Popular Science Monthly 1920-06: Vol 96 Iss 6

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Reg.US.Pat0 iH 4" JUNE

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“Well, well— here we are again” ‘ Papeete advertising | keeps telling you that Chester- fields “‘satisfy.” And every day, new hundreds of smokers try Chesterfields and learn the truth—that Chesterfields do ** satisfy.” ee ne Se Aa ee MER ARRESTS day AE Ne Saenger nee ail castbeateR tan os eam a ns AAS ETI: As ™A»TR SESSERe nee ieee ie anion Right now, there are over three million smokers—over three million friends—who know the “satisfying” quality of Chesterfield’s can’t-be- copied blend of fine Turkish and Domestic tobaccos. - - — They know— “They Satisfy.” Kiggettentizsrs Dsbacee® wpe An oe ccamanasemnbe dit papa tand Ae AO Se SR eRe aA NT eT ana oivmeyapalisie eae menen

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Popular Science Monthly June, 1920; Volume 96, No. 6 25 Cents a Copy; $3 a Year Waldemar Kaempffert, Editor Published in New York City at _ 225 West Thirty-ninth Street ay If the Eye Were a Telescope We would enter a world of terrifying splendor at sunset F the human eye should .suddenly I acquire the power of a telescope, so that people could see everything magnified hundreds of times, what a strange sunset would end the day! As the dusk turned. into the darkness of night, a pale light would flood the cerulescent sky, and the most remark- able of sights would be witnessed. Crowds would gather wherever an open view of the horizon could be . obtained. Beyond the line of the ocean’s rim would come a gigantic disk, so strange and mysterious that at first no one would By Latimer J. Wilson mountain-pinnacles and crater-walls hanging threateningly downward to- ward the earth. Men would distrust the power of gravity to hold such a mass of heavy material above their heads. The features of the familiar “moon man” into arid plains pitted with black holes. Curious serpentine valleys, filed with shadows or brilliantly . flashing the fire of sunshine; phantom peaks of mountains protruding from pits of bottomless night; crater-floors marked with fantastic shadows—the would be transformed. eye as a telescope would disclose all these when we looked at the gibbous or the half or the crescent moon! One normally thinks of the rising moon as a disk that is much smaller than a man of average height. But if a man should be seen projected against the disk of the moon when he stands a mile from the observer, he would appear only about one tenth of. the diameter of the lunar disk, and he. would be scarcely visible to the naked eye—unless it possessed the power of a’ telescope. If he stood closer he would be proportionately. recognize it as the moon. Stupendous and terrifying, yet ma- jestic in the lights and shadows of weird scenery, is the moon! If people could see the earth’s satellite with the naked eye as even a moderaie- sized telescope shows it, the strange beauty of Astarte would arouse mankind to its highest pitch of excitement and every hilltop would swarm - with people who had come to witness the moonrise. Magnified a hun- dred or more diam- eters, themoon would fill the sky with its A strange light appears above the sea ing in the flowing currents of magnified air, through which the telescopic vision must penetrate. 21 larger, and if he were farther away. he would be vastly smaller, in propor-' tion to the huge hemisphere of the earth’s satellite. To see the wonders of the heavens and; to include the fa- miliar features of the landscape, the observer would have to occupy a position that com- manded a perfectly clear view. Other- wise near-by ob- jects would intrude their magnified size upon the scene. Having wit-: nessed the moon rise and pass se- renely across the " There are silhouettes grotesquely waver- The light grows brighter and the gigantic disk of the moon appears

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Popular Science Monthly Rings of dust and meteorites surround the globe of Saturn. To see them with- out a telescope would be one of the greatest sights permitted the eye of man heavens, the crowds would now behold a spectacle more fantastic than imagi- nation has ever conceived. Every one could now see the splendor of Saturn, the ring-bound planet which before had been visible merely as a point of light shining steadily among the twinkling stars. This most beau- tiful of worlds comes into the sky in all the majesty of glittering moons and rings, scintillant in the light of the far- away sun. Says Omar: From Earth’s Center through the Seventh Gate I rose, And on the Throne of Saturn sate. Yet the author of the Rubaiyat never saw the ring of Saturn as the telescope reveals it. It Vanishes as You Draw Near At a distance of nearly 800,000,000 miles from the earth, the planet is a conspicuous object softly shining in the darkness of the night. But if one could approach close enough, Saturn would almost vanish, because its sur- face—so greatly magnified and spread over so great an area of the sky— would be far less bright to one’s eyes than when seen with its light con- centrated upon a smaller area. Saturn’s ring is composed of small isolated bodies, each separately too insignificant to be individually seen from the earth. Meteoric dust-clouds, they circle swiftly around the equa- torial girth of the planet. The bodies are evidently more scattered in that portion of the ring closest to the ball of Saturn and also in the outer rim of the ring, while a broad black gap occurs within the ring itself in which there are no visible reflecting bodies. If one could approach very close to the great race-course of the ring, the little masses circling around it would be seen as mere dots of light, and the effect of the beautiful ring would utterly be spoiled. There. are evi- dently vast clouds of tenuous dust, scarcely as dense as the haze of spring, which sweep back and forth across the rings as the forces of gravity and light-pressure operate. The moons of Saturn cause “‘tides’’ in 22 the ring particles and dust-clouds, producing what might be called gravi- tational waves, grinding together the denser masses, and passing in undu- lating motion throughout the plane of the ring. Stars that Swarm by Thousands In certain parts of the heavens can be seen on a dark, clear night a mere hazy patch of luminosity, too faint to attract attention. If the eye were a telescope a marvelous transformation would occur when the observer glanced at one of these spots. Instead of the insignificant wisp of light, scarcely visible, would be seen a magnificent globular cluster of stars! Hidden in the vast distance of space, these curious balls of suns are to be found. Literally thousands of stars are congregated in these mys- terious swarms, and many of the individual members are variable in their light. They become alternately bright or faint in the course of only a few hours, flashing like lazy fireflies.

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June, 1920 The magnificent cluster of stars in Hercules, which appears merely as a speck of light, but which to the eye of telescopic power would résemble a bursting rocket. Suns of many colors are in this swarm in a summer night. If the eye pos- sessed the power to disclose these amazingly beautiful objects, and people could see them associated with the landscape near the horizon, men would crowd every hill to witness the scene. A count of the exceedingly faint mem- bers of the sun-swarm might raise the total number in some of these clusters to 50,000 stars, the brightest streaming from the center in curious spiral arms. It is estimated that the light of one of these clusters is at least 37,000 years, traveling 186,000 miles a second, on its way earthward. Like Rockets Bursting in Air © _ Magnified a hundred or more times, the globular cluster becomes a truly impressive spectacle. Associated with the familiar landmarks on the distant horizon, and magnified many times, the great star-ball, which actually occupies an area in the sky scarcely one sixteenth the apparent space occupied by the full moon, would drop below the horizon like the myriad sparks from a huge bursting rocket, astounding the spectators by its mag- nificence. ‘Can that mere speck of wispy light be that which I now behold?” would ask the spectator, comparing this telescopic object with its normal naked-eye view. Turning toward another point of the horizon, a ball of light, a bright disk three or five times larger than the normal apparent size of the familiar fair lunar orb, could be seen. Shining like a star of dazzling beauty would be a curious white spot attached to the edge of the disk. It is the distinguish- ing feature of the most talked of planet, the earth’s older neighbor in space, Mars. The white spot marks the polar snow of the planet. With the passage of time men would become so accustomed to what the telescopic power of their vision dis- closed that they would no doubt cease to marvel at what they saw. The magnified grandeur of the universe would become commonplace, but there would remain a wide and undiminished intereste in the ever-changing phe- 23 nomena of Mars. The snow-caps, melting in the sunshine of the Martian summer or forming in whiteness during the winter, would ever attract atten- tion. The delicate tints flashing like an opal in the sunlight, the sweep of seasons showing across the vast gap of millions of miles, would always make Mars a subject for newspaper publicity. Enjoying the Martian Scenery If, without a telescope, observers could look at Mars and see its yellow deserts, its areas of blue-green forests and fields, its drifting clouds, and its regions of frost, if they could watch the strange shapes of the planet’s markings as rotation brings them across the disk, the spectators would find such fascination in the views that people would speculate upon how to discover a means of finding out what manner of life prevailed there. The growth and decay of the remarkable streaks called “canals,” thought to be projects of engineering skill producing an abun-

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_ saeeencsaier pennant oon tapes 08 SE RTI NN From three to five times larger than the normal disk of the full moon, Mars, with its gleaming snow-caps, would be astounding if we could see it like this with the naked eye 24 Popular Science Monthly dance ‘of vegetation by irrigating the desert regions of Mars, would be a fertile subject for newspaper contro- versy. Bridges of Flame at Sunset How strange would be the sunset! The enlarged sun, extended over a greater portion of the sky, would be less bright, area for area, than when concentrated in a smaller disk. But one would still have to use a shade- glass to look directly at it. Sun-spots, which “are sometimes visible to the unaided eye, now~could -be seen as great fantastic shapes of darkness strung across the sun’s bright disk. Legend gives the buffalo’s eye the power of magnification. But if the human eye took on the power of even | a small telescope, to include land- marks, such as the Brooklyn Bridge, in the field of view, the observer would have to stand many miles away. Otherwise ‘the bridge itself would eclipse the setting. sun, Man would view the sun, the moon, the star-clusters, and the planets magnified one hundred, four hundred, or one thousand times their naked-eye size. A new heaven and a new earth would be created for human sight. How the eye of telescopic power would see the gigantic sun. It would be too dazzling to view without a shade-glass. The observer’s distance from the bridge would make it small enough to be included in the scene Ji

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June, 1920 SUDDEN violent shock causes the ship to tremble. Soonthepumps of the great liner are set to work, trying to pump out the water from the ship’s hold faster than it pours in through the rentin the ves- sel’s side. Which will win? If turbine- driven bilge- pumps have been installed throughout the vessel, there is a good chance that the rush HEN an airplane has reached the airplane engines from balking at the conditions usually en- highest altitude that is possible for it, it is said, in aviators’ parlance, to have “hit the ceiling.”” To prevent Discovering in the laboratory how a carbu- retor will behave above the clouds Subienmeas the Pump and Save the Sinking -Ship sufficiently to make port. The pump consists of a turbine driving system, power for which is fur- nished by gaso- line, steam, or electricity, the turbine being operated above the submerged compartments while the pump itself is sub- merged. The water passes through open- ings near the base of the pump, and swiftly revolv- ing vanes cre- ate a vacant space, into of water pour- whichthe water ing in will soon rushes, to be be outdone by expelled by the the work of the centrifugal pumps. Then force and sent repairmen will through an out- patch up the Water can’t drown out this pump, which, working while submerged, let in the ship’s ship at least gives a new chance to ships with sides rent by collision at sea bottom. “Reaching the Ceiling” on the Ground atmosphere above the six-mile alti- tude. To avoid the complication of separating the carburetor troubles from those of the rest of the engine, the tests are arranged for the complete isolation of the car- countered high in the air, the \ Bureau of Standards has de- veloped a remarkable testing apparatus. In the labora- tory are artificially created “altitude” conditions, so the carburetor of the airplane engine can be properly given rigorous trials. The decline, in the course of recent years, in the quality of gasoline has thrown a con- stantly increasing strain upon the carburetor of the gas en- gine. An automobile taken from sea-level to work upon a high mountain is likely to develop curious ailments unless forethought has _ pro- vided a carburetor that will function as well eight or ten thousand feet above sea-level as it will in the lowlands. When airplanes fly into the region of thin air, the engine acts somewhat as does the human heart when it is sud- denly carried into a reduced density of atmosphere: it thumps violently against the lessened resistance. There- fore, in the case of the engine as well as in that of the heart, strict attention must be given in advance to make sure that it is strong enough to adapt itself to the change. The Bureau of Standards has created all of the conditions that the car- buretor is likely to meet in passing from dense air at sea-level into the thin 25 buretor. It really is the equivalent of taking this part of the engine upon a fanciful trip where all the conditions of the upper levels are en- countered. The carburetor is mounted in a small chamber where it is possible to alter the atmos- pheric pressure at will. Air can be drawn out with vacuum pumps until only a quarter of the normal pres- sure prevails, and it can be increased to a far greater pressure. In this altitude chamber the duties of all kinds of work, under every conceivable condition, can be imposed upon the carburetor and its performance observed, An engine must stand the severe conditions due to the rapid change from lower to higher altitudes. The engine is the airplane’s heart, throbbing vio- lently when conditions are abnormal. Laboratory tests will enable the me- chanical “heart” to stand the strain.

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eed ee ee 4% elt ESD BEER Good Roads at a Mile a Week N enterprising contractor decided that, instead of building cement roads at the rate of one mile a month, he would build them at the rate of one mile a week. To do this he maintained a “material-yard” in which the road-making material was ar- ranged systematically. Then he built a track along which strings of cars carrying large “batch-boxes” could be drawn from the yard to the cement-mixer. A locomotive crane handled the material, and the box train was pulled to and from the paving scene, a progressive transporta- . tion of the material taking place. The huge boxes, each having a capacity of 55 cubic feet, first were loaded with the neces- sary amount of stone. Then they passed on to the cement hopper, where the re- Popular Science Monthly quired amount of cement was admitted through a metal cylinder holding 5 cubic feet, and so arranged that it could be filled and emptied until enough cement had been added. After this the cars were shunted to the sand- hopper and the proper pro- portion of sand added to the stone and cement. The train of fifteen cars was then sent out to the concrete-mixer. Wheels four feet high with a 20-inch tread en- abled the gigantic concrete- mixer to be moved from place to place as the work advanced. The mixer stood 16 feet high, and a 35- horsepower engine furnished the power to mix 28 cubic feet of concrete to each batch of the aggre- Coasting on the Summer- Winter Sled RESSED in a straw hat, a long veil, a middy blouse, a long skirt, and a pair of flat- heeled shoes, a Viennese maiden takes out her sled. Why the summer outfit? The answer is simple: it is summer. Her sled—as you will see if you gate, weighing more than two tons. © Press Illustraung Service Though it is summer in Vienna, the people go sledding down the hilly streets; their sleds have wheels attached underneath study the picture on the left—is equipped with three rubber-tired wheels that enable her to slide down hills with it in summer- time as well as in the winter. Of course, when there’s snow on the One of the great “‘batch-boxes,”’ which can be easily lifted from the car-bed to empty its load of aggregate into the mixer to be made into concrete One of the locomotive cranes dumping a “‘batch-box’’ into the hopper. It is the use of these great boxes, weighing | more than two tons each, that made the speed of a mile a week in road-building areality Killing Weeds by Steam [F the anti-tobacconists don’t put one over on us some fine day in the near future, then the new tobaccoseed-bed sterilizing process will come into its own. Heretofore the seed-beds have been freed from weeds and undesirable growths by fire. Large quantities of brush were burned on them. But in the new method sterilization is accomplished by steam « A large pan about four inches deep, having a steam-boiler connected with it, is necessary. The pan is turned upside down and sunk into the bed. Then the steam is turned on. A boiler that will furnish a supply of 25 horse- power should be used in connection with a pan that measures six by twelvefeet. A smaller boiler neces- sitates asmaller pan. The pan may be made of wood, but the joints should be smeared with white lead to prevent the possible escape of ' steam. % The sterilization of one thousand square feet of plant bed will cost ap- proximately six dol- lars, since half a ton Tobaccoseed-beds are now sterilized by steam; a steam- boiler and a shallow pan, inverted, will do the job of soft coal will do the job. 26 ground she takes the wheels off. She steers the sled by means of reins that turn the axle on which the front wheel is mounted. The rubber tires make riding easy—except when one of them gets punctured. Safety First for Experimenters in Kite-Flying OWERFUL forces are hidden in the in- visible realm of the atmosphere, which occasionally make themselves known in a highly dangerous manner. When Benja- min Franklin made his wonderful dis- covery, using a metal key and a kite-string to bring the electricity from the sky, the wonder is that he was not electrocuted in the daring attempt. A wet kite-string is a good conductor, making the static discharge between cloud and ground easy. Experimenters flying kites with metal “strings” stand a far greater chance of bringing down the lightning, even when no cloud is in sight. Last August a man was killed when stand- ing near a kite-string of wire while a kite was being reeled in. He held a piece of wire in his hand at the time. A series of bright sparks suddenly ran up the string, and the whole length of the kite-wire, more than a mile, was instantly fused. A scar was burned on the victim’s chest, and there was a severe burn on the inside of his wrist. While these accidents are rare, the fact that they do occur should warn kite-fliers of the possible danger. But during the period of about twenty-five years in which the Weather Bureau has engaged in kite- flying this is the first accident of its kind that has occurred. A dark cloud does not have to be in sight to warn the men who make use of metal kite-strings. Static electricity is al- ways present, and if the kite is sufficiently high to act as a conductor, then look out for the flash. Jun il dc Ther yet i the ¢ guide right: only pilot. recen type about crowe mode mom: prope becar glide great throu to be while little Thi tant | inven W puzzle nuts | that } dence mont] nuts, numb Wh from? The lookin weevil family; which farme As insect boscis is see The mout} worm

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aes ee ee a et ao"! | -=™ June, 1920 Natives of Malekula Island examining a motion-picture machine- They attributed the projected pictures of themselves to magic Gliding Down a Thousand Feet [? was a curious airplane that started downward on a thousand-foot drop...’ There was no one in it to steer it to safety, yet it landed gracefully. “But what about the danger to people on the ground when an airplane comes un- guided to land? Haven’t pedestrians any rights at all?” There is no danger when the airplane is only a model not large enough to carry a pilot. In a contest of fiying models held recently in the city of Los Angeles a strange type of flier was taken up to an altitude of about one thousand feet and released. A crowd watched it from below, and the model was seen to spin around for a moment, caught in the “‘wash’’ of the propellers of the big machine. Then it became stable and gracefully began its long glide of more than a mile. With the greatest interest the crowd watched it through glasses until it drew close enough to be observed with the naked eye. A while later a great shout greeted the strange little airplane’s perfect landing. This biplane model differs in one impor- tant particular from ordinary airplanes, the invention of this type being accredited to ‘Two years ago Mr. and Mrs. Martin Johnson risked their lives on taking motion pic- tures of the savages. They were captured by the vicious chief Nagapate, and had torun for their lives, just managing to effect an escape. But later these in- trepid explorers made another trip to the island, and this time they were Malekula Island’ As Gannibals.-See Themselves received like royalty. What brought about the change of heart of the cannibal king? Mr. Johnson took with him a generator to furnish the light for’a motion-picture projection machine. He hung up a screen between the palm trees, and in the starlit night of the southern seas he exhibited, under the protection of an armed guard, motion pictures of the natives themselves. So amazed were they at seeing their past actions thus preserved that they immedi- ately set the whole thing down as a work of “devil magic” too astonishing to be com- bated. Therefore they figuratively handed over the keys of the island to the white explorers, and the chief personally led them about from tribe to tribe, openly boasting that he had brought them there. Mr. Edwin G. Gettins. In the ordinary biplane the wings are open at the ends and ailerons ° are relied upon to furnish stability. In the new model the frame at the end of the planes is arranged somewhat in the form of a truss. The planes are closed at the ends by the crossing of the top and bottom plane, the top plane bending downward and the bottom plane bending upward. Tipped one way cor another by the sudden onslaught of a current, the flow of the air is controlled by the lines of the crossed section and the plane is stabilized. The model of a new type of airplane is here seen rising rapidly against the wind. It will be noticed that the tips of the planes are bent in a peculiar way that gives stability to the model How the Worm Gets in the Hazelnut HERE did the worm in the hazelnut come from? That question has puzzled many a boy. He knows that the nuts he gathered were carefully culled and that none were stored that gave any evi- dence of being unsound. And yet, a few months later, when he begins to crack the nuts, he finds that a surprisingly large number are wormy. Where did the little fat white worm come from? The worm is the larva of a strange- looking insect known as the hazelnut weevil, an insect that belongs to the same family .as the much-dreaded boll-weevil, which is periodically so destructive to the farmer’s grain. As will be seen in the illustration, the insect is provided with a long, slender pro- boscis, or snout, at the extremity of which is seen a peculiar hooklike appendage. The proboscis is a modification of the mouth parts, and but for this snout the worm would never find its way into the nut. In the late summer, while the nut is still ‘ green and tender, the mother weevil goes in search of a place to lay her egg. The egg must be kept safe from harm during its in- cubating period, and when the larva hatches, it is highly important, from the weevil’s point of view, that there be food close at hand so that the baby weevil will not die a prematurely early death. Instinct has taught the mother weevil that no better place could be found for her egg than the inside of a hazelnut, for there lies safety for her egg and food for her off- spring. So the mother weevil begins to peck away with her queer- looking snout, and in due time she has made a tiny tunnel to the center of the nut. Then she lays an egg, poking it well down into the tunnel with her snout. 27 In a short time nature closes the open- ing and the egg lies safely within, finally hatching into a little white grub. The grub finds food aplenty and grows fat and rotund. When the food is all gone and he is full grown, the baby weevil gnaws his way out of the hazelnut that has sheltered him and is ready for the second step in his development, that all-important step which will transform him into a weevil exactly like his mother. Mother weevil pecks at a green hazelnut and deposits her egg in the center: when it comes to life it ruins the nut

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Popular Science Monthly Peace-Time Jobs for Aerial Photography Photographe by courtesy of Dr. Herbert E. Ives, from “ Airplane Photography” (J. B. Lippincott Company) Sanne i ‘ , _ em % Dal a That white streak across the : Did you realize that “soap- water is the shadow cast by a : _ suds,” made by a ship moving wrecked merchant steamer ‘ through the sea, spread over so twelve fathoms deep. During , . much water? Photographs like the war airplanes were used for . ee this, indicating “how various locating submarines; now they - Se -& ships take the waves, great- are used for locating sunken ships co ly assist the naval architect ee ERAT RE one NRaeReT SH te - i nee ’ rete as tein Aint 8) AL in PRS SN TREE RNs 1) aati pane ~ nner EI (REN ee” REE Se i] : i ) In taking pictures from a high altitude, The same territory was photographed a haze filter is almost always neces- F through an orange filter—see how sary. This picture was taken at an 4 . plainly it stands out? Filters are altitude of 10,000 feet with no filter ' usually made of thin sheets of gelatine, —the haze blotted out the territory ; Ry dyed, and mounted in front of the film ‘ aN aan TPT wy &, ae Two — stereoscopic views of the Obe- lisk at Washington, D. C. They were taken with a ten- inch focus camera provided with a two-aperture focal- plane shutter. The two exposures were made a few seconds apart. Such double If you can’t afford a trip to Venice—the “Bride of pictures are de- The explorer, the geologist, the geographer, and the the Adriatic’’—at least you can attend a lecture on signed for use in a map-maker will find airplane views of the greatest help. it. Travelogue lecturers are now exhibiting aerial stereoscope (see the The whole town of Bengazi, North Africa, is clearly photographs like this one of the Rialto bridge one pictured above) shown in this picture, taken by an Italian aviator 28

