparent resistance by per- mitting energy to be lost through the generation of waste current in the metallic part of neighboring apparatus. This property of tuning coils is highly impor- tant, for it is the cause of feed-back and howling and often causes a coil to show up very poorly when it is used in a radio receiver. Bearing these facts in mind, we can say safely that a tuning coil for use in modern radio receivers should have: 1. Low resistance. 2. Low distributed capacity. 3. A concentrated magnetic field. The effective radio-frequency resistance as measured in the Popular Science Institute of Standards Radio Laboratory, includes the sum of the first two causes of coil inefficiency, but does not take into account the stray magnetic field, because laboratory meas- urements always are made with the coil well separated from any. object that might influence its action. ‘5 The radio-frequency resistance of a coil depends, also, on the diameter of the coil and the num- ber of turns of wire in it. This means that a coil designed to cover the broadcast range of wave lengths when used with a .0005-microfarad variable con- denser (23-plate), naturally will have a lower resistance than an- other coil of the same type that has sufficient wire to cover the broadcasting range with a smaller condenser. Theinductance of a tuning coil is measured in microhenries and the ef- ective resistance is measured in ohms. In our test work we use a figure of merit that allows us to compare coils of different sizes. This figure of merit is the ohms resistance to each microhenry of inductance. The accompanying tabie shows some of the results of tests on various types of tuning coils now obtainable in the open market. These tests show only the ef- fective resistance of the coil when sup- ported in the air at some distance from any other instruments. The figures indicate, therefore, the relative value of the coils only when they are used in large radio sets. Coil | : Wire size and Inductance ae R R. F. R R. F. RE: F. ~ Averace ‘ere of Merit r | Descripti ; ; 4 : A sistanc sistance sistance + esistance per No. eserigtion end type of winding Diam. Length Insulation microhenries | ay 300 Meters at 400 Meters|at 600 Meters| Resistance aitcaptoaice i “i i 1/y6- * . ” Se tee a > Fee —cgeleallag ea EET 1% in No. 22 d.c.c. 154 5.0 4.0 a ‘+ 027 ~ 2 | Same 3 in, 14%in. | No. 22 ds.c. 153 6.4 3.2 4.3 5.3 .035 Single-layer solenoid supported j 3 game ps hee co 3 in. 2% in. No. 22 d.c.c. 246 7.6 ~ ef 4.3 59 .024 ribs. o Dinding materia eve. solenoid, a gered adjacent turns, wit : : r 4 binding composition at 3 in 2 in. No. 22 d.s.c. 284 8.9 7.0 5.4 TA 025 crossings, self-supporting Single-layer solenoid, spaced 5 ser _— of wire on cellu- 3 in. 2% in. No. 22 s.s.c. 276 7.6 55 4.3 5.8 021 oi m 6) | Pace ever enlenoid on skele-| 23¢in, | 1% in. | No. 26 d.s.c. 184 7.2 5.6 4.2 5.7 031 Multi-layer honeycomb on : 13 7 Z a 5 gah skeleton bakelite frame 2% in. dik No. 24 d.s.c. $20 ain ashe saci sil ‘ . - Inside ancake, self-supporting, on 2% in. * >) =) 8 three wooden pegs Outside No. 24 8.8.c. 340 ss ne sais aii we 3% in. Double-coil construction of 1%i 2 1/16 i 9 two coils in series, winding eae 16 in. No. 30 s.s.c. 290 19.3 15.8 2.3 15.8 -055 spaced on celluloid film each each Complete toroid staggered ad- — 10 jacent turns, molded skele- Vauide No. 22 d.c.c. 180 11.6 9.8 8.2 9.9 055 ton supporting frame 2% in. Lorenz basket, self-supporting 4 in, 134-in... |. No.18 d.c.c. 182 6.0 a5. J 3.4 4.6 025 i N we pnrermwsr cl

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*, 1925. 99 odern tance cience Radio sum f coil take rnetic meas- : with Nn any ce its stance mn the -num- This ed to ge of with a . con ly will an an- e that er the maller ng coil she ef- is. In it that t sizes. stance some ‘pes of » Open he ef- n sup- m any licate, e coils io sets. Uerit per vies November, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Five-Hundred-Foot Masts The remarkable view above shows the top of one of the 500-foot antenna masts for the powerful new broad- casting stations at Daventry, Eng- land. This station is equipped to operate on 50 kilowatts on a wave length of slightly more than 1500 meters. Wind pressure against masts and antenna is so great that special anchorage had to be devised to pre- vent disaster. It is predicted that many radio fans in the United States using special tuning equipment will hear the broadcasting from Daventry Giant Tubes for Station WPL Below is an excellent view of the transmitting tubes now being used by Station WPL of New York City and other broadcasting stations licensed to transmit on high power. The tubes are water cooled, since otherwise the intense heat they give out would destroy the elements os Guy wires for the masts are fastened to solid concrete anchors weighing 60 tons / | Radio Car Will Cross Continent A New York auto dealer now is ex- perimenting with an automobile that is controlled entirely by radio impulses from another car. The radio-con- trolled car is shown above, in the lead. At the right is a view of the com- plicated system of relays used to ac- tuate the steering mechanism, gears, znd also the brakes 61 Some New Marvels of Radio How Mystery Waves Are Harnessed for Greater Uses A Huge Insulator eae One of the gigantic insulators used at the Daventry broadcasting station, compared with a man for size. They are approximately six feet in length Apparatus that controls driverless car

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Breaking How to Install It for the Best Possible Radio Efficiency ERKINS, who lives next door, P dropped in a few nights ago and asked me to “come over to his house for a minute.” I noticed that the living-room was lighted more brilliantly than usual, and the reason for the bright light and the call for help was quite apparent as we stepped into the room. In the middle of the floor was a huge cardboard packing-case with the name of a prominent radio manufacturer printed in large letters on the side. Surrounding it were smaller packages. Evidently my friend hed decided to become a radio fan, and while he was about it had purchased a complete outfit. Aside from the radio receiver itself, there were a storage battery, several blocks of dry-cell B_ batteries, a loudspeaker, an- tenna equipment, and a_ lightning arrester, also several knife switches and a coil of wire for POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY in Your New Set By John Carr making connections. OW that I’ve bought it,’’ said Perkins help- lessly, “I can’t for the life of me figure out where to put it all. The wife will have a fit if I muss up the living-room with a lot of un- sightly wires and things. What’ll I do?” Thousands of men have stood in Perkins’ shoes; for there is no question that the proper in- stallation of a radio receiver often pre- sents a real problem. Frequently a com- A radio-cabinet stand with compartment for the batteries makes an exceilent installation where batteries cannot be placed down in the cellar promise has to be This loudspeaker gave the best made between ef- results on top of a bookcase in a one corner of the living-room ficiency, appear- ance, and ease of 7: ‘operation to keep peace in the family. _ As for Perkins’ set, we finally decided to put the receiver on a table in the living-room, run wires through a hole in the floor to the batteries in the cellar, and place the loudspeaker on a bookcase near by. If you are living in an apartment, where everything must be kept on the same floor, you cannot put the batteries in the cellar. A good way to do in such a case is to purchase or construct a radio- cabinet stand that includes a compart- In this cellar installation, the A batteries light the filaments of the receiver and ring the door- bell. Wires marked A above the battery run to the receiver and those marked B to the bell ment for the batteries. Another way is to hide the batteries behind some near-by piece of furniture or in a closet. Aside from appearance and the neces- sity for locating the receiver near the best place to connect with the lead-in wire, the question of light is important. You must place the receiver where the lights November, 1925 Useful Hints that Will Help to Solve Beginners’ Problems already in the room will shine on the tuning dials; or else install a special drop-light near the set. Fortunately, the loudspeaker can be installed wherever you want it without regard to the position of the receiver itself. This is be cause the volume and tone are not affected by the length of wire be tween set and loudspeaker. It ig possible, therefore, to locate the receiver in the cellar, attic, or kitchen and still enjoy broadcasting in the living-room. The only digs. advantage of such an installation is the inconvenience of retuning if you decide to listen to the program from another station rather than the one for which the receiver is adjusted, "THERE is one real advantage in placing the loudspeaker some dis- tance from the radio receiver. Such an arrangement positively prevents any chance for howling and humming noises, which sometimes are pro- duced by actual mechanical vibra- tions set up in the elements of the tubes by the waves of sound from a loudspeaker that is too near by. The location for the receiver decided upon, the next step is the erection of a suitable outdoor an- tenna. Of course, theoretically, there are perfect methods for erecting an an- tenna, but the aver- age radio fan is so bound about by the physical limitations of the location, that his antenna _prob- ably is far from perfect anyway. OU can be satis- fied that you have the best an- tenna possible if you get it as high as possible and as long as you can up to 100 feet. This does not mean that you should erect a 50- foot pole. It is sufficient to fasten the far end of the antenna to the highest natural support available. The chimney of your neighbor’s house, the water tankp on the top of the apartment house, or similar natural high points usually are suitable. As far as insulation is con- cerned, all you need remember is that no part of the antenna or the wire that leads down from it to the receiver should touch anything but insulating material until it reaches the binding post. In- (Continued on page 146)

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er, 1925 C Lat lve ms > on the special ker can | want position is be are not vire be. djusted. ntage in ome dis- r. Such prevents umming ire pro- 1 vibra- 3 of the 1 from a r by. receiver p is the loor an- course, y, there methods - an an- she aver- an is so it by the nitations ion, that a prob- ar from way. be satis- at you best an- yssible if s high as d as long n up to This does that you et a 50- asten the e highest _ chimney ater tankp house, or ually are 1 is con- is that no wire that ver should + material post. In- November, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY It Eliminates Glare This little rubber circle with its amber glass center (below) will shield. your eyes from the sun or the blinding glare of a headlight at night. It is held to the windshield by suction | Soft Yarn Mop Fitting on the end of any hose, this auto mop, made of ab- sorbent yarn, is said to be absolutely harmless to the finest enamel finish. It will not scratch, because of its soft texture and because it is saturated from the sides, flush- ing dirt and grit in its path New Auto Equipment These Ingenious Accessories Will Add to the Car-Owner’s Enjoyment dy. New Rim Tool Will Fit Toolbox By means of the setscrews in the jaws of this rim tool, a tire rim is held with a firm grip. One movement contracts the rim and holds it in position until the tire is replaced. The tool will fit easily into the auto toolbox Simple Car-Heater The manufacturers of the in- geniously simple heater shown above claim that “‘just a pipe to cut, a notch to make, and three small holes to drill’? is the only work required to install it in any motor-car. It runs parallel with the steering-rod and is fed from the engine exhaust pipe. The illustration shows how tempera- ture is regulated by an adjust- ment lever controlling a valve The ‘Flirt’: It may be an amusing stop signal, but it is al- most sure to attract the attention of the driver behind. When the car is stopping, the eye rolls in the direction the driver is intending to turn. At night it is illuminated, serving also as a tail-light Motorist’s Khaki Cover-All This garment can be put onlikeacoat. It buttons up in front and the legs are fastened by clasps. It is made of a khaki ma- terial that will fold up easily and go in the tool- box, or it can be worn when driving over dusty, sandy, or muddy roads Grease Container A novel and inexpensive grease container is made of stiff cardboard. It is shown above being used to fill a grease gun. Turning the base of the tube ejects its contents. A small screw top keeps the contents airtight Thermostatic Control No more stalled engines due to cold weather, say the makers of the thermostatic water control shown at the left, which keeps the engine at the most efficient running tem- perature all year and requires no cerburetor adjustment

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It Pays to Watch thé Other Fellow When Gus saw two cars get out of line, going in opposite directions, he jammed on the brakes —just in time. There was a crash as one of the cars tried to push back into line. Other drivers were caught napping and their cars telescoped POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY November, 1925 When Foresight Saves a Crash Gus and Joe Go Hunting and Dodge Foolhardy Drivers half owner and chief mechanic of the Model Garage, as he piloted his automobile to the rear of the line of cars that was creeping along toward the railroad crossing. ‘‘No matter how early in the morning a fellow starts out, there’s bound to be a bunch on the road ahead of him!”’ Joe Clark, Gus’s partner, the office man of the combination, settled himself a little more comfortably in the roomy front seat of Gus’s ancient and honorable machine. “Huh!” he grunted with a sly grin. “What do you expect on Election Day? Of course there’d be people on the roads. This isn’t your private holiday.” “T know all about that,” growled Gus. “But you’d think some of them would learn how to drive before they come out. Look at that dumb-bell down the line there. Wonder how he expects anybody to get past him, crowding in that way?” **He’s probably like you—in a hurry to * [tat cen !’ exclaimed Gus Wilson, go rabbit shooting,” suggested Joe teasingly. ‘‘The trouble with you hunt- ing bugs is—”’ Joe got no further, for at that instant— and apparently for no reason at all— Gus jammed on the brakes so suddenly and so forcibly that his partner was caught unawares and almost catapulted through the windshield. 2 EY!” he protested, as he tried to regain his balance. “What in blazes are you trying to dv?” Before Gus had time to reply, there came a piercing scream and a grinding crash, followed immediately by a series of minor crashes as the cars ahead of the two garagemen telescoped into each By Martin Bunn other like a lot of freight-cars when a powerful locomotive takes up the slack in a train. Gus’s car had been only a few feet behind the car in front, but by applying the brakes so suddenly, Gus had succeeded in dropping back a full 20 feet before the crash came, and now—with locked wheels —his car skidded to a halt without quite bumping the car ahead. “Gosh!”’ panted Joe. “That was a close call. How did you know there was going to be a smash-up?” “By keeping my eyes open,’ replied Gus a bit gruffly, as they joined the crowd of pale and nerve-shaken motorists Like a Centipede You have seen them—a bunch of hands stuck out all together, and no two hands “Let the says “Gus pointing in the same. direction. driver do all the signaling,” who were standing about the damaged cars at the front of theline. Miraculously enough, nobody had been injured se- riously, in spite of the quantities of broken glass that had been flung in every direction. HE motorist who had caused the smash-up was surrounded by the owners of the cars that had piled up behind him, each one shouting angrily in an attempt to make himself heard above the hubbub. Just as the argument seemed about to turn into a free-for-all fight, a motoreycle policeman appeared. “Speaking of dumb drivers,” said Gus, after the officer had _ restored quiet and the cars were moving again; “you remember that bird who pulled up along the line while we were waiting? Well, the road at the crossing is wide enough for three cars abreast, so the single file of cars coming the other way could get past. But when a fellow coming the other way tried to get out of line, that made four cars—and right then I slammed on the brakes. Our dumb- bell friend tried. to get back into line when he saw the other car coming. But there wasn’t any space to push into because the rear car could not drop back quick enough. They crashed, and the drivers ahead were caught napping.” “a HICH only goes to show,” said Joe, “that the right time to pass a car is something lots of drivers don’t know.” “Humph!” Gus_ grunted. more to it than that. The drivers of the (Continued on page 159) “— ‘“There’s -’°.2. 989 8& & mw ™ fs,

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sh lamaged culously red se- f broken n every ised the by the piled up ngrily in rd above about to otoreycle s,” said restored ig again; pulled up waiting? r is wide , so the ther way a fellow ret out of ‘ight then ar dumb- into line ing. But yush .into jrop back and the ying.” ow,” said 2 to pass a rers don’t ““There’s vers of the November, 1925 How to Give Furniture a Beautiful Finish The Johnson Book gives complete instructions Sor finishing new and refinishing old wood— softor hard. This book ts the work of experts —beautifully illustrated in color. Ask for a free copy at your best paint or hardware store. SE SERVICE EMI lib ARTISTIC Stores displaying the above sign carry a full line of Johnson’s Artistic Interior Finishes. They will give you a free copy of the John- son 25c Book on Home Beautifying and are competent to answer questions and give advice on the proper finishing of wood. These stores will gladly show you panels of wood finished in many beautiful effects. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY For a blue print of this attractive combination Book Rack and End Table send us 25c in coin or stamps. FTER spending precious hours making furniture by hand you naturally want to give it a beautiful finish. And surely the fin- ishing should receive its share of attention, for a beautiful piece of furniture may be ruined if improperly finished, whereas any small defects are minimized in a well-finished piece. So the finishing of your furniture becomes a matter of prime importance. First apply a coat of Johnson’s Wood Dye. With this you can color the wood any one of 17 beautiful shades. John- son’s Wood Dye is very easy to apply —it dries in four hours and will not rub off or smudge. Penetrates deeply, bringing out the beauty of the grain without raising it. Open grained woods (oak, chestnut, ash, mahogany, walnut, etc.,) should then be given a coat of Johnson’s Paste Wood Filler followed by a light coat of Johnson’s Under-Lac or pure white shellac. The furniture is then ready to be finished —either with two coats of Johnson’s Prepared Wax or Johnson’s Varnish. For close grained woods (pine, cypress, maple, birch, etc.), omit the Filler coat. Follow these instructions for fin- ishing furniture and you will be assured of perfect results—the thrill of pleas- ure when the work is new and yearly satisfaction at its wearing qualities. S.C. JOHNSON & SON,‘ The Wood Finishing Authorities’? RACINE, WIS. JOHNSON’S WOOD DYE IS] This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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66 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY November, 1925 Some New Ideas for the Motorist Half a Dozen Ways to Save Money on Your Automobtle left foot is used only to work the clutch occasionally and this idle foot can be used very well to operate the windshield wiper by the arrangement shown in Fig. 1. Two ordinary hand- operated windshield wipers are clamped on the windshield with a coilspring at the right attached to the arm of the right- hand wiper. ‘Then a simple pedal is placed on the floorboard next to the clutch pedal. This pedal can be made of a small piece of wood hinged to the floorboard. At the left end of the windshield a small pulley is fastened and'a cord run from the pedal through the pulley and to the left and then the right wiper arms. Pressing down on the pedal pulls both wipers to the left and the spring pulls them back across the glass when the foot is lifted from the pedal. [ STEADY driving, the motorist’s Gomes auto-drivers are under the impression that a car can be driven home when the front spring breaks, simply by block- ing up the axle with a piece of wood. This is true if the long leaf that holds the spring-shackle bushing remains intact; but if every leaf is broken, the flexi- bility of the shackle at the rear of the spring will allow the axle to move back under the car so far that steering will be difficult if not actually dangerous. As Fig. 2 shows, a clamp and an extra spring leaf used in con- junction with the wooden block will bring you home safely. TORN celluloid window plus a few rents in the material itself will make the back en ener rere ae -—s1 = _| Fig.-4. The two windshield wipers can be operated by the driver’s left foot by install- ing a simple hinged pedal and pulley next the clutch pedal of your car Fig. 2. gency repair broken front QR VENT Protes @ cecuow curtain of a car very unsightly. Of course, a simple remedy is to buy a new curtain, but some owners will prefer to do the work themselves. Figure 3 shows how this was accomplished by an auto-owner who takes great pride in doing a neat job. After the new curtain material was tacked in place, he held the wooden frame in the position to be occupied by the rear light and cut the curtain material as shown in the upper part of the illustration. The lower part shows the details of the frame that held the glass in place. If a celluloid window is to be used instead of glass, a good stunt is to cut the window the shape desired, sew a strip of material around the ‘opening, and sew in the celluloid with a bobbin and black tape. The holes in the celluloid should be punched with a paper punch. Then if the celluloid cracks or tears, a new window can be made in a few minutes. HE most common cause of trouble with the gasoline supply system is clogged pipes, due to dirt or scale from the tank. Such trouble usually is found Fig. 5. This simple device for feeding water vapor into the cylinders to cut down carbon deposit works automatically SPEEDOMETER CABLE Fig. 6. An old grease-gun fitting screwed to speedometer cable shaft helps lubrication WOOD BACKING EXTRA LEAF An _enmier- — VACUUM TANK, easily enough, but a plugged vent hole jn the gasoline-tank cap sometimes produces mystifying results, because the flow of gasoline is interrupted only partly. Air must be allowed to enter the main gasoline tank to take the place of the supply drawn into the vacuum tank by the suction ‘of the manifold. The simplest way to protect the vent hole in the gasoline-tank cap is to solder a smal] piece of bent copper pipe over the opening, as shown in Fig. 4. "THE injection of air heavily laden with water vapo> into the manifold of a gasoline engine helps to keep down carbon deposits and, according to some motorists, actually gives the motor more power, In Fig. 5 is shown a simple way to makea device for feeding water vapor into the cylinder at regular intervals, requiring no attention on the part of the driver. The glass container is an old mason jar, held in place on a _ piece of heavy sheet metal bolted to the cylinder head. A defunct: ammeter supplied the metal top, which is drilled. for the two elbows and the filler cap. The pipe that goes from the vacuum tank to the manifold is cut, and the end of it, which is attached to the vacuum tank, is con- nected with the elbow that has a pipe extending into the solution. The other elbow is connected with the section of the pipe that goes to the carburetor or mani- fold. At the bottom of the pipe in the jar is placed a small cork float on the end of a pin. for a spring Fig. 4. Small bent ‘ Rae Fig. 3. How one man set up and pipe on gasoline tank Each time that air is drawn made a new back curtain for his car cap keeps out dirt from the vacuum tank into the manifold to replenish the supply er eb of gasoline in the vacuum tank FILLING CAP. ah cas ’ the air is made to bubble up through the water in the jar and becomes heavily laden with moisture. The check valve is used to prevent sudden pressure in the engine manifold from forcing water back into the vac- uum tank. FIGURE 6 illustrates a simple way to force grease down around the flexible shaft inside the speedometer cable. An old grease-gun fitting was found in AIR TO CARBURETOR iS the scrap pile that could be screwed into the coupling on the end of the shaft. A hole was drilled and tapped in the end of this fitting to take a pressure grease nipple. It is a good idea to force light grease or heavy transmission oil into the speed- ometer cable at least once every 5000 miles and, while you are about it, check up on the meshing of the fiber gear that meshes with the larger metal gear attached to the front wheel. See that the fiber gear is in position, or it will will wear out in short order.

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ber, 1925 € ; hole in TOduces flow of y. Air gasoline supply by the simplest in the a small opening, den with old of a n carbon 10torists, > power, o makea into the ntervals, on the is an old ace on a tal bolted \ defunct: 1etal top, the two ap. The > vacuum cut, and attached is con- hat has a - solution. -onnected pipe that or mani- f the pipe mall cork in. is drawn k into the he supply 1um tank, ubble up he jar and den with : valve is n pressure ‘old from o the vac- s a simple ase down .aft inside . An old ; found in could be ling on the hole was the end of a pressure ght grease the speed- very 5000 t it, check - gear that ir attached t the fiber will wear November, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Home Worksho Arthur Wakeling, Editor 69 Mr. Take measurements of the width and length of the win- dow frame and transfer them carefully to the storm sash | Tustison If the sash is wider by °%% in. or more, saw an equal amount from each side and plane edges to fit the frame By F. E. Tustison and Otto P. Schellinger is Director of Science and Home Mechanics at the Stout Institute, Menomonie, Wis. Test each edge by holding the sash in the frame. Mark any high spots and plane them off. Bevel and allow 1/16 in. clearance Planing the bot- tom bevel (below) When the sides fit properly, stand the sash in the frame and mark the bottom by sliding a block along the sill. Then mark the bevel with the same block ROPERLY installed storm sash are a splendid insulation against wintry blasts. They make it possible to keep a house at Mark the top for length after the side and bottom have been fitted, and saw off the waste, afterward smcothing down the edge by planing, if it is found necessary of the sizes and order the sash from a lumber dealer or mill. Before attempting to fit a’sash in a frame, it is well to check the a comfortable temperature with less coal. Indeed, the saving in coal, which is now a matter of the most pressing importance to every householder, quickly pays for the double windows. Usually the extra sash need be applied only on the colder and most exposed sides of the house. The first step is to Measure each window frame in the screen rabbet, which is the recess pro- vided at the outside of the frame ex- Fastening one of the hanging eyes to the sash, and the simplest way of numbering the sash by chiseling Roman numerals on edge pressly to take storm sash and outside window screens. Incidentally, the steps to be followed in fitting storm sash are precisely the same as those required in hanging outside screens, and the same ‘ hangers serve for both. Prepare a list size of the frame and sash. If a number of the windows are the same size, two sticks can he. cut, one giving the exact length and beveled at the bottom to suit the slant of the (Continued on page 112) _— month’s Home Workshop will be found on pages 69, 70, and 74 to 124; The Better Shop Methods Depart- ment on pages 72 and 125 to 136, and The Shipshape Home, on pages 138, 139. ; ' + ; | ' ’ i wa 4 tq

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70 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY November, 1925 Chair in the Simplified Spanish Style A Fine Example of a Type of Furniture Now Very Popular—Its Unique Construction Makes It Unusually style, which recently has become so popular, holds many fascinating possibilities for the amateur woodworker. Many of the pieces can be simplified to a degree not possible with furniture of other periods and types, yet they are rich, dignified, and exceedingly- deco- rative in appearance. A striking example of this style of furniture is the chair illustrated. The design is an adaptation of a genuine Spanish chair of great value. The details have been simplified to the last degree by George F. Kaercher, the designer. Practically all the usual difficulties in chair-making have been avoided. Indeed, a chair hardly can be made with simpler joints or fewer angles; in these respects the construc- tion is even easier to follow than the now practically obsolete Mission furniture. Furthermore, no skill in upholstery is needed, because the back and _ seat, following the style of the original chair, are simply pieces of Spanish leather fastened to the rails with large brass upholstery nails. A piece such as this deserves to be made of a fine cabinet wood, and the wood must be hard and strong to insure durability. Oak and walnut are especially suitable. Instead of the usual mortises and tenons, dowels are used throughout in the Pieere, wien of the so-called Spanish rm SEAT RAIL 14%1% x 20" \ joints. Great strength is added to the construction, however, by the addition of four bed-screws cr bolts, which reinforce the joints between the legs and the front and back stretchers. Each stretcher also has two dowels at each end to keep it from twisting. Slots are cut into the stretchers from the inside faces to allow the insertion of the bed-screw nuts. The 1-in. holes in the sides of the legs to take the heads of the bed-screws are plugged with wood afterward. Easy for the Amateur to Build To obtain the carved effect on the front stretcher, a piece of wood \ in, thick is laid out with the design shown in detail below. The waste wood is removed by boring holes and cutting on the lines with a fret- saw. The panel then is glued to the front stretcher. If desired, a. few of the smaller fretsawed open. ings can be pierced right through the stretcher itself. It will ke noted that there is only one rail connecting the back legs above the seat level and that is at the upper edge of the leather back. The leather, which must be of a first class quality and free from imperfections, should be _ large enough so that the edges can he turned around the legs and rails and nailed very securely. The edges of the rails that are to come in contact with the leather should be rounded. It is advisable to make a pattern of heavy paper and after it has been cut to fit perfectly, use it as a guice in laying out the leather. It should he noted that the leather is fitted around the legs by making slits; none is removed, as the flaps are mace use cf and fa »stened to the legs with upholstery nails, as shown. It is possible and in some ways desirable to omit the front seat rail entirely. The seat is a trifle more comfortable without this rail, but the strain on the leather is greater, so that heavy hide must be used. in., 2 required Bill of Materials for Spanish Chair Front legs, 134 by 13¢ by 253g Bed-screws (square or screw heads), 7/16 in. in diameter, FRONT STRETCHER r— BED SCREWS | + __— 1g” --- cite ey \ oo LEG SUH RI "LEATHER BACK Front and side views, plan of seat frame, details of bed-screw fasténing for stretchers, and method of attaching the leather Back le ‘gs, 134 by 8 by 3934 in., 1 required to cut 2 legs Front stretcher, 114 by 414 by 20 in., 1 required Back stretcher, 14 by 414 by 18 in., 1 required Back seat rail (doweled), 114 by 13¢ by 18 in., 1 required Side seat rails (doweled), 13¢ by 43¢ by 17 in., 2 required Side bottom rails (dowe led), 114 by 2!4 by 17 in., 2 required Front seat rail (if used), 13g by 134 by 20 in., 1 required Top back rail (doweled), 11g by 2 by 18 in., 1 required Arms (dowele -d in front and screwed in back), 14 by 234 by 241g in., 2 require d Blocks under arms (glued), 114 by 23¢ by 254 in., 2 required 414 in. long, 4 required Overlay or fillet for front rail (jigsawed), 13 by 414 by 20 in., 1 required Oval- “head brass upholstery nails, 1 in. in diameter, 1 in. long, 60 required Leather for seat, Spanish hide, 27 by 34 in., 1 required Leather for back, Spanish hide, by 3214 in., 4 required Dowels, maple, /16 in. in diameter, 234 is, long, 40 required Tacks, 8-oz., 1 package Plugs for bed-screw holes, 1 in. in diameter, 14 in. thick, 4 required Hard wood to be used, pref- erably oak or walnut Stain, filler, shellac and wax FILLET OF FRONT RAIL 4° 414°x 20° ——~a. FRONT RAIL OR STRETCHER 116x414 x20) CENTER ine} O r i SS) i i View showing one-half the thin, fretsawed piece that is applied to the front stretcher. The light guide lines represent 1-in, squares

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er, 1925 ‘le ; On the d lin design € waste 1g holes h a fret- rlued to sired, a. d open- through will ke one rail Ove the ie upper be of a ee from > large can be ails and edges of act with ttern of een cut ‘uice in culd he und the oved, as tened to ; shown. lesirable y. The without eather is be used, screw meter, nt rail by 20 y nails, . long, h hide, h hide, ‘ired in, in ng, 40 s, 1 in. thick, , pref- ax - 4" . x44 x20 + perry rr =~ lied to juares November, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 1 Home-Study Business Training Cc. O. MINIGER, Pres. Electric Auto-Lite Company IXTEEN members of the Electric Auto-Lite Com- pany are enrolled for home-study training with La- Salle Extension University. LaSalle-trained men and women—in positions of re- a sponsibility—are to be found { Le: ss ma | The Electric Auto-Lite Company, Toledo in every large business organ- f = ( q ‘f x sian si ization in America, f.._ 2" “7S *° 3 foun, Pak 7“ “Tt Increased My Income Sevrruve wo Cr Corn ih | Ady ee gees Approximately 700 Per Cent” jj (= ants ye \ Lilt) ii a (\ (kl | Te mute 4 meg a —So writes F. H. Landwehr, Secretary of == _t the Electric Auto-Lite Company, Toledo EF. H. LANDWEHR, Sec’y Electric Auto-Lite Copeeer 5 pe ( s Sg Dd at itl ins | picid = fi ‘e ae a0, i i \ ih F. H. Landwehr could still be. a clerk ina name of your destination in big clear letters small-pay position—and probably would be, if anda hand pointing out the road which would he had not made a certain decision... take you there? He did not come to this decision all at once. Thousands and thousands of men have arrived . He will tell you that he practically lost five or at just such a cross-roads in their business ex- six good years. perience—have suddenly caught the vision of a successful career in the training offered by LaSalle and have followed that brighter path to the goal of their desires. But when he did realize that his future was absolutely in his own hands—that the right kind “We want men who can of home-study business training would quickly think beyond their jobs” “W : ss speed his progress toward ag ta seg ex- For example—during only six months’ time e want men in our organization iti i —— IAQ “ ‘ der eoaree csc Cotte, ea he tv Secretary of the greet Eleaniz dekte’salary-increasen, ‘as a result of tbl yond their jobs. Highly competi- Today he i reta r lectri : tive conditions in industry at_ this oday he is Secretary of the great Electric training, totalling $1,399,507, an average increase period present more opportunities to Auto-Lite Company of Toledo. His earnings the properly trained young man than have doubled —trebled—quadrupled—till today per man of 89 per cent. ever before in history. To my notion, he is making several times as much as he was LaSalle Extension University offers What would it be worth to you to increase your an excellent opportunity to the man making asaclerk, Ahead of him lies a splen- earnings 89 per cent—within a comparatively who wants to get ahead.” did future. few months? Signed) C. O. MINIGER, Pres. : . Electric Auto-Lite Company. And ~ ws - “ages tow oe et LaSalle offers you a salary-doubling plan which “My training has proved wan 7 Tas eg Sy Ween Se Coy ah has added millions of dollars to the earning a wonderful investment” a a Rae EIS power of its members. LaSalle will send you “At the time I enrolled with LaSalle ° a booklet describing this plan without obligation. for training in Higher Accountancy, Send for Salary-Doubling Plan Whetheryou adoptthe planor not, the basic infor- elt tha could not afford it; bu ae $ x 5 . - : the results obtained have proved it Have you ever traveled a road when the night ™ation this booklet will place in your handsis of @ wonderful investment. Tcan truth = was inky black, arrived at a cross-roads, and very real and definite value. And—it's FREE. ully say that your training has made ; : it possible for me to increase my jin- wondered which way to turn? Balance the two minutes that it takes to fill Cee HAND WHILE Secty In that predicament, have you ever flashed _ out the coupon against the rewards of a success- Electric Auto: Lite Company. your spot-light on a sign and suddenly seen the ful career—then clip and mail the coupon NOW, LASALLE EXTENSION ae The World’s Largest Business Training Institution ee Se — - LLIP AND MLO LASALLE EXTENSION UNIVERSITY Dept. 1183-R Chicago I shall be glad to have details of your salary-doubling plan, merive r with complete information regarding the opportunities in the business field I have checked below. Also a copy of **Ten Years’ Promotion in One,” all without obligation. Business Management: Training for * ‘ Industrial Management: Training Modern Busi- Cisaeine Bore Sales and Departmental [_]taw: Training for Bar; LL.B. Degree for positions in Works Management, ness Corre- Executive positions. boing: fo ons Rootes, — Production Control, Industrial Engi- pg mer . 7 = m 7 ence and Consultation Service for Busi- neering, etc. an ractice: Training for position Ce re te pt, nen ie. fon Bf Sales or Collection Correspondent, ModernForemanship and Production Sales P t Coach or Trainer, Sales Promotion Manager, Traffic Management — Foreign and (_]MogeraForemens for positions in Shop lease, baa eke a Manufacturer’ s Agent, Solicitor, and — Domestic: Training for position as Rail- Management, such as that of Superin- enced a *Sraietie sms. tions in retail, wholesale, or specialty selling road or Industrial Traffic Manager, Rate tendent, General Foreman, Foreman, ote Gursemaionas bie ad Welnee. Cons ae: trepies fr nee: Expert, Freight Solicitor, etc. Sub-Foreman, etc. Commercial Spanish: Training for Jon as Auditor omptroliier, Certifie Railway Station Management: Train- t ith Public Accountant, Cost Accountant, ete. ‘iat for Caen Of ttetien Accountant, Personnel and Employment Man- position as Foreign Correspondent w agement: Training in the position of Spanish -speaking countries. Bie py Bookkeeping: Training for posi- Cashier and Agent, Division Agent, etc. enon Mannan, Industrial Rela- By g - Speaking: Training in the tion as Head Bookkeeper. Banking and Finance: Training for tions Manager, Employment Manager, art of forceful, effective speech, for i. ae? A. Coaching for Advanced Account- executive positions in Banks and and positions relating to Employee Ministers, Salesmen, Fraternal Leaders, ants. Financial Institutions. Service. Pcliticians, Clubmen, etc, r{S] This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Page 68

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

November, 1925

How evened Mechanics Bie Time and Labor -= ‘ee ciel | Racks and Yables for the Shop How to Keep Lathe, Drill Press, and Planer Tools and Accessories in Shipshape Order

By Henry S. Laraby - ASN’T the big boss peeved this morning, when he found that the die for that new customer couldn’t be delivered?” Jim Bailey re- marked with his tantalizing grin, looking at Joe Black, who sat on an empty car- bide can behind the shop, making away with his lunch. Black scowled at his tormentor. The other machinists looked on in amusement; they relished the idea of an argument for the 15 minutes that remained of the lunch hour. “Of course he was mad!’ Black re- torted. ‘“‘But it was not all my fault. What can he expect when I have to hunt half an hour for a piece of half-inch steel, and then have to plane down a piece from three-quarter stock; and on top of that, when I went to grind it, there was no wheel of the proper grade. With all those things“ against me, I think I did very well.”

Bench for drill press

“A very good ex- cuse, but as they told me when I was in the army, it is results, and not excuses that are wanted.” A third man entered the discussion: He was of the type who seem always to merit the title ‘‘Mister.” foreman included, as being a mas- ter workman. “The shop and its owner have a lot on their shoulders,” Mr. Jackson said; ‘‘but, after all, the company is known by the men it keeps, and it is up to all of us here to help matters along.” “No, it would not put the steel there, but it would have the bolts and clamps in the places where they are used, and not hidden away in Bailey’s drawer.” Bailey winced at the thrust. “‘Now over by the planer is a heavy bench. It has several shelves, some of them with holes and slots in them for bolts, but there are no bolts there. The clamps are gone too. Is the shop to blame for all of that?” “T guess not,” Black replied. “T remember when I first came here that every one seemed to keep things where they belonged.” “And another thing,’ Mr. Jackson continued, “I am sure that you lost an hour and a half in boring the holes in that die because you could not find a drill chuck that would fit the tailstock spindle of the lathe you were using. You finally had to take out your job and true up the center, which some one had broken off and left.’ “That reminds me,” Bailey said, ‘‘of the way they used to keep the tools

\ \ a SPRING COLLETS BOLT SHELF) Z SHELVES FOR TOOLS, ——apf “That would not put a piece of cee half-inch steel in the rack,’”’ Black EN stated with emphasis. ——- ‘ \ \\\\\ aR e" \ — MACHINE=Z

PARALLELS, AND BOLTS we <= OP s és ‘\ ZZ Z pee y a= NUMBER ——2@ | PLANK-SHELF FOR ee LA, , IOS 5 aie Fe se See ee pe es A heavily built and conveniently arranged table for planer tools, straps, parallels, bolts, and nuts together in a shop where I once worked. At the back of every lathe there was a board, with places for everything that belonged to that lathe. If you used that lathe and did not put everything back on the board, one of the toolmakers would be sure to ask you why you had not, before the foreman had a chance to find out about it.” The shop’s foreman stood in the door- way smoking his pipe. He appeared to be an interested listener. “I suppose you boys are raking me over the coals, too,” he said. ‘I told the boss about not having the proper size steel, ficient grinding wheels, and he has al and not having suf-

Zw FEE aE STRAPS) promised to get them. That is one result of

i US Im nh

Older than the others, he was recognized by all in the shop, the Lathe tool rack of wood supported by pipe standards. faceplates and chucks, collet rods and collets, straps, bolts, and other accessories ie nines | ica aoe this occurence. But there are a lot of } things we can do our- —SeEeerevae | selves to make it eas- ier to get out the work. (Continued on page 134)

ANY time-sav- ing shop ideas are contained in the continuation of the

(o) Or Mal |

There are places for the Better Shop Methods Department, which is on pages 125 to 136.

Page 69

November, 1925 Catalog No. 23 “W” sent free on request 4 What? § the Ditincenee } Fi: Theoretically, no difference at all. Twenty feet § POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ARE Ss Fie Between 20 Feet? twenty feet. Actually it depends on how the eet when as a matter of fact the correct Tead- a Te Ree cae the fabric stretches every time you pull ut to get a reading. And you never can oO cP Q S. 5 ge te ©, x oO ct =° 3 ct. 3 Oo na ban | = 5 5 5 ge el Tape and you can rely absolutely on measurements. No shrinking. No Sag at fractions of an inch, for Star- ely and plainly graduated. The es show up well against the jet i chances of misreading your inch mark, giving the cd sf is placed alongside each reading in feet and aaa A ) glance. Closer measuremen ‘f (2 —faster work and longer ser-%@ ~~ j Use a Starre the truth o stretching. No rett Tapes are ai steel bright lines a black background. Ne ec measurement, the foo@ Ry vice go with every Starrett \% Steel Tape. Your hardware dealer willshow you the different Starrett Tapes made for Machinists, Builders, Surveyors and Me- chanicsof allsorts. Ask tosee the Patented Push Button Handle Opener—a Starrett feature that saves time, finger nails and cuss words. } THE L. S. STARRETT CO. World’s Greatest Toolmakers Manufacturers of Hacksaws Unexcelled Steel Tapes—Standard for Accuracy ATHOL, MASS, © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Page 70

74 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY November, 1925 TRIMO The Master Tool for Home and Shop MVC LYSSNI~ © The mechanic, inven- tor, householder or han- dy man who has a TRIMO Pipe Wrench in his kit, possesses a mias- ter tool of a thousand and one uses. While . the TRIMO costs a few cents more than ordinary wrenches, consider how much more TRIMO offers you: (1) an INSERT JAW in the handle which can be replaced for a few cents when worn out; (2) special NUT GUARDS that keep the wrench in perfect adjustment in close quarters or when vou lay the tool down; (3)an extra-strong STEEL FRAME that WILL NOT BREAK— your guarantee of safety. Endorsed by Popular Science Institute of Standards. You ought to have several sizes of the TRI- MO in. your kit. They’re made in STEEL handles in eight sizes from 6 to 48 ins.; in WOOD han- dles in four sizes, 6, 8, 10 and 14 ins. At all hardware, mill and plumbing-supply stores. Insist on the TRJIMO and accept no other. TRIMONT MEG. CO. ROXBURY, MASS. America’s Leading Wrench Makers for Nearly Forty Years. BPEOne WOorkenop OT much in the way of woodwork or house repairs can be done with- out the aid of glue. For that redson the Editor asked Ernest F. Spencer, an authority on glue and the head of the technical service of one of the largest flue manufacturers, to prepare an article telling the best ways to use glue in the home workshop.. He responded with the following article, which gives in brief practically all the information you need to know about glue. | | | AVE you ever had the pleasure of a little workshop in your own home? It may be down in the corner of the basement or tucked away up in the attic, or even in the kitchen. Wherever it is, many beautiful and useful things can be produced in it for your own use or for gifts for yourfriends. In building and repairing, glues play such an important part that we should know more about these sticky sub- stances and how to use them so that the articles made or mended with their aid will hold to- gether under all rea- sonable conditions of every-day use. Glue has been used for many centuries. Back in the days of the Egyptian pharaohs it was used to build beautiful veneered work. Through the centuries its uses have been multiplied. Like the earliest glues, the bulk of those made today are from scraps of the hides, the fleshings, and the bones of animals. They are sold in ground, flake, and sheet forms. Liquid glue usually is made from fish stock, which is washed and cooked in a similar way to animal stock. A very interesting characteristic of glue made from fish stock is that the gelatine or extracted glue does not jell, but remains in a fluid state at ordinary temperatures. Cheap liquid glue should be avoided, because it gathers moisture. It contains quantities of salts, such as sodium chloride cr common table salt. These salts absorb How to Make Best Use of Gli in Your Home Workshop By Ernest F. Spencer Weighing both the dry glue and the water is necessary to insure the best results Hot glue always should be applied freely to both edges of wood to be joined A dairy thermometer is used to avoid accident- ally heating animal glue beyond 150° F, moisture just as salt on the table will do and on a wet or humid day the glued materials are apt to fall apart. Good liquid glue has many advan- tages over other ad- hesives for use in the home workshop. It is purchased ready for use, so no weighing, soaking, or heating is required. On account of its slow setting quality, the workman is given ample time to get the joints properly together, whereas with hot | glue the work must be done quickly before the glue sets or jells. Slow setting also means good penetration of the glue into the wood and added strength. When strength is compared, good liquid glue is as strong as good animal glue. During the war, glues made from casein were developed rapidly. Casein glues come in dry powder form and are pre- pared simply by stirring into cold water. They make a strong, moisture-resisting joint. For glued work exposed to out- side weather conditions they have no superior. They are used universally in building airplanes. There are other so-called glues made from starches, dextrines, and _ blood albumen, which are used commercially for many purposes. To obtain the best results with glue in the home workshop, we must have certain equipment. This should include a can of the best quality liquid glue, some high grade cabinet flake glue, a jacketed glue- pot, two glue brushes, a cheap dairy thermometer, clamps, and hand screws. Glue-pots can be purchased at any hardware store at prices from $1 to $2, according to size. The outer vessel is (Continued on page 113) | © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Page 71

er, 1925 en uc eter is rident- animal 50° EB as salt will do wet or e glued apt to id glue advan- cher ad- use in rkshop. so no 2quired. lity, the get the vith hot y before ing also lue into When | glue is n casein n glues are pre- d water. resisting to out- lave no sally in es made 1 blood nercially n glue in e certain le a can yme high ted glue- up dairy | screws. at any 1 to $2, vessel is ___# November, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Satisfies Every Owner— N radio, when one selection does not please, you simply tune it out and pick up another broadcasting station. If it is a matter of unsatisfactory volume or tone in your instrument then it becomes an entirely different maiter. You have certain very definite ideas in mind as to what you want your radio to do. Will you allow us to make a few suggestions regarding a plan whereby you can settle the radio question? Select the instruments which you think might answer. Have a demon- strating instrument brought to your home. Let each salesman, in turn, make the necessary battery connec- tions. Let him tell you how to operate it but do all the tuning yourself. You'll buy the instrument then, based on your own operation. You'll size up each one for —ease of tuning —distance receiv —volume -——tone —selectivity — price. There still remains one very impor- tant question to settle—the matter of service. No matter what anyone tells 120 Austin Avenue R Chicago, Illinois you sometimes little things may go wrong. The best radio salesman often knows nothing of correcting radio troubles—satisfy yourself. Our Ozarka representative in your community will gladly put an Ozarka in your home for such a test. More than this, you will find that he is a thoroughly trained mechanic on our instrument. He has gone through a complete course of study under Ozar- ka Engineers, the men who designed and perfected the Ozarka. 3187 such men today can correct any trouble which may ever occur on any Ozarka instrument—more men are being factory trained daily. You wouldn’t buy an instrument blindly— then don’t buy service the same way. Any radio instrument is only as satisfactory as the quality of service behind it. Our Book No. 200 shows the full Ozarka line from $75.00 to $197.50, complete with all accessories. Gentlemen: Without obligation send book “Ozarka Instru- ments No. 200’ and name of Ozarka representative. LUN alah IGS acorn ah ieee A Re PNMRESY Sve ce ea chee ticovcien oo Semais os MMI Ee chico uence uses tie ca oe ee Unlike Some Music OZARKA SERVICE 75 *125% Complete with all Accessories 10% Additional West of Rockies. A Few More Men areNeeded In a great many counties we have the man we want. He is rapidly building up a permanent and profitable. business. of his own because he has an instrument that will more than meet all competition. More than this, he is trained to back up his sales with the kind of service that counts. Many well established Ozarka representa- tives started by giving us only their spare time—their evenings. If your county is open you can do the same. The investment in cash is very small. The investment in time necessary for study is considerable. It requires patience, but the results have enabled many men to get out of the salary and time clock class. Any previous sales experience is helpful but not necessary. We can and will teach you how to sell. Send for 64 Page Book— “The Ozarka Plan” The This book is entirely too expen- Ozankt sive ¢3 be sent out on postal card Plan | Tequests. It will be sent FREE to . any man who mails the coupon below and who is really anxious to improve his condition. Tell us about yourself —ask for Ozarka Plan No. 100 and don’t fail to give the name of your county. (NCorpoRATED 120 Austin Avenue R Chicago, Illinois eaeus cunt Name..... sewceeset Address... Ask the Man Who Sessemows Wears this Button County.... Gentlemen: I am greatly interested in the FREE book “The Ozarka Plan” No.100,whereby I can sell your rac.oinstruments, © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Page 72

| / ul, two- handed boots for rods, bolts, heavy wire, hard fhain ‘and’ for splitting nuts—\jn shop, ge, 6n con- struction,) in the factory — wherever |/tools are used, a PORTER! BOLT \CLIPPER will be useful and @ time and money-saver.

At the top of this column is shown a PORTER lipper with standard side- cutting jaws. The tool {illustrated at

the bottom] of this adver ise PORTER Clipper fitted jaws. models inthe PORTER line, A Ng. 3 Cutter has a = f 5/8"

ties Of other sizes vary frqm 3/16" to 3/4"lannealed bolts. Ask|youy local hardware or\toolidealer to demonstrate a PORTHR BOLT CLIPPER to you; meve Fa show you/how easily and quickly thesé¢ tools do their| work. |'PORTER, I i q PORTER BOLT | ba CLIPPERS aresold [i774 <j by leading Hard- “~“ | ware and Tool Sup- Ee | ply Stores and are ] carried in stock by all leading Ma jobbers. /

FOPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

November, 1925

| heh 4

The ees of an all Simple Dormer Window Construction—Third Article on Reclaiming Waste Space in Your Home By Edwin M. Love windows or gables in which: windows can be put, a dormer or two must be built to give light to an attic room. That illustrated in Fig. 1, which is suitable for the typical attic room de- scribed in this series, is com- paratively simple to build. While the window thus ob- tained is high up from the floor, it serves its purpose very well. Plumb up from the floor plate to get the line of inter- section between the side wall and rafters. Decide on the location and width of the dormer (in this case, an 8-ft. gable centered on the room) and drive a nail through the roof at each side of the dormer. Go out on the roof and tear off shingles from this base line to the ridge, “‘breaking back” in such a way that when the dormer is shingled, new shingles may be filled out to the valley from the old. A skilful shingler can keep a line nearly at T THERE are no attic

RAFTER HEADER DORMER PLA WALL PLATE

WINDOW OPENING 2-5x 4-7"

SIDE TRIMMER Hi} A RISE~__/ACTAIL OR FOOT 1 PROJECTION er Oe fens K RUN NOTCH I" DEEP

TOP OR CROWNING EDGE OF RAFTER

ne BOTTOM CUT

Fig. 1. A dormer window the amateur woodworker can build without difficulty. The roof is shown as if partly broken away right angles with the base, as in Fig. 2, page 119, but the amateur may find it necessary, upon reshingling, to tear off more obliquely to get water-tight joints. A jack, pictured in Fig. 3, is a great help in getting around on a roof. sists of two pieces 1 by 4 or 6 in. and about 12 in. long, with ends cut to fit the pitch of the roof. shingles connect the two to form a seat, HEAD WINDOW TRIMMER SIDE TRIMMER LOWER TRIMMER | | " RUN

It con- Thin strips of wood or (Continued on page 119) RAFTERS

| | | VALLEY HEAD WINDOW TRIMMER LOWER TRIMMER RAFTER HEADER— S / | | RAFTER __ SS BRACE—__| TUD——__,}

RAFTER "Wanna ————

Framing of the dormer «.id and Fig. 9. Rafters and Fig. 10. How the valley rafter and headers meet the main house rafters. Fig. 11. Method of laying out the rafters Fig. 4. a section through it. trimmers.

© This seal on a radio or tool aivertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS, See page 6.

