Popular Science Monthly 1922-12: Vol 101 Iss 6

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Christmas Gifts that You Can Make with Simple Tools (page 77 Why Our Homes Breed Sickness in Winter DECEMBER How to Run Your Car on 30% Less Gasoline 25 CENTS

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ERE is something money can’t buy. They may point the way to Big Money for you. See how the modern detective works. Read these inside stories of the solution of great mysteries. See what possibil- ities this most fascinating and eventful of all professions offers to you—and how you may fit yourself for it. Be a Finger Print Expert! To command the highest fees, the Secret Service man must also be a Finger Print Expert. These reports show why. This profession may be easily learned at home, in your spare time. Wonderful opportunity in this UNCROWDED, PROFITABLE 6. field. ae aS T. G. COOKE, President, University of Applied Science 1920 Sunnyside Avenue, Dept. 1369, Chicago, Illinois 2 2 2 i ee a a ——ae T. G. COOKE, Pres., University of Applied Science 1920 Sunnyside Avenue, Dept. 1369, Chicago, Illinois Dear Sir:—-Please send me FREE and prepaid. Reports of Operator 38. "ned new illustrated bonk on Crime and Crime Detection and your pecial Outfit Offer. It is fully understood that I assume no obligation. ee Actual Reports of Secret Service Ope rator 38 More fascinating than detective stories. Con- fidential reports of a real operator— No. 38=to his Secret Service Bureau, headed by the most famous detective in America. Absolutely Free. No cost No obligation. Don’t fail to send for them. Make $5,000 to $10,000 a Year! The unfilled demand for trained Finger Print men is in- creasing daily. Opportunity is waiting for YOU. No time to lose. Send today for these reports, also our big Free book on Finger Prints. Gives all particulars and success stories of our graduates. Brilliant future ahead of you if you act now. Special Offer-Limited Time “Everyone getting these Free Reports will also receive my Special Offer of a Professional Finger Print Outfit, absolutely Free. Made for limited time only. Send coupon today—sure. Reports, Finger Print Bodék, and special outfit offer, all Free and Prepaid. Don’t delay, and Y perhaps forget. Do this right now. Cases of 12 Famous Finger Print Experts Stories and pictures of RE AL crimes solved by Finger Print evidence, Pictures and life stories of famous ex- perts—many, graduates of my school. True facts, but better than fiction. Also Sent FREE— Gee Send the Coupon

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Popular Science Monthly | In‘ every man’s life there is one Big Moment when he makes the decision that either robs him of success—or leads him on to fortune Your One Chance to Eam The BiggestMoney of Your Life ! AVE you ever considered why our richest men come from our poorest boys? Isn’t it a strange thing that it is almost in- variably a young fellow who starts life without a cent in the world, without education, with- out influential friends—in short, without one single, solitary advantage—who accumulates millions of dollars? Isn’t it a miracle that in- side of a comparatively few years a man can rise from abject poverty to fabulous wealth? Astonishing, certainly—but more impor- tant, it is wonderfully inspiring. For it means that no man need be held down by circum- stances. Once he knows the ‘‘millionaire’s secret,” he can put it into operation regardless of all obstacles that seem to block his path. His fancied handicaps simply vanish into thin air. He suddenly finds that everything he touches turns to gold—money flows in upon him—fortune showers him with its favors. Everything he wants seems to come to him just as surely and easily as day comes after night. The Secret That Makes Millionaires But millionaires are not the only ones who use this secret. It has made every great man of history. Think of Napoleon—an unknown Corsican soldier in the ranks—then suddenly startling the world with his meteor-like rise, overthrowing empires, re-shaping the destinies of nations! What is this amazing secret that can work such wonders? It is just this: The thing behind all big athievement, whether in business, political or military life, is opportunity. The man who wins is the man who sees his opportunity and seizes it. The man who never rises above the rut is the man who lets his opportunity pass. To every man there comes one BIG oppor- tunity—the golden chance of his life. And in the moment he decides for or against that oppor- tunity—whether he will seize it or let it pass—he decides the whole future course of his life. How often you hear a man say: ‘“‘If only I had recognized my opportunity when it came—if only I had taken advantage of it—I would be a rich man today.” The world is full of such-men—they plod along year after year—slaving away, hoping that some- how things will take a turn for the better. But their chance for success is gone—it lies buried in the graveyard of neglected opportunity. On the other hand, let a man see and grasp his Big Opportunity—no matter how obscure he may be, how poor, how lacking in advantage— and his sudden rise to success will astonish the world. People will gasp at the amazing trans- formation in his fortunes. millionaire and you will find this to be so. Choose’ Between Low Pay and Magnificent Earnings This very minute you may be face to face with your Big Opportunity—your one chance to earn the biggest money. of your life! Right now your decision may mean the difference between a life of plodding, routine work at low pay and a career of inspiring success and magnificent earnings. For now you are offered the very opportunity that has made other men rich, that has brought them more money than they ever dreamed of earning. It is the same opportunity that lifted Warren Hartle of Chicago out of a job in the railway mail service, where in ten years he had never gotten beyond $1,600 a year, and landed him in a $10,000 a year job. It jumped Charles Berry of Winterset, Iowa, from $60 a month as a farm-hand to $1,000 a month. It brought to C. W. Campbell.of Greensburg, Pa., a clerk on the railroad, a position that paid him $1,562 in thirty days. These men and hundreds more have found their Big Opportunity in the wonderful field of Salesmanship. They are all Master Salesmen now. They are earning the biggest money of their lives—more than they ever thought possible —they are engaged in the most fascinating work in the world—they are independent, come and go as they please—they meet big men—every minute of the day is filled with thrilling variety. Your Big Opportunity may be here, too, in the wonder field of Salesmanship. Perhaps you say you have never even thought of becoming a Salesman. But before you decide one way or the other, examine the facts for yourself. See what Salesmanship offers you—why it is the best paid Read the life of any of all vocations—why there is no limit to what you may earn. Read the amazing proof that no matter what you are doing now, you can quickly become a Master Salesman in your spare time at home—read how the National Salesmen’s Train- ing Association in its nation-wide search for men to fill the great need of Salesmen has devised a wonderful system that reveals to you every Secret of Selling without interfering in the least with your present work. See how this famous organization helps you to a good position in the line of Selling you are best fitted for. The opportunity that the N.S. T. A. offers you .may be your one chance to earn the biggest money of your life, as it has been for hundreds of others. But whatever you do, don’t pass it by without getting the facts. Facts That Will Amaze You —Sent FREE Mail the coupon below. This will not cost you a penny—it places you under no obligation. It simply means that you will receive, entirely FREE, a wonderful, illustrated Book ‘‘Modern Salesmanship’’ and Proof that you can be a Master Salesman. 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2 Popular Science Monthly PopuLaR SCIENCE MONTHLY Published in New York City at 225 West Thirty-ninth Street. DECEMBER, 1922; Vol. 101, No. 6 25 cents a Copy; $2.50 a Year | —— = 15 Why We Catch Cold What Is Your Hobby? , rie would hardly believe that we Americans in this en- EN who ought to know say that the joy of a home work- lightened age are committing a silly crime all winter long bench—the delight of making things with tools—isn’t against good health. Such, nevertheless, is the fact— a simple pastime, but a tonic for better health, longer a fact made clear in the arresting article by Harry A. Mount, life, and greater success in your regular job. on page 32 of this issue. We A short time ago, Dr. Eugene have developed methods of Lyman Fisk, medical director house heating in winter which of the Life Extension Institute, C we flatter ourselves are the delivered, under the auspices ; acme of comfort, and yet which CONTENTS of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, = we could hardly have made a radio talk on ‘‘The Health iu more menacing to both com- ‘ ; : Value of Hobbies’— a talk pon fort and health if we had de- 130 Important News Articles, including: that was broadcast nationally. pene liberately set out to do so! As a medical expert whose wis Simple ingenuity hyp long Page chief function rg = physical pre ago have freed us of this men- examination of thousands of ee se Boas festeeuby Men of the Hour in Science................ 25 tale. Dader Pak m7 aroused to the fact that the How “Borax’”’ Smith Came Back............ 27 speaks with high authority. ye dried-out air of our heated ; ; . a of homes spoils our furniture, Making New Aero Engine ‘‘Commit Suicide” 29 HE man at the workbench a makes us irritable and ineffi- : . on POPULAR’ SCIENCE cient, and lowers our resistance Turbine Locomotive Pushed by Tender...... 30 MONTHLY’S cover this month, - to ailments like bronchitis, . . is the man who is getting the Sl eopiaie. and the oot Why Your Home Breeds Winter Sickness.... 32 maximum out of Christmas for - mon cold. Sailors Battle with Huge Octopus........... 37 all his family—himself _in- pee cluded. And you, by the very on T° AVOID susceptibility to Newsprint Paper from Mexican Hemp...... 39 _ that you’re a reader of si the common cold is only a ; : OPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, | matter of common decency. How to Sit Right and Keep Young.......... 43 are a candidate for the home ye Wherever people congregate, - . workbench hobby—if not al- pean, egg apelin gengincatary “Road Homes” to Welcome Tourists........ 44 ready a devotee. . sance and a menace to the Whippet Racing—Our New Speed Sport... .. 47 health of others. Anybody PP e— P PO EAD Doctor Fisk’s com- as with a statistical mind could I-Beams Bent to Form Truck Wheels........ 49 ments, then, about the figure out a stupendous total of “ hobby of tool using: hours and dollars lost to indus- What Smoke Clouds Cost Our Cities........ 50 “No man,” he said, in part, try through winter illness. - : a “can overwork, who does two | Marvelous ‘‘Water Staircase’’.. sete e enon ees 53 kinds of work: the work by Bu perhaps you may ques- Talking Thread Reproduces Voice.......... 55 which he earns his living, and tion how it is that the dry- the work by which he balances ing out of the membranes of Hetch Hetchy Dam Built at Night.......... 59 life’s strain. Now the business nose and throat, as a result of : : ; man, the professional man, the the arid atmosphere in our Uncle Sam’s Magic Farming Methods....... 61 commercial worker will alike homes, produces the dire effects . : find some mechanical hobby ctied te tt in Mr. Mount’s Jack Binns’ Ten Radio Commandments... .. 68 the best balance to daily toil. article. The answer gives an How to Cut Your Gasoline Bills........... . * "ane seams Dentened hy interesting glimpse into one of By Harold F. Blanchard the tool-using hobby is often the intricacies of the human ee like balm to a tired and dis- system’s defensive powers. How to Make Novel Christmas Toys........ 77 couraged soul. The primitive : The bacteria which produce channels in the body are winter infections are inhaled opened up, and the insistent ' as we breathe, and are living THE HOME WORKSHOP brain is demobilized. constantly in the passages of : “One of the greatest menaces our nose and throat. From the Sixty New Ideas for Tool to health is boredom—an aim- membranes where they lodge Users, pages 77-142 less, lounging condition into flows a mucus generated to kill which many of us drift during them. But constant evapora- intervals of daily toil. A tool- tion caused by the super-arid chest and workbench in every atmosphere in heated homes, home would be among the best dries up the germicidal secre- antidotes for such boredom tions of these mucous mem- POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY “Make a hobby your ser- branes and leaves the germs Issued monthly. Single copy, 25 cents. Yearly subscription to United States, vant, not your master, and it free to attack us. its an and — a, $2. a he aa a ASE may add many years to your ; ntered as second-class matter Dec. 28, 1918, at the Post ce at New Yor life, and make those around ‘ der th f March 3, 1879. Entered d-cl h ’ : ik Saye TION tothis problem Office owt = —aa:”CCe you glad you are alive." is vital an your own home Copyright, 1922, by the Modern Publishing Co. Don’t miss, therefore, our Home _ Tr Toke Peetdens RC. Wilson dy gana UR Home Workshop (page Workshop article next month, O. B. Capen, Secretary and Treasurer 77) opens che door for you telling in detail how to make a to these health-giving hobbies of satisf actory humidifier ° (rae none ane RBI toolchest and workbench. ao

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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY DECEMBER, 10922 How “Borax” Smith Came Back He failed at the age of 66 for $40,000,000 and now, aged 74, is starting a new million-ton borax mine, to “buck” the great company he first created. The story of a k- Nevada wood hauler who became a millionaire at 40 by turning a i once precious chemical into a common household commodity er -” By Dr. E. E. Free ee 7 worked and welded. Only by a : using it could the goldsmiths “4 yc tabeingeeine in scene, refine the crude metal from the we —_— eatric rise in- mines and put together those cidents, crammed like an rings, amulets, and breast- th adventure novel with the plates that the king wore, on Ik doings of some of the most ex- state occasions. Out of borax, " —— Rgirccanays —— also, the king’s artisans made a ever lived, the story of borax the much-prized colored beads, a stands supreme in — three or four of which have of — the romances of indus- been found in the ruins of the sk : ; ancient cities. It begins ete than —_ Today, this formerly pre- years ago, in t e desert wastes cious ally of the ancient jewel- h of Central Asia, and it begins ers’ industry is your own com- . with the King of Babylon. Its monplace companion in life— h, latest act is being played under a byword in nearly every home wd your eyes —. “a = act in the United States. It is a concerns 2 orax mi ‘ one used in the talcum powder, “a time bag: d —— — mouthwash, and eyedrops of oy ezar, by his own hand, of the your bathroom cabinet. It of borax world, still later a penni- : ; less outsider from the great “ company he had created, and The author of this article, 1 now, at the age of 74, owner of Dr. E. E. Free, is shown | a marvelous new borax mine, — = tie clvplene with setting out to play the borax survey of the marvelous game all over again! new borax vein in southern l= Borax is common enough Nevada, on which ‘“‘Borax’’ e Smith staked $250,000— though he was rsonally Below: How borax ore is *‘broke’?—in order to get a now hauled by tractors from back into the borax game 0 the mine shaft across 26 4 miles of desert to the rail- d roa S S e e re? y y 1 Above, F. M. i Smith, who at 24 2 lived in a humble . miner’s cabin in Nevada, and 16 ae a SY years later had made himself czar of one of the most romantic industries in his- tory. His com- pany made borax — once a rare and costly chemical, used only by royal goldsmiths— into a commodity fa- miliar in every home goes into the making of ‘the oven glass in which your breakfast eggs are shirred. It is used in the soaps and washing powders a ———— es - ° er a ae tee alan eG Sanat mee = : and inexpensive enough, today. You of new industries, and who finally made ! | can buy a pound of it fora few centsinany it a household word throughout America. on your kitchen shelves, and, in a compo- grocery. It was ‘Borax’ Smith, as head Now, to the King of Babylon, borax was_ sition almost identical with the ancient of the Pacific Coast Borax Company, who a precious rarity—almost as.precious as royal beads, it now forms the white, smooth put it there. Tt was he and his associates gold. It was because he used gold that he surface of your bathtub. who enormously increased its production. needed borax. Borax was used to clean the Just as today we seek borax in weird and It was they who promoted its use in a score surface of molten gold while it was being remote desert regions bordering Death Val- 27 a an apnea uc emcee eae a= | TS op --

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28 Popular Science Monthly ley, Calif., so the King of Babylon had to send for it to a desert at the very limits of the then known world. On the plateau north of the Himalaya Mountains, at almost the exact center of Asia, is the Gobi Desert. Here are a few shallow marshes of bitter water. In the mud around these ponds the natives of the country found borax crystals. A Long Journey These they carried out on camels to the emissaries of the Great King. The journey was long, dangerous, and ex- pensive. Only the king— or the king’s jewelers— could afford to have borax or use it. 4 The ancient Greek to expand, consoliduie and improve the busi- ness. In 1888 he founded the Pacific Coast Borax Company and this com- pany began its famous campaign to increase the household use of borax. Ten years later Borax Consolidated Limited was organized in Lon- don, with Mr. Smith at its head. The hands that not so Jong before were hauling wood in the deserts, now guided the korax business of the world! Meanwhile the d's- covery of more borax deposits went on, and the drama shifted to the desert of Death Valley. In 1880 Death Valley goldsmiths, too, .used borax and got their crystals from the same A Great White Way of Borax siaee and in the anme [= exposed for more than half a mile along a way. Borax was one of the first chemicals that entered into commerce; one of the three or four “industrial chemicals” of ancient times. For 4000 years Central Asia was its only source and the world used in that period a total of perhaps ten or twelve thousand tons of borax— probably an aver- age of not more than six tons a year. Nowadays the United States alone produces more than 40,000 tons a year! New Riches »A Californian first discovered borax in this country in 1856, and by 1864 our production had reached 12 tons an- nually. The West- ern miners soon be- gan to talk about this new form of mineral wealth — and Francis Maricn Smith, in his humble cabin in Nevada, heard them talk. F. M. Smith, back in 1872, was work- ing as a wood con- tractor,cutting wood in the mountains and hauling it to the silver mines. Blowing a familiar brand of oven glass- ware, which is made chiefly from borax, sand, and _ soda, melted together in a furnace. In the blowing operation shown above, the mold is closed by a lever operated by the = glassblower’s left foot From his cabin in the hills he could look down on two or three of the dry desert lakes that prospectors were discussing as possible sources of this new mineral. Mr. Smith remembered that once he had seen there some stuff that he thought might be borax. So one day he went down to this dry lake to look around. He picked up a sample of some salty surface material that seemed more or Nevada hillside, this great vein of borax ore, 40 feet wide, may be the avenue by which “Borax” Smith will make his ‘‘comeback”’ into the industry he created in his youth. Geologists estimate that this deposit contains at least 1,000,000 tons of borax— enough to supply the world for 10 or 15 years. Dotted lines mark the borders of the ore vein less promising. By accident, as he discovered later on, he had hit upon the very richest part of the borax deposit! He sent word of his strike to his brother in the East—and the firm of Smith Broth- ers was in the borax business. Joining forces with William T. Coleman, a business man of San Francisco, who gave his name to the present chief ore of borax, colemanite, Smith’s concern opened new dry-lake deposits; developed new mines in the hills of the Mohave Desert and re- organized the commercial and technical sides of the business. Presently Coleman retired and Smith went on alone. Surround- ing himself with a group of ex- ceptionally able men he continued World’s Largest Borax Crystal This is the largest crystal of colemanite (borax ore) ever found—taken from the famous Death Valley borax mine. As a rule, the ore as it is mined re- sembles huge lumps of sugar or salt Tunneling into a million tons of borax—a a of the great Call- a ville sh vein was little more'than a dreaded name. A party of emigrants had died of thirst there 30 years before. Government explorers had gone down to look at it, but had come back and left it unexplored. The valley was known to be below sea level, it was covered with rough crusts and crystals of rock salt, and was indescribably desolate. There were stories of poison springs and deadly gases, Aaron Winters Gets a “Tip” About a day’s journey” east of this dreaded valley lived a man named Aaron Winters. He had a little spring of water. He and his wife lived alone in extreme poverty in a single floorless hut of desert stone. His scanty income, a few dollars a year, he earned by selling marsh-grass hay to the occasional prospector or desert traveler. One night he entertained a traveler from Nevada. This man had seen the borax fields and as the men sat that evening beside the fire, Winters heard (Continued on page 111) Mecembei Mal H* co throttle, — This q an autom new airp for the U ing to b extraordi engine— proof st by expe will be it requil to destr hours— Tor M W; edges « back y as tim job of on the: It w plugs » suspec last t] mande ether. on the cautio landlo The lamp the 1 every was § sprint looki on Oo! other but a that elect ~ light havi bous seco I I ge to : pho det per

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thly date usi- ded orax om- lous the rax, ax ited ,OnN- 1 at nds fore the the the 1's. rax ind the ey. ley Ss Os’ BRA RDO Bt SB Pt RB tO Fa ' December, 1922 W long would it take ur auto engine, running cotstantly under full throttle, tc} “commit suicide’? This question, applied not to an automobile, but to a marvelous new airplahe engine, developed for the United States Navy, is go- ing to be an}wered soon by an extraordinary \test in which the engine—mounted on a block in a bomb- proof shelter, and kept under observation by experts working in eight-hour shifts— will be fed all the gasoline, oil, and water it requires, and will be allowed to run itself to destruction. Will it last 50, 100, 1000 hours—or even longer? To run for 50 consecutive hours without My Radio Success HEN Radio and I were kids together, I used to enjoy walking around the edges of high roofs and promenading on back yard fences to erect my aerials. But as time passes I must confess I hate the job of putting up an aerial, especially on these cold days. It was a long time before I fell for the plugs that make an aerial out of an un- suspecting electric light wire. But at last there arose an occasion which de- manded such a_ connection with the ether. I must either spend another day on the pebbled tar, preceded by the usual cautious and fearful approach to the landlord, or else get a plug. Several Types on Market There were already several of these lamp socket substitutes for an aerial on the market, with new ones appearing every day. First I looked at the one that was said to have beaten the rest in the sprint for the patent office. It was a proper looking piece of gutta percha with a screw on one end and two binding posts on the other. Inside there was nothing apparent but a glimpse of brass and mica so arranged that it was obviously impossible for the electric light current to flow from the light wires into the receiving set. Not having much faith in the contraption, I bought another, which, so I was told, was second in the race for a monopoly. I tried all possible hook-ups and finally I got good results. I ran my ground wire to a steam radiator, then I put on the phones and began to adjust my crystal detector. I was prepared for a long period of silent experimentation, but the without a Mounted in a bombproof shelter and fed all the gas and oil it requires, the marvelous new airplane engine, at left, will be forced to run itself to destruction appreciable wear was considered, not so long ago, a qualifying test for any air- plane engine: But last February, this new wonder engine—called the ‘‘U873”— broke all records by surviving a test, at Keyport, N. J., of 300 hours straight! The engineers who had its destinies in charge then conceived the novel idea of giving it all the punishment it would take. f How Armstrong Perry reports listen- ing in on a near-by station with only a lampsocket plug in place of an aerial and with ground and antenna wires touching crystal, the phone tips held in contact with the wires in his hands instant the catwhisker touched a tickle spot I began to get signals. I shifted the tuner a few degrees. A deep-chested fellow was speaking at a banquet table. The more I listened, the more I learned and the more possibilities I began to see in the broadcasting of talks at public functions. Why can’t public officials, municipal, state and national, let us in by radio on important gatherings? But to return to my plug. It ushered 29 Making Powerful New Aero Engine “Commit Suicide” HOW LONG BEFORE THIS WONDER ENGINE RUNS {TSELF TO DEATH 9 The unprecedented endurance test will probably be under way while this magazine is in your hands. Quantity of gasoline and oil consumed, horsepower delivered and water temperatures will be recorded by special apparatus. The lessons learned will enable engineers to build even more powerful engines for long-distance airliner flights of the near future. n Aerial—By Armstrong Perry me into many places. One of them was the broadcasting station of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company. They had three separaté musical organizations that night. With my crystal detector and the plug the music came across as clearly as though I were in an adjoining room. No tube noises, no atmospherics, nothing but superlative music. Radio Service plus Simplicity It looks to me as though these lamp socket plugs are going to introduce the joys of radio to thousands of conservative folks who have held off from buying a radio set because they did not know how to solve the antenna problem. The coil aerial, the super-regenerator and other radio developments tend to solve the same problem, but not yet for the man or woman who must have simplicity as well as service. The plug any one can understand . and use. No lightning arrester or switch is needed. Another five dollars saved. It seemed wise, before waxing too en- thusiastic over the little plug, to find out whether mine was an exceptional ex- perience. I tried out the plugs in a down- town steel-framed building. Sometimes a steel frame soaks up the radio waves and leaves the listener in an aerial desert. I found that music, voice, and code came in this building as well as in my own room. I was very near the broad- casting station, however, and am told that in crowded city districts success with these devices is far from certain. I took set and plugs to William Hen- derson’s in uptown New York. Willliam (Continued on page 115)

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30 Popular Science Monthly New Turbine Locomotive Revolutionary Swedish Engine Saves Fifty Per Cent in Fuel TURBINE FAN SUCKS FLUE GASES FROM FIRE GRATE SUPERHEATER —_ -~ COAL CARRIED IN HOPPER OVER BOILER «.% ” | — \ fy WAY 1 STACK Sy fa HEAT | INCOMING a AIR hw ¥ _w@OBGeisian.. OUTSIDE AIR PASSES THROUGH THESE HEATING TUBES TO FIREBOX The cutaway view of the new Ljung- strom turbine locomotive shows how the inventor has placed a highly efficient modern power plant on wheels By Wilfred Ogden coal is turned into useful work! And at least 35 per cent of the steam generated is wasted. Compare this record with that of combining in an amazingly compact the modern stationary turbine power plant, Although the American locomotive has A MODERN power plant on wheels, form the most advanced fuel-saving and steam-conserving devices of a highly efficient power station—such is the revo- lutionary turbine locomotive perfected by a Swedish engineer, Fred Ljungstrom. Burning less than half the fuel consumed by a Twentieth Century Limited locomo- tive, yet attaining equal power and a speed nearly as great, the strange tur- bine monster has given such re- markable performances as to at- tract international attention. Economy in Fuel and Labor While some locomotive design- ers have expressed doubt that the Ljungstrom design will be suit- able to American transportation needs (largely because of its high cost of construction), they do see in it a distinct advance in steam locomotive building—a well nigh perfect piece of mechanism repre- senting greatly increased economy in fuel and labor. Ingeniously arranged in the engine proper are boiler, firebox, superheater and air preheater, such as have brought stationary power plants to high efficiency, while on the “tender,” instead of the usual pile of coal, is the turbine and a huge condenser where exhaust steam is conserved and converted for use again in propelling the six drive wheels beneath the tender. These recognized advantages in economy—whether or not they can be successfully adopted on American railway lines in the future—emphasize at least the enormous rate at which our huge modern railway locomotives are digging into America’s coal pile— and wasting it. As the Twen- tieth Century Limited or the Empire State Express rushes along the tracks, only about 6 per cent of the heat from burning which Inventor Ljungstrom has put on wheels, and in which approximately 14 per cent of the heat of coal is utilized! Old Block TENDER U AIR FED TO I FWWE GASES AND ONLY TO CARRY ONNECTING FUELAND WATER FIREBOX C ROD RECIPROCATING UNCONDENSED STEAM WITHOUT PISTON WASTED THROUGH PREHEATING : STACK How. About American Railways? ya more powerful, more complicated, and more efficient, the huge Pacific type locomo- tive that draws the Twentieth Century Limited (at top) is in some important respects little more than an Overgrown copy of its diminutive reciprocating granddaddy—the New York and Harlem Railway’s “Big Six” of half a century ago. Essential fuel wast- ing features of the old timer, as indicated above, re- main little changed in the modern flier. “For the purposes of economies in fuel and labor,’’ says Robert Rennie, consulting engineer of the Amer- ican Locomotive Company, in a statement to Pop- ULAR SCIENCE MoNnrTHLY, “‘it is admitted that there must be more or less of a revolution in the design of locomotives, but I doubt whether the steam turbine locomotive, as developed by Ljungstrom, will be more than a passing phase because of the tremendous cost of its construction and maintenance.”’ “It is my belief that the revolution in locomotive design in America must be along the lines of an engine that will employ internal combustion.” been improved and made tremendously powerful in recent years, in principle it is exactly the same as it was nearly a century . ago. A Chip off the Our reciprocating engines have become . more powerful; more complicated machin- ery has been used, and yet the thermal efficiency—or amount of power obtained from each unit of coal— has increased but slightly. There have been attempts to deviate from the reciprocating type of engine, but in the end designers have returned to the first simple type embodied in George Stephen- son’s famous belched volumes of flue gases and uncondensed, wasted steam through its tall bell-topped stack, nearly a century ago. How Fuel Is Wasted Our giant locomotives, direct descendants of Stephenson’s Rocket, still exhaust steam for the purpose of producing a draft for the firebox. They still draw cold air for the fire, despite the fact that preheating gives more complete combustion and greater economy of fuel. And, to a large extent, we have failed to make use of advantages which have ac- complished labor saving in sta- tionary power plants. Much-of the carbon is incom- pletely burned, as evidenced by the soot along rail lines. A large part of the heat produced by this incomplete combustion is permit- ted to escape through the flue. gases, and no means have been devised for making use of the hot steam exhaust. Apparently the reciprocating engine has about reached the limit of its development along present lines. The problem now seems to be the construction of a “Rocket” that”

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ower yal— ‘here viate e of ners mple hen- that” aSeS eam ack, December, 1922 Is Pushed by Its Tender 31 Coal Is Carried above Boiler; Geared Drivewheels in Tender EXHAUST STEAM PASSES THROUGH THESE _/ RISERS TO CONDENSER TUBES. HOT. NRE oF 4 CONDENSATION: 4 THREE DRIVE WHEELS, UTE sthitiaaa if PROPELLED BY TURBINE THROUGH GEARING r \ OE A en = $5 ences Sesame” ees sire etme eat § PB wee en ole eee CES res, = In tests on the Swedish State Railway (below), the new turbine locomotive developed twice the power of the finest American locomotives with a speed nearly as great self contained, self propelling power plant, so compact that in size it will not exceed, but rather be smaller than the present lo- comotive, and yet of equal power and greater efficiency. Except in size and expense of construc- tion, the Ljungstrom locomotive would seem to meet ‘lie requirements. There have been perfected abroad three types of turbine locomotives, all of which are now in operation. All are effective in labor and fuel saving, but only one—that perfected by Ljungstrom—has proved ca- pable of continuous operation. The other two types, because of their condensing systems, are dependent upon weather con- ditions for successful operation. Coal Carried above Boiler Unlike its predecessors, the loco- motive proper is designed in two units. The first of these contains the steam generating apparatus (including fire- box, boiler, and superheater), as well as air-preheating apparatus, controls and coal bunker. Strangely enough, the coal is carried, not on the tender, but on top of the engine, above the boiler. The second part, correspond- ing to the tender, contains the main turbine, condensers and hot-water well with the -auxiliaries. In all, the length of the locomotive is 72 feet over the buffers, and its weight 126 tons. The motive power is a condensing steam turbine capable of developing 1800 horsepower which drives the tem of flues, which are heated by the flue gases. This air is heated before reaching the firebox, the hot air aiding in combus- tion. The air then passes through the fire and burning gases, proceeding over an arch through the boiler tubes and the super- heater. Leaving the boiler tubes at a temperature © Popular Science Publishing Co., Inc. of about 600° F., the gases are conducted to the air-preheating device previously mentioned. From here the gases are drawn up through the stack by an in- duced air draft. This is said to be the first time that air preheat- ing has been success- fully achieved on a locomotive, despite the obvious benefits to be obtained by it. Steam is led from the superheater through the controls to the main turbine, where it gives up a portion of its energy to drive the turbine, which in turn, drives the locomotive wheels. The exhaust steam then enters the condenser, to be cooled by air drawn in by a set of vanes built into the side of the tender. The water thus formed is returned to the hot well. A condensate ‘ pump then returns this water to the first of a series of three feed water heaters where the temperature is raised to 194° F. by steam exhaust from the condensate pump. This tem- perature is raised to 232° F. in the second of the series of heaters, and after passing through the third and last series, where the temperature reaches 295° F., the heated water is conducted to the boiler, and the cycle repeated. Equal Power with Less Coal The tractive effort developed by the 126-ton locomotive is 12 tons and the maximum speed 60* miles an hour. The tractive effort of the average Atlantic type of American locomotive is the same—about 12 tons—and its 1600 FEET Fifty Million Tons of Coal Wasted! three pairs of coupled wheels on the “tender” by means of double reduc- tion gearing. Cold outside air enters the front of the locomotive through a boilerlike sys- Of the hundred million tons of coal consumed every year by American locomotives, at least half, as indicated above, might be saved if highly efficient turbine engines could be sub- stituted for our present necessarily wasteful type maximum speed 75 miles an hour, while its average weight is from 95 to 100 tons. The turbine locomotive is capable of accomplishing the same results as its modern reciprocating cousin on less than half the coal.-

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32 The Air in Your House in Winter Is Dryer than Sahara Desert Air Popular Science Monthly Why Gu ems Breed Winter Sickness — Evaporating 20 Gallons of Water Daily in Average Home Is Necessary for Health— How You Can Cut Down Doctors’ Bills by Increasing Humidity of the By Harry A. Mount ‘ AHE room in which you sit as you read this is probably dryer than the dryest desert. This fact you can easily verify for your- self, and, finding it true, you may be sure your home in winter is a most unhealthful place in which to live. For this fact you have the word of a number of competent scientists and investigators, each of whom, by a different method, has reached the same conclusion: It is the lack of moisture in our homes, offices, and factories that ac- counts, in large part, for our annual winter crop of colds, grippe, pneumonia, bron- chitis and general lowering of vitality. In fact, the sharp, rapid climb of the death rate itself from an extreme low point in mid-October to a peak in mid-February is in part attributed by scientists to the parched at- mosphere in our homes, rather than to conditions outdoors. The accumulated volume of scientific evidence reveals, then, that you are confronted with a serious indictment of health conditions in your home in winter—condi- tions condemned theoretic- ally by every expert, yet uni- versally allowed to exist. De- spite this neglect, however, you can, even today, alleviate the sit- uation by methods to be later de- scribed. On the other hand, wholly adequate relief is not in sight until pub- lic opinion actively demands the heating system improvements which manufacturers are now in a position to devise. False Standards of Healthful Air Now please don’t rely on your personal experience to defend your home against this charge of unhealthfulness. It has been demonstrated that our physical senses and the ordinary thermometer are not to be de- pended on, either to tell us how much heat is in the air, or how healthful that air may be. Our common impressions of temper- ature, weather, fresh air and the like are based on false standards, and are nearly always wrong. Actually, you do not heat your body at all by warming your home in winter. A Air You Breathe Indoors temperature of from 70 to 80 degrees is below the normal bodily temperature of 98 degrees, and, since the human body offers no exception to the laws of nature, it would be impossible to heat that body with air at a lower temperature. Indeed, your body is constantly losing heat. Another universally accepted and alto- gether erroneous idea is that the tempera- ture for a house in winter should not fall below 70 degrees. In fact, many women who spend much of their time indoors feel uncomfortable until the temperature reaches 80 degrees or more. Yet we are assured now that any person can be per- fectly comfortable at 64 degrees under the proper conditions of humidity and that this temperature, or at the most, 68 degrees—is the ideal tem- perature for health. Further, we have been carefully taught to avoid drafts. Yet we are now told that a brisk circulation of air is desirable. Some scientists even declare that unless the air is too dry, drafts will do no harm to a person of normally healthful resistance. Except, perhaps, in a crowded auditori- um, it is practically impossible for healthy human beings to poison the air by exhala- tion from the lungs, these scientists declare, because, even in the best built houses, enough fresh air leaks in to furnish a com- plete change of air about once an hour. Finally, it probably will be hard to con- vince many persons, including some of our best physicians, that a “moist” climate, except for tubercular cases, is more health- ful than a dry one. Yet statistics gathered from every part of the globe prove that a clear dry climate which remains “ideal’’ the UST why the dryness of the average heated house or apartment in winter is the cause of colds and even more serious chronic diseases is explained in a statement exclu- sively for ROPULAR SCIENCE MONTH- LY, readers by Dr. C. Ward Crampton, De, ©, Berd formerly director of international au- thority on physical training and general hygiene of the body. Here’s what Doctor Crampton says: “If people fully realized the importance of the astonishing fact that there is twice as much water in the composition of the ‘ human body by weight as there is of all other components combined, water would be regarded more highly. “You are continually bathing your nose and throat, bronchi and air vesicles in the ungs with a fluid called air which normally contains from 40 to 60 per cent of satura- tion with water. If it contains less, the body tends to become dry internally. “In an atmosphere such as found in the Why Your Body Needs ‘“‘Watered”’ Air Crampton, "scx te ew or ity © — — public schools and modern apartment, the drying process would proceed to the point where it would cause death were it not for the fact that the mucous membranes of the nose and throat rebel and refuse to part with the precious fluid. But in doing so, they themselves become dried, ulcerated and subject to disease. Bacteria, lodging in them, become sources of supply of bac- teriological toxins that enter the tissues, causing chronic diseases such as rheuma- tism and heart disease—and contributing toward inflammation of the kidneys and hardening of the arteries.”’ Air Robbed of Moisture Equally important to your health are the statements of Dr. Wolff Freudenthal, of New York, internationally recognized authority on nasal catarrh, prevalence of which in the United States is directly attributable to lack of moisture of air in homes and offices. Says he: “Our centralized system of heating robs the air, which is heated in the cellar, of most of its moisture. In this condition the air is transmitted to our rooms, where it absorbs all the moisture there present. The result is that the humidity of the air we inhale is abnormally reduced, and the mucous membranes of our throat, nose, and respiratory tract are overworked, producing chronic catarrh with its usual accompanying disorders.”’

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aught 1 that Some he air erson litori- althy chala- clare, Duses, com- . con- f our mate, salth-. hered hat a ” the d rt tw eS Om =u tt Pt, December, 1922 33 a a er, ‘‘It Isn’t the Heat It’s the Humidity”’ This familiar summer ex- perience of feeling too hot one day and very comfort- able the next, even while the thermometer reads the same, proves how humidity affects bodily comfort It Isn’t the Blizzard that Chills You Extremes of heat and cold are not unhealthful. It is the superarid temperature of the modern home that makes yuu suffer and weak- ens your health defense when you go out into a winter storm Nuggets of Truth about Relative Humidity and Your Health a =S SAS It Isn’t the Draft, but the Dryness A brisk circulation of air is healthful, and if your re- sistance is up to normal, a draft in a properly humidi- fied room is less dangerous than you—accustomed to superheated air — suppose It Isn’t the Radiator, but the Moisture that explains your feeling of comfort or discomfort in the winter. In a properly humidified room, a tem- perature as low as 65 or 68 degrees is healthful and comfortable year round is not to be preferred to one with wide fluctuations of temperature, and that “moist” climates have lower death and sickness rates than have “‘dry’’ ones. Like many other revolutionary scientific discoveries, these amazing revelations about humidity and health grew out of an individual necessity, in no way presaging the application that was to follow. The owner of a large printing plant for fine color work in Brooklyn, N. Y., observed that when the air was too damp, as in summer, he was troubled with “offsetting” (the transfer of freshly printed ink from one sheet of paper to the next). So he ap- vention of the machine itself was the fact that Carrier foresaw the application of the machine to other industries where products are affected by weather conditions —such as textile mills, candy factories, woodworking mills, tobacco and macaroni factories. “‘Why not close the doors and windows and manufacture your own weather to order inside?’”’ was the question he put to manufacturers, with the result that he was given permission to test his plan. And so, before long, in a number of fac- tories, machines similar to the one made for the Brooklyn printer were grinding out weather by the thousands of cubic feet! Today, at the age of 46, Carrier is head of a large corporation in Newark, N. J., devoted exclusively to the manufacture of “weather making’”’ apparatus. The importance of Carrier’s invention to the future improvement of health in our homes is found in the actual results it has already achieved. For example, one of the weather machines, installed in a large tobacco factory, at a cost of about $25,000, paid for itself in just 30 days by preventing the tobacco from becoming too dry for handling. Careful records revealed not pealed to a large heating and venti- lating concern in Buffalo to supply Two Efficient Humidifiers You Can Make only a saving of $25,000 a month in tobacco, formerly wasted as harmful him with some sort of apparatus to add moisture on dry days and remove it he ig on damp days. ts Problem Solved The apparatus then available was unsuited to the needs of the printer and the problem was 2 turned over to a f young engineer, Willis Carrier, just out of school, who had displayed an inventive turn of 4 mind. a Carrier solved the vee | problem by design- - = ing a machine along entirely new lines that not only auto- matically regulated the heat of the printing plant, but the moisture in the air as well. The ma- chine was so sound in principle that it became the model for all subsequent machines of the kind. Far more impor- tant than the in- WICKS KEPT WET BY CAPILLARY HESE types of humidifiers for steam, hot water, or vapor heating systems, designed by E. P. Lyon, dean of the Uni- versity of Minnesota Medical School, may be constructed easily and cheaply. They are attached to the tops of radiators. Complete working drawings and details of construction will appear in the Home Workshop Department next month. The type at left consists essentially of an upper series of eight water-filled feed troughs, from which are suspended drip cloths that dip into the water, and a lower series of receiving troughs. At right angles to these troughs are two cross troughs, the upper one serving as an intake dust in the air, but crease in the per- sonal efficiency of the workmen. In Ford Plant Henry Ford, after supplying his ex- ecutive offices with “manufactured weather,’ found the efficiency of his office employees so increased that he later installed air humidifying appar- atus throughout his entire plant. The beneficial re- sults of Carrier’s moisture. for the feed troughs, the lower as an out- let for the receiving troughs. The wicks are kept wet by capillary action. Excess water runs off into the re- ceiving troughs, and from there to the overflow. Warm air from the radiator cir- culates between the wicks, absorbing The second type, at right, consists of a number of galvanized iron trays filled with water and placed one above another, with half inch spaces between trays. They are arranged so that air rising from behind the radiator is forced over the water in the trays, absorbing moisture. This type of humidifier is filled by hand. work have been sub- stantiated by sev- eral scientists who have experimented independently of the manufacturer. Dr. E. Vernon Hill, of Chicago, recognized as one of the fore- most authorities on the _ physiological effects of tempera- ture and humidity, verifies Carrier’s conclusions, as does Dr. Cc. Ward a 25 per cent in-. nanan amen TSS TT ST Pe ST ETS eb RON cs eR ye So me — ee ee Re

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CONDIT neces TO CIRCULA P sachets , - . { "7 a HEATER COILS TO RAISE AIR DESIRED TEMPERATURE Factory ‘*Weather Maker’? BOVE is explained in a simplified way the revolutionary humidifying system invented by Willis Carrier (inset), which is saving thousands of dollars to manufacturers and preserving the health of workers. Out- side air blown into a spray chamber comes in contact with a very fine mist of water. Evaporation of a portion of this mist humidi- fies the air, the amount depending on the relative temperature of the water. Leaving the spray chamber, the humidified “——~ OUTLETS FOR Dal HUMIDIFIED “AIR Popular Science Monthly Saves Health and Dollars air passes between baffle plates, which remove all unabsorbed moisture and solid matter. From these the air passes to heating coils, where it is heated to maintain the required temperature. The illustration above shows circulation ducts and outlets in a tobacco factory work- room, where Carrier’s ‘‘weather making”’ ma- chine paid for itself in 30 days by preventing wasteful drying of tobacco, and increased the efficiency of workers 25 per cent. much more healthful than dry climates of the temperate zones and that the jump in the death rate in winter undoubtedly is closely associated with the low humidity of our homes during the heating season. Proof of Our Neglect readily explained despite the seemingly mysterious fact that the Eskimo, amid arctic ice and snow, and the savage under a blazing sun have exactly the same bodily temperature as we who live in more tem- perate climes. The body generates an ex- cess of leat, endeavoring to lose it at roa tru: roa: be spe alt spe exactly the same rate at which it is gener- So it is that today we are confronted with an array of authority to prove that prob- pha ably in the whole of the United States For Steam ;' to t there are less than a hundred homes, and Radiators / in s but a very few offices, where the air is This noiseless of humidified to the degree vitally necessary valve, which . mo! for our health. Only about 25,000 of our fits the aver- sine millions of industrial workers spend their age steam ra- two working hours in properly humidified air. diator, allows ! Just what are the conditions of heat and ne m- the humidity, as they affect our bodies, that CaP¢ into the | y, as they affect our bodies, tha air in sufficient of | must form the basis of any attempts to quantity to vol remedy the injurious defects of our present humidify the ove home heating systems? room of The ability of the body to maintain a ot | constant internal : ; fro For Steam, Hot Water temperature is ated. This excess heat the body loses in “a or Vapor Systems (OA three ways—by conduction into the air, by Le Fitted between the coils of the radiator a radiation, and by evaporation. The loss ele Side -aitths enter Hoe, hs two-quart of heat by conduction and radiation is i supply tank, the wick of this home caused largely by factors that cannot be ole humidifier, now on the market, is said controlled from within the body, but the tic to evaporate a_ surprisingly large third method—evaporation—is the body’s al volume of water chief means of controlling its temperature. Crampton, of New York City, who How We Lose Surplus Heat it has made an extensive study of the . of subject. The University of Illinois, When we become overheated, the body DI with the support of the National Warm throws out more moisture to increase the ‘ Air Furnace Association, the American rate of evaporation, and, as the body cools, . Society of Heating and Ventilating the rate of evaporation decreases. The loss . Engineers, and the United States of heat by evaporation from the mem- : branes of the respiratory tract and the lungs is controlled by a faster or slower rate of breathing. Control: of the muscles of breathing and of the millions of sweat glands in the skin is effected automatically by means of a marvelously contrived sys- tem of nerves, without volition on our part. The body, however, cannot entirely con- (Continued on page 110) Bureau of Mines in Pittsburg, has completed investigations that prove : the importance of humidity in heating. ‘ For Hot Air Systems Finally, Dr. Ellsworth Huntington, re- ‘For the hot air heating system, tests search associate professor of geography at show that the most satisfactory humid- Yale University, gathered statistics from ifying device is an evaporating pan in every part of the globe, showing the rela- ns c= gp — sty —_ tion of climate and death rate. Charts he vd ; , 7 tank. A float valve automatically has compiled reveal that moist climates are controls flow of water into the pan tet a wm ___ Popular Science Monthly Decei

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sve er. ils, red ion rk- la- ng ‘ingly amid der a odily tem- nN ex- it at ener- s in *, by n is t be the dy’s ure. ody the ols, loss 2m- the ate of eat lly ys- wt. on- hy, Dezember, 1922 HIGH GEAR ' LOW GEAR Sisvetions Platform Lifts Baggage to Car Floor UPPLYING what is said to be the first important improvement in rail- road platform trucks in many years, a truck now being adopted by many rail- roads consists of a platform that can be raised and lowered to car height by a worm gear operated by a hand crank. The gearing is arranged so that the speeds of elevation and descent can be altered to suit the load. Using the high speed gears, one man exerting a force of 20 pounds on the crank can rajse the platform to the level of a baggage car door in 11 seconds. Jolting Machine Tests Shipping 35 Boxes HIPPING boxes under test at the United States For- est Products Labor- atory at Madison, Wis., are now being subjected by ma- chine to the same type of rough usage they would receive if they were part of the contents of a freight car. The testing machine was specially designed for the work. A heavy - steel table geared to motor driven eccen- trics represents the floor of a freight car. A box placed on the table receives all the jolts, jars, and sud- ae den strains that it would receive if in actual service. Va- rious train speeds can be simulated, and even the stopping and starting character- istics of freight trains realistically imitated. As the result of tests with this and other Voice Records to T°? SUPPLEMENT the photographic images of famous men that will be handed down to posterity, a voice museum recently opened in Germany will make and store phonographic records of the voices A steel table geared to motor-driven eccentrics subjects boxes to all the jars and jolts of a freight car machines, the laboratory has worked out a series of standards for the manufacture of shipping boxes that will withstand the stress of transportation. Last 10,000 Years of persons internationally distinguished. By means of a secret chemical substance applied to the record, Professor Doegen, the originator of the museum, declares that the records will last 10,000 years. Mastodons and Palm Trees Compete in World’s Ivory Market page dead mastodons from Siberia, walruses from the arctic seas, and ele- phants from Africa and India contribute to the million dollars’ worth of ivory now in storage on the ivory docks feet and a weight of from 50 to 165 pounds. While the price varies with the demand, good quality tusks at a recent sale in Lon- don were sold at the rate of $5000 a ton. of London. Fully as much more can be found at Antwerp, since these two seaports are the two principal buyers of ivory. Although ivory enters into the manufacture or decoration of a host of articles, the total volume of the trade is seldom over 500 tons a year. Not all of this ivory is new. Much of it has been exhumed or taken from old collections of natives who have hoarded it for years. Less than one fourth of the Because of the scarcity and high price of genuine ivory, vegetable ivory—obtained from the tagua nut—is being widely em- ployed in the manufacture of buttons and similar small articles. The tagua nut is the seed of a species of palm tree that is found growing profusely in the tropics of South America. To supply the leading vegetable ivory centers at Rochester, N. Y., Brooklyn, N. Y., Newark, N. J., and Springfield, Mass., the United States alone imports annually approximately about 10,000 tons of these nuts. elephant tusks received on the market comes from newly Above: Workers on ‘killed animals. Siberia in par- pa agg a oo ticular is a prolific source of old ivory. Ivory varies widely in its composition and wearing qual- ities, depending on the location of its source. The African province of Cameroon is said to deliver the ,highest grade of ivory for general purposes. Egyptian ivory is desirable but frequently cracks when brought out from the heat. of that coun- try to the cooler air of the temperate zones. The size of elephant tusks depends on the breed. African pachyderms produce the larg- est tusks, sometimes reaching a length of from eight to 10 The ers. Right: London December. 1922 short lengths for buy- tained depends on the color and condition of the ivory specting tusks in a containing millions of dollars’ worth of ivory. Some of the elephant tusks. measure eight feet in length price o Buyers in- warehouse eave r oe AGS OSER TEE veaes wun 6/3 | —— cae ee ee oe mcm na Dar BRA Ae a Se = AI coat)

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36 o Honing Tool Grinds Cylinders in Hour 2 ee DING and truing of auto- mobile engine cylinders—work that usually means loss of car service for a day or longer—is completed in an hour by a honing attachment recently per- fected, which may be operated in con- nection with any electric motor drive, an electric drill, or other source of power. Honing Stones Are Adjustable The tool consists of a center arbor of cast aluminum on the circumference of which four honing stones of fine grain are radially mounted. The stones, cut with great precision, can be finely ad- justed to variations in size of cylinder and are pressed against the inner surface by springs. These stones are eight inches long and present two honing edges each. For fast honing they are used dry; for obtaining a very smooth finish, water is used. When the stones become worn, new ones may be inserted. Even an inexperienced mechanic can operate this device, as it is self centering and its driving shank is connected with the tool by a universal ball-and-socket joint. BALL AND SOCKET This cylinder honing attachment, with four revolving stones, is driven by an electric drill Handy Pocket Comb and Brush Combined [‘ A combination pocket hairbrush and comb, recently invented, the brush, no wider than a fountain pen, consists of a narrow sheath with a row of bristles on each side, while the comb slides in the groove between the two rows of bristles. When the comb is pushed in its groove, the combination tool takes up little room. Training Baby Athletes ID you know that in the United States today there is a growing army of baby athletes, raised almost from the cradle to astonishing feats of strength? Read, in next month’s issue, the fascinating story of how these infant prodigies are trained. Ingenious Pipe Wrench Has only Three Parts peda only three parts, a re- markably effective pipe wrench just invented is a distinct departure from other wrenches of the type in that the position of the jaws is parallel with the line of the handle. The parts include a movab!e jaw, a handle that carries a stationary jaw, and a knurled nut for setting the movable jaw. The head of the handle forms an eye into which the knurled nut fits with but little play. The position of the jaws in relation to the handle often makes it possible to use this wrench where other wrenches, in which the line of the jaws is at right angles to the line of the handle, cannot be effectively em- ployed. Inset shows the three parts of the new wrench, which offers advantages over the common pipe wrench in tight corner manipulations, as illustrated above Popular Science Monthly Inserted-Tooth Metal Saw Wins Medal FoR his invention of a practical inserted. tooth saw for metal cutting, Samuel T. Freas, of Philadelphia, Pa., recently won the Longstreth Medal awarded by tte Franklin Institute of that city for ‘‘a particularly meri- torious develop- ment in machin- ery.” Heretofore the chief drawback to inserted-tooth saws has been that although they per- mit faster and more economical cut- ting, the intense stresses set up in the teeth in the course of heavy work make it difficult to hold the teeth in place and at the same time keep them removable. Freas solved this problem by an ingeni- ous combination of wedges. Both the tooth and its socket are larger at the bottom than at the top. A thick steel shim fitting behind the tooth, acts as a further wedge owing to the angle at which the rear wall of the socket is cut. In conse- quence, any _ stress tending to force the tooth upward or back- ward simply locks it more tightly. In removing a tooth, the wedge yields readily to. pressure from the side. Howteeth are wedged in blade The prize-winning saw and Samuel T. Freas, inventor Memo Pad Concealed in Base of Desk Phone A TELEPHONE memorandum pad that can’t be misplaced, recently invented by E. N. Boucher, of Chicago, is contained in a circular metal holder at- tachedbyspring clamps to the base of the tele- phone. When not in use, the pad is concealed in the holder, but when it is wanted, pres- sure on a but- ton at the side of the phone re- leases a spring that shoots the pad out to posi- tion for use. In a tray at the side of the pad is a pencil. The finger lever acts as a trigger, and after the memorandum is made, the pad is pushed back into the case until the catch locks again. Telephone pad ready for use Decembe a fight bet “T oilers that att deep in ' is said t on the v Fishe! the coas attackec The cre: mast wi of the c! lashed | capsize: with oa sea terr Fi Thei any si annals scoffins cernin; celebré Whe ful ror be fas: monst descri| recent pus. Sin have | destri fact, truth: ing © recen lishec ance beacl ome an aft fA TH fh,

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athly ] rted. el T, won tke nat ted 1ed pres | - -e — ter ed December, 1922 Sailors’ Battle with Huge Octopus Revives Tales of Dread Sea Monsters By Robert E. Martin N AMAZING parallel to one of the A most thrilling combats described anywhere in literature—the famous fight between Victor Hugo’s hero, Gilliat, in “Toilers of the Sea,’’ and a huge octopus that attacked him as he explored, waist- deep in water, the black depths of a cave— is said to have taken place recently, almost on the very site of Hugo’s dramatic story. Fishermen from the island of Jersey, off the coast of France, reported having been attacked by an octopus of tremendous size. The creature seized their boat, grasped the mast with one tentacle, nearly pulled one of the crew overboard with another tentacle lashed about his body, and finally nearly capsized the craft before the fishermen, with oars, knives, and boat hooks, killed the sea terror. Hugo’s Story Is Vindicated Their adventure—more astounding than any similar maritime episode in recent annals of the sea—is held to set at rest the scoffing comments of some naturalists con- cerning the plausibility of Victor Hugo’s celebrated story. Whether or not familiar with the power- ful romance of Hugo, no reader can fail to be fascinated by the accounts of queer sea monsters that have been revived by cabled descriptions of the Jersey fishermen’s recent and nearly fatal fight with the octo- pus. Since earliest times, men’s imaginations have been obsessed with tales of death and destruction wrought by ‘‘sea serpents.” In fact, history shows some 200 apparently truthful accounts by mariners of the sight- ing of huge sea serpents. Even within recent years, reports are still being pub- lished in the press concerning the appear- ance of sea serpents along some tropical beach, or near some passenger ship, and ‘does not for a moment admit the yet there is not a single accredited picture extant of the kind of monster described in these reports, and science existence of ‘‘sea serpents.” Recently, however, a number of scientists have advanced extraordi- narily interesting explanations as to how the myth of the sea serpent may The Sea Monster of Mythology APOVE. an old cut of the great “sea serpent” of the northern seas, terror of Norse sailors and fishermen, described in 1555 by Olaus Magnus, Swedish bishop How fishermen off the island of Jersey described recently their fight with a huge octopus, which seized the mast of The Sea Monster Known to Science—An Actual Fight with an Octopus the boat with one tentacle, nearly over- turning the craft, while a second tentacle caught a fisherman and almost dragged him overboard, Jellylike and slimy as this creature seems to be, its tentacles are so tough as to resist slashing knives. Only blows between the eyes with sharp boat- hooks slew the monster shown above. The monster devilfish has eight grasping tentacles, each with double rows of suck- ers, radiating from the mouth, which is armed with a large, horny beak, used for tearing the prey held in the tentacles. The animal propels itself by ejecting water through a mouthlike funnel Above are certain strange sea creatures supposed to have given rise to legends of sea serpents: The giant squid, with fan- tastic tail (in center), 80 feet long; the grotesque, horseheaded oarfish of the North Atlantic (at right), often 20 feet long; giant kelp (at top), a marine plant that sends out snaky fronds sometimes 900 feet long, and the giant octopus (in the lower left-hand corner) have grown up. A savage combat with an enormous octopus like that described in the foregoing may account for some of these stories. The snaky tentacles of the octopus, and its ghastly method—so vividly described by Victor Hugo—of wrapping itself about a human being, with a grasp that cannot be hacked off with the sharpest knife, and slowly sucking the life out, would certainly be as horrible as any sea serpent’s attack in fiction. The following are a few of the most inter- esting accounts in history of the sighting of sea serpents. Pliny, the famous Roman naturalist, who lived from 28 to 79 A.D., tells of enor- ome roe ne mE ORL! ATR WES OY eer re SAE aN TSO I RAAT ry errr eee resell ee? Snel a eee oo lh A RRO NIRA

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38 LIMINATING the danger of fire— always present in nitrocellulose film —motion pictures printed on bands of flexible aluminum by a process recently perfected by M. Werthen, of Berlin, Germany, are expected to increase the enjoyment of movies in the home. The pictures on the aluminum band are projected by reflection in a manner similar to that of the usual reflecting stereopticon. The fine-grained surface of the metal is said to produce a re- markably soft effect on the screen. The light source is placed at one side of the film and is backed by a mirror that throws the light on the metal film. This light is then reflected through a lens to the screen. Negative films now available can be printed on the metal bands by sensitiz- ing the surface of the aluminum. The aluminum band, the inventor believes, will make the production of motion pictures less Aluminum Film Prevents Movie Fires costly, since pictures may CONDENSING be printed on FILM"), wea = : both sides of e = —_ >= Above: A demonstration the surface SN ae fireproof nature of the flexible Ue age tea ome aluminum. REFLECTOR method of projection _ Huge Octopus Revives “Sea Serpent” Tales (Continued from page 37) mous water and land serpents, some so large that whole armies were sent against them. The hardy Norse fishermen gave thrilling stories of sea monsters. Olaus Magnus, a Swedish bishop, wrote of ‘“‘a very large serpent of length upward of 200 feet and 20 feet in diameter, with a row of hairs two feet in length hanging from the neck, sharp scales of dark color, and bril- liant, flaming eyes. It attacks boats and snatches away the men by raising itself high out of water, and devours them.”’ Hans Egede, a Norwegian missionary to Greenland, tells of encountering, on July 6, 1734, “a very terrible sea animal, which raised itself so high above the water that its head reached above our maintop. It hada long, sharp snout and blew like a whale.” Was This Another “Fish Story’’? Another report of a sea monster that created a tremendous stir was made by an English sea captain, Captain M’Quhas, in 1848, who graphically described the mo- tions of an eel-like monster. The appearance of the sea serpent, as described in these accounts, science now believes might be accounted for by one of several actual deep-sea life forms. Huge oar fishes, often called “‘sea ser- pents,” living in the waters of the North Atlantic, are 20 or more feet long. They - are described as swimming rapidly near the surface, lifting above the water their horse- like heads, which are surmounted by crests of red and brown, resembling the manes of horses. Giant squids, which sometimes reach a total length, including body, head, and tentacular arms, of 80 feet, might be mistaken for sea monsters basking in the sun, as they float on the surface of the sea. Kelp, a low order of marine plants that sends out its branches sometimes to a length of 900 feet, is suspected of having been the basis of many a sea monster yarn. Violent storms often tear the plant from its anchorage and carry it far out to sea, where its huge, snaky branches, writhing up and down on the waves, are remarkably lifelike. And any one who has seen a school of porpoises, may understand how a person might mistake them for a long, snak 2like creature skimming the surface. er Popular Science Monthly Automatic Gage and Tray Simplify Tool Sorting GoRtING and classifying large numbers of machine drills has been greatly simplified by the combination of an ingenj- ous automatic drill and wire gage, with special sorting tray, invented by Edmund Curran, of Boston, Mass. The drill gage consists of hardened stee] jaws connected by levers with a sensitive gage that registers diameters in half thou- sandths of an inch. In using this device, the mechanic, with a slight pres- sure of the fin- gers, opens the jaws and_ in- serts the drill between them. The jaws automatically close on the drill, registering its exact size on the dial. . The sorting tray can be used with or without the gage. Beside each compart- ment is a hole bored in hardened steel to the Jaws closing on the drill register its size on dial exact size of the drill shank. All that is re- quired in sorting out the drills is to drop them into the hole correspond- size, ing to their y ° Se eae ee Oe | i aad * : RERE = : re ~ The drill sorting tray, showing mea- suring holes along edge and at center oan 3 Al POWER PISTON AS és oF stroke _ ff po CHARGE 1S WATER [= BBQ aE: = FIRED JACKET FE“ fe Pais = y = f= EXHAUST SS we ie [EXHAUST ly = I GAS ENTERS | | |FROM OUTSIDE LAG CARBURETOR PISTON 7 |S E-HIAS OUTSIDE wo Luetel, cess | ral SUNDER | Lae WARE 7 II STROKE =r) + Diagram of two-cycle engine, showing how gas is sucked into cylinder during power stroke © Two-Cycle Engine Has Double Pistons Two pistons, one working within the other in the same cylinder block, but at opposite ends of the stroke, prom- ise to solve the problem of adapting the two-cycle engine for use in automobiles, in the opinion of the designers, Louis L. _— and Le Roy Mattson, of Portland, re. A trial engine of this type, already manufactured, with three cylinders, is ‘said to produce power equal to that of the usual six-cylinder, four-cycle power plant. The motor, of extraordinary speed range, may be accelerated from 4 200 to 2000 r.p.m. in three seconds. Encircling the main power piston and separated from it by a cylinder shell, moves a ringlike secondary piston, the function of which is to suck in a new charge of gas while the charge in the cylinder is being fired, making crank compression unnecessary. Thus, on the downstroke of the power piston, the outside secondary piston is on its up stroke, forcing the gas to enter the cylinder. On the up stroke of the power piston (the down stroke of outside piston) the gas is compressed and fired. Decen He apr cro spr stri int twe str of | wit the Cit are of Un for less COL val uni the des spl Ar OV su

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‘ay aberg eatly geni- ith a nund Stee] drill, h or part- oO the rill re- out chem ond- a= er ~~ et = one Ow VD ON DS © December, 1922 39 Can Science Win Race against Forest Destruction by Discovering New Source of Newsprint Paper? Mexican Hemp Now Seems Promising Substitute for Pulpwood Henequen fibers as they appear under the mi- ooneomae Note the springlike spiral shaped strands that form an interlacing tissue be- tween bers, giving strength and rigidity BATEMENT of the A appalling destruc- tion of American forests that are now being shorn of pulpwood timber at the rate of 100 acres a day to supply the Ameri- can public with news, may now be in sight. A > Sprucewood fiber, highly magnified, re- vealing to experts a remarkable similarity of texture to that of henequen fiber on the: opposite side of the central illustration metropolitan newspapers for more than 25 years! Faced with this appall- ing destruction, scientists have sought many pos- sible substitutes for the destroyed timber. They have tried even such odd quickly growing plant Hew natives of Yucatan, Mexico, harvest henequen, the abundant Sisal hemp that promises to relieve our depleted pulpwood forests in sup- plying America’s enormous demand for newsprint paper. plants yield from 12 to 20 stiff, pulpy leaves, which the harvesters About an ounce of marketable fiber is ’ called “henequen,” a na- tive of Mexico and the tropics, apparently pos- sesses all the properties demanded of newsprint paper, for which only pulpwood has hither- to been employed. Of hundreds of materials tested by scientists as wood pulp substitutes, hene- quen alone seems to offer the opportunity of production in large commercial quanti- ties. The impossibility of such extensive production has been the stumbling block in the way of all recent schemes to find new materials for paper manufacture, but on millions of acres of unused land in Mexico, in scorching heat and barren soil, the hardy henequen plant—known also as “Sisal hemp”—is peculiarly in its element. While timber, to reach maturity, requires from 40 to 50 years’ growth, during which the land is unavailable for other crops, henequen reaches maturity in two or three years. Newspaper Production Distances Tree Growth The necessity of finding some new plant of abundant, rapid growth, to supply us with our daily papers, may be realized from the fact that the newspapers of New York City alone require the annual cutting of an area of 42,000 acres of timber. The quantity of newsprint paper used last year in the United States was 2,000,000 tons! Moreover, newspapers are not the only force working to destroy our forests. Care- jessness in attending to fires in wooded country destroys enormous quantities of valuable pulpwood, and insects, almost uncombatable, are eating their way through the best growths, having, it is estimated, destroyed approximately 25 per cent of the spruce in Maine and Canada. Statistics reveal that 7085 forest fires in America during the past 18 years, razing over 1,120,000 acres of timber, have con- sumed enough raw material to supply the cut with sickle shaped knives. obtained from one leaf makeshifts as asparagus, bamboo, bananas, beet- root, bran, cocoanut husks, cottonseed, ferns, grape- vines, hollyhocks, raw cot- ton, and wool. While The mature Re ee ae _——~- Turning Out Enough Henequen Twine Yearly to Girdle the Globe 800 Times | Sry the henequen crop of Yucatan to the cost of a loaf of bread on your table is a long leap, yet one has a direct bearing on the other; for the mammoth harvesters in the Western wheatfields de- pend largely on this Mexican product for their all-important supply of twine. Above is a scene in one of the two largest binder twine factories in the world, which are located in Chicago and have a com- bined capacity of 110,000 tons of twine a year or nearly enough to bind the grain crops of the world. The henequen binder twine fiber is seen as it passes from great piles through spreading and combing ma- chines that separate the strands, straighten out tangles, and draw out the fiber to greater length. Chicago’s annual production of twine would girdle the globe 833 times! eorers mney oct A i AS SOARES AEE ENS LAL ID LALIT IONE aa . gg neem aR so RD Rn Ce ea ee “eer rt i i rs Sey. eee ig Maik eeepc aceerer

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40 many of the proposed substitutes proved decided successes experimentally, they were dismal failures commercially. Henequen, on the other hand, is already produced-on a commercial scale in Yucatan, where, before the recent revolutionary up- rising, 360,000,000 pounds were grown an- nually, and utilized in the manufacture of twine and cordage. Now the process of actually converting henequen fiber into paper pulp has been undertaken by a large Mexican paper concern. Henequen Resembles Pulpwood The peculiar adaptability of henequen for paper making is revealed by a micro- scopic examination of the fibrous strands. Under the microscope the bundles of fiber often show an interwoven formation, with a peculiar spiral vessel and other features similar to the fibers of pulpwood used in making newsprint. In the annual harvest of henequen, the lower and fully matured leaves of each plant are removed by peon labor with machetes, or heavy cane knives. Henequen leaves may be converted readily into pulp, it is hoped, by the very machines now used in the production of wood pulp. The most difficult operation is that of softening the pulp by chemical processes, since formulae employed in the disintegration of pulpwood fiber will not produce the desired results with henequen. Salvage of old newspapers has also been suggested as a possible source of supply for the estimated eleven billion newspapers printed every year in the United States. If successful meth- | Popular Science Monthly ods can be found by which discard- ed papers can be collected and freed from ink, the fibers could be reworked into print paper and used again. Within the past few months the Forest Products Laboratory at Madison, Wis., has been experi- menting with a new process for re- moving the ink from discarded newspapers with- out injuring the fibers and without giving the re- worked paper an undesirable color. This process uses bentonite, a strati- fied volcano ash of unusually fine grain. When placed in contact with water, the ~ tae 42.000 wank bentonite swells to 42,000 acres—an Columbia—is cut ACRES 4 OF TIMBER: LAND w. (AN AREA AS LARGE + ae Pow M BIA) “ DESTROYED IN THE y * ole How Printing Presses Eat Up Our Forests i iy SUPPLY newsprint paper for the newspapers in New York City alone, wood pulp timber covering ~ NT (cela EWSPAPERS USED IN pee =NEW YORK CITY ALONE gn ONE YEAR area equal in size to the District of each year. HE photo- graph shows how _ discarded newspapers are being salvaged for use again as news- print paper by a remarkable method of remov- ing printer’s ink recently devised. Old papers are reduced to pulp and treated with a volcanic ash that carries away the carbon ink particles several times its original volume and be- comes a jellylike mass that, on further dilu- tion, forms a colloidal solution that remains in suspension indefinitely. In de-inking the paper, the ink is loosened from the fibers in the paper by dissolving the varnish of the printing ink with alkalis. When bentonite is added, its fineness causes it to grasp the carbon particles and carry them along through the filters, leaving the paper free from the carbon black of the ink. The possibilities of a process for the re- covery of old newspaper stock are apparent when it is known that in our metropolitan centers, taken collectively, about 2500 tons of old newspapers are gathered every day. Four Staggered Wings Lift Giant. Long Distance Hydroplane 6 bev largest hydro-airplane ever built, to fly between Marseilles, France, and Algiers, was recently tried out at Saint- Raphael, on the southeastern coast of France. The most striking feature of this gigantic machine is the staggered arrange- ment of its four pairs of wings which, in the opinion of aviation ex- perts, will have a ten- dency greatly to in- crease the stability of the machine and to diminish danger in landing. The lowest pair of wings is halfway be- Staggered arrange- ment of the four pairs of wings is said to give increas- ed stability and landing safety tothis machine ©K. & H. tween the top and the bottom of the fuselage and is connected with the third pair of wings by X-shaped struts. The second pair, which is placed even with the top of the fuselage, is similarly connected with the fourth pair. The first and the third pairs of wings are more than one half the width of a wing to the rear of the second and fourth pairs and are structurally connected with them by bracing struts be- tween the second and third pairs. The width of the monster is 94 feet two inches, length 89 feet, and the height 20 feet four inches. The driv- . ing power is supplied by four gasoline engines, developing an aggre- gate of 1080 horsepower. December Abo clar ran) and nov

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thy oS 2 “oO Bem crt se December, 1922 Above: How tone clarifiers are ar- ranged in cabinet; and, at right, the novel throatlike sound tube Human Throat Is Model for Phonograph Sound Tube ITH the sensitive human throat as his model, Burdette Stump, of Denver, Colo., has invented a phonograph sound tube that is said to reproduce all tones on the record with perfect fidelity, while excluding disagreeable side tones. The throat-shaped sound tube, inclosed in the apex of a heavy horn, is made of metal, slightly tapered and horizontally fluted, with vertical flutings at the inner bend. In the cabinet are tone clarifiers. Shingle Roof Laid from Inside -with Clips Y MEANS of small metal roofing clips, attached under sections of composition shingles, roofing can now be laid from the inside of a building. In laying the first strip of shingles, the bottom edges of the clips slip under a baseboard fastened along the eaves. Above the first strip is fitted a narrow wooden strip, or furring, which engages the upper edges of the clips. * When the furring is nailed in place, the shingles are securely locked. The furring then serves to engage clips of the next row, and so on, 41 Machine Husks Corn and Shreds Husks REMARKABLE machine that husks corn and at the same time shreds the removed husks to fine fibers that, when dried, are an excellent material for up- holstering and pack- the waste chute, while the fine fibers of the husk are taken by a conveyor belt to a dryer. After they have become perfectly dry, they are baled for shipment. As these ing, has been in- vented by George A. Lowry, of Chi- cago, Ill. The ma- chine has an endless chain armed with gripping jaws that are at an angle to each other while the chain passes around a pulley, but close up when the chain becomes straight. The jaws hold the stalk of the ear of corn firmly, carry- ing it to a set of rapidly rotating wheels with sharp cogs. These rip the husk of the slowly moving ear of corn to shreds. The chain then carries the ear to a plate set at an angle, which bends the ear ENDLESS 7 Ce “a “* MUSKS SHREDDED. ‘ — » © and breaks it from its stalk. At the same time a hook grasps the ear, pulls it away from the shredded husk, and throws it into a chute that deposits the husked ear in a box or basket. The husk is carried to a cutting and shredding device consisting of rotating knives and sharp teeth that cut and shred its fibers to the desired degree of fineness. A rotating knife removes the stalk from the shredded husk and allows it to drop in Clips on the under gide of shingles hook over furring strips and are pre- vented from slip- ping by upper fur- ring, as shown in diagram On an endless chain the ear of corn is carried to cogged wheels that rip the husk to shreds. meanwhile drop down a chute The husked ears fibers are much lighter than excelsior and equally resilient, they are preferred as packing material by manufacturers of brittle or easily disfigured articles. SHOULD nature, by the process of the coal age, transform the world’s densest jungle into a coal seam, it probably would be no more than a few inches thick. Rotating :Celluloid Disk Aids in Lettering DRAFTSMAN’S small instrument designed to save time in lettering maps, drawings, and designs, consists of a nickel-plated steel frame, holding a cellu- loid disk so that it may be rotated in the plane of the frame. The transparent disk has three rows of perforations spaced in accord- ance with differ- ent lettering sys- tems. The mid- die holes are spaced equidis- tantly and may be used to ade vantage both in section drawing and cross lining. For drawing guide lines for lettering, the flat side of the frame is placed against the edge of a T-square or ruler, a pencil point is inserted in a hole of the disk, and the de- vice is pushed along the straight edges. Diagonal guide lines for the slant of letters are obtained by turning the instrument so that the side of the frame is in contact with the straight edge of the T-square, and by using the straight base of the metal frame for a ruler. Using disk when drawing guide lines ee eer i nin nme og ee Se aE ae Se a RI CII es

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Popular Science Monthly Biggest « Shovel Cycling to Radio—The World’s Other Novel Photos of the Month Larger even than the |... shovels that dug the Pan- | *§ ama Canal is the auto- © matic digging ma- chine below, built at the Krupp Works, Germany GY MEAS aks wes Mies De LC! IT eee ap I Me LL 4 Cyclists to carry the antenna, and a third to | listen in, comprised a “Radio Trio” in a recent Jersey City, N. J., parade Se er ati eal eT ee 2 ; d ee a AM te ge LR LO a Le, a sliding seat. The ‘‘oarsman”’ can row the machine at a speed of 30 miles an hour. Good training for athletes Like an oarsman, the driver of the novel four-wheeled vehicle shown below propels with his arms and guides with his feet as he sits ona ke To straighten or remove telegraph poles, this one man jack, attached by a chain, lifts the pole clear of its bed a To transport vessels over land an ingenious ship railway has been built Every play on the gridiron can be watched from this in East Prussia. The cars, shown above, are like small drydocks that novel observation tower on~ wheels, devised by slip under the ships in the water and carry them along tracks Coach George Sanford, of Rutgers College, N. J. will tk ing er mente Phy made study tell us our he seatin harmf suppo postul only h in life sive fé panyi and even | variet eases ture 0 culosi: hemo? disord haster droop To Th

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December, 1922 . 43 Sitting Right in Chairs that Fit Keeps You Young O YOU sit right? Are you headed for a stoop- shouldered, shuffling old age; or will the advancing years find you maintain- ing erect, spirited carriage, with bodily and mental vigor unimpaired? gerous effects, scientists are now endeavor- ing to standardize model seats for schools, factories, offices, and street cars. The models are designed to conform to general rules for fitting the seats to the human

Physicians who have made an_ exhaustive study of the subject now tell us that the effects on our health of unscientific seating are vastly more harmful than we have supposed. Bad sitting posture, they assert, not only hampers our success in life by causing exces- sive fatigue, with accom- panying loss of energy and ambition, but it even leads directly to a variety of ills and dis- eases such as curva- ture of the spine, tuber-

culosis of the _ lungs, HIGHER LEVEL - hemorrhoids and pelvic PELVIC BONES disorders. Further, it hastens the oncoming of drooping senility. To prevent these dan-

This high stool with adjustable legs encourages correct sitting posture. Under the table is a footrest ADD 2" TO THIS MEASUREMENT FOR CORRECT SEAT HEIGHT

WITH SHOULDER my y BLADES PROVISION MADE HERE FOR BUTTOCKS AND THEIR COVERINGS B PELVIC BONES RESTING IN DEPRESSIONS

- HEIGHT OF SEAT DETERMINED AS SHOWN IN ACCOMPANYING DIAGRAM FRONT EDGE ROU TO AVOID PRESS NERVES AND BLOOD VESSELS

Photos Courtesy of American Posture League, Inc. -_How a Chair Should Fit Your Body anatomy so that every part of the body shall function properly, as follows: The pelvic bones should rest in a pocket or depression in the seat floor, to sustain the pelvis in its right relation to the spine. The front of the seat should be somewhat higher than the back to support the thighs at a higher level than the pelvis. The front edge of the seat should be rounded to avoid undue pressure on the nerves and blood vessels at the bend of the knee. Construction of Ideal Chair The back of the chair should provide space sufficient for the buttocks, both laterally and vertically, sustaining the spine in correct relation to the pelvis with- out pressure on the bony spine or pelvis. The horizontal supports of the back should avoid pressure from sharp edges and should be correctly spaced as to height in relation to the shoulder blades. The back support should be free from pronounced curves or hollows in the region of the shoulders, so as not to form a mold for round shoulders. The height of the seat should be arranged so that the feet rest squarely on the floor. If the seat is too high, a foot support should be provided. Scientifically correct seats, while they encourage correct posture, lose much of their value, of course, unless the worker takes pains to hold himself in a position that will permit normal action of the lungs, heart and other organs. These organs are easily cramped by a slouching posture.

HE seated skele- ton above reveals how the scientifically designed chair sup- ports the bones so as to prevent the cramp- [ a mA CURVED SPINE ing of lungs, heart and digestive organs. The small diagram shows how to determine the correct height for your chair seat. Wrong and right ways of sitting are shown at the right.

The picture at the left shows correct posture in a correct chair for the workroom

INDUCES WEAK LUNGS ° INDIGESTION ETC... + Fy ; ee ‘ -« \We

<— jo

World’s Largest Lumber Raft Carries Cargo of Shingles

HEN the world’s larg- est lumber raft j reached San Diego, Calif., if recently, after an ocean voy- age of 1000 miles, it carried a cargo of shingles and laths. The lumbermen of Oregon had made themselves a ship, and set a precedent for other lumber men to follow in shipping logs, shingles and laths. The raft was 200 feet longer than Uncle Sam’s largest dreadnought, and contained 5,000,000 board feet of logs, bound together with heavy chains in the form of a submarine 900 feet long by 50 wide. On the

Shaped like a submarine, this raft carried 5,000,000 feet of logs, 1,000,000 shingles, and 500,000 laths on a 17-day voyage down the Pacific coast deck were placed a million shingles, 500,000 lath and 30,000 feet of telephone poles, exactly as they would have been stowed aboard a ship. The entire raft and cargo was taken in tow by an ocean-going tug and made the voyage from the Colum- bia River to San Diego in 17 days. Storms caused the raft twice to break loose from the tug; nevertheless the cargo reached port with- out so much as one shingle missing. The obvious econ- omy of carrying deckloads on rafts is expected to revo- lutionize lumber shipping.