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June, 1920 Where There’s a Thirst There’s a Way Photographs © Kadel & Herbert He never truly ap- : preciated his silver cigarette-case until now. By soldering up the sides and leaving ‘a small opening in: the top he can carry around a man-sized drink aa The kerosene: and \ lard that once in- habited this can and tub never dreamed that they made way for a still. Stills are illegal, but if youtake some raisins and other things— He used to keep “it” on his hip, but now he pours “it” intoarubber tube. Does he really think no one will guess why he wears that tube ? Canes are not always what they seem. Sometimes they con- tain umbrellas and sometimes they con- tain (sh-h-h-h) whisky! How those Federal offi- cers do gloat when they tear apart some poor old can and find unlawful liquor within! These aged turpentine cans, shipped from Havana, hold _ saw- dust and—Scotch SNS aac noo ae ed APE ne a cant oe t x ae genes op gamer Formerly he filled his inner tube with “free air”; now he fills it with valuable liquid. i What would occur if he should happen to ae have a blow-out just as he crossed the Cana- i dian border on his way into our dry country? | &

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arracees wears = SBR eee, NA PERI ae ed eg ee Popular Science Monthly lecture that had just been delivered on advanced theo- ries of electrical science. The group had been chatting informally, and the con- versation led up to the ex- perience told by Professor Vedder. Someone had just said that the physical seemed to taper off into the super- physical. The circumstance in ques- tion occurred back in the days when wireless teleg- raphy was under the close - observation of students and investigators, before an- tennae were strung from the house-tops of experimentally inclined boys. Professor Vedder was a student of the new wonder. On the night in question Professor Vedder was sitting over his instruments, in a crashing thunderstorm. with the heavens surcharged to the limit with electricity, was the. matter under ob- servation. Presently, how- ever, -prudence' dictated withdrawal. “IT drew back hurriedly from my apparatus,” said the Professor. ‘‘A flash of lightning ripped into my station, and across one of my instruments there blazed a flaming electric arc. Out of the flame came a human voice—I heard part of a broken sentence. It lasted for an instant. Then the blaze snapped out and the voice ceased. “It was some time after- ward that the explanation was worked out. You per- haps know that an arc light Out of the flaming electric arc there came a human voice; there was part of a broken sentence, then the flame snapped out and the voice with it A Voice Spoke from the Storm But the startled hearer found a scientific explanation of his uncanny experience storm. The voicefell onearsthat knew there could be no one to utter the call. It was a voice apart from ail human relationship. The hearer confesses that his flesh seemed to creep and thrill. And yet, it was the day of the ma- terial present and not the eery time of ghost and goblin. The place was East Lansing, Michigan, and not the domain of witches. It is Professor Herman Vedder, of che engineering department of Michi- A ge out of the night and the gan Agricultural College, who relates the experience. Those who remember their Jules Verne- will remember the thrill with which they read of the message that came over the telegraph line to which it was supposed no one could have access except its makers. Professor Vedder’s experience was like that, only the chance of human agency seemed even more remote. The circumstance was related by the professor to a group that had remained following a meeting of the Lansing Engineers’ Club at the college, and was discussing some phases of a 30 responds to the resonant effect of the human voice. What is known as the ‘sing- © ing arc’ is well known to physicists. That is, a tele- phone circuit is introduced into a current supplying an are light, and out of the arc word vibrations can be made to come. “Now, on the occasion of which I speak, a sudden flash of lightning had formed an are across part of my apparatus. This circumstance befell just at the time the telephone wire leading from the home of one of the other professors had been-blown by the storm across my wireless aerial. The voice was that of the professor’s wife, who was attempting to telephone the grocer. Later she told me what she had said, and the words I had heard fitted in with her sentence. But the first unexplained effect was most un- canny.” How: wireless would act, . lin gor rec ure St: ale art

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1S- he g- se - nd in- he lly sor ion ing in June, 1920 Nature Presents Her Gas Bill And it’s a big one because we must pay for tremendous waste rm. et, zed ity, ob- OW- ted dly said 1 of » of zed Out man fa sted the the . {ter- tion per- light nant oice. sing- ~ n to tele- uced ig an e arc made ich I r had ' my befell wire yf the yy the” The wife, ne the it she heard it the st un- . ton for coal. By Calvin Frazer VERY year the American people E pay out millions of dollars -for the natural gas they don’t get. When a town in the gas belt is forced to turn from natural to arti- ficial gas because the local supply of the former is exhausted, the citi- zens of that town are put to heavy expense in reconstructing the heat- ing and lighting arrangements of their homes, stores, and factories. This happens, on an average, in fifteen American towns each year. Incidentally, an added strain is placed upon the nation’s.coal sup- ply, and we all pay a little more a ,When a number of steel plants and glass works are forced to turn from natural gas to coal, we all pay a little more for steel and glass. In such ways nature is presenting her belated bill for a commodity that we once thought was as free as air and water. We are paying for the gas we don’t get, and, to make matters more exasperating, we are paying for billions and billions of cubic feet of this precious fuel that we never did get, because it was deliberately. thrown away after being brought out of the earth. A long time has passed since we learned by bitter experience that the supply of natural gas is really limited; yet the colossal waste still goes on. According to estimates recently prepared by the Fuel Ad- ministration, the amount of nat- ural gas wasted in the United States in the year 1917 was equiv- alent to $1,200,000,000 worth of artificial city gas. How Gas Is Wasted Here are a few of the many ways in which natural gas is wasted: Gas is. always found at oil-wells, and only a small percentage of this gas is ever turned to account. It is a com- mon practice of oil operators to blow off the gas in order to procure the oil. Many fine gas-fields have been de- pleted by this process. It is stated that the oil-wells of West Virginia alone are thus wasting annually at least seventy billion cubic feet of natural gas, equivalent to about one third of all the natural gas used for domestic consumption in the United States. At both oil and gas-wells gas is wasted through improper casing of the bore-hole, improper plugging of aban- doned wells, and in various other ways. © Courtesy Hercules Powder Co. Natural gas that is captured and piped to the consumeris very rarely used'to the best'advantage. Under The gas-well was on fire! A flame by day and night, visible many miles away. It leaped 200 feet in the air, permitting 190,000,000 cubic feet of gas each day to be consumed stress of competition the gas-fields are oOver-produced, and the under- ground pressure of the gas is soon dis- astrously lowered, often resulting in the invasion of the wells by water. The old practice of selling natural gas at a flat rate of so much to the consumer, or at so much to a fire or other fixture—no meter being installed—survives in many places, thus putting a premium on waste. ‘‘Boom”’ towns still lure the manufacturer by offering gas for noth- ing, or at a ridiculously low rate. Wasteful open-flame torches, or flam- beaux, are still found in the gas belt. There are two salient features of the situation that seem not to have been generally reali#ed until recently. One is that natural gas ought not ~ $1 J : © Courtesy Hercules-Powder Co, The same gas-well fire as it looked at night. Great fires like this canbe ex- tinguished only by dynamite exploded in the air at the side of the flame to be used for industrial purposes at all. It is‘an ideal fuel for the household, and, where the domestie consumer might enjoy an ample supply af a very low cost for generations if the gas were all allotted to household use, the de- mands of factories soon result in the decline and failure of even the richest -gas-fields, so that. both householder and manufacturer are driven to using a far more expen- sive and less convenient fuel. The other important lesson to be drawn from the history of this industry is one directly opposed to the exist- ing attitude of the government toward unity of action among the operators. Competition leads to stupendous waste. Pooling of opera- tions should be not only permitted, but encouraged or made obligatory. A Source of Gasoline Natural gas is a blessing that brightens as it takes its flight. To-day, when all the world is clamoring for gasoline, we know that our rapidly- waning store of natural gas is one of the readiest sources of this substance. Nearly all natural gas contains gasoline vapor. The gas that issues from oil- wells, known as “wet” or ‘“‘casing- head” gas, contains upward of three fourths of a gallon of gasoline to each 1,000 cubic feet of gas. The natural gas obtained from gas-wells is rela-

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ee < * errant eta — Sree ge tively “dry” or lean in gas- oline vapor; yet it carries enough of this ingredient to cause serious trouble clong the pipe-lines, in which the condensed gas- oline decomposes the rub- ber couplings. Unappreciated Gasoline A few years ago the gaso- line in natural gas was looked upon as a nuisance. Today it supplies about one tenth of all the gasoline used in this country. Nat- ural-gas gasoline is highly volatile, and is used for mix- ing with petroleum distill- ates too heavy to be sold alone as gasoline. The original methods of extract- ing gasoline from natural gas—by compression and condensation — were appli- cable only to “wet” gas. Within the last three or four years, however, a new process whereby “dry” gas may also be treated, has been introduced with great success. In this process the gasoline vapor is first absorbed from the gas by means of oil, and then dis- tilled from the latter. The latest episode in the story of natural gas came to light just after the Great War, when it was an- nounced that methods had been developed for extract- ing helium from natural gas of low heating value found chiefly in Kansas and Some burning gas-wells can be controlled by placing a hood over the flame

Getting the hood in position. Cables are swung for a trolley, and the great metal hood is pulled directly over the flame; then it is released 32 Popular Science Monthly:

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Here in the gasoline still the precious by- products are extract- ed, improving the quality of the gas Texas. It was proposed to use the helium, which is non- inflammable and non-explo- sive, as a substitute for hydrogen in filling balloons and airships. The abrupt end- ing of hostilities delayed the execution of this plan, but possible commercial uses of helium are under considera- tion, including its substitution for nitrogen in filling incandes- cent lamps. Value of Helium Every day brings attention to the increasing value of the natural gas that men formerly permitted to go to waste. If all the value that was then turned out into the air could be corralled and brought back to the service of industry, the coffers of the world would be considerably richer thereby. If all of our army balloons dur- ing the war had been inflated with helium, a product ‘of natural gas, there would have been greater safety. A dirig- ible filled with hydrogen, or one of the immense Zeppelins inflated with the inflammable gas, is a menace unless special af precautions are taken to ~ ground it properly and pre- vent a static discharge from setting it afire. Many a bal- loon has blown up when com- ' ing in contact with a minor object that.could conduct the charge of electricity, but with helium there is no danger from this source,

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June, 1920 The natural gas is piped away to the service lines, distributed to consumers, or sent to stills where by-products are condensed from it. Gasoline and other useful substances are squeezed from gas that in former days was allowed to escape and be lost DOTTED LINE SHOW BRADEN HEAD THAT MAY BE USED TO CONNECT. TUBING AND CASING SOAS TO 4 COLLECT: ANY GAS THAT MAY. COME pie Me CASING FROM STRATA ELL SSION SYSTEM DOWN FRO DISCHARGE LINE FROM W' TO TRANSMI —_ Showing the rel- ative amount of natural gas that is used for do- mestic and for in- dustrial purposes ; i] y asout 2 MILE GROUND SURFACE THUS USUALL SEVENTEEN OTMER STATES THIS RUBBER PREVENTS THE REDUCED TO POSSESS! INSIDE THE PACKER GAS GOING UP AROUND THE: TUBING AND THE GAS Is T Diagram of a gas-well. A ‘“‘packer,”’ or plugging device, is fastened in. the .casing im-, mediately above the gas-bearing stratum, the gas being forced by its own expansion into -the tubing to the transmission pipes. “4 CONSUMPTION W UNITED STATES #100 J —m mm men =v + PENNSYLVAN/ Shooting an oil-well opens the way for a great “blow-off”? of sand and natural gas. The friction of the sand’ against the iron pipe often causes sparks, and these sometimes set fire to the gas 33 WEST VIRGINIA de Leas ae al

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: ii : Popular Science Monthly | ea | Get Your Own Goat WéAEBE would I keep her? That’s what you say when some anti- food-trust enthusiast suggests that you ~ get a milk goat. Mr. J. Brown, of Evanston, IIl., suggests that you keep her in your back yard. He has invented a goat stall that is easily and cheaply built and takes up little space. It is made of wooden beams, covered with canvas that rolls up convenier tly. The floor is made of concrete and is easily cleaned. A bucket for the goat’s food hangs from the top beam. The whole stall is hardly any larger than the goat herself. Thus, in cold and stormy weather it can be moved to the cellar. A good goat will cost about thirty-five dollars and will eat food that a cow would spurn; yet she will produce better and more nutritious milk than a cow. A goat produces twelve times her weight in milk in one milking period, Ried Apes Posie seas mss erie —— a nee ea —- a afore ne oe ado td aaenany oe nant By using an adjustable hinge, the ceiling” fan may be induced todo double work A Folding Fan Increases Air Currents “DUT a hinge on the ceiling fan, partly fold back the blades, and the air will be distributed over a greater area of the room. But this is not all: you can fold the blades entirely up and put a bag over them!” This is what the man who has a folding ceiling fan has to say about it. The hinge may be attached to any fan after the blades have been sawed off. Then anybody can make the adjust- ments by merely loosening three thumb- screws. Partly folded upward, the blades, when they are revolved, will cut the air in such a manner as to throw the currents outward and downward over a wider area of space than usual. In winter-time, when the fan is no longer needed, the blades may be folded upward, and a bag, kept in the small tube in the fan stem, may be taken out and adjusted - around the blades, thus protecting them during the idle months. Mr. A. W. Tucker, chief engineer of the Hotel Tulsa, in the city of Tulsa, Okla., is the inventor of this Very ingenious device. a cow only four times her weight. - Goats are cheap andthe milk. good. Why not keep one in your back yard? Sailors-on the Half-Shell WHEN EVER United States battleships set out for maneuvers the sailors rejoice. They like the excitement and the sport of mimic warfare. Below you see some of them playing “‘oyster’’ on the deck of one of the battleships. They are all on half-shells. These half-shells are parts of mines. During the maneuvers mines are laid, guns fired at targets, and submarines attacked. One of the targets is in the picture. This little llama was born knock-kneed ; but his keeper is correcting the defect Trials of a Knock-Kneed Young Llama NOCK-KNEED llamas are just as un- * attractive as knock-kneed men, and in both cases the defect should be remedied when they are young. One baby llama that lives in the Cincin- nati Zoo was born with these ingrowing knees, and his keeper strapped them up in a pair of iron braces. At first the baby objected; he refused to walk or even stand up when they were on. But his grouch gained him naught, and in a little while he was frisking about with the rest of his family. Every day his keeper drew the straps a little tighter, and in five months his legs were perfectly’straight. When he grows old enough to care about his good looks he will undoubtedly be thankful for this deed of his keeper. In the Age of Machinery! ROUND and around in the same old circle goes Mr. W. W. Pigue, of Presidio, Tex. He is harnessed to a bar that turns a capstan. And thus he works an irrigating-pump connected with a reservoir on his ranch. This primitive method of operating a pump is very laborious and seems un- a | necessary in this great age of machinery. : But perhaps there is no large source of power near Mr. Pigue’s ranch—which, by the way, is located very near the Mexican border. err = = Rk GS ae These sailors on the half-shell are ready to take part in a mimic warfare; the shells they are sitting in are parts of mines By tramping around and around he operates an irrigating-pump on his Texas ranch

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June, 1920 © Underwood & Underwood - Hats and sleeves indicate wealth in Mon- golia; small fortunes are spent on them By Their Hats Ye Shall Know Them OMEN’S hats have often aided in man’s financial downfall, but the man from Mongolia suffers most. He saves money all his life with but one object in view—to buy: his wife a hat that will be more elaborate than that of the wife of his neighbor. Even a poor man will spend at least two hundred dollars on a hat and a pair of sleeves to go with it. Hats and sleeves are indications of wealth in Mon- golia. What strange hats and sleeves they are! The sleeves are twice as long as they need to be and have ugly puffs at the shoulders. And the hats—a milliner would call them toques with horns standing out on each side. Braided hair switches are tacked on. Lunch, Twenty Cents (CONGRESS is still working on the prob- lem of the cost of living, but a Wash- ington man is solving it. In a sanitary paper box he puts up a “Liberty lunch” consisting of two sand- wiches, a piece of cake, and an apple or an orange, and sells them at twenty cents a lunch. He packs the lunches in wooden chests and sells them on the street. At first the chests were placed on the edge of the sidewalk, and the lunch sold from it. But local restaurant men called attention to a city regulation that pro- hibits the use of the streets for business purposes, and the twenty-cent lunch was seriously threatened. Then the restaurant man discovered that there is another city regulation that allows the sale of articles from moving carts; so he put wheels on the chests and continued business. Putting a lunch chest on wheels also put it within the law The “ Movies’ ”’ Ancestor Sis desire to produce pictures in motion was partly satisfied in ancient Java long before the dream of Edison was realized. But these fore- fathers of the ‘“‘movies’”’ were crude af- fairs compared with the simplest of modern motion-pictures. A feature of the ancient movies was the telling of the story in spoken words. From a sheet of deer-skin clever artists cut figures to illustrate the story. The curious figures are held so their shad- ows are cast upon the screen, and moved about animatedly. Shadow pictures presented to the United States Museum by the King of Siam A Double-Decker. Airplane [)OUSie DECEER airplanes have re- cently madetheir bow with the appear- ance of a new Italian triplane. With four propellers to keep the giant flier in the air, the forty people who are seated comfortably in the double-decked fuselage are safely transported from placé to place. Think of an airplane having two decks! Who can forecast the limit of the number of wings and the number of engines and the number of decks that the future generations will witness in travel by means of airplanes? It staggers the most vivid imagination. The balance between motive power, weight, and area must, of course, be con- fined within certain limits. When one looks at the fossil remains of some of the ancient gigantic birds and lizards that had the power of flight, it is not unreasonable to speculate on the possible forms of man- built flying-machines. “© Kade! & Herbert The new Italian triplane carries forty © Press Illustrating Service Although he has embraced a new faith, the Maori still keeps his totem-pole In the Land of the Maoris PRESENT-DAY Maoris are nominally Christians, but there are many old chiefs who are still fond of their ancient totem- poles. Their religion is that of nature- worship combined with the veneration of ancestors... A peculiar and interesting detail of their religion is the belief that the souledwells in each human being’s left eye. The Maoris were enthusiastic cannibals in by-gone days, their favorite dish being roasted hearts. Eating the hearts of their enemies was supposed to give them strength, especially in the pursuit of war- time activities. As for the Maoris’ marriage laws, they seem to have had none, But they believe very strongly that man. should have absolute power over woman. Even today they have very broad views on the subject of matrimony, and each man generally takes unto himself as many wives as he can afford to maintain, people and is driven by four engines. Its unique feature is a double-decked fuselage SNE 2 I SRE IRATE TA RARE

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Popular Science Monthly If Your Child Swallows a Safety-Pin HAT serious | situation arising when foreign objects such as beans, corn, nut kernels, nails, tacks, staples, etc., are inhaled into the lungs formerly re- quired extensive and highly danger- ous operations or still more danger- ous blind efforts at removal. Less than one per cent of such objects are coughed ‘out again, and if the object is al- lowed to remain, various degrees of lung inflammation result. Nut kernels, par- ticularly those of the peanut, have been found to cause the most rapid, seri- ous, and sometimes fatal results, when drawnintothelungs by young children. The presence of a peanut in the lungs of a child under one year of age has caused death in- side of twenty-four hours. The older the child, the less se- vere the reaction. Peanuts or peanut candy should never be given to children before they have teeth to chew them thoroughly. Metallic objects seem to be less irri- tating to the lower air passages, but if they are not re- moved _ extensive lung changes occur, sometimes simulat- ing tuberculosis with such exacti- tude that patients with foreign objects in the lung have been treated in san- atoriums for this disease.

Be careful what you put in your mouth. This remarkable collection was made of the foreign bodies removed fromthe lungs, esophagus, and stomach of a great surgeon’s patients re

No longer is an operation necessary for the removal of foreign bodies in lungs, esophagus, and stomach

An open safety- pin in the left lung: no longer is an operation necessary to remove obstacles

Instruments used for the blood- less removal of foreign bodies from the lungs, esophagus, and stomach. Great skill and dexterity are necessary for this highly specialized work

In fact, it complete when the foreign body is was formerly taught that patients with removed. these casesa foreign body will be found to be the cause of thetrouble. The ac- cident .may have happened in early childhood and been forgotten. <A collar button is reported to have been re- moved from the lung after twenty- six years’ sojourn, a shawl --pin © after twenty-eight years, and an open safety- pin. after eighteen years in the lung. ° One of the great- est advances in modern surgery is the development of a method by means of which these for- eign bodies can be removed from the lungs, the gullet, or the stomach with- out any cutting whatever. The technic has been elaborated, instru- ments modified and devised, and the method made prac- ticable by the life- work of an Ameri- - can laryngologist who has removed more foreign bodies than any other per- son in the world. In his method a slender hollow brass tube is inserted through the open mouth into the windpipe and down intothelung. The far end of the tube contains an electric light bulb about the size and shape of an oat, which illumi- nates the interior of the lung, enabling the surgeon to see the obstacle and re- move it with long, slender forceps passed through the hollow tube. This tube is called a bronchoscope. Similar tubes, used to remove objects

foreign bodies in the lungs ultimately died from pulmonary tuberculosis. Re- cent studies have proved this incorrect, for the tubercle bacillus has never been found in these cases, and recovery is All patients suffering from chest conditions should be studied with the aid of the X-ray, particularly when no tubercle bacilli have been found in the sputum; for in a certain percentage of 36 from the gullet or esophagus, are called esophagoscopes, while still longer elec- trically lighted tubes, termed gastro- scopes, may be passed through the esophagus into the stomach. BEIGE OPES One Sea as

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aa s MRAP AS EA ere, Ae ae ae ps ised piace a, OS ino ray ry a At the Ford Chemical Laboratory experts study problems of carburetors, gasoline, oils, and metals Working Miracles in Your Own Business need in business and in daily life a better chemical view of things. I don’t mean that everybody should be a_profes- sional chemist, but rather that every- body should maintain enough of a sense of the subject to have, let us say, a chemical conscience; an occasional appreciation of what might be done, as compared with what is done. Suppose you and the editor of this magazine and I were three friends going to see a fourth friend who lived in the country, five miles ftom the sta- tion, and that we hired a man with a | BELIEVE we Theodore N. Vail says: “Research, in- vestigation, experiment are now necessary to hold any position in any industry” By Ellwood Hendrick horse and wagon to carry us out to his house. Suppose we ‘three E once knew a chair manu- power, and coal and iron, and minerals ga- lore; we can grow almost anything that answers the call of the sun; and we want to see our own American people prosperous as well as good. We know that, unless the whole world comes to an end, some day we shall be dead and gone, while another generation will live here; and that after it passes away there will be still others in residence; and so on and on and on, as long as there are people. We do not know those unborn persons, although some of them S may be close relatives ELLWOOD HENDRICK of ours, and eyen our own descendants. But just because we don’t know them is no rea- were very fond of horses —that we knew how to take care of them and hated to see them abused. Then sup- pose that the driver had the animal checked up out of all reason, and that he kept yanking the bit and teasing the poor creature and abusing it until it didn’t know what to do. _ If he let his abuse go too far, I have a distinct idea, knowing the editor, and being alive to my own - facturer who could not un- derstand why his chairs fell apart. He bought the best materials. Finally he consulied a chemist; and the chemist reperted: “You think you are buying glue. You are actually buying a sort of starch paste which absorbs water from the air. Thisis why your chairs fall apart.” Theodore N. Vail, distin- guished organizer of the tele- phone system, says: “‘Re- search, investigation, experi- ment, comprehensive and thorough, are now necessary to hold in position any industry and utility enterprise.” Men have spent huge-sums in fitting out expeditions to dis- cover buried treasure. If they would only dig up the treasure that lies buried in their own business! Mr. Ellwood Hendrick who has done much to drive home the importance of research in industry, tells us here what sci- ence can do fcr any manufactur- ing enterprice to which it is seriously ap’ .lied.—EDITOR. of three husky persons opposed to either, son why we should steal from them. When a burglar sets out to ply his trade he does not, as a rule, know the man whose house he robs. He would, however, have hard work to find a jury that would acquit him on that ground. The law says he mustn’t steal from anybody; and if we had a chemical con- science we should feel that we mustn’t do so whether the anybodies in impatience, and guessing the reader to be another of the same sort, that before we had traveled very far we should make that man behave, and cause him, with the overpowering firmness one, to quit his abuse of the poor beast. Now, here we live in a country re- plete with natural wealth. We have good land—splendid land—and water 37 question have been born yet, or will not be born for a hundred years. Whenever we waste coal or oil or natural gas or any of our mineral wealth, we are doing that very thing.