Page 73

uild way Fig. 2, find it ar off joints. - great [It con- n. and fit the ood or a seat, cR ~e aan and ters and y rafter rafters. > rafters $$! “November, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY TUTTE TTT NUT Oe ce eee ee a Sana _ Music Master SUPREME! = —as in Reproduction, so in Reception ETWEEN broadcasting station and Music Master Reproducer stands Music Master Re- ceiver to bring in today’s wonderful New Era super- program with splendid fidelity of effect and natural- ness of tone. TENEMENT Music Master Radio Receivers incorporate every demonstrated principle of standard radio reception and reproduction. TOT = — “ . Music Master Receivers furnish radio reception equal in efficiency to the world-standard quality of radio reproduction achieved in Music Master Re- producer. Perfectly balanced radio reception and re- production are thus available to discriminating radio lovers. Ask any authorized dealer to demonstrate for you what clarity in reception may really be—what dis- tance range is really available—what selectivity really means. See Music Master — hear — come pare—before you buy amy radio set. TYPE 60 Five Tubes. Twostages of radio frequency, de- tector and two stages audio frequency. Se- lective, good volume and distance. Brown ma- hogany art finish 860 cabinet. Price. . (Canadian Prices Slightly Higher) Ten Models — $50 to $460 — Unconditionally Guaranteed TYPE 100 Five Tubes. New Music Master circuit, involving special adaptation to radio frequency. Very se- lective, good volume and distance. Solid mahogany cabinet in brown mahogany art Pace ss LOO {Music ‘Raster Corporation Makers and Distributors of High-Grade Radio Apparatus Music Master Resonant Wood Insures Natural Tone Quality CHICAGO NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA PITTSBURGH MONTREAL Canadian Factory: Kitchener, Ontario TITTTITITIITTTL LL TT TTT TTTITTTT id i i RADIO PRODUCTS PX LTT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT on LEELELT aid serra rer LEE ti eRe eeeeneen bijiii TT = 4 if Li piiLibiiiiis piiliiii tis AVUTOAVAUETIOVOQIOUNOWOVOOUNOOUTSORNVOUURNNSUINUUOUOHORUHUSUCUUINTNVGHOUSUGEVOTOVORNUOURIOCI/E! i | IS] This seal on a radio or tool advercisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Page 74

78 many men who work with tools feel like _ that about the Cheney Hammer. Some prefer it for its “Never Slip’”’ handle, others like it for the Nail Holder in the head, others for the famous ‘‘Cheney Wedge”’ that keeps the head always tight. The -curve of the claws, the swell of the face and the ‘“‘hang’”’ of the hammer—these things have built the Cheney reputation. And behind every- thing stands almost 90 years of experi- ence in hammer mak- ing and an absolutely unlimited guarantee that if it ever proves defective it will be replaced without iS} charge. PRO INES'S 106-110 LAFAYETTE ST. NEW YORK CiTy 8465 It’s surprising how | POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY November, 195° | | | | | TEhome Workshop Steps in Cutting a Dado A Useful Joint for Door and Window Frames, Shelving, and Furniture By Emanuel E. Ericson Noted Manual-Training Authority 1 After the boards are planed to dimensions, square a_ knife line across one of them at a distance from the end equal to the thickness of the stock plus the desired ex- tension. This line marks the inner cut for the dado 3 Unless you are an expert with the saw, it is advisable first to make a V-groove for starting the saw. That insures a clean and very accurate cut 2 (Below) Place the second board on the first one, mark the width of the stock end square a second line across, Then carefully mark the depth of the dado with a gage 4 Use a backsaw or any fine hand- saw. Start the cut on the farther side and gradually lower the saw to a horizontal position. Cut exactly to the depth of the gage lines on both edges M 5 i se a Ca i i ies a 5 Remove the waste wood with as wide a chisel as possible, working first with the bevel down and then with the bevel up. Test it with a square 6 If the dado is made accurately, the parts should fit without play when pressed firmly together. The joint may be fastened with glue or nails, or both Making a cross-lap joint will be the next wood working operation to be illustrated pictorially in this series by Mr. Ericson—in the December issue © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Page 75

November, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ALWAYS even PRREADY HOUR RELIABLE Eastern Standard Time For real radio enjoyment, tune in the “Eveready Group.” Broadcast through EVEREADY Radio Batteries are WEAF NewYork WSAI Cincinnatt always uniform and reliable! og woe. a. Evereadys perform the same, everywhere, for everybody, need- ing no skill, calling for no ex- perimentation, wasting no time, saving you money. ‘Trouble- proof, wonderful Evereadys. There is an Eveready dealer nearby. Manufactured and guaranteed by NATIONAL CARBON COMPANY, Inc. New York San Francisco Canadian National Carbon Co., Limited, Toronto, Ontario EVEREADY Radio Batteries - they last longer R © RADIO, IGNITION GENERAL PURPOSES INSPECTED” TESTED ' , No. 766 Eveready : 22%4-volt Columbia ; Leree Ignitor | Horizontal Battery, the proven dry cell for all radio dry cell tubes 1% volts No. 770 45-volt Extra- Large Verticcl Price $4.75 rIS} This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Page 76

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

You’ll be a better ‘“‘handy-man’”’ if you havea “YANKEE” VISE *T’d do that if I had a vise,” you say many a time. But don’t get just any vise. Get a “Yankee,” and secure features not found in any other. It has a swivel base so you can turn the vise around to any position, And the vise even detaches from the base. A turn of a set screw—and off it comes holding the work. Take it to wherever you want to work. As sides, ends, bottom and top are machined true, you can lay it down any way, and be sure of accurate work. You can get a “‘Yankee”’ Vise with swivel base in the size most convenient for your work. No. 1991—Jaws open, Wy” No. 1992—Jaws open, 2” No. 1993—Jaws open, 234” No. 1994—Jaws open, 4 e ” This remove- able hardened steel block, with V-sha.ped grooves’ holds round or irregu- lar shapes with- cut marring.

Dealers everywhere sell ‘‘Yankee’’ Tools “‘Yankee’’ on the tool you buy means the ut- most in quality, efficiency and durability Write for FREE ‘‘Yankee”’ Booklet Nort Bros. Mrc. Co., Philadelphia, U. 5. A. "YANKEE" TOOLS Make Betlov Mechanicw

DDING a trunk at Aw: rear of the chas- sis of our Ford sedan gives it some resemblance to the sport model of a more xpensive car: It also provides a con- venient place in which to carry blankets and tools—a storage place that is readily accessible without disturbing those who are riding on the rear seat of Trunk Carrier for a Ford By H. D. Smith Another iron bar of the same size jg shaped into a broad U, bent at right angles at lin. from eachend. The center part is long enough to extend fron one auxiliary support, described in the next paragraph, to the other, or a distance of 21144in. This iron is drilled so that it can be bolted to the L-shaped

the car. To attach a trunk of this type securely to a Ford car is no easy task. The origi- nal tire carrier gives a more secure contact with the frame cf the car than anything that could be made easily. By cutting four rivets within the “tire circle’ of the carrier, the circle may be removed. The supports then are sawed off 10 in. from the frame in such a way that they can be bent toward each other to obtain two vertical surfaces. To

pieces under the trunk and to the auxiliary supports at each end. Two reinforcing irons or auxiliary supports are ham- mered by a blacksmith from a 12 by 1)4 in. bar of steel, 42 in. long. To make them fit on the frame under the car and also run past the old tire-carrier supports to the new cross piece, they have to be bent down about 2 in. and then back to a straight line on theirtop edge. They are bolted to the U-shaped

these tire-carrier supports the front of the trunk sup- ports are to be fastened. Next, two bar irons 14 by 114 by 21 in. are bent at a right angle at one end. The bend is 1 in. from the end and a %-in. hole is drilled between this bend and the short end of the bar to allow each piece to be bolted to a tire support. One inch from the other end and at two other places planned to come under the trunk, other holes are drilled. These irons then are bolted by their short ends to the lower hole in each of the original tire carriers. “BOLT CLIPS\. ——_ BOLTED : Sr SV TO TRUNK) NN a

IX\ £7 \ NEW TIRE “\WA\ SUPPORTS WMA 4x14 x 20" ORIGINAL: CARRIER IRONS Only six pieces of bar iron and steel and four clamps are needed to construct this durable trunk carrier for a Ford car Trunk attached to a Ford sedan <“ TRUNK SUPPORT, Ze x\%2 %3-6 piece and to the original tire carriers as shown, and then strapped to the frame, of the car, each with two U-shaped clamps. In order to fasten the tire carrier to the back of the trunk, another brace, shaped like a triangle, is made and fastened with two bolts to the trunk. The tire circle then is bolted to this bracket at the top and to the two irons extending from un- der the bottom. An extra length of wire was found necessary to connect the tail- light in the new position. The trunk is covered with auto-top ma- terial and the corners are trimmed with sheet zine 2 in. wide, bent in the form of an angle iron. The carrier on our Ford has been in use since a year agolast August. As weused the car about town all winter long, we feel that it has proved itself a perma- nent fixture.

WIRE SUPPORTS +. yy INLAID linoleum makes an excellent top for the kitchen work table. Cut a piece the size of the table top and fasten with glue. A coat of varnish improves the wearing qualities.

Toy Used as Pattern for ‘BY USING a baby’s toy for a pattern, an ornamental lead or brass paper- weight can be cast quite easily in any shop where there are the necessary facilities. Before assembling the flask, the impres- sion in the cope is filled in partly so as to cut off the two lower legs and give a flat bottom surface. The two upper legs are especially handy for holding a maga- zine or book open at a certain page, as

illustrated.—HAROLD E. BENSON. Paper- Weight

A novel paper-weight, especially useful for hold-

ing open magazines and shop reference books

© This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

ieok |

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er, 1925 1 bar Ize ig ; Tight center MN one e next ince of it can shaped 1k and orts at ons or > ham- h from f steel, e them ler the the old to the y have it 2 in, traight They shaped nal tire id then me, of ‘lamps. - to the shaped 2d with > circle che top om un- of wire he tail- (Op ma- ers are t zine 2 e form ir Ford 2 a year we used wn. all | that it perma- makes for the . Cut he table sh glue. nproves ies. ight for hold- -e books November, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 81 ee” Seer NO-DIAL 5 Tube Receiver = beauti ipul- 5(98- = less accessories 10% ADDITIONAL WEST OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS NO-DIAL is a new com- bination of tuned radio frequency and resistance coupling. Simplicity of operation is amazing. NO-DIAL brings in near and distant stations by the mere rotation of its cover! © Permanent Visable Station Record The cylindrical NO-DIAL case is of spun aluminum, absolutely shielding it from body capacity. Finished in brown mahogany crys- talline, matching the high- er priced loud speakers. Tube for tube the NO- DIAL recognizes no supe- rior and on test it has out- performed many higher priced sets. If your dealer can’t supply you write us direct and send his name and address. GUARANTEED The NO-DIAL is guaranteed against defects in workman- ship and material. NO-DIAL is licensed under Blackmore patents and patents pending. Hogan Patent 1,014,002. The Ohio Stamping and Engineering Company Dayton, Ohio; U. S. A. ~ and Now a Receiver Without Dials! Simple, New/ Sweetly, clear, an overture—the prelude to aconcert in a distant city floats into the room A touch of the finger brings it to you. No need to know about radio—no need to understand its myriad technical terms. Listen! and fills it. Modern Magic! An inventor’s dream come true for you. A won- derful instrument is the NO-DIAL, so simplified, so devoid of the possibilities of trouble that one could literally operate it with ease if blind. Here there are no dials to twist—none of the trying nervous tension that the adjustment of dials produces—just pure enjoyment. Be you ever so much of a novice, what you must do for yourself with other radio sets—the NO-DIAL does for you. ae The set for every member of the family. gees 7 Mail Scrap the log book—forget past radio disappointments. NO- Ps pei DIAL is the griefless, worryless receiver you have been ae THE ee go? OHIO STAMPING waiting for. s & ENGINEERING CO. Dayton, Ohio Place your order now with your dealer if oa oumeanesion: you expect to get delivery. The demand a I am a (Distributor) ....... is exceeding all expectations. Accept Fe (Dealer)... (Agent).... (User)..... no complicated substitute. detaiis of NO-DIAL Receivers, ee ee eee eee eee ee re Use the coupon if your a dealer cannot show 17 city you NO-DIAL. COR CHMOD ee ee eee eee ee ee eee ee ee | 2 ee I I RR © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. Without obligation on my part send me full ys or! rnin tia nsec nat ipa a —— —_ a feat et oo a arene nae 1a v oer scene sient

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ics a sess was oy SE A ONE RE SATIS RET 0 RE 9 PL ee ne ee an, ROAR See Se ee POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

have to Bore Holes? ERE is a remarkable tool. Note the words in the circle—“likes hard wood as well as soft”. That difference explains why this Millers Falls Automatic Drill No. 81 is so popular for all-round work among men who use tools and like them. Think how useful an auto- matic drill is. Every time you drive a screw—No. 81 is your friend, to make a clean smooth hole. To drive a nail in hard wood, or to avoid splitting other woods —let No. 81 make a hole first. As a help around the place, it ranks next to a screw driver. You need an automatic drill—and No. 81 isit. A MillersFallstool—and first class. At your dealer’s. MILLERS FALLS COMPANY Millers Falls, Mass. 28 Warren St. 9 So. Clinton S¢, New York Chicago

MILLERS FALLS 7os00LS Specifications Eight drill points, in handle magazine, sizes plainlymarked Improved ball chuck Improved shell; can- not be completely unscrewed and lost Spiral nut of Tobin bronze Handle handsomely knurled Highly polished and nickeled overall Length 10)2”.Weight, each, 9 oz.

oS lengths of molding and a board 6) in. wide are what are needed to construct the or- namental, self-sup- porting windowshelf illustrated. It can be as long as desired, but it should be cut out at the back to fit neatly between the window ,.< stops. The shelf is & held in place by the i} simple expedient of inserting a wedge between it and a common, hooklike metal lift on the © lower rail of the window. If there is no lift on the window, a handle of this kind can be purchased at any hardware Self-Supporting Window Shelf

WINDOW HOOK MOLDING

This neat window shelf for holding pot- ted flowers requires no brackets or other unsightly supports store and screwed on. Should the window slide very easily, it is neces- sary to keep it locked while the shelf is in place. Almost any molding that is on hand can be utilized for decorating the edges of the shelf.—JoHN J. BRINKOS.

MOVING a lever causes this unique letter-rack to close and hold se- curely any envelopes and papers placed between the four pairs of paper-holders.

Moving a lever causes the four paper- holders to open or close simultaneously The device can be made in any size desired. The base, the edges of which may be molded or beveled, is mortised with four openings, as shown. The eight webs then are made and two small nails are driven into the edges of each to serve as the pivot pins. The web guides then are arranged as illustrated, and each is fastened to every Unique Letter-Rack Grips Papers Tightly By J. A. Perez

other web so that moving the lever one way will bring the top edges of each pair of webs together; moving it the other way, of course, opens the webs. In this instance, all the parts were made of birch, but any hard wood may be used. The lever and web guides could be made of brass.—J. A. PEREZ.

CORNER LEG BLOC Two views of the base and details showing how the webs are shaped and fastened

HEN the point of our milk-bottle cap-opener broke recently, my wife resorted to the familiar “thumb” method, with the not uncommon result —a shower of milk. I went into the workshop for five minutes and returned with an opener that is much stronger and sharper than the usual commercial type. It is of a type any one can make at no expense. A worn-out hacksaw blade is snapped off in the vise to give a piece about 4 in.

Milk-Bottle Cap-Opener Made from Hacksaw BROKEN HACKSAW BLADE) GROUND TO POINT “ya How the hacksaw blade is pointed long. The teeth are filed or ground down and the end is filed toa point. The blade then is heated at the point marked “‘bend”’ in the flame of an alcohol lamp or gas stove and bent by means of pliers and vise. After that it is heated red and quickly dipped in water to reharden the point. The extreme point is sharpened on a grindstone or oilstone. The heating and bending process may be left out, but the opener works better if bent.—EriIc B. ROBERTS.

and bent’

CHOCPRTT CTCL E eT ETD LELLLULI CETL ELEL EPP EUV REL ULPeP eee

tS] This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Page 79

der, 1925

Ow ot- res her rts ld the neces- e shelf . hand edges y yer one ch pair » other In this f birch, \. “Tie 1ade of

owing tened or gas y means After red and water to — harpened cess may ks better

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

Model A—Price $175. Sockets Fit All New Type Tubes

Uy

NV MU-RAD |"

= GJranscontinental Receiver Welcomed By The Public UBLIC response to the sensational new MU-RAD Receiver with the Single Dial Control has been instantaneous. Radio enthusiasts throughout the Country were waiting for this advanced Radio receiver that gives country-wide reception with wonderful selec- tivity and volume. One Master Dial Does ALL The Tuning on this Remarkable Receiver The new MU-RAD Transcon- tinental Receivers are tuned by one control only. No other tuning adjustments of any kind are necessary. The tuning is ex- tremely sharp at all wave lengths and the receiver may be used on any antenna in any location. Here, at last, is a truly GREAT Radio Receiver! You must see, hear and tune it yourself to appreciate it.

Model B—Price $125 Sockets Fit All New Type Tubes Ask To See The MU-RAD One Dial Receiver At Your Dealers And Tune It Yourself. Write Dept., D-3 for handsomely illustrated booklet MU-RAD RADIO CORPORATION General Sales Offices 972 Broad Street Newark, New Jersey Factory : Asbury Park, IS} New Jersey

in

© This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. bho ik

Page 80

naa ee ee ee ~ Ee eee THINK there must be a whiff of tobacco in my blood. Fact is, I’m sure of it. My great-grandfather, a Vermont Irishman, went South in a wagon after the Revolution and he raised the first tobacco that was raised for export in what is now called The Black Patch of West Kentucky and West Ten- nessee. Wise old Yank, he cured and treated the heavy dark weed after crude processes of his own devising, loaded it on ~ keelboats, floated it down the Cumberland to the Ohio, down the Ohio to the Missis- sippi and down the Mississippi to the Gulf, where he trans-shipped to sailing vessels and sent his cargoes out to the Gold Coast of Africa to be bartered off for ivory and gold dust. I understand that, dealing with black tribesmen, he rarely got the worst of adeal. Forif he wasan Irishman, he also was a New Englander. He laid the sills for a substantial fortune. His son, my grandfather, was a planter, a factor, a re-handler of tobacco; and on the side a merchant and a banker and a steam-boatman. His small fleet of stern- wheelers, manned by crews of his slaves and mostly captained by his own kinsmen, carried tobacco of his growing and his neighbors’ growing to the city markets of the Southwest. ‘For his day he was a rich man until the Civil War came along and smashed him up. For he had bought Confederate bonds and had financed a battery of Con- federate artillery. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY His son, my father, followed in the foot- steps of his people. He was a warehouse- man. Later he was a buyer for foreign governments and for domestic contractors too. He was accounted one of the best judges of types and grades in the district. He smoked incessantly and he chewed frequently. His son, meaning me, grew up with the smell of tobacco leaf in his young nose, with the jargon of its business in his ears. We lived on a tobacco street in a tobacco town. There was a stemmery on the cor- ner above us, a snuff factory and a cigar- maker’s shop down the road and a whole row of warehouses farther along. In the season, the fat hogsheads blocked the nar- row sidewalks. I absorbed the romance of the industry—for it is one of the most romantic of industries—along with my hot biscuits and New Orleans molasses. In four generations, I was the first of the ask Grandad { -he knows BBs g The best aaa —_— had were “Sweet Caps” © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. 1 eee No. 1 of a series of talks on Sweet Caporal Cigarettes By Irvin § rvim §. Cobb first-born males of my breed to stray from the ancestral pathway. And now, in a way of speaking, I’m back again in the family line. I have taken on the job of doing a series of signed advertisements of which this is the introductory one. I have declined propo- sitions to turn out advertisements for various manufactured products because | feel I merely would be a hired hand, ex- ploiting this, that or the other thing for so much a word. But I reached for this opportunity. I knew I could put my heart in it—could with sincerity endorse the article I was praising. From time to time in this space, I’m go- ing to write about Sweet Caporal Ciga- rettes. The first cigarette I ever smoked was a Sweet Caporal. That must be all of thirty-five years ago. Even that far back Sweet Caporals had been on the market a good long while. Commercially speaking, the Sweet Caporal Cigarette was born in November 1878 . ite —roughly forty- ; : sevenyearsago. : ‘\ Any product— | cigarette or what you please —which stands the tests of time and competition and shifting popular taste for nearly half a century and holds its own and steadily grows in favor 1s bound to have merits. It just naturally has to have ’em. It shall be my task to try to explain a few facts about these merits. Thank you. — = Qe, P. S. 7 awrite one of these articles every ontt in awhile. Watch for the next.

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ks on rettes bb ray from ing, I’m I have series of ‘his is the ed propo- nents for because | hand, ex- thing for d for this put my y endorse e, I’m go- ral Ciga- ‘r smoked t be all of t far back market a speaking, is born in in. you please ich stands sts of time y popular and holds 1 favor is naturally ny task to yout these 7, $ every onc home Workchom High-Speed Toy Electric Motor Made from Ordinary Bell HIGH-SPEED electric engine may be constructed very easily from an ordi- nary electric alarm bell. The projecting cast-iron gong support is sawed off and the striker arm also is cut off about 14 in. beyond the end of the armature. A strip of brass 1/16 in. thick and 14 in. wide, of suitable length, is drilled at one end to receive the wire striker arm and at the other end to fit the crank on the flywheel shaft. This shaft is No. 14 bare copper wire. At one end it has a crank bent to have a throw equal to that of the arma- ture stroke. Any wheel of suitable size and weight is fastened to the end of the shaft to serve as ROTARY MOTION VIBRATORY MOTION Aconnecting rod transmits the back-and-forth movement of the armature to a crank-shaft the flywheel. The bearings are simply holes drilled in a U-shaped piece of 1/16-in. brass strap. Two wire rings are soldered to the shaft to keep it in place. The projecting end of the wire striker arm is bent over to keep the connecting- rod strip in place. A wire ring is soldered to the crank just above the connecting strip to keep it from slipping up. When the adjusting screw is properly adjusted and the terminals of the bell are connected with a battery or transformer, the engine will run very rapid!y.—W. E. Salvaging a Short Hacksaw O MATTER how careful one is to keep a supply of hacksaw blades on hand, there are times when the last blade breaks. If one piece of the broken blade is fairly long, it can be refastened in the frame with the aid of afastener bent from. sheet iron, brass, or even heavy galvanized iron, as shown. This also can be used for holding new blades that are too short for the frame with which they are to be used.—A. L. As I use a good bit of mucilage, it oc- curred to me that the gum oozing out of cherry trees in our yard might be useful. I found it an excellent substitute for gum arabic. It is dissolved in water and in hot weather a small amount of alcohol is added as a_preservative.— Henry BIsHop. “ak POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY A Quest Way ty a fe Gi hi, a of doing business, you may say, yet— We urge you “don’t buy—yet”—let us first prove the claims made for this unique shaving cream. ELLING customers not to buy your product may appear an odd selling philosophy. Yet that is the way we brought Palmolive Shaving Cream to top place in its field. We urge you not to buy it. But to start using it at our expense. Will you grant us that courtesy? We'll thank you if you will. Immeasurably different Palmolive Shaving Cream is based on new principles of skin care and beard softening. It is immeasurably different from any cream you know. 60 years of soap study stand behind it. World’s soap experts make it. . . the makers of the world’s leading toilet soap, Palmolive. It represents 18 months of laboratory experiments, of over 130 formulas tested before perfection was reached. It embodies the 4 supreme requirements 1000 men named as their ideal of a shaving cream, plus a fifth—stronger bubbles. 8 men in 10 who try it, stay with it. A great many of its users were won from rival preparations. Such success, you'll agree, does not come without reason. Accept, please, a 10-day tube free. 5 new delights These you’ll find—these new shaving joys, these comforts unknown before. 1—Multiplies itself in lather 250 times. 2—Softens the beard in one minute. 3—Maintains its creamy fullness for 10 minutes on the face. 4—Strong bubbles hold the hairs erect for cutting. 5—Fine after effects due to palm and clive oil contents. 10 Shaves Free Now in justice to yourself, and in courtesy to us, please accept a 10-day tube free. Give us a chance to prove our claims. Find out for yourself whether your pres- ent method is not failing in some im- portant ways. To add the final touch to shaving luxury, we have created Palmolive After Shaving Talc espe- cially for men. Doesn’t show. Leaves the skin smooth and fresh, and gives that well-groomed look. Try the sample we are sending free with the tube of Shaving Cream. Bx 3013 and acan of Palmolive After Shaving Talc Simply insert your name and address and mail to Dept. B-1096, The Palmolive Company (Del. Corp.), 3702 Iron Street, Chicago, Ill. Residents of Wisconsin should address the Palmolive Company (Wis. Corp.), Milwaukee, Wis. eee weer eee eee ee eee sees ee Hee eee eeeeeeeeees © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. Coe rene ee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee

Page 82

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Kraeuter Needle-Nose Side-Cutting Pliers No. 1661—6 in. Just the === A Right Pliers for Every Job HY DO YOU always see the han- Wiles of Kraeuter pliers sticking out of the pocket of a first class me- chanic’s overalls? Because they STAND UP-—long after ordinary pliers would be thrown on the junk pile. Their teeth grip tight and hang on— because they are tempered with scien- tific accuracy. : _ Kraeuter Their wire cutters really cut—not only Slip-Joint Pliers ° No. 356—6 in. when new, but during many years of continued service. YOU need a pair of Kraeuter pliers whether you use them in your work or for recreation—and among the 120 styles and sizes made by Kraeuter there is a plier precisely suited to your needs. On Sale Wherever Good Tools Are Sold \'2 : KRAEUTER ec PLIERS é oe Kraeuter “Ask any Mechanic” i222, No. 1973—5)4 in. Electrician’s Side-Cutting Pliers No. 1831—7 in. die hlome Work sho 3 ‘ ga] Automatic Leaf-Raiser for Tea Wagon or Table By H. Caldwell Rig eng a homemade or a commercial] tea wagon or table with small drop leaves may be fitted quite easily with an automatic leaf-raiser. By throwing q lever at one end of the tea wagon or Both the leaves of the tea wagon are raiseq simultaneously by moving a lever at the back table, both leaves are raised to the level of the top and held firmly. The dimensions of the various parts depend upon the size and construction of the tea wagon or table. Hard wood should be used. The stock required for the leaf-raiser illustrated was as indicated in the drawing. ‘The width of the center and side blocks must be the same as the distance between the under side of the top and the bottom of the side rails. A hole is bored through the center of the pivot block to take a long bolt. The block then is screwed to the under side of the top in the center. The handle is let into the upper surface of the cross-bar at the center and is at PIVOTED CROSS-BAR "x1 %"x 30%! —_— = PIVOT BLOCKY. SS = E =| ‘COUNTERSUNK Details of the mechanism, one view showing the leaves raised and the other partly lowered such an angle that it will be as far over to one side of the tea wagon as possible when the leaves aredown. A study of the illustrations will show the relation of these parts. A hole is bored through the joint to suit the projecting bolt in the pivot block. The side blocks are screwed on the leaves, the slope of one block facing m (Continued on page 88) ene

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ane raised e back e level ; parts ruction | wood red for licated center as the of the Is. r of the . The er side surface d is at BAR R BLOCK November, 1925 Wi VacMi Wg ain MURDOCK MU-RAD ee 1iveT-[\ja ul Newport LEICH NUNN-LANDO N KUSTOMBILT and many others use ie EZ TMi aia” received an with [hordarson Ivansto If you were commissioned to explore the polar: be very particular to select the best equipment — especially in radio, your sole means of communication. RDA AMPLIFYING TRANSFORMERS Standard on. the majority of quality sets © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY “yy, %, %, 4, ? Qf 4 aad ae \S =.4 7a Mee sf > le 7S 4 aus ’ regions, you too would HORDARSON Super Amplifying Transformers — the identical transformers sold by dealers every- where and used in a majority of quality sets—have been the exclu- sive choice of MacMillan on his Arctic expeditions. Surely no greater tribute can be paid to the actual supremacy of . Thordarson Transformers, product of the world’s oldest and largest exclusive transformer specialists. Faultlessly they amplified programs and messages from great distances on the 1923-1924 expedition — and came back “as good as new.” Equally successful was their performance on the last expedition. The wisdom of MacMillan’s choice isfurther confirmed by the fact The Thordarson‘‘Autoformer’’All Fre- quencyAmplifiers are our latest develop- ment. They amplify clearly the lowest as well as the highest notes of any f instrument. An adaption of impedances, resistances and capacities. Write forthe~ Autoformer Hook-up Bulletin—it’s free. ~ 87 that year after year, leading builders of fine sets— makers of fine instru- ments especially noted for distance and superb tonequalities—use more Thordarsons than all competitive transformers combined. In addition to Thordarson audio fre- quency and power amplifying trans- formers in his receiving sets, Mac- Millan chose Thordarson Trans- formers for exclusive use in his broadcasting station, WAP, on board the’ Peary. WAP success- fully broadcast the weird voices and instruments of Eskimo entertainers back to civilization. Thordarsons cost more to build — but no more to buy. Dealers every- where. Interesting bulletins on amplification mailed free. Autoformers are $5 each. Other Thor- darson Radio Transformers: Audio Fre- quency (subpanel or top mounting types), 2-1, $5; 3-1, $4; 6-1, $4.50. Power Amplifying, $13 the pair. Interstage Power Amplifying, each $8. If dealer cannot supply, order from us. THORDARSON ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING CO. rmer specialists since 1895 & WORLDS OLDEST AND LARGEST EXCLUSIVE TRANSFORMER MAKERS Chicago, RSON US.A.

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“The Saw Makers” PERFECT CUTTING QUALITY IN FILES and HACK SAW BLADES SIMONDS Pronounced SI-MONDS SAWS FILES KNIVES SIMONDS SAW AND STEEL COMPANY, Fitchburg, Massachusetts Branch Stores and Service Shops in Principal Cities © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY November, 1925 1 ov STEEL Established 1832 | Ze Plone Workehom Unique Telephone Stand Made from a Discarded Crib NEW idea in telephone stands jg illustrated below. It is made of a solid black walnut crib in which I slept when a baby. I sawed off the top of the high posts, removed one side, placed slats across the bottom, and made a leather upholstered seat to fit within the rails. The telephone shelf is plate glass backed with green felt, jes This telephone stand with its roomy, com- fortable upholstered seat was a baby’s crib and below it is a rack for supporting the telephone directory. The seat is far more restful for tele- phoning than the diminutive chairs ordinarily used, and also is a convenience when putting on rubbers or waiting in the reception hall for other members of the household.—LEo A. REINKE. Automatic Leaf-Raiser for Tea Wagon or Table (Continued from page 86) the opposite direction from that of the other. The blocks are placed so that the ends of the bar extend about 1 in. beyond them when the leaves are up. Bear in mind that the bar should be as long as possible, the length being con- View of the tea wagon with drawer removed, showing leaf-raiser in lowest position trolled by the diagonal distance from leaf to leaf when the leaves are down. Make a long slope to the side blocks so that the leaves will rise gradually; other- wise the bar will work hard and may break. Working details of a tea wagon to which a leaf-raiser of this type can be applied are contained in Home Work- prints on page 90). shop Blueprint No. 13 (see list of blue-

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» 1925 November, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 89 ——- ... oc. a ade g the tele- ‘hairs ‘ience n the f the f the it the 4 im. up. be as - con- ine GLOSS RE se 50-8~ “Equ ip your set with kite Radio Power Units They provide unfailing, uniform Balkite Battery Charger This popular battery charger is en- tirely noiseless and can be use while the radio set is in operation. If your battery should be low you merely turn on the charger and op- erate the set. Charging rate 2.5 am- peres. Operates from 110-120 AC 60 cycle current. Special model for 50 cycles. Also for 25-40 cycles with 1.5 ampere charging rate. Price $19.50 West of Rockies, $20 In Canada, $27.50 Balkite Trickle Charger ey a both 4 and 6 volt radio “A” batteries at about .5 amperes. Usable in 3 ways: (1) As a regular charger with alow capacity storage battery for sets now using dry cells. (2) With storage battery sets of few tubes. Furnishes more current than used by 6 dry cell or 2 storage battery tubes, so that if used dur- po apr mange it need be used at no other time. (3) As a “‘trickle” or continuous charger for sets of as many as 8dry cell orstorage battery tubes, Charging rate 2.5 amperes. Size 54 in. long, 2%4 in. wide, 5 in. high. Operates from 110-120 AC 60 cycle current, Special model for 50 cycles. Low capacity batteries especially adapted for use with this charger with sets now using | cells are being offered by practically all lead- ing battery manufacturers this fall. Reputable manufacturers are also offering this fall for use with this charger special switches which turn on Balkite “‘B” and turn off the charger when you turn on your set. This makes the current supply for both “A” and “B” circuits automatic in operation. Price $10 West of Rockies, $10.50 In Canada, $15 Equip your set with Balkite Radio Power Units. They improve and simplify radio reception. With their use your current supply is unfailing and always exactly what is required for each circuit. They reduce the amount of attention you give your set. The popular Balkite Battery Charger is entirely noiseless and can be used while the set is in operation. The Balkite Trickle Charger is especially adapted to sets of small “A” current requirements—any dry cell set, and storage battery sets of few tubes, It en- ables owners of sets now using dry cells to make a most economical installation. Balkite “B” II is also well known. It was the out- standing development in radio last year. It eliminates “B” batteries and supplies plate current from the light socket. It fits any set. The new Balkite “B” at $35 is especially designed to serve sets of 6 tubes and less, With such sets it will perform exactly as does Balkite “B” II with sets of larger “B” current requirements. Noiseless—No bulbs—Permanent All Balkite Radio Power Units are based on the same principle. All are entirely noiseless in operation. They have no moving parts, no bulbs, and nothing to ad- just, break or get out of order. They cannot deteriorate through use or disuse—each is a permanent piece of equipment with nothing to wear out or replace. They require no other attention than the infrequent addition of water. They do not interfere with your set or your neighbor’s, Their current consumption is remarkably low. They require no changes or addi- tions to your set. They constitute a complete, trouble- free radio power equipment, one that is economical, unfailing in operation, and eliminates the possibility of run-down batteries, Manufactured by FANSTEEL PRODUCTS COMPANY, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois Balkite Radio Power Units ‘BALKITE BATTERY CHARGER - BALKITE TRICKLE CHARGER - BALKITE“B” - © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. current for both circuits Balkite “B” Eliminates ““B” Batteries. Supplies plate current from the light socket. Operates with either storage bate tery or dry cell tubes. Keeps “B’® circuit always operating at maxi- mum efficiency, for with its use the plate current supply is never low. Requires no changes or additions to your set. No bulbs—nothing to replace. Requires no attention other than adding water twice a year. A new model, designed to serve sets requiring not more than 20 mil- liamperes at 90 volts—practically all sets of 5 tubes or less, and most 6 tube sets. Size 8% in. long, 8 in. high, 34 in. wide. Occupies about same space as 45 volt dry “B”’ bat- tery. Operates from 110-120 AC 60 cycle current. Special model for 50 cycles. Price $35 In Canada, $47.50 Balkite “B” II The most outstanding develop- mentin Radio last season. Same as the new Balkite “B”’ but will fit any set including those of 8 tubes or more. Current capacity 40 milli- amperes at 90 volts. Size 9 in. high, 6% in. wide, 7% in. deep. Operates from 110-120 AC 60 cycle current. Special model for 50 cycles. Price $55 In Canada, $75 The Unipower, manufactured by the Gould Storage Battery Com- pany, is equipped with a special Balkite Radio Power Unit. BALKITE “B”

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90 Box! OU’LL use them often, too—and bless the day you got them! V & B Vanadium Hammers are made from V & B form- ula vanadium steel and handled with the finest hick- ory. They are octagon- necked and round faced— with a special non-slip claw that firmly grips either a brad or a spike. A V & B Hammer is a trusty helper on any job! V & B Unbreakable Planes are drop-forged—not cast —from a solid bar of V& B Supersteel. They stand the falls that would break the ordinary plane. Fur- nished with all vana- dium steel blades and walnut handles. Your hardware deal- er will recommend these tools. Ask to see them. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY -Here Are Two Husky | Fellows For Your Tool VAUGHAN & BUSHNELL MANUFACTURING COMPANY Makers of Fine ‘Toots 2114 Carroll Ave.~ ~ Chicago, Wh U.S.Aw © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. November, 1925 | Mee Klome Work show Suggestions for Constructing Valuable Christmas Gifts URNITURE and radio sets rank among the most durable and satisfactory Christmas pres- ents. They have real utility and give lasting plea- sure to those who receive them. Gifts of this type can be constructed economically in even the most modestly equipped home workshop. To guard against disappointment in the finished product, however, it is advisable to follow well-worked-out plans such as those con- tained in the Home Workshop series of blueprints, listed below. If you wish to make a useful present for your wife or mother, you can choose such pieces as the sewing table (1), the kitchen cabinet (5), the tea wagon (13), or a chest (17 and 39). If the gift is for a man, you can select the smoking cabinet (2); for a man or boy, the bench (15) or a radio set (41, 42, and 48), or if for children, a variety of toys (14 and 29). Complete List of Blueprints gts one of the blueprints listed f£\ below can be obtained from POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY for 25 cents. The Editor will be glad to answer any specific questions rela- tive to tools, material, or equipment. Blueprint Service Dept. Popular Science Monthly 250 Fourth Avenue, New York GENTLEMEN: Send me the blueprint, or blue- prints, I have underlined below, for When TE ANClOSE..... 65. 6 ass so 0c cents: Title Published Price . Sewing Table Feb., ’22 25c . Smoking Cabinet . End Table No. 1 2 Mar., ’22 25c 3 5. Kitchen Cabinet 8 9 10 Apr., °22 25e May, ’22 25c June, ’22 25c july, ’22 25c Aug., ’22 25c Sept.,’22 25c Oct., °22 25e Nov., ’22 25c Dec., ’22 25c Jan., "23 25¢ Feb., ’23 25c Mer.,’23 2b Mar.,’23- 25c Apr., ’23 25c Apr., ’23 25c Apr., ’23 25c Acr., °23 25¢ May, ’23 25¢ June, ’23 25¢ July, ’23 25c Sept., ’23 25c Oct., °23 25c Nov., ’23 25c Dec., ’23 25¢ Jan., °24 25c Feb., ’24 25c Mar., ’24 25c Apr., ’24 25¢ . Shaving Cabinet . Arbor, Gate, and Seats . Porch Swing 11. Bench and Tilt Table 12. Electric Washer 13. Tea Wagon 14. Christmas Toys 15. Workshop Bench 16. Inlaid Radio Cabinet 17. Cedar Chest 18. Phone Table and Stool 19. Grandfather’s Clock 20. Flat-Top Desk 21. Colonial Desk 22. Cabinet and Desk 23. Pergola Garage 24. Gateleg Table 25. Canoe Sailing Outfit 26. Baby’s Crib and Pen 27. Kitchen-Cabinet Table 28. Pullman Play Table 29. Toy Tea Cart, etc. 30. Tool Cabinet, etc. 31. Sewing Cabinets 32. Chinese Game Table 33. Dining Alcove 34. Garden Trellises May, ’24 25c Oct., °24 25c Nov.,’24 25c Dec., ’24 25c Jen., ‘25 25c Feb., ’25 25c May, 25 25¢ June, ’25 25c july, °25 25¢ 35. Simple Radio Cabinet 36. Rush-Bottom Chair 37. Simplified Bookcase 38. Sheraton Table 39. Salem Chest 40. Desk in Sheraton Style 41. One-Tube Radio Set 42. Three-Stage Amplifier 43. Four-Tube Receiver TS SECT ELE EEC Lo ee ae ee

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ucted lestly yuard ished ollow : con- ies of nt for » such tchen or a for a rbinet 15) or if for 29). ats sted rom » 25 1 to -ela- ent. Tork ylue- . for nts: November, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY charge over 2 Better Because:— New micrometer adjustment, hinged lid, and carrying handle. No bulbs to buy or break. Can be used anywhere—con- tains no acids or other harmful liquids to spill. Approved by underwriters— trouble-proof, shock-proof and fireproof. Beautiful cabinet in maroon and a Write for new edition of our instructive booklet on Ve radio operation “The Secret of Distance and Volume in Radio.” RE A DET CRIMI REI CS IERIE 8 Three Times os Fast / Gerace to-date 5-ampere charger : Over 500,000 ines in use No more of the long, bothersome waits that were necessary when the slow, 2-ampere battery charger was the best that radio offered. The New Improved 5-ampere GOLD SEAL HOM- CHARGER charges your battery overnight—it charges three times as fast as the slow, obsolete chargers that were last year's best. And it charges both A and B batteries without additional equipment. Don't let anybody sell you an obsolete slow 2-ampere charger. You need a full 5-ampere charging rate for real efficient service. To be absolutely sure, insist on the GOLD SEAL HOMCHARGER. The Kodel Radio Corporation 500 East Pearl Street Cincinnati, Ohio Owners of Kodel Broadcasting Station WKRC on the Alms Hotel. Send for program.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY November, 1925 This seal on the tool you buy as- sures you of the highest tool quali- BROWN & tools which the factory until it 2000 different tools. BROWN perfect as men can make it. tenance of such high standards for nearly 100 years has brought to Brown ¢& Sharpe Tools their reputation of dependable accuracy. SHARPE Inspection insures must be right So exacting are the requirements of Brown C®, Sharpe inspection that no product leaves is as nearly mechanically The main- Brown & Sharpe Small Tool Catalog No. 29 lists over Write for your copy today. Brown & Sharpe Mfg. Co. Providence, R. I., U.S.A. TOOLS © ‘‘Standard of the Mechanical World’’ | tae lone Worksham General Utility Toolbox of Rainproof Construction Bult especially to be carried in g Ford car, the carpenter’s toolbox illustrated is an especially handy size and has the advantage of being waterproof, It is also an excellent toolchest for the home owner or farmer. The top and bottom are 34 by 12 by 31 in. and 10 by 31 in. respectively, the ends 34, by 10 by 18 in., the front and back each are composed of 2 pieces 34 by 10 by 31 in., all being 34-in. dressed pine. The end pieces are prepared first by nailing around their outside edges strips 3% by 1% in. Then nail the bottom board to the end pieces. Take the two front pieces and bevel one edge on each piece so that the joint where they come together will slant downward to prevent the rain from beating in. Nail the lower A strong, roomy chest for wood- working and odd- job repair tools front piece on and then attach the upper piece with hinges. Bevel the joint be- tween the two back pieces in the same way and nail them on. The lid should have four 34 by 1) in. strips nailed around the inside to keep it from warping. Fit hinges and hasp. Then take several laths, round one edge of each, and fit and nail them around the edges of the lid, letting the rounded edge project about 14 in. below the top of the box. Cut a piece of galvanized iron large enough to cover the top and bend down over these laths. If no sheet- metal shop is at hand, make the two longer bends yourself by bending the metal between two planks. Then place the metal on the box and bend down the ends, lapping the corners and nailing the edges with galvanized shingle nails. Paint the box inside and out. | Two saw racks may be fitted in the lid and a small tray provided for bits, rules, | , and small tools.—THOMAS STALLINGS. New Ideas for Your Christmas Gifts jit pees methods of preparing Christmas decorations will be featured in the Home Workshop Department next month. There will be an especially large number of suggestions on making toys and games. A page or more will be devoted to stunts you can do with a toy electric railroad. Other articles will describe gift furniture.

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ina .0lbox ze and ‘proof, or the by 81 e ends k each by 31 rst by strips ottom ne two nN each r come revent > lower > upper oint be- e same 1% in. o keep 1 hasp. ne edge und the ed edge > of the 2d iron id bend sheet- he two ing the n place ywn. the ling the nails. . the lid s, rules, | , INGS. seeeeneerner, ur S aring ill be ‘shop [here mber s and ill be with Other iture. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY | eneseccasecar /mproved ¢ : _ — tar | Approved by °*608 Extra Ten leading manufacturers The new Hammarlund-Roberts receiver is the united achievement of ten leading engineers, endorsed by ten of the best-known radio manu- facturers. No one man’s or one group’s conception of five tube possi- bilities but the composite of the leaders’ convictions. lund-Roberts far beyond your expectations of performance. How to Build the ammarlund- | cost. They were not handicapped in building to a price. RECEIVER. This concentration of the leaders upon one purpose—the perfection and intense application of tried and proven radio principles has produced new results. Results so vital and so valuable that they put the Hammar- In designing this new standard of efficiency, the consulting engineers had at their disposal the finest parts the market affords—regardless of These ten leading manufacturers offer to the American public greater value than ever before. A radio receiver constructed throughout of the latest, most efficient part designs at a price within the means of every one. A five tube receiver that equals the Super-Heterodyne in selectivity and volume. A receiver so simple in design that anyone can build it from the instructions in the ‘‘Hammarlund-Roberts Construction Book’, Send for this most You will wonder at this new simplicity; this new efficiency; this new saving. complete book giv- e ing full instructions Associate Manufacturers ing, and pa All-American Radio Corp., Alden Manufacturing Co., Radiall the Hammarlund- Company, Carter Radio Company, Dubilier Condensers, Union Radio Roberts receiver. Corp., International Resistance Co., Hammarlund Mfg. Co., Inc. Write for this most complete book a5c Ht leis linia Hammarlund-Roberts, 1182-F Broadway, N.Y. and dials, Carter a Rheostats, Jacks : and Switches Hammartun ¥ © approved for the Hammarlund- f Roberts. ; A | y © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. The All-American Radio Corp. con- tribute the Rau- land Lyric Trans- former to the efficiency of this new receiver.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY November, 1995 = ra UTA Trade. Matk Redister Made in Salt Lake City ‘LINE Guaranteed Radio Reception OBODY—except Utah would dare offer a speaker on such a guarantee. We offer it as it age "Utah and pate the best speaker made—and we let you test it in ae were best . your own home to prove it to you. If you are not its tO ate able vehi not _— satisfied your dealer will gladly take it back. ot Uta er’ 15 the utter — ut ° give Mion Ht ts ge Make This Test Today ti h e e dealer ¢ amour mones® = Co to your dealer NOW. Don’t be without the Utah speaker n any longer. A test or demonstration will convince you. Made of Semi-Hard Rubber No Vibration @ All types have same unit. @ We are manufacturers not assemblers. 1 Largest makers in America of any company de- voted to the manufacture of speakers and units. Wf. = BROADCASTING STATION KSL Utah Supreme Utah Radio Service Corporation will open a new station in P Salt Lake City. Daily concerts will be given from the Mormon $ > 5-00 Tabernacle on the mammoth pipe organ. Watch for opening Announcement. UTAH RApIOo PRropucts COMPANY 1427 S. MICHIGAN AVENUE DEPT. 517 CHICAGO Utah Superflex Utah Standard For true reproduction of tone the Utah Standard is unsur- passed. Wonderful natural tone and volume come easily from distant stations. For chose who want the best. $7, 5-00 Phonospeaker With Stand. . . $10.00 Without Stand* . 9.50

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November, 1925

Home Workshop | Playing Host to the Birds By William J. Edmonds, Jr.

number of birds this winter if you spend the small amount of time necessary to make a simple bird-feeding shelter and keep it well stocked with suet and seeds all through the cold months. The shelter illustrated is not only sub- stantial and well designed for its purpose, but also is sufficiently simple in construc- tion to be made by any one with the common tools found in every household. Almost any kind of wood can be used, but white pine, cedar, or cypress are easy to work and have excellent weather- ing qualities. If easier to obtain, ma- terial 34 in. thick can be used for the parts indicated as 1% in. thick in the drawing below. In assembling the parts, the post cleats should be fastened in place first with at least three screws fastened through the bottom into each cleat. The cleats, which should be spaced to suit the post or ‘other support, prevent the platform from warping. (Continued on page 96) YJ w= can play host to a surprising

A PLATFORM I"x10"x 16"

=

|l< 2: Side and end views of a simply made feeding table or shelter for encouraging winter birds

© This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

Suillie Interiors : en every finish correct, as specified on the Household Painting Guide S=. the special new Sherwin-Williams’ Cotor SuccEsTIoNns at Paint Headquarters in your own community. Nothing else offers such inviting help to those eager to make homes attractive. Be sure to see these latest ideas before decorating. If you do not locate Paint Headquarters through its sign and the Household Painting Guide write us. The Sherwin-Williams Co., /argest paint and varnish makers in the world, 659 Canal Road, Cleveland, Ohio. SHERWIN- & WILLIAMS PAINTS AND VARNISHES @ 1025, The Sherwin-Williams Co. ,

HO USEHOLD PAINTING GUIDE TO PAINT— |TOVARNISH—| TO STAIN— |TOENAMEL SURFACE USE PRODUCT USE PRODUCT USE PRODUCT USE PRODUCT NAMED BELOW NAMED BELOW NAMED BELOW NAMED BELOW

AY, fa || AUTOMOBILES... S-W Auto Enamel o9 Auto Beand S-W Auto Enamel

7 bey = and S-W ing

i SWP House Paint : Yl] BRICK .............. Oe Ce vinieh Old Dutch Enamel

si || CEILINGS, Interior... || Flat-Tone Scar-Not Varnish Fa mntoeh Stain | Enameloid : Exterior . . || SWP House Paint Rexpar Varnish S-W Oil Stain Old Dutch Enamel

S| 2a || CONCRETE ......... S-W Concrete Wall Finish

Hil DOORS, Interior ..... SWP House Paint Scar-Not Varnish Floorlac Velvet Finish No. 1044 | S-W Handcraft Stain | 2pameloid

Exterior...... SWP House Paint Rexpar Varnish S-W Oil Stain Old Dutch Enamel

laa au S-W Preservative S-W Roof and Bridge Paint Shingle Stain

S-W Inside Floor Paint Mar-Not Varnish Floorlac S-W Inside Floor Paint

SESE «+ || S-W Concrete Floor Finish S-W Concrete Floor Finish

sine S-W Porch and Deck Paint 4|| FURNITURE, Indoors|} Enameloid Scar-Not Varnish Floorlac

ee

Old Dutch Enamel dl Porch || Enameloid Rexpar Varnish S-W Oil Stain Enameloid : HOUSE OR GARAGE ; P W Preservative bs bs Exterior........ SWP House Paint Rexpar Varnish Shingle Stain Old Dutch Enamel JBC, BY fd || LINOLEUM ......... S-W Inside Floor Paint | Mar-Not Varnish S-W Inside Floor Paint ba BE Flat-T : ‘oe: : RADIATORS........ age | Aluminum or Gold Enameloid MAMA ROOFS, Shingle... S-W Roof and Bridge Paint : Me tal. Be ees Metalastic ws S-W Preservative Ebonol Shingle Stain

Sinaesp spine S-W Screen Enamel S-W Screen Enamel ay | BRINGS cos sce 055 5e0 S-W Family Paint Rexpar Varnish Floorlac Enameloid »Y74 || WALLS, Interior Flat-Tone . Old Dutch Enamel Bal ( Plaster or Wallboard) |} SWP House Paint Enameloid ai) WICKER............ Enameloid Rexpar Varnish Floorlac Old Dutch Enamel WOODWORK SWP House Paint Scar-Not Varn SW Handeraft Stain | O14 Dutch Enamel Interior Secccesce v-+|] Flat-Tone Velvet Finish Ne. 1044 | Fico: Enameloi

By SSS MELEE

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% POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY When you see a “‘Hex’—think of BLACKHAWK/ a | ay W i ' : ‘ for Speed IME saved around the car with a set of Blackhawk “Q. D.” wrenches soon pays for the tools. k Nuts beyond the grasp of ordinary short wrenches, nuts that slip out of open-jaw tools, are all quickly handled with “. Dos . Tough steel sockets slip easily over the nuts or boltheads, hugging them firmly, and the comfortable handles have just the right reach and leverage. Fast-working, trusty tools that save your knuckles and your temper! If your dealer is not Blackhawkwise yet, write us direct. BLACKHAWK MFG. COMPANY (Formerly American Grinder Mfg. Co.) Dept. L Milwaukee, Wis. Also manufacturers of Black- hawk Water Pumps for Fords. | PGR v7 0 a av’ Ke a | Welded Wrenches © This seal or. November, 1925 Orne WorlkShen Playing Host to the Birds (Continued from page 95) The ends are fastened to the platform with finishing nails driven from the under side. The 14-in. square strips, which pre- vent the seeds from being blown off the platform, are fastened with brads parallg to each other. The suet hooks are screwed into the inside surface of each end before the roof boards are nailed in place, The feeding-table may be painted any color that blends with its surroundings, The separate parts (upper view) and the shelter assembled ready for placing the roof Brown or green always are satisfac- tory colors. P The ends should face in the direction of the prevailing storms to lessen the danger. of the table’s becoming filled with snow. Lumps of suet should be kept con- stantly on the hooks, as it attracts more birds than any other food. Bread crumbs, seeds, and broken nuts are rel- ished by many birds. Giving Photos a High Gloss PROFESSIONAL photographers obtain high gloss effects on photographs by allowing the prints to dry on polished ferrotype plates. The amateur can do the same thing in the way illustrated. When removed from the bath, the prints should be placed face down on The prints are allowed to dry face down on the polished bottom of a developing-tray the bottom of a developing tray and the excess water removed with a blotter and roller. Polishing the tray bottom before- hand with a soft cloth on which @ small quantity of wax has been rubbed, - radio or tool advertisement signifies the approy=] Of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. will prevent the prints from sticking.— K. B. M. Nove! T F e § rne~

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tform under h pre- ff the aralle] 3 are h end place, d any dings, ; d the e roof atisfac- ction of danger . 1 snow. pt con- ts more Bread are rel- loss s obtain aphs by polished can do ated. ith, the lown on own on ng-tray and the ytter and n before- which @ _ rubbed, icking.— POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY The Erla Circloid Five Factory-Bilt Kit comes completely as- gsembled. You simply wire, 2 Ready cut, flexible, eye- letted leads make it easy as A BC. Simple dia- grams show you how to do it in an evening. The finished job gives you the new principle not found in the most expensive sets. You pay Only $49.50, See how easy to build this amazing new type radio RITE immediately for the free radio book just published. It tells how thousands are enjoying the revolu- tionary new radio principle at a great saving by building their own sets. How 45 minutes of fun gives you a receiver that rivals in results the costliest factory built jobs. Now anyone can do it a new easy way. Science has made a remarkable dis- covery. A new inductance principle that offers 4 great improvements over ordi- nary sets. It is based on a new kind of coil, the Erla *Balloon *Circloid. Only Erla can give it to you. See these 4 striking results. 1. Greater Distance. Circloids have no measurable external field to affect ad- jacent coils or wiring circuits. This makes possible higher amplification in each stage, with increased sensitivity and greater range. 2. More Volume. Higher r. f. amplifica- tion enables Circloids to bring in distant stations scarcely audible in ordinary sets with volume enough on the loud speaker to fill an auditorium. *Trade Mark Registered ELECTRICAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES 2500 Cottage Grove Avenue, Chicago, IIl. This sign identifies authorized Erla_ | distributors. Allare | equipped to give complete radio service. 3. Increased Selectivity. Circloids have absolutely no pick-up qualities of their own. Only signals flowing in the antenna circuit are built up. 4. Finer Tone Quality. The self-enclosed field positively prevents stray feed-backs between coils. Hence no blurring or dis- tortion. Tones are crystal clear. Write for free information on kit —also book See how a few minutes of fun will give you the newest and most phenomenal set known to radio science. Examine it at any Erla dealer’s, or send the coupon Consists of 3 Erla Balloon Circloids (1 coupler and 2 transformers) and 3 .00035 15- plate Erla Mini. loss Condensers. Erla Kit No. K-10 Consists of 3 Erla Balloon Circloids (1 coupler and 2 transformers). Full instructions for installing on your present re- ceiver are in- clude@. Price $12. Complete instructions for installing in each box. This combination gives you a splendid i5-tube receiver, Price $21.50, Erla 3 Tube Circloid Cir-Kit for full information, illustrations and dia- grams contained in the remarkable new book, “Circloid Hookups.” NOW FREE Get this book telling about the newest scientific radio discovery. See the many circuits in which it can be used. See how to make the tests that prove conclusively the great advantages it brings. The edi- tion is limited, so write immediately. Contains abso- lutely every part used in the construc- tion of a 3-tube Erla receiver, from drilled and engraved Bakelite panel and _ stenciled baseboard to wood screws and wire. Every part tested and approved in our labora- tories and guaranteed. © Fe BSB BR RRS BRR EEE BR BEE eee : 1 4 ; Send me : Dealers—FExclusive franchises | ! are available to high class dealers | "Name. in localities still open. Write or § Address . . ° > men he wire immediately. atte. IS} This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS picniseeiices COMUNE cic ccieccsect ELECTRICAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES, 2500 Cottage Grove Ave., Dept. 12-B, Chicago, Il. the new book explaining the revolu- tionary radio principle recently various Circloid hookups, discovered; also . See page 6.