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Popular Science Monthly Cycling to Radio—The World’s Biggest .« Shovel GY —an tains 4 OLED BSAA LG AM ww Other Novel Photos : Ber of the Month Larger even than the shovels that dug the Pan- ama Canal is the auto- matic digging ma- chine below, built at the Krupp Works, » ld. Sesto OL! isuivlipiteglle ‘py Cyclists to carry the antenna, and a third to listen in, comprised a “Radio Trio” in a recent Jersey City, N. J., parade Like an oarsman, the driver of the novel four-wheeled vehicle shown below propels with his arms and guides with his feet as he sits ona sliding seat. The ‘‘oarsman” can row the machine at a speed of 30 miles an hour. Good training for athletes To straighten or remove telegraph poles, this one man jack, attached by a chain, lifts the pole clear of its bed To transport vessels over land an ingenious ship railway has been built in East Prussia. The cars, shown above, are like small drydocks that slip under the ships in the water and carry them along tracks Every play on the gridiron can be watched from this novel observation tower on~ wheels, devised by Coach George Sanford, of Rutgers College, N. J. December Si O »Y shi will the ac ing erect, mental vis Physici made a study of 1 tell us the our healt! seating a harmful supposed posture, t only ham in life by sive fatig panying and am even lea variety | eases SI ture of t culosis hemorrh disorder: hastens droopins To pr

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December, 1922 . 43 Sitting Right in Chairs that Fit Keeps You Young O YOU sit right? Are you headed for a stoop- shouldered, shuffling old age; or will the advancing years find you maintain- ing erect, spirited carriage, with bodily and mental vigorunimpaired? Physicians who have made an_ exhaustive study of the subject now tell us that the effects on our health of unscientific seating are vastly more harmful than we have supposed. Bad sitting posture, they assert, not only hampers our success in life by causing exces- sive fatigue, with accom- panying loss of energy and ambition, but it even leads directly to a variety of ills and dis- eases such as curva- ture of the spine, tuber- culosis of the lungs, hemorrhoids and pelvic disorders. Further, it hastens the oncoming of drooping senility. To prevent these dan- gerous effects, scientists are now endeavor- ing to standardize model seats for schools, factories, offices, and street cars. The models are designed to conform to general rules for fitting the seats to the human + ADD 2" TO THIS MEASUREMENT FOR CORRECT SEAT HEIGHT WITH SHOULDER & y BLADES PROVISION. MADE HERE FOR BUTTOCKS AND THEIR COVERINGS RESTING IN DEPRESSIONS os, FRONT EDGE ROUNDED TO AVOID PRESSURE ON NERVES AND BLOOD VESSELS e HEIGHT OF SEAT DETERMINED AS SHOWN IN ACCOMPANYING DIAGRAM Photos Courtesy of American Posture League, Inc. This high stool with adjustable legs encourages correct sitting posture. Under the table is a footrest -How a Chair Should Fit Your Body anatomy so that every part of the body shall function properly, as follows: The pelvic bones should rest in a pocket or depression in the seat floor, to sustain the pelvis in its right relation to the spine. The front of the seat should be somewhat higher than the back to support the thighs at a higher level than the pelvis. The front edge of the seat should be rounded to avoid undue pressure on the nerves and blood vessels at the bend of the knee. Construction of Ideal Chair The back of the chair should provide space sufficient for the buttocks, both laterally and vertically, sustaining the spine in correct relation to the pelvis with- out pressure on the bony spine or pelvis. The horizontal supports of the back should avoid pressure from sharp edges and should be correctly spaced as to height in relation to the shoulder blades. The back support should be free from pronounced curves or hollows in the region of the shoulders, so as not to form a mold for round shoulders. The height of the seat should be arranged so that the feet rest squarely on the floor. If the seat is too high, a foot support should be provided. Scientifically correct seats, while they encourage correct posture, lose much of their value, of course, unless the worker takes pains to hold himself in a position that will permit normal action of the lungs, heart and other organs. These organs are easily cramped by a slouching posture. HE seated skele- ton above reveals how the scientifically designed chair sup- ports the bones so as to prevent the cramp- ing of lungs, heart and digestive organs. The small diagram shows how to determine the correct height for your - . chair seat. Wrong and right ways of sitting are shown at the right. The picture at the left shows correct posture in a correct chair for the workroom CURVED SPINE INDUCES WEAK LUNGS INDIGESTION ETC. ~~ World’s Largest Lumber Raft Carries Cargo of Shingles HEN the world’s larg- est lumber raft {| reached San Diego, Calif., if recently, after an ocean voy- age of 1000 miles, it carried a cargo of shingles and laths. The lumbermen of Oregon had made themselves a ship, and set a precedent for other lumber men to follow in shipping logs; shingles and laths. The raft was 200 feet longer than Uncle Sam’s largest dreadnought, and contained 5,000,000 board feet of logs, bound together with heavy chains in the form of a submarine 900 feet long by 50 wide. On the Shaped like a submarine, this raft carried 5,000,000 feet of logs, 1,000,000 shingles, and 500,000 laths on a 17-day voyage down the Pacific coast deck were placed a million shingles, 500,000 lath and 30,000 feet of telephone poles, exactly as they would have been stowed aboard a ship. The entire raft and cargo was taken in tow by an ocean-going tug and made the voyage from the Colum- bia River to San Diego in 17 days. Storms caused the raft twice to break loose from the tug; nevertheless the cargo reached port with- out so much as one shingle missing. The obvious econ- omy of carrying deckloads on rafts is expected to revo- lutionize lumber shipping. AY

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44 Popular Science Monthly Pacific Coast “Road Homes” to Welcome Tourists [T THE world’s first Deceml ok large-scale attempt ee Raise \ to provide systema- 7 wis tized accommodations . i F for the touring motorist og at the end of each day’s trip, a chain of 20 mod- ern hotels, in which every suite of rooms will have its own private garage seks the wo and automobile experts HOOD RIVER’ S with n in attendance, is now oo : carrier being established on the roster Pacific Coast. The im- names mense project comes as a and striking indication of mothe how travel is swinging planes back from the railroads f of the to the highways. inade Established at average comps intervals of 120 miles, mane’ from Vancouver, B. C., ; . = capitz on the north, to San 9) i i sl Diego, Calif., on the Scns s, naval south, these elaborate ; , me 2 consi: hostelries will serve auto- ee Pong , 3 ficien mobile tourists along 2700 miles of paved courtyard willbegarages, «ong ene a Ed ment: highway running through the states of a camp-fire space, radio the form of a rec- = Ple Washington, Oregon, California, and the receiving station, wash- tangular bungalow this western edge of Nevada. ing racks for cars, a repair gg wee — = : alrea architect's % a shop, and the headquar- drawing above £ moti Two Kinds of ““Rodomes” ters of an auto expert. Secre Apartments in the quadrangular bungalow Thea Five of the hotels, to be known as_ wall will range in size from one room with who! ‘“‘“rodomes’’—a contraction of ‘‘road homes’”” bath and kitchenette to four rooms with bath some —will each be large enough to accommo- and kitchenette. Each rodome will be open Pet = prop date 420 persons and 90 automobiles. They night and day, and each will have a double ee the will be located at Seattle, Portland, Sacra- staff of attendants. In an executive building “2 SANTA BARBARA sera] mento, Oakland, and Los Angeles. Those at the main and only entrance to the bunga- "So i OE into remaining will accommodate half thatnum- low court, will be located the offices of the S bs Mins ANGELES: REN wou. ber of guests and machines. Their loca- management, service station, and _ stores, be : of t tions are indicated on accompanying map. _ branch post office, telephone and telegraph SAN DIEGO nav: Each of the highway hotels built on the station, barber shop, hairdresser, and an in- ey unit plan, will stand on a four-acre lot. All formation and road map bureau. oy will be constructed on the same design and Hotel charges will be the same at all ct S ; $80, . : crui will be operated under the same system. rodomes—two dollars a night for one-room Locations of the modern “‘bun- alte : . ‘ E galow hotels’? that will form a . Forming a hollow square inclosing a apartment; three dollars for two-room apart- chain of night stopping places Unc large courtyard, will be built low, one-story ment, and four dollars for four-room apart- for automobile tourists from tha bungalows of fireproof brick and concrete, Vancouver to San Diego, are all under one tiled roof. In the central ment. Cost of construction is estimated at ee adie da indicated on the above map $100,000 for each rodome. Musician Really Plays This Small Tractor Helps Horses Deliver Coal Novel Phonograph Y SUPPLEMENT- } TAKES a real musician to “play the ING the pulling At steep hills in the phonograph” with a new device, in- power of truck horses residential districts vented by Paul F. Hoag, of Brooklyn, N. Y., in which the phonograph record consists of a number of series of circular grooves, each series reproducing one of the notes in the scale. A complete record, either voice or instrumental, reproduces the full range of notes required to play a tune. By means of a guiding arm extending across the record, the player moves the phonograph needle from groove to groove to play songs or instrumental music. are stationed tractors that give the truck horses a lift with that of small gasoline tractors, espe- cially built for the purpose, a Cleveland, Ohio, firm claims to have solved a prob- | lem in economy in delivering annually about 500,000 tons of ice and. coal in small quantities to its customers. The tractors have been particularly useful in helping the horses overcome the steep grades encountered in some of the sub- urban residential streets of the city. This corporation has employed motor trucks for many years to haul big loads of ice and coal to the distributing sta- tions, but for delivery of small quantities to customers, horse-drawn vehicles were found more economical than motor trucks. Except in a few localities, where the grades are exceptionally steep, the teams had no difficulty in hauling their loads. At such difficult - points are now stationed the small but powerful tractors that can be hitched to the delivery trucks. The tractor is attached to the truck by a chain that passes beneath the pole. Figures she on movable arm guide the player in placing the needle

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ROI OE ec eS December, 1922 45 Shall We Make Junk or the World’s Finest Plane Carriers out of Our Battle Cruisers? Proposal to Convert Two Doomed Ships Urged in Washington U NCLE SAM’S By Graser Schornstheimer group. The Lexing- is the only ton will be the other. great navy in The plan of con- the world unequipped with modern aircraft carriers. The navy roster contains the names of the Wright and Langley as mother ships for navy planes, but the speed of these vessels is so inadequate when compared with the maneuvering speed of capital ships that the framers of the recent naval treaty did not consider them of suf- ficient importance to mention. Plans to make up this deficiency have already been set in motion by Assistant Secretary of the Navy United States naval officials and members of the Congressional Committee on version is entirely feasible, since the bat- tle cruisers possess both size and speed. As designed, they are 850 feet in length. Although the orig- inal displacement of 43,500 tons will be greatly reduced with- out guns and armor, the new displacement of 33,000 tons, coupled with the speed of 35 knots—2\4 knots faster than the Brit- ish battle cruiser Fu- rious, which is the fastest capital ship afloat — will make them in every respect the finest aircraft car- riers in the world. Theodore Roosevelt, Naval Affairs examining a model that shows how battle cruisers may be con- Whichever two who lent his authority verted into airplane carriers by utilizing the original hull and altering the super- ships are Selected for some time ago to the structure as indicated by the illustrations carriers, it is certain proposal that two of the six battle cruisers that must be size now floating the seven seas. scrapped under the treaty be converted In the event that Congress into aircraft carriers. This simple move grants the appropriation asked by would transfer us from the rear to the head the Navy Department, a special of the procession in the development of board already formed will decide naval aviation. which two of the six battle Two entirely new carriers would cost us_ cruisers now awaiting the junk- $80,000,000, but if two of the battle man’s blowtorch are best suited cruisers on their way to the junkyard are for conversion into aircraft car- altered in design at a cost of $40,000,000, riers. It is probable that the Uncle Sam will have gained a pair of vessels Saratoga will be one of them, that will distance any fighting ship of their since she is furthest along of the Above: How Our Battle Cruisers Would Have Looked if Completed, and, below, How They Will Appear if on Converted into Naval Airplane Carriers of the Latest Type mrmettamons If our unfinished battle cruisers, designed to appear as in the upper photograph, are converted into aircraft carriers, planes will have an un- obstructed 900-foot deck for taking off and landing. In the illustration above, the telescoping masts are indicated by dotted lines. The derrick at the right lifts hydro-airplanes from the sea surface to the deck Proposed plane carrier with anti-to o blister, three protective bulkheads, and flared horizontal funnels to save crew from sucked-back smoke and fumes that they will be electrically driven, since the six cruisers were to have followed in the wake of the first electric ships, the New Mexico and Maryland, Four large steam. turbines will drive the huge electric generators which, in turn, will drive the motors fastened rigidly to the propeller shafts. The boilers will be oil fired. The problem of reducing these 43,500-ton vessels to 33,000-ton aircraft carriers is by no means a small one. All armament except the deck protection must be eliminated. Then, top-side equipment—such as funnels, masts, and other capital ship necessities— must be removed to make the decks flat and unen- cumbered for the movement of planes. The proposed design calls for a flat launching and landing deck for aircraft, running the entire length of the ship and pierced only by plane ele- vators, telescoping masts, and disappearing pilot and chart house. Funnels probably will have to be carried aft to discharge smoke over the stern. Harmful effects from fumes can be overcome, It Is believed, by carrying the funnels in this manner. A 33,000-ton carrier should be able to house at least 40 planes of ordinary size. Alth h stripped of defensive armor, the converted ships will be provided with guns for defense against surface ships. iat IPO oe A yotegey aa oie FOE a i IP re ‘ : ee EE a a

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46 Popular Science M. onthly ~ Decen ———_ \ Hospital Uses Novel Mechanical Aids toMend aeons Workmen | penta among hospitals, and equipped with the most ad- vanced electrical and mechanical devices for therapeutic treatment, the new Reconstruction Hospital of New York City, has the novel policy of devoting itself exclu- sively to the rehabilitation of men and women injured in industrial occupations. Pictured here are a number of the more ingenious curative devices The patient’s hand is strapped to this cradle attached to a . dial. Twisting his wrist to Gloves on weighted pulleys are pigec make higher scores becomes used to straighten crippled strai a sort of game and finally fingers. The weights separate havi limbers up the stiff wrist the fingers which the patient pulls together, regaining the a lea use of his hand b " y Nervous patients are soothed oe : hi g machine, “vhf by 4 ee shown below, consists of a little Gne COS We heavy weight wheel, operated and by hand, that turns the ankle est ¢ until normal action is obtained or _ weig pe Aa can . ANG any > coul ae ina a While _ broken Mr. : bones are knit- T ting, the pa- t tient’s mind is - f. yy occupied with odin iy fascinating work Eng —— at the loom. Al- tur} : though he may excl never become a race professional tere weaver, his - 7 troubles, tem- h perarily forgot- - ten, fade away, and absence of worry’ hastens the cure T Elephants Test Garage Floor’s Strength [Sales of Bread Depend on for ABSENCE of fear on the part of five when the elephantine load of 225 pounds the Weather wit circus elephants as they tramped to- was applied to every square foot. the gether on the metal floor of a newly built The floor is of pressed steel joists covered yd THE salesmen’s room of a baking com- thi garage at Canton, Ohio, was a conclusive with a layer of metal-lathed concrete. pany in Jersey City, N. J., which bakes demonstration of the strength and rigidity These five elephants of the floor, their with a = combin trainers declared, cit- vail ere tee ae ing the fact that these panic if the floor on animals, with theirin- which they tramped herent fear of weak had weakened supports, would have bolted in a _ panic rather than remain on an insecure struc- ture. The combined more than 80,000 loaves of bread daily, one of the most important sales guides is Uncle Sam’s daily weather report; for the com- pany has discovered that consumption of bread depends largely on the condition of the weather. If the day is hot and sultry, bread appe- tites always show a decrease, the salesmen say, while if it is clear, dry, and cool, heavy orders of bread may be expected. A cold, dry snowstorm especially will increase bread buying. / a weight of the ele- The daily weather forecast, received by . phants was 30,000 telephone, is posted on a blackboard, and fin pounds. the salesmanager usually appends a com- sti Although designed ment such as “This is good bread weather.” no to sustain a live load This method saves the baking company, as sp of only 140 pounds a well as retail stores, large sums, it is re- pl: square foot, the ga- ported, since failure to make allowances for rage floor showed no unfavorable weather might leave hundreds ~ » fin signs of weakness of loaves to go stale on the shelves. pl ramen -2 0 9 —— Pomiular Saignac Mn? Necember;

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¥ sch. rei ene: om ae ~ December, 1922 47 Whippet Racing—America’s Newest Speed Sport va ROTTEN Sg ME patestesioke ut Naat tn nastier ema TIRE LEE TT A ELIT FD crete aaention gre sal The finishing post. Rags, which whip- # age like to seize and worry, are swung a y trainers as bait to encourage the Three whippets at the start of a race. These fleet and tenacious descendants of grey- hound and terrier are trained to ignore yells from the crowd and other distractions Fingerboard Ridge Aids e 7 ® e J s Violin Students Digging Machine Cuts Ice from Car Rails | | ns O ASSIST beginners on the violin to ' Way - T find the right places on the fingerboard _ . ice — Hie : for depressing the strings, a Chicago music snc snow no longer | if teacher has devised a removable plate tie —— Me a Lae 4 with slight ridges marking the points for the Eastern Rails wil Hi the notes of the chromatic scale. When —_ Fis Fisted i n- this plate is clamped over the smooth A “ed per valemaeeong: Hy cs road equipment an elec- h re tric ice digging machine Hy le that already has proved ! yi its merit by cutting of through 12 inches of i of frozen snow and ice. f Near the front end of ~ the machine is a hori- ” zontal and transversely vy placed shaft of four-inch d, tool steel on which 33 se A plate with ridges or ‘“‘frets’’ fits picks are mounted. As Snow and ice, cut by whirling picks, are over the violin fingerboard the shaft rotates at the scooped up, carried to a hopper, then dumped oy Ganesan ul-tten ie d after the i rate of about 1000 revo- a id Pee ai sg ashi rrs psa : sak se d «3 om - lutions a minute, the picks dig and cut shattered snow and ice. A heavy duty y ae pi be ea “Sg enn a a the hard snow and ice, preparing it for conveyor with a capacity of 1600 cubic ° 3 : ; A removal. feet a minute, carries the broken mass as a hi string — Epil of the Immediately behind the row of whirl- to a hopper in the rear of the machine. sal P pte yh gran = “a ws ne dt ing picks is a shovel-like scoop, nine feet The snow and ice are dumped through is finding th + aa aiiaen, the te i sie six inches wide, which scoops up the chutes into trucks for removal. plate is removed from the instrument. in England between a whippet— the fleetest dog known—and a pigeon that had been trained to fly straight over the course, is recorded as having been won by the pigeon with a lead of only two yards! This extraordinary record has been cited by Freeman Lloyd, British authority on -vhippet racing, as proving that the wiry little descendant of greyhound A THRILLING 200-yard race held Try to take the rag away from this wiry little dog and you will learn what tenacity really is As might be expected from its clean- cut, wiry build, the whippet is as sensi- tive as a racehorse, and has to be handled with great understanding. It delights in teasing and tearing any- thing it can lay its jaws on—from a rabbit to an old dust rag, and this pro- pensity is intensified by training. Thus, in a race, a whippet is started on the course— usually 200 yards in length—and its objec- tive is a white clott, tempt- and terrier is one of the fleet- est of all animals, “There is no dog at his weight under the sun that can beat him, and I doubt if any animal of the same size pS, Diagram relative speed of man and whippet shows {N SAME TIME HUMAN SPRINTER CAN RUN ONLY 120 YARDS ingly shaken by the dog’s master at the finishing post. At the beginning of the training the young dog is first intrusted to a “walker,’”’ who puts it through running ex- could get anywhere near him in a spin of 200 yards,” says Mr. Lloyd. 200 YARDS IN 12 SECONDS ercises and encourages its natural inclination to seize The exciting sport of whip- pet racing, comparatively new, but gaining in favor in America, has been in vogue in England and Wales for more than a cen- tury. In those countries are many clubs exclusively devoted to the sport, and the race meets invariably attract hosts of in- terested and enthusiastic spectators. - The greatest of human sprinters wouldn’t have a chance with this plucky little racing December, 1922 dog; for in the 12 seconds in which a whip- pet can cover 200 yards, a trained athlete can run only about 120 yards. The whippet, first used for coursing wild rabbits, inherits from greyhound and terrier its speed and tenacity. These quali- ties. are cultivated from puppyhood until its first race—usually run when the dog is nine or 10 months old. , and worry any kind of a rag held out to it. After five or six months of this preliminary work, the dog is placed in charge of a trainer whose duty it is to bring it to the point where it will not become excited or confused by the firing of the starting pistol or the presence of a yelling crowd of spectators, but will run straight and true, with every ounce of speed that is in him. Seldom does a whip- pet swerve from the course. 49 dogs to their utmost on the home stretch bi ae 4

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2 tt en tas 4 — Who Can Play World’s Biggest Horns? Novelties Caught by the Camera eo ey (LED * Wanted: Giant musi- _ cians to play the world’s largest musica] instruments, recently manufactured for dis- play purposes. The brass horn is nine feet high and four feet in diameter at the bell, while the saxophone is 7% feet tall with a bell two feet in diameter, Strings of the mam- moth bass fiddle are as thick as a man’s little finger and are seven feet, 10 inches long, The fiddle itself is 11 feet, seven inches tall and weighs 150 pounds Wooden Steamer Now Clubhouse One of the fleet of unfinished wood- en steamers built by Uncle Sam during the war is being transformed into a_ floating J clubhouse by the American Legion Post at Kirkland, near Seattle, Wash. Operating the receiving outfit from the This locomotive, built entirely of This ingenious tower wagon used by a instrument board, the driver of this Oak- gas heating appliances, is used for Philadelphia electric company, can be land, Calif., motor bus, entertains passen- display purposes by a New York gas driven from aloft. The high platform gers with radio concerts company revolves Water Wheel for Every Home Every house is a miniature _ factory, equipped with its own water wheel, in the Japanese textile city shown at the right. Water from a =a - ont 2 2a, se near-by stream was /— . oe Cee ee iia be : h diverted into narrow | canals extending along both sides of the main street. From these brooklets each home obtains power to operate its loom ph bhai 50 Popular Science M onthly What City Smale ¢ = es > Popular Science Monthly December. H FAM El OGETH UB PACER Bent i1 forme web c spokes RA IN fla: of rolle truck WwW series of operatior nical ach cently ir the Bet! Compan The s in the ev wheels i with fla of spec sions. cut in gs in lengt cumfe1 wheels t from it. supplies First, punch ] lining t! die rour fe) inventi detects dredth: monoxi percent The tube ex stance of gas | hasan is prov bulb i draws tube, v are ret purifie open ¢ AIR 10 BE SUCKED IN December

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Os ew oP mw Pe Bt December, 1922 How Steel I-Beams Are Bent to Form Truck Wheels FAM ENDS,LATER WELDED OGETHER Bent intoa circle, the trans- formed I-beam, with its web cut and shaped into spokes, is ready to receive the hub spacer RANSFORM- ING a wide- flanged I-beam of rolled steel into truck wheels by a series of 10 machine operations is the tech- nical achievement re- cently introduced by the Bethlehem Steel Company. The starting point in the evolution of the wheels is an I-beam with flanges and web of specified dimen- sions. This beam is cut in sections equal in length to the cir- gered by a cumferences of the wheels to be fashioned from it. Each section supplies the material for two wheels. . First, one of the sections is run through a punch press that cuts rows of holes, out- lining the contour of the spokes. Another die rounds off the edges of the holes. How spokes are stag- die to give strength to the wheel into circular shape. bent anspeseeesel ee — _ The next step carries the beam, with perforated web, through a machine that splits the beam lengthwise into two iden- tical halves, then shapes the hub ends of the future spokes. The spokes are stag- In the huge press shown above, I-beams, split in half, are bent Note the two beam sections with ends "The I-beam from which the wheel is made, show- ing unusually wide flange 49 This punch press cuts rows of holes in the web of the beam, outlining wheel spokes gered to provide the required lateral strength. In a powerful hydraulic press the ends of a steel beam section so prepared are curved, after which the bending is com- pleted until the flange of the beam forms an almost com- plete circle. Next, a hub- spacer is placed in the center circle formed by the hub ends of the spoke. After the wheel is bent into a complete circle, the two ends of the flange, forced to- gether by a hydraulic press, are welded. In the succeeding opera- tions the wheel is trimmed of all rough edges, a double crank press forces the spoke ends into contact with the hub spacer, and the wheel center is bored out in a turret lathe. Holes are then bored through the wheel hub and the hub spacer by a multiple spindle dyill press and the wheel is ready to be assembled with the hub core and brake drum, and thus completed for its final fitting on a motor truck axle, Ingenious Test Tube Detects Poison Gas by Green Color ers in coal mines is materially less- ened by asimple apparatus of recent invention which, by means of color reaction, detects the presence in the air of five hun- dredths of one per cent of poisonous carbon monoxid gas and measures the relative percentage. The apparatus consists in part of a metal tube containing a granulated chemical sub- stance that absorbs from the air any kind of gas except carbon monoxid. This tube has a nozzle at one end, while the other end is provided with a rubber bulb. When the bulb is compressed and then released, it draws a certain volume of air through the tube, where all gases except carbon monoxid are retained by the chemicals. The partly purified air is then forced into a glass tube, open at both ends and containing another O'= of the greatest dangers to work- DETECTOR TUBE TURNS GREEN IF CARBON MONOXID [SP AiR TO BE TESTED SUCKED IN HERE FILTER ABSORBS' ALL GASES EXCEPT CARBON MONOXIDE, December, 1922 Air is drawn by a bulb through a filter into a glass tube containing a chemical that turns green if poisonous carbon monoxid is present chemical substance that turns green if any carbon monoxid is present. Adjoining this tube is another glass tube, containing a color scale calibrated for different percent- ages of carbon monoxid. How Poison Gas Is Measured By comparing the color of the chemical substance in the testing tube with the color scale in the other tube, an experimenter can ascertain the exact percentage of the poisonous gas in the atmosphere. If no green color appears in the tube after 10 squeezes of the bulb, the air contains less than one tenth of one per cent of carbon monoxid. If no color is visible after 20 squeezes, the air contains less than 5/100 of one per cent. The presence of more than one tenth of one per cent of poisonous gas will cause the appearance of a green colora- tion in the testing tube. The greater the percentage, the deeper the coloration. Heretofore, canaries, which are highly sensitive to the gas at one tenth of one per cent, have been used to test the air; but they do not react if the percentage of car- bon monoxid is lower. 61 se sete ranean cetisinratnee nr Saimin ile

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Perm Riche RE PN ISS [TS TNR IE TE What City Smoke Clouds Cost You in Dollars and Health Salt Lake City Leads New Drive on Huge Coal Waste By Robert E. Martin clearing the atmosphere by scientific methods of building and stoking fires in factories and homes will be particularly Popular Science Monthly most dangerous peacetime enemy, I’ YOU were asked to name America’s there is little likeli- useful to other cities right now while the hood that you would name the arch villain, smoke. Nevertheless, Salt Lake City, in a re- cent remarkably success- ful campaign against an unusually black smoke cloud, supplied the in- dictment and trial of this enemy and his allies —soot, sulphuric acid, and fog—finding them guilty beyond any doubt. The Curse of Smoke America, _ especially since the war, has been “smoking itself to death.” The resulting loss in damaged property and wasted fuel to every man, woman, and child in the United States has been no less than $17 annually; while the es- timated total damage to the greater American cities has reached the enormous sum of $500,- 000,000 a year. Even Progress in fighting the smoke nui- sance of Chicago has been made, through the method illustrated in the above photo, showing the Chicago’s Smoke Detectives at Work What We Breathe in Smoke These lumps of cinder, ash soot, and globules of glass-like slag (here magnified 2700 times) were found in collec- tions of falling soot made by Salt Lake City investigators . nation is in the midst of a critical fuel shortage. For, paradoxical as it may seem, this very shortage, accompanied by the substitution of soft coal for anthracite in many districts, thick- ens the smoke clouds above our cities; and the smoke clouds, in turn, represent not only a Health Commissioner’s staff, at the top of a downtown building, spot- ting offending chimneys through smoke detectors these figures do not in- clude the total loss from the onslaught of menace to public health, smoke, for damage in the smaller cities and towns, as well as the toll of death and im- paired health, cannot be estimated. What the Utah city has learned about but a tremendous waste of the fuel that we are all trying to conserve. It was not many years ago that Pitts- burg and Chicago began their pioneer work on smoke abatement. The result of the Pittsburg campaign was not only the clean- ing up of the “Smoky City,” but the be- Build Your Fire Upside Down i THE recent investigation in Salt Lake City, furnaces and stoves in homes were found to contribute largely 2 ome x" “4 free ox “ ow a — # ih Max Bs “So he " Lite 7 OF SMELTER GASES, _— THE SMOKE PALL Pune “m Pst Ernean i as SCIENTISTS IN AIRPLANE LABORATORY INVESTIGATING SUPPOSED LAYER to the smoke nuisance. The investi- gators now recommend for both stoves and furnaces the novel method of firing and stoking shown below. Lighting the fire from kindling on top of the coal causes a quicker fire, with less soot and smoke. Piling fresh coal on the lowest point of the burning surface, after shaking the furnace (sketch at the right) likewise prevents smoke and at the same time saves fuel. THE SMOKELESS Way To aa?” s START A FIRE ee tke THE SMOKELESS WAY TO STOKE A FIRE Salt Lake City’s Smoke Pall Explored by Airplanes A popular belief that the heavy smoke pall regularly blanketing Salt Lake City, and shown in the upper inset photo, was caused by a blanket of gases accumulat- ing in the upper air, from near-by smelters, caused scientists to test the air in an airplane laboratory. They found no evidence of this blanket of gases, and laid the blame for the smoke nuisance on the city’s location in a huge bowl of mountains that prevent winds from carrying off the fumes December, Expert per ce soot ginnin: ably N fits of lost a during move! tion 4 ago. Sali its sn despi’ even of co: lies i form that not ' to ac

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December, 1922 LONDON Sher 425 TONS # MAXIMUM WEIGHT OF ANNUAL SOOT FALL PER SQUARE MILE IN FACTORY DISTRICTS OF TYPICAL CITIES BEFORE EFFECTIVE PREVENTION SALT LAKE CITY Ot 1O mm EO) \ bs) PITTSBURG 1950 TONS Experts say 40 per cent of this soot is wasted fuel ginning of similar work in other cities, not- ably New York and Cleveland. The bene- fits of these efforts, however, were largely lost as a result of slackened regulations during the war, until Salt Lake gave the movement a new impetus by an investiga- tion and campaign that began two years ago. Salt Lake City has in two years reduced its smoke nuisance 75 per cent, and this despite the fact that the city is supplied even in normal times with a smoky grade of coal. To add to the difficulties, the city lies in the bottom of a huge bowl BEFORE AND AFTER NEW YORK 230 TONS The weight of soot falling from smok- ing chimneys in American cities is actually so great as to be measured in tons a square mile, while in damage it costs American cities more than $500,000,000 a year tion, sulphuric acid, and ash. In Salt Lake City 40 per cent of the soot that fell was found to be combustible matter that should have been burned in the firebox, represent- ing a fuel loss of thousands of tons. The first steps of the Salt Lake investiga- tion were to discover the worst offenders in smoke and the reason for the greatness of their offenses. Strangely enough, it was found that the consumers who had most to gain from economical consumption of coal were the worst offenders. These were the large industrial, power, and heating plants. Drawing at top of page is from actual photograph of a smoky Pittsburgh plant which became smokeless, as shown in lower photograph, by using proper methods of combustion Investigation revealed that they contrib- uted 39.84 per cent of the city’s smoke. Having eliminated much of the factory smoke by helping the worst offenders to solve their problems, Salt Lake then be- came the first city to tackle the problem of eliminating smoke from private houses. The result was a recommendation that houseowners adopt scientific smokeless methods of building and stoking their fires. In brief, these methods are, for users of soft coal at least: To build a fire in range, furnace, or formed by surrounding mountains so that prevailing winds pass over and not through the city, allowing smoke to accumulate readily. The largest source of harm in coal smoke is in the soot it carries. Soot is a mixture of varying proportions of carbon, tarry products of coal distilla- What Smoke Does to YOU Diminishes your vitality and that of your children. Costs you about $100 a year, in cleaning and laundry bills. Shuts out sunshine by caus- ing fogs, and subjects you to throat and lung troubles. Damages you to an amount equal to the taxes you pay on per-. sonal and real , ‘operty. Increases the chance of acci- dents by creating fogs. What Smoke Does to Lungs PT Se late Dark spots in this photographic en- largement of a thin section of a human lung are carbon deposits from breathing smoke-filled air heater, light it from the top. To stoke a fire, pour coal on the spot where the fire is thinnest. These two principles of smoke pre- vention are the bases of the following instruction issued in Salt Lake City: Starting Fires—“The quickest, cleanest and best method of starting a (Continued on page 52) What Smoke Costs in Dollars Costs every man, woman, and child in the United States $17 a year. Costs greater American cit- ies $500,000,000 a year. Costs Chicago, alone, $50,- 000,000 a year. Its gases reduce the life of metal structure work, in a smoky as compared with smokeless city, as follows: copper, from. limitless life to between 10 and 20 years; galvanized sheet iron, from 14 to 6 years; tin sheet iron, from 28 to 15 years. ea? See Re Mer A separate mainsionipa ete on SON NER RAR I ra pe ITN nt tice

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Three Blades for One Skate HROUGH the invention of a universal skate with three attachable blades for fancy skating, racing, or hockey playing, any skater may enjoy a wide variety in ice sport this winter without buying three pairs of skates or three pairs of shoes. The invention consists of sole and heel plates equipped with tubular posts. Each of the three blades has a tubular part that slides snugly into clamps of the posts, where it is screwed in securely. (Continued from page 51) fire, whether in stove, furnace, or boiler, is to cover the grate with a layer of fresh coal, then throw on a small quantity of paper or small kindling, covering this with heavier pieces of wood, and light the kindling, causing the coal to ignite from the top. This will burn thesmoke forming mate- rial, decrease soot and bring the fire to max- imum heat production in the shortest time. 7 Popular Science Monthly Truck Rollers Unload Lumber Pile Bodily HE remarkable feat of one man’s un- loading lumber weighing five tons in from two to four minutes is possible with an ingenious new roller attachment for motor trucks. Furthermore, the same load, pre- viously piled and chained, can be trans- ferred from a loading platform to the truck in one minute. Four minutes later, after the binding chains have been fastened, the truck can start on its way to deliver the load. The device consists of four rollers, made of heavy steel pipe, riveted to cold rolled steel shafting, and carried in crucible steel bearings. At each end of the shaft of each roller a sprocket wheel is keyed, those of the middle rollers having double width. A small geared drive wheel, operated by a hand crank, is meshed with the gear of the roller nearest the driver’s seat and when the handle of the crank is turned, all four rollers rotate in the same direction. The rollers act as a conveyor for the lumber, moving it either on or off the truck. In unloading the lumber, the load ig merely moved back until it becomes over- balanced. Then a piece of board is placed near the end of the load resting on the ground, the truck moves off, and the load, held together by the fastening chain, slipg to the ground in a compact mass. The board underneath the unloaded lumber makes it possible to draw the binding chains from under the pile. Above: Unloading the truck. Rollers operated by hand crank slide off the lumber pile to the ground. At right: shifting the load from one truck to another What Smoke Costs in Dollars and Health the Salt Lake investigation. It proved among other things, that although smoke is not, as is commonly believed, an ally of the great white plague, the presence of tar and sulphuric acid in soot that lodges in the throat, nasal passages and lungs makes it an active irritant, predisposing the breather to throat trouble and pneumonia. And it led to the. development of an important new process for the production of more efficient coke Firing the Furnace —‘When it becomes necessary to renew the charge, use the alter- nate method of firing, that is, fire on one side of the grate. First shake the grate thor- oughly and remove ash. It will then be observed that the sur- face of the fuel bed is more or less uneven. Select the low point and place the fresh R. MANUFACTURER: If your chimney smokes blackly for three minutes an hour, you are losing, coal ex- perts say, one per cent of the fuel burned during that time. Here’s what that means: If your boilers consume two tons of coal an hour, and your chim- ney emits smoke for nine minutes an hour, wasting approximately three tons of coal a week. at low temperatures. By this method the coal mined locally is subjected to a heat of from 450 to 600 de- grees. A much smaller quantity of gas and ammoniumsulphateis driven off, and a much larger quantity of tar is recovered than by the older process. In addition, the coke burns hore readily than does the coke you are fuel there. Pile the coal high on that side of the firepot, leaving the live coals exposed on the opposite side. The fresh coal will ignite from the surface of the live coal and in a few minutes will be covered with a film without smoke.” By following these instructions Salt Lake City discovered that the best way to elimi- nate smoke is not to make it—that smoke prevention is far more effective than smoke cure. Scientists for years have been at work on machines and apparatus to rid cities of smoke, but it is signifi- cant that these were practically negligible in the results obtained at Salt Lake City. There were, of course, other results of of fire burning from the top practically now produced, and it burns without smoke. After completion of the Salt Lake City in- vestigation a newly created department of smoke inspection conducted a campaign of education rather than prosecution, invoking ordinances only in extreme cases. The re- sult may be judged by the following state- ment from W. H. Clark, chief inspector: The smoke was decreased 50 per cent in this one winter (1920-21). This depart- ment’s records indicate that the remaining smoke was decreased fully 50 per cent last winter, making a total of 75 per cent in two years. The Weather Bureau records sub- stantiate this in showing that the number of hours of dense smoke was decreased 63 per cent in this two-year period.” Clamp Chokes Fire Hose under Pressure A HOSE clamp for shutting off a stream of water in a fire hose under pressure has been invented by a fireman of 23 years’ experience. The device consists of a wrought iron rod bent in the form of a U and having at its How the double-U clamp puts a double kink in the fire hose closed end an extension 7$.prie of the arms of the U, bent at right dugles so as to form a second U with thy ,oottom part of the first. The device is about three feet long and not too heavy to be carried in the fire- man’s belt. Popular Science Monthly Decembe 4 M: ERI Se ply by an recently which gallons a height than th use of power | furnishe at first petual and cal Allen, a staircas as mar’ extraor hydrau Two In ¢ men | nature source: a colu pheric invent Usi1 perims erecte operat ciency ing sel one al which quant to ra water Th powe take level able. the s race, way an ¢ with *- Decen

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et r- od he th er Ww December, 1922 53 Marvelous “Water Staircase” Lifts Stream 20 Feet gation and rural water sup- ply may shortly be solved by an extraordinary apparatus recently perfected in England, which automatically raises 14 gallons of water from a stream to a height of 20 feet in a little less than three minutes, without the use of pumps or any source of power other than what nature furnishes. This device, seeming at first glance something like per- petual motion applied to water, and called by its inventor, T.G. Allen, a “hydrautomat,’’or “water staircase,”’ is hailed by engineers as marvelously ingenious. It is an extraordinary improvement onthe hydraulic ram commonly used. Two Energy Sources Used In all the centuries in which men have attempted to make nature serve them through two sources of energy—the weight of a column of water and atmos- pheric pressure—no such radical invention has been recorded. Using these two forces, the ex- perimental “water staircase’’— Graton problems of irri- In the hydraulic ram , (above), some of the water The effect of this. is forced through a clapper valve into an air chamber, compressing the air. This closes the valve and forces the water to a higher level AIR CHAMBER sure is created ‘by the water column flowing from the open supply basin just below the level of the head race into the airtight operating chamber. water flow is to compress the air in the operating chamber and to force it upward through the air pipe into the two closed and water filled tanks. Immediately the water erected near London—is said to operate with extraordinary effi- ciency. It cofsists of an alternat- ing series of open and closed tanks, one above the other, the action of which is to use the energy of a quantity of water at a given level to raise a smaller quantity of water to a higher level. The stream from which the power is derived, empties into an open in- take tank located 7 14 feet above the lowest level of the device. Thus there is an avail- able fall of 714 feet from the upper level of the stream, which may be termed the head race, to the lower level, or tail race. Half- way between the upper and lower levels is an airtight operating chamber, supplied with an intake pipe from the head race, Compressed Air Drives Hand Shovels Water “Lifts Itself’’ Arrangement of alternating open and closed tanks, one above the other, in the experimental ‘‘water staircase,” installed near London, England, is shown above, while the diagram at , the right explains how water, with the aid of air pressure, is made to “‘lift itself by its bootstraps’ to twice the height of | _IN SYSTEM in these tanks, lifted there by the preceding stroke, is forced upward into the two open tanks above them. Thus at the end of the pressure stroke, the operating chamber and the two open tanks are full of water, while the two closed tanks are full of air. How the Water “Climbs” In the suction stroke the con- tents of the operating chamber are discharged downward into the tail race, or discharge pipe, through a siphon, and at the same time the inlet from the head race into the operating chamber is automati- its original level and a discharge pipe to the tail race. Above the upper water level is the alternating series of closed and open tanks. These tanks are interconnected by pipes. In ad- dition, the closed tanks are coupled to the operating chamber by an air pipe. Operation of the “water stairway” is confined to two strokes—a pressure stroke followed by asuction stroke. The pres- cally closed. This is accomplished by a valve actuated by the rush of water out of the discharge pipe. In the operating chamber is thus produced a vacuum that also ex- tends to the two closed tanks, by virtue of the connecting pipe. The result of this vacuum is that it sucks up the water “‘one flight” from the corresponding open.tank below. Thus, at the end of the suction stroke, the open tanks are empty of water and the closed tanks are full. The valve in the head race inlet then opens automatically, pressure water is admitted into the operating chamber, a new pressure stroke starts, and the cycle is repeated. into Hard Ground seorenr ELE BITE IIE A Na AI A a - December, 19.22 Above: How pneumatic shovels are used in underground excavation, where working space is_ limited. Note compressed-air pi attached to shovel handles At right: A Supteet air-driven shovel as it is u in trench digging facilitating the digging of tunnels and other types of excavations with less fatigue to the laborers. These shovels are particularly successful in cutting up hard and soft clays, or wherever the ground is not hard enough to warrant drilling and blasting. Spade Operated by Air-Driven Piston The operation is practically the same for all types of these shovels. The spade is inserted into a cylinder forming the lower end of the shovel handle. In this cylinder a piston driven up and down by the jet of compressed air strikes the end of the spade shank and gives it an impulse that drives the blade into the hardest earth. To prevent shock to the hands of the laborer in case the shovel is not in contact with the ground when air is admitted to the cylinder, a spring on the top of the spade shank absorbs the blow. These shovels have shown surprising adapt- ability to underground work where space is at a minimum or where the necessity for speed demands the labor of several workmen in small spaces. AND shovels driven by air are greatly 55

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—— 5 T= world’s most breath- taking ski jump has been made in Calgary, Canada, where a_ take-off 150 feet from the ground has been erected upon the roof of a large con- crete and _ steel grandstand. To allow the jumpers to attain speed, a 100-foot tower has been built on the roof, making the total distance through which the jumper must de- scend just 250 feet. Dizzy Ski

Jump from Grandstand Roof

In midair a jumper is seen making the 250-foot drop from high above the grandstand roof Cap for Beverage Bottles Can

Be Torn Off with Fingers A METAL cap that will seal a beverage bottle so tightly that it will resist a gas pressure up to 100 pounds, yet is so easily removed that it can be torn off with the fingers, has recently been developed. Its use is made possible by a machine that automatically stamps the caps from a strip

At left is shown how easily the metal cap can be torn from. the bottle by thumb and forefinger. Below is shown the stamping and crimping ma- chine

Cutter Severs Wire Rope like Twine

A blow of the sledge cuts the cable </ \ X 7IRE rope up to one inch in diam- eter is cut with a single blow bya cutting block recently introduced by a manufacturer of St. Louis, Mo. The cutter can be inserted in the hardy hole of an anvil or used with its base plate. The cutter blade is driven down by a blow from the sledge, causing a lower cutting die to cut through the rope. -

Popular Science M onthly Decembe ail |

Overloaded Chain Found Permanently Rigid

A CHAIN made of seven-eighth-inch steel links, and 25 feet long, was found to be perfectly rigid after it had been useq to pull several heavily loaded freight cars in the yards of a small Ohio railroad sta- tion. It could be handled like a solid rod of steel, and even when dropped violently on the ground after W

“BOTTLES FILLE AND CAPPED ¥,

it, op

of aluminum, places a cork washer on each bottle and finally crimps the edge of the metal disk around the mouth of the bottle. One of these machines can seal about 5000 bottles an hour. Most beverages do not require a resis- tance of the cap to a gas pressure of more than 35 or 40 pounds. Beer, however, makes a much greater demand. It is bottled ice cold and then the filled bottles are im- mersed for a certain time in water at a tem- perature of 150° F. The heat greatly ex- pands the gas in the bottle and probably doubles the gas pressure. Yet, easy as it is to remove, the new cap withstands this great pressure perfectly.

the accompanying When photograph had merely s been taken, it re- ; when pl tained its rigidity. ‘speak o1 Originally the The | elliptical links of : “talking the chain were t form of wide enough to 4 MonTH allow sufficient { a distin play for the ad- ; corresp' joining links, mak- e in a nu ing the chain flex- I ible. When the : Sa chain was sub- jected to an un- The usually severe is both strain in drawing In recc the heavy cars, the mica d links were pulled tions a out of shape. They stylus became elongated and in and, at the same Driv time, so much nar- across rower that each link tightened firmly around its ie

The chain, rigid as a steel bar neighbor, holding it immovable.

Why Phone Wires Sing T= mystery of the singing noise in tele- graph or telephone wires has been solved by L. Respighi, technical chief of the Italian telephone service, who finds that the sounds are due to vibrations of the wires caused by the transversal passing of air cur- rents, which act as a bow drawn over the strings of a violin. The condition most’ favorable for the production of such vibra- tions is a moderate wind blowing at right angles across the wires. Monster Bus Hauled as Truck Trailer | aetna quickly and inexpensively handling the a heavy traffic between the city anda near- : by pleasure resort, experiments are being con- ducted in Detroit, Mich., with a monster motor Motive power is supplied by a foreshortened gasoline motor bus seating 135 passengers. truck on the rear of which the bus is attached as a trailer. Only one man is needed to operate both the truck and bus, as the four quick-exit doors are opened from driver’s seat. Popular Science Monthly

Doors are controlled by the driver _ The 135-passenger bus is carried as a trailer by a motor truck

can | oper spoo is c repr reco leng flatt of t] the The reve wa\ vib) mit

a

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ch nd ed Ars a- od ww st Tow | we Ww =——- December, 19.22 55 “Talking Thread” Reproduces Human Voice Space-Saving Records, Wound on Spools, May Revolutionize Methods of Correspondence Photographs © Popular Science Publishing Company, Inc. ILL the ‘‘talking thread’’ soon revolu- tionize our present methods of letter correspondence? When “writing” to distant friends, shall we merely send them spools of cellulose string which, when placed on a reproducing mechanism, will ‘speak our words just as we said them? The perfection of a remarkably economical “talking thread” dictating device, a rudimentary form of which was described in POPULAR SCIENCE MonrTHLY of February, 1921, even now promises a distinct advance in the dictation of business correspondence. It is being used successfully in a number of business offices. Sapphire Transmits Voice Vibrations The machine, designed by a Swiss inventor, is both a recorder and reproducer of dictation. In recording the voice, sound waves, striking a mica diaphragm, cause it to vibrate. The vibra- tions are transmitted to a wedge-shaped sapphire stylus that impresses them on a cellulose thread, and incidentally slightly flattens the thread. Driven by an electric motor, the thread moves across the edge of the sapphire at a speed that How this revolutionary dictating machine records the dictator’s voice on a cellulose thread is explained in diagram at the left, arrows pointing to actual parts of the machine as noted in the diagram. Voice sound waves, striking a mica diaphragm, set up vibrations that are transmitted to a sapphire stylus. The stylus, in turn, translates the vib.ations into sound wave impressions on the thread Ingenious Book Bank Helps Kiddies to Save Dimes Y THE invention of a combined bank book and savings bank, Ed- ward D. Smith, of Erie, Pa., has made it easier for children tosave dimes. The device is made of cardboard in the form of a book, on the front cover of which are records of amounts de- posited. On the back cover is the bank This photogra: h rr a “thread soasell” ae raph ngthy speech shows # esas string in actual size can be controlled at will by the operator, and is wound on a spool which, when the dictation is completed, is ready for the reproducing machine. The records may be of any desired length. The thread being slightly flattened, will not twist so that the position records, and take up comparatively small of the corrugations of the record relative to the reproducing stylus remains unaltered. The reproducing process is simply the reverse of the recording process. Sound wave impressions on the thread set up vibrations which the sapphire stylus trans- mits to the diaphragm. Because the threads are permanent space, they are said to mark a distinct ad- vantage over the bulkier disk and cylinder dictation records now in general use. In fact, a thread record containing impressions of a speech of hundreds of words can be wound in a neat coil that is small enough to be inclosed in the average envelope used in personal correspondence. A “Talking Thread’? under the Photomicroscope Sound wave impres- sions made by sa phire stylus may seen in this photo- micrograph of an ac- tual thread record December, 1922 a, rf. rT proper, made of three thicknesses of cardboard with a semicircu- lar slot cut at the upper edge. The dime is dropped through the slot, and falls into one of 10 pockets cut in the edge of a circular coin-receiving dial. Each time a dime is deposited, the child turns the handle of the dial, exposing the next numbered pocket and revealing the amount on deposit in the book bank. The bank can be opened only after the child bas saved a dollar.

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Dumbwaiter from Cellar Feeds the Fireplace OUBLING the comfort of a home fire- place, the invention of an ingenious system of hauling wood and dumping ashes not only eliminates the drudgery of trund- ling wood from the cellar, but does away with wood boxes and coal scuttles. A dumbwaiter operated by a winch in the cellar, hoists a box loaded with fuel to an upholstered receptacle masquerading as a window seat. Ashes are removed by a chute leading to a receptacle in the cellar. High-School Boys Build Miniature Automobile OYS of the Lane Technical School in Chicago are proud of a one- seater automobile that was designed and built by themselves. Working drawings were the work of the me- chanical drawing classes. Boys in Every part of this small auto was made by high-school boys the pattern shop made patterns for castings, while others forged axles and steering column. The pulleys and aluminum disk wheels were cast by students in the school foundry. The castings for the engine were made in the foundry and finished in the machine shop, while boys in the tin shop made the seat, hood, and cowling. The different parts were assembled and fitted in the auto shop. Popular Science Monthly NINETY miles an hour is the speed of a remarkable wingless airplane carry-all built from scrapped airplane equipment by three former army avia- tors of Sioux City, Ia. The strange vehicle is 30 feet long and seven feet high, driven by a 90- Built of discarded aur- plane parts, this strange passenger bus makes 90 miles an hour Novel Wingless Plane Speeds over it horsepower airplane engine, and is provided with both runners and wheels. One pilot sits in the front seat and operates the motor and the air rudder; another operates a pronged ice gouger that digs into the surface and makes sharp turns possible. How to Make Hay without Sunshine i how owner of a large farm in England, where rains often last a week or longer during the haymaking season, has solved the problem of making hay when the sun doesn’t shine. . After the grass has been mowed, and while it is still green, this farm owner stacks it like hay, but leaves a hollow space in the center of every stack. Into this space air is forced by an electrically driven blower whenever the temperature of the stack reaches 150° F. Fermentation of the densely packed vegetable matter and the resulting overheating are prevented and perfectly cured hay of excellent quality is obtained. The frequent turning of the hay left on the fields to be cured by the sun becomes unnecessary when this ingenious method is employed. Through stacks of green hay, the elec- trically driven blower shown below forces air at high pressure, carrying off, by means of pipes, the heat in the center of the stack and preventing fermentation by overheating. At left: Taking temper- ature of air from center of stack HAT do you want to know? Send your questions on general or applied science to The Information Department, Popular Science Monthly, New York City, inclosing a self-addressed stamped envelope. a Popuiar Science Monthly 1| Pocket Searchliocht Hac . December Fa oO} C’ sl ground \ tion and danger farmers valleys ¢ fornia I that né vided e ground wher streams leys. voirs tl the tc that c hitlside storing water | tion du Inge dams, and le surplu: natura flood t on a strear fective in rai in the In metho from i shape: “debr and c all th Madr porou strear 7° veloy spots cago. tang . work long fort! ries out left float new December.

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December, 1922 57 Farmers Store Springtime Floods for Summer Use Below: One of a ter- raced series of crescent shaped check levees, built of boulders and retaining wire to form a catch basin for ab- sorbing the waters of a swollen stream ra So. eet ONFR 0 NTED ¥ by a dwindling supply of under- ground water for irriga- tion and the consequent danger of soil failure, WATER SEEKING Be UNDERGROUND Bg. RESERVOIRS ‘THE central picture above shows a - typical “‘debris fan,’ tion of boulders and gravel washed from the mountainsides, being used by Cali- fornia farmers to absorb water from Nature’s Storage Sponge > an accumula- swollen streams during the spring. The water, spread over the porous “fan” by means of ingenious dams, canals, and levees, as shown below, seeps through to a natural reservoir, from which it is pumped Atypical irrigation well in the Pornona Valley of southern California is shown below. Here water te up in Nature’s onge is sucked to t e surface to irrigate farms check levees, built like terraces up the slope of the valley, on contours 200 or 300 feet apart, according to the slope. A partial catch basin is farmers in some of the valleys of southern Cali- fornia have discovered that nature has pro- vided extensive under- ground reservoirs just where mountain streams enter the val- leys. Into these reser- voirs they have turned the torrential floods that come down the hillsides in early spring, storing the precious water for use in irriga- tion during dry periods. Ingenious use of dams, ditches, canals, and levees in diverting surplus water into the natural reservoirs at flood time, as practised on about a dozen streams, has been ef- DITCHES formed of each levee’ by turning the ends of the levee up the slope. The stream led into the highest levee, flows around the ends to the successive basins below. In this process the water is gradually ab- sorbed, and sent far below ground. A mat- tress of boulders in a wire mesh forms the water face of the levee. The stone is prevented from bunching and ac- cumulating by frequent ties in the mesh, which is anchored at top and bottom. In a recent water storage development, which has made use of fective in recent years in raising the water in the irrigation wells. In general, the remarkable storage method consists of leading a swollen stream from its channel so that it passes over fan- shaped geological formation called a “debris fan,’’ an accumulation of boulders and coarse gravel found at the mouths of all the canyons descending from the Sierra Madre Mountains. Through the broad, porous bed of loose debris, waters of the stream percolate to subterranean depths, How a stream is distributed over the wide area of a porous ‘‘debris fan,”’ by means of a dam with distributing gates, ditches, and levees to be raised to the surface later by irriga- tion pumps. To cause the water to spread out over the entire percolating fan and so be absorbed to the maximum, a number of interesting artificial methods have been employed, in- cluding canals to divert the swollen stream across the field of boulders, and lateral ditches branching from the main canals. Another method is the use of a series of the natural sponge on the north of Pomona Valley to absorb flood waters from the San Antonio Canyon, a concrete check dam with distributing gates divides the water into ditches and distributes it over nearly 800 acres of rock and sandy land covered with sagebrush. At the bottom of the “debris fan” a return ditch carries the over- flow back to the original course of the stream. From this natural storage reser- voir, hundreds of pumps in the valley are well supplied during the dry summer season. Traveling “Phaatieidge Smooths Concrete Pavement Tt? PREVENT newly made concrete roads from de- veloping waves and uneven spots, Edward G. Carr, of Chi- cago, has perfected a low rec- tangular floatbridge on which workmen stand while sliding the longitudinal, float back and forth. The floatbridge also car- ries a sliding belt that smooths out any marks that might be left by the float. In operating the device, the floatbridge is placed across the newly poured concrete. Work- December, 1922 om . § 82. «> -... ~m..._ By ——, of a men standing on both front and back trussed supports of the bridge grasp handles of the float and slide it forward and back until the entire road sur- face within the rectangular bridge has been covered. Then by means of a lever at the rear the bridge is moved ahead 10 feet at the rate of two inches for each stroke of the lever. The lever also causes the belt to slide in a reciprocating motion float over the newly poured concrete ra Se lowlike handles, workmen slide the longi- over the smoothed surface of the concrete. 59 : se ste A rae tn ne = rain: ienmiban ait si oie t Ce Seas cctaniaternaietn, Stes

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Can You Climb a 70-Degree Slope? HAT is the steep- est ascent pos- sible for human moun- tain climbers? The Matterhorn, one of the most difficult climbs in the world, has an average incline of only 30 degrees, but expert mountaineers declare that a moun- tainside rising at 70 de- grees from the horizon- tal can be scaled by fearless and experi- enced climbers. In mountain climb- ing the face of the rock may sometimes be close to 90 degrees, but such places are few and, taking the climb as a whole, the angle of as- cent is, as a rule, less steep than is generally supposed. Seen from a distance, the steepness of a mountain is deceptive. As is generally known, the eye cannot be relied upon and usually over- estimates an angle to be much steeper than it really is. In the photo- om at the eft the steep cliff which the climbers are ascending, ap- pears to be nearly perpen- dicular, yet in mountain climbing ap- pearances are often deceiving MAXIMUM MATTERHORN Experts declare a prolonged climb of more than 70 degrees impossible a Vi: mn Saf eee” New Rest Supports Violin along Entire Shoulder ‘THE supporting device recently invented by George W. Jordan, of Clemenceau, Ariz., enables violinists to hold their instru- ments comfortably and without having to depend on the support of the left hand. It consists of two parts permanently con- nected by a setscrew. One rests upon the collar bone, the other, in the form of a curved extension, bears comfortably upon the shoulder. Both extremities of the rest are padded and can be adjusted to fit in- dividual requirements. Many violin players, especially those with long necks, find it difficult to hold their instrument firmly and in the correct position while playing, and are compelled to use a chin rest or some similar device. Except in extreme cases a chin rest is fairly satisfactory, but, as the bottom of the violin is pressed against the unprotected collar bone, continued pressure soon becomes painful. The new shoulder rest takes the place of the chin rest of felt or other material that hitherto has been used. 60 Popuiar Science Monthly Pocket Searchlight Has a Focusing Attachment B* A slight turn of a button in the back of a new pocket flash light the angle of the light cone can be changed at will. The light can be scattered over a wide field or concentrated into a slender beam, giving brilliant illumination at 100 yards. The lamp is contained in a neat case, carrying three cells in series and a bulb in an adjustable socket. Turning the knurled head of the button in the back of the case moves this socket forward or back- ward, and so changes the focus of the light rays thrown by the parabolic reflector. Spiral Chute Separates Coal and Shale. [RGENIOUS separators that are motion- less and require no propelling machin- ery, are now used in many coal mines for the cheap and effective removal of shale, slate, and other clayey admixtures, from coal. The mechanism consists of a central, vertical post around which are placed spiral steel troughs. The coal already separated as to size by screening, but still containing various mineral impurities like shale, slate, and clay particles, is fed into the trough at the top and, obeying the force of gravity, slides down the spiral, fol- lowing the line of the separating ridge with which the trough is provided. In its downward travel, the coal, being lighter and smoother of surface than the impurities, flies over the separating ridge into the coal “‘rill,”” down which it travels to be discharged into the bin at the bottom. The impurities, having a greater coeffi- cient of friction than coal, move more sluggishly, landing in the wastebin. — SLATE AHD STONE Coal, slate, and stone enter the spiral together, but are-separated by centrifugal force during their downward travel, passing into separate chutes December, 1: Hetc NDER the m U in Cz rushing tow: supply San neighboring gallons of ws most spectac any great en The huge ' feet, blockir Tuolumn about 17 forming | 000,000 : intensive M2’ m plished prising | were p trailers This cates tk was net manufa other. compat tion of _ The by mea sisting steel bi capabl channe the tr with i end of mount suppo wheels tires. carry Popular Science Monthly | Decen

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December, 1922 59 ‘| Hetch Hetchy Dam Built under Night Flood Lights U NDER brilliant midnight lighting, the magnificent Hetch Hetchy dam, in California, which engineers are rushing toward completion in order to supply San Francisco, Oakland, and small neighboring communities with 500,000,000 allons of water daily, furnishes one of the most spectacular scenes ever produced by any great engineering project. The huge dam is to rise to a height of 345 feet, blocking the deep-cut valley of the PUG EN mei oe] Ba 9a ME RRS EK: ere PRS 4 p y i = 1 i Za\ Q j H i 3 ia See i. ee aan. Bee oe et ri He ~ i i ee | | ck " Spectacular Flood Lighting of Hetch Hetchy Dam ag ‘THE glare of a powerful arc lighting system made possible this mag- nificent night photograph showing recent progress in the construction e of California’s famous Hetch Hetchy dam. Picture at left shows the 350- ‘ni foot wooden tower, which supports four elevators to lift the mixed con- d crete. The dam will rise to within 5 feet of the height of this tower % cement being poured daily, the directly to the mixers, through eight-inch 1° dam will be far enough ad-_ steel pipes. The mixed concrete is lifted in . vanced by the end of next year elevators supported by a wooden tower 350 : to permit operation of a dis- feet high, braced by cables. . tant hydroelectric plant de- | signed for 70,000 horsepower. ie An 18-mile tunnel through Another Unusual Dam ) ) 1e solid rock will deliver water to HE level of the flood waters rose 10 ; l- this plant. ; feet higher than the unfinished 4 o h . Cement for the dam is de- dam designed to hold the water back; iG livered at the rate of five or six yet California engineers not only com- He carloads a day. From the pleted the dam, but saved the water, ‘ie . hopper, high above the bottom worth more than the cost of the dam. W a Tuolumne River, in the Sierra Nevadas, of the gorge, the cement is carried by a 200- a. they dq ~~ ; z “ about 175 miles east of San Francisco, and foot screw conveyor to a main storage bin an eee “or a “ a a basin capable of storing 110,000,- and from there is transferred, by another pose i 0s 9 ri building yon Barrett i % 000,000 gallons of water. As the result of screw conveyor, to a weighing shed. From dam near San Diego, Calif. ; . intensive effort, with 9000 cubic feet of the weighing machines it is delivered | @ , r) 6 8 * : , ‘ How Trailer Trucks Moved Michigan Village Twelve Miles | MOVING a village—houses and all—by ——— q motor -truck was recently accom- plished when one hundred homes, com- prising the community of Jennings, Mich., were picked up bodily and carried on trailers to Cadillac, Mich., 12 miles away. This extraordinary transfer, which indi- cates the motor truck trailer’s wide utility, was necessitated by the removal of a large manufacturing plant from one town to the other. The houses that took the trip were company homes left vacant when the loca- tion of the plant was changed. _ The house-moving feat was accomplished tire load. The trailer by means of a specially designed trailer con- _is hauled by a specially sisting of a massive framework of structural built truck, driven by a steel beams, 24 feet wide, 40 feet long, and 55-horsepower gasoline capable of carrying 35 tons. A platform of engine. channel and I-beams, raised 18 inches above Each house was the trailer frame and rigidly connected raised by a series of. with it, transfers the load at the forward jacks at each side. The end of the trailer to a rocking fifth wheel trailer was then backed mounted on the truck. Thetrailerframeis underneath the build- supported at the rear by four steel truck ing, after which the wheels, abreast, equipped with solid rubber house was lowered until tires. These wheels are placed so that they it rested evenly on the carry approximately 75 per cent of the en- trailer frame. One hundred homes were hauled 12 miles on trailers, as shown be- low. At the left, the special trailer, 40 feet long and 24 feet wide, with frame of steel I-beams pace owes ily eal December, 1922 o @ . | fm == -« = =

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Shadows of a screw thread are thrown on a ground glass screen, where they are com- pared with tracings of the shadowgraph In the testing mathed shown above, shadows of screw threads thrown pen the screen are compared with a thread chart adjustable to any required angle or pitch of thread. This apparatus tests 500 screws an hour Popular Science Monthly How Screws Are Tested by Their Own Shadows screen by ingenious new reflecting apparatus, several types of which have been developed, inspection of screw threads and gears to determine accuracy of workmanship is now accomplished with far greater speed than has been possible with the use of testing gages. Through a system of lenses the light from a powerful incandescent electric lamp is thrown against the edge of the screw or gear to be examined, so that a silhouette is obtained. This, in turn, is thrown against a prism or in some cases a mirror, that re- flects the shadow of the thread or gear upon a screen. A photographic plate may be substituted for the screen if it is desired to obtain a permanent record. Machine Tests 500 Screws an Hour With this apparatus it is possible to examine as many as 500 screws or gears an hour. The reflected image, which is thrown on a ground glass screen, is greatly en- larged. With a magnification of 100 diam- eters, it is claimed that a difference of .0001 inch can be detected. In testing the threads of a screw or the teeth of a gear, either one of two following B' MEANS of shadows thrown on the methods is employed. First, the shadow- graph of a perfectly formed thread or gear is thrown on the screen and the outlines of the thread or gear are traced on the rough side of the ground glass with a pencil. Then the shadowgraph of the screw thread or gear to be tested is thrown on the screen in the same relative position. A comparison of the outlines of the shadowgraph with that of the standard thread or gear traced on the screen will How a worm hob, used for cutting gears, is mounted for the test. Shadows of the threads of the hob are projected by a powerful incan- descent electric lamp RIGHI ANGLE ; x prism ad UNDER In this laboratory form of the ap- paratus, a light from behind throws the shadow of a screw thread to be tested on a prism, which reflects it to a photogaphic plate for a perma- nent record readily show any defects or deviations in the thread or gear under examination. Sometimes a thread chart, which may be adjusted to any angle or pitch of thread, is used on the screen as the model with which the shadow outlines of the threads to be examined are compared, as illustrated at the top of the page. Distant Typewriter Operates Monster Outdoor Bulletin Board Lane an ordinary typewriter, the keys of which actuate magnets controlling a distant printing mech- anism, a firm in New Jersey has developed a mechanism for quickly printing newspaper display bulletins in type large enough to be read 20 or 25 feet away. The printing mech- anism, usually installed in the window of a newspaper office, con- sists of a motor driven pulley containing on its periphery all the letters and figures. Paper from a 87-inch roll is run upward several feet over a frame and down the Actuating a series of magnets, keys of the typewriter—shown in inset— control the mechanism that prints display bulletins in the window of a newspaper office rear to a second col- lector roll. The typewriter, lo- cated in the editorial room or at any other convenient place, is con- nected with a series of magnets in its base. When a letter is struck, the corresponding mag- net is energized and conveys an impulse to the printing machine. This causes the type pulley to revolve until the proper letter is reached. A pin stops its motion and a set of cams presses the letter into the paper. The type wheel moves one quarter inch after each impression. Bulletins are printed at a speed of 60 letters a minute. Rec By Lew B A: b: tofore methods and like new veg for our at all sé sult fro! coveries by the Depart culture. Cont Gov growth has al been do of expo govern! have ¢c themur July, | mature that flo radishe bienniz remain the ro velopil spinac blosso! The ment ¢ forth 1 entists invent flower but tk enrich with og he iad

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December, 1922 61 Uncle Sam Discovers Magic F arming Methods that May Give Us Fresh Vegetables at Any Season Recent Experiments Promise Creation of Marvelous New Plants By Lewis E. Theiss BRAND-NEW A agriculture, based on here-

certain degrees of tem- perature are reach- ed, certain plants be- come active and start to grow, and that tofore undreamed-of under still other tem- nogte of pes betature , Sane and likely to produce ey develop _ their new vegetable wonders flowers and produce for our dinner tables at all seasons may re- sult from startling dis- coveries recently made by the United States Department of Agri- culture. Control by Light Governing plant growth not by heat, as has always hitherto been done, but by hours of exposure to light, the government experts have created chrysan- themums that bloom in July, poinsettias that mature in August; irises that flower in February; radishes that act like

HIS vision of the truck garden of the future—its fields ablaze with artificial lights by which the farmer may control the growth of vegetables to suit himself—may soon become a reality as the result of amazing experiments by the Department of Agriculture.

seeds. But until late- ly no one suspected that it was really the number of hours of daylight that con- trolled the purely re- productive processes of plants. Birth of New Theory It was the discovery, several years ago, of a new type of tobacco in Maryland, that set in motion the remarkable investigations of the Bureau of Plant Indus- try resulting in the new theory of plant growth. Under suita- ble conditions this new

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4 biennials; lettuce that These experiments reveal that, by regulation of hours of light, tobacco, which was | aga —* — In size, plants can be changed to giants or dwarfs. + 9 . me i hase “i prince bet Plants that now bloom annually can be transformed into biennials unusually. bene olan | rs spinach that does not or perennials. the plant in some \y t a ? Blooming and fruiting periods can be delayed or advanced. pig Leggs ef Hi *6 e recent govern- N ane i; hom df re acted te t an 000 leaves. It if ment experiments hold ew varieties of fruit and flowers may be obtained by cross- promised greater crops ne forth the hope that sci- breeding of plants through synchronizing their blooming periods. and cheaper tobacco. it 1 the entists may not only «There was, however, 1 invent beautiful new pre ange age dif- y be flowers and vegetables, culty of obtaining 4 is but that our “ne may be -deniedtousexcept sufficient seed. It was found that, al- hich - enriched the year round at certain seasons. though growing conditions were favorable > be with fresh vegetables now Most of us have in Maryland, the plant would hardly 1 at doubtless assum- develop seed there. It appeared that the ed hitherto, that new plant, despite its value, was going With electric light after |< plants ripen atcer- to be practically useless. sunset to lengthen win- | #/ ii al tain seasons simply This was in line with facts of common ex- d tor oneoeey pai, Daa RA ae according tosome perience in horticulture. Although flower- wn planted January | ®t \ae mysterious law of ing and fruiting proceed with regularity so Li B col- 10, did not flower until |,“ : their own. Scien- long as a plant is grown in any particular he the short days of the next mM : tists have held _ locality, in temperate regions, the changing Ue lo 5 Bo i that plant growth of the plant’s habitat may also greatly Li i orial ter the spindling plant PR gb with flowering and changeits habits. A species that may pro- a ther next toit began flowering jt “aie fruiting, is due duce flowers and fruit in one region may 1 aan March 10 fi fay my principally to become sterile in another. Plants that are i f f ATi i heat; that when annuals in one region become perennials in : 77 TNA | ack, : inedK ' uck, ae Ita “7 Glades nag- a? TIGHT-STIMULATED NORMAL and YSMOS — PLANTED JANUARY 10 e to ine. ype intil ' is tops ay t of i tter me ia Yeh” Fe The pos , NORMAL NORMAL LIGHT STIMULATED —— B UGHFSTIMULATED one ey CHRYSANTHEMUM = PHOTOGRAPHED SPINACH-WINTERT| ME EXPERIMENTS ERAPHED IN JURE sach yd JUpy 28 tins dis i - oe rysan reated by electric lights How red clover was held in the creep- ee a Prrmcnnics We eal —" go — oo to ter night quickly ing stage (at left) by midwinter day- 3 smaller comrade to normal summer days turned spinach (at the right) to seed light of 10 hours

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62 another. Working on this theory, the in- vestigator of the Bureau of Plant Industry advised raising the Maryland tobacco plant in northern Florida, in winter. The ex- periment was tried, and the tobacco blos- somed and brought forth seed. The reason? The soil was not greatly different. Cultural conditions were the same. But winter days in 18 weeks have elapsed, growing huge before flowering. If planted later, however, it tends to flower at the same time as the earlier planted bean. In the experiments, Biloxi soy beans that germinated May 17 were allowed to receive only seven hours of light daily, beginning May 20. In 26 days the plants werein bloom. A similar lot of Popular Science Monthly weeks it shoots up a flower stem, blooms ang dies. The Scarlet Globe variety of radish when planted May 15, began to blossom June 21 under normal conditions, Proving it is a long-day plant. When the same variety of radish, however, was planted at the same time, but allowed only seven hours of light a day, the edible root grew slowly and the rosette leaves Florida are shorter than are summer days in Maryland. The plant produced seed in Florida in winter because the winter daylight was shorter. Daylight and Blossoms The investigators had hit upon a significant fact—they now knew that plants belong to their own “union,” with a working day governed by hours of sunlight. Given the proper amount of light, they bear fruit and blossom almost any time. The iris, which commonly flow- ers in May and June, will not bloom under hothouse condi- tions in winter, even though May and June temperature con- ditions are reproduced. The chrysanthemum, even in a chamber artificially cooled to an October temperature, would not bloom in midsummer. Yet, when the secret of light control was discovered, the iris, grown in hothouses strung with elec- tric lamps that artificially lengthened the day by six hours, was made to blossom in winter; while by producing artificially the daylight period of October, chrysanthemums were made to blossom in midsummer. In following experiments, to determine whether the daily light period affected the reproductive processes in plants, various plantings of soy beans were made, in per- manent outdoor beds. Other plantings were made in containers placed in trucks which could be run in and out of a dark house. This specially constructed building shut out all light, but allowed air to pass through freely. Thus it was a simple matter to allow any individual plant only a certain number of hours of light daily. The soy bean known as “‘Biloxi’’ offers a striking example of the results obtained. When planted under ordinary conditions, in early spring, in Washington, D. C. (where the experiments were made), it continues its purely vegetative processes until 15 or for plants under tests. grew large, but no flower stem was formed. When the plant was removed to a hothouse in winter, it continued to grow slowly, but as soon as the long days of summer came, it shot up a flower stem, and died, thus completing its cycle. Nature Outdone! The amazing thing about these experimenis was that scientists, by artificial methods, had changed the radish from an annual to a biennial! Cosmos, when started too late in the season to develop its bloom, continued to grow in the hothouse for another year, blooming in its second year at the period of 12-hour days. Meantime, the plant grew to A Dark House for Plant Experiments Above is the dark house used by experimenters of the Department of Agriculture to control the daylight period Trucks carrying the plants are rolled into the dark house when the desired hours of day- light exposure have been completed plants exposed to the full period of daily light, required 110 days to flower. Thus the soy bean, which ordinarily flowers in September, was forced to flower in June simply by shortening the daylight period. Further tests proved that the plant flow- ered equally well if exposed to a 12-hour daylight period, revealing the fact that the soy bean is a 12-hour-day flowering plant, normally blooming in September, the period of equal days and nights. By similar facts revealed in tests with other plants, the scientists proved that if a plant is prevented from flowering by keep- ing it from attaining the proper daylight period, it will remain blossomless until its required normal light period is regained. The tremendous importance of this dis- covery to agriculture is apparent. Consider the radish, for example. Normally, it is sown in early spring. Usually within six a height of 15 feet! This showed that regulation of light will actually regulate even the size of plants. Lettuce and spinach showed similar traits. They go to seed under normal conditions, yet when their days were shortened artificially, they remained in the rosette stage. The significant fact here is that vegetables which are now delicacies be- cause they go to seed when hot weather arrives, may be kept from doing so by regulating their daylight period. Perhaps the most far-reaching result of the tests is the use of artificial light regula- tion for plant breeding. Heretofore, plant breeders have been unable to make desired cross breeds, because of their inability to eliminate differences in time of flowering of the two parental flowers. Artificial light control will make it possible to synchronize their blooming periods. Finally, it is hoped that definite scien- tific facts will be developed from these investigations by which gardeners can control the growth of plants, planting when they choose rather than according to season, and securing either seed or vegetables, as they prefer. Willow Dams Built through Ice on the Mississippi DAs of willow twigs that keep the channels of the Mississippi at a navigable depth, protecting valuable farming land along the banks against erosion, are easier to build in winter than in summer, engineers have found, since ice on the river simplifies construc- tion. The entire space to be occupied by the dam is first outlined on the ice, then covered with willow trees, which are laid with the feet deep or more. This mat is bound firmly to- gether with wire cables, and covered with a layer of rock. A second layer of willow matting is then placed, and so on until the dam has reached the desired height. With crosscut saws work- men then cut through the ice upon which the dam rests, and the weight of the rock sinks it to the bottom. Here the mass of willow twigs pointing upstream fills up with silt brought down branches pointing upstream, so that they form a mat 30 Layers of willow een: mente aaedl rocks Tei the jim, which sinks when the ice is cut by the river, forming an artificial sandbar dam. Popular Science Monthly ¢ RR we of reinfor rug at plates, units form ¢ ment tested head k ing in ham, The in fot place are tc place by a slabs, to er width Ka with its sk unde T_ Decem ——

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December, 1922 63 uhly —_— S and ai, Road Building Derrick Lays Pre-Cast Concrete Slabs a WO-TON slabs new highway. This ed at of concrete, prevents any side even reinforced by cor- motion of the slabs grew rugated steel and makes it un- 2aVes plates, are the necessary to fasten stem units in a novel them together. plant form of road pave- Theslabs are laid se in ment now being on the road foun- grow tested on the Bank- dation with the long head highway lead- gutter side on the shot ing into Birming- outside and with thus ham, Ala. the opposite short The slabs, cast side of the rhom- in forms near the boid against the place where they center line of the are to be used, are road. The lines thei placed in position separating the tists by a crane. Two - / slabs on the same nged slabs, placed end ro left: How the maaaaad concrete ae are laid i in position by a derrick. side of the road run to a to end, cover the At right: Slabs being cast in forms parallel with the width of the road. lines separating late Each slab is cast in rhomboidal form, wide, about 1% inches high and spaced 2 the slabs on the opposite side. This i with a raised ridge on the edge of one of or 3 inches apart. These ribs sink into arrangement makes it possible to use i its short sides, forming a gutter. On the grooves cut into the surface of the old road- slabs cast in the same mold on both year, under side are parallel ribs, 2 or3inches bed, which becomes the substratum of the _ sides of the road. ir at J lays. Vv to s One Man Runs Concrete Mixer mn of oom AREFULLY When the handles of the balanced on mixer are lowered, gravel wed wheels, a new and ag way Hee d be pase seed ortable concrete up to the platform resting yet oe is so com- a ned pact that one man : the ean trundle it i re is from place to i _be- place as easily as Af es, if it were a wheel- V | heir barrow. if To operate the 1 t of mixer the plat- } ula- form approach : if — Light Auto Top of Metal TORS : | | to N ALL-ALUMINUM automobile top, _ barrow is let down i g of recently designed, is so light that a on its support and / ght driver can raise or lower it with one hand. the gravel and cement are carried up a _ concrete is emptied from the other end of ize When lowered, the top swings into a recess skidway and dumped directly: into the the mixer into the forms or carted by at the rear of the car. mixer. After the mixing is completed.the | wheelbarrow to wherever it is needed. en- ese 2 - “an : Levered Arch Lifts Tight ng Trucks Deliver Loaded Garbage Carts Milkcan Lids oF ARBAGE carts that can be lifted For short haul collections the cart is IGHT fitting to motor trucks and whisked away drawn by horses. When the cart body 4% milkean cov- to garbage dumps, _is loaded, the horses are unhitched and a ers, which are =] have _ recently been de-_ truck with adjustable platform backs up oltan the. todd vised. tothe cart. From the rear of the truck a cause of damage ramp is lowered, while the platform is to cans by ham- tilted to form a continuation of the ramp, mering, can now up which the cart is hauled by a winch. be removed easily With the cart locked in place, the by means of a truck speeds to the garbage dump, simple cover re- where the load is dumped by tilting the mover, consisting truck platform. of a U-shaped arch that rests on the shoulders of the can, and two levers _ P ™ pivoted in the arch — OC in such a manner “ that their ends act on the under side of the cover. Comparatively slight downward pressure on the lever handles raises the tightest fit- ting cover without damaging it or the can. . As a further precaution against damage, Re hee “= Sacgggg eA ie po thyme body, where iaieennoe the feet of the iron arch are covered with | leather where they rest on the can. December, 1922 65

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_ Cf ~ ; : 3 at ‘ = fT . a ae =< Pune te, ee

Popular Science M. onthly

fees hm — wa.

Cane Harvester eo the first sugar-cane harvesting machine was described in a patent issued in 1859, followed by scores of others, what is said to be the first commercially successful cane har- vester was invented by George D. Luce, of New Orleans, only a few years ago, and is now operating in Cuba and Florida. The machine is mounted on an end- less tread and is 33 feet long, 15 feet high, and eight feet wide. It weighs 14 tons and is driven by a single gas engine.

trips an Sorts Stalks With three men to operate it, the har- vester will cut from 150 to 200 tons of cane a day, doing the work of 70 men. As the machine is driven into the field of growing cane, revolving circular flat knives cut off the stalks. A conveyor carries the cane up over the top of the machine to a combing device that strips off the leaves. From there, stalks pass to knives that cut the cane into sections of right length and another conveyor carries sections to a sorting mechanism that throws out stalks too small for use.

Hot Air Register Concealed by Mock Fireplace ‘Ta cheery light and comfort of an open grate fire, minus the nuisance of hand- ling coal and ashes, is possible in the sitting room by a new method of camouflaging a hot air register. The grate is filled with a pile of irregu- larly shaped pieces of colored glass, which are as large as grate-size coal and ranging in tint from light pink to deep maroon. Underneath and back of these pieces of glass, a bank of electric lamps is placed. These lamps, when switched on, give to the glass the appearance of glowing lumps of coal. To imitate the flickering of the coal fire, pinwheels, pivoted on wire uprights, are placed above the lamps. Rising heat currents from the lamps cause the pin- wheels to revolve, throwing shadows on the glass, and producing a realistic imitation of firelight flickering. The heat comes from a hot air register in the fireplace behind the make-believe fire.

The Editor will be glad to supply, wherever possible, the names and addresses of manufacturers of devices mentioned in this issue.

Novel Cupboard Preserves Drawing Paper CUPBOARD that keeps drawing paper clean and facilitates its handling has recently been designed in Germany. In the cupboard is a space inclosed on all sides, so that no ‘ais dust can enter. ——

It takes up a floor space of only two feet square. The cupboard contains four rolls of draw- ing and two rolls of tracing paper. The rolls are arranged on a revolving circular plate so that each roll is easily brought into position required for cutting. The rolls are readily inserted and withdrawn. A metal ruler provides for cutting, insures straight and smooth edges and consequent saving of paper. The invention is especially de- signed for use in drafting rooms and in architects’ offices. What Do You Want to Know?

FN ete your questions on subjects of general or applied science to the Infor. mation Department, POPULAR ScIENcE MonTHLy, 225 W. 39th St., New York City, inclosing self-addressed, stamped envelope, Can you estimate the amount of coal still left to be mined? The world’s total coal reserve is estimated at 7,460,506,000,000 tons, of which 542. 103,000,000 is anthracite. Is it true that oil is used on oilstones to uce friction and thereby prevent the tool from heating ? The chief use of the oil is not to lessen friction, but to prevent the metal from forming a glaze on the surface of the stone, When a steel blade is rubbed on a dry oilstone, minute particles torn from the metal attach themselves to the surface of the stone and are then burnished to a smoothness that greatly lessens the friction and prevents further abrasion, so that in reality oil on the whetstone actually in- creases the friction, instead of lessening it, Is it true that snow sometimes is of various colors ? Yes. In the arctic regions and elsewhere it sometimes appears red, green or some other color, due to spores, pollen, micro- scopic algae or volcanic ash suspended in the air and carried down to the earth by the snow. If a lead storage battery is not to be used for several months, and you have no means of charging for this period, what should be done ? The battery should be fully charged, electrolyte removed, and distilled or pure water put in place of solution. On re- turning the battery to service, give it a small charge while the water is present. Remove the water and return the electro- lyte with the proper specific gravity, 1.22. Now discharge the battery, and then give it a good overcharge.

Rotary Toothbrush Cleans Backs of Teeth A NEW brush that makes it possible to brush the fronts as well as the backs of our front teeth in one operation consists of two round disks studded with bristles and fastened at the end of a long handle. The handle is given an oscillating rotary motion by rolling be- tween the palms of the hands.

ne Popular Science Monthly Decembe Rai

N I rail mobile s type of freight c of the v' transver by it to nests of laminate turn res In th are sup) invertec curely springs, on the t " The ¢ road sh Right ordinar way 1

the si throug act in and p lateral more, effecte 30,000

Decemb I ———

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of ‘or- \CE ty, December, 1922 EE eeSesFsseseshs =| _— December, 1922 Railroad Car Springs of Automobile Type N INTERESTING modification for railway use of a familiar type of auto- mobile spring suspension is seen in a new type of bogie, or truck for passenger and freight cars. In the ordinary type, the weight of the vehicle, carried on the center of the transverse bolster, or beam, is transferred by it to a pair of side frames supported on nests of helical springs or on the ends of laminated bearing springs, or both, which in turn rest upon the axle boxes. In the new type, the ends of the bolster are supported between the centers of two inverted, laminated springs, and are se- curely bolted thereto. The ends of the springs, in turn, are secured by pins to lugs on the top and bottom of each axle box. The object of the design is to transmit all road shocks from the wheels direct through Right: An a Ne ordinary rail- - TRUCK BOLSTER a a AQ NeEEO hae Sam VSS ASS Above and to & ) ‘Esl 7 left: oe new a = truc B en the springs to the bolster, instead of through a solid frame. Thus the springs act in a double capacity, partly as girders and partly as springs, as well as taking lateral and transverse strains. Further- more, a considerable saving in weight is effected. Trucks of this type have run 80,000 miles without mishap. 65 Test Barn Air to Increase Milk Yield By careful study and control of the atmos- phere in the cow barn, milk yield is increased. Above, a wind meter is being used to mea- sure velocity of air is- suing from a duct; at right, air is being sam- pled for carbon dioxid content ENTILATION in many modern cow barns is planned as carefully and tested with as much scientific accuracy as that in any hospital. When cows have enough fresh air, without strong drafts, their milk is greater in quantity and richer in butter fat. This fact has been demon- strated at the Oak Dale Farms at Le Roy, Minn., where the utmost care is taken to see that a barn is warmed srfficiently by animal heat and the air kept fresh. The content of carbon dioxid is deter- Motor Truck Has Tilting Cab Roof Pp doors, or low loading bins are no obstacle to motor trucks equipped with a tilting cab roof of recent invention. During travel it protects the driver, but when pushed forward and down, does not add to the headroom. The invention comes from a small town in Wales, where sudden storms that sweep down from the mountains make it necessary to give the The roof of the cab tilts down to lessen headroom. A . truck with roof in place driver protection at all times. A standard wind- screen is placed in front of the tilting cover, and is bent back when the roof is lowered. Two large wingnuts are un- screwed, and the top then drops forward in front of the truck. The driver need only be careful not to stop his engine while the cover is down, since it prevents him reaching the starting crank. mined by taking a sample of the barn air close to the floor, and near the ceiling with the test tube apparatus shown in the hands of the man crouching on the floor. The sample tubes are subjected to a careful quantitative analysis and the per- centage of carbon dioxid in the various parts of the barn is determined. The figures are used as a basis in designing a ventilat- ing system that will supply the correct amount of fresh air and humidity. New Instrument Combines T-Square and Protractor A NEW drafting instrument that is said to represent an improvement over the movable-head T-square consists of three principal parts—a rod on which a rule is mounted, a metal protractor plate with lugs, and a guide rod along which the pro- tractor plate can slide by means of the lugs. The guide rod is clamped to the drawing- board at one end. The rod on which the rule is mounted is pivoted to the center of the protractor semicircle, and an extension of the rod, pointed at the end, forms the indicator. By sliding the protractor with its fixed ruler along the guiding rod, parallel lines may be drawn through any point. soa Soran RS es “wanes Tam-menaseain fee Sn ase iv SAS IES Sa Ca Te ees om

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66 Popular Science Monthly | A Page of Useful New Inventions for the Home Made of metal that will not rust, this soap holder, which may be hooked inside or outside of bucket, keeps the soap from contact with the water and so saves it Clotheslines can be tight- ened quickly with this combination pulley and gripping device. The harder the pull on the free end of the line, the tighter the line when the end is released Raising the han- dle of the win- dow cleaning de- vice, shown at right, releases water from a rubber reservoir in center of pad A new automatic gas range has a built-in fireless cooker, top-heated by soapstone disks. An automatic valve, that can be set for any time, turns off the gas 68 An unusually convenient wardrobe chest is suspended from the a frame.of a bed by means of two bracket rails, on which the chest - & slides without touching the floor Loss of 30 per cent of the heating power of a gas stove is said to be pre- ventable by surrounding utensils with adjustable belts made of linked aluminum plates Remarkably com- pact and service- able, this new all- metal washing machine is espe- cially designed for use in the small =>. 7 oat) This fruit-jar cap with crosswise slot is easily unscrewed by placing a knife, or similar tool, in the slot and turning oe Placing the neck of the bottle or jar over the pivoted nozzle of this new washing device and turning bottle and tube verti- cally, turns on the water A handy new tea kettle is filled through a small opening with a hinged lid, im- mediately in front of the kettle handle This ornamental electric lamp bracket is attached to a counterweighted band that may be slung over the headboard of a bed, the back of a chair, or a piano Popular Science M oni Decembe' Co1 M A { an in furna Frenc heatit Th pipes fire-b Th trate make than syste

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ly December, 1922 pa @ecereee| || Auto Chassis Converted into Ice Cutter ITH ice- a a Le oe. Wrath) me . i we we saws reve a ¢ ry mounted on the rear wheel ¥ axles, theframe- work and en- gine of a light car were con- verted this win- ter into an efficient ice har- vester. A plow handle was bolted to the chassis just in front of the ra- diator, and the chassis was mounted on a strong sled, work, however, the saw is run at the full with a round iron bar at the balancing speed of the engine. A system of cords point, so that one man could easily raise attached to the motor controls on the the saws from the ice at the end of the instrument board enables the operator cut. to control the engine from his place at the The gear shift was left intact for use plowhandle. In operation, the novel cut- hw cutting very thick ice. In ordinary ting machine, of course, goes backward. The converted chassis, with ice saws mounted on rear axles and a plow handle attached in front of radiator COLD WATER DEPRESS THE HANDLE TO EJECT PAPER AND CARDON SHEET Rotary Power Razor Shaves in Sixty Seconds SHAVE in 60 seconds—without the possibility of a cut face—is the claim advanced for a new rotary razor invented by S. P. Jones, of Waco, Texas. The in- strument operates by electricity, and jits “ any of the standard shafts used for power driven clippers in barber shops. The razor consists of two double edged wafer blades, much like those used in safety razors, mounted inside a circular Combination Boiler-Grate Is Coal Saver AKING one ton of coal do the work _ of two is said to be a possibility with (|; an ingenious new combination boiler and furnace or fireplace grate invented by a French engineer for use in hot-water heating systems. _ The “boiler” consists of a series of curved pipes that. may be fitted into the furnace fire-box or into a fireplace. 3 The curved pipes act as a grate, as illus- trated above, and their shape is said to make the water circulate at a higher speed Paper Cabinet for Typists APER and carbons are assembled auto- matically for the typist in a cabinet of pressed steel with three compartments con- than is customary with a gravity heating taining letterheads, carbon paper, and system. second sheets. By depressing a lever, the Coal, gas or coke may be burned. One paper and carbons are fed out and arranged open fire in a living-room fireplace equipped _ in the proper order ready for insertion in the with the boiler-grate, will heat a small typewriter. A tray at the top receives used house, it is claimed. carbon sheets. Battered Bullets No Alibi for Hunters ATTERED bullets are no excuse’ inches is smaller than the shoulder of for missing a shot. Recent tests a good sized buck. The damage done demonstrate that this favorite alibi of . to the bullets in this test could never the hunter who, having missed his game, be duplicated by wear in the hunter’s notes that the points of some of his belt, or battering in the magazine of a bullets are flattened or bent, simply rifle. Even when tools were used de- will not hold water. liberately to ruin the points, the divert- If the base of the bullet is flat, at right ing effect proved to be negligible. angles to the axis, the bullet will fly true, regardless of any ordinary , damage done to the point, the # k tests revealed. Modern hunting §7 bullets with the points cut off, broken off, sliced diagonally and sectioned half through lengthwise all stayed inside a 14-inch circle at 200 yards. The tests included practically all modern bullets for . American hunting rifles in common use. Two hundred yards is a long hunting range. aes ii Most deer aro See: ' killed under 100 In experimental firing all these battered bullets struck yards, and 14 within a 14-inch circle at 200 yards | = wa a . = = a omen ly Norember., 1922 Driven by electric motor, the rotary razor is said to shave closely without danger of cutting the skin housing at the correct shaving angle. The rotary member carrying the blade makes 500 revolutions a minute. The arrangement of blades is said to make cutting of the skin impossible, no matter how much pressure the barber puts on the instrument, or whether the razor is moved across the skin longitudinally or in a circular fashion as one might use a lather brush. The beard is shaved uniformly, since the closeness of the shave is governed by ad- justment of the instrument, and not by the pressure with which the device is pressed against the skin. Thumb pressure on a button controls the instrument. 69 Pe OE ETE Na A IE panes ea tC OL AIT EY 2 A A NC

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68 Jack Binns’ Ten Commandments for the Radio Fan Second Series: Getting the Best Results with a Vacuum Tube Se

Figure 1—How to short circuit ‘‘dead ends’”’ in a single slide tuner By Jack Binns F YOU own a standard I vacuum tube receiving outfit, you have in your possession a delicate hit of apparatus, the efficiency of which depends as much upon you who operate it as upon the set itself. The purpose of my present series of ‘““Ten Commandments for Radio Fans” is to enable any pos- sessor of an ordinary receiv- ing set to achieve higher efficiency in using it and to get the maximum enjoyment out of it by learning a few fundamentals of operation. Strange to say, the com- mandment which I consider of prime importance for the intelligent operation of a vacuum tube set is ignored by 98 out of 100 operators— and I should be inclined to except from this statement not even some experienced radio engineers. It is this: 1. Don’t Kill Your Set with Excessive Resistance. This commandment has to do with your tuning apparatus. The tuner is really an oscillating transformer, which with high frequency It is placed in your circuit in order to “resonance” with the transmitted electromagnetic wave. there is absolute resonance, the circuit deals put the receiver in

Hie } in -< —— Wy PRIMARY os + MSR TERMINA ts Pe BOARD yr oe ?