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a haprsaonaaonas ~T Nn ene oe peeerennennrs veces snap ar’ Sires an aabecas wh wie tthe Si ai ye Courtesy of J. H. Ladew Company Here sole leather is made from hides placed in the tan- ning vats shown in the fore- ground. Before being tanned the hides are placed in a weak solution of lime; then they are subjected to a ‘“delim- ing’’ process to prevent the danger of brittleness and bad color in the finished product So if we had enough chemical sense—not stowed away in some corner of our minds and forgotten, but alive in our consciousness— we should frequently feel, in looking at every-day things, very much as would the three of us in the wagon of that unscrupulous man who abuses his horse. The Chemical Eye Let’s look at a big, high- pressure locomotive with the eye of chemistry. It is magnificent in its power, and this we admire, just as we naturally admire bigness and strength in almost any- thing. But it is propelled by expanding steam, and every puff from its cylinders wastes a lot of power and blows out great quantities of producer gas and _par- ticles of coal, all of which would be valuable as fuel. The old engine is an outrageous wastrel, and just be- cause we do not know how to make better machines is no reason why it should not be improved. If we only appreciated the real fact that every bit of coal wasted increases the cost of living, the improved and more econom- ical engines would soon be forth- coming. Necessity is the mother of invention, and when enough people tell somebody who is wasting coal that he should stop wasting it, he is likely to find some way to do so. | Be 1 HERS a © Keystone View Co. The tanning industry demands the utmost of chemistry. The barks that yield tannin are ground into a coarse powder and subjected to processes of disintegration. outer layers of the bark contain the bulk of the tannin It is the business of science to do the impossible. When we get to the point where we are bound to admit that a thing that should be done can’t be done with the means at hand, then is the time to call in the aid of the man of science. Let us review, first, a few industries that have been saved or helped by this means, and then point out a few mere where the man of science is neec 2d. ' The smelting industries of the West- ern States were in sore distress. Fumes and dust were spread about the coun- try where they were located, until the farmers appeared with injunctions, which are weapons more effective than pitchforks. To the men of sluggish 38 Popular Science Monthly mind there was nothing to do but to engage lawyers to contest the injunc- tions; but that did not change condi- tions. his business discovered the patent applications of Dr. Frederick G. Cot- trell, a junior professor of physical chemistry at the University of Cali- fornia, and observed that he claimed, by means of electric currents of very light voltage, to precipitate particles in suspension in ‘he air. He was in- duced to engage in research to meet their problems, and soon the smelter dust and fumes were precipitated, the damage ceased, and the worst troubles were over. The Paper Need By grinding wood into a fine powder under water mechanical pulp was made, and the cheapest, poor- est kind of paper was manufactured from it. It had neither strength nor lasting qualities, be- cause the cellulose is so mixed with impurities that it oxidizes and turns into dust. Good paper was made from cotton and linen rags, but there weren’t rags enough to go around. . In the need, a Philadel- phia ‘chemist named Tilghman discovered that sulphurous acid ___ dissolves the encrusting - substances from the cellulose in wood fiber, thus producing sulphite pulp, from which fine papers are now made. Iron _ blast-furnaces were known to turn out more iron in winter than in summer, but the fact was attrib- uted to the inability of men to work as well in hot weather as in cold. The Good old ironmasters ; and sons of ironmasters knew this as the first principle of their trade. But in time they began to think of chemistry in smelting iron, and then men knew that there must be another cause, and that this must reside within the furnace rather than in the men out- side it. So James Gayley, an American chemist and engineer, bore in mind the simple fact that the maximum humid- ity of warm air is greater than that of cold air. In other words, warm air can carry more water suspended in it than cold air can. Let’s imagine a cubic mile of air at 95° F., and charged with 100 per cent humidity—that is, carrying as Vapor all the water that it can. Then let’s cool it down to the freezing-point, to 382° F., allowing Finally somebody who knew . pe.

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EERE SA oS Si A ne ‘28 i. oi oe a} g Rosa a4 Re yeh ae pS. _ arenot being done: a few June. 1920 the air to carry all the water in suspen- sion that it is possible to carry at the freezing temperature. How much water do you think would be forced out of that cubic mile of air by the sudden shift in temperature from 95° to 32°? Only a trifling matter of 140,000 tons, or about 35,000,000 gallons! Inventions Come with Need Gayley knew this, and he realized how much heat was wasted in driving off the water that was blown into the blast-furnaces in the summer-time. So he proceeded to refrigerate the air before it was used—to cool it with an ice-machine to get the water out of it. This expedient did exactly what Mr. Gayley expected it would do, and saved from one to two dollars a ton on the cost of iron made from that time forth. These inventions come along about the time when people begin to worry and fret about the cost of things. It is very seldom that they come like a great gift out of a clear sky. They come when they are wanted and needed, and every- body says so; when not only one man but a great many men are anxiously looking for them. ThomasA. Edisonsays that 98 per cent, of his so- called genius is perspira- tion and not more than 2 per cent is inspiration. Now for a few things that should be done, but places where the man of science is needed. ; Speaking of the waste of burning coal in fur- naces and under boilers, why do we not burn pow- dered coal blown in with compressed air, as they do in cement-mills? By this: means practically complete combustion is obtained. The trouble is, the heat is too great, and it warps the boiler-plates. It need: to be dif- fused. In other words, we get, at a greatly reduced rate, too much of a good thing. The Great Necessity All that is needed is the diffusion of heat, so as to spread it over a greater surface and to take care of the _ ash better. Of course, it can’t be in- vented by somebody who thinks he sees a light when he thinks of a fire- brick; but somebody with an under- standing of physics and a flair for refractories will invent it some day, and then we shall not be bothered with stokers afloat and ashore, and we shall oiled to prevent cracking. Courtesy of J. H. Ladew Company The tanned hides, now made into sheets of leather, must be The “blubber” oil or other substance used in oiling the leather is manipulated in a great drum save coal, which is so necessary as to constitute a virtue. It was, as I recall it, about 1911 or 1912 that Dr. Arthur D. Little and his staff made an investigation of the long- leaf pine industry of this country. These figures have been printed many times, but they will bear repeating. One third of the wood cut is saved and the rest is wasted. The stumps remain in the soil indefinitely, and cause it to be of little value. Out of these stumps and the rub- bish that is burned there is (or, rather, there was at the time) a daily waste of 40,000 tons of paper, 3,000 tons of rosin, 300,000 gallons of tur- pentine, 600,000 gallons of ethyl or. grain alcohol, together with the fuel 39 Courtesy of American Writing Paper Company In the manufacture of the fine grades of linen paper, from boiling the rags, through the bleaching to the final beating, chem- istry works its magic. Here in the great beaters a number of complicated chemical processes take place, few of which are thoroughly understood for these industries, be- sides the lumber we get as it is. The recovery of some of the products is just beginning. We need a new bleach- ing agent in place of chlo- rine. The price of cotton is away up, and it is not growing more plentiful. Production of cotton goods is not increasing, and all of us, rich and poor alike, have to wear shirts and. underwear. Studying Cotton In some exhaustive laundry tests directed by W. F. Farragher it was found that men’s collars that were washed and also bleached broke after from seven to nine turns through the laundry, while a control series, which had been washed, but not bleached, stood twenty-five similar turns before they gave out. -Cotton thread that broke with a weight of 1,750 grams was washed and bleached twenty times by the regular. laundry methods; then it broke with a weight of 100 grams. Thus we keep buying cotton cloth at present prices, and destroying it, not by wear, nor yet by washing it clean, but by bleaching it. There’s no use in scolding or grum- bling or finding fault with people for not doing what we do not know how to do ourselves. These problems are

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i ane “oy planeta carly ve ons te AON ee 7 a seeallieneitands solved by research rather than by lucky strikes in invention. When it became necessary to detect submarines _in order to win the war, to find out where they were so that they might be destroyed with depth bombs; the mails were full of proposals and inventions sent from all over the country to the Naval Advisory Board. Not onein ten thousand of these happy thoughts was worthy of-attention. The solution was reached by ten selected men, all of them physicists of the first rank, work- ing in collaboration with selected col- leagues from Allied countries. There isn’t any such thing as democracy in science in the sense that one man is entitled to the same consid- eration as another. The more a man knows, the keener his understanding andthe livelier and more active his imagination i is in regard to the workings of atoms and molecules and ions and the forces of nature, the more superior is he to the rest of us, in the scientific sense. It is very much as if we were on a ship at sea, when the problem to be solved is to steer the right course to reach our destination. Experience teaches us that it is better to was chrome-tanned in the new way. Leather is scarce and high. But it was neither a fisherman nor a tanner who added shark-skins, which are rapidly coming into the present supply. It was Dr. Allen Rogers, of Brooklyn, who teaches industrial chemistry at the Pratt Institute and conducts a course on the technology of tanning. A great number of machines could be made much lighter than they are by the use of proper alloys of steel to meet the requirements of each member of the apparatus. Farmers’ Problems How does it come that farmers buy “complete” and mixed fertilizers, com- posed of small amounts of needed chemical bodies mixed with large amounts of filler,and pay heavy freight charges on what might cost them but a fraction of their present expense? The only trouble is that we don’t know enough yet—don’t know what our soils require and what our crops demand; and so we put on, in effect, a patent medicine, which is likely to con- tain what is:needed as well as what is Popular Science Monthly not. But think of the expense! I repeat, however, there is no use in scolding unless .we are ready and competent to go to the farmer and tell him just what to do and how to do it. We could go right on down the list through nearly every industry and point out where science can help. The main thing is to know this and to feel it. Then we can:ask for help, and very often we can get it. Itis not chemistry © alone that is needed, however. There’s botany, for instance, that we used to ‘think. a ‘pleasant study for young ladies and children, on the ground that it would -not corrupt their tender minds. But some remarkable hybrid trees have been developed that produce wood as firm and as good as the original wild trees, but which grow to maturity with surprising rapidity. It is time to begin to think of those trees in problems of reforestation, and to en- courage the botanists and foresters and arborists to go on with the good work. There’s another thing to be borne in mind in bringing about these improve- ments. They have to be paid for, and they cost a lot of money: first, for the research in laboratories; then for leave that problem to the captain, who is familiar with navigation, than for a thousand passengers who are not familiar with navi- gation to offer their advice, their opinions, and their notions of what is the best thing to do. Some Tanning Discoveries Tanners have needed chemical help for a long time. We used to think that the longer the time spent in tanning the better the leather was bound to be; but it is not so. What is needed is good head-work rather than mere wait- ing. When the pelts of animals are allowed to remain moist they rot, whereas if they are dried they become hard and heavy. The art of tanning consists in converting that animal matter in the hides which will rot into permanent material at the same time soft and flexible, according to the use to which the leather is to be put: . The work must be done thor-”: oughly, but it is just as easy:to.> os soak a hide too long as hot! enough. - a Chrome tanning of leather’ ; was undertaken abroad — by: : cumbersome and_ ineffective. methods. A much better process — had been worked out and pat- ented in America, but it was overlooked and forgotten by the tanners until they engaged areal chemist to look into the subject generally. He developed the American process for them, and soon 95 per cent of all the upper leather produced in the country > ae me TOPS ANO om yee r “E , | - pe Peis CULLS 22.35% (RED AND ROTTEN, 4.4 eM SUANINGS “SHINGLES — PATH mem COGS 70.55% iam ou das . When this fine Jong-leaf pine: tree ie: cut déwn, two thirds of it -is. destroyed as:waste. Acccrd- ing to an investigatisn” made about, ten years ago, if the entire tree were used, as it should be, the long-leaf pinc: industry would yield every day in America 40,000 tons‘of paper, 3,000 tons of rosin, 300,000 gallons of turpentine, and 600,000 gallons of ethyl or grain alcohol, to- gether with the fuel for these industries, in addition to the lumber that we now obtain 40 x. - ~ x ‘ NEEDLES AND TWIGS 2.25% fh de by cake Ge oh Lee R 2-IN. 2 sae oa SLABS, EDGINGS; AND?! © industrial development, because factory work is different from laboratory work; and finally for introduction. A ‘patent lasts seventeen years, . but: it_ usually takes. from eight to. ten’ years for a successful inyention to de- velop, if it involves any change in the habits of persons. W e F ight Anything Mew It is really surprising how we fight against:.anything that is new. We do this because we don’t want to be misled, and there are unfortunately. always to mislead us; and: this makes us wary. But why do we have to be wary?. Because we whether a proposal really has merit or not: If we knew more we should not need to be so cautious: Then, too, very. often we think we know when we do not. It requires rich men who can afford the risk to foster inven- tions, but our income tax laws discourage them from doing so, because if the invention fails they lose their money, whereas if it succeeds well enough to make the chance worth taking, the pro- ceeds are taxed away. I am not complaining against the income tax with its surtax on large earnings; I am merely stating the fact that it hinders the devel- opment of inventions, of which some are sorely needed for the general welfare. some: persons who are ‘seeking : do not know.’ enough to tell : eae URE the bs aed Se :

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oe June, 1920 HE “unit plan” of school housing is coming to stay, in the opinion of officials of the United States Bureau of Education. It substi- tutes for the usual large factory-like building a series of cottage school- rooms clustered about a central campus. Born in the West, it has been em- ployed most extensively in Colorado and California. Open-air schools have practically doubled in number each year since they were first introduced in Providence, R. I., in 1908. There’ are now more than six hundred such schools in the United States. In the unit plan a single room or several, as re- quired, may be built on to meet the growing needs of the particular local- ity, the increased school space keeping pace with the increase in school enroll- ment. Since each class is housed by itself in one small one-story structure, there is less chance of fire. If by any chance Making Crates of the Once Useless Cottonwood strips are made into egg-crates, butter-boxes, and baskets; the wood is white and odorless COTTONWOOD board or strip will curl up like a_ cart-wheel soon after it is cut. If you try to straighten it out by nailing it down, you will find that the wood is strong © enough to twist back to its warped shape and take ail the nails with it. Is it any wonder, then, that cottonwood lumber has not been used in the past? But Mr. Roy Nelson, of Manhattan, Kan., has experimented with Kansas cottonwood, and now he finds that, if it is properly cut and dried, it will fol- low the straight and narrow path, and may be used for making baskets, This School Expands to Fit the Pupils ‘‘Unit-plan” schools such as this can grow as the number of pupils increases, and they are said to be safer and more healthful than the ordinary kind fire should break out, there is less like- lihood of loss of life and damage to the entire property. One of the best plans for this unit grouping suggested by New York and Denver architects provides for a central building somewhat larger than the class units, to serve as an assembly 41 In this cutting-machine the cottonwood log is revolved and a knife slices off strips hall, and containing the principal’s office and a room for the teachers. On each side of this administration build- ing are grouped the individual class- rooms. One of the advantages claimed is that unit-plan buildings are more easily heated than a single large one. Cottonwood boxes, and egg-crates. The cutting- machine he uses is shown in the lower picture. First, logs are sawed into blocks of the length of the box to be made. One of the blocks is hoisted over the cutting-machine and then lowered ‘into a set of clamps. These clamps are made to revolve, and the block turns with them. As it goes round, a long, sharp knife peels off slices of the required width and thick- ness. The knife can be adjusted to cut slices from one eightieth to three ‘ eighths of an inch in thickness. A sixteen-inch log can be peeled to - the core in three minutes. Then the core is sawed into boards and used for making box- ends. The wood is dried and made up into butter- boxes, egg-crates, chick- en-coops, and baskets. Kansas cottonwood is hard, tough, light, white, odorless, and is better suited for box-making than either Southern or Western cottonwood. According to Mr. Nelson, - there is no danger of ex- hausting the supply of wood, for it grows faster than he uses it. On the river flats several twelve- inch treés have grown since the flood of 19038.

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ry pao a ae es i rw nnenseelnaeicetne trie) -Aettectoadirantelslitee sspiatitnspolabeniehl cased Sortie chppane cali wed ous See Sent aM i ato Ka 6 0 oe Popular Science Monthly Down in one of the galleries of a salt-mine, the work- ers watched a moving picture of “safety first” lessons Safety First Moving Pictures in a Mine LARGE liability company wanted to prevent accidents in a salt-mine for which it was liable. One day representa- tives arrived at the mine with a moving- picture machine and a reel of “safety first” object lessons. Instead of calling the miners up, the representatives went down into the mine with their picture-machine and set it up in one of the great rock-salt galleries. A sheet was stretched across a wooden frame, and current from the power-house furnished the necessary light. The work- ers were called from all corners of the mine and, seated on the salty floor, were given their movie lesson. Digging 50,000 Trees a Day "THE nursery tree digger has been devised by Edgar A. Jackson, of Cuperting, Cal. It consists of an auto- mobile engine supported on a frame mounted on runners, which may be anchored in alinement with a row of trees, shrubs, or bushes, and used to operate a cutter for rapidly removing the trees or shrubs. With this machine 50,000 trees may easily be dug in a day, using about ten gallons of fuel. The gas-engine is geared to drums attached to cables, which in turn are attached to the cutter device. The gear reduction gives a tremendous pull, and holds the cutting knife with a very large lifter, making the hand pulling of the trees easy. The machine moves from one row to another by its own power. Some of the important features of the machine are that the trees can be dug as deep as desired, in dry or wet ground; the trees are not injured; and a space of twenty feet is ample for operating the machine. This monster crab was found off the coast of Japan; it measures twelve feet across its outstretched legs | An Ugly Giant Crab of Japan OFfrF the coast of Japan the spider-crab is of such gigan- tie size that it is considered one of the wonders of natural history. It is the hugest of all the crustaceans, and looks more as if it belonged to the days of the dinosaurs than to our times. The crab shown herewith is in the American Museum of Natural History in New York. It measures twelve feet across its outstretched legs. Japanese divers are in mortal - fear of this monstrous crab, believ- ing that some day it — .A machine for digging up trees. It may be set up in aline- ment with a row of trees and remove any that may be desired 42 J © Keystoue View Co. The Korean farmer, dressed in white, walks behind this crude plow drawn by an ox In Leisurely Korea WITH an iron-shod wooden plow, a large shovel worked by four or five men, one guiding the handle, the others jerking the blade by ropes attached to it, with a bamboo rake, a sharp-pointed hoe, and a few other crude implements, the farmer of Korea sets his eye upon the weather and cultivates his land. In Korea the sun shines and the rain falls as it does upon the rest of the earth. Light, sandy loam, disintegrated lava, and rich alluvium reach to a d2pth of from three ieet to ten feet. The farmer in his white dress walks be- hind the crude plow as it is dragged along over the loose soil by a patient ox. Even with these primitive means, the Korean farmer is able to bring forth two crops a year. Rice, millet, beans; cotton, hemp, oil- seeds, wheat, oats, barley, and sweet and Irish potatoes are the chief products brought from the soil They’ re hauling in a German mine that was will “ get” floating around by the labor of the them while on the in the Atlantic men and oxen. bottom. But there is really very little ° ° ground for this fear; Working with Death for, despite its STANDING on a few hundred pounds formidable size, this giant is a_ slow, stupid creature, of TNT isn’t the safest job in the world. It was a necessary one, however, when the United States navy was clearing stalking awkwardly the mines from the North Sea.. Our men through the gloom — were after the American mines laid to on the sea-bottom | ‘Keen in the German submarines, but once at depths usually jing while they found some German very much greater mines which had floated loose irom their than those towhich hase. These mines will be taken apart by divers descend. experts. The British Muse- The United States navy took up more um contains a very __ than fifty-five thousand mines in less than large spider-crab six months—probably the most difficult with a span ofeigh- work done in connection with the war by teen feet. any naval force.