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY For the fan who ‘“ winds his own’’ OU set builders who are winding tubular coils, induc- tance coils, and transformers for superdyne and neutrodyne circuits can do an expert job with this Goodell-Pratt Coil Winder. You can do the job at your own bench, a job worthy of the highest class professional, at a fraction of the cost. Holds any cylinder of cardboard, bakelite, or fibre up to 434 inches in diameter and 7 inches in length. The outer aluminum driving disc is adjusted to the cylinder length by a sliding collar, which can be locked at any point on the spindle with a thumb screw. The outside face of this collar is cut at an angle, afford- ‘ ing a cam action against the button on the disc hub, which exerts ‘4 a continual tightening effect on the cylinder. And because both t discs are cone-shaped, the cylinder is centered automatically. The spring wound around the spindle prevents it from turning backward and releasing the tension on the coil wire. If unwinding becomes necessary, merely raise the loop end of the spring. Nicely finished in red and black enamel, and natural aluminum, with all exposed steel parts well polished. Length over all 1414 inches, weight 3 pounds. Other tools for radio builders. Write for special radio tool folders, which show all the Goodell-Pratt radio tools, many of which are new and exclusive Goodell-Pratt inventions. GOODELL-PRATT COMPANY, Greenfield, Mass., U.S. As Makers of Mr. Punch © Coil Winder PRICE $4.20 GOODELI-PRAT 1500 GOOD TOOLS | tie hlome Worls sing Decorative Teapot Stand Made from Mosaic Floor Tiles OC EDINARY mosaic tiling is a ma. terial useful for making many Novel and decorative objects in the home work. shop. As modern office buildings have floors in which these tiles play a promi. This unique colorful stand for hot dishes is made of small tiles set in cement. It re. quires no baking as do pottery tiles nent part, the material may be obtained easily and at comparatively low cost. To construct a teapot stand from mosaic pieces, a frame is required. It should be %% in. deep, having inside dimensions of 54% by 54% in. This frame is given a coat of oil or white lead to prevent the cement from sticking to it. The frame is placed on a small board or table perfectly horizontal and the tiles are arranged to make any design .or pattern, After the tiles , are arranged, Port- land cement and fine sifted sand are mixed in equal parts. with suffi- cient water to pour easily. This is poured into the frame to cover the tiles about 14 in. @sbiLack @ GROWN A reinforcing sheet ap RED YY GREEN of window screen 5 FLOOR TILES in. square then is a = placed in the mold, WE SCREENS after which the re- —__—__—— . . J) mainder is filled P, = with mortar. Y y AS The mortar may wil F be left natural or !NSIDE OF FRAME SHH colored either with | How the form and cement colors or ‘he tile are made aniline, water-soluble powdered dye, such as can be purchased at any drug-store. After the mortar has hardened sufi- ciently, the frame is removed and the edges are smoothed up by means of 4 carborundum stone or a file. When the cement is stone dry, the edges may be enameled.—W. J. E. 5k ——-—> SS Likes the Home Workshop I HAVE been taking POPULAR SCIENCE MonrTHLY for two years, and can truth fully say that it is the best magazine that can be bought. The Home Workshop Department has helped me a great deal, for my hobby is woodworking.—R. W. D. Fond du Lac, Wis. © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Page 95

is a m nhany Novel ome work. dings haye Y & promi. unique ang ful stand fy lishes is Made nall tiles set ‘ment. It re S no baking ) pottery tile

be obtained yw cost. stand from juired. It ving inside This frame 1ite lead to cking to it. all board or the tiles are or pattern,

= BROWN

RAME SHISHS form and are made ed dye, such lrug-store. rdened sufi- ved and the means of @ When the lges may be kshop LAR SCIENCE d can truth nagazine that 1e Workshop a great deal, a —R, W. D,,

——

7 November, 1925

og ‘Air Flivver’? Whittled from Scraps of Soft Wood

W HILE the day of the “air flivver” is not yet here, there seems little doubt that it is close at hand. There- |. fore a plane of this type should be in- cluded in every boy’s collection of toy airplanes. Nothing could be much easier to make than the model air flivver illustrated. The body is cut from a piece of soft pine or other wood 34 by 14% by 7 in. The wing is shaped Pte a piece 3/16 by 214 by 11 in. A %-in. dowel is glued in a hole through the nose of the machine so that the ends project 5/16 in. beyond each side of the body. This represents the sim- plified, light airplane motor of the future. A strip 14 by 4 by 2 in. is nailed beneath the body to serve as an axle.

COLOR —1 BODY - GREEN WING - YELLOW LENGTH 754° < HEIGHT 24%" SPAN ; | cHorD 2%

Lg” Top, side, and partial front view of the toy plane, showing the principal dimensions

It carries two wheels 1 in. thick and 1 in. in diameter cut from a curtain pole. The tail members and the propeller are tin, as in previous models, and the tail skid is a piece of bent wire. This is the last airplane toy in the present series. A complete set, at- tractively painted, would make an es- pecially welcome Christmas gift for any small boy, and the actual work of con- structing them is relatively slight. The cost is nothing at all, except for paint. In case you wish to build the entire series, you will find the first design, a toy air coach, on page 100 in the June issue; the second, a flying-boat cruiser, on page 103, July; the third, a racer, on page 89, August; the fourth, an aerial express cruiser, on page 109, September; and the fifth, a transatlantic air-liner, on page 112, October. | A quick-drying, glossy, and brilliant paint for toys of this type can be made cheaply by purchasing a few cents’ worth each of powdered whiting, lamp- black, and bright red, blue, and yellow at a paint-store and mixing the colors as needed with white or orange shellac. A great variety of colors can be obtained by judiciously mixing the powders and there is no waste.—DONALD W. CLARK.

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

Door Cleon Never Forgets: It is a door-closing power plant: perfect in action; made with the precision of a smooth-running engine; every part co-ordinated to the quiet closing of a door. And like the perfect engine, the Yale Door Closer has its piston, cylinder, connecting rod and crank- shaft; its ports, valves and bearings. As the door is opened the power of a highly tem- pered steel spring is stored up waiting for release. As the hand leaves the knob the spring unwinds, promptly starting the closing action, and at the right moment, controlled by a piston working within its Y cylinder against hydraulic pressure, the door gradu- ally loses momentum and comes to a quiet stop as ‘ the latch-bolt clicks in the jamb. ~YAL This is the action of a Yale Door Closer. A type and size for every need—from the screen door of a home to the massive entrance door of a public building. Easy to apply. Easy to adjust. For sale, moderately priced, by dealers everywhere. The Yale & Towne Mfg. Co. Stamford, Conn., U. S. A. Canadian Branch at St. Catharines, Ont.

YALE MADE IS YALE MARKED

IS) This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. LS

er erat ete ore 7 pee aPee ae, eS ——s Loe pera so ge

Page 96

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY November, 1925

Service cannot stop The telephone, like the human heart, must repair itself while it works. The telephone system never rests, yet the ramifications of its wires, the reach of its cables and the terminals on its switch- boards must ever increase. Like an airplane that has started on a journey across the sea, the telephone must repair and extend itself while work is going on. To cut communication for a single moment would interrupt the endless stream of calls and jeopardize the well-being and safety of the community. The doctor or police must be called. Fire may break out. Numberless important business and social arrangements must be made. Even when a new exchange is built and put into use, service is not interrupted. Conversations started through the old are cut over and finished through the new, the talkers unconscious that growth has taken place while the service continues. Since 1880 the Bell System has grown from 31 thousand to 16 million stations, while talking was going on. In the last five years, additions costing a billion dollars have been made to the system, without interrupting the service. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES BELL SYSTEM One Policy, One System, Universal Service JUST OUT! , REY~-- ELECTRICITY Audels Handy Book of Practical Electricity, 1 Vol. $4 Complete in One Pocket Size, Flexible, Bright Red Leather Volume A simplified ready refererfte, giving complete instruction and inside information. Handy to use. Easy to understand. For Engineers, Professional Electricians, Students. A reliable au- thority and a handy helper for every electrical worker. INFORMATION COMPLETE COURSE FOR HOME STUDY The 1040 pages and 2600 dia- Learn more and you willearn more. Know ths facts in ma grams give accurate, up-to-date Electricity. This couponis youropportunity. Use it now! ™@ and complete information on— 7S 9 <<< ee we we eee ee eens Rules and Laws, RADIO, Storage ! a 1 =f a The. Aude! Co, 65 W. 23 St, NewYork Batteries, WIRING DIAGRAMS, | fad Please send me Audel’s Handy Book of Power and House Wiring, Auto- } Bat) ii iy ee ractical Electricity for free examina- matic ‘Phones, Auto Ignition, } tion, If satisfactory, I will send you TURE "WINDING. cable Spt: | G, Cable Splic- A MONTH ing, Elevators and’ Cranes, Sign J

is all that you claim for it and then] —READY REFERENCE on every electri- some. Very well pleased with it. Find] cal subject. Pocket h ly | i Gest belo 1, ay Fos Fire, andeomely ; Occupation Ce SEbeEGoctenscasccwGebcbieanses: COUPON A’ days, then $1 monthly until $4 is

| Mie Home Work shom How to Build Book-Shelves without Wasting Space By Roger L. Bridgeman _ on we moved into our newly acquired home, we found no place to put our books. Lining up the books side by side, the surplus from our sectional bookcase measured over 45 ft. ' Instead of building shelves and fitting our books into them, we designed the shelves to fit the books. We laid out the volumes on the floor according to height and found the spaces between the shelves that would best suit them would be 8%, 9, and 11 in. The volumes averaged in height an inch less than the space. The three heights were added, together with the thicknesses of the

The books were measured before these shelves were built to insure a place for every volume shelves, and a 14-in. space was allowed between the bottom shelf and floor, giving 34 in. as the distance from the upper shelf to the floor. The ends of the book-shelves were designed to go above the top shelf 4 in. to accommodate a few small books in the corners. By dividing the total length of the books by three, it was found that shelves totaling 15 ft. in length were required. As we had 18 ft. of wall space, the shelves were made a little longer than necessary to allow for the expansion of the library. Any construction might have been used, but that chosen was to mortise the shelves through the ends and hold them in place with pins made from a new garden-tool handle. A piece was cut from the side of each peg with a saw to give a wedge-like effect for drawing the joints tightly to- gether. If the book-shelves are to be painted, white pine or whitewood can be used; or if the wood is to be left natural or stained, use oak or ash.

Shop Holder for Magazines \/ Ss making "7 something in the shop from an article in POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY I find the best way to prevent the mag- azine from getting soiled is to hang it above the bench with the type of trousers hanger

A trousers hanger

shown.—H. E. B. holds magazine open

4 Flashers, Transformers, Practical | jAndels Handy Book of Electricity! Management. ModernApplications SE oR alors a2 bicinred Sieve Sewicinnts ita C.F. es ee § Maeoved by .............0csccccsccccees 11T34

(This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. —_—<—$—$———

E. Al

Page 97

ber, 1925

newly place ks side ‘tional fitting d the ut the height helves e 84, ged in added, f the

elves plume llowed giving or shelf shelves D shelf books of the shelves ed. As shelves essary ibrary. n used, shelves 1 place 2n-tool side of ige-like tly to- ainted, sed; or tained,

November, 1925 E. H. HARRIMAN America’s Master Rail- road Organizer Wide-awake boys, operating their Lionel Model Rail- road Systems to- day, are preparing to be the railroad leaders of the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

[ION

“Why, It Looks Real!” F course a Lionel Railroad looks real, It is real. The only difference be- tween Lionel and real trains is the size. Lionel Engineers take care of that. They design and build Lionel Railroads electrically and mechanically perfect, so that they run like real railroads. They work from the engineers’ draw- ings and blueprints of real railroad locomotives, coaches, freight cars, sig- nals, crossing gates and the many other railroad accessories. Lionel Model Railroads are way be- yond ordinary “toy railroads.” They are valuable educators. They are help- ing American boys to learn how real railroads are run, how the passengers and freight of the nation are transported. Running a Lionel Model Railroad is exactly like run- ning a real railroad. This wonderful realism can be found only in Lionel Model Railroads and Accessories.

Lionel Automatic Train Control. The greatest achievement in modelrailroad engineering. Starts and stops trains automatically. Just one of the many wonderful realistic railroad devices in the Lionel line of Accessories. “STANDARD OF THE WORLD SINCE 1900” ELECTRIC »IMODEL RAILROAD ACCESSORIES

That’s why American boys buy more Lionel Trains than any other make. That’s why Lionel has been “Standard of the World” since 1900. Lionel Model Railroads and Acces- sories are displayed at all of the best stores. Take father and mother with you to see them and remember: Lionel trains are lowest in price consistent with high quality—complete outfits from $5.75 up. Write today for your copy of the beautiful new 44-page Lionel catalog illustrated in actual colors. It shows the complete Lionel line. Sent free on request. The LIONEL CORPORATION Dept. B 48-52 E. 21st STREET NEW YORK CITY Be sure to send a post card “NF today for this wonderful 44- NS _ page catalog, beautifully il- Se" lustrated in 4 colors. It is ~~. */ EE.

TRAI 103 | OLO} << FOR THE PATENTED LIONEL FEATURES No miniature railroad is come plete without the new Lionel Auto- matic Crossing Gates. Down goes the gate as the train approaches —up again when the train has passed. It works by itself — just , like the real

Lionel “Multivolt” Transformers—Ever-re- liablepower plants.Rus all trains best. A type for every size train.

“MULTIVOLT TRANSFORMERS

NS © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Page 98

104 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY cNOW/ Jer Tuned Ratio frequency. tch = COILS! The only air dielectric Tuned Ra- 95% dio ni iain ~— of — ™~ : * secondary unit is of exact and equ oe ” inductance value. Air-Spaced UseAERO COILS Windings In Any Circuit [Hs only Air Dielectric ries’ | Having Variable Primaries In Antennae Circuits 3 Circuit Tuner ~~ you can build a set and have both tuning dials tune exactly the same—or, you can build a one control set using a gang condenser and know that it’s going to work right. AERO Coils are matched! But—the matched feature of Aero Coils is not their only exclusive feature. Aero Coils are, by electrical measurement and by use tests, among the most powerful, most selective and most sensitive inductances ever designed. They will enable your set to sharply cut through powerful locals and will bring in, with greater volume, signals you have always had to listen to on head phones. lee Build with Aero Coils. You are sure of their superiority 4-tube, sagt im set as is pos-' because that which makes them so is patent-protected. sible to build, Matched + + $11.00 The Tuned Radio Frequency Kit is $12.00 complete Wave Trap Unit with circuit diagrams and instructions. At your dealers Also for Crystal Sets —or direct, if your dealer hasn’t them. Makes an exceptional- ly efficient wave trap | Another adaptation of the pat. pro- tected Aero Coil construction,'$8.00 Radio Frequency Regenerative Kit for crystal set - $4.00 Oscillator Free booklet giving valuable information on radio frequency amplification sent on re- quest. Write now for the “Aero Booklet’’. AERO PRODUCTS, Inc. 217 N. Desplaines Street, Chicago ERD Coil. ° All Aero Coils embrace 3 apatent-protected method of construction which makes possible a far more efficient induc- 5 tion performance than is possible with any other type of coil. WORLD'S FANDIEST (CALCULATOR Only*5 Down if op —___ «ss NEW POCKET SIZE Does work of large $100 machine Buys Any WITTE TAENGEY IE and very simple to operate. ‘= A\ eo | . Latest Model QE=" Nut H uP oe SO} All-Fuel Engine $6 10 H-P. DIVIDES The One-Profit Engine. Sold Direct From Factory To You. TOTAL COST Easy Terms on bestengine built. Burns Kerosene, Is GUARANTEED gf steel, "No: Upkeep on ete Sa0-08, Gasoline or Gas. Change power erybody wi ures needs one. at will, quip wi e Iamous age A SPEED MARVEL neto, speed and power regulator and throttling | Positively the LOWEST PRICED — governor. 2 to 25 horsepower — ALL STYLES. tical calculator on market. New Tria! | Offer, price $2.50, send money order or a ag cE + tog toiey weap ag Engine ADDITION | SUBTRACTION $3.60 Cash ae ‘ip 3) ~*~ on Bg 2 part. Or, if interested, ask for our Log Martti tee, ted. ORDER TODAY. and Tree Saw, 3-in-1 Saw Rig or Pump Catalogs. AGENTS WANTED WITTE ENGINE WORKS i 2227 Witte Building, KANSAS CITY, MO. Baby Calculator Sales Co. , P. 0. Box 1118, Dept. 31, Chicago, Ill. 2227 Empire Buil aa, PITTSBURGH, PA. | 2ée blome Worle Sieg Greeting Cards ‘‘Written” with a Pocket-Knife NOVEL name and greeting cards can be made quite easily by cutting thy lettering and ornamentation into a gp) quality bristol board or cardboard With. sharp pocket-knife. | The cuts are made at an acute ang). to the surface and do not, of course | penetrate right through the card. They simply raise a series of sharp edges, each ie i, Welles | | Mess Photographic reproduction of a unique card in which the lines are cut with a pen-knife | | of which throws a shadow and helps bring. out the design. The effect is show clearly in the accompanying reproduction of a card 314 by 514 in., which was cut jn 15 minutes by Elisha H. Wilkins, of Wallace, Idaho. The straight lines in this decorative lettering are made with single cuts, but the cross lines are worked out mainly by a series of short cuts placed close to gether. The crispness and delicacy of the lettering obtained in this way is surprising and, of course, cannot be appreciated fully from the photograph. Tightening a Wire Gate AGGING gates often mar the appear ance of an otherwise well kept wir fence. Especially is this true when the gates are of considerable length. A quickly made tightener for a gate can by made from a short piece of wire and a stick as shown. One end of the stick is hollowed to con- form to the shape of the gate post and the other end is tapered slightly. A piece of wire is inserted through a hole in the middle {TIGHTENING LEVER Only a wooden lever, a length of wire, anda ring are needed to make thisgate tightener of the stick and wrapped around the fent post. To tighten the gate, the stick is dram§ “+ down and held by means of a wire rill —JONAS J. BYBERG. nt © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

Page 99

cute angle of course ard. They edges, each nique card | a pen-knife helps bring t is show eproduction | h was cut in Wilkins, of ; decorative le cuts, but t mainly by d close to, licacy of the is surprising appreciated Gate the appear- ll kept wir 1e when the th. f wire, anda ate tightener und the fent tick is dravt f a wire ml} ; ————————— 36 ‘November, 1925 IVES Te eugene bya touch of E e engine 9 U f ‘POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY TOU bet - more than ever before Just see the wonderful new features of the 1925 Ives Electnc Trains HE boy who gets a 1925 Ives Elec- tric Train for Christmas will have the most realistic, up-to-date and power- ful train in all the world. The Ives electric reversing locomo- tives’ (Series R) are the only loco- motives that reverse electrically by a touch of your finger. You set this control switch for the speed you want. Then just a pressure of your finger on the button—the engine stops! Another touch—it backs! Only in Ives Trains can you get all these up-to-date improvements It’s a great sensation to see your locomotive reverse itself electrically at any position on the track without touching it by hand. Remember, boys, no other trains but Ives have electric reversing locomotives awith the automatic push button control. Tt isn’t a crude mechanical device on the locomotive or track, but a real electric automatic control operated from the switch. And this year you can have an Ives Electric Reversing Locomotive on O-gauge or 214-gauge track. THE IVES MANUFACTURING CORPORATION Bridgeport, Conn. Dept. E2, 198 Holland Ave. Ives Trains are exactly like the modern equipment of famous railroads. Cars are electrically lighted and at- tractively finished in every detail. Every locomotive has worlds of power and a strong chassis so it can pull long trains at express speed. ‘The motors in the _ lower-priced loco- motives are as carefully made as the big ones and are as powerful in proportion to their size. There is an almost endless variety of passenger and freight cars, electric target signals and semaphore signals withelectrically-operated arms, bridges, tunnels, stations, and the efficient Ives Transformers. Prices range from the $1.50 mechanical train to the big complete $50 electric outfit. 32-page book in colors tells all about the new features SEND for the new 32-page book of Ives Trains and Accessories. It contains illustrations in colors of the full line and tells all about the new 1925 features exclusive with Ives. Mail coupon today with 10 s and. .reverses e ae eee NS Ke cents. Speed.me on my way Toy, department, electrical, hardware and sporting goods stores sell Ives Trains. to Brid you the IVES —_— oe bring Book — Accessories. “‘Fast Mail Coupon” THE IVES MANUFACTURING. CORPORATION, Dept. E2, 198 Holland Avenue, Bridgeport, Conn. Please mail me your new 32-page railroad book illustrated in colors, showing the complete 1925 line of Ives Trains, Locomotives, Signals and I enclose 10 cents (U. S. stamps or coin). r1S] This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. >> Haag yun ike Nt) A a pe — 7a WM: =

Page 100

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

‘& November, 1925

SARGENT

PLANES ~” Sargent Steel Block Plane No. 5206

Sargent Auto-Set Bench Plane No. 714 Be sure the planes you buy come up to Sargent standards YOu may never have to put your plane to the tests that most car- penters give theirs. Neverthe- less you want your work to have the finish that only the best of planes can give. The same quali- ties that make Sargent Planes the choice of carpenters should govern your selection. Sargent Construction: Wear- resisting materials are used throughout. Chromium steel is used for the cutters—an un- usually tough metal that takes a keen edge and holds it. Sargent Performance: Absolute rigidity of cutter, even across and against the grain or over knotty surfaces. and easily made. Auto-Set (the larger plane illus- trated) the cutter can be removed, sharpened and replaced without changing original adjustment. Sargent Economy: Sargent Planes are moderate in cost and prove a real economy by improv- ing work and saving time. Sel- dom if ever do they need repair or replacement. Adjustments quickly In the Sargent The two Sargent Planes shown here should be in every home and school workshop. your dealer’s. Write for booklet. See them at SARGENT & COMPANY, Manufacturers 50 Water Street New Haven, Conn.

tee ome Worlsshop|

Small Woodworking Vise Made from an Old Auto Jack ROM a dis- carded auto- mobile jack of the screw type and some odds and ends, I made the useful bench vise illustrated. Two pieces of hard wood 2 by 4 by 10% in. are cut as shown to form jaws. A hard- wood strip 34 by 1% in. and as long as the jack screw, is mortised solidly into the lower part of the outer jaw and pinned in place. This strip, which slides through a slightly larger mortise in the rear jaw, has a series of holes drilled in it to take a large nail. The nail is placed, when the vise is in use, in whichever hole is most suitable for the work in hand, the purpose being to keep the outer vise jaw from turning and, at the same time, parallel to the rear jaw. A hardwood handle % by 3 by 7 in. is fastened to the jack screw by means of

How the parts of a light screw jack are utilized in assembling a bench vise 3 washers, 2 nails, and 2 staples as shown. The nut for the vise screw, which also is a part of the original jack, is fastened with screws at the back of the rear jaw. After the vise is assembled it is bolted to the bench.—E. D. THADDEUS.

Folding Carrier for Oilcan rs 5-gal. motor oilcans, which nowadays are sO common around

Make More Mone i Get Boice Prices Before You Buy!

Now

Read the Money Making Opportunities on pages 144 to 174 of this issue.

Greater values at lower — with a positive money-back guarantee. Let Boice-Crane bench machines do your work and save money. the Boice E-Z Pay Plan before you buy. 8 Inch Bench Lathe Turns wood and soft metal. Capacity 20 in, between centers. spindle. Can with jig saw, circular sa nd sand disc at- 3 ack, 1-2- in. Jacob’s chuck and arbor for grinding or buffing wheels. 3-8-in. hole thru head: Standard make 1 1-2-in, fat ings. Guaran’ list. Made for F. O. B. Toledo. Circular Saws, Band Saws, Lathes, Jointers and Drills. Swings 8-in. maximum over —. ,H.P. Motor $11.95 110 V. 60 cycle single M. With cord, plug and y < grooved pulley. Bronze - teed 100 per cent. overload. 17, H. P. Motor $13.95 This special offer not listed in regular price immediate acceptance. Prices n ph. A.C. 1760 R. P. Cash with order only. Send today.

Ww. B. & S. E. BOICE Dept. P. S. 11-A Junior Saw A nosety osenie gh meeckine of all-metal construction. in. x13 in. Saws 1 1-2-i rk dadoes5-S in. x 2H. P. motor. to laht socket, Portable. inding, and drilli ng. id witbor without motor and base.

Toledo, Ohio Write for literature, prices and Table 10 in.; driven by Table elevates for ooving. Attachments for grooving, sanding,

IS) This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. farms, can be transformed with little | trouble into buckets for carrying water, feed, and various supplies. To make a collapsible carrier for this type of can, get about 8 ft. of 1-in. hoop iron and half a dozen small cop- per rivets. Cut two strips 5 in. long and two 3 ft. long. These are bent and riveted as shown and a wooden handle added. When not should be folded and stored indoors or otherwise well painted to prevent rust.—A. E. ZIp-

SMALL RIVETS

Oilcan carrier PRICH. in use, the carrier

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ice. tly ries ail. ise, for £0 Ling rear 1. is 3 of wn. is a with \fter the 1 | hich yund little ater, this 1-in. cop- in. 3\it; . are reted and ndle 1 not rier. ded loors well vent ZIP- November, 1925 How to Center Work Quickly for Turning in Lathe By Howard Greene byeleapaada small work in a lathe differs from and is more difficult than centering rods or bars from % in. up. The main trouble is that once the punch mark is made, it is hard to change its position, especially if only a slight adjust- ment is necessary. This difficulty can be overcome and much time saved by the use of a self- centering chuck and a special punch. .The principle is the same as that used in bell centering punches; but if a chuck is available, it is as good and in some respects better and will handle larger work. One advantage is that it makes no difference if the end of the rod is not square cut, although in all cases it should be squared up before being put in the lathe, and the very first turning operation should be to face the end properly down to the lathe center. The chuck has a hole clear through the body. In the case of a 2-in. chuck, the smallest size, the hole is 4% in. Make a steel center punch of what- ever size the hole in the chuck is, and have it a very good fit, so that it will go in Punch used with self- easily but with- centering lathe chuck out any loose- ness. Turn the point in the lathe so that it will be exactly in the center and make the angle the same as that of the lathe centers. Then, if the work is very light, the punched centers can be used without drilling. For good work, however, and for the protection of the lathe centers, it is better to drill, so that the lathe centers will not have their extreme points worn. CLAMP the rod in the chuck, pass the punch through the hole in the back until the point rests on the end of the rod, put the other end of the rod on your anvil or something solid, and give the punch a light tap, and the job is done. For a rod under in. it is better to use the outside jaws of the chuck. Obviously, any work up to the full capacity of the chuck can be centered. The chuck is not harmed in any way, provided the project- ing end of the rod is always supported when using the hammer on the punch. If the chuck is mounted on a plug that fits into the taper hole in the spindle, so that the hole in the chuck is filled up, it still is possible to work the scheme, though not quite so well. A very short punch may be made, merely a cone that can be slipped into the chuck from the front, point out. Then put the rod in the chuck, with the jaws screwed in only enough to steady the rod, and press hard against the punch point. This will make a good mark that readily can be deepened afterward. Using a hammer would be likely to start the plug and throw the chuck out of truth on its mounting. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY I ALL-AMERICAN RADIO RECEIV Preliminary Announcement Model R: Price £909 There will be available this fall a limited number of radio receivers, produced and wired complete in the big, new Att-AmegricaNn factory, and bearingtheworld-famous name A.t-AMERICAN. Many hundreds of sets have been constructed in the A.it-American laboratories. Most of them have performed in a manner which, in less experienced factories, would have caused joyful excite- ment. A few of these sets have shown results truly re- markable even when measured by the Att-American stand- ard; but E. N. Rauland, pio- neer in radio and severest critic of ALL-AMERICAN prod- ucts, shook his head and said “Wait.” And he was wise. If this achievement had not comeuntil next year, it would still have been worth waiting for. But it is on view at the shows. Last year it was our pleas- ure to add to the family of the **World’s Largest Selling Transformers” an audio ampli- fying instrument embodying features hitherto considered Dealers who realize the significance, for future growth, of handling merchan- dise of this character, are invited to write their jobbers or the factory for full in- formation, or to visit our booth at the Chicago or St. Louis radio shows. impractical, outside the labo- ratory,onaccountof their high cost. This new transformer, Rauland-Lyric, has in one season revolutionized the tone- amplifying art. And now, in the same spirit, we offer the A t-American Receiver. A.t-American Receivers embody, necessarily, all the genuine improvements of the past year in radio reception — many of them the especial product of the Att-AMERICAN laboratories. Multistage con- trol through two 360° dials, without gears, the elimination of “body capacity,” the ex- treme of beauty in tone through Rauland-Lyric,and of distance, power and selectivity through At-AmericaNn Straight-Line- Frequency Tuntnc—these are combined with the utmost beauty and permanence in ex- ternal appointments. And yet, Att-AmERIcAN Receivers are not high-priced This is due to the fact that, although only a small number will be produced this fall, the price has been set on the basis of next year's extensive pro- duction. ALL-AMERICAN RADIO CORPORATION E. N. Rauland, President 4215 Belmont Avenue Chicago OWNING AND OPERATING STATION WENR- 266 METERS -AMERICAN Pioneers in the Radio Industry © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. ERS I — ARR

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108 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY November, 1925

— Tones coc

: Druggist Builds Machi 4 CLTRA LOWLO 95 Tools for Detueeenane? Stations CONDENSERS wet can be done by the home ry) » ee worker who has had no special Dont Bunch mechanical training is well illustrated jn On the Dials the work of B. L. Kemper, a druggist of Perham, Minn., who long has been a reader of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. As a boy Mr. Kemper wanted to be a Showing stations su machinist, but never had a chance to qcamched’, 90 hay are become one, as there were no manv- dial using any ordinary condenser. The lecation of the same stations on the same dial Ultra - Lowloss ensers — ‘*spr: simplifying tuning. TENT PENDING Tuning Simplified Now/ Tedious fumbling about for stations is past! Science has been brought into play. Now, with the Ultra Lowloss Condenser you

-VERRIER, can instantly tune in on any station as easy TUNING CONTROL . a \ as turning the hands of a clock to the hour. 4 j : a4 Simplifies radio tun- With one station located on the dial, all B. L. Kemper of Perham, Minn., working at ing. Pencil record a others can be found instantly. Each degree * eS eee oe station on the dial— “ " ely : : ee , ianeaiiet, aieapie tern sue OOegrensiat represents approximately facturing industries in his home town, | the finder to your pencil 3 4 meters difference in wave length, both He found his way early into the drug mark and you get that high and low wave lengths. business and, being successful, has re- a ype “pa | The secret of the new simplification is the mained there ever since. Pg 2 eel new Cutlass Stator Plates found only in Pi ya ae a iar Kouet gear ratio 20 to 1. the Ultra-Lowloss Condensers. Overcomes hobb ‘He — a ak ae vi Furnished clockwise or losses common in other condensers. De- . A anticlockwise in gold or didly equipped small workshop that the silver finish. Editor asked him to tell something about the secrets of his success. He writes as signed by R. E. Lacault, originator of the famous Ultradyne Receivers and _ Ultra- Silver $2.50 Vernier Tuning Controls. Ps ncaa At your dealers, otherwise send purchase age “1 . . I have made it a point never to bor- Gold $3.50 price and you will be supplied postpaid. ‘ue ck det ae ye sta to buy. In Design of lowloss coils furnished with each that way a poeeny pein gone oe condenser for amateur and broadcast wave- Rigg Psis eyo ge tools. 1 . lengths showing which will function most ef- more tools I acquired, the more I en- ficiently with condenser. joyed using them, and the more I used them, the more I wanted. The money PHENIx Rapvdito CoRPORATION I put into my lathe and electric motor, 2 7 a a of course, required a real effort, but (RE) 114-A East 25th St., New Y ork otherwise the investments in my shop did not hurt much, as I bought a tool only when I needed it. rnisseatoneradoret, @ CLUTRA-LOWLOSS uctis your assurance of © : . : satisfaction and a guar- antee of Lacault design. CO N DENSER

Amaze Your Friends With

—_ 4 Ld 4 bd SO outed botd ink; pour blue, brown and_ black ous liquid from a glass of water; make a

s Collapsible Hand Book magic pitcher of bluing; make your f 3 own magic writing paper, your own LOOP AERIALS =| o!Coenisiry | Sear drs" 1esiaPety oe se emcra unior—the pocke nemi- . PSR cal outfit. Get yours now. Order Popular Prices—Remarkable Results Prive | ic iat Guar tad a a Woe Cony of No better loops at any price. Quantity production ents} The Boy’s Handbook o istry; 150 pages keeps priceslow. Handsome, convenient and efficient. — of axperiments, formulae, interesting chemi- LINCOLN 4-POINT TAPPED LOOP ... $8.00 ° information money - ki Built for any circuit where itis desired to vary the in- ———— Jone and BOTH

an ductance of theloop. Exceptionally fine for Superhets. catalog of supplies. LINCOLN me etl me LOOP .. jaune, EMCRAFT oman a ¢ For any set employi io frequency amplification. ‘ 2 For certain —y perhets requiring a center _ “t., te JUNIOR p 115 Washington St. A bench shaper Mr. Kemper is building from le not su: u, order direct, givi a sk ’ : dealer's name. Write for iliustrated catalog PS yebieaate odd Hagerstown, Md. POSTPAID plans published in PopuLAR Sc1ENCE MONTHLY CORPORATION, 224 N. Wells St., Chicago fa

(Continued on page 109)

© This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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November, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

Special Truck Lessens Labor of Lifting Heavy Sacks home gabraga loaded many 4-ton trucks special with well filled sacks of prunes, I ted in ; felt the need of some labor-saving device gist of to aid in lifting the sacks. The result was een a the construction of the simple truck THLY. illustrated. 0 be a This is laid flat on the floor while the ice to sack is tipped on it. Then it is raised by manu-

. Using the truck to load a sack of prunes

the handles and wheeled to the storehouse door. Here the wheels strike a wooden stop nailed to the floor directly behind the truck. As it comes to a sudden stop, the

—_—" truck rises to an upright position without ° 4 any special effort on the part of the e ate to te 1m 1e town. operator, so that the sack can be slid the drug directly on the truck. This saves the back-breaking work of lifting the sacks has bodily.—J. 7 B. . F late her brother seemed much pores. It helps clear up blackheads Kemper discouraged. He was being left and pimples by stimulating healthy work as a Druggist Builds Machines out of things—dances, dinners— _ circulation, and by keeping the skin a splen- (Continued from page 108) and somehow “‘the girl” never had __ clean and the pores open. that the The things I make are mostly tools an open date. His sister knew the Sa : ing about and equipment for my shop. As an pele Easy to Use: Rub it in; rub it out. writes as rmgeog se bs . —— —_ ; After shaving or washing, rub it in or my lathe, which I built myself, the : : . . . work being done on an 11-in. lathe of a She hated to tell him, because it gently. Continue rubbing and it er to bor- make advertised in POPULAR SCIENCE was such a personal thing. rolls out, bringing with it all the buy. In MONTHLY. This is a very handy attach- di kin i ities. ws ated quite ment. The material cost me only about * * # — 7 oo ek yen rv os = ‘ols. The $2 and I had several weeks of real — a ciean, heaithy Skin with Clear, nore I en- ae in banding = The regular manu- Nearly all ae a 4 inclined glowing color. ore I used actured attachment similar to this to have a grimy-looking skin, spot- ‘he money one sells for something over $40. ted with , ce Cae nl roe in , ric motor, This attachment has a dovetail slide : ; Special Introductory Offer ffort, but that swivels to any angle. Together appearance. Few realize that this V3 of 60c jar for 10c 1 my shop |. ware, Ce coe rest, cross slide, and hinders their success in life. Pom- $ ; . on oe nearly any adjustment Twant “i peian scapes sa re Ip S you For 10c we send a special Trial Jar ne of the photographs shows a overcome this handicap by giving os ee shaper that was described in the May, ou a clean. ruddy complexion ciated «ed third of — lar 60¢ 1923, issue of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTH- y . y P ° contents. Contains sufficient Pom- LY. It is still under construction, but a gal oi eian Massage Cream to test thor- P & I believe it is going to be a really good . etait Kone Wie ale ’ oughly its wonderful benefits. is have made a honda, taps, dies, Clears the Skin: Pompeian Massage _ Positively only one jar to a family milling cutters, special lathe centers, Cream thoroughly cleanses the : : drill pads, end mills, boring bars, toys BO"y on this exceptional offer. _ _ kids, real steam engines, and YOUR DRUGGIST HAS IT e like.

The fun that Mr. Kemper, as well as so : The Pompeian Co., Cleveland, O., Dept. 40 many other readers, get out of their home workshops, is within the reach of any one, | There’s nothing no matter how little previous experience | “ite so effective 5 as doing the job he may have had in mechanical work. yourself. Use Gentlemen: I enclose a dime (10c) for % of a 60c jar of Pompeian Massage Cream.

Simply by reading the Home Workshop | Pompeian Mas- Name Department regularly, any man or boy = — who is interested in mechanical work can pr i jl get Address 1ilding from obtain a comprehensive knowledge of cor- | the full benefit. a Monn rect methods. Work of this kind is both City State > <= fascinating and profitable.

© This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6,

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY experts use the Mavdolel Hammer Carpenters, machinists, all men who use hammers to ply their trade usually insist on the Maydole Hammer. They know that it’s common sense economy to buy the best. Whether you need a hammer in your work or ’round the home, garage or farm, it’s the tool you use most and hardest. Any way you look at it, it pays to make it a Maydole. The Maydole Hammer is different from ordinary ham- mers. It’s the result of 82 years of experience in making as fine a hammer as human skill can produce. The head is press-forged of selected steel, tempered separately at each end for the particular work it has to do. The handle is of clear, second-growth hickory, air-dried for years; and it’s put ontostay. The Maydole hasa “‘hang”’ unlike any other make of hammer. Take one in your hand and you’ll see what we mean. Ask your dealer for the genuine Maydole Hammer. We have an interesting Handbook “‘B”’ on hammers for you, if you'll send us your name and address. Tike Tlome Workshop | Unusual Checkerboards Have Attractive Inlaid Borders [SE CREEBOARSS always offer a fascinating opportunity for a display of woodworking skill. Although they cost little for material, they are esteemed highly as Christmas gifts. If. well Checkerboard with interesting corner treat- ment by William Weiss, of Wheeling, W. Va. It is 3g by 14 by 14 in. and alike on both sides. The woods are walnut, oak, gum, pop- lar, birch, cedar, ash, cherry, and mahogany | made and carefully finished, they are | sure to be treasured for many years. | Making a checkerboard is not nearly as | difficult a task as it might appear at first | glance. The usual method is to prepare | ne lengths of walnut or mahogany )\ by | 4, by 13 in. and four lengths of hhiveh or | some other hard white wood the same size. These are glued together, the light and dark wood alternating to form a board 14 by 13 by 1314 in. ety dry, this can be cut across the grain to form eight new strips, each con- | taining nine 11!4-in. squares. These are planed on the edges, preferably with the THE DAVID MAYDOLE HAMMER CO. Norwich New York Checkerboard 2034 in. square, containing 4751 pieces of wood, made by J.C.Stamm, of Richmond, Ohio. The blocks are black walnut and sycamore interlined with beech; the border contains walnut, maple, cherry, osage orange, sumac, and beech. The outside edge, which is oak, also is inlaid. The whole is glued upon a beech base aid of a shooting board, and glued to- gether to form a checkerboard, the odd squares at each end being sawed off. A border then can be prepared and the whole mounted on a 3¢-in.-thick board. Another board of the same thickness is screwed on the back with its grain at (Continued on page 111) Dept. bi : Buynewand 1219 So. a... Chicago, tl. fa |. get a guare © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. November, 1925 USKY and dependable—a Luther Vise sticks with you on any tink- ering job till it’s done. It adds to the fun of doing things with tools and makes hard jobs easy. You acquire downright affection for this work-pal right off the bat! The Luther has a wider jaw spread than other vises of the same size, has a larger steel feed screw, an extra-heavy brass feed screw nut, and panelled slide bar construction that practically doubles the strength of this important unit. Four handy sizes—1¥", 2", 244", and 3" jaw spread. Sold by most good hardware stores. Write for free copy of booklet: “Tighten Up” LUTHER GRINDER MFG. COMPANY °: Department A Milwaukee, Wis, Also manufacturers of Luther high quality tool grinders World Radio ‘*A’’ } and Auto Batter- + ies are famous for ;| their guaran’ 5 quality and service, 4 by years of; . successful manufacture and thousands of satisfied users. + uipped with Solid Rubber Case, an insurance against ; id and be dg "ea save 60 per cent: : 2-Year Guarantee Bond ; in Writing dio Diels at| WORLD Battery ownere ‘‘tell their ; friends.’’ That’s our best proof of saa pmerers formance. Send your = in H 9 *| e| 9 Solid Rubber Case Rad 6-volt, 100 Amperes . . . tery 6-volt, 120 Amperes . 13 . | 6-volt, 140 Amperee . . . - Solid Rubber Case Auto Batteries % ; Watch for] 6-volt,11-Plate .... ) @nnounce-| 6-volt, 18-Plate . .. « ts. 12-volt, 7Piate . . SEND NO MONEY: : : Just state battery wanted and we will ship day order ‘ * is received, by Express, C. O. D., subject to your 3 : j examination on arrival. Extra Offer: 6 per cent dis- $ : coun $ cash in full WORLD ae gf COMPANY 3 : : with order. Ess World. Seeseccesess sc

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ber, 1925 November, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 111 BOWS} Wooden Clamp Aids in Holding Long, Thin Ceiling Boards tie man can put up long, thin ceiling boards 12, 16, or even 18 ft. long in awkward places, as under a porch roof, by using one or more clamps made as shown. | EZ Zz CLAMP HOLDIN' Yo BOARD FoR NAILING ~ ather tink- adds tools F You The board to be nailed is held in position this for nailing by one or more of the clamps Each clamp is made of 3 pieces of ceiling oe or other wood of the same thickness, Pes about 18 in. long. The center piece elled serves as a handle and spacer; the other cally two pieces are arms, which hold the rtant board to be nailed in place against those a_i already fastened.—GEORGE T. BROSKI. 200) Tri-Pin Game for Children oe HILDREN have a vhinwind of on WP Rewe’sS a2 Real Thrill with the novel tri-pin game il- “ ; lustrated. The player rolls a wooden wy r) § — ball swiftly into the trough so that it HD trying a Ne Hook Up! travels completely around the guard rail and, passing beyond the end of it, re- bounds across the board. A fast, lucky shot, in traveling back and forth across the board, may knock down all the pins. The score, of course, depends upon the VERYONE in the family is eagerly waiting to hear the new set. After hours and Bradleyswitch—Periect hours of drilling and soldering, the Battery Switch set is nearly ready for its first | crucial test. Will it meet with your expectations or will it be a disappointment? That depends upon two things—first your workmanship, and second, the quality of the parts used. METAL STRIP 3-0" DIA. WOODEN BALL 2” DIA Bradleystat—Perfect Good workmanship is the result of patience, Ritsent Control but good parts are assured only by demand- for all Tubes ing well-known, guaranteed products, such as Allen-Bradley Perfect Radio Devices. Allen-Bradley products are known the wotld over for exceptional performance and fine appearance. They eliminate the hazard and disappointment that follows the use of Bradleynier—Periect inferior radio products. Vernier Knob Ask you dealer for Allen-Bradley Perfect Radio Devices if you value your time and labor. They always work! 'Ye'X3" WOODEN GUARD RAIL The ball is rolled swiftly into the trough to knock down as many pins as possible number of pins knocked down in the course of the game, the contestants taking turns in rolling the ball. The playing board is 34 in. thick and ee ee -B Co. 3 ft. in diameter, reinforced underneath ELECTRIC CONTROLLING APPARATUS with two cleats. The rim and the trough are bordered with a strip of 1% or 3/16 in. 293Greenfield AB Milwaukee, Ave. = Wis. Manufactures of Graphite Disc Rheostats basswood, which should be soaked in hot for over 20 Years Bradleyometer—Perfect Potentiometer water to make it bend easily.—D. W. C. Unusual Inlaid Checkerboards (Continued from page 110) (=. = .. ee Corse 7 : - . -Br ee gai angles, so as to resist any tendency Resdieneten—Porlon Use 1 Arlen 7entiels -“ poem 0 warp. ’ Adjustable Resistor Allen-Bradley { 298 qwaukees atest jiteratut The use of a border gives a chance for y Mt i YOuh en: originality in treatment. Inlaid borders Perfect ‘ Pie omplet® Devices: are especially attractive and they can be Radio Book Pest prepared easily by the methods outlined Devices ‘ _poweee® in the article, “Simple Method of Making Beamayanie~ Periees 1 Name x iy ixed Resistor 1 ewes Inlays for Your Homemade Furniture 1 os ake (POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, August, GEESE oe ee, Address (re page 98). \see=™ IS] This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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“ATKINS” Always Saves YOU Time, Labor and Money IX any timber country— on the farm, all over mm the world, wherever tim- ber is cut—‘ATKINS” POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY means the only saw that is “Segment Ground”’ to cut easier and faster, the only saw made of “Silver Steel” to hold its edge longer and give added service and value. Remember — it saves time, labor and money to buy an ATKINS Silver Steel Segment Ground Cross Cut Saw—a saw f you can depend upon. It will pay you to look for the ATKINS ‘name on the blade of any saw for cutting wood or metal. It means the finest materials, tempering and workmanship—greater value_in service and satisfaction. Ask YOUR Hardware Deal- fT er for genuine ATKINS Saws. Look for the name on the i blade. We will gladly send you our booklets, ‘The Saw on the Farm” or “The ATKINS Cross Cut Saw Book.” E. C. ATKINS & CO. Established 1857 LeadingManufacturers of Saws,SawTools, Saw Specialties and Machine Knives. © INDIANAPOLIS, U. S. A. SAWIS “Seyi. How to Hang Storm Sash (Continued from page 69) sill, and the other one giving the width. If more than two sash are to be hung, it is worth while to make a planing “jack” to hold them. An old board from 6 to 10 in. wide, and from 8 to 10 ft. long can be converted quickly into a jack as shown. If no jack is used, the sash may be placed against the porch steps for planing. . The sides of the sash are fitted first. If 3/16 in. or more must be removed from each side, cut off the surplus wood with a ripsaw. Stand the sash in the frame to check the width and then place it in the jack and plane each side as required. Fit one side at a time. Bevel each edge slightly toward the inside and allow at least 1/16-in. clearance. When the sides are fitted, stand the sash in the opening and with a block that will reach just above the bottom of the lower rail, gage a pencil line by sliding the block and pencil along Hooks and eyes or ventilating fasteners are needed at the bottom of the storm sash the sill. bevel on both edges to correspond with the slant of the sill. Saw off the bottom to the proper bevel. Crates or boxes will support the sash for sawing if you have no sawhorses. Again stand the sash on the sill and mark the length. Saw off the top and, if necessary, remove more wood by planing until the sash fits properly. Screens and storm sash are suspended from the same hangers. If the hangers are not attached already, screw them on the frame directly above the middle of each sash stile or side piece. The sash then is forced slightly against the top of the frame by inserting a chiseb or thin wedge beneath the bottom rail. Fasten the eyes in place, using an awl or an automatic drill for starting the screws. One or two 2)4-in. screw hooks and eyes will hold the sash securely at the | bottom, but a fastener such as shown | above is better in that it permits ventila- | tion, if the storm sash, as often happens, has no ventilator in the lower rail. On fixed windows, such as stair lights | and door side-lights, the storm sash are held in place with small metal buttons. The simplest method of numbering storm sash and screens is to mark them with Roman numerals cut with a %- or l-in. chisel. Start at one corner of the building and number them consecutively to the right or left. A few of the screen rabbets may be marked to correspond to give a key to the scheme of numbering, in case the order is forgotten. If pre- ferred, nails with numbered heads may be used. With the same block, mark the | November, 1928 your set safe with a be ad away with the old messy jumble of battery wires behind your set and substitute a Belden Radio Battery Cord. It has five rubber- covered, cotton in- sulated wires, each color- coded, and enclosed ina compact brown braid. Every set owner improves his set by using one of these hand- some cords. Eliminate the danger of short circuits be- tween battery wires and the possibility of burned-out tubes, All leading radio dealers carry Belden Radio Battery Cords. They are distributed in individual car- tons, plainly marked for your pro- tection. Be sure you specify Bel- den. It is _— Be — scenes yoursafe- (¢Peeesennnens me > guard for aS eT Dy quality. : Send for Free Illustrated Booklet Belden Manufacturing Company, 2304-F So. Western Ave., Chicago. Please send me your latest illustrated booklet, free, describing Belden Radio Products and their use in radio work. MONS 5a 5 dads 's os 01010 eine bie'e1s wa vies 6 This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. i a ena RE eh sia li : SAVE 1/3 TO 3/2! __ Everything in Radio WRITE FOR CATALOG—FREE RANDOLPH RADIO CORP. 159 N. UNIQN:AV. Dept. 3. CHICAGO, ILL. RAP CAINS FRE RADIO CATALOG & GUIDE of newest ideas, over 100 specia! hook-ups with illustrations. Shows savings up to 50% on standard radio parts, sets, kits. Be sure to get this thrifty book before you buy. Wonder- ful? Wnusual? You'llsay so. Write letter or postal NOW. BARAWIK CO., 103-122S. Canal St., CHICAGO, U. S.A EN ee ie ie ee. mea ieee ee” eed, i i, Ok, a a