5 E Ht lwnen a HYDROMETER Fe] _ {REGISTERS Br --F 1200 BATTERY GHARGE =] [BATTERY Is " Gi dl | af " . : BATTERY 1S Charging Batteries at Home : FULY tings AVOID the annoyance of having a battery ft run down just when it is needed, many i: radio fans find it worth while giving their bat- as teries a short charge every day or two, using a home battery recharger on alternating current. The essential part of the recharger shown above is a tube containing filament and plate, similar to the vacuum tube in your receiving set, but differing in that it is filled with argon, an inert gas. Electrons emitted by the heat fila- ment ionize the gas, thereby making it conduc- tive. This gas acts as a current carrier. The instrument has two outside cables, one of which has a plug to be inserted in a convenient socket in the home lighting circuit; the other divides into a red lead, to be connected with the posi- tive terminal of the battery, and a black lead, to be connected with the negative terminal. The condition of a battery can be determined by the use of a hydrometer (inset). te

} e

will offer resistance to the wave, and signals will not be as strong as they should be. The effect of a receiver out of resonance with an incoming wave is like the effect on a tuning fork when you grip it by the reeds instead of by the handle —the vibrations are dampened out. currents. Unless sistance are very simple. single slide tuner, all that is necessary is to solder one end of a wire to the free end of your tuning coil, and the other end to the slider bar, as shown in Fig. 1. Then, no matter where the slider may be on the tuning coil, all those turns that are not Popular Science M onthly Figure 2—How to short circuit ‘‘dead ends”’ in the variocoupler type of tuner In every tuner is an ar rangement with which we can vary the number of turns of wire we wish to have in the circuit. It may be a sliding rod, which slips along the top of the wire, or it may consist of switches the points of which are soldered to differ- ent turns on the tuner. The purpose in either case is to put the tuner in resonance with the incoming wave by varying the number of turns of wire actually used on the tuner. There are always a number of turns of wire on your tuner not actually being used in the circuit. They-are in reality “dead ends.” Now, if you leave these dead ends open, they will respond to the incoming waves and may oscillate in synchronism with the latter. In so doing, they will absorb precious energy that should enter the business end of your receiver. Such absorp- tion increases the resistance of the circuit. The methods by which you can overcome this re- In the case of the

Q.—Will you please explain the meaning of terms that are prefixed by such words as “‘micro,”’ ‘‘mill,”’ ‘‘meg,”’ etc. A.—Following is a list of prefixes usually used in connection with electrical units and which determine the value of the fraction used: Micro-micro, one millionth of a mil- lionth; micro, one millionth; milli, one thousandth; centi, one hundredth; deci, one tenth; deka, ten; hekto, one hun- dred; kilo, one thousand; meg, one million. Thus, a milli-ampere is one thousandth ampere; a meg-ohm, one million ohms. Q.—What is the best method of determin- ing the polarity of a storage or B battery

when the terminals of such batteries are not marked? A.—Place the leads from terminal of battery whose polarity is desired in a solution of salt water. A bubbling will be noticed around one of the terminals indicating negative polarity. Q. —How can I tell whether a tube is oscile lating? A.—Quickly weaken or strengthen its gen- eration by tightening the tickler coupling or by going from one extreme to the other in the plate variometer. A click or “Mthud indicates the start or stop of an oscillation or, more rarely, a sudden change in strength of oscillation. Radio Questions Answered—What’s Yours? Q.—Is it nec” essary to use insUue lated wire for the ground wire? A.—The ground conductor may be bare or in- sulated. It should be of copper, approved copperclad steel, or other metal that will not corrode excessively. Unless of cop- perclad steel, the ground wire should never be less than No. 14 B. &S. gage. Jack Binns

actually For the jnvariak two SW! pbetweer the up] (page 6 Thes the ma range © louder fewer t 2. Is Pre The all-im tion ¢ to em cles path by th can t Ni this thro tem] hot. fail evel new hov cul At ine sig he: thi

70 Popular Science Monthly Dece

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ort the ner iN are ve can ns of n the liding e top sist S of iffer- The is to ance e by ‘urns the YS a 2 on eing are will ling » in ter. orb uld of r'p- nee ich he nd to no he ot December, 1922 69 | = How ~ GROUND Hook-up for a simple none regenerative vacuum tube receiving set to Make Your Simple Tube Set Regenerative = i in, and then adjust new coil until maximum signals are heard. Only experiment can tell which end of new coil should be nearest old coil, and whether coils should be in exact aline- ment or not. When maximum signals are heard, fasten coil in position HEN inserting second coil to obtain feed-back effect, tune ___WACUUM TUBE.” ANTENNA z. at VARIABLE Insertion of a second tuning coil to produce feed-back effect actually in use will be short circuited. For the variocoupler type of tuner, which invariably has ‘‘tap-offs’’ connected with two switches, simply solder a loose wire between the center of each switch and the uppermost tap, as shown in Fig. 2 (page 68). These precautions are all important for the man who is using large coils for a wide range of tuning, but will often result in louder volume in the case of tuners with fewer turns. 2. Remember that Your Filament other hand, are large, and consequently the current given off by them is greater. This is exactly what we want, because the filament requires current, while all the plate needs is voltage. The rule for governing plate voltage is simple. If the pressure on the plate be- comes too great, the tube will object so strongly that it will display a blue glow in- side. This blue glow is a warning. Heed it by taking some of the batteries out of the plate circuit. Again, in this instance, ex- periment must be your guide. should always be slightly above the tops of the plates, and that only distilled water should be used. 5. Use Power Only from the Battery. If you try to use the direct current lighting supply to obtain current for the filament of your vacuum tube by means of putting a resistance in series with the light circuit and your filament, your tube will amplify the commutator hum of the dynamo to such an extent that all else will be blotted out in your tele- phones. The same is true of alternating Is Precious. The filament of your vacuum tube is all-important in your set. The func- tion of the filament in a vacuum tube is to emit the electrons, or negative parti- cles of electricity, which form the pathway on which the current set up by the incoming electromagnetic waves can travel. Now, the filament will only perform this function when the current passed through it heats it to just the right temperature. If it gets too hot, or is not hot enough, it refuses to do its job. And failure to humor it may cost you an evening’s pleasure and the price of a new tube as well. Only by experiment, however, can you tell just how much current to pass through the filament. At a certain point, as» the current is increased, there will be distortion of the Glass Case for Two-Stage Set How T. R. Krumm, of Continental, Ohio, achieved: a unique effect by inclosing his two-stage receiving set in a glass case current used for lighting, only in this case you get the 60-cycle hum in the telephone. 6. Use Right Battery Connections. The vacuum tube needs two kinds of batteries—A and B—which will operate in conjunction with the tube only when correctly joined up. The A or storage battery is used for lighting the filament. When the filament is heated, electrons travel to the plate inside the vacuum tube, provided the plate is charged to a positive potential. In other words, you must connect the positive terminal of your B battery with the plate terminal of the vacuum tube in order to have the tube operate successfully. The greater the positive potential placed on the plate, the louder will be signals. You will get best results by heating your filament to just below this distortion point. 3. Carefully Control Plate Voltage. A vacuum tube will not work without batteries, but you must use judgment in employing these batteries. It is just as important to refrain from putting too much voltage on the plate as it is not to put too much current on the filament. At this point, it might be well to explain the difference between the B battery and the storage battery which you use to light the filament. Why the small B batteries have more voltage than the great big stor- age battery, is a puzzle to many radio be- ginners. The B battery is made up of many little dry cells, all joined in series. Every electric cell, no matter what its size, has an electric pressure (or voltage) of about 114 volts. If these cells are joined in series, their total voltage is added together. But, since these cells are small, they will have little current. The cells in the storage battery, on the December, 1922 4. Care for Your Storage Battery. The storage battery is a tricky elec- trical appliance. Yet it is one of the most faithful if treated properly. Do not permit it to fall below its normal charge. Even if you have no hydrometer to test it with, you can easily figure what the condition of your battery really is. Your dealer will tell you what is its rating in ampere hours. Thus, if it is a 60-ampere- hour battery, and you are using a single tube in your receiver, the battery would be completely run down at the end of 60 hours if you ran it continuously. With two tubes it would run down in 30 hours. The battery, however, does not hold its charge indefinitely. It gives off current all the time and therefore you should have the battery recharged when you have reached the point when half its charge has been consumed—that is, after 30 ampere hours in the case of a 60-hour battery. If you charge the battery yourself, re- member that it requires water, which the response in the telephones con- nected with your set, up to a certain point. After this point is reached, how- ever, results are spoiled if more voltage is added to the plate circuit. The satura- tion depends upon the characteristics of the individual tube being used in the set, and it is for this reason that B batteries are fitted with taps to enable you to make connections for different voltages. For this reason also experiment alone will determine the amount of voltage to put on the plate of your tube. Remember that the negative lead from the B battery should be joined to the same terminal of the storage battery that is connected back with the tuner. 7. Keep the Connection in the Straight and Narrow Path. It is important to recall again that in operating a receiver you are working an electric circuit that must be kept in a state of resonance to give the best results. In order to reach this state, we need two electric qualities known as “capacity” 71 ALIAS ESO ELIE REET sneer, seeeereren teesrnrennas arenes

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(oe tee eo te 70 and “inductance.” Using the simplest pos- sible language, we can say that capacity tends to assist a change in the circuit, while inductance tends to resist any change. Now every piece of wire has both inductance and capacity distributed The injunction against the use of steel wire does not apply to the aerial wire. Ordinary steel should not be used, but a specially designed aerial wire with a steel core and another covering of copper combines the strength of steel Popular Science Monthly mark between the two terminals of the grid condenser, yet its rdle is highly im. portant. As we have pointed out before there is a constant emission of electrons from the filament to the plate. Now, it is only natural that some of these electrons will lodge on the grid, and if the num. along its length. If we take wire and wind it in the form of a coil, we in- crease its inductance for any given length, compared with the inductance of the same piece of wire when it is straight. From this it will be seen that if, in hooking up the different pieces of apparatus in a receiving set, very long wires are used, we are in reality adding more inductance and capacity to the circuit than are required, and we are thus making it harder to adjust into a state of resonance. It is necessary, therefore, that the connecting wires should be as short and straight as possible. Moreover, the various connecting wires should be placed at right angles to each other, when feasible. 8. Use Copper Wire Only. Never use iron or steel wire for the purpose of joining two pieces of radio apparatus together. Do not forget that it is necessary to keep the resistance of the circuit down to the minimum, be- cause the amount of energy dealt with is extremely small, and remember that the best known conductor is copper. It should also be borne in mind that the currents handled in the oscillating circuits of the radio receiver are of a very high frequency, especially those from broadcasting stations using 360- meter wave lengths. In these cases the frequencies involved are 833,333 cycles a second. Now electricity alternating at this terrific frequency has a peculiarity when traveling along wires known as This Two-Stage Set Built from Our Blueprint ORRIS MEISEL, of New York City, has achieved remarkable. re- sults with his two-stage radio receiving set, shown above, which he built from Popular Science Monthly’s blueprint. Mr. Meisel has been especially success- ful in the clear quality of signals received. He uses for his aerial two seven-strand copper wires, each 100 feet long. His lead-in is of the same wire, 30 feet long. “I cannot find words to express my thanks to you for the happiness and en- joyment we now have at our home since I built the two-stage v.t. radio set from your blueprint,” Mr. Meisel writes. He is but one of more than 17,000 radio fans who have used Popular Science Monthly’s blueprint for constructing a receiving set. Turn to page 103 for details of how to obtain this blueprint from Popular Science Monthly. ber becomes too great, the operation of the tube will be seriously affected, It is therefore necessary to have some means whereby the resulting charge caused by the accumulation of electrong can leak off, and permit the tube to re. vert to its normal operating condition, The grid leak, which accomplishes this, will not interfere with the high fre. quency currents which are received by the aerial and transferred through the tuning apparatus to the vacuum tube, These currents find an easy path through the grid condenser. The latter algo permits the radio currents to reach the grid so that the valve action can come into operation. 10. Don’t Covet Your Neighbor's Set. If you own a vacuum tube detector with a simple tuning circuit attached to it, do not covet the regenerative set your friend owns. Remember that it is an extremely simple matter to trang- form your own set to a regenerative receiver, and increase the volume of the signals you receive. Bring into play the feed-back princi- ple invented by E. H. Armstrong 10 years ago by adding an ordinary tun- ing coil to the plate circuit of your vac- uum tube. The new tuning coil should be placed in an inductive relationship to your regular tuner. The best way to do this is to place the telephones on your head, and after connecting the new coil in the plate circuit, and tuning your receiver, to put the new coil near your ordinary tuner, and in line with it. Then, by increasing or decreasing the “skin effect.”” This means that it travels along the surface of the wire and not throughit. For this reason, therefore, it is best to offer as large a conducting surface as is practically possible. Smaller wire than No. 14 B. and S. gage copper should not be used for permanent con- nections in a set. with the makes a satisfactory aerial. conductivity of 9. Remember the Grid Leak and the Grid Condenser. The grid leak may be merely a pencil. copper and distance between the two coils, and per- haps by throwing the one a trifle out of alinement with the other, a point will be found-at which you hear signals with maxi- mum intensity. The second coil should be fastened to the table in this position. It is necessary, also, to try reversing the con- nections with the terminals on that coil. Miles Track-Laying Tractor Bucks Snowdrifts for Fifty Y SUCCESS- a FULLY bucking ' deep snowdrifts over a hidden trail for fifty miles in the foot- hills of the high Sier- ras, the track-laying tractor has qualified as a possible means of locomotion for polar expeditions. When a few sec- tions of the penstock of a hydroelectric pipe line burst at a point bicoraeenae rat Fale 0°. Bid * es * PS ee eee eam ES Ra 50 miles away from the railroads in eastern California, a con- tinuous tread tractor was called into service as the only possible means of transporting supplies, equipment, and workmen to the scene of the break. The tractor, with its crew of 14 men, hauled two specially constructed sleds equipped with four-inch runners. Food and water were carried ahead of the tractor train in.a commissary wagon drawn by a horse. Because of the constant need for Above: The con- tinuous tread trac- tor hauling heavily laden sleds over the snow. At right: Part\ of the crew squaring hillside snowdrifts for the tractor’s passage ” squaring drifts on hill- sides, the crew worked in shifts, part of them resting while the others shoveled. Only one mile an hour could be covered. In some places the drifts were so deep as to nearly cover the trees. The -entire round trip required 96 hours during which the trac- tor was in operation almost continually. Most of the time the temperature was be- low zero. With the placed tread that slipped off during a run around a side hill, the machine stood up well under the severe test and showed a sur- prising adaptability to arctic conditions. December Machi Tay Y MI) inv Louis, 4 and arm generat finest a by a fo stops tk The mounte and rac exception of a dis- .

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onthly of the ly im. efore, Ctrong ’, it ig Ctrong num. ration ected, Mes tee ee ae: Pr on a eae wy December, 19:22 Machine Speeds Winding of Tape on Motor Wheels B* MEANS of a cone clutch, a machine invented by P. E. Chapman, of St. Louis, Mo., for applying tape to the field and armature coils of electric motors and generators, responds instantaneously to the finest adjustment of speed as controlled by a foot treadle. An automatic brake stops the machine instantly. The motor and taping machine are mounted on a casing carrying a tool pan andrack within easy reach of the operator. 71 Novel Keyboard Transposes Piano Music TRANS- POSING keyboard for piano, and a con- trivance for the mechanical nota- tion of music have recently been invented by Dr. Moritz Stoehr, of Mount St. Vincent Col- lege, New York. The transposing device consists of a slidable key- board that is placed over the regular keyboard of the piano. When the two keyboards are both in the nor- motion of a key in the upper board is transmitted to the corresponding key of the fixed keyboard. By changing the position of the upper keyboard it is possible to play silently a composition on the upper board in the original key while the piano performs the music transposed to a different key. In the notating device, which forms an attachment to the removable sliding © Keystone mal position, the How transposing device is placed over the piano keyboard keyboard, the downward motion of a key causes a marker to press against a band of specially prepared paper moving over an inking roller. A small electric motor supplies the power to unwind the band of paper from one roll and wind it on another roll. The notations thus are printed as lines the length of which indi- cates the duration of each note. To replace a burned-out fuse in an emergency, use a stiff paper roll the size of the fuse, rolling several smooth layers of tinfoil around it Novel Tips for the Motorist Told in Photographs By Harold F. Blanchard When taking a spark plug apart to clean it thoroughly, hold plug steady with one wrench, and unscrew hex- agonal thimble with another An apparently trifling precaution is to walk entirely around your car, scrutinizing the whole exterior, before setting out on a trip. A warning from a passing mctorist should lead you to do the same. Perhaps you'll find only a headlight snapped open, but thus giving your car the “once over” may dis- close more serious trouble To avoid rapid enlargement, by moisture or sand, of any slight cut in a tire, fill it, as shown at left, with one of the compounds now in the market To detect underinflation, measure distances from center of hub to ground, and from center of hub to top of tire, as shown at right. A four-inch tire should not deflect more than four tenths of an inch

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Now Wasted through the Exhaust of Your Car Ingenious Testing Apparatus Reveals New Facts about Combustion By H. F. Blanchard OW much good fuel H is wasted in the exhaust gases from your car? You don’t know? Well, recent practical tests by Uncle Sam’s scientists prove that if you are an aver- age motorist, from 20 to 30 per cent of the gas that goes into your carburetor goes out unconsumed through your exhaust—wasted. These tests, made by the Bureau of Mines with an ingenious apparatus that I will describe later, indicate that about half of the 20 to 30 per cent waste of fuel will be saved by simple ad- justment of the carburetor (made scientifically accurate by new testing apparatus) and the other half by better vaporization through the use This illustration shows the principle on which Uncle Sam’s scien- tists have based their apparatus (below) for testing the amount of carbon dioxid in automobile exhaust gases of various “hot spot’? de. vices. Even greater Saving is possible by further refine. ment of carburetor design (yet to be achieved’ by man. ufacturers) and by using g thinner mixture. How radically important are these recent government discoveries to every ¢ar owner is shown by the fact that in one of them the ex. perts, simply by carburetor adjustment, increased the mileage of a borrowed Ford from 13.6 miles a gallon to 17 miles a gallon. Before explaining some of the devices and methods by which the average car owner can similarly achieve greater fuel economy, it will be in- teresting to describe the unique- apparatus used in government tests. In every test the fuel loss was determined while the Popular Science Monthly How You May Save 30 per Cent of the Gasoline Carbon Dioxid Test Will Help You Increase Your Mileage [ae simple apparatus, perfected by Uncle Sam’s engineers, enables the motor user or repairman to test the amount of carbon dioxid in the exhaust gas from a car and in this way to increase the mileage re- sults to be obtained from each gallon of gasoline. How Test Is Made The percentage of carbon dioxid is determined by drawing 100 parts of ex- haust gas into the testing apparatus. Then this gas is treated with a chemical that absorbs the carbon dioxid. The shrinkage in volume indicates the per- centage of carbon dioxid. For example, if the volume after treatment is 12 parts Jess, then there must have been 12 per cent carbon dioxid in the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas } CARB.N DIOXID is taken from a (A23.\ 00 point near the muf- READ HERE fler by a rubber tube. The gas flows up to the glass three- way.cock at the top of the apparatus. Just below the cock is a buret—a glass chamber that holds exactly 100 parts. The bottom of the buret extends wel! COCK ADMITS EXHAUST GASES TO BURET SPRAY NOZZLE TUBE FR nD OM EXHAUST PIPE res LOCOCO APPARATUS FOR ar MEASURING CO2. ~~ as \ - Aq How the government apparatus (shown in diagram) for measuring carbon dioxid is installed on a speeding test truck into the five per cent sulphuric acid solution in’ the lower bottle. id The top of the lower bottle is tight- i | ly closed with a rubber stopper buret. through which the buret extends. At one side of the stopper of this bottle is a glass filler tube provided with a glass stopper, and at the other is a rubber tube for blowing with the mouth. The | || similarly equipped bottle placed [;BLQWON THis midway is filled with a #1] // TUBE TO FORCE e oe CAUSTIC SODA 10 per cent solution of ") NOZZLE caustic soda. A glass tube r running almost to the bottom of this bottle is connected by rubber tubing with a small more. —— ; tube inside the buret. The rubber BLOW ON : 8 nail. : TAS RUBBER yee tube is provided with a pinchcock WITH SULPHURIC ACID and the glass tube inside the buret and blow a little caustic spray into the The volume of gas in the buret will shrink and the acid will rise from the bottle. After 10 seconds spray a little Repeat this cycle until the volume remains constant. acid has climbed up in the buret. The level of the acid indicates the percentage of carbon dioxid in the exhaust gases. To take the next reading, turn the cock so that all three pipes are connected, and blow on the lower bottle until the buret is full of acid. cock so that the exhaust gases are di- verted into the buret, and repeat. The acid bottle should have a piece of red litmus paper in it to indicate when the acid has lost its strength. maintained at 5 per cent. terminates at the top in a series of fine holes. Start the apparatus by swinging three-way cock around so that it connects all three passages. Blow on the rubber tube attached to lower bottle until the buret is filled with acid. Then swing the cock around so that the exhaust gases will be directed into the buret. Buret Holds Gas Alone When all liquid has been expelled’ from the _ buret, close the cock and wait 30 seconds to permit the gases to cool-and contract. Then admit enough additional gas to fill the buret, and close the cock. Next, open the pinchcock By this time the It should be Then turn the - Popular Science Monthly ” detec on tl glass tubir from man exha com) quer tain pere gase com gasc Dece

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wea e SS VP Se a ae a,

December, 1922 December, 1922 automobile was in motion. The ingenious detecting device, illustrated and described on this page, consists essentially of four glass bottles and some glass and rubber tubing mounted on a wooden rack hung from the windshield, and operated by a man who sits beside the driver. The percentage of carbon dioxid in the exhaust gases is a precise measure of the completeness of combustion, and conse- quently is proportional to the mileage ob- tained on every gallon of gasoline. A high percentage of carbon dioxid in the exhaust gases indicates that combustion has been complete—that nearly all the carbon in the gasoline has united with oxygen. When Gasoline Is Vaporized If all the gasoline is vaporized, the ex- haust gases will contain from 14 to 1414 per cent of carbon dioxid. But if the mixture is too rich, the percentage of carbon dioxid may be as low as 5 per cent. With the aid of the new apparatus, any automobile owner can adjust his carburetor until he obtains a maximum percentage of carbon dioxid in his exhaust gas. Still greater economy can be obtained, with a slight reduction in power, by thinning the mixture somewhat beyond this point. The repairman, likewise, can use the same method to advantage in compiling valuable data on various types of cars and carburetors. Thus, when he is asked to adjust a Ford similar to the one mentioned above, he will know by previous experience that when he obtains a percentage of 11.5 per cent carbon dioxid, he has secured the maximum fuel economy. It is very probable that, in the future, manufacturers will rely on the percentage of carbon dioxid in the exhaust gases as the real measure of economy. To say that a ~~, HOW A PIPE FROM DASH TO INTAKz SUD] CAN BE USED TO THIN MIXTURE Wy? ,__OR TO PRIME ENGINE IN COLD WEATHER

Above: An air pipe run- ning from the driver’s compartment to intake a manifold admits addi- tional air to the engine while car is in motion. At right: How a stove- pipe jacket for the ex- aust pipe can be used for heating air before it goes to carburetor car in tests has run 30 miles on a gallon of gasoline does not mean much unless we know the condition of the car or the skill of the driver. On the other hand, to say that a certain automobile will maintain a carbon dioxid percentage of 13.5 and still “take Eagle Rock Hill on high gear,” means much. General use of the new appara- tus should make the carbon dioxid per- centage the stand- ard basis for com- parison, just as air pressure now is the standard measure of tire deflation and GIVE HOT SPO

Remarkable Test Apparatus Records Performance of Car on the Road

nECOR SMRAREGISTERS IRCES ACTIN c rye CAR

EMARKABLE experimental appa- ratus perfected by the United States Bureau of Standards and adapted for use in any make or model of car that will carry four or more passengers, promises to produce valuable records of every phase of the car’s activities during actual road tests. There are three outstanding parts of the new test equipment —a flowmeter camera, a multiple recorder, and a double tubed venturi. The flowmeter camera, placed on the floor of the driver’s seat, will photograph the rate of flow of gasoline even when it

runs as slowly as two drops a second. The multiple recorder has recording pens that register on a special paper record: Relative air speed, car speed over the road, acceleration, deceleration, power output, rolling resistance, manifold de- pression, weight of air used by the engine, temperature of inlet and outlet waters, temperature of lubricants in the crank- case, transmission and differential, tem- perature of fuel and the outside air. The double tubed venturi, which mea- sures the speed of a car in relation to the air, is similar to the apparatus that is commonly used on airplanes

zr

« SIMPLE DEVICE FOR EATING AIR INTAKE ST, ; “< \ EXHAUST es SIMILAR PIPING \. "ARBU ¢/ CARBURETOR

\ \ AIR T , ~- N EXHAUST GASES from 7.4 to was thus improved 23.5 per cent by the use of the testing apparatus. HOW EXHAUST AND INTAKE MANIFOLDS ARE COMBINED Ly MANY CARS TO - EXHAUST MANIFOLD CARBURETOR“ | HIT-HOT SPOT AND ARE " VAPORIZED To obtain better vaporization and in- crease the power of your car, the hot- spot method shown in these diagrams and explained in the accompanying

specific gravity is the yard- stick by which storage bat- MANIFOLD tery strength is determined. In the case of the Ford STOVE OR. mentioned previously, by gradually reducing the amount of fuel supplied by the carburetor, the experi- menters increased the mile- age to 17, and the per- centage of carbon dioxid 11.5. The fuel economy The mileage for an eight-cylinder ma- chine was increased 35 per cent, from 6.6 HOW YOU CAN MAKE A miles a gallon to 8.9 miles a gallon, the car- bon dioxid percentages being respectively 8.9 and 12.3 per cent. Most motorists take it for granted that their cars are well equipped in the matter of eliminating incomplete vaporization, which causes nearly half of the fuel waste detected by the government experiments. As a matter of fact, a large majority of pre-1922 cars are inadequately equipped, in this respect, and even some of the 1922 cars are by no means perfect. To illustrate the importance of good vaporization, a certain 1921 engine with six cylinders 3% by 5 inches developed 36 horsepower. This year the same en- gine, slightly al- EXPLAINING OPERATION OF ‘ryrical HoT tered, produces 45 mais pipe Taps [ ) SPOT SP Nour CAR horsepower. Prac- HOT SPOT FOR YOUR CAR

bs SIDE VIEW OF (BROKEN AWAY ) CARBURETOR ( DOOR OF BOX REMOVED ) FUEL PARTICLES A THIS FLANGE BOLTED BOX TO CARBURETOR EXHAUST GASES PASS BACK TO EXHAUST PIPE AND MUFFLER. article, is declared by Mr. Blanchard to preferable for warming air before it reaches the carburetor. gram shows how to make a hot spot

tically the only change was the addition of a hot spot manifold, which induces modern gas- oline to vaporize completely. In other words, the 1921 engine, before this simple change was made, was wasting MIXTURE COMPLETELY VAPORIZED * THIS FLANGE BOLTED TO CYLINDER BLOCK Central dia-

SESE RS Sera RE RENE CRG SLT TSS ern: -

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74 20 per cent of the fuel that passed through it. Similarly, on a well known four-cylin- der car, it has been proved that a 50 per cent increase in power can be obtained with a new manifold designed to heat the charge properly. What “Hot Spot” Manifold Is A hot spot manifold, it should be ex- plained, has a hot spot somewhere in its interior. Usually this spot is located at a sharp turn so that the liquid particles are sure to come in contact with it and be vaporized while the remainder of the charge passes on without being unduly heated. It is desirable not to warm the charge more than is necessary because warm air weighs less than cold air and the hotter the-air that enters the cylinders, the smaller its weight and therefore the less is the power. It is for this reason that a hot spot is preferable to any heating device that warms the air be- fore it reaches the carburetor. If additional heat is desired and a hot spot is not available, a neat tin box may be built around the carburetor. The exact size and form of this box depends on the engine construction. The heat from the manifold inclosed by the box keeps the carburetor at a high temperature, greatly increases fuel economy and increases the power, unless it supplies too much heat. There should be a door at the front of the box in order to permit of easy carbure- tor adjustment. A simple device for heating the air before it goes to the carburetor is a jacket for the exhaust pipe. A pipe runs from the car- buretor intake to a header located just beneath the exhaust mani- fold. The jacket runs from Popular Science Monthly

Garage Doors Open html

HEN the front wheel of a car rolls over a contact plate embedded in the driveway, the remarkably simple electrical control shown here opens the garage doors automatically. This new apparatus differs from other electrical door controls in the fact that reciprecating

SWITCH TO START MOTOR motion of the doors is produced by positive lever action. The doors are operated by a crank driven by a small motor through worm reduction § gears. When the front wheels of the car depress the plate, the motor is started and the door opens. Depres- sion of the doorsill closes the doors.

operator’s compartment. The shaft may be eliminated by placing the cock in the driver’s compartment and running a pipe from there to the engine. It is advisable to use a half-inch pipe. The cock should be opened as wide as possible when engine is not pulling too hard and closed when accelerating or climbing a hill. If physical conditions prevent installa- tion of an aircock or valve, and if the car- buretor has a spring controlled air valve, a device controlled by the driver may be installed for opening the valve a little wider than the engine speed calls for, thereby admitting more air. A piv- oted arm may be installed

this header and encircles the exhaust pipe from this point to, or close to, the muffler. The jacket may be made of stove piping, which can be obtained from a tinsmith or

to act on the valve, or a shaft and eccentric may be employed to depress the air valve, being rotated by a shaft running to the driver. it may be constructed of flexible tubing. The jacket should be wired securely to the exhaust pipe so that it will not rattle. It is advisable to provide a cold air valve in the header, which is adjust- able from the driver’s seat, so that the amount of heat may be varied to suit the weather. An Additional Saving In addition to the 20 to 30 per cent saving that may be effected by correct carburetor adjustment and proper va- porization of the charge, still more fuel may be saved by thinning the mixture when loads are light. A much leaner mixture than that re- quired for the engine to accelerate quickly and pull uphill at a good rate may be employed along the level and downhill, and any device that permits the operator to add air while the car is in motion accomplishes the purpose. The method that is available on one car, however, may not do for another. If the car is equipped with an external intake manifold, a large air cock may be tapped into the manifold and the cock opened or closed by a shaft running to the

HIS chart, if saved for reference, will help you to locate various engine troubles: Coasting Saves Fuel SOUND Pistol shot........ TROUBLE Muffler explosion due to missing spark plug; closing switch while car is running engine, as in coasting. Muffler cutout leaks; muffler loose or broken, exhaust manifold loose, or gas- kets defective or missing. With most cars, the driver, himself, may obtain a five per cent increase in fuel economy by using the hand instead of the foot throttles, because the hand throttle may be held more steadily. Much fuel may be saved by coasting. Bus .drivers of the Fifth Avenue Coach Co., New York City, obtain a fuel mile- age almost as great as that of many large touring cars, despite the fact that their route is along the most con- gested street| in the world, simply by their skill in the art of coasting down every grade, be it ever so slight. About 20 per cent of every trip is spent in coasting. Any motorist can accomplish marvelous results Loud exhaust..... Backfire.......... | Explosion in carburetor caused by cold engine, spark very late, too lean mixture, dirt or water in gasoline, intake valve sticking or warped, adjustment too tight, or spring broken. Regular hiss......_ Compression cock open, valve guide badly worn, leakage past piston, leaky intake manifold, loose cylinder head, broken spark plug porcelain. Spark advanced too far, too high com- pression, weak mixture, or failure of valve to work on one cylinder. Loose connecting rod or main bearing. Sharp metallic harmmering....... Knock, especially when engine is ing decelerated.. .. Terrific knock..... _ Main or connecting rod bearings melted in economy by following the out, probably because of lack of oil. nome methods. 4 Further running may cause connecting The highest fuel economy rod to break through crankcase. also demands careful atten- Clicking .......... Carbon on valve seat, valve clearance tion to the following items: Keep all parts in adjust- ment. Grind valves and remove carbon promptly. Change engine oil at least every 1000 miles and use the best of oil. Use cord tires only and keep them pumped hard. Don’t let the brakes drag, too great, loose pump coupling, fan blades touch radiator. Gears worn or chain needs adjusting. Noise in timing mechanism....... x. A chorus of clicks Valves out of adjustment, valves loose in guides, pushrods loose in guides, pis- tons loose, bearings a little too loose, rocker arms worn, loose wristpins.

Decembe ————— —————— Rem<

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December, 1922 Touring Car Transformed into Truck in Three Minutes Useful New Inventions for Automobile Owners Removing rear seat

These three pictures show how two boys, in three minutes, can transform a touring car, equipped with an ingeni- ous new convertible body, into a truck Resting front of car on a crossbar attached to a powerful supporting leaf spring by pivoted con- necting piece, achieves three-point suspension and shock absorption FROM EXHAUST MANIFOLD =— Removing front seat The rear seat and sides having been removed, the front seat is lifted from its socket, clearing the chassis for the final transformation

Adjustable electric lighting fixtures including a movable stand with a powerful protected lamp that can be set at any angle and in any desired position and that is also provided with a plug for the attachment of wire connection for operating drills or other electrically driven tools, are the latest addition to garage equipment Fitting truck body

Placing the truck platform on the base of the two seats that have been removed and fastening it down securely com- plete the operation A new foclproof and un- pickable combination lock for automobiles, with one operation, locks steering post and ignition and has an alarm attachment In this new pre-heater, the gasoline that has not been vaporized by the carburetor is turned into vapor by heat Practical and inexpensive is a new siphon pump, useful for drawing gaso- from the exhaust manifold line from the tank for filling the squirt- can or the campstove aN This reserve tank for Fords holds NAA enough gasoline for 10 miles and is useful if the main supply is exhausted on the way or when the car misses in going uphill

Day and night signaling are possible with this device, which combines the regulation tail light and floodlight with a semaphore Pressing a button on the dashboard causes this lazy-tong crossbar device to imprison and automatically lock the license plate

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circa eile a each = IS . ——e a ASPIRIN yt GOCE Ete 8 © EEL TREO Le a meena FRNA RS hl, 23s Pee SRE IEE EY Built-In Gas Tank romano every owner of a car has looked with en- vious eyes at various kinds of gasoline storage tanks and wished he had the ad- vantages they provide in theway of lessen- ing fire risk, making possible the purchase of gasoline in quantity at lower cost, and furnishing a convenient method of filling the car while in the garage. Very little new pose. can be told about these tanks or the method of installing them, but it is pos- 2 pipe: sible to provide one for less expense than would be imagined. Any car owner can put in a tank at a cost of only a few dollars for material if he will give his own time in making the installation. The materials re- quired are a 55-gal. oil tank, obtainable at a cost of about $2; about 5 ft. of 2-in. wrought iron pipe; approximately 8 ft. of 34-in. wrought iron pipe; one 34-in. pipe nipple; one 2-in. pipe cap; one 34-in. globe valve; two 34-in. pipe elbows; 4 ft. of flexible metal tubing, or fabric tubing, lin. inside diameter; and one air valve, such as is used with an inner tube. LEATHER WASHER DETAIL OF HANDLE By G. A. Luers GASOLINE Pressure from air pump is used for raising gasoline from this oo od made underground storage tan Improves Garage A threading die for the 34-in. pipe to cut thestandard 14 threads an inch and a die to cut the 2-in. pipe with 1114 standard threads are used in making the connections. After fitting the pipe as shown and cementing the threads with pipe dope or shellac, install the tank 3 ft. under- ground at the left — side of the entrance ae of the garage, if your car has a rear tank. For a car with a cap cowl tank, a loca- PIPE. tion about 6 ft. from the opposite end of the garage is more desirable. The operation of the tank is by means of air, and merely involves the connecting of the air pump with the valve and the open- ing of the outlet valve. A fixed type of pump, with short barrel and lever, can be used to advan- tage not only as a gasoline pump, but also as a serviceable tire pump. Even if a new pump is purchased, the cost for materials should not be more than $10. This device makes it asimple matter to pump gasoline into the auto tank while cleaning or tuning up the car. AIR VALVE FILLING Pin for Fan Pulley on Ford Car Is Self-Locking ‘Ts fan pulley pin has a habit of coming out occasionally on Ford cars. Usually the driver hears a peculiar noise and when he stops to locate the cause finds the pin bent beyond repair so that he cannot crank his engine, as there is nothing for the crank to catch upon. Then he must either call for help or start the car by pushing it, or by putting it in high gear and turning a rear whee!. When he gets to a garage he is charged five cents for a new pin and BIN 5RLITON ONE perhaps $1.50 for putting it in place. The large charge is caused by the fact that the radiator must be removed so the new pin can belocked by means of a cotter pin. All this trouble can be prevented by any driver who will make and carry a pin of the special design illustrated. A piece of 3%-in. steel rod should be cut the same length as the standard pin and a slot should be sawed in one end about 3/82 in. from one side to a depth of about }/ in. Then the end of the smaller piece between the slots should be cut off so that when the pin is in the pulley the piece can be sprung away from the pin. If this piece is sprung out, it will lock the pin as soon as it is placed in the pulley, and the engine is ready to be started. Of dozens of pins in use, not one that was properly fitted came out.—S. E. G. ide AND HOWN A speedy repair Homemade Radiator Curtain Helps Winter Motorist O OVERCOME some of the difficulties of winter driving, especially on trucks, it is well to protect the radiator with a cur- tain that can be raised or lowered at will from the dashboard. A homemade but YHOLE SLOT F CURTAIN OF N& 10 DUCK : _ / COPPER TUBE “ag CABLE SOLDERED IN ) | . Bisoauk = { INSTRUMENT BOARD i somone { SPRING CURTAIN-ROLLER HOLDS CURTAIN TAUT ———- = When not required, curtain rolls up on spring roller under radiator x am 4 g 7 — ’ thoroughly practical method of doing this is illustrated. The spring roller is set in under the radi- ator so that the curtain will not flap. To close the curtain, the cord is pulled up and fastened by means of the method shown or by a holdfast clamp. The curtain should be of heavy duck with three coats of linseed oil and one of color.—P. P. A. Removing Round-Head Bolts I" IS a problem to hold round-head spring bolts stationary while the nuts are being removed. This difficulty may be easily solved, however, by wedging a file between the boltheads. It is then a simple matter to remove the nuts.—H. B. HE fact that motor cars run better on damp nights has led to the invention of a number of attachments for supplying damp air or steam to the motor at all times. Any one who wishes to try out the idea, can easily make a device that will do the work satisfactorily. The first question is how to get the moist air or steam into the intake mani- fold. If own car is TUBING WRAPPED. J equipped with a vac- uum gasoline system, he wt it is necessary only to cut the vacuum line that runs from thetop of the tank under the hood to the manifold and insert a solderless tee connection. If your car does not have the vacuum tank, it will be neces- sary to drill a hole in the manifold and either tap and screw, or solder, a flexible metal tube into this. The next step is to lead the metal tubing by the shortest route to the exhaust mani- fold and wrap it around the exhaust pipe two or three times, or bend it into a flat zig-zag coil and wire it firmly against the manifold. The tubing is then connected with a small water tank under the hood, or elsewhere, below the level of the mani- fold, if possible, so that water will only flow while the motor isrunning. A valve to regulate the flow of water should be How to Supply Moist Air for Auto By G. W. Greene provided, and this may be mounted on‘the dash, al- though once properly adjusted, the device needs little attention. A gallon oilcan with the tube entering at the bottom makes a good water tank. To adjust the device, fill the tank, close the valve, and start the motor. Run it until it has had time to heat up thor- oughly and then care- , fully open the water ’ valve a little. Do not open this too bc) Quickly, but give the water time to fill the tube between the tank and the exhaust mani- fold. When the tube Coil of tubing around or near the exhaust pipe supplies steam for the intake manifold is filled, the water will begin to come in con- tact with the heated parts of the tube and turn into steam. This will be drawn into the motor. By adjusting the valve it is fairly easy to determine how much water can be allowed to vaporize without decreasing the ‘power of the motor. The speed variations of the motor will partially be compensated for by the stronger suction exerted at higher speeds. The operation of the vacuum tank will | not be affected by this device, if properly adjusted, since only a small amount of steam is drawn into the manifold and a considerable suction is exerted by the motor. Popular Science Monthly "

Page 57

December, 1922 re ce , Hl % ; 7 he Lome Workshop New and Useful Things to Make with Tools Novel Toys to Make for the Kiddies’ Christmas How You Can Build Electric Train, “Broncho,”’ or Doll’s House children at Christmas time than the three illustrated on this page—the electric train, with tracks; the ‘‘kiddie broncho,” and the doll’s house. Yet, much as children long for them, really satisfactory toys of this kind are often rather expensive in the toyshops. Using the drawings and instructions herewith, however, you your- self can make them for the children at less cost than the price of one electric train and track if purchased at the store. The train and ‘‘kiddie broncho”’ are real novel- ties of the season, while the doll’s house is of a much better design than are many of the manufactured ones. Fre: toys make a greater hit withthe Wooden blocks are placed at bothends of the platform to simulate the appearance of a real electric locomotive. The fenders are cut from tin or sheet brass. The wheels are of three-ply stock, made by gluing three pieces of cigar-box wood together. They are 114 in. in diameter, with a flange 1% in. in diameter, made by allowing one thickness of wood to project 3/16 in. all around. The truck frames are of \4-in. wood fastened beneath the platform. In the center: of one of the axles, which are of 15-gage wire, is a grooved pulley 14 in. in diameter, made from two-ply cigar- box wood. Directly above this pulley, Mechanical Toys Are Popular There is something about a mechan- ical toy that is perpetually fascinating, especially if, like this electric train, it is a sturdy, realistic copy of the real thing. Not only can it be built inexpensively, but also it has the advantage of offering unlimited possibilities for expansion. With a little patience, any boy can add enough track and switches to fill a large playroom. Stations, signals, a freight yard, a control system, and all sorts of similar accessories may be developed. The engine derives its power from a small toy motor screwed fast in the center of a piece of wood—}4 by 3% by 11 in.—which forms the main foundation frame. Over the motor fits a cab, the sides of which are two pieces of wood or 3/16 by 3% by 4% in., and the ends, cut from the same stock, 3 in. high and 314 in. long. The tops of the ends are slight adjustments in the belt tension. Two brushes of spring brass are fastened to blocks beneath the cab in such a way that one presses against one rail and one against the other rail. These form a sliding contact with the rail, to which are attached at some convenient point the dry cells used for supplying the power. The rails are strips of 20-gage iron or brass % in. wide, set in slots in the ties, whjch are 4% by 4% by 4in. The rails are 24 in. apart. Construction of the Cars The other cars are boxes of thin ma- terial mounted on platforms 4 by 3% by 12in. The wheels are made from the ends of large spools with the holes plugged. They are mounted on truck blocks 4% by % by 2 in., beveled off a trifle at the upper corners. These blocks are pivoted to the floor of the car, and to them in turn are pivoted strips of 26- gage iron or brass 4 by 2% in. These CABOOSE en J TT] = zal | ———— , LOCOMOTIVE Make Pullmans of long box cars with painted windows and day coaches like the caboose but without the tower curved, so that a round roof of metal or thin wood may be attached. The cab has no floor, and the sides, which fit over the platform, are fastened to it by means of two screws on each side. Removing these screws permits the whole cab to be lifted off when it is necessary to tighten the belts or oil. the motor. The doll’s house has five completely furnished rooms inside the cab, is a pulley 5% in. in diameter, mounted on a similar shaft. A section of a spool, the hole in which is first plugged and then redrilled, will serve for this smaller pulley. The shaft is mounted in simple sheet metal bearings and at strips have holes to form the bearings for the wheel axles. The platforms of the box cars, gondola, and caboose are all the same in size, but the box car bodies are 344 in. high, the gondola 2 in. high, and the caboose, 4 in. over all. Express cars are made like the box car, and so are Pullmans and other vestibule - cars, although it is “6s oo its end, just outside one of these bearings, is another 1 4-in. pul- ley directly driven by a belt from a %-in. pulley on the motor. A study of the work- ing drawing will make this arrangement clear. Heavily braid- ed fishline is used for the belts, and the holes in the bearing brackets are made oversize to allow for { | | | | | SIDE VIEW Details of the “kiddie broncho”’ 8 well to make them i i somewhat longer oss —14 or 15 in. ~~ = Day coaches or ordinary passen- ger cars are similar to the caboose, without the little tower on top. All the cars should be painted as realis- tically as possible and a name should be (Continued on page 103) TE +s—i0 ——+j FRONT VIEW CLINE SIP LIC POOL IS a

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Bs ee OT iach ge ba Leet Peer Sow peg Radio Storage Battery Recharger Is Easily Built not difficult to build. It will charge a 6-volt battery at an 8-ampere rate for about five cents—a charging capacity even greater than that of the “six-sixty” size commonly used in radio work and in experiments. The transformer in the set can, however, be so varied as to give any desired voltage and amperage. The panel is composition, 8 by 9 by 1% in. The transformer may be purchased and made over for the purpose, but it is better to construct the instrument yourself. Ina closed core transformer the windings may be computed from the equation E=4.44F£N10— E 444F £10 where E is the voltage for that particular winding, F the flux per sq. in. of core— which may here be put at 60,000—f the frequency, here 60, N the number of turns required per sq. in. cross section of core, and 10-* is 1/100,000,000, giving 6.25 X E — T= recharging panel is efficient and

or N= where A is the cross sectional area of the core in square inches. In other words, to find the number of turns needed in any winding, divide the voltage of the winding by the area of the cross section of the core and then multiply by 6.25; that is, the number of turns By Valentine G. Lehmann needed for 60-cycle current and a flux density of 60,000 lines per sq. in. is 64%

7AMMETEP VACUUM TUBE re) 00 © 00 0.0 rs) swe oe se ee PANEL | 8 A Cc oc. ac tp

WIRING DIAGRAM Front and end views of the panel, with wirin diagram showing how the parts are connect times the required voltage divided by the area of the core. For example, if the core is 1 by 1 in., and the voltage 9, then 6.25 x 9 2 og aan which gives approximately 56 turns. In such a transformer, small and of low power,

Popular Science Monthly it is not necessary to be exact, so long as the ratio between turns on primary and secondary is always the same as the ratio of their required voltages. Any core area can easily be substituted in the formula men- tioned above— 6.25 xX E , a The size wire depends only upon the cur- rent carried. The current carried by A is about 34 ampere, B carries 1, and C car- ries 8. The transformer is rated at 80 watts. The core of this transformer should form a hollow rectangle, about 3 by 4 in. inside measurement. The primary, A, should be wound with No. 18 copper wire. B can be wound with No. 16 or 18, but C should not ke wound with wire smaller than No. 14, or the comparatively heavy current is liable to cause heating. For the rectifier, an ordinary vacuum tube, such as is used in radio, may be used, but it is better to utilize a rectifying bulb sold for the purpose. It can be purchased reasonably. The rheostat does not have to be of any special make, but it should be of the back mounting type. Directly above it is the ammeter, which registers the amount of the charging current. Beside the ammeter are openings through which the rectifying bulb may be seen. In the lower right hand corner is the main switch for turning on the current. A pushbutton, or turned switch may be used instead of a knife switch. Electric Scrubber Saves Labor in Cleaning oe doubt, scrubbing floors is one of the hardest and most distaste- ful of the housewife’s duties. To scrub a floor clean means back-breaking labor. It can be avoided by using this electric floor scrubber, which, with the exception of the motor, can be made almost entirely of in- expensive odds and ends. The device is particularly useful for scrubbing large floors and corridors, especially if they are tile or linoleum covered. The machine has a wooden base mounted on wheels, a tank for water, and an electric motor. By means of gears and a crank, the motor reciprocates the brush and imparts 10 Speedometer Gear ¥ Greviar Plate fIquere a

Bush Holder

By Edwin G. Gettins the scrubbing action. To the rear end is fastened a handle similar to a lawnmower’s. On this handle is a switch and a flexible wire that runs to, and controls, the spring valve under the tank. The apparatus is pulled along the floor in the same manner as a vacuum cleaner. The frame is made of % or 1\% by 4 in. ash or other hard wood. It is 8% in. wide at the front and branches out to 13 in. wide, 1 ft. 5 in. from the front. At this point a %-in. plate is bolted on both sides of the ash member by means of bolts pass- Lawn Mower Whee!

Le FLAN Tak > if AP Motor 9 < ie ing Val Paver 1 = ip Heil Fierro, net Sa ee: Guides sa S| Zee pone \ + TM 4 Sieeh : , £10f Flat Stee! fevund Ecevaren Ar Bevan Sipe Exevarion éno Assemblage of parts is shown in the top, side and end views above, and the con- struction of the brush holder is made clear in the perspective sketch. Size can be approximated by comparison with scale

Thoroughly scours wood, cement, tile, and linoleum floors A)

ing through the entire thickness. At the rear, a pair of lawnmower wheels mounted on an axle to fit, is secured by means of ¥4-in. steel plates, bolted to the frame so as to hold the bottom 5 in. from the floor. The front wheels are taken from an old roller skate and are held in position by a piece of steel 14 by 3 in., bolted to the frame, and a }y-in. steel clip bolted in turn to the larger plate. Both the wheels are tired with a strip of rubber cut from a heavy inner tube and cemented in place. The \% by 8 in. piece of steel loops over the top of the frame and forms a sunport for the tank, holding it 114in. above the frame. Another tank support, 4 by 3 in., is placed 1 ft. from the rear. Beside this is another 14 by 2 in. steel plate, through the center of which is drilled a hole to accommodate the upper - end of the crankshaft, and directly under- neath is another plate of the same size, drilled to secure the lower end of the crank- shaft. At the rear of the frame is fastened a piece of oak, 11 in. wide, 18 in. long, and % in. thick. It is secured by means of straps (Continued on page 129)

Page 59

December, 1922 Just pour in the - Philco Electrolyte —and these remarkable new Philco Drynamic Radio “‘A” and ‘“‘B”’ Batteries = are ready for use. No waiting for any initial charging. No paying for battery life and current lost before you get them. Philco Drynamic Radio Batteries are charged DRY at the factory— a revolutionary advance in battery engineering. That means their life doesn’t start until the Philco electrolyte is added. What’s equally important—Philco Radio Batteries absolutely free radio reception from “frying”, cracking noises in the head phones, and the need of constant “‘tuning in’’. These wonderful new Philco Drynamic Radio Batteries give you the convenience of a dry-cell battery with all the advantages—the absolute dependability and long life—of a Philco Storage Battery, standard for automobiles, mine locomotives and other heavy-duty services. Equip your radio with Philco Radio “A” and “B” Batteries NOW. You’ll be aston- ‘ished how much better results—at the increased pleasure and satisfaction—you get from your radio set. Ask your dealer for them or go to the nearest Philadelphia Diamond-Grid Battery Service Station. RADIO DEALERS—Philco Drynamic Batteries let you into the battery business on a package goods basis. No acid sloppage. No charging as eoeul equipment. No batteries going bad in stock. Wire or write for details. a Philadelphia Storage Battery Company, Philadelphia 4 7 : : 7 Makers of the famous Philco Slotted-Retainer Batteries—standard for automobiles, electric yy Rg Passenger cars and trucks, mine locomotives and other high-power, heavy-duty battery services. t.) 4 g wr seh © RR ep fa. Oo ~~ > we , - —, = ' BATTERIES (“ jy557" Nay FeNPC nieve eration aaa Ea SA ORE I A TN TT ON RENE 5 AD a

Page 60

Popular Science Monthly “ Boy! this is wonderful. No hissing, no screeching — and the weather doesn’t seem any TOO good today.” “Well, Bill, most of the noises in your set are battery noises—not static orinterference.” “How do you DO it, John? It can’t be all in the tuning.” “It isn’t in the tuning at all. It’s Radiobats “A” and “B”, Try ‘em and HEAR”! The strong, non- Bebke sae ata Pee ETS LES EBM EC 1S The plate with the least exposed metal area. The secret of rugged strength is in the exclusive Radiobat Grid

Page 61

ae ae ee December, 1922 ¢¢ “e i ’ ow do you buy your vadio batteries ? O YOU SAY to a jeweler, “I want a watch!”—or do you ask for a specific watch which does well what watches must do well? And so with batteries for radio. Most of the noises attributed to static and other causes are battery noises. They are caused by irregular current discharge—“fluctuating” voltage. Have you ever noticed how electric lights flicker in some localities— enough to make reading impossible? Just so, ordinary batteries send out fluc- tuating currents, which make hearing flicker! Radiobats “A” and “B” give absolutely steady voltage. They eliminate “interfer- ence” because they never produce it. They virtually cut out “static” because they don’t produce sounds IJike static. George Gaynor Hyde, one of the fore- most consulting engineers in Radio re- ports, “..... total absence of any noises such as are common to the usual type of “B” batteries. In fact when the anten- na wire was removed from the set, it was almost impossible to tell whether the remaining apparatus was working or not.” With Radiobats “A” and “B” one adjust- ment lasts all evening; screeches and screams become splendid harmony; hisses become the most enjoyable music; grating, rasping gasps become clear, mel- odious human voices. Leakproof and Economical Radiobats “A” and “B” cannot leak. They contain no liquid. They have the only solid electrolyte—which makes them far safer and cleaner than any other batteries. And they are economical. For Radiobats “B” are also, in reality, small storage bat- teries which can easily be recharged at home overnight. On each charge they have the capacity of ten radio dry cells. They need never be replaced. They cannot get out of or- der. And their general design and con- struction provide the faultless current production which gives this remarkable radio reception. Until you have heard a set with Radio- bats “A” and “B” hooked in, you have never heard real radio, no matter how deeply you have progressed into this marvellous science. Send for our intensely instructive book- let—free—and send us the name and ad- dress of your dealer, so that he may give you the finest radio demonstration you have ever heard. Send for it now. Multiple Storage Battery Corporation 350 Madison Avenue, New York IOBATS ~The Permanent Radio Power- UNIT menepemtenrtinte-spemirenatinein apne nica inate prereenr eoneenener esc TN

Page 62

RPS TS She SKA By Lawrence B. Robbins HURCHES, lodges, small C town societies, and similar organizations are often sadly unprepared when it comes to stag- ing a Christmas entertainment or an amateur play. This lack can be over- come by building a small portable stage for erection on the floor or a platform. The construction and dimensions How to Build a Portable Stage Frame Folds Compactly, and Wallboard Wings, Back Drop, and Front Panels Are Light and Easy to Handle Bos DE Me

2°x2" HOLE

S DETAIL OF IRON STRAP 7D AT EACH END OF CS BOLTS cate DETAIL OF JOINT

DETAIL OF a IRON SSS s JOINT Rt

Popular Science Monthly

. 215-0" a Eon back drop. Their upper edges fit : en Y in a narrow groove along the top of }+——_33-———+}, 2 SO SS : Y ax?" — a oO Ol, Ree wT I | G, and rest on the floor against C. i =. “0 cao SECTION on ease pe A batten can be used across the back END OF A* g FASTENING OF TIMBERS oe |, to prevent buckling, if necessary. | TOP § BACK PIECE a IN one 2x2" 8- TWO REAR UPRIGHTS I a = a HOOK ON EACH END OF TOP FRONT PIECE “H* _— |+— 8-10" a 2x13" SSS ff 88s Su = each of these is nailed at right angles another board, 15 in. wide, or 2 boards cleated together, in such a way that there is a 6-in. lap on one

8'-0* TWO FRONT UPRIGHTS; E Two TOP SIDE Pieces

ONE TOP FRONT PIECE HINGED IN CENTER, ———— = — “S_THREADED STUD ROUND IRON ROD

ROD wo STAPLES OVER HINGED | JOINT ON TOP FRONT PIECE FIG2 How the base frame is put together and method used or joining the various parts terior decorator will be glad to show the amateur scene painter how to handle these colors, which are as easy to manage as the opaque poster colors used in schools. A set of back scenes and wings will be about all that is required in Ey - the way of scenery. The 7 : One set of 4 wings should be painted to represent trees and outdoor scenery and another set should be made for interiors. By utilizing both sides, two sets of wings can be made to serve for four different scenes. Six more 8-ft. wallboard panels are required for the wings are 8 ft. in length, arranged as shown in Fig. 5. DETAIL OF f\ PINTLE

_ PINTLEY

BACK VIEW OF WING Wallboard i am 9 ROD BRACEZ 2x3" —7°5* -. STRAP TO WHIGH FRONT I tacts A PIECE HOOKS REAR BOLT PIN t REAR on ROnT UPRIGHT UPRIGH™

HITS FLOOR SHOWING HOW IT IS HUNG TO SIDE PIECES BAND F side and a 9-in. lap on the other. Make a tin reflector curving down | from the vertical to the horizontal board of each set and mount 4 electric light sockets at equal dis- tances along each. Be sure the wiring is carefully done in the standard manner. The footlights are placed on the timber A. Other lights and fixtures can be supplied as required. The curtain, Fig. 5, which can be made of any opaque goods, is in two parts, each 8 ft. 6 in. by 19 ft. The goods should be sewn vertically and provided with heavy hems at the top and bottom. Sew curtain (Continued on page 123) H iN STUD TIN

= slot > — — " = \B cs =\F5=3 1 \a TOR BACK Beet bene BOARD = et 10N 4 nECE F RESTS ON FRON BACK SCENE DETAIL OF FOOTLIGHTS ‘BOTTOM PIECE

re- quired are a small doll, 5 cents; a 4 by 5 in. com- position photo developing tray, 15 cents; 100 ft. No. 24 single or double green cotton-covered wire, 10 cents; 17 round head brass paper fasteners, 5 cents; one switch, 10 cents; 4 binding posts, 10 cents; a telephone condenser, 10 cents; a piece of galena, 10 cents. The wire is wrapped around the doll to form a dress, taps being taken off about every five turns. These taps are led down through a hole inthe tray and soldered in regular order to the prongs of the paper fasteners that serve as switch points. By John A. Mahon Complete 5 doll radio 3 set hooked

up CATWHISKER SLOT IN TRAY CRYSTAL IN TIN BUCKET, NO. 24 SCC. OR D.CC. SWITCH POINTS AERIAL BIND- ING POST BINDING POST TAPS RUN THROUGH ROUND —»& The tuning coil is wound around the doll and taps are carried to the switch points These fasteners are arranged in a semicircle, as-shown, and clinched on the under side. When the doll is glued to the tray, this cable of wires supports it quite rigidly. Two binding posts are attached to one end of the tray, for the aerial and ground wires, and two others are placed inside the tray at the front, for the telephone connections, The neces- sary holes can be made with a nail that has been heated but is not red hot; it should be pushed gently through the tray with a pliers. The slots for the switch points are made in the same way by heating a fastener. To connect the set, run a wire from the aerial binding post to the switch arm and also to the cat- whisker, which is simply a piece of + the No. 24 wire fastened to the arm \ of the doll. It should be long enough . to reach the crystal holder and the (Continued on page 117)

Page 63

December, 1922

Brings This 6-Piece Library Set

iA = f= EE}

Room Full of Furniture With Solid Comfort Morris Rocker Only $1.00 with the coupon brings you this positively sensational furniture bargain—on 30 days trial. Six splendid pieces of furniture—fumed solid oak—including a wonderfully luxurious and comfortable reclining Morris rocker with disappearing foot-rest and adjustable back—at a slashed price that is positively sensational when you consider the value, the usefulness, and the supreme comfort of this set. A few months ago a set like this would have cost you$45.00. But now, on a special factory sacrifice, we can slash the price on this

¢ 1 ted complete set to only $33.80—and on easy payments of only $3.00 a month! Get this special price, special terms, i hrousiout. figished ia rich, all waxed, brown fumed and special comfort. Seize this opportunity on our eoechel offer—we take all the risk. Don’t delay. ; ° our pieces are > .sea' up! tere H with brown Delavan ish leather, the best i foc 30 Days Trial—Only *3°c a Month! | | a unonis ohoy oe my — grins fonts a a on ee i . ell as » tional advantage of a rocker. The back is adjustable : P : P pay" — P P to 3 positions, Foot rest can be extended or hidden | When you get this magnificent 6-piece library set, put it in your living room or library and use it freely for 30 entirely under seat, Beat measures 20 x20 inches, days. Note the massive, solid construction, the beautiful fumed oak finish — the fine upholstery and grace- s. Arms 4 inches wide, fullines. Enjoy the solid comfort and rest of the Morris rocker. Compare it with anything you can buy om ier fo .9 teens, Gentes plow of te. locally rat anywhere near the same price — even for spot cash. Then if not satisfied for any reason,

= Foie set at our expense _and we will refund your $1.00 at once, plus any freight charges you paid. If you decide to k | pana ag OF <1 eight 86 gg the set, start paying only $3.00 a month until you have paid $33.80 payments 80 low and so convenient that you : Arm Rocker is a massive, stately, comfortable Scarcely feel them. full year to pay—at the rate of orly a few cents aday, This wonderful value is not listed in our reg- a piece, with beautifully designed back, wide, shapely catalog. We have only a limited number of sets. We trust honest people anywhere in U.S. One price, cash or credit. t gg = operating runners. Seat 19x171-2 No discount for casb, nothing extra for credit, no C. O. D. : Library T: A beautiful piece of Hbrary for BSS SSSSRUEEREEE Eee esas Ree eee niture. a al i ds no nds to match chairs wreaks eamalan coat been, Lean ect ol tie. @ Straus & Schram, Department 1789 Chicago, Il. stock; massive, dignified. Top measures 23 1-4 x 34 in. Enclosed find $1.00. Ship special advertised @-Piece Fumed Osk Reception Chair has beautiful shape to match the = pd Set. Lam tohave 30 cays .free trial. If l keep the set, Seat 7x17 in., height 35 in. SPSS 795, F090 monthly. If not sati Jardiniere Stand matches other pieces. a3 - set 30 and you ere to refund my money end ec: my tion to living room or library. Carefully freight charges | paid. built throughout. Measures 17 1-2in. high; the top Send Now? =—- ‘ C) 6-Piece Library Set No. B7340A, §33.80, x ches. ipped lown truction. Easy Sactun’ Baree trelant char t. about 230 ibs. e tosetup. Saves charges. Name aa Se ee ee Scupon? S3'a month, price $33.80 Don’t delay. Just send $1.00 along with the coupon as a ete : . posit. If #.. wish to return the set after 30 days, your Street, R.F.D. de ree Bargain tal dollar will be refunded, plus all freight charges which you or Boz No Ss F rgain Cata f 8 paid. First come, first served. Get your set while this

Shows thousands : A Shipping ‘ings, j erware, porch and offer lasts. 30 days trial — we take all the risk —no a i ee rweating soparel. _ obligation. Send the coupon today — NOW! aia Post

nee eeewweewewoowe ———— 1 you only want 0 Farsiane Stoves Jowelrs C3 ec’, Womes's, Chilares’s Coihine

Straus & Schram, Department 1789 Chicago

Page 64

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a nape, tice ane mM! ee es een ON

Better Shop Methods { How Expert Mechanics Save Time and Labor da dul

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Bench Surface Grinders Soon Pay for Themselves New Designs for Simple, Sturdy Construction ENCH machines are valuable alike in the large and the small e With a bench grinder ' at hand, for instance, a workman is ' not likely to waste any time in filing ' and scraping when the same result ' can be obtained more quickly and ' usually better by grinding. grinders alone are available, it is un- ' necessarily expensive to set up one ; of them for a small job and probably > keep it for the time being from larger »and perhaps more profitable, if not *more necessary, work. every shop, large or small, is likely to » find that a bench grinder pays for | Sitself over and over again. Two Useful Grinders Complete working details for two types of bench grinders are given on ‘this and following pages. One is a sturdy swinging or pivoted type of » machine designed by J. V. Romig, of _ Allentown, Pa., for general utility work. ' The other, designed by R. H. Kasper, of |” Philadelphia, Pa., and Henry S. Laraby, of |» New Haven, Conn., is a very small grinder |» for use in making dies and finishing irregu- | larly shaped pieces. ' With one of these swinging surface grind- ‘ers on the bench between two workmen, ' much costly hand work can be eliminated, |) and the saving in the number of files usually ia If large Therefore,

The swings bac

grinding wheel and forth over the work used in removing scale and sand from the surfaces of castings will be noticed imme- diately. The grinder mechanism and motor are mounted on an arm that pivots on an up- right standard and so allows the emery wheel to swing back and forth over work mounted or clamped in a vise on the table below. A vertical feed is provided by means of a threaded hand wheel that

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SECTION details of the swinging surface grinder. The counterbalanced arm pivots on the pedestal and can be raised and lowered by means of a hand wheel. The grinder head and motor slide along shears attached to arm

screws on the 24-in. high standard, as shown. This standard is made from heavy pipe 4 in. in diameter and has 8 threads an inch, so that a very sensitive vertical feeding is possible within the machine’s range. To allow the arm to swing freely, a thrust ball bearing is placed between the feed wheel and the arm bearing. The arm proper is made of a piece of 8-in. channel iron cut and shaped as indicated. To this is bolted the arm bearing on which the whole is pivoted. The bearing is split and made adjustable to take up play A smaller grinder for finishing dies and irregularly shaped parts ® caused by the inevitable wearing of the machine parts. On the arm is screwed the shears for the sliding grinder head. These are made of flat steel, held away from the channel iron with 1-in. collars used as spacers. The grinder head, built up as shown, slides on the shears. Two split and adjustable bronze bearings are bolted to the lower end of the grinder head, and mounted in them is the grinder spindle, 1 in. in diameter. Installing Electric Motor Above them, on the front face, is placed a \4-horsepower motor of a heavy duty type. This should have the speed of about 1250 revolutions a minute, so that with a geared up speed of two to one, it will drive the wheel at about 4000 surface feet a minute. Current is supplied from a drop cord from the lighting circuit. The longitudinal feed is accomplished by means of a %-in. feed screw with a nut mounted on the grinder head below the shears. On the rear and overhanging por- (Continued on page 86)

Page 65

December, 1922 ee WOR Pe Pes ee; Sta is ’ Du Pont makes powder—not shells. Du Pont Powders are loaded in every ‘brand of shell. The name ‘DU PONT” or “BALLISTITE,” printed on the car- ton and the top shot wad, tells you what powder you are shooting. Specify the powder when you buy the shells. \ E.I. DUPONT DENEMOURS&CO.,INC. | Wilmington, Delaware . ° ° oe ° _* _ Know and specify the powder you shoot. The best powder makes the best load —the best load gets the most game. ages . Lge ea . Fe ‘ et oe : : ; oe : % ae eS ; se ; eae fr a . giao : BR ms sane * ? deg « PEW oe a - # sf : Beran Eas Pe oo r ss Pe Nee eS Pn tae he OWDERS “au POND Pas S Res ie Bee PE . Bite de oe So a a: 5

Page 66

86 ATKINS ILVER STEEL

A Better Saw for Every Use No matter what kind of a saw you require—hack saw, hand saw, cross- cut saw, circular saw, buck saw, meat saw, pruning saw, portable drag saw machine, or in fact any saw for any wood or metal cutting purpose—the Atkins’ complete line offers you a saw that will do the work quicker, better and easier. The famous “Silver Steel,’”’ used exclusively in Atkins Saws, is the highest grade saw steel that man ever devised. That’s why an Atkins Saw takes a keener edge, cuts faster, runs easier, stays sharp longer and needs less filing to keep it in shape, than any other saw. It will pay‘every saw user to learn more about the time and money- saving advantages of Atkins Saws. Three FREE Books These FREE Books are full of useful information on saws. Write your name and address on margin of this page, state which book you want and give your dealer’s name. Mail it today.

Get These FREE Books on Saws “Saw Sense” shows the best saw for every use, tells how to test and file saws and gives helpful tables and facts on building. “Care of Saws’’ tells all about the use and care of cross-cut and hand saws. “Hack Saw Chart” shows 7 correct blade for each metal-cutting job. E. C. Atkins & Co., Inc. Dept. R, Indianapolis, Ind. Makers of “‘Silver-Steel’’ Saws and Tools. Sold by Leading Hardware Dealers and Jobbers, ; Mill Supply Houses and Fac- ‘ toryBranches all over the world

Popular Science Monthly

BETTER SHOP METHODS

Bench Surface Gelndess Soon Pay for Themselves tion of the arm is bolted a weight that serves as a counter- balance and relieves the strain on the standard. A guard should be provided over the wheel to prevent the sliding surfaces of the ma- chine becoming un- necessarily coated with dust. The work either is placed or clamped on the table or is held in a vise and the stone is lowered until it touches the (Continued from page 84) wheel is dressed up straight and true. A

drill press vise may be clamped to the table to hold light work, such as keys. The amount of work that can be done by this lightly constructed machine will compare well with that of a heavi- ly built plain surface grinder weighing

This grinder, which suggested the improved design shown below, has been in constant service for five years and will last at least as long again metal. Passes are then made over the work by swinging the arm, at the same time feed- ing the grinder head across the work. For finishing surfaces a light cut should be taken and care should be exercised to see that the far more and cost- ing many times as much. Grinding . Small Surfaces—For fine work on dies and irregularly shaped pieces, the smaller surface bench grinder illustrated will prove of value. The original model of the machine was built by Mr. Kasper in his (Continued on page 88)

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10° 8 HANDLE sists evry: (i | Se rn INDING 1 | , it ] WHEEL BEARING = \ —< iB. ee es ni” ' 14 23 A} vt 44 3 lf 1 ode e fy. +, 'euhil ije------------- ny) hes 5¢ 3 tok i e--------------- a tes ce. 6 1 tye 4 oF 3 1 tL. Vv , 8 ; : = tS ® @ i! s 8 at ‘i ten “stipe fla} 7 UPRIGHTS CROSS SLIDE eeo screw ss @ STOCK th! 4 = HAND ea / WHEELS MOTOR pea 2 2 2 2@ 2 Pi P~4-4) ANGLE on Plate | RACK at: TABLE a3 ™ - PINION j A | a rie eee @ . ran a3 ee eee 7 jw————— 41° ” 4) 5 8 y : t the tom ie a Y Ps = —* be feORILL, fet) & DRILL . st 4 ~ oa Lt pis Lr Ly Wt a + ze A 2 ba 15

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Page 67

December, 1922 How wrong shaving brings the lines of age to men’s faces Amazing new facts from world-noted dermatologists When you feel a sensation in shaving—beware. It’s a danger signal. It means the roots of your beard are being Irritated by pulling, and that a rough skin is on the way, The deep lines of age, furrows and wrinkles closely follow. Any skin specialist will tell you so. Not vanity—but good business This is not an appeal to vanity, but to good business, In this day, no man past 30 can afford to look older than he is. For commercially, youth, not age. is being sought. Yet leading dermatologists tell us that three men in four, between 30 and 40, look years older than they are, because of wrong shaving methods. Note the men you meet — anywhere, Some look old before their time. Others seem to hold the secret of youth. Ninety per cent of it is in how they shave. Scores of wealthy men have private barbers for that reason. 2 years of wrong shaving will add 10 years to your looks. One month of correct shaving will take years away These are scientific facts, vouched for by foremost authorities on the skin. For youth—a keen blade You should be able to shave clean—if your beard is average—by going over your face one time. Note this fact and mark it. And you can’t accomplish that with anything short of a super-keen blade. Ordinary sharpness won't do it. For that reason many of the most noted skin specialists _ in the United States are advising men to turn to the Valet AutoStrop Razor. A barber’s edge—the keenest cutting edge known—on a safety razor blade. We talk ‘about it in terms of time, “78 Seconds from Lather to Towel,’’ because you. can’t shave quickly with a dull blade. alet Auto-‘Strop Razor REG. U.S. PAT. OFF. Only38-yet © looks every day of 5O 4 “Strops its own blades.” A new idea We perfected this blade 18 months ago. A fortune was spent attaining it. But we deferred announcing it, at that time. We wanted to be sure that we were right. That our achievement was supreme. Now millions of men use it. It marks a new era in shaving. And changes the whole shaving situation. Once over the face! You go over your face—once. That’sall. The result isa super-velvet shave. And that is where you spare your face. No scraping. No after-shave smart. No shaving lotions needed. The blade to invite eruptions and roughness. One famous specialist goes so far as to say that one month of shaving in this way will turn back the calendar several years for any man of 35 or more who is now shaving old-time ways. Sharpens itself Shaves, cleans, strops without removing the blade We recommend your using our famous strop for the same reason a barber strops his razor. It keeps up the keenness. It works as a part of each razor—there if you care to use it, or, if you choose, you can just insert new blades as you feel the need. Self-stropping is a patented Valet AutoStrop feature. It helps to give you the world’s fastest shave every day. You can obtain a Valet AutoStrop at any dealer’s, $1 and $5. The difference in price is marked by the superlative finish, the better case and the greater number of blades. Gold and silver plated fitted sets— ideal for gifts—are priced up to $25. Try one. It will prove a cutsclean. Notugging at the hair roots: 2 Years of Wrong Shaving will add 10 years to the average man’s looks 1 Month of Right Shaving will take years away say authorities The World’s Fastest Shave! 78 Seconds from Lather to Towel To shave right, you must shave quick. Once over the face, no oftener. So we’ve processed a barber's edge blade—the keenest known—to help men do it. And we offer now, the world’s fastest shave, embodying 3 things you’ve never had before: First—A super-velvet shave, going over the face one lime. No scraping. Second—A quick shave, 78 seconds from lather to towel. Only a super-keen blade can do it. Third—a 78 super-velvet shave every day. The strop keeps up the edge of the blade. second revelation. If your dealer cannot supply you, mail the coupon with $1, Mail This If your dealer cannot supply you for Model C, postpaid. complete. AutoStrop Safety Razor Co. 655 First Avenue, New York City Enclosed is one dollar ($1.00), for which send me one of the Model C Valet AutoStrop Razor sets IE. SONNE TE ELLE EIR SEL EOE AOI LORE LY!

Page 68

eee ec: AP hts ind

cera 88 Popular Science Monthly

into the home aso~\

WHAT THE BOOK CONTAINS Section 1. HOW RA- DIO ENTERS THE HOME. What set shall I buy? How much does it cost? What will it do? Answers a hundred such questions. All types and sets are de- scribed from the least to the most expensive. Full installing and op- erating instructions. Section 2. HOW TO RECEIVE MOST EFFI- CIENTLY. Important receiving accessories are described in simple lan- guage. For the benefit of the amateur, techni- cal data are given on audio and radio fre- quency amplification, erection of antennae, battery charging,regen- eration, etc. aluable receiving - circuit dia- grams are published for the first time. Section 3. VACUUM TUBE TRANSMISSION FOR THE AMATEUR ANDEXPERIMENTER. Everything from A to Z about transmission with new, completely revised transmitting - diagrams, incorporat- ing Radiotron trans- mission and Kenotron rectification. Valuable operating instructions are given, and the use of mica condensers for transmission is empha- sized. Section 4. GENERAL INFORMATION—A VERITABLE GUIDE BOOK TO RADIO. Gov- ernment laws, National Electric Code Radio Rules, vacuum - tube *Don’ts,’’? radio glos- sary, specifications for a scientifically con- structed amateur sta- tion, complete price list of allR.C.A.equipment.

teur.

As Necessary

The Book that brings Radio

ERE is a wonderful low-priced book which tells all that the average man wants to know about radio. Home,”’ and it is written by experts. to enjoy popular radio broadcasting, and it gives complete descriptions of apparatus and installa- tion instructions. so accurate, and yet so understandable has thus far been published. The book is divided into four sections. illustrations, 112 pages, size 8'' x 11". The tech- nically uninformed man will find in sections written especially for him the simply presented facts that he seeks; in other sections are data and diagrams that appeal to the trained ama- Fill out the coupon and send it with 35 cents in stamps to 233 Broadway, New York City RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICA Dept. PS, 233 Broadway, New York, N. Y. For the enclosed thirty-five cents in stamps send me your book ‘Radio Enters the Home,” describing radio and radio sets in language that anyone can understand.

225 West 39th St., It is called ‘‘Radio Enters the It tells how No book so richly illustrated, Over 200 <2 Corporation Sales Division, Suite 2080

as Your Pliers Before you finish the job know if it will pass inspection. The “Electricians’ Wiring Manual” will tell you. It is written by an electrician for electricians. his work before inspected the ‘Electricians’ Wiring Manual”? is as essential as his pliers. Every wide-awake electrician, wireman, con- tractor, and the man who does his own electrical work around the home should have a copy of the ‘Electricians’ Wiring Manual” in his kit. The Manual may save you 100 times the cost of the book. The apprentice by following: its direc- tions, may become an intelligent wireman able to give promptly reliable installation data. To the man who wants to be sure of The 448 pages in the manual are filled with ' formulas, tables, practical hints—and 414 dia- grams and illustrations. Price prepaid only $2.50 Popular Science Monthly New York City

BETTER SHOP METHODS =

Bench Surface Grinders (Continued from page 86) spare time and was designed so that no elaborate machine work was necessary. The results passed all expectations, for the ma- chine has been in continuous use for five years, grinding small dies. It is built of materials at hand and a fan motor pro- vided the driving power. The grinder to which the accompanying details refer can similarly be made up at

Details of the grinder arm and vertical fedd screw

BRASS BUSHING TOFIT GRINDING WHEEL SHAFT

very little cost for materials. It is driven by a portable motor of a more rugged type than the usual fan motomand, since motors vary somewhat in size, one should be ob- tained first and the motor bracket made to suit. A flexible shaft should be provided to connect with the spindle in place of the grinding wheel, so that very small dental wheels can be used for finishing minute parts. The fact that full dimensions are given throughout does not mean that there is any- thing hard or fast about them. In many cases a somewhat larger machine might be preferred, the one shown being intended for the smallest work to be done in the average machine shop or tool room, but the parts can easily be made proportionately larger if a machine of wide range is desired. The worktable, with its cross slide for holding the vise and work, is given a back- RACK TO MATCH PINION

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HEAD bo = - 00 SCREW? "\-SUGGESTION FOR COMBINED SLIDE STOP AND 60° GEAR RACK FASTENING

Arack on the under side of the table detailed above engages the horizontal feed pinion ward and forward movement by a rack that meshes with a pinion. The pinion shaft receives its motion from a crank handle or hand wheel. The method of construction is made clear in the table details. The cross slide is of conventional design and has T-slots across it at right angles to

(Continued on page 90)

Page 69

<1" + aad December, 1922

Core WELLER Boys Today—Men Tomorrow! ERECTOR The most wonderful construction toy in the world. Boys can make machines, bridges, cranes, towers, in fact any engi- neering feat can be duplicated with a Gilbert Erector. The $5.00 sets have a sturdy electric motor that will lift 200 pounds. Erector is the toy most boys pick for it is the most popular toy in the Gilbert line.