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June, 1920 Power-transmission attachments for automobiles may be purchased, but here is one you can make yourself ~ Automobile-Power HAVIN G an automobile furnish power for work is now an old idea: it has been used to advantage for driving saws, pumps, churns, mixers—almost any form of heavy work. Power-transmission attach- ments for automobiles have been put on the market. They are all right, but costly. Here is a homemade machine-driving at- tachment which, for utility in an emergency at least, will deliver the power from an automobile “like a.steam-engine.” No re- moval of tires or other preparation is neces- sary—just back your car on to it and it is ready. The diagram shown above is not dimen- sioned, since a considerable variation in size or in details of construction may be made to suit the builder’s own ideas or to fit the parts he may have on hand or may have to buy, such as the two rollers with end-shafts or gudgeons and some sort of bearings for them. Quieting the Airplane “( ‘UT-OUTS prohibited!’ The motor- ist sees this sign everywhere. The airplane, on the other hand, has sailed serenely by, making all the noise it wanted to. It has not’ worn a silencer chiefly because a silencer would reduce the power of the engine. But today’s engine can afford this loss. As a result, the French army has adopted for its airplanes the new silencer shown below. It is attached to the exhaust-pipe, znd muffles not only the sound but also the flames due to the explosion of gasoline when the pipe is overheated. The silencer follows the principle of the well known Maxim silencer. © Keystone View Co. The silencer on the airplane’s exhaust not only reduces noise but prevents fire * stout (1" ovameren) END-SHAFTS @AST-IRON a RINGS ar 6 Showing how to makethe power plant from material you © Kadel & Herbert A pig that came to market from Omaha, Neb., to Chicago, follow- ing the route of the air highway - The Pig that Came in the Air | Mail AFLYING pig! Consigned from Omaha, Neb., to Chicago, IIl., the animal was posted by a company that deals in cattle, and was received by Reed Landis, a former army aviator who is now a moving-picture actor. What must one expect in the future? Will cows and horses also be treated to trips in the air? It is not long since the idea of regularly trans- porting letters by airplane waslooked at skeptically. It seemed incred- iblethatthetricky, uncertain highway of the clouds could ever be risked in regular trans- portation cf im- portant mail. But the time has come when wind, rain, and rarely fog, are enough to delay the mail trips that are now daily con- ducted across the sky. may have at hand One scarecrow watches the sky and the other the ground to see that no hungry bird approaches Scarecrow Guardians of the Cherry-Tree | MBE: and Mrs. Scarecrow have been ap- pointed guardians of the cherry-tree. Their job is not to watch out for bad George Washingtons with hatchets in their hands, but to see that no birds come along and steal the ripening cherries. Mr. Scarecrow has climbed a ladder and is scanning the sky for the approaching enemy. Mrs. Scarecrow stands below and keeps a sharp eye on all moving things. Between them, they have managed to scare off all marauders and the cherries will soon be ripe. Billy’s Nurse ™ E’S painting the white goat black!” That is what you naturally think at your first glimpse of the picture below. But we find that the goat was born with those black splotches and the bottle in question contains, not shoe-blacking, but milk. The seeming villain is really very tender- hearted. He is a self-appointed nurse, and he watches over baby Billy as carefully as if he were his mother. Billy is the ship’s new mascot. He is too young to eat solid food and he takes to the bottle quite naturally. Not shoe-blacking but milk is contained in that bottle; the sailor is baby Billy’s nurse

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aye of ania ee ee ees ee eenee Carried in his pocket the mechanic makes use of canned heat to sup- ply the fuel for his soldering-iron Canned Heat for the Soldering-Iron OURISTS have found that P2« 2; Popular Science Monthly He carries his tools ina cloth case that weighs very little canned heat is just what they need for cooking their meals by the wayside. But this is not all. The little ten-cent can of condensed heat also helps the mechanic who has a piece of soldering to do. The iron can be quickly heated and the broken pipe or piece of metal soon mended. © Kadel & Herbert A fifth leg growing out of a good-luck hump on her back saved Bossy’s life Bossy’s Fifth Leg ACK on the farm Bossy‘s broth- When a cup is filled the wheel turns slowly and the bait-cup drops into the basin of insecticide A Trap to Catch Ants ‘T HERE are elephant-traps, and there are mouse-traps; now there is in- vented a trap to catch ants! It consists of a magazine having a zigzag channel holding cylindrical cups in which bait is deposited. A spring-motor or a small water-wheel operates the trap, permitting the bait to be exposed for a sufficient time to attract the insects, then allowing the end cup in the row to be dumped into a basin filled with an insect destroyer. Each bait is formed from a roll of cotton gauze saturated with a sticky material intended to appeal to the particular taste of the ants. Beetles, flies, and other pests may also be allured into the trap, auto- matically to meet destruction in the solu- tion in the basin. At the end of the channel the bait rolls into the arms attached to the wheel, and this slowly drops the can into the liquid, automatically throwing back the wheel and making ready for the next bait- cylinder. He Carries His Tools with Him AN order comes to the job foreman summoning him to work upon the wooden forms of a new skyscraper. The framework forms are necessary before the concrete can be poured, so the carpenter takes his tools and starts for the job. Will he have to carry them in a heavy tool-box?. Not if he is wise, and if he has become acquainted with a recently in- vented serviceable tool-kit. This kit is so light and compact that it can be strapped over one shoulder. The tools are pro- tected and well managed as a unit. The carpenter can have access to them at a moment’s notice, and when going up a ladder finds the kit more conveniently managed than a box. When the day’s work is done the tool- case is easily hung by its strap to the wall of the tool-room. An Apple-Tree of Sixty N: 1858 a Missouri farmer decided that he wanted to take Greeley’s advice and go West to do a little growing ers and sisters had always laughed at her fifth leg. It grew out of her neck and hung limply over her left shoulder. As Bossy went from calfhood into cowhood a hump developed at the spot where the fifth lez grew. Truly she was the ugly duckling of her family. But when she arrived at the slaughter-house, her much-abused hump and leg saved her life. The hump was looked on as a token of good luck; and her fifth leg put her in the class with freaks. The butchers decided that they would make more money by selling her than by killing her. up with the country. He took with him a tiny apple-tree growing on his farm, to see what luck it might bring him. From all appearances he made a wise move, for the tree is still grow- ing and showering apples all over the orchard each year. In 1897 the tree was badly scorched when the farmer’s house burned down, but no serious damage was done. The tree bears heavily every other year, and even in “off’’ years it has a fairly good crop. In 1914 there were sixty-five boxes of the finest apples picked and packed from this Bids from zoos, circuses, and museums will be carefully consid- ered by her present owners. He carried this apple-tree. frcm the East to the West sixty years ago, and it still bears fruit 44 one tree. This remarkable patriarch is a Rhode Island greening.

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eae ee cre» June, 1920 He carries his money in a water-tight safe on his belt Take Yeur Money with You When You Swim OU come out of the water after a swim and you’re hungry for a frankfurter and roll. But you haven’t any money with you—no place in your bathing-suit to keep it; so you pass up the frank- furter. Now there is a new belt for bathing- suits that has a small metal safe fastened to the buckle. It is absolutely water-tight and will shelter dollar bills from the briny deep. After you have put your money inside the safe you screw on a metal cap and think no more about it until you are hungry. Weighing Crops in the Field SIMPLE but effective method of weighing small quantities of hay or other farm crops in the field has been de- vised by a Klamath County (Oregon) farmer. Desiring to weigh a certain quantity of alfalfa with which he had been experiment- ing, but finding the stack too heavy and cumbersome to be lifted, he overcame the difficulty by a4 i re ee Every Cree Indian is his Indian companion’s barber; he never charges anything for the hair-cut or shave An Indian Barber-Shop Using the reflection from a pool for a mirror, with the open sky for a ceiling, and a grassy plot or a dirt-bank for a bar- ber’s chair, the Cree Indian has his hair cut. For two hundred and thirty-nine years the Hudson’s Bay Company has employed as trappers and hunters the Indians and Eskimos living on the shores and inlets of Hudson’s Bay and as far west as the Pacific. From the millions of acres in the unknown north come the valuable pelts of fur-bear- ing animals. Every Indian is a barber to his Indian companion. There is no charge for the service—the result often being of such a nature that the victim should be paid for the operation. During the months of June, July, and August the Cree is fishing and preparing his traps and snares for winter, drawing wood, and visiting the trading-posts. Though living outdoors, few are long- lived. Tuberculosis is common among all the Indians of the Northwest, and is due, no doubt, to their careless manner of living. taking two stout poles, about eight feet long, and crossing them securely near the top. Through the notch thus formed he passed a third pole, to the end of which a small scale had been fast- ened. The scale in turn was hooked into a rope passed around the stack of alfalfa, and the load was easily lifted from the ground by working the cross-pole as a lever. The soldier in the pic- ture is glad to be back on the farm he used to find so A spring-scale is attached to a pole and the dull. outfit is easily carried from place to place 45 This clock has thirteen Pairs of hands, and it tells time all over the world Telling Time All Over the World HEN it’s quarter past eight in New Orleans, it’s seven minutes past four in Constanti- nople, ten past two in London, and quarter past nine in New York. You may get similar in- formation about nine other cities if you look at the clock in the picture above. This clock’s home town is New Orleans. It was built in the days of the Civil War. The thirteen pairs of hands on the old clock’s face go round together and are operated by one set of works that is wound up regularly every seven days. Hand - rest, light, and paper on which to write in the dark Notes by Pocket-Light ‘THE corner policeman who wishes to make a memorandum in his note-book, and who does not wish at that instant to step out into the light to do so, has at his service a convenient combination of note- book and pocket-light. Nurses, doctors, and detectives can make use of it when Writing in a dim light. Artists who want to make sketches in pencil in the dark, astronomical. observers who wish to jot down the path of a stray meteor and do not wish to trust their memory until they can get indoors, also army and navy officers making notes at night when it is necessary to do so in the dark, will find in the pocket-light note-book a worthy friend. This novelty is about the size of an ordinary pocket-light. It has an extra hinged surface upon which rests the writing-pad, and is so constructed that the regular lid of the light-compartment serves as a rest for the hand when writing on the paper pad. .

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Re eA OOS Re Els. ea Popular ee Monthly Laying a Roof by Ma Machine Saves Time 2-4 As the machine crosses the roof the liquid tar drips in front of the paper and a roller presses the paper into contact with the cement LABOR-SAVING device has been patented by which a large roof area may be covered with roofing material by means of an easily managed machine. ’ Where alternate layers of tar-paper and asphaltic pitch are to be spread over a large area the process usually employed involves several separate operations. The tar is distributed and the paper unrolled uponit. Then the workmen must press down the paper until perfect contact is estab- lished. The machine carries a tank A Life-Line a= = Can’t Fail HIP aground off S Cape Cod! Ina short time life- savers stand on the beach, ready to hurl life-lines to the help- less vessel. Most life- line guns are fired by means of bags of powder that are rammed into the barrel. Should the powder get wet it will be useless. But now there is a gun in which the projectile and the powder charge are eonnected. The powder is contained in a cylindrical water-tight cartridge- case at the base of the projectile. Tests were made in which the cartridge was immersed in water, both fresh and salt. When it was put into the barrel and fired, it went off without a moment’s delay. At the other end of the projectile there is a long stem to which the life- line is attached. The line is wound up in a tin can, so that it won’t get twisted. When the projectile is shot off, the line goes with it. The gun itself is mounted on a heavy base, which is provided with two front PRIMER ~ CARTRIDGE Showing how cartridge and projectile t are connected in a new life-line gun in the projectile wheels and teeth on its lower surface to lessen re- : : MOUNTA : coil when the gun is shot ee OLE A off. The muzzle may be elevated to any of these angles — thirty, forty-five. sixty, and eighty degrees. TIN-CAN PROJECTILE The projectile and + powder are con- nected; the powder is placed in a water- tight cartridge 4 GUN-ANGLE HOLES filled with liquid pitch. A pipe conveys the liquid directly in front of a roller around which passes the sheet of tarred paper. This sheet is continually auto- matically unwound from a roll carried in’ the upper part of the machine. As the machine is guided around by hand, it moves upon two large stable wheels and automatically permits enough pitch to flow in front of the paper-roller to cement it in con- tact with the roof. The weight of the roller presses the paper down upon the pitch. It is thus a simple matter to put on as many layers of the pitch and the paper as are required. The machine can operate on a slanting as well as on a flat roof, though the pitch of the roof must, of course, not be too great. Any device that saves time also saves money, and the method of laying a roof by use of this labor-saving ma- chine is an important economy. — Cquapeant PIN

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June, 1920 Rich lron-Mines in Air We Breathe Every year millions of dollars are lost in the cities’ dust By Edwin O. Pierce e HEN is a city street an iron- mine?” The answer seems to be: “‘When the street is in a big iron and steel town.” A recent investigation of smoke and dust in Cleveland, Youngstown, Pitts- burgh, and other centers of the iron industry revealed the fact that iron can be extracted not only from the dirt of streets, but from rugs and carpets, the walls and roofs of buildings, and even from the skins of the in- habitants! : The very air of these districts is laden with fine particles of iron dust, which, together with the soot, get into the eyes and lungs as well as upon the hands and face. This investigation began with a microscopic examination of vacuum-sweeper dust, by which it was discovered that the dirt accumulating in a small rug in a

day’s time contained an amount of iron equaling a five-cent piece in weight. Other experi- ments were then made, demon- strating both by magnetic separations and by. chemical analyses the presence of iron in the many places already mentioned. Every kind of iron-furnace produces a certain amount of dust, but the larger part was traced to the Bessemer con- verters, which take molten iron from the blast-furnaces.and change it into steel. The Bessemers are great hooded pots having air-jets in the bottom and holding ten tons of metal.. They are so mounted that they can be tilted to receive and pour out the charge. When the air is admitted, a huge saffron- colored cloud is the first result. This cloud contains the oxides of iron and manganese. Then a shower of sparks, called the “silica blow,”’ is followed by a great tongue of flame about thirty feet high, due to the burning of the carbon. - Since these converters are like gigantic atomizers, they necessarily . blow out a spray of molten iron and slag as well as oxidize the impurities. The tiny molten bubbles cool and harden as soon as they reach the air, but are carried considerable distances before they finally fall to the ground and are crushed into fine dust.

Picking up iron dust on the street! In the vicinity of the steel-mills quantities of iron dust are carried in the air and deposited in a fine powder over houses and streets. One can take a bar magnet along and col- lect much of this dust from the pavements The amount of iron dust falling upon any given area is a difficult matter to determine exactly, but a series of dust- collecting experiments was made in the city of Youngstown, which is rapidly becoming the largest iron and steel center in the country. From the re- sults of these experiments it was caleu- lated that about sixty-five tons a day of actual iron from all sources falls upon an area of one mile radius in the heart of that city. And from this ca!cula- tion it would ‘ollow that in the Youngstown district alone avout one hundred and fifty to one hundred and sev- enty-five thousand tons of iron are blown away every year and lost to mankind forever.

The “big brown smoke” coughed up by a Bessemer converter every few min- utes. Without the prevention of iron- dust veste, fine particles of iron and manganese are blown into the air and are carried over an area of great extent very little. Itis present in the blast- furnace iron, but in the Bessemer process we blow it away and then use money, ships, and men to get more, for it must be present in the finished steel. There are a number of systems of dust collection. The best known method and the one that seems most suitable for iron dust is that of electromagnetic separation known as the Cottrell process. In employ- ing this method the smoke is led through chambers in which are sus- pended long wires charged with elec- tricity. <A silent discharge is constant- ly taking place between these wires, and the particles in the smoke, also becoming charged, collect into groups and settle upon the wires or floor. Because of its long flame and the necessity of being turned, the Bessemer converter is usually operated in the open. The problem of con- fining Bessemer smoke would seem to be a difficult one, but sure- ly not beyond the bounds of American in- genuity. Once col- lected in a chamber, the separation of iron would be easy. ‘To the value of the iron must be added that of the manganese, also lost. This is an ex- pensive element of which the country has 47 From the sweepings of a vacuum cleaner used on a Youngstown, Ohio, rug the electromagnet draws to itself the iron particles, the dust that was carried through the air from the steel-mills The iron dust could be heated until it became a solid mass or partly melted into solid pieces, and then returned to the blast-furnace.

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} cited a atabiyiindhe 5's Sk Lee eS oh tL op RE a mabe Ye NE r, —_— 4d it ements scereensaneesea—i aencnrnntinnsnthte” ~nameniasnmartiaie oo a a> iene a. ——————— wre: -wenbs eifimormn —aleasflcosoe nse CRRA TA sen — ny Popular Science Monthly eh ag plese "| Stay-at-Home Models of Ocean Travelers The ship-owner’s reference library Photographs © Keystone View Co. a Blueprints, molds, and photographs of the parent ship are used for guidance in making models Here is a cross-section model of the } General Sherman, a large passenger ship, showing coal-bunkers, sleeping quarters, dining-rooms, and cabins Even the guns of the battleships are modeled accurately. Of course Wood that is well seasoned to prevent warping is selected, " they won’t go off, but, for that matter, neither will the battleships and the pieces are glued and set: this is the first process ae, §— eer ; ss at ! Here is a ship that has just received its smokestack. Cabins and deck have already been carved out. There has q been such a demand for model ships in recent years that one New York factory devotes all its time to making them . 48 :

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June, 1920 Ask Dad—He Knows! Once familiar things that : have fallen behind in the march of progress Chasing after fire engines was lots more fun when Dad was in knee-breeches than it is today. The high-spirited horses clat- tered down the street, shooting sparks and making much more noise than motor-driven engines tee Pea The wooden Indian! It When you ‘wish to move, today, When Dad was a boy one of his am- used to stand boldly in you hire ‘a powerful moving-van. In bitions was to drive a horse-car ; front of each cigar store, father’s — or. perhaps. granddad’s— but when he grew up the horse- staring sternly into space time, prairie. schooners did the work car had disappeared almost entirely 4 aa SA peat no irae et oe ae Dad practised archery when he was a boy. All the boys enjoyed it. Some of them still keep it up in Washington Park, Chicago © Western Newspaper Union “Cab, sir?” That cry was replaced by ‘‘Taxi!” at about the time when speed became the slogan of our American cities If Dad had wanted to go from San Diego to Silver City in the ’90’s_ he would have climbed on board this rickety stage-coach Across the river in an old-fash- ioned ferry-boat guided by a strong wire cable 49

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© Kadel & Herbert So powerful is the beam of the Sperry searchlight that a cigarette can be lighted in the outer border of the rays. The sunlight is so closely rivaled in the new arc that moving pictures can be taken in it with the speed required for genuine sunlight OW bright is the sun? In | | candlepower the sun’s in- trinsic brightness, as seen at sea-level, is equal to the light of 270,000 candles for each square inch of its surface. The crater of an ordinary electric arc is equal to 84,000 candlepower on the same scale. Now the sun has a closer rival in the dazzling brilliance of the new Sperry searchlight, which has a total luminosity of 1,280,- 000,000 candlepower! The rays of light from the are are projected in parallel lines by a sixty-inch parabolic mirror. Allowing for the loss of light in reflection, the searchlight carried out into space would be visible at practically the - same distance from the earth as would an equal area of the sun. A piece of the dazzling solar disk clipped into a circle sixty inches in diameter would have a rival in this searchlight. What a strange cosmic effect could be wit- nessed when the shaft of light sweeps across the sea to meet the rising sun! Standing in the blinding path of rays emanating from opposite direc- tions, the observer would notice that, for the first time in his life, he could stand in the direct sunlight without casting a shadow! The flame of the ordinary electric arc is itself cast.as a shadow in sunlight when held a few feet from the ground. At a given © Kadel & Herbert distance the beam of the Sperry searchlight is about equal to the total light of the sun when the latter is well up in the sky above the horizon. Concentrated against the light of the sun at such a time, the searchlight actually equals the sun, and becomes such a for- midable rival that it can coun- terbalance the shadow-casting power of the great orb of day. This marvel of searchlights was invented by Elmer A. Sperry. It consists of an au- tomatically rotated positive The largest searchlight. It has a candlepower of intrinsic bright- ness about equal to the sun itself, area for area. The size of the reflector may be judged by comparing it with the man cored carbon which burns_ toa crater-tip. The nega- tive carbon is held by silver- tipped ‘‘fingers,’”’ while the positive is held in an air- tight clamp tipped -with quartz-crystal. The hot air is blown off by a motor- driven mechanism to keep the carbons and the great parabolic mirror at a safe temperature. The carbons are held at the proper dis- tance apart and are auto- matically fed to keep a 5 by electric controls ten miles distant. Sperry, the inventor, is shown operating the controls Popular Science Monthly So Powerful Is This Searchlight that It Melts Lead The metal liquefies at a distance of twelve feet By Latimer J. Wilson constant flame. The superior power of this new searchlight depends upon the intensity of the illumination of the gas which fills the crater of the positive arc. But for the device that makes possible the retention of a perfect crater whose image is projected in parallel rays from the huge sixty-inch mirror, the power of the are would not have exceeded that of other searchlights. One type of searchlight can be operated from a distance of ten miles. Stationed upon the summit of such a mountain as Pike’s Peak, the con- trol of the light could be managed from the city of Manitou at the base of the mountain. But it is customary for an operator to keep close watch upon the mechanism of these great searchlights while they are burning. Of course, the light is far too bright for anyone to look at directly. An arrangement is provided by which the image of the carbons is projected sharply upon a ground glass at. the side of the searchlight. The glass bears a vertical mark, and the rim of the crater must be kept exactly-in line with this mark, thus showing that the crater itself is exactly in the focus of the parabolic reflector. So powerful are the rays that lead can be melted at a distance of twelve feet from the crater. A cigarette can be lighted at the edge of the beam of light. © Kadel & Herbert The Sperry searchlight of this type can be operated Mr. Elmer A.