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te ed , ideas, ations, ‘onder= NOW. 1.5. a 2 Ojo) How to Make Best Use of Glue (Continued from page 74) filled with water and heated over a gas- purner or stove. There are more ex- pensive pots heated by electricity. Good bristle glue brushes with brass ferrules cost from 60 cents to $1 each, according to size. The dairy type of thermometer costs about $1. Carriage- makers’ iron clamps and carpenters’ hand screws cost from 40 cents up. The various utensils used with glue should be cleansed carefully and fre- quently with boiling water. Small amounts of spoiled glue remaining in the glue-pot or on the brushes greatly weaken and sometimes ruin fresh glue. When liquid glues are set aside after use, the containers should be closed tightly. If through evaporation the glue becomes too thick, dilute it slightly with clean, warm water. Do not use vinegar. Ground, flake and sheet glues should be kept in a clean, dry place, preferably in a tightly covered container of some sort. ; In preparing dry animal — glues, the glue should be soaked until soft in clean, cold water. It always should be stirred into the water to insure complete soak- ing. Sheet glues should be allowed to soak at least 12 hours; flake glues, from 4 to 9 hours, according to thickness of the flakes; and ground glues from 2 to 4 hours. It is advisable to let them all soak overnight or prepare them in the morning if they are to be used during the evening. The amount of water depends upon the grade of glue. The water-taking quality of hide glues varies from 114 to 3 parts of water to 1 part of glue. Medium grade hide glues take 214 parts of water to 1 part glue by weight. While bone glues are not recommended for wood jointing, sometimes they are used and they take only from 1 to 1% parts of water. Both hide and bone glues have a wide range of grades, but it pays to use the best glue obtainable. It always is best to weigh the glue and water each time after the right proportion has been determined. Glue cannot be prepared by guesswork. Animal glue should not be too thick. It is necessary for glue to penetrate into the articles to be glued in order to bind them together. If too thick, it jells on the surface. A pair of scales were not mentioned in the list of equipment as they are expen- sive. The local store usually will allow you to weigh your glue. After soaking, the glue should be dis- solved in the glue-pot. If the soaking is complete, the glue will melt readily. If all the water has not been absorbed, leave it with the glue in the pot. Be sure there is water in the jacket of the pot. (Continued on page 114) Liquid glue should flow freely from a stick or brush to spread easily POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Hear This Innovation in Radio Receivers! The Grimes radio is the supreme achievement of the world-famed Engineer, David Grimes. These are sharply selective sets that tune in the stations you desire, and hold out all others. Distant or local programs are sustained with marvelous clearness and superb tone, just as they are broadcasted, without annoying interference. The Grimes Inverse Duplex princi- ple secures a dual operation of the vacuum tubes. You’ve expected something new— something that would give real pleasure—by all means hear these sets! These are products of the DAVID GRIMES RADIO & CAMEO RECORD CORP. 1571 Broadway, New York City © BABY GRAND MODEL A three tube duplex set using UV 199 Tubes, in a two tone mahogan cabinet, housing all batteries...... $59.50 RENAISSANCE MODEL A six-tube set operating on 4 tubes. super- selective Radio with a rare Tonal quality. In two tone mahogany and walnut cabinet, con- cealing batteries..$100 EMPIRE MODEL Exceptional distance range. Built on the same circuit as the Ren- aissance with twin cyl- inder coil straight line condensers and super power switch. In 1/th Century French Cabi- net housing all bat- RE UPEB b.a. 5 6s: «0:60 $100 Prices of Sets Exclude Accessories GRIMES LOUD SPEAKER $25 A real triumph—a speaker with the tone of a nightingale. Non- metallic in composition with a super-sensitive mica diaphragm that eliminates distortion. 113 i" YOU CAN BUILD THIS IDEAL _, WORK-BENCH — YOURSELF © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. Tue pleasure of working with tools at home is greatly increased if you have a strong substan- tial bench with a good vise. One that also has drawers and tool cabinets is a constant incentive | to keep tools in order and give them the care and attention they deserve. A blueprint of the Home Workbench illus- trated, with full size details and bill of materials may be obtained by sending 25 cents to — POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 250 FOURTH AVENUE NEW YORK

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY She Can Do It Herself With Klein’s! Most men are fussy about their tools —but no need to worry if she gets your Klein’s. They stand up under any- thing! Fact is, there isn’t a job they wont tackle. Ifyou haven’t a pair now—drop in at any hardware deal- © ers and handle a pair. You won't let go! & Sons Mathias ap perts!, | |[inocn ms nuock oFF yy, ne Cabinet | were only able to ‘‘Knock the block off’’ of the man o Shop Special or the thing that stands in your way. No.7 AND U CAN! It’s all just a matter of having PHYSICAL VIGOR AND FITNESS. My unusual Building and sical Fitness bodies for old. down, pepless, women under their condi- ing them by homes, all how to get sical perfec- after. Most of or middle- were getting until I took HOME COURSE OF MUSCLE AND BODY BUILDING (AND BOXING) Many are studying my _ course learn the MANLY ART OF BOXING AND SELF DEFENSE. Many are getting BIGGER MUSCLES—hbuskier System of Muscle Promoting Phy- is giving men new I am taking run- forlorn men and my wing,studying tion, and instruct- mail, at their own over the world, the pink of phy- tion they are them are young aged men _ who prematurely old them in hand. . bodies—larger limbs—heavier necks, arms, chests—as You ought to have this handy a result of the scientific steps cf development which ~ ; ee out to them. ej many -" ayo | ahead in business as a result of renewed pep an Parks in your shop! vitality, the singing, tingling body, which my physical culture course has given them. A compact, complete machine designed just Remember—that I didn’t always have the perfect like a big production outfit at one-fifth the body I now have—once I was skinny and weak. I cost. Nothing extra to buy. — oad achieved the pn ge yaaa aanetenents of the 1 erating from any light socket orld as a result of first IG re 5 coon your basement. Does PERFECTION for myself. What I did for myself I can do for YOU. any kind of cabinet and joinery work. Cir- It is impossible to tell you all about my methods, cular saw, jointer and bandsaw on per- here. If you'll just send me your name and address manent all-steel frame. Add lathe shaper on the little slip printed below, I will send you, free of and other attachments at small cost. You charge, my wonderful booklet, ‘“‘Now I Can Tell can make money with this Parks! Write 4 You,’’ which tells you just. why you should enroll for circular under my personal instruction. Let me send you 0 e oo 9 gg for it NOW—THIS ° ° I ~—there’s no obligation. The Parks Ball Bearing Machine Co. 7 ‘ 8 ‘ BENN Y“LEONARD 1547 Knowlton St., Cincinnati, Ohio Undefeated Lightweight Champion of the World Canadian Factory: 200 No‘re Dame East, Montreal, Canada 123 W. 31st St., Dept. 24-N, New York, N. Y. Send this coupon NOW—for my free booklet—no obligation i Benny Leonard, Dept. 24-N, 1 123 W. 31st St., New York City . Please send me your free booklet, ‘‘Now I Can Tell ] ih £ You,” without placing me under any obligation. u I enclose 10c. (in stamps or coin) to cover cost. | al : | ew eae 2 | y Name ha at tad ati Age...--------- N ovember, 1925 dé? ome Worsham How to Make Best Use of Glue (Continued from page 113) Place the thermometer in the glue and be sure the temperature does not rige above 150° F. Glue does not have to be “cooked” to make it sticky. Heat is simply to dissolve it and to keep it liquid. When the temperature rigeg above 160° F., glue rapidly loses strength and if this temperature is continued for some time, the glue is ruined. Casein glues of good grade usually are prepared by stirring rapidly 1 part of glue into 2 parts of cold water by weight. Continued mixing is required until all lumps are broken up. The mix. ture should stand from 15 to 30 minutes for the completion of the chemical action, Only enough glue for the day should be mixed, as these glues become solid like a piece of cheese after about 12 hours. The preparation of the articles to be glued is important, especially if wood, Brush the glue on vigorously and be sure to cover well all parts of the joint The joint should be clean and dry. No wood that has not been thoroughly kiln dried should be used with either animal or fish glues. Wood not thoroughly dried can be glued with casein glue. The wood should be jointed perfectly before applying glue. Uniform contact between the two pieces must be assured. When repairing furniture and other articles that have been glued previously, scrape away all old glue and have the joints perfect again before gluing. In cold weather it always is well to have the parts warm before applying the glue. Animal glue sets quickly and if it jells before the wood comes together firmly, the joint is worthless. When the wood is warm, it retards the ‘‘set’’ and gives the glue a chance to penetrate. When prepared liquid glue is applied to a joint, it is quite possible to obtain good results by giving one coat of glue to the parts and pressing them together im- mediately. This is the common way of using liquid glue, but it is not the best way. A little additional pains will insure a very much stronger joint. First apply a thin coat of liquid glue and allow it to penetrate into the wood. It is not necessary to thin or dilute the glue; simply brush it out thinly. Then apply a second coating and allow the glue to become “‘tacky” to the finger before pressing the joint together and tightening the clamps, hand screws, wedges, or whatever means of pressure is to be used. (Continued on page 115) (OODWORKING | MACHINES || ieee ee © This seal on a radio or tocol advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARCS. See page 6. eet, a i - a. pe ii ale a ee

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‘trength ued for ally are 1 part ater by ‘equired he mix- minutes | action, ould be d like a rs. s to be f wood, ry. No hly kiln - animal ly dried verfectly contact assured, |. d other viously, ave the to have he glue. it jells - firmly, 1e wood rives the yplied to 1in good e to the her im- way of the best ll insure uid glue le wood. lute the . Then the glue r before ghtening dges, or be used. November, 1925 = POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY G72 biome Workshop | How to Make Best Use of Glue (Continued from page 114) In using hand screws, keep the jaws parallel with the wood and use moderate pressure Liquid glue should not be heated except in cold weather when it has become chilled and is too thick. If the glue then is warmed or heated to a temperature not exceeding from 100 to 120 deg. F., it is in no way injured. It is a common custom when liquid glue is purchased in a can to place the container with the chilled glue in a. pan of hot water. It soon becomes liquid enough to apply on any material. When hot animal glue is used, coat the wood freely on both sides of the joint, press the parts together, and clamp im- mediately. When glued wood is placed in the clamps or presses and these are set up, the surface glue is squeezed into the wood as well as out to the surface of the joint. If the proper pressure is applied, the surplus glue is eliminated—that is, the surplus that is not pressed into the grain of the wood. When a joint is broken, no surplus glue should appear on the broken parts. The glue should be forced entirely into the wood or squeezed out. Casein glues should be applied to both sides of the joint and clamped. Plenty of time can be taken to do this, as these glues set slowly. It is well to wipe off what- ever surplus glue is squeezed out in clamping, as casein glue dries like flint. In setting up wood in the clamps or hand screws, only enough pressure should be used to bring the two pieces firmly to- gether. Too much pressure squeezes most of the glue out. The wood should be allowed to remain in the clamps 24 hours in a dry place. There are many other purposes for which glue can be used in the home work- shop, such as for sizing different materials to give them body ard also to cover a surface so other materials to be applied will not penetrate. Much liquid glue also is used in the preparation of plas- tie art clays. The suggestions given here have been proved by many years of technical and practical experience. If good glues and materials are used, success is certain. Experienced woodworkers will note that Mr. Spencer has made no reference to the so-called “‘rubbed’”’ joints. The Omission is intentional. He believes that the method is contrary to all the rules of g00d &luing and should not be Practised. The new five ampere Tungar—at the same price as the old—means a quick @ charge of all kinds of storage batteries, —It is more silent than ever. —It cannot burn out Radiotrons. —It cannot create radio interference. "The Tungar is a G-E product developed in|the great Research Labora- tories of GeneralElectric. Two ampere Tungar (East of the Rockies). $18.00 Five ampere Tungar (East of the Rockies). $28.00 69 cycles—110 volts —It is ideal for auto batteries— and charges 2 to 6 volt radio “A” bat- teries, or 24 to 96 volt “B” batteries, - in series — all without attachments, TUNG AR~—a registered tradem ark—is found only on the genuine. Look for it on the name plate, Merchandise Division General Electric Company, Bridgeport, Conn. GENERAL ELECTRIC NEW VEST POCKET ADDING MACHINE ADDS - SUBTRACTS MULTIPLIES - DIVIDES Does all the work of a $300.00 machine, yet fits the vest pocket, Easy to operate —does any kind of figuring ina jiffy. The © x neatest and best constructed portable adding machine made. Counts Clear Ug to 999,999,999 Total visible at all times. A pul’ of the finger clears it. Invaluable to anyone who uses figures _ Saves many times \its cost by preventing ey \ end no money. = A\ 10 Days’ Trial Just name and fal address and we will send machine post- Mali paid. Pay postman on delivery $2.95. Use it i) 10 days to prove it does all we claim. Your this = Reliable Adding Machine Corp., Dept.158 ———— 184 W. Washington St., Chicago, Ill. AGEN ¥ % Here's a money maker. Everybody wants one. Snlen: id profit. Write for special offer, © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page +. $s MANY EARN 2 an Hour! for Your Spare Time |; ora Real Business Now — later a Fur Shop of Your Own. Learn “Furcraft; Learn by mall, evenings at home, Make up new furs and make old furs like new. Learn fur repairi =~ Free Book -. Bi rtunity pon ne Bag first. = oe free beak ans i8 money in Fp Tay money now in your

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+RECTIGON = clear radio reception ARK back to your old arithmetic and those busy boys **A’’ and il | re vind then he got a story in the Post Hs wife knew he could write, but somehow he had always lacked the confidence or initia- tive to try. Two years ago she gave him a Corona for Christmas, and, little by little he began to write. His first attempts were rather crude and promptly came back from the publishers. But he persevered. Editors began to take an interest —to point out his faults. A story was accepted, then another. And at last he had a thrill of seeing his name in the Saturday Evening Post. He had arrived. Is there someone in your family who should be developing a talent for writ- ing? Get him a Corona—the standard typewriter for writers—portable, sturdy, easy to use. The latest model has the standard, single shift keyboard, and may be purchased or rented oneasy monthly terms. Look for Corona in your phone book or write the Corona Typewriter Com- pany, Inc., 112 Main Street, Groton, Cr STANDARD KEYBOARD Tests Show Ford Can Run 41.4 Miles On Gallon of Gas The amazing fact that a Ford can run 41.4 miles on a gallon of gasoline was recently brought to light through tests con- ducted by America’s fore- most engineers. Great strides have already been made in this di- rection by the recent invention of a_ simple attachment which can be installed in a few minutes without any alterations to motor. A. C. Winter- burn made 41.4 miles on 1 gallon of gasoline after this device was attached. B. O. Weeks, famous aviator and _ in- ventor, wants agents A and will send sample for trial. Write him today at 426-1514 Eleventh street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

4

ey ee ee

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‘ember, 1925 ‘

>ARD

| hiles Gas 41,4 miles rought to

| Eleventh

November, 1925

Pe ome Workshop | Tripod for Hand Camera Made from Hardwood Strips bere photographers who wish occasionally to use a tripod can make one at a trifling cost. Maple or any strong wood may be used. Six pieces 34 in. square and .27 in. long, with the corners slightly rounded, are required, as well as three pieces 30 in. long. The latter are tapered and fitted with a brass cane ferrule and a headless spike in the end that is to grip the ground.

in. sticks 4 in. from the upper end to take a brass plate 14 by 134 in. Slots also are CAME

The completed tripod, and dia- grams revealing the simple con- struction of the joints and of the cap piece cut in the lower ends of the 27-in. pieces. Each of the three legs then is put together as shown by means of a brass plate and three screws, forming a hinged joint. A steel or wooden pin is inserted through the upper part of each of the lower legs and engages corresponding holes in the upper pieces when the tripod is set up. The tripod cap is a hexagonal block 1 in. thick with sides measuring 134 in. It is covered with a piece of galvanized iron bent as shown and drilled to receive the six pins that are used to fasten the legs to the cap. A nut is set into the wood on the under side of the cap to takea 14-in. stove bolt, which will screw into the tapped hole to be found in a kodak.— Mrs. RutH D. SHULTIS.

Commodious Clothes Locker (Continued from page 116) sanded, the locker was given a coat of flat black. Then the cracks and holes were puttied and a final coat of flat black completed the work. As old kitchen safes of this type often were made of a good grade of oak, a piece remodeled in this way usually may be finished with stain, filler, and from two to four coats of flat varnish, if preferred. It also might be finished with tinted enamel or wood lacquer. Some such old pieces, indeed, could be made into excellent china cabinets if sufficient pains were taken

with the remodeling and refinishing.

A slot is cut through each of these 30-

After the old finish kad been removed | and all the wooden surfaces had been well |

r1S] This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Is your radio on a TG ey rn Er d 117 Street? Popular uses include— radio “A’”” gas engine ignition HAIN tractor ignition starting Fords firing blasts heat regulators doorbells buzzers ringing burglar rms protecting bank vaults calling Pullman porters motor boat ignition telephone and telegraph i simi lighti and a eo ea Pha ‘ourbuldings a ial Hil i wT i er wis 4 electric clocks qT; ‘a ing 7 @ ne >

even a { ri NUT)

> — Eveready ny fh Columbia Hot ny 4 wih Shot Batteries iin contain 4, 5 or : 6 cellsinaneat, water-proof steel case, LIGHT the filaments of your dry cell tubes with Eveready Columbia Ignitors and put your radio on Main Street. No matter where you live, these remarkable batteries are always available. A good Fahnestock receiver, genuine dry cell tubes and Eveready pyirg (lis Columbia Dry Batteries make a trio that’s good pozts on for endless hours of entertainment direct from the Columbia Main Streets of the nation, Eveready Columbias no. extra co you. are independent of all other sources of current. They’re reliable, safe, convenient, economical. The world’s standard dry cell, for radio and hundreds of other uses too, about home and office, farm and factory. Insist on Eveready Columbias. There is an Eveready Columbia dealer nearby. Manitfactured and guaranteed by NATIONAL CARBON COMPANY, INC. New York San Francisco Canadian National Carbon Co., Limited, Toronto, Ontario

The Hawkeye Reminder Clock f It cost money to forget If Whether it is in the Kitchen, |g Office, Studio, School Room or} ® Factory. We can supply you with 4 the reliable, well made and{™ guaranteed Hawkeye Remind- hi. er clock that is ‘*watchful off the time.”” Easily set to one, hs three or ninety minutes and © rings Exactly on the minute when time is up. Prevents Forgetting, and thereby saves Time, mind and money. Handy size, gray enamel finish, hangs flat against wall or sets on table. New Lower Price—$7.50. Makes an Ideal and Practical Christmas Gift HAWKEYE CLOCK COMPANY Muscatine, Iowa. Distributors Wanted AGENTS spxitk Pa PLUG } Just Out— Amazing eggs = Beacon Lite Spark Plugs. You —-a see the flash of each explosion in = the cylinders. Tells which are firi par? a. Ss i as engi were i a5 pak eee 1 > "Geta tea gas savers. pm n money.

Easy to make with new sure-fire plans. Sells on : sight togvery autoowner. Phillips, Ont., - = writes “Srld 2 dozen today 3 dozen yes- = terday. Kush 10 dozen.” Write for FE <1) cial Free Demonstrator Offer and F FREE deal to tatvedacs. — wonder spark your territory. ite quick—today. CENTRAL © PETROLEUM CoMeANY 1631 Century Bu

See page &

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Ss cian inant NAR AD alba hte SU PNET ErtELe Lo a ee 118 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Bay N ovember, 1925 SPECIAL OFFER Made Only to the Friends of Poputar Science Monrury OULD it not be grand to have some good friend tell you how you could easily make $5.00—and by a little more work make many times $5.00? For You For Gwing a little time to PopuLAR SCIENCE MonTHLY If you are one of the many readers of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY who find this magazine in- teresting and useful, who feel that they could not do without it, then we know that you will be glad to tell a few friends that you like ‘‘Popular Science” and that you want them to read it too. We have a plan we should like to tell you about, a plan by which we shall be glad to pay you Five Dollars, if you will undertake a few hours work for us. And if you can devote more than a few hours to our plan, you can make many times the first five dollars. . Won’t you write your address on the coupon below and send it to us today? We will explain the plan to you by return mail. -===SIGN THIS COUPON TODA Y=:*=*== POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, 250 Fourth Ave., New York, N. Y. Gentlemen: Please tell me about your plan by which I can earn $5.00. Name Address Occupation ee fad Home Workshop| Chemistry . Simple Formulas that mn \ Will Save Time em | and Money PLASTER of Paris, which has many uses in the home workshop, may be hardened and toughened by mixing jt with a diluted glue solution instead of water. The mixture also sets more slowly, which is sometimes an advantage. Plaster casts can be made more or legs weatherproof by painting with three of four coats of linseed oil, each coat being allowed to dry before the next is applied, Small casts can be placed for an hour op two in a pan of linseed oil, the oil being | heated to just below the boiling point, Plaster also may be colored. The pig. ments used are the salts of the metals, lead, copper, and iron, either alone or in combination. The plaster is mixed very thoroughly with a watery solution of the salt, and then a little formaldehyde ig added to fix the color. experiment on a small scale should be made first to determine the proportion of salts needed to color the plaster to the right shade and with the desired intensity, If you never have experimented with plaster and wish to learn what interesting Hardening a plaster-of-Paris cast of the foot of “‘Lagopus,”’ an Alpine ptarmigan things can be done with it, get some plastic wax, such as is sold for children’s use in toy stores, and model a medallion with your initials or any design you please. Color a small quantity of water with a trace of bluing and sprinkle plaster of Paris into it until it is the consistency of thin cream. Pour this over the wax to make a thin layer and, when it sets, brush soapy water over it. Then mix uncolored plaster and pour it over the colored layer until the mold is 34 in. thick or more. After the mold is hard, turn it over, pick out the wax, give the inside a coat. of soapy water, and pour plaster into it. Insert a loop of wire in the plaster to provide means for hanging the finished plaque. When the plaster has hardened thor- oughly, split off the mold with an old chisel or screwdriver down as far as the bluelayer and then proceed very cautiously to chip off the colored coating. This will ex- pose the surface of the plaster medallion, which will be a perfect reproduction of the original wax. The plaster may be bronzed and then toned with brown, green, and blue artist’s oil colors put on in dabs, blended, and partly rubbed off.—ERNEST BADE, Ph.D. em A preliminary | © This sea‘ on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS, See page 6.

Page 113

oy Bi, ve mber, 1925 stry nulas that ave Time rnd Money —— 1as many » May be | mixing it nstead of re slowly, ge. re or legs three or oat being Ss applied, n hour or oil being | ng point, The pig. e metals, one or in| ixed very on of the lehyde ig | eliminary | hould be ortion of er to the intensity, ted with iteresting f the nigan ret some hildren’s redallion u please. r with a laster of tency of - wax to ts, brush ncolored ed layer Yr more. it over, 2 a coat into it. aster to finished dd thor- ld chisel ue layer to chip will ex- ‘dallion, tion of nd then artist’s ed, and , Ph.D. abe How to Frame a Dormer (Continued from page 76) Fig. 2. The first step is to remove the shin- gles and cut out the rafters and sheathing and nails driven into the edges with the points or the edges of the heads inclined downward act as claws to grasp the roof. Pull all shingle nails from the sheathing to avoid touching them with the saw. Two inches outside the wall line, saw off, with a vertical cut, all rafters on the width of the gable. The top of the lower window trimmer (Fig. 4) is 2 in. above this height, and the-bottom of the upper trimmer is 2 ft. 5 in. above the lower trimmer, so that, allowing a 2-in. notch in the rafter where it meets the side trimmer, the upper side of the rafter is 2 ft. 11 in. above the line of cutting of the main roof rafters. This allows for windows 2 ft. high. The dormer plates notch into the raft- ers 1 in., rising 18 in. from the base. Therefore, the sheathing must be cut (as in Fig. 2) at right angles with the base line to a point 18 in. above it, where the valley cuts obliquely to the ridge point of the dormer. The general construction of the dormer end of the room is shown in Fig. 4. The side wall plates bear against the under edges of the rafters, as they do in the plain wall described in the second article of the series last month; but the regular studs—that is, those spaced 16 in. from Fig. 3. A roof jack is of great assist- ance in working on a shingled roof center to center—rise to the dormer plate as at A, Fig. 4, and the side trim- mers (B), to insure rigidity, rise from the floor plates regardless of their position between the regular studs. They are notched around the rafters, as shown in Fig. 9. Figuring for a mullion frame for 2-ft. casement windows, with a 4-in. mullion, the side trimmers should be 4 ft. 7 in. apart. Figures 5 to 11 illustrate the method of (Continued on page 120) POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 119 What Car Do You Drive? Whenever you see this box on display you can be sure of this—that the dealer is an expert on the wrench needs of car owners. He knows equally well the special set of Snap-On Wrenches which will make it easy for each different car owner to take the right care of his car. Ask the dealer about Snap-Ons. Learn how to save money on re- pair bills—how to make your car last longer, give you less trouble and better service— how to protect your- self on the road. You will be astonished at the large num- ber of different kinds of useful wrenches a handful of Snap-On Units will make—and [~ how little they will cost. | If you do not know of a Snap-On Dealer, | mail the coupon for details now. i I | i I { { I \ Snap-on INTERCHANGEABLE SOCKET WRENCHES Look for the name Snap-On on each handle and socket—it is not a genuine Snap-On without the name. Factory $ @ e, Us Specitications Tet? Have Fy: Sockegr tect Snap-On H BEA FO ad UTD “= rT trom Which We sens | ar. $ For Each Make ees and Motor Tool Specialty Co., 14 E. Jackson Bivd., CHICAGO Gentlemen: Please send me full particulars about Snap-On Kit for (If interested in Master a ee ee eo a A 2c Stamp —will start you on the road to success. See Money Making Oppor- tunities on pages 144 to Seal Rupture With a Quarter N a can away { er stee! . chafing leg straps and other heavy makeshift de- vices, For a well known American scientist found a new easy way enpport rupture assisted by means of a wonderful little invention weighing less than 1-25 of an ounce. Not only do you doaway with the cbpectionstie pressurean tightstrapping, but you eliminate the ‘‘coming down’’ of rupture 5 snesxing, ead trangulation. So great has been e@ success 0 wonderful device that it BL being offered to ruptured people for Free inspection. Simply drop a postcard or letter requesting free literature to NEW SCIENCE INSTITUTE, 4018 Clay St., Steubenvilie, Ohio lay this Jaz1y- . BANJO UKULELE! Complete Sau Play all the latest song hits im- instructions (ae mediately— Become popular— and a strum- Qa, ae or a Wonderful pro- ming a Same fessional instrument—Made way & . = | aby Kway Swaaee of fine Mahogany-varnish =, Wood, Pure tones. very simple to play ‘N@ SEND NO MONEY. Pay postman $3.98 and postage when delivered. SINCERE STuDIOS @ 24 East 2 ist St. / Dept. 73 New York © FREE LESSON GEARS All Kinds-Small The most accurate made and prices reasonable. We carry a complete line of gears in stock for immediate shipment. Can also quote on special j2 gears of all kinds, Send us your in- quiries. Write for Catalogue 214 CHICAGO STOCK GEAR WORKS 105 South Jefferson Street Chicago Sell The Oversized FIVE YEAR GUARANTEED with each pen. ne MN Bac. %s-0.0.0.0:4,0:0,0 +-éguaiseinn $3.50 Send for AGENT’S SAMPLE at $1.75 C.O. D. plus postage, and complete literature, or send for literature only. JOHNSON PEN CO., Dept. P. S. 117, So. First St., Rockford, IIL Magnified 225 Diameters This is what the tip of a fiy’s leg is like when seen th: rough the ULTRALENS MICROSCOPE Any can i diately start using his Uitralens to examine theed of a razor, the mesh of a cotton shirt, the bacteria in dirty water. No tech- nical i ired, yet hundred of scientists and ment. Gives enormous magnifica- tion andper- fect defini- $7.50 for SCIENTIFIC APPARATUS CORP, — a Dept. 207 Milton, Pa.

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PERE - een ne mt he tear Hello Boys/ Here's the biggest thrill you ever had The New Erector the world’s greatest toy! WHEN a boy has an Erector Set he can make working models of steam shovels, con- crete mixers, locomotives, light- houses, draw-bridges, and hun- dreds of engineering toys. The powerful Erector electric motor makes these models whiz and go. Why the new ERECTOR is the World’s Greatest Toy Erector contains more parts and builds more models than any other toy. Erector exclusive features are: It’s square girders; curved girders; steam shovel; new Erector boiler; dredge bucket; giant fly wheel. Other Erector features are: It’s perforated strips; a great assort- ment of gears and hundreds of other genuine perfect mechanical parts for a boy to build a new toy every day As soon as a boy reads my book ‘One Thousand Toys in One” he will be wild to start building models. Sign this coupon and I will send this new free book about the New Erector, and I will also send the Mysterious Gilbert- scope, a present that amuses and mys- tifies everyone. Super Erector No. 7 - $10 The most popular Erector Set—con- tains powerful Erector Electric motor, new Erector boiler, steam shovel, base plates, curved girders, perforated strips, assortment of gears—473 parts in all and builds 533 models—with dandy 64- page manual in colors. Packed in wooden chest. Price $10. . Other Erector sya Sets from $1.00 to $50.00. A. C. GILBERT CO., Dept. P-1, 112 Biatchley Ave., New Haven, Conn, : Please send your free book, ‘1,000 toys in 1” and also the Gilbertscope to the following address. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY How to Frame a Dormer (Continued from page 119) laying out the rafters. The projection of the roof beyond the side plates should equal that of the main roof. Lay out the top cut as in Fig. 5, using 12 in. on the blade and 9 in. (or whatever value the rise per foot may be) on the tongue of your steel square, and step along the stick with this hypotenuse as many times as there are feet in half the width of the dormer (See Fig. 11). Lay out for the eS pa nG TR sm 2 ‘ “f ares i: ig ‘ ge $ ee U = i a titan Ries Fig. 5. Laying out the top cut on one of the two dormer rafters with a steel square plate notch 1 in. deep, and give the necessary foot projection. Cut the rafter and use it as a pattern for its mate. Tack the two together at top, rest the notches on the plates, and scribe for. the trimmer notches. These cut, nail the rafters in place, level to the main roof for the ridge point, and saw off the sheathing with vertical cuts, as in Fig. 2, after- ward cutting off the rafters as well with vertical cuts 1 in. back from the sheathing so that the latter will have a bearing on the valley rafter. Valley rafters are laid out like com- mon rafters, except that 17 is substituted for 12 on the blade of the square, since valleys make angles of 45 degrees with the walls and, therefore, must be longer. The ends where they meet with each Fig. 6 (Above). Marking the foot cut of a jack raf- ter. Fig.7 (right). How the cut end of rafter appears other, or with rafters or headers, are cut like jack-rafter feet, using 17 for the 12. Nail the valley rafters in place and nail down the loose sheathing ends. Plumb the gable rafters and measure 2 ft. from them to the valleys, parallel with the plates, to locate the jack rafters, which successively diminish in (Continued on page 121) 9 Book =» - yy a a == —“@- e4 ‘ | " E ye) —_— ber’ Sy iy) \ Cc; = date f ar nm a ~ With gases ovey ce five bed seemed Here’s an indestructible device, costin nothing to operate, but positively Saving 20% (often more) of your coal bill. Use less fuel—get much more heat with the CROWN Fuel Saver & Smoke Abater It burns smoke by mixing a supply of red hot air (oxygen) with the gases over the fuel bed. Cheaper grades of fuel can be used; excellent results obtained. Simply installed on furnace door without damag. ing it. Successfully used for 10 years on every type dwelling and _ industrial building. Brings Fire to the Top The CROWN Fuel Saver brings the fire to the top of the fuel bed—that is where it belongs and will give the best heatin results. The fire on top and the fue below is a principle of better combustion; automatic stockers on big boilers feed the coal up through the bottom for the same reason. Distributors Write for our os proposition and_par- Wanted ticulars how you can build upa profitable, substantial business —tell us what you have been selling and we wiii chow you the way to larger earn- ings. CROWN FUEL SAVER C0., 111 N. 10th St., Richmond, Ind. BIG NOVELTY BARGAIN! 10 Cts, See) Into a trunk, under the bed or TSA anywhere, Lots of Fun fooling Qype) y the Teacher, Policeman or © Friends, Barrels of Fun, Va THE VENTRILO, MP 2 little een te in the mouth out of sight, used with above for Bird Calls, etc, Sent with full in structions; anyone can useit, NEVER FAILS, Alsoa $2 PAGE BOOK ON VENTRILOQUISM, Formuls for Secret Writing, 12 Money Making Secrets and the marvelous NOVELTY X-R 4 WONDER 2 ith it you cam apparently see the bones in your fin: m3 NW Jah to pencil, ete; lots of fun ithe this s outfit. Also 10 Big Magic Tricks Free yi with every order. NN All the above | eaten * = by prepa pid aiald - VENTRILO COMPANY Dept. 303 ° Norwalk, Conn. and OLDEST Mail Order Housein Connecticut, X-RAY WONDER rae GEST MOTORCYCLE © This zeal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. LESS THAN HALF COST Ace, Indian, Cleveland, @ WM Harley-Davidson,Hen- Ae derson Motorcycles and (J erent sty! “4 catalog giving our money saving prices, AMERICAN MOTOR CYCLE CO. 2047 W. Chicago Ave., Dept. 1134 Chicago

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years on ndustrial » Top s the fire : where - heatin the fie ibustion; 5 feed the the same r special ind par- you can business lling and ger earn- b with full in Also a 82 Formula for he marvelous relties d oat | ANY alk, Conn. Connecticut, ‘ November, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY fae ome Worlksingp Simple Embosser for Stamping Your Initials on Paper AN EMBOSSER for stamping your initials or other lettering on paper may be made from materials available in almost any home workshop. Two %-in. blocks of pine are hinged to- gether as shown. On a thin plate of aluminum the initial or other lettering is marked out carefully and then engraved by means of any sharp tool such as a miniature gouge made from an umbrella rib or even the point of a sharp knife. A free and informal style. of letter will give better results than one that is stiffly EMBOSSED LEAD PLATE “Wg ALUMINUM PLA UNDERCUT PORTION H ENGRAVED LETTERING ENLARGED VIEW OF GOUGE -LIKE TOOL FOR LETTERING ALUMINUM The embosser is made by cutting an aluminum die and molding a corresponding lead punch mechanical. However, a machine-stamped name plate can be used if preferred. The finished plate is inserted in a suitable countersunk space in one of the blocks and held with screws. The block opposite is chiseled out and undercut as shown and a small opening is made to permit molten lead to be poured into the block after the pair has been fastened tightly together with a clamp. ’ After the lead has cooled and been trimmed where necessary, it will be found that a faithful reproduction of the original engraving can be obtained by inserting a sheet of paper between the blocks and striking the upper one a sharp blow.—L. K. WRIGHT. How to Frame a Dormer (Continued from page 120) length 2 ft. on the hypotenuse of the pitch. For the foot cut, lay off on the side as for a rafter top, and parallel this line with another the thickness of the rafter. Square these across the edges of the jack, asin Fig.6. The diagonal from corner to corner determines the bevel. When the rafters are in place, sheath with 1 by 4 in. stock laid 9 in. on centers, smooth side down, with valley ends cut same as that used on the main roof, and to carry it the sheathing boards should be left projecting beyond the dormer end. Figure 1 shows a simple type of cornice with barge boards supported by V-groove ceiling, a few of the boards of which extend to the first pair of jack rafters to stiffen the assembly. Part 4 will describe the construction of other types of overhang and shingling. accurately. The cornice should be the - A | New Kind of Receiver No Dials -No Panel I \ Built-in Qudspeaker KS 121 c Zi-_ _ANew Conception.of Radio $135 gineer with the French Signal Corps Research Laboratories. To protect the public Mr. Lacault’s personal monogram. seal (R. E. L.) is placed on the assembly lock bolts of all genuine ULTRADYNE Model L-3 Receivers. All Receivers are guar- anteed so long as these seals remain unbroken. stitute a ha Simplicity~ Jastefilly Unobtrusive This new kind of radio-musical instrument marks thecompletemastery of technicalities to the point where the whole range of radio’s re- sources are literally at your instant command. The Ultradyne, Model L-3, supplants the usual “laboratory machine.” artistic table-piece that makes the entrance PHENIX RADIO CORP., CITRADXNE It is a new Designed by R. E. of radio into the well-appointed home eee - es Chief unobtrusive, inconspicuous. It represents inn gadot . Caaee the triumph of art over mere mechanics. al. ‘Weslesch= Bai The Ultradyne Model L-3 fulfills every thing that the critically-minded have de- manded of radio. ploying the fundamental principles of the best circuits, velously simplified. No dials—no panel: Just two inconspicuous levers which con- station-selector. two-toned mahogany cabinet. Skepticism will vanish if you will let your local dealer demonstrate this new modern receiver, A six-tube receiver em- greatly refined and mar- Duco finished, Illustrated folder on request. 114-A E. 25 St.,. NEW YORK: MODEL L-3 SEND FOR THE = came CATALOG Our net price list Fril lire «f avto SM bodies and acce ssories a for Fords at Wholesale ices, Save big money on bodies by buying ee ect frorr Factory. Factory to e Profit 314 W. Ohio St., 4 8. Chicago. lil. FOR FORD—Prices from y 4 u nsumer direct—Pay only International Body Warks, “LIGHTING FIXTURES” Ready to hang. Direct from the manufacturer. Completely wired including glassware. Send for New Catalogue No. 27 (Just reduced prices) Special proposition to Dealers ERIE FIXTURE SUPPLY CO. Desk A. Erie, Pa. RANDOLPH RADIO CORP. © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. ‘| | JARKOGRAF 159.N. UNION AV. Dept. 3 CHICAGO, ILL. BM with THE Protect Your Tools FromTheft. write with elec- tricity any name or design on the h ‘ est and finest tools a nstruments,or any metal, like writing on paper with | }”d mor pencil. Comntett Outfit 3.50 Prepaid Ai here. Interest- ing ilgetrated — ieee. “Write to- y ents wa oS annoee’, PEN CO. 1171-A East Stark St., Portiand, Oregon

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= bie NS ® Vigilance Constant vigilance is the price ofwwan uniformity... and constant vigil~ ance is maintained over Magnatrons. That is why Magna- trons are uniform,and uniformly good... The Magnatron DC-201A, DC-199, and DC-199 (large base) now list for only $2.50 each. Connewey Electric Laboratories Magnatron Bidg. Hoboken, N. J. AGNATRONS POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY November, 1935 MAGNATRON the new tube for 'B batter climinators OTOR $1.50 to $5.50 Many styles and models. Low prices for high quality. Send 6c to pay post- age for big catalogue. KNAPP ELECTRIC CORPORATION Dept. 108 Port Chester, N. Y. Established 1890 P H. Benne Henton, Saxophone Virtuoso, oe uses a Conn LES. : | 2 you master popular tunes in the shortest time with a Conn saxophone; exclusive features make it the easiest of all wind instruments to learn. Simplified key system and improvements in mechanism give you quick mastery. Beautiful tone wins instant admiration. Foremost saxophone stars use and endorse the Conn as supreme. Free Trial, Easy Payments on any Conn instrument for band or orchestra. With all their exclusive features Conns cost no Sendforhandsome ™ore. Write for details, mentioning in- mew saxophone strument. Semester Cons C. G. CONN, Ltd. Superiority. ae! 1132 Conn Building, Elkhart, Indiana G BAND @ NEIRUMENTE G) ‘ 0 $100 in Prizes See Cash Prize Offer on Page 4 in front advertising section | wins tigen iIi~-~n ina SMOOTH-ON No.1 Makes no difference whether it’s water leaking from the hose connections or radiator, oil or gasoline from the supply lines, or gas from a loose exhaust pipe, Smooth-On No. 1 will produce perfect : as tightness in a few min- utes. Use italsofor keeping grease cups, lock nuts and hubcapsfromdrop- ping off, and for perfect . sealing of cracks in bursted water jackets. Get Smooth-On No.1 in 7 oz. or I or 5-lb. can from any supply house. SMOOTH-ON MFG. CO. Dept. 58 A Jersey City, N. J. A Doit with SMAOOTH-ON Wirite for FREE BOOK © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. \ jo) Photographic Print-Washer Cheaply Built of Wood By J. G. Pratt Scientific Photographer, U. S. Department of Agriculture "TBE homemade photographic print- washer illustrated not only is easy to make at little or no cost, but it works on scientific principles and is as efficient as expensive commercial washers. It can be made any size to fit one’s sink and to accommodate the volume of work required. The one shown is 24 in. long, 17 in. wide, and 6 in. deep—merely a large, shallow box put together with brass screws or galvanized nails. Boards are mitered to fit across the corners, as indicated. The water comes in at one corner through a hose from the faucet. The corner boards give the water a circular movement, which, even at very low pressure, is sufficient to keep all the prints in motion. The outlet is cut in the farther end of the fourth corner board. so that as the t 4 eases re The prints are kept in motion and washed thoroughly by the circulation of the water water passes around there will be no tendency for the prints to be sucked into the outlet. In order to show clearly the general scheme of circulation, however, this opening is indicated on the photo- graph as in the near corner. 3 Being low down, the outlet soon clears the tank of hypo, which settles to the bottom. An outlet is cut in the outside of the tank to allow the overflow to drain into the sink. This outlet should be large enough to take care of the water at considerable pressure and placed so as to keep the water from rising higher than within 1 in. of the top of the tank. A hole about 1% in. in diameter should be made through the bottom of the tank and plugged with a cork or other stopper for convenience in draining the sediment when desired. The tank can be painted with tar paint or asphaltum, although this is not essen- tial if it is made of white pine or cypress. Gas Plate Makes an Efficient Heater for Emergency Use N CASE of illness or sometimes for other reasons it is necessary to heat up a small room before steady cold weather has set in and the fire in the furnace or boiler has been lit. When gas is avail- able an ordinary gas plate can be used to heat a good sized room. A length of stove- pipe, with its upper edge scalloped is placed over it and capped with a tin pie plate which supports a pan of water as a humidifier

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ished vater be no ed into rly the ywever, photo- 1 clears to the outside o drain uld be ater at 0 as to r than should le tank stopper diment r paint _ essen- ypress. ient Jse aes for 1eat up veather lace or 3 avail- used to f stove- s placed e plate ras @

November, 19:5

is Triangular Block on Chair Arm Supports Drawing-Board SMALL drawing-board may be sup- ported on the arm of a chair in a convenient position for either writing or sketching by the use of a triangular block clamped to the arm, as shown. The

The board is held at a convenient angle for drawing HOLE IN

wedge-shaped block is cut from a “‘two by four.” A hole is bored in one side to receive the upper arm of a C-clamp. The drawing-board may be fastened per- manently to the block or merely rested against it.—CLYDE E. VOLKERS.

Repairing Pails that Leak N NEARLY all cases the bottom of a leaky water pail rusts out while the sides are nearly as good as new. Instead of soldering over the holes, cut a new bottom from a sheet of galvanized iron and drop it in place over the old bottom. Tilt the pail slightly and use a hot iron to solder around the joint. This makes a neat and permanent repair.—J. J. B.

Strips of Wire Mesh Prevent Gutters from Choking RAs ~~ — > = = W EWES i jy Yy J Uy anh Md G pias

WIRE SCREEN HE choking of gutters often results in an overflow of water that wets the walls and sometimes damages the wall- paper inside a house. A practical method to prevent the eaves trough from filling and clogging is illustrated above. Strips of 44-in. mesh galvanized wire are placed in the upper part of the trough, flush with the top, and fastened with twisted wires to the gutter fasteners. The leaves and trash washed down the roof are caught on the screen and after- ward dry out and blow away. In loca- tions where cleaning the trough is difficult and somewhat risky work, the provision of guards of this kind is particularly advantageous.

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

Reports from Ultra-5 users everywhere leave little for us to add. These are typ- ical of the many in our files and which w_ receive daily. Pennsylvania Hears California Very Low I received the Ultra-5 Set, set it up as directions called for, and received Dallas, TEXAS first station. Will list a few o' the stations received in two WHAS, WOR, is very easy for me to receive Los ngeles, California, loud enough to be heard in any room in the house. W. E. , Union- town, Penna. California Gets New York on Loud-Speaker I have got stations from coast to coast without any trouble at all on Ultra-5, WTAM, Cleve- land, Ohio, comes in on loud speaker nearly as loud as the near-by stations do. I have brought in on loud speaker with ample volume to hear all over the room stations WEAF, N.Y., KDKA, Pittsburg, Pa., WGY, New York, CHCX, Ottawa, WSAI, Cincinnati, WCCO, St. Paul, Minn., WLS, Chicago. S. S. . Dorris, California. Illinois Hears Alaska The night I received the Ultra-

“Dekghtf lly clear tone azing Volume” “Tremend Pow rfl ”

BUILT LIKE—LOOKS LIKE—PERFORMS LIKE A $200 SET NOTICE! Enormous demand for the celebrated Miraco Ultra-5 (resulting from i many extlepiaetic oie, yecommnenetnat ~ to Owe friends) has en- al osts of cos w features, refinemen as bag rors expect to find only on the newest sets selling af there suck higher prices. 123 “Gets 200 to Goo meter, B. Stations coast to coast een “<4 - S uy bettutgfur Ser? te - ony SOR SEND FOR SPECIAL OFFER! CThe°Powerful New ~ AATRAC NTO (FIVE TUBE OUTFIT IN BEAUTIFUL Let the testimony of its, many users everywhere—as voluntarily reported to us in writing—con- vince you that a Miraco Ultra-5 actually is unsurpassed for se- lectivity, long distance range, clear tone, loud speaker volume and beauty—combined with econ- omy and simplicity of operation —at several times the price. Send coupon for plenty of this proof and reports of users which leave no doubt that the Miraco Ultra-5 gets programs coast to coast. Completely built, carefully tested and factory guaranteed by one of America’s oldest and most success- ful makers of quality sets, the Miraco Ultra-5 illustrated above (latest improved model for 1926) in the opinion of radio experts is an astonishing bargain. Selec- tivity, long distance reception, MAHDGANY CASE) clarity and volume have been amazingly increased—*‘B’’ battery consumption is minimized—os- cillations are easily controlled on all wave-lengths, through use of latest radio inventions. Among these are: ‘‘Duoformers’’ (ultra low-loss inductance coils); the ‘‘Counter-Balancer’’ (patented); flexible wiring which prevents broken or noisy connections; an adjustment for different length aerials; use of only two rheostats; a cut-out switch; concealed wiring under genuine Formica sub-panel; beautifully gold-etched genuine Formica front panel; large Bake- lite knobs with ‘‘arrow point’”’ in- dicators (for fine tuning)—and other features of costliest sets. Literature describes them fully. Send for it—and Special Offer!

© This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. 5 I tuned in New York City. The second day I tuned in KFI, Los Angeles, Calif., and KFJ, Juneau, Alaska. Can get anything in the United States. I will put it against any set I have ever heard. H. H.— Ashkum, Illinois. Got California Better Than $269 Se Received the Miraco_ Ultra-5 the other day and it is a big surprise. Compared it with my friends’ 9——and could bring them in just as loud and clear on my_Ultra-5. Really I brought in Los Angeles, Cali- fornia, on speaker louder than he did. Am more than pleased.

OtherMiraco Long Distance Sets $]5 5" Wonderfully improved new models in one-tube ai three-tube Miraco Lon Distance Sets also ready at lower urioesl Powerful new Miraco R-3 at only $27.35 (retail) operates loud speaker on distant gtations. New one-tube Model R is alsoa record-breaker for distance at $13.76. All Miraco sets work on storage or dry batteries, are easily connected and oper- ated. Unmatched values! Let testimony users convince you. rite tor literm ure and Special Offer—use coupon. All the Proof you want is waiting for You! Reports from their hosts of users in every state prove meee ponies thet a factory pelcee gut AGENTS, DEALERS perform sets costing up to ree times as much. n + for latest literature, SPECIAL OFFER and plenty of Viyite for the ner additional testimony from users leaving no doubt that ae prep **Miraco Radio Gets ’em Coast to Coast’’, SEND COUPON FOR SPECIAL OFFER

Kyle . New Albany, Miss. on © Radio Expert Speaks From @RATI ‘ Experience MIDWEST RADIO corporal Cincinnail, 0. As I sell almost all kinds of neer Builders © Sets. TAL OFFER and particu. - regard- sett Li seace char the Miraco MP Send free teratOr SAgent ¢ ) User ( ) Dealer o"Uitra-S is a8 good if not — ing Miraco eee eccccccccoeoceooese® than any other set_in e cocvedgucenssoregse *° market today. Felix J. cae pr eppetatacaaaaalh ts viel linge die Pree seccccccccseese® Pawtucket, Rhode Island. ADDRESS...-+++ ccoqemvieer tr a ge assis 7 “T) eee eeveceeceooo® eoeee 0 6 faa abe ee eeerrre —— Rr LATEST WHOLESALE Fre Cc

ATALOG Simply send name TODAY for big “ The New Colonials” 50 Houses—6 to 10 Rooms—$1 “All American Homes” 50 Houses—7 to 10 rooms—$1

: 48 - pa catalog se re Homes” of latest radio goods at Wholesale. L “West Coast Bungalow Books” E. W. STILLWELL & CO., Architects, 290 Calif. Bldg., Los Angeles 5 to 7 Rms. $1; 3 to 5 Rms. $1 Live dealers and agents wanted. STANDARD RADIO CO., 104 East 13th, Kansas City, Mo. Print YourOwn C 25¢2 Canes, ay yt —. pepere L A 5 S ¢ | N circulars, tags, menus, book etc. Save money and time, cut cost in ft ae: half. Sold direct from factory. BUY DIRECT FROM THE MAKER S i Pays for itself in a short time. c. ATA E oO G F R E E . Complete Outfits, $8.85 up. Emer pin chown mode with ony ® tellers and VICTORS) P Job Press, $12, $35; Rotary $150. Wigures 1 or 2 colors enamel, Silver plate 25: Print fer Cthers Big. Profits. ea. $2.50 doz. Sterling silver. 40¢ ea. $4.00 doz. All any. — eng rite for BASTIAN BROS. CO cata of presses, type, paper, » bu. carder anve opes, paper cutters. 631 Bastian Bigg, Rochester, N. Y. The Press Co., E-33, Meriden, Conn.