IF YOU want to know more about Gil- bert Toys send 10c for the Gilbert 1923 Year Book. It not only contains won- derful articles on radio, magic, sports, chemistry and engineering that will de- light the heart of any boy, but it is alsoa complete catalog of Gilbert Toys. Use the coupon opposite. ‘

HOUSANDS of young men from 20 to 30 years old, who are today making great strides in engineering, chemistry, and other sciences were Gilbert Toy boys just a few years ago. I have watched their progress with intense interest and I will tell you that I am mighty proud that my engineering toys have started these boys on the road to success. When I was a boy I loved to play with scientific things myself, but no one made the kind of toys that I wanted, so I said that some day I would make for a new generation of boys, toys that I wanted when I was a kid myself. That is why there are wonderful Gilbert Toys for all kinds of scien- tific fun, electrical sets, telegraph sets, signal engineering, weather bureau outfits, civil engineering, hydraulic and pneumatic engineer- ing, light experiments, sound experiments, glass blowing, mineralogy, magnetism, as well as all kinds of magic outfits, and sets to perform tricks with coins, handkerchiefs and cards.. There is a Gilbert Toy for every boy. They range in price from $1.00 to $30.00. Make this the best Christmas you ever had in your life, get a $5 Erector Set or any other Gilbert Toy for the kid brother, boy friend or son. A. C. GILBERT, President THE A. C. GILBERT COMPANY [7 SY New Haven, Conn. The A. C. Gilbert Company, 138 Blatchley Avenue, New Haven, Conn. IN CANADA THE A. C. GILBERT-MENZIES CO. LIMITED Toronto Enclosed is 10c. Send the 1923 | Year Book to ee ee eee eee weer reese eeeeeee eee eee eee eee ee ee REE s tee reese

ems Goes coos ee ee ee

Page 70

‘Speaking of short “Cutting cross corners to the job is thing. Cutting cross corners on the job is another. Only one way to get ahead there and that’s by turning out work that’s right. Good tools help the most—that’s why mine are Starrett.” Here’s a new Starrett tool you'll be glad to own—the Starrett Black Enameled Frame one-inch Micrometer Caliper. Star- rett quality throughout. You can get it at any hardware store for $6.25. With Ratch- et Stop, $6.75. Leather case $1.00 extra. Write for Catalog No. 22Wand the Sup- plement describing the new Starrett Tools, THE L.S. STARRETT CO. The World’s Greatest Toolmakers Manufacturers of Hacksaws Unexcelled ATHOL, MASS.

cuts one New Starrett Black Enam- eled Frame Micrometer Caliper, $6.25 (without Ratch- et Stop). 42-425

| simple swiveling vise can be made as shown, _body A. The screw C, which is screwed a BETTER SHOP METHODS

Bench Surface Grinders (Continued from page 88) each other for the heads of hold down bolts. Either a standard vise can be used or a a recess being cut on the under side for a lever that clamps the vise in position. The vise details are self explanatory. The plate B is screwed to the under side of the vise through a centrally located tapped and

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UNTERBORE. “13. wig FOR & SCREW 24] a. ka a pa “4 r L Jal ese i.

~ i je BSc i DRILL AND. COUNTERBORE FOR & SCREW

$ DRILL o GiB TO FIT Construction of the cross slide, which has T-slots and a hole in the center for the swiveled vise shown below countersunk hole in the cross slide, passes through the central hole in B and into the tapped hole in the lever D. A small move- ment of the lever, therefore, will lock the vise in any position. It is desirable to have an extra jaw some- what thicker than the one shown for use when very thin work is to be held. The vise screw does not then have to be as long as otherwise would be necessary. Since dies never have a clearance of more than 5 de-

= Rarer : py pital > | aT <3 a a | WHAT BETTER GIFT a i | Fe ate Ol aa # ; THAN AN ELECTRIC Hats Ell | os MOTOR? rare] ath f A gift that lightens labor, year after year, for Leb ligt prod 5) 4 oo on the ‘‘home tinker,” or the ‘ eayoue bry 100 te TAP B te ousewife. 1 BI Zein pe ———23° 3) A gift that opens up a new world of educa- Co fe ms Oo i F tion for the boy which may easily give useful + nat a direction to his future career. He'll hitch it biz, aa” to useful work, too, you may be sure. AC Motor, Weighing 28 Ibs., is yours motor of equal capacity, locally. onz year!

Above Big, Powerful 1-4 HP, 110 Volt, 60 Cycle

$13.50 si. This maker-to-user price is little more than half what it would cost you to buya for - - It is a fan-cooled motor, operating at 1740 rpm, tested for 50% overload at the factory and guaranteed for Combined Grinder and Buffer, with 6-inch Norton Wheel and 7-inch Cotton Buff. Motor same as above, but totally enclosed and dustproof. - - $25.00 Send cash with order, as this price does not permit of book- keeping or collections costs. oney back if you’re not satisfied. NORTHWESTERN ELECTRIC CO., 410 So. Hoyne Ave., Chicago Also ask for our circulars on Electric Grinder and Buffer, Electric Exhaust Fans, as well as Motors and Generators for RADIO USE.

Cheapness and simplicity are the fea- tures of this simple swiveling vise grees, the tilt can easily be obtained by blocking up the work or the vise. The two uprights of the machine are joined at the top by a yoke and are sup- ported on the flat base by means of an angle plate. The wheel bearing and motor support slide as a unit up and down between these standards, the movement being controlled by a vertical feed screw with a handle above the yoke. If the machine is to be portable, legs should be fastened on each corner, but otherwise it may be screwed directly to the bench. Popular Science Monthly

Decembe

Page 71

- woe ahead OD OD December, 192% unity ‘ (ek \a\ Ay (© | oh | : ih SUPER-SENSITIVE | DETECTOR DISTORTIONLESS AMPLIFIER - CUNMINGH AM CUNNINGH At r¥PE C300 TYPE C 301 PATENTED | | Nationally recognized standards for all types of RADIO RECEIVING ; TYPE C-301 GAS CONTENT | Amplifies | HIGH VACUUM S E TS DETECTOR as it AMPLIFIER S500 | Detects | $EG5O VACUUM TUBES Whitten indelibly in the annals of radio progress is the record of Cunningham service in placing before the public, vacuum tubes of the highest conceivable standard. The rapid expansion of radio telephony, now one of the world’s foremost utilities, was made possible by the wonderful development of the vacuum tube. The CUNNINGHAM SUPER-SENSITIVE DETECTOR and DISTOR- The trade mark GE is the guarantee, of TIONLESS AMPLIFIER TUBES, designed and built in the great laboratories Each tube is built to of the General Electric Company, are now aationally recognized as standards for all most rigid Ais dong Ager tions. types of receiving sets. PATENT NOTICE Cunningham tubes e ? are covered by pat- g bs ents dated 11-7-05 1-15-07, 2-18-08 and others issued and pending. Licensed only for amateur or experimental uses .n — Soeereniaenes. Home Office: Eastern Representative: be an infringement. 248 First Street 154 West Lake St. San Francisco, Calif, Chicago, Illinois

Page 72

a ns De eh 2s aye she, Oh DICTOGRAPH Radio HEAD SET Ga, Was'17.00 No Why This Sensational | Reduction in Price ? SWEEPING cut of $4.00 in the price of the Dictograph Radio Head Set! The tremen- dous endorsement of radio enthusiasts has made possible this sensational reduction. To meet the demand, production has been planned on a new, gigantic scale. Great manufacturing economies establish the new price—only $8.00. A wonderful bargain! And above all, a wonder- ful head set—the world’s standard of supreme quality for super-sensitive and accurate sound- transmission. Note:—Plans are now under way for the production of the new 4,000 ohms Dictograph SUPER- TONE Head Set, the most perfect radio head set that can be made. For the most delicate work, the most exacting requirements. A new standard of super-sensitive- ness! List Price, $12.00. The same quality, the same guarantee, the same supreme Dictograph Head Set in every respect but the price. Type R-1, 3,000 ohms, for all types of receiving sets. The Standard of the World DICTOGRAPH Radio LOUD SPEAKER e Perfect Loud Speaker . for the Home Public demand has made possible the Dictograph Loud Speaker at the low price of only $20.00, complete with 5-foot flexible cord. A handsome instrument that reproduces every sound in crystal-clear, natural tones, full volume, and free from distortion or noise. Ask for demonstration at reliable radio dealers, Get world-famous DICTOGRAPH quality and still save money. Dealers:—Order through your jobber or write direct for names of authorized distributors. r DICTOGRAPH PRODUCTS CORPORATION New York, N. Y. 220 West 42nd Street pee oe in all Fo a oT Ie Price 90” Popular Science Monthly BETTER SHOP METHODS . Haven, Conn., for the Better Shop Meth- Planer Gage Has End Slide and Height Blocks ‘Tse addition of an end slide and height blocks give this improved planer and shaper gage a wide range of utility. It was designed by Henry S. Laraby, of New ods Department and his working details have been incorporated in a_ blueprint which can be obtained for 25 cents by filling out the coupon below. The gage is an exceedingly fine one for close and accurate work. It is distin- guished from the usual gage by the addi- tional slot in the back; this permits the gage to be used for making two measurements at ea a, principal cities ELECTRIC BELLS HEAR RADIO RIGHT! Superadio Specials, same as used by Harry T. Starnes in his lectures over the United States and Canada, on Chautauqua and Lyceum Tours. Superadio Long Distance Receiver, the 3000 to the experimenter, particularly. 124 pp. Fully illustrated A complete treatise for the practical worker in installing, operating and testing bell circuits, burglar alarms, ther- mostats and other apparatus used with electric bells. The detailed instructions for building the apparatus will appeal Price, 75 cents POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, 225 W. 39th St., New York, N.Y. mile set, with two stage Amplifier, an elegant machine of quality . 00 ———« ee SAFEGUARDING INVESTMENT! Two Stage Audio Frequency Amplifier 40:00 A Book of Unusual Value to:— The Investing Public, Manufacturers (who want to borrow money) and Bankers PRICE $1.25 INDUSTRIAL EXTENSION BUREAU 855A Continental and Commercial Bank Bldg. 208 S. La Salle St., Chicago, Ill. Detector and Two Stage Amplifier With automatic Filament Control 60.00 Three Stage Audio Amplifier, a fine instrument 100.00 Westinghouse, Clapp-Eastham, and all standard equipment at standard prices. Starnes Superadio Service Covington, Indiana AGENTS WANTED TO SELL Our Lion and Tiger Rugs ; Made from wool felt; size 24x40. Sample, Postpaid, $1.75. . Heavy Felt, Sample, $2.00. Table Scarf, beautiful designs, i 18x48. Sample, $2.75. Piano Scarf, 18x48. Sample, $3.50. All Samples Postpaid. Make Big Money between now and holidays. BRADFORD & CO., Inc. Sky St. Joseph, Mich. With its end block and other improve- ments, this planer gage has a wide range of usefulness in the machine shop and tool room the same time. The advantages of this arrangement are at once obvious. Another feature is that the height blocks can be screwed to the larger sliding block in two positions, vertically as illustrated or horizontally. This allows an unusually wide range of adjustment and the gage can be used the long way for measurements up to 8 in. A further improvement that will appeal instantly to all machinists who have much laying out of work to do is a scriber attach- ment that can be screwed to the top of the height blocks. This is an optional detail and while shown on the blueprint, it is not illustrated on the perspective assembly drawing shown above. Its value lies in the fact that it converts the gage into a most useful and serviceable height gage. Since a regular height gage is a costly tool and often not available when most needed, the little scriber attachment that can be added to this planer gage is well worth while. It was suggested by Mr. S. L. Roberts, who uses it on a planer gage of his own design similar to one he described in an article in Home Workshop for August. The blueprint not only gives fully dimensioned details, a full size assembly drawing, and a bill of materials, but also a series of thumbnail sketches showing how the work is laid out and the main operations performed. This additional information will give the blueprint added value in tech- nical high schools, vocational schools, and other schools where machine shop practice (Continued on page 94) Blueprint Service Dept. Popular Science Monthly 225 West 39th St., New York Gentlemen: Send me Blueprint A, for which I inclose 25 cents in stamps or coin. es: ee oy eee ar Te No so oh a Kia ala oii owas Ride eo Oe ee ee er ee => ak

Page 73

thly ht nd 2W h- ils nt by or n- li- ge at his cks - in or lly can eal uch ch- the tail not bly the ost ea ind the led It rho ign in lly bly 0a ow ns ion ch- nd ice December, 1922 Ives Toys will make you smile too N IVES Railroad System is just what every boy wants. They suit any purse, too, ranging from $1.75 to $50.00 in price. There are spring locomotives that whiz around an “O” gauge track and monster electrics that operate an “O” gauge and standard 2 gauge track—exact copies of the latest New York Central models. .The Ives Railroad Systems have a dazzling variety of passenger and freight cars, bridges, tunnels, switches, stations, signals, lights and railroad equip- ment. The cars like the locomotives are also exact copies. The freight cars are painted like the real ones on principal railroads, coal cars, tank cars, stock cars, flat cars, lumber cars, cabooses. Our beautiful 1922 catalog ablaze with color will tell you all about these wonderful trains as well as the Ives Boats. Remember that the Ives Trains can be operated either indoors or out. After the indoor season their substantial construction makes them an ideal outdoor toy. Boys can build a railroad, running a spur track to the edge of a pond or brook, ship the freight to a miniature wharf and load it on an Ives merchant ship—an entire transportation scheme all with Ives equip- ment. No other manufacturer furnishes this complete outfit. Additions may be made from time to time as all equipment may be bought as separate units. Send 10c right now for our dandy 1922 catalog in colors, showing The Ives Trains and Boats. THE IVES MANUFACTURING CORPORATION 203 Holland Avenue, Bridgeport, Conn. Special $15 Outfit (West of Mississippi $16.56) TuE Ives Electric Train Outfit, pictured below, 31 inches long, consisting of reversible locomo- tive with electric headlight, 3 cars with automatic couplers, 14 feet of track, station, tunnel, semaphore, danger signal and 6 telegraph poles. If your dealer will not supply you, send us the money and we will see that you are taken care of. wes Trains "conrad eee TN EE A a

Page 74

want. Our No. 28 Catalog

For the boy who is an apprentice, for the mechanic, v7 toolmaker, technical student, automobile repair man, ( whom you want to remember, it makes an ideal, in- 4} ia « expensive gift whose accuracy daily helps him. A © | handy pocket case, leather covered, gives it an added t Christmas appearance. f % For yourself this Rex Micrometer makes an .ideal gift. Suggest it to your friends when they ask you what you , of over 2000 tools sent to anyone who is interested. N 7 V; BROWN & SHARPE MFG. CO. dh Providence, R.I., U.S. A. Vy) ae Rex No. 11

1” BROWNE & SHARPE [4% MICROMETER CALIPER 4 High Accuracy—Low Price pleasure in giving Ag One you take and receiving |@ showing our complete line Up

Popular Science M onthly

66 fe ee IMNENE COLLAR For trial, a sample of our style Rubens, if you send 2 cents in U.S. stamps for postage and state size wanted 4 Reversible Collar Co., Dept.116 Boston, Mass.

“Bowlegs and Knock-Knees” Unsig Y/Y = Send for Booklet Showing Photos YAN: of Men With and Without The Perfect Leg Forms PERFECT SALES CO., 140 N. Mayfield Ave., Dept. 45, Chicago, Ill.

cc New York Washington Chicago SF dia

sant Evenings at Home BAUSCH & LOMB OPTICAL COMPANY 600 St. Paul Street, Rochester, N. Y. Leading American makers of Stereo-Prism Binoculars, Telescopes, Photographic Lenses, Projection Apparatus (Balopticons), Microscopes, Magnifiers, Automobile Lenses and other Hich-Grade Optical Products.

SR so HS. Wes gt thrown on the screen. The book is in no way damaged. The Home Balopticon will provide genuine pleasure at small public gatherings as well as at home. Write forthe Home Balopticon booklet containing many suggestions for enter- tainment withthis machine. <2

4 % i. Ry ‘ é ‘i e hs 8S Pei aT Ric sy i 4 Plea i Fs Keep the family together in the evenings—have them look for 4 3] their pleasure at home. Many enjoyable hours can be spent with a ce ei | id Bausch & Lomb HOME BALOPTICON F This new Balopticon projects opaque " EB objects such as photographs, post i bd cards, and book pages. It attaches to Da ig an ordinary lamp socket and can be . i operated by anyone. fi Entertain the children by having clever + % pictures from ‘‘bedtime stories”* San Francisco London

| then they are milled out. In finishing the | set it parallel, and a size block is used to | grinding can quickly be made as illustrated. BETTER SHOP METHODS Planer Gage Has End Slide (Continued from page 92)

is taught and where it is desired to make up some of these gages. Because of the accy. racy of the work required in every process, the gage is an excellent project for instruc. tion purposes in such schools. Teachers of mechanical drawing, shop sketching and drafting also will find the blueprint useful in their work, as it is a fine example of modern drafting practice and one that may be used either as an example or a basis for a specific problem in detajl and assembly drawing. How the Gage Is Machined The gage is made of soft or tool steel, which is pack hardened \ in. deep before grinding. Two gages may be laid out ona rectangular piece of steel, allowing \ in, for the width of the saw used to separate them after their shape has been marked out with a prick punch and the openings made with a 5/16-in. drill, the inside edges being trimmed with file or mill. When separating the two pieces, a saw cut is made half the thickness down, a piece of )4-in. rod is inserted in the saw cut, the block is turned over and sawed nearly through, and then it is broken off in a vise. The slots are milled with a small T cutter with tapered shank to fit the milling ma- chine collet or vertical head. The work is set parallel in the milling machine by the use of an indicator; the slots are sawed and slots the gage is clamped to an angle iron on a magnetic chuck, an indicator is used to check the slots for uniformity of width. The method of getting out the two slide blocks is along similar lines. In their slots are fitted the tongues, which are held with clamp screws.

Set of Props Saves Time in Grinding Valves A SET of props for holding the valve springs of an engine compressed while the valves are removed for cleaning and It saves time in repair work, inasmuch as the removal of the springs is avoided. By turning the motor over by hand, the valve is raised and the prop is inserted ; ij LENGTH TO SUIT LIFT OF VALVE

METAL tat | 0 CeDVE SET OF VALVE SPRING PROPS HOLD

SPRINGS WHILE VALVESARE ” l SHAPE REMOVED SIDES 4\ BENT BACK Props make it unnecessary to remove springs when repairing valves. under the valve spring cap. The motor is then turned until the push rod is lowered by the cam. The prop holds the spring raised, thus permitting the removal of the valve pin and valve without disturbing the spring. Four of these props are readily cut witha pair of snips out of a sheet of iron or galvan- ized plate. The height is determined by measuring the distance when the valve is in its raised position, as indicated.—G. A. L.

December a How t J Ml fou sively it a piece diamete VALVES 3” DRILL HOLE = DETAIL An iron d eter a apart Ont other from The © water most

Ecc

Page 75

| onthly December, 1922 —_ —__ xe up accu- cess, true. shop | the 4 fine and mple letail steel, efore ona g in, irate 1 out nade eing saw n, a cut, arly Vise. itter ma- rk is the and the non d to d to ide slots vith ilve hile and ted. 1 as the ted r is red ing BETTER SHOP METHODS How to Make a Cheap Multiple Jet Drinking Fountain MULTIPLE jet sanitary drinking fountain can be installed inexpen- sively in any shop. The fountain is simply a piece of pipe bent to a circle of convenient diameter and mounted above a galvanized \\. GALVANIZED \ IRON \ CATCH BASIN S"DRILLED A © HOLES _DRAINPIPE. f AND SUPPORT DETAIL OF CLIP r " An inexpensive method of providing the shop with a supply of drinking water iron drain. Holes about 3/16 in. in diam- eter are drilled vertically at equal distances apart along the pipe. One end of the pipe is capped and the other end is connected with a globe valve, from which runs a pipe to the water supply. The valve permits regulating the flow of water, so that the height of the jets will be most convenient for drinking.—A. K. Eccentric Clamp Holds Bearing Shims or Washers aon filing down solid shim blocks such as are used in connecting rod bearings or for facing off circular washers or other parts not easily held in the jaws of a vise because of their thinness and shape, a clamping fixture may quickly be made like the one illustrated. The body of the holderis a rectangular block of cast iron with a tapped hole. A section of bar stock is threaded to suit the GAST IRON BLOCK HELO IN VISE OR SCREWED TO BENCH \ STECL Pl END OF ECCENTRIC LOCK POR ECCENTRIC e CLAMPING SCREW 4 Um _) Washer is gri between steel pins in - the Ek seater clamping oe tapped hole and a pilot turned on one end, the pilot being made eccentric with the body of the screw. A piece of bar stock is then forged as shown and the end tapped to correspond with the screw. This serves to lock the eccentric clamp. Holes drilled in the face of the cast iron block are fitted with small removable pins so that when the edge of the washer is placed against the pins, the eccentric can be turned until the part is clamped tight. The block is held in the jaws of a vise or one end can be screwed to the top of the bench in such a way that the clamp screw overhangs the edge.—M. J. V. ps dad te, las » Sihke + Pibay « BOD © SYS » ABD « casip » Adee - GPS + * For Wife or Husband For Son or Daughter For Teacher or Pastor For Dearest Friend Remington _ Portable A complete portable typewriter that will be prized by anyone—because it is helpful, use- ful, practical and valuable. Has the complete standard keyboard and other big machine features. Fits in case only four inches high. Sold by over 2,000 dealers and Remington branch offices everywhere. Send for our illustrated “Your Ever Handy Helper.” Address Department 67. REMINGTON TYPEWRITER CO. 374 Broadway, New York Paragon Ribbons for Remington Portable Typewriters. Made by us. 50 cents each, $5.00 adozen

Page 76

= : © ee

seis Se oie Re a a aes 96

Manufacturer to Consumer Our 50 Standard Micr-O-Phone Radio parts are engineered and designed right, and manufactured under minimum over- head. Our factory is now under full pro- duction and can supply your needs. Compare our prices with others and see what a big saving there is for you to pur- chase direct from us. Over 25 years’ ex- perience in the elec- trical field puts us in position to know the exact Radio needs, and _ our goods are pur- chased with in- creased _ satisfac- tion. Our Prices Will Interest You.

ups. Mi-r-O-Phone Reproducer with modifying sounding board. sign by experienced en; lncers. ll reproduce music and speech in any volume or sound desired, with purity of tone as clear as original. Heavy cast polished aluminum. Equipped with army — ay loud speaking receiver eet of cord. By parcel ak complete, $15.00. MFG. CO. Dept. G12

WRITE FOR CATALOG ALDINE RADIO & Aldine Square, Chicago, Il.

Micr-O-Phone Listener-In for Crystal or Tube Sets. phone connected to thi a ves the cost of additional head phones. Made of heavy cast polished aluminum. Equipped for 6 persons. By Parcel post, complete, $5.00. — Mic valet $2. 25 s. A one-head this instrument and the'whole family can listen in.

valcion Ci SS. 2s Send 10 cents instamps #™ for 40 of the latest dia- grams for Radio Hook-

Micr-O-Phone Loose Coupler. “Xs Is srhgomiofect the most ac- curate tuning device on t. Wave length 1500 meters. Top panel polished hard Loy ae, as shown with crystal detector, by parcel post, $10 Popular Science Monthly

at ZA CONANT AAA Learn at home to ‘mount birds, ani- mais, game heads: tan furs, make rugs and bes. e le —— A and quickly learned by J bors a2 a women ite for Fi ree Taxidermy Book. Selle all about wf ve! rtsman, trap; ms Nature lover should ow this wonderful fascinating art. Save your trophies. Big profits. Success guaranteed. 75. uates. Investigate, Write for Free axidermy. 1 Northwestern School of T: Bldg. Omaha, Neb. OANA

Courses, 3 months to 2 years—practical - technical training under experts Not a Trade School, but a ollege teac —- technical c — tric eeeueare's seg , drafting. Extensive laboratory and shop. Degrees aw ay and night sessions. Enroll any tim FINLAY “ENGINEERING COLLEGE 1002 Indiana Ave., Kansas City, Mo. hing electricity, steam, gas, auto-

Make Your Own

RADIO MONTHLY

POPULAR SCIENCE <

Will Furnish a Reliable Blueprint For men who like to make number of parts. Should Receive 500 Miles Under favorable conditions, if a long, high aerial is used, this receiving outfit will receive 500 miles. The blueprint contains working drawings, instructions, and bill of materials of a two-stage re- generative receiving set that a profes- sional would be proud to own. It com- prises a variocoupler and an Armstrong two-variometer-regene ative tuning cir- cuit coupled, if desired, with two stages of audio frequency amplification. The tuning coils have been selected be- cause of the ease with which they may be

POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY is now publishing, in addi- tion to its popular woodworking plans, an invaluable radio blueprint. This blueprint is easy to understand; the receiv- ing set described requires the purchase of the fewest possible The vacuum tube set with two stages of amplification, from rear of panel things at home with tools constructed at home. In this set has. been incorporated the best features of several types of outfits. It will tune from 180 meters to about 600 meters with remarkable sharpness and selectivity. - Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th St., N. Y. City Enclosed is 25c for which please send me the blueprint of the two-stage regen- erative receiving set.

| ball to be turned.

BETTER SHOP METHODS

Interchangeable Bars Support Heavy Work on Machine Beds i@ A large Washington, D. C., machine shop, the need for supporting bars to erect work on the beds of planers, shapers, millers and other machines is met by means of the simple interchangeable fixture illus. trated. These bars are simply threaded bolts with a V groove in the head and a nut. The bolts fit in lengths of pipe of

Only bolts and pipe are used for these adjustable supports suitable inside diameter. The end of each pipe is notched with a deep groove similar to that in the head of the bolt. In use, this fixture will stand upright or at any inclination, the groove at one end resting on the edges of the work and the other end resting on the bed of the machine, Any number of pipe sections can be used, depending upon the job in hand. These, when assembled with the adjustable heads, will suit every variety of work. With a supply of these supports on hand it is a simple matter to hold irregularly shaped work rigid while taking machine cuts and to avoid the springing of the castings that is apt to occur when clamp bolts are used without supports under- neath.—F. L. J.

Turning Wooden Balls A FIXTURE for turning wooden balls rapidly and accurately is made as shown in the accompanying illustration. The crank-shaped casting that forms the swiveling member is pivoted in the socket of the toolrest in such a way that the tool can be swung through the radius of the Two taper dowel pins are used to locate the toolrest so that the socket is centered TOOL MUST COME LEVEL WITH LATHE CENTERS

LOOSE PIN HANDLE \ FINE ADJUSTING | WORK AND SIZING ; APPARATUS oo 3 SQUARE TOOL SPEAR POINT

Fixture allows swiveling movement of tool under the lathe centers. The square hole through the casting to take the tool must correspond in height to the lathe centers. A screw is provided for making fine adjustments of the tool for the finishing cuts.—H. L.

Decen Tai Du

Page 77

hine 3 to ers, ang lus- ded da > of OVE ach ilar or oa the ne, ed, ds, ind rly ine the np er- lls yn. he ol he ite Od le ol g g December, 1922 — in the scrap pile, but the pieces marked iron. show clearly how the parts are made and BETTER SHOP METHODS Tailstock Turret Attachment for Duplicate Work on Small Lathe By W. C. Carter AVE you ever had an urgent call for duplicate parts for some small device and wished for a turret lathe or a turret attachment on your small bench lathe? For the drilling, tapping, and counter- boring of duplicate parts, a turret attach- ment is almost a necessity, and one can be made without very much difficulty. Most of the parts are made from material found DRIVING FIT: DRIVING FIT CHUCK OR — ies wT : \ Wain Ka fymee~ + - - - ~~ ~~... = = rae Yj, t IIS4Z DRIVING FIT OR THREADED DRIVING FIT Sectional view of turret attachment, with the parts numbered to correspond to the details below bneneneeose Whee nn eee Freaoucss / SETSCREW “No. 1” and “‘No. 2” will have to be of cast _ The details of the assembly drawing put together. Considerable attention should be given to the machining of Nos. 1 and 2, in order to obtain perfect alinement, and only the center holes should be bored at first. Pieces Nos. 8 and 5 should then be clamped in place, holding Nos. 1 and 2. The two %-in. radial holes in No. 1 and the four 3 in. holes in piece No. 2 should “ei3je TO FIT SPINDLE US LIGHT & HEAT sr CORPORATION Radio “A” and “B”’ Batteries ) in Hard Rubber “A” Batteries—One Size Only 6 volts—75 Ampere-hours Case—Hard Rubber SECTION c-0 ae Os ZRLAM, © due tes id oe OH ’ LIGHT SPRING ' sana of the parts of this handy at- tachment for small duplicate work then be laid off and drilled. The remainder be machined and assembled. The assembled pieces should be inserted in the tailstock, and the %%-in. holes in piece No. 2 made with a drill and boring tool in the lathe chuck, the locating pin being used for each hole. This will insure the holes in piece No. 2 being in line with the lathe spindle and properly located at (Continued on page 98) of the pieces, except No. 12, should then Cover—Hard Rubber Base—Hard Rubber Handle—Reinforced Hard Rubber Plates—Positive 4’ Negative 3/16” Outer Neg. 14” Separators—Port Orford Cedar 14” Cover Bushings—Non-Leak Connections—2, 4 or 6 volts LIST PRICE Charged—Ready to Use Battery and Handle- - - $20.00 Cover - - - - - Extra $2.00 Radio demands and deserves the Best Eliminate the Noise Nuisance Much of the “‘crackling’’ and ‘“‘frying’’ blamed to “‘static”’ is caused directly by second-hand automobile starting batteries, automobile-type thin-plate, thin-separator, “Radio” “A” Batteries, and defective or partly-discharged Dry “B” Batteries or flashlight cells. Steady, dependable Voltage is given by USL RADIO “A” AND “B” BATTERIES designed for and made only for Radio Service by a world’s leader in Storage Battery Manufacture. “B” Batteries—One Size only 24 Volts—2 Ampere-hours Case—Hard Rubber Covers—Hard Rubber Plates—Positive 7/32’ Negative 7/32” Separators—Port Orford Cedar 3/16”’ Terminals—Brass Connections—2 to 24 volts Non-Slop, Non-Leak in any position LIST PRICE—Charged Ready to Use—$11.00 Guaranteed under the standard USL Service Policy Also USL “A” Batteries in Wood Cases Mahogany or Mission-Oak : Finish 118 Central Distributing PRICE LIST _— DxA 303x—24-30 amp. hrs. $11.50 5000 USL “© 305x—65-75 “* “ 15.00 Battery Stations *© 307x—95-105 ** ‘* 22.00 and ‘¢ =309x—130-140°° ‘“ 28.00 Dealers E h (In Canada—20% additional) seperate U.S. Light & Heat Corporation Niagara Falls, N. Y. Factories: Niagara Falls, Canada Oakland, Cal. Niagara Falis, N. Y.

Page 78

Popular Science Monthly

BETTER SHOP METHODS

all times with each one of the tool holders. steel, hardened and ground if possible.

NJOYABLE Radio Concerts and maximum receiving range are obtained only when your bat- tery is fully charged. . Don’t be bothered with the inconvenience and expense of taking your battery to a service station every few days for recharging. The male has been designed especially for this purpose. It charges your “A’”’ or “B” battery over night with- out removing from the living room—gives taper charge—cannot harm your battery in any way. Simplicity itself. Only two wearing parts, replaceable after several thousand hours’ use for One Dollar. AN ORNAMENT FOR YOUR LIVING ROOM Beauty has been combined with utility in the NEW RADIO HOMCHARGER DE LUXE. The body is beautifully finished in rich Antique Mahogany—the base and fittings in a handsome dull gold. Equipped with rubber feet, it cannot mar polished surfaces. It harmonizes with the finest living room. OVER 50,000 HOMCHARGERS IN USE 50,000 users have heartily endorsed the HOMCHARGER. Beware of imitations. When buying insist on obtaining the genuine which bears our registered trade name, HOMCHARGER. Furnished complete. No extras to buy. Price $18.50 ($25.00 in Canada) at all good dealers, or shipped prepaid upon receipt of purchase price. ' Booklet illustrating the NEW RADIO HOMCHARGER DE LUXE in actual colors is FREE for the asking. Send for your copy today. . DEALERS—JOBBERS: Over 150,000 HOMCHARGERS will be sold this fall and winter. yd “ your copy of “HOMCHARGER Business Builders’ and see how you can get your share Le) is Dusiness. | CAUTION | When buying a Rectifier insist upon the following: 1. SELF-POLARIZING feature, otherwise your battery may be ruined through reverse charging. 2. ATLEAST FIVE AMPERE CHARGING RATE, otherwise it will require several days to fully charge your battery. 3. UNDERWRITERS’ APPROVAL, otherwise in case of fire your insurance may be void. The HOMCHARGER is the only Rectifier at any price which combines the above three NECESSARY HOMCHARGING features. The Automatic Electrical Devices Co. | 131 West Third Street Cincinnati, Ohio |

Largest Manufacturers BRANCH OFFICES New York Chicago Pittsburgh Detroit allas Philadelphia Los Angeles Baltimore Minneapolis Atlanta St. Louis City ~ OVER 50.000 INUSE~* of Vibrating Rectifiers in the World

ADD $5.00 a DAY to YOUR PROFITS with a TORIT ACETYLENE TORCH No. 13 For radiator repairing, general soldering, light brazing, heating, battery repairing, etc. Produces instant hot flame, fl asv ay () a () works rapidly. Furnished with 4 different tips and solder- ws 2 copper, enabling you to do a wider range of work. A Thousand and One Things a DOES the ame so often desired by the man who works in wood, fibrous materials or soft metals

$$$:

Handles all sorts of work on stock up to 114" thick with amazing speed, accuracy and economy.

The Boice Pony Bench Machine Six Machines in One: “ae Suis Sa $9785 Grinder, Polisher pte and Buffer - -° Withost bese or moter Aj — AHigh Grad eee : 3 i Precision Machine USES ACETYLENE ONLY P A splendid use for discarded auto acetylene tanks. Many ~—built to accurately han- owners make the Torit No. 13 pay for itself in a single day. dle an almost unbelievable quantity of work. Its Torch with 4 different tips; soldering copper, 5 ft. tubing, practical value demonstrated by hundreds of users. and connection for anto ee an —, a 50. : , Order today from your j . OF at the Boice Pony Bench Machi . : WHI Do Sut. tips. and miters stock up to 114" thick. St. Paul Welding & Mig. Co., 164 W. 3rd St St. Paul, Minn. , cial saws for cutting type metal. brass, copper, éiuminum, fibre, bakelite, etc. Also cuts steel tubing, rods, thin Ask your dealer for The Tone Producer or write us plates or sheets of iron, steel, mica, carbon and similar materials with elas! emery wheel. Special grooving saw and elevating table top make cutting of tenons and rabbets quick and easy, Sanding and drilling easily done by screwing necessary attach- ments to outcr end of saw ar Fisadies les 4” and S$ discs and %”" chuck. All constr Weight 31 ibs. Top 10” x 12”, easily elevated. Ask for descriptive literature and price on the Pony Bench Machine Saw, and other Boice Bench Machines and Motors. W. & J. BOICE, Dept. P. S. FOR ———. INVENTION nes improve he Viral ome Producer” atte fe nea ite nena more than ah: i Heer Srgersee . itis Pettine, Bickford, K: Casals. Helfote, Bettl ond tther eese ust: ists, Write for booklet. It not satisf money retu We ments on trial, J.& Vira Bres.50-.507 — sd, yi. 7

Tailstock Turret Attachment (Continued from page 97) Pieces Nos. 6 and 8 should be of tool Piece No. 10 can either be screwed or driven into piece No. 1. Piece No. 3 should be a drive fit into piece No. 2 and a’running fit on piece No. 1. The taper on the tailstock spindle should be made to suit the lathe. Pieces Nos. 12 and 6 should be a drive fit in piece No. 2. The size and number of threads on parts are optional and can be made as the builder finds most convenient. The diameter of 14-in. holes in pieces Nos..6, 10, and 11 should be nicely reamed so as to make a good fit on piece No. 8. With a stop to bring the tailstock to rest . and by means of graduations on the hand wheel and spindle, very accurate work can be done with this attachment.—W. C. C.

Jig for Drilling and Gaging an Awkward Shaped Piece lage piece A had to be drilled at three places and the end of the fourth arm turned. The upper and last hole to be drilled was the most important of all, be- cause it had to be in the proper relation both to the turned portion and the other two holes. After considerable thought we devised the scheme shown in the sketch. The piece H <MARK ON PIN 2 ING tt Th Hl F,

\\

imi wu ° ° n

A jig that proved valuable in preventing spoiled work that had been turned was placed in hole B, and the two pieces C and D were pushed into the holes already drilled. The two clamps E and F swing up and out of position as required, in order to allow pins to be pulled out of the holes. The clamp G has a bushing in it to guide the drill, and after the hole is drilled, a guide pin H is tried in the hole to guarantee the correctness of the work. It takes longer to explain how it is done than to do the work, but this idea has proved successful and has prevented a con- siderable amount of spoiled work. The best feature of this suggestion is that the same method can be applied to other shaped parts.—J. H. Moore.

$50 for Best Photos RIZE-WINNERS this month in Pop- ULAR SCIENCE MOonrTHLY’s $500 Cam- era Contest are as follows: FIRST PRIZE, $25—R. H. Hunting, Chicago, Ill. Subject: “Honing Tool Grinds Cylinder in Hour’’ (see page 36). SECOND PRIZE, $15—Chet Shafer, Three Rivers, Mich. Subject: “Shingle Roof Laid from Inside’? (see page 41). THIRD PRIZE, $10—Mary North- end, Salem, Mass. Subject: ‘‘Auto Chassis Converted into Ice Cutter” (see page 67). The monthly prize camera contest will be concluded with announcement of prize-

winning photographs in the January issue.

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December, 1922 The Home Workshop How to Burn Substitute Fuels to Best Advantage By A. V. Hutchinson F, IN this critical winter, you can’t get the kind of fuel to which you are accus- tomed, just what can you do to your heating apparatus to adapt it to the new conditions? Natural gas and oil will be used in fur- naces in certain limited localities; artificial gas and oil heaters will be used as auxil- iaries. But in midwinter, most POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY readers will have to rely on the old coal furnace, and many who have been burning anthracite will have to burn bituminous; while both hard and soft coal users alike may this year have to burn substitutes such as coke or wood. In this article, I will explain how any person can STATIONARY 7 teat | aig al —— —S = ADJUSTABLE? COMBUSTION CHAMBER AIR SUPPLY COLD AIR SUPPLY FIRE DOOR FITS FLUSH SHEET METAL BOX FASTENED TO FIRE DOOR oI AS IRON ROD SUPPORTS RESTING ON FIRE~ POT ENTRANCE, ———__ pit 4 -~ hen eis a ti te IZ6@ fe eS ee ey “SUPPORT To ht h to aL ees 4 ‘PIPE CAP PS HOLES ie en , se ( =} Ix” IRON PIPE SHEET METAL FUNNEL Hot air supply for combustion chamber use these substitutes with. little change in existing apparatus or firing methods. Suppose you have been using furnace coal that is of a large size. If the chimney is well built, and creates a strong draft, the smaller anthracite can be used instead. When soft coal or coke is to be burned, an additional damper should be placed in thesmoke pipe, to regulate the draft effec- tively. One damper should be stationary, the other adjustable, as illustrated. The damper nearest the chimney is the sta- tionary one, and should be set at the proper "Tougher than FP LP LPP LIP IIP VI heater to operate under maximum con- ditions. The second damper should be of an adjustable type and should be used to (Continued on page 100) position to give the necessary draft for the | Make sure the tires are Vitalics! HAT is the one thing thousands of boys who ride bicycles insist upon. They know from their own experience and from what other boys say, that Vitalic Bicycle Tires can be depended upon to give long and satisfactory service. Vitalic Tires are noted for their easy rid- ing qualities, for the way they resist punc- tures and stand up under the hardest kind of wear that an active boy can give them. That is why we say—“Vitalic Tires are tougher than elephant hide.” Vitalic Tires are made in both Cord and Fabric type—they are standard equip- ment on many well-known bicyles, and they are sold and recommended by lead- ing bicycle and tire dealers everywhere. Insist on Vitalics whether it’s for the old bike or on the newone. The extra service and satisfaction you get will be worth it. CONTINENTAL RUBBER WORKS Erie, Pa. 1919 Liberty St. elephant hide TRADE MARK RECISTEREO Bicycle Tires | TRAOE MARK - It tells an inter- PDP PPP PPP PPP PPD PSD DIDO XN % % TALIC Write us for this booklet esting story about bicycle tires.

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$80 Drafting Course Free Write to me for this offer 1 am now makin €o one of my students. I do exact ase f tell you—give an opportunity to get an $80 drafting couree FREE. $25 Drawing Outfit Free 1 am also offering to each student a come lete drawing outfit which I believe cannot parch any place for less than $25. A Special Ivorine Pocket Rule FREE for ‘sonting copy of drawing OPY this drawing to- day and send it to me, giving me your age. There are no conditions requiring you to buy any- thing. So, if you are inter- ested in drawing, send in your sketch right away. I will give you free, just for sendingacopy ofthis drawing, a 6-inch Ivorine Pocket Rule and a6x9 book on “Successful Draftsmanship.” Chief Draftsman Dobe of the Engineer's Equipment Company, is making this offer to interest ambitious men who would like to better themselves at big- “4 salaries. There will be 2,000 open positions this year paying from $3000 to $3600 a year. Here is your opportunity $250 to $300 a Month Positions paying $250 to $300 per month, which ought to be filled by skilled draftsmen, are vacant every- where. There are in every part of this country ambitious men, who with prac- tical training and personal assistance, will be qualified to fill these positions. This training is given by mail and he guarantees to train a limited number of students under this agreement to give practical drafting room training UNTIL placed in a permanent position at a salary of $250 to $300 per month. Considering that Mr. Dobe selects and limits the number of students for train- ing, it is very important that you act promptly and send in your reply either with your sketch or without a sketch at once, asking for full particulars. He will also send you a free book entitled “Successful Draftsmanship”’ telling you how you may learn drafting at home FREE 625 "stim OUTFIT Popular Science Monthly | ing air supply pipes ———| Mr. Dobe will give you this entire outfit free u you enroll at once. Des’ ; delay Send for all information TODA “Mail Your a ing At Once— and Get Ivorine Pocket Ruler Absolutely Free! Ambitious men, interestedin drafting,hurry! Don't wait! Send in your sketch or request for FREE Book and Ivorine Pocket Rule.Address: Chief Draftsman 1369 , Chicago, Illino’ THE HOME WORKSHOP How to Burn Substitute Fuels (Continued from page 99) meet fluctuations in load. Because of the quick burning qualities of soft coal, this dual damper control is most important. More attention must be given to the fire in the case of a coking coal and the firing period is shorter with soft than hard coal. More air is needed to insure the combus- tion of soft coal than is needed for burning hard coal. Soft coal burning furnaces and boilers have slotted firepots or air blasts in the feed door and in the side of the com- bustion chamber to introduce heated air. OOME r-TURNBUCKLE END OF ROD STRAP IRON } Up SrarPEneo lid ») CHAIN CHAINS FOR SUPPORTING COMBUSTION CHAMBER AIR SUPPLY PIPES Method of cunpend- FIREBOX A furnace or boiler ordinarily used for hard coal can be changed over for soft coal more efficiently if some similar provision is made to get heated air into the firepot above the fire. Three simple methods of introducing air into the combustion chamber are shown, No measurements are given, as various types and sizes of heaters differ. In the first case shown, the perforated metal feed door lining was removed and covered with sheet asbestos except for a rectangular space at the top. This slot corresponded to and fitted against the open mouth of a sheet metal air conveyor. It was 1% in. high, made of heavy gage black iron, per- forated on four sides to let the heated air escape to mix with the products of com- bustion. The other two methods are an tions, using sheet metal funnels and wrought iron pipe suspended over the fire. The mouth of the funnel should fit snugly against an asbestos board lining fitted into the back of the feed door, so that the air can be admitted through the regular sliding check draft into the pipe. In some cases the funnel can be ar- ranged to fit di- rectly against the check draft open- ing when it is cir- cular without us- ing the asbestos board to form an intermediate air chamber, but this is only when the _ perforated plate on the in- side of the door casting has been omitted. The sheet metal or pipe air inlet may be suspended in any convenient way. In many instances it is necessary merely to lay a rod across a natural ledge in the upper part of the firebox, and where the dome is a single casting, without any ledges or irregularities, it is usually possible to use a turnbuckle and rods to form the support. Whether you have been using anthracite or bituminous in the past, you will find coke a satisfactory substitute. The reason (Continued on page 101) SHEET METAL CUT TO FIT GRATE AND PUNCHED FULL HOLES. ‘Adapting grates for wood Hearing the Bedtime Stories With his Big Brother’s Stromberg-Carlson Radio Head Set this little fellow knows the enjoyment of wireless en- tertainment—stories, music, baseball news, etc. This Stromberg-Carlson Head Set is extremely sensi- tive, reproduces accurately faint long distance signals, and is unsurpassed for com- fort and adjustability. It is designed with a forked cord, so that the receivers may be separated, thus permitting two persons to “listen in” simultaneously with the one head set. Made by a firm with 28 years’ experience in designing and manufacturing high-grade tele- phone and radio apparatus. Other Stromberg-Carl- son Specialties include the “Universal Radio Plug” and various styles of “Radio Jacks,” all of which are quickly attachable to all stand- ard equipment. Stromberg-Carlson apparatus may be obtained from your electrical merchandise dealer, or write for free bulletin 1029 P.S., describing exclusive Stromberg - Carlson features. STROMBERG-CARLSON TELEPHONE MFG. CO. Rochester, N. Y. engineerin ng Equipment Co. |

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December, 1922 THE HOME WORKSHOP How to Burn Substitute Fuels (Continued from page 100) it is better than soft coal is because it is clean, requires less attention, and gives a more uniform temperature. As coke burns rapidly, the air supply through the ashpit should be limited. Adjust the dampers so that it burns slowly and evenly. If the draft is strong, it may be necessary to use two dampers as for bituminous coal. ' An effective fuel combination is a mix- ture of soft and small sized hard coal in the proportions of two thirds and one third, although the per- spaces (fl varied to suit the ; draft available. Wood can be burned in almost any coal furnace Another arrangement or stove if the for burning wood grate is partly covered with a piece of sheet iron or firebricks to reduce the draft. A deep bed of ashes can be kept on the grate and two dampers used in the smoke pipe to cut down the draft | so that the wood will be burned slowly. | It is not generally known that a cord of the heavier woods, such as oak, beech, | hard maple, elm and longleaf pine, has the same heating value as a ton of coal. If medium or light wood is used, from 14% to 2 cords is necessary to produce the same amount of heat. To get the same number of heat units, 2 lbs. of wood must be burned to 1 |b. of coal. The important point in firing soft coal is not to spread fresh fuel over the entire sur- face of the fire, since bituminous coal requires more air immediately after firing than either anthracite or coke. The partly burned coal from which the gas has been driven should be raked to one part of the fire and fresh coal thrown on the remaining portion. The new fuel then ignites slowly and the combustible gas is gradually driven off, and the live coals from the previous fire heat the gas and air go- ing through the fuel bed, so that the largest possible portion of the gas is burned before it leaves the firepct. The way to start a coke fire is to feed a 6-in. layer of coke on wood kindlings after they are well ignited. When the coke is caught, fill the firebox and cut down the drafts by closing the ashpit door and re- ducing the chimney draft until the coke will just continue to burn. Keep the fire- box filled completely in order to prevent sudden blazing up, the formation of clink- ers, and the burning out of the grates. The fire is cleaned out in the usual man- ner except that it is best to allow an inch or two of ashes to remain on the grates. The best method of burning wood in a furnace is to keep the firepot filled with short blocks from 8 to 12 in. long, packed close, with a moderate draft. To bank the fire, use a supply of extra large blocks and close the dampers tight. It is well to add a little nut coal to the fire at the start and allow a layer of coal ashes to remain on the grates. . MODERATE DRAFT. How to fire wood in a furnace centages can be | Whatever You Wish to Count— Here are Veeder Counters for recording that very thing. Either illustrated here or in the Veeder booklet—for which you are welcome to send. Production Counters, that tell what your machines produce and ought to produce. Automatically giving you the records which make for improvement—both in developing machines and making better producers of workmen. Hand Tally Counters for counting by the mere pressure of your thumb, anything from packages to people! And Speed Counters for finding revolutions-per-minute of machinery. EVERY needed counting device, of the finest manufacture, is found among This Small Rotary Ratchet Coun- ter (No. 6) counts reciprocating move- ments of the lever, as required for record- ing the output of many small machines. When the lever mis moved through an j angle of 40 to 60 degrees, the counter regis- ters one. The further the lever is moved, the higher the number registered. A complete revolution of the lever registers ten. This counter can be adapted to no end of counting purposes, by regulating the throw of the lever. Price, $2.00. (Cut nearly full size.) Small Revolution Counter of’ similar model, also $2.00. Speed Counter Here’s *the handiest instrument for finding revolutions-per-minute of a shaft or flywheel. You hold the tip of the counter against end of revolving shaft; press lightly when the second hand of your watch comes to O; release pressure when minute is up. A spring clutch controls the recording mechanism. (Cut less than 4 size.) The Veeder Speed Counter enables you to keep motors, engines, generators, line shafting and machines operating at efficient speeds. Price, with two rubber tips (as illustrated) $3.50. COUNTERS The above Revolution Set-Back Counter records the output of any machine where a shaft-revolution indi- cates an operation. Sets back to zero from any figure by turning knob once round. Supplied with from four to ten figure-wheels, as required. Price with four figure-wheels, as illustrated, $10.00 —subject to discount. Cut less than one-half size. Set-Back Rotary Ratchet Counter, to record reciprocating move- ments as on punch presses, $11.50 (list). Hand Tally The Hand Tally illustrated below is used for counting anything from number of people attending a ball game, to number of packages in an inventory. In the public place it counts persons; in_ the factory or store it counts stock; in the “open” it may count anything from cattle on a ranch, to poles on a telephone line! Registers one for each pressure of the thumb lever; counts up to 10,000, then repeats. Can be set back to zero from any figure by turning knob once round. Size, exclusive of finger ring, 2 inches greatest diameter. Price, $5.00. Scores of counter types not illustrated here await your inspection in the new Veeder booklet. Costs you nothing to see them—beyond a letter requesting the booklet. Let it go in today’s mail. The Veeder Mfg. Co. 44 Sargeant St., Hartford, Conn.

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wooDW ORK and FUR segue os — FREE-This Book on Home Beautifying yORS. NS’ ‘ E SON. Aut orities 56. ne jOH the Wood | inishing RACINE: wis.

HIS book tells how to fin- ish wood in artistic stained and enameled effects. Gives practical suggestions on mak- ing your home artistic, cheery and inviting. Tells just what materials to use and how to apply them. Includes color _card—gives coloring capaci- ties, ‘etc. Use coupon below. JOHNSON’S WOOD DYE With Johnson’s Wood Dye in- expensive soft woods, such as pine, cypress, fir, etc., may be finished so they are as beauti- ful and artistic as hardwood. Johnson’s Wood Dye is very easy to apply—it goes on easily

in 4 hours and does not rub off or smudge. Full instructions for finishing

all wood—old or new—soft or hard, are given in the book.

S. C. JOHNSON & SON, Dept. P. S. 12 Racine, Wis. (Canadian Factory—Brantford) Please send me free and postpaid your Instruction The best dealer in paints here is - and quickly, without a lap or a . streak. It penetrates deeply, , bringing out the beauty of the grain without raising it—dries bel g *°s_. dy | Sal Tt: ~: Ss: a: a oe eee as

few drops of oil will often float on the water and if a piece of paper is placed on the surface, it will absorb the paint. This is the principle on which marbled paper is made. Fill a shallow dish or photographic tray with water into which some gum tragacanth has been dissolved. The solu- tion must be almost as thin as water but sufficiently gelatinous to support the dilut-

Spattering the paint on the solution ed oil paint on its surface. Then dilute artists’ oil colors with turpentine, keeping each color in its own dish. The next step is to spatter the paint with

be used alone plus paint, and dry. The pattern can drawing a match through the spattered paint, by rocking the tray, or by blowing on the paint covered sur- face of the water. To make fancy gift boxes, any cardboard containers can be covered with the marble paper either wholly or with panels. ‘ For a waste-paper basket, a plain basket may be purchased or made, then covered. A good size for the panels is 9 by 15 in. “ and the up- rights may be 1% or 1% in. square and - 18 in. long.

A film of color adheres to the paper

AS Abonus for noteworthy ideas con- tributed to the Home Workshop each month, POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY awards a first prize of $15 and a second prize of $10. These are given in addition to the usual space rates. Your article or letter may treat of any subject of interest to Home Workshop readers and should be illustrated with whatever diagrams, sketches or photo- graphs are necessary to explain the idea.

Your *‘Best Idea’? May Win a $10 or $15 Prize and E. D. Ivory, of Pittsburg, Pa., “High Cost of Water Heating and How to Reduce It’’ (see page 120). Griffith, Baltimore, Md., bile Is Realistic Model of Sport Car’ (see page 136). The prize-winners for December are: FIRST PRIZE, $15, John H. Schalek, SECOND PRIZE, $10, Forrest L. “Toy Automo-

tap to remove the sur- be varied simply by

ado] equi add mer exc whi On rail Swi sor stc

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December, 1922

THE HOME WORKSHOP

Novel Toys for Christmas (Continued from page 77) adopted for the railroad and lettered on the equipment, its likeness to a real railroad adding immeasurably to a child’s enjoy- ment of the toy. The electric circuit offers no difficulties, except when track switches are used, in which case look out for short circuits. One pole of the battery is attached to one rail and the other pole to the other rail, a

Blueprint Gives Working Details of Christmas Toys T° SIMPLIFY the making of these thre2 toys—electric train, kiddie broncho, and doll’s house—as much as possible, the Home Workshop Depart- ment has prepared a blueprint giving the complete working details and lists of the necessary materials. This may be obtained by sending 25 cents to the Blueprint Editor for Blueprint No. 14.

of course, to use metal clips in joining sec- tions of the rail so that there will be a good electric circuit throughout. For Little Horsemen—The kiddie bron- cho is a toy for the smaller kiddies. It can be adapted to the individual stature of the prospective horseman by altering the height of the seat, although 13 in. will be found a good average. The body of the horse can be made either of 14-in. soft wood glued up to form a three- ply thickness of 114 in. or from solid 1%-in. hard wood. The home worker, who has to cut out the body by hand with a compass- or coping-saw, will find it easier to use 14-in. stock. The pieces can then be cut separately before being glued up, but care must be taken to lay out the work so that the grain (Continued on page 104)

Coupon for Ordering Blueprint Blueprint Service Dept. Popular Science Monthly 225 West 39th St., New York GENTLEMEN: Send me the blueprint, or blueprints, I have checked below, for which I in- close....cents in stamps or coin: No. Title Price a. Bewing TOMS. «.....26:06023 25c¢ O 2. Smoking Cabinet.......... 25c & 3. Book Trough End Table... .25c oO 4. 30-ft. Monoplane Glider... .50c O 5, Kitchen Cabinet........... asc LI 6. V.T. Radio Receiving Set... 25c | 8. Shaving Cabinet........... ase LI 9. Arbor with Gate ard Seats. . 25c CO 10. Porch Gwitg .......6.5... 25¢ C) 11. Bench and Tilt-Top Table..25¢ L1 12. Electric Washing Machine. . 25¢ a) 13. Tea Wagon......... ...... ase LJ O) 14. Toys—Train, Horse, and House Te eRee se ee eR ee oe ee 2 ee ee ae ee ee ee

switch being interposed in the circuit at | some convenient place for starting and | stopping the train. Care should be taken, |

“A ROOM AT A TIME SO THE COST WON'T CLIMB"

bali} | i! lie 1249 Poydras Building, New Orleans, Louisiana s ec ——- or 1249 Graham Building, Jacksonville, Florida a ee me Insist on TRADE-MARKED CYPRESS at your local lumber dealer's. If he hasn't it please advise us promptly and we will see that you are supplied.

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patie IS ATR Se SS GS Ass Liner’ ll nae et AO PIN iS igs | 106 Popular Science Monthly ‘a The Only Authentic Book on the Construction and Operation of “The Armstrong Super-Regenerative Circuit” Described fully in 52 pages Including 21 photographs and Hook-Ups in simple non-technical radio language. George J. Eltz, Jr. E. 3 poy This set built by the author E. A.LE.E. a Sask soe Riennlate Description of Each of the Three Circuits Invented by MAJOR E. H. ARMSTRONG, E. E. How to Change a Regenerative Circuit to a Super-Regenerative Circuit Price $1.00 Per Copy Mailed or at your dealer (DO NOT SEND STAMPS) RADIO DIRECTORY and PUBLISHING CO. 45 VESEY STREET (Room 106) NEW YORK CITY NOTIC The third edition of the AMATEUR RADIO CALL BOOK is now ready. Mailed to you on receipt of $1.00. (Do not send stamps.) EE ee Sr FE she T asm PO Se _ Tikes ee &, ee ao aati “$s 1 ee Serer RES... oor oe en rae SL en Air ee Be a Chiropractor Study Chiropractic at the Fountain Head— The Palmer School in Davenport R-Sf Ze Chiropractic is the adjust- oa ment, with the hands, of the movable segments of the spinal column to normal po- sition for the purpose of re- leasing the prisoned impulse. By it thousands have regain- ed health and happiness. : The field for Chiropractors is unlimited. People will pay almost anything to be relieved of disease. Palmer grad- uates have met with remarkable success because they afe trained properly under competent instructors. Write for prospectus—learn Chiropractic. SCHOOL OF The Palmer CHIROPRACTIC (CHIROPRACTIC FOUNTAIN HEAD) 11th and Brady Streets DAVENPORT, IOWA We Have No Branches or Affiliated Schools B. J. PALMER President THE HOME WORKSHOP Novel Toys for Christmas (Continued from page 103) of the center piece or core is at right angles to the grain of the outer pieces. This cross- ing of the grain gives the three-ply method of construction exceptional strength, pro- vided it is kept well painted to prevent the glue from softening. If solid stock is to be used, a turning-saw or a foot-power or motor-driven jig, fret or bandsaw will rough out the shape in a short time without any waste of labor. The body of the horse is jointed directly in front of the seat of the saddle, so that in steering, the whole fore part turns. The front wheels are bolted directly to the horse with only washers between them and the body and they turn as a unit in steering. The rear wheels are 10 in. apart and are attached to a wooden axle by means of washers and cotter pins. Has a Cowboy’s Saddle The saddle is of the Texas variety. The seat is a shaped board screwed in a recess in the horse’s body and reinforced with brackets on both sides. The rear edge is beveled to fit against another piece of wood that forms the cantle. The pommel is a projection left in the upper profile of the front part of the horse and attached to its sides are blocks that serve as handlebars. These are an auxiliary means for steering, which is mainly done by means of the reins. To give better leverage, these are not attached directly to the horse’s head but to a short length of 3¢-in. dowel passing through the mouth, as shown. The stirrups, made of strap iron screwed to wooden foot pieces, are attached to the saddle with ordinary school straps. Leather thongs further ornament the saddle. If left long enough, they can be used to tie up the stirrup under the girth, the stirrup being useful only when the kiddie broncho is used for coasting. Such items as the saddle leathers, fancy stitching, and other features of a cowboy’s saddle can be imitated with paint, upon the skilful use of which will depend much of the appearance of the completed toy. A Model Doll’s House—The doll’s house is one to delight the heart of any little girl. It is a small model of a real house, with living-room, dining-room, and kitchen on the first floor, and two bedrooms and a bathroom on the second. To provide ample room for toy furniture, the doll’s house is made a good size—3 ft. long, 20 in. wide, and 3 ft. high to the ridgepole. Making the Framework A substantial wooden framework braced in the center, is first made for the base and another similar one to support the ceiling of the second floor. Three light frames of 14-in. stock are then made for the ends and the main central partition, and another for the side that is closed in. The end and side frames are nailed or screwed securely to the horizontal frames and a light slat is put in place to serve as a ridgepole. The roof, which consists either of beveled siding or, if time permits, of: regular shingles cut down to one third their original size, is then put on. Wallboard is glued and tacked to the out- side of the wall frames, and it also can be (Continued on poge 105) December No used for as well a and doo! rabbetec eut in 1 either | solidly i wood a comme! prove | pleting Wall three-f to the a shee the to secon¢ in pla of the board finish room priat if pr can | A arou the side

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December, 1922 — THE HOME WORKSHOP Novel Toys for Christmas (Continued from page 104) used for the roof, but it will not look quite as well as siding or shingles. The window and door frames are made by gluing small rabbeted pieces of wood around openings cut in the wallboard. The shutters can r either be made of wallboard and glued a Vise solidly in place, or constructed of cigar-box a wood and hinged with strips of linen or Price $7.40 commercial adhesive tape. The latter will Jaws are of tough z steel, scored and prove useful for many purposes in com- | case hardened. pleting the house. a -s 2 1/2 Wallboard or, if expense is no object, Smaller clamp-on three-ply oak veneer, is glued and bradded — = 22 to the base frame to form the first floor, and po gag A ed a sheet of wallboard is tacked underneath | ffom1linchto2 1/4 the top frame to serve as a ceiling for the on second floor. The second floor is then put in place, supported on cleats, and the inside 66 e of the wall frames are covered with wall- P h Ww board. Ifthe wallboard has a cream pebbly ry t ese ja S apart finish it will do as it is for the walls of the e 99 rooms, but it can be painted any appro- t priate tint, each room a different color or, 4 you can if preferred, wallpaper with a fine figure can be pasted on it. rT; 9 A length of molding or a plain strip is run You can try to separate them, says around the base to give a finishing touch to Mr. Punch, but you ll have a tough er — —— — = the — job on your hands. This Goodell-Pratt sides are also trimmed with strips, as shown : . » in iin eneias Ghehaanani ak anne €T. Bench Vise is a regular bulldog when it comes to holding on to metal. And it Finishing and Furnishing the House will hold a hair just as tightly.” As much care as time will permit should ’ a be given to the finishing and furnishing of This Bench Vise is the only one made the house. The outside should be painted with the same two-guide-rod construction. or enameled in a body color, which, if the Th erg eit J 4 - d wishes of the children are consulted, will be anese %-inch stee guide-rods are presse quite brilliant, probably red, green, or into the movable jaws and run-in long | ae — — pow! Ps reamed holes back under the small anvil, chimney red, with white lines to represent so that no play is possible. Special brickwork. Stripes on the ends and closed threads on the feed screw and diameter side will serve to represent siding or, if the ; ; house is to be red or brown, it can be lined of the guide rods ove unusual strength. out to look like brick or stone. . : The floors should be varnished or stained The design, workmanship, and finish and varnished. In the house shown, which “+ of this and all other. Goodell-Pratt Tools was constructed by George Stolz, of White olen. the Leeda 3 f Plains, N. J., the floors are oak veneer 3/16 make them splendid investments for men in. thick with pencil stripes 34 in. apart, who want good tools. They are made by so that they are a very good imitation of men who are first in their profession— hardwood flooring. Doll furniture, cur- in de d 1 d iat tains, rugs, portiéres, pictures, a kitchen men who Know a g00 tool and appreciate range and no end of accessories were used what it can do. in furnishing this house, but ordinarily these can be supplied from time to time so that the children themselves will take part in equipping their doll’s house. Your hardware dealer has Goodell- Pratt Tools or can easily get them. Meanwhile, write for a copy of our free illustrated catalog No. 14, fully describing all the Goodell-Pratt 1500 Good Tools. An Electric Lamp Goldfish Bowl Arrears bowls for small goldfish may be made from 750- and 1000-watt electric lamps. A hole is burned near the top of the bulb with a torch or cut out with a dia- mond andthelamp is filled with water. One or two fish are > placed in it and the lamp is then mounted on a mo- gul socket. The water must be changed every other day and the fish fed regular- ly.—M. T. GOODELL-PRATT COMPANY Fecmith Greenfield, Mass., U. S. A. HOLE IN BULB ~ i ae ae he \ iaek AW =e E GOODELL-PRATT: 1500 GOOD TOOLS —

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i eg AE NS ives Canoe ee ee - earn Se RS pears wert See Rae} tf eek oe TS A cae a ERS acm em sameness Wht ou wens SS eile allele REED “‘Red Devil’® Rapid Boring Auger Bite are 334% % easier boring, have 10% greater clear- ance and bore with or agains! the grain of any Wood. Style 2400—10/16 in. shown here 75c ied Dewil/ Reg. U. S. Pat. Off. Slip Joint Plier One pair for the home, one pair for the car ERE are many oc- asions when you need a pair badly. ee You will find >». ‘RedDevils’’ IY as useful as d your _ right " hand for a hs great many al ™) odd repair jobs. The slip joint extends the jaws beyond those of the average plier, multiplying its handiness. Has a thin nose, handy for working in tight places. The newly designed, well- proportioned handles fit the hand snugly and increase the leverage power. The name “Red Devil’ on a plier is a pledge that it is the best of its kind made— that it is well balanced and expertly designed and man- ufactured. Forged of stee] for strength and backbone, Your hardware dealer will gladly show you a pair, or send $1.00 direct for a pair. Men- tion style 1024—61%4 inch. Mechanics’ - Tool Booklet Free “Red Devil’? Tools— American made SMITH & HEMENWAY CO., Inc. Manufacturers of ‘‘Red Devil’’ Tools 264 Broadway New York, N. Y. “Red Devil’’ Glass Cutters—the glaziers’ standard tools of the world. “It’s all in the wheel.”” Made in 40 styles. No.024 shown below, 20c. THE HOME WORKSHOP Novel Ski Coaster Is a Speedy, Durable Sled ‘Tas ski coasting sled will be found speedier than the ordinary toboggan, and as it is of good width and the seat as low as possible, it will not turn over easily. It is an inexpensive and easily made sled. For the runners 2 ash boards 10 ft. long, 6 in. wide, and 34 or % in. thick are re- quired. These must be steamed in order to bend them to the regular ski curve. Wrap the wood with several thicknesses of burlap or cloth at the ends where the curve is to be formed and pour boiling water over the bagging until the fibers of the wood have softened and the sticks are fairly pliable. This usually takes about half an hour. The bagging should then be removed and wEIGHT 77 BLOCK MORTISED. TO TAKE SEAT BAR The completed coaster and method of making skis and seat blocks the runners bent gradually, either by the method shown or by using a form built up from heavy stock. The runners are spaced 20 in. apart. The blocks are sawed from 1)-in. ash or oak, and mortised in their upper faces to take the seat bars. Each block is 6 in. wide at the bottom, 3% in. wide at the top, and 4 in. high, and fastened in place with 3 counter- sunk screws. The seat bars are 26 in. long, 2 in. wide, and 1\% in. thick. They should be a snug fit in the slotted blocks and screwed in place. The seat is formed of 3 boards, the center board 12 in. wide and the others 3 in., all 6 ft. long and 34 or % in. thick. Fasten them firmly by screwing to the seat bars. To protect the ends of the runners, a for- ward bar 82 in. long, 2 in. wide, and 5¢ in. thick is screwed to the inside of the curved ends. Screweyes are turned in the center of the ski ends for the rope. A sled of this kind is well worth painting. The bottom of the runners should be given two coats of boiled linseed oil to preserve the wood and the tops finished with spar varnish. The seat blocks and bars may be painted a brilliant red and the top of the seat an emerald green.—C. S. TAYLOR. Facts and Figures on Heating TON of 2000 lbs. of bituminous coal requires 40 cu. ft. of space for storage, as compared with 36 cu. ft. for a ton of anthracite. One square foot of grate in a low pressure steam heater will consume from 3 to 5 lbs. of hard coal an hour. One square inch of grate is sufficient, undeb favorable conditions, to provide 1 sq. ft. of direct steam radiation in medium size heaters. This approximation of the amount of radiation should be increased for large size and reduced for smaller radiators. a The Monarch Junior Lathe is also made in a larger size, with I1 inches swing, at slightly higher price, Full details on request. Monarch Jr. $"' Lathe Here’s the Lathe You’ve Long Been Looking For Inventors—Experimenters— Mechanics—Auto Repairmen— here’s the lathe that will exactly answer your requirements for a small, compact and trouble-proof tool for your workshop. The MONARCH Junior 9” Engine Lathe is fully equipped—has a 2)4-foot bed— semi-quick change gear—bench legs—and automatic safety devices. It will do any small work that any other lathe will do and do it with 1/1000 of an inch accuracy. Built with bed lengths up to 5 feet. Write today for Free Catalog of MONARCH Lathes which are built up to 30 inches swing. THE MONARCH MACHINE TOOL CO. 401 Oak Street - - Sidney, O. —Nota ie , Letme show zou how to make your mind as fo’ roof as a card index file When you wis: Seoeestlemannha must you grope in vain in api le of miscel- laneous knowledge? Summoned to give facts and figures does your en become a blank? Be master of your mind’s infinite resources —instead of a victim of its disordered details. KNOWLEDGE IS POWER and Memory Is the Basis of All Knowledge I Have Helped Thousands The Dickson Method of Memoryand Mental Training, parrentes by 20 years experience, is recognized as the most thoro, efficient of its kind. Highly endorsed—easy to master. Give me 10 minutes a day and I will train — Memory so you can classify ideas, names etc., and reeall them instantly. ‘Develops eet self- control, concentration; overcomes bashful: Perfect Your Memory and Command What Salary You Will Send name and address and I, will ound pen. free, my interesting booklet,‘‘How to member,’’ and unique om bo ecgre — ory wep a Dickson nasal Schesl f Dept. 929 . Popular Science M onthly NEW SINGLE PHASE A. C. MOTORS) \% FS 10 EMERSON volt, cycle, 1725 _ = speed, 74 WP. $58.00 A\1 WLP. 62.00 114 HP. 75.00 2 HP. 89.00 Include Pulley and se- All Motors. cord, plug and grooved S ley - - $13.00 General Electric 4 H.P. $16.50 ONE YEAR or larger, %HWP. 39.00 GUARANTEE flog Vo Mg Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded Illustrated Catalog of Motors and Supplies FREE woc BC age can sect pro? spu sect fast woo cop wot wit Bru ope to | to bru lig] otk col wil pas is | HYRE ELECTRIC CO., 625X So. Dearborn St., CHICAGO

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= Da... OF PGE T Or — rr oo@geegaqo = December, 1922 a) ———————— THE HOME WORKSHOP —_—— Simple Mechanism Flashes Christmas Tree Lights HEN the Christmas-tree lights flash on and off alternately, first one color and then another, and again all aglow, the peauty of the lighting effect is considerably enhanced. The method for producing this is similar to that used in flashing large electric signs and is quite simple in its appli- cation. The only materials required are a toy motor and battery and odds and ends of strip copper or brass. The rotor of the flasher is a cylindrical piece of wood, with a piece of wire driven through the center as a shaft, mounted be- tween angle irons. On one end is attached a spur wheel of an old alarm clock, which meshes with a worm gear on the motor shaft. In the flasher described, a 6-volt toy motor was used, but a motor of lower volt- SPACES A toy motor turns the flasher drum, against which press the circuit- breaking brushes age will do, provided that enough power can be obtained to revolve the rotor. A section of a screw, the threads of which ap- proximately correspond to the pitch of the spur gear, will do for the driving worm. A sheet of brass or copper, with as many sections cut out as there are to be flashes, is fastened to the cylinder with countersunk wood screws. The brushes are strips of copper or brass mounted on a block of wood. Brush A is continually in contact with the copper covering on the cylinder. Brushes B and C are in contact until an open or cut-out space is reached. What Keeps the Lights Burning One wire from the battery goes directly to both sets of lights. The other wire goes to brush A. The wires leading from brushes B and C go to the other side of the lights, from B to one set and from C to the other. As long as brushes B and C are in contact with the copper surface, the lights will burn, but as soon as an open space is broken and the lights go out. The lights may be made to flash as often as desired by varying the number of open spaces. Addi- tional series of lights may be employed by increasing the number of cur- rent breaking brushes. Where house current LIGHTS Wiring diagram of the flasher the electric lamps and driving the motor, taking care that the proper connections are made, or the house current may be used for the lights and a small battery for the motor. If it is necessary to reduce the speed of the motor to make the flashes longer and the motor itself is not variable, a small rheostat (Continued on pace 108) D a passes under one of the brushes, the circuit is available, it may be used for lighting ' The daily actions of most of us are influenced by the mes- sages received over the tele- phone, and yet few of us stop to think of the men and women, and the mechanisms, which help to make that daily service possible. Maintenance, repairs, and the work of handling calls, must constantly be carried on in good times or in bad, and they must be paid for, in order that your telephone service may be continued. The average dollar will buy to-day less than two-thirds of what it would buy before the war. This means that it costs, Better Service The Dollar on the average, half as much again to buy most of the things that are necessary for keeping the country going; but the ad- vance in telephone rates is far less than this average. In fact, gauged by the pres- ent purchasing power of the dollar, telephone service in the country as a whole is costing the subscriber less than it did in 1914. The Bell System generally has been able to meet higher commodity prices and in- creased wages by means of new economies in operation and the increased efficiency of loyal employees. “BELL SYSTEM” AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES One Policy, One System, Universal Service, and all directed toward Lost Tools — Lost Time — Money Lost! TOOLS KEPT IN A UNION TOOL CHEST are protected from dust, rust, loss or theft; easy to find and always ready for use. We have prepared a booklet illustrating and describing many different patterns. Send for it, or ask your hardware dealer to show you Union Tool Chests. UNION TOOL CHEST CO. 24 Mill St., Rochester, N. Y. 8 HR BATTERY CHARGING ® Pays Big Steady Profits $1500 to $3000 a year easily made with new HB Constant Potential 8-Hour Battery Charger. Feats all old meth- ods. Increases business, de- creases expense. No repairs, no experience needed to oper- ate. Small cash payment, balance easy terms. Money- back guarantee. Write for in- formation. HOBART BROS, CO:, Box P12. Troy, Ohio, How to Run a Lathe An 80- e book for 10c, P*Postpaid, Coin or Stamps. SOUTH BEND LATHES | Standard Change Gear 9"'x 3' Lathe.. 11'"'x 4' Lathe.. Quick Change Gear he seal $ 176.00 9"'x 3' Lathe.........$ 216.00 ec ceee 228.00 | 11''x 4' Lathe......... 276.00 iy. wiekooe 304.00 | 13''x 5' Lathe......... 354.00 ake walt 376.00 15'"'x 6' Lathe......... 431.00 Seceigicta . 452.00 | 16''x 8' Lathe......... 512.00 creer, . 656.00 | 18''x10' Lathe......... 721.00 oe - 933.00 | 21''x12' Lathe......... 1,016.00 a . 1,254.00 | 24''x14' Lathe......... 1,353.00 SOUTH BEND LATHE WORKS, 433 E. Madison St., SOUTH BEND, IND. Send for Free Catalog No. 77

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108 No. 2500 2000 Ohms, $6.00 ‘ No. 2501 3000 Ohms, $7.00 Genendled Cord Tips ee is an important feature of the Manhattan Headset. Concealed cord tips have two real advantages. The first is the elimination of all possibility of unbalancing the recsiving set and decreasing the strength of the signals by having the hand come in con- tact with exposed cord tips or terminals. The loss of strength due to this contact is often as great as 50%. Manhattan Headsets have concealed cord tips. By enclosing the cord tips, all obstructions on the outside of the receiver are removed and the smooth molded case will not scratch the handsomest fur- niture. The Manhattan Headset case is free of obstructions. In addition, the cords of the Manhattan Headset case are de- signed with two other important features. 1. Strain on the terminals is relieved by a tie-cord at- tached to a small eyelet in the case. 2. The polarity of the cords is indicated and the termi- nals within the receiver case marked. This permits the headset to be correctly con- nected in the circuit to give the best results. Manhattan Headsets are prized alike by professional and amateur operators. Identify them by the ‘‘M-Flash-Seal’”’ on the back of each receiver case. Look for it when buying your Headset. It is your guarantee of Manhattan quality. M:ANHATTAN ELECTRICAL SUPPLY CO. INC. Makers of the Famous Red Seal Dry Batteries NEW YORK CHICAGO 17 Park Place 114 So. Wells St. ST. LOUIS SAN FRANCISCO 1106 Pine St. 604 Mission St. THE HOME WORKSHOP Simple Flasher for Christmas Tree (Continued from page 107) or an electric bulb in series with the motor may be used. When a storage battery pro- vides the current, an end cell can be brought into service for driving the motor by placing a screw in the connecting strap, as illus- trated, so that only two volts are supplied. Four Ways to Make Substantial Christmas-Tree Stands i le most substantial and prettiest Christmas-tree stand I have seen is one a marble contractor made for me in re- turn for a small favor. It is simply a cube of Vermont marble with the corners chipped off and a hole 2 in. in diameter bored in the center to receive the stem of the tree. Any one can make one of these stands if a block of stone can be obtained the right size. The corners can be taken off with sandpaper or emery cloth fastened to a strip of wood. Apply some water to make the work go faster. The hole can be bored with a 2-in. iron pipe with teeth cut around one end. If marble is not available, a well-formed stone will do, or a block can be made of concrete. A panel effect can be obtained with a concrete stand if thin pieces of board are nailed to the inside of the form or mold in the proper places. The resulting panels or depressions can be filled with colored cement, if desired. Any sharp edges can be rounded by rubbing the cement with a stone or hard block made of one part cement to two parts sand. A beautiful wooden stand may be made from a solid block of hard wood finished with moldings, carved, or even ornamented with painted designs.—P. A. DASCHKE, Astoria, N. Y. 4 : Neem \ ——h eas o> | ei =f ty : 1 | : } STONE CONCRETE MARBLE: > VOODEN BLOC WITH MOLDINGS Variations of the usual Christmas-tree stand that are easily made What Is the Ideal Home Workshop Bench ? HE first essential in the home workshop is a bench, and if you haven’t a good one, an exhaustive article inthe January Home Workshop will give you full information as to all the best types. These designs will include a cabinet workbench for the home worker. It is a bench that has three drawers for tools, an end cabinet for saws and steel square, and another cabinet for the drawingboard and T-square. It has the great advantage that it can be built easily without machine work, and o carefully has it been planned for Dadiedonl construction that the top, legs, and frame can be sawn out of a single maple plank with practically no waste. A thought on Yuletide giving And a few hints on how to fill Father’s stocking Another Christmas is rapidly rolling around. Another year when you have to sit down and think—and think hard—what to give Uncle Arthur, Father, Cousin Edward, Grandfather and the rest. Every man—well, nearly every man— likes nothing better than a good pipe, And the chances are that he will find at least one hanging on the Christmas tree and be tremendously pleased. Right there is your opportunity to give him something to go with the pipe. Not an ash tray. (He ly has dozens of them.) Nota metal container for safety matches. (He'll never carry the darnthing.) Send him some tobac- co. (That’s what menusually smoke in pipes.) So to Edgeworth smokers, to the friends of Edge- worth smokers, and to all others who may be interested, we respectfully offer this Christmas suggestion: a 16-ounce glass jar of Edgeworth Ready-Rubbed. You'll have to hunt far and wide to find the smoker who won’t be tickled to pieces to find a glass jar of Edgeworth beside his Christmas pipe. If he doesn’t get a Christmas pipe, he’ll enjoy the tobacco just as much in his old pipe. If your regular dealer hasn’t enough glass jars to supply the Christmas trade, let us play Santa Claus for you. Send ‘us $1.65 for each jar, a list of the friends you want to remember, and your personal greetings cards. We'll do the rest. We'll pack the glass jars in appropriate Christmas boxes, enclose your cards and send them off in plenty of time to reach your friends before Christmas. Meanwhile, if you are not personally acquainted with Edgeworth, we will be glad to send you free samples—generous helpings both of Edgeworth Ready-Rubbed and Plug Slice. Just send us your name and address on a postal and we will forward the samples promptly. If you will ‘also include the name and address of your tobacco dealer, we will appreciate your courtesy. For the Christmas packages or the free samples, address Larus & Brother Com- pany, 59 South 21st Street, Richmond, Va. To Retail Tobacco Merchants: If your jobber cannot supply you with Edgeworth, Larvs & Brother Company will gladly send you prepaid by parcel post a one- or two-dozen carton of any size of Edgeworth Plug Slice or Ready-Rubbed for the same price you would pay the jobber. Popular Science M onthly } Ze ber, = Skate a |i small ‘hard-pack steered ei The bo gin. hard two block goTTOM OF | FOR HEEL CLA Three sk: by 344 b with 134 The f fastened skate. slat by 1 with a> | Cut a pe | to take t The s the sam | to shoes tachable directly edges of | of paint Make | (Subm: pyYsl _» pol ‘extra 1 cedar st | lengths Then I | pole, w and cut | wings ¢ | place, s | this is | | pole is |and a Other a blac foldec where sion b

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nthly n ig olling down give ward, jan— pipe, 1d at tree ns of ot a ainer ety He'll ’ the Send ybac- what lly pes.) rorth the ‘dge- and may this rlass 2 to d to orth isn’t the ugh ade, the rour est. iate and ach iile, vith you of ice. on oles the ler, ree m- Va. our th, dly or rth me neember, 1922 109 _ THE HOME WORKSHOP i Skate Bob Speeds Over Ice or Hard Snow -THREE skates serve as runners for this IL small bob, which is a speedy sled on ‘hard-packed snow or ice. It can be steered either with hands or feet. The body is constructed mainly of 4% by 3in. hardwood slats. To these are screwed two blocks of hard wood cut from pieces 1% i | pOoTTOM OF BLOCK SHOWING POCKET 0: | fOR HEEL CLAMP a “_* | ——_ ee | Three skates clamp on sled to form runners by 314 by 1lin. Fasten the parts together with 134-in. screws. The foot bar is shaped as shown and fastened to another block for the forward skate. This unit is attached to the middle slat by means of a 4-in. bolt, 24 in. long, with a washer on top and one between. Cut a pocket in the under side of the block ‘to take the nut. The skates are clamped to the blocks in 'the same way they ordinarily are attached ‘toshoes. If the skates are not of the de- tachable variety, they should be screwed directly to the blocks. Sandpaper the edges of the wood and finish with two coats of paint.—DONALD W. CLARK. | Makes $100 at Christmas with | Totem Pole Calendars | By C. A. Strable | (Submitted in the ‘‘How I Made Money | with My Tools’’ Contest) | ny SELLING gaily colored Indian totem © pole calendars, I am able to earn $100 ‘extra money at Christmas. Some 3-in. | cedar strips, }4 in. thick, are cut into 14-in. ilengths and planed down very smooth. Then I transfer my pattern of the totem | pole, which is drawn on paper, to the wood and cut it out to shape with a fretsaw. The wings are cut out separately and housed in place, so that the grain will run lengthwise; this is to make them stronger. The totem pole is then painted in bright Indian colors /and a calendar tacked at the bottom. wm) f] A profitable pastime Other patterns are also made; for instance, a black cat and a totem pole with the wings folded so that it can be mailed more easily. I take the calendars to several stores, where they are placed on sale on a commis- sion basis. Last year I sold all I could make. Can You Guess This Man’s Age? See if You Can Tell Within 25 Years; The Author Couldn’t; But He Stuck With Hobart Bradstreet Until He Re- vealed His Method of Staying Young By WILLIAM R. DURGIN USED to pride myself on guessing people’s ages. That was before I met Hobart . Bradstreet, whose age I missed by a quarter-century. But before — you how old he really is, let me say this: My meeting-up with Bradstreet I count the luckiest day of my life. For while we often hear how our minds and bodies are about 50% efficient—and at times feel it to be the truth—he knows why. Further- more, he knows how to overcome it—in five minutes—and he showed me how. This man offers no such bromides as setting-up exercises, deep-breathing, or any of those things you know at the outset you'll never do. He uses a principle that is the foundation of all chiropractic, na- prapathy, mechano-therapy, and even osteopathy. Only he does not touch a hand to you; it isn’t necessary. The reader will grant Bradstreet’s method of -staying young worth knowing and using, when told that its originator (whose photograph reproduced here was taken a month ago) is sixty-five years old! And here is the secret: he keeps his spine a half inch longer than it ordinarily would measure. Any man or woman who thinks just one- half inch elongation of the spinal column doesn’t make a difference should try it! It iseasy enough. I'll tell you how. First, though, you may be curious to learn why a full-length spine puts one in an entirely new class physically. The spinal column is a series of tiny bones, between which are pads or cushions of cartilage. Nothing in the ordinary activities of us humans stretches the spine. So it ‘‘settles’’ day by day, until those once soft and resilient pads become thin as a safety-razor blade— and just about as hard. One’s spine (the most wonderfully designed shock-absorber known) is then an unyielding column that transmits every shock straight to the base of the brain. Do you wonder folks have backaches and headaches? That one’s nerves pound toward the end of a hard day? Or that a nervous system may periodically go to pieces? For every nerve in one’s body connects with the spine, which is a sort of central switchboard. When the “insula- tion,” or cartilage, wears down and flattens out, the nerves are exposed, or even im- pinged—and there is trouble on the line. Now, for proof that sublaxation of the spine causes most of the ills and ailments which spell ‘‘age’’ in men or women. Flex your spine—“‘shake it out’’— and they will disappear. You'll feel the difference in ten minutes. At least, I did. It’s no trick to secure complete spinal laxation as Bradstreet does it. But like everything else, one must know how. No amount of violent exercise will do it, not even chopping wood. As for walking, or golfing, your spine settles down a bit firmer with each step. Mr. Bradstreet has evolved from his 25- year experience with spinal mechanics a simple, boiled-down formula of just five movements. Neither takes more than one minute, so it means but five minutes a day. But those movements! I never experienced such compound exhilaration before. I was a good subject for the test, for I went into it with a dull headache. At the end of the second movement I thought I could actually feel my blood circulating. The third move- ment in this remarkable SpINE-MOTION series brought an amazing feeling of exhilaration. One motion seemed to open and shut my backbone like a jack-knife. I asked about constipation. He gave me HOBART BRADSTREET THE MAN WHO DECLINES TO GROW OLD another motion—a peculiar, writhing and twisting movement—and fifteen minutes later came a complete evacuation! Hobart Bradstreet frankly gives the full credit for his conspicuous success to these simple secrets of SpINE-MoTION. He has traveled about for years, conditioning those whose means permitted a specialist at their beck and call. I met him at the Roycroft Inn, East Aurora. Incidentally, the late Elbert Hubbard and he were great pals, he was often the ‘‘Fra’s’’ guest in times past. But Bradstreet, young as he looks and feels, thinks he has chased around the country long enough. He has been prevailed upon to put his SPINE-MOTION method in form that makes it now generally available. I know what these remarkable mechanics of the spine have done for me. I have checked up at least twenty-five other cases. With all sincerity I say nothing in the whole realm of medicine or specialism can quicker re-make, rejuvenate and restore one. I wish you could see Bradstreet himself. Hc is arro- gantly healthy; he doesn’t seem to have any nerves. Yet he puffs incessantly at a black cigar that would floor some men, drinks two cups of coffee at every meal, and I don’t be- lieve he averages seven hours sleep. It shows what a sound nerve-mechanism will do. He says a man’s power can and should be unabated up to the age of 60, in every sense, and I have had some astonishing testi- mony on that score. Would you like to try this remarkable method of ‘‘coming back?”’ Or, if young, and apparently normal in your action and feelings do you want to see your energies just about doubled? It is easy. No ‘“apparatus’’ is required. Just Bradstreet’s few, simple instructions, made doubly clear by his photo- graphic poses of the five positions. Results come amazingly quick. In less than a week you'll have new health, new appetite, new desire, and new capacities; you'll feel years lifted off mind and body. This miracle-man’s method can be tested without risk. If you feel enormously benefited, everything is yours to keep and you have paid for it all the enor- mous sum of $3.00! Knowing something of the fees this man has been accustomed to re- ceiving, I hope his naming $3.00 to the gen- eral public will have full appreciation. The $3.00 which pays for everything is not sent in advance unless you prefer. Just pay the postman who brings it. Requests will be answered in turn. Try how it feels to havea full-length spine, and you'll henceforth pity men and women whose nerves are in a vise! HOBART BRADSTREET, Suite 421 630 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, III. I will try your SpInE- MOTION without risk if you will provide necessary instruction. I will pay post- man just $3.00 for everything, on arrival. This deposit to be returned in full if I send back the material in 5 days.