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June, 1920 A Quick Method of Loading Motor-Trucks & x & a W HEN a motor-truck has to stand at the loading depot and wait until the boxes, bags, or barrels that comprise its load are packed upon it, the working time of the truck is enormously shortened. But if the body of the truck consists of a movable deck that can be readily and quickly slipped on and off, all the time that is lost in loading and unloading is the time required in removing and replacing the already loaded deck. To relieve the congestion of rail transportation by quickly handling the loads of motor-trucks, or “lorries,” the use of these adjustable decks has been suggested by Mr. Conradi in a paper that he recently read before the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in London. The MENT + “ mee ANGEMEN Tso DEPOT method enables a single workman to dismount and replace the body or deck of his truck in about five minutes’ time. A platform supported by two casters at the front and two at the rear is easily moved from the room where it is loaded, up to the back of atruck. The frame of the truck carries a pair of rails upon which the loaded deck can be slid and locked firmly. The frame of the platform also holds two rails to receive the deck of the empty truck when it returns for a new load. Workmen in the depot load the “decks,’’ making them ready to be rolled over to where the trucks are coming to receive them. The illustration shows the stages in the process of loading and unloading with the adjustable decks,

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= paapeiaye-s BS EE A oN ER NT RET TERT oS a 828k POeee, Unscrew the cap on this fountain- pen and out pops a drinking-cup A Fountain-Pen Cup post as a fan will pop out of a toy gun, so a drinking-cup will pop out of a toy fountain-pen, the invention of Mr. James H. Watson, of New York city. The holder is made of hard black rubber and looks just like a fountain-pen. It can be clipped to“ 1e vest pocket and be entire- ly out of the way until it is needed. When you want a drink, you unscrew a cap that fits over the end of the water-container. Out pops the cup, which is cone-shaped and is at- tached to a spring metal frame. The cup is made of the usual waterproof paper and may be easily re- placed by. a new one when the old cup wears out. The inventor of the fountain-pen cup designed it especially for travelers. She Sells Phonograph Records by Telephone “TLL take that—send it as soon as you can,” says the lady at one end of the wire; whereupon the lady at the other end wraps it up. Wraps what up?. A phono- graph record. With the help of a new amplifier, phono- graph records can be distinctly heard over the telephone. The amplifier is placed between the phonograph and the mouth- piece of the telephone, and is connected with an electric circuit. When a new re- cord is set in motion the buyer at the other end of the wire hears the production plainly and can readily tell whether or not she wants it. (Left) The operator is perfectly safe when she punches tin can lids in this press. She feeds them to the press on an endless chain. (Right) Whena lid must be perforated, it is placed on a block located in front of the press, but separated from it by a glass guard. It is operated by a pedal An amplifier placed be- tween phonograph and telephone enables the per- son at the other end to hear and decide whether to buy it Safety Devices to Guard the Power Press Worker HE power press has a bad reputation. It has caused more accidents than almost any other machine. But now it is being equipped with safety devices that make accidents almost impossible. Take, for example, the press that punches lids for tin cans. The lids are placed on an endless chain (B) by the operator, and she stands at least five feet away from the press itself. The chain carries the lids to the punch. Wings (A) automatically open and close, feeding the lids to the punch one at a time. Hundreds of lids are stored in a tray (C). And now consider the press that cuts small perforations in tin can lids—most cans of cleaning powder are provided with these lids. The operator places the smooth lid on a block (A) that is located in front of the punch. Between the two is a glass safety guard (B) that protects the operator and yet enables her to see what is going on in the press. When she steps on a lever the lid promptly slides under the glass guard and takes its place in the press, and then the punch comes down. Popular Science Monthly The celluloid window-shade keeps out drafts but not the sunshine Air Without Drafts ANEW arrival among shades is the cellu- loid window-shade, used to keep out drafts. It is fastened to a regular spring shade roller and has the customary stick through its lower end. You attach it to the top of the window-frame just as you would an ordinary shade. Being transparent, it does not obstruct the view. : The ends of the stick may be fitted in grooves in the frame to keep the celluloid from curl- ing. With this mirror you can keep an eye on the back of your head As Others See It FVEN though the back of your head is not so interesting as the front, you may occasionally like to look at it. One mirror won’t help you out, but two of them, properly placed, will show you just what the back of your head is doing. Edward H. Roy, of Nashville, Tenn., has invented a special duplicate mirror. The two mirrors are fastened to the ends of an arc-shaped bar so that they con- verge slightly toward each other. A han- dle is attached to the center of the bar.

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An enterprising shoe-polish manu- facturer offers a prize of $1,000 for an improvement on this device $1,000 Reward ANTED: a shoe-polish box opener that will permit the box to remain airtight, that will work indefinitely without break- ing off, and that will always be in order. Any person with a mechanical turn of mind has a chance to improve the device at present being used and, inciden- tally, make the neat sum of $1,000. The volatile ingredients in the shoe-polish must be protected by an air-tight box. If rivets are put in the metal it is scarcely practical to prevent the container from leaking and permitting the vapors to escape. To keep the device from breaking off and yet not to have it riveted can be expressed thus: “Ah! There’s the rub.” Twenty - one United States destroyers are grouped here just off the Pa- cific end of the Panama Canai These Harmless-Looking Boats Are Destroyers VIEWED from an airplane, the twenty- one ships in the picture below look like a small boy’s highly prized collection of toy boats in a mimic sea. They are United States destroyers at anchor just outside the entrance to the Panama Canal, and at that distance they look very harmless. Needless to say, they are not. The boats are arranged in five groups, and all of the boats in each group are anchored to one buoy. They are lashed together, but have fenders between them to keep them from bumping into each other. They are located off Balboa, which lies at the Pacific end of the Canal. They are only a very small part of the destroyer force of the Pacific Fleet. Protected from giant boulders, this little house has stood for years in the mountains of Portugal Boulders to Right of It, Boulders to Left of It | ON THE top of-a hill a Portuguese goat- herdsman built himself a tiny house. There were no trees near by to shelter it from wind and storm, yet the house has stood for many years. Boulders under it, on top of it, and all around it keep it firm. The walls are studded with small rocks; the roof at the rear of the house is weighted down with them.-. There’s a boulder in front of the main entrance, another at the back door, and more along the sides. The boulder house is situated in the Serra da Estrella mountains. Goats are raised throughout these mountains and the cheese made from their milk is very deli- cious. The interesting question arises, “How did the boulders get there?’’ The smooth- ness of their form indicates the violent action of wind and- water and the glacial currents that-probably bore them down from lofty summits. Many times have they saved the cottage from the wind’s fury. _ 53 Paraguayans drinking maté, a kind of tea that grows in South America They Love Their. Tea ““TET’S have some tea,’ says the woolly South American savage to his brethren, and they run for their tea-cups. Paraguay tea, known as maté, is widely used in South America. In country districts the natives drink their maté through a thin metal tube thrust into a sun- dried gourd. A sieve inside of the metal tube ‘holds the _tea- leaves in their place, An invention of Robert E. Bress- ler, of Indiana, for speeding up the work on railway road-beds Clearing the Railway Right of Way [ NSTEAD of having a gang of many workmen going along the side of the railroad-bed shoveling away the dirt and rocks, while construction work is under way, a ditching mechanism has been de- vised to do the work with less trouble. A side wing is mounted in a rearwardly inclined position on the construction car, and is pivoted, together with a carrying wing, so that it can collect the dirt as the car moves along through deep cuts, dis- tributing it when-the end of the cut is reached. A heavy arm adjustably controls these “scrapers” and is operated by an _air cylinder. It is an easy matter to adjust the slope of the “‘wings’’ to accommodate the slope of the ground at the side of the road-bed for drainage. The machine does the work of many workmen and can travel through ditches at two and a half miles an hour.

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Popular Science Monthly He Has Built Fame with Cardboard Berthold Audsley won success by finding a need and filling it HE children who visit the New- ark, N. J., Public Library and Museum know Ber- thold Audsley as the tall, kindly man who always has a twinkle in his eye, and who makes such wonderful locomotives, Indian tepees, medieval castles, and all sorts of interesting things out of cardboard and metal; and a few of the grown-ups in Newark, where he works, and in Bloomfield, where he lives, know him as the man who is in charge of the art work at the Museum. But there are others—few in comparison, perhaps—who know Mr. Audsley for what he really is—architect, de- signer, interior decorator, artist, and probably the foremost cardboard modeler in the world—assuredly the foremost in the United States. An International Name In the world of art and architecture Mr. Audsley’s reputation and fame as a worker in cardboard are international. It requires but one glance at some of his creations to know why. His castles and his churches and his buildings of all sorts, all of them con- structed entirely of cardboard and painted to resemble exactly the original structure, are marvels of intricate detail and faithful adherence to the original design. It is actually impossible to dis- tinguish between the photographs of the original structures and the photo- graphs of Mr. Audsley’s models. The writer failed in several attempts of this sort, scoring not a single time from a pile of pictures. One of these photo- graphs was that of a model which Mr. Audsley had made for Gorham & Com- pany, the New York jewelry and silversmith house, of the interior of the Lady Chapel of St. Paul’s Church in Brooklyn, which was constructed by Gorham & Company’s ecclesiastical department. The model of St. Paul’s Lady Chapel is one of the finest that Mr. Audsley has ever made, and it is an exact duplicate, in cardboard and in minia- ture, of the original chapel. It con- tains several thousand pieces of card- board, and is three feet high, three feet deep, and eighteen inches wide, and drawn exactly to scale in every detail. board models. By Herbert Asbury Combined skill of hand and brain enabled Berthold Audsley to build up an international reputation as a maker of card- He turned a hobby into a new profession Mr. Audsley began his work in card- board modeling some eighteen years ago. Architects and artists and de- signers and constructors of churches and buildings of that sort have great need for accurate cardboard models, and the demand so exceeded the supply that Mr. Audsley began doing some of his own modeling. He took it up first largely as a hobby; but his interest in it grew to such an extent that the work soon became a part of his profession, and eventually practically his entire time was devoted to it, with the ex- ception of that given to his work in the Newark Museum. Models for England and America During the last few years Mr. Audsley has executed commissions for firms both in the United States and in England, besides constructing many models for his own pleasure. He is now engaged on a museum piece, a model of the ancient dungeons of the Chateau Corcy, which was destroyed when the German army invaded France. This model will be complete in every detail 54 and will show the dungeons in color according to the original designs and the records of the chateau. When it is completed it will contain between 7,000 and 8,000 pieces of cardboard: Mr. Audsley uses virtu- ally nothing in his work but cardboard, although he has made the designs for a number of models in metal, assembling them after the pieces were cast. One especially fine example of this sort of work is a locomotive, oil-burning and capable of pulling several hundred pounds, which is on exhibition in the Newark Museum. He. doesn’t do any. work in wood, excepting to fit into his model a piece of wood where cardboard would not answer the pur- pose. But this is done so seldom as to amount to nothing. Infinite Detail Necessary The technique of this work in cardboard is replete with infinite detail and ex- actness. Every piece of cardboard that goes into a model must be cut exactly to scale and must be ex- traordinarily accurate in measurement. An error of the tiniest fraction of an inch will grow, since the model is cut and assembled until it reaches what by comparison are gigantic proportions, and a slight miscalculation will necessi- tate the recutting of entire sections or groups of the design. How He Does Ii The first thing that Mr. Audsley does when he begins a cardboard model is to make drawings to scale, even down to thirty-two feet to the inch, ‘which is the smallest he has ever: attempted. These must be exact working drawings, as accurate and as correct in every detail as the working plans of an architect, and they must show every joint and wall and angle in terms of cardboard thickness. After he has finished this task he divides the design into groups and sec- tions, each of which is numbered and lettered, so that when the time comes for assembling he will know instantly just where every piece belongs. For instance, if a certain side-wall is in Group A, and is to be of four thick-

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June, 1920 nesses of cardboard, it is su indicated on the drawings, and marked A-1l, A-2, ete. ; This being completed, Mr. Audsley makes blueprints of his building, and obtains elevations, all exactly accurate and correct; after which he plots the entire design on great sheets of card- board. They are then ready for cut- ting. This he does on plate-glass with a very sharp knife; and as each piece is cut, marked, and numbered accord- ing to the drawings and blueprints, it is thrown into a big basket. Later the pieces are divided into groups, and when each group is complete the model is ready for assembling. The joints are grooved and tongued and made to fit exactly in all manner of ways; and where it is necessary they and the va- rious pieces that go to make up the required thicknesses are glued with pure ‘gum arabic, which Mr. Audsley has found by experiment is best suited to his work. To prevent the bending and buckling that is so frequently found when cardboard is glued to- gether he simply gums from the center out. The model is then ready for paint- ing, and after that it is ready for ex- hibition. He Got Ten Thousand Dollars for an Idea A. S. Wysong made brains beat hard luck * EN thousand dollars for the best walnut-branding machine.” When Mr. A. 8S. Wysong, of Los Angeles, heard of this offer, he was nearly penniless. He had just been released from war service, and at almost the same moment he received word that a Utah mine he owned had unfortu- nately caved in. Already an Inventor He didn’t know much about walnuts, and he had never branded anything, but he wanted that ten thousand. The prize ‘was offered by the California Walnut Growers’ Association, and when Mr. Wysong heard of it the closing date was only a few weeks off. Fortunately, he knew a great deal about machines. He had worked around them ever since he was a boy, and had invented one of the first light-weight tractors. During the war he served as a ma- chinist’s mate. His uncle was a well known inventor, and Wysong himself had taken out about thirty patents. Prints With Rubber Balls He studied walnuts. The rough, irregular shell would not be easy to brand. But of one thing he was sure: he would use the printing press as a model from - which to make his branding- machine. He decided that, instead of using a hard roll for the actual printing, he would stud the press with soft rubber balls. Thus, as each ball pressed against its corresponding walnut, the ink on the ball would reach all the high and low spots on the walnut’s shell. ; He arranged the balls around the This dollar prize for inventing a walnut-branding machine. He feeds walnuts to the machine three at a time, and the brand is stamped on them by means of ft rubber balls that sink into all the crevices in the rough shells roll in seven rows of three each, and used a rotary feed drum that would hold nuts of all sizes. When his brand- ing-machine was set in motion, ink was spread on the roll that bore the etched brand marks, and this ink was trans-.-. is A. S. Wysong, ferred to the rubber balls, and then to the nuts. Mr. Wysong tells us-.that he had very little trouble getting together the mechanical parts of the machine. His difficulty lay in getting the proper ink. He experimented with a hundred dif- ferent formulas before he found a mix- ture with the necessary lubricative 55 who won a_ ten-thousand- and quick-drying qualities for his purpose. Then there was the question of heat. If the rolls became too hot the rubber -balls would melt. So he attached a water-cooling system to the machine that-kept everything running at a temperature of sixty-five degrees. All the while he worked on it, his curious neighbors would stand around and hold long dissertations on nuts in general. But he continued to plug away. In the first place, he wanted that ten thousand. Then, his wife had told all the neighbors that he was going to win the prize. He simply had to win. Just in Time He worked day and night, and handed in his model a few minutes before the con- test closed. There were one hundred and twenty-seven models in all. Most of them did not have proper cooling systems. Mr. Wysong won the prize. He took a long, much- needed sleep, and then he immediately got busy on an orange - branding machine, which he subsequently also patented. Now the money is relling in. This summer he intends to visit the mine that eaved in at the beginning of this story and see if he can cave it out again. There is a fine trout stream near the mine, and in his leisure moments Mr. Wysong is going fishing. “I’ve wanted to take a vacation and go fishing all my life,” says he, “and now I’m going to do it. I’ve ceased being the ‘poor relation’ in our family, and hereafter A. S. Wysong is going to catch trout every year, even if he has to invent a new kind of hook to catch ’em with.”

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June, 19 Li Popular Science Monthly Things You Can Do with a Roof How the great waste spaces atop our buildings can be made useful You can do almost anything with lives in a cottage on top of an office a roof,.as the pictures below. show. building. When the wind blows, Mr. Gompert, a New York architect, we imagine he is well aware of it Anita-Surridge raises chickens on her roof. They are caged in, lest they - fly over the side of the building eo There is at least one leakless roof in the world; it’s on top of a London store: a rowing instructor gives lessons there Your roof may be turned into a hand-ball court—if the people Anita wasn’t satisfied with raising chickens, so she started en the top floor don’t object. But the players should be raising cabbages in two feet of dirt. Seeds don’t know the warned that a ball thrown over the fence is irrevocably lost difference between a bed in the ground and a bed on the roof 56

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Lightening the Burdens of a Bachelor Electricity has saved many of them from desperate marriages When your shoes need shin- ing, get a small motor, wrap a felt polisher around the shaft, and step on the switch When your quarters need cleaning and polishing, Mr. Bachelor, do your own polishing with an electric motor having soft felt strapped to the drive-shaft No matches to light the gas with? That’s easy. Attach a knife-sharpener to your motor and touch it to the stove after you have turned on the gas. Sparks! Flames! ss amagamawanec et 1g * With an electric toaster and: a perco- lator you can get your breakfast. You don’t like to cook your own break- fast? Neither do many married men J A wife and an electric iron go on the rampage at sight of a creased tie. Fire- works! But a bachelor devises substitutes If you are a really truly woman-hating bachelor and won’t even go near a mani- curist, you can polish your own nails by using that same old motor and a felt buffer ‘ Some wives will iron trousers, others eating not. Buta glass of If you come home late at night and feel like beans, open a can and heat them on the electric immer- Sion heater. No one will stop you water, a handker- chief, and an elec- tric immersion heater will always do the job right

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Popular Science Monthly a How the lock of the Industrial Canal will look when completed. The elaborate series of gates, each weighing 200 tons, is shown; also the emergency dam with the 300-horsepower crane to drop the sections across the lock One Canal Dives Under Another Building a ship-canal through treacherous quicksand beds SHIP-CANAL 30 feet deep and ry 300 feet wide is being built at New Orleans to connect the Mis- sissippi River with Lake Ponchartrain. Twelve million dollars has been spent on it, and before it is finished, which should be within another year or eighteen months, it is probable that it will have cost twenty millions. Its purpose is to shorten the steam- ship distance between New Orleans and the Gulf, and to provide indus- trial sites on a fixed-level waterway, and also to develop an extension of the wharf facilities of New Orleans, wharfs being built on the canal at one quarter the cost on the river. To carry out the plan, a soil prob- lem never before encountered on such a scale had to be solved, and the greatest siphon in the United States built. Both achievements were mar- vels of engineering skill. To dig a canal through beds of quicksand, and to effect a crossing between a drainage canal and the ship-canal so that the drainage canal would actually go down under the latter By Thomas Ewing Dabney water, the over-all dimensions of this lock are: length, 1,020 feet; width, 150 feet; height, 68 feet. The usable dimensions are 600 by 75 by 30 feet. The top of the lock will be 6 feet above the highest record stage of the Mississippi, and the floor will be laid 45 feet below the ground surface. It requires a greater excavation than has ever been attempted in this region, underlaid as it is by quick- sands, which are forced into a cut by the pressure of the earth, the water pressure of the river and gulf, and the natural gas pressure. Many en- gineers said it could not be done. George W. Goethals and Company, of New York, the engineers in charge of the work, began an excavation 750 feet wide by 1,500. feet long, gradually sloping the cut toward the center in an effort to prevent slides. Where the excavation began, a ring of sheet piling was driven to hold back the first stratum of quicksands. About 150 feet farther in, another ring of sheet piling was driven through the second stratum of quicksands. Then Goethals started the delicate task of driving the center cut for the lock. The pressure proved greater and the sands more liquid than had been anticipated. In May, 1919, the sides of the excavation began to cave in. The quicksands, running through the sheet piling as through a sieve, flowed in as fast as the dredge could pump them out;and the gas pressure threat- ened to blow through the bottom of the lock site. - Water to the depth of 30 feet was pumped into the excavation. Its weight counterbalanced the combined pressures. Then wells were driven to relieve the gas pressure; a ring of steel sheet piling was put down to hold back the quicksands, and braced . apart by thousands of 10-inch tim- bers; on these the pile-drivers were erected, and drove the foundation piles in the water as deep as possible. The water was then pumped out. This was done very gradually, while a corps of engineers and experts watched every timber. and come up again, were problems seeming- ly hopeless to solve. This is how the diffi- culty will be surmount- ed. A hopeless job? Because of the differ- ence in the level of the riverand the lake, a lock must be built. This will be of steel and re- inforced concrete. De- signed to accommodate ships of 10,000 tons and drawing 30 feet of ‘It Can’t Be Done’”’ The sides of the excavation began to cave in, the quicksand rising through the sheet piling as through a sieve—and the gas pressure threatened to blow through the bottom of the lock site. That’s what many engineers said, shak- ing their heads with the world-old “‘it-can’t-be-done’’ motion. But there’s always an industrial general with all the punch of a Foch or a Grant and all the strategy of a Napoleon. why the unending battle in which man pits himself against the forces of nature has gone steadily in man’s favor. When you read ‘One Canal Dives Under Another’ be worth while to remember that, but for science, we should all of us still be living in caves and grubbing roots. Only one section of the side walls moved— about three inches. Then the braces caught. The flow of quicksands was stopped. The gas pressure was relieved. These piles are now being followed down. They are 60 feet long and there are 14,000 of them. An extraordinary founda- tion is needed to sus- tain the weight of the That's it might 58 June, 1 lock—2: 350,000 The | It will only af moved be 13 fe feet at sand yz in the le The ; top of terrace, weight be huge to hold of earth The | built of weighin, of these size; on gate wil power n gency d 80 feet high, ar crane, ¢ motor, ° slots in entrance Two by 10 f lock, wi minutes by eigh by a 52. Six ce the locl work sl The larg leans was $63:

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June, 1920 lock—225,000 tons when empty, or 350,000 tons when filled with water. The floor will be 10 or 12 feet thick. It will be laid in 15-foot sections, for only a few of the braces can be re- moved at a time. The wails will be 13 feet thick at the bottom and 2 feet at the top. One hundred thou- sand yards of concrete will be used in the lock. The ground will be sloped to the top of the lock wall on a 150-foot terrace, to brace the walls against the weight of water within. There will be huge anchor columns of concrete to hold the walls against the weight of earth when the lock is empty. The lock will have five sets of gates, built of steel plates, 414 feet thick and weighing 200 tons a gate. Four sets" of these gates will be of the 55-foot size; one set of the 42-foot size. Each gate will be operated by a 52-horse- power motor. There will be an emer- gency dam, consisting of eight girders, 80 feet long, 3 feet wide, and 6 feet high, and weighing 90 tons each. A crane, operated by a 300-horsepower motor, will be able to drop them into slots in the lock walls, across the lock entrance, in an hour. Two channels, each measuring 8 by 10 feet, cast into the base of the lock, will fill and empty it in twenty minutes. Openings will be controlled by eight sluice-gates, each operated by a 52-horsepower motor. Six capstans, two at each end of the lock and two in the middle, will work ships in and out of the lock. -\ wme - ee — ‘SERT AREAS Ane LKSEURTEEES ASTI Se ORI nore ames 2 —— Looking into the excavation for the remarkable ship-lock. Note the thou- sands of piles driven to sustain the weight of the 350,000 tons of concrete and steel, Each capstan will be operated by a 52-horsepower motor, and will de- velop a pull of 35,000 pounds. Concrete will be laid at an average rate of 400 yards a day, according to the estimate of engineers. Three rail- road trestles are being built over the excavation to accom- modate the concrete trains. The concrete on this job will cost, laid, about $2,225,- 000; the mechanical equipment, $1,516,- 900. If the lock is to be finished by March, 1921, a force of 2,000 men will have to be employed continuously. Their pay-roll will be about $2,500,000. Difficulty is being encountered in get- ting that number of properly qualified men together. Ac- cording to present estimates, the total cost of the lock will be in the neighbor- hood of $7,500,000. The Industrial Canal crosses one of the city’s drainage canals. This is the Florida Avenue canal, leading into The largest siphon in the United States. The entire drainage of New The cost of the siphon was $630,000; its capacity is 2,000 cubic feet of water a second leans is carried under the ship-canal. Bayou Bienvenue. This rendered neces- sary the construction 59 The excavation extends 40 feet below the tops of the piling of the siphon—a concrete channel de- signed to carry the drainage canal beneath the ship-canal, and deliver it to the pumping station on the other side. The siphon is 378 feet long; it is divided into four compartments: two storm-chambers measuring 10 by 13 feet each; one normal weather cham- ber measuring 4 by 10 feet; and a public utilities duct. The latter will house the water and gas mains, elec- tric light cables, and telephone and telegraph wires. The storm-chambers handle the rainfall of cloudbursts. In ordinary weather the drainage is concentrated through the smaller chamber, and with the strong flow thus obtained the settling of sediment is reduced. The siphon has a capacity of 2,000 cubic feet of water a second. There are eight sluice-gates, oper- ated by hydraulic cylinders, to open and close the water-chambers. There are eight manholes, measuring 4 by 6 to 6 by 13 feet, to facilitate repairs. It took eighteen months to build the siphon. The work presented many difficulties. First the Florida drain- age canal had to be closed with two cofferdams. Inside them, the siphon construction began. There was much quicksand trouble. Pumps had to be operated continuously to keep the cut drained. At 46 feet below the ground- level, the foundation piles, from 30 to 60 feet in length and from 8 to 5 feet apart on centers, were driven. The excavation, foundation, and other work of preparation for the siphon cost more than $400,000. The concrete cost $170,000. Machinery and incidentals cost $60,000.