EXceLsioR

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Handiest tool in your workshop VERY man who has a home workshop and en- joys the hobby of making useful, practical things for his home, realizes that Glue is one of the tools he uses most often. Perhaps you have never thought of the special advan- tages of using LePage’s Liquid Glue. It is always ready for immediate use. No weigh- ing, soaking or heating is re- quired. Its quality is always the same. It “sets” slowly enough so that you have plenty of time to place the joints together exactly as they should go. Slow setting also allows LePage’s to pene- trate the wood, increasing the strength of the joint. LePage’s Liquid Glue is equal in strength to any animal glue. Buy a can for your workshop. It is the easiest, quickest‘ handiest form of Glue. Insist on LePage’s. RUSSIA CEMENT COMPANY Laboratory and Factory E DAGE'S [E GLUE Gloucester, Mass. In Bottles and Tubes Mae Tone Workshop | Ordinary Bolt Used to Hold Emery Wheel on Arbor LATHE or a set of large size thread- ing dies is not essential for making an emery-wheel arbor like that illustrated or, indeed, any light spindle to which a cir- cular saw, buffing wheel, pulley, gear, or sprocket is to be clamped. The arbor need be nothing more than a piece of shafting of the right size for the bearings that are to be used. A hole is tapped in each end to take a bolt, which, in the example il- lustrated, is 4 in. in diameter. A safety collar is slipped on one end and fastened. Next to it is placed the emery SAFETY COLLAR PULLEY. COLLAR {WITH SETSCREW edeo(] || ie 1 & WASHER" “ : TAPPED I" SHAFT Ye pott HOLE An exceptionally simple method of fastening wheels, pulleys, and gears to small shafts wheel, pulley, or whatever part is to be used. This is followed by a collar or a number of washers to extend just beyond the end of the shaft. The bolt with this washer then is screwed into the tapped hole until the wheel is clamped tightly. The same method may be used for attach- ing a pulley to the opposite end of the arbor.—J. B. How to Finish Cedar Chests pew MAKE a good cedar chest one must know how not to finish it. Recently an amateur craftsman friend showed me a chest upon which he had spared no pains or expense, but it had been spoiled by the application of several coats of hand- rubbed varnish, both outside and inside. This practically killed the cedar aroma. The inside of cedar chests and the aromatic cedar linings of closets should receive no finish at all. If the surface has any objectionable features or the joinery needs concealment, cover the inside with some light fabric fastened with tacks. The outside can be finished with two coats of white shellac applied evenly and thinly, each coat rubbed down with burlap or curled hair.—A. J. H. Spring Clamp for Glued Joints INGLE turns of spring wire cut from an _ ordinary bedspring make fine clamps for holding together small glued joints, such as at the corners of picture- frames. One com- plete coil of the de- sired diameter is cut from the spring and sharpened at both ends.—M. E. S. November, 1925 have you a Cold rooy, wD Air Valves make d cold radiators hot. Attach easily to any steam radiator without tools — need no adjusting — never leak—make no noise. Sold at heating and plumbing stores. Only $1.60. AIRID AIR VALVES make cold radiators HOT Toe emeeees s SAVED on all Standard Y World’s best typewriters with every modesn writing feature at positively lowest prices and on easiest terms ever offered. A Year to Pay—5 Years Guarantee Standard Machines so perfectly Re- Manufactured by the exclusive Young Process that they look and write like brand new. Our exclu- sive, distinctive process makes possible typewriters at lower prices. EE BIG ILLUSTRATED TYPEWRITER BOOK amazing typewriter ee Bn Sa the S areel service we give you. Don’t wait. Write today. Young Typewriter Company 654 West Randolph Dept 142.8. Chicago, tl. © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS, See page 6. _

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Uaranteeg h every ly lowest arantee tly Re- ‘ocess Jur exclu- ble better ITED ooK co we wil

(Continued from page 72) Old Bill Says— OOD work depends more upon the skill of the mechanic than it does upon the kind of tools available. Try to select a tool and a method ap- propriatefor the jobin hand; using fine, delicate machinery and light tools for rough work is never g00d prac- tice. Some men use a micrometer asifit were intended for aclamp. Mysym- pathy is with the “mike.”’ » Make use of every safety device ‘provided in the shop. _ If you have any grouches, leave

themathome;the oq Bill, machine- shop is no place shop foreman for them. It is better to take plenty of time in grinding a milling cutter than to hurry the job and perhaps spoil the cutter by burning it. Fine, hard wheels or heavy cuts are what burn a cutter; very light cuts should be taken and as many cuts as are necessary to clean up all around. If you think you lack new and better opportunities, the chances are you will miss the one you have right now. Keep your eyes open and you won’t need to ask: ‘‘Where’s this?’ and ‘“Where’s that?’’ Aman can be pulled out of a rut, but he must run on his own power after he is out. Easily Detached Stud Driver _ STUD @river that can be detached easily from the stud after it is driven home, or after the stud has been re- moved from the hole, is illustrated. It is made of hexagon steel of about the size of the nut. A slot is cut at the end of the tapped holetotake @. a tapered key, sim- =, : ilar to a drift for i removing taper shank drills. HNN] With the key in 7pepl Pit place the driver is KEY ||S44 turned on the stud \! Hi) SSH ; THRE ADED sa and the stud is it I"

Then the key is knocked out so that the driver is free to turn off loosely.—R. W. CADMAN.

a

driven home. Driving a stud /POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY a w\"' light weight. \ Moti, La / Made in three capacities—Single or Siamese. Ask your dealer, or write for details of the entire AMSCO Line of engineered radio parts. AMSCO PRODUCTS, INC. Dept. G Broome and Lafayette Streets, N.Y.C. SUE RE a RR a ‘kAMSCO ALLOCATING CONDENSER (STRAIGHT LINE FREQUENCY} yk 60 y Spreads the Stations Over the Dial ® AMSCO Allocating Condenser is the triumphant combination of electrical engineering and mechanical inge- nuity. Electrically efficient in un- scrambling the stations on your dials. Each dial degree from 1 to 100 will be found to represent 10 broadcast- ing kilocycles accurately over the en- tire scale—“‘a station for every degree”’. Mechanically ingenious in correcting the fault of other S. L. F. Conden- sers—it conserves space ! low-loss construction. Rigidity with

The new

Scientific New!—a hand- some instrument at alowprice. The A SCO Verniert Dial gives finesse to your fingers. Steps-down 13to 1, backwards or forwards, fast or slow without momentum or back-lash.

A Gerstner Tool Cases are fully RELIABLE. Made so good, finished so neatly, they pleass the most particular men. au, Machinists & Toolmakers Get our free catalog. H. GERSTNER & SONS

523 Columbia St., Dayton, 0.

Leatherette Carrying Case Given with Big 3 Foot Wonder Telescope. 5 sect.ons. siven Brass bound. Powerful lenses. See —_ and objects miles , away as if t were close. Se ee ar, 7 aX boy quest.

EASY TO OPERATE NEAT AND FAST: DUPLICATES enything typewritten, —.. ZA handwriiten, drawn ‘Eyled. ad. 60 come AGENTs wanTED foro AU tvata ICALLY FEED Aus SPREAD TH IN: sizes; Postcard $9.00; 3.00; Letter $17.00. niiite Y for samples of nee 4 loa Five Day Free Trial O, uy DUPLICOPY Mfg. Co., 626 Jones St., San Francisco,

See page 6.

Page 120

hi Trumpets Timbre of brass and thunder of trombone! Out over mountain and prairie, through storm and sunshine, it is car- ried on the waves of the air from the steel towers of the broadcast station. And in your home it rings outclearand strong —held fast to all the purity of the original by the marvelous power of Rauland-Lyric. Rauland-Lyric is a laboratory- grade audio transformer de- signed especially for music lovers. The priceis nine dollars. Descriptive circular with am- plification curve will be mailed on request. All-American Radio Corporation, 4201 Bel- mont Ave., Chicago. ae ill

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

Simply Constructed Frame Aids in Drilling Large Plates T°? ADAPT a portable electric drill for drilling a number of plates with holes 20 in. from the edge, I made a supporting frame as shown below. It would have been exhausting work to have drilled the holes without some support for the drill. The frame is constructed entirely of flat bar iron, each piece 4 by 2 in. by 4 ft. 4 in. The brackets are drilled with a series of holes for adjusting the height of the horizontal bar. The sliding bracket also has holes to allow additional vertical adjustment.

BAR Y2'x2"K 4-4

CH

OR ' NN FLOOR OR BEN ° How a portable electric drill is supported for drilling holes in large and awkward work A coilspring attached to the sliding bracket and the drill lever in either of the two ways illustrated is of some assistance, as it holds the drill away from the work, except when pressure is applied on the lever. The hanger for the drill may be made from a single piece of iron bent as shown in the photograph, or of two pieces as indicatéd in the drawing, depending upon the type of drill that is being used. The sliding bracket is provided with a steel roller so that it is easy to shift the position of the drill in a horizontal plane. The general dimensions of the frame may be modified to suit the type of work to be done.—O. W. MIELENZ.

For getting oil into the several oil holes on a lathe that are at an angle and difficult to reach, I use a high-pressure oil gun with a nozzle to fit the holes. Work that cannot be held in a universal chuck, and, because of a flange or pro- jections, is difficult to set up in a four- jawed chuck so the center will run true, can be adjusted easily by truing the out- sides of the jaws, provided they are all of the same length.—G. T. S.

tS] This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 63 November, 1935 “Make America Musical" The Hohner Harmonica is endorsed: musical and educational authorities as the logical instrument with which to encour. age children to learn music by playing it, ‘The Harmonica was the first instrument Lever knew” says Irving Berlin, national} known composer and music publisher. “It is natural that a healthy youngster should take to the Harmonica, and: the Harmonica it is but a step to another musical instrument and a musical educa. tion. It will not surprise me if the Har. monica becomes a mostimportantfactorin making America a more musical nation,” Anyone i ma wich pagers | =. Frio [nsteecana ae procurable at all dealers. If your dealer i copies, write M. Hohner, Inc., Dept 182 ‘New teat

Wr Fey Sess! Diana rer, se BY A BY Christmas’ gifte—latest WA BiueshiteDia We yf style mountings — priced \ 8. . im rect from Euro you~you save

Rectangular 18-k hite gold, 17 |14-k white gold, Wrist Waten [jewel © $2790 jewels. $22.80 17-Jewel Elein =e: !3— Green, cold, fo Wg geiz,cney ote eit dd e"5 100s, ba mal Diamond Book FREE 5.2%, Wh descriptions of articl fowelty. Absolutely PREM Weve today & =(OFTIS Back” ROS.& CO. Fauw serum Dept. N. HIGAGO, ILL. Nea ie 2 give tn a air i bie WHT ‘ RADIO FANS ier, rice from 7 to 736, every Friday night from 9:30 to 10, central standard time. Loftis Bros, & Co,’s hour of music,

ape may eh Radio Catalog & Guide brimful of new ideas, over 100 hook-ups with information—all free. Shows savings as high as 50% on sets and cuppa Be sure to get this thrifty illustra before you buy. It means money in you? pocket. Standard guaranteed goodes Write letter or postal now. Also please i BARAWIK CO.,103-4225. Canal St., Chicage, U.S".

oa — rere mst oo ete oS

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lorsed: ties as the > encour. laying it, strument ationally ublisher, 7oun and: > another al educa. the Har. tfactorin Nation,” ohner Har. tion Book, r iS Out of New York, POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Semi-Automatic Guide for ‘Ruling Parallel Lines ERE is an easily made device for H ruling a large number of parallel ines at equal distances from each other with almost machine-like accuracy. It consists of an 8-in. disk with a 1-in. sheave attached to its center, the disk being pivoted on a blade of a T-square. A cord or thread stretched between pins at the top and bottom of a drawing- pmes from 30: Ruling lines on a special form by means of a quickly improvised spacing device board is fastened around the sheave, so that a downward movement is trans- mitted to the T-square by rotating the disk. An arrow is marked on the T- square as an index point. Two lines the desired distance apart then are marked on the drawing paper, and, by moving the T-square from one to the other and simultaneously marking two points on the disk, it is determined how far apart the divisions on the disk must be. These RUBBER BAND BOARD "DIA. SHEAVE ; GLUED TO J GRADUATED DISK ARDBOARD ~ ~~ + ~ => >= == | DISK 8° DIA. 4 © ARROW ON q 1] BLADE _ 1 THREAD mon ' =—— & =a ‘ T-SQUARE BLADE) THUMB- TACK PIN ON BRASS PLATE RIVETED TO BLADE Turning the disk from one mark to an- other moves the T-square down one space then are stepped off around the cir- cumference of the disk. Any number of sheets can be ruled rapidly thereafter by moving the left- hand edge of the disk downward with a finger of the left hand the distance of one graduation after each line is drawn. Several interchangeable disks having different graduations may be provided. ONE of the best lubricants for lathe centers is a compound of white lead and machine oil, mixed to a consistency of a thick paste. It lasts longer than oil. etnenemne Distinct voicing of commands at sea. is vital! At left, one of the naval loud speakers produced the Amplion organization and installed on over 12,000 ships of leading navies and ship- ping companies throughout the world, LL who hear the Amplion are won by its wonderful clearness and deep, full, life-like tone-qualities which have made it the world’s largest-selling loud speaker. The explanation is that The Amplion was evolved by the actual originators and oldest producers of Clarity is also essential to full loud speakers. * Long before radio attained general enjoyment of radio. Thirty years popularity, Graham loud speakers had been smsivaled for clearness-af Seems adopted—because of outstanding excellence—by evolved The Amplion. Ask to hear = ye the improved new Amplion Dragon, the exacting British Admiralty and naval experts AR-19, illustrated above. of othernations. The Amplion, introduced in 1920, p= Zr, was based on thirty years of successful experience. The supremacy of The Hear The Amplion in comparison with any or all Amplion has won world-wide other radio reproducers. Let your ears tell you pectin eel ya pr peers. = why it is so widely known as “ The world’s finest hic! ' . c which Amplions are ruling loud speaker.” Amplion Loud Speakers, $12 up. favorites among musiclovers: Phonograph units in two sizes. Interesting litera- UNITED STATES ture and dealer’s address on request. soma CANADA THE AMPLION CORPORATION OF AMERICA Oe Executive Offices: Suite M,280 Madison Ave., New York City NORWAY SWEDEN Canadian Distributors: Burndept of Canada, Ltd., Toronto DENMARK *Alfred Graham & Co., London, England, Patentees AMPLION he Worlds Standard {oud Speaker HOLLAND BELGIUM FRANCE SPAIN SWITZERLAND ITALY JAPAN SOUTH AFRICA; NEW ZEALAND AUSTRALIA rIS} This seal on a radio or tool advertisemment signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE JIMMY DE FOREST = ) am Outfit World’s Greatest Trainer A _——— Will Teach you BY MAIL Six Million Dollars Profits made 7 by Rawleigh Retailers last year! 7 Get into the big money making class. Establish your own business. Sell necessities. Enormous demand. Easy sales, profits big, no experience need- ed. Backed by largest Company of its kind in the world. Best Locali- ties being chosen fast. Write quick for free sample outfit offer. Get busy! Dempsey Every cix Learn How toB uy. In 20 weeks I will teach you all there is to know about boxing —just what I taught Jack champions and great contenders. pions in all weight classes from my pupils. I train them at my own expense at my Long Branch, N.J., camp. Then TEX RICK- ARD, greatest of all promoters, stages them in bouts in his new Madison Square Garden at New York. Send today for my big boo! and a host of other months I select cham- k **The Golden Age of Boxing.’’ Enclose 10c to cover cost of mailing. Greatest book of its kind ever written. Profusely illustrated wi photos of great fighters and fully describes my course and FREE IWLEIGH C OFFER. ere’s fame and fortune waiting for you if you become eke rt] e a good boxer. Get my book and read all about it. JIMMY DE FOREST, Box 714 Dept. N.Y. 9958 Freeport, Ill.,U.S.A. aS 347 Madison Ave. New York City OF STANDARDS. See pag:2 6,

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BURGESS FLASHLIGHTS & BATTERIES POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY OMETHING to re- member is that any good flashlight case practically never wears out. Filled with a Burgess Flashlight Battery, you have done about all that you can to insure your- self against the inconven- ience and danger always present in darkness. Burgess Flashlight Uni- Cels will fit any case you may have. Try them—no better batteries are made. cA Laboratory Product Burcess BATTERY COMPANY Genera. Sates Orrice: CuHicaco Canadian Factories and Offices: Niagara Falls and Winnipeg BURGESS UNI-CEL A) NO.2 live Jigs for Speedily Replacing Wristpin Bushings ARAGE owners or mechanics who are anxious to cut down the time required to replace worn wristpin bush- ings will find that the two jigs illustrated are big time-savers. They are easy to con- struct, made from materials readily avail- able, and will prevent the breakage of pistons. At A is shown the arrangement used for forcing the new bushing into the pis- BUSHING Eb aay 1%"x2" FLAT STEEL PISTON Bw Wn WE io 44 j " Xx oS o e WORKBENCH Se eo New wristpin bushings are pressed in as at A, and old ones removed as at B ton, and at B is the other jig for press- ing the old bushing out of the piston, which is done from the inside. The horn for jig A is flat, and small enough to go into the smallest piston, while the horn for jig B is slightly dished to prevent the piston from slipping when the pressure is applied. A plunger will have to be made for each size bushing, although the same plunger can be used for pressing bushings out and putting the = ee oA M%_ SCREW-12 THREADS = AN INCH BB FLAT STEEL T-BEAM POU, A 2 Cae acm a Vai g yen — al SN} \4 {iy Y ISS S = Me PL WARS ee WS DISHED SURFACE SSS “te SS A suggestion for combining the two jigs, if it is desired to save space SAASAAS SEES new ones in. They should be made a trifle smaller in both diameters than the bushings. While the screw is shown as 12 threads to the inch in each case, it may be coarser or finer to suit shop conditions. To save space, the jigs can be combined if thought advisable into a double-purpose device. —FRANK N. COAKLEY. os © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS Se- page 6. November, 1925 Something New! Just what you need in your tool kit ERE is a handy little clamp, no bj H than your hand, to hold cole uicus for drilling or sawing, and dozens of other jobs that invariably turn up. _ The Jorgensen Steel Spindle Hand Screw is far superior to wood-spindle ‘or all-metal clamps. The steel threads will not strip break, or swell when exposed to dampness, Smooth or polished surfaces are not injured by the oil finished hard maple jaws, The spindles operate in steel swivels, a feature which allows the clamp to grip straight or angular work with equal facility, and when it takes hold it does not let go. Send for this handy time and trouble saver today! Make your tool kit complete! If you are not entirely satisfied, your money will be refunded cheerfully. MANUFACTURERS NOTE: _ Jorgensen Steel Spindle Hand Screws are made in all types and sizes, from 4”’ to 24’’, for all indus- rial uses. Send for literature and prices. ADJUSTABLE CLAMP CO., 212 N. Jefferson St., Chicago. Py Please send the items checked below: O Ship by mail, postage prepaid ONE No. 5-0 Jorgensen Hand Screw (Length 4'’, Jaw opening 2’’) for which I enclose $1.00. { I i I I | I I | | I | O Ship by mail, postage prepaid, ONE No.0 J Jorgensen Hand rew (Length 8’’, Jaw | opening 44’’) for which I enclose $1.50. I | 0 Send latest descriptive bulletins. I 1 O Money will be refunded if tools are unsatis- factory and are returned within 30 days. a sill G lear-Tone TRADE MARK REC | The Wonder-Working Lotion Use like toilet water. Is positively rec- ommended for quickly and permanently removing PIMPLES, BLACKHEADS, ACNE Eruptions on the face or body, Barbers Itch and Eczema, Enlarged pores, Oily or Shiny Skin, Endorsed by druggists, physicians, skin specialists, barbers, and over 100,000 men and women test cases, who succeeded with Clear-Tone after failing with everything else. Write today for my Free booklet, ‘‘A CLEA ~TONE SKIN,” telling how I cured myself after being afflicted 15 years. E. S. GIVENS, 153 Chemical Bidg., Kansas City, Mo. Aviation Take a oT] ‘6 W. A.C. Course in Applied Airplane : Engineering. Many fe men earn $2000 to $10,000 a year. Big Free outfit of airplane parts. Write for Free catalog. WESTERN AIRPLANE CORPORATION Dept. P-11. Monadnock Bik., Chicago, Il. buil cov I and fou cou der “re aso 58 m¢

Page 123

ew! eed t no bigger lio panels | of other nd Screw all-metal not strip, lampness, njured by € spindles ich allows lar work es hold it ble saver, . you 'y will be lorgensen de in all all indus- es. No. 5-0 ’, Jaw No. 0 , Jaw 50. nsatis-

TION Chicago, Ill.

Rubber Dust-Covers Produced in a Machine-Shop UBBER articles rarely are produced R in a machine-shop, but they can be made, if of a simple nature, with ordinary equipment. In one instance a shop puilding grinding-machines required a cover to keep water, dust, and dirt froma pearing near the end of the spindle. Leather was tried without much success and it was decided to use rubber. It was found that a neat and satisfactory job could be done. The stunt was another demonstration of how machine-shops can “soll their own’? in emergencies. A mold and core of cast iron were made as shown and bolted together. The bolt hole through the central core was reamed to be a snug fit on a standard mandrel. Where the core comes in contact with the mold at each end the diameter of the core is about .003 in. smaller than that of the

To produce the rubber dust- cover shown above, an iron core is wrapped with rubber strips, a mold is pressed over it, and the whole is heated in a furnace mold so that the two pieces go together and come apart freely. The material used is ordinary gum- rubber repair sheets 1/16 in. thick and 12 in. square, which are sold by auto-supply houses for repairing tires and _ tubes. This is cut into strips about 14 in. wide. The core and mold are dusted with powdered soapstone and the core is placed on a mandrel in a bench vise. Therubber is wrapped around it, starting from the large end. Two layers are put on as evenly as possible. Some experimenting was necessary at first to get the right amount of rubber to fill the mold evenly. The material used in each test was weighed on a small postal scale. The third piece came out perfect in shape and of uniform thickness, and it then was easy to duplicate the result by weighing the material each time. When the rubber is built up in the rough, the mold is forced over the core. The core and mold then are removed from the mandrel, bolted together, placed in a furnace, and held at a temperature of 400 deg. for about 20 minutes. They are ‘then removed and cooled in an air blast. | Water cannot be used for cooling as it ‘makes the rubber porous. When cool, ithe core is pressed out, leaving the dust cover in the mold, from which it can be

‘removed by hand.—H. L. W. Write for detail blue print! Upson products are handled by reliable lumber an building material dealers everywhere. Ask the one nearest you, or write the Upson Company, 1127 Up- son Point, Lockport, N. Y., describing type of room you are remodeling, and en- closing ten cents for detail blue print. Look for the famous blue center POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

| | ta . 2a bed a a Ml BA We oy tame a

CARTER _— tien — —

Half Size Eliminates possibility of going away and leaving tubes burning. Red light shows all the time tube filaments are lit. Complete with quarter turn snap switch and light in one. Simple to install. Single hole mounting. Lamp operates on 6 or 4% volts. Consumes only 15/100th Amp., battery drain negligible. One of the latest Carter radio achievements, [WNoay

Ask your dealer to show you, IS) any dealer can supply. © This seal on a radio or tnol advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

RADIO Storage “B” Battery © 325% Lasts Indefinitely—Pays for Itself Economy and performance unheard of before. Recharged eh b sepia he coe, Apercred ees ios os Deacten Eee, Faber yon ei,

order is received. Extra Offer: 4 series (96 <a an eaten COMPAR 1219 So. Wabash Ave... Dept,80 Til. ol dl (eee World Ree wy ki toe k Wo hie

a9

Page 124

and ourselves. Look at loss variable condensers, 3 E-Z sockets, Jones Improved si entire satisfaction.

120 Special, postpaid in U. S., “$334 No. KM9215. $354 fates

What You Get—Best Quality 3 See All parts highest grade—advertised, well-known, re- liable, dependable—fully ranteed by manufacturers ese brands. No better kits! Fine 7x24x8 mahogany finish cabinet, drilled and en- ved Bakelite-Dilecto panel, extra good, non-warping board, Sickles’ Roberts’ coils, 2 Hammarlund low Toon vernier dials, Thordarson transformer, pair Modern push-pull trans- formers, 3 Pacent rheostats, 4 Bell Bakelite low loss iggle-circuit jack, Jones Im- proved double-circuit jack, Cutler-Hammer inductance switch, Smilear filament switch, Pacent grid leak, Hilco rid-condenser and mounting, 2, Hilco fixed condensers, Toadies grid-denser, 7 Aristocrat binding posts, binding ome strip, complete set ‘*No-Sod-er’’ connecting wires, rdware, blueprint and instruction sheet. You can assembl? in only three hours or so. Satisfaction positively guaranteed or money back. Combines principles of Reflex, Tunei. Radice Soqeenes, Regeneration ee bleoping), and Push-Pull Amplification. mooth- working —easily tuned — non-howling — non-squea!- Guaranteed absolutely to give Neutralization, ing——non-reradiative. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY To pat you started dealing with us, we offer spe- cial price on this most popular kit. But your order will have to be sent by Nov. 30, when our regular catalog price will again be in effect. See t Doubleday, Page & Co., through Mr. Arthur H. Lynch, Editor of their magazine, ‘‘Radio Broadcast,’’ says about the Radio Broadcast’s sensational 4-Tube Knock-Out Set develo by Walter Van B. Roberts: “Tube for tube, dollar for doliar, result for result, we will stack it up against any Ww receiver for home construc- tion ever described by any radio publication and gam- ble that it comes out win- mer. It is the best we have ever seen—and we gave seen and operated almost every type made and used during the past twelve years. Has pulled in forty-six stations on a loud speaker with two tubes, using indoor antenna. Not merely the best four- tube receiver, but the best by a very good margin. Special Features Great volume. Utmost clearness. Sweetness of tone. Highly selective. Cheap to build. Easy to operate. Receives great distance. Does not radiate or cause squealing in _your neighbors’ receivers. w upkeep. Our New Method of Wiring—Perfectly Simple—No Radio Knowledge Needed. No solder—No bare wires— No poor connections—No dissatisfaction. No tools needed except a common screw-driver and common pliers. MAKES SET-BUILDING EASY : All connections are made by the use of our flexible, in- sulated eyeletted connecting wire in place of bus bar or wire, and solder. And in a fraction of the time usually required when using the old fashioned way. And when the job is done it is neat and your connections are tight. Order direct from this ad—on approval—no money in advance—shipped subject to examination when re- quested—we pay transportation (if U. S.)—Quick ship- ment—satisfaction or money back. Send for BIG CATALOG— Filled with big bargains in Kits, Parts and Accessories b RADIO SPECIALTY CO., Kit Div. 164Y, 245M, Greenwich St., New York

Learn to Draw in 1 Hour Without previous study you can become a cartoonist or commercial artist with the Davis Reflectograph —wonder invention of the age. So simple that children can use it for map drawing and penmanship lessons. Works direetly from models, landscapes, photos, rints, etc. It teaches perspective and composition y natural methods. Affords entertainment in the home by enabling -you to make amusing caricatures of your friends, and is useful for making place cards, etc. There is a big market waiting for Reflectograph artists—we tell you how and where to sell your work in a Course of Lessons on **SSELLING RE- FLECTOGRAPH ART,”’ written by T. C. O'Donnell, former Editor of Cartoons Magazine—FREE with each order. Rew flectograph outfit complete, with Lessons, $5, postpaid. Send for yours—TODAY! The Davis Reflectograph Company, Inc. 1217 Exeter St., Cincinnati, Ohio

Establish yourself asa Photographic Expert "hag ea uring your spare time—under ea fal oe leading photographer. I’ll show you how to eN 93 startyour own business—orcommandalarge (Ea “. salary. Send for my unusual offer—It’s only | temporary. Act atonce. A postal will do, International Studios, Inc., Dept. 1368 3601 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, U. S. As Getting Ahead? Read the advertisements on Pages 144 to

174 this issue if you want to get ahead!

on this Beautiful White Enameled Kitchen Cabinet HIS handsome white-enameled kitchen cabinet would cost $65 if bought in a store. If you are handy with tools you can make it at home for $21—or less. A clear saving of $44. One feature of this cabinet is a self- contained seat. Another attractive feature is the roomy china closet occu- pying the middle section of the top of the cabinet. Besides the china cupboard, the top sections contains a flour-bin and a closet for sugar, spices, and coffee. latest features—

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, 250 Fourth Avenue, New York Enclosed is 25¢ for which please send me your blueprint for a Kitchen Cabinet including all the

ih i

The bottom section has one large cupboard and three drawers, the lower one being a metal-lined bread and cake container. There are two large boards that pull out. A blueprint with full instructions for making this beautiful cabinet can be secured by sending 25c to POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

Oil Quenching Bath for High Speed Steel By H. L. Wheeler ‘THE oil quenching bath illustrated be. low is large enough to serve two fur. naces on manufacturing work such as the making of milling cutters, drills, reamers, and other tools. The outer or water tank is 3 by 3 by 8 ft. It is made of heavy galvanized iron reinforced by 5%-in, angle irons at the corners and around the top and bottom. The inner tank for the oil is 2 ft. 6 in, by 2 ft. 6 in. by 6 ft. and is of similar cop. struction. It is supported by three pieces of iron, bent as shown and fastened to the bottom of the water tank. For holding the work a basket is made of perforated metal reinforced with angle WATER INLET AIR INLET

qi a OILTAN G'X2-G"

sy, 2A ANGLE WATER TANK 8'X3'X3' OVERFLOW, PIPE i a + OL TANK

<A WS ..} SUPPORTS The oil, which is in a water-jacketed tank, is kept agitated by compressed air iron and provided with a simple type of lifting apparatus. The brackets that support the shaft are made of 34-in. flat iron and are bolted to the top of the oil tank. The shaft rotates in two cast-iron ped- estal bearings, which are bolted to the brackets. At one end is a ratchet wheel and pawl to hold the basket suspended while the work is being removed. Two pieces of chain of equal length are fasten- ed to the shaft and connect it with the work basket. The outer tank is piped to a water main and is connected with a drain. Both inlet and outlet are provided with valves. An air pipe connecting with a compressed- air line enters the oil tank at one end and runs diagonally along the bottom. A series of holes drilled aiong the underneath side of this pipe allows the air to escape for the purpose of keeping the oil agitated so that the bath will remain as nearly uni- form in temperature throughout as pos- sible. A length of 2-in. pipe is set into the water tank at one corner and serves as @ receptacle for the cold end of the pyro- meter. When the work begins, the basket is immersed in the oil so that the top is covered. turned on and the tools, as they are taken from the furnace, are plunged into th oil. nae

Both the water and air are|

© This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the aprroval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS, See page 6.

Page 125

Se SSS = aaa ae what a whalc justa few cen Book 60 n § Chain FREE °%3:° Wine nie ee: offer, WATCH CO., Dept. P23° South Bend, Indiana Canadian Address: Windser, Ontarie

Page 126

A pipe-smoker over in Paris grows desperate Our sister republic excels in many fields of production, but Americans in France seem to retain their preference for their native smoking tobaccos. That seems to be the case with Mr. Parkhurst. He just happens to to be in one of the few sections of the globe where Edgeworth isn’t. In France, tobacco selling is con- trolled by government monopoly. With the exception of a few coun- tries, of which France is one, Edge- worth is sold all over the world. And so the chances of getting it wherever you go are about ten to one. Paris, France Larus & Brother Co., Richmond, Va. Gentlemen: $ My last pipeful of Edgeworth went the way of all good tobacco some two weeks ago and since then I have vainly spent most of my spare time searching Paris for a further supply. If Edgeworth can be obtained here please let me know where, and I can as- sure you I will ‘‘publish the glad tidings,” _ as the little blue can has occasioned many a covetous glance, and more than once * some envious American has said to me, “For the love of Heaven, where did you get that Edgeworth. It’s worth its weight in gold over here. I haven’t had any since the supply [ brought over ran out.” -I have been told that I cannot buy pipe tobacco from the States without hav- ing a special permit from the French gov- ernment, so before l’m through I may have to pay 200 or 300 per cent duty and perhaps face prison, but it’s worth the risk to get Edge- worth—and after all the only way to find out about this is to try. Sincerely yours, S. C. R. Parkhurst. Let us send you free samples of Edgeworth so that you may put it to the pipe test. If you like the sam- ples, you'll like Edgeworth wher- ever and when- ever you kLuy it, for it never changes in qual- ity. Write your name and address to Larus& Brother Company, 10K South 21st Street, Richmond, Va. We'll be grateful for the name and address of your tobacco dealer, too, if you care to add them. Edgeworth is sold in various sizes to suit the needs and means of all purchasers. Both Edgeworth Plug Slice and Edgeworth Ready-Rubbed are packed in small, pocket- size packages, in handsome humidors hold- ing a pound, and also in several handy in-between sizes. To Retail Tobacco Merchants: If your job- ber cannot supply you with Edgeworth, Larus & Brother Company will gladly send you prepaid by parcel post a one- or two- dozen carton of any size of Edgeworth Plug Slice or Edgeworth Ready-Rubbed for the same price you would pay the jobber. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY How to Use a Combination Square as a Protractor N THE absence of a protractor, the combination square may be used to measure an angle by the application of simple trigonometry. With the work to be measured on a level surface plate, the scale is adjusted in the head of the square until the bubble is in the center of the glass. Then we have two sides of a right-angle triangle. Assume that, as in the illustration, the distance A from the scale to the edge of COMBINATION SQUARE an] PARALLEL BLOCKS, SURFACE PLATE Measuring an angle with a combination square and a little elementary shop “‘trig’’ the head is 3% in. and that B, the pro- jection of the scale through the head, is 2 in. Then the tangent of the angle L is 2 divided by 3% or .5714. Referring to a table of trigonometrical functions we find that the angle corresponding to that tangent is 29 deg. 45 min. The distance A always will be constant with a given square head, while B will vary with the angle. In the example shown in the drawing, it was necessary to use two parallel blocks to bring the angle up, as the space was not large enough to use the square head directly.--Huco LJUNGQUIST. Gas Engine Supplies Shop with Compressed Air OMPRESSED air, when required in small quantities in a shop, may be obtained from a gas engine, if one is used and if the air does not have to be pure and unburned. Two nipples, a cut-off valve, and a check valve are the essential parts. Drill a hole in the cylinder head, tap it for a \j-in. pipe, insert a \4-in. nipple, and screw on the cut- off valve, another nipple, and then the check valve. Next come the connections to the tank, if one is used, or a pipe of large diameter tightly fitted, which will serve as a small reservoir. If more than a small quantity of air is to be used, it might be well to fit a small water reservoir around the cut-off and check valves, as illustrated, to prevent overheating. That is essential only when the air is used quite steadily. Pressure in the neighborhood of 100 pounds usually may be obtained in this way.— H1rAM E. BARBER. PIPE TO GAS ENGINE CYLINDER HEAD Valves connecting cyl- inder with air line A © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. ‘olctRa ONLY $1.00 brings this complete, scientific Violet Rays outfit to you. Treat yourself and family at home, save delay, costly doctors and medicines. Thousands use Violet Rays at home to relieve pain and sickness. The iden. tical outfits doctors have bought from us for years and with which they successfully treat many ailments, including those listed below, QUICK RESULTS—No Medicine Violet Rays work quickly, it’s scientific, goes after the cause. That’s why results are quick, permanent, Dr. Duncan, Kewanee, Ill. writes. ‘‘Violet Rays is the finest thing I ever used . . . to relieve pain, treat. ments are so pleasant all my patients like it.” Use it yourself at home you save Doctor’s bills. BEAUTY AID EARN CASH Brings natural, magnetic Men, women, without beauty of ‘health, no experience earn liberal dieting, exercise or drugs. Profits in spare time FREE book tells in de- Showing Violet Rays to tail how high priced neigh ors. 5 50NEs aaa —- * first demonstration. Sells beauty specialists use it on sight. Get attractive to improve scalp and offer and wholesale prices skin. now. SEND FOR FREE BOOK Explains how Nikola Telsa discovered Violet Rays, how it works, why it heals. Tells what doctors and plain folks accomplish in conquering pain, disease and nervous trouble with Violet Rays. Reveals Marvelous ane agg — of a a i m y, explains wi Scientific Discovery pains start, how to banish them. Offered FREE for a limited time only, to introduce Violet Rays. Send for FREE copy, Check Your Ailment Below for Free Advice Here is a partial list of ailments successfully treated with Violet Ray: Catarrh Eye Diseases Lumbago Skin Diseases Chilblains Falling Hair Nervousness Sore Throat Colds Hay Fever Neuritis Sprains Headache Constipation Paralysis Tonsilitis Earaches Goitre tles 4 Whooping Eczema Insomnia Rheumatism Cough sthma Mail Coupon—Send No Money } VI-REX COMPANY 211 S. Peoria St. Dept.51 Chicago Please send me without cost or obligation your free book describing your VI-REX Violet Ray outfits, and details of your $1.00 offer. a i OT Ee ‘ ee ee ee State... ...--iae “DON'T SHOUT” “I hear you. I can hear now as well as any body. ‘HOW?’ With THE MORLEY PHONE. I've a pair in my ears now, but they are invisible. I would not know Ihad them in, myself, only that I hear all right.” The Morley Phone for the is to the ears what glasses are to the attr ieible: comfortable, weig' less and harmless, Anyone can adjust it. Over one hundred thou sand sold. Write for booklet and testimonials. THE MORLEY CO., Dept. 797, 10S. 18th Street, Philadelphia SEE— the big Prize Offer on page 144 of this issue. a= h6-;r mam a ee: el

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ete, scientific freat yourself ostly doctors iolet Rays at 5. The iden- | i us for esstully tr sted alow. Medicine ific, goes after N CASH men, without earn liberal .. Spare time ‘iolet Rays to Proves results nstration. Sells Get attractive rholesale prices BOOK d Violet Ra: at doctors ai in, disease and arts of human Plains where » how to banish time only, to EE copy, Free Advice ssfully treated Skin Diseases Sore Throat Sprains Tonsilitis Whooping Cough D Money ee ‘Chicago yn your free Ray outfits,

ne hundred thew et, Philadelphia ae f this issue.

| Gombination Boring-Tool Holder | —

Is Useful for Awkward Work improvements over the usual type of boring-tool holder ordi- \parily made by mechanics for their own | use are to be found in the tool illustrated. The common method of locking the toolbit is to have a setscrew in the tool end of the bar, either at the side or the end. This screw sometimes interferes with the work to such an extent that a forged tool is required, especially in very small holes or in holes with a blind end. In this holder, the locking device has been placed at the rear. This is accom- plished by drilling a hole longitudinally through the body of the tool and using a Vp"y Ya" STEEL " $<

%e' DRILL ROD” IN '%4' HOLE 3, Sie" DIA. 54¢' SET-SCREW BORING TOOL Two types of boring tools can be held in this unusually simple and convenient holder short length of steel rod to transmit the pressure from the setscrew to the toolbit. Another feature of the tool-holder is the provision made for holding a second tool of smaller size made from drill rod. This tool, which is made as needed, has a flat ground on one side to prevent its turning in the holder and is loeked by two set- screws. The body of the tool is a solid piece of ¥% by 14% in. tool steel, 51% in. long, from which a section 34 by 234 in. is cut with a hack-saw or in a milling machine. The barrel then is finished in a lathe as shown above. Tools of the same design can be made in larger sizes when required for heavier work.—C. G. KREIG.

Handy Milling Fixture HIS fixture is designed for use on hand-milling machines for holding small shafts and other round work. It saves time on many operations, such as milling keyways, slotting and milling shafts, and similar work. The iron body of the fixture is cast from a simple pat- tern. A solid key is planed on the bot- tom to fit the table slots; this should be parallel with the V. The clamping piece is cast with a cored holeandis made a sliding fit in the guide hole. The screw has a square end to take either a wrench or a regular vise

Fixture for holding small shafts on a milling machine

handle.—H. L. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ABargain YouCan’t Ignore! Every Member of the Family Will Use and EnjoyIt! Try it Free and See! ET YOUR typewriter now. A genuine, Ship- man- Ward rebuilt Under- wood —‘“‘the machine you willeventually buy.” Don’t send a cent, but do get our special offer—valuable book on typewriting—free. You can learn to write on this standard-keyboard Underwood in a day. In a week, you'll feel lost without it! The free trial will prove it. Our rebuilt plan gives you the best machine and a big saving. Act NOW If Ever! Speak up, if you want one! Underwood No. 5 is so popular this lot we’re completing now won’t be long in selling! Rebuilt from top to bottom—every single worn part replaced. New typewriters are guaranteed for a year; we guarantee this one five years! That's'our Better-Than-New Guarantee. And we guarantee a big saving! -

We don’t want a penny now. Nor any money at

all, unless this proves the typewriter bargain of A Genuine Underwood No. §

133 The ace of standard wri

ma- chines! The best busi- ness machine is best Read you. our offer! y Like Rent

Own a Typewriter ! your life. The trial is free. If you buy, our easy terms make it a pleasure to pay. There’s no excuse now, for not owning a typewriter—and the finest make! We include all tools, cover, etc., all com- plete, all ready to write. Write us now. Deal direct; we are the largest factory of the kind; we offer the right machine at the right price; we sell the largest business houses. Typist's Manual FREE Get our catalog free; quotes lowest prices and most liberal terms in existence. We'll send a manual free, too; it contains valuable instruction for learning rapid typing, useful pointersforall who use a typewriter, examples of business forms, social correspondence, work for others, etc. Clip coupon now!

[ Mail This NOW BOSE SHIPMAN-WarD Mec. Co. 2148 Shipman Bldg., Chicago Please send FREE, full offer, catalog, typing manual, and outline your free course in Touch Typewriting, without obligation!

Name

©-192'

| Street or R.F.D

State

GENUINE NOW ADDING MACHINE Down the best made, can now be had on an amazing new money- saving plan. Full 9 column capacity. Com- pletely rebuilt by experts in our own big factory. Guaranteesameas newmachine. o TEN DAYS TRIAL WD Only $4 puts this Burroughs in your office for 10 day trial. Easy monthly payments if you keep it. Poslkivey the greatest addi Y.

machine value ever offered. Investigate Now. Write for full details TODAY. RELIABLE ADDING MACHINE CORP. ' Dept.1S58X 184 W. Washington St., CHICAGO, ILL. ‘alls trees, saws limbs. Make b’

Working For You Greatest LOG SAW Offer —lI ever made. Onemansaws l5cordsa —easy. F ig money. Use 4 H-P. =. gine for other work. Saws faster than 10 men. Shipped from Factory or nearest of 10 Branch Houses.. Cash— Terms. Write for 30-Day Trial Offer and big FREE book. OTTAWA MANUFACTURING COMPANY 1801-Ww Wood Street, Ottawa, Kan. leunfoom 1801-W Magee Bidg., Pittsburgh, Pacem

Big Value for 10Cts. 6 Songs, words and music; 25 Pictures Pretty Girls; 40 Ways to Make Money; -¢ 1 Joke Book; 1 Book on Love; 1 Magic Book; 1 Book Letter Writing; 1 Dream Book and Fortune Teller; 1 Cook Book; 1 Base Ball Book, gives rules for games; 1 Toy Maker Book, Language of Flow- ers; 1 Morse Telegraph Alphabet; 12 Chemical Experiments; Magic Age Table; Great North Pole Game; 100 Conundrums; 3 Puzzles; 12 Games; 30 Verses for Autograph Albums. All the above by mail for 10 cts. and 2 cts. postage. ROYAL SALES CO., Desk 113, Norwalk, Conn.

r1S} This seal en a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6, ty, Write for Free Samples MADISON SHIRT M’FRS, 505 Broadway, New Yerk

TMade‘2]

In FiveHours —Writes Peter Werner, Ill, Sell Madison “Better- Made” Shirts for Large Manufacturer Direet to wearer. No capital or experience needed. $100.00 weekly and bonus.

Many earn

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134 Follow that Hunch| You've felt that urge to play the Saxophone, You’ve had a hunch you could do iteasy. Follow that hunch. If you want to be popular, if you want to be admired = favored, get this wonder- fulinstrument. Young folks are enamored byits syncopated music. Play jazzin 10 days on your SAXOPHONE See how easy itis. Everybody J hasaperfectly normaldesire 8 to produce music, yet most peo- ple have not the time nor pa- tience to become a musician. But a Buescher Saxophone is dif- ferent. It looks complicated, but is really very easy to play. With the aid of three free lessons, the scale can be mastered in an hour; in a few days you can be playing jazztunes. Practice is a pleasure because you learn so quickly. Six Days Free Trial, Easy Payments Send for a Buescher Saxophone or a Cor- net, Trumpet or Trombone for six days free trial in your own home. Send no money. If you like the instrument pay a little each month. Clip the coupon now for your free copy of the beautiful Saxo- e Book or catalog of any instrument, obligation whatever. Do it today. Now. BUESCHER BAND INSTRUMENT CO. Everything in Band and Orchestra Instruments 991 Buescher Block Elkhart, Indiana CHreel se 64 page book tells about the various models, with = of profes- sionals using them. Send coupon or postal for your free copy. 278 Clip the Coupon NOW! Mmm eee ewes ee ee ee ee ee eee ee eee ee ee ee : BUESCHER BAND INSTRUMENT C 0. | Buescher Block, Elkhart Aas e _Without obligation to me, send “The Story | [ of the Saxophone.” Check here —] If ve prefer other literature describing other band or ] | Oo qrcvestre instruments check below. Cornet] Trumpet() Trombone(] Tubal] | H Mention any other Write ly, Name, Address, il : . wer in Margin Below (5) This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY A Ruggedly E Built V- Block for the Drill Press RILLING holes in the ends of pins or bushings is expe- dited by having a heavy V-blocksim- ilar to the one il- lustrated. It is de- signed to be bolted to the drill-press table, and may be made of steel or cast iron. The screw in the clamp is of value in clamping work smaller than the depth of tle V.— H. M. CORNWELL. CLAMP Mi PSK 1%" 12x74 yy 7NUTS FOR STUDS Details of a heavy V-block for hand- ling a wide range of cylindrical parts Shop Racks and Tables (Continued from page 72) “We can get in the habit of keeping the tools where they belong. I can get some boards built behind the lathes to hold the chucks and collets. We can make some sort of benches to go by each drill press, so that we can keep the V-blocks and angle irons off the floor.” “You could paint numbers on the machines,” Mr. Jackson suggested, ‘‘and number the tools that belong to each machine, so that even a new man will have no trouble in putting things back where they belong.” The foreman nodded approval. “aq BSPING taps and the drills that go with them together in a block is a mighty good plan, I think,” Black said. “Now in this job that I fell down on I had to go one place to find a tap and another to find the drills to use. I know that we have a counterbore for a one- quarter-inch screw head, but I could not find it this morning. If they were all kept together, it would save a lot of time.” Out of the distance came the far-away sound of a factory whistle. Soon the shop’s whistle would blow likewise. The group rose to go into the shop, every man with a fuller understanding of what is one of the main problems of manage- ment—having things where they ought to be when they are needed; and each had a keener appreciation of the part he must play in the game of getting the shop work out on time and in good shape—a really fascinating game to those who play it right. a - N Ovember, 929 Squab Book FREE Printed in COLORS. Enlarged. Much News, Squabs are raised in one month, they ey sel] Pa prices. Greatest market for 20 years. ae money breeding them. We ship e three months’ trial our famou eee - igeon supplies. Es tablioheg $e os and fall > 8 see our — f —l. in colors, Write for PLYMOUTH R 6H St., Melrose Hea ms y.to Rider p= Saves $10to — $25 on the Ranger Bi. cycle you select from 44 Styles, colors and sizes. Delivered free on approval ey- press prepaid for 30 Days’ Free Trial. if pideatrents Possession and use at once on 0} Monthly ress" plan. Bicycles Tory mPa Stamping names on Pocket Key Protectors; sam ple Check with your naman address, 25c. Stam ing Outfits, Emblem C Fobs, Name. Plates, HART MFG. C0, 305 Degraw St, Brooklyn, NE AGENTS 500% PROFIT GENUINE GOLD LEAF LETTERS Guaranteed to never tarnish. Anyone cap put them on stores and office windows Enormous demand, large profits, PaulClark says: smallest day $28. 70. R.L. Reel m: $920 in two months. Write today for fres sample and liberal offer to general agents, METALLIC LETTER CO., 433A N. Clark Street, Chieagn Write Today For Our 64 Page Catalog of RADIO BARGAINS RANDOLPH RADIO Corp. "159. N. UNION AV. Dept. 3: CHICAGO, IL! DEAFNESS IS MISERY GOOD HEARING A JOY Millions of people know that, but Multitudes of 2G persons with defective hearing and Head Noises @ are again enjoying conversation, go to Theatre and Church because they use Leonard Invisible Ante septic Ear Drums, which are Tiny Mega fittingin the Ear entirely out of sight. No wires,00 , batteries, no head piece. They are Unseen Comforts and inexpensive. Write for booklet and swom ° statement of the inventor who was himself deaf, A. 0. LEONARD, Inc., Suite 144, 70 5th Ave., New York ZIP- ZIP f] "T FOUSANDS of boys are mate happy with this wonderful Zip Zip shooter, something every boy Y wants and never gets tired of, Zip shooter is scientifically and prae tically made; boys, if you like hunting and outdoor sports, get a Zip-Zip ay | with plenty of pep and force and learn quick and sureaim. If er complete 35c or for $1.00; send stamps, coin or money order. AUTOMATIC RUBBER CO., Dept. 22, COLUMBIA, S. G Unusual opporti+ Mr. Brush Salesman 22:0! tious, hustling men to represent an old established manufacturer ‘of high guaranteed, fastest selling line of Sanitary Twisted-in Brushes, sold direct to the Home. We have openings experienced brush men as managers in all territories: want live wire, energetic Go-Getters. We pay la missions than any other Brush House in the Country. - you want to earn some real money, it will pay you to us immediately for our proposition. WIRE GRIP Seettany BRUSH CORP. 15 MERCER STREE NEW YORK CIt¥ INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. Getting Ahead? Read the advertisements on Pages 144 to 174 this issu if you want to get ahead aest Lid Neen ee ee ere Of OPU I2+HIZLLABSSELESESE..