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es oe Lt eal ae SS REIS 110 Popular Science Monthy Hottest, Speediest, Safest, Cleanest Blow Torch You Ever Saw The Turner ‘‘Master’’ Line Blow Torches are the climax of forty years’ continuous experience in torch building. Only Blow Torches with a Vaporizing Baffle—we call it the “‘Hot Spot Hump.” Becomes white hot, and instantly con- verts kerosene or low grade gasoline into a hot, clean, dry, gas. (Turner Patent.) Only Blow Torches with Safety Valve and air release—impossible’ to explode. (Turner patent.) Only Blow Torches with shut-off and adjusting valve separate, which prevents enlarging the orifice. (Turner Patent.) e, Il. U.S.A. Ashland Avenue Orly One opening in tank and that above fuel line. No leaks—no fire hazard. Pump has automatic lubrication for pump leather. (Turner Patent.) Price of No. 45 Torch illustrated is only $7.65. Order from your dealer, or write us. Send for catalog of complete line of ‘‘Mas- ter’? Blow Torches and Furnaces. ? The Midget **Five-in-One’’ Slide Rule fis a combination Mannheim, Polymet- ric, los: . Binary, Add and Sub- . tract Slide Rule. It will instantly add, °\%>\ subtract, multiply and divide any com- (s\ bination of whole numbers, fractions, yi ed bers and decimals. Gives i every root and power, also Logs, Sines and Tangents. Made of aluminum with scales on white celluloid. Size 4 in. Apgroved and adopted by colleges. ice with Instructions, $1.50. Leatherette Case 60c. extra. Cata- logue Free, 0 acre summer home, and ultry farm, 2-room Only $10 Down $8 Month ouse, 100 chickens, overlooking 2 fine lakes, near Shelbyand Hart, Mich., county seat. Surrounded by or- TOPPING & COMPANY 810 Reaper Block Chicago, tl. Gilson Slide Rule Co., Niles, hich. The One Necessary Radio Book ET the Standard Radio Guide help you solve your radio problems. The Standard Radio Guide tells you the equipment you need, where the broadcasting stations are located, how to make a vacuum tube set and hundreds of other things you ought to know about radio. May Save You $5 to $50 The Standard Radio Guide answers every question of the radio beginner or the man who wants to know more about radio before he begins. Because it was inspired in large part by the practical, money-saving replies sent by the Infor- mation Department of PopuLAR SCIENCE MONTHLY to perplexed radio amateurs in all parts of America, this attrac- tively bound handbook is a gold mine of easy-to-read radio information. Written by the staff experts of PopuLaR SCIENCE MonTaiy, who for years have been giving America the news of science in simple, nontechnical language, the “Standard Radio Guide”’ tells you the things you want to know in terms you can understand. In addition, every difficult point is made doubly clear by photographs and diagrams. handbook, ‘‘The Standard Radio Guide.’”’ I enclose Fifty Cents (cash, check or money order). The Radio Guide Will Tell You— What radio equipment you ‘ will nee How you assemble your re- ceiving set How to adjust the set for Signals What radio stations you can hear How to make a crystal de- tector receiving set How to make a vacuum tube detector set Important tricks and trouble spots in radio Glossary of principal radio terms What you can hear with a radio set How wireless speech is pos- sible A picture story of how radio works —---------- Get Your Copy. Use the Coupon--——-—-—-— - Popular Science Monthly iii 225 West 39th Street, New York City = | #j ~ °° Send me postpaid and without delay your new Address....... Homes Breed Winter Sickness (Continued from page 34) trol this rate of heat loss, for the rate of evaporation also depends on the ability of the air to absorb moisture, and this ability of the air, known as ‘‘relative humidity,” varies with the temperature. : Relative humidity, usually expressed in percentage, means the proportion of the actual moisture content of a cubic foot of air to the volume of water it could hold if saturated at a given temperature. Thus the relative humidity of air at zero, which contains half a grain of water a cubic foot, is 100 per cent. But this same air, if heated to 70 degrees without the loss or gain of any moisture, would have a relative humid- ity of only 6.3 per cent, because a cubic foot of air at 70 degrees can contain about eight grains of water. How the Air Devours Moisture The air of our homes, having a low rela- tive humidity, greedily laps up water from furniture, rugs, woodwork and our bodies, In other words, if we take air from outdoors when the temperature is at zero and heat it up to 70 degrees, the humidity inside our homes is seldom more than one half the humidity of the dryest desert on earth. Remember, too,-that air at 70 degrees never heats the body, but takes heat from it. Add to this loss of heat from the body the loss from evaporation that takes place at a low relative humidity and you have the answer to the question of why we feel chilly sometimes when the thermometer in a room seems to show that we ought to feel warm. But the most injurious effects of the too- dry atmosphere on our bodies, are that it causes exposed skin to become dry and cracked, parches the delicate membranes that line the nose, mouth, throat, and lungs, and finally subjects the body to conditions that its marvelous ‘‘automatic temperature control’ cannot meet. Dryness Causes Chapped Hands Chapped hands in winter are due not to outdoor cold, but to dryness inside the house. Likewise, the parching effect of atmosphere at low humidity in reducing the resistance of mucous membranes of our delicate respiratory organs directly causes such winter ailments as colds, bronchitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, and even serves as an opening wedge for the great destroyer, tuberculosis. Often the nervous system, striving to meet the necessities of the body in low humidity atmospheres, throws out frantic distress signals to the overworked muscles of control, and the result fre- quently is a nervous breakdown. It was Doctor Huntington, already mentioned, who discovered that nervous disorders are typical of dry climates and that in the south, where high relative humidities are common, such nervous cases are relatively few in number. What is the proper relative humidity for a home or office? Authorities agree that a temperature of from 64 to 68 degrees, with a relative humidity of 50 per cent, is both healthful and invigorating. How to deter- mine relative humidity was fully explained in the Home Workshop department of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY for Novem- ber. The all-important question, therefore, is how can we raise the humidity in our homes to the proper degree? And the December, Home: ( answer is | put cann | devices n | sity of Ill | water pal | gir furnac _ humidifie | water or ‘they are | evaporate | from mos evaporatl | water a | pumidify Evapr | | | If you ‘that the | yse is an ‘of the ft outside 1 the Oct | MONTHL | repairma | For tk | noiseless | radiators allows st cient qu: Two t for stear which m any on t structed signed b School | They ar How ‘ of this 1 made in gome aci If the « mineral Winte Valley. it conta It to alcohol away. his wife wagon, drove ov On the reached crust, j Nevada had to could 01 Finally acid, an bowl. agines, not? It di Smith : This Death in the 1 to the nearly the fai wagons habitec comme The ancien (Continued on page 111) 1190 Damalayrn Saaonas 14.25 = Dec

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ate of ity of. bility ity,” ed in f the 0t of old if Thus, Which : foot, eated 1in of umid- ¢ foot eight re ' Tela- from odies, doors eat it le our f the arth, never m it. y the > ata 2 the chilly in a ) feel » too- at it and ranes and y to natic i December, 1922 — Homes Breed Winter Sickness (Continued from page 110) answer is that we can better conditions, but cannot make them perfect with any devices now on the market. The Univer- sity of Illinois, after exhaustive tests with 'water pans such as usually come with hot | gir furnaces, and experiments with types of ‘humidifiers designed to be hung on hot ‘water cr steam radiators, has found that | they are inadequate. Your own body | evaporates more water in a day than comes ‘from most of these patented devices. The evaporation of from 18 to 20 gallons of water a day is necessary to properly humidify even a small residence. | | Evaporating Pan Easy to Make If you have a hot air furnace, tests show that the most satisfactory device for your | use is an evaporating pan placed in the top of the furnace pot and connected with an ‘outside tank. This was fully described in ‘the October issue of POPULAR SCIENCE | MONTHLY. Any mechanic or good furnace | repairman can make this device. For the steam-heated house or office, a noiseless valve that may be fitted to steam radiators is on the market. This device allows steam to escape into the air in suffi- cient quantity to humidify the room. Two types of humidifying attachments for steam, hot water, or vapor systems— which more nearly meet requirements than any on the market and which may be con- structed by any tool user, have been de- signed by E. P. Lyon, dean of the Medical School of the University of Minnesota. They are shown on page 33. How ‘‘Borax’’ Smith Came Back (Continued from page 28) of this new mineral, of the fortunes being made in it, of the way one tested for it with some acid and the flame of burning alcohol. If the color of the flame was green, the mineral was borax. Winters listened. He had been in Death Valley. There was a dry lake there. Might it contain borax? It took weeks for him to get acid and alcohol from the nearest store, 150 miles away. Finally they came. Winters and his wife took their horses and a ramshackle wagon, their acid and their alcohol, and drove over into the wastes of Death Valley. On the morning of the third day they reached the dry lake. There was the salty crust, just as the traveler described it in Nevada, but was it borax? All day they had to wait to test it. Only after dark could one see the color of the telltale flame. Finally it was time to try. Some ore, some acid, and some alcohol were ready in a little bowl. Winters trembled a little, one im- agines, as he lit it. Would it burn green or not? It did burn green. Winters sold out to Smith and Coleman for $20,000. This was the beginning of- the great Death Valley borax fields, still the largest in the world. Presently a road was opened to the railway town of Mohave and for nearly 10 years the ore was hauled out by the famous mule teams in great ten-ton wagons over 165 miles of absolutely unin- habited desert—surely one of the greatest commercial adventures of all time. The mule teams of Death Valley are ancient history. A railway and motor "December. 1922 (Continued on page 112) Result of 14 ceiving set. sensitive. Matched Tone CHARSE > BATTERIES Keep Your Batteries Charged The SIGNAL-HULBERT Battery Charger will charge two batteries at the same time, in any of the following combinafions (an Auto- mobile and Radio ‘‘B”’ batteries—or Radio “‘A” and Radio ‘“‘B” batteries), at a cost of about 5 cents. And merely by connecting the SIG- NAL-HULBERT Battery Charger extension cord to any 110 Volt Alternating Current elec- tric lamp socket in your office, home, garage, basement, etc. Your automobile battery can remain right in the car—just connect the SIGNAL-HUL- BERT Battery Charger to a lamp socket in the garage and the Battery Charger extension to the battery, turn on the ‘‘juice’’ before retiring at night—your battery is fully charged when you get up in the morning. It’s just as simple as that. By a New Electrical Principle The SIGNAL-HULBERT Battery Charger repre- sents a new departure in the construction of trans- forming and rectifying devices which are combined in a single unit. It involves an entirely new electrical principle. Practically no adjustment is required. The charger is self-polarizing; so battery can connected either way; except when two batteries are being charged at the same time. The charging rate adjusts itself automatically to the type and condition of the battery charged; charging from twelve to five amperes on the six volt batteries and one-half to one- quarter ampere on the ten to twenty-five cell battery. No adjustment is required ordinarily; but if it is, one screw does the whole thing. “he Advantages of the SIGNAL-HULBERT Battery Charger siru mn, in. suring de- erations. Probably not more than one to billionth of the energy radiated by the broadcasting station is picked up by the radio re- To hear well the headset must be extraordinarily It took fourteen years of experience to make Brandes headsets supersensitive that they respond DISTRIBUTORS AND DISTRICT OFFICES: Munsey Bldg., Washington, D.C. 76 33 So. Clinton St., Chicago, Ill. f 1220 Nicollet Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. International Electric Company, Wellington, N. 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Enclose your check, postoffice money order or draft for $20.00 with your order and it will be promptly shipped, furnished with 10-foot lamp cord and standard lead-plated battery clips at- tached; a 5-foot lamp cord with nickel- plated battery clips attached for “‘B”’ bat- tery, and a 5-foot lamp cord with attach- ment plug. All instruments and adjustable parts mounted on beautifully finished slate panel board. Try it 10 days, Give it the hard- est test you can. Convince yourself that it is everything claimed for it. If you are not entirely satisfied, send it back and your money will be promptly returned to you. YOU CAN'T GO WRONG. This guarantee is positively unconditional. Don’t be without one. ORDER YOURS TODAY. ata 7, SPRREE ae soretetis ides tetas this new -lectrical principle and how it operates. Printed so you can understand it. A postcard with your name and. address will bring it to you FREE. Send for one TODAY. 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* 3X oO ct Rial BS an ak. Sa Mead aspera “There’s No Place Like Home” To Charge Your Radio Battery § amp. Tungar Charges a 6-volt storage battery at 5 amperes. A smaller size (2 amp.) charges a 6-volt battery at 2 amperes, If you use tubes in your radio receiver you use a stor- age battery. If you use a storage battery it must be charged. Charge Your Storage Battery at Home with a Tungar Battery Charger Without taking the battery out of the house—in fact, without moving it at all—you can charge it easily and quickly at a minimum of expense, trouble and lost time. Isn’t this much better than taking the battery to a charging station, leaving it a day or two, paying from 75¢ toa couple of dollars and then carrying it back again? The Tungar isa small, compact rectifier which connects to any a-c. lighting circuit wherever there is a socket or receptacle and requires no attention while operating. Its first ‘cost is not high and it can be operated by anyone without the slightest danger of injuring the battery. Send for new radio booklet and prices. General@Electric General Office Schenectady. NY Com any wigs = Useful! - This two-bladed penknife, with handy scissors, nail file and cleaner is just one of many beautiful Keen Kutter designs built for long, satisfactory service. Simmons Hardware Company KEEN KUTTER / f Rabbit # Book FREE & * iustrated about the easy, . Facts Sey oe home industry — grow- ing one for meat, fur, ancy. Little space—cheap equi ment. Big demand. We buy ail ou raise at $7 to $18 per =. your spare time into Book free —- write now. STANDARD FOOD & FUR ASS’N 407-C Broadway New York City Popular Science M onthly Ag American Poultry Journal e_ Oldest, Largest and Best montas 25 cts. 1yr.75e 2 YEARS $1 5 Yrs. $2 Averages over 100 pages per issue — tells how to feed, house and breed; how to secure high egg roduction; how to hatch and rear youltry successfully, tablished1874, Only 25¢for4mos, Stamps accepted. American Poultry Journal, 91-523 Plymouth Ct., Chicago How ‘Borax’? Smith Came Bail (Continued from pa e 111) trucks now do the hauling. But advertising made their name immortal, and the Pacific Coast Borax Company, with “Borax” Smith then at its head, put the industry on its present business basis. But I’ve told only half the story. The past two years have been, perhaps, the most romantic in all the 4000 years of borax history. Between 1907 and 1914, Mr. Smith, securely in the saddle of the borax business, and very wealthy, devoted much of his time and money to the improvement of his home city, Oakland, Calif. He built traction lines, developed suburbs, organized a better ferry service across the bay to San Francisco. He tried to do too much. In 1914 his financial interests collapsed. He failed with liabilities stated as over forty million dollars—a record-breaking disaster, Starting Afresh at Seventy-Three! After 42 years he was out of the business to which he had given his life—of which he had been the chief builder. But he would not stay out. “Borax” was the name the world had given him and he meant to live up to it. True, he was no longer young— in 1914 he was 66—but he began at once to look for some door back into the busi- ness. For six years he kept looking. In 1921 he found it! But let me go back into history for a moment. Culminating in this extraordi- nary ‘“‘comeback” of ‘Borax’? Smith, a startling series of human dramas _ has marked the modern borax industry since its beginning. Back in 1777 a German chemist named Hoefer, exploring certain parts of the ducal realm of Tuscany, in Italy, came upon a valley containing boiling springs. In these hot springs he found borax. He identified it as the same precious chemical which, through all the centuries since the days of Babylon, men had been bringing at great expense from Central Asia. But nobody seemed able to exploit this new Italian source. To get small quantities of borax, the water had to be boiled down, and the fuel, which was wood, was too expensive. Fortune Frowns, then Smiles The last of a series of unsuccessful pro- moters was a Frenchman named Francois Lardarel. Bringing his wife and children out of France just after the troubled times of Napoleon, he invested his little remain- ing capital in one of the borax pools. Here he struggled and starved for nine years. In 1827 he was at the end of his resources. The business could not be made to pay. His children had no food. Then there occurred the first of those startling reverses of fortune that have been characteristic of those who follow the borax business. Standing one day beside the boiling pools that had swallowed his patrimony, M. Lardarel had an idea. From the earth before him poured out clouds of steam. Steam was hot. What more simple than to use the heat of this steam to boil down the borax waters? In a year M. Lardarel was rich. That was the beginning of the Italia borax industry. Immediately the Italian product displaced the Asian borax on the market. For over 20 years it was the sole supply of the world. Then chance shifted the drama to the western hemisphere. (Continued on page 113) mn tris sy - leet tll ee

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onthly | Rie Back tising -acific orax”’ ry on The 3, the borax _ Mr, borax much Ment built nized 0 San a - He forty aster, ‘ee | siness ich he would ne the (0 live ung— t once . busi- y. In for a aordi- ith, a s has since 1amed ducal pon a these itified vhich, ays of great »body talian orax, d the ive. S | pro- incois iIdren times main- Here s. In irces. pay. those been bora > the | his From ds of imple > boil r M.

calian falian n the 2 sole 1ifted

~ ‘December. 1922 ——

How “Borax” Smith Came Back (Continued from page 112) In 1856 Dr. John A. Veatch, a chemist of San Francisco, found a small and evil smelling pond—it was worse, he said, than a million rotten eggs—near Clear Lake, Calif., and that pond proved to be twin brother to the Central Asian borax marshes. From its mud Dr. Veatch and his compan- | ion carried away 264 pounds of greenish crystals—the first borax produced in North America. Between 1864 and 1869 the pond yielded nearly 600 tons of crystals valued at more than $100,000. When, however, Dr. Veatch drilled a well to get more borax brine, it yielded, instead, an uncontrollable flow of artesian water. In the end the water ruined the borax beds and the Veatch company shut up shop. Another of the queer vicissitudes of the borax busi- ness had occurred. But meanwhile borax had been found in the desert of Nevada, leading to the me- teoric rise and crash of F. M. Smith—whose name brings me back to the year 1921 and Fate’s final prank in this strange story of modern industry. Another Borax Romance

| In January of 1921 two prospectors, | Francis M. Lovell and George D. Hartman, | were exploring a little-known and unin- | habited country in the southern part of Nevada, between the Colorado River and the railroad town of Las Vegas. I tell the story as it was told to me in Las Vegas a few months afterward: Lovell and Hartman had camped one night in the bottom of a dry “wash.” Their trip had been discouraging. In nearly two months they had found nothing; neither borax nor any other valuable mineral. The grubstake was beginning to run low. Breakfast on the morning of January 23 was not a cheerful meal. Lovell finished first; Hartman wanted a few more flap- jacks; and‘so while Hartman ate them, Lovell strolled casually a few yards up the gulch and around a little bend. He came back on the run. He had literally walked onto one of the largest veins of borax ore ever found! The edge of the great bed of whitish

borate of lime lies exposed for over 3000 feet along the slope of a hill. The vein is from 20 to 40 feet wide. Geologists esti- mate that it contains at least a million tons of borax—perhaps two or three times that | ‘much. Discoverers Stake Their Claim | | When I examined the deposit in June, | 1921, it was still much as it had been when | it wasfound. Only a few pits and trenches _ had been dug into it in order to prove the | extent of the vein. Seen from the airplane

borax vein stood out as a broad white band across the slope of the hill in which it lies. Being scientific prospectors, Lovell and Hartman kept their heads when they had made their find. They started no stam- | pede. Instead, they went to the river for water, made a permanent camp and pro- ceeded to survey the deposit and locate their claims. Then sent word to the borax experts, including Mr. Smith. Mr. Smith was 73 years old, and no longer wealthy as the necessary funds and came himself. He 2 (C&ntinued on page 114)

that I used in my examination, the great © he once had been. But he scraped together.

—————————————————————————————— wit in a Neste Be aldwi ordina

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Unequalled Low-Priced Offers The Master-Baldwin “Throatype” Clarophone, Complete - - - - Described above. The Master-Baldwin Phone - - The genuine Master-Baldwin Improved Phone manufactured by the Baldwin Radio Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. The Master-Baldwin Head-Set - The standard supersensitive head-set for those who want the double phone. Master Radio Corporation Dept. 5012, 631 So. Spring St., Los Angeles, Calif. $22.50 = 9.00 $16.00 ways square their mouths in singing— never round them. The vocal chords are represented in the Baldwin Phone by a marvelous mica disk, unaffected by heat or cold or electric cur- rents, which is actuated in both directions by an armature tone-arm superimposed in a magnetic field. So the Master-Baldwin “Throatype” Clarophone follows accurately the most perfect model ever made. To hear one is to want one. Why We Can Sell It For $22.50 Because of its simple but, scientific design the Claro- phone lends itself to large quantity production which enables us to sell it for $22.50—an amazing price. And the Mastef-Baldwin “‘Throatype’? Clarophone is the world’s standard quality—remember the Gov- ernment selection of Baldwin Phones. Try It at Our Risk We know that the Clarophone will please you. So we invite you to test it for ten days at our risk. {f you are not pleased, your dealer will gladly refund your money. Ask your dealer for the Master-Baldwin “Throatype’’ Clarophone. If he hasn’t it, order direct from us, enclosing $22.50. We will ship immediately, charges pre- paid, a complete Clarophone to you. (Reference: Citizens National Bank, Los Angeles, Calif.) Try the Clarophone. Know the real pleasure it will give you. m= Master-Baldwin Claroph hone RIG.U Master Radio Corporation, Dept. 5012, 631 So. Spring St., Los Angeles, California. Enclosed is $22.50 for one Master-Baldwin “Throatype”’ Clarophone, charges prepaid, in- sured. My money to be returned if I am not satisfied. I buy my radio equipment from (DeavEr’s NAME)

(Address)

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Prices in U.S. A. and Canada, brass finish, $5; bronze or nickel finish, $5.50. West of Mississippi and Canadian Rockies and in Maritime Provinces, 25c per lamp additional. ) Standard U eye-opener. down and this newly rebuilt Shipman-Ward Standard visible writ- ing Underwood will be shipped to you now— at a very special price on easy monthly pay- ments or cash. 10 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL t us ship you this machine direct from our big ss Try it for 10 days and use it in your work. If se can get finer work or better service typewriter inthe world, regardless of t. Simply ship it back to us and get ther with any express charges you you or anyone el: out of any other t price, don’t keep i your money, toge may have paid. | 2149 Shipman Bldg. IPMAN-W TYPEWRITER EMPORIUM LM, DOWN ARD MFG. CO. Chicago, Illionis nderwoods! Greatest Typewriter BargainEver Offered Right now we want to make you the typewriter offer you ever dreamed of. Atleft is shown the largest typewriter rebuilding plant in the world. ake) TRADE “— MARK > How ‘“‘Borax’”? Smith Came Back (Continued from page 113) hired a wagon and drove the 40 miles of villainous road that lay between Las Vegas and the find. He got out of his wagon and picked up one little piece of ore. He knew what he had found. Borax ore was his business. Before him was the door he had sought for seven years—the door back into the industry which he had built! Within 30 minutes he had written out an agreement on the back of an envelope held against a rock. He had promised to pay Lovell and Hartman a quarter of a million dollars for their claims. They were rich. He again had a borax mine. He did not possess the quarter of a million dollars that he had promised to pay, but that worried him not at all. He raised what he needed of it and he kept the mine. He has it still. It is the chief asset of the West End Chem- ical Company of Oakland, Calif., of which he is the head. Will There Be a Borax War? And now one wonders what is going to happen next. Mr. Smith’s deposit at Callville Wash contains plenty of borax to supply the world for 10 or 15 years. Shall we see a deadly competition between Mr. Smith backed by his new deposit, and the older companies which years ago he helped to form? If so, who will win, or will both go broke? These questions need for their answering a better prophet than I. One possible solu- tion, however, must occur to any engineer. Why not increase the borax market? In 1885, before the Pacific Coast Borax Com- pany began to advertise, the borax used in the United States was only 4000 tons. In 1921 nearly 40,000 tons was used. A part of the increase was due, of course, to in- crease of population and to the normal growth of business. But most of it was due to hard work; to a consistent and intelligent effort by the Pacific Coast Borax Company to increase the public use of its product. Commodities that Use Borax To an outsider it does not seem so very difficult to do this sort of thing again. There are four chief uses of borax. The first is in making the smooth white glaze on bathtubs and other ironware. The second is in medicines and toilet articles, where boric acid, a derivative of borax, serves as an antiseptic. The third is in soaps and washing powders, where borax is a cleanser and water softener. The fourth is in mak- ing oven glassware. This fourth use looks interesting. Oven glassware is made mainly out of sand, borax, and soda. The borax used equals from one fourth to one third the weight of the glass. Borax glass is very tough as well as fire resistant. It ought to have much wider uses than it has. Perhaps some of them could be developed. Then there is a still newer use for borax, one that isinitsinfancy. This is in making metal castings. Borax containg the chem- ical element boron, and when a little boron is dropped into melted copper it removes oxygen from the metal. The General Electric Company finds that this makes better copper castings than could be made in any other way. There are other possi- bilities in metallurgy, for instance the new and unstudied boron steels. It may be | that in this field lie the great future uses of borax. Perhaps it is here that the finger of Popular Science Monthly ~ ™ —_—_— romance will touch the borax business next. ) Deceml is 18 he h | supe | eithe I w

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»f Cm RN Lun — iE Ss a ~ December, 1922 Radio without an Aerial (Continued from page 29) is 18 and, among his other achievements, he has constructed a simplified Armstrong super-regenerative set that works without either antenna or ground connections. I was sure he would know a good deal If one of these five hook- ups for light plug aerial fails to bring results, don’t be discouraged. Try another. Connec- tions shown in Figs. 1 and 2 are said to work best where power or light wires run on poles. Figure 3 woeeny gives results quickly, but re- sults from one of the other hook-ups may be more satisfactory about plugs. He did. They did not work in his ground floor apartment. He proved this by testing for my benefit. One flight up, however, the plug worked fairly well. I tried it on the third floor and it worked better. On the top floor it worked fine. Why? William, being an honest radio fiend, told the truth. He does not know and has been unable to find out. Maybe it is some peculiarity of the house wiring. The most important discovery I made, from the point of view of the man who must scrimp a bit on luxuries, came when I dug out a little old galena detector and hooked it to the plug and ground wire with no tuning apparatus at all. Near-by radio- telephone and code stations came in just as clearly and in as strong volume as they did through a $25 set. I have talked a good deal, since then, with plug users. Some report great suc- cess—some complete failure. An engineer who makes plugs—and who has found no location where his plug will not work— (Continued on page 116) Gifi 5110550 The gifts of perfect writing are here; at your price—in one perfect quality—in many forms of beauty—and with a name that is known wherever people write. Give EVERSHARP—and your gift is supreme in quality; no other pencil has the exclusive rifled tip that keeps the lead from wobbling, — , Even if he has an EVERSHARP, give him | ' another for his watch chain or for desk use. Ladies, from fourteen up, wear EVERSHARP on a ribbon, chain, or cord, for convenience and style. Give WAHL PEN to match EVERSHARP. The indestructible all-metal barrel of WAHL PEN holds more ink, positively pre- vents leaking and will last forever. The iridium-tipped point writes as smoothly as a 2B lead. Priced as low as $4. WAHL PEN and EVERSHARP make superb presents, singly, or matched in engraved de- signs, in velvet-lined Gift Boxes. Finished in gold or silver. See them at your dealer’s, Made in U. S. A. by THE WAHL COMPANY, Cuicaco Canadian Factory, THE WAHL COMPANY, Lrp., Toronto matched by WAHL PEN

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- ~ Catalog Number Four contains Marvelous ardicle on tuning” Receiving Sets Sets ce brings rf TUR ees — SS st ———————— GES: SPRL Ree ES SANDMAN On a Tuska Radio Receiver, every evening you can hear ‘‘*The Sandman’s Story”’. lights the childreo. Radio Broadcasting for grown-ups. Tuska Radio will bring dependable broadcast- ing into your home, A Tuska Radio Receiver makes a wonderful Christmas Present. Tuska Radio is substantial, reliable, dependable and recognized. THE C. D. TUSKA COMPANY 28 Bartholomew Ave. Pacific Coast Oftice, 711 Mission Street, San Francisco, Calif. STORY This de- Later comes entertaining Inspect today at your dealer’s. Hartford, Conn. | | Does Away a oe aa > With Dirt Th ae j + eenncactd | Turn Valve—Heat re (Ef Throw awa way the coal scuttle—banish the : wood pile. ‘t worry about coal short- age or high prices. Amazing new inven- en, the 1e Silver Oll-Gas Sareee Bonen J ) Four changes = in one “yi: = ite ye? eth Olive int the box. You have ‘as much. or as us heat as you want at turn of valve. Cheaper than Coal or § Wood—3 Times the Heat Not an oll heater. No wicks, no smells, no waiting. A ne gas burner, The Oliver its own gas from 95% air and 5% coal oil (heronenn} the cheapest fuel there is. Gives three times heat of coal instantly. Heats and bakes better, quicker by simply Use it in Your Stove 30 Days FREE Sixteen models — one for every stove, heater or furnace. No more building fires—no more heavy coal to carry and © more cold rooms in winter. Put the oi in your stoves now=— 80 da E. Don’t risk a cent. tg Money- Back Guarantee protects you. Abso- lutely safe, last a lifetime, Ppa: Write for FREE BOOK We tractive k FREE. Tells all about the wonderful once! , Write now and GAS BURNER & MACH INE CO. Oldest, largest mani ae or Burners Say sate Classen: EE ane AGENTS Zee I eats for sample Serning vaiv valve. Saves time, money, drudgery’ ond bent heat ~ How Far Can I Hear with MR-6?- From Wisconsin alone during one month come re- ports of De Forest MR-6 Receiving Sets getting Cali- fornia, Colorado, Kansas, Texas, Tennessee, Georgia, Kentucky, Pennsylvania and New York—distances up to 1500 miles. One man listened across the entire continent, getting Santa Cruz, California and Atlanta, orgia, the same evening. Multiply such experiences as these by the thousands of De Forest sets in use all over the United States and you get an idea of the way De Forest is serving the nation with the joys of radio. De Forest manufactures receiving sets from the least expensive to the most elaborate, and laboratory tested high quality parts for those who ‘‘build their own’’. If it’s marked De Forest you can be sure it’s built in a way worthy to sustain the reputation of that great name. DE FOREST RADIO TEL. & TEL. CO. JERSEY CITY, N. J. Radio without an Aerial (Continued from page 115) tells me that most of the complaints re- ceived from his company’s customers are readily satisfied by telling the customer to try again and be very careful with his tuning. In some tests, broadcasts over a Popular Science M onthly ty range of several hundred miles have been | heard. The plug plus the lighting system forms an antenna with characteristics very dif- ferent from those of the outside antenna. For this reason the broadcasting station that has been brought in by a particular setting of the tuner dials when attached to the outside wire is found in a different lo- | cation with the plug. Adjustments and Their Effects The plug sharpens the tuning, Twirl- ing the tuner knobs at the usual rate of speed, it is very easy to slide past the critical point without hearing the station. The knobs must be moved very slowly. Half a degree may bring in or shut out the station. This is an advantage when: there are many stations on the air and great selectivity is needed. Trying the plugs at the different adjust- ments shown on the diagrams, I: found that: Using both the plug and the outdoor aerial at the same time, the result was sometimes a slight increase in the volume of sound. Attaching the ground wire to the side of . the plug opposite that where the antenna wire was connected brought nothing at all, though in a system in which this would make connection, through one of the plug’s condensers, with a grounded wire I believe it would work. Bringing down wires from both sides of the plug to the antenna connection on the receiver made little if any difference. Adding the regular ground connection made it louder. Receiver in Its Simplest Form Turning on the juice at the socket helped some. The plug had to be in a particular position in relation to the socket. Turn- ing it around stopped the show. The re- sults in general were about the same as with my outdoor aerial. The absolute limit in my own experi- ments was reached when, having laid a piece of galena on the table, I touched it with the end of the ground wire that I was holding in my left hand and with the end of the wire from the plug that I was hold- ing in my right. The wires from my phones were attached to these wires, so that with the two contacts on the galena I had what has long been known as the simplest form of radio receiver, consisting of an antenna, a detector, a phone shunted around the detector, and a ground con- nection. The concert came in clearly. Here again I must admit that*the broad- casting station wasn’t very far away. No Antenna Needed The joy of it is that henceforth I can forget my antenna. I can take a set in my grip when I travel and plug in on the radio concerts wherever electric lights are used, and I can always find a water pipe, a steam radiator or the ground itself when I want to install the earth connections. Popular Science Monthly a

Page 97

‘December, 1922

[ THE HOME WORKSHOP Doll Receiving Set (Continued from page 82)

| "e- | re end should be clipped off to a sharp point. to Steel wire or a regular catwhisker may ‘is | be used, but the copper wire will probably a | be more satisfactory, since it can be bent on | to touch any point on the surface of the crystal and will stay fairly well.in place. Is From the crystal holder, which is a piece f- | of brass, copper or tin, made up to represent = a bucket, a wire runs to one of the telephone n | binding posts. From the other telephone e | binding post a wire runs to the ground oO | binding post, to which is also connected one - | end of the wire wrapped around the doll. A telephone condenser is then placed between

—— Grounn—_{ ~ AERIAL | TO SWITCH TO ONE END ARM OF COIL —— ~ SWITCH TO CATWHISKER] WUE points WIRE SUPPORTING DOLL ON STAND ~ | TELEPHONE —_| BINDING POSTS\] HO CRYSTAL NDENSER —] \ "

The under side of the set. The telephone cord is led through a slot or hole in the end of the tray the telephone binding posts, one end being connected with each binding post. All these connections should be soldered. Colored silk or other material to repre- sent sand may be used to ornament the upper surface of the tray. The set can be depended upon to bring in broadcasting clearly over a distance of 10 miles; in fact, it works as well as most single tuner sets. It has an advantage over many sets in that the coil is not so large that there is any ‘“‘dead end” effect. Telephones, costing from $5 up, and antenna equip- ment, are required before the set can be “hooked up” for receiving broadcasts.

Stand with Water Reservoir Keeps Christmas-Tree Green WE ALL hate to throw away the Christ- m so soon that it is usually necessary long before Twelfth Night puts an end to the Christmas festivities. And yet the tree would remain fresh almost in- definitely if it were supplied with water. A new tree- holder, consisting of an enameled- iron basin with three supporting arms, will keep the tree flourish- ing, and the water with which - the pan is filled makes the base so heavy that the tree cannot be tipped over. The water should be changed every few days.—C. K.

If tree is kept watered, needles will not fall so quickly

as-tree, but the needles start to fall |

200 YEAR:

Professional and Amateurs Praise Wurlitzer Instruments

“T am proud to be the owner of one of your new cornets. The tone, tune and valve action are positively superior to any I have experienced in all my years of cornet playing.” Harrv L. Jacobs Soloist with Sousa’s Band, Brooke’s larine Band, Chicago Grand Opera)

“If I could not get another like it, my urlitzer saxophone could not bought from me for $200.00.” J. Russel David, Rockford, Ind “Without your credit system it would have been impossible fur me to own i utiful instrument.” Arthur L. Samp, Madison, Wis,

| Any Musical Instrument On Trial URLITZER will send you any instru- ment for a week's trial in your own home. No obligation to buy—no ex- pense for the trial—you do not risk a penny.

Wurlitzer instruments are known the world over for artistic quality and excellence of workmanship. Used by the greatest musicians, bands and orchestras. The house of Wurlitzer has made the finest musical instruments for over 200 years. Easy Payments Payments are conveniently arranged in small monthly sums — a few cents a day will pay. All instruments to you at lowest factory prices. Special combination offers on complete musical outfits — velvet lined case, all accessories, self- instructor, etc— everything you need at practi- cally the cost of the instrument alone. Send for New Catalog! The greatest musical catalog ever, published! Over 3,000 articles—every known instrument described and illustrated — many of them shown in full colors. Wurlitzer has stores in over thirty cities, but no matter where you live, Wurlitzer is no farther than your nearest mail box. Send the coupon today! 4 The Rudolph Wurlitzer Co., Dept. 1789 117 E. 4th St., Cincimati —329 Se, Wabash Ave., Chicago ! 120 W. 42nd St., New York—250 Steckton St.,San Francisco § Send me your new catalog with illustrations in 1 color and full descriptions of every known musical instrument, also details of the Wurlitzer Free Trial §

he Easy Payment Plan. No charge, no obligation, \ f MN. « c/ndc carcevecsacsedoadedueeubensseaesenie 4 () iss <i saskn sec crumidoniocmneangebanan ; , |» Qi *: QEeee mh ccccccccces . peposoucuooesestramianses eeesees aoe i The Reevrsh Wurlitzer Co. ~~ a oe ee ee ee ee ee

December, 1922

pea ——

Page 98

This Panel Will Improve YourSet CELORON ‘The best panel made is none too good for your set. Dependable insula- tion is vital. Keep your connections tight and your insulation right. This is a radio axiom upon which depends the clearness and sensitivity of both transmission and reception. The best panels obtaina- ble are made of CELORON This strong, handsome, water- proof, jet-black material will give you greater resistivity, and a higher dielectric strength than you will ever need. It is made particularly to meet high voltages at radio fre- quencies. In addition it ma- chines readily, engraves with clean-cut characters and takes a high, natural polish, or a rich, dull, mat finish. Make your next panel of Condensite Celoron and note the improve- ment. ° An Opportunity for Radio Dealers Condensite Celoron Radio Panels and Parts offer a clean- cut opportunity to all dealers who are keen on building their business on a quality basis. Let us send you the full facts. Write us today for our Deal- er’s Proposition. Diamond State Fibre Company Bridgeport (near Philadelphia), Pa. — Branch Factory and Warehouse, Chicago Offices in Principal Cities In Canada: Diamond State Fibre Co. of Canada, Ltd., Toronto

THE HOME WORKSHOP Book-Rack and Table Lamp Form a Novel Combination

By Ernest T. Bates HE combination book-rack and table lamp illustrated, which has been much admired for its neat and novel appearance, cost me complete $3.75. It is made of maple, stained dark mahogany, shellacked and polished. Genuine mahogany or walnut | would perhaps have been better and not a

An interesting variation of the lighting fix- tures usually placed on the reading table great deal more expensive. Oak finish, dark mission, or whitewood stained walnut or mahogany, also would look well. The materials required are as follows: 1 piece 14 by % by % in. for bottom guides 1 piece 7 by 4% ed 6 in. for bottom 1 piece 13 by S in, for ends 1 piece 8 by 3 in. for brackets 2 chain pull <4 2 \%-in. nipples 6 No. 8 134-in. round head brass screws 1 \%-in. socket bushing 6 ft. fixture wire 6 ft. silk lampcord and plug The construction of the wooden parts is made clear in the drawing. The design of the ends and brackets can, of course, be varied to -suit individual taste.’ Each bracket is fastened to one of the ends with

How the book-rack is put to- gether, and suggested designs for the ends and brackets

glue and brass screws, and the ends are similarly attached to the bottom. I had the ends and brackets cut out at a car- penter shop for 75 cents, so that the actual construction was a simple matter, but it would not have been difficult to have done all the work myself. The sockets screw on to \-in. pipe nipples that fit tightly into 3¢-in. holes. It is well to cement or glue the nipples when screwing them into the wood, so that they will be sure to remain firm. Two small fix- | ture wires run from each socket, down (Continued on page 119)

iieinientete

bellies: ll AUTOMATIC N ELECTRIC FLOR BE eigee We ee Ck = RADIO HEAD SETS

Youth — Plus Experience 6 be curiosity and ingenuity of youth have done much to advance radio science. Its work- ing principles, however, are the result of long experience. Thirty years of telephone engi- neering have qualified the Auto- matic Electric Company as experts. The Automatic Electric Head Set is the product of their experience. Whether used with crystal set, amplifier or loud speaker, there is no distortion nor foreign noises. If your dealer cannot supply you, we will send it to you immediately postpaid. Ask your ‘0 first This is the high grade plug that comes attached, when desired, to Automatic Elec- tric Head Sets. It will take care of any kind of cord ter- minals, will fit any kind of jack and will accommodate two head sets. With this plug Lym to our —_ set can be sure the With “- qgpdied. Road ast te peupesty” “poled.” spears and psy tedeomn and Automatic Electric Company Engineers, Designers and Manufacturers of the Automatic — in Use the World Over. HOME OFFICE AND FACTORY: CHICAGO, U. S. A.

EARN, MONEY YOU can make $15 to $60 weekly in your spare . time cay show —_, No canvassing 7 soliciting. € instruct you by our new simple Directograph system, pay you cash each week and guarantee you stead ee Write for full particulars and free WEST-ANGUS SHOW “CARD SERVICE 63 Colborne Building Toronto, Can,

wee Book FREE tier. Know scientific = po sand Ju jui- —_. Develop 2 ° sique, an ave ec ea olin ee ool end learn y mail. The famous marve nk Gotch. and Farmer Burns rtunity. Wrest easily and quickly tient be mail. Men oad Deore wzite Wow tee seme tree . pe ee cen With ogee, Loamet ihte ceekne he , Stating your age. Farmer Burns School of Wrestling, 1789 Gamee Bldg., Omaha,

Popular Science Monthly 4 ~

Damiulaw Cacwmne 22...

Decem _—— —_ Bi throu and « bling are f neath eye, are and t Shad bulb: burn caps elect Hov

tl fi is p FE h r I I 1 i L

Page 99

ly s i December, 1922

[-~ ~=—~SE HOME WORKSHOP Book-Rack and Table Lamp (Continued from page 118) through 14-in. holes bored in the brackets and ends, as indicated, before the assem- bling is undertaken. Wires from one socket are fished out underneath and passed be- neath the bottom section, through a screw- eye, to the other end, where connections are made with a regulation 6-ft. lamp cord. Two candle shades, obtained at a five and ten cent Store, were used for the lamps. Shades of thi type rest right on the electric bulbs, but to prevent any possibility of burning them, it is well to use two brass caps made for the purpose and sold at all electrical stores.

How to Make a Loudspeaker for Less than One Dollar ‘y= of the least expensive and most frequency amplification can be constructed The telephone head set is fixed over a short piece of fiber or rubber tubing, to the center

t 8" 1Fx10 FLAT /4°}CORNER ie SCREW S- ba

December, 1922 121

Page 100

fe prema wri Sak one » zt | a re i: [ ae 2S seh eh PORTS 120 b “Ce aS ¥ ao or’ . You Cant Your favorite sport—plus the thrills of motorcycling! An early morning jaunt to duck- marsh or hunting lodge, with your Harley-Davidson mak- ing miles seem short as city blocks. Why, man, you can’t beat it! And you can’t beat the 1923 Harley-Davidson. Its 10 im- provements are added touches of excellence to the greatest motorcycle ever produced. Reduced prices, too, on 1923 models! Only $285 for the famous Twin—the clean-cut, comfortable speed-mount that travels 50 miles ona dollar’s worth of “‘gas,”’ oil and tires. See your dealer for free demonstration Write as for new illustrated literature Harley-Davidson Motor Co. Milwaukee Wisconsin Opportunity for dealers in unassigned territories. Address Desk A-2. Harley-Davidson } 7% , , i yy Worlds Champion Motorcycil a a Mim, yj, RADIO & AUTO Storage Batteries CHARGED FROM LAMP SOCKET, for Few Cents withan F-F BATTERY BOOSTER which is a Full Wave Magnetic Rectifier, for 105-125 Volt 60 Cycle: A. C. Is it not gratifying to be Alvere Roady for Radiophone Broadcast Music onsd&:News whenFriendsCall? AMMETER eliminatesA |iGuessW ork. -F BATTERY BOOSTERSareC ompleteCompactConvenientlyPertable, Automatic Gharging Units. Infusible Carbon i Brushes Maintain Uninte: d Service, at Constant Efficiency, while Full Wave Design Delivers Rapid Taper Charge. | Screw nap cubs Plug in Lamp Socket; ™ on Battery Terminals & peitery, will ed in Morning No Skill is F-F TTERY BOOSTERS SAV Money. Last Lifetime. POPULAR hae Type 6 chargesA 6 VoltBattery at 6 amps $15 TypeB charges B Batteries up tol20Volts $15 Type A-B es ‘A&B’ tteries Type 12 charges 12 VoltBatteryAtéamps $15 2 tded lense preceey olt Petters as: 12amps +4 4 ‘Charges o tti t7amns ‘Tye 1626 is Combination of Types16681612 $28 Lar, ypes are for heavy Batteries. . SHIPPING SUP CHARGING tee : or ip 12 tte: ER Now or WRITE’ I fely. for BOOSTER Bulletin 17. THE|JFRANCE MFG. CO., CLEVELAN D, , U.S. A. Cc jan : Battery Service & Sales Co., Hamilton, Ontario, Canada THE WIRELESS _FXPERIMENTER’S MANUAL ucher This book thoroughly covers the entire field of amateur radio work, including the theory and design of amateur wire- less transmitters and receivers, the construction of trans- formers, high vol tage condensers, spark gaps. aerials masts and receiving sets for long and short wave receptions. 330 pp. Fully illustrated. Price $2.25 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY THE HOME WORKSHOP High Cost of Water Heating and How to Reduce It By John H. Schalek and E. D. Ivory (IMustrated with diagrams by theauthors) Bens of the least suspected causes of high gas bills is the familiar tank water heater. After many tests to determine the best method of applying and conserving the heat supplied to the water in tank storage sys- tems, it was found that thousands of gas consumers use nearly five times more gas to heat water for household purposes than is actually necessary. In every city there. are thousands of tank systems as inefficient as the one illustrated in Fig. 1. If this sys- tem is changed or remodeled to conform with Fig. 2, it will be found that for the same amount of gas the householder will be able to heat more water or the same amount of water to-a higher temperature, and, in addition, cook from 200 to 1000 meals a year. This is true whether he uses artificial or natural gas, or whether he pays fifty COLD WATER HOT WATER OUTLE? _> > weer Surrey NO FLUE PIP mn : COLD WATER) :: 7use , . A / MISSING }\ °: i 7 r COM PLETE Vol om BUSTION a: be BARE |: ges TANK coll aren in Myon nS es DAAIN INEFFICIENT BURNER AND MIKER - Fig. 1. Many tanks are nearly or wholly as inefficient as this one climate. ‘ are, in the order of their importance: _ _, water by-passes the heater. than is actually necessary. cents or one dollar for 1000 cubic feet, or whether he is located in a warm or cold The most glaring faults shown in Fig. 1 Cold water tube not in place so that cold Hot water inlet connection too low, making it necessary to heat more water 225 West 39th Street New York City, N. Y. Heater coil too short; this prevents the water from absorbing more than a small ‘percentage of the heat produced. Gas mixer closed or clogged by lint and dust, causing long, yellow, sluggish, soot- depositing flames. Poorly designed gas burner, resulting in incomplete combustion and _ producing highly poisonous gases. Coil covered with soot, which is one of the best heat insulators known. Even in installations where the foregoing faults are absent, it will be found that at least 40 per cent of the gas used can be saved by covering the tank with four thicknesses of corrugated asbestos paper. A thermo-valve is a gas saver worth in- stalling where a constant storage of hot water is necessary. It will maintain any temperature desired, prevent excessive heating of the water, and hold gas con- sumption down to actual requirements. (Continued on page 121) Popular Science M onthly. has a job for You Come to sunny California, to Los Angeles, the city of your dreams, Learn Auto Trades In Coast’s Biggest Schools We'd like to take every page of this magazine to tell you how National Automotive has -helped thousands of men to big pay auto jobs in California; how YOU can get a good job and earn big pay after a few short weeks training. But we've told the story in a great big wonderful illustrated auto book. Send for YOUR copy—it’s FREE. Your. Success Is Sure After NATIONAL Training Hundreds of men write: ‘I have increased my earnings 100%.” “I have built a wonder- ful garage business, and owe it all to Na- tional.” “I am well satisfied with National training; am sending my brother to take the course.” k It’s the National ‘practical shop training that counts. Actual construction work on all types of motors. Ignition, battery and lathe work—driving and vulcanizing. Special ad- vanced electrical course FREE. You KNOW autos when you complete the NATIONAL course, Special Low Tuition offer now. Earn your room and board, and a little more, while learning. Living expenses low in Cali- fornia—and it’s worth a million dollars to live there. Find out about everything in inter- esting illustrated auto book. Mail the coupon now. National Automotive School 824 S. Figueroa, Los Angeles, Cal. Please send me your 72-page il- justrated auto book—absolutely FREE 12 an Hour! Yet He Had Never Sold Anything Before “Tam enclosing my first order. I secured this in just three hours, Out of 40 calls landed 36. Pretty good, don’t you think?’’—W. H. Marion, Illinois, Think of it! $36.00 real profit first day in only three hours! And he was only a begin- ner, Hun s making more money than they ever dreamed possible with this wonderfulplan. 4 * No Experience Required No special ab » | needed, just a few hours conscientious work each day. I teach you each step to take. Folks who never sold anything before find it easy with the Davis Line. * my first ten boxes in less n one hour’’ says one chap. ‘All sold out; 80 boxes today, 4% hours work’’ writes another, And every sale means $1.00 clear profit to you! o APermanentBusinessof YourOwn Davis qrotnete are used every day in every home in the land. You build up a permanent list of customers in short time. We stand back of you. Qurality guaranteed by this 26-years old concern. Be your own boss. Be independent. Men and women representatives have been with us for years, making more euch year. $100 a weekis easy. FORD FREE ue. nl If You Act Quick No contest. No limit to number given away. ach and every producer gets a Ford as soon as he or she makes the quota. Brand new Ford Touring delivered to we by your local dealer on the most liberal offer this, de. Wh write me, 1 will full details. Right Sours hack thes of yosr to viart,, Don't mice cay special offers sow open. rite quick Before it: is too late. tae are E. M. DAVIS COMPANY Dept. 5799 (Established 1896) CHICAGO nov fror ope —— a os @£: éim tn tno Oh Goon EP a Se ae

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irn re tious | who Line, 3 one rites i! n the short ' this dent, s for December, 1922 — High Cost of Water Heating (Continued from page 120) Figure 3 shows the construction of a novel circulation tee that is easily made | from ordinary fittings. When a faucet is opened, the tee will draw water directly CIACULATION TEE COLD WATEA ! SUPPL GAS ASBESTOS JACKET Canvas WAAPPED) 1 SR PHEAMOVALVE S APIUS TABLE OFFICE FOR GAS BvANER Fig. 2. An efficient installation such as this cuts down the gas bills materially from-the tank with the exception of a small amount that flows from the heater through the small drilled holes. These holes allow THE HOME WORKSHOP | the withdrawal of water of the highest temperature and prevent an ex- cessive amount of colder water reaching the fau- cets. An _ ordi- nary tee allows water from the heater coil to by- pass the storage tank, with the result that as all of the water drawn passes through the heater coils, cold 4 SPECIAL AND EFFECTIVE HCHEMADE CUICULATION TEE Fig. 3. Circulation tec water soon a makes its ap- LD WATER r Ars Hor WATER pearance at the HEATER (Continued on page 122) faucets, since the flow is too rapid to permit the | water from being heated. Another hot water connec- tion, shown in Fig. 4, illustrates good practice. It is the so-called “high side” con- nection. The best practice is to connect the heater about 3 in. below’ the top of the tank. The efficiency Fig. 4. High side connection of this installa- tion is lower than the circulation tee connection, but is: some- times desirable in order to relieve the pip- ing from strains that are present in certain installations making use of circulation tees. thin. ELASTIC KNIT UNDERWEAR 5 HANES features that mean real Winter Comfort 1 Hanes Staunch Elastic Shoulders are made with service-doubling lap seam. They fit right, motion. Hanes Tailored Collarette won’t gap or roll. Fits snugly around your neck always, and keeps the wind out. 3 Hanes Elastic Cuffs are made far stronger with plenty of “give” for every and better than the usual cuff. They fit the wrist firmly and won’t flare or rip from the sleeve. Hanes Closed Crotch is cut and stitched in a special way that really keeps it closed. 5 Hanes Elastic Ankles hold their shape through repeated washing. They never bunch over your shoes, but always fit. ES, sir! These are mighty big advantages. You find them combined in no other popular- priced underwear. points of superiority. Hanes is made to fit—does it, binding or pulling. None of that bagging, sagging discomfort that all men dread. Every strain-point is strongly reinforced. Seams are flat and can’t irritate you. Buttons are on to stay. their shape. And last but not least—each Hanes garment is backed by the Hanes money-back guarantee. But they’re not the only Hanes Here are some others:- too, without And they hold through thick and Buttonholes keep Stop in at your dealer’s to-day and choose from y the Hanes line. It includes heavy shirts and drawers and heavy union suits in two weights. If your dealer can’t supply you, write direct to us and we'll see that you’re supplied. - Youngsters will like’ Hanes—warm, comfort- able, long-wearing union suits for boys. Two weights—heavy and extra heavy; sizes 2 to 4 have drop seat. HANES GUARANTEE: lutely—every thread, stitch and button. your money or give you a new garment if any seam Remember—Hanes Under- wear sells at popular prices Also knee length and short sleeves. We guarantee Hanes Underwear abso- We guarantee to return breaks. P. H. HANES KNITTING COMPANY, Winston-Salem, N. C. Neth Aum wear Hames full-cuf ephletic: Unuow Suity! HIGH GRADE WIRELESS Head Receivers, Microphones, Keys, Jacks, Ete. MANUFACTURED BY e e COMPANY STATE AND 64TH STS., CHICAGO, U.S, A vais ORD W123 SPORT OAR ¢"', Other types down to $3.50. Famous sure fit, Agg+ftt lifes size patterns and picture instructions show how. You 56% easily convert your Ford into this Sport Car as hun- one f° eds have done with afew dollars worth of materia: from the hardware store. No need lay up the car PAL” with j Keen, Classy ' waa Up-to the- Minute aa Rear only $6.40 deli i. Built | NOW whi e we can make 1 od delivany — ars, tes ,** Jifdy’ Tope and **Gosum" Home Billiard & Pool Tables Magnificently made in all sizes, at all prices. Game ex- actly same as standard table. Become expert at home Use in any room, on any house table, or on its own fold- ing stand. Quickly leveled. Put up or down ina :in- ute. Small amount down, small _monthly payments. Ask your dealer or WRITE US TODAY for Catalog. 'E. T. BURROWES CO., 91 Free St., Portland, Maine |KUEMPEL CO. 542 Kuempel Bidg., Guttenberg, tow: “==, DIAMONDS- WATCHES] CASH or Le © 2 59D) se , TEED distinctive in rll brilliancy, biue yaite, “Baptect cay Sent prepa iat for _— tite + foil; iained. Over 2,000 illustra- 2) tions 4 . Watches. Pearis, perfect iS Tewetr. Siverwate, et etc Solid White ee The Diamond Ring wot “y t Sety 0 one of a multitude shown in our lerwe 00 A WEEK | Catal ry uiite diamonds. $25 up Others at $100, $150 up. § LIBE Accepted ’ ° oy National Jewelers LOFTIS BROS. & & CO.y National loweters Dept. G-871

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Popular Science Monthly © THE HOME WORKSHOP —tsé«sd : __ High Cost of Water Heating | Hov $5 $687 &§8 SHOES ND WOM tae AND WOMEN One of the most wasteful installations rings are actually demanded year after year by among many thousands inspected, and one arran more people than any other shoe in the world that may be corrected easily, is the ordinary | the e BECAUSE: CAUSE: For style, material and workmanship tank heated by means of a horseshoe type a sp ' they are unequaled. gas burner. Without the heat-confining provi (a Protection against unreasonable profits is guaranteed and insulating jacket shown, the gas waste | WI a by the price stamped on every pair. is enormous. Only a small percentage of the | pack Years of satisfactory service have given them confi- heat developed penetrates to the water, the | only a ten ay te A 25, in og protection afforded by the greater part being wasted as convected W.L. DOUGLAS © sate ah take Mat as bb anes on heat. There is also, as in other bare tank oon cost. We do not make one cent of pore ghoes64.00694.50 systems, a great waste of heat through the “Se profit until the shoes are sold to you. It is worth dollars for ¥0J8 9f0es walls of the tank into space. you to remember that when you buy shoes at our stores | yw. 7. Douglas name An excessive volume of gas is required to i YOU PAY ONLY ONE PROFIT. ps pty Md ay Poe offset these losses, as it is necessary to heat | No matter where a age oad — ig ee ee —_ és the world. It stands the water over and over, and in most cases, J ° t t standar ; ; | 7 San Francisco than they do in New England. oF quality a the lowest whether in summer or winter, more than E*, (3 our $7.00 and $8.00 shoes | 725974 coh 7h mame | 4 COMPARE with any $10.00 or $12.00 stamped on . Peis A piece calle ) shoes made. ; of th ii If not for sale in your vicinity, send for free catalog. V7A nA : 5 lle nye is y be 4 — ~ your ord handles W. L. President . U: / glas Shoes, write today for exclusive rights to handle thi - | quick selling, quick oe se line. ' sSgmuaiinenil 196 Boot aeeckton taker vs Handicraft for Handy Girls ASBESTOS COVERED Vo-it With suggestions for the girl who likes to make things. GALVANIZED (ON ARROWS by ] Also for the camp fire girl and the one who likes to play and JACKET ENCASES (NPICATE TRAVEL | side: work out of doors. rice, postpaid, $2.15. THE TANK OF THE HOT Side: Seve § Science Monthly, 225 West 39 ch Street, New York City WASTE GASES in. § THAT FORMERLY WERE LOST leng whi 4 sink A and 3 scre ; Ladies’ iE . , NO Ring | Do you know \ 8 a boy who is mh Fig. 5. Iron jacket around tank increase FR crazy over heating sadam from 16 to 18 times poe HO x therefore makes even a wasteful heater wireless ? comparatively efficient if HEN THIS is what he wants i i | for Christmas—a gift that will half the heat put into the water is lost by enable him > read winston code radiation. messages. Is a methe 1a — will lead him quickly through the s It has been found that water can be groundwork of wireless into the a ae in heated more rapidly and with only one a ee te aaa bay teen geod fourth of the gas consumption by placing a ae to enjoy the full scope of his outfit. Mo emening new offer— wear this GENUINE I DIA. ~~ . = hing — “ +A 5, . if The Radio Code learned deposit nothing READ BVERY WORL en see ae ne snes snekes Se S ee quickly — Tis OF ——- a | tn larger in diameter than the tank to pro- 1 Adermenyenperimentawebave "Send No Money vide a 1/4-in. space into which the heated th discovered the fastest, the shortest P. air, otherwise wasted, will pass. The | th method. that will teach age ay No C.O.D. jacket will increase the heating surface | af oe etn tag nr Mail the Free Trial Coupon | or ie ee rom - factor in learning code. Ourmeth- Just send he compen below — oP oe enclose a aed - cent 0 e ra 1a ion osses wi e saved fle ; . e will se rov: oer ‘the ear accurately for all - pleby Coty .. erring our expense yourchoice | by covering the jacket with four layers of | fr ‘ eae ta & Deen hele Geren most beautiful hand engraved solid gold ladies’ ring you corrugated air-cell asbestos paper. If this = 1) four complete wireless, code les- mond. Pay noth mg when it —° is properly done, a crude and wasteful | > Wh pony eae gmc pear ma Soauabalerataraain at heater will be converted into an economical | #9 ; } 3 With these come the American gut gxpense. After @ week and efficient one. | _ it i Bas” oon Sedhggepageaal ali that ends the matter. Vou In cities where the water contains an ex- | ‘ Va ou keep thering,sendusonly cessive amount of sediment, the storage Bu o th Men’ a ive 1 ° A ' j - Text —— a i genie ow price ws od Id ee with tank should be drained in order to lengthen | + te ob Genk teak ahementite value, ‘Thering isanelaborate top, set with extra vine the life of the heater coil and tank. Drain- i & r : . fae Our special Christmas offer in- green gold ‘with hand en- fonuine diamond. Extra ing and flushing the system once a month e) bike cludes the code text-book and two arared ‘white anid tp. A | Eg Vales. Sow $38.75- | will help materially to secure good water 4) remarkable phonograph records— ee ee li- nang ec. 6D. "A heating service tl J all for $2.00. Order your set early ant, blue white, perfectly cut | week’s trial absolutely J Vv oh so the boy will surely have-it wait- —a remarkably big value. FREE ail coupon now. s a ~ mg him —" ge Sust mail the coupon below. Be sure to enclose finger IT q , = le — i. eye or phonograph, for the oe Suesaususeaneceesseussenae! saaeuacens Spray of Boiling Water Removes fl & Code C text-boo W 3} foe Ban tne thek et Se Harold LachmanCo. pone izes chicace Old Wallpaper > 4 records of the wireless code. If you ee eae ee tae Tan ee: : ie moe cepeur akar wk teeter: wotilng when i it arrives. After one week I will either return 6 gn of the quickest methods of remov- a closed and the set will be shipped Seas fa pt ty enti oe 8 has yop ing wallpaper utilizes a compressed- 4 ° you by return mail. Title remaing with you antil fally paid. HENCLOSEMY | air tank sprayer of 5 gals. capacity. This p ADDRESS— (D Ladies’ Ring No. A4350 () Men’s Ring No. A4450 is filled with boiling water, which is sprayed a : carefully on the walls so as not to damage V American Code, Inc. I ciccecsisenasapblainanianaasintassitintcsias a gpa or floors. ‘ 2 r e paper is easily removed; in fact. tings cmt BRE ccctviioneconinn id much of it separates from the wall before : it is touched.—C. J. WATTERS. he

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— eS a 3 oe December, 1922 [ —Ss THE HOME WORKSHOP | How to Build a Portable Stage (Continued from page 82) ‘rings at 1-ft. intervals along the top and | arrange pulls, as shown. By curtaining off the edges of the front wallboard panels for a space each side, dressing rooms can be provided on each side of the wings. When disassembled, the stage can be packed away in a space 11 ft. long and only a foot or two wide. “Sledan’? Gives Baby Protection from Wintry Blasts By Donald W. Clark Peped small boy and girl enjoys riding in an inclosed sled, or what may well be called a “‘sledan.”’ The body is independent of the sled and can either be attached to an old one or, if the builder has the time, a sled can be constructed to suit. Use oak, ash, or other hard wood for the sled. Make the sides and top boards of 14-in. wood. The cross braces are % by 214 by 16 in. long, cut as shown. Fasten the sides and top to the cross braces with 114- in. screws. For the runners use 3 ft. 9 in. lengths of strap steel, the under side of which should be convex. Drill and counter- | sink holes in the runners 6 in. on centers / and fasten them in place with flat head _screws 34 in. long. In-order to bend the Working details of the inclosed sled, the windows in which are of sheet celluloid ' ends it may be necessary to heat them; in that case allow them to cool off gradually after bending. Build the body frame of 34-in. square pine and fasten together with 134 in. No. 14 flat head nails. Make up the two side frames first, using 14-in. boards at the top to form the roof curve. Then put in the four corner cross pieces and fill in the others as indicated. Across the top, between the lj-in. boards, nail three webs of 14-in. wood. Build the frame of the door from pieces 34 in. square, but do not put on the hinges or knob until later. When the frame is complete, cover all except the spaces for the five windows, and the upper half of the door with sheets of veneer or boards of basswood or pine, 3/16 in. thick, nailing them on with 34 in. No. 18 flat head nails. Cover the joints on the inside where necessary with narrow strips of thin wood, using glue or small nails. Smooth up the surface, round off all sharp edges, and give the inside two coats of paint and the outside three coats. Then fit and hang the door and cover all the windows on the outside with sheets of celluloid fastened on with half round molding and light nails. Touch up the molding with paint and the sledan will be complete. | Sere cok AUN LD HN I ON Ar — — eo ae other useful things. TIMI NUNN OTD TO DODO ODOT TTT TT aes To Parents— CHEMCRAFT is a useful and practical pres- ent for any boy. It pro- vides instructive amuse- ment and teaches correct scientific facts. These outfits are endorsed by teachers and are used in schools and _ colleges. TT OO valuable assistance in their education from «@ (HEMCRAFD SOT N —7>— —————EE an ORSSCAMINI eae Join these Amateur Chemists! Start Your Own Chemistry Club, Have Real Fun and Learn the Wonders of Chemical Science E an Amateur Chemist. Work all kinds of wonderful experiments with your own chemical laboratory, just like a regular chemist. Test the things you eat, wear and use et day; learn how chemists make soap, dyes, inks and lots of CHEMCRAFT outfit will introduce rw to the wonders and m i chemistry—the most absorbing science there is tod time and give you practical and useful information is the Boy’s Own Chemical Laboratory Plan now to get CHEMCRAFT this Christmas. Then you can join the Chemcraft Chemist Club; be the Chief Chemist of your own local chapter and get other fellows into your Club. You'll pexe a of fine fun = 2 live oond, of mg ay you as their eader. ect your outfit from these five sizes: No. 0, 75c; No. 1, a oe $1.50; No. 2, $2.50; No. 3, $5.00; and No. 4, $10.00. ' Each outfit is complete with an assortment of chemicals, laboratory apparatus these outfits. and a Manual of Jnstruction. There are no explosive or poisonous UTS ysteries of - It will keep you busy and interested all the at will help you understand chemical science. chemicals in any outfit. CHEMCRAFT is scientifically correct and gives practical and useful information. CHEMCRAFT-MAGIC is another dandy outfit. Contains trick chemicals and appa- ratus to give a regular chemical-magic on including a Magic Wand which performs startling feats for the boy who knows the secret words. These tricks are equal to any performed by professional magi- cians. Thewhole outfit is only $3.00. Look forCHEMCRAFT and CHEM- CRAFT-MAGIC in any store that sells good toys. If unable to get them we will fill your order direct. West of Denver, Colo.; and in Canada, above prices are 10% more. Free to Boys A special Christmas number of The Chem- - craft Chemist Club magazine. A dandy book full of stories, news and new ideas from live boys. Send now for yours. It’s Free. The Porter Chemical Company Porter Products Put Science at Your Service 127 Washington St., Hagerstown, Md. Tragists0vitvu0uGivOT0000 UUOGATOOUOALTVUOOUAVOENUTOQNOUUCQHOOLN A OO Agents LARGE MANUFACTURER OF SHIRTS wants Agents to sell complete line of shirts direct to wearer. Exclusive patterns. Big values. No capital or experience required. Write for free samples. MADISON SHIRT MILLS Mf , 507 Broadway, New York, N. Y. “DONT SHOUT” “I hear you. Ican hear now as wellasanybody. ‘How? With THE MORLEY PHONE. I’vea pairin my ears now, but they are invisible. I would not know I had themin, myself, only that I hear all right.” The Morley Phone for the DEAF is to the ears what lasses are to the eyes. nvisible, comfortable, weightless and harmless. Anyone can adjust it. Over one hundred thousand sold Write for booklet and testimonials. THE MORLEY Cv.,, Dept. 797, 26 South 1dth Street, Philadelphia KEROSENE ENGINES OTTAWA LATEST DESIGN * ilt oes sg tee . ne jaran le FREE Write today. UFACTURING CO. 1951-O King St., Ottawa, Kansas. Pittsburg, Pa. s City offers hundreds of binpers Free, Fur Market List! Most money—quick- ions. Bi pays highest and then 6% more Cash Coupons. and creppery Cat- aiogeent REE. Get gone, baits, etc., without cost! Biggs’ eparate’”’ plan guarantees arket ri E. W. BIGGS & CO., 789 Biggs Bidg., Kansas City, Mo.

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Ww pagoda She SRN a LO = a Lt, paling ve se —— EL Roe Ea PYRITE ep ABE c nadore ie eer i a Tse a O —— ray ‘im, "oy Mi—SWEET Engagement Ring of 14K Solid Gold, set with a perfect- ly cut, blue-white Diamond. Price $50 M2—7-Diamond M3 — Perfectly Solitaire Cluster cut blue - white set in Platinum, Diamond set in resembles 24% ct. SWEET En- single stone. gagement Ring of Price $48.50 14K Solid Gold. Price $35 M4—The'*Daph- M5—Artistic de- M6 — SWEET'S ne” of Solid Plat- sign of Platinum, Cupid Solitaire of inum with apere its beauty en- Solid Platinum, fectly cut Dia- hanced by five ex- set with a perfec - mond box-set in quisite blue-white ly cut, blue-whit: hand - engraved Diamonds. Diamond. mounting. Price $135 Price $100 Price $65 M7—The Trojan of 14K Solid Green Gold, elaborated by a 7-Diamond Solitaire Cluster, set in Plati- num. M8 — Gentlemen's massive, hand-carved and engraved Ring of 14K Solid Green Goll, set with a per- fectly cut, blue-white Diamond in White Gold. Price $85 Price $90 M9—Ladies’ fine, 15-Jewel Wrist Watch with Sap- phire Jewel Stem and beautifully hand-engraved case of 14K Solid White Gold. Guaranteed against repairs for one year. Price $21.00 We'll send any of these beautiful articles Absolutely Free for your complete examina- tion and approval. If thoroughly satisfied, pay only one-fifth the price, then send the bal- ance in ten equal monthly payments. If not satisfied, return it and every penny will be immediately returned. You must be satisfied, ornosale. Transactions strictly confidential. FREE Send for your copy of 98- page colored iamond Book featurirfg Gifts You'll Be Proud to Give, and showing the greatest as- sortment of Diamonds, Watches and Jewelry — gifts for all occasions. Write to Dept. 472-T. “THE HOUSE OF QUALITY. CAPITAL $1,000,000. I:W-SWEET INC. 1650 -1660 BROADWAY, NEW YORK THE HOME WORKSHOP Penny-in-the-Slot Machine Vends Homemade Candy PENNY-IN-THE-SLOT machine is not difficult to build and can be used as a toy in the home or at carnivals and fairs to dispense homemade candies. It can be constructed mainly of wood without | any difficult mechanical work. The size depends upon what is to be sold in it. If caramels or sweets of similar size are to be distributed, the size will be smaller than if squares of cake are to be used. Consequently no definite dimensions are given. First, build a box and leave one side and the front detached to allow the assembling of the working parts. The front panel is sawed into two parts, the top part being somewhat smaller than the bottom. This upper part, which is used for a refill door, is hinged at one side and locked with a small padlock. It gives access to the tin supply COIN CHUTE COIN CHUTE SWEET HOLDER, BRACE ys COIN il TRIGGER | x AXLE SPRING = 4 RUNS STOP ee PULL HANDLE - SIDE VIEW- -FRONT VIEW- =—E ~~ S| COIN BUCKET —= UPRIGHTS SSS *DETAIL OF. TRIGGER AND SUPPORTS: *DETAIL OF PULL HANDLE., FILLING = / DOOR a c RUNS OF TIN HOLDER Details of the device, the dimensions of which depend upon the package to be sold holder, which is tacked to the inside of the larger section of the front panel. The working parts consist of the pull handle and the trigger. The pull handle is of hard wood and should be slightly wider than the width of the material to be vended and nearly as deep. The entire length must be about two-thirds the depth of the box. Near the handle cut a receptacle, B. It should be just a trifle larger than and not quite as deep as the packages. Just back of that, in about the middle of the handle, is a raised tooth, A, over which the trigger slips when in position. The handle is rounded off and projects in front of the box. Set this pull in a pair of tin runners extending from back to front, in the center of the box at the bottom. It must slide freely. Arrange a stop to prevent the handle from being pushed back any farther after the receptacle B has come directly beneath the holder. , Make a coin holder of a tin can and tack it to the bottom of the box about 1 in. back of the stop. The trigger can be whittled out of hard wood and a straight wire nail driven through the center will serve as an axle. This should be perfectly straight, however, (Continued on page 125) Popular Science Monthly Learnin Fe Az\, Cartooning This New Easy Way T’S all like a fascinating game—this new home-study method of learning cartoon- ing. You start with the basic principles ° of cartoon-making. Then you learn the little tricks of originating cartoon-ideas, the secrets of action, expression, and ex- aggeration. You progress rapidly through serious cartooning, comics, caricaturing, sport and animated cartooning until al- | most before you realize it you are drawing striking cartoons that SELL. Many stu- dents of this method have sold enough work while taking their courses to pay for them many times over! Over $100 a Week Learn cartooning this easy way. Never has the demand for cartoons been so great. Today maga- zines, newspapers, advertisers and movies use them. by the thousands. No matter how poorly you draw now, you can quickly qualify for one of the attractive positions in this fast-growing business. Just think of earning $3,000 to $20,000 a year for this work that is play. Successful cartoonists often get $25 to over $100 for single cartoons. Then there is the joy of the work itself—the thrill of seeing your own cartoon-ideas in print. Send For Free Book Mail coupon today for our handsomely illuse' trated book which is crammed full of- up-to-date interesting facts about . cartooning. It gives you an outline of the whole field of cartooning, de- scribes the opportiinities for you in this business, and explains in detail all about this new method which makes cartooning so pleasant tolearn. Send B& for it today! cL WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF — ™ CARTOONING ry 1088 Marden Building Washington, D. C. Washington School of Cartooning, 1088 Marden Bldg., Washington, D. C. Please send me your free book on Cartooning and details of your home-study method. NBINES cop isnes ok a oe shies eae eee oseG seen ° (Please write plainly.) PIGNCSS. ois ais asia cheese eemmws-seisee sen oieen ° CALY:.25 keene sabes che eaueae States vice s9eseniesan Sf ater dG, etete mage ..eeisessiscswce:s Pr | MAKE MONEY > AT HOME = OU “ earn from $1 to $2 an hour in your spare time writing show cards. Quickly and easily learned by our new simple “Instructograph” method. No canvassing or soliciting; we teach you how, guarantee you steady work at home no matter where you live, andypay you cash each week. Full particulars and Booklet Free. AMERICAN SHOW CARD SCHOOL 206 Ryrie Building Toronto,Can. ULTRA-LENS MICROSCOPES. Give high magnification at low cost. Made possible by a new system of lens construction on which patents are pend- ing. Powers from 2,500 to 250,000 times surface area (50 to 500 diameters) are available. Interesting circular PS sent on request. Complete outfits at $3.00, $4.00 and $5. At your dealers or by mail direct. THE SPECIALTY MFG. CO., MILTON, PA. Popular Science Month] ho | Decemb Decemt

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5 new | ‘toon. ciples ° | the » ideas, 1 ex. ‘ough Iring, 1 al- iwing stu- work them ek is the maga- them. | draw active ar for often there ; YOur ‘ | December, 1922 | “Supreme Authority” in all December, 1922 “thad six honest, serving men’; (They taught me all knew): Their names are WHATand WHY and WHEN, and HOWand WHERE and WHO.", ceune; WHAT was the Declaration of London? WHATare consols? : WHY does the date for Easter vary from year to year? WHEN and by whom was the great pyramid of Cheops built? HOW can you distinguish a malarial |f mosquito? : WHERE is Canberra ? Zeebrugge? Delhi? WHO was MotherBunch? MillboyY of the Slashes? Are these ‘six men" serving you too? Give them an opportunity | by placing WEBSTERS in your home, office, school, club, shop, library. This knowledge offers service, im- mediate, constant, lasting, trustworthy. Answers all kinds of questions. A century of developing, enlarging, and perfecting under exactingcare and highest scholarship in- sures accuracy, completeness, compactness, authority. The name Merriam on Web- ster’s Dictionaries has a like significance to that of the govern- ment’s mark on a coin. The NEw INTERNATIONAL is the final author- ity for the Supreme Courts and the Government Printing Office at Washington. Write for a sample Pies of the New Words, specimen of Regular and India Papers, also book- let “You are the Jury,” prices, etc. To those naming this magazine we will send free a set of Pocket Maps. G. & C. MERRIAM COMPANY Springfield, Mass., U. S. A. : Q Serre —-— = Penny-in-the-Slot Machine (Continued from page 124) THE HOME WORKSHOP and not allow the trigger to wabble. The axle works in two supports made of tin that straddle the back end of the pull handle and are tacked to the box bottom. It will be noticed that the back end of the trigger is flared up at an angle. This is so the coin will not spill until the trigger has tipped slightly, due to the coin’s weight. The bucket is made of tin and fastens to each side. The receptacle should be directly under the mouth of the holder and at the same time the trigger should be engaged over the tooth in the pull handle. The coin chute, which should be pointed down into the bucket on the trigger, is made from a flat metal tube or pieces of thin wood nailed and glued together. It must pitch at a sharp angle and project from the top of the box. A brace at the back serves to hold it rigidly. Provide a very light spiral spring to keep the pull handle against the trigger at all times. When completely assembled and work- ing smoothly, put on the remaining side and front panels and proceed to test the mechanism. Make sure that the trigger is counterbalanced so that the weight of the coin will just trip it when it strikes the bucket. Coin Trips the Trigger In operation, the coin slides down the chute, strikes the trigger, and tips it up. This releases the pull handle, which moves forward slightly from the tension of the spring. The coin drops into the coin holder and the trigger drops back on the curved portion of the tooth. Pull the handle out, remove the package from the receptacle, then push the handle back until stopped by the screw. This allows another bit to drop from the holder into the receptacle and permits the trigger to engage the tooth again. Thus the machine is set for the next coin. Several trials and-various adjustments will probably have to be made before the spring, stop, and trigger are just right, but when once properly set, the machine will work every time. The trigger must be balanced so that a certain weight coin will just trip it and the coin chute made to accommodate that particular coin. Paraffin rubbed on the various working parts pre- vents their sticking.—L. R. How to Tint Copper Green OPPER used outdoors for rain spouts, gutters, flashings, or other purposes useful or ornamental, can quickly be given the rich green tint that is caused ordinarily by two or three years’ exposure to the atmosphere. One method is to make a solution of 1 lb. of sal ammoniac and 5 gals. of water. This should be allowed to stand for a day before being applied with a brush to the copper. After the sal ammoniac has been on the metal for 24 hours, the surface should be moistened with clear water. Another method is to use in the same way a solution of 14 lb. salt and 2 gals. vinegar. Copper so colored usually blends well with wood and brickwork and therefore the artificial aging of the metal in this way is often utilized by architects.—T. W. | aD 125 POSITION | SALARY I ENGINEER | Lav wet REPAIR MAN 50 EN Aime | CHAUFFEUR |°4,() wt Put Your Name m™s Pay-«Roll Men like you are wanted for big-pay posi- tions in the fascinating field of automobile engineering. We have - Price made it easy for you to fit yourself for one of these positions. You don’t have to go to school. R d d You don’t have to serve e ucet an apprenticeship, Fif- | Down goes the price teen automobile engi- |on these famous Auto neers and_ specialists |Books. We have have compiled a spare jinduced our printers time reading course that jand binders to cut will equip you to be an | the price they charge automobile expert with- | us. We pass this sav- out taking anytime from [ing on to our cus- your present work. tomers, Mail Coupon Now For FREE Trial AUTO BOOKS 6 Volumes Shipped Free Pe cae List Now ready for you — oo a an up-to-the-minute six- | More than 190 Blue- volume tibrary on Auto- rints of Wiring mobile Engineering, cov- sagrams ering the construction, | Explosion Motors care and repair of pleas- | Welding A ure cars, motor trucks | Motor Construction and motorcycles. Brim- and Repair ming over with advanced POD Oe information on Lighting ettings . Systems, Garage Design | Valves, Cooling and Equipment, Welding | Lubrication and other repair methods. Fly-W Containseverything that }| Clutch. a mechanic or an engi- | Transmission neer or motorcyclist or | Finel Drive the owner or prospective | Steering Frames own-r of a motor car | Tires oug.ic to know. Written —— in simple language tha ¢ anybody can understand. Stertigs and Light: Tastefully bound in | .jns pysems American Morocco, fiex- | Shop Kink iG ible covers, gold stamp- | Commercial Garage ed, 2,650 pages and 2,100 Design and Equip- illustrations, tables and ment explanatory diagrams. | Electrics Storage Batteries A library that cost thou- } scape yee sands of dollars to com- pile but that comes to | Motorcycles you free for 7 days’ ex- Commercial Trucks amination. Glossary Only :10c a Day Not a cent to pay in ad'vance.. First you see the books in your own home or shop. Just mail coupon and pay express charges when books arrive. You can read them and study them for seven whole days before you decide whether you want to keep them or not. If you like the books send only $2.80 in seven days and $3 a month until the special in- troductory price of $21.80 has been paid. (Regular price $45.) Send No Money Now Don’t take our word for it. See the books without cost. There is so much profit in this offer for you, that we urge you to waste not a moment in sending for the books. Put the coupon in the mails to- day. Send no money— just the coupon! American Technical Society, Dept.A-209 Chicago, Ill. Se A RU AN, DE Se ise SMS SER Soe SOE a Te eri AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY Dept. A-209 Chicago, Ill. Please send me the 6-volume set, Automobile Engi- neering for 7 days’ examination, shipping charges col- lect. If I decide to buy, I will send $2.80 within 7 days and the balance at $3 a month until the $21.80 has been pets. Then you send me a receipt showing that the 45.00 set of books are mine and fully paid for. If [ think I can get along without the books after the seven days’ trial, I will return them at your expense. ee P eee eee eee eee Cee eee eee eee) PERS a StS ee Ported ey tet ey ee Lee cecheaiaenteiaiiie’-ciea Sores Saag

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DOR Sip LAER ae MOT ee ee car a (MS NRE Fb. Sere “I’m Going to Make More Money!” “T’m tired working for a small salary. I know I have just as good a head on me as Fred Moore and Bob Roberts, for we used to work side by side. But they’ve gone far ahead of me. “Why? Because they saw the value of special training, and I didn’t. “But I know better now. If the International Correspondence Schools can raise the salaries of men like Fred Moore and Bob Roberts, they can raise mine, too! “If they have helped others to ad- vance, they can help me. Tae Sl right now—I’m going to send in this coupon and at least find out what the I. C. S. can do for me.” en ae Sena serensence SCHOOLS C, Scranton, Penna. Without me. a Bec on my part, please tell me how I can qualify for the position or in the subject before which I haye marked an X: BUSINESS TRAINING DEPARTMENT Business Management Salesmanship industrial Management Advertising ey Organization Better Letters ust sinese Law nate Stenoer phy and ‘Typing } ness mography Ds Banking and Banking usiness En: —~ ae en tte A P.A.) Civil —_ Nicholson Cest Accounting Railway Mail Clerk Bookkeeping mmon School Subjects Private | Secretary High School Subjects Business §, OD French Illustrating TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL. DEPARTMENT Electrical Engineering Architect Electric Lighting Blue Print Reading Mechanical Engineer _jContractor and Builder Mechanical Draftsman _JArchitectural Draftsman Machine Shep Practice Concrete Builder Railroad Positions r ee Engine Operating mistry [ Pharmacy Civil Engineer Autemobile Work jSurveying and Mapping Airplane Engines Metallurgy Agriculture and Poultry Steam Engineering D) Radio Mathematics Name Btreet Address.............. . City Btate ae a a Persons residing in Canada should send this coupon to the International Correspondence Schoole Oanadian, Limited, Montreal, Canada. -——_--—— | Child’s Folding Chair Resembles THE ESSENTIAL GRID LEAK FOR TUBE SETS The ELECTRAD grid leak has been proven by actual test to be the ideal resistance unit for better receiving. Tubular glass-enclosed. Guaranteed resistance value. Use Electrad Grid Leaks for Perfect Reception. Attractive discounts to jobbers. Write for prices. THE ELECTRAD CORPORATION . OF AMERICA 239 Wooster Street BRANCH OFFICES San Francisco, CAL WasuIncTon, D. C. ATLANTA, GA Prrrenunc. Pa. THE HOME WORKSHOP Grotesque Cat CHILD’S chair that meets with in- stant approval from the young- sters because of its resemblance to arunning cat, can bemade from any odds and ends of boards. The first step in making the chair is to lay out a full-size paper pattern. An _ unusual chair for the kiddies ¥Y-in. framework either fitted with a panel of | three-ply veneer, covered with a leather bottom, or made solid, as preferred. frame with two hinges and a screen door spring hinge. The latter causes the arm rest to open automatically when the chair is unfolded. Both the front and the rear legs are attached to the seat frame with SPRING HINGE FOR FOLDING are braced by means of a 5- in. dowel at the bottom, and the front legs are braced by a hardwood slat. A screw pass- es through each of the back legs from the inside in the position co Se Se SERRE Areas ¥ = it ' “+ "4 uf] i a4 + Wy ' hoa -'t il yal ™ i: 1 1 Mm fu Wl SEAT i! ny i} | it i! | + is vw ' Wa ‘ost L | ei! om | a 1 a i af i ACT EO ae | SPRING a - w—--5--_-. fj ff me ee cy deste SPRING HINGE ons “~ ARM REST - — BACK LEG SEAT FOLDING ARM REST ~« | How the parts are shaped and put together indicated and the point is filed off so that the New York City Cuicaco ILL, (RR) OES RARER ONL EN RIOR end of the screw forms a blunt stud. This fits, into a groove inthe inside of the corre- sponding front leg, so that the two together form a sliding guide, as illustrated. The back- rest is 3/16-in. three-ply veneer. —J. F. J. ou Each arm rest is attached to the seat | screws in such a way that they pivot freely. | The back legs © Then cut out the two back pieces, the front | legs, and the arm rests. The seat is a | et Pv : -ciPes Fe FORMULA * pace SF s TWENTIETH CENTURY Book of Recipes, Formulas and Processes This book of 800 pages is the most complete Book of Recipes ever published, — thousands of recipes for the manu- ture of valuable articles for every-day use. Hints, Helps, Practical Ideas and Secret Processes covering every branch of the useful arts are given. 10,000 Practical Formulas— The Best Way to Make Everything A book to which you may turn with confi- dence that you will find what you are looking for. A mine of information, up-to-date in every respect. Contains an immense number of formulas that every one ought to have that are not found in any other work. Price $4.00 Popular Science Monthly 225 West 39th Street, New York BY DOING Every phase of all ranches of ELECTRICITY taught by Actual Practice In America’s foremost and oldest institution for trade training. No Books Used Individual Instruction. Start Any Day Write for FREE 64-page catalog THE NEW YORK ELECTRICAL SCHOOL | 40 West 17th St., New York City Popular Science Monthly Decembe ——— OOCASH _——— $1332°° AND F-Chvi =r : This Offer OpentoMenand Women! A few choice places open for willing workers—men and women—as “Direct from the Factory” R ntatives—to introduce our nationally advertised “Zanol” line of class Food and ot mango Specialties. All or part time k. No no capital needed. Workers making as high a: ooo e's to $100 Pp Beginners $5 to $10 aday. Write os particulars and Free Ford Offer today. American Products Co., 7238 American Bldg., Cincinnati, 0.