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Popular Science Monthly A Giant with the Touch of a Child When it is properly guided and controlled, this machine is a magic worker AN you imagine a giant with hands so strong that he can put a head on a big rivet with a pressure of about 575,- 000 pounds to the square inch, and yet so gentle that he can crack the shell of an egg without crushing it? The ma- chine shown in the ac- companying illustration is just such a wonderful giant. Look at the powerful pressure clamp, crooked like the monstrous hand of a giant, one end rep- resenting the fingers, the other the thumb. By hydraulic pressure this thumb —or, rather, PPP. Op ee we o. 8 2 9d see oa a as rae nt. Sle te ‘% - ‘. >, a ; that comes between the relentless grasp of the giant hand. A white- hot iron rivet is placed between the extensible. thumb and the finger- tips of the giant, and in a few minutes the heated end is mushroomed and squeezed into the shape of a rivet head, all without noise or appar- ent effort. The illustration shows how this giant hand, properly guided and con- trolled, is utilized in the metal industry for per- forming the most diffi- cult tasks, requiring enormous power. The riveting-machine is sus- the piston movable in the direction in which the thumb points—may be extended toward the tips of the giant fingers with scarcely an effort. So gentle and delicately progressive is this motion that you may even bend the shell of an egg in the giant’s grasp without cracking the This machine, controlled by one workman, will noiselessly head rivets with a pressure of 575,000 pounds to the square inch brittle shell, if you stop the motion of the piston in time. But let the motion of the piston continue, and mercilessly and with irre- sistible force it will crush everything Taking the Sting Out of the OW that the war is ended, what is to be done with the enormous quantities of unused ammunition left over in the military storehouses of every belligerent nation? This am- munition, useless in time of peace, represents an enormous value in cop- per, brass, lead, and steel, of which the shells, bullets, and caps of car- tridges are made. In Germany, which is in great need of copper, brass, and lead,—more so than any of the Allied nations,—a successful beginning has been made in reclaiming the metals contained in the left-over ammunition. The pic- tures below illustrate the method em- ployed for reclaiming the metals con- tained in infantry ammunition at one of the German plants. A conveyor carries the loose car- tridges, as they are taken from their packing-boxes, to an inclined, rotat- ing iron cylinder heated by coke and oil to a sufficiently high temperature to cause the cartridges to explode while they are sliding down the cyl- inder. The discharged cartridge- shells then drop-into a reservoir filled with water. From this tank the cartridges are carried by an elevator to a magnetic separator, which re- moves all iron or steel pended by chains from a traveling crane, and is placed in working po- sition by an ingenious, yet simple, controlling mechanism. The distance between the working ends of the clamp is one foot, and the movable piston can be extended to a distance of about four inches. Bullet the lead is smelted out. It drops through the perforations of the rotat- ing cylinder and is collected in molds, leaving only the copper or brass shells and caps in the cylinder. The machinery of the entire plant is oper- ated by a five-horsepower gas-engine and disposes daily of about 1,000,000 cartridges. By this method of reclaiming the metals contained in ammunition, noth- ing is wasted but the powder charge and the small quantity of fulminate in the ignition-caps. To extract the charges of smokeless powder would cost more than the powder is worth. particles from the mass. In a perforated rotating drum, heated to red heat, The heat of the rotating cylinder through which they slide causes the powder cf the charge to explode 60 In this heated and rotating drum the metals are separated by melting out the lead of the bullets The cartridages are unpackea and placed on the conveyor which takes them to the discharge drum

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June, 1920 A New Giant of the Air WrFet will be the size of the largest airplane that we can ever hope to build? What are the elements that limit the flight of heavier-than-air craft? The forces that operate upon the airplane in flight’ are dependent upon the size of the machine, its shape, the density and resistance of the air, and the wind-pressure. The first airplanes were almost mere box-kites with the pilot exposed to the full force of the wind and his body offering resistance to the motion of the craft through the air. Imagine an attempt at speed on water when one’s boat is a square box that has projections sticking out from it offering resistance to the medium in which it moves. What would happen if a powerfully equipped engine were placed on such a boat to try to drive it at motor-boat speed? The force of the engine would probably smash the craft on which it had been placed if this craft were of such frail construction, comparatively speaking, as were the early types of airplane. Following the hint given by the shape of certain birds and fish whose motion in air or water is smooth and swift, modern airplanes are constructed with serious regard to their stream-lines. The flow of the air around them must be smooth and uninterrupted by awkward projections. In the new giant Aviatik airplane recently given satis- factory tests in flight carrying twenty-two passengers with baggage, there are two advanced motors of 220 horsepower to pull the craft through the air, and two additional 500-horsepower engines in the rear to push. A “gondola” carrying one of these 500-horsepower en- gines is shown in the picture. Note also the huge wheels of the landing-gear. Great tanks carry almost 2,000 gal- Jons of fuel. The greatest attention is given to the stream-line construction, thus reducing the resistance offered to the air by the exposed parts of the framework. With a wing span of about 400 feet the Aviatik airplane is the largest in the world.

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J a ee F oti x ~~ % ge, seal Apo Sn Y 7 Elephants on Parade You may think you have seen enough parades in the past year orso to last you a lifetime. Ah, but when the elephants of the air parade, you get an entirely new set of thrills! The picture above shows one section of an “‘elephant’’ parade that took place recently at Arcadia, Cal. The monster gas-bags were lined up side by side and held in place by individual motor- trucks on the ground and by hundreds of soldiers holding ropes. When the parade began, the trucks moved forward slowly; so did the soldiers. The elephants moved with them, and the crowds near by enjoyed the spectacle. A Snake Memento ‘THE snake cherishes its rattle and adds a new section to it each year. It car- ries its rattle high in the air to protect it from harm. But when there are ten sec- tions to its rattle, the outside section usually wears off. Thus few snakes are found that have rattles of more than ten sections. A man in western Kansas kept the rattles of all the snakes he killed and mounted them on a card in star formation. These are the rattles from the various rattlesnakes that one brave Westerner killed; rattlers add one section a year to their rattles ioe These monster elephants of the air are lined up for parade; kept in place by trucks and hundreds of soldiers holding ropes CS rs ee SS they are A holder for fly-paper from being blown about by the wind and doing damage preventing the Making the Fly-Paper Stick to Business NEW JERSEY man has invented a device to keep fly-paper in one posi- tion and from being blown by the wind on to Father’s favorite chair or Mother’s most treasured lace curtains. It consists of a frame having grooves at each end to permit the insertion of the sheet of fly- paper. A narrow strip of wood is forced down into the groove over the paper to hold it taut. At the lower end of the frame three grooves are located for taking care of any variations in the lengths of the fly-paper. When the fly-paper is in its frame, it may be placed up in any convenient place, and will be so conspicuous as to be readily seen before being sat upon. In addition to being useful as a holder for fly-paper, the device can be used as an embroidery- frame or as a stretcher for cloth or paper. 62 Popular Science Monthly An eagle shot in Alaska. It measured seven feet nine inches from tip to tip. Hun- dreds of these mon- archs of the air can be seen in the course of a journey along the shores of the icy fjords of Alaska A Feathered Robber Baron of the Air ‘THis feathered monarch of the great Alaskan forests was shot near Wran- gel, and measured from the tip of one wing to the tip of the other seven feet nine inches. It is not unusual, when sailing among the fjords of Alaska, to see hun- dreds of these winged autocrats consort- ing, in really frivolous moods, among the debris along the shore, or screeching among the great forest giants that hold their nests. The eagle has ever been a symbol of power, imperious arrogance, and despot- ism. It is the last emblem, from that viewpoint, that should represent the ideals of democracy, under a republican form of government. But the eagle inspires also the idea of freedom, and of that it is a fit- ting emblem. ; The Eel and the Tortoise OU know the tale of the hare and the tortoise. Now hearken to the tale of the eel and the tortoise. Both of them were taking life easy hundreds of years ago, when a sudden flood, carrying wood, mud, and stones with it, overwhelmed them. The eel was wrapped arcund the turtle’s legs when they were trying to find shelter, and both of them were killed. How do we know this story? Because their bodies became fossilized, and were recently found in one of the many fossil- beds of Oklahoma. The eel and the tortoise died together hundreds of years ago, presum- ably in a devastating flood: their bodies were turned to stone June, 1! ee € I Hy ing the many | placed rays al rheum Pne a patie condit The b! good ¢ OR let clothe fluffy starte time | their 1 Anc their and b knobs up al mann

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June, 1920 many hospitals powerful electric lamps are placed inside reflectors and the piercing rays are used for treating Bright’s disease, rheumatism, influenza, and pneumonia. Pneumonia, especially, is a disease that a patient must fight by himself. And the condition of the blood is a deciding factor. The blood fights the poison, and, if it is in good condition, checks the infection. Fashions in Canes FOR a long time men have sat back and let the women wear all the gaudy clothes and carry the beaded bags and fluffy dogs. But now the men have started. Not long ago we saw for the first time brilliant satin lining peeping out of their new bell-shaped cuffs. The rays from a powerful light inside this reflector pen- etrate the patient’s skin and stimulate the blood-cells Fighting Disease with Light Rays H=*4t and light, it has been found, will help cure many ills. They stimulate both the red and the white blood-cells, caus- ing the cells to put up an active fight against disease germs. In The Breakfast that Won’t Get Cold LMOST as good as breakfast in bed is breakfast directly alongside your bed. Many hotels are now furnishing this near- home comfort. You order your breakfast, and shortly after a waiter wheels a serving- table into your room, and departs. The top of the table is properly set, and beneath it is an oven in which your break- fast waits. It will wait just as long as you want it to, and when you take it out it will be hot. Beneath the oven there is a small drawer holding a red-hot brick. The shelves of the oven are perforated and the heat from the brick rises. It snowed powder-puffs in this drug-store window: there are large ones, small ones, cheap ones, dear ones The House Built of Powder-Puffs N° home is complete without a powder-puff, but there is such a thing as too many powder-puffs. Here is a house that is liter- ally covered with them—ten-cent puffs, fifteen-cent ones, quarter “¢ Le) . J we eres Bi: ones, and even thirty-five-cent ones hang- ing all over the walls. Some of them are wool puffs, others velour. What’s the idea? Advertisement. The druggist in whose show-window the puffy house was built had so many powder-puffs he didn’t know what to do—until the idea of the puff house struck him. Stockings Come High! ] 0°K out when you buy silk stockings and be sure you ask the price first. If not you may sustain an almost total loss of one hundred dollars. That’s what they are charging for stockings in some shops on Broadway, New York. True, one hundred dollars doesn’t buy much these days; but And now men’s canes have lost their dignity. Puppies, pussy-cats, and baby bunnies are carved on their knobs. And the dear creatures. sit up and beg in the most touching Seon at least you can get three tires for your Ford for that amount, or buy your old shoes enough inner tubes to last for five years. © Kadel & Herbert Puppies, pussy-cats, and bun- The waiter wheels your breakfast in and departs. The top of the table is set and the food is in the oven beneath, where it is kept hot by a brick 63 The cost of high living has a striking illustration in this hundred-dollar pair of stockings nies carved on the knobs of canes. Are men too having fads now ?

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Place the work on the table, turn the table to a convenient position, lock it, and proceed with the work Turn the Table and Lock It A WORE FASLe that locks in thirty- six different positions, and which rotates on ball bearings, is indeed a ser- viceable accessory in the machine-shop. Any work that one may be engaged in, whether it be welding or merely the as- sembling of small parts, can be handled efficiently with this table. Instead of having to move the heavy object that is being manipulated on the table, to place it in convenient positions, it is secured to the table and the table turned on the ball bearings to the desired position, and locked. The locking device may be managed by a foot-pedal on the floor attached to the upright support of the table. For welding, the table is a valuable time-saver. The Line Doesn’t Tangle in This Container “Yy Bat a tangle!” And the carpen- ter reaches into his tool-box to un- tangle the chalk-line from his tools. That was the old way. The new way is to use the clever chalk-line container invented by Mr. Frank G. Pierce and Mr. Charles M. Propst, of Marshalltown, Iowa. It consists of a spool and a metal strip at the end of the spool under which the chalk-line is slid when it is desired to measure off a length of the line. How the new chalk-line contain- er is used to hold the line at any measured length A smaller table, which is made to rest upon the work- bench, also locks It may be made into a paper-hang- er’s bench or a painter’s scaffold —_—— The picture on the left shows the wood fibers of the rail tie torn and compressed by the old railroad spike. The new spike, shown on the right, has a twisted, fluted shank which bores its way into the wood. Its holding power is 42 per cent greater in both hard and soft wood The Importance of Railroad Tie Spikes W HEN the train runs smoothly along the rails no one thinks about the track and how important are such details as the spikes that‘hold the rails to the ties. Walk casually along a seldom used railroad switching branch. Look down at the rotting ties and see how the spikes seem to be so loosely embedded in the wood that one could almost pull them out by hand. Why is the holding power of the spikes so impaired? The Civil Engineering Testing Laboratories of Co- lumbia University, New York city, can answer the question. because a thorough test of the holding power of railroad spikes has been made there. When a spike is driven into a tie, the wood is forced downward and the fibers are pressed outward. A new type of spike has been devised which bores its way into the wood as it is driven in. The holding power of spikes is determined by the amount of surface in contact with the wood and by the condition of the wood fibers. The new spike has 25 per cent greater surface area than the old spike, and it is fluted so that it compresses rather than crushes the wood fibers. 64 Popular Science Monihly A painter’s trestle that can be easily folded into a small compass for carrying from place to place A Folding Trestle for the House-Painter ANEAT bundle of boards, then, presto! it is changed into a table or a plat. form, a trestle or a painter’s swing bridge or scaffold. The patent granted to Mr. Alvin Leonard, of Carbondale, Pa., introduces an interesting device serviceable to paper- hangers, painters, and carpenters. It is literally a collapsible trestle which may be folded into a compact bundle easily carried. Mr. Leonard made it because he found that he needed something more convenient to carry than a step-ladder and planks for a painter’s trestle. He used it in his work as painter and paper-hanger; his fellow workers discovered that it would serve for anything, from a table or a bench, to a “swing bridge.” Two Eggs that Grew as One GGS of the kind shown below are: not of unusual occurrence, accord- ing to poultry experts. Various kinds. of: freak eggs, sometimes one egg within an- other, sometimes two yolks, sometimes two eggs attached end to end, are reported. Some disorder in the egg-making pro- cess is held responsible. For example, the shell-making substance begins to do its work while another yolk is forming. > An egg that has one shell inside the other. Such freaks are due to a disorder in the egg-making process within the hen an ann oe lCUumlCUMlUt)hC lft a lhe

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June, 1920 Rewards for Cleanliness Bring Quick Results Shoe-Shines Free! How One Cobbler Attracts Patrons A tannery that offers prizes for cleanliness. On the blackboard the winners are recorded regularly * ELL! Here’s a chance to win a prize,” the workers in a big plant reflected a dozen times each day. As they thought about it, they set to work cleaning up their department. Posted on a blackboard in a large tan- nery is a list of the winners of prizes for cleanliness in the various departments. The idea of rewarding workers for keep- ing their departments in extra-fine order proved entirely satisfactory, and resulted in a tannery that is ready to bear scrutiny all the time. A Doll’s House Equipped for the Queen of Dolls OR five years Albert Langley of Cambridge, Mass., has worked on the doll’s house shown in the picture. It is complete to the minutest detail. All the rooms are papered, varnished, and equipped with electric lights. A parlor, dining-room, kitchen, pantry, laundry, and reception-hall occupy the first floor; bedrooms and bath, the second. There are shades and curtains to all the windows. A flytrap useful where flies gather in num- bers. An electrically driven fan sucks them in Fanning Flies to Destruction in an Ingenious Trap i HE air smells good around here,’’ says Mr. Fly as he begins to circle around the entrance to a remarkable fly- trap invented by Mr. Harry Pakeman, of Columbus, Ohio. The fact that the air near the trap is permeated with the odor of the bait is the curious result of an early experiment of the inventor. He made a trap which consisted of a fan, rotated by a motor and producing suction strong enough to draw the flies into a net bag at the back of the trap. This resulted in a fairly good catch of flies. But after the first victims were safe in the trap the other flies in the room gathered around the net bag, apparently much interested in the fate of their brothers. They were thus at the wrong end of the trap to be caught. _ The real reason for this conduct on the part of the flies was not curiosity. It was the enticing odor of the bait blown out. into the air through the net bag. « This gave the inventor a tip, and in his im- proved flytrap he has arranged the ro- tating fan-so that the suction compart- ment or entrance to the trap is just above the bag of victims. Now the inquisitive flies that come make a long stay. One drawn trade by a free shoe- shining device before his shop shoe-répaic _man_ has STEP up to the front of a shoe-repair shop and get a free shine. Into a little window at the bottom of the counter the dusty shoes are placed, and the brushes quickly do their best to ‘“‘shine them up.” While the revolving shoe-brush is pol- ishing your shoes it inspires a warm feeling for the enterprising repair-man who in- stalled it, and if you need to have any re- pairing done, you conclude that le is just the man todoit. Hundreds of people come every day to the shon, and are held by this artful device. Argentina That’s the Place to Travel In [*: instead of returning all the rail- roads to their original owners, the government had handed them over to the Argentine Railroad Company, how happy we wouid be! This Argentine company gives its passengers real food to eat and real drinks to drink. What is more, there is a piano at the end of each dining-car. Music, wine, good food— what could mortal wish for more? WHE Five years of spare moments were néeded for building this minutely perfect doll’s house. Every room is completely equipped 65 Phere is-a piino in each dining-car on the Argen- tine Railroad. Music and wine with your meals

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Popular Science Monthly =| Making Bamboo Needles for Talking-Machines Cresove, isn’t it, that the soft, sweet sounds of Galli- Curci’s voice can This machine come to the ear through the fibers of a finishes the split bamboo phonograph-needle! These nee- whee bamboo strips les b . and makes them dles are made by machinery. . 77

caady foc.the The tall canes from the bamboo thicket the 1 pro sf ese ot = cut into sections and selected carefully some pointingbyhand before being sent to the factory to be cure

made into needles. Attention is given to slot keeping the enameled outside surface of are ' the bamboo intact to make the hardened whe point of the needle. By machine the ¥ sections of bamboo are split into 10,000 the needles an hour. Then each needle is far i pointed by hand. The prism-shaped spee pieces are inserted in a triangular bushing othe on a cutting-machine and a perfect point The sections of bamboo are split at is obtained by running out to the cortex the rate of 10,000 needles an hour side of the bamboo. These machines Use turn out thirty thousand needles a day. Listen to the Sea-Shell on Your T Phonograph pen A NOVEL way of listening to the = F music or spoken words of 2a phono- t graph has been developed with the aid of Pe a conch-shell. The large open end of the C shell serves as a projector of the sound- fle waves—here waves of music instead of _ the waves of the sea. The small end of - the shell is attached to the phonograph. it It may be attached as a horn would be, oon on the outside of the mechanism, or it car may be placed within the body of the — cabinet to project the sound through the <- _ usual outlet. al When one holds a conch-shell to his me ear, what does he hear? The familiar wl saying is that he listens to the waves of | the sea rolling and breaking upon the 3 The revolving tray that automatically assorts glistening beach; and it is true that the . the rivets and bolts according to length sound calls up before his mind’s eye some res such picture, the more vividly that he crc How Money Can Be Made He gets all the knows the source whence the shell has Bul . benefits of run- come. But in reality he hears only the in) From the Scrap-Pile ning, without faint outside sounds that are one by = t : ‘lo ; : moving forward the peculiar shape of the shell sounding- $ enn daek ‘i a aan a board and concentrated in his ear. This sh tural steel plants, from which rivets and device of Nature for gathering the sound = bolts in great numbers can be salvaged. combines satisfactorily with the vibrating Two machines have been invented to do apparatus of the talking-machine. The - this economically. Above one of them sound-board of _the a — a revolving tray is placed, provided with vibrations and — 7 ee ee. slots to accommodate bolts of certain sizes The poeneerens © : and of any length. Two operators place egg - b t so the bolts in the slots as the tray slowly oe Sig I re n cd revolves. As each rivet or bolt reaches all the conch-she baer the device set for its length, it is tripped an ornament ith ire or dropped through a. chute to its keg. nibs with our Thus, simply and faultlessly, are the bolts grand-mother. and rivets assorted for length. * Under the old method men had to meas. Even Your Running You Can Tie shell attached to a ure the bolts by hand, and at best could . honograph projects the assort only about 12 kegs in a 12-hour day. Now Do by Machinery sound, concentrating the Two men can do this by machine at the RUNNING is very good for the health, vibrations. Placed with- rate of 7,500 rivets an hour, or about 100 but in these days of crowded cities q i the cabinet chasse kegs a day, with a saving of $6.84 a ton. -man can’t run very far without having a ograph, & wosks 98 We 4a In a power-driven assembling machine the bolts are threaded quickly. When a bolt is placed in position, a slight pressure of the workman’s foot on a lever, imparts a forward or a reverse motion as desired. Of the bolts and-rivets in the scrap-pile 90 per cent. need only a cleaning up of the burred threads, and this is accomplished by the machine satisfactorily, reducing by 85 per cent. the power required under other methods with a total saving of $6.73. policeman run after him and grab him by the shoulder: it looks suspicious. You can have your daily run, however, if you get one of the new running-machines -Shown here. Instead of moving forward at each step you take, you remain in the same spot. The pathway slides backward on steel tracks located at the ends of the running-machine. The man who is shown in the picture using the machine is Jack Cooper, a well known trainer. 66