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sorember, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 138

¥ { Y/ itis easy for FE j k Make Your Watches, Clocks, Etc., | 48 ad | LUMINOUS PAINT [PQ @ poe BLANK CARTRIDGE PISTOL oe ss Sens uit yo 5 rid, “Hitherto wid sprace Ceally + pnobtainal Sor at an exorb’ AN, which, applied to ee a A pene whic tc a8 make your, © lectric ts Ln a rab| : ra Drope the me eutic cont to cos “to coat several small = se Rosaries, ete. | time and peeling off a genuine bill| {omgh tescateaburglar, whilst, when Seca Johnson Smith & Co., Dopt. 449 Racine, Wis. oF two from the fed sil be foun roll, effective as a revolver wi is @ effect creat @ found to the dange be all that can be Gesired. Pri ces, takes the standard .22 Calibre Blank SE oehone Transmitter Button pothatds di Biedse 12s fr loess | Sartdgcas tars i ' or $3.50 thousand postpaid wome x it with perfect safety and frighten » thief with. yone else. A Great Wonderful X- cena put Uae anger ached to Ser rchnes”® Weesities Sam PRICE ONLY $1.00 |Postpaid. Blank G press only, 50c per 100. Johnson Sm seen en ban 4s Sneezing Powder

you can e8e wha’ ie, a ; il To eaeete You can easily make a highly sensitive detectophone by torior opening using this Transmitter Button to collect the sound wav rimilar ape ou can build your own outfit without buying ccnenaee been able to sat: istactor! equipment. It is simple and inexpensive. ou can install 3 for 25c, I dozen 75c. an outfit in Eyoue home and hear conversations being held all 6 ju can eonnece up different rooms of a z . This “outfit ae used by secret service operatives dur- fing the war. It is being used on the etaze. It is ultra-sensi- tive and is the greatest invention in micro-phones. You can to sneeze without kn mount the button almost anywhere—card bo ’ “4 to, sie itis: most Woh 3 pipes. stiff calendars, on the wall behind a - Vas c = they never # Button is so lizht and small it cannot be ed. source I but think ey have pave caught it ane ‘tone a By can be overheard without suspecting it. Von ean listen in on - | from the other. conversations in another room. eaf person in the audience ‘ Qual and you curseit elf will be 4 can hear the aker. Connected to phcncerenh, piano or > the time of your life. For other musical instrument, | can heard hundreds of : cal car rides, or any at feet away. Button may be used to renew telephone trans- Design all where there is a ty pat es an ‘old I line “talk-up”™ when nothing it is the greatest joke out. P 10cor 3 else will. The ideal microphone foe radio wee; carries heavy for 25c¢ ely sensitive. Amplifies radio signale = Countless other similar | A itton a Jif and fe extrem’ VERY and uncommon ring. Silver per Oc reattang tha ines of St a tim, pootel fv Yensrede ot | Roa ater ‘com ep = | BOYS! BOYS ) BOYS! : hence, ite na: tuck

devised, such as holding the button against the Shroat or neat without sound waves. $5.00 is given to a anyone who sends i speec ce, we ie Marais use “price 31.00 BS Essie e "aii find - suitable Very, Very unique ee) that zou will takea oi a’ THROW YOUR VOICE ABY FAN Ni: K a — Cigarettes Into a trunk, under the * Mont remarkable Foy ever i ea bed or anywhere. Lots of Fented. By drawing the Tank ene er fun fooling the teacher, Mgt over. the Soor or table a policeman or friends. i ft ) THE VENTRILO ‘Gos a little instrument, fits in the’) i ‘to wind up as ta eoually seQROIMARY | CIGARETTES. mouth out of sight, used with understood eal The box |S above for Bird Calls, etc. Any- ec me ie wil tank will keep tan ot ten times | longer than the ordinary run C BO + 9 le it perform , dosens “oP aioss most srnomt wondgrfalatants: fw it will go backward cigareti They appear one can use it. great curprise ean ees of wi Never Fails. A 32-page book on ventriloquism, ice saws “INVISIBLE INK cae vk armies: Price 280 perbox- | and the Ventrilo, ALL FOR 10¢ postpaid. tial | , dropped, “ta 8 2 rie eon Watch Charms \'e% "ed TCHING POWDER This is another good practical joke; the intense he lps unless” ; { ‘discomfiture of your victims to everyone but sternation than a ed ye. ‘themselves is thoroughly enjoyable. All that limburger cheese. em- q . ; . is necessary to start the ball rolling is to de- \ a? Th roel en- : he } _ Posit a little of the powder on a person’s hand ‘ areina shortti : 4 ONLY ee ‘and the powder can be relied upon to do the the 100 oe eg a so ne : . rest. The result is a vigorous scratch, then og gine fe = ; . o some more scrat 3, 4 oy —- more. Moltiondeest CET B a3 ; - j 10c box, 3 Bozes for 25¢ or 7Se per doz 1 Head Noises GRI TY ea sarh ete Me toy, my fer dee Great Fire Eater SQUIRT R¢ ale a Thea [pase °o bth a A} | galarse th see slow Ino Fedible that le cleat Most ty a Day! Visi c ‘ picture co Ou! possib! in suc: emali c tl ti e ‘e Eater y Mega ont work of art Ry be ta b When 7gu, lock. throu von Negeri wa in his possession any t. No wires,n0 if ted. ke good money eclling yiews—Actresses, views of Panama Canal, person can become a aseen Comforts ~ ig friends, church Ray rag : oe Lord's Prayer in type, eto, R anal SS et and swom o “37.5 «x obtainable ‘ia Leather Bindi E fre and ejectin ‘ . 4 s himself deaf, | eds SOc each, 3 for $1.25, $4.50 per ‘doz: CIG arth MAK ine ve., New York —__—e

, tot and ecnatetuattion, ot all beholders. Harmless fun for all times, seasons] - g REAL STARTLER. ‘This""is the boys’ book 292 - and places. If you wish to pro-| most popular of all auirt tricks. The written. Tells how Olan” “ght eal clus 8 desided sensation tn your] ves a 'srersene ousted te bss an. than fighting 2 nei orhood don’t fa: procure ggg & = ‘Cam: with your wife. ; Roll yo lg to eg one. Wesend the Fire Eater with] ‘3, Seats. 5 is the mor Railroad, a ‘Telephone, a just like Balt Use licker Vavorite, brand of | all the materials, in @ handsome ey iumpt There ie m very long tpdaoee rdinary cc tobacco, Neat, useful and handy. Pocket/ box, the cover of which is highly easily reaches to the Boomerang, Telegraph|? 4 t, ‘ade entirely of metal, i cket of your coat or trousers, and the Lostrument, Box Kite, matches. Put up 3 size, weighs }4 os. Made po = J ornamented with illustrations in Peis % Gane tom to wake o dann Zip-Zip Machin *|in boxes just like] Qc : nickel-plated. Price 25¢ various colors. Price of all COM] shots with one loadi PRICE 25¢ and learn = crO8 Bat , Blectrio e Motor, Bleotri So ™M AGIC FLUTE i0 only 30 cents, postpaid. — | Sach. or 3 for 65e postpaid,

victim tries to light one he gets Ww f bit Yard, etc. —, quite a surprise. Wonderfully Sweet Toned and Musical - ee beg 150 illustrations. PRICE, ren : yet. Nine se postpaid; 3 for 25c, postpaid, 12 for 75 cen The Magic Flute, or Humans ‘ a wee hm ' arate articles : 4 uniq . r * i that is ° -, ; : one. Every body IMAGICIAN’S OUTFIT ~E poe : y Seats MBIA, 8.C. i are fe in 7° Odd, curious and ‘ ttle pisy e¢ interesting. Lots aratus and Directions for a Number Gator aired atter a littl i] xf of pleasure as well as ae, Tricks Enough for an ce will enable ? very useful. It is a double ning’s EE aE Paid “E f : of mature, It a wanes d a of nature. s also an Opera Glass prANYONE CAN aie egy og A ot : CIEL, Se a A oa fe. a Stereoscope, a —— " x28e a aeatine Larvae a Tele- great fun mystify ing your frien: SA lis scope, a Compass, a Pocket Mirror, and a La cet Se lgen 4 and ye Ly aus —— 4 it yous on pay sl all ai hinds ee aes g with frclity —for examining eye, car, nose and throat. It is worth paratus for seven firstrate tricke, ine Pr Unt t mn | toe inne or ony res ‘musical instrument | to locate even one painful cinder in the eye. The Disappearing Rose, that, when \ the effect ie as charming as it ie pocket. Something great—you_need one, ‘on the lapel of your coat, vanishes from os mail, postpaid. Price, only 35c¢ or 3 for $1.00 postpai will; the Magic, Vaso and Ball ‘ir rick Ti fs vad Kissing Permit rca pia : lid has d red ‘ Ahandsome h tly cut er , metal badge, 5 Ross aoe ont irik te (a card is placed in an envelope, and when nickel plated; entirely 9 dittcrent card altogether is found); The Disappearing Coin Box a that you can \ N \ A seoed te he little wooden barrel, and, when opened again, is found to have wear, giving \. ry! Japanese Rose Bushes bloom all the year J i Ky or can be made to change into a coin of another Sapeminasion): ‘tun t \\ 4 think of it. Six weeks after planting the seed, the Ad gerapitn Famous Dissolving Penny Trick; ‘The Glass Goblet and Vanishing Coin Trick (a you ou : :) P bein full bloom. It ible, but is dropped | into a glass of water, and when the water i is poured out the Foti toa of all propor- ; cee 'e may not seefn possi we posi- hed), With vey trick described above we eend f ull printed instructions for tion to its \ tively tee it to be so. They will bleom every lorming each that anyone can readily perform all the tricks to the great We <= ten » Summer or Winter, and when three years old the ment of their friends or the public. Any boy of ordinary intelligence, with this RICE 1 SS) bush’ will be amass of roses, bearing from five hundred to t of isseks 8 his we can give a parlor entertainment not inferior to P Ww \ KMS4 2 thousand roses on each bush, The fi in three shades lciane. Besides the tricke contained in the Cabinet, there are many QWQYUn jo Sowaes aes lente and iifusions fully —a- 4. with full Printed instructions, A Fee SS a —_ ed earn — —— will do well mee Sos oe os Pp aratus. 19 oorTrs. at least ree bushes to i # CENTS PosTPAID TO ANY ADDRESS. eng packet of seed. ‘Price, 20c packet, 3 pits. for ae postpaid. Luce Edition of our new 1925 CATALOG inding. Piece at te — ADDRESS ORDERS FOR ALL GOODS ON THIS PAGE TO Postage in magic, the 7 — Soe LF JOHNSON SMITH & CO. vert. 449, RACINE, WIS. 2 ice 10c per box, dame ter iae

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Take Steps Toward A Peak Production Start with a brand new idea’ or a standard ma- chine. Your idea is to beat old records—for output. You start with a certain (recorded) production, and work toward a higher production by your de- velopment-work. You know just what de- velopments count, for your “VEEDER”: counts the gains. With each inventive step checked-up you reach the Peak with any machine ‘with a COUNTER ThissmallRotaryRatchetCounter (No. 6) counts reciprocating movements ’ of the lever, as required for recording the output of innumerable small machines. When the lever mw] is moved |) 6throughan angle of 40 to 60 degrees, the counter regis- ters one. The further the lever is moved, the higher the number registered. A complete revolution of the lever registers ten. This counter can be adopted to no end of counting purposes, by regu- lating the throw of the lever. Price $2.00. (Cut nearly full size.) Small Revolution Counter, also $2.00. Larger counters for all requirements. The Hand Tally illustrated below is used for counting anything from number of people in a public place, to number of packages in an inventory. In the fac- tory or store it counts stock; in the “open” it may count anything from cattle on a ranch, to poles on a telephone line! Registers one for each pressure of the thumb lever; counts up to 10,000, then repeats. Can be set back to zero from any figure by turning knob once round. Size, exclusive of finger ring, 2 inches greatest diameter. Price, $5.00. Write us about that counting prob- lem of yours—or see how it’s solved in the Vecder booklet; copy free. The Veeder Mfg.Co. 44 Sargeant St. Hartford, Conn. Simple Fixture Saves Time in Drilling Holes Accurately ETERMINED to reduce the time re- quired to drill holes accurately by the button method, one shop developed the tools shown in Fig. 1. Their applica- tion is illustrated in Fig. 2. The steel block has a hole at one end to take a plug with an accurate center, or any one of several drill bushings. In drilling a die or jig plate, the holes are laid off on YW STEEL BLOCK Fig. 1. The drilling block, the plug used for locating it, and one of the drill bushings Fig. 2. After the block has been located properly, a suitable drill bushing is inserted the plate with the aid of a height gage and carefully center punched. The marks may be checked with a magnifying-glass for very accurate work. The block is placed on the plate with the hole over one of the center punch marks. The pointed plug is put in the hole so that the point is in the center mark. While in this position the block is moved and a bushing is inserted to guide the drill that is to be used.—C. K. Cheaply Made Milling Cutter Has Teeth Cast in Head MALL shop owners and foremen often hesitate to make a new milling cutter because of the time required and A quick and cheap method of . J IRON DISK B WITH CUTTERS E SHRUNK IN PLACE AT CASTING Steel cutters are placed in the core prints in the mold before the head is cast making a good cutter without the usual | has been rammed up in the sand, the difficult machine work is illustrated. A plain disk pattern of the size re- | quired is made for the head. Core | prints of a size to suit the cutters to be used are located around the circum- | ference of the pattern. When the head clamped rigidly. The plug then is re- - self-hardening steel cutters are : the core prints in the mold, just a * would be placed in regular work. a It is advisable to dip the cutters in oil before inserting them in the mold. That is done to clean off all dust and to ingure the iron’s adhering to the cutters. The casting is removed from the sand as soon as possible after the iron hag been poured ‘and allowed to cool in the air The iron shrinks around the cutters, hold. ing them very securely, This process softens the self-hardening steel to a small extent, but no difficulty will be found in heating the cutters in the ordinary way and cooling in an air blast to bring back the needed degree of hardening. The cutter head is machined to gnit the arbor and the cutters are ground to the required shape.—F. C. Steel Ball and Setscrew Hold Tool in Boring-Bar oH SEEKING a simple method of held ing a tool in a boring-bar, one small shop finally settled upon the design jj. lustrated. A hole is drilled diagonally at an angle of 45 degrees to inter- cept the hole that Bo is to contain the boring-tool. This is tapped to takea set-screw. The cup point of the set- screw bears against a steel ball, which in turn presses against the boring- tool. Tightening the screw does not tend to move the tool, as is the case when only a setscrew ig used. Care is necessary to avoid losing the ball when tools are changed.—G. L, CUPPED SETSCREW Section showing the end of a_ boring-bar Soldering Overhead Wires Fok soldering ordinary “pigtail” joints in open house wiring and in various types of overhead wiring, especially in awkward places, it often is possible to speed up the work by making a crucible for melted solder out of an ordinary 114- or 2-in. gas- pipe cap or collar as shown. If a coller is used, it is plugged at one end. Two \-in. holes are drilled opposite each other about 14 in. from the top, but they should not go quite through the collar or cap. A ee THIS END) ) 2° GAS:PIPE PLUGGED (§ COLLAR handle about 2 ft. long _ is made of wire. HANDLE After all the joints are clean and coated with flux,solder is carried from A crucible joint to joint.—C. B. for solder © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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laced in AS 2 Core rk, Ts in oj] 1. That 0 insure x the Sand has been the air, TS, hold. ardening lifficulty tters jn Nn an air legree of . to suit round to ’ Hold of hold. ne small esign il. agonally res ”? joints various ‘ially in sible to crucible MELTED SOLDER SoPIPE AR? ING IRE ANDLE November, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTdALY 137 What do You have to say when you are with interesting people? Can you hold up your end in a general conversa- tion—or are you tongue-tied when with people? cn the weather has been dis- cussed and exhausted it is only the well informed man—the good talker —who can hold the attention and in- terest of his friends. Everybodyenvies a good talker. You know from experience the big advan- tage the man or woman has who is an easy, fluent talker. In every-day life men and women who have this per- sonal advantage are popular—sought after. And in their trade, business or profession they are the ones that get to the top. The valuable ability of being able to converse smoothly, naturally and with full confidence is based on hav- ing at your command a fund of knowledge that will be of interest to those you are talking to. What Worth-While People Are Talking About Today the most entertaining, the most fas- cinating subjects are those that deal with applied science—radio... aeronautics... the automobile; new discoveries in health ... evolution ... electricity. These are the subjects that intelligent peo- ple are thinking and talkingabout. These are the things the worth-while men and women of your town or city are discussing. To make it possible for you and the other thousands of men and women who feel the urge to keep up with the irnportant things scientists have definitely established and the new discoveries that they are making we offer you THe Pocket GurpE To SciENcE and 14 issues of PopuLaR Sc1tENCE MontTHLY—all for less than 12 issues of Poputar ScreNcE Monrtuiy would cost you on the newsstand. Tue Pocket Gui. To Sciencz is written in simple question-and-answer form that edu- cators have found to be the most effective way for telling the known facts on a specific subject. Inthis one brilliant book of 284 pages have been condensed all that you probably will ever want to know about science. You are assured of the accuracy of the answers in THe Pocket Guiwe To SciENcE, as it was edited by Dr. E. E. Free, who has a remarkable genius for condensing the known facts about the world we live in into short, easily remembered paragraphs. SPECIAL OFFER THE Pocket Gumwe To SciEncz is not forsale. It is included, without any extra charge, with a 14 months’ subscription to Poputar Science MonrHLY. Poputar Science Montnayy “‘carries on” from where Tue Pocket Gumwe To ScIENCE ‘leaves off. THe Pocket Gume gives you all that the scientists have discovered up to right now—PopuLar SciENcE Monta ty will give you all the important, interesting and new discoveries of science for the next 14 months. It takes over 300 articles and pictures every month to tell the readers of PopuLaR Science Montaty all that has happened in the scientific, radio, mechanical and auto- motive fields. THE POCKET GUIDE TO SCIENCE is bound in beautiful flexible fabrikoid. We will stamp your name in 22-carat gold on the cover of THE POC- KET GUIDE at no extra cost to you if you use the coupon below immediately. We extend to you the Special Offer of a 14 months’ subscription to POPULAR SCIENCE Your Name in Gold on this Wonderful Book MONTHLY (regular price by the month would be $3.50) with THE POCKET GUIDE TO SCIENCE—all for $2.95, plus the few cents’ postage. If you are already a subscriber to POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, we will extend your subscription 14 months if you accept this offer. SEND NO MONEY Send no money, just the coupon. If within 10 days after you receive the book and magazine you decide that you are not satisfied in every particular, you may return them, and your en- tire payment will be refund- ed promptly and without question. Could any offer be fairer? Name .... 11-25 City yO Se Lee eae a Popular Science Monthly 250 Fourth Avenue, New York I accept your offer of Tue Pocxer Guipe To Science and a 14 months’ subscription to Popu- LAR ScieNcE MonrTaty. I will pay the postman $2.95, plus the few cents’ postage when he delivers the Poc- Ket Guipe and the first issue of Poputar Science MonrTHLY. If the book and magazine are not fully satisfactory to me, I will return them within 10 days and you are to promptly refund my full pay- ment, Please stamp my name in gold on the Pocket Guipe To ScrENcE, © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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138 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY The B-T Euphonic Transformer The B-T ‘‘Euphonic”’ Audio Trans- former eliminates all howling and dis- tortion due to crossed wiring and long leads. Readily adjustable legs permit mounting either side up, above or below sub-panel, bringing terminals in correct position for proper wiring. It’s a typical B-T product,—high amplification, unsurpassed tone qual- ity—the result of 20 years’ experience since Harry A. Bremer, its designer, built his first wireless apparatus. Two Ratios 2.2 to 1 Price $5.00 4.7 tol Price $5.75 TheNew B-T ‘‘Counterphase”’ A complete receiver, with all star parts made and assembled in the B-T factories. Three stages of radio fre- quency with only two tuning dials— Loud-Speaker reception from distant stations on a short indoor antenna. ‘‘Home-builders” may secure either 5 or 6 tube ‘‘Counterphase” Kits from all leading dealers. ‘“‘Better Tuning’’ Keeps You informed “Better Tuning” describes the above and keeps you informed of what is going on in radio. New, direct from the manufacturer’s laboratories. Send ~ cents for post paid copy. Circulars ree. BrREMER-TuLLY Mrc. Co. 532 S. Canal St., Chicago he Shipshape ~~ Home ft Shortcuts in Hanging Cupboard Doors IN KEEPING a_ house ship- shape it frequently is neces- sary to build cupboards, to fit doors in front of shelving, or to do other work that involves the use of hinges. Most home workers, so far as I have observed, are familiar with the ordinary surface hinge, which requires no especial skill to attach, and the butt hinge, which calls for con- SP: Marking the location of the mortise for a half-surface hinge How To Make Things Electrical Have the fun of doing it your- self and save half the cost This book gives directions for making hundreds of electrical appliances and devices for the home, the shop and the garage. The simple directions and many drawings make the work easy. 429 pp. Price, $1.50 postpaid POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 250 4th Avenue, New York City siderable accuracy and some little experience to fit properly, but they do not know the advantages of what is called the “half-surface’ or “half- mortise” hinge. It can be used in many cases where a surface hinge will not do, and at the same time is much easier to attach than a regular butt hinge. Altogether, it is an invaluable type of hinge for use around the house. The first step is to chisel a recess in the hanging stile for the butt or mortise leaf of the hinge. It should be cut ac- curately and of uniform depth, so that the surface of the leaf will be flush with the stile or jamb. When a pair of hinges—or three for a large door—have been fastened in this way, the door is put in place and held, if ‘necessary, with wedges. The surface leaves of the hinges then are screwed to it. Obviously, much less time is required for this than in fitting a regular butt, and there is no chance of the door’s binding, sagging, or giving other trouble. Full surface or “‘butterfly wing” hinges Screwing the one visible hinge leaf to the door Three types of door hinges— butt, surface, and half-surface are applied merely by screwing them on after the door has been wedged in place as tightly against the hanging stile as possible. Unless of special design, they cannot be used when the hanging stile is narrow or molded or not-flush with the surface of the door. On furniture they are apt to look rather crude and clumsy. Provided the appearance is not a matter of importance, a narrow butt hinge usually can be applied as a surface hinge when a regular butterfly hinge would be too wide.—RurFrus E. DEERING. My METHOD of supporting brushes in a can of tur- pentine when not in use is to hang them on a rack made of wire as shown. The wires aretwisted together and soldered ex- cept at the ends, which are bent out radially. The lower arms may be sol- dered to the inside bottom of the can S, although it is not essential; the up- per arms support the brushes. Holes are drilled in the Paint-Brush Rack CL 6S wat fad 0 oa cman AW TO BOTTOM OF CAN Hanger for brushes brush handles at the correct height to al- low the bristles to be completely covered by the liquid, so that they are in good condition when needed again for work.— W. L. WHEELWRIGHT. re AFTER washing P. olishing windows, I give Windows them a brilliant polish by applying a mixture consisting of 4 tablespoons each of household ammonia, grain alcohol, and pulverized whiting in 1 qt. of water. The liquid is allowed to dry on the glass and the window then is given a final polishing. This polishing treatment is reserved for the outside, as the windows inside require only a light rubbing with a chamois skin wrung out in warm water (Continued on page 139) oe on me hw ease ORS ee wal: 3 © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6.

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seen nema a hinges— f-surface them on in place stile as gn, they ring stile with the ure they . clumsy. a matter it hinge ice hinge vould be tht to al- - covered in good work.— washing I give brilliant applying lespoons _alcohol, f water. the glass a final reserved s inside with a m water (Continued from page 138) Cheap Storm Windows buying new storm windows for my home, I made use of the old outside blinds, which had been discarded but were still in excellent condition. I sawed out the slats and in- gerted two anes of glass in each blind. The glass was held in place by means of thin strips of wood or glass beads, as they are called.—E. H. SCHLESSMAN. INSTEAD of going to the expense of Neat storm sash made from old blinds NAILS are used so : s]s frequently in keep- Hints on Nailing Api it ' shape that every amateur mechanic should know the yarious tricks that will enable him to drive a nail, even near the edge of thin boards, without splitting the wood. When working with brads or nails of relatively small size, file the point of the nail to a wedge shape, if a file is handy, and drive it with this chisel edge across the grain of the wood. If a file is not at hand, cut the point off entirely with pincers or pliers, or hold the nail against a piece of iron and hammer off the point. Drive the nail with the blunt point. The advantage of these WEDGE FINS two methods is that the blunt nail will crush the wood instead of splitting it, as is the case with a nail having the ordinary point. Here is a little- known method for overcoming the splitting tendency with larger nails, that is, sixpenny, eightpenny, and up. If you will look at a@ common wire nail, you will see a series of corrugations on two sides under the head, and, on opposite sides at the point, a small fin or wing. These fins vary in size, but are present in some degree on all kinds of nails. The splitting of boards can be re- duced or overcome without loss of much time by watching for nails with the larger finsand driving them with the fins across the grain.—A. J. H. Non-splitting points BEFORE puttying a new pane in a window, I fasten the glass in place with old phonograph needles. I find these are easier to drive than the regular V-shaped glazier’s points. Phonograph needles are equally useful in holding picture-frame backs in place and for other purposes when very sharp steel points are needed in the home workshop.—DAN GERRITY. Needle Points for Glazing POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY You Have Always Wanted A Real Understanding of Science Now It Is Offered To You By World-Famous Authorities That thorough grasp of the amazing knowledge the scien- tists have brought to light may now be yours. You need no longer struggle with highly technical volumes nor be satisfied with superficial ‘‘popular’’ books. For now a group of the foremost living scientists have produced a work of complete scientific accuracy yet entirely clear to the non-technical reader— THE LIBRARY OF MODERN SCIENCES Sent FREE for Examination This new series offers a revelation of the modern sciences, their development, and their influence on the life of mankind that is of unprecedented value. The editors of the series are Edwin Slosson, Ph.D., M. Luckiesh, M.S., and H. E. Howe, M.S.—men whose achievements are evidence of their high standing. The authors of the individual volumes form a group whose authority can hardly be surpassed. For the non-technical student who wants a substantial, authentic, easily-grasped presentation of modern sciences, these new books offer a reading course that is fully satisfying. Chemistry in Modern Life °,;3,;4: Arrhenius, Director of the Nobel Institute; translated by C. S. Leonard, National Research Fellow. Arrhenius, the master chemist, describes the romance of chemistry’s advance as a science, its contribution to human progress, and the possibilities that it suggests for the future. Foundationsof the Universe,’ ,%, Director, Lighting Research Laboratory, National Lamp Works, of General Electric Co. A clear-cut treatment of physical science which tells in fascinating form how man has dis- covered the great primary laws and applied them to his own advantage. TheEarthand the Stars \ by C. G. Abbott of the Smithsonian Institu- =— tion. Astronomy, its development from the earliest times, and its recent startling triumphs are presented fully ina remarkable book. - by L. Troland, Professor of Physics The Mystery of Mind ad Psychology, Pps , tee The marvels of psychology as science has revealed them are explained in illumi- nating style. ¢ by A. Clark, Curator of the Animals of Land and Sea Smithsonian Institution, The myriad forms of animal life and man’s relation to and dependence upon them all are disclosed in a book of rare interest. ° e343 ° by M. Whitney, Chief of Bureau of Soil and Civilization Soils, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. A volume showing the influence of agriculture on human progress, present- ing a vital subject from a new viewpoint. a eee Pee PF Pee Fe GT ee ee SEE THESE BOOKS i : FOR YOURSELF--FREE !nvixnotuapee Oe The whole splendid series of six volumes will 8 Warren Street, New York. g be sent on approval if you fill out and mail a Send me, prepaid, THE LIBRARY OF MOD-» the coupon attached. Take ten days to examine * ERN SCIENCES in six volumes. Within ten them. Then, if you wish, return them and days I may return the set and owe nothing, or owe nothing, or pay the easy monthly install- ™ ‘emit $3as a first payment and $3 monthly there- » ments shown in the coupon. g after for five months—$18 in all. D. VAN NOSTRAND CO, "asics... ccc : New York 40 EE PE ares ee TT 8 Warren Street, ew Yor : ccupation (Pop. Sa 11028) © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. >s FER ERE MEER MAME ee eee eee

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Pracricat Booxs THAT WILL RAISE YOUR PAY W RITTEN in easy-to-understand non-technical language these books will help you in your chosen trade. Every book is an entire course of instruction condensed into one volume: Thousands of men have used them to increase their pay. You will find. them full of informa- tion and ‘ideas that will help you raise your. pay. Painting and Decorating Ross Crane Book of Home Furnishing and Decoration..:...........:.Cloth $3.00 House Painting Methods with the Brush and. .Spray Gun, _by .. Vanderwalker. Ee ee Mas ona. on, e-9. 8:9 $2.00 Interior Wall Decoration, by Vander- WOMENS... o:2-< were ene Oe Leatherette $4.00 The Mixing of Colors. and- Paints, by Vanderweer.... 02s céce Cloth $2.00 A Show at Show Cards...... Cloth $4.00 Sign Painting, by Atkinson...Cloth $4.00 Strong’s Book of Designs EIS, So am 0 oS so 4.6 5 o:0'0 $4.00 Modern Painter’s Cyclopedia Cloth $2.00 Automobile Painting......... Cloth $1.50 New Hardwood Finishing..... Cloth $1.50 Steam. Engineering Swingle’s Handbook for Steam Engineers and Electricians. Leatherette $4.00 Examination Questions and Answers for Marine and _ Stationary Engineers. SSS STF ek a SS se ese 2. Steam Boilers......... Leatherette $2.00 Swingle’s Catechism of Steam, Gas and Electrical Engineering. Leatherette $1.50 Carpentry Books Cloth Binding Modern Carpentry, 2 vols......... $3.00 The Steel Square, 2 vols........... $3.00 OS $1.50 ge SO eee $2.00 Builder’s Architectural Drawing.... $2.00 EE ee ne Oe $1.50 Practical Bungalows.............. $1.00 Roof Framing, by Van Gasbeek.... $1.50 Electrical Books Telephony, oe Automatic Switching, by Smith. 450 p Leatherette oy +4 Practical Applied Electricity exh 6's iring Diagrams and Descriptions 31's0 Armature and Magnet Winding.... 50 Electric Motors, D. & A........... $1.50 CHECK —the books you want and mail . today with your remittance. We will send you the books you order on our guarantee that if you are not thoroughly satisfied~with them we will re- turn your money. PopuLarR SCIENCE MONTHLY 250 Fourth Avenue New York POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Gentlemen: Please send me the books I have checked for which I enclose my remittance of $...... am ordering these books on the basis that if I am not satisfied my money will be refunded. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

How Much Do We Inherit? (Continued from page 26) for which environment alone is re- sponsible. Tuberculosis, for example, biologists explain, is not inherited. A weakened constitution is, and the child of a tubercular parent is quite likely to be weak. Add to this the fact that the child arrives in a household where it is constantly exposed to tuberculosis germs, and one can understand why the child contracts the disease. Possibilities of inheriting mental dis- orders often are real causes for concern. Insanity and feeble-mindedness are stalk- ing family skeletons, eugenics shows, that never will disappear so long as a single afflicted member in the family, even though himself normal, has children. They both are dominant and cannot be bred out. The same is true of criminal ten- dencies. S FOR genius, one of the Chicago machines shows that the children of brilliant men rarely inherit their fathers’ talents. If a brilliant father and a normal mother marry, the father’s bril- liance will not appear in his children, but may appear in his grandchildren. If, however, both the father and mother are unusual in the same lines, at least one- fourth of the children tend to be similarly unusual. We say that we all are born free and equal, but that is far from true, according to investigators of heredity. Brain capacity is inherited and it is impossible to educate a person beyond his limit. Several eminent scientists have been experimenting in the last 10 years to learn whether the effects of mental train- ing could be passed on. Doctor E. C. MacDowell at Cold Spring Harbor recent- ly presented his conclusions after many years of work. He tested the ability of 200 rats to find their way to food in a maze. He found that no matter how carefully one generation was trained, there was no improvement in the off- spring in knowing how to reach the food. His conclusions were strengthened by those of other experimenters at about the same time. Were we to realize that we are built to patterns—half furnished’by the mother and half by the father—that these pat- terns, when complete, are made of non- shrinkable, non-stretchable material—in other words, that we are and can be only what our chromosomes make us, science points out, we might realize the impor- tance of fitting together the right sort of pattern pieces. Plant and animal breeders are applying the mechanics of heredity daily, bringing forth wonderful rust-resisting wheats, delicious fruits, sheep with valuable coats, horses with great speed. Human beings carelessly mix good and bad traits in one grand jumble. Heredity machines such as those in Chicago will at least point out graphically to men what could happen if they cared to use foresight. For should men mate as race-horses are bred, eugenists urge, they might insure for the future a race of beings godlike in beauty, strength, and intelligence.

© This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. WHITING- ADAMS J WINS Identical in those Qualities which make Brushes Good ADAMS Whiting’s Celebrated Superior Brushes Brushes Each parallels the goodness of the other. Alike in length and strength, in suppleness and permanence of bristles—alike \ in all save name — these fine § brushes have led all others ioe , upwards of one hundred years, Buy by either name—or both combined. You are certain of equal-—and unequaled—brush service and satisfaction, Adams WHITING-ADAMS BOSTON Brush Manufacturers for 117 yearsand the largest in the Worj, Sargent Handbook Series American Private Schools A Guide Book for Parents. A Compendium for Educators. Remual Rave of Educational Events. A Discriminating Review of the Private Schools as they are today. 9th Edition, 1056 pages; round aoe crimson silk cloth gold stamped, $6. Summer Comes An Annual Survey of the Summer Camps 2nd Edition, 768 pages, 200 illustrations, $5.00 PORTER SARGENT 11 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass,

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and it’s 3 yours x late models, com pletely | Febutlt tend Te- inished beend new. . end no Baty FREE catalog d actual machines in full oolors. "Get our direct-to-you ment “plan and 10-day free trial offer. Limited international Typewriter E Ex., 1B6W. Lake Ste ‘Dept. 1138, Chicago Tool Cases for Machinists, Cat aatal and Tool akers; none better; thirty styles. Quarter- ed oak and metal cov ered. Ask for booklet. “Built for Service” The Pilliod Lumber Co., Swanton, Obie WELDI Mr. Mechanic, be in demand! Expert welding {s in de mand in every part of the world. Earn top wages or go business for yourself. We train you at Home, in Weld or onthe Job. “Kerr's es Course is a thorough course in practi Cpe vering metals. It trains xo in WHAT TO DO, Wy I 5 DONE, end BON Ww TO 7. Visite at once for information (state Kerr's Welding School, Dept. 1. Box 1313, Los Angeles, pr

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by gine ore 1, BO ep t. 1138, Chicago dovemiber, 1925 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY ' 141 _—_——_ {what a Junkman Learned : (Continued from page 29) pated Frank, with an air of much practi- eal wisdom, “‘is one of the big reasons why cars disappear off the roads. I have seen a geven-ton truck laboring under 20 tons of } marble. I have seen passenger cars tested | for 1000 pounds carrying 2000 pounds of thuman luggage and excess baggage. There’s nothing that will make a car fit ‘for the wrecker quicker than such abuse.” _ “But of course, there are lots of other cars that pass out of use as the result of pure mischance, or from inexperience in driving. I know of one man who took his family to the beach for a Sunday outing and parked his car headed toward la bulkhead along the shore. After a while he decided to change his parking . had forgotten he had left the car in gear. He stepped on the starter, and the machine lunged forward. He got rattled. Instead of throwing out the clutch and jamming on the brake, he put his foot on the accelerator. The car plunged over the bulkhead and into six feet of water. Two of his family were drowned. The car went to the wrecker.” Frank the Auto Wrecker could tell you of many another such tragedy of the road —dramatic stories that are brought to him every day. His piles of automobile “bones” form a startling and often grue- some museum of the thoughtless and foolhardy things that drivers do with their cars. Yet, though he profits from the mis- takes and recklessness of others, he is by no means the cold-blooded ogre. He sympathizes with the costly griefs that motorists bring upon themselves. He is eager to pass on to them the practical wisdom he has gathered from ‘‘chopping up cars into hash.” - “Tell them,” he repeated, “that the most important thing of all is good oil.” Recent Publications Practical Steam and Hot Water Heating and Ventilation, by Alfred G. King. De- scription of all materials and appliances used with modern heating and ventilation systems. Construction details, rules, and tables are included. Illustrated. Norman W. Henley Publishing Company. Survival. Evidences of life after death as described by twelve eminent British scholars, including Sir Oliver Lodge and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. G. P. Putnam’s Sons. Genetic Studies of Genius, by Lewis M. Terman. Results of tests given a thousand gifted children in California to deternine their physical, mental, and personality traits. Stanford University Press. The Einstein Theory, by Samuel H. Guggenheimer. A popular discussion of .| the Einstein theory, emphasizing its bear- ings and significance. Company. . Education through Wood Working, a series of essays by teachers of wood- working, compiled by the American Woodworking Machinery Co., Roches- ter, N. Y. Interaction between Vessels, by R. B. Bodilly, Commander, R. N. Van Nostrand The Macmillan Company. THE KODEL MICRO- PHONE LOUD SPEAKER is an exact replica of the transmitting microphone used in broadcasting. The effecient Kodel reproducing unit, with an ingenious new snail-shell horn, mounted inside the microphone case, produces a remarkably clear, full-toned volume. Non-vibrating tone chamber eliminates distortion. The $15 model incorporates the new Kodel, Jr. unit; with the large Kodel unit, $20 Radio dealers everywhere have them THE KODEL RADIO CORP 500E. Pearl St., Cincinnati, O. Design Patented LEARN TO DRAW! Remarkable book--**COMMERCIAL ART AND CARTOONING,” Ex- v plains how to make illustrations for “1 BARGAINS! ooks, advertisements, etc. hor ane ? - : : Che We SAVE 1/3 TO 1/2 fons. Explains Flementary Draw. (eos | im Tang 2 v8) -) CATALOG oy ing; Still Life; Pen, Ink, Charcoal and Crayon Work: Cartooning, : 2 RANDOLPH RADIO CORP. 159 N. UNION AV... Dept..3 CHICAGO, ILL. Money Making Opportunities 2.00(C.0.D. lic extra). OGILVIE PUB. CO.. f ; 7 Rose Street, New York, M If you want to make more money—and who doesn’t— see the opportunities advertisers offer the readers of o- Popular Science Monthly on pages 144 to 174, © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6,

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Sent On Approval We will send this famous watch direct to you, express prepaid on FREE approval. Examine watch and be convinced it’s the best watch buy you ever saw. You save 1-3 to 1-2 your money by purchasing a Santa Fe Special Watch. We trust you—Wear waich while paying for it. - SEND FOR FREE WATCH BOOK Clip the coupon, fill out and receive the FREE WATCH BOOK. All the newest watch case de- signs in white or green gold, fancy shapes and thin models are shown. Read our easy payment offer. Select the watch you would like to see, we will send it to you on approval, express prepaid. Wear the watch 30days FREE—return at our expense if not fully satisfied. ; Ask for Santa Fe Ladies’ Bracelet Watch folder and Diamond folder. SANTA FE WATCH CO. Dept: B-80 Thomas Bidg., Topeka, Kan Pee Home of the Great Santa e Railway, ea Santa Fe Watch Co. 5 Dept. B-80 Thomas Building. : Topeka, Kansas. - € Please send prepaid and without obligation, & your Watch Book Free, explaining your “‘No g Money Down” Offer on the Santa Fe Special Watch. kh EE ee & lg EE OS Se o Bea an eRe eee Stop Using a Truss STUART’S PLAPAO-~ PADS are different from the truss, being mechanico- chemico applicators made self-adhesive purposely to hold the distended muscles securely in _ place. No straps, buckles or spring attached—cannot slip, so cannot chafe or press against the pubic bone. Thousands have _ success- Reduced fully treated themselves at Reduced Fac-Simile home without hindrance fae.Simile rom work—most obstinate Gold Modal f Kmost obstinate = Grand Prix cases conquered. Soft as velvet—easy to apply—inexpensive. Awarded Gold Medal and Grand Prix. Process of recovery is natural, so afterwards no further use for trusses. We_ prove it by sendi: Trial of Plapao absolutel Write ane ou Coupon and send TODAY. FREE Plapao Co., 790 Stuart Bidg., St. Louis, Mo. sid dosksbestenpen oes as opus ehesowncces Return mail will bring Free Trial Plapao POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY November, 2 1925 Simple Inventions Most Profitable _ (Continued from page 27) official position in the company in pay- ment for his patent. But my usual method, after I have secured a patent and devised marketing plans, is to start manufacturing the invention myself. Then, after I have proved that a demand for it exists, I have little trouble selling the patent at a good figure to some manufacturer in a kindred line, or to some one who wants to get into the manufacturing business. Once you have proved that people will buy a patented article it-is easy to sell the invention profitably.” 7 os man invariably has invented things that many people need—among others, a flat collar button that relieves the pressure on the back of a man’s neck, and an alarm bell that, attached to the drip-pan of a refrigerator, indicates when the waste water in the pan is about to overflow. In no field of human activity have the possibilities of profitable invention been exhausted. Every great basic invention is followed by hundreds of profitable lesser inventions. One of the early motor fortunes was made by a man who invented an auto- mobile horn. When the automobile was new, the warning devices then in use were lulling to the ear. The inventor decided that something startling was needed, and he devised a horn with a “hoot” that convinced the most absent- minded pedestrian that it was time to move. In this case the demand was not waiting, and an extensive advertising campaign was necessary to convince the motoring public of the merits of the new horn. But in the end the inventor won out, and made a large fortune. While Henry Ford and a host of other automobile inventors have been making their millions in motors, people have con- tinued to walk on sole leather. They have been doing that for several centuries, and footgear seemed to offer a barren field for inventive genius—until the in- ventor of the rubber heel appeared. Now 90 per cent of American men and 20 per cent of American women wear them. Elias Howe’s idea of putting the hole in a sewing-needle near its point instead of in its head made him a profit of more than a million dollars, and by making possible the sewing-machine, laid the foundations for several big fortunes beside his own. The four-motion feed invented by Allen B. Wilson made him a rich man. Singer, who had to borrow $40 to pay for making a model of his machine, lived to receive an income of $3,000,000 in a single year. James C. H. Gibbs also made a fortune. _ to get back to simpler inventions. We have become so accustomed to finding a rubber eraser attached to our lead-pencils that we have forgotten that until 1858 pencils did not have this con- venience. Hyman L. Lipman was the inventor who hit upon this trouble-saving device, and he profited to the extent of several hundred thousand dollars. For a long, long time people have been buying and selling various liquids jp bottles, and for as long a time they have been looking for a stopper that Was secure, convenient, and inexpensive. The first improvement over the old-fashioned cork was a rubber stopper tightened by an outside wire attachment that acted asalever. Its inventor made $15,000,000 Then came a Baltimore inventor with g metal bottle cap that was cheap and secure. He also made a fortune. There is probably another fortune waiting for the man who patents a cap as inexpensive and as secure as the one now used, but that can be taken off without the aid of a bottle-opener. bay use of cans as containers of food led to the inventions of various types of can-openers. In spite of these aids, opening cans remains one of the annoyances of modern life. Perhaps it will be abolished by the recently invented can that has a seam just below the top that, when struck, opens the can. A big Chicago packer thought so well of this invention that he gave a first order for 10,000,000 of the cans. Manufacturers of shoe polishes are said to be willing to pay well for a polish tin that is airtight, easy to open, and inexpensive to manufacture. A few years ago an inventor decided that amateur photographers would find it a convenience to be able to note on their films the date on which each picture was taken and other memoranda. He in- vented the autographic film and made $300,000. A rug-display rack brought its inventor $30,000. A glass lemon-squeezer made $50,000 for the man who patented it. The inventor of the grooved um- brella rib made almost a million dollars. A tire chain to keep automobiles from skidding on slippery roads was worth as much to its inventor. Shipping tags used to have a trouble- some habit of tearing loose from their twine or wire fastenings. An inventor devised a tag with the eyelet reinforced by a stiff paper ring. Simple—but it made a fortune for him, and around that invention a great business has been built. The habit of keeping both eyes wide open for possible improvements in articles already in use is a valuable asset for the would-be inventor. A good many million paper bags have been used by clerks, but they left it to a shop girl to invent the satchel-bottom paper bag. She sold the patent for $24,000. That was only a thousand dollars lessthan King George V of England got for the patent for a mov- able fireplace for workmen’s dwellings. HE successful inventor must be able to form an accurate estimate of how great a demand there will be for his invention. Some years ago a young man devised an ingenious method of auto- matically counting the number of words written on a typewriter. A typewriter manufacturer offered him $10,000 for the patent. The inventor laughed scornfully. He did not stop to think that it is easy to (Continued on page 143) © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS, See page 6. inve fill wait its i

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3 in have The ned 1 by th a and h ere + for sive of a food rious hese the 8 it nted top . big r for rs of ) pay sy to e. ‘ided nd it their . in- nade it its lars. from th as uble- their ntor reed it it that yuilt. wide ticles > the illion , but ; the | the ly a rge V mov- able how r his auto- vords vriter r the fully. sy to , : Profit in Simple Inventions (Continued from page 142) estimate, accurately enough for most pur- , the number of words on a type- written page. He didn’t make a cent out of his very clever invention. Motion pictures have opened another rich field for invention. Sixty-eight per cent of the American public goes to the movies, and 150,000 films are made each ar. Any device, simple or complicated, that will make motion pictures better will find a ready sale and should bring its inventor large returns. Radio, likewise, still is in its scientific and industrial infancy, and offers un- pounded opportunities to the ingenious and wide-awake inventor. oo spend a million dollars a week for sporting goods, and a large proportion of these dollars is paid for golf supplies. The man who patented the golf tee already described is not the only one who has realized the possibilities of invention in the game that holds the interest of so many of our citizens. A single number of The - Official Gazette, issued weekly by the Patent Office, con- tains notices of the granting of patents for a golf club with a pivotally mounted head that is adjustable to the stance of the user, for a golf-bag latch, for a golf club built like a split-bamboo fishing-rod, and for two patent golf tees. This Official Gazette of the Patent Office is the current history of American invention. Glance through its pages and you will get a picture of the wide sweep of inventive genius. In one week patents were issued for an ore-smelting furnace, a fireproof legging, a garbage receptacle, a station indicator for radio receiving sets, a can-opener, a rudcer retainer for air- planes, a paint-bucket stand, an airship with a buoyant keel by means of which the ship may rest on the water, a fish- hook holder, a belt-lacing needle, an articu- lated link for the cartridge belts of machine-guns, an asphalt shingle, an automatic telephone system, a fountain safety razor, a tractor mower, a window lock, a valve for milk-pasteurizing tanks, a baseball, a log-loading machine, a die for forging clawhammers, a card game, a nail-puller, several can-openers, a com- pressed-air motor for pumps, and a shoe insole. Hy BESE are just a few of the 875 patents issued in a single week. They range all the way from complicated inventions that have taken years of study to perfect, to simple little devices that sometimes are the result of a swift thought and a few hours of experimenting. Some of these patents may win fortunes for their owners, others will not be worth the trouble of getting them. Every 13 minutes an invention is made that is patented. Yet there are not enough inventions. Every day the modern world develops new needs. It is the inventor who must fill these needs. ‘If, before devoting too much time to his invention, he will make sure that it does fill a real need, he will find a market waiting for it, and a fortune waiting for its inventor. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 143 $47.50 60 Cycles 110 Volts Super-Ducon ~the B’ Battery Substitute. When guests come in, your set is ready. No run-down “B’ batteries—no batteries being recharged. There’s the Super-Ducon plugged into the light socket—ready to deliver a steady, silent flow of current. It’s the perfect substitute of “B” batteries —equipped with a specially designed RCA tube (Rectron UV-196) that has an average lif of more than 1000 hours. It’s a thoroughly efficient device—tested and listed by the National Board of Fire Un- derwriters—made and backed by Dubilier, Ss And it keeps your set at its best! Write for descriptive booklet No. G-3 “The Super-Ducon— and how to install it.’’ 4377 Bronx Boulevard, N. Y. ‘Dubilier NEE _- CONDENSER AND RADIO CORPORATION ie: @esigned and built by Ole Evinrude) Quick Detachable RowboatMotor;) Powerful, Light Weight,S Quiet Running,PracticallyVibra- tionless. Starts on aquarter turn. dy, i Easilycarried with you anywhere} = go, Norowing,no work,no bother, ust ride and enjoy the atest of water sports. Slow down for fishing. Speed up for racing. Great power. Write for FREE Catalog describing all the new features, espe- cially the famous a Pump. Only } i Elto has it. Wri lay. ELTO OUTBOARD MOTOR CO. Dept. W la nru Pres, @anf’rers Home Bidg. Milwaukee, Wis. © This seal on a radio or tool advertisement signifies the approval of the INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS. See page 6. One Payment Puts this 15" x 6’ Quick Change Gear SOUTH BEND LATHE In Your Shop 9" x 3' Lathe._.$241 "x4" “ "288 16"x 8! Vk as ft 18" x 10! 33,000 Now in Use Catalog shows 96 styles, all sizes. the Lathe you want. 818 E. Madison St., in U. S. and in 64 Foreign Countries. Easy We ship any size Lathe you need upon receipt of first payment—then you pay balance in convenient monthly installments which the Lathe itself will save and earn for you. Prices Quick Change Gear Lathes 15"x 7' Lathe._$447 498 “ oe Free Select just Write for Free Catalog today South Bend Lathe Works South Bend, Ind.

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REMEMBER, THERE IS NO SUBSTITUTE FOR PERSONAL TRAINING, IN GREAT SHOPS, | ON COMPLETE ELECTRICAL [& APPARATUS,

You don’t need advanced edu- Se ae ge of higher mathematics or experience in order to learn at COYNE. My Employment Dept. helps * you get a job toearn part or ail of your expenses and assis’ you te @ good job upon graduation,

cluded WITHO Remember, Ch nv rman Clip the Happiness Co ECTRICITY

AACA RAILROAD FARE TO CHICAGO from point in the U. also extra courses in Radio Electrickty and Bute, Track and Tractor pa ed ear. jong is a city of opportunities and the HUNDREDS = OF COYNE- seein etic = © TRAINED isa Baws wit] City oy cee at any = MEN EARN center of the world. Bs sey rte Fo = $60 TO $200 A WEEK 0s, NM MMU POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

Readers of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY will find scores of oppor- tunities in this section (pages 144 to 174) for making more money,

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— Will Close the Big Gap Between Your PRESENT and Your FUTURE! Does your present job offer you a FUTURE? If so, how long must you wait for that future? Five?— ten?—fifteen?—perhaps twenty years? TOO LONG to wait for an uncertainty! Too many things can happen in that time to rob you of the fruits of your hard, earnest labors. GET WHAT YOU EARN—now! Drudging through the years in hopes that mere chance will provide a big future for you is like wandering in a fog with little prospect of reaching your destination. Get into IMPORTANT work, where your Bervices will be needed, not merely tolerated. The Electrical Field offers Thrills Galore, a Experiences, and SALARIES that y he-man can brag about! COME OUT OF THE 1 FOG AND BE HAP- PY—in the Electrical Field!

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Send For My Big Free Book and Special Offer of R.R. Fare and 2 Extra Courses Complete | <0 Handsome and Complet —— cal Boek Costs You hing, yo or Later I’ ted a grea handsome rt 7 carat geet Pe, bnderme, tr you a once. I 12x15 in size and contains 161 actual otes of eae poonee and cparasoas. F lighting apdipowers etc, ote, Wothing tke tt: You'll ii}

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COMPLETE ELECTRICAL TRAINING < te 12 waa WEEKS AT COYNE . Ihave course of instruction in Electricity, a course that is ont ly et “that. is easy to master, that covers eve’ single phase and factor of the oubiect, that fits. ‘men for the B electrical jobs—the HIGH-SALARIED err jobs. COYNE does not teach by correspondence, bu yyrectiod. trainingin the wonderfu: oan inped COLNE Shope locatedin ae the electrical center of I ta COYNE your training is oe PERSONAL and PRACT on < most MODERN and COM- PLETE electrical egpercius, ek guidance of thoroughly-qualified in- structors. You also visit great industrial organizations and power plants.

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———y Every reader of Popu ar Science MontTHu y is invited to enter this contest— $ 10 () in CASH PRIZES For the best letter of 100 words or less answering the question— “What advertisement in the ‘Money-Making Op- portunities’ Section inter- ests youmost—and why?” we will pay on Decem- ber 10th, the following cash prizes: First Prize $50.00 SECOND PRIZE 25.00 THIRD PRIZE 10.00 FIFTEEN PRIZES OF $1.00 EACH 15.00 First read every advertise- ment in the Money-Mak- ing Opportunities Section on pages 144 to 174. Pick out the one that interests you most and then write a letter—not exceeding 100 words—telling us why you find the advertisement you have selected the most in’ teresting. Entries for the contest will closeon November Ist. The prize winners and their letters will be published in the January issue of Pop. ULAR ScIENCE MONTHLY. Address your letter to Contest Editor MONEY-MAKING OPPORTUNITIES POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY

250 Fourth Ave., New York

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Ws P. [ES HLY a J. E. GREENSLADE your earning power; I'll like yourself who have done it. 83 come directly to the point. First you'll say, ‘‘I could never do it. These men were lucky.” But remember the men’ whose pic- tures are shown above are only four out of thousands and if you think it’s luck that has suddenly raised thousands of men into the big pay class you're fooling yourself. Easy to Increase Pay But let’s get down to your own Case. You want more money. You want the good things in life, a comfortable home of your own where you can entertain, a snappy Car, membership in a good club, good clothes, advantages for your loved ones, travel and a place of importance in your community. All this can be yours. And I'll prove it to you, FREE. First of all get this one thing right; such ‘ achievement is not luck—it’s KNOWING HOW! And KNOWING HOW in a field in which your opportunities and rewards are ten times greater than in other work. In short, I’ll prove that I can make you a Master Salesman—and you know the in- comes good salesmen make. Every one of the four men shown above was sure that he could never SELL! They thought Salesmen were ‘‘born’” and not “made!’’ When I said, ‘‘Enter the Selling Field where chances in your favor are ten to one,’’ they said it couldn’t be done. But I proved to them that this Association could take any man—regardless of his station in life, regardless of his present job, or lack of . JACK WARD “TI didn’t want to work for small pay. WARREN HARTLE Chicago “After 10 years in the Chicago youre Fooling ‘ ) 3 “Last week my earnings Easily proved Railway mail service I de- amounted+to $554.37; this Mr. Greenslade was right. cided to make a change. week will go over $400.00. Made $13,500 last year— Earned more than $1,000 Thanks to the N. S. T. over $1,000 every month,” the first 30 days.’ A. CHARLES V. CHAMPION Illinois “I’m now President, and my earnings for 1925 will easily exceed the five figure mark. Thanks to your training.” F. WYNN Portland yourself PROVE IT! FREE! And I’ll show you selling experience—and in a short time make a MASTER SALESMAN of him— make him capable of earning anywhere from $5,000 to $10,000 a year. And that’s what I'm willing to prove to you, FREE. Simple as A B C You may think my promise remarkable. Yet there is nothing remarkable about it. Salesmanship is governed by rules and laws. There are certain ways of saying and doing things, certain ways of approaching a prospect to get his undivided attention, certain ways to overcome objections, batter down prejudices and outwit competition. Just as you learned the alphabet, so you can learn salesmanship. And through the NATIONAL DEMONSTRATION METHOD—an exclusive feature of the N. S. T. A. System of Salesmanship Train- ing—you gain -the equivalent of actual experience while studying. Years of Selling Experience in a Few Weeks The N.S. T. A. System of Salesmanship Training and Employment Service will enable you to quickly step into the ranks of successful salesmen—will give you a big advantage over those who lack this training. It will enable you to jump from small pay to a real man’s income. Remarkable Book, ‘‘Modern Salesmanship’’ Sent FREE With my compliments I want to send you a most remarkable book, ‘‘Modern Salesmanship.”’ «if You Think These Bic Pay Records Are Due to LUCK! But don’t take my word for it! When I tell you that you can quickly increase I’ll show you hundreds of men how you can do it, too It will-show you how you can easily become a master salesman—a big money- maker—how the N. S. T. A. System of Salesmanship Training will give you years of selling experience in a few weeks; how our FREE Employment Service will help select and secure a good selling position when you are qualified and ready. And it will-give you success stories of former routine workers who are now earning amazing salaries as salesmen. Mail the coupon today. In every man’s life there is one big moment when he makes the decision that robs him of success—or leads him on to fortune. This may be your turning point. You may be face to face with your BIG opportunity. Send the attached coupon at once and you will have made the first stride toward success. NATIONAL SALESMEN’S TRAINING ASSOCIATION Dept. S-15 N.S. T. A. Building, CHICAGO, ILL. National Salesmen’s Training Association, Fe: Dept. S-15, N. S. T. A. Building, Chicago, Ill. Send me free your book, ‘‘Modern Salesmanship,” and Proof that I can become a MASTER SALES MAN.