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le > 7 December, 1922 embraces 62 instruments—58 parts— the largest and most comprehensive line produced by any radio manufac- turer. They should be had at all worth- while retail stores throughout the United States and Canada. In selecting your radio equipment at your dealer’s insist on seeing Duck’s products—products that have stood the test of time. DUCK’S Big 256-page Combination Radio Textbook and Catalog as well as all former edi- tions, is now, as in the past, all radio catalogs in one. No other even half so large. It displays not only Duck goods, but the products of practically all worthwhile manufacturers and con- tains more up-to-date and practical radio information than will be found in many text books. 1 Send 25¢ in coin for this wonderful book—a retainer that hardly pays the cost of printing. All goods sold with a prompt service or money back guarantee. THE WILLIAM B. DUCK CO. 224-228 Superior St., Toledo, Ohio Established 1909 Dealers—We offer facilities and advantages not equaled by any other radio house. Write or wire for our proposition. Agents---Here It Is Something new. Wonderful invention. The Serenola does more than machines costing 10 times its price. Taking the country by storm. Orders taken for over a thousand a week. Big demand. Easily carried with you anywhere. Built 4 in just like a_ suitcase. Fully guaranteed. Low price. Must satisfy cus- tomers or money back. Easy to Take Orders bens je best and most table proposition we pave ever offered. Big mon- ey on every order. No capital needed. No col- lecting. Pay you every day. Get started at once. Some of our representatives making from $7 to $21 a day. No competition. Territory given. Don’t po up this wonderful opportunity. PERRY-LUDLOW CO., S. 447 DAYTON, O. THE HOME WORKSHOP | No Danger of Youngsters Falling CLASS _ PINS O FREE CATALOG Svs iis%chauw in cusss immer Either pin illustrated made with any 8 let- ”, BY ters and 2 figures, oneor two colors enamel. ‘ ea., $2.00 doz. Sterling ‘ » $4.00 doz. Write for catalog ‘ sterling and solid gold pins and rings, Bastian Bros.Co, 450 Bastian Bldg., Rochester, N.Y. eoea 7S ee ’ That’s what ory Berger jaokeob by just showing housewives amazing New Kin ~4 Heat ica that does away with * wood, eliminates a “ve Gods setters made selon mate Sat hy & pat Bis e h f coal—at turn of valve ot alr, 6 oll 100 O00 cold. Sella itself al ‘01 x! Agents clean up, Write to5 exclusive territory and Machine Co., 2007-X Oliver Bidg., St. Louis, Mo. a ~*ggenseagele Then-you need this $ Xs 3 po ts Serpent, Hin- mates ducharm against evil é Anan . spirits, sickness, speils, and syn- > bol of good luck inlove business, games. Heavy, weird and as Genuine 14-Karat gold shell year guarantee, Men and Women Secret *‘formula for luck’’ free 4 WT with ring Send measure (string tied around finger). Ati O. Baba, Box 55, 116 Str. Sta., New York. Pay $2.27 to postman. from This Rocker A that is a delight to children and quite safe is readily constructed. The illustration is self-explanatory. - For very small children the rockers may be made of good stout barrel hoops, using two pieces, one inside the other, to give ample strength. For a bigger job the rockers may be of heavier wood, steamed and bent, or of sawed-out sections made of 34-in. lumber. If a little care is taken in the work and the rocker given a coat of bright-colored paint, it will look very attractive. Rubber matting may be tacked to the footboards.—H. GREENE, New York. Silvering Old Electric Bulbs for Christmas Tree Ornaments VERY attic usually has an accumula- tion of old electric bulbs which are of no value and are invariably thrown out at every housecleaning season. These bulbs may be made into ornaments for the Christmas tree, and are as effective as the colored glass balls bought for the purpose. To give the bulb a silvery appearance, the inside surface must be treated. The projecting tip of the bulb should be broken off by wrapping the bulb in a piece of cloth and breaking the tip with a hollow key ora pair of pincers. The silvering solution should be pre- pared as follows: About 8 grams of silver nitrate is dissolved in 14 glass of water and the solution divided into two equal por- tions. Four grams of Rochelle salt is dis- solved in 1 qt. water heated to boiling. Slowly add to this solution one of the silver solutions, and boil for 10 min. To the other solution add just enough am- monia to dissolve any cloudiness that is first formed, and then add 1% glass water. Equal portions of these solutions are mixed and a little of the mixture poured into the inside of the bulb. After the bulb is shaken and the excess liquid poured out, the bulb is allowed to stand for about 10 min. A bril- liant coating of silver will form on the inside. After silvering, the bulbs should be tinted different colors by dipping them in variously colored lacquer. The lacquer may be purchased in small quantities so that a variety of colors may be obtained. The silvery surface on the inside and the colored tint on the outside give a brilliant appearance. The brass piece at- the base may be neatly covered by wrapping it with silver leaf or tinfoil and looping a piece of wire or cord around it to make it ready for hanging.—B. Fox, New York. FORMICA Radio Panels Because they look better. Because they work more easily. Because they have the high- est dielectric strength. Because they defy moisture, and do not warp. Because their uniformity is remarkable. Because they are approved by the navy and signal corps. Because radio men every- where have come to prefer them. Your dealer has Formica or can get it. We can refer him to a wholesale stock in his locality. Our own large capacity makes immediate delivery possible. DEALERS: A stock of Formica carries with it important advertising and sales cooperation. The demand for For- mica quickly clears your shelves. THE FORMICA INSULA- TION COMPANY 4630 Spring Grove Ave. Cincinnati, Ohio ORMICA Alam SHEETS TUBES SES RODS aa faite SLRS

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ate a fee TR ee NY ssiooe Member nee oe smn * cs ae s Sas bo anon SS = wee’, EARLE E. LIEDERMAN as he is to-day lif You Don’t Exercise— YOU DIE! It’s the plain truth, fellows, and you might as well face it. The human body demands exercise to keep it alive just as surely as it does food. If you doubt it, tie your arm to your side for one month and watch it waste away. There’s a RIGHT way and a WRONG way Some say, “That’s all right, but you can exercise too much.’ Right again. You can also kill your- self by over-eating, but you eat just the same. We have been taught to eat moderately three times a day and we get the best results. But what do you know about exercise? What exercise will do you the most good? And how much and how often should you take it? There is only one way to find out. SEEK THE MAN "WHO KNOWS — When you are sick you go to a doctor for advice because he has devoted his life to the study of medicine and its effect on the human system. I have made ‘“‘muscular development”’ my life study. I have proven my system on both myself and my thousands of pupils who are now among America’s leading strong men and directing big business enterprises. A PROVEN SUCCESS Why do leading physicians and physical directors recommend my system so highly? There is but one answer. It never fails. I don’t promise strength. I guarantee it. Inside of 30 days I will add one full inch to your arms and two inches to your chest. Meanwhile, I work on every muscle of your body—both inside and out. But that’s only a starter. I want 90 days in all to make a real he man out of you. I give you a physique that will make your friends admire you and respect you. I put a flash to your eyes and a spring to your step that only come with abounding health and strength. I put real pep in your old back-bone and give you a clear thinking brain to handle any problem set before you. This is no idle prattle. Come on and make me prove it. Make me cat my words. I like it because I know I can doit. If you want to let your body rot away, keep on the way you're now doing, but if you want to be a live one Send for My Book *“MUSCULAR DEVELOPMENT’’ It Is FREE It contains dozens and dozens of full page photo- graphs of both mygelf and my numerous pupils. This book is bound to interest you and thrill you. It will be an impetus—an inspiration to every red blooded man. I want every man and boy who wants to be strong to send the attached coupon and the book is his—abso- lutely free. All I ask you to cover is the price of wrap- ping and postage—10 cents. Remember this does not obligate you in any way. Don't delay one minute— This may be the turning point in your life to-day. So ae the coupon and mail at once while it is On your mind. EARLE E. LIEDERMAN Dept. 1312, 305 Broadway, New York City EARLE E. LIEDERVAN Dept 1312, 305 Broadway, New York City Dear Sir: I enclose herewith 10c. for which you are to send me without any obligation on my a copy of your latest book, ‘‘ Muscular Please write or print pl: ainly. art whatev er evelopment.”” r each night. THE HOME WORKSHOP. Fire in Stove Provides Smudge for Smoking Fish UTUMN and early winter, when the fish are at their best, are the times to catch and smoke them. Generally the smudge is made inside the house, but a better method is to use an ordinary sheet-iron heater with a pipe to carry the smoke into the house. The only time the door of the house is opened is when the fish are turned. The house is made of boards and is from 3 to4 ft. square and 7 to 8 ft. STICKS FOR FISH & OPENING salt to 1 gal. of water. “BETWEEN BOARDS high. The fish are laid onsticks as close to the the top as possible. Spaces of 1 in. are left between boards throughout, in- cluding the roof. These -are suffi- cient to let out the smoke. Before fish are smoked, they should be cleaned, but not scaled, and the heads cut off. When thor- oughly washed, dip each fish in hot water. The fish are then soaked for 24 hours ina pickle in the proportion of 1 lb. of barrel When removed, the fish are washed in fresh water for half an hour or longer. They are then drained and dried with cloths. They should be smoked for three days and taken out and hung up in the cool air On the fourth day a fire is built inside the smokehouse to cook the fish, the smoking not being sufficient. This fire should be made of a clear burning wood, such as oak or ash. Later the fish are dried and hung in a cool, dry, place.—R. L. Blacksmith-Penman Writes Cards to Make Extra Money eee (Submitted in the ‘‘How I Made Money with My Tools’’ Contest) I DO not know what specific tools you have reference to, but if pens, penholder, and ink can be classified as tools, I will ex- plain how I made extra money with tools that cost me about 12 cents. Twenty years ago, when I was married, I was earning a little over $7 a week in a blacksmith shop at York, Pa. I needed more money, but could not afford to make any outlay for tools or- materials. I de- cided, therefore, to do pen-and-ink work. My first attempts at card writing were dis- couraging, but I found that plenty of patience and will power were all that was I soon earned from $2 to $3.80 in an even ng after my day’s work, and often more than $6 in nine hours necessary to suceeed. at picnics. I have earned good money ever since at spare times and the work has proved a source of p'easure to this very day. I never received instruction, but learned from penmanship journals. Besides card writing, I do engrossing, sign writing and a I am now cabinet ‘NMforeman in. a furniture factory and also have charge of all machine repair work, and I possess a variety of carpenter, plumb- I must thank my pen and paper for much of my success. variety of pen work. ing and machine tools. young men to their evening spare hours, through anew kind oO! ence instruction that brings ‘‘the most service for the money. friendly counsel. Mark and mail the coupon below. Better Letters Agricultural Courses Applied Psychology Architecture Automobile Courses Building Construction Civil Engineering Courses Drafting Courses Klectri English Courses Factory Management Foreign Languages Foremanship Ilighway Engineering ‘ourses High School C Illustrating Popular Science Me pitted * tay According to the chemists, a man contains enough water to wash a pair of blankets, enough lime to whitewash a chicken-coop, enough phosphorus to make a thousand matches, and enough sulphur to kill the fleas on one dog. All this material can be bought at a drug-store at the junk price of 98 cents. On the other hand, a man weighing 150 pounds, if all gold, would be worth $20.75 per Troy ounce, or about $50,000, which at six per cent. interest has an earning power of $3,000 a year, almost $60 a week. Are You Junk or Gold? Many thcusands of other men are proving them- selves worth their weight in gold, or much more, They rise to this value by developing their Bigger Selves, by storing their minds with useful education, Let us tell you, free of charge, how we are helping ambitious become ‘‘worth their weight in oneal during corres pond- You can't afford not to avail yourself of this Some of our 300 Correspondence Courses usiness Courses Accountancy Business Law * Advertising Complete Letter-Writing Banki Office Management Public Speaking 3 Bookkeeping Salesmanship Business Arithmetic Secretarial Business Administration Show Card | aaa Business English erg pe Business Finance Traffi anagement Technical and Other Courses Insurance Courses Mathematical Courses Mechanical Envineering Own-Your-Home Course Plan Reading we Poultry Husbandry Radio Engineering Radio Telegraphy Steam Engineering Courses Structural Drafting Surveying Use of the Slide Rule Vocational Guidance Are you an ex-service man? ondence Instruction 335 ton Avenue New York City Courses ¥ Dept. 8-D Without obligating me, please advise regarding the course ia CORR ee meme eee eH ee Eee eee eee ereeeeeeserereseseses eset — sm DM = ee ee a Describes ard illustrates our larse complete stock of Racio Equipment of all kincs. We can make imme- diate shipments of proven, re- liable equipment. Protect yourself against disappointment by fee... advantage of our experience and reliability. or Genuine Cunningham or Sunt Oe ll tell Detector Tube. Free catalog sent on request. JULIUS ANDRAE, ¢ & SONS co. 119 Michigan pte ‘Milwaukee, Wis.) Convert some Bicycle las a Metor Cycle Dept. S by using a Steffey Motor Attach- ment. Simrlest machine on the market. Fits any ordinary be evcle. Easily attached. Prac- tical—Successful. Send stamp for circulars. STEFFEY MFG. CoO. 5025 Brown St., Phila., Pa

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fF ht enough lime to orus to t to kill bought pounds, ince, or has an veek, d? them- | more, Bigger cation, "ned uring espond- he least of this ses ng ime- 1, Te- tect ment itity. 2 or Cycle ttach- on the iry bé Prac- ~ulars. .» Pa al ; December, 1922 a THE HOME WORKSHOP Electric Scrubber Saves Labor (Continued from page 78) of 1/8 by 1 in. steel, bolted and screwed to the frame. On this piece of wood are two angles, between which the handle is bolted. The motor is mounted on the inside of the block. The driving gear, fastened on the motor shaft, is 114 in. in diameter, and the driven gear is 10 in. in diameter. The driven gear is made up from a circular piece of 3¢in. steel, to which is fastened by means of 14-in. cap screws, a 10-in. speedometer gear. Through the center of the 3¢-in. plate a hole is drilled for the crankshaft. The crank- shaft is made from a piece of }4-in. round steel rod and has a 3-in. throw. It is welded to the plate on the bottom. A piece of steel, 14 by 114 in., and 11 in. long serves for a connecting rod. The brush holder is a piece of oak 4 in. wide, 12 in. long, and 24% in. thick. At each side a 14-in. plate, 234 in. wide and 12 in. long, is fastened with countersunk screws. Along the center of each plate is a 34-in. square steel rod 12 in. long. It is drilled so that countersunk screws may pass through it and the plate and enter the wood. In the middle of the holder, a hole is cut about 1 in. wide and 7 in. long, to accommodate the water pipe. Four holes are then drilled for the bolts from the brush. Brush Pressure Is Adjustable A regular scrubbing brush with a -in. steel plate screwed to the top of it is used. Cavities are cut into the top of the brush to accommodate the heads of the bolts that run through the steel plate and fasten the brush to the holder. A hole is cut in the center of the brush, as in the holder, to accommodate the water pipe. Springs are placed on the bolts before being inserted into the holder. This allows an adjustment of the pressure of the brush on the floor. On the inside of the frame, at the front end, two pieces of 34-in. square iron rods 15 in. long, are screwed with countersunk screws, leaving a space between for the 34-in. rod on the brush holder, so that it may slide back and forth easily. At one end of the brush holder is bolted two clips, bent up to serve as a connection for the connecting rod. A galvanized tank, Sin. wide, 2 ft. 11% in. long, and 12 in. high, is used to hold the water. The tank has four bolts running out from the bottom near each of its four corners. They engage in four holes drilled in the tank supports. The dotted line in the plan shows the tank outline. A Y-in. pipe, with a %-in. spring valve, comes out of the bottom of the tank. It is located about 6 in. back from the front edge, exactly in the middle, and passes through both the brush and the brush holder. The spring valve mentioned can be purchased at any plumbing store. It is the type that opens by a direct pull on the valve stem and closes by a spring. A flex- ible cable runs from the valve stem to te handle, where it terminates in a hook. The parts of the handle, which is made of 11%-in. hickory, are bolted together. Before operating the scrubber, the tank should be filled with water and washing powder, or soapsuds. Then the plug is connected with an electric-light socket, ready tostart. The hook attachment to the flexible cable is pulled and water is squirted (Continued on page 130) ATENTS ears COPYRIGHTS SPECI AL OFFER FREE OPINION AS TO PATENTABLE NATURE Before disclosing an invention, the inventor should write for our blank form ‘*Record of Invention.’® This should be signed and witnessed and if returned to us together with model or sketch and description of the invention, we will give our opinion as to its patentable nature. Our Three Books Mailed Free to Inventors Our Illustrated Guide BOOK HOW TO OBTAIN A PATENT Contains full instructions regarding U. S. Patents. Our Methods, Terms, and 100 Mechanical Movements illustrated and de- scribed, Articles on Assignment or SALE OF PATENTS, Patent Practice and Procedure, and Law Points for inventors. OUR TRADE MARK BOOK Shows the value and necessity of Trade-Mark Protection and gives information regarding unfair competition. OUR FOREIGN BOOK We have Direct Agencies in all Foreign 7 Countries. Write for our illustrated Guide Book on Foreign Patents. Send for List of Patent Buyers containing unsolicited Letters from Manufacturers and others Wishing to Buy Patents. SPECIALIZATION Our Staff The field of invention is so vast that it is impossible for any one to become an expert in all the different classes of invention. Only those skied in the class to which the invention relates are capable of rendering efficient service. For tlis reason Victor J. Evans & Co. employ a number of patent lawyers and mechanical experts who have been selected for their special knowledge and ability in certain lines of invention. Each case is placed in charge of experts in the classes to which the invention relates. THE VALUE OF YOUR PATENT Will depend much upon the skill and care with which your case is prosecuted in the United States Patent Office. We spare neither time nor pains to secure the broadest possible patents that the inventions will warrant. That every case entrusted to us receives our best efforts, and that our work is done consistently, skillfully and thor- oughly is evidenced by the many unsolicited letters of commendation that we receive constantly from our clients. We will furnish upon request lists of clients from any State in the Union for whom we have secured patents. Our New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Chicago, and San Francisco Offices Owing to the growth of our business we have established for the benefit of our clients Branch Offices in New York City, Philadelphia, Pa., Pittsburg, Pa., Chicago, Ill., and San Francisco, Cal. These branch offices being located in these large commercial cities, together with our Main Office located near the U. S. Patent Office, in Washington, enables us to more promptly handle the business of our clients, par- ticularly as the branch offices are in constant touch with the Main Office and fully equipped to handle patent business in all its branches. Highest References—Prompt Attention—Reasonable Terms fy ANY I \! ANI hy (eta) \ VICTOR J. EVANS & CO. iy "7 it Patent Attorneys KK All With tee Yooh Onene Philadelphia Offices Pittsburgh Offices = 1007 Woolworth Bldg. 714-715 Liberty Bldg. 514 Empire Bldg. Chicago Offices, 1114 Tacoma Bldg. San Francisco Offices, Hobart Bidg- iN AW HV i Ke = i H ll ‘iit | | ; ! WAP Al||| Main Offices, 760 9th Street, Washington, D.C. Ting Wik U }il| Gentlemen: Please send me FREE OF CHARGE your books i} bo “i as described above. AMAA i, nth

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pep ras PEELS OP GRIT ITS AES ET RS FN SEED LAN ga EEN Te SES TAG So rane Pe RB Popular Science Monthly. etc. oe ewes wee es et ee ee ee ew ew ee oe a PATENTS SECURE A PATENT, send for Our Guide Book, HOW TO |GET A PATENT, sent free on request. Send model or sketch and description of your invention and we 3 will give our opinion as to its ' patentable nature. NAME.....0e PPITTTITT Titi tte Secccveces ] rahi iiiishonniasiqosnventiscyinncenye! RANDOLPH & CO. | SE OO NN a aa oes a y 130 F St., N. W., Washington, D. C. IF YOU HAVE AN INVENTION and DESIRE TO LEARN HOW TO Tells our Terms, Methods, PRACTICAL AMATEUR WIRELESS STATIONS This book contains best suggestions of thirty-three expert- menters on building, installing and operating experimental stations for radio communication. Profusely illustrated. 136 pp. Price 75c Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New York City NIN j dab Sie, end teh : : , he SO By es spk i e To the Man With an Idea I offer a most comprehensive, ex- perienced, efficient service for his prompt, legal protection and the development of his proposition. Send sketch, or model and description, for advice as to cost, search through prior United States patents, etc. Pree liminary advice gladly furnished with- out charge, My experience and familiarity with various arts, frequently enable me to accurately advise clients as to prob- able patentability before they go to any expense, Booklet of valuable information and form for properly disclosing your idea, free on Tequest. Write today. P RICHARD B. OWEN Patent Lawyer 6 Owen Building, Washington, D.C. 2276-D Woolworth Building New York City DON’T LOSE YOUR RIGHTS | TO PATENT PROTECTION Before disclosing your invention to anyone send for blank form ‘‘EVIDENCE OF CON- CEPTION” to be signed and witnessed. A sample form together with printed instructions will show youjust how to work up your evi- dence and establish thesame before filing ap- plication for patent. As registered patent at- torneys we represent hundreds of inventors all over the United States and Canadainthead- vaneement of inventions. Our schedule of fees willbe found reasonable. The form ‘Evidence ff of Conception,” sample, instructions relating to obtaining of patents and schedule of fees sent upon request. Ask for them,—a post card will do. PATENTS ANO TRADE MARKS 274 Ouray Bldg. WASHINGTON, D. C. Originators of forms ‘‘Evidence of Conception.” 132 PATENTS Booklet Free Highest References Promptness Assured Best Results Send drawing or model for preliminary examination of Patent Office records and report as to patentability. All Business Given Prompt and Proper Attention WATSON E. COLEMAN, Patent Lawyer 624 F St., Washington, D. C. = PATENTS TRADE-MARKS COPYRIGHTS Send for our free book of patent information Beale & Park 2's: eee? PATENTS Send us sketch os model for patentability upinion and exact cost of patent. Our boo! “How to in a Patent CHANDLEE & CHANDLEE, 25 Years‘ Experience - 437 Seventh St. Washington, D. C. CAN YOU think of a simple, practical idea that will fill one of the many ree quests we have on file for new inven- tions? It may meana fortune for you. Thousands of things are needed RiGutT Now. Your brains can help. Send to- day for our great new book—“‘Invene tions and Trade Marks, Their Protection and _ Exploitation” and learn more about making money from ideas than you ever knew before. It tells many * things that are wanted, too. A postal will do— it ie free. PATENTS ADVERTISED For SALE FREE We help our clienta, without charge, to get the dollars out of their ideas—having facilities none others possess. iene Sone In INVENTION And book at once, "WM MANUFACTURING AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT. INDUSTRIES, INC. Published for the man with an idea. Send for free sample 201 Patent Dept., copy. One year’ssub- WASHINGTON, D. C. i gcription 5c. , | THE HOME WORKSHOP Electric Scrubber Saves Labor (Continued from page 129) into the brush and out on the floor. The current is then turned on and the brush starts scrubbing. If the pressure of the brush on the floor is too great, it can be ad- justed by turning the nuts on the bolts run- ning through the brush holder. The machine should be pulled backward and not pushed. After a certain amount of surface has been thoroughly scrubbed, it should be dried with a mop. How to Make Your Own Radio Parts Economically By Chester L. Pratt MAY beginners hesitate to venture into the radio field because of the ex- pense involved in buying parts. The ma- jority of wireless fans in the long run pur- chase standard apparatus and parts because of the added efficiency which comes from expert designing and painstaking work- manship; but those who are experimenting with their first sets can save money by making use of materials that are obtainable for next to nothing. Rotors for variocouplers and variome- ters, for instance, may be constructed from toy pasteboard balls, from 3 to 334 in. in diameter, such as can be found in many SCALE MARKED ON WHITE PAPER E & GLUED UND CELLULOID DISK ' FIG.10 Toy ball provides form for rotor; magnet wire spool and wrapping paper cores make excellent. knobs five and ten cent stores. Two pieces should be cut off (Fig. 2) so as to leave about 134 in. of the middle section, and 2 disks (Fig. 1), 4 in. more in diameter than the ends of the central portion ef the ball, should be cut from stiff cardboard or, better, thin fiber, and glued into place (Fig. 8). The rotor is then ready for winding and mounting. Half-pound wooden magnet-wire spools (Fig. 5) or the wooden cores found in the ends of wrapping paper rolls (Fig. 4) will make excellent substitutes for commercial knobs. If a spool end is used, the hole should be plugged and redrilled to receive (Continued on page 131) Decemb —— _— fk the rc that that holds be ul core | only Fig. | pape and mak: The! coat a mi pape pare The kno dire met pos can wel en ue Sl ee eee aa rn a Popular Science M onthly

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' December, 1922 ——_———

THE HOME WORKSHOP

_ How to Make Radio Parts (Continued from page 130) the rotor shaft. The shaft is screwed in so that threads are formed in the wood and that is all that is necessary if the shaft holds firmly; otherwise a wood screw can be utilized as a setscrew. In adapting a core for use as a knob, the plug need come only to within 3% in. of the outside end, Fig. 6. After the knobs are carefully sand- papered, they should be placed in a vise and knurled with a three-cornered file, making the grooves about } in. apart. Then they are stained black and given a coat of varnish, or they can be coated with a mixture of shellac and lampblack. Excellent dials may be laid out on white paper, Fig. 10, and attached with trans- parent glue to disks cut from stiff celluloid. These can then be fastened to the wooden knobs with glue and small brads, Figs. 8 and 9. Stationary dials may be mounted directly on the panel, if preferred, and metal pointers attached to the knobs. Old phonograph records serve many pur- poses in radio construction because they can be cut readily with ordinary scissors, as well as bent, if first heated in a pan of water.

Boat Bell-Pull on Upper Floor Controls Furnace Draft NNUMERABLE devices have been con- trived for turning on the furnace without the inconvenience of making a cold trip down to the cellar in the early hours of the morning, but many of them are of such delicate construction that they soon cease to function, or they require so much time to regulate and set that they are soon dis- carded. Probably the simplest, most direct acting, and surest method of opening up the furnace in the cellar from the first, second, or third floor of your home can be installed with an _ ordi- nary boat bell- pull, several bell-cranks, a fairly strong coilspring, and wire and chain. Select a cor- ner in an up- stairs room to install the bell- pull that will make it possible to conceal the wire on the lower floors by running down through the corner of a closet, if possi- ble. Place the bell-cranks at the turns and set the spring as shown, and attach a piece of small chain to the last bell-crank over the furnace just long enough to reach the lower draft door of the furnace. A hook on the chain engages a hole drilled in the set trigger on the door. After the outfit is set up, drill a small hole through the center of the sliding bar of the bell-pull and into the block upon which it is set. Then pull up the bell-pull and bore another hole in the block to match the highest position of the hole in the sliding bar. Tie a wire nail or small rod to the bell- pull base so that it can be used to lock the bell-pull when the handle is pulled up to

Saves trip to cellar to open or close drafts

| open the draft.—MoRrTIMER V.. TESSIER. |

December, 1922 131 : 8: JOHN H. JONES CHICAGO,ILL. or buy this Grai and most convenient pocket book bene 48- at yh bere of ONLY ® mA ‘ever saw. See 3 full of useful ipa for fos an cetiolotd pee

as ou don’t ind your mon at once tage. W e have been selling these od for over 15 years. You take no risk. With the pocketbook we will send

i eer or manna sil ts abso- bigh clase wus goods and ft poco IBETINGs NOW nant Ting Model Make Extra Money ie fox Saxophone Risiany make BIG pen fellow or girl who can contribute ¢ Saxophone music to the even- y ing’s fun. The world holds P pleasures for those who can play! }yx 10N Months to Pay @ Standard Artists’ Model. The choice + e prof. :

138

| eA UA EDMAN IE SME 8 BE

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132 Telephony and Taerrene ys 4 volumes, 1728 pages, lasoeicintest Was $30 pean.’ 4 volumes, Pd 4 oe 1000 pictures, offered at =e to 50% less x aye Sg seme er is open to every person w of the U.S. and Canada. cent perro fill in and Your Choice 75c a Week No matter what your occupation, one of the home study sets diated below will quickly fit you for a better job and b igger pay. fy s set you pelect will be sent for seven days’ examination, and ou decide to tr =) pw ore the rock-bottom cpiieenasel f o 5c a week. But you must act now! The rising cont of paper and binding materials won’t permit us to continue the present low prices much longer. These books are the work of recognized author- ities, The anew written in plain, easily understood hundred of photographe, diagrams tblesete that o ographs, ay es, etc., tha make d ifficult pelnte as simple as ABC. Hand- gomely — dulahiy bound in half or full morocco ther (except as noted), end stamped in gold. Pay-Raising g Books tly Reduced Prices Deslanes Management, 8 vol., 2500 pages, 1000 pic- tures, wie 7 eae nt EE”. ow $29.80 5 — 2138 a oreo mi 1 3000 pages, 300s aed volu a pic volumes, pag —— carne, 6 v0 D aebak eine nasensee 70 29.80 Automobile F— yg 6 volumes, 2600 es, 2000 pictur $45.00...” aa. ow 21.80 Machine Shop Practice, 6 — 2360" es, 200 pietiores. Was $45.00 — ee PNo ow 21.80 Steam and Gas ogy Ty lumes, 3300 2500 pictures. Was — cones a a] w 24.80 Law end Practice (with reading course), is vol umes, 6000 pa illustrated. Was ee Caceres c erass 49.80 Fis Svomation end esr 4 vols., 1500 pages, 0 picturss. as $30. le eat 14.80 pictures, benihe ssabbe Now 14.80 $30.00....... Now 14.80 blue prints, etc. eccceeelvow 14.80 Send NoMone Shipped for 7 days’ ay Yes, we'll gladly ship any set right to your home or office upon your simple request. Pay only ship- ping charges when the books arrive. Don’ penny until after you have used them seven days, n’t send a then remit only $2.80 or retur1t them at our expense. Pay balanceat the rateof $3.00 amonth—75c a week. Act now—while these atentie books are being an regular prices. This a. Grasp your opportunity— the coupon now. American Technical Society, Dept. X-209, Chicago roan Tena Sonety, Dent, X20, Chicago, U.S.A, | American Technical Society, Dept. X-209, Chicago, U.S.A Please send me set of for 7 days’ examination, shi i llee ' I will examine the books thesemaniy po featisfied will send $2.80 within 7 days and , until I have paid the special price 4 Seibert Popular Science Monthly THE HOME WORKSHOP How the Radio Fan Can Make a Series-Parallel Switch By Loyd B. Gangawere LTHOUGH the writer designed this radio switch primarily for use with honeycomb or “spider web’ coils, it is a convenient addition to other types of tuners in which the primaries are not closely tapped. The switch either throws the vari- able condenser in series with the primary coil and ground, or shunts it across the aerial and ground, thus avoiding the bothersome changing of connections. The switch blades are cut from about No. 20 gage spring brass and bent as shown in the illustration. If the brass tends to break VARIABLE CONDENSER GROUND Bend [Ly ei —i Ry LINE AT Method of constructing the switch and wiring diagram as viewed Baas back of panel in making the square bend, it may be an- nealed by heating to a dull red and plunging in cold water, but care should be taken to heat only the tips of the blades. The handle is a scrap of No. 16 gage brass, the fiber block M is 4 by % by 1% in., and the fiber link N is 1/16 by 4 by 1% in. It will be seen that only 5 of the 8 switch points are connected. The others serve to maintain the tension on the switch blades. The wiring diagram shows the connec- tions as they appear from the back of the panel. Points A, B, and C are dummies; D and H are connected together and with the ground; E is connected with the aerial and one side of the coil; F and G are con- nected together and with the other side of the coil. The machine screws that form the switch studs K and L are connected with each side of the condenser. Hacksaw Blade Forms Cutter for Emery Cloth and Sandpaper HIS cutter for emery cloth and sand- paper is readily added to the work- bench. It consists of a hacksaw blade rest- ing on two washers fastened to the bench with two screws. The sheet of SAW" EMERY CLOTH emery cloth or sandpaper to be cut is slid under the blade and ripped across the teeth. A clean, even cut can be madein this way __ ENO VIEW OF CUTTER even with tough emey A cloth is slipped cloth. Thesheet Under blade and ripped off Be anOLD MASTER Salesman-Earn’50 to #150" Weekly Opportunity all around you. Wonderful new discovery that every man with ambition can sell to all auto, truck and vehicle owners. No expe- rience necessary. We will show you how. “OLD MASTER” Auto Enamel The new scientific discovery that the creators pent many years to perfect and A npn. on the mar- ket. Men of all ages and poste are becoming independent by *‘OLD M ASTER ** methods, em we guarantee will make big money for you. Dries in Twenty-four Hours That is the great appeal which makes, every car owner want to buy * ?POLD MASTER.”’ Posi- tively a quick seller. Can be put on quickly by anyone. Gives new car results. Users swear by it, because it lines up to "paar ye ae Men ye | es MASTER at not change work for an quand eration. oe can join the salesmen now. Territory Be Jocal Seeman or iyo bi Paint cars Yourse oppor’ _ is bi Write immediately for E ® Zeuloft’s easy plan on how to gain success. clusive agency open for man who desires $50.00 to $150.00 wee. Big nation-wide cam- aign just starting. Wide-awake men are making Bie mone: —_— selling wondertel auto enamel recently rfecte ter years of stu Dries in twe' four hoars hours. Capen on use it. Spreads even y and quickly, Moto: ay ag auto dealers want it on sight. Mate is ¢ exclusive ve pei and 7 plant. Formula f TER ”’ auto painter. Took years rato tg Write atonce. Apply for territory Going fast. Address AKRON PAINT PRODUCTS Co. Akron, Ohio. a Sure Rupture Comfort BE COMFORTABLE — Wear the Brooks Appliance, the modern scientific ates —— gives erers relief. it has ao ebuoxiou rings or pads utomatic draw together the broken No ™R.C.€, BROOKS et A a Dur Cheap. Sent on trial to prove its Never on sale in stores as every Arpliascela ate fomrds te Br azaniag signature of £G, E. ae which ap on every Ap i. ce, pe get muine, information a: and booklet pent free m plain ed envelope, BROOKS APPLIANCE CO.,255C State St., Marshall, mic J —— World Batteries FOR Radio or Automobile SAVE YOU 50% Bary dlvoct from factory. Get ae Tobe ba —lowest prices ttery sefvice. Batteries a shiqned ton {mediately AUTOMOBILE PRICES express C sands of G Volt. 11 Plate - $12.50] satisfied users. Mail your order ‘ord, Do-t today! ‘Acv. 6 Volt. 13 Biante - 14.50 RADIO PRICES land, Buick 12 Volt, 7 Plate - 18.00 : Volt, 40 Amps. * y 50 Maxwell. Dodge, 60 0.00 me SO, Saving on all 4 “os “ cars. Give make car 6 * 100 rT World Battery Co. Se, sccncacont. BOYS AND GIRLS EARN XMAS MONEY Write for 50 sets AMERICAN CHRISTMAS SEALS. Sell for 10c aset. When sold, send us $3.00 and keep $2.00. NEUBECKER BROS, 961 East 23d St., Dept 93, BROOKLYN, N. Y. BUCHSTEIN’S FIBRE LIMB soothing to your stump— strong, cool, neat, light. Easy payments. Braces for all Guaranteed 5 Years deformi- Send for Catalog Today. ties. P-BUCHSTEIN CO., 113 6th St. S., MINNEAPOLIS, MINN RADIO PHONE RECEIVING A practical book for every body. Written _in non-technical terms by nine specialists. 224 pages. Fully illustrated. Price, $1.50 If I decide not to keep the books, I wili notify you at is torn in the normal cutting direc- Sees to toe cnt te eee Cote arene: sitio Dot to tion of the teeth, and the blade should [ be so placed that the part to be cut is drawn Name from\left to right.—M. L. K. :gahra cnc re meemenees A THOUSAND common shingles of assorted p_Easioved by Oil AO TT widths are equivalent to 1000 shingles 4 —— —— See Gece Gee Gees aoe eee eee eee in, wide. 134 Popular Science Monthly, 225 W. 39th St., New York Dec 7 “] Be » 1 &O Popular Science Monthly a Decem =

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y é ball | = = Ssewew eS tO OS eS ENS 345 scmaneiiandiaeiiinine haienees at $?83 December, 1922 WHITING-ADAMS BRUSHES ALWAYS SUIT — NEVER FAIL Toilet Brushes Artists’ Brushes Household Brashes Railroad Brushes VULCAN Rubber Cemented Brushes Send rs Illustrated Literature JOHN L. WHITING.J. 3. ADAMS CO. BOSTON, U.S. A. Brush Manufacturers for Over 113 Years and the Largest in the World LAUGH AT THE WEATHER with “Wear Me” 4} Windshield Wings 10” x 20” Bevelled Plate Glass. Clamped Not Bolted. Hardware Strong and Rompees. No interference with aed ee Fully $1250, Ford Sporty $10.00 AME AUTO SPEC Aire ee WearMe 8 Auto Specialties - PITTSOURGH PO Order from your dealer or direct This Wonderful Invention converts any ordinary cook stove into a gas stove. OXO- GAS is made from common kerosene and air (mostly air). Cheaper, cleaner and more effi- cient than coal. OXO- GAS appliances for every purpose. We have openings for responsible, energetic men as distributors. Only those who can properly finance themselves considered. GLORIA LIGHT COMPANY 108 N. May St., Chicago, Ill. A full capacity folding typewriter, Writes in 17 different styles of English type and in 55 different languages. Twotype sets with each machine. Hammond Typewriter Corp., 597 E, 69th ST. NEW YORK The Versatile AMMON TYPEWRITERS CUSTOM TAILOR MADE TO FIT YOUR INDIVIDUAL CAR Made in our custom shops after your order is received. We ship ordinarily in 2 or 3 days. Per- fect fit guaranteed when cor- rect name, year and model of $4.40 and Up Parcels Post caris given. You can easily Paid apply it yourself. We furnish instructions and all necessary tacks, welts and fasteners. Our catalog No. 11 with samples is free for the asking. LIBERTY TOP & TIRE CO., Dept. E-8, Cincinnati, O. December, 1922 Trmrmre wrmwmDoOorwro irmroirD worrnp 133 THE HOME WORKSHOP Earns More than One Dollar an Hour with Wood Turning By Pearl Cork, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio (Submitted in the ‘‘How I Made Money with My Tools’’ Contest) B* SPECIALIZING in wood turning I have been able to make my home workshop pay cash dividends as well as provide endless entertainment. I keep a record of the time spent on articles such as those illustrat- ed and figure it at $1 an hour, adding the to- tal to the cost of the material. To this basic cost price I add 50 per cent to represent profit on labor and materials and a sales commission. Disposing of the work is not particularly difficult, as I use various methods. Usually I place it on display in stores for sale on a commission basis, but sometimes I have canvassed from house to house with samples, and I also have sold quite a number of articles to my friends and neighbors who have seen them in my own house. The tools I use are a small speed lathe, purchased from an advertiser in POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, a turning head such as is used in pattern shops, and various chisels, gouges, and other hand tools, such as would be found in any good home workshop. The turning head I made my- self. It is simply a piece of cold rolled steel 5¢ in. in diameter and 15 in. long, threaded at one end for 1) in. to fit a three-jawed chuck from my breast drill. A 4-in. face plate was also threaded to fit the same shaft, which is driven by a 14-h.p. motor in bab- bitted bearings made as described in an article published in the September number of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. With this little machine I have turned out pieces up to 20 in. in diametér and have been troubled with very little vibration. The dressing-table lamps, which I make in pairs, are turned from cypress in two Triple shaving mirror Jewelry tray, candlestick, stems for table lamps, a complete table lamp, pin trays and serving tray, all of cypress in “‘sugi’’ finish pieces. The stem is turned on the small lathe and, of course, has a hole through the center for wiring. This hole is bored through the block before turning and is then fastened in the lathe by means of two pieces of maple, which are turned to be a tight fit in the hole. These pieces have a slight shoulder to prevent their going in too far. One is used as a headstock center and the other as a tailstock center. The bases are (Continued on page 134) Lot DIAMONDS say F 649AD—Pre- a80AD_ "dia. ) mier Cluster, Clus., $87.50 ; 7dia., $7350 : NO MONEY DOWN of the startling ter what you — you lew cents p —4 Your Selection sent on your simple request without a single Pe ay aoe. oS If you don’t agree hat biggest in you have ever seon, return it at our expense, If you keep it, pay at the” 0 Fate of only a few cents a day. Lh Dividends guaranteed 8%, “rk increase in value 1 dismond ex- To MILLION DOLLAR \& BARGAIN BOOK FREE Send for your copy to- day to Dept. 1789. | See SEND FOR cash sales for yp MILLION DOLLAR only. BARGAIN BOOK a FS EK. Ee J.M.LYON & CO. 2-4 MAIDEN LANE, NEW YORK ' /n Business Nearly Tele) years 135 aE MET e —

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TENOR ee m ee ee Te eae 1 34 BErrarric INSPECTOR CAN EARN YO UP TO $25000 per MONTH Expenses Paid POSITION GUARANTEED ST AEE ele ial Gi sieceee a RAILWAY Traffic Inspectors ~~ earn good money, enjoy most interesting work, have splendid chances for advancement. Travel, see the country or remain near home. Healthful, outdoor work; something new every day. More men are wanted than are trained. Start at $110 per month minimum, ex- penses paid. Meet big railway officials. Earn up to $250 and $300 per month as you gain experience. EASY TO QUALIFY Prepare in 3 months’ spare-time study at home. Any average man can qualify. Position is then guaranteed paying at least $110 per month and expenses or enrollment fee is refunded! You have nothing to lose. Read What M. C. Eves Says: “T have never found work so interesting as my present position has been since I became fa- —_ miliar with the system used on these lines. Your Course of Study on Traffic } Inspection together with the } €xpericnce received here and in Providence fits me for most any position in this line of work | which I may have offered me.” | YOU TAKE NO RISK Send coupon today for free booklet. Remember, if position is not secured you, your enrollment fee is returned! That is our Guarantee. Don’t delay. Investigate now. Standard Business Training Institute Buffalo, N. Y. Standard Business Training Inst., Buffalo, N. Y. Send me, entirely free, Booklet No. D-7: ivi vat —hngcmmaaa about course in aiee TRS gine 136 A ee-Vie. sha | ‘THE HOME WORKSHOP Earns Money Wood Turning (Continued from page 133) _ fastened directly to the faceplate with two | screws, which should not be so long that there is any danger of their catching the cutting tool. The two parts of each lamp are fastened together by means of a pin at the bottom of the stem about 34 in. long and at least 3% in. larger in diameter than the central hole. The frames for the triple mirror are turned from stock that is mounted on a block on the faceplate. A special tool is required to make the under cut at the back for the glass. My own is simply an old file, the end of which was heated and turned at right angles and sharpened. When the cen ter is cut to the required size, with the regular woodturning tools, this special tool quickly forms the rabbet for the glass. I have found that any piece of work made of a good grade of cypress and given a “sugi’”’ finish will bring almost double the price obtainable for ordinary stained work, and the labor cost, while high, is not pro- portionately so. To obtain this finish the pieces, which should be as dry as possible, are charred with an ordinary blowtorch, care being taken that the flame does not burn too deeply, yet blackens the surfaces evenly. The work is then brushed with a steel brush, and the amount of brushing determines the final shade, the wood be- coming lighter as the brushing proceeds. When the desired shade has been obtained, the work is dusted thoroughly, given one or two coats of wax, and finished off with a thorough polish. One Simple Template Serves for Blocking Out Signs A QUICK way for laying out signs is to make a letter template of thin sheet metal or cardboard as illustrated. Mark around it to obtain the guide lines and spac- ing for the letters. The letters are spaced one square apart and there are two spaces between words. }e—3 SQUARES wiDE-»f | re = : oo x= Ww ul a 5 & [*-S SQUARES] fe 4 SQUARES 4 | VV > “TEMPLATE A ready means of drawing block letters is provided by the template at the left Lines are one square apart. The letters M and W are wider than the other letters, W being 5 squares wide at the top and M 4 squares wide; Lis only one square wide. All the letters are made 5 squares high and their stems are one square wide. The one square that projects from the bottom of the template is used for holding it in place and it also provides a long edge to be used as a ruler when drawing the diagonal lines in M, N, X, etc. Any one can make a neat sign or stencil with this template if care is taken.—H.S. L. Popular Science Monthly KADIO STANDARD APPARATUS SINCE 1904 Follow the lead of experts who use Murdock Headsets in their important experiments. Get a pair from your dealer —satisfaction absolutely guaranteed. High qualit y—reasonable price. Murdock Headsets make ideal Xmas gifts WM. J. MURDOCK CO. 345 Washington Ave. Chelsea, Mass. 1270 Broadway, 509 Mission St. New York San Francisco 2000 Ohms $5.00 3000 Ohms $5.50 sot ’ ‘ou can produce wonderful, soft, sweet music from a common carpenter’s saw with a violin bow or soft hammer, if you ®. No musical ability required—you need #4 not know one note from another. " is Course is short, — and — week--no months of MAKE BIG MONEY and frien an “Lighting Fixtures” Ready to hang. Direct from man- ufacturers. Completely wired including glass- ware. Send for Catalogue No. 24 and Dealers’ proposition ERIE FIXTURE SUPPLY CO. Desk A, Erie, Pa. Stop Using a Trus Grand Prix. a = a from Awarded Soft 4 velvet—easy to ive, Gold Medal and Grand Prix. Process of recovery i3 so afterwards no further use for trusses. () prove it by sending Trial of Plapao absolutely REE Write name on Coupon and send TODAY. Plapao Ce., z90 Stuart Bidg., St. Louis, Mo. Decemb VE is slot 01 tion is not at two sé the it posite | pox i remai Th Calife Thes and | mensi the ii botto shape in. SE clear: cigar is p cente box near! end, Popular Science Monthly | Decem |

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OT ws ot December, 1922 ——— THE HOME WORKSHOP Novel Gift for Smokers Daphngaeted time this automatic cigarette box is operated, a cigarette appears in the slot on top. To the uninitiated, the opera- - tion is somewhat mysterious, but the box is not at all difficult to make. There are really two separate boxes or compartments; when 'the inner one is raised, a cigarette is de- posited on the receiving post, and when the box is dropped or lowered, the cigarette remains on top ready for removal. The boxes may be of white pine, walnut, California redwood, or other suitable wood. The sides should be 4 in. thick and the top and bottom pieces about 3 in. The di- mensions of the outer box are 3 by 4 in., and the inner, 23% in. by 334 in. Near the bottom of the inner box are two wedge- shaped pieces, one on each side, with a 4%- in. space between to provide the necessary clearance for the cigarette post. This is placed in the center of the outer box and extends nearly from end to end, the clearance et Cigarette Box Makes | | f 4 i iM y Ds LEE SEES DN CROSS SECTION OPEN When the top is raised and lowered, a cigar- ette is deposited in the groove on top of the central post being merely sufficient for the inner box to fit down between the ends of the post and sides of the outer box. The top of the post is cut slightly concave so that a cigarette will lay on top without rolling off and should be flush with the top of the cigarette box and colored the same so that it will be discovered only after close examination. Two slotted openings are cut through the cigarette post, one near each end, and two keys or stops—small sticks of wood—pass through the openings and are fastened to the sides of the inner box to prevent the box’s being raised too high. The keys and post are assembled before the inner box is placed within the outer one. Then place them in the outer box and invert it on the workbench so that the top of the cigarette post projects through the slotted opening of the box top and rests on the table. Put on the bottom piece of the outer box and fasten to the cigarette post with screws. Any one familiar with woodcarving, in- laying, stenciling or making neat burnt wood designs can ornament the case as de- sired, or it can be finished in the natural wood and rubbed to a rich, dull surface. In use, the inner box is raised until stopped by the keys. The cigarettes, which | have previously been introduced through the top opening, roll toward the center. As the box is lowered, all but one of the cigarettes roll off the post, and this cigarette projects through the top of the cover piece.—B. FRANCIS DASHIELL. | REE Five Dancing | Lessons 1. The secret of leading 2. How to gain confidence For a limited time, Arthur Murray, America’s greatest teacher of social dancing, makes this special offer to prove anyone can learn by his remarkable new easy method, at home in a few hours, to be a really good dancer. No music or partner needed. So simple, even a-child can learn quickly. 60,000 have learned to dance by mail. Your own successs is guaranteed! Arthur Murray’s method is so amazingly sim- ple, it is revolutionizing the teaching of dancing. It is better, easier and much less expensive than a personal teacher. Fox Trot, One Step, Waltz, College Rock and any of the new ballroom steps can be learned at home in one short evening. You can teach your children while you are learn- ing. In fact many whole families have become really good dancers from one set of instructions. Everyone wants to meet and dance with an accomplished dancer. Surprise your friends— 3. How to follow successfully 4. The correct dancing position 5. A fascinating new Fox Trot Step To Prove To You In One Evening That You Can Learn To Be A Good Dancer At Home 135 be more popular—by becoming a good dancer soon. Send for your five free lessons (mailed in plain wrapper) today! No obligation. To help cost of mailing send 10c. ARTHUR MURRAY Studio 477, 100 Fifth Ave. New York ARTHUR MURRAY, Studio 477 100 Fifth Ave., New York To prove that you can teach me the new dances quickly, send me your Five Free Lessons. C Enclosed is 10c to cover mailing in plain wrapper. ES eet a Ee TO MME RETREAT oh Ae, fee PAGEOBS i/o 6 0 ses Wisi erm ain.ela'e 2 aakansteregateenocmeted Oro Boa ae sce anton State BUILD YOUROWN The Radio Specialty Company—RASCO for short — specializes in small orders; in fact, 0% of our orders are less than one dollar. 24-hour service guaranteed. This Company specializes in small Parts for radio, selling only the highest class of materials. This Company is aware of the fact that very high prices prevail in radio now. By buying ma- terial from us you not only save any- where from 50 to 75% on the cost of the instruments, but you have the fun be instruction of making them your- self. Our quick, 24-hour service means satisfied customers. We have no Complaint Department. Hundreds of Jetters such as the following, unsolicited, are in our files: 41 Rodney St., W. St. John, N. B. Enclosed you will find one (1) dollar for which please send me 1 dozen binding posts No. 201 at $1.00 per dozen and oblige, jorge B. Ingrabam P. 8.—) Service is sure all it is cracked @p to be. I have received three different orders from and I am still waiting for an order from another Company which ‘was sent in rs 8 just what looking (for ng Iwill constantly te 64 Page Catalog ers about .” _ ours very T. Bayard Beatty, Jr. Our prices are low and all guods are shipped prepaid. You deal with the oldest and only Company exclusively manufacturing the small parts in their own two big factories. Our big 64- page catalog, No. 7, containing over 300 illustrations, will save you money. This catalog also contains 75 Diagrams of Vacuum Tube Hook-Ups not to be found in any catalog, only found in expensive text books. This catalog sent only upon receipt of 15c. Once you have tried the RASCO service you are a cus- tomer for life. p 85% of our cus- tomers: always come back. Sane” .96-S PARK PLAGE, NEW YORK CITY Vy December, 1922 yp) 26 THE HOME WORKSHOP “DIAMONDS FROM JASON WEILER & SONS | of Boston, Mass., one of America’s leading diamond importers For over 46 years the house of Jason Weiler | ‘ ns, of Boston, has been one of the lead- ing diamond importing concerns in America selling to jewelers. However, a large business is done direct by mail with customers at im- porting prices! Here are several diamond offers—direct to you by mail—which clearly * demonstrate our position to name prices on diamonds that should surely interest any pres- ent or prospective diamond purchaser. 1 carat, $145.00 This one carat diamond is of gi brillianéy. Mount- ed in Tiffany style 14K od, solid gold setting. Order this diamond, take it to Ladies’ White Go i Diamond Ring $75.00 any expert, make any comparisons you wish— if Pine are not eritirely sat- isfied your money will be returned at once without a Perfectly cut blue white dia- mond of exceptional brillian- cy with four smaller per- fectly cut, blue white dia- quioble. Our price’ monds on the sides. ‘The ring direct to you. . $145.00 is 18K solid white —— tifully pierced and carved | Ladies’ All | Platinum Diamond Ring | ‘200 Perfectly cut, blue white diamond of fine brilliancy in richly Pierced and carved solid platinum ring. | A few weights and prices of other diamond rings: Y4 carat, $31.00 | 14 Carat, $73.00 | 2 carats, $290.00 Ye carat, 50.00! 1 }cearats,217.00 | 3 carats, 435.00 | We refer you as to our reliability to any bank or newspaper in Boston If desired, rings will be sent to any bank you may name or any Ex- press Co.with privilege of examination.Our dia- mond guarantee for full value for all time goes with every purchase, WRITE TODAY FOR THIS VALUAB ATALOGUE FREE ON “HOW TO BUY DIAMONDS” This book is beauti- fully illustrated.Teils >) how to judge, select and buy diamonds. Tells [} how they mine, cut and § market diamonds. This [ PrP ties of a Mil Dollars’ worth of Diamonds, is considered an authority. Jason Weiler & Sons 372 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. Diamond Importers since 1876 Foreign Agencies: Amsterdam, London and Paris 137

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co = THE HOME WORKSHOP

Toy Automobile Is Realistic | Model of Sport Car By Forrest L. Griffith [XN LOOKING around for a toy automo- bile to give my four-year-old boy as a Christmas present, I could find nothing that seemed exactly suitable, so I proceeded to make one myself. The result is illus- trated in the accompanying photographs. I hunted in the cellar, where I have a small workbench, for odds and ends that

Make That Dream Come True! Choice of flowered Tapestry or beautiful blue Velour Such Solid Comfort Only 20c a Day Also Sofa and Chair to match. Made in our own great upholstering factory. 1200 other attractive furnishings and this comfy Rocker shown in our latest, big, 104-page guide to Better Homes. All on convenient monthly payments. Let this Book help you in furnishing one or several rooms. Thousands of home lovers have profited. Check below offer interested in. Lower Prices Now On 0 Furnishings C Symphonic Player Pianos C Symphonic Pianos (1) Symphonola Phenographs “Another $50 raise! Why, that’s the third increase I’ve had in a year.” OULDN’T you like to be able to say that? You can! Not by just wishing for promotion or dreaming of it, but by getting the special training that employers everywhere are looking for and are glad to pay for. One hour a day, spent with the Inter-

: . —_ Check d Mail ad Today ; national Correspondence Schools in the Tools found in the average home workshop on pen _ oe a , ee i. quiet of your own home, will prepare suffice pod aie is unusually Family prices on these Furnishings and famous you for the position you want in the wr aa. hice : . : ears’ Tim y ¢ work you like best. would be useful in constructing the toy, Mail this ad—check Offer—and give full name ae Tan Seal! Dat ti uote ws to ncove and found an old rear axle and steering and address NOW for Big FREE Book. : ae ‘ UP — wheel from a toy that had been discarded. Livkin Con ¥ it. Without cost, without obligation I . . , eA : pene » | Then, for the frame, I obtained two strips Desk FPSM-1222 Buffalo, N. Y., Peoria & Chicago, Ill. & just mark and mail this coupon. of wood about 1 in. square and 8 ft. long, a a a a es re rs rm oe ca nae aman ae and a few feet of 14 by 3-in. flat iron. I ea a 9 ag tg ENCE 8 . used the iron for the front axle and the Without cost or obligation on my _ yy ay straps connecting it with the frame. sition 0} a zi ke gig bogs The radiator was cut from a pine board cs = BUSINESS TRAINING DEPARTMENT about 114 in. thick and covered with sheet ae ' 4 vomenern, Wau ten emus B M ment Salesmanship . ! (an posi remal Menagement Advertising brass. Over the front opening was fastened i] if et one of these Bence Personnel Organization Better Letters asquare mesh wire. The dash was cut from i ‘s Walter Rings with all the ie Traffic Management ()Foreign Trade is sparkle, flash and fire of genu- ti : (Business Law Stenography and Typing the same board as the radiator and made { \ ine diamonds. Fool your of (Banking and Banking Law Business eee \ friends—See if you or they } Accountancy (including C.P.A.) (Civil Serv the same shape, BR con tell t from tie teal thine 4 (Nicholson Accounting Railway Mall Clerk Ith h trifle | Every gem set in handsome i [) Bookkeeping ——Sidien Snous a “ d ~— mounting of the latest design, . Private Secretary g Business Spanish (French ()lustrating a de Rese a0 7 ay we «he ey wil TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEPARTMENT o provide for name, address and size of ring . (J £lectrical Engineering ng ad — taper of the hood. y a, When stiagerrives UW Tin e et Contractor and Builder The rear deck few cents Dostrae). : cts Fot entirely Mechanical Draftsman be <rehitectural Draftsman d t were et your money WRITE Machine Shop Practice ()Concrete Builder an sea © have albetted onty BONS Railroad Positions [Structural Engineer shaped up from a at this ridiculously low peice, Gas Engine Operating Chemistry [) Pharmacy RAYMOND WALTER Soran aod Otegetn Ineay ee box that had con- y 299 Montgomery St Jersey City,N.J. Ss a . . 2 (Metallurgy — OAgriculture and Poultry | tained cans of fruit LSteam Ensineering ORadio [()jMathematics and then the whole 8 Nameé............ aaa eo nee body was covered i 6-26-2 : * a let canines with sheet _ tin, . — _ | which I cut from LLY... ..ccccccccccccececseorccosorscees MIORED.. vovscvonseesecces several ol d signs. vai | Perens residing in Canada shouid send’ this coupon to the : 10 10 Days FREE Trial Yo" International Correspondence Schools Canadian, Limited, 43! ° eo— Underwood, Reniggtn OO ‘ onasemensenee ma etmeeer | POL ene. 4 ee 15 Febuilt to look rot b. 5 A- new. v, Guere : ar 4 Bes chaeaaaieees Wein , INTERNATIONAL TYPEWRITER EXCHANGE ‘ 177 N. State St. Dept.1265 Chicago é RELIEF FOR YOUR TROUBLE ZONE [ PER FOR | $30 tay PROFIT vou ! : , - the nose pan anh hi Ee Ra Jd Bp,00 furnace controling and yes RS I ig eles throat Be M900 of these devices are siready use controlling every sty le of heati it. Saves fuel: provides a warm house % - AUTOMA TICALLY: uses the same o Paine as any croft late; ‘is WHEELS 105 DIA pot electrical sells at once & out 3 of 10 Big MONE who pees it it work, ” 36° . alana tht sus: owe HL MEG Grand Rapids, Mich. ‘ The general over-all dimensions of the car ; ive and shapes of the various parts uick a ae viet The seat was upholstered with imitation - EURACO (ARETE PRODUCTS HE leather. i & The windshield frame was made from He 84-in. brass tubing split on one side to take 7 the edges of the celluloid used to imitate ' He glass. The top is mainly camouflage, and EUROPEAN RADIO COMPANY Be D ° ~ 1342 East 22nd Street Brooklyn, N. Y. i MENTHOL (Continued on page 137)

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peti ai aid aise 138 Popular Science M. onthly Decem'

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December, 1922

THE HOME WORKSHOP Toy Auto Is Realistic Model (Continued from page 136) was not constructed so as to raise. The framework, made of 4% by 14 in. flat iron, was covered with khaki. The two spare tires, that add a touch of realism to the rear end, are simply disks cut from a 5-in. board, the same diameter as the wheels. Imita-

NS

‘Can those shrieks” OW often have you sat

tion leather was helpless while some tacked over them j amateur Farrar has tried to to represent regu- hit “High C.” But when : lation spare tire your radio set starts in to A °U “— * aaa show off its shrieking talent ‘ial e whee - a you need not go through mCREATER R di wi cos Ag another ordeal. Just drop in Ch . oe toy manufacturing company. The head- at oo —. radio Poors ristmas —~ | lights and spotlight—regular automobile and order an Acme Audio eal cowls or side lights—were obtained at an Frequency Amplifying Trans- ; HIS year the message automobile accessory store. There is former. Hook it up to your ed £Chri . room under the hood for a small dry battery detector set and sit back easy. of Christmaswill flash . : ; & one inspiration over all to furnish current for these lights. You'll be surprised how lands and to all peoples clearly and distinctly incom- “ s| —no frontier can turn Grid Leak for Radio Set Provides ing sounds may be heard. a a back the swift messenger, Variable Adjustments Then, too, the tones are A il Radio, whose steed keeps s natural. Something usually pace with light A VARIABLE grid leak is an additional so lacking in the ordinary set. ' sie refinement for a vacuum tube radio Increase Range : PPR 21 The gift of all gifts is set that can be added at a cost of not more ; g - Magnavox Radio, the Re- than 50 cents. It permits making adjust- You will also want the Acme ’ es Swag x gee Radio Frequency Amplifying 4 producer Supreme: the ments easily to meet variations in humidity ‘Weediieese becanes Gee. aan a5 gift that will mean most _ igs sll en that require the grid leak greatly increase the range of your ° t whether it be tube a . A esp of the For the one I made, a discarded hard cosine Fag stmt anaes amily, Old and young. rubber Ford switch was used as the base and Acme Radio Frequency Ampli- Let Magnavox bring and a piece of battery jar was cut to form fying Transformers sell for only five dollars. Your set is not complete without them. Other Products you daily the world’s news and entertainment —the greatest victory of

is =

he : THE Acme Apparatus Company “2 Science, the greatest Op- (pioneer transformer and radio ‘4 portunity of art! engineers and manufacturers) are ie . . also manufacturers of one and two 7 ~e Sagegren See with stage amplifying units, detector q rinch horn i ‘i . me units, detector and two stage ampli- z — —— ed for those fying units, the Acme Clear Speaker, s Ww. ees the utmost in the Acmefone. Acme C. W. and j ee ifying — ee meine , spark transmitting apparatus offer audiences, dance halls, HARD RUBBER VIEW OF BACK i : tet es + $85.00 GUTTOFIT'OVER FORD = SHOWING | Gay “receive but’ send bis own R-3 peneneron Dede — 14- Messages. th inch horn: the ideal instru- The ~—- points ayes a - ~~ ink- Foc eale at radio end else- 0. A sr a for use in homes, of- “aaa iy wasten the leslues 4 trical stores or write direct B | ices, amateur $45. 00 to the Acme Apparatus etc. e J ° e e ° 7 ie the top, as shown. A heavy piece of paper Company, Cambridge, Mass., oft Model C Magnavox Power soaked in drawing ink was attached with a O. S. A, on How Tie ae 4 Qu Amplifier insures getting Office, 1270 Broadway.

few drops of shellac to the under side of the top piece. The switch points were then i the largest possible power input for your Magnavox

Radio. fastened through the top and the paper. é In tightening up the points, it is advisable Jase ; ae year y ane to hold the nuts firmly and twist the points a 8 : ‘ with a pair of pliers because, if the nuts are Ps When you purchase a Mag- screwed up in the usual way, they are apt ; 2 roo poaenens Pa cat to tear the paper. Taper the paper, as i indicated, so that too much leakage will Pa not be provided at the lower end of the =< Magnavox products can be had scale.—L. S. G., Hamilton, Ont. - ¢. good dealers everywhere. rit J ja Plater, jill Sawdust Used under Linoleum quality and service.

Type A-2 Acme Amplifying Transformer THE MAGNAVOX CO. WE HAD an office floor that was irreg- Price $5 (East of Rocky Mts.) 4 Oakland, California ular and uneven. The first pieces of linoleum tacked down over it lasted only oe SRS OD Sega: Ai about six months because the uneven boards caused the linoleum to split. G NV. Before renewing the linoleum, the floor . A TAVOX was covered with sawdust and raked level aye . , with a yardstick. The linoleum laid over s° QI), fi “cation Rad lO this has not been renewed for the past three fo Pp if! The Reproducer Supreme | years and still isin good condition.—G.A.L.

December, 1622 , 139

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On sale by first-class dealers, 43-PLATE, COND) + Heard With One Stage of ERLA Radio Frequency Voice and music a thousand miles distant are heard per- fectly through a loud speaker with the hook-up shown above, using one stage of Erla radio frequency amplifica- tion. And this result is accomplished without the use of a separate amplifier, ample volume being supplied by the receiving apparatus alone. Furthermore, tuning is ex- tremely simple and non-critical, so that even the most inexperienced amateur has no difficulty in getting per- fect results. Old style regenerative receiving sets can be made genu- inely efficient by substituting a single stage of Erla radio or. send us your order direct. | ‘tequency for one of the two stages of audio frequency now Special proposition to jobbers. employed. Ask your dealer for diagrams of guaranteed Lise {Type AB1) g4.00 Erla radio frequency circuits, with complete directions for Price pre one each installing, or write us direct, giving your dealer’s name. Writeforliteratureandpriceson Writeforliteratureandpriceson = ELECTRICAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES grid leaks and grid condensers. Dept. F, 2515 Michigan Avenue, Chicago Popular Science M onthly ae | The Shipshape Home | How to Do the Odd Jobs - Ir AN ordinary faucet Repairing leaks, it is usually be- Faucets cause the washer in the valve has become worn. You can earn $15 to $50 a week writing show cards in your own home.—No —————- leasant profitable profession easily and quickly learnt by ournew simple graphic block system. Artistic ability not necessary.—We teach you how, and supply you with work—Distance no object. Full particulars and booklet free. WILSON METHODS LIMITED— DEPT. C 64 East Richmond, Toronto, Canada. Isham Jones and His Orches- tra. nationally known through their Brunswick records, use and endorse Conn instruments. é Here’s Your Chance 4 For Extra Money Reduce Your Waist in |O Seconds You can actually do it nowwiththe‘ Wonder Heakh Bet. It willtake only the time requi for adjusting the belt around your waist to accomplish this reduc- tion and to bring relief from the strain of ex- cessweight,which your abdominal muscles are carrying. You will be agreeably surprised at the immediate aenee i igue an eerone fom boty vou will AFTER know the satisfaction of again having a well poleed figure. And, best of all, the fat begins, at nee, art. Then good healthy muscular tissue rep _ it, In a month or so, you can take from 4 to 6 inches off your waist. THE “WONDER” HEALTH BELT i these things. It is scientifically constr tae. light-weight fabric. Easily adjusted and easily washed. or FREE TRIAL OFFER , address and present waist measure. fend te is handy cut a piece of string to the proper r) es r. There’s a bigger demand a } than ever for players of sax- te N ophone,trumpet, trombone Jaf p> ortuba in danceandtheatre f © orchestras everywhere P You can qualify for a well 24 paying engagement, either ue whole or part time, through a } short period of pleasurable ; practice with a Conn. Easiest playing instruments made. Exclusive features and improvements.~ Used and endorsed by symphony players as well as leading jazz orchestras. Free Trial, Easy Payments. Send postcard for Free Book and details; men- tion instrument. Cc. G. Conn, Ltd., 1232 Conn Bldg., Elkhart, Ind. mail it to us. We will send you a “‘Wonder.”” fiealth Belt by return mail. At the end of five days if you are thoroughly delighted with the belt, remit $3.00in full payment. If not, return the belt to us and you will not owe us a penny. Wl Hetth, Bot Core aan To replace it is a simple matter if the water can be shut off from the fixture. First, see that the faucet is closed tightly | and then unscrew the large hexagon at the top of the faucet so that it is loose on the stem. Then turn the faucet handle to the [" Wie" tad left until it comes oma right out. The worn iM washer, which will be } tiny found screwed to the lf \ ( lower end, should be removed by taking out the screw. If the screw is corroded and does not turn easily, it is advisable to cut away the washer first and then take out the screw. Fasten a new washer in place, trimming it to the correct size to fit closely in the recess provided for it and replace the parts. ; : Faucets of the quick- Quick-Closing closing type have a Faucets small rubber ball to serve the same pur- pose as a washer, and the procedure for repairing one that leaks is as follows: After the water has been turned off, the upper half of the fixture is unscrewed from the lower half and the handle is taken off. The old rubber ball is removed from the stem and_ replaced with a new one of the same size. Care should be taken not to screw the retaining nut too tightly. Turn the handle back and forth to make sure that the ball seats well in the recess pro- vided for it. To complete the repair it is necessary only to replace the upper part of the faucet, unless the handle seems loose. To remedy that, the nut between the handle and the top of the body should be unscrewed and the packing around the spindle replaced with a wrapping of string. Double bathtub faucets of the quick- closing type can be repaired in exactly the same way.—H. D. ish APPLYING too much Staining dye to wood that is to be stained sometimes Wood resultg in the surface becoming muddy or smudgy. I discovered that rubbing with a piece of cloth saturated with turpentine will clear up the cloudy portion and leave a good, even surface. This should be done before the stain is thoroughly dry, for it will not change the color of the dye one way or the other. I can recommend this method because I know it would have saved me a lot of trouble if I had found it out sooner than I did.—ERNEST T. BATEs, Hallowell, Me.

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thy) ‘ick- ea pur- and 2aks the rom | the ball the iced » of are not ning ‘urn sure pro- ary cet, edy the and iced ick- the uch 3 to mes face or ha tine yea one r it vay use ; of han December, 1522 a THE HOME WORKSHOP | —— The Shipshape Home apm EirHer aluminum or Painting gold bronze is used . ordinarily for finishing Radiators radiators. These metal- lic finishes are bright and look well when new, but once dull or discolored their freshness cannot be restored by cleaning or scrubbing. The usual clean- ing or brushing of radiators only hastens the discoloration, and yearly refinishing is necessary to have them appear well. We recently took over a large house in which every radiator and pipe had been finished in oil paint about five years ago. After the completion of the usual papering work and minor painting, these radiators and pipes were cleaned with rags soaked in turpentine. Their appearance after this treatment was as if they had been newly painted. The heat apparently had har- dened the paint until it had become some- thing like baked enamel. The paint used, according to an expert painter who examined the radiators, is simply a white lead paint with oil enough to give a gloss finish. Yellow is added to give the paint a creamy tint, although other colors can be used. The paint can be ap- plied directly over the old bronze and once dry, the radiators can be washed clean whenever desired. This method costs less than to have the radiators finished in the usual way and they have a neater appear- ance, can be cleaned more easily, and, what is even better, require refinishing far less frequently.—G. A. WueEn the sheet iron cornice or gutter of a building has _ rusted through at some spot and it is not convenient to have a tinsmith repair it at once, it can be patched temporarily in the following manner: Clean the damaged or rusted spot with a wire brush or coarse sandpaper and give it a coat of heavy paint for a distance of 6 or 8 in. around the place to be repaired. Then take a piece of heavy canvas the size of the painted patch and dip the canvas into the paint pot to saturate it thoroughly. The paint-soaked canvas should then be laid over the damaged spot on the cornice and brushed with the paint brush to make it adhere well. When thoroughly dry and hard, the patch may be given another coat of paint if it is expected to hold out for six months ormore. By keeping the patch well pro- tected with paint, it will give service as long as or longer than those parts of the cornice that had shown no indication of wear.—LouIsS J. BECKER, Chicago, IIl. Cornices and Gutters ; THE asbestos covering Boiler on boilers used for home . heating plants some- Coverings times breaks off in spots. If these places are not allowed to go too far, the cracks and even larger openings can be filled with fire clay or “stove lining.” This is purchased in | powder form and simply mixed with water to form a paste. In a day or two the mix- ture becomes as hard as the original cover- ing, and the repair is durable and neat in appearance.—DONALD D. Srmonps, Wor- cester, Mass. 139 Lies in pretty teeth—Remove that film Why will any woman in these days have dingy film on teeth? There is now a way to end it. Mil- lions of people employ it. You can see the results in glistening teeth everywhere you look. This is to offer a ten-day test, to show you how to beautify the teeth. Film is cloudy Film is that viscous coat you feel. It clings to the teeth, enters crevices and stays. When left it forms the basis of tartar. Teeth look discolored more or less. P But film does more. It causes most tooth troubles. It holds food substances which ferment and form acid. It holds the acid in contact with the teeth to cause decay. Germs breed by millions in it. They, with tartar, are the chief cause of pyorrhea. You leave it Old ways of brushing leave much of that film intact. It dims the teeth and, night and day, threatens serious dam- age. That’s why so many well-brushed teeth discolor and decay. Tooth troubles have been constantly increasing. So dental science has been seeking ways to fight that film. Two effective methods have been found. They mean so much that leading dentists the world over now advise them. Pepsadéent REG.U,S. The New-Day Dentifrice Now endorsed by authorities and advised by leading dentists practically all the world over. All druggists supply the large tubes. A new-type tooth paste has been per- fected, correcting some old mistakes. These two film combatants are em- bodied in it. The name is Pepsodent, and by its use millions now combat that film. Two other foes It also fights two other foes of teeth. It multiplies the starch digestant in the saliva. To digest starch deposits on teeth which may otherwise cling and form acids. 2 It multiplies the alkalinity of the saliva. To neutralize mouth acids which cause tooth decay. Thus Pepsodent brings to people new conceptions of clean teeth. Lives altered Whole lives may be altered by this better tooth protection. Dentists now advise that children use Pepsodent from the time the first tooth appears. It will mean a new dental era. The way to know this is to send the coupon for a 10-Day Tube. Note how clean the teeth feel after using. Mark the absence of the viscous film. See how teeth whiten as the film-coats disap- co See and feel the new effects, then read the reasons in the book we send. If you count such things important, cut out the coupon now. 10-Day Tube Free *”” THE PEPSODENT COMPANY, Dept. 429, 1104 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, Ill. Mail 10-Day Tube of Pepsodent to Only one tube to a family.