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June, 1920 More Speed from the Pedals of Your Bicycle if You Use this Weird Model ITH its frame extended in the rear, supporting a sprocket- wheel that is connected by a chain to a smaller geared wheel, a new type of bicycle makes its appearance. The pedals are attached to two levers. somewhat like a pair of huge scissors. are worked up and down. far in the rear. speeds, and can be adapted to drive other mechanisms than that of a bicycle. Use Your Canoe for an Um- brella When It Rains "THE watertight hull of the canoe can be used to advantage on dry land as well as in the water and it acts as effi- ciently in keeping out water from above as from below. When dusk approaches and the sky lets out raindrops instead of stars, the canoeist can lift his craft out of the water and make use of it as a tent. Canvas, cot and supporting poles are folded and tucked into the bottom cf the canoe. Held in place by a pair of bars pivotally connected, are the supports that can readily be taken out and set up to carry the canoe. The bottom of the frail craft becomes the main support for the canvas of the tent. The canvas is thrown over the hull and staked down, or it can merely be thrown over one side, forming a “lean-to”’ To afford shelter for a folding cot the canoe is turned upside down, and one end of it is raised from the ground until it rests upon the supporting-standards. A cross-bar connects the standards at a suitable height. The canoe-tent is the invention of Mr. Ralph Douglass George, of Kansas City, and to him the belated ‘canoeist will return fervent thanks when a shower comes up, if he has been wise enough to provide himself with the appa- ratus described. It adds very little to the weight of a canoe. Here is a canoe that carries along its tent-poles and itself becomes the chief support for the canvas These are pivoted to the frame, and as-the bicycle is propelled, they work criss-cross, A stout steel pin se- cured to the sprocket-wheel works backward and forward in a slot in each lever, as the pedals at the other end of the levers This motion revolves the sprocket- wheel, operates the chain, and turns the rear wheel. The bicycle rider has the satisfaction of keeping the dirty grease of the chain and sprocket-wheel The device provides different A rubber ball around the hen’s leg takes her mind off the subject of setting To Keep the Hens from Setting at the Wrong Time A ting when they should devote them- selves to laying, has been invented by John J. Gottschalk, of Taunton, Mass. It consists of a hollow rubber ball with opposite star-shaped openings to allow the passage of the hen’s leg through the ball. The rubber will en- gage on opposite sides of the joint of one leg, and \ \ stay make any attempt at set- Niet ting a thoroughly one- sided affair. The device, being of rubber and resil- ient, is not sufficiently rigid to be likely to injure the hen in any way, even though it effectually pre- vents the bending of her ‘leg. Ore cannot but specu- late upon the thoughts of the lady fowl who is thus handicapped from carry- ing out her heart’s desire. It is rather rough on her, we frankly admit, and her reflections can starcely be complimentary to man, but since the invention works to the good of hu- manity,the poor creature’s personal preferences must needs be disregarded. - 67 A new arrangement for driving a bicycle, having the trans- mission-gear placed behind the rear wheel. This patented device can be arranged to furnish different speeds - to,6 in. long. - out the year. DEVICE to prevent hens from set- . A Free Home With a Barbed- Wire Fence for the Owl N Arizona and New Mexico, where the giant cactus rises from 15 to 20 ft. above the landscape, the elf owl is found? This little bird is the ‘‘vest-pocket edi- tion’ of the owl family: and is hardly larger than a sparrow, being only from 5 Its color is gray or brown _,and its specialty consists in making its * home in abandoned woodpecker-holes in the giant cactus. The owl roosts in ‘these holes through- During .the egg-laying season, the mother bird deposits her eggs in the holes without going to the trouble of making a nest. Since the woodpecker- holes are usually well up on the trunk, _ little danger can come from below, and the stiff spines act as an additional guard against intruders. Shev'd the woodpeck- ers return to their old homes there might be trouble, but they never do. The food of this inconspicuous little desert-dweller consists of grasshoppers and bugs—a very modest diet. Interesting as the bird is, because of its shyness and its small size, only a few persons have ever seen it or know of its existence. The abandoned woodpecker holesin a tall cac- . tus are just what the elf owl wants for a nest

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Popular Science Monthly Counting Miles on a Typewriter TTACH a cyclometer to your type- writer. The arrangement is merely an adaptation of an ordinary cyclometer. It counts words by the mile. A metal bar can be soldered to the space- bar of one’s typewriter and fixed so that it extends far enough to engage the cog-wheel of the cyclometer. Allowing one touch of the space-bar as a true division between words, it takes just so many depressions of the bar to cause the cog to make one revo- lution. The cyclometer is firmly fixed to the same base as that which supports the An Indiana farmer giving his wheat a bath. The seeds are placed in a cylindrical tank which revolves in a wooden tub filled with hot water typewriter, and it registers one column in tenths of miles. Counting the num- ber of words neces- sary to make a tenth of a mile and calculating «ahead, it is found that there are 750 words in every mile. A space must be made at the end of each line or allow- ance should’ be made and the num- ber of lines counted as words, and added to the registered number. A _ cog- wheel can be soldered to any form of rotary counter, if one needs his cyclometer on the bicycle or the automobile, and if the spacing between words is truly recorded, the number of words can be quickly read. Authors who measure their output in thousands of words may figure instead how A clever adaptation of a cyclometer attached to the extended space-bar of a typewriter measures words by the mile and suggests long-distance typing races many miles they accomplish each year. Reckoning twenty-five words to a foot, the author may refer to a new one-mile novel he is contemplating, while he dashes off a little story less than % mile long, and a yard or two of verse. The device also opens possibilities of typewriting races by the mile. Baths for Wheat to Keep It Healthy lf wheat seeds are given a hot, steaming bath before they are sown, they will grow into healthier stalks. Smut and similar wheat diseases, which often ruin as much as a quarter of the wheat crop, will be washed away. Giving wheat seeds their bath, however, ’ has ‘always been a slow process. But Russell East, of Indiana, has recently in- vented a bathing device that will clean as much as one hundred bushels a day. The first step is to soak the seeds in cold water for about three hours. Then they are dumped into a cylindrical tank that is covered with wire screening. The next step is to lower the tank into a wooden bath-tub that is filled with water having a tempera- ture of 120° F. The tank is revolved for a minute and then withdrawn. Steam is forced into the water, pushing the tem- perature up to 129°. Then the wheat is given a second bath that lasts for ten minutes. When the seeds are removed and dried they will be absolutely pure. A chain hoist and track take care of the raising and lowering of the cylinder, and the steam is piped from a traction engine. Smut and other diseases that wheat is heir to, are washed away by this process, and the wheat goes into the ground in a healthy condition, to grow up strong and well, a comfort to the farmer. Taking Kinks Out of Street-Car Tracks AILS that have been used under heavy traffic conditions for some time without having been smoothed by regrinding will make riding in a street-car quite as exciting as will a flat wheel on the ear. All rails become rough in spots through the grinding effect of the wheels in starting and stopping the cars, and must be reground at regular intervals to avoid dis- comfort to trolley patrons and injury to the rolling stock. Formerly the rails were reground by a simple grinding tool operated by two men . sitting facing each other on low benches over the rail and pushing the grinder back and forth by hand, as shown in one of the accompanying pictures. The other picture illustrates one of the modern electric rail- grinders used with success on many large European street railway systems. The motor which operates the grinder, and which receives its current from the overhead wires or a storage battery, is enclosed in a hooded box mounted on Formerly rails were reground with a hand- operated tool. The modern electrically driven grinder, pictured on -the right, does the same amount of work in ‘one fifth of the time wheels. The grinding tools are suspended by chains from a pole at one end of the cart, while the other end is weighted with sand- boxes and provided with a rack-and-pinion mechanism by means of which that end may quickly be raised, thus lifting the wheels off the ground. The electric rail- grinder accomplishes work that formerly required the efforts of two men, and does it in less time. Also, this grinder never gets tired of its job and the monotony of removing kinks does not concern it. 68 mam & _3 A ee heed

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June, 1920 | - mem | ae 4 a o_ Cutting through Steel Ship Plates The steamship Lord Dufferin, after having 65 feet of her stern cut away, was beached off the Statue of Liberty. The under-water arc-cutter was used in salvage operations "THERE are sunken steel ships not too deeply submerged to be salvaged at a profit. In attempting the task of salvag- ing, vessels of massive structure must be manipulated in mechanical ways that vary in almost every instance. The methods employed to lift one ship may not be suit- able for raising another. But in nearly every case, especially where pumps must be put in below the water and where cutting and welding must be done, the cutting of ‘ steel under water is a difficulty. In the past dynamite has occasionally been used but it has always proved ineffective and, destructive. A useful tool for the salvage crew is a recently patented device which consists of a powerful are through which flows a current of oxygen, employed for cutting metal plates under water. The electric current raises the are to an enormous degree of heat, so great that it will cut through a sheet of steel with the ease of a knife cut- ting through cardboard. The metal be- comes a field of molten craters as the tip of the current-bearing electrode is passed across it. The arc itself is formed in the usual way, and when formed gives off an amount of heat which converts the sur- rounding water into steam so rapidly that the water is prevented from coming into contact with the arc-crater. Thus the temperature of the metal is not lowered by the water. The under-water arc-cutter demon- strated its usefulness and value in the work of salvaging the steamship Lord Dufferin which was beached off the Statue of Liberty in New York harbor, after having sixty-five feet of her stern cut away. She The Great Junk-Heap of Panama [NX the thriving town of Balboa on the Pacific side of Panama, junk and scrap that has accumulated during the building of the canal is gathered, classified, and sold. There is a scrap dock eighty-two feet wide and five hundred feet long that has a capacity for fifteen thousand tons of scrap. In the wasteful days before 1914, valuable left-over pieces of iron, steel, copper, brass, and finished rail were dumped into the jungle. But since that time scrap gangs have gathered approximately three hun- dred thousand tons of junk. A large percentage of this scrap is made up of obsolete construction equipment left by the French Canal Company years ago. A great scrap dock has been built at Balboa at the Pacific end of the Panama Canal. Junk left from building the canal is sent there, classified, and sold 69 Under Water was in a sinking condition and partly sub- merged when the salvage work was under- taken. The arec-cutter was employed for the submerged sections and was driven cleanly and quickly through the heavy plates. They were cut as evenly and accurately as those sections above the water. The surrounding surface of steel, which was heated to a condition of molten craters by the current-bearing electrode to facilitate the work of the arc-cutter, rapidly resumed its normal smoothness when the work was accomplished and the electrode removed. Without this ingenious. instrument it probably would’ have been necessary to employ dynamite in the salvage operations on the Lord Dufferin, and in consequence much valuable material would have been destroyed in the process of saving the rest. This waste, once considered unavoidable, was entirely eliminated by the under water arc-cutter. Pitchforks that carry hay from the ground to the loft Automatic Pitchforks (5 ETTING hay into the hay-loft is one of the farmer’s problems. Farm help- ers are scarce and, in consequence, high- priced. But there is a new machine that acts as a hay elevator, and requires but two men in attendance, one on the ground to do the loading and the other in the loft to rake off the hay when it arrives. The elevating is done by a well spiked endless chain, like a series of pitchforks, that revolves around a trough. The trough, mounted on wheels, is raised to the re- quired angle by a windlass before the chain is set in motion. The chain may be revolved either by a handle or by a pulley connected with an engine. When the hay is dumped in the bottom of the trough the spikes come along and carry it up to the top. If front wheels of the wagon base are set ‘ at‘right angles to the wagon body they can be moved backward and forward in a wide semicircle.

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;

Popular Science Monthly | Brawn versus Brains in Society pays more for services of window-cleaners

No one would think of trying to run even a small business without keeping an account of receipts and expenditures. This is the gage , — : that regulates the conduct of business, and the records must be "= ; ' carefully kept. The bookkeeper’s place in the business world is one of importance. He must be a man of ability and education, and especially trained for his work, to which he must bring a certain # natural fitness. Society demands of him that he be.a man of alert | a mentality and a stable character, capable of long and steady con- Be ,

centration. There is no variety in his work, and his hours are those of the day laborer. His necessity to business: is established: But the financial recognition accorded the bookkeeper is compara- tively slight. If he receives $40 a week he must be a good one

Here is a man who must be an American citizen, must pass the civil service examination and acquire technical training for his work. It is necessary for him to be physically sound, and he is often called upon to tax his strength to the utmost. Moreover, in the performance of his duty it is frequently necessary for the fireman to risk his life to save —_== <== = == ? the lives and property of others, and he braves danger as a he ae a = matter of course. There is no question of his value to the community. But his courage and his value receive scant acknowledgment from society which pays more for its clean windows. The fireman, with his skill and tech- nical training, receives only half the remuneration ac- corded the bricklayer. His pay is about $30 a week

— . Se = “ail ‘ ‘ The pendulum of wages swings to the other extreme—to the a ii a ss job that demands more brawn than brain! Consider the . teamster. The man who drives a horse and delivers your boxes or trunks is paid for his service a minimum of $31.a week

The men and women of to-morrow are being trained in the school- if he is an eight-hour-day man. It is possible for him to 1nake room to-day. ‘There is no work more important to society than that of far more by overtime work. He steps into his place the teacher. His task is not an easy one, and requires years of educa- without the need of years at college, or the years of tion for it. The salary of the average teacher is about $20 a week specialized effort demanded of the teacher and the chemist

70

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June, 1920 the Struggle for Existence than for those of highly trained white-collar men Here is the prince of brawn workers. The bricklayer receives $60 a week. Although his work requires a degree of skill, he needs no education for it, and he may even be unable to speak or write the English language. His chil- dren go to school to a $20-a-week teacher with education and training The n.an in the lab- oratory analyzes our food, and _ public health depends much on his devotion to his work. His value to industry is recog- nized, and _ science Owes many of her great discoveries to the chemist. Yet so- ciety rewards his ser- vices with an average pay of $40 a week fs Ke 2 ; ; _ * a Ok > “ao wt A school-teacher who tires of his job need not worry if he can get one washing windows. He will certainly fare better as far as pay is concerned and the hours will not be as tedious. The pay for organized window- cleaners starts at a minimum of $32 a week and extends to more than $40. But clean windows are a necessity. It is a question whether a window-cleaner would swap places with a school teacher, though the work of the teacher is considered higher in the social scale The pay of a printer ranges from $36 a week to $14 a day, if overtime is counted. He does not need to exercise his brain to any great extent, nor does he require much education. His job is a mechanical one that involves no danger like that of the fireman, nor is it so taxing as that of the bookkeeper 71

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Out-of-door sleeping is made comfortable by this canvas house built on a folding cot A Room and Bed APVANTAGES of an enclosed sleeping porch with none of its expense are provided by a folding cot with a small can- vas house built on it. The canvas covering fits over a light frame and buttons to the sides and ends of the cot, so that the sleep- ing quarters can be made ready or dis- mantled in a few moments. The sides of the cot house are provided with openings, netted to keep out mos- quitoes and furnished with flaps that can be let down. There are also windows at each end. The cot is designed for use on open porches or on camping trips. Tongues Out! HAT a fine excuse these children have for sticking out their tongues! Their totem-pole does it, so why shouldn’t they? But you can readily see from the mis- chievous expressions on their faces that they are simply taking advantage of their religion. Extending the tongue is a relig- ious rite among the Maoris. They are Polynesians. Tattooing is their specialty; sometimes they cover their entire bodies with elaborate designs. Maori children enjoying a rite of their religion which calls for tongues out! The blind man tells time by a watch on which raised knobs represent the hours Feeling What Time It Is “TET me see what time it is,’’ says the . blind man, falling unconsciously into’ the speech of those with eyes. But what he actually does is feel the time. He has a watch made especially for the blind. Instead of figures on the dial there are raised knobs, and the watch is so con- structed that the owner can run his fingers over the face without damaging the hands. One knob means one o’clock, and also four, seven, and ten o’clock: for the hours two, five, eight, and eleven there are two knobs, and for the hours three, six, nine, and twelve there are three knobs. small beside its towering neighbor. Hundreds of years ago these Chinese char- acters were carved on the great rocks of Amoy Popular Science Monthly tea i) Cabin and lens for concentrating sun rays on a patient’s body.” The invention of a French physician Harnessing the Sun’s Rays THT the rays of the sun can be used for curing many skin diseases, and that sun baths are beneficial to those who are in perfect health, is well known. The problem of utilizing this agency in northern countries where the hours of sunshine are few has been solved, he claims, by a Brit- tany doctor, M. J. de Thezac. His invention consists of a revolving cabin, combined with a huge lens for con- centrating the rays on any part of the enclosed patient’s body. This installation has just been tested in the neighborhood of Quimper, France. The Writing on the Rock N° wonder the Chinese worship their ancestors! They are always coming across some great work that their ancestors did. At Amoy, for instance, are huge rocks covered with Chinese characters carved on them many centuries ago. How did the honorable ancestors scale the sides of the rocks? What instruments did they carve with? Why did they do it? The monstrous rocks covered with these carvings are larger than houses. The Chinese dwelling in the picture looks very Perh worlc A Die HERE diamc the doub emblem o is valued diamonds ten carat Forty-e ing field ures four half inche Are We “ A®®! says two nine | morning 2 it is now why Engl hour clock it will do and P.M’ Clock f modate tl] the usua likely diss their plac Whethe the day « has not bi The twe

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June, 1920 +*e neta” ¢ bad T . @eo%: Ps 2 €O%° 6 CHHVGEASIVOSH * 2S © E® Perhaps the most valuable bird in the world is this double eagle of diamonds A Diamond Double Eagle HERE are nine hundred and fourteen diamonds in the wings and body of the double eagle which represents the emblem of a Scottish Masonic order. It ig valued at $25,000, and its weight in diamonds is a little over one hundred and ten carats. Forty-eight rubies glow in this amaz- ing field of white brilliance which meas- wes four and one half by five and one half inches. Are We Going to Have Thirteen o’Clock? A®RIVING nine o’clock, Saturday,” says the telegram. But there are two nine o’clocks in Saturday, one in the morning and the other at night. Timeas it is now told may be confusing. That’s why England is trying out a twenty-four hour clock in Greenwich. If it is adopted it will do away with the confusing A.M’s and P.M’s. Clock faces will be enlarged to accom- modate the twenty-four hour marks and the usual Roman numerals will very likely disappear, Arabic numerals taking their places. : Whether thirteen o’clock will represent the day or night time one o’clock of old has not been announced. The twenty-four hour clock proposed by England will make one round a day 285 Sail High | = HAT a thrill, to swing at the end of a rope ladder, ‘dangling at an altitude of a thousand feet in the air! When the balloon begins to rise the earth falls away below and the mountains of vapor overhead loom closer and larger. Objects on the ground or upon the sea become smaller, until finally the unaided eyesight cannot distinguish them. Then the men of the. balloon corps take their marine. glasses, cameras, or telescopes and bring the earth’s details: into better. view. When a number of free balloons are “let go” it is curious that they do not all travel together in the same direction. The explanation is that air currents are different at different levels. If one balloon rises higher than-the others it may be caught in a current that will whisk it away in’ a totally different direc- tion from its companions. In a balloon race that started at St. Louis, Mo.; one balloon traveled. a_dis- tance of 1,050 miles; another went 920 miles; while a ‘third reached only 860 miles from the starting point. Dangling in the air from a rope ladder is sport for the midshipmen of the air Our Midshipmen of -the Air.. er... The dial enables the building én- gineer to calculate rapidly the weight or size of structural parts It Measures Dimensions ‘TRE rapid dial calculator is a handy instrument for the building engineer and others who would find quickly the results of figures in the building of stand- ard forms for reinforcing. It enables one to find at once the depth of a concrete beam to carry a given load, or to find the size of concrete slabs’ and beams of different carrying capacities. It may also be used to figure the thickness of wooden planks and boards to carry certain loads, or to check the relative dimensions of wood or concrete beams and slabs designed to carry the same loads. A few movements of the disk of the dial ' and the figures can be read from the face of the calculator, a little work is done with the pencil, and the facts are known. To Protect Eye-Glasses AS the train started with a jerk the elderly man was thrown violently against the man ahead of him in the aisle. While making his apologies he hurriedly pulled an eye-glass case from his vest pocket, and one glance told him that his reading glasses were broken. The man with whom he had collided pulled out his own case. “It wouldn’t have happened,” he said sympathetically—“‘the breakage, I mean—if you’d had this,’ and he displayed a piece of brass wire formed to fit inside the case and having a hump in the middle to keep the cover in place. Helping the case keep the glasses safe is the job of the bit of brass

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Popular Science Monthly { Glass Houses for Marine Searchlights ALUMINUM pontoons having glass- walled chambers on their under Cots are quickly made comfortable in a folding tent frame that serves for camping or in field hospitals Here’s a New Folding Tent for Tourists A TENT frame which will fold up to be stored in a small space and which when open will be rigid enough to hold the canvas without sagging in wind and rain, is the invention of Monroe Buck, of Glens Falls, N. Y. Four corner posts are provided, each formed in two sections. A folding tie- beam held in place by a brace serves as support for the cots. Metal strips which hold the cots in position can be removed by unlocking. The automobile tourist who would enjoy the full outdoor life can carry the tent attached to the side of his car. The tent frame is also serviceable where field hospitals are required. It is so simple in construction that one man can easily handle it and erect it. A Tip from the Circus AS the lady in spangled tights seem- ingly defies laws of gravitation on the flying trapeze, she and the audience are saved from the possibility of one thrill too many, by the life-net stretched below. The decks of a submarine offer scarcely greater security than a trapeze, so taking a tip from the circus, men at work on the U. S. S. R-13 in dry dock at Boston stretched a net around her when they had the job of fitting up a deck gun during slippery weather last winter. When a workman slipped and slid down the slip- pery sides of the hull, he landed lightly znd safely in the life-net. Of course a real sea-dog is supposed to have fishhooks for fingers and to be able to hang on by his eyelids whén necessary, but the life-net increased efficiency by increasing confidence. Just astern of the submarine in the picture is the U. S. S. Savdnnah being fitted up as a “mother ship” for the R-18 and her kind. sides are a recent invention for the aid of salvagers. It is often necessary to have a strong light which can be cast down- ward along the side of a sunken hull. With powerful electric lights mounted in the glass chambers of the aluminum pon- toons, it is possible to direct the light in almost any manner desired. | Divers are enabled to see how to attach hawsers to the hulks, or they can repair Falling overboard from a submarine in drydock- would ‘be bone-breaking business were it not for the life-net 74 A sunken ship with aluminum glass- chambered pontoons on each side of it A tongue- and groove-locking device protects this box against the unscru- pulous who make use of famous labels A Self-Destroying Box "THE principal reason for non-refillable bottles has departed but unless the eandy habit is amended out of our con- stitution the non-refillable box has a use- ful future. The one illustrated is the invention of Paul Richard, of Lebanon, Pa., who has devised a way by which the box will be so damaged in opening as to be useless for repacking, but not so broken as to spill the contents. He relies on a tongue and slot to do the trick. In the box cover at the right of the illustration can be seen one of the two tongues which, when the cover is placed on the box, slip into the slot visible in the box at the left of the illustration. It holds the cover locked to the box so that to remove the cover the locking tongues must be torn out; thus insuring against the duplicity of man which sometimes leads him to put inferior goods in boxes with famous labels. Manufacturers who have given years to making their labels familiar to the public, and establishing their guar- antee of “good goods,” have given these labels a distinct value. Before the ad- vent of the self-destroying box there was no way of circumventing the man who appropriated them. June, 1920 Transf from ¢ other o to giv: Raising for th oN to tr small cay might wel tion to b At least Newman, has found supplies sc collectors and some’ much as butterfly. in all part: All that in which grow, wit! of the inse fly feedin her in a food plan’ that wou caterpilla: change to themselve degrees in Within ti butterfly On the I cater pilla: producing day. —_—_- 1] ee