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November, 1925, — = d FROM THIS RECOGNIZED COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING a Home-Study Course in DRAFTING Everything today is built from drawings made by Draftsmen. Industry calls for 50,000 new men yearly. Draftsmen work hand in hand with the architect, the engineer, the designer, the builder. And thus many men rise from such positions to be heads of great contractors’ organizations, directors of railroads, chief engineers—responsible positions commanding very attractive salaries. FREE TRIAL LESSON Prove your fitness and liking for one of industry’s highest paid professions. We want you to know what Drafting is like ... how readily you can progress ... how we train and teach you by mail. So, before youenroll ... FREE ... without cost or obligation ... we send you a trial lesson to study in your own home. Within Ten Months Increase Your Income No special training or talent is required. In 10 months’ time or less. . . we cantrain you. . . at home, in your spare hours. . . to be an expert Draftsman. And remember this: In Drafting, a big income is open to every properly trained man. Thousands today are earning $35 to $100 per week. The reason is simple: Good Draftsmen are in constant demand. : Book of Facts FREE We will send you a 40-page Book. It tells you all about Drafting . . . and our courses. What prominent men say . . where Draftsmen areemployed. . . theirsalaries. . their opportunities . . . what our students have done and ap: dda aemcemas aredoing . . . how many have increased their salaries even Mr. Bjarne C. Dahl before finishing their courses . . . how many hold high-sal- aried executive positions today. Tells how 34 instructors give you from this recognized 22-year-old collegea practical, short, home-study course. The Coupon Below Mr. Bjarne C. Dahl says: “Your training M Money to You has sure been valuable to me. At26 years | Find out what Drafting may mean to you. . . mail [that of age I was earning $300.00 a month. | coupon. Here is a field in which you can work and win. And now, at 28, I am Architectural En- | we make the test easy, for, with no obligation, we send you gineer for J. Morgan, Architect, in Califor- | a trial lesson FREE. Note the fairness of this offer, the nia. The Chicago Technical College gives | absence of exaggerated promises. the finest technical training one can get, being the most thoro and practical. Am 4 going to Honolulu in September toinspect $25 Outfit Included a big building project there for my firm.” | when you enroll, you will need drafting instruments; so included in the cost of the pe ager” ye = Rigs ll set. : If you have instruments, credit wi allowed. Note that en fo ne ond aedeseene: we do not claim to give you these instruments “‘free’”’. ates to find positions. Tuition is low, payments easy. In Chicago—Earn While You Learn Those who can come to Chicago will find opportunity to earn living expenses in part-time positions, outside of school hours, while attending day or evening classes at the College. Chicago Technical College, founded 1904, is known as one of America’s oldest and largest schools of specialized engineering. Over 1000 men enroll in resident day and evening courses yearly. Diplomas in Civil, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and Architecture granted after two years. Degree of B. S. conferred after three years in the day course. Short courses offered in Drafting, Plan Reading, Estimating, etc. Evening classes for day workers. If interested in attending Day or Evening Classes at the College in Chicago write for 72-page *‘ Blue Book’’—mailed free. Send Today for FREE Trial Lesson | Fill Out the Attached Coupon NOW Chicago TECH NICAL College | Drafting—Engineering—Electricity—Architecture . . . all branches — —— ee eee cee oe ee a ee ee | I Chicago Technical College, | Dept.1131,118 E. 26th St., Chicago, Ill. RI ea cee licen clpbidutiae boosuvevvosabapnubbebedascnleallossieven Send me, without cost or obligation, your 2 7 Fs ha ie cae aah a ean ani tee ce 2 ae MRE SI ERO av \ FREE Trial Lesson and your 40-page Book I of Facts about Drafting. City and State. | When Your New Set Arrives (Continued from page 62) sulating material is, of course, such stuff as hard rubber, glass, porcelain, or any of the other compounds specially rep. ommended as insulators. After the antenna is connected with the receiver, the next job is to install the ground connection. The latest rules of the fire underwriters allow the use of bare copper wire not smaller than No, 14 gage, and since the ground wire need not be insulated, you can run it along a corner of the floor where it will not be noticed. One end of the ground wire connects with the ground binding post on the receiver and the other end with a What Is Your Problem? Answer these questions before you install your radio receiver: 1. Where is the best place for the antenna? 2. In what room shall I put the radio receiver? 3. How can I hide the bat- teries? 4. Where will the loudspeaker sound best? 5. Will special lighting be necessary? If any of these problems are both- ering you, POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY stands ready to help you with advice or information. Be sure to write us full details. ground clamp fastened around the nearest cold-water pipe. If you use storage batteries, be sure to place a‘rubber mat or glass tray under them. It is not necessary to keep the wires from the batteries to the radio set separated from each other, provided, of course, that they are insulated wires, but if you bunch them together, be sure that you do not make a mistake and connect the wires from the B batteries in place of the A battery. T IS always well, in any case, to con- nect each wire with receiver first, and then run it to the proper terminal of the battery rather than the other way around, because in the latter case, the loose end of the wire that already is connected with a terminal of the battery may move around and accidentally short circuit against some other wire or binding post. Although the length of the wire be- tween the radio receiver and the loud- speaker is not important, you probably will find that the loudspeaker sounds best from some one particular position in the room. It is well, therefore, to experiment a bit after you have the whole outfit work- ing properly. Usually you will find that the best position is near one corner of the room where the joining walls act to reflect the sound and help to reinforce, through resonance, the deeper tones. WHAT is considered a record for amateur radio transmission was made recently by Gerald Marcuse, a London amateur eX- pert, who spoke several mornings direct to the wireless operator aboard a warship stationed at New Zealand—12,000 miles. Cece cee memes res eee ese ee ee cece cesses ee ee ee ee ee ee oe ed

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arest re to nder . the 0 set d, of | vires, sure and es in con- , and f the yund, nd of ith a ound ainst 2 be- loud- vably ; best n the ment work- | that of the eflect ough ateur ly by Ir @X- direct irship miles.

$20 a Day for Schreck “*Use my name as a reference and depend on me as a booster, The biggest thing I ever did was answer your advertise- ment, I am averaging better than $500 a month from my own business now. I used to make $18 a week.’”’ A.Schreck, Phoenix, Arizona. Makes $700 in 24 Days in Radio “‘Thanks to your interesting Course I made over $700 in 24 day3 in Radio. Of course, this is a little above the average but I run from $10 to $40 clear profit every day, so you can see what your training has done for me.’’ Fred G. McNabb,

Fon Ee Md 2 Gs. 848 Spring St., Atlanta, Ga. PLANT ENGINEER— Ee. ii| $70 to $80 a Week for : a siced 150% r « { Jacquot $1000 a Month

a dumbbell in electricity et got in touch with you . Cooke, but now I have charge of a big plant, includin, 600 motors and direct a force o $4 men—electricians, helpers, for Jirinec **You will be glad to know that my business is now rounding into shape—I am making now from $800 to $1000 every month myself. But I’ve got you to

“Now I am Geers in Auto Electricity and battery work and : make from $70 to $80a week and | I am just getting started. I don’t believe theré is another school in the world like yours. Your lessons are a

ry ’ ” ete, My salary hasgone up more real joy to study. Sele thank for wast Five dens, ag llingworth Gace =... 1133 F ourth Ave. ener hecr nice Mass, Avenue, iF, >». Colorado. Astoria, N.Y.

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Don’t you keep on working for only $25 or $35 a week. Get into Electricity. Thousands of Cooke Trained Men who knew nothing about it a short time ago are now earning $70 to $200 a week as Electri- Wonderful cal Experts—and they don’t work half as hard as you do. Why stick to your small pay job? Why stick Working Outfits to alineof work that offers no chance—no promotion—no big {pay? Get into the world’s greatest Free to Students business. Electricity needs you.: I’ll show you how to do it. Get ready for a big pay job now, gaan mattis ast ital Schools, I know just what training you need to make a big TAL OUTFIT. Complete material for Electrical Experts Are In success in electricity. Let me give you that training with pap eiey we, ReNE wae Bic Demand my simplified, complete homecourse,— the world’sfamous 2. ra afar Elec- Even ordinary electricians—“the screwdriver” kind—are , C0oke Training’”’—built on my own 20 years of engineer- paren ay wer ood men gy tools—a making big money, but trained men—Electrical Experts i"& €xperience with the help of nearly 50 other engineers. 3.ELECTRIC LIGHTING OUTFIT who get the top salaries—are needed | more now than ever Learn to earn $70 to $200 a week—Only spare time needed. Wire, Switches, Lights, ete. Every: ore. Thousands of Cooke Train en easily earn thing needed to make up all complica $3500 to $10,000 a year. That’s the kind of job you want— My Training Pays For Itsel£€ electric lighting circuits. where you can plan, and boss and supervise the work of | You can start earning extra money a few weeksafter you 4. ELECTRIC POWER OUTFIT. The others or go in business for yourself. Get startedtowards start my training. I give you special instruction for doing Famous “Cooke” Motor and other ap- one of these big-pay jobs now. Learn to earn $70 to $200a_— simple electrical jobs in your spare time—show you how = Nota pm Pg — honest- week—youcan do it with Cooke Training—recommended _ to get these jobs and tell you what tocharge. Many of my apace ry by more than ten thousand successful graduates. Just | students make as high as $25 a week extra this way while ae F cnalapae o mail the coupon below. studying. My course more than paysits own way. i inatwue,: Employment Service and Help— Your Satisfaction Guaranteed No Extra Charge I am so sure I can make you a big success in Electricity, Get this Big a : A ee just like I have done for the men whose pictures you see twa train you for 2 bi pay ip ant he Pp you get it with- ere and thousands of others who now boost my training extra charge. Hundreds of Employers look tome for that I will guarantee your satisfaction with a signed, the electrical men they hire, Last yearI placedover one money-back guarantee bond. If my training doesn’t sat- id oer oo at big raises in pay. Hundreds of others _ isfy you after you have finished, you get back every penn were promoted by their employersthrough the helpofmy —_ you pay me. A two million dollar institution stands beck Vocational Service and other hundreds wentinto business _0f this guarantee. for themselves with the help of my special Business Training. Mail Coupon for big free book which explains Get Started Now—Mail Coupon service and fourteen other features, many of which . Get my big free book—“‘The Vital Facts about Electri- can't be had anywhere else. city.” Read about the success of hundreds of other Age or Lack of Experience men—who recommend this training and whose names and addresses are being given in my book. Get the Bars No One real dope about your opportunities in Electricity. You don’t need experience. Youdon’t havetobeaCollege See howeasy it isto get started on the road to jobs man. You don’t have to be evena high school graduate. that pay $70 to $200 a week. ‘ As Chief Engineer of this big two milliondollar institution Don’t deny yourself this chance to make big which does a general Consulting Engineering Business money. Get the facts— Mail Coupon at once for ides operating one of the world’s greatest Training facts and my guarantee. L. L. COOKE. Chief Engineer, * : c Oo U. P ON ld Send meat once without oigten your big illustrated book and com- Chicago Engineering Works, Inc. pre CHICAGO, ILLINOIS” ) Mg gt py FOR MY I Oll { f {ts givenit o'yol outfit and employment service offers. ete) eExtlac » lens Q: << y=. 7 NamtBicccccccccccccccscstsscccecstcsceseccoessese ® charge? 2h 96. bess sae The Cooke Trained Man 1s the L.L.COOKE, TheMan Dept.38 Who Makes MAIL 2150Lawrence “Big-Pay” ye Ave., Chicago Men

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BW. COOKE\” November, 1925 . | Directing Engincer %y, Mh // ee LN Don’t be a low- pe’, man. Don’t a Job-Hunter. Change QUICK from Em pty Pockets to UFF show you the QUICK way—so quick that it is posi- tively amaz- ing— just a few happy, bef story of QUICK RESULTS. It’s FREE to you. Th-t coupon brings it. Send for it NOW! The World’s Biggest Business Needs You Show me an industry in the whole world that offers you so many wonderful opportunities to make BIG MONEY: and to get such QUICK RESULTS as the Auto Industry! The Wo1ld’s Biggest and the World’s Livest Business needs you! lis the one business where BIG MONEY comes QUICK! Think of it! 18,000,000 cars on the roads today—5 THOUSAND mLLION ext spent ev- ery year for upkeep alone! Get into the busi- ness where you in” QUICK.Vil show you howjto be your own boss —how to own your own business where up to $10,000 or $15,000 a year can be made easily! HE COOKE JOB-WAY”™ Keep your JOB! STAY HOME! Get started this quick way to Big Pay asan Auto Expert through B. W. Cooke ‘‘JOB- WAY’'—RIGHT IN YOUR OWN HOME. Common schooling all ou need. My training includes all Electrical Work—lIgnition, Starting, Lighting. All Mechanical End- Welding, Brazing, Vulcanizing—also Business Course, Salesmanship, Ad- vertising, Buying, How to Keep Simple Boo so Automotive Magazine, also 4 Outfits—includ- ing Tools, Tool Bag, 293 Wiring Diagram Charts, Electrical Test Bench, Radio Receiving Set—all utpment FREE of any extra cost. owhere else I know of can_you get ALL this. Remember “ -_, Cooke **JOB-WAY” is the ONLY ‘“‘Job- ay’ Training ON EARTH! Get All the Facts! Find out how B. W. Cooke ‘‘JOB- WAY” puts you in line QUICK for the Big Jobs and PAY RAISES! Learn what it has done for — ai See what it can do for you! Coupon right now. ourss Address me Personally: B. W. COOKE Directing Engineer Chicago Motor Training Corporation Dept. 825 "3916-1926 Sunnyside Ave., Chicago, Ill. N Ss of ON Rae AT OB-WA Student Woronecki Made $300 IN A WEEK Only 4 Months After Enrolling Don’t keep on working for less than a man-sized salary! Raise your pay QUICK! Clip Coupon now. Get my big Free Book ‘‘AUTO FACTS.” See how men suddenly startle their friends by boosting their incomes in such quick time— it’s actually amazing! Joseph Woron*cki, 186 Aflick St., Hartford, Conn., was making only $21 a week when he wrote for my Book. Only 4 months after enrolling for B. W. Cooke ‘‘Job- Way” Auto Training he reports $300 in a week—more than twice as much money a day as he made in a whole week ore writing me. Did you ever hear of training that shows such quick results? “I Owe It All to B. W. COOKE” Get all the facts about this remarkable QUICK WAY to Big Pay. See how I put you in line—gquickly—RIGHT IN Auth Bock wal, YOUR OWN HO ahh the Rube ieperte’ Jobs—pay- dal dveniatin ing up to $150 a week—or fora fine MONEY-MAKING BOSINESS OF YOUR OWN! See why men like M. J. Morriston, Parkersburg,W.Va., —who tripled his income in remarkably quick time, (just 3 or 4 months), say: “I owe it all to B. W. Cooke. Coupon brings complete information. $30 2 week Right Away! More Pay When I say get a Quick Raise 1 mean Q-U-I-C-K! 22-year-old John F. Plow, Box 370, Ironwood, Michigan—just 12 weeks after enrolling, writes that he has averaged $30 a week OVER A D ABOVE his regular pay! He adds: “TI can’t get away without thanking you for it. Your course is ONE in a million, and I'll back my statement up with anybody.”’ BIG PAY JOBS OPEN Never before were there so many wonderful opportunities to make big money QUICK in this gigantic Auto Business. Positions open everywhere, paying up to $150 a week —and more. My training fits you for them. My Employment Department helps you get them. Get the Proof that you can reach success QUICK. Send Coupon - e Now! NN N ‘COUPON = B. W. COOKE, Directing Engineer AUTO® H 1916-1926 Sunnyside Ave., BOOK - ry gi Dept. 825, Chicago, Ill. FREE® m Send me your Free Book “AUTO FACTS’ and PROOF that you'll show me the way to a QUICK RAISE and BIG PAY as an AUTO EXPERT. Also send your new 4 Outfits Offer. It is understood that —y — obligates me in no way, and that no salesman will call on me. a A Simple Crystal Set (Continued from page 59) of condenser C alters the electrical capac. ity of the condenser and when the signal becomes loud, it is because the capacity of the condenser hag been so adjusted that the combination of coil B and con- denser C has been tuned so that the current flowing back and forth can keep time with the changes in the current in coil A. Naturally you cannot hear vibrations in the air that are changing as rapidly ag 1,500,000 times a second. In fact, the highest note the human ear can hear hag about 30,000 vibrations a second. , The voice or music going into the mi- crophone at the broadcasting station hag the effect of chopping the radio wave into sections and the sections are in time with the music. This is where the crystal detector comes in. Its function ig to block off half of each radio wave so that the whole group of rapidly changing waves that form one vibration of the music will act together to pull the diaphragm of the head phone in one direction. Then ‘the next group of radio waves comes along and gives it another pull, so that it moves back and forth in time with the music and you can hear it. The reason that a crystal radio receiver will bring in music only from short dis- tances is because the sound in the head phones when you use a crystal set actually is produced by the energy of the radio waves themselves. In a vacuum-tube receiver, on the other hand, the radio waves simply are used as triggers to re lease relatively far more powerful bursts of energy from your batteries. And this explains why reception with a crystal receiver is so true to life. There is no chance for distortion to creep in, due to faulty vacuum tubes or batteries. What Our Readers Say Downright Enjoyment I believe that for downright enjoy- ment to a man of mechanical inclination there is no better magazine published. Certainly I enjoy nothing more than keep- ing abreast the world of science and invention, made possible by POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY.—A. K. M., Bowden, Alta., Can. From a Home Worker I have made a good many things that I have learned how to build from PoPuULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. I have made foot- stools with springs, hatracks, kitchen tables, workshop bench, writing-desk, chest, tool cabinet, trellises for the house, | just in my spare time, and I am very in terested in your magazine.—J. J. B, Binghamton, N. Y. Mines of Information I always have taken the greatest in- terest in the Home Workshop and Ship- shape Home sections and for a long time have been cutting out the “‘tidbits” of special interest and putting them in scrap albums. Consequently my albums are regular mines of information, and the envy of my mechanically minded friends. | —E- B. R., Regina, Sask., Can.

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e with —— 0 “that Waves sic will of the en the } along sic and eceiver ort dis- ie head tually e radio m-tube > radio ; to re- bursts nd this e is no due to ay enjoy- ‘ination blished. n keep- ce and OPULAR ;owden, gs that OPULAR le foot- kitchen .g-desk, > house, | very in- J. B, test in- id Ship- ng time bits” of in scrap ims are and the friends. Learn Quickly And Easily © At Home. This Practical Way ~~ ~~~ Government § Millions on VU. Government now spends mil- lions pe mernong using Radio. Ex- Postmaster General Hays said- “Probably the biggest part in the future of the postal service will be played by Radio.’’ Photo above— sending out time signals at Arlington. a Government Radio station at ashington—Radio is fitting new uses, filling new needs never dreamed of befére. Radio Experts are in greater demand than ever. Send Coupon Now Get out of the low-pay rut, get into most fascinating, enatect big-pay peortostons on eart e Book tells Eo. ACT AT ONCE—SEND R BOOK TODAY. Train At Home For A Bi ~P RADIO JOB pansion—a brand-new, wide-awake, and un- crowded industry. Free Book and proof. Your Satisfaction Guaranteed Master Radio Engineers will show you how to qualify, quickly and easily at home, for Radio's fine jobs. We guarantee to train you successfully. You don’t risk a penny, for we will gladly return every cent paid in tuition if upon completion of course you aren't absolutely satisfied. Back of this guarantee stands all the resources of National Radio Institute, U. S. Government-recog- nized and the oldest and largest Radio home-study school in the world. Age or Lack of Experience No rawback You don’t need experience before taking this- course and common schooling is enough. Our tested, prac- tical methods make learn- ing clear and easy—the most natural thing on earth. If you’re earning a penny less than $50 a week, clip coupon now for \ Famous Course That “*Pays For Itself’ Spare time earnings are easiest in Radio-receiving sets everywhere nowadays. In every neighborhood there are scores of jobs you can turn your hand to in an hour or so after supper. Right at the start of your course we give you prac- tical money-making lessons which teach you how to do this work, then how to get it—so by our practical plan you can make your course pay, its own way while you're studying. Get All The Esaee At On Astonishing facts on the marvelous new industry of golden rewards—Radio— the fastest-moving, live- wire line. Free Book puts all the facts before you. No obligation. Send coupon for it now. NATIONAL RADIO INSTITUTE Dept. 12 NB, Washington, D. C. N. RI TRAINED MEN ARE SUCCEEDING BIG Operates WMAQ “Accepted a position with Chicago Daily News—Sta- tion WMAQ. My_ income practically doubled, thanks to our fine course.”’ Keith imball, Chicago, Ill. sooner.” Gets Big Job “Just been Manager of this Radio ‘con- cern —_a Regret, I did not take course City, Mich. **Your course so completely covers Radio-it anyone - in .the electrical line. Since - gradua- tion have aver- aged $50 to $80 ler, Gordon, Nebraska. “The N. R, I. Course has been worth $2500 a year to me i made Sales ; in another year. anks a mil- lion times to your training.’’ Andrew Shur- ie, Latrobe, Pa. big raise in ‘pay. R. E. Jones, Bay **My charges for coeeaee now . r hour. the course is worth to me at least ” Biackhill, } > “*Your course worth $2500 a success due to your splendid course R. erke, Winni- peg, Canada, ORIGINATORS OF RADIO HOME~ STUDY TRAINING~ Radio today is urgently in need of trained men—Radio Experts. Astonishing opportunities—thousands offthem— have been opened up by enormous strides of the Radio Industry. That’s why it’s easy to make big money in Radio—$50 to $250 a week. Here’s a*field that is teeming with opportunities and room for ex- Ss ae Instruments Given With Course Receiving sets, from simplest kind to thou- in- cluded without extra charge in your course. Other appa- ratus given to help you learn. An .UNEQUALLED .- O F- FER. Many other big fea- tures for limited-time only. sand mile receiver, Get This Book or $25 or same six days? What this traininz has done for hun- dreds of others, it can dofor you. Send coupon at once, “Rich Rewards in Ra- dio’’"—most amazing book concerning Radio ever written, will be sent to you promptly when you send the coupon. ACT NOW, Why go shoes at $15 $35 a week, when thoroughly-trained Radio Experts eam a hundred or more in the MAIL THIS COUPON rales acini Dept. 12 NB, Washington, D.C Without obligating me in any way, send your Free Book ‘‘Rich Rewards in Radio’’—also full information on your practical, Name Address home-study Radio course.

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150 Are You Afraid to Face the [ruth About Yourself? There are occasions in the life of every man when he realizes how miserably he has fallen below what others had ex- pected of him and what he had dreamed for himself. The “big’’ man faces the truth, and does something about it. The “little” man finds an excuse for his failure, and does noth- ing. What are your answers when you ask yourself ques- tions like these? Am I not drifting along aimlessly? What, after all, is my purpose in life? Am I trusting too much to chance to bring me success? What is my greatest weak point? Is it lack of will, poor memory, mental laziness, mind-wan- dering, or what? AmI “licked” by life, am I a “‘quitter”’ What can I do, now to “‘find myself’’? How 650,000 People Have **Found’’ Themselves Through Pelmanism Pelmanism is a scientific system of mind-training; it takes the well-established principles of psychology, simplifies them so that they can be understood every- y, and arranges them into a really remarkable system, which is designed to re-arouse and to train certain mental faculties, which in most of us lie absolutely dormant and atrophied What It Has Done Pelmanism originated in Great Britain. Members of the royal family, leading statesmen, distinguished military and naval officers, world- famous authors, artists, actors, editors and publicists, leaders in industry and finance, ple of the highest distinction in the Empire—became just as enthusiastic Pelmanists as clerks and ‘‘tommies’’ and day-laborers. When the movement spread to America the same story was repeated—captains of industry and finance, men of affairs, jurists, writers, leading business men, professional — of all types—adopted Pelmanism as enthusiastically -earners and college students. And now, over pone in every part of the world, men and women ay of the highest type of intelligence, have adopted and use Pelmanism to help them ‘‘find themselves.”’ Send For Free Book When people like General Sir Robert Baden-Powell, Judge Ben B. Lindsey, Frank P. Walsh, Major ‘— aw rederick Maurice, Admiral Lord Beresford, O’Connor, H. R. H. Prince Charles of Sweden, Jw Soni K. Jerome, George Lunn, Sir Harry Lauder and thousands of others equally famous find that there is “‘something in Pelmanism,’’ can you afford'to ignore its possibilities for you? We will be glad to send you, without charge, a book called ‘‘Scientific Mind- Training.’’ This tells the complete story of Pelmanism, what it is and what it does; it is filled with stories—some of them almost unbelievable—of ple whose lives have been completely made over by elmanism. To send for this book involves you in no obligation. The Pelman Institute of America (Approved as a Correspondence School under the laws of the State of New York) Suite 8711, 2575 Broadway, New York, N. Y. The Pelman Institute of Ameri 2575 Broadway, Suite 8711, for York City. I want you to show me what Pelmanism has actually done for over half a million people. Please send me your free book, ‘‘Scientific Mind-Training.”’ under no obligation whatever. This places me Here Are Correct Answers to Questions on Page 39 1. This is a case of the work of the yeast plant. Fermentation means merely that yeast is growing in the cider. The yeast produces alcohol and carbon-dioxide gas just as it does in bread and that is where the bubbles of gas in the cider come from. 2. Probably the dog, though it is possible that in some parts of the earth the sheep or the pig may have been partially domesticated before the dog was, or at about the same time. 3. They indicate the frequency of a wave. One “cycle”? means one complete wave. A “kilocycle” is 1000 cycles or waves. 4. There is no evidence that they are changing at all. Some prehistoric men were short and some were tall, just as men are today. 5. No. There is no recorded case of any one having been hit. Most of the falling stars are so small that they do not reach the earth’s surface at all, but burn up by friction in the upper part of the air, making the streaks of light that we call “‘shooting”’ stars. 6. Yes, put it in a vacuum. The temperature at which water boils de- pends on the air pressure—the less the pressure, the lower the temperature necessary for boiling. Water placed in an ordinary vacuum will boil at about 50 degrees Fahrenheit. 7. This is another instance of blood leaking out of the blood vessels. The flesh around the eye is rather loose and spongy. When blood gets out into this tissue, it spreads around for quite a distance and makes the whole neighbor- hood of the eye look blue or black. 8. They do not differ at all in chemical composition. Both are composed of oxide of aluminum. In both cases the red color is due to a little impurity. In the artificial stones this is added on purpose. 9. Inthe center of the whirl of the storm, the black funnel that corresponds to the waterspout at sea, the centrifugal force of the air, makes a partial vacuum. If this vacuum passes over a house the air inside the house does not have time to escape through the windows and doors, so it blows up the house. 10. Yes. Some low forms of animals become females when fed on plenty of food or on certain kinds of food. When fed on other kinds of food or given too se of it, the same animals become males. 11. Yes. The action of our nerves is believed to be electrical. Other electrical changes are taking place all the time in our bodies. All these are very small in amount. We cannot produce at any one time enough electricity to cause a shock or to be perceptible at all, but delicate scientific instruments can detect our bodily electricity easily. 12. It has, by far, the best blood supply of any organ in the body. The gray matter that we think with is especially rich in blood vessels and the continual stream of fresh, rich blood around the masses of nerve cells in it brings to the cells the food they necu. LookInches Thinney at Once! Look pounds lighter the mo- ment you put iton. Become inches thinner as you wear it. New Massaging Belt Reduces Waistline Quickly Why weaken yourself with starvation diets—why strain your heart with violent exer- cises? Doctors will tell you that massage is the quickest, easiest, least harmful method for reducing fat at the waistline. But masseurs are ex- pensive. This new, wonder- ful Weil Reducing Belt does the masseur’s work in half the time at trifling cost. Made of _ specially fitted rubber, it massages every inch of fat with each move you make. Fat Melts Away With every movement the blood is sent coursing through the tissues, in a few weeks carrying away the fat and building up firm, healthy muscle. A loss of 4 to 6 inches in a few weeks is not at all un- usual. Not only do you look thinner, younger— but backaches, stomach disorders, quickly _ dis- appear. You feel like a different being. The Weil Belt is en- dorsed by physicians and athletes everywhere, Satisfaction guaranteed or your money back with out question. Write for full description and Special 10- Trial Offer TODAY. The Weil Company, } Hill Street, New Haven, Conn. cco CS Ee Ce The Weil Company, 1011 Hill St., New Haven, Conn. Gentlemen: Please send me, without obliga. tion, complete description of the Weil Scien. i | tific Reducing Belt and also- your Special’ 10-day Trial Offer. | NAME .... foe beets cs Se aia ois aves i005 Te ‘ Pi. .. ci ah ean n cose eee eee 6. cane ORG osc 5 eR SR Cee State ..... 403mm 3 ee Drawing Easily Learned Haven't you often wished that. you could draw cartoons, illustrate some idea, -sketch some pretty face, etc? You can do all of these things. One of America’s most fa- mous Cartoonists and Illustrators has developed a great, simple system for success in all branches of Commer- cial Art. This system has revolu- tionized the entire theory of draw- ing. It means that drawing can be as easy for you as writing—much simpler than learning shorthand, bookkeeping or typewriting. We are now placing this original system for learning Drawing, Art and Cartooning, consisting of 34 lessons with over 500 illustrations, within reach of every one. If you will devote a few hours each week to the Course WE ABSOLUTELY GUARANTEE that you will learn to draw ani draw well before you have half finished the Course. If we fail to make this claim good, we will refund every cent paid us. By eliminating a large office force for answering corre- spondence, expensive catalogs, etc., we are enabled to make a price of $2. the cheapest price ever known for a high-grade, home study course. Many have sent us letters similar to that of Rob’t P. Davis of Detroit, who wrote: ‘‘I can’t see how you ask so little when others with inferior Courses get from $20 to $00 for theirs. It is more than I expected.’’ Learn to draw. It is a big asset, no matter what field you are in. Send No Money Just order the Course, and $2 9 = ae pay pene ‘only. oS. plus a few cents tage, pay full for the entire Course and Draw- t. If not entirely sai if you order Ly course at once, we will include a drawing tetht, consisting of artist’s pencils, pens, paper, erasers, thumb tacks, ete.. enabling you ng t» go to work without any addi: return within five days and we peel anal Cost. REFUND MONEY. Address: LEDERER SCHOOL OF DRAWING, Dept., 216-C, Chattanooga, Tenn. Orders from outside the U. 8S. are payable $3.24 cash with order Have You An INVENTION? Ifso the WORLD PROGRESS will send you upon request sample copy Free containing Suggestions to Inventors as to Inventions N invite manufacturers to address us regarding \ an tions they want. Subscription for one year 60 cents. WORLD PROGRESS PUB. CO., INC. Room 202 Victor Bidg. Washington, D. C.

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Own Your Own Electrical REPAIR SHOP

a eset s 7 Train AtHome | th fled Go into ELECTRICITY ! ELECTRICAL Wea oe Million Opportunities Be an Electrical-Expert. Go into the one great in- dustry where it’s easy to get to the top, to make aiid money, to make a real success. You don’t need money. in the bank or “‘pull’’ to get ahead in Elec- ‘ Ne : X e tricity—all you need is training, honest, complete i. ™ \ PN Pe | b io RA VAY Y ot training, such as I guarantee. a 7 BIG JOBS OPEN Everywhere! || — l | LN Look at the building business. Thousands of Electrical : id Contractors are getting rich. Their men are making $10 4 (dy (6) Co) ee 9 (1 V4 to $20 a day. Look at the fortunes being made in Radio. 2 '. a : PA Look at the great myrg erage yi! Pia of pk | 4 trical machinery. _Why, the work of the world.is being done OutfitsGiven to § Yy Lok by Electricity and the call for trained men exceeds the supply! | trees if you're now earning less than “40 a week —if you want to be an ELECTRICAL EXPERT—if you want to step quickly into the class of men earning from $60 to $250 a week—write me at once! This million dollar school offers ambitious fellows their big opportunity to learn every branch of Electricity at home in spare time by a new, practical JOB-METHOD. Learn Electricity Quick by Dunlap “Job-Method” ‘JOB SERVICE My training so simple a school-boy can grasp it instantly. Common school- _ ing a you need. No previous experience required. — ne i ope _— At No Extra Cost to ane rapid progress because I train them on actual Electrical jobs with stan - d GRADUAT ye size tools and materials which I supply without extra cost. The first half of STUDENTS and GRADUATES

my training is APPLIED ELECTRICITY—a complete course in itself. jobs, not only to graduates, but In the second half I give you Electrical Engineering subjects. I give you. Ser tao he south “tae Electrical Drafting, Radio, Automotive Electricity, and many other valu- great Electrical employers all over j i America. The day you enroll, able subjects, all for one small price, and on easy terms. {nO a. vies Vetastee ae , finds out what kind of Train for These Jobs THESE Ps | BIG ELECTRICAL 2 Gimp tony where you ouak to Power Plant Superintendent, $5,000 OUTFITS GIVEN bar ge you apply for the ag tir ‘. press ae ees to you without one penny of extra job you want, we back you with oreman 3,500 to $10,000 a h: ‘ ta ‘“‘premium’’—not some- our recommenc ) year; Chief’ Electrician, oes thine “RREE” to induce you to en- make good in it after you get it. Draftsman, | $3,000 to $10,000 a ‘oll. But costly, —— aa year; Automotive Electrical tools, materials and equipment. a : Expert, $3,500 to $12,000 a man-size motor of the same type as the big ae bes a pagicany ad i year. a toy, but a regular power-motor. Runson g t EARN MONEY While Learning “i a cma =, hen hood _ Dunlap-training combines money- nock-down. sp . ; making, practical "experience, armature and assemble it. That’s the way you dinstruction INA NEW WAY. 3 icity by the Dunlap Tcall this’ “JOB-METHOD” earn every branch of Electricity by it gets results—more Job-Method. Get My quickly and easily than old- "Nee th seer tering PAY-DOUBLING OFFER! give you special instruc- Before you put your time and — fs chartered un- tion in house-wiring, money into home-training, you THE AMERICAN SCHOOL der the laws of : na Radio-building, Elec- want to know if it will lead to Massachusetts, as an educational institution NOT " ; PS ee ee trical Repair Work, a better job and bigger pay. I FOR PROFIT. Established 29 years. Over 200 Chief Engineer DUNLAP hm > etc. I show you . willanswerthatin plainEng- Executives, Engineers, and Educators have prepared Training Built by >. of ; i. v) A 23 ee” NRE

how to get spare- lish. Get my catalog, my won- the texts used in these wonderful home-study courses. time work— derful new guarantee, my sen- The success of our graduates has made us one of the work you'll - sational offers—quick! Get the largest VOCATIONAL TRAINING Institutions in be well paid facts about your opportunities the world. You will be astonished at the many ways for. in Electricity when you are we help our students and graduates progress to success ; Dunlap-trained and when you ‘! ' have the backing of the Ameri- * This is not a one-man, one-idea school. can School. Before you enroll 22 famous Engineers and Executives of for any home-training, get the the following corporations and univer- facts about my training, so you sities helped me make Dunlap-training the wre, , ~ can compare it intelligently most complete and up-to-date: : : - with others. Write me today! 1. General Electric Co. 7. Western Electric Co. Chief Engineer Dunlap ieee ae S. Undereriees Lateran AMERICAN SCHOOL, Dept. E-875 ison Company tories, Inc. e zon Company 9, toh Inc, a < a sinh N 700A Drexel Ave. & 58th St., Chicago - Crocker- eeler Co. - Columbi iversit i : . Cutler-Hammer Mfg. 10. Dartmouth Gelae” .\) L COUPO Oo I want to be an Electrical ty wiseee Company 11. Massachusetts Insti- rush guarantee, tga ny acts, complete t eertcen » norhone + fm od | a steer ng s a ® information, money-saving offers. elegrap o. . Lehig niversity H Hi . Westinghouse Electric 13. University of Vermont Chief Engineer Dunlap, Electrical Division & Mfg. Co. AND MANY OTHERS Ask any well posted Electrical Engineer about the A M ERI CA a “4 Cc al Oo Oo L quality and_ standards of AMERICAN SCHOOL home- training in Electricity. Dept. E-875 Drexel Ave. & 58th St. CHICAGO

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in Cartoonine- $50 to Over $250 a Week Paid to Good Cartoonists! And You Can Easily Learn This Fascinating Profession - Right At Home in Spare Time. Free Booklet Ex- plains This Easy Method. Send For It Today. There isn’t a more attractive or highly paid profession today than cartooning. Millions of dollars are spent every year for good cartoons by the 20,000 or more news- papers and magazines in the United States alone. Capable artists earn from $50 to over $250 a week. In fact, there is no limit to its possibilities. Fontaine Fox, Briggs, Bud Fisher, Sid Smith and the other head- liners make more money than the presi- dents of most corporations. Think of it! New Easy Way to Learn Cartooning Yet of all the professions cartooning is now positively one of the easiest and sim- plest to learn. You don’t need to know a thing about drawing. You don’t have to have ever tried to make cartoons. Through our amazingly simple method many who never dreamed they could draw have easily learned cartooning. You too—without the slightest previous training—without any apparent talent at all—can easily learn to dash off side-splitting cartoons that may mean ease and independence for you and yours—within a si.rprisingly short time. You learn right at home, yet your work receives the personal attention and criticism of one of America’s foremost artists. So rapid is the course that many students actually sell enough work during their training to pay for it. Mail Coupon for Free Book Learn more about the wonderful money-making opportunities in cartooning, and how this method makes it easy for you to learn. Read about our students—their success— what they say—how easy . it was—actual reproduc- tions of their work—how they made big money while studying. This amazing little book may mean the turning-point in your life. Send for it today. It is yours with- out cost or obligation. Mail coupon NOW. Washington Schoo! of Cartooning Room 2411-C, 1113-15th St, N. W., Washington, D iiilhceells siaegihan eth asst at: am aie enttes et Galas ob a aa amen as OP WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF CARTOONING, Room 2411-C, o gene St., N. W., Washington, Please send me without obligation, your illustrated FREE BOOKLET on Cartooning. SE SE a a (Write Name Plainly) EE oe, a Pa Ce a eee ee Unmasking Spirit Fakers (Continued from page 14) Thus, I have heard an alleged spirit of George Washington speaking with an unmistakable cockney accent. I have heard the “spirit of Shakespeare’ make grammatical errors and use modern slang. It was something of that sort . that caused me first to doubt the good faith of the average medium. When I was about 16, I attended a series of séances given by a medium—a tailor— at Beloit, Wis. At the time I was a confirmed believer in spiritualism. ~ This medium had impressed me greatly by the fact that he habitually put his’ sitters in touch with the spirits’ of great.) men— George Washington, Abraham. Lincoln, Napoleon, Columbus—his séances were a constant panorama of history: ON THE night that the “spirit of Lincoln” began to address us, my in- terest mounted high, for Lincoln was my hero of heroes. I had read and studied every Lincoln book that was available at the time. I knew every published detail of the Great Emancipator’s life. And I was vaguely conscious that night of some- thing about the utterances of the ‘“‘spirit’”’ that did not ring quite true. So at last, I asked: “Mr. Lincoln, what was the first thing you did after your mother was buried?” “T felt very bad,” replied the “spirit” glibly. “I went to my room, and I wouldn’t speak to any one for days.” Now, that reply probably would have been correct in a majority of cases, but it was not correct with regard to‘Lincoln. For Lincoln’s first act when his*-father had buried his dead mother was to rush off to engage a clergyman to read a burial service over her grave—an- act of respect which his father had neglected! And this was certainly not an incident which Lincoln was likely to forget—in the spirit world or elsewhere. Although this happening did not shake entirely my faith in spiritualism; there- after I watched closely the methods by which the tailor-medium accomplished his effects. One thing I noticed was that no matter how many “spirits” talked at his séances, only three voices would be heard, and these same three voices were heard at all séances, no matter what “spirits” appeared. When I inquired from the medium the reason for this, he looked at me intently for a moment, then laughed in an embarrassed way and said: “Well, you’ve caught me; but you’ve got to admit that I do more good than harm by consoling sorrowing people who long for a message from their loved ones!” AUGHT him! I had no intention of catching him! On the contrary, it came as a painful shock to me that one whom I had trusted and believed in com- pletely should so readily confess himself a fraud. When I had asked him about the voices and an odd hissing noise I frequently had heard in the trumpets which he used, I had been innocently seeking informa- tion about what I regarded as my religion. However, I was quick-witted enough to take advantage of his unexpected revela- (Continued on page 153) The Making Sele of anUnusual—* Here are Some Big of the Records After spendin; ~ j fourteen years as condug tor on a railro I came in on m a run and never went out again. 4 saw there were wonderful chances in the sellin ing felt e 80 I started in selling real estate, month I did not make a sale. I saw I needed something to help me, so I took ui training alesmanship. The neue month | made $700 and last month I aversams than $67 a day Ebrpoghont the the month. S, California, My salary was practically doubled a short. time ago, but my greatest satisfaction comes from knowing that the amount of I have ae oes year is easily five greater S.N. WILLIAMS, Kentucky, | With or without previous ex you may become an unusually success ful salesman. Men who sent for thig book from one tosix months ago have as pss their earnings. you are seeki: advancement or greater op! gre Sp ae get fu od a of the le ra. The coupon will bring it te you to you, “touett er with two val- aale Se °The'M. aking of an Unusual. on and teen Years’ Promotion in - One. all without obligation. If a successful career is worth two cents and two:minutes of your time, clip and mail the the coupon NO’ NOW. LASALLE EXTENSION | UNIVERSITY The Worid’s Largest Business Training Institution 4 Dept. 1183-SR Please tell me about your salary-doubling plan as to my advancementin the business field chec! ed pares also copy of ‘‘Ten Years’ Promotion in One,” obligation. O Modern Salesmanship OBusiness Management Modern Business Corre: OHigher Accountancy spondence and Practice OtrafficManagement § “Modern Foremanship ORailway Station Management Chee OLaw, Degree of LL. B. 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He BS ii MRED ida ,O. Unmasking Spirit Fakers

J (Continued from page 152) +... J permitted him to infer that I had igh him all along. “But, surely,” I asked, “all mediums gre not like you? There must be some yine ones?” “None that I know of,” he said with a grin. “They’re tricksters—every one of ? And it is with sincere regret that I must report that my 35 years of investigation of mediums in all parts of the world have ‘ven me no reason to doubt the state- ment the tailor-medium made to me then. For years I have offered—with never a successful challenge—as much as $10,000 to any medium who: can produce under conditions laid down by me any physical manifestation of his boasted psychic powers that I cannot duplicate by the methods I use as a professional magician. I make this offer again in the columns of PopuLAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. por years I have been duplicating the most mystifying feats of the mediums from the stage—and then explaining to the puzzled audiences exactly how the tricks are accomplished. My success in this work has caused believers in spiritual- jsm to declare that I am a psychic—a medium—without realizing it myself. Such a statement is of course absurd. Every feat that I ever have performed on the stage or off has been accomplished by purely natural means that are explainable by the iaws of science and that. would be understandable to any one to whom-I chose to divulge my secrets. Oxee when, a spiritualist was endeav- oring to convince me that ‘“‘spirits” aided mein periorming the “escapes” that are part-of-my thezirical routine, I said to him: “My friend, for many years I have been forced to sleep with a pillow under my back. That’s because -a gang of longshoremen crushed one of my kidneys with a.chain while tying me up on a stage at Buffalo, N. Y. Why weren’t the spirits on hand to help me then?” He couldn’t answer the question, of course, but I am quite sure if he is still living, he is still a spiritualist, for I have found that the objections one offers to even the most unfounded beliefs of spiritualists usually have scant effect. Spiritualists will believe—those of them, that is, who are not frauds, for I have encountered only two kinds of spiritual- ists—tricksters and the deluded persons upon whom they prey. ND the latter are not to be shaken even by proofs that the “psychic manifestations’? of mediums are accom- plished by trickery. Mediums that I have caught red-handed—or black-hand- ed, as the Cleveland medium I told of above—invariably have found stalwart defenders among those whom they have been fooling. After I had exposed a trumpet medium in New York City a few weeks ago, one of the medium’s dupes attempted to attack me physically and only desisted on learning that police were in the room. The spiritualist believers have a stock (Continued on page 154)

everything. Here’s fm fear and taking a screamingly funny not finish this dance. turned a million colors. to open and swallow me up. seen often yet never heeded. * * * * That very next morning I wrote to Arthur Murray, America’s foremost dancing instructor, asking him for his 32-page booklet, and Free Test Lesson— enclosing only 10c to cover postage, printing, etc. They came promptly and showed me at once how easy it was to become a good dancer—even the hard- est dance step took me only a few minutes to learn. Now the girls are glad to accept whenever I ask for a dance. I haven’t known what a lonesome evening is since. Whether you've had an experience like this or not —take a tip from one who knows—avoid the possi- bility of embarrassment—and mail this coupon, now. ARTHUR MURRAY, Studio 504, 801 Madison Avenue, New York City How I Was Shamed into Popularity / For some reason I could never get out of the wall flower class. But one night I had a bitter experience that changed By JAMES PRESTON You know, I once thought nerve alone was <nough to get by anywhere. That is, I thought so till I met Olive. You never in your life saw two people take to each other the way we did. If only that dance party hadn’t come— But dances are what parties are made for. I sat out two or three fox trots watching Olive spin around in the arms of other men and then cided to take a turn with her myself.* At the very first notes of the orchestra I swallowed a lump of started what I thought was dancing. Wherever did I get my nerve? Where did that girl ever get her patience? 4 t ‘ twenty times—and then in the middle, she winced with pain and stopped to rub her toes, ‘“‘Jack—let’s added, struggling with herself to be nice to me. I guess I Just then I wanted the ground But that night I sat up and thought—suddenly it dawned upon me why I was so unpopular. Equally suddenly it occur- red to me that there was a quick, simple remedy that I had aac ti ati

what happened. I de- hold that must have been if it weren’t so pathetic—I I must have stumbled I’m too tired anyway,” she Garr RTHUR MURRAY, Studio 504, | 801 Madison Avenue, New York City

| : Please send me your booklet, and Free Test .esson, | and mailing. I enclose 10c to cover postage, printing

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Unmasking Spirit Fakers (Continued from page 153) excuse for a medium who is detected in trickery. “Well, yes,”’ they admit, “you caught him that time—but that was because he had suddenly lost his power. It’s only in such cases that he’s forced to resort to trickery.” For 35 years I have been encountering that kind of logic. It has been a severe test of my patience. Even so noted a man as Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, author and scientist of world-wide reputation, creator of Sherlock Holmes, probably the most coldly, rigidly logical character in English fiction, many times has used much the same sort of specious reasoning when I have challenged the basis for his faith in spiritualism. ‘ He is one who firmly insists that my stage tricks are performed with the aid of spirits; that Iam a psychic. Once he went so far as to ask if I was “the last word in religion and science in America.’ ELL, Sir Arthur,” I replied, “not exactly that. But, if you were to build a packing-case large enough to contain me and all the Amer- ican spiritualists and the scientists that uphold them, weight it with pig iron, tie us up in it and throw it into the sea, I’d be the only one that would come up. But it would be trickery that would release me,” I added. Frequently you will hear some one speak of a medium about like this: “He must be genuine. Why, the spirits that talked in his place told me things that nobody but myself knew.” Bunk! Early last summer Police Commis- sioner Enright, of New York, asked me to lecture at the New York Police Academy, to explain to the members of the police force just how to go about detecting fraudulent mediums. The best and most direct way that occurred to me of doing this was by staging a séance, performing myself the tricks that the mediums use. ArtEe a little hocus-pocus to add solemnity to the occasion—my séance, by the way, was performed in broad day- light—the “spirit” with which I alleged I had established communication asked: “Ts Lieutenant Smith of the Eighteenth Precinct here?” Much mystified, the lieutenant ac- knowledgedvhis presence. “T,” said the “spirit,” talking through me, of course, “am the spirit of. John Brown, whom you saved from drowning at the foot of East Ninety-First Street in 1920. I want to thank you for. that and to congratulate you on your promotion. There'll be another promotion coming to yousoon. Tell your boy Joe not to worry about his examinations; he’s going to pass. And tell your wife not to worry about the baby. The little girl will get through the hot weather all right.” Lieutenant Smith had never spoken to me in his life, nor I to him, so naturally he was thunderstruck when the “spirit” singled him out from the big crowd of policemen present to tell him all this. (Continued on page 155)