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140 istortion Kills Music Unless the Amplifier Transformer favors all tones in exactly the same manner, distortion will result. Notwithstanding their high prices many transformers now on the mar- ket are totally unsuited to radio- phone reception. When ycu build use PARAGON, the same as is used in the Famous Paragon DA-2 Amplifier. A Home-Built Paragon Amplifier This illustration shows PARAGON VT Controls (Price $6.00) and the PARAGON Amplifier Transformer -(Price $5.00) built into a Detector two step unit. The com- bination gives you a handsome high-grade instrument, low in price but highly efficiens and absolutely without distortion. PARAGON VT Controls (Patented) may be used to control vacuum tubes wherever they are used as detector, oscillator, trans- mitter, and in cascade for radio and audio fre- quency amplifiers. An extremely useful and good looking unit. Comprises standard socket, famous PARAGON rheostat, grid condenser, provision for grid leak and all nec- essary circuit terminals. If your dealer does not stock these Paragon Products, we will see that you are promptly supplied. Write for booklet which will tell you the many uses for this efficient and compact mounting. ADAMS-MORGAN CoO., 18 Alvin Ave., Upper Montclair, N. J. PARAGON Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. RADIO PRODUCTS EERIE E URI AE GEE ONS GE ete Work like magic in emergencies or prove whether your door or padlocks are burglar- proof. Open and test thousands of dif- ferent locks. Recommended by users in ten different nations. Most wonderful and only keys of their kind. Send $1 today. Novel key chain FREE with set. 6L Manhattan Block, Milwaukee, wis ELEN aH Master Key Ce., MOTORCYCLE BARGAINS SAVE 25% to 65%, on oy used and o sae Motor- Geen de Cars, Johnson Motor heels, Evans Power Cycles. Bicycles. Send for Free Bargain Bulletin and Money Saving Mesenge, listing hun- dreds of Flargains in used, rebuilt and new machines,supplies, accessories, etc. . AMERICAN MOTOR CYCLE CO. Dept. 1215, 2047 W. Chicago Ave., CHICAGO ‘MAKE YOUR OWN JADIO= Ser ae Prices Slashed ! Buy direct from the factory. Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. Every part carefully tested and inspected by radio experts. This is your opportunityto make your own, efficient radio receiv- ing set at small cost. Send full payment with order, or if you prefer, you may send deposit, and pay balance C.O.D., and we will ship any of the foliowing radio parts at the bargain prices quoted: lar a = 4 ice Variometers ....... - $5.00 rch: 00 Vario Couplers... ..... 5.00 3.00 Transformers ...... ’, 5.00 3.00 23 Plate Condensers... 3.60 2.25 43 Plate Condensers. . 4.50 2.75 1.00 -65 ube S Dials and asks Coeeee 1.00 -65 PRE Wiring diagram and blue print with every order. This special bargain price offer is for a limited time only. ‘Act at once! Remember—we guarantee satisfaction or refund your money. Circular mailed on request. METRO ELECTRIC CO. 1422 Randolph St., Dept. B, CHICAGO noises — ou touch iale Ever noticed in tuning a radio set that when you touch dials. it causes a growling noise? These distracting sounds will disappear if you install dials, knobs and other parts made of, RADION Tests by disinterested laboratories ‘have shown con- clusively that RADION is without exception the best ma- = for radio parts and panels because it comes closest to being\the perfect insulation. Have you tried RADION? If not. secure a dial or other part from your dealer today. If your dealer cannot serve you, write us direct for all information giving us his name. Dealers are invited to write for Lists AMERICAN HARD RUBBER CO.; 11 Mercer St., N.Y. ‘dropped down Popular Science Monthly ™ THE HOME WORKSHOP Fire Extinguisher ‘‘Bombs’’ Made from Old Electric Bulbs ANY homes, stores, garages and barns are not sufficiently equipped with fire extinguishers because of their expense, and this is one of the factors in the $500,000,000 fire loss sustained annually in the United States. any one from burned-out electric globes at little cost and less trouble, so that there is no excuse for going without adequate fire protection. At any shop handling fire extinguishers, a quart of prepared fire extinguishing liquid can be obtained for about $1.50, or a quart PLACE BULB IN pane AND NIP OFF | OLD BULBS FILLED WITH FIRE EXTINQUISHING LIQuiD After being filled with carbon eet the bulbs are sealed and stored in racks, ready to be thrown at any blaze | of carbon tetrachlorid can be bought at | the drugstore for about 50 cents and will serve the same purpose. A quart will fill about half a dozen ordinary electric bulbs. The tip of a burned-out bulb is immersed in the liquid and then pinched off with a pair of pliers. Because of the vacuum in the globe, the liquid rushes in and fills it. After the globe is filled, the opening is closed with sealing wax to prevent the evaporation of the fluid. When a number of globes have been prepared, a convenient rack for holding them may be made by boring holes in a board as indicated. These fire “bombs” have only to be hurled at the fire and the impact shatters the thin shell of glass and scatters the fire extinguishing liquid over the blaze. In the garage these homemade fire extinguishers are particularly valuable, for they will put out a gasoline fire. If the automobile catches fire, they can be thrown into the engine hood, or wherever the fire starts. The liquid is harmless and will cause no damage to metal surfaces or fabrics.—H. F. Ashes from Kitchen Range Handled without Dust As# containers in the cellar should be kept covered, even if a pipe is provided for conveying the ashes from the kitchen range directly to an ash barrel. Fora barrel into which sucha chute discharges, provide a circu- lar cover. in which a hole has been cut the size of the outside diameter of the pipe. This will prevent dust ris- ing from the bar- rel every time ashes are the pipe from the kitchen. sary only to push up the cover on the chute. In homes where no provision has been made for an ash chute of this kind, much labor and dust in the kitchen would be saved by installing one in the manner illustrated.—JOHN NICHOLS. One of the most effective types of | fire extinguisher can, however, be made by | To remove the barrel it is neces- Dec Co eet Qe es et Decembe — 142 Popular Science Monthly

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» a lid art FF be ed en NCS vA S- e. ch De er December, 1922 masters. 141 ‘Some present from Dad” What a wonderful thing it will be for any boy whose Dad makes it possible for him to take his first les- son on Christmas day on his very own f — True-Tone Saxophone y Every boy should play some musical instrument. Of all musical instruments, the True-Tone Saxophone is a boy’s instrument. It is the one that just fits a boy, to which he takes naturally and which he easily Paul L. Specht Director Paul L. Specht and His Orchestra. Hear their Buescher Instru- ments in superb Co- lumbia Dance Records. and develops his latent musical talent. A Saxophone will help keep your boy at home and occupied with things worth while; it will teach him to improve his time instead of wasting it; it will bring him in contact with better, cleaner associates. The technique of the Saxophone interests and tempts a boy’s ambition. It brings out Gene Rodemich Director of Gene Rode- mich's Orchestra. Hear this premier Southern Orchestra in Brunswick Records (for dancing), laying Buescher Band nstruments and Saxo- phones. 75% of all ponular phonograph records ; th Buescher Instruments, are played wi December, 1922 Easiest to Play The Buescher Saxophone is so perfected and simplified that it is the easiest of all musical, instruments to learn. It is the one instrument that everyone can play —and it wholly satisfies that craving every- body has to personally produce music. Your boy can learn the scale in an hour's practice, play popular music in a few weeks and take his place in an Orchestra or Band within 90 days, if he so desires. Nothing can take the place of a Saxophone for home entertainment, church, lodge, school. It increases the pleasure you get out of life, increases your popularity and your opportun- ities. $500 to $1000 Weekly For But 2 Hours a Day is not uncommon for musicians of ability to earn. Buescher Band Instruments have helped make famous Paul Whiteman, Tom Brown, Joseph C. Smith (Brunswick Records), Vincent Lopez, Clyde C. Doerr, Bennie Krueger (Brunswick Records), Ben Selvin, Dan Russo (Brunswick Records), Paul Specht, Donald Clark, Art Hickman, Clay Smith, Guy Holmes, Henry Santrey, Carl Fenton (Brunswick Re- cords), Gene Rodemich (Brunswick Records), and thousands of others. Your boy might de- velop equal ability. Free Trial—Easy Payments We make it easy for you to get your boy a Saxophone this Christmas. You may order any Buescher Saxophone, Cornet, Trumpet, Trombone or other Band or Or- chestral Instrument without paying in advance, and try it six days in your own home without obligation. If perfectly satisfied, pay for it on easy terms to suit your convenience. Saxophone Book Free After nearly 300 years’ supremacy, string instruments are almost en- tirely displaced by Saxophones in all nationally popular orchestras. Our Free Saxophone Book tells which Saxophone takes violin, cello and bass parts, and many other things you would like to know. Ask for your copy. | Buescher Band Instrument Co. |! 3137 Buescher Block, Elkhart, Ind. L Makers of Everything in Band and Orchestra Instruments TSG DS edie eet l i i new bore and new proportions. Buescher-Grand Trumpet An entirely new model, featuring the Buescher improved will meet every demand from the martial flourish to the tender love song. We guarantee it to be the best Trumpet you have ever heard. checked below: Buescher Band Instrument Co., 3137 Buescher Block, Elkhart, Ind. GENTLEMEN: I am interested in the instrument ... Saxophone....Cornet....Trombone....Trumpet (Mention any other instrument interested in) Mcicctacsevcsveted Joseph C. Smith Director Joseph C. Smith's Orchestra, al- ways fumous for fine dunce records and now making Brunswick Rec- ords exclusively, using Buescher Band Instru- ments and Saxophones. Bennie Krueger Director Bennie Krue- ger and His Brunswick Orchestra. Brunswick Records. Hear the Jazz Wizsrd with his Bues- cher Saxophone. envedsess State......... 8 Dip ch set eis ssn el dhe 143

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142 _The Greatest Radio Offer o the Year—Absolutely Complete, $49.50 This special receiving outfit wil! give as good results as any outfit of this improved ng od on the market. It is absolutely complete, there fis nothing extra to buy. We include everything—you simply put up the aerial, connect the instruments, which is easy to do, and in less than half an hour you can be receiving signals, radio music, lectures, stock reports, market reports, or any other radio program sent out. In making tests with this set in Chicago we regularly heard Detroit. Pittsbur h and other stations were often tuned in. Of course, atmospheric conditions affect the range of this or any other re- ceiving set made. Highest Development in Radio Receiving This outfit will equal in results any outfit of this type regardless of price. It is especially made for us and has behind it the fifty year old guarantee of 2 mery Ward & Co.: “*Satisfaction guaranteed or your money back.”’ You take no risk whatever i in ordering this set. Long Distance Vacuum Tube Receiving Set The complete outfit inciades our special Combined Tuner and De- tector; Special 2000 ohm Double Head Set; Radio Storage Battery ; one Detector Tube, one “B"’ Battery; and complete antenna and connecting equipment ope Bey feet bare copper wire and 25 eet insulated wire, porcelain t double throw switch; 2 antenna insulators; lightning protector; ground clamp, 2 screw eyes and 25 feet of wire for instrument connections. Order this set at our risk. It will be packed carefully and shipped immediately from our menrest house. shipping weight 40 pounds. $49. 50 563. 99—Complete ee ae this outfit today and start at once enjoying in your home the most marvelous invention of the age Price of receiving Set without batteries, head piece, switch and aerial, shipping weight 8 pounds: 563Z598—$27.50 Send money order or check to the one of our five houses that is nearest to you. MONTGOMERY WARD & CO., Dept. 5-R Chicago Kansas City Saint Paul Fort Worth Portland, Ore. RADIO CATALOG FREE This FREE ca tells you the kind of Wireless uipment to own, so that you receive in your own home all the latest news, music, Church services, lectures —everything that is broadcasted. Everyhome should haveawireless telephone outfit. We nowo complete outfits from $12.95 up. Everyone interested in radio should see our low prices on parts and accessories. Write for this book. Learn about the invention of the age. Easy to in- stall, simple to operate. One copy of this bookletis yours, EREE. Write for your ~¥ ~~ COMPLETE OUTFIT preg =: Montgom ry nee © neste cepa | Praeenen tne HAIR GROWS! rates and one. When our Vacuum Cap is used a few minutes daily. Sent on 60 days’ FREE trial at our expense. Stops falling hair and dandruff. Science combined with common sense. No drugs or electricity. A postal brings illustrated booklet. Fiat radiator ee lade wind resistance. The Central Auto Sepply Ce. Only $45.00 For This Job Complete Save engrbltont S. freight t up = Modern Vacuum Cap Co. 400 Barclay Denver, Colo. . 4 a es arn, ees | at Sg, Help Save It Make Big Money Capitalize the present urgent demand for economy. Coal Prices are high. Become distributor for the CROWN Fuel Saver which helps keep coal prices down by sav- ing at least one fifth the coal. This is a proved fact and a good selling argument. Now is the psychological time to put your- self on a paying basis. Distributors for the CROWN receive FREE training and are backed by advertising and selling helps. Exclusive territory assigned. This is a legitimate opportunity to establish a big profitable, permanent business, It will pay you toinvestigate. Write or wire. CFSCO 12 N. 10th St., Richmond, Indiana me HOT OXYGEN 2 Popular Science Monthly THE HOME WORKSHOP Miniature Christmas-Tree Lights Shine from Doll’s House S* in the midst of a snow scene at the base of a Christmas tree, a doll’s house adds an unusually attractive feature to the Yuletide decorations, especially if the lights of a tiny Christmas tree shine through its window and duplicate in miniature the sparkling brilliance of the large tree. A pasteboard house is purchased or built to resemble as nearly as possible a Tiny house set in ‘‘cotton’’ snow scene has Christmas-tree lights in window real house, preferably a reproduction of the house in which it is to be used. Colored tissue paper at the windows and doors gives the effect of colored draperies. Obtain a rectangular tin, such as a cocoa can, and remove one side with a can-opener or tin shears. Cut a large enough hole in the top so that an electric-light bulb inside the can may be screwed into a socket on the outside, thus locking the bulb and socket in place. Punch holes in one side of the can to | represent the lights of a small Christmas #7 HOLES IN SHAPE OF ONE SIDE AB, x mas’ TREE. PUNCHED, OF CAN ABN ONE SIDE OF CAN | CUT WITH | AWAY 4 NAIL Tin can casing and reflector for electric bulb. How holes should be punched tree and put this side against the inside of one of the windows. Then, when the light is turned on, it looks as if there were a Christmas tree in the window, besides illuminating the other windows opposite the open side of the can.—E. M. HAZLE- woop, Norwood, Ohio. Decembe ———

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December, 1922 143 = z s s for Christmas e e ° : e e ing : a ENGINEERING FOR BOYS A Log Saw The reason why you can build such wonderful models with Meccano is that every part is a real engineering | piece—-pulleys, gears, strips, girders, rods, couplings and cranks, all perfectly designed and accurately made. ANYWHERE: BETWEEN 5 AND 70 is the correct age to start Meccano. The youngest boy can begin to build the moment he gets his outfithome. A screw- driver and spanner are the only tools necessary. Every outfit complete, nothing further to buy. FULL INSTRUCTIONS. A big illustrated Book of Instructions goes with each outfit, making everything perfectly clear. No study needed. ‘ BOOKS FREE TO BOYS ote . MECCANO PRODUCTS: All about a: building. 2. DICK’S VISIT TO MECCANOLAND: A boy’s fascinating experience at Meccano headquarters. 3. RADIO: How to make a receiving set with Meccano to hear concerts, etc. as All three books free if you send us d addresses of three of your chums. Put es No. 37 after your name for reference. , . a MECCANO COMPANY, INC., er Division K, in ELIZABETH, N. J. le : In Canada: . MECCANO Ltd, 11 Colborne St., TORONTO 1 co | | GRAND $1250 os PRIZE CONTEST Hundreds of prizes. Get Entry Blanks from your dealer, or write us. “ Meccano Outfits ee eae No. 0 builds 70 models. .$1.50 . No. | builds 105 models. 3.00 No. IX (with electric ee, ER ene 5.00 of No. 2 builds 151 models. 6.00 of Aun oe yu’ y pie AOR ~ a No. 3 — — oot 9.00 ht He didn’t buy it; Sali Uy -S = Ss A = = ol = ca - e a ce fe aa of price fe | he BUILT IT! se verge Ly ite E- |. _ i = y oe December. 1922 wn hens $

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14% Popular Science Monthly A | ifs tS i Lionel “‘Multivolt” Trans- rel formers operate all trains fi from any electric light I socket at minimum cost. iM Approved by National Board of Fire Underwrit- Bees SES Lionel Outfits with “Twin-Motor” locomotives cost no | Ry a ers. Best for running every ie i a electrical toy. | A Real Railroad All Your O | eal Railroa our Own | That’s what your Lionel Railroad System will be! Pa eb , eR UST imagine yourself at the control-switch of a Lionel Railroad — tracks, stations, tunnels, electric lighted if Outfit with the big, powerful Lionel “Twin-Motor” switches and semaphores, automatic warning signals — is Vee locomotive waiting to pull twenty cars downthe track just exactly like the equipment and accessories of a big | 1} —as easily as other locomotives pull half as many. And _ railroad. Locomotives and cars are hand enameled and Ae baked just like automobile bodies. he Te nieapt ane abe ped. Fas > more than outfits of like size with single motor locomo- Everything about a Lionel “Standard of the World.” Lionel locomotive and car bodies are of one-piece all- iW tives of other makes. (There are ten types omer steel construction—practically unbreakable. They are fs Lionel single motor locomotives in addition to the “Twin- mechanically and electrically perfect. mS. Motor.”) , ' , ee See Lionel Trains at your dealer’s store. Insist on iy. For twenty-two years Lionel products have been Lionel—sold by the best department, toy, hardware, sporting goods, and electrical stores everywhere. Be sure to send post card at once for the Lionel 40-page catalog, printed in four colors, showing the complete line of Lionel Outfits (a size to suit every purse) and lots of wonderful railroad accessories. } ' +4 | d : 2] aa aod ; THE LIONEL CORPORATION ELECTRIC TOY &HMaltivolt Transformers 48-D EAST 21st STREET NEW YORK CITY, ee ee eon: rw +S eae ART COLOR PRINTING CO., NEW YORK Popular Science Monthly

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-is big nd ill- ire on re, December, 1922 3 In three short years he put it across But he had dreamed about it for fourteen years. Haven’t YOU dreamed long enough? HIS is a story for salesmen; for accountants; for tech- nical men—for any man who knows one department of busi- ness, and wonders how he is going to get to the top, either in the business where he now is, or in a business of his own. It has to do with a man named R. Lee Smith, now Vice-President and General Manager of the United Soda Fountain Company of Boston; one of the most successful concerns of its kind in the country. For fourteen years he worked and dreamed; then he added the training of the Alex- ander Hamilton Institute to his work. And in three short years he had made the dreams of four- teen years come true. Thirty-eight; married; and a family Starting as a salesman he be- came sales manager of a com- pany making soda fountains and their equipment. He was successful in his department— sales. (Most men who enrol with the Institute are success- ful in the one department of business where their experi- ence has been gained.) He was thirty-eight. (Most men who enrol with the Institute are between twenty-five and forty- five.) He was married. (A majority of the men who enrol with the Institute are.) And this was the driving power behind his decision: “I wished to afford my family ad- vantages,” he wrote, “which otherwise they would not have had.” ‘‘T had dreamed for years of my own business’”’ “For fourteen years I had been a salesman and sales mana- ger,” he continued. “I had dreamed for years of my own business organization, but my work gave me no understand- ing of business other than that which concerned selling. J knew nothing of production, financing, or business promo- tion. Your Course and Service gave me an understanding of these things.” He clipped a coupon from an advertisement like this. With the knowledge which the Institute brought to him, and with its encouragement and guidance, he organized the United Soda Fountain Com- pany, erected a factory and started production. Straight thru the period of business depression the business has steadily grown; and now Mr. Smith plans to double its fac- tory space and its output. So three years’ work with training did what work alone had never been able to do. A book that has made dreams come true You who read Mr. Smith’s story on this page are already familiar with the Alexander Hamilton Institute. You know how many thousand there are who, like Mr. Smith, give it credit for having shortened their path to larger income and greater success, The whole story of the Institute has been printed fully in a 118-page book— a book that should be in every thought- ful man’s library. It is called ‘‘Forging Ahead in Business’’ For any man who is asking himself “Where am I going to be in business ten years from now?”’ there is a copy of this book without obligation. We would like to place it in the hands of every ambi- tious man. It helped Mr. Smith to give his family “advantages that otherwise they would not have had.” Send for your copy now. Alexander Hamilton Institute 642 Astor Place, New York City Send me ‘‘Forging Ahead in Business” which I may keep wthout obligation. AMIGO Gs iin o's. 6:a side vied naepas mapetemeee nae is Print here Business Pe ee eer re Te er rr err rer eT ey Business : POGGIO s 5 oo vcs cc cecececuic eee b's clays hem eprnnine Canadian Address, C.P.R. Buildin, Toronto; Australian Address, 42 Hunter Street, Sydney December, 1922 Copyright, 1922. Alexander Hamilton Institute

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With Popular Science Monthly Down the Endless Trail of Human Knowledge Back to Our First Ancestors OYOU know the actual facts about human evolu- tion? Sincethisyear’s violent revival of the historic debate over Darwin’s theory, no man will consider himself well informed unless he does know the facts. Don’t miss the fascinating pic- ture story of evolu- tion to appear in a forthcoming _ issue, showing ancient monsters andourown apelike ancestors. Trapped intheDepths | of a Desert Canyon HAT would you do if you found yourself, an injured companion, and a motorcycle, trapped in the bottom of a roasting desert chasm, with cliffs towering 75 feet above you, and with the sun beating down at a temperature of 125 degrees? A fascinating story of real life adventure, relating how a Western writer, who found himself in just this fix, hauled his injured pal up the cliff to safety with an ingenious makeshift ele- vator after both had dragged their disassembled motorcycle from the peril- ous hole, is told in the Jan- uary issue of Poputar Science Montuty. It’s a thrilling Western desert drama. B WIS Your Chance to Visit a World of Wonders APMISSION to a personally conducted tour through these realms of adventure and romance, with scores of side trips into every important field of science and invention is offered you next month and every month when you purchase POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. | THE January issue, Vilhjalmur Stefansson, the great Arctic ex- plorer, writes an eye-opening article on the probable development of a great Empire of the North, where hardy adventurers will find new stores of wealth to exploit. Besides a dozen other features of equal importance to those mentioned here, the January issue will be crammed with articles and Home 146 }, Will Civilization Move to the Arctic? f ersonal service. ack inns’ commandments for success with a_ regenera- tive receiving outfit, and Harold F. Blanchard’s article on the care of your car in winter will each in itself be likely to save you many times the price of the magazine. Don’t miss this wealth of useful in- formation in our New Year number. Workshop items of — { \ \y i" a | Popular Science Monthly Over the Rockies by Airship _ great freight and passenger dirigibles to ply between American cities? Admiral Moffett, of the U. S. Navy, believes they will. In the Janu- ary issue he discloses why the Navy Department is building the huge airship “ZR-1.” With Infant Athletes in the Gymnasium HE scientific training of in- fant athletes, sug- gested by their mar- velous ability to hang tirelessly by their hands—an in- heritance from our M tree - climbing pro- genitors — has _be- come a growing fad in this country. Read next month the story of these wonder ba- bies, and what med- ical authorities say about the training you should give your own child. Where Millionaires Pay Thousands of Dollars for Marvelous Ship Models . Hpac ecrenqgent ranging from $100 to $40,000 a model are being earned today by a unique group of tool users, who specialize in building small reproductions of ancient and modern ships. Every man who has ever handled tools will enjoy an article in next month’s PopuLar Science Montuty describing the wonderful craftsmanship of these modelmakers, and the opportunities offered by their profession. Read how one man, in 15 years’ L devotion to this lucrative business, made 100 ship : h models, receiving more than $20,000 for some of them, ‘4 while enjoying a fascinating pastime. WTO iat LL Lc EEZEZEZ EEE zz Popular Science Monthly r

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December, 1922 Why Some People Are Never At Ease Among Strangers EOPLE of culture can be recognized at once. They are calm, well-poised. They have a certain dignity about them, a certain calm assurance which makes people respect them. It is because they know exactly what to do and say on eve occasion that they are able to mingle wit the most highly cultivated people and yet be entirely at ease. ; But there are some people who are never at ease among strangers. Because they do not know the right thing to do at the right time, they are awkward, self-conscious. They are afraid to accept invitations because they do not know what to wear, how to acknowledge introductions, how to make people like them, They are timid in the presence of celebrated people because they do not know when to rise and when to remain seated, when to speak and when to remain silent, when to offer one’s chair and when not to. They are always uncom- fortable and embarrassed when they are in the company of cultured men and women. It is only by knowing definitely, without the slightest doubt, what to do, say, write and wear on all occasions, under all condi- tions, that one is able to be dignified, charm- ing and well-poised at all times. How Etiquette Gives Charm and Poise Etiquette means good manners. It means knowing what to do at the right time, what to say at the right time. It con- sists of certain important little laws of good conduct that have been adopted by the best circles in Europe and America and which serve as a barrier to keep the uncultured and ill-bred out of the circles where they would be uncomfortable and embarrassed. People with good manners, therefore, are people whose poise and dignity impress you immediately with a certain awe,-a certain respect. Etiquette makes them graceful, confident. It he thank her? Who should be served first? Is it good form to accept a second cup? What is the secret of creating conversa- tion and making people find you pleasant and agreeable? It is so easy to commit em- barrassing blunders, so easy to do what is wrong. But etiquette tells us just what is expected of us and guards us from all humil- jation and discomfort. Etiquette in Public Here are some questions which will help you find out just how much you know about the eti- quette that must be observed among strangers. See how many of them you can answer: When a man and woman enter the theater together, who walks first down the aisle? When the usher points out the seats, does the man enter first or the woman? There is nothing that so quickly reveals one’s true station and breeding than awkward, poor manners at the table. Should the knife be held in the left hand or the right? Should olives be eaten with the fingers or with a fork? How is lettuce eaten? What is the correct and cultured way to eat corn on the cob? Are the finger-tips of both hands placed into the finger-bowl at once, or just one at a time? When a man walks in the street with two women, does he walk between them or next to the curb? Who enters the street car first, the man or the woman? When does a man tip his hat? On what occasions is it considered bad form for him to pay a woman’s fare? May a man on any occasion hold a woman’s arm when they are walking together? * Some people learn all about etiquette and correct conduct enables them to mingle with by associating with cultured the most cultured people Do You Know people and learning what to and be perfectly at ease. It ’ do and say at the expense of takes away their self-con- te Sie. men and many embarrassing blunders, i ir timidity . But t le are now sciousness, their timidity. By PA iS ine ut most peop ; knowing what is expected of nouncements, acknowiedg- learning quickly and easily them, what is the correct ments? through the famous Book thing to do and say they how to register at a hotel? of Etiquette—a_ splendid, become calm, dignified and well poised—and they are welcomed and admired in the highest circles of business ment? how to take leave of the hostess after an entertain- how to plan home and church carefully compiled, authentic guide toward correct man- ners on all occasions. a weddings? and society. how to use table silver in the The Book of ‘ proper way? Etiquette Here’s the Way People how to do. at all times, under nn, eae all conditions, the cultured, e 00 re) tiquette Judge Us correct thing? 4 makes it possible for you to Let us pretend that we are in the drawing room and the hostess is serving tea. Numerous little ques- tions of conduct confront us. If we know what to do we are happy, at ease. But if we do not know the correct and cultured thing to do, we are ill at ease. We know we are betraying ourselves. We know that those who are with us can tell immediately, simply by watching us and talking to us, if we are not cultured. For instance, one must know how to eat cake correctly. Should it be taken up in the fingers or eaten with a fork? Should the napkin be entirely unfolded or should the center crease be allowed to remain? May lump sugar be taken up with the fingers? There are other problems, too—many of them. Should the man rise when he ac- cepts a cup of tea from the hostess? Should December, 1922 do, say, write and wear what is absolutely correct and in accord with the best form on every occasion —whether you are to be bridesmaid at a wedding or usher at a friend’s private theater party. It covers everyday etiquette in all its phases. There are chapters on the etiquette of engagements, weddings, dances, parties and all social entertainments. There are interesting chapters on correspondence, invi- tations, calls and calling cards. New chapters on the etiquette in foreign countries have been added, and there are many helpful hints to the man or woman who travels. With the Book of Etiquette to refer to, there can be no mistakes, no embarrassment, One knows exactly what is correct and what is incorrect. And by knowing so definitely that one is perfect in the art of etiquette, a =f \ Hi ial ani WaN gry if NS AN ; al ae 4{ Many embarrassing blunders can be made in the public restaurant. Should the young lady in the picture pick up the fork or leave it for the watter to attend to? Or should one of the men pick it up? " confident poise is developed which enables one to appear in the most elaborate drawing- room, among the most brilliant and highly cultured people, without feeling the least bit ill at ease. Send No Money To enable everyone, everywhere, to ex- amine the famous Book of Etiquette without obligation, we make this special offer to send the complete two-volume set free for 5 days to any one requesting it. Entirely free—no money in advance. All that is necessary is your name-and address on the coupon below and the Book of Etiquette will be sent to you at once at our expense. You have the privi- lege of examining it, reading it, and deciding for yourself whether or not you want to keep it. Send for the Book of Etiquette today. Kead some of the interesting chapters. Surprise your friends and acquaintances with your knowledge of what to do, say, write and wear on all occasions. And when you have been fully convinced that etiquette widens your circle of friends, makes you admired and re- spected, increases your knowledge of societ and its requirements, gives you poise, self- confidence and charm—keep the set and send us $3.50 in full payment. But if you are not utterly delighted after the 5-day free trial, simply return books and you won't be out a cent, The Book of Etiquette is published in hand- some cloth binding decorated in gold. Send for your set today. Just the coupon, remem- ber—no money. But get your coupon off NOW. Nelson Doubleday, Inc., Dept. 2512, Garden City, N. Y. NELSON DOUBLEDAY, Inc. Dept. 2512, Garden City, L. I. Without money in advance or obligation on my part, send me the Two Volume set of the Book of Etiquette. Within 5 days I will either return the books or send you $3.50 in full payment. It is understood that I am not obliged to_keep the ks if 1 am not delighted with them. WORN Ss 0 osleniivecesscsviddvesach deve coedumnaen eee (Please write plainly) COOPER EEEEE | Check this square if you want these books with the beautiful full leather binding at $5.00 with 5 days examination privilege. (Orders outside of the U.S. are payable $3.50 cash with order.) EE i

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seer Ne SIS 1 Ea ROMS SCARE cic ea masa a sete N ATS eS ge Os os Popular Science M onthly 7 Lionel “‘Multivolt” Trans- formers operate all trains from any electric light socket at minimum cost. Approved by National Board of Fire Underwrit- ers. Best for running every electrical toy. A Real Railroad All Your Own That’s what your Lionel Railroad System will be! UST imagine yourself at the control-switch of a Lionel Outfit with the big, powerful Lionel “Twin-Motor” locomotive waiting to pull twenty cars down the track —as easily as other locomotives pull half as many. And Lionel Outfits with “Twin-Motor” locomotives cost no more than outfits of like size with single motor locomo- tives of other makes. (There are ten types of powerful Lionel single motor locomotives in addition to the “Twin- Motor.”) For twenty-two years Lionel products have been “Standard of the World.” Everything about a Lionel Railroad — tracks, stations, tunnels, electric lighted switches and semaphores, automatic warning signals — is just exactly like the equipment and accessories of a big railroad. Locomotives and cars are hand enameled and baked just like automobile bodies. Lionel locomotive and car bodies are of one-piece all- steel construction—practically unbreakable. They are mechanically and electrically perfect. See Lionel Trains at your dealer’s store. Insist on Lionel— sold by the best department, toy, hardware, sporting goods, and electrical stores everywhere. Be sure to send post card at once for the Lionel 40-page catalog, printed in four colors, showing the complete line of Lionel Outfits (a size to suit every purse) and lots of wonderful railroad accessories. THE LIONEL CORPORATION — :: ELECTRIC TOY &Maltivolt Transformers fi0 48-D EAST 21st STREET NEW YORK CITY, ART COLOR PRINTING CO., NEW YORK

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December, 1922 In three short years he put it across But he had dreamed about it for fourteen years. Haven’t YOU dreamed long enough? HIS is a story for salesmen; for accountants; for tech- nical men—for any man who knows one department of busi- ness, and wonders how he is going to get to the top, either in the business where he now is, or in a business of his own. It has to do with a man named R. Lee Smith, now Vice-President and General Manager of the United Soda Fountain Company of Boston; one of the most successful concerns of its kind in the country. For fourteen years he worked and dreamed; then he added the training of the Alex- ander Hamilton Institute to his work. And in three short years he had made the dreams of four- teen years come true. Thirty-eight; married; and a family Starting as a salesman he be- came sales manager of a com- pany making soda fountains and their equipment. He was successful in his department— sales. (Most men who enrol with the Institute are success- ful in the one department of business where their experi- ence has been gained.) He was thirty-eight. (Most men who enrol with the Institute are between twenty-five and forty- five.) He was married. (A majority of the men who enrol with the Institute are.) And this was the driving power behind his decision: “I wished to afford my family ad- vantages,” he wrote, “‘which otherwise they would not have had.” ‘‘T had dreamed for years of my own business”’ “For fourteen years I had been a salesman and sales mana- ger,” he continued. “I had dreamed for years of my own business organization, but my work gave me no understand- ing of business other than that which concerned selling. I knew nothing of production, financing, or business promo- tion. Your Course and Service gave me an understanding of these things.” He clipped a coupon from an advertisement like this. With the knowledge which the Institute brought to him, and with its encouragement and guidance, he organized the United Soda Fountain Com- pany, erected a factory and started production. Straight Canadian Address, C.P.R. Buildinz, Toronto; Australian Address, 42 Hunter Street, Sydney thru the period of business depression the business has steadily grown; and now Mr. Smith plans to double its fac- tory space and its output. So three years’ work with training did what work alone had never been able to do. A book that has made dreams come true You who read Mr. Smith’s story on this page are already familiar with the Alexander Hamilton Institute. You know how many thousand there are who, like Mr. Smith, give it credit for having shortened their path to larger income and greater success, The whole story of the Institute has been printed fully in a 118-page book— a book that should be in every thought- ful man’s library. It is called ‘‘Forging Ahead in Business’’ For any man who is asking himself “‘Where am I going to be in business ten years from now?” there is a copy of this book without obligation. We would like to place it in the hands of every ambi- tious man. It helped Mr. Smith to give his family “advantages that otherwise they would not have had.” Send for your copy now. Alexander Hamilton Institute 642 Astor Place, New York City Send me ‘‘Forging Ahead in Business” which I may keep wthout obligation. Name eT OO ee cer . Print here Stead REGTOOR 66 occ ciccccedécecwvesweesertwesnaaee eee eee ee eeeeeOOSeeeeeeeeeeeeerrane Business : WOIOUNS ova ows occ césle.vuisvbsins Same Chinon Copyright, 1922. Alexander Hamilton Institute

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rr Sots Sites. A eats palicnes piu Signed : Why Not Take this Trip Next Month With Popular Science Monthly Down the Endless Trail of Human Knowledge Back to Our First Ancestors O YOU know the actual facts about human evolu- tion? Sincethisyear’s violent revival of the historic debate over Darwin’s theory, no man will consider himself well informed unless he does know the facts. Don’t miss the fascinating pic- ture story of evolu- tion to appear in a forthcoming _ issue, showing ancient monsters andourown apelike ancestors. Trapped in the Depths of .a Desert Canyon wat would you do if you found yourself, an injured companion, and a motorcycle, trapped in the bottom of a roasting desert chasm, with cliffs towering 75 feet above you, and with the sun beating down at a temperature of 125 degrees? | A fascinating story of real life adventure, relating how a Western writer, who found himself in just this fix, hauled his injured pal up the cliff to safety with an ingenious makeshift ele- vator after both had dragged their disassembled motorcycle from the peril- ous hole, is told in the Jan- uary issue of Popurar Science Montuiy. It’s a thrilling Western desert drama. B Your Chance to Visit a World of Wonders APMISSION to a personally conducted tour through these realms of adventure and romance, with scores of side trips into every important field of science and invention is offered you next month and every month when you purchase POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. }, Will Civilization Move to the Arctic? f | THE January issue, Vilhjalmur Stefansson, the great Arctic ex- plorer, writes an eye-opening article on the probable development of a great Empire of the North, where hardy adventurers will find new stores of wealth to exploit. Besides a dozen other features of equal importance to those mentioned here, the January issue will be crammed with articles and Home Workshop items of helpful { ersonal service. Tock \ inns’ commandments for \ success with a regenera- Y/ tive receiving outfit, and Harold F. Blanchard’s article on the Mi care of your car in winter will each in itself be likely to save you many times the price of the magazine. Don’t miss this wealth of useful in- formation in our New Year number. Popular Science Monthly -}") Over the Rockies by Airship re great freight and passenger dirigibles to ply between American cities? Admiral Moffett, of the U. S. Navy, believes they will. In the Janu- ary issue he discloses why the Navy Department is building the huge airship “ZR-I.” ; With Infant Athletes in the Gymnasium HE scientific training of in- fant athletes, sug- gested by their mar- velous ability to hang tirelessly by their hands—an in- heritance from our tree - climbing pro- genitors — has _be- come a growing fad in this country. Read next month the story of these wonder ba- bies, and what med- ical authorities say about the training you should give your own child. Where Millionaires Pay Thousands of Dollars for Marvelous Ship Models ° fg wnairs ranging from $100 to $40,000 a model are being earned today by a unique group of tool users, who specialize in building small reproductions of ancient and modern ships. Every man who has ever handled tools will enjoy an article in next month’s PopuLar Science Montuty describing the wonderful craftsmanship of these modelmakers, and the opportunities offered by their profession. Read how one man, in 15 years’ Lb devotion to this lucrative business, made 100 ship ! h models, receiving more than $20,000 for some of them, ‘4 while enjoying a fascinating pastime. ; % : ¥ ( a t é, wenscnnonee, Sm zee o re « ra n 4 ‘ STW AAAAAAAA AQ AAG] GANAS AAA AL; A AA ALT EL HANHAAAAAAAA AA Ta aaaaa Y Popular Science Monthly a a ee ee a ee

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December, 1922 Why Some People Are Never | At Ease Among Strangers They are calm, well-poised. They have a certain dignity about them, a certain calm assurance which makes people respect them, It is because they know exactly what to do and say on ever occasion that they are able to mingle with the most highly cultivated people and yet be entirely at ease. : But there are some people who are never at ease among strangers. Because they do not know the right thing to do at the right time, they are awkward, self-conscious. They are afraid to accept invitations because they do not know what to wear, how to acknowledge introductions, how to make people like them: They are timid in the presence of celebrated people because they do not know when to rise and when to remain seated, when to speak and when to remain silent, when to offer one’s chair and when not to. They are always uncom- fortable and embarrassed when they are in the company of cultured men and women. It is only by knowing definitely, without the slightest doubt, what to do, say, write and wear on all occasions, under all condi- tions, that one is able to be dignified, charm- ing and well-poised at all times. How Etiquette Gives Charm and Poise EOPLE of culture can be recognized at once. Etiquette means good manners. It means knowing what to do at the right time, what to say at the right time. It con- sists of certain important little laws of good conduct that have been adopted by the best circles in Europe and America and which serve as a barrier to keep the uncultured and ill-bred out of the circles where they would be uncomfortable and embarrassed. People with good manners, therefore, are people whose poise and dignity impress you immediately with a certain awe,-a certain respect. Etiquette makes them graceful, confident. It he thank her? Who should be served first? Is it good form to accept a second cup? What is the secret of creating conversa- tion and making people find you pleasant and agreeable? It is so easy to commit em- barrassing blunders, so easy to do what is wrong. But etiquette tells us just what is expected of us and guards us from all humil- iation and discomfort. Etiquette in Public Here are some questions which will help you find out just how much you know about the eti- quette that must be observed among strangers. See how many of them you can answer: When a man and woman enter the theater together, who walks first down the aisle? When the usher points out the seats, does the man enter first or the woman? There is nothing that so quickly reveals one’s true station and breeding than awkward, poor manners at the table. Should the knife be held in the left hand or the right? Should olives be eaten with the fingers or with a fork? How is lettuce eaten? What is the correct and cultured way to eat corn on the cob? Are the finger-tips of both hands placed into the finger-bowl at once, or just one at a time? When a man walks in the street with two women, does he walk between them or next to the curb? Who enters the street car first, the man or the woman? When does a man tip his hat? On what occasions is it considered bad form for him to pay a woman’s fare? May a man on any occasion hold a woman’s arm when they are walking together? * Some people learn all about enables them to mingle with the most cultured people and be perfectly at ease. It takes away their self-con- sciousness, their timidity. By knowing what is expected of them, what is the correct thing to do and say they become calm, dignified and well poised—and they are welcomed and admired in the highest circles of business Do You nouncements, ments? hostess after ment? weddings? correct thing? how to introduce men and women correctly? how to word invitations, an- how to register at a hotel? how to take leave of the how to plan home and church etiquette and correct conduct by associating with cultured people and learning what to do and say at the expense of many embarrassing blunders, But most people are now learning quickly and easily through the famous Book of Etiquette—a_ splendid, carefully compiled, authentic guide toward correct man- ners on all occasions. Know acknowledg- an entertain- and society. how to use table silver in the The Book of . proper way? Etiquette Here’sthe Way People | how to do at all times, under Judge Us all conditions, the cultured, The Book of Etiquette makes it possible for you to Let us pretend that we are in the drawing room and the hostess is serving tea. Numerous little ques- tions of conduct confront us. If we know what to do we are happy, at ease. But if we do not know the correct and cultured thing to do, we are ill at ease. We know we aré betraying ourselves. We know that q those who are with us can tell immediately, simply by watching us and talking to us, if we are not cultured. For instance, one must know how to eat cake correctly. Should it be taken up in the fingers or eaten with a fork? Should the napkin be entirely unfolded or should the center crease be allowed to remain? May lump sugar be taken up with the fingers? There are other problems, too—many of them. Should the man rise when he ac- cepts a cup of tea from the hostess? Should December, 1922 do, say, write and wear what is absolutely correct and in accord with the best form on every occasion —whether you are to be bridesmaid at a wedding or usher at a friend’s private theater party. It covers everyday etiquette in all its phases. There are chapters on the etiquette of engagements, weddings, dances, parties and all social entertainments. There are interesting chapters on correspondence, invi- tations, calls and calling cards. New chapters on the etiquette in foreign countries have been added, and there are many helpful hints to the man or woman who travels. With the Book of Etiquette to refer to, there can be no mistakes, no embarrassment, One knows exactly what is correct and what is incorrect. And by knowing so definitely that one is perfect in the art of etiquette, a restaurant. up the fork or leave it for the waiter to attend to? Or should one of the men pick it up? i ! We I = Ie « in Wk ¢ tm it ii! rN ei hPa \ As Many embarrassing blunders can be made in the public Should the young lady in the picture pick confident poise is developed which enables one to appear in the most elaborate drawing- room, among the most brilliant and highly cultured people, without feeling the least bit ill at ease. Send No Money To enable everyone, everywhere, to ex- amine the famous Book of Etiquette without obligation, we make this special offer to send the complete two-volume set free for 5 days to any one requesting it. Entirely free—no money in advance. All that is necessary is your name and address on the coupon below and the Book of Etiquette will be sent to you at once at our expense. You have the privi- lege of examining it, reading it, and deciding for yourself whether or not you want to keep it. Send for the Book of Etiquette today. Read | some of the interesting chapters. Surprise your friends and acquaintances with your knowledge of what to do, say, write and wear on all occasions. And when you have been fully convinced that etiquette widens your circle of friends, makes you admired and re- spected, increases your knowledge of societ and its requirements, gives you poise, self- confidence and charm—keep the set and send us $3.50 in full payment. But if you are not utterly delighted after the 5-day free trial, simply return books and you won’t be out a cent, The Book of Etiquette is published in hand- some cloth binding decorated in gold. Send for your set today. Just the coupon, remem- ber—no money. But get your coupon off NOW. Nelson Doubleday, Inc., Dept. 2512, Garden City, N. Y. NELSON DOUBLEDAY, Inc. Dept. 2512, Garden City, L. I. Without money in advance or obligation on my part, send me the Two Volume set of the Book of Etiquette. Within 5 days I will either return the books or send you $3.50in full payment. It is understood that I am not obliged to_keep the ks if I am not delighted with them. A ere rr reer evee (Please write plainly) RED e's svc ba 0 ccc dic cchvccevstsyesete tues ecm Check this square if you want these books with the beautiful full leather binding at $5.00 with 5 days examination privilege. (Orders outside of the U.S. are payable $3.50 cash with order.)

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KEEPING EVERLASTINGLY AT IT Way back in 1915 when PopuLAR SCIENCE MONTHLY assumed its present form, F. M. Gilham, of Kelseyville, California, started to use space in the Classified Section. We doubt if he has ever missed an issue since that time. Every now and then he ‘writes a few lines in appreciation of the results that PopuLAR SCIENCE MONTHLY is producing for him. Recently he wrote as follows: “Popular Science Monthly is perfectly satisfactory to me, It brings in many orders.” Here’s a tip for the prospective ad- vertiser who is looking for paying mediums. With such testimony as this to guide you, there is no need of costly experimentation. Just put your little business announcement in the next issue and watch results. If it pays—and it undoubtedly will—sign up for at least twelve issues and get your share of the splendid business now available. Keeping everlastingly at it pays 80% of the advertisers in this section. And it will pay YOU, too! Classified Advertising Manager POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 225 West 39th Street, New York City

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December, 1922 7 How In One Evening I Learned The Secret of Drawing |! By Walter Sayden | il ROM boyhood, I* have always wanted to draw things. I suppose there are hundreds of young fellows who feel the same way as I did. I often said that if it were possible, I should choose commercial art as a profession. It was not only the big salaries and _ inde- pendence _ enjoyed by artists and car- toonists that ap- pealed to me, it was the fascination of the game itself. But I could hard- ly draw a straight line. My friends used to have laugh- ing hysterics at my attempts to sketch things. One morning, as I was coming into town on the eight o'clock train, I met Larry Stafford. I had come into town with him every day for years, usually passing the time discussing the morning papers. But this particular morning he had a pad and pencil in his hand. He was drawing little pictures of things that looked like a series of small animals. “What on earth are you do- He was drawing little pictures some figures to \ illustrate the point Q I was trying to establish. He looked at the pic- tures and caught my idea at once. Before I left he gave me a larger order than I had ever before received from him. My pictures had put my idea over. This worked so well that I tried it again several times, in fact—and each time I got the same results. My pictures seemed to make a stronger appeal than my words and my sales increased tremendously. But that was not all. Two weeks later I overheard a conversation that Ny rs M> ee = vl | 4 - struck me as amusing. I wrote it down, illustrated it and, just for fun, sent it to one of the humorous week- lies. A few days later, to my great surprise and pleasure, I received a check from the art editor and a request for more contributions. From that time on I sent in little sketches and jokes more or less regularly. A few months ago I received an offer which startled me. The magazine for which I had been drawing wished to take me on the regular staff at a much The most fascinating Business in the World myself. The point is this—if I, who never was able to draw at all, could achieve this really remarkable success, others can do the same or better. See for yourself—send for the course and try it out. If you can draw at all you will probably get along even faster than I, and you will find modern commercial art the most fascinating and delight- ing?”’ I asked in amazement. Mr. Charles Lederer, Larry smiled. ‘Don’t be afraid, I am quite sane. These little pictures are part of a scheme of mine. I am illustrat- ing an idea. They are supposed to be a graphic representation of a deal I am putting over. They speak louder than words.” I watched him—amazed to see that he drew very well indeed. As he proceeded, and the draw- ings became more life-like, my curiosity was aroused—I asked him about it. “Why, Iam surprised that you ask me!” he answered. ‘‘Look how easy it allis,” and he quickly te#. the well-known news- paper cartoonist, after years of practical work- ing experience, has de- veloped one great, sim- ple rule for success in all branches of com- mercial art. amazing secret has rev- olutionized the entire theory of drawing. It means ‘that drawing can be as easy for you as writing. Out of his many years of work- a-day experience, Mr. Lederer offers this One Big Secret of Drawing greater salary than I wasthen This I accepted at once, and the first thing I did was to tell Larry Stafford what his idea had led to. When he heard that I was ac- tually a_ suc- cessful . artist sketched a few other figures and grinned at my amazement. “There is just one little secret of the whole thing, Walter,” he added. ‘I never drew before in my life, and you see—these little sketches are really not bad, are they? You have always wanted to draw, and even if you don’t become an artist, you will find it a mighty convenient thing to know. This secret makes drawing as easy as writing. Let’s get together this evening and I’ll show you how simple it is. . I’ll give you a little lesson.” The Greatest Surprise of My Life That night I was astonished to learn that there was but One Great Rule that covered every sort of drawing. I mastered this rule in just fifty minutes, and in two hours found that I. could draw. Think of it! It was almost like magic. I had never before been able to draw a recognizable object. At this time I was a salesman, so that the only time that I had to practice and apply this secret, this Rule, was in spare minutes when at the office or at home. But I pro- gressed with almost unbelievable rapidity. My First Real Drawing One day I was talking with a buyer. Re- membering Larry’s “‘idea-pictures,” I drew a a - . on a real mag- to $60 for theirs.” 400,000 making po have paid $5 or $7 for one of our Self- 4 mprovement Courses—and remember no one was asked to pay until he had five days to Until the Independent -Corporation pub- Shorthand,” ‘‘Mastery of Speech,” ‘Drawing, Art and Cartooning,” “‘Reading Character at My love of : drawing came examine the course in his own home. strongly to the lished the ‘‘Roth Memor front and, needlessto say, Sight,” ‘‘How to Write Stories,” Salesmanship,”” afid other personal develop- ment courses, where could Bhyoue buy similar courses for less than $15 to $75? Because we want to add two hundred thou- sand more names to our list of satisfied cus- tomers at an early date, we are making a ‘ SPECIAL PRICE $3 opportunity to learn Regular Price $5.00— (Others sell for $15.00 to $75.00) Act quickly, as this special opportunity may be open for only a short time. chasers have written letters similar to Robert P. Downs, of Detroit, Mich.,who recently wrote: “I can’t see how you ask so little. while others with far inferior courses get from $20 ful work imaginable. Remember, that op- portunities in this un- crowded field are un- limited. There is a constantly growing de- mand fer cartoonists and illustrators. If you like to draw or if you think that you would like to draw, don’t miss this wonderful Course,” ‘‘Paragon “Super- in an evening or two of your spare time. Many pur- Five Days’ Free Trial We want you to azine he ‘gasped with amazement. I told him how the same One Great Rule of drawing which had made it easy for him to draw had meant even more to me—and how this simple home-study course by a famous artist, Charles Lederer, which we had gone over that evening, had given me the secret which had meant so much. Larry laughed at my enthusiasm, but admitted that such a remarkable success as mine was enough to make a man a bit op- timistic. Easier Than Learning to Operate a Typewriter Through this amazing system, drawing can be taught as easily as anything else. In his simple, home-study course a world-famous cartoonist, Charles Lederer, teaches you to draw just as a business school teaches you to keep books or operate a typewriter or write shorthand. But it is a hundred times simpler than any of those accomplishments. And the best part of it all is that the course teaches you to draw so that you can sell your pictures right from the start. That is really the most important part, after all. Everyone wants to sell his work, and that is just what you can do, with Mr. Lederer’s great secret. ; Don’t misunderstand, I am not praising prove to your own sat- isfaction the tremendous value of Mr. Lederer’s discovery. It will not cost you one penny. We want you to examine the Entire Course at our expense for five days. If you will just fill out the coupon below, detach it and mail it to us, we will gladly send you the complete course for your ap- proval. We feel sure that when you see the sur- prising simplicity of this method you will agree with us that it is the greatest discovery ever made in this field. Look it over, test it out—then, if after five days you de ide that you want it, send us $3.00. If you do not wish to keep it, return it to us and forget the matter. But act AT ONCE. Learn-to draw—whether or not your aim is commercialart. It is a big asset, no matter which field you are in. Let us disclose to you the whole secret. Detach the coupon and mail TODAY. Independent Corporation, Dept. D-7712 15 West 37th St., New York FREE EXAMINATION COUPON _ Independent Corporation Dept. D-7712, 15 West 37th St. New York Gentlemen:—Please mail me the Drawing Art, Car- tooning Course for 5 days’ free trial. If I decidz to kee it I will remit $3, the Special Price. Otherwise I will return it to you. It is understood that this coupon puts me under no obligation whatsoever. Pop.Science 12-22.

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ASTROLOGY Quick-Action Advertisements continued from page 6 POULTRY AND LIVE STOCK Popular Science Monthly BOOKS AND PERIODICALS ASTROLOGY revealed—2000 word trial reading, 25c; two questions free. State birth date. Prof. Audrey, Desk P, Box 834, Washington, D. C. HOROSCOPES YOUR horoscope covering full year 50c. Includes an extensive reading, valuable daily guide, large pictorial chart, and special forecasts for each month. Scientific, complete. Try it! Money back if dissatisfied. Give birthdate. Ad- = L. Daniels, Flatbush Station, Box 32, Brooklyn, New ork. OFFICE DEVICES ADDRESSING machines, multigraphs, duplicators, folders, check writers, sealers, dictating machines, at about half new cost. Pruitt, 170-Z North Wells, Chicago. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask to-day for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you, It also tells ‘“‘How_ You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.’"’ You'd like to know, wouldn’t you? Manager Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New York. BREED squabs. Book free. C. Rice, Melrose High- , 77, Massachusetts. SAFETY RAZORS SHARPENED FREE — One cake Williams Shaving Soap with ONE Dozen Blades Resharpened. 35c Dozen. Send Ad. Stand- ard Safety Razor, Pittsburgh. DOGS, BIRDS, FISH DOG owners’ text book free; expert advice on proper care, -training and feeding. Free with 3 months’ trial subscription to America’s popular dog and hunting magazine. Send 25c today (coin or stamps). Sportsman's Digest, 523 Butler Bidg., Cincinnati, Ohio. GOLD Fish. Imported Japanese, Chinese fish. Artistic aquariums; supplies. Illustrated catalog. Pioneer Gold Fish Farm, Racine, Wisconsin. HIGH class coon hounds. A few still trailing coon and squirrel dogs, rabbit hounds. Stephens Kennels, Marshall, Arkansas. CHALK TALKS MISCELLANEOUS RAZOR Blade Pocket Knife—Money easy made by selling a handle for an old discarded safety blade. Sample mailed to agents on receipt 25c coin or stamp. A. Tubbs & Company, 66 Plummer, Hammond, Indiana. MAKE interesting new friends through jolly letters! Send stamp. Betty Lee, Incorporated, 4254 Broadway, New York City. RUBBER stamps. Your name and address, 20c. Rubber Stamp Shop, Muncie, Indiana. COHOL book, $2. Formulas free. Rye, rum flavor, $2 bottle. Copper kettles. C. Cara, Box 2571, Boston. STOLEN auto, make this device yourself at home in few minutes, attach to auto and prevent thief. Drawings and in- structions for making $1. Tangley Supply Company, Muscatine, Iowa. ADVERTISING ADVERTISING rates for magazines and weeklies free. Charles A. Lutz, Apartment 241, York, Pennsylvania. "ADVERTISE in 24 metropolitan dailies, 25 words, $15. Helpful Guide listing 1000 publications, 4c stamps. Wade, Baltimore Bldg., Chicago. INCH Display advertisement, 161 magazines, thrice, $15.00. Wood's Popular Services, Atlantic City. PASCHALL’S pictures—cuts—make advertising pay! Starner Building, Marion, Ohio. MIGHTY powerful producers are my pictorial sales letters. For any business and stock selling campsigns. Moore's Advertising Service, Canaan, New Hampshire. “ ADVERTISER—Your ad in 100 magazines for 4¢ per word. Sample copy, 10c. Harley Snell, 1021 State Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio. 2 WORK WANTED PUNCH Press work, tool and die making model, and special machine work wanted. Completely equipped with mew machinery of the latest type. Prompt delivery, reasonable prices guaranteed. Quality & Machine Co., Dept. B, 6154-56 N. Clark St., Chicago. SCENERY FOR HIRE SETTINGS for opera, plays, minstrels. Plush drops. Address Amelia Grain, Philadelphia. TYPEWRITERS AND SUPPLIES TYPEWRITERS—all makes, $15.00 up. Guaranteed five years; one month’s free trial. Special proposition to agents. Send for catalogue before purchasing. Typewriter Manufacturers’ Exchange, Fordham, New York. PRINTING, ENGRAVING, MULTIGRAPHING LETTERHEADS, petingy oe 500 $2.65. Samples free. Quality Printery, Marietta, Ohio. 100,000 1 x 2” labels, $33.00. 3,000, $2. Save 30%. Wolf Labels, Station E, Philadelphia. BETTER printing for less money! Send for our large package of samples of hundreds of items every user of rinting is interested in. These samples worth dollars will Be sent for 10 cents to pay postage. Ernest Fantus Com- pany, 525 South Dearborn Street, Chicago. EMBOSSED business, personal stationery. Samples, stamp. Daniels P. Company, Pittston, Pennsylvania. CARD users—100 business cards and handsome card ease for 60 cents. We allow you five lines of printing. Vincent Card Shop, 6 Circuit Street, Roxbury, Massachu- setts. GOLD lettered Advertising-Pencils for you. Buy direct; gave entire middleman’s profit. Samples free (no agents). Address S. Musial & Co., 425 Walnut Street, Yonkers, New York. 500 TWO-COLOR letterheads, $2.65. Samples free. “Adverpress,”” Station: C-5, Milwaukee. 500 LETTER heads or envelopes, $2.00. Royal Printing Company, Post Falls, Idaho. 18 STEEL engraved colored Christmas cards and envel- opes for $1 postpaid. 6 large and 12 small, all different, = value $2. Letterhead Press, 1451 Broadway, New ork. 500 Business Cards, bill heads or —— mercial! Service, 177 Mason, Worcester, Mass. CARDS printed to order, business or visiting, 50c per 100, $2.50 per 1000, postpaid. McMath Press, Brent, Kentucky. 250 Envelopes or Letter Heads $1.50, other printing, samples stamp. Roney’s Printery, Paris, Mo. * 250 bond letterheads, 250 envelopes, $2.50 prepaid. Everything low. Economic Printery, mia, New Jersey. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask to-day for a copy of tho “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.”’ It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells “How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.”” You'd like to know, wouldn’ ou? Manager Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New York: $1.00. Com- LAUGH producing program, $1.00. Circulars free. Cartoonist Balda, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask to-day for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.’”’ It contains some really important facts which will ve interesting and val- uable to you. It also tells “‘“How You Can Use Popular Sci- ence Monthly ge = OA You'd like to know, wouldn't — Manager Classifi Advertising, Popular Science onthly, 225 West 39th Street, New York. EDUCATIONAL AND INSTRUCTION SEXOLOGY—Complete catalog of international fam books sent to professionals and advanced adult students The Book League, Dept. O, 5 Columbus Circle, New York, BOOKS. _ All kinds. Lists. Higene’s, K2441 Street, San Francisco. seas VIBRATIONS —sounds— lights— colors— radio— cold lights—Auras illustrated. Stevens Research Laboratories, Stratford, San Francisco, California. THIS great cloth-bound book, $1.00: ‘‘Mathematics of the sky.”’ Write Prof. C. J. Burton, Eugene, Oregon. THINK isa book that teaches you to THINK. Poste id $1.00. Earn money selling THINK. John James 30x 140, Nashville, Tenn. Fi NEW code book for letter writing, telephone and radio- anape conversations, telegraphy and wireless. Book num- ers are on record—no one can get a book like yours. Sold in pairs or any number of the same book to one party, 50c each postpaid. Address Box 140, Pasadena, California. AUTHORS—MANUSCRIPTS WRITE for newspapers and magazines. Big pay, Experience unnecessary, details free. Press Reporting Syndicate, 400, St. Louis. WRITERS: Stories, poems, plays, etc., are wanted for publication. Literary Bureau, 117, Hannibal. Missouri. FREE to writers—a wonderful little book of money- making hints, suggestions, ideas; the A B C of successful story and play-writing. Absolutely free. Just address Author's Press, Dept. 15, Auburn, New York. $$$ FOR ideas. Photoplay plots accepted any form; revised, criticised, copyrighted, marketed. Advice free, Universal Scenario Corporation, 904 Western Mutual Life Bldg., Los Angeles. 5 MUSIC AND SHEET MUSIC USED correspondence school caurses only one quarter original price; bargain list 1000 courses free; used courses ponent. Students’ Exchange, 47A West 42nd Street, New BOOKKEEPING in a week. Dukes, 1857-59 Walton Avenue, New York. DOUBLE entry bookkeeping mastered in 60 hours; guaranteed; diploma. International Bookkeeping In- stitute, Springfield, Missouri, Desk 10. LINCOLN-JEFFERSON University. Home study in Academy College, Theological, Law, Music, Pharmacy. Business and Graduate schools, leading to degrees. Box G, 64 W. Randolph Street, Chicago. - USED correspondence courses rented; courses bought; J.J. Henderson, Ridge Avenue, Yonkers, New York. SELF-MASTERY—The secret lies in your keynote. Explanatory literature free. Robert Knox, Box 728, San Francisco, California. BE a laboratory expert. Earn $300 to $500 a month. Interesting extension and resident courses. Diplomas and degrees granted. Bacteriology, urinalysis, blood analysis, etc., quickly and thoroughly taught. 46-piece outfit free. Write today for free 34-page prospectus. Physicians & Surgeons College of Microbiology, Room 971, 550 Garfield Avenue, Chicago. STUDY bacteriology—become a laboratory expert, course interesting, can be mastered in few months at home or in school. Good paying positions open. Degree granted our graduates. School 13 years old. Send for announcement. American College of Bacteriology, 2923 S. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. HYPNOTISM easily learned. Lessons guaranteed. Postpaid $1.10. Smith Publishing Co., Springfield, Mass. FREE—Typewriting Course. Michael Garvey, 1552 Broadway Avenue, Grand Rapids, Michigan. CORRESPONDENCE courses. Bargain prices. Bul- letin 1064 free. Used courses bought. Instruction Corre- spondence Exchange, 1966 Broadway, New York. DEVELOP your psychic powers and become a spirit medium. Instructive lesson free. Address Occult, Box 1331, Tampa, Florida. LANGUAGES WORLD-ROMIC system. Masterkey to all languages Primers, 15 languages, $1.94 each language; Arabic, Chi- nese, Danish, Dutch, Fnglish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Panjabi, Polish, Portuguese, Ruyssian, Swedish. Pronunciation-tables, 92 languages, 30c each lan- goaee. a Publishing Company, 8 West 40th Street, ew York. PLAYS AND ENTERTAINMENTS YOU'LL have lots fun exchanging cheery letters in my club. Eva Moore, Box 908, Jacksonville, Florida. (Stamp.) MAGIC, stage money, books. Catalogs 10c. Gilmagico, Morgan Park, Chicago. PLAYS, musical comedies and revues, minstrel music, blackface skits, vaudeville acts, monologs, dialogs, recita- tions, entertainments, musical readings, stage handbooks, make-up goods. Big’ catalog free. T.S. Denison & Co., 623 So. Wabash, Dept. 26, Chicago. FOR MEN AND WOMEN BE a detective. Excellent opportunity, good pay, travel. Bevo C. T. Ludwig, 424 Westover Bldg., Kansas uri. “SEXUAL philosophy,’’ 12c. Clear, specific, authori- tative, complete, best, satisfies. Fred B. Kaessmann, Lawrence, Massachusetts. SPORTING GOODS LUGER pistols, barrels 4’”’ to 16’’. Mauser pistols, long barrels: holster-stocks for both. Super accurate Mauser, Springfield and Mannlicher rifles. Catalogue, ten cents in stamps. Pacific Arms Corporation, San Francisco. PHOTOGRAPHY AND SUPPLIES HAVE you a camera? Write for free sample of our big magazine, showing how to make better pictures and earn money. American Photography, 156 Camera House, Boston, 17, Massachusetts. MAKE money with your camera. Booklet free. Lan- caster, 115 E. North Main, Los Angeles, Calif. LATEST photographic novelty prints, beautifully black bordered. nd choicest negatives 4x5 largest, 10c coin. Lavalee Studio, Box 476, Worcester, Massachusetts. pthc st teens win ccd hn deta Mii ncn ante) MR. ADVERTISER: Ask to-day for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and val- uable to you. It also tells ‘How You Can Use Popular Sci- ence Monthly Profitably.’’ You'd like to know, wouldn’t ou? M r Classified Advertising. Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New York. Quick-Action Advertisements continued on page 10 SONGWRITERS! Learn of the public’s demand for songs suitable for dancing and the opportunities greatly changed conditions offer new writers, obtainable only in our “‘Songwriter’s Manual & Guide,” sent free. Submit your ideas for songs at once for free criticism and advice. We revise poems, compose music, secure copyright and facilitate free publication or outright sale of songs. Knickerbocker Studios, 315 Gaiety Building, New York. CORNETISTS, trombonists, saxophonists, clarinetists, send for ‘‘Free Pointers."" Mention instrument. Virtuoso School, Buffalo, New York. « HAVE you poems or melodies? Have wonderful propo- sition. Ray Hibbeler, D1, 4040 Dickens Avenue, Chicago, SONG Poems wanted at once. Frank Radner, 6048 Prairie Avenue, Dept. 629, Chicago. . SONGWRITERS—Send us your name and address for particulars regarding our extensive service to songwriters and composers. Songwriters Service Company, 4145 Indiana Ave., Chicago, Illinois. RITE the words for a song. We compose music. Ww Submit your poems to us at once. New York Melod Corp., 419 Fitzgerald Bldg., New York. ad MOTION PICTURE BUSINESS SEND stamp for catalog illustrating wonderful 1923 Kinograph Grand Home Movie Projector. Bargains in films. Werner Brothers, High Bridge, Missouri. WRITE photoplays; $50 each. Experience unnecess details free to beginners. Producers’ League, 194, St. lou REAL ESTATE LAND opportunity! 20, 40, 80 acre tracts near thriving city in lower Michigan. $10 to $50 down; balance long time. Write for free illustrated booklet giving full informa- tion. Swigart Land Co., 0-1251 First National Bank Building, Chicago. WANT to hear from owner having farm for sale; give particulars and lowest price. John J. Black, 174th Street, Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. PROPERTY OWNERS—Get cash for your real estate, business, invention or other property. To quickly sell, exchange or buy property any kind anywhere write Western Security Co., 103, Hannibal, Mo. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask to-day for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. tells ‘‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.”” You'd like to know, wouldn't you? Manager Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New York. FOR INVENTORS THE G. & G. Manufacturing Compeny. 3116 Spring Grove Avenue, Dept. A, Cincinnati, Ohio. Special ma- chinery, modeis, dies, patterns, tools, metal stampings, gears, contract manufacturing. ~ 900 mechanical movements, also illustrations explaining 50 perpetual motions. My book, “Inventor's Universal Educator,” fifth edition, tells how to cure and sell atents. Government and other costs. ‘overs the matter ‘om A to Z. 160 pages elegantly bound. Mechanical Movements greatly assist inventors—suggest new ideas that may prove of great aid in perfecting inventions. Teils how to select an attorney. Has valuable information re- garding patent sharks, selling agents and brokers. Price $2. Postage free everywhere. Money back if not satisfactory. Explanatory circular free. Fred G. Dieterich, 681 Ouray Building, Washington, D. C. . PATENTS—Write for free Guide Book and Evidence of Conception Blank. Send model or sketch of invention for free opinion of its patentable nature. Highest references. Reasonable terms. Victor J. Evans & Company, 156 Ninth, Washington, D. C. PATENTS—Send for free book. Cortains valuable in- formation for inventors. Send sketch of your invention for opinion of its patentable nature. Prompt service. (Twenty years’ experience.) Talbert & Tolbert, 436 Tal- bert Bldg., Washington, D. C. I SELL patents. Established in 1900. Charles A. Scott, 773PS, Garson Avenue, Rochester, New York. GET patents yourself. Complete instructions, $1. Cooper Cutting, Campbell, California. PATENTS—My fees in installments. Advice book free. Frank Fuller, Washington. D. C. WILL buy outright or manufacture on royalty articles to be made of glass. E. A. Babcock Co., P. O. Box 935, Charleston, West Virginia. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask today for a copy of the *“Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘“‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.” You'd like to know. wouldn’t you? Manager Classified Advertising Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New York. Decem th Quick-Action Advertisements continued from page 8 Popular Sc.enee Menihly — Decen

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y= € BFE Ses adsl oS Fl ofl Seek BSS] mewn § EE Dooomber. J i22 December, 1922 HE whole world of electricity is open to the Coyne trained man. He is trained completely. He can make big money as Power Plant Operator, Superintendent, Telephone man, Construction worker, auto, truck or tractor electrician, battery man, radio expert, or he can go into business for himself as electrical contractor, dealer, auto ignition or battery expert and make from $3,000 to $20,000 a year. Hundreds of our graduates today are making big money and you can do the same if you grasp this opportunity—act now. Send for full particulars today. Forced Into Larger Quarters The Great Shops of Coyne with $100,000.00 worth of electrical ap- paratus has moved into larger and more spacious quarters. The in- creased popularity of the school and a tremendous influx of new students simply forced us to move. Why did thishappen? It Bapeenss because Coyne has been the most successful institution of its kind in the world. Coyne men were well trained—they learned electricity thoroughly—they went out into the business world and were success- ful—these men told their friends., With this solid foundation built overa pes of years, during which time over 10,000 men were suc- cessfully trained and graduated, Bennett Wellington Cooke has real- ized his greatest ambi- tion—a larger and greater Coyne where all might be accommo- 4 Here in these large, light ai will can buy. MIU Learn in 3%. Months Earn $150 to $400 Per Month * No books or useless theory. You are trained on $100,000 worth of electrical equipment. Everything from door bells to power plants. You work on mo- tors, generators, house-wiring, autos, batteries, radio, switchboards, power plaaie—everyaas to make you.an expert ready to step right into a position paying from to $100 a week. Learn electricity in the elec. trical center of the world. Send coupon today for free pee Bg Radio Course FREE! We include the following free with the regular course: (1) A complete course in auto, truck and tractor electricity and storage batteries. Greatest outlay of auto electrical and battery equipment in the country. (2) Course in Radio—the marvel of the age. Constructing, installing and operating. You can build your own wireless telephone set. (3) A life scholarship in the Coyne School. You can stay as long as you wish and return for further training at any timein the future. The aimof the Coyne School is to turn out men completely trained in all branches of electricity—capable of succeeding in the highest paid positions. EARN WHILE YOU LEARN. We heip students to secure jobs to earn a good part of their expenses while st udying. = %” 8B. W. COOKE, Presidert ry Coyne Trade and & Engineering School J 1300-1310 W. Harrison St. @ Dept. 1369 Chicago, il. @ Dear Sir: Please send me free your big catalog and full par- ms . 2 Don’t delay a minute—send that 7 ticulars of your special offer of coupon in right now for our big gf “**°**T** free catalog and full particulars ¥¢ of this wonderful offer. Act now! #7 ae GNOME o.oo eee cee Sew tee ee renee B. W. COOKE, President ¢ Coyne Trade and ’ 4 2 * 1300-1310 W. Harrison Street ? Dept. 1369 Chicago, Hil. ¢ g

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Quick-Action Advertisements continued from page 8

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Quick-Action Advertisements continued on page 12

Popular Sc.ence Monthly. PATENTS WANTED

DEVELOP your own Patent; write National Informa- tion Bureau, Des Moines, Iowa.

PATENT ATTORNEYS

PATENTS, trade marks, copyrights. Prompt, — service. Over 30 years’ active practice. ook free. Address dat G. Si Building, Washington, D. C wren e ggers, Box 1,

PATENTS—Send for free book. Contains valuable information for inventors. Send sketch of your invention for free opinion of its patentable nature. Prompt service (Twenty years’ experience.) Talbert & Talbert, 452 Talbert Bldg., Washington, D.C. ‘PATENTS. Booklet free. Highest references. results. Promptness assured Watson E. Coleman, Patent Lawyer, 624 F Mstreet, Washington, D. C.

PATENTS—Write for free illustrated Guide Book and Evidence of Conception Blank. Send model or sketch of invention for free opinion of its patentable nature. Highest’ references. Prompt attention. Reasonable —. Bie. J. Evans & Company, 155 Ninth, Washington, LACEY Patent-Sense. Free. See page 131.

“The book the inventor keeps,”

ROBB, ROBB & HILL offer a strictly professional service to manufacturers and inventors in b igen inven- tions and registering trade-marks, a service result of twenty years’ experience. Write for free booklet and names of bee vy manufacturers and inventors represented by Send sketch for preliminary advice. 840 MeLachlen Building, Washington, ‘D. C., 1336 Hanna Building, Cleveland. PATENTS prompey procured. Personal, careful and efficient service hest references. Moderate fees. gone sketch or model for actual search and advice. George Kimmel, Master of a Law, 38N, Loan and Trust Bide. Washington, D. “INVENTOR’S Guide”’ free on request; gives valuable po ged and advice. Frank Ledermann, 15 Park Row, ew York

PATENT, trade-mark and copyright specialist. Write at once for free Duplex Conception Form. Personal service. . E. Jones, lawyer, 509b 7th Street, Washington, D. C. BEFORE or after filing an application for, invention it will pay you to read over my ‘“‘Inventor’s Ad- viser No. 1,’ which may be obtained free of charge. M. Labiner, Registered Patent Attorney, No. 3 Park Row, New York Cit U. S. and Sora ab mag procured, validity reports, in- fringement suits, experting, over forty years actual experi- ence. If you have a new invention which you wen patent, you can write to us fully and freely for advice in regard to the best way of obtaining protection, how to pro- , etc. Fred G. Dieterich & Co., Patents and Patent Causes, 690 Ouray Building, Opposite U.S. Patent Office, Washington, Dp. ©. INVENTORS aided. Ideas developed and patented. Practice in all courts and — a C. E. Richardson, 25 Albee Bldg., Washington, D. C INVENTORS: Send sketch or model of invention for opinion concerning patentable nature and exact cost of patent. Book, ‘‘How to Obtain a Patent,” sent free. Tells what every inventor should know. Established twenty- eight years. Highest references, prompt service, reasonable nr Chandlee & Chandlee, 440 Seventh, Washington,

atent on your

INVENTORS—Expert professional service at lowest cost. Write for explanatory literature. Amon-Baxter, 2240 Ryer Avenue, New York. MONROE MILLER, Ouray Building, Washington, D.C. Patent Attorney, mechanical and electrical expert. Best quality of work and results. Moderate charges. INVENTORS—Send for form “Evidence of Concep- tion” to be signed and witnessed. Form, fee schedule, information free Lancaster and Allwine, 232 Ouray Building. W. eshington, D.C. PATENTS procured—trade marks registered—A com- prehensive, experienced, prompt service for the protection and development of your ideas. Preliminary advice gladly furnished without charge. Booklet of information and form for disclosing idea free on request. Richard B. Owen, 44 Owen Building, Washington, D. C., or 2276-Z Woolworth Building, New York. PATENTS—Trademarks. Thirty-five years’ experience. Send model or sketch for opinion as to patentability. Free “Inventors Guide.” Highest references and personal atten- tion assure best results. Franklin H. Hough, 530 Washing- ton Loan & Trust Bldg., Washington, D. C. HERBERT JENNER, patent attorney and mechanical expert, 624 F Street, Washington, D.C. I report if patent obtainable and exact cost. Send for circular. AMASA HARTWELL BALCOM, Patent Attorney and Engineering Counselor, 808 Munsey Bldg., Washington, D. C. Professional, individual service for inventors in patent and trade mark matters. Full information on request. EXACT expenses quoted in advance. Moderate charges. No extras. Applications satisfactorily prepared or money returned. Submit data. Lynwood B. James, _ McGill Building, Washington, D. C. Established 1913 INVENTIONS patented. Trade-marks registered. Reasonable charges, prompt service, plain advice. Request detailed information. Jaynes & Jaynes, 710 Kellogg, Washington, D. C. MILLIONS spent annually for ideas! Hundreds now wanted! Patent yours and profit! Write today for free ee how to protect yourself, how to invent, ideas ted, how we help you sell, etq. American Industries, Tne, 501 Patent Dept., Washington, D. C.

DISTRIBUTORS WANTED

DISTRIBUTORS for the D. C. S. auto products. Box 63, Crawfordsville, Indiana. DISTRICT MANAGERS WANTED WORLD'S fastest selling auto accessory! County dis- tributors wanted; write today. G. L. W. Co., San Diego, California. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask to-day for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘“‘How You Can Use aL nga Science —~ ag Profitably.’’ You'd like to know, wouldn’t you? Manager Classified Advertising, Popular “Selence Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New York. Spring Oiler

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il forma- December, Ld.2 | | i | ll $1600 to 2300 a Year— Life Jobs 1 Men—Boys, Over 1 7 BECOME Railway Mail Clerks, | Postoffice Clerks, | City Mail Carriers, | Customs and Internal : Clerk at Panama Canal Revenue Clerks. Relleew Mail Clerks Have Pleasant ,, , Work—Travelling Continually , Government positions all have yearly vacations with full pay. o aaemuae Promotion to Big Paid positions very rapid. The position e Dept. K 281 is not affected by strikes, poor business conditions or the ° Rochester, N. Y. Kindly send me, without any whims of some petty boss. It is steady with full pay eo cunt whee an Iie part, and entirely free of charge all of the time. ° (1) A full description of the position checked below; (2) Sample examina- tion questions; (3) Free Copy of copy- ry e ee * ¥' — ‘4 hted book, ““G t Positi d Common education is sufficient—Pull is not yy, sshtedbook, “Government Positionand ernment Jobs now easily obtainable; (5) . Vv required. rs Schedules showing dates and places of the coming examinations in my locality. Every man or boy, over 17, should send Roe +g: Railway Mail Clerle coupon—at once—today sure. eos _Pottoffice Clerk” >! SES. § wastaal Rural Mail Carrier . ee gigas Customs Positions ? Every day you de- 4 epee. Clerk at Panama Canal Don t Delay lay lessens your 4 chance of immediate appointment. ? DS oc ccs ve oeeon eee Cer etavee en eeebs eee stamens a anwar re — & yp ee Le ee een eee ee ee re errr e ee = Use This Coupon Before You Mislay It—WRITE PLAINLY—K281 tere tee

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ann iH i ‘iy Hi iy

to the big positions. understand. Every

Your Guide to Home Study -=—_-__--- | | | roa J. DRAKE & CO 3 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Il. am... EMEN —Please send me free, postage paid, your illustrated catalogue which lists and describes over 100 Practical Mechanical Books for Home Study. eS ER 5 ee eee err eres and my address

Pies cee cee ce es ee ee ee ee ee AUTOMOBILE — ~~ amd Welding and Electric Motors, D. & A..... $1.50 A bile I ion, b Ee Leatherette $1.75 Electrical Measurements and —— ad oe. hen rette $2.00 Slide Rule and Logarithmic Meter Testing........... 1.50 Ph. (SEPTRES, —— ~ ae flaca ESS. Leatherette 2.00 Drake's Telephone Handbook. 1.50 — by ae Handbook for ——— one Easy Electrical Experiments. mt B : -3° * oni pgathesette 2.00 Modern Blacksmithing..Cloth 1.25 Wireless, Telegraph and Tele- roo “ ll a Shield Wiper’’—retails $1; Cost you 25c ay tT fit). Invention just out. Sold on and rainy days. repv. very automobilist buys quick! No cloth. No paste. No mechanical attachment. Tub k windshields clear 48 hours against rain, came Prevents accidents. Riley made $108 three days. makes $10 hour. Experience unnecessary. Worst cket sideline. Write quickly for your free sample, ulife Corporation, Hartford, Connecticut. r stone

GET our plan for monozramming automobiles, try hand luggage and all similar articles by transfer method: experience unnecessiry; exceptional profits. Motorist’ Accessories Company, Mansfield, Ohio. MAN in each town to refinis» ye ye brass automobiles, by new method. §$ daily without A or experience. Write Gunmetal Commies. Avenue “F." Decatur, Illinois. AGENTS make 500% profit handling auto Monograms, ak ictures, window letters, transfer flags, novelty signs, talog free. Hinton Co., Dept. 125, Star City, Indiana, poe a dollar an hour. Sell Mendets, =, = $3 a senee eee in all utensils e free ‘ollette ompany, Amsterdam, New York. for $2.00. Costs 84c. Your profit 140%. Demonstrating case free. All homes can use luminous switch plates, = and house numbers. Quick easy sales that bring big m The Pioneer Corporation. 6307 Yale Avenue, Chicago. AGENTS wanted. lendid profits introducing the wonderful ~~ f . Sun Automatic Spark Reecleane —eliminates a’ imer trouble. Gives proper spark auto- matically for every speed of the motor. More power and greater mileage at less cost on either rough or ‘mmcote roads or when climbing hills. Prevents carbon. Does away with use of spark lever. Back-kick impossible. all other Timers. Fully guaranteed. Sold on 30 da a ae SUN PRODUCTS COo., Dept. J, Cin SALESMEN can make $5.00 a day selling our calendars, pencils, signs, advertising novelties, peg whist! etc. Liberal terms. Sells entire year. Fine sideline. I and traveling agencies. Model Calendar Co., Dept. 309, South Bend, Indiana. PATENTS. Write for free Tlustrated Guide Book. Send sketch or mov‘lel for free opinion of its patentable nature. Highest references. Prompt attention. Reason. oh terms. Victor J. I:vnns & Co., 174 Ninth, Washington,

AGENTS: Big profits. Pest and cheapest window letters made. Easily applied. Dime brings five samples, ng + free. Staibrite Company, 1115 Second Avenue,

Ne AGENTS—Try our needle cushions. Big profits. - Good sellers. Sample 15c. Peters Mail Order tiousc. 12 Har. rison Avenue, Gardiner, Maine. MEN only. Sell new novelty. Sample 25 cents. How. ard Eddy, Meriden, Connecticut. YOU are worth more money—Let B & G Rubber Special- ties get it for you. Forty-five fast sellers needed in every home. Profits extra large. Get right write now. B&G Rubber Mfg. Co., Dept. 500, 618 ‘Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. EVERYBODY uses extracts. Extracts. Complete line household necessities. peaters. Writetoday. DuoCo., Dept. E66, Attica, N. Y MEN'S shirts. Easy to sell. Make $15.00 daily. Undersell stores. Complete Mine. Exclusive patterns. Free samples. Chicago Shirt Co., 9 So..Clinton, Factory 220, Chicago. $60 weekly refinishing, staining, gilding of furniture, automobiles, picture frames; making varnishes, stains, polishes. Hilton Jampel Chemical Co., 210 East 22d Street, New York. $5 to $15 daily easy—introducing New Style Guaranteed Hosiery. Must wear or replaced free. No capital or experi- ence required. Just show samples, write orders. Your pay in advance. We deliver and collect. Elegant outfit nished, all colors and grades including silks—wool and — Mac-O-Chee Mills Co., Desk 2612, Cincinnati,

Sell Duo Double —

Big demand everywhere.

ALADDIN’S Magical Polishing Cloth. New. Every home buys. Sales guaranteed. Repeats. Big p ont, aa sample. Aladdin Mfg. Co., 9 S. Clinton, Dept. 220, cago. AGENTS: hued 4 $6 a day taking orders for New Kerogas Burner. Fits any stove, burns col oil. No ex- rience or capital required. W ork spare time or-full time, Write for demonstrating sample. Thomas Mfg. Co., Class 2661, Dayton, Ohio. AGGRESSIVE district managers and salesmen are lining up with this most> = sales plan. It makes you your own manager and provides you with yearly earnings up to $25, 000. Fascinating work where you set your own limit. It’s film advertising service, screening in local theaters. Drop a postal for an interesting story too long to tell here. Territory rapidly filling. Alexander Co., 1141 Main Avenue, Spokane, Washington. LIGHTNING—Strange battery compound startles the world. Better than sulphuric acid. Charges dischar s batteries instantly. Gallon free to agents. Lightning St. Paul, Minnesota. SALESMEN, be your own boss. Largest commissions paid selling Sanitary Twisted in Wire Brushes. Write for _ proposition. Sanitary Wire Grip Brush Co., 29 Mercer .. New York City. aoa start you without a dollar. Soaps, extracts, per fumes, toilet goods. Experience unnecessary. Carnation Co., Dept. 21, St. Louis. se AGENTS—Steady income. J.arge manufacturer of handkerchiefs and dress goods; etc., wishes representative in each locality. Factory to consumer. Big profits, honest goods. Whole or spare time. Credit given. Send for articulars. Freeport Mfg. Co, 24 Main Street, Brooklyn, ew York. AGENTS—Sign \irket Directory free. Showing where

to buy over 1000 ci‘ferent items in a ate line. Address Attracto Sign Works. C, Cicero P. O., Chicago. NO Dull Times Selling See must ent. Federal distributors make big money; $3,000 yearly and up; capital or experience needed; guaranteed sales: un goods may be returned. Your name on packages builds your own business. Free samples to customers—re orders sure. Exclusive territory. Ask Now! F Pure Food Co., Dent. 58, Chicago. OIL burners—Climax for residence furnaces and stoves, Described in interesting booklet ‘‘The Burning Quesiron” sent free. E. L. Miller Mfg. Co., 2230 W. 3rd Street, Kate sas City, Missouri. 57 MILES per gallon made with new patented gascline vaporizer. Write for particulars, Vaporizer Company, Puk- wana, South Dakota.