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June, 1920 Transferring caterpillars from one plant to an- other on a butterfly farm to give them fresh food Raising Butterflies . for the Market NYONE who wishes to try farming where small capital is needed might well turn his atten- tion to butterfly culture. At least one man, Mr. Newman, of Kent, England has found it profitable. He supplies schools and private collectors with specimens and sometimes receives as much as $50 for a single butterfly. He has customers inall parts of the world. All that is necessary is a small garden in which many varieties of plants will grow, with some knowledge of the habits of the insects. You find the female butter- fly feeding on its favorite plant, enclose her in a small gauze bag tied over the food plant as a safeguard against enemies that would destroy eggs or the young caterpillars, and then watch while eggs change to caterpillars. These spin round themselves silk shrouds, or change by degrees into strange-looking mummy cases. Within two or three weeks a moth or a butterfly will emerge from the shroud. Qn the Kent butterfly farm over 70,000 caterpillars are maturing at one time peneing an average of 500 butterflies a ay. to the shipper to use again The caterpillars are held prisoners on a plant by the gauze bags tied over them ‘Return Empty Crates for Refilling AN empty crate travel- ing back to the ship- per takes as much space as a filled one and for that reeson most crates are a dead loss after being used once. To avoid this waste Eugene B. Johnston, of Glen Hope, Pa., has de- vised a folding crate which takes but little space when not filled and can be used many times. It has hinged end and side walls which fold and hooks at the ends that catch into a slotted plate which holds the walls in an erect position when in use. The crate has reinforcing slats to enable it to withstand rough usage. These are so placed that they lie under the end slats when folded. Cousins of the Chinese? HUMBOLDT, the great naturalist, sug- gested long ago that the Alaskan natives came from . Mongolian stock. This belief gains strength when we com- pare the arts and crafts of the Alaskan Indians with those of the Chinese and Japanese. The haired and- bearded mask shown in the photograph is the work of Kuskoquin Indians, but it oe ig ae fe a Photo by William Thompson Did our Alaskan Indians come from China? Their craftmanship suggests the possibility Examples of their art are curiously like that of ancient Mongolia is very like the war masks of the early Mongol war- riors. The figure on the left, another. of Indian production, represents in form the art of the ancient stone workers, specimens of which are found in the southern Yenisi Kurgany region by Marie Antoinette Czaplicka, who headed the Oxford Siberian Arctic Ex- pedition and who is now lecturing in this country. | The baskets shown in the illustration are the work of the Attu Indians of Alaska, a. fast disappearing race. The baskets are woven un- der water from a very fine tough sea-grass which seems also to be disappearing. 75 Nut picking device to help California har- vest a fifty million pound crop of walnuts Trapping Walnuts PICKING fifty million pounds of wal- nuts in California’s 1920 harvest will be simplified by the nut-trap invented by J. F. Franke, of Santa Ana. The device is an iron funnel attached to a long wooden handle. Wires extend down the sides of the funnel curving upward at the bottom to end in coils hung inside the funnel. The walnut-picker drops the funnel over the nut on the ground, presses it to open springs which close again over the nut, like a trap. The Vampire IF you have never seen a real vampire, prepare to see one now; for a picture of one appears below. “But she’s not beautiful or even fascinating!” you say. Ah, no! A_ genuine dyed-in-the-wool vampire is an ugly old bat that steals forth at night and bleeds her victims— usually chickens. This-bat and many like her live in the neighborhood of Kalacoon, British Guiana. There is a Zoological Research Station there and one of the men connected with it says ‘‘These vampires drew the blood of our pets and chickens but never molested us though we often heard the swish of their wings and felt the air fanned as they brushed our faces.”’ The vampire as she really is

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A pivoted ex- tension fitted with a saddle provides a freely mova- ble seat for the tired busy barber Popular Science M onthly Lifted above all mundane cares this gentleman takes the air. Do you envy his perfect poise ? A Seat for the Barber [NSTEAD of having to stand, while he shaves a patron or cuts his hair, the barber can now take a seat, and easily move himself around from one side of his victim to the other. The long-whiskered man holds no terrors now for the tired barber. Seated upon the saddle of an iron extension fixed to the chair, he can take plenty of time to doa good job, propelling himself around com- fortably with his feet on the floor. Carry a Light About Without Holding It “\7OU’LL have to take another man with you to hold the light,’’ warned the night foreman as Big Jim started in a dark corner of the plant on a trouble- hunting expedition to the power switch- board. But Big Jim only grinned. ‘See this little jigger?’”’ and he snapped on to an overall suspender-button a battery-lamp so that it hung just below the level of his face and threw its beam this way and that as he moved his body. ‘‘This is as good as daylight, and I’ve got both hands free for the job.” Big Jim’s “little jigger’’ was just a convenient application of the familiar electric battery lamp. ————— This electric battery-lamp has a device for attaching it to the work- man’s chest, leaving his hands free The Man Higher Up TILTS and their troubles fade into insignificance before the new unicycle shown above. The more we look at it the less we seem able to explain how the owner manages to stay on top and read his morning paper so unconcernedly. The small wheel is far below him. He sits on a saddle and pedals with his feet, but he has no other visible means of sup- port. His situation suggests that of the impecunious gentleman whose wife sup- ported him on her needle. How does he start? How does he stop. when he gets in heavy traffic? How does ‘he keep his balance between times? And, finally, how does he steer himself around corners? 76 _ distance of about 180 mi. Chief Shake now keeps this historic war- canoe in the grounds near his house Chief Shake’s War-Canoe ]N past centuries Mongolian tribes navigated long expanses of the Pacific in their war- canoes and these voyages led to the migration of the peoples of the Far East to the islands of the Pacific. Between the Maori war-canoe and the Alaskan Indian dug-out there is little, if any, difference in construction. The size of the Maori craft was limited only by the size of the tree from which it was hewn. The picture represents the most elaborate war-vessel that remains as an example of these staunch and highly artistic craft in which voyages were’ made for either conquest or discovery. The one shown is the property of Chief Shake of Wrangel, Alaska, and was used for many years on the Stikine River, plying be- tween Wrangel and Telegraph Creek, a It now rests near the house of the Chief, a relic of the prowess of a race that soon will be gone. A Glass of Water with a Kick as HAT a kick!” exclaims the drinker when he takes a sip of the most modern prohibition drink. Awire connected with a medical coil, its free end connected with ametalcontainer in which is a glass of water; this is the mechanism. Hold the metal contziner and place your foot on the side of the kitchen stove, or on any other piece of metal, take asip of the water, and the “‘kick” will be very perceptible. Itis harmless, how- ever, because the electric current which passes through your body at the time is weak. “Electrify” your friends with a glass of the latest prohibition drink: the current gives the kick June, 1920 on at The dia with pa the gem To Det EMM help 1 First, to cli a single w! shaped rol insert the prongs of way throt the prong face of t paper. Now ta at right center of end dow} finger. ‘T covered black spc through 1 All Fc HE e¢ not a ground : has defir lens win the posit blends ir

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June, 1920 The diamond in this ring is covered with paper through which flaws in the gem show with startling clearness To Detect Flaws in Diamonds EOMMON white cigarette paper will help to show flaws in diamonds. first, to clean your ring thoroughly, roll up asingle white paper into a compact cone- shaped roll, smaller in size than a match; insert the pointed end of this between two prongs of the ring, and draw it all the way through. Clean thus between all the prongs. Finish by polishing the sur- face of the stone with a crumpled-up paper. Now take a fresh paper and, holding it at right angles to the ring, place the center of it over the stone. Fold each end down, holding between thumb and finger. Touch your tongue to the paper- covered diamond to moisten it. Any black spots in the stone will now show through in a startling fashion. All Four Feet Off the Ground THE eye cannot determine whether or not a horse’s four feet are all off the ground at one instant, but the camera has definitely settled the question. The lens winks and catches in one brief look the position which to the eye of man merely blends in with a blurred series of positions. The camera caught this horse when his four feet were all in the air at once, thus settling a question often discussed A Traveling Bar Is a Convenience of the Tropics ONE needs a steady head to be a bar- maid in the Barbados; witness the barmaid in the picture. The photographer wh»> took it says that the liquid coming from the spigot is beer; of course the plan would work as well for lemonade or just plain water. The liquid in the container is kept cold by being set in chopped ice in what looks like a cheese-b6x minus a cover. The cheese-box rests on a blank cut to fit, and the whole edifice has as a foundation a kind of inverted bench that keeps the cold from penetrating to the head of the bar- maid. We wonder if any of the drops ever deflect toward the barmaid’s mouth. To fill a lantern without spilling the kerosene, attach a short rubber hose to the spout of the oil can, like this Filling Without Spilling THERE goes the kerosene, spilling over everything.” This is a common expression when one tries to fill the lantern from the ordinary .oil-container. The “ceoal-oil’”’ can has a short spout, and when the can is full it is difficult to make a neat job of filling the lantern. If a short piece of rubber tube is attached to the spout of the can, it enables one to tilt the can at a smaller angle during the filling, thus obviating the necessity of much cleaning- up after the lantern has been filled. She carries an ice-box on her head to provide cold drinks for the thirsty The Mysteries of the Light that Cures WHITE light, split into its principal divisions and displayed in spectral beauty, is as useful as it is ornamental. The invisible rays beyond the red end of the spectrum, the infra-red, have marvelous powers of penetrating the dense regions of the atmosphere, and photographs of distant objects show more detail when photographed through the red-transmitting filters. The yellow-green region of the spectrum comprises the rays that enable us to see all the objects around us in their beauty of color. This range of light extends from the visible red to the visible violet. Just beyond the violet is the range of in- visible ultra-violet rays. The light-waves of such extremely short length that they do not affect the retina ' are possessed of curious chemical powers. They strongly modify the photographic emulsion and cause chemical changes in animal and plant life. An invention of the late Oscar Hammerstein which has recently been perfected by Mrs. Hammerstein, utilizes the rays of violet light to cure rheumatism in the manner pictured above 77

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Housekeeping Made Easy Little things that help systematize kitchen work Popular Science Monthly When the gas is turned off and one possesses no elec- tric grill, eggs may = Separating an egg be- comes a successful opera- tion if a funnel is brought into use. The white of the egg runs through leaving the yolk intact still be cooked by electricity. A fifty- watt nitrogen lamp will throw sufficient heat upon them to cook them perfectly The weight of a marble sliding up and down in a slot holds the towel on the kitchen wall are the only things necessary to make a convenient towel rack. of being longer than the ordinary rack for towels A pair of ordinary coat hooks and a discarded curtain rod Raising bread isa delicate operation. An electric light placed in the oven under pans of dough makes the bread rise just the right degree Only one trip around the pie-pan is neces- sary now, for a new kitchen - tool crimps and trims away the pic-dough in cne oper- ation. The tool em- bodies a notched, wooden wheel and a small knife - blade It has the advantage This simple wire rack when screwed to the wall back of the stove accommodates all pot and pan covers making them easily accessible to the busy cook Here is a frame calendar with twelve slip-in sheets for the months. The frame embodies a glass front which keeps the sheets from accumulating a es Pace t feed cette to Friern Get Mes Pies yas ber” 238 os, Jie ; layer of dust. The calendar- holder may be made of any picture frame of convenient size, with a slit cut in the back This kind of rack keeps the air pure for fresh vege- tables and may be usedialso for cooked food. The unsanitary fly can only sit on the outside and look in 48 Practical garden baskets made of green wicker, leather lined; contain pruning- shears, flower-scissors, twine, trowels, etc., and are in- dispensible to the gardener Tv oeF

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June, 1920 ; The self-adjusting electric lizht arm is adaptable to local lighting of any kind. It facilitates placing the lizht exactly where it is wanted so that it ‘stays put” To obtain a grip on a round surface is almost impossible without the proper apparatus. This tool is designed to give an effective grip on a pipe Weighing only twelve pounds an electrically operated saw can be carried around and used on a job wherever there is the necessary current. Buffer or grinding wheels can be used on the ma- chine in place of the saw, with equal facility Do It With Tools and Machines Labor-saving devices for the work-shop This illuminated tool is intended for use in dark places or where the part to be repaired is en-' closed by partitions The electric soldering iron, when compared to the type heated in a gas flame or fuel burning muffler, exhibits improvements, both _ in operation and convenience wrench having one? Of course you know there is a universal joint on your automobile, but did you ever hear of a With the wrench illus- trated you can remove nuts placed at any angle The picture above illustrates a safety-lock on the hand-trip of a punch-press which safeguards the operator’s fingers with- out affecting the machine’s 79 production A shield renders all working parts of this grinder harmless if the operator makes a mistake. Why not promote a “safety first” campaign in your shop and speed up _ production? Most of us have spent valuable minutes trying to* adjust a monkey-wrench, the parts of which seemed determined to remain immovable. The jaws of this wrench may be opened quickly by moving the lever outward as shown in the accompanying illustration

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Popular Science Monthly Cranking Up the Automobile Window Wheels and pulley that raise the win- dows, operated by a handle on the door HE greatly increased demand for enclosed cars such as the sedan and limousine caused by the more common use of automobiles during the winter months, has made it necessary that some new device be worked out for raising and lowering the windows and keeping them at the desired height. The sash-band type of window regulator in which a band of fabric Only Two IMPLICITY and small fric- tional loss of power feature the driving mechanism of a new type of electric truck in which only two gears, instead of four or eight, are employed to trans- mit power from the electric motor to the two rear truck- wheels. Because of the. neces- sary high speed of 2,200 revolu- tions a minute of the electric motor to give it its greatest efficiency, and the low truck speed of fifteen miles an hour, it is necessary to have a-gear reduction of approximately six- teen to one. In most types of electric truck this reduction is secured through a worm gearing, or a train of spur gearing in which from four to eight gears must be em- ployed. The more trains of gears, the greater the fric- tional loss of pow- er. Also, on ac- count of the large gear reduction, one of the gears must be made The handle is a crank which winds up or closes the window. It has ‘nany advantages over the old way of raising automobile door-windows about four inches wide is employed and fastened to some fixed part of the door by a screw clamp, has not proved entirely satisfactory because the band falls in the way of one’s feet when the window is raised. Then again, the clamp sometimes works loose or the band slips out of one’s hands, with the result that the window drops to the bottom of its pocket with a bang. This results in frequent breakage. These failings of the old style regulator have resulted in the design- ing of a new apparatus which over- - comes the faults. It is simple and in- expensive to manufacture and is adaptable to either the quantity-_ production car or the one with a cus- tom-made body. The mechanism is shown in the illustrations. The picture of the sedan with two doors open shows the neat appearance of the finished window, with but a small handle showing. The broken- away illustration shows how the appa- ratus is made and how it works. It consists of two gear-like pulleys over which runs a chain turned by a gear mounted on the same shaft as the turning handle inside the car. The base of the glass is attached at one point to the chain, so that a move- ment of the handle causes the glass to move up or down. Both pulleys are provided with sharp spear-like pro- jections around the edge or circum- ference. These fit into holes in each chain link as it passes over the pulley and thus make it impossible for the window to slide downward when the car jolts or because of any ae vibration. Gears in This Electric Truck: Drive Mechanism of the unit-drive electric truck is encased in the rear axle-housing Right-Gears in mesh, showing size | » and number |*1 of teeth con- stantly en- meshed to which _link- age connect. Left — End view of the drive unit 80 small which results-in high speed with consequent wear and need for frequent replacement. In the new form of reduction the difference in speed is secured by a pair of spur gears forming a combination of an internal and external gear. The external gear is mounted on an eccentric and is held by a system of linkage, driving the internal ‘without itself revolving. this combination, frictional loss is reduced to a minimum. Also by reason of the com- pactness of this form of gear- ing, it may be grouped with the electric motor in- side of the -rear axle-housing, ‘ where it is pro- tected from mud and dirt. show how the mechanism of the unit-drive electric truck is encased in the rear axle housing and how the gears mesh. gear through a gyrating age OR Y ita The broken-- eae away pictures

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June, 1920 It’s a Farm Tractor and Motor Truck Too - In the illustration is shown the heavy tractor wheel slipped in place over the rubber-tired wheel. By the simple operation of removing it the tractor may be used for hauling:on public highways without injuring the road-bed. In the picture the tractor is attached to a ‘binder velopment of.the farm tractor and the motor truck as a result of the more efficient farm production and better highway transportation demanded during the war, makes it logical to suppose that future develop- ment will lead to some form of vehicle which may perform both the culti- vating work and road haulage of the average American farm. Due to the very great difference in the character and speed of the work to be performed, the solution of this problem has not been an easy one. The farm tractor needs great pulling power at com- paratively slow speeds but for long periods, while the motor truck, be- cause it operates over roads, requires less pulling power but more speed. Added to these two problems has been the one of quick, simple and in- expensive conversion from one type of vehicle to the other. Then, too, the tractor must be able to furnish the power for all forms of belt work and to do this without interfering with the vehicle as_a road TS great and simultaneous de- done by horses that has presented the main obstacle to the more rapid motor- ization of the farm. While the farm tractor has been able to do most of the purely agricultural work on tiie farm such as plowing, disking, harrowing, cultivating, binding, etc., and also belt work,.it-has.not-been able to com- plete the farm operation of hauling the crops to market. This has neces- sitated the retaining of some horses on the farm or the purchase of a motor truck which is used only a small por- tion of the year. On a large farm, the maintenance of a truck which is used for only a small proportion of the year, does not result in a serious over- head expense. However it becomes almost prohibitive on a small farm where the income from crops is not sufficiently large to carry a non-pay- ing investment. . It has been the aim of many truck and tractor manu- facturers to overcome this difficulty on a small farm by devising a vehicle for both farming and road haulage work. - -.To John K. Gumpper, of Decatur, Illinois,” has* fallen thé distinction of designing and producing one of the first of these new all-purpose farm vehicles. of the future. The appa- ratus is shown in the accompanying illustrations. It follows automotive practice in its design and is a four- wheeled, short wheelbase vehicle with a truck type engine, clutch, gearset and enclosed and dustproof type of final drive to the rear wheels. All four wheels are permanently equipped with rubber tires to prevent damage to roads when it is used. as a highway | vehicle. When thus employed, the load it moves is carried in one or more four-wheeled trailers at a fair rate of speed. The conversion from a road vehicle to a farm tractor is made quickly and inexpensively by slipping larger metal- tired wheels directly over the rubber tires, the tires remaining permanently in place. Both front and rear tractor wheels are held to the steel disk truck wheels by bolts through special lugs , cast just inside the transport unit. In other words, the successful motor ve- hicle for theaverage ~ farmer must be ca- pable of doing all the farm work that was previously done by horses, and more. It has been the inability of both the ordinary farm | tractor and the or- dinary motor truck to successfully per- form all the farm work previously When employed asa truck the farm tractor hauls one or more four-wheeled:trailers at a fair rate of .speed 81 peripheries of - the disks. By a wide range in the gear set ratios, appro- priate tractor and truck speeds may be gained at will by moving the gear- shift lever which is mobiles and trucks. ‘The rear axle is provided with a power take-off and located in the cab, . as is done on auto-": Gob.» pulley shaft for all. ~ forms of farm work.:.

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Popular Science Monthly Giving the Automobilist a Novelties that are interesting PT ems ' NNN LN A license-plate holder will be a boon to the motorist whose plates rattle and who is continually losing nuts and bolts A motorcycle engine behind the front wheel moves this complete little car This three-piece piston ring, with each ring square cut, and a heavy ring to take the strains, uses the other two snap rings to prevent leakage of either gasoline or oil Collapsible parlor chairs for the sedan body can be folded down when not in use FY momen 4 A motor-truck wheel to make trucks on solid tires ride easier and use less gaso- line. The stationary springs are inside Three lawn-mowers can be attached to This tractor is pulling down with a steel cable your tractor to.cut a wide swath of grass the walls of a burned-out three-story building

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AN IS prnerarenee nsrbaseyasrne apis June, 1920 Helping Hand with His Accessories because they are new and attractive Some boys who wanted to save garden labor saw a motorcycle wreck, obtained the crushed machine, and made a tractor from it INNER TUBE INFLATED = CASING | This inner tube will not deflate if punctured. It is more resilient than the ordinary type for the These grease-cups have a ~ compressed rubber tread screw cover that keeps out is an added cushion be- the fine dust of a sanding tween the air and the road machine. They compress and | lubricate bearings wintil they are ready to be refilled INNER TUBE DEFLATED HORN PUSH-BUTTON ATTACHED TO THROTTLE LEVER When a car is left on a hill it cannot be started downhill if it is fitted with the ratchet attach- ment that is shown above With the push button shown at the left the horn maybe: blown without removing either hand from the wheel ¢ The very latest in attachments for Fords is a three- speed sliding transmission such as those used on the big cars. The new unit is mounted on the engine, elimi- nating trouble with the bands of the planetary system Visitors to Catalina Island have to be hauled up and down its steep slopes with a caterpillar tractor which trails two passenger trucks 88 This truck disseminates good-health propaganda. The roof is used as an open-air picture-theater,;iand the screen is transparent so that the audience can view pictures from both rear and front

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The water is robbed of its free oxygen “pa siitecened 4 iron plates i in the deoxidiz- ing tank. The rust is filtered out before the water is piped to the tenants Why Does Iron Rust? The answer will solve a question of importance to the house-owner who may easily eliminate the rusty pipe By Ernest Welleck RON is the metal most important to man because it is the most useful to him. Without it our modern civilization would have been. impos- sible. Its strength and durability are proverbial. Yet, it is not an ideal utilitarian material. It deteriorates rapidly by rusting unless well pro- tected. Protected? Against what? Against influences which cause the iron to cor- rode. If we wish to protect the iron we must first ascertain the identity of these influences which