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e 2 ¢e Unmasking Spirit Fakers (Continued from page 154) No doubt you, too, would be similarly unded were I—or a medium—to tell you something similar under similar conditions. And yet there is nothing astounding about it. I was able to call that lieutenant by name because I had jearned his name from one of his brother officers. 1 was able to tell him about the rescue because the same officer had told me about it. Y INFORMANT also told me that M Lieutenant Smith had been promot- ed recently, that he was married, and that he had a boy of 12 and an infant daughter. Inasmuch as the schools were scheduled to close for the summer in a couple of weeks, it was easy for me to guess that Joe was worried about passing his examinations. And since summer was coming on, I was quite safe in assuming that Mrs. Smith, like every other mother I’ve ever met, would be concerned about how her baby was going to stand the hot weather. Simple, isn’t it? Yet how mystifying when you’re not in on the secret! A favorite dodge of the mediums, that one! Almost invariably they work it on newcomers to their séances. Sometimes the surprising personal details related by the “‘spirit’’ are supplied by the spiritualist friend who has introduced the visitor, for spiritualists like to make | converts, and if they can do so by helping the medium in his triclzery, they’ll do it. IVE a clever medium a man’s name, address, and occupation—informa- tion that readily can be obtained from the city directory—and with the aid of a few leading questions and a little deduction, the medium can convince that man that he knows the innermost secrets of his soul. I do this sort of thing from the stage regularly as part of my work of exposing the tricks of fraudulent mediums. One cf my most useful pieces of equipment in this connection is a library of city di- rectories of the leading cities of the United States. With their aid I am able to tell persons in the audience most astounding things. Thus, while playing in New York re- cently, my assistant, whom I had sta- |tioned in the lobby for the purpose, telated to me a brief exchange of conver- ‘|gation between two men, overheard while they were passing through the lobby cf | the theater. | “Well, Mr. Blank,” one said to the other, “how are things out in St. Louis?” | “Pretty good,’’ replied the other; ‘“‘we’ ve {sold a lot of cars this year.” With this much to guide me, it re- | quired only a moment to ascertain from _|the St. Louis city directory the full name jand address of a Mr. Blank—the name | TL use is fictitious—who was in the auto- {Mobile business in that city. Later from the stage I called Mr. Blank by name, }told him his business, made the obvious Suess that it was business that had called | him to New York, gave him the assurance of the “spirits” that his business trip would De successful, and otherwise astonished (Continued on page 156) Sa WANTED Your Service Asa Real Estate Specialist—-Make big money—I made a fortune in less than 5 years—Learn how I did it— Use my successful system—Begin at home— In your spare time—Make money my way—Free book tells how RE you in the same hole I was in? Are you stuck in the rut of hard work and poor pay? Are you dissatisfied with your job, your income and your prospects? Are you having a struggle to make both ends meet? Are you putting up with the crumbs of life while others are getting all the cake? Then you are the man I want to talk to. Listen! When I made up my mind to get started in the real estate business, in my spare time, I was receiving a salary of $100 a month. 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I knew this because I myself had ob- served the couple quarreling on the side- walk before the performance began, had heard the wife call the man by name, and had seen him rush into the theater and buy a ticket. On account of the prominence of the persons named, a demonstration cf this sort of mediumistic trickery which I gave in a Boston theater not long ago caused quite a stir. “Is John Lewis Bates in the audience?” I asked from the stage, naming a fcrmer governor of Massachusetts. Governor Bates acknowledged his presence. “The spirit of the late Governor Curtis Guild is here,’”’ I announced. ‘‘Probably you don’t believe this, but I’d like to convince you. The spirit wants to know why you cut off the side whiskers that you used to wear. You used to wear side whiskers, didn’t you?” “Many years ago,” replied the ex- governor. “PIAHE spirit also wished to know if you recall having dined with him at the Algonquin Club in Boston when he was governor about 20 years ago.” “I recall it very well,’’ was the response. ‘He wants to know if you recall the subject discussed. It was Jesse Pomeroy, wasn’t it?” I asked. “Yes,” replied Mr. Bates, thoroughly astonished, while the audience gasped in amazement. “But how did you know?” The explanation is almost unbelievably simple. I knew, of course, that former Governor Bates was in the audience. I also knew that he had formerly worn side whiskers, for I had seen him wearing them on another visit to Boston about 25 years ago. Also, former Governor Curtis Guild, journalist and soldier, was my personal friend. I had been his guest at the Algonquin Club in Boston. He had told me that it had been a customary pro- cedure to present a petition for the pardon of Jesse Pomeroy, the famous boy mur- derer, to each successive governor of the state. Knowing all this, it was easy for me to piece together the tale I unfolded to him from the stage that night. A few facts, and a little artful guessing—that is all the material a clever medium re- quires to mystify the average person. EXT month Houdini will tell other dramatic stories of his adventures with spiritualistic fakers, revealing secrets of their tricks and explaining the ingenious and often startling ways in which he has exposed them. You won’t want to miss the second install- ment of Houdini’s own story in the December issue. at your finger e Know the facts in Electricity. money and better position for an Wey mean Gun tell you. all you need to know about Electricity ides Every important electrical subject covered go can understand it. 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e e There’s Magic in Numbers (Continued from page 30) with numbers and compare the result They the answer on the folded slip. will be identical. oo The secret of this stunt lies in the third and fifth numbers. When you set these down, you see to it that each digit when added to the corresponding figure above, set down by the subject, totals 9. This is how it works: Subject’s figures 16,942 Subject’s ‘“‘ 26,453 Your 7 73,546 Subject’s ‘“ 39,201 Your - 60,798 Total 216,940 LL you have to do to get the total is & to add a 2 at the left of the original figure and subtract a 2 from the right. Thus you can tell quickly at the start what the total will be. ’ What you really have done is to add a pair of 99,999’s to the original number. This is 2 less than 200,000. By adding a 2 at the left and taking away a 2 from the right, you actually have added the 200,000 minus 2. ; To make this trick very mystifying, use a confederate who pretends to be ignorant of how it is done. Let him put down the third and fifth numbers, then you your- self, apparently, have had nothing to do ‘| with the figures,and how you got the answer by seeing only the first number will-be astounding to your audience. A similar trick is one in which you always get the same total. Ask - the victim to write down a number of three figures in which the last figure is 2 less than the first one. Say he chooses 836. | Tell him then to write the figures back- ward and subtract them from the original, reverse these and add. Thus— Number in mind 836 Reverse and subtract 638 Result 198 _ Reverse and add 891 |: Total 1089 The answer always will be 1089, no matter what numbers are used. But this trick, to be really effective, requires a bit of staging. When your victim has finished his calculations, ask him to let you know what the third digit of his answer is. You then pretend to ponder deeply before announcing the answer. NOTHER interesting pastime with figures is to be found in numerology, which purports to be a science that de- termines the influence on your life of numbers corresponding with the letters of yourname. Every letter of the alphabet is supposed to have a corresponding num- ber; and each number is supposed to have a specific meaning. The letters of your hame, reduced to their corresponding numbers and added, are supposed to give you the key to your character and your possibilities for fortune. Obviously scientists agree that there is no science whatever in numerology, yet it offers an interesting fortune-telling game. To analyze your name, first reduce the letters in the name to numbers by the (Continued on page 158) —Until I Found It Then I Gave My Husband the Suprise of His Life “Don’t be silly, Mary. You're perfectly foolish to believe you can learn to play music by that method. You are silly to even think about it. Why it claims to teach music in half the usual time and without a teacher. It’s impossible.”’ That is how my husband felt when I showed him an ad telling about a new way to learn music. But how I hated to give up my new hope of learning to play the piano. When I heard others playing, I envied them so that it almost spoiled the pleasure of the music for me. For they could entertain their friends and family .. . they were musicians. I had to be satisfied with only hearing music. I was so disappointed. I felt very bitter as I put away the magazine containing the adver- tisement: For a week I resisted the temptation to look at it again, but finally I couldn't keep from “peeking” at it. It fascinated me so much that finally, half-frightened, half en- thusiastic I wrote to the U. S. School of Music —without letting my husband know. 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Booklet of valuable information and form for properly disclosing your idea, free on re- quest. Write today. RICHARD B. OWEN Patent Lawyer 6 Owen Building, Washington, D. C. 41-D, Park Row New York City TRADE - MARKS REGISTERED ND FOR THIS FOR DON'T LOSE YOUR RIGHTS TO PATENT PROTECTION Before disclosing your invention to anyone send for blank form *‘EVIDENCE OF CON- ON”’ to be signed and witnessed. A sample form together with printed instructions will show youjust how to work up your evi- dence and establish thesame before filing ap- plication for patent. As registered patent at- i® torneys we represent hundreds of inventors all over the United States and_Canada in thead- vancement of inventions. — to obtaining of patents and schedule of fees sent upon request. Ask for them,—a postcard ff will do. PATENTS AND WTRADE MARKS 274 Ouray Bldg. WASHINGTON, D. C. Originators of forms “Evidence of Conception.” Our schedule offees ff willbe found reasonable. ‘The form “Evidence §f of Conception,”’ sample, instructions relating ff our terms, methods, etc. Send of your invention for Inspec- tion and Instructions Free. Terms Reasonable. Best Ref- erences. RANDOLPH & CO. Dept. 130, Washington, D.C. PROTECT NVENTORS your eas Send for our Guide Book, HOW TO GET A PATENT, and Evidence of Invention Blank, sent Free on request. Tells model or sketch and description Salintateantantentententeatententeteatamen CORRELEL OS There’s Magic in Number! (Continued from page 157) following table, reading it downward: 1232824667 ABCDEFGHI JI KLMNOPQR STUVWXYZ Now add the numbers of all the vowels in your name. The total is suppogeg to tell you what your inner characteristicg are. Next add the numbers of aj] the consonants. ‘The resulting number jy supposed to indicate what outer in fluences for success or failure are attracted to you. The sum of vowels and con- sonants together is supposed to give you the full meaning of your life. Since there are only single numbers in the table of meanings given below, you must reduce any double numbers in your totals to a single figure. Thus if your total happeng to be 46, add the 4 and the 6, making 10, Then add again, 1 plus 0 equals 1. The total to be interpreted then is 1, The numbers and their meanings are as follows: 1. Courage, independence; the pioneer, 2. Tact, kindness, and conventionality; domesticity. 3. A combination of 1 and 2—a many sided nature. 4. The symbol of failure, troubles, and tragedy. 5. The rolling stone, restlessness, short- lived enthusiasm, inability to “stick.” 6. Most stalwart of all numbers; hon- esty; the good citizen. 7. Symbol of loneliness and misunder- standing; beauty of spirit, gentle ness, and poetry. i 8. Material success; wealth and power. 9. Success in the arts; talent, im- agination. money Fok example, suppose your name is “John Roberts.” it out like this Total 17 Vowels 6 6 5 JOHN ROBERTS Consonants1 85 9 2 921 Total 37 (equals 10, equals 1) Final total is 8 plus 1, equals 9 John’s name-numbers, 8, 1, and 9 indi- cate, according to numerology, that his best chances for success lie along the lines of artistic endeavor. He has the support of courage, financial ability, and strength of character. Numerologically, he has an excellent name, and _ should’ not change it. There are two numbers that are excep- tions from all rules—11 and 22. They are not reduced to single figures but al lowed to stand when they occur in 2 name, since they represent genius. The number 22 represents mystic power and beauty; 11, power and greatness. EARTHWORMS as songsters! You think of them as grubbing creatures; but they may lift their cares in melody. A German zoologist, Professor Mangold, placed 4 dozen earthworms under a glass cover and to his surprise sounds of soprano pitch in rhythm came from within. There was no other source for the music present, declared the professor. You would figure |: (equals 8) |, For cars th the mo’ they in thel pave d tion to driver | are all you if even 1c ou in y “But going ¢ you?” or from t] to stor at tha pointir his he even § as you attenti the sc cause ! And | sight- the pe fellow pile u sisted back. young a lot. being his he likew 4 ba drive their traffi do m live.1 ‘e ‘on tl 1 ate t pay : set v sign the | that brak to sl were driv of tl that sign they the whe ave the for tha cen the get dir

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name is d figure |: tal 17 juals 8) |, otal 37 juals 10, juals 1) ils 9 1 9 indi- that his he lines support strength he_ has Id° not 2 excep- They but al- r in a 3. The ver and 1 think ut they yerman laced a 3 cover soprano - There present,

a ‘\on the back of the car, too.

== Foresight Saves a Crash (Continued from page 64) smashed into the wreck forgot a vos important rule of the road. All they were thinking of was getting along in their own cars. What they should have done was to pay a lot more atten- tion to what was likely to happen to the driver of the car ahead. Strong brakes are all right, but what good will they do you if you let yourself get caught where even locking all four wheels won’t stop you in time?” “But suppose you cant see what’s oing on beyond the car right in front of you?” demanded Joe. “Then you should stay so far away from the car ahead that you’ll have space to stop, no matter what happens. Look at that boob behind us,” he directed, pointing to the reflecting mirror above his head. “If I stopped suddenly—or even slowed down—he’d ram me, sure as your name is Joe! He’s not paying attention to his driving—he’s admiring the scenery. It’s fellows like him that cause most of the accidents—if you ask me. _ HEN a man is driving a car, he ought to keep his mind on his job. And he can’t do that if he insists on sight-seeing or turning around to talk to the people in the rear seat. I once sawa fellow run off a perfectly straight road and pile up in the ditch just because he in- sisted on talking to the passengers in the back. He was an old fellow and in his younger days he had driven a horse quite alot. Horses stay on the road without being steered, and he couldn’t get it in his head that an automobile wouldn’t do likewise. - “The whole trouble is that so many ‘drivers don’t use any common sense in their driving. You can make all the traffic rules you want to, but they won’t do much good unless the drivers of cars live up to ’em. “That goes for special warning signals What good ate they if the man behind you doesn’t pay attention? Most warning signals are set wrong anyway. The ‘slow’ or ‘stop’ sign flashes on the instant you press the brake pedal. They should be set so that the light will not flash until the brakes are actually applied hard enough toslow down the car. If warning signals were all set that way, then when an auto- driver saw a light flash up on the rear end of the .car ahead of him, he would know that it meant business.” “You’re dead right about warning signals,” assented Joe. ‘‘But I thought they always were adjusted to light wken the brakes went on?” “They are when the car is new; but when the brake linings wear a bit, the average owner doesn’t bother to readjust the switch on the warning light. And as for hand signaling, just take a look at that flivver in front!” “Gosh!’”’ said Joe. ‘Looks just like a centipede on its back! I wonder what they are going to do?” “One, two, three—six hands out alto- gether—and no two pointing in the same direction!” Gus growled disgustedly.

(Continued on page 160)

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Immediately the hands began waving wildly and then the flivver groaned and chattered as the driver brought it to a halt squarely in the center of the road. Gus waited a moment, assuming that something had gone wrong with the heavily loaded little car, but no one climbed out and voices raised in a wrangle floated back. “Can you beat it!’’ exclaimed Gus angrily. ‘Stopping right in the center of the road while they argue about whether they are going in the right direction!’ Gu kept his finger on the horn button and it finally dawned on the driver of the flivver that his car was blocking the road. “That’s the trouble with hand signal- ing,” said Joe. “Half the time you can’t tell what the car ahead is going to do even when the driver does stick out his hand.” “Yes,” said Gus; “and if any signaling is to be done, the driver is the one to do it. Nobody else in the car should stick out a hand under any circumstances. Lots of times I have jammed on the brakes because the fellow in front stuck out his hand unexpectedly in such a way that I thought he intended to make a left turn, and then after I had burned a lot of rubber off my tires, he turned off the road to the right. Fashions in hand signaling are changing all the time and, to make it worse, the proper signal for one locality may mean something else when you cross the state line. Some day we'll have a standard system of hand signals for the auto-driver that will be enforced all over the country. Meantime the only thing to do is to play safe, so that no matter what the signal means you will be able to avoid a smash-up.”’ “Seems to me,’ commented Joe, “that a lot of signaling is unnecessary.” “It sure is, and usually the better the driver the less signaling he has to do. 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Bi —— Every Day’s Work a Gamble with Death (Continued from page 20) planks and rails, but we had to guess where to put them and we had to tie them together because no wood would stay up in that mess. The water was up over the box cars. All you could see of some houses were the peaks. ' «We worked night and day, 170 of us, anchoring wooden bridges down in the mud with steel rails and hoping to God we'd anchored them in the right places. It was terrible work; no rest, no decent food, no place to sit down and relieve your aching muscles. Only hollering | women and shivering kids. And soldiers riding around in rowboats. Well, it was just seven months before I got home. “PSHE old double-decked suspension bridge over Niagara Falls was an- other tough job. It’s always hard to get materials over rushing rivers—and, of course, a slip means death. Wind hazards on bridges are always con- siderable. The Quebec span, which fell twice, took a lamentable toll of life. On the other hand, several important bridge spans have been erected without accidents: the Philadelphia-Camden sus- pension bridge, greatest in the world; the famous Bear Mountain Bridge, 400 feet above the Hudson; the great Queens- boro Bridge, which connects Manhattan and Long Island City.” Diehl has had ‘'s accidents, too. Once, at Jumes River, Va., he fell 65 feet, and while it may not sound like a soft landing spot, he was mighty grateful to come down on a pile of iron cross rods. They bounced him up and down, and although he couldn’t work for a month ‘and was arnica from head to foot, he’s falive to tell and grin about it. Another time, when he went into emergency ship construction at Port Newark during the war, on what was known as “Fancy Ship 13,” a 314-ton plate hit him and broke both his ankles. He knows, too, how it feels to have four ribs broken. ~~ Up to 10 years ago he was seldom home. The States, Mexico, Cuba, Brazil, Canada, all claimed him. And yet he didn’t travel as widely as some. Quite a few American bridgemen have worked from Alaska to South Africa. The work that appeals least to Diehl is New York’s subways. “You’re being showered all day long,” he says. “Dirt and muck from the street above down your back and in All day long the stuff comes But it’s not dangerous work, be- Some of it’s hard work, because very often heavy tonnage has to be handled to support buildings overhead. The Commodore Hotel and the Bowery Savings Bank, on Forty-Second Street in New York, are both sitting on subways. “The elevated was much more fun. That was something like bridge work. Back in the eighties I worked on one of the first elevateds. In those days we used wrought iron and we had to hammer by hand the rivets that held it together. (Continued on page 162)

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Every Day’s Worka Gamble with Death (Continued from page 161) We had no such things as pneumatic riveters or compressed air. And we had to do 500 rivets a day. Nowadays if you get 500 rivets out of a man using a riveting gun you’re lucky.” Up in the air any sort of a job in wet or cold weather is treacherous. “The men can’t work properly in winter,” says Diehl. “Let a drop of rain come down in cold weather and you see the boys come hurrying down. You can’t blame ’em. The instant a drop of water touches cold steel it turns to ice. And a beam is hard enough to walk on when you’ve got everything in your favor. “Nowadays we believe in taking as few chances as possible. In the old days, the boys used to love to give the crowd athrill. They’d take unnecessary chances on the beams, they’d ride the ball, they’d go up and down with iron, grand- standing. I never let any man of mine ride steel. And I won’t let any bell- ringer of mine tolerate it when I’m not around. No, siree. Suppose the engineer has a sudden attack of heart failure and takes his hand off the throttle? Say it with flowers! ‘*Because we don’t take the chances we used to, hardly any one gets hurt nowa- days. Of course, the men always are getting their hands and fingers jammed, or getting clipped with rivets, or getting bumped by swinging girders. But they don’t really get hurt much any more. There were only a few killed the country over last year on steel jobs.” [ts a wonderful trade, this fashioning of great buildings. And it happens to be peculiarly American. A half century ago, when Diehl ran away from home to his first job, masonry construction towering nine stories was considered the maximum for safety and utility. Then with Bessemer steel and, later, open-hearth steel, a material that would perform with mathematical exactness, the sky became the limit. Bessemer steel, developed between 1850 and 1860 by Henry Besse- mer in England and William Kelly in America, was the first really,economical steel, for by passing air through melted cast iron in a converter they showed how to remove impurities from the molten mass in 15 minutes. Open-hearth steel, developed by William Seimens in 1860, did the same thing only better, bringing forth from a gas-burning furnace a prod- uct virtually uniform in chemical and physical properties. Both processes have made possible the economical casting of large ingots from which various shapes can be rolled. They

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stew eee =ct checked that line. ngineer ication op Practice Engineer — neer 1 Heating d Mapping Graduate e _How a Cowboy-Aviator Hunts Wild Horses (Continued from page 17) western tribes, and these animals, escap- ‘¢ in turn, became the nucleus of the yild-horse bands that now wander north- as far as Montana. While most of these horses—especially in the northern states—are of the ordinary mustang type—small, shaggy, and un- peautiful, but capable of great endurance _often there will be “throwbacks” that show Arabian blood in every line of conformation and in color. Such “‘throw- backs” make up the wild bands of pintos (the Spanish “paint”), which are the spotted horses commonly associated with the circus. Occasionally an entire pinto pand will be found roaraing from one water hole to another in the desert regions. They are as fleet and cunning as they are beautiful, but they are looked upon as.rare prizes today, for they have peen hunted so extensively that few of them remain. “TT’S a queer thing about a horse band,” said Chance Parry. ‘“‘Some of the horses will make first-class saddle animals and others in the same band never can be broken. I’ve taken a first-class saddle horse from a wild bunch—a horse that was easy to break and a first-class horse to ride. In the same bunch I’ve picked up an outlaw that never can be ridden and now is being featured as a bucker at rodeos. “Tf a rider gets near enough to rope a wild horse, he sees that the end of his rope is made fast to the surcingle, which is all his mount carries in the way of trappings, besides the bridle. If he ropes the horse, the rider may get a bad spill. Or the horse may fall and break a leg or perhaps its neck. A band of wild horses may run in numbers from six to 30 or 40. Eaeh band is under the leadership of a stallion. It is that stallion’s job to look after the welfare of his band. “If it wasn’t for the fact that they are driven to the water holes by thirst, the horses never would be caught in any great numbers by the present methods. The best way to catch a band is to build a trap at a water hole. But after the trap has been built, the work has only begun. a A TRAP is a big corral, with a smaller one inclosed, for the brand- ing. After the trap has been built, every- body deserts the water hole, except one man, who is left on guard, concealed in a pit. It is his job to put up the corral bars, in case the horses walk into the trap. He may have to lie hidden there a day or two before a wild horse band comes in to drink. “The horses come in slowly, because things don’t seem right to the stallion, who doesn’t like the looks of the corral. If the wind is in the wrong direction, the stallion will sniff suspiciously and then make off, the whole band following. I believe a wild horse has the keenest sense of smell of any animal. “Once we had our eye on a certain band of horses and built a trap at a water hole. The stallion was suspicious from (Continued on page 164) You need to know about Electricity in these 8 big books Read This No Money Offer Here is an amazing offer—an offer that: will astonish you by its liberality and the. opportunity it gives you to prove to yourself its value—without your having to pay a single penny. We want every earnest man, every one who has a spark of ambition in his make-up, to see these 8 big wonder books on elec- tricity and to know how he can be helped to bigger pay, bigger earnings and a larger place in life by having all these facts at his finger tips. This is the sole reason for making our startling offer—an offer which, as never before, brings these 8 big books within the reach of everybody. 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FOR FREE OFFER USE COUPON Free Shipment Coupon AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY, | Special Dept. E-820, Chicago, Ill. I would like to look at the 8 books described above. Storage Batteries Switchboards You may send them to me on your Great Offer. I will “7 M examine them carefully and return them in ten days— Wiring agnets or if I like them I will send $2.00 then and $3.00 per Radio Coils month until the low price of only $29.80 is paid. | 2 You are to include Free Consulting Membership in Power Stations Motors the American Technical Society. Signal Systems Dynamos Wainet 0 Oe te 5 cue ee The above are only examples of the ! Street------------- woo none nen e een en eee ee- eee ---- | completeness and thoroughness of these | “I SIE ORI Rhee | modern books. Even Electrical Engineers | piptoyed by... --------c-cececccoccoccceceececeece find them of great value. peo eheignee onian meneame e e See Page 144 in In Vas FIZOS | is. iscate for details WANT $1900 to $2700 a Year? 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Remarkable new Circle System of Drawing teaches you in half th: usual time. Send 6c in stamps for booklet and sample lesson ll explaining full details of the THE ‘NATIONAL SCHOOL OF CARTOONING 415 Park Building Cleveland, Ohio STUDY AT HOME Beoeme a lawyer. Legal Be independent, ties now than ever befcre. rations are = Rg add a bps a $5,000 to 310.0007 ‘Annually by “5 Sa can train at home o- =. eonterred. ound amo’ ae ys of every students f ing ng M4 Sarma al text material including fourteen-volume, Law * and “eBvidence’” books free. Send for them NOW. 2 iyo Sulde zon ste Extension Univers LaSalle -L Ch The Worid’s Largest —=Ss oon ~- ed 11 raining Institution it came to me suddenly that they had been How a Cowboy-Aviator Hunts Wild Horses (Continued from page 163) the start, and when he finally brought the band to the hole, we knew the animals had been without water for five days. They came in slowly, the stallion leading. They were at the top of a hill several hundred yards away, when the man who had been left at the trap raised his head instantly. “The movement took only a fraction of a second, and the man hardly showed the top of his head above the sagebrush. But, quick as he was, the eye of the The leader of the band turned and ran, and the other They were almost perishing for water, but the stallion led the horses to another water hole 35 miles away, just because he had seen that one slightly. He ducked down stallion was quicker. horses followed. suspicious move. a, around in a corral. them back. salt. band trapped. “But after you get a wild horse in a corral, it’s no cinch that you’re going to The wild horse is a great jumper and he will risk his neck to make a getaway. Once I trapped a mare and two colts. They were beautiful animals and I was shaking hands with myself when I got them in the I put up three bars of the gate, working from inside the corral, and I thought the horses were as good as mine. The mare kept trotting around the corral, with the colts following. I needed another bar or two to make the gate the full height of the corral, but it was a good slap your brand on him. corral. six feet as it stood. “The mare however, concluded that the gate was not going to be built any higher. She made a dash at me as she came Her ears were back, her teeth were showing, and fire was I knew she meant murder if she could get me within reach of her hoofs, so I climbed the corral fence and didn’t lose any time getting to the top. The mare dashed past me and with a mighty jump cleared the top of the gate just like a bird, and the colts fol- If ever horses gave any one the laugh, they gave it to me as they galloped away from the around the corral. shooting from her eyes. lowed—just like two more birds. trap at that water hole!” UP TO four years old, there is some chance of making a good saddle horse or work animal out of a wild horse. After that age, a wild horse is always a He may be broken and he may travel along with you all right, but he will always be looking for a getaway. wild horse. (Continued on page 165) E other animals, wild horses are crazy about salt. We captured one of the finest bands of horses I ever have seen, simply by scattering blocks of salt We had built the gate of the corral so it would swing inward and close itself by its own weight. The horses were eager to get the salt, but the stallion was suspicious and held Finally the stallion con- cluded that everything was all right, and pushing the gate open, began licking the The mares and colts followed, one by one, and pretty soon we had the whole It is a poor week when Earl Hatfield doesn’tmakemorethanthat \ inhisgarage. At 19yearsofage,a farmer boy, hecameto Detroit the ; Auto Center, and learned the auto bus nes at this great School. Now he hasa fine bus; ness near his home, ismarried, independent, making good money. He is just one one ot ay who have done the same. Michigan State trained men are sucoea fellows, no brighter nor better eduena than you. Practical trainin, ng at the factory endorsed school started them to snconet Make Big Money Tooy o The auto business offers walicaited Lbborta Think of the repair work on 18,000 not nearly enough trained men to’ ry this woe canbeaskilled mechanic and autoelectrician rats Big ee Experience isn’t necessary. 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.RN OING cI ractice oremost and on for trade s Used struction y Day. 7 > 7 1925 ATLAS fWith Maps ./NewEurope » To readers of this magazine who take ad- > vantage of this offer now made in connection ‘Webster’s New International Di cti onary’ Merriam — Webster The ‘“‘Supreme Authority”’ complete _reierence library in dictionary m, with 3 pages and type matter equiva- t toa 15 volume encyclopedia, allina single ume, can now yours on the following kably easy terms: entire work (with FREE 1925 Atlas) ELIVERED FOR $1.00 easy monthly payments thereafter (in ted States and Canada). ou will prob- prefer the beautiful India Paper Edition ch is DUCED ABOUT ONE-HALF in thickness and weight as compared with the Regular Edition > Over 407,000 Vooshutory Terms and in addi- » tion, 12,000 Biographical Names, nearly 32,000 , Geographical Subjects. 3000 pages. 6000 Il- 4 lustrations. Constantly improved and kept up todate. Copyright 1924. : “To have this work in the home is like sending the whole family to college."’ To have it in the office is to supply the answers to count- less daily questions. gene” 2D? ae i i hi i hi hi hi hi i hi i i i i i i i i S = MERRIAM CO. Dept. S., Springfield, Mass. Please send me free of all obligation or @ copy tionary Wrinkles’’ ining an amusing ‘‘Test munciation”’ (with key) entitled “‘The Americaniza- Carver;’’ also ‘125 Interesting Questions ’’ with nces to their answers and striking ‘‘Facsimile r-Plate’’ of the new bindings. _—— of India and Regular paper with terms of your las offer on Webster’s New International Diction- to POPULAR SCIENCE readers. (Pop. Sci. 11-25) Le i ii i hh i hi i hi i Lo hi hh hi he De hi hi i nl > Zz § + 3 ® a a Ne A RAILWAY TRAFFIC INSPECTOR Earn Up to $25 PER MONTH —-, Expenses Paid More Men Needed Enter this fascinating, uncrowd- ed profession. Many opportuni- ties; meet big railway officials. Travel or remain near home; healthful, steady, outdoor work. Position Easily Secured upon graduation, paying at least $110 per month and expenses. Any average man can qualify in LN 3 10S. casy spare-time home ADVANCEMENT RAPID] study. wi t h experience. {SR Can Renee CoM, OMT) Cement Many graduates have found Railway ic Inspection the stepping-stone to bigger things and #ercater earnings. Standard Business re Training Institute, Buffalo, N. Y. Send me, entirely free, Booklet No. D-64 giving full particulars about course MUST TRAIN MORE coer / in Railway Traffic Inspec- tions waiting to bef “4 Ramana TORR I ENORTS . Send coupon MM iccccceeunes acne amon “today for full particu- Tas and low cost. / Se De eae ears I | t Business / * Signing intinste / City. ----------------------- -| How a Cowboy-Aviator Hunts Wild Horses (Continued from page 164) | “TI had one particularly fine horse that was about five years old when I caught him,” Parry went on. “But he was so good that I thought I’d take a chance on | breaking him and making him over into a good pack animal. I kept an eye on him for a while, but he was so docile that he fooled me. “Then, when I was out on a long trip, this fellow pulled his picket pin one night and left me with a heavy pack to distribute . among the other pack animals.” When a wild horse gets away from you after you think you have him broken, you can generally figure on his taking one or more of your. other horses along. N SOUTHERN Utah I was told of a big band of wild horses that caused ranchmen tremendous trouble by re- cruiting fromadomestic stock. At its head was a big battle-scarred roan stallion. Seen through field-glasses, these scars bore mute testimony to his supremacy as a leader. For among wild horses a stallion can continue as a leader only as long as he can defeat contesting stallions. This big roan was wise and speedy as well as an able fighter, and it was a big job to catch him, but finally he and his whole band were trapped. When the bunch was corralled, it was discovered that the horses carried brands of ranchers in several different parts of Utah. That stallion had recruited his band, one by one, and found loyal supporters even among horses born and bred on the ranches. And these latter were just as wild as the others. ‘But not all the ranch horses listen to the call of the wild,’ said Parry, smiling reminiscently. ‘And _ there’s nothing like a good old dependable work horse, that likes alfalfa better than slim picking on the range, to take the non- sense out of some of these wild horses. ‘“‘When we capture a promising lot of young horses, we frequently take a couple of them and fasten them on either side of a faithful old mare. Tied head to head, we turn the three of them out on the range. The ydung horses start at once for freedom, dragging the old mare along with them. For a while the wild horses have their own way, dragging the old mare along with them. Then the strain begins to tell on them. “Along about evening the three horses show up at the ranch, the old mare bringing the wild horses along with her. And maybe those bronchos aren’t tired! After three or four days of that kind of thing, they are willing to listen to reason.” In spite of the constant search for them by hunters like Chance Parry, in spite of their being shot by hundreds at water holes, rounded up and exterminated by thousands in Montana, I believe that wild horses will continue to roam the Western plains for many years. Not even Parry’s plan of hunting them out by airplanes will totally eliminate these splendid animals from the rugged Colo- rado River plateau, where they have run in freedom for hundreds of years. Be a Dental Laboratory Expert! Let McCarrie Train You! Don’t crowd into the old overcrowded trades. Be- fore you decide which line of work to go into—look into Dental Laboratory business. You'll find it’s aninteresting,easy, WELL- PAID Mechanical profes- sion—easily learned in a few months in my big scbools at Chicago, Detroit and Cleveland. H. A. McCarrie, Director, McCarrie Schools of Mechan- ical Denistry, Chicago, Detroit and Cleveland. Many McCarrie Graduates Earn $65 to $125 a Week! 70,000 busy Dentists MUST send their labora. tory jobs to Experts, specialists in the making of plates, crowns, bridges, etc. This business is grow- ing. i The work is easy, interesting. In my big FREE book I tell you all about the wonderful opportunities waiting for trained Den Laboratory men. Rapid, Practical Training I have successfully trained men and women with only common schooling and no pre- vious experience. No text books, no classes in my schools. You learn here by doing actual Dental Laboratory jobs on standard tools which I sup- ply without extra charge. In- dividual, personal instruction only. F I help you get a good job! **Earnings four times larger.’’ I am still with Dr- edina, doing all his work and mak- ing good. My earn- ings are four times larger than before I entered school. Thank you for as- sisting me to this fine position.” We maintain an efficient -CARRILES, Employment Service for the benefit of students Open a who Mie to : “work their 'Laboratory way thru” and gradue of your own ates. No ae charge for Very little this service, capitalisneeded to go into busi- ness when you have McCarrie pride training. My aly. instruction ide OP At includes train- ing in Labor- atory methods and managee ment. R, R, FARE tog Chicago, Detroit or Cleveland to every student who enrolls. Actually FREE, because I have not raised the price of tuition a penny since announcing this offer. For a limited time also, I am supplying every student with a complete outfit of new tools and materials. Tuition within reach of the untrained fellow who wants to get ahead. Easy terms. Mail COUPON for FREE CATALOG and special offers. H. A. McCarrie, Director McCarrie Schools of Me- chanical Dentistry, 1338 So. Michigan Ave., Dept. 1202L, Chicago, IIl. y of Gyauates- ator Labor = of MY see el “i x **Course intense- ly practical,.”’ **Any man who wants to become a first class mechanical dentist can do so at your You teach by —s the student do act te SCHNEIDER, (Penn. H. A. McCarrie, Director McCarrie Schools of Mechanical Dentistry 1338 S. Michigan Ave., Dept. 1202L, Chicago I want to know more about the Dental Laboratory business, your schools and training. Also send me your special offers mentioned in POPULAR SCIENCE (without cost or obligation.) Name

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The follow- ing are a few of the blueprints available: No. 1, Sewing Table, No. 5, Kitchen Cabinet, No. 13, Tea Wagon, No. 15, Workshop Bench, No. 17, Cedar and Mahogany Chest, No. 41, One Tube Radio Set, No. 42, Radio Receiver with three stages of amplification, No. 43, Four Tube Radio Receiver. Send 25c for each blueprint that you wish to a al Science Monthly, 242 Fourth Avenue, New York, aN. . Agents’ names Outline your Wycross Co. BOATS AND LAUNCHES BOATS that always go are propelled by Ford engines. Ford dope free to boat owners. Harry Rider, East Nor- walk, Conn. BOOKS AND CATALOGUES, etc. HAVE you received a copy of our new 32-page ‘‘Ham”’ Bulletin? Hundreds of rare bargains in transmitting and receiving apparatus. Write for copy Free today. Chicago — Stock Stores, 509 So. State St., Dept. P. 8S. 6, Shicago. BRANCH OFFICE SERVICE WASHINGTON mail address $5 month. Established 1920. Add “Service’’, 605 District National Bank i Building, Washington, D. C. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.’”’ It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.”” You'd like to know, wouldn’t you? Address your inquiry to: Manager, Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 250 Fourth Ave., New York. Rate 30 Cents a Word. A10% discount is allowed on ail contracts for six consecutive insertions. Advertisements intended for the Jan. 1926 issue should be received by Nov. 5th Prize Winners in September Contest > The first prize of $10.00 goes to James Monticue of Canton, Ohio, for his letter on E. Palmer’s advertisement. Here is Mr. Monticue’s letter: Dear Sir: The advertisement of E. Palmer, under Money Making Opportunities, appeals to me the most, bothofrom the pleasure and also from the profit part of it. There is also the chance of freedom instead of slaving in a shop. Since I have answered his advertisement I have had all the above besides meeting on an equal footing many of the best people. Every advertisement in Popular Science Monthly should be closely studied by everybody. James Monticue. > Mr. George L. Booth, Chicago, Illinois, wins the second prize forthe following letter on the advertisements for ‘‘ District Managers and Representatives Wanted.” This is his letter: 1S Dear Sir: Its just like this: When an advertisement is the means of clearing over $6,000.00 in nine months, besides establishing a permanent busi- ness, the one concerned should be interested, shouldn’t he? That’s why I’m interested in the advertisements under ‘District Managers and Representatives Wanted.’’ A successful future is ahead of me through answering an advertisement under this column. Very truly yours, George L. Booth. ad The third prize goes to Mr. Cecil C. Kerr, of Fremont, Va., for his letter regarding the American Monogram advertisements. 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The Battle of the Ants (Continued from page 23) the intricacies of higher calculus; but he does seem to be able to count, and that is more than a lot of animals can do. For instance, Ormond Francis Williams, an ant expert of Bridgeport, Conn., tells how on 2 walk in the woods one day, he kicked over a stone with his foot and yncovered numerous cocoons in which the pupe were developing. He picked up a couple with a small twig to investi- gate them. Meanwhile the excited ants pelow began to carry their treasures off to the nest. They took away all the pupe that remained on the ground. Then they came back and looked around. They could see nothing more to get, but still they hunted. The ants evidently had counted the pupz and knew there were just two missing, for when the latter were put on the ground again they were seized and carried off. HE ant is the perfect nursemaid. As soon as the queen has laid her eggs, | workers come scurrying to the spot. Each ‘one seizes an egg in his mouth—hold- ing it very gently—and carries it to a specially prepared chamber, warm and moist. Once there, they classify the eggs according to sizes, and when the larve emerge, they are placed in a circle with their heads pointing away from the center, so that the nurses can hurry around the outside and give them nourishment. There is a species of ant in the tropical reountries that takes its young outside on nice warm days, and parades them up and down, just like the nursemaid-baby- perambulator combination so common in the human race. The ant nursemaids are even more insistent on cleanliness than are the human species. They keep in the nest a sort of moist sponge made out of various soft materials, and whenever a young ant gets its mandibles all dirty or splashes mud ou its antenne, the nurses hurry it to the sponge and wipe its face. [IF WE could find some way to make an ant unbosom himself and, speaking right out from the heart, tell us which of his various marvelous accomplishments makes him proudest, he would probably say, ‘‘My strength!” and then laugh at us condescendingly. For the ant is such a wonderful all-round athlete for his size and weight that he makes the most powerful man on earth appear a weakling. Here is one of his lesser feats as de- scribed by the naturalist, A. D. Du Bois: An ant was observed carrying a pebble from the bottom to the top of a mound. The ant and pebble were weighed, and the height of the mound was measured. For a man to do an equivalent piece of work in proportion to his size, he would have to carry a trunk weighing half a ton up 25 flights of stairs. If that seems marvelous, consider this: A little field ant, in a carefully arranged laboratory test, held in his jaws a weight 8000 times heavier than itself, without difficulty. For you or me to equal that, we would have to be able to stand calmly on the edge of some convenient (Continued on page 174)

ont - the - World r ‘leavin lover Field. Santa Monica, Cal., on 30,000 mile trip. (Wide World Photo.) Daring Young Needed in Aviation

sludent,

HERE is no field of work in the One S. F. McNaughton, world today which offers such amazing opportunities to young men of daring and who love adventure, as does Aviation. Although still in its infancy, there is a crying demand in Aviation for young men with courage, nerve and self-reliance. For those who can qualify there will be thousands of highly paid jobs which will lead quickly Chicago, says: “Your lessons are like a romance, and what is more, after one reading, the student gets a thorough understanding. One never tires of reading them.” James Powers, Pa., another student, says: “I am indeed surprised that such a_ valuable course can be had from such practical men for so little cost.” Personal Instruction by Experienced Men and surely to advancement and success.

Men who have had actual experience in Aviation give you personal attention and guide you carefully through your training. They select the lessons, lectures, blue- prints and bulletins. They tell you the things that are essential to your success. Every lesson is easy to read and quickly understood. Big Book on Aviation FREE PREPARE For One of These POSITIONS Aeronautical Instructor $60 to $150 per week Aeronautical Engineer $100 to $300 per week Aeronautical Contractor Enormous profits Aeroplane Repairman $60 to $75 per week Aeroplane Mechanician $40 to $65 per week Aeroplane Inspector $50 to $70 per week Aeroplane Salesman $5000 per year and up Aeroplane Assembler $40 to $65 per week Aeroplane Builder $75 to $200 per week Big Opportuni- ties Await the Trained Man Look over the fields of work which are open to the young man _ today. You will find that Avia- tion is the ONE FIELD that is not overcrowded— the ONE FIELD in which there is plenty of room at the top. Think of it! Only 21 years ago Orville and Wilbur Wright made the world’s first airplane flight. Now airplanes fly around the world. Yes,

Aviation offers the same wonderful oppor- se gd tunities today that the automobile and ue Book oe motion picture industries did 15 and pice Op 20 years ago. Men who got in on . portuni- the ground floor of those indus- bien iin tries made _ fortunes before ‘2? the Air- others woke up. AVIATION IS 7 plane Indus. NEW! It clamors for nervy try.” It is _ interesting. and instructive and will show you many things young men—and the trained man has the world before him in Aviation. S about Aviation which Easy to Become an you never knew before. Aviation Expert—$50 to Only a__ limited number $100 a Week offered—get yours before the edition is exhausted. AMERICAN SCHOOL OF AVIATION Dept. 1368, 3601 Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill. a AMERICAN SCHOOL OF AVIATION, | 3601 wey fy Ave., Dept. 1368, You can qualify now quickly for one of these exciting, highly paid jobs through a new, sure, easy method of training. The study of Aviation is almost as in-

. 1 rork 7 , Chicago, Il teresting as _ the work itself. Every Without any obligation, send me your Free j lesson is fascinating and packed full of 1 Book, “Opportunities in the Airplane Indus- | : 0 eas emis : try,”’ also information about your Course in interest. That’s why Aviation is so easy oes gpm 8 i to learn—you don’t have to foree your- | } , T self to study—once you start, you can t | ING@TG é.o:o.5. 0s 0 0 0:<'bieinie 0:00 nls 06.05 0k ace ae } get enough of it. Only one hour of spare || Street.............cscsccccccceciseeveceoess ! time day will geve you the basic train- ' MOURNE 1,0. 9: cs0rs 68) eieng ouaresneue Simran TROBE ossneees 3 ing in an amazingly short time, | “

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apse TN SN Drawn from actual phot h of student doing spare time electrical work | Bis M ig Money Electricity How would you like to earn two or three dollars every evening after school and pre- pare yourself for a fine big oe at the same time? ere’s the oDportunity of a lifetime for you fellows who like Electricity, Begin right now to prepare yourself for a regular man’s size job in this fascinat- ing field. Your chances for a big success are simply wonderful—the pay is big (thousands of men earn dg to $200 a week) and advancement comes swift and sure. EI will Train You at Home With my easily learned, sparetime Electrical Course will train you at home likeI havetrained hundreds of other boys who are now big successful men, It willnot inter- fere with your school work and Look What you canearnmorethanthesmall | This Boy cost of the course doing odd elec- Is Doing “Although the trical jobs in — sparetime.The Schoo} term is com- Course pays foritself. I will show you how toget this work and how todoit. Some of my boy students make $10 to $15 a week this way. | manage to keep up Tools, Apparatus and te aiFaees I forgot Radio Course Given | 's, business 1 it Extra Charge Hfletad not beta fr me the coupon below andI tesgeted vy will tell you all about the big out- have seeared my ie fit of tools, apparatus andinstru- | frre fis torn. ments and a new Radio Course {| have all the work I that Iam giving to my students | fo4o°n"eraeing$20 for alimited time. I willsend you . my big interesting Electrical Book and a aomie lesson, too— | schoo all Free. You will betickled wi made $3 and brought the things I willsend you = which fmade§2,60— Mail the coupon right now. Wort er) nq rasteri L. L. COOKE, ChiefEngineer | znished by me.” Chicago ing Works || inis Chestnut ot, Bept. 0-38 CHICAGO Greenville, N.C. Use This “FREE BOOK” Coupon L. L. COOKE, Chief Engineer Chicago ineering Works, Dept. 0-38, 2150 Lawrence Ave., Chicago Send me your Big Outfit Offer, your big Electrical Book, —- Lesson and particulars aF Electrical Extra Radio Course. This 1 not obligate me in any way. FOR Kos a You've heard your neighbor praise the old reliable Pathfinder, the magazine that 3 million people read. You €an try this unbiased digest of domestic and world affairs for a tri- fle. The Pathfinder is in a class by itself—nothing else to equal it; time-tested, wholesome. Chuck full of the choicest reading-— the cream of everything. Science, politics, travel, fun, question box, radio etc. ;real stories, pictures—instruction, entertainment Gor all. Send 15c (coin orstamps) for this big paper on trial 13 weeks, @$iforfullycar (S2issucs). Pathfinder, Washington, D.C. The Battle of the Ants (Continued from page 173) precipice while eight freight cars loaded with iron dangled from a chain passed over our lower jaw. A well-known entomologist has asserted that if any man weighing 150 pounds had the same strength in porportion to his weight as the ant has, he easily could hoist two of the largest modern loco- motives on his back and walk away with them, without even staggering. There is a species of ant in Africa called the ‘“‘bulldog,’”? which Professor Wroughton tells us, can travel along in great leaps a foot long. If-modern man wishes to emulate this achievement, he will have to increase the present. broad- jump record from slightly over 25 feet to 144 feet. The ant is a farmer. It may sound unbelievable, but he has his own gardens that he cultivates, and in which he raises special foods found nowhere else; and he has “‘stables’” wherein he keeps ‘‘cows,” which he “milks.” Consider, for instance, the ants called the “‘leaf-cutters.”? They slash off leaves from trees with their sharp mandibles, carry the leaves down into the nest, and there chew them up into a fine paste that they spread on the floor. Meanwhile other ants have been hunting mush- room slips, which they now carry in and plant in the prepared “‘soil.’”’ The result is a fungous growth that seems to be one of the favorite ant foods. HE ant’s “cow” is the aphid, the green-fly of our gardens. The ant seizes these little creatures, takes them to the nest, and there shelters them and feeds them. In return for this, the aphids give off a honey-dew ‘‘milk’”? when stroked by the ant’s antenne, and this honey-dew is the ultimate in beverages for the ant. Did you ever think of the ant as a sur- geon? He is, though his operations are rather heroic. Among the Brazilian leaf-cutters the following technic is em- ployed: When a patient is brought in suffering from a bad wound, the ant surgeons catch a few huge soldiers who won’t be missed, and, holding the edges of the wound close together, induce a sol- dier to close its jaws in them. The un- fortunate soldier then is decapitated. A number of these “stitches”? are put in, according to the length of the wound, and they remain firmly locked and the wound is healed fully. One well may question whether the disease is worth the cure. Finally, we may note that the ant has that trait so extremely rare among ani- mals—he buries his dead in a cemetery, and with a regular funeral procession. Members of the colony lift the dead body with their mandibles, and, others follow- ing in solemn line, they go outside the nest to the little plot of ground where they bury their corpses. There is much more that this marvelous little creature, such a wonder-worker for his size, can do. In the réles in which we have considered him we have seen him versatile beyond all belief. As to what other wonders he would make known to us if only he could talk, we can but guess. Learn to Play JAZ by Ear in 90 Days Be a master of jazz, syncopation, melody, It is easy to learn at home in your spare time, Wonderful Niagara Method shows youhow, By R. C. JAMES How I used to wish that I could sit down at the piano and pour out the golden syncopation of American melody, like the jazz piano playersI hadheard. How I used to wish that I could be the popular one in every crowd, But I could not play a note. I did not know a thing about music, Niagara Method Shows The Way Then somewhere—just as you are reading this] read of the Niagara Method which makes piano playin wonderfully simple. I sent for Director Wright’s boo “The Niagara Secret.” I read the book, and I knewit was right, I followed Director Wright’s principles, and in notime I had caught on to his ideas. Simple—Easy—Delightful And the best part ofit allis that there is nothing hard about the Niagara Method, Ina short time, by follow. ing Director Wright’s principles and by devoting a part of my spare time to the practical application of his course, { soon learned to play. No tiresome scales—no arpeggios to learn—no weary hours of practice—no do-re-mi—no meaningless exercises, If you know the Niagara Method, you can sit down and reel off any popular song which the high-priced orchestra leaders play in the cabarets, clubs, hotels, dance halls, or theaters, Decide to Begin Now If you have never played a note, or if you do play= no matter how well—you too may become a master of jazz and melody by learning the simple, wonderful Niagara Method. FREE Don’t wait another day. Send the coupon now for the “Niagara Se cret.” This book is yours absolutely FREE. If 10c (coin or stamps) is enclosed you also receive wonderful booklet‘‘Howto Entertainat Piano.” Ronald G. Wright, Director Niagara School of Music, py EAR_}) Dept.799 Niagara Falls, N. Y. CLIP THIS COUPON NOW! NIAGARA SCHOOL OF MUSIC Dept.799, Niagara Falls, N. Y. Without obligation mai) mayen beck’ Thee cret.”” Tenclose 10c for book “How to Entertain at Piano.” Name Street City State........ Music Lessons A Complete Conservatory Course B M *} Wonderful home study music lessons under Vv al great American and European teachers. Endorsed by Paderewski. Master teachers guide and coud you. Lessons a marvel of simplicity = a rite telling us Any Instrument yi contested im Piano, Harmony, Voice, Public School Music, Violin, ¢ Mandolin, Guitar, Banjo, or Reed Organ—and we will our Free Catalog with details of course you want. UNIVERSITY EXTENSION CONSERVATORY. 199 Siegel-Myers Bldg. Chicago, Illinoia CL QO 007 PSs ol ol

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Send for this RADI 9 les * a Radio Mail Order House Will Send You This Wonderful Book FREE _ 64 illustrated pages containing thousands of bargains in radio sets, semi-finished sets and radio kits of all styles, sizes and approved cir- cuits. § tube complete sets as low as $29.50. Beautiful models of the very latest designs and types. Elaborate console models with loud speakers built right into cabi- nets of genuine mahogany and walnut. ALL SETS GUARANTEED. Coast to coast receiving the piano range. Catalogue also contains everything in radio supplies, including batteries, chargers, teat loud speakers, transformers, condensers, rheostats and any other parts you may want for rowd, improving your set or building anew one, Guaranteed saving to you of 1, to 4. W a thi s = _" Wonderful Five Tube Bargain Sensational Offer! 5 Tube Radio Set REGULAR $75.00 VALUE. Our ike, Vay large quantity production enables us to sell this set for ONLY $29.50, fully g this] built and wired in beautiful mahogony cabinet of latest design with sloping o playi Bakelite panel of Satin finish, handsomely etched and engraved as illus- ht’s book trated. Constructed of the finest low-loss condensers, coils 7 I knew} and sockets, bakelite baseboard, panel and dials. PRICE $ 50 - ee. 4} ee le es — n notime Transportation charges extra, shipping weight 25 pounds. e s s s This Set with All Accessories, Including | * nots The Famous American Bell Loud Speaker y follows with adjustable unit, 2-45 volt ““B” batteries, one guaranteed 100 Ampere Hour ng a part morage “A” battery, cable for battery connection, 5-201A tubes, is course, Aerial and ground equipment, and everything complete $ 15 ready toset up and operate. Nothing else to buy. PRICE no weary Tra rtation charges extra. Shipping weight 100 pounds, er exercises, Completeinstructionswithset. . . . . .« .« .« Jown and orchestra H a ¥ Save % to %. Our guarantee protects you. Money cheerfully refunded if you are not nce halls, Order Direct From This Page! satisfied. Write your order and prices plainly. Send post office money order or bank draft for full amount to insure safety. Refer to any bank or commercial agency regarding our reliability. 2. 2.8 RADIO FREQUENCY be Fan dyn jo lay Semi-Finished 5-Tube “‘receivine set Semi-Finished 8-Tube Super- Hetero naster o} . - - - vonderful re . : Send the gara Se. bsolutely amps) is vonderful t Piano,” reat usic, is, N.Y. fo my Y @ \o/ & es | World’s famous 8-tube This special offer is astounding the radio world. Coast to coast recep- Super-Heterodyne zara Be. tion on loud speaker. Low-loss condensers and sockets. Highest quality Fully mounted on panel and base- Piano, transformers. Bakelite rheostats. All wiring concealed under Bakelite board. These pictures show inte- baseboard. 7 x 18 panel fits into any standard 7 x 18 cabinet. Complete in- rior set and how it looks when pts: structions for operating. GUARANTEED SAVING TO 7 5 enclosed in cabinet. Comes com- aeosil rt YOU OF $50.00. Price of set all mounted. Not wired. pletely assembled ready to wire Cabinet of same model as American Radynoia haa and operate. We have testimonials pictured above $5.65 extra — = «of from thousands of builders of this You must have our catalog no matter what set or kit you want. Our line is com- set. Some Have Received Foreign Stations on Loop Aerial. plete and includes all popular sets, such as Superheterodyne, Neutrodyne, Ultra- Unsurpassed in volume and tone quality. Low-loss straight line} requency dyne, Reinartz, Regenerative, Radio F age Browning-Drake, Reflex and all condensers, vernier dials, finest quality rheostats. Matched Remler or Columbia lon rother latest circuits. 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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY . ii x Alexander Liberati Cornet Virtuoso and Leader, Liberati’s Band Masters in Every Sphere of Music Praise Wurlitzer Instruments Great artists of the concert stage — prominent band and orchestra musicians — “kings of jazz” — all meet on common ground in their endorsement of Wurlitzer instruments. They appreciate the rich, mellow tone, the ease of playing and the superior Gislentnihip. And they value especially the caine quality, the hanes, that they find in Wurlitzer instruments as in no others. It is the prod- uct of seven generations of music craftsmanship, more than 200 years experience in musical instrument building. Try any Wurlitzer instrument. You wiil recognize this quality—Wudrlitzer quality —that i made Wurlitzer instruments the preference of master musicians, professional and amateur alike. ry in YourOwn Hor OU may now have any Wurlitzer instrument for a week’s free trial in your own home. Examine the instrument, show it to your friends, play itas much as you wish. Noobligation to buy—no expense for thetrial. We ' make this liberal offer because we want you to see for yourself the superior ¥ quality of Wurlitzer instruments, the result of 200 years’ experience in musical instrument building. You are always popular and sure of a good time if you can play a musical instrument. And there is no easier way to earn money in spare time. Choose Byour instrument now and let Wurlitzer help you buy it and learn to play. Easy “Payments If you decide to buy after the week’s free trial, payments are arranged in small monthly sums. A few cents a day will pay for your instrument. By buying direct you obtain genuine Wurlitzer instruments at moderate prices. Spe- cial offers on complete outfits—velvet lined cases, all accessories, self-instructor, etc.— everything you need at practically the cost of the instrument alone. “~ New Catalog —FREE The greatest musical catalog ever published! Over 3,000 articles — every known instrument described and illustrated; many shown in full colors. Gives lowest prices direct to you and all details of Free ¥ Trial, Easy Payment plan—all sent FREE—no obligation. Send This Coupon THE RUDOLPH WURLITZER CO., Dept. 1788 329 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago 117 E. 4th St., Cincinnati 120 W. 42nd St., New Yo S i Send me absolutely free, your new illustrated catalog, with prices and description of every known musical instrument. Also tell me how I may try any instrument in my own home and pay tor {t in small monthly pay- ments. Noobligatioa. EA: AE TS ee eee eee (State Instrument in which you are interested) +, 1924 Rodcigh Worlitzer Co. Printed by Art Color Printing Co., Dunellen, N. J.