Decembe

| a ee et om any

So !6[lCUlU—=EMA ES a

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December, 1922

> Free Proof _ That Cooke Trained Men be = ne eat he ty O Ea ri See tn ety $ 6 4 500 to 710,000 AYear Electrical Experts—Trained Men are in big demand at the highest salaries ever known. The opportunities for advancement and a big success are unlimited—positively ok unlimited. The Electrical Industry faces a big shortage on! - of trained men. It needs you and will pay you well.

Let mesend you Free, this big package of “Vital Facts’’ showing what ‘‘Cooke

lend whet Dt. 309,

| | Wats Ye Be an Ele ctrical Expert icesee| amd Get This Big Pay Yourself tsburgh, a week. You ought to earn more. You can do , a : : ‘ : ? me it, too, when you are Today even the ordinary electrician, the screw driver kind, is making money—big a N.Y. backed up with my money. But it’s the trained man—the man who knows the whys and wherefores of thy training—the training Electricity—The Electrical Expert who is picked out to boss the ordinary electricians +O that makes “Big Pay —to boss the big jobs—the jobs that pay $70.00 to $200.00 a week. Fit yourself for arniture Men.” Don't be con- one of these big jobs—Begin Now. , staing, tent with an ordinary — job paying anywhere Age or Lack of Experi- FREE—Electrical Working Outfit—FREE uranteed from $3.00 to $10.00 a

‘on ae day, with no future to ence No Drawback I give each student a Splendid Outfit of Electrical oa and — . . er Film sed including Electrical Book and Proof Lessons FREE. = ae FREE Your Satisfaction Guarant These cost you nothing and you'll enjoy them. scharged My new $45.00 Radio So sure am I that you canlearnelec- Make the start today for a bright future in Elec- ing Co., Course, just completed tricity—so sure am I that after studying ee Mail th —NOW — . FREE when vou rag with me, you, too, can get into the “big tricity. ail the coupon ° ——_ given you! money”’ class in Electrical work, that I ) Mercer roll for the Electrical will guarantee under bond to return every L. L. COOKE, Chief Engineer Course. Two courses for single penny paid me in tuition if, when cts, Det the price of one. Two pro- you have finished my course you are not CHICAGO ENGINEERING WORKS ornate fessions open to you. satisfied - was the best investment you Dept. 39 Ligebiis din. Cian te turer of ever made. * , 2150 iT) 9 ® sentative 5, honest cont I Give You A Real Training pete ye ec ce age

——— ° ° ° . . Dept. 39, 2150 Lawrence Ave., Chicago, Ill. ng where ’ ’ ’ Address As Chief Engineer of the Chicago Engineering DEAR Sir—Send at once the “Vital Facts’’ containing Sample Lessons, your Works I know exactly the kind of training a man Big Book, and full particulars of your FREE Outfit and Home Study Course— Federal ons . ° all fully prepaid, without obligation on my part. Up; ne needs to get the best positions at the highest salaries. 8 builds Hundreds of my students are now earning $3,500 to «.g._ Name..... csc ccccccnecccrececccecceerecennccecgeeeecseseeesenseeses Federal SIG.G00 a. yede. “Wim are wer Miarcemiel TG 5 ete ioc vee necccen oe cwngonncn veces en venaemnons | stoves, Bi ss pas ihinn-theee ac ee en EE. ee re ean enenmrt:: et, Kalk The Cooke trained man is the Big Pay man

Page 140

paren ae SME RAR Gh OE NI ren ¥ i 4 14 S it the piano you wish to play, the mandolin, the violin? Do you want to learn how to sing from notes? Are you eager to play “jazz” on the clarinet, the banjo, the saxophone? Music is largely a matter of knowing notes. When you know 300,000 Have Already Learned Music This New, Quick Way The new, simplified way of learning music at home is not a fad or theory. You learn to play the right way by notes. Thousands of men, the letters of the alphabet, you are able to put them together into words. When Learn to Play By Note women and children are to- day playing musical in- Piano Mandolin struments, learned at home you know the notes of mu- Organ — and without a teacher through sic, you are able to put Vietin a the remarkable method of ; Banjo Harmony and % them together into melo- Clarinet Composition the U. S. School of Music. dies. A new, simple meth- Flute aoe pneing Why be satisfied to sit od of teaching music has Harp Ukulele quietly and listen to others, ‘ Cornet Piccolo : 4 been devised and perfected, Cello Trombone when you can quickly learn so that now any one can Guitar Saxophone to play the piano, the violin, quickly learn how to play a musical instrument right at : Automatic home without a teacher. Hawaiian Steel Guitar Voice and x i ech Culture nger Control the mandolin or any other instrument you prefer? Why not be popular your- It’s simple, fascinating. All the intricacies of music, the difficult, confusing parts, have been eliminated. The playing of melodies has been reduced to a simple, easy-to-understand method which any one can follow with ease. It is a “print-and-picture’’ method, each step made clear, simple. You don’t have to know anything whatever ahout music, and you don’t need to have a great deal of time to spare. From the day you begin, you progress quickly, steadily, surely, and be- fore you realize it you will be playing the jnstrument you always longed to play! U. S. SCHOOL OF MUSIC 812 Brunswick Bldg., New York City Please send your free book ‘‘Music Lessons in Your Own Home,” and particulars of your Special Offer. I am interested in_the following course: Bites (Name of Instrument or course.) EM Sic he UN. ap Lia re teas asheil tiem ls sos & (Please Write Plainly.) Address ee self, a social favorite? You will be welcomed everywhere. Music will open the door to many wonderful new op- portunities. A great many of our students are to-day earning extra money through their musical ability. It costs you nothing whatever to find out all about the new, simplified method of learning to play. We will be glad to send you, without cost or obligation, our free book, which explains the new method and tells about the special short time offer being made to music lovers. If you are interested in music, if you want to learn how to play the mandolin, the violin, the piano, or any musical in- strument whatever, send at once for our free book. Mail Coupon for Free Book It takes but a minute—yet it may mean a great opportunity for you. Just clip the coupon and mail it—that is all. No money, no obligation. Wewill . send you at once the free book “Music Lessons in Your Own Home,” which tells aH about the new, =. “print-and-picture’’ method of learning to play. Perhaps you do not have the instrument you want to play. Let us know and we will supply it— either for cash or on credit. But be sure you send for the free book now. U. S. SCHOOL OF MUSIC, 812 Brunswick Bldg., New York City. Please write your name and address very plainly, so that there will be no difficulty about the booklet reaching you. WE TEACH COMMERCIAL RT Meyer Both Company, the largest commercial art organization in the field, offers you a different and practical training. If you like to draw, develop your talent. “Study this practical course—taught by this widely known institution, with twenty-two years success—which each year produces and sells to advertisers in the United States and Canada over ten thousand commercial drawings. Who else could give you so wide an experience? Commercial art is a business necessity—a highly paid, intensely interesting profession,equally open to men and women, Homestudy instruction. Get facts before you enroll in any school. Write for our illustrated book,“ YOUR OPPORTUNITY”’—for one-half the cost of mailing—four cents in stamps. MEYER BOTH COLLEGE OF COMMERCIAL ART Michigan Ave. at 20th St., Dept. 35 CHICAGO, ILL. NOTE—To Art and Engraving Firms: Secure practical artists among our graduates. Write us, ‘Rad to Needs Trained ‘Men Radio is sweeping the country like wild fire. Thousands of dollars are being spent for 2p Sy ee eve: ere 1s u). in Oo sell and install new outfits. Be a Radio Expert I will train you in your spare anickly and easil a time, to become a RADIO EXP s0 you can in- tall, truct, repair and sell Radio equipment. I om a Grad Electrical er end from actual experience I will give you exactly what you must know to make the really big money in radio. Consultation Service to you is F E. This outside help which I gladly give you is, initself, worth more than the small cost of the Complete Course. START NOW Don’t let others beat you to the big money. Start mow and'within a few weeks’ time I will train you at home, at an amazingly low cost, tobecomea RADIO.EXPERT. Write'for “Radio Facts” sent free without obligation. A.G. MOHAUPT, Electrical Engineer A\>2)g a3 American Electrical Association TODAY 4513 Ravenswood Ave., Chicago, Ml. Quiek- Action Advertisements continued on~page 16 Quick-Action Advertisements continued from page 12 Popular Science Monthly. Decemb AGENTS AND SALESMEN me AGENTS—S$15 a day—Easy, quick sales—Free auto_ Big weekly bonus—$1.50 pes free to every customer Simply show our beautiful 7-piece, solid aluminum handle cutlery set. Appeals instantly. We deliver and Pay daily. New Era Mfg. Co., 803 Madison Street, Dept 41C, Chicago. t WE. want men and women who are desirous of Making $25 to $200 per week clear profit from the start in q per. manent business of their own. Mitchell's Magic Marve Washing Compound washes clothes spotlessly clean in ten to fifteen minutes. One hundred other uses in every home. Nothing else like it. Nature's mightiest cleanser Contains no lye, lime, acid or wax. Free samples make sales easy. Enormous repeat orders—300% profit. Exely. sive territory. We guarantee sale of every package. Two other “‘sight sellers’’ and sure repeaters give our agents the fastest selling line in the country. No capital or experience required. Baker, Ohio, made $600 last month. You can do as well. Send for free sample and proof. L. Mitchel & Co., Desk 77, 1302-1314.F. 61st St., Chicago, Illinois, RISK a postal and learn how to start profitable busineg without capital or experience. $60 weekly easy. Silv mirrors, refinishing tableware, reflectors, plating. Com. —_ outfit furnished. International Laboratories, Dept. 27. Fifth Avenue, New York City. - AGENTS—Make $60 to $100 weekly selling Cofielg Tire Protectors. Prevents punctures and blowouts doubles mileage. Easily applied; no cement or tools re. quired. Absolute 3-year guarantee. Big commissions, Lansing made $562, Ackerman $519 last month. No capital requifed. Coffield Tire Protector Co., 264 Court St., Dayton, Ohio. AGENTS: Big Christmas poney. Get in on the great. est ey ny Order Proposition. In three months time orders for Universal Products will come in by themselves, Let us prove it. Exclusive territory. All repeat orders turned over to you. Write today. Universal-Victor vac Desk A, 1460 East Jefferson Ave., Detroit, chigan. AGENTS—Clever Invention! Inkspoon makes every pen a fountain pen. Fast office seller; big profit, demand increas. ing everywhere. Exclusive territory offered. Sample free, H. Marui Company, Tribune Building, New York. BRAND new item. Handy vest pocket reckoner. Sells on sight. Dime brings sample. Handy Novelty Works, 33 Willett Street, New York. A BUSINESS of your own—Make sparkling glass name lates, numbers, checkerboards, medallions, signs; big llustrated book. Free. E. Palmer, 512 Wooster, Ohio. SHIRT manufacturer wants agents; sell advertised brand men’s shirts direct to wearer. No capital or experi- ence required. Free samples. Madison Mills, 505 Broad- way, New York. WHY work for others? Make and sell your own goods We show you how. Enormous profits. Write quick for free book explaining everything. Thos. Steel, President, 213 North Monroe, Richmond, Virginia. MAKE $25 to $50 week representing Clows’ Famous Philadelphia Hosiery, direct from mill—for men, women, children. Every pair guaranteed. Prices that win. Free book ‘‘How to Start” tells the story. George Clows Com- pany, Desk 24, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. AGENTS, $60 to $200 a week, free samples. Gold sign letters for store and office windows. Anyone can do it. B demand. Liberal offer to general agents. Metallic Letter Co., 431 A, N. Clark Street, Chicago. CLEAN up $100.00 weekly from now till Christmes with “Nifty Nine.” Weekly average 100 sales-dollar profit each. 30-40 sales daily frequently made. Demonstrating outfit cinches order. 30 other coin coaxers. All Ideal for Christ- mas gifts—several at each house. Big rush now starting. Get free sample outfit offer. Postal brings our unique plans. Davis Products Co., Dept. 59, Chicago. $10 WORTH of finest toilet soaps, perfumes, toilet waters, spices, etc., absolutely free to agents on our refund plan. Lacassian Co., Dept. 615, St. Louis, Missouri. ONLY one sale a day means $200 per month! Five sales $1,000 per month! Marvelous new adding machine. Re- tails $15.00.. Work equals $350 machine. dds, sub- tracts, multiplies, divides automatically. Speedy, accurate, durable, handsome. Five year guarantee. Offices, stores, factories, garages buy one to dozen. A fortune for live agents. Write quick for protected territory and free trial ie Lightning Calculator Co., Dept. P, Grand Rapids, chigan. EARN $2.00 an hour in your spare time taking sub- scriptions for this magazine. Write to-day for the agence in your town. Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39t Street, New York. AGENTS— It’s time to sell felt rugs to homes and hotels, They are bought for Xmas gifts. We are manufacturers and prices defy competition. $2.00 brings large ay Write for our proposition. Newark Felt Rug Co., Dept.PS, 56 F. St., Newark, New Jersey. $2 hourly, pay advanced, displaying new guaranteed rustless, stainless steel cutlery sets, experience unnecessary, bd me ped and collect. Cameron Mfg. Co., 1465 Broadway, ew York. FREE booklet. Start little mail order business any- where. Amos Pier, 74 Cortlandt Street, New York. MECHANIC or engineer tired of inside work can get & “salesmanship job” handling automotive accessory which really saves gasoline. You may be sceptical now, but we will show you as you can show your customer. Only a man who will know a practical appliance when he sees one, wanted. Permanent connection, and will grow as big a8 you — Bridgers Company, B Street, Florence, South Carolina. $4.00 profit on every $5.00 sale. ‘Free sample’’—new specialty. (Money getter). Every storekeeper, doctor buys quickly. Connors made $20.00 first hour. Dacey made $86.00 first day. ny ig unnecessary. All terri- tories now open. Drawer 596, Hartford, Connecticut. _ AMBITIOUS men, write today for attractive proposi- tion, selling subscriptions to America’s most popular auto- mobile and sportsman’s magazine. Quick sales. Big profits. Pleasant work. Digest Pub. Co.,.9523 Butler Bldg., Cin- cinnati. AGENTS—Best seller; Jem Rubber Repair for tires and tubes; supersedes vulcanization at a saving of over 800 per cent; put it on cold, it vulcanizes itself in two minutes, and is guaranteed to last the life of the tire or tube: sells to every auto owner and accessory dealer. For particulars how to make big money and free sample, ad- dress Amazon Rubber Co., 504 Amazon Building, Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania. . SELL household necessities. Liberal credit extended. Hy-Gen-O! Laboratory, Spring Valley, New York. AGENTS—90c an hour to advertise and distribute samples to consumer. Write quick for territory and par- ticulars. American Products Co., 7918 American Bldg. Cincinnati, Ohio. SALESMEN, solictors, territory men—at last! A Fire Extinguisher deadly to all Fires, which will not get out of order, Freeze, or deteriorate selling at $1.00 and $1.50. ick seller to Home, Factory, Office and Garage. Attrac tive propostion to live hustling men. Write Red Cup Lubricator Co., 1603 8. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill.

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Monthly. December, 1922 toilet refund e sales » Re- 3, sub- Man Wouldnt — e "Seca oo $90) a Week $100 92.a Week E was putting in long hours was made Assistant Manager. wonderfully-illustrated I. C. S. at monotonous unskilled Now he is Manager with an in- lessons make it easy to learn. work. His small pay scarcely come that means independence lasted from one week to the next. and all the comforts and plea- Pleasures were few and far be- sures that make life worth living. day spent with the I. C. S., in the tween and he couldn’t save a cent. It just shows what a man with. When everything has been made easy for you—when one hour a quiet of your own home, will He was down—but he wouldn’t ambition can do. And this man bring you a bigger income, more stay down! He saw other men is only one of thousands who have comforts, more pleasures, all that promoted, and he made up his climbed the same steps to success SUCCeSS Means——can you afford to mind that what they could do he with the help of the International let another single priceless hour could do. reason they were promoted was because they had special training —an expert knowledge of some one line. So he made up his mind to get that kind of training. The First Step Upward —and what followed He marked and mailed to Scranton a coupon like the one on the right. That was his first step upward. It brought him just the information he was looking for. He found he could get the train- ing he needed right at home in the hours after supper. From that time on he spent part of his spare time studying. Then he found the Correspondence*Schools. Are You Really Trying To Get Ahead? What about you? Are you satisfied merely to hang on where you are or would you, too, like to have a real job and real money? It’s entirely up to you. You don’t have to stay down unless you want to. You can have the position you want in the work you like best—a salary that will give you the home, the comforts, the plea- sures you would like to have. No matter where you live, the I. C. S. will come to you. No matter what your handicaps or how small your means, we have a plan of spare time go to waste? This is all we ask: Without cost or. obligation, put it up to us to prove how we can help you. Just mark and mail this coupon. INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS Box 7614-C, Scranton, Penna. Without cost or obligation on my part, please tell me how I can qualify for the position or in the subject before which I have marked an X: BUSINESS TRAINING DEPARTMENT Business Management Salesmanship Industrial Management Advertising Personnel Organization Better Letters Traffic Management Foreign Trade Business Law Stenography and Typing Banking and Banking Law Business English Accountancy (including C.P.A.) (j Civil Service DO) Nicholson Cost Accounting Railway Mail Clerk CL) Bookkeeping Common School Subjects Private Secretary . High School Subjects Business Spanish (© French Illustrating TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEPARTMENT Electrical Engineering Architect Aiiclectrie Lighting Blue Print Reading -|Mechanical Engineer Contractor and Builder -]Mechanical Draftsman Architectural Draftsman )Machine Shop Practice Concrete Builder Railroad Positions Structural Engineer Gas Engine Operating Chemistry [) Pharmacy Civil Engineer Automobile Work Surveying and Mapping Airplane Engines Metallurgy Agriculture and Poultry Hj Steam Engineering [) Radio Mathematics Street AGAreSS.............ecc-ccescssseessssssecereserencesonesoosnareeseesensserees The first reward was not long to meet your circumstances. NO citys Statics pnsmesnali Occupation. ...........c.ccssereeceseesensetecsnsenaessrsenssssseesnesserssaneasseucers Persons residing in Canada should send this coupon to the ternational Correspondence Schools Canadian, ” Montreal, Canada. in coming—an increase in salary. Then came another. Then he education, the simply-written, matter how limited your previous Limited,

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16 Quick-Action Advertisements continued from page 14 A short line here. curve. a wonderful picture! Another there. to use and just where to put them. are transform- — hes HIS wonderful new method makes it possible [for any- one to learn Illustrating, Cartooning, or Commercial Art. Hundreds of our students are now making splendid incomes. And most of them never touched a drawing pencil before they studied with us. The simplicity of this method will astound you. You will be amazed at eoaged own rapid progress. You learn y mail—yet you receive rsonal instruction from one of merica’s foremost Commercial Artists of 30 years’ successful eee ek Godwin and Wynn Holcomb (Wynn), the famous artists, are but two of his many successful students. Get into this fascinating game. N - You can easily qualify and make big money. A few minutes’ study each day is all that is needed. Newspapers, advertising agencies, magazines, business concerns—all are looking for men and women to handle their art work. Cartoonists and de- signers are at a premium. Dozens of our students started work at a high salary. Many earn more than the One of the most fascinat- ing, best paid businesses— yours after a few minutes’ training a day. Delightful pas- time! Endless & - — fun! Acquire the knack in your spare time. Invaluable asset in your present business. A few lines can drive home your _ in- tangible ideas. New way makes it easy to learn drawing. The Magic Power of. Alew Little Lines’ Have you ever noticed a cartoonist draw? A small A splash of shading—and you have It was all so easy— because he knew how—he knew which lines Through this New Easy Way to Draw you too can learn the Magic Power of a Few Little Lines and how to make big money in drawing them! New Easy Way to fev Eeer!| DRAW cost of the course while they are learning YOU—with a little spare time study in your own home—can easily and quickly get one of these big-paying artists’ jobs. This amazing method has exploded the old idea that talent is an absolute Necessity in art—that “It’s all a ‘gift’."".| Just as you have learned to write, this new method teaches you to draw. We start you with straight lines, then curves. Then you learn how to put them together. Now you begin making pictures. Shading, action, perspective, and all the rest follow in their right order, until you are making pictures that bring you from $50 to $500 or more Many artists get as high as $1,000 for a single drawing. Big money is gladly paid and big money is waiting for anyone with foresight enough to prepare, for this pleasant profession. Through our new easy method of teaching, YOU can earn big money as an artist, regardless of your present ability. Mail coupon today for interesting booklet telling all about it. Coupon Brings Fascinating Booklet Mail coupon today for this fascinating booklet, and learn how you can become an Artist in a few minutes aday of your spare time. Cut out coupon and mail NOW. method in detail. Tells of our students—and their won- cr er ese en aoe es ane sn oy derful progress—and how we can qualif ou for a high- The Washington School of Art, Inc. | a caine position. | reactor e Cog | Booklet gies fll particular ie: . c sé ° 49 ny t, your free book, “‘How to Be- about our “Free Artist’s Out- | come an Artist,” and full details about fit’’ Offer. This booklet will | your special Short-Time Offer | be sent free, and without ob- bos | ligation. Read all about this SPT oT Te Te eT eee Ee ee eee H | (State whether Mr., Mrs., or Miss) | -jecemegte P wie glint ly learn, at home in spare MD ee oc coc tocks ocee sees | tiene. Wilh cat the beoukies- ! | coupon now. Mail it TODAY. An interesting and handsomely illustrated booklet, ‘“‘How to Become an Artist,’’ has been prepared and will be sent to you without cost. become an artist in a few minutes’ daily spare time and at a cost of a few cents a day. Explains about this amazing It tells how you can easily an ARTIST Designer—Ilhustrator—Carioonist | —__ Washington School of Art, Inc., 1913 Marden Bldg., Washington, D. C° 4 ein , A New Trade Name for the Outfit Made By Us Since 1917 made by The ALFRED JOHNSON SKATE (0. Dept. M 2812 W. North Ave. CHICAGO $11.50 Complete SHoRT-Cut HORS THE FINEST TUBULAR SKATE AND SHOE MADE. USED BY THE WORLD’S GREATEST AMATEUR AND PROFESSIONAL SKATERS. FOR SALE BY ALL GOOD DEALERS OR DIRECT FROM FACTORY. NOT CON- NECTED WITH ORIGINAL NESTOR JOHNSON MFG. CO. thing furn: realistic plots. How your friends may be your worst judges. How to avoid discouragement and the pitfalls of Failure. How to Win/ This surprising book is absolutely free. Nocharge. No obliga- tion. Your copy is waiting for you. Write for it xow. Justad =a) |HERE’S AREAL IT’S DIFFERENT Start permanent business. Every- ished. Work anywhere, only table room required. Se Quickly tearned in 10 lessons. Free booklet. Tangley Company to Writers! A WONDERFUL BOOK—read about it! Tells how easily Stories and Playsarecon- ceived, written, periected, sold, How many who don't DREAM they can write, suddenly find it out. How the Scenario Kings and the Story Queens live and work. How bright men and women, without any special experience, learn to their own amazement that their sim- plest Ideas may furnish brilliant plots forPlays and Stories. How one’s own Imagination may nr an endless gold-mine of Ideas that ing Happy Success and Handsome Cash Royalties. How new writers get their names nto print. How to tell if you ARE a writer, How to develop your ‘‘story fancy,’’ weave clever word-pictures and unique, thrilling, YORK BUSINESS! | pe Paint- undreds successful workers. 178 Main, Muscatine, Iowa Quick-Action Advertisements continued on page 18 \ Popular Science Monthy~. AGENTS AND SALESMEN WANTED AGENTS make 100% profit selling fibre brooms. sample. National Fibre Broom Co., St. Louis, Missouri, OUR agents make $35 to $50 daily and are getting it with New Marvelous Invention. Sells toeverybody. [ow eee. — outfit. Write Suren Co., 25 N. Dearborn St., Chicago. LOCAL distributors—For tire armor, an inside cusing and armor that greatly increases mileage of all tires, Preventg punctures and blowouts, saves tire repair expenses. Will give several thousand or more miles to almost all wornouyt tires. Outlasts several tires and costs less than good tubes Very liberal discounts. Big opportunity in every locality, Write for exclusive agency. Motor Froducts, Co. Lunt Avenue, Chicago. QUICK money selling Amazing Life of Henry Ford Illustrated. New, Authentic, 25 sales daily. Outfit free’ Actnow. R.C. Barnum Company, Cleveland, Ohio. 5 SALESMEN—Dollars are waiting for you! Wherever internal combustion engines are used—and that meang everywhere. Motor Ighition Amplifiers sell themselves on their merits by easy demonstration. More power to a new motor, new power to the old—verily they sell because they excel—they serve power and conserve ignition system, re- duce carbon deposits and insure quick start with complete combustion. Salesmen, agents, dealers—investigate, Motor Ignition Corporation, Albany, New York. SELL necessities. Everybody needs and buys the “Business Guide.” Bryant cleared $800 in July. Send for sample. It’s free. ichols Company, Box 1B, Naper- ville, Illinois. FORDS run 34 miles on gallon gasoline. Other cars show proportionate saving. Wonderful new carburetor. Starts easy in coldest weather. Fits any car. Attach yourself, Money back guarantee. Sent on 30 days trial. Agents — Air Friction Carburetor Co., Dept. 3222, Dayton, o. $75.00 weekly commissions. Coin*money (65) newest household, automobile specialties—(Just out). Every home, garage, automobilist, accessory store, instantly buys 1 to 100. No money. No experience needed. Exclusive territory going fast. Write quick for free samples. Factory C, Box 494, Hartford, Connecticut. POLMET Polishing Cloth cleans all metals like magic, Sells fast at 25c. Sample free. F.C. Gale Co., 15 Edinboro Street, Boston, Massachusetts. SELL Minitmend for tires and tubes—cost 2c. surpasses vulcanizing, saves 500%. sory dealer buys. Profits amazing. Shaw made $21 first day. Hart $155 first week. Particulars and free sample, The Colonia) Rubber Co., Dept. 88, Philadelphia, Pa. NIFTY Auto Specialty. Discounts handsome. Cata- ract Auto Washer Company, Dept. N., Topeka, Kansas. AGENTS: If you are m iking less than $300 a month, our proposition on Sentinel Burglar Alarms for windows and doors will interest you. Many agents earn $20 daily. Brand new inventions. No wires or battcries. Instant!y attached to any door or window. No competition. Provides cheap bur- glar insurance. Big money makers. Write to-day for ex- tremely liberal terms to agents. Sentinel Alarm Co., 1452 Marquette Bldg., Chicago, Illinois. 300% profit. Snow Dust washes clothes without rubbing: Women wild about it. Going big everywhere. Free sam- 7 Exclusive territory. Norman F. Conrad, Wabash, ndiana. BIG money and fast sales. Every owner buys gold initials for his auto. You charge $1.50; make $1.35. Ten orders daily easy. Write for particulars and free samples. Ameri- can Monogram Co., Dept. 47, East Orange, New Jersey. RUMMAGE sales make $50.00 daily. We start you. Representatives wanted everywhere. Permanent business, a t. 34, ‘“‘Wholesale Distributors,’ 609 Division Street, cago. WANTED— District Purchasing Agents, $250 per month. Steady employment and exclusive territory. Write now. Experience unnecessary. National Instrument Company, 4707 North Hamilton, Chicago, Illinois. SELL guaranteed coal saving devices. Save half coal. Expensive coal makes tremendous demand. 100% profit. A. D. Dalot, 204 N. 5th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. CLARKE made $18 an hour gelling vestpocket wind- shield cleaner needed by evcry autoist, motorman, engineer; one rub keeps gjass clear 24 hours; 60,000 sold; amazing on free. Security Mfg. Co., Dept. 637, Toledo, 0. Repaid: Every auto and acces. AGENTS—S$1.25 an hour spare time doing special adver- tising and showing samples. Get our big sample assortment free. Tea, coffee, spices, extracts, baking powder, food om. things people eat. 240 fast sellers. Big profits. — territory. Dept. 27, Harley Company, Dayton, 0. AGENTS: Sell the new guest room bouquet. elty for the holiday trade. A bouquet of 15 crepe paper roses. Each flower contains a useful article for the guest. Sample prepaid, 75c. E. H. Condon, 77 Bedford St. Boston, Mass ichusetts. SALESMEN act quick. Ten patented auto necessities. Spark plugs, visors, windshield cleaners, hose clamps, etc. Generous commissions. Jubilee Mfg. Co., 24 Sta.C, Omaha, Nebraska. FORD Engines do the work. tire pump. Tremendous A nov- Direct engine-driven demand. No competition. Pumps 60 pounds air pressure in 90 seconds. Live agents with Ford cars wanted. Send for circular. Clagett Man- as Co., 631 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, AGENTS—Enormous profits, permanent repeat busi- ness, exclusive territory, selling highest quality products at low prices. Cocoanut Oil Shampoo retails 50c bottle, costs $1 dozen. Soaps, perfumes, extracts, etc. M. Ver- dina Co., 16 East 13th, New York. AGENTS—6,000,000 Fords need our 25c Grip” guaranteed 5,000 mile fabric fan belt. Son, St. Louis, Missouri. AGENTS, SALESMEN, DEMONSTRATORS. You will have the devil's own time trying to find a better seller than “ZIPPO.” If there was such a thing we'd have it. 150% profit on 50¢ ‘‘Go Getter” repeat article that sells on ten-second demonstration. Works While You Watch It. Demonstrates value while others waste time making claims. New discovery! Greatest scientific triumph of the age. It’s the berries. Haven't room to tell our stor here. Write immediately. Karam-Smith Co., 712 Clar St.. Ft. Wayne, Indiana. * 100% profit selling our chemical specialties. Quaker City — =m ee 132 E. Albanus Street, Philadelphia, Penn- syivania. EARN $10.00 to $35.00 weekly mailing circulars at home. Outfit and instructions 25e. Jamorris, 2305 Gratz, Phila- delphia, Pennsylvani.. RELIABLE tire concern wants capable man for county representative and siles manager. $50 capital necessary. Chicago Rubber Works, 2848 Broadway, Chicago, Illinois. EASY, pleasant work for mechanics, shop men, clerks during spare hours, will add many dollars to their salaries. Also want persons who can give full time. Big wages assured. Novelty Cutlery Company, 27 Bar Street, Canton, Ohio. IMMENSE Holiday Trade—Sell Beautful Gift Boxes containing high grade *‘Velva’’ Toilet Preparations. Both men and women are delighted. Distinctive box for each. Pleases the most fastidious, yet very reasonable in price. Sure sellers. Profits big. Now’s the time. Get details today. Duoform Co., Dept. H 66, Attica, N. Y. “Greater Teuscher & De |

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Become a Radio-trician Radio-trician means to Radio what o) Elec-trician means to Electricity Learn at home the greatest profession of today and the future. Become a master of radio installation, operation, maintenance, repair, mechanics, design, inspection, salesmanship and invention. HE world is aflame with Radio. Never before aitin in the history of the country has an industry Ameri: leaped to the forefront as rapidly as this great, 8,000 students. It is the pioneer school. It teaches every phase of radio from the ground up. It teaches by means of actual practice, actual assembling of a

<A new science. Hundreds of thousands of radio re- ceiving sets are in operation—tens of thousands of sending stations will be erected—and this enormous craze is permanent. Even today manufacturers are months behind their orders! Improvements are being made every day which must increase the demand for radio equipment to even greater proportions than now. Men of foresight, men of vision know what this means. Never before has there been such an oppor- tunity. Radio-tricians are needed today everywhere. More and more will be needed as the demand for radio installation, radio operation, radio maintenance, radio repair, radio salesmanship becomes greater and greater. Wherever you go, there are hundreds of radio sets to be installed—wherever you go, thousands upon thousands of dollars worth of radio equipment is being sold—wherever you go, there are radio sets to repair; and if you seek adventure, there are radio sending stations calling to you from ships and land stations all over the world. The Pioneer School The National Radio Institute has a record of over radio outfit, actual operation of radio equipment. It teaches by problem and principle so that National Radio-tricians are in demand everywhere. Here is a profession which is paying enormous earnings to men all over the country today—a pro- fession that will make hundreds of men wealthy—a profession far more lucrative than that of any other technical or mechanical employment you can secure. ‘ What would you do? The world is aflame with Radio. What are you going to do to “cash in” on the demand for men, for equipment, for experience? Are you going to sit idly by wondering what it is all about, or are you going to make the most of this, the greatest opportunity presented to men of ambition in 50 years? Write at once for the complete catalog to the National Radio Institute. This is the turning point in your life. Upon your decision this instant may depend your entire future. Mail the coupon, or write a letter NOW—for your own sakel NATIONAL RADIO INSTITUTE Dept. 1274 ERLE MEEPS EO APE ae i NATIONAL RADIO INSTITUTE, Radio Headquarters Dept. 1274, N. W., Washington, D.C. Please send me your catalog “How to Learn Radio at Home” describing your Home Study Course which will qualify me to become a Radio-trician. (Please write plainly.) Address “Copyright, 1922, National Radso Instituts Radio Headquarters N. W., Washington, D. C. | Sn Pee ee

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18 Quick- Action Advertisements continued from page 16 GENERAT MANAGEYS PRIVATE You can get on the BIG MONEY Side of the Door ON’T en be one. you can use it to Makeyourlife worthwhile You don’t have to give up your present work—stick on the job—take the wasted moments and turn them into golden treasure. You will quickly profit as a result— you will find new interest in your employment—and almost immediate promotion has rewarded the major- ity of those who earnestly desired to succeed— We guarantee our courses If after you have completed our course, you are not satisfied in every respect, let us know and we will re- turn every cent you paid us. You can’t lose a penny, so don’t delay any longer, fill out the coupon now. American School Dept. B975 58th Street and Drexel Avenue Chicago, Illinois ‘Let us help you get there the big business man—follow his example and . Ihe successful man trained himself to fit in the big money job. You, too, can train for the worthwhile —for real success in life. Let us tell you how to quali splendid position through your knowledge of Business Management Our new course in business covers every phase of commercial and industrial life in a thorough, interesting, profitable way. The course has been compiled. by America’s leading educators, who have secured the facts direct from the world’s foremost business houses. You learn business secrets that the men who give them to you would have given hundreds of dollars to know just a few years ago. Here is your opportunity to make your spare time worth something to you— ition for a FREE! Our extraordinary new book on the determining factor in successful business— MANAGERIAL CONTROL will be sent you abso- lutely free upon receipt of your request for it. Every student who en- rolls for the Business Management course also receives a magnificent 8-Volume _ Business_Li- brary which in itself is worth more to him than the cost of the course. eapbee Architect .....-Electrical Engineer Ry Building Contractor . »+e-Blectric Light and Power osesee Automobile Engineer .-....General Education ......Automobile Repairman .-.... Vocational Guidance saeaee Civil Engineer | ......Business Law occeos Structural Engineer e+eee-Lawyer E scceee Business Manager .»»»+.- Machine Shop Practice ......Cert. Public Accountant _...... Photoplay Writer Se. Accountant and Auditor ....--Mechanical Engineer as: Bookkeeper ‘ -+----Shop Superintendent poseee Draftsman and Designer _...... Employment Manager American School. 22733722 Pmet Avenue Send me full information on the subject checked and how you will help me win success Pere Te Loe. eee REL E Re beS Seb Ob babe ones eh bbe bebeWeseh ers eeeesess Address...... ea SRR Be eo ee te Leh ieee aise ei eacesounee ......5team Engineer .--...F oremanship «s.e.-9anitary Engineer «.e..-urveyor (& Mapping) eee ee Lelephone Engineer «ee.e. 1. elegraph Engineer «....-High School Graduate -.-.--Fire Insurance Expert oe... Wireless Radio eoeeee Undecided A practical book for everybody. terms by nine specialists. RADIO PHONE RECEIVING Written in non-technical 224 pages. Fully illustrated. Price, $1.50 Popular Science Monthly, 225 W. 39th St., New York “Experiments With 110- Volt Alternating Current” ERE at last is a book that gives a practical working knowledge of the alternating current. Popular Science Monthly HELP WANTED OUR genuine gold window sign letters are an excellent money-making proposition for handy men. Slann Sign System, East Bethune Avenue, Detroit, Michigan. MEN—Age 17 to 45. Experience unnecessary. Travel, make secret investigations, reports. Salarics, expense, American Foreign Detective Agency, 321, St. Louis. SILVERING mirrors, French plate. mense profits. Plans free. I-xcelsior Springs, Missouri. ‘ Frsily learned, im- Wear Mirror Weiks, Lept. 26, —. WRITE photoplays; $50 each. Experience unnecessary; details free to beginners. Producers’ Lezgue, 194, St. Louis, DETECTIVES—Excellent opportunity. Fascinating work. Experience unnecessary. Jarticulars free. Write, American Detective System, 1968 Proadwiy, New York. BE a detective. Excellent opportunity, good pay, travel. — “y T. Ludwig, 424 Westover Bldg., Kansas City, ouri. BE a railway traffic inspector! $110 to $250 monthly, expenses paid, after 3 months’ spare-time study. Splendid opportunities. Position guaranteed or money refunded. Write for Free Booklet Cm-13. Standard Business Training Institute, Buffalo, New York. MAKE money in spare time mailing letters. Men, write now, enclosing stamped addressed reply envelope. Nor- mande H Dept., 147 W. 23d Street, New York. EARN $15-350 weekly writing show cards. No can- vassing. Experience unnecessary. We train you. Par- ticulars, terms, free. Shorite Sign System, Inc., 1809, De- troit, Michigan. MEN, women, over 18, desiring Government positions, $1400 up, write immediately for full information. Chicago Civil Service College, B-70 Kesner Building, Chicago. BIG money made silvering mirrors, plating tableware headlights. Outfits furnished. F. Decie Laboratories, 1133 Broadway, New York. FIREMEN, brakemen, baggagemen, sleeping car, train porters (colored). $140-$200. Experience unnecessary. 838 Railway Bureau, E:st St. Louis, Illinois. STOP daily grind. Start silvering mirrors, auto head- lights, tableware, etc. Plans free. Clarence Sprinkle, Dept. 95, Marion, Indiana. YOU are wanted. Commence $135 month. Govern- ment railway mail clerks. Steady. Common education sufficient. Write immediately for list itions open. Franklin Institute, Dept. K42, Rochester, New York. ° MEN WANTED for detective work. Experience un- necessary. Write for details explaining guaranteed position. J.Ganor, former Govt. Detective, DU. St. Louis, Mo. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask to-day for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘“‘How_ You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.’”” You'd like to know, wouldn't you? Manager Classified Advertising, i Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New York. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES USED correspondence courses sold, changed. List free. (Courses bought.) Pisgah, Alabama. “INVESTING FOR PROFIT” is worth $10 a copy to any man who intends to invest any money, however small, who has money invested unprofitably, or who can save $5or more per month, but who hasn't learned the art of investing for profit. It demonstrates the real earning power of money, the knowledge financiers hide from the masses; it reveals the enormous profits they make and shows how to make the same profits. It explains how stupendous fortunes are made and why they are made; how $1,000 grows to $22,000. To introduce our magazine write us now, and we'll send it six months free. Address Investing for Profit, 20 W. Jackson Bivd., Dept. C-83, Chicago. $50 WEEK evenings. I made it. Mail order business. Booklet for stamp tells how. Sample and plan 25c. Free 12 articles worth $3. Alps Scott, Cohoes, N. Y ADVERTISE. Country town newspapers. Lists free. Pennel Company, Covington, Kentucky. GET into the specialty manufacturing business. Amaz- ing profits. We will send you free book explaining our sys- tem. Write immediately. A wonderful opportunity awaits . a Steel, President, 213 North Monroe, Richmond, rginia. BIG money; unlimited possibilities; universal, un- limited demand. Particulirs. ‘o-operative Service Bureau, 5PSM937, Kokomo, Indiana. SCHEMER Magazine, Alliance, Ohio, prints big profit schemes; one subscriber made $25,000 from three; another — from one. Try your luck. Year, $1.00; 3 months, oc. rented, and ex- Lee Mountain, RESPONSIBLE corporation wants general sales mana- gers to open branch office, manage salesmen. $500 to $1000 necessary; expenses allowed to Baltimore if you qualify. = Manager, 603 N. Eutaw Street, Baltimore, Mary- and. EXPERT Chemist will furnish Formula and Trade Secrets in all lines. Lists free. W. L. Cummings, Ph. D., Gordon Avenue, Syracuse, New York. BE a detective. Excellent opportunity, good pay, travel. ed a T. Ludwig, 424 Westover Bldg., Kansas City, ssouri. Begin Today-Write for My FREE BOOK I can make a 00d peaman of you at home dur- ing spare time. rite for my FREE BOOK, *“*HOW TO BECOME A GOOD PENMAN.’’ It contains specimens and tells how others mas- tered penmanship by the Tamblyn System. Your name will be elegantly written on a card if © as enclose stamp to pay postage. FREE BOOK— Write for it Today. F.W. Tamblyn, 437 Ridge Bidg., Kansas City, U.S.A. a Learn Cartooning At Home—in Your Spare Time from the school that has trained so many of thesuccessful cartoonists of today earning from to $200 and more per week. The don Picture Chart Method of teaching es original drawing easy to learn. Write for full information and chart to test your ability. Please state age. THE LANDON SCHOOL 451 National Bidg., Cleveland,O. The only way to gain a thorough understanding of electricity is by direct personal experiment. How a practical knowledge of the alternating current can be gained in an interesting and inexpensive way is shown. The knowledge that comes from experiment is of vastly more value than that acquired from the performance of the stereotyped series of battery ex- periments usually described in books on Alternating Current. eS igs The book “Experiments with 110-Volt Alternating Current”. is needed by every man experimenting with alternating current. 256 pages, 135 illustrations. Price, postpaid, $1.75 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 225 West 39th Street New York City Quick-Action Advertisements continued on page 20 ENTER a new business. Earn $3,000 to $6,000 yearly in professional fees making and fitting 2 foot specialty; openings everywhere with all the trade you can attend to; easily learned by any one at home in a few weeks, at small expense; no further capital required; no goods to buy, job hunting, soliciting or agency. Address Stephenson Labor- atory, 15 Back Buy, Boston, Massachusetts. WE start in business, furnishing everything. Men_and women, $30.00 to $100.00 weekly, operating our “New System Specialty Candy Factories’” anywhere. Opportu- nity lifetime. Booklet free. H. Ragsdale Company, East Orange, New Jersey. PATENTS procured — Trade marks registered — A comprehensive, experienced, prompt service for the pro- tection and development of your ideas. Preliminary advice gladly furnished without charge. Booklet of infor- mation and form for disclosing idea free on request. Richard : B. Owen, 44 Owen Building, Washington, D. C., or 2276-Z ’ Woolworth Building, New York. PREPARE—Sell your own products—formulas, trade secrets. Interesting catalog free. C. Thaxly Co., Wash- ington, D. C. ae MR. ADVERTISER: Ask to-day for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells “How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.” You'd like to know, wouldn't you? Manager assified Advertising, Classi “Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New Yor

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December, 1922

Building Trades Need Men The building trades are booming. Conserva- tive estimates by Government experts indicate that more than four billion dollars ($4,000,060,000) will be spent for construction this year. *%%°% should be even bigger ! Don’t you see what this means? It means good jobs at good salaries for thousands upon thousands of trained men. There’s a chance for you to get one of these good jobs at a salary of $40 to $100 a week if you really want it. Right at home, in the spare time that now goes to waste, the International Correspondence Schools will train you for suc- cess in Architecture, Drafting, Surveying, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Concrete Building, Mechanical Engineering, or whatever it is that you have your heart set on doing. Just fill out and mail the coupon printed below, and without cost or obligation on your part, Jet us tell you how the I. C. S. can help you get out of the rut and go upward to a better job and a bigger salary. — — — — — TEAR OUT HERE — — — — — - th gs CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS SCRANTON, Pa. Without cost or obligation, please explain how I can qualify for the position or in the subject before which I have marked an X: [} Architect [} Concrete Builder

Street AGGEPOBB. 2000. c0ccrccceee Occupation............ [} Plumbing Inspector CO Foreman Plumber [j Architectural Draftsman [] Sheet Metal Worker Blue Print Reading Building Foreman [j Contractor and Builder Hy Electrical Engineer CI — Engineer Surveying and Mapping Electric Lighting and Rys. [} Structural Tagineer Electric Wiring |} Structural Draftsman [ } Plumber and Steam Fitter Heating and Ventilation Toolmaker Mechanical Engineer Mechanical Draftsman Machine Shop Practice

Persons residing in Canada should send this coupon to the International Correspondence Schools Canadian. Limited, Montreal, Canada.

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z \ MOBI the United States. Twelve million cars needing constant service; twelve million engines to adjust and repair; twelve million batteries requiring attention; twelve million starting, lighting and ignition systems to be kept in adjustment; fifty million tires to vulcanize and retread 19 MONEY LE BUSINESS GOVERNMENT statistics show nearly twelve million automobiles in Think what that means!

—and only rat thousand garages to do the work. That’s why thousands of trained men are neede KNOW how to handle this work, MAKE $2,000 TO $10,000 VEARLY HAVE A BUSINESS OF YOUR OWN Fit yourself to step into a good paying job or to m a business of yourown. T from “pencil pusher’’ $42 r week. of ‘“‘Can it be done?’ It’s merely a question of ** YOU want to doit?” If you've got grit, a Ng and determination, here is your chance to succeed and we will gladly help you.

HUDSON Motor CAR Capaws ETROIT, MICH., U. S This school e th 1 utomobile men of Detroit. You wil ivory, high vob by ‘fie owes tor @ course. We believe the Michigan State Auto School located at Detroit would best meet your requirements, as its course in technical training is most thorough and complete in every detail.

Buick Motor COMPANY

Tae STUDEBAKER CORPORATION OF AMERIOA We do not know a better automobile school tha’ recommend to you than the Michigan State. pe Ratenetd

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE We guarantee that a graduate of our Automobile and Tractor Course will be qualified to fill a posi- tion as assembler, demonstrator, tester, repair man, auto electrician, chauffeur, or farm lighting expert, or we will refund his tuition. Good Positions AwaitOur Graduates Factories, garages and ser- vice stations are continually calling for M.S. A. S. trained men. Only recently we had 40 calls in one day. These positions pay good salaries and offer excellent opportuni- ties for advancement, or to go into business for ‘yourself. There are more opportunities for Detroit trained men than we can fill. Let us help you into one of these good jobs and a successful future in ~_ automobile business. . G. Zeller, President ACT NOW! The man who “‘gets there’’ must first “‘get busy.” Success comes to those who go after it. Start NOW! _Instruction begins same day eas u enter. Our Welfare Department arranges for rd and room. Remember the thousands who have already made good—show the world that you can, too. Write today for Free Catalog. Michigan State Automobile School 592 Auto oe 3729 Woodward Ave., ROIT, MICH.

r housands of our graduates are making big money in the auto business. McMannis (Quebec) doubled his salary with M. S. A. S. training; Epps | ney -) made $8,000 in one year; Greve (Calif.) made enough rst year to buy a home. Steckle (Penn.) was getting $18 weekly, now making $100 per week; Mayes (Kas.) saves $100 monthly above e nses; Johnsen” (Ohio) jumped at $13. 50 weekly to auto mechanic at anteode more like these. It i isn’ at a prc The demand exceeds the supply. Good pay awaits men who

Complete Course — Factory Endorsed Every branch of the auto business is taught; construction operation, up-keep, and repair of autos, trucks, tractors, farm lighting plants, and gas engines. We teach by actual practice on each machine. Students visit big auto factories, meet executives and service men, and learn actual factory methods right in Detroit where 79% of all automobiles are made. .The big auto factories helped outline our Courses and they give our students the fullest co-operation and heartily ef som our School. Read the Factory letters reproduced here. SPxCIAL COURSES in Batte Repairing, Tire Re- pairing, Brazing, Welding, and achine Shop Practice thoroughly cover each subject. Teaching done by actual practice. Our graduates are able to handle any kind of job that comes to them. LEARN IN DETROIT It is impossible to over- estimate the advantages of getting your automobile train- ing in Detroit, the very Heart of the Auto Industry. Remember 79% of the World’s automobiles are made here. You are able to study each different make of ma- chine and actual methods by which they are made. You get the benefit of close Factory co-operation—a feature impossible outside of Detroit. That’s why M.S.A.S. graduates make g . They know the inside facts about cars; they also know that Detroit is the logical place to learn the automobile business. ‘

Mail This Coupon NOW! Michigan State Automobile School, 692 Auto Bidg., Detroit, Mich, Please send me your Free Catalog and tell me about the opportunities for earning big money in the automobile business.

PRACTICAL AMATEUR WIRELESS STATIONS This book contains best s ions of thirty-three experi- menters F = building, install and operating experimental stations for radio communica’ Profusely illustrated, 136pp. Price 75c¢ POPULAR a MONTHLY 225 West 39th Street. New York City, N. Y. “STAMMERING ~~ Ifs Guise and Gire > @use and Gire You can be quickly cured if you stammer. Send I0 cents, coin or stamps, for 288 page cloth bound book on Stammering and Stuttering. It tells how I cured myself after Stammering and Stuttering for 20 years. BENJAMIN N. BOGUE, 688 g..1147 N.Ill St., Indianapolis RAISE POULTRY FOR PROFIT Weteach you how. Easilylearned at home. Our guar- anteed methods make success eceindese by leading Agriculcars Colleges. Send TO- DAY for FREE BOO K—“How To Raise Poultry For Profit.” National Poultry Institute Dept.313M, Washington, D.C.

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KGYEROXORGYPROVON

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A Better Rheostat for 75 cents Half Million “Radio Fans” Bought Fada Rheostats in 1921 New grade hard fiber— An unquestionable attribute to the merit will not absorb mois- of Fada rheostats is the universal approval ture and corrode wires of over half a million satisfied users. As a parallel to this achievement, Fada Quick-Action Advertisements continued from page 18 announces a new rheostat—a better instru- ment for less money. This new Fada rheo- stat, using a special hard fiber resistor strip, — the peak in rheostat design and nis This new fiber strip is specially treated and will not absorb moisture and corrode the wires. A notable advance in rheostat man- ufacture. The new Fada rheostat, as a whole, is de- signed for use by those radio experts who love to construct and who take great interest in the appearance and efficiency of their set. Truly, this is the rheostat you can buy with supreme confidence; one ‘“‘you”’ can assemble in your radio set with genuine pride. FRANK A. D. ANDREA 1581-K Jerome Ave. New York City $1.00 $27.00 MUU... 250 Electrical Things You Can Make Yourself Just think of the pleasure it would be to have a good, strong light for shaving. Or the satisfaction of an electric heater giving all the hot water you want—when wanted. These things are easily made—vyou can make them yourself, The making of them is simply explained in — ‘How to Make Things Electrical” And there are hundreds of other practical ideas—elec- trical appliances and devices needed in the house, shop and garage. These time-, labor-, and money-saving devices have all been made and used by the men who tell you how in “‘How to Make Things Electrical.” There is a whole section in this book on Radio. The making of every item in this book is sim- plified by easily followed drawings. There are 313 illustrations. ‘Every man who likes to work around the house, should have a copy of “How to Make Things Electrical”. Price $2.25, sone Send check, cash or money order to— POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 225 West 39th St., New. York City § Popular Science Monthly BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES =i ELL by mail. ‘ Big. profit opportunities free. Harvey . Teepe Decatur, Indiana. z FORECAST your own market. Get our live new book “The Master Market Forecaster.” It tells how. Fine o peruse await you. Market Forecaster Company, Box 174, Dept. C, Topeka, Kansas. MAKE money at home making toys. We show you how. Send $1 for complete working drawings and designs. penalb Designing Co., Dept. 11, Decatur, Georgia. RT a cleaning, pressing, dyeing shop. Splendid fell Sig profits. Plans free. camer soe System, Dept. 20, Excelsior Springs, Missouri JOIN National Institute of ‘Inventors, 8 E. 14th Street. Strong protective membership society; will help secure, develop, manufacture and market patents. Dues $10 yearly. Rooklet free. USED correspondence school courses only one quarter original price; bargain list 1000 courses free; used courses pought. Students’ Exchange, 47A West 42nd Street, New or INCORPORATING a company? Save expenses and taxes by organizing on the popular, common law plap under a@ pure declaration of trust. Anyone, anywhere, can fill in Demaree Standard Forms, issue shares and begin doing business at once. Insist upon Demaree Forms, the original nationally-accepted forms aqessves and used by wel! known attorneys. Send a tor arge, free —-* (C-80) containing much information that you will need Dhmares, Legal Blank Printer, 708 Walnut, Kansas City, issour’ HOME Baking—cakes. candies, jellies. Big proate. In- formation, 10c. G. Eva, 435 West Maxwel Spokane, Washington. INCREASE income spare time. Raise money quickly. Collect bills—cash. Interesting booklet ‘Skillful Collect- ing,”’ free. National Collectors Association, Newark, Ohio. 668 WAYS to make money—2, hee formulas ‘“‘Encyclope- dia Business Opportunities. 3 volumes, $1; Ideal Book Shop, 5501-VP, North Robey, Chicago. START a clothes cleaning, dyeing and pressing shop in your own home. Large profits. Complete working instruc- tions $2 postpaid. A.A. Barnes, X734P. Helena, Arkansas. CHICAGO mail address. Furnished offices. Desks. Full Service. Chicago Offices & Service Co., Jackson Blvd. Chicago. MAKE money at home making toys and novelties. Par- ——s free. New Specialty Co., 158 East 31st Street, New ork. . MR. ADVERTISER: Ask to-day for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘“‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.”’ "you ‘d like to know, wouldn't you? Manager Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New York. STAMPS AND COINS CALIFORNIA gold $ ¥ size, 27c; $size,53c. White a= ane catalogue, 10c. N orman Shultz, Colorado Springs, Solorado. LIKE Triangular Stamps? To introduce our Sudden Service Approvals we'll send triangular Fiume, set China ships, large $1.00 United States revenue, also packet 50 foreign, millimeter scale, perforation, gauge, ruler and bargain lists—for only ‘9c. Fennell Stamp Company, Department C, Fullerton Building, St. Louis, Missouri. 1000 American hinges and 100 different stamps for 25c- 100 United States $1.00. 100 British Colonies, 35c. 100 French Colonies, 75c. Finest approval service. ‘Albums catalogues, etc. | Price lists free. Elwood D. Weber, 813 South Avenue, Plainfield, New Jersey. 158 Genuine Foreign Stamps—Mexico War Issues. a. Salvador and India Service, Guatemala, China, etc., only i0c. Finest approval sheets 50% to60%. Agents wanted. Big 5 Hi Lists free. We buy stamps. Estab- on 1 Ra ——. ussman Stamp Company, Dept. 55, St. STAMPS, 20 unused. 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LARGE Copper Cent over hundred years old only 25 cents. Hundreds of other bargains. Fred Greenclay, Box 297, Alton, Illinois. SUPERIOR “Cent” ag ag Lloyd, 25 Cottage Street, South Orange, New Jersey. TRY Gopher approvals. Priced net. Specify countries desired. Reference. Gopher Stamp Company, 3515 Third Avenue South, Minneapolis. SAVE old stamps. Cole’s approvals will satisfy. Cole, 3019 Wallace St., Chicagoy FREE. Two Fiume triangles to approval applicants enclosing postage. Emery, 569 Oakwood Ayenue, Toronto, Canada. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask _ to-day od a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells “How You Can Use Popular aos gf Profitably.””. You'd like to know, wouldn’ Manager Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly. 225 West 39th Street, New York. 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December, 1922 — SUCCESS: BOOK VIOLET RAYS Use it Yourself«Home - This wonderful FREE book describes the marvelous strange new force, simply tells how Violet Rays revitalizes every cell and works apparent mira- cles in overcoming pain and sickness. Pleasant to use in your home. Physicians and plain home folks explain how Violet Rays has made them well, strong and happy. 60 pages, illustrated, actual photographs, scientific charts and diagrams, It’s FREE. QUICK RESULTS —No Medicine Violet Rays work quickly, you feel results at once, it’s scientific, goes after the cause. That’s why results are quick and permanent. Dr. Duncan, Kewanee, IIl., writes, ‘Violet Rays is the finest thing I ever used. . . to relieve pain, treatments are so pleasant all my patients like it.” Use it yourself at home, save Doctor’s bills. See list of ailments Violet Rays treats successfully, and many others, not space to list. Success depends on health, this book shows the way. Beauty Aid 2 se. Brings natural, mag- Tesla discovered Violet netic beauty of health, jive “reits what dae no dieting, exercise or tors and plain folks ac- drugs. complish in conquering pain, disease and nervous troubles with Violet arn Vasn =: M ss alia REVEALS MARVELOUS En, Women, we ots SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY experience earn liberal profits in spare time Showscharts of human showing Violet Rays to body, explains where neighbors. Proves results pains start, how to ban- first demonstration, sells ish them. Offered FREE on sight. Get attractive for a limited time only, offer and wholesale prices to introduce Violet Rays. now. Send for FREE copy. Check Your Ailment Below for Free Advice Here is a partial list of ailments successfully treated with Violet Ray: Catarrh Eye Disease Nervousness Sore Throat Chilblains Falling Hair Neuralgia Sprains Colds Hay Fever Neuritis Tonsilitis Constipation Headache Paralysis Whooping Deafness Goitre Piles Cough Earaches * Insomnia Rheumatism Asthma Eczema Lumbago Skin Diseases VI-REX ELECTRIC CO..226 WEST Mavison sr. "2 Dept. 1512, CHICAGO Please send me without cost or obligation your free book describing your VI-REX Violet Ray outfits. and details of your free trial offer. COCO e eee eee eee Hee Ee eeeeees COOP ewe meee were rer eeeesereseee eee ween eeee No Need to Wait for Opportunit Technical Training will | Bring It to You Big Demand Right Now for Draftsmen, Building Experts, Engineers. Get Ready Building, general construction and en- men have succeeded. Hundreds of others gineering lines are booming. Not enough report similar successes, Your chances technical experts are to be had to fill the will be as good as theirs if you do as they important jobs. Big pay and big oppor- did—get the training that will make your tunities are ready for men with specialized services worth a high salary. Just a few training. Chicago ‘Tech’ gives this hours a week under the direction of the training to ambitious men—by mail to Chicago “Tech” experts and you can those who cannot come to the College. become an expert yourself. Make your Read below how two Chicago “Tech” spare time count for advancement. Chicago “Tech” Will Train You By Mail By the Chicago ‘Tech’? method you get the direct personal instruction of practical men, You are trained to solve the kind of problems that come up every day in actual engineering and building work. You get blue prints same as used jn shops, factories and on construction work. No time put in on useless theories—none on un- , necessary studies. Every point is made clear; every subject thoroughly covered and you advance from one step to an- Trial Lesson other as fast as you learn. No matter what you are doing or where you live, If you are interested you can get this Chicago ‘‘Tech”’ train- re ty ee er hg free mg and be prepared to advance far trial lesson which shows beyond men who are plodding in a rut our method and enables or trying to pick up knowledge as they you to see how well quali- go along fied you are to take u a ‘ the posstiaetiged ne ond Men with expert technical knowledge you decide whether to are wanted now. Paying positions are enroll or not. open. Get ready. Learned Drafting—: Makes Big Income “My promotions came rapidly after I took up the Chicago ‘‘Tech” Course in Drafting. Soon after I enrolled, my salary was increased $225 a month in the Architectural Department of the company which employed me. I am now in business for myself and my prospect file shows $220,000 worth of work.”—Albert S. Ross. 7 Was a Carpenter— ; Drafti The Big (OO AeronauticEngineerin Now Contractor | 8 Sele Comes) ™ All about reiienes ° “I was working as a carpenter—$6 (crema a SS YR TA Ce Ee g Chicago Tech. College 2 1231 Chicago Tech. Bldg. Chicago, IIl. i Without cost or obligation on me please send instructive matter about opportunities in line I have marked with “X”’ no experience nec- [J Plumbing, Heating and . + essar Ventilating, @ a day when I took up your Builders i oOBuil di ng Trade Plan Reading, Esti- Course. In less than 3 months was Course for men in the mating, etc. made foreman on a big building at $8 building lines. O Steam Engineering aday. 5 months later was superin- 0 Surveying for Steam Engineers and Map Drafting. 0 Automobiles Gas Engines, Starting, Lighting, etc. 0 Plan Reading for Shop Men for Structural Ironworkers, Assem- blymen, etc. tending a reinforced concrete job covering nearly half a block. Am now in business for myself specializing in theaters.’’—J. D. Woodside. SEND THE COUPON Make up your mind to do bigger things—to make 3 on ERE EMRE ee ec ey he more money as a technically trained man. The coupon 4 will bring catalog and fullinformation. Mark X before name of the course which interests you and mail the Jf Address coupon today. CHICAGO TECHNICAL COLLEGE, 1231 Chicago ‘‘Tech” Bldg., Chicago “HOW I BEAT THEGAME™ The Inspiring Story of how one poorly paid garage mechanic won success, his own business and a big income. ‘Tells how you can increase your salary and play real chordsat once. The World’s simplest, easiest from 100 to 500%. Send for it today FREE. method. Nothing else like it. No musical experience neces- sary, play piano as easy as you hum or whistle a tune. Be Ambu Engineering Institute b a Taxtime artist. Send for FREE sample lesson now be- Young and old can now learn to play piano by ear without notes or music by our brand new quick and easy 10 lesson method. Send now for FREE Sample Lesson ! Dept. 412 2632 Prairie Ave., Chicago, Ill. fore edition is gone. * TLER-HAMMVVER BLDG. g Don't de DAVID PIANO COURSE 200 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS o; ects US MAIL , eS Senet = RAILWAY MAIL CLERK ‘No strikes. No lockouts. When everybody else is worrying about his job i U Civil Service Employee is earning good, steady pay in a pleasant occupation ~ | yh peo ae =~ EARN $160 to $2300. Let me rain you to pass the U. S. Civil Se inati - high rating so — geta ion — at $1600 to $2300 a ty Pg ey comps -” Mail Clerk or Customs, Internal tvenue, Departmental, Immigration, Post- noe, Ome and Reset Be Res. I Rave trained thowsande to suc- A cess! pass xam b> oney refun ccessful i securing a position. Writetoday. Mail coupon for catales. 7. _ PATTERSON CIVIL SERVICE SCHOOL Dept. 1612 -~ ~ Rochester, N. Y.

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HIGH SCHOOL COURSE IN TWO YEARS YOU ARE BADLY if you a HANDICAPPED fret You cannot attain business or social prominence, You are barred from @ successful business career, from the leading professions, from well- paid civil service jobs, from teaching and college entrance. In fact, em- ployers of ee all worth-while positions and High School train- ing. You can’t hope to succeed in the face of this handicap, But you can remove it. Let the American School help you. FIT YOURSELF FOii A BIG FUTURE This course, which has been prepared by some of Ameaica’s leading professors, will broaden your mind, and make you- keen, alert and capable. It is com- plete, simplified and up-to-date. It covers all sujects given in resident school and meets all requirements of a High School training. From the first lesson to the last your are care- fully examined and coached. USE SPARE TIMEONLY Nost people idle away fifty hours a week, Probably youdo. Use only one-fifth of your wasted hours for study and you can remove your seg handicap within two years. ou will enjoy the lessons and the knowledge you will gain will well repay the time spent in study. Training Decides Pay There is only one known way to in- crease your earning power—only one way to get the position you want. You must train. Let us assist you to acquire the knowledge you need. Check and mail the Coupon for Free Bulletin and full details of money- back guarantee. American School ~ Dept s H-975 ’ Drexel Ave. and 58th St., Chicago. Sheed RR ey EN SPR NN A CS ER Re A ee American School Dept. H-975, Drexel Ave. & 58th St., Chicago Send me full information on the subject checked _ and how you will help me win pane.

said Architect eee LW eon Buiiding Contractor —~“Mechine Shop Practice ond Automobile Engineer seeeePhotoplay Writer eoowes Automobile Repairman «sees. Mechanical Engineer ciel Civil Engineer «++. Shop Superintendent oabal Structural Engineer .-+- employment Manager sone Business Manager soe Steam a oveved Cert. Public ‘Accountant «oe oremans! anual Accountant and Auditor __.......Sanitary Engi gineer ..-... Bookkeeper A > one Surveyor(and Mapping) <steal Draftsman and Designer ——a one Engineer . . Electrical Engineer = =—=— aces Telegraph Engineer ped Electric Light & Power eee High School Graduate ..... General Education = =«—=—_ essen Fire Insurance Expers .....- Vocational Guidance ...Wireless Radio aceied Business Law s..... Undecided

IDEAS FOR $250 This present, we believe, will give more pleasure, will give more valuable ideas, will be more appreciated than anything costing three or four times as much. It will be used and enjoyed during the whole of next year. It will come fresh every month, bringing new ideas, new inspiration—full facts and pictures of the new discoveries in science. It is— Popular Science Monthly for 1923 You know how interesting and valuable and stimulating Poputar SciENCE MONTHLY is to you—have you not one or more friends who also are keen to keep up with this magnificent era of progress? If a friend has an automobile he will find the automobile pages very helpful. If he is a radio enthusiast Jack Binns’ department will give him an expert’s opinion on the latest discoveries and developments. If he likes to make things with tocls, he can easily spend all his time in follow- ing the plans and suggestions of the Home Work- shop pages. To put it concretely, thetwelveissues of POPULAR ScrENCE Monrtu_y next year, if reprinted in book form, would make six large volumes with twenty- five hundred illustrations—a history of the sci- entific and mechanical progress of the year— and would sell for Eighteen or Twenty Dollars, or more. But you can have Poputar SciENcE delivered every month to a friend at acost of only $2.50 —or even less—if you order two subscriptions as follows: One subscription.............. $2.50 Two subscriptions only........ $4.00 One of the subscriptions may be your own, or both may be gift subscriptions. If you wish more than two subscriptions add $2.00 for each additional subscription. A gift card will be sent to each friend to whom you give Popular SCIENCE MonrTHLY announcing your gift. Send your order early—use the order blank below or, if you prefer, an ordi- nary sheet of paper. Write the address plainly. Popular Science Monthly 225 West 39th St., New York For the §....... enclosed please send PopuLARk SCIENCE MONTHLY for one year to eeeer ee eeereeeee seers eeereereeeeeeeeeseeeeese eeoeceesreereee ee sererereere seers ee eeeeeeeeeee er een r re PP rere ed bs ae aneeeae ore eoeeveeeeee Popular Science Monthly

p rE = anal ~~~ a

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thly oe December, 1922 How Ten Minutes’ Fun Ever 23 Day Keeps Me Fit By Walter Camp Famous Yale Coach’s “Daily Dozen” Exercises Now on Phonograph Records in the smoking compartment of a Pull- man sleeping-car when a man came in and said, ‘“Mr. Camp?” I told him I was, and he continued, ‘Well, there is a man in the car here who is in very bad shape, and we wondered if you could not do something for him.” “What is the matter?” I asked. “This fellow is running up and down the aisle in his pajamas,” the man said, “trying to get them to stop the train to let him get some dope because he hasn’t slept for four nights.” I went back in the car and found a man about 38 years old, white as a sheet, with a pulse of 110, and twitching all-over. I learned that he had been managing a munitions plant and had broken down under the work because he had transgressed all the laws of nature, and given up all exercise, and had been working day and night. “For God’s sake,” he said to me, “can’t you put meto sleep? If some-" body can only put me to sleep!” He was standing all bent over. “Don’t stand that way, stand this way!’’ I said, and I straightened him up and started putting him through a few exercises to stretch his body muscles. Pretty soon the color gradually began to come back into his face, and the twitching stopped. Then I said to him, “T am going to put you through the whole set of ‘Daily Dozen’ exercises once. Then I am going to send you back to your berth.” So I did that and didn’t hear any more from him, but the next morning he came to me in the dining car and said: “You don’t leave this train until you’ve taught me those exercises. I slept last night for the first time in five nights.” I taught him the “Daily Dozen” and two months later I got a letter from him, saying: ‘My dear good Samaritan, I am back on the job-all right again, and I am teaching every- body those exercises.” The ‘Daily Dozen” was originally devised as a setting-up drill for picked young men— the boys who were in training during the war. But its greatest value is for those men and women who are hemmed in between four walls most of the time and are beginning to realize that their bodies aren’t as fit as their minds. I applied it to middle-aged men, and men past middle age, too, during the war—includ- ing members of the cabinet in Washington— who simply had to do much more work than they were used to doing, without breaking down. In the ‘Daily Dozen” I soon found I had something that would actually increase their reserve power. They grew progressively more fit as we went along. People think that they can take an orgy of exercise and make up for a long period of neglect when they do not take any exercise at all. You can not do that. Do not go toa gymnasium. That tires youtodeath. That is old-fashioned. We do not have to do that any more. A man or woman can keep himself or herself fit with six or seven minutes a day. There is no reason why a man at 50 or 60 or 70 should not be supple; and if he is supple, then he grows old very slowly—but the place where he must look after himself 1s in his body muscles— Walter Camp. Mr. Camp is famous as a great Yale foot- QO: night during the war I was sitting ball coach, and athletic authority, but few people know that he is also a successful busi- ness man. Although sixty years old he is stronger and more supple than most younger men, and he uses his own ‘‘Daily Dozen”’ exer- cises regularly in order to remain so. Since the war, the “‘Daily Dozen” has been making busy men and women fit and keeping them so—and the exercises are now proving WALTER CAMP Originator of the Famous ‘‘Daily Dozen” System more efficient than ever—due to a great im- provement in the system. This is it:— With Mr. Camp's special permission all the twelve exercises have been set to music—on phonograph records that can be played on any disc machine. In addition, a chart is furnished for each exercise—showing by actual photographs the exact movements to make for every one of the “commands”—which are given by a voice speaking on the record. So now you can make your phonograph keep you fit. With these records and charts a man or woman can keep himself or herself fit with only a few minutes’ exercise a day—and it is so much fun that some of the ‘Daily Dozen’’ fans go through the whole twelve exercises to the spirited music twice every morning—just as a matter of sheer enjoyment. Mr. Camp says that the place where we must look after ourselves is in the body or the trunk muscles, This is so because we are all in reality ‘‘caged animals.’ Whena man stops hunting and fishing for food and earns it sitting at a desk, he becomesa captive animal—just as much asa lion ora tiger in the Zoo—and his trunk muscles deteriorate because they cease to be used. Then comes constipation - and other troubles which savage men never have. The remedy is to imitate the ‘exercises’ of caged animals. They know how to keep them- selves fit—and they do it too. ah How? Simply by constantly stretching and turning and twisting the trunk or body muscles! When Mr. Camp discovered that men and women can imitate the caged animals with enor- mous profit to their health, he devised the ‘‘Daily Dozen’’—to provide this indispensable exercise —the only exercise people really need to keep in roper condition. P leer people have written to the Health Builders telling them of the benefits they have received. Here is part of one letter: ‘‘We wish to express our satisfaction and de- light with our set of records and exercises. Our entire family of eight, including the maid, are taking them. The children are fascinated with them and bring the neighbors’ children to do them.’’-—Mrs. CHARLES C. HICKISCH, 828 Vine St., La Crosse, Wis. The Health Builders’ improved: system now includes the entire ‘‘Daily Dozen” ex- ercises, set to specially selected music, on large 10-inch double disc phonograph records, twelve handsome charts, printed in two colors, with over 60 actual photo- graphs illustrating .each movement of each exercise, and a little book by Walter Camp explaining the new principles of his famous system. Any man or woman who exercises with this system regularly, even if it is only six or seven minutes a day, will feel better and have more endurance and “pep” than they have had since they were in their *teens—and they will find those few min- utes the best fun of their day. Try the Complete System Free—For Five Days You cannot fully appreciate the real joy of doing the ‘‘Daily Dozen”’ to music until you try it. So we want to send you, abso- lutely free for five days, the ‘Daily Dozen” on phonograph records and charts illustrating the movements. These full- size, ten-inch, double-disc records play- able on any disc machine contain the com- plete Daily Dozen Exercises, and the 60 actual photographs accompanying the records show clearly every movement that will put renewed vigor and glowing health into your body—with only ten minutes’ fun a day. A beautiful record album comes free with the set. No need to send any money. Simply mail the coupon below and get Walter Camp’s “Daily Dozen’’ on phonograph records. Enjoy the records for five days, and if for any reason you are not satisfied return them and you owe nothing. But if you decide to keep the records, you can pay for them at the easy rate of only $2.50 down, and $2 a month for four months until the sum of $10.50 is paid. Thousands of people have paid $15 for the same system but you can now get it for only $10.50 if you act at once. Simply mail the coupon and see for yourself at our expense, the new, easy, pleasant way to keep fit. You'll feel better, look better, and have more endurance and “‘pep”’ than you ever had in years —and you'll find it’s fun to exercise to music] Don’t put off getting this remarkable System that will add years to your life and make you happier by keeping you in glowing health. Mail the coupon today. Address Health Builders, Inc., Dept. 2812, Garden City, N. Y FIVE DAY TRIAL COUPON HEALTH BUILDERS, Inc., Dept. 2812, Garden City, N. Y. Please send me for five days’ Free Trial at your expense the Complete Health Builder Series contain- ing Walter Camp’s entire ‘‘Daily Dozen” on five double-disc ten-inch records; the 60 actual photo- graphs; and the beautiful record-album. If for any reason I am not satisfied with the system, I may return it to you and will owe you nothing But if I deciije to keep it, I will send you $2.50 in five days (as the first payment) and agree to pay $2 a month for four months until the total of $10.50 is paid. , er Se er ee CRS. 6 citi wcctcndanedanadane . State... ose. lf you prefer to take advantage of our cash price send only $10.00. ’ (Price outside of U. S., $12.50, cash with order.)

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Popular Science 'e@e¢ P@eaa ees ; Meet These MEN OF THE HOUR |\gZ, hth World Sen il Inventor of “Water Staircase” HOMAS GASKELL ALLEN, who, though he makes no claim to tech- nical knowledge of the science of hydrau- lics and “simply rushed in where angels feared to tread,” has built in England what Sir Oliver Lodge declares to be one of the greatest inventions of all time— the hydrautomat—which, by joint appli- cation of the weight of a column of water and atmospheric pressure, induces the water of streams to “lift itself by its boot- straps” to almost any desired altitude. So epochal is his invention that Mr. Allen has been invited by the United States Bureau of Weights and Measures to demonstrate it.in Washington, D. C. Engineers declare that the hydrautomat, described on page 53 of this issue, will tap new and almost unlimited sources of water, reclaim thousands of acres of arid land and develop enormous supplies of power from sluggish rivers—all at trifling expense. Although a British subject, Mr. Allen is American born. In 1890 he won inter- national fame when he completed a three- year round-the-world bicycle trip—the longest on record—returning to London and entering the firm of engineers he now heads. Among his achievements, besides the hydrautomat, are listed the develop- ment of the acetylene flame as a tool, and a widely used method of applying brakes to the front wheels of motor cars. \ Creator of Color Movies ANIEL FROST COMSTOCK, who has just made possible the greatest advance in the art of motion pictures since its birth—that of successfully color- ing the film. It is only a few weeks since this scientist announced the culmination of the seven years’ work that cost him hundreds of sleepless nights, many weary days, and practically all the money that he had. And it is little enough to say that this professor of Massachusetts Institute of Technology arrived at no less than seven different processes (all. of which were found useless in practice but valuable in the final results they led to) before ob- taining the final achievement that prom- ises to revolutionize motion pictures. rx xX. Aacdnde. XZASL. »ee4 heoe yi * © Keystone peoe A New Arctic Exploit ONALD B. MACMILLAN, braving terrors of the Arctic, both known and unknown, penetrated 150 miles north of the Arctic Circle in the smallest explorer’s craft that ever entered the ice floes. He has just brought back to us new knowledge of inestimable value concerning the to- pography and hitherto unknown vege- tation and animal life of the Far North. eR wm wae aw mo = om iso Lit feo a We Welcome a New Ally Yet ROFESSOR J. ARTHUR THOMSON, : of Aberdeen University, Scotland, whose epoch-making work, “The Outlineof Science” has already sold into the hundreds of thou- 4 sands and who has been doing for science what H. G. Wells did for history, and what Poputar Science Monta ty likewise is doing. LA ry a Peet — eo « Peet + i 8 ee 2) Pensa m= @e« Ait

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December, 1922 38 this offer too qood to be true? Are we offering a value too great to be credible? Do people ° “‘shy’’ at the thought of receiving too much for their money ? ve E recently mailed several thousand circulars to How can we do it? That is the question most often asked booklovers. We described and pictured these thirty of us. Yet the answer is simple. These books are produced ' volumes of the Little Leather Library honestly, sin- in editions of a million at a timel Quantity production— S cerely, accurately. But we received relatively few orders. that is the secret. Then we mailed several thousand addi- ‘ tional circulars to booklovers, this time : Testing human nature enclosing a sample cover of one of the ° volumes illustrated below. Orders came These books are made by a body of i in by the hundred! The reason, we be- specially trained workmen. We cannot lieve, is that most people cannot believe make a million volumes, discharge these we can really offer so great a value unless workmen until the edition is sold, and they see a samplel then expect to get the same men again. “In this advertisement, naturally, it is impossible for us to show you a sample volume. We must depend on your faith in the advertisements appearing in Pop- ular Science Monthly; and we are hoping This body of men must be kept together. The manufacture must be continuous— one edition following the other imme- diately. It is worth our while, therefore, to give our customers something valuable if they will co-operate with us by sending in their orders at once. It is worth our while to make an attempt to overcome the bugaboo of procrastination, which haunts so many publishers, That is the reason, the only reason, we offer you, in addition to the regular set of 30 volumes, FOUR VOLUMES OF RUD- YARD KIPLING FREE, IN EXACTLY THE SAME BINDING AS THE REST OF THE SET—if you will send in your order at once, instead of waiting, bang. fe Giga 4 ge3 you will believe what we say, instead of thinking this offer is “too good to be true.” What this offer is Here, then, is our offer. The illustra- tion below shows thirty of the world’s greatest masterpieces of literature. These include the finest works of such immortal authors as Shakespeare, Kipling, Steven- son, Emerson, Poe, Coleridge, Burns, Omar Khayyam, Macaulay, Lincoln, Washington, Oscar Wilde, Gilbert, Long- fellow, Drummond, Conan Doyle, Edward Everett Hale, Thoreau, Tennyson, Brown- ing and others, These are books which no one cares to confess he has not read and re-read; books which bear reading a score of times. 4 Pe oad | A “\ t w a ~~ + Ss FREE! 4 Volumes of Kipling If you will order at once instead of waiting An Experiment—not a precedent One word more. This offer, as you can gather, is simply an experiment. It must not be taken as a precedent. We do not know whether it will work. We do not know whether ANYTHING can keep people from procrastinating, for it is cer- tainly a deep-seated. human trait. In any case, we hope it will keep YOU from procrastinating. If you want this set of books—if you feel that eventually you will buy them—we urge you to do it O those of us who have been forced to lead drab, workaday : lives, Kipling opens up a new world Each of these volumes is complete— —the vivid, colorful world of the this is not that abomination, a collection mer rn, a, i Og 4. of extracts; the 30 volumes, pocket size, ix & teen eae Se ee contain over 3,000 pages; the paper is a the wildest imaginings of a roman- high-grade white wove antique, equal to pe ag Ngo gy Phe eg “Bey 2 2 » 1 . that used in books selling at $1.50 to $2.00; the following: The Vampire, and the type is clear and easy to read; the Other Verses, The Man Who Was; binding, while NOT leather, is a beautiful The Phantom*Rickshaw; A Confer- limp material, tinted in antique copper ence of the Powers; The Recru- . descence of Imray; At the End of NOW, instead of LATER, so that you and green, and so handsomely embossed as to give it the appearance of hand tooled the Passage; The Mutiny of the can obtain not only the thirty volumes, Mavericks; My Own True Ghost but the four equally splendid volumes of leather; it is five times more durable than leather! Story. Kipling. Do not send money. Simply What about the price ? mail the coupon below or a letter, The price of this entire set of 30 volumes, exactly as de- scribed and illustrated, is $2.98 plus postage; please bear in mind that there are NO installment payments—no further payments of any kind! LITTLE LEATHER LIBRARY CORPORATION _ Dept. 6612, 354 Fourth Ave., New York City ? 7 7 7 ? = Little 7 Leather Library Corporation Dept. 6612 354 Fourth Avenue New York City Ss Please send me on approval the 30 volumes of the De Luxe edition , 4 of the Little Leather Library (and the four volumes of Kipling free). I will ’ pay the postman $2.98 plus the postage 7 upon delivery. It is understood, however \ that this is not to be considered a purchase. if 7 the books do not in every way come up to expec- tations, I reserve the right to return them any time within thirty days, and you agree to return my money. It is understood that $2.98 plus the postage is positively the only payment to be made on this set. (Outside U.S. price $3.50, cash with order.) PROPOR EERE HEHEHE OH EHH HEHEHE EHH HHE EHH EHH HEHE Ee REPORT HEHEHE EEE EHH HEHEHE HEHEHE EHH HHH EHH HEHE Ee eee were reser eererereeeees The Roycrofters have made a s al set of Hand Hammered Copper Book Ends FS this set. Regular $2.00 value, our price only 49c. If desired place X is this square

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Popular Science Monthly ” — ' Just scales and lull TMeASUTC, 7 inure no man.r-——: \e lull measure of sel fo oe Ie 4 ee foes Wit Foe Kecerver VY EC@ > (E who knows range, 150—3000 metres. adie will tell you ow well the Grebe CR-5 Ten years experience in performs on the daily Satisfying a critical radio concerts, lectures, etc., in public has taught us how the air. to build it for your year- Bt round enjoyment. Two simple tuning yoy adjustments are used. If your Dealer does not Tiresome adjustments, unpleasant interruptions are_yetreeegsary with - sell Grebe Radio Appara- tus, send us his name and rece 4 teresting cir- oa Grebe CRS. Its its. GREBE/ am Wyck Blvd., Rig Genegal Officegigfic W efern Branch—4@1 East 3¢d aes singed shes oheeaniaie: pe dems aks at at ol LE rs Licensed under Armstrong U. S. Patent, No. 1113149, Se ah sue re 4 oa ; ee Be a ates it te ee | tea ihe ren me im i ¥ - wk s

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A new model Kodak—and just in time for Christmas No. 1 Pocket Kodak, Series II with Kodak Anastigmat lens f. 7.7 [Focusing Model] Price $20 Pictures 2% x 3% yee the famous, sharp- cutting Kodak Anastig- mat lens (7.7, with shutter speed controls of 1/25, 1/50 and 1/100 of a second as well as time and bulb action,imme- diately gives this camera photographic prestige, the No. 1 Pocket Kodak, Series II, has other distinctive features. The self-erecting front makes it a quick-action Kodak—the lens automatically snaps in position as the front is dropped. : ‘ The focusing device puts the correct focus at your finger tips. Instead of the familiar scale on the camera bed, the focus is secured by a slight turn of the lens flange and exact focus is thus es- tablished from 5 feet to 100. Autographic, of course, with the new design, counter-sunk slot; well made and handsomely finished. Everybody likes pictures—and here's an tdeal camera Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.Y ., 1%c Kodak city

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Christmas morning — and in come the greatest artists ! The surprise and delight of a Victrola for Christmas! Music appropriate to Christmas; music for every day in the year; music so life- like that the greatest artists select the Victrola \ as the one instrument to carry their art into wut f XY) the home. Buy a Victrola this Christmas— “his MASTERS VOICE but be sure it is a Victrola. $25 to $1500. 2==="Streut irc. Victor Talking Machine Company, Camden, N. J.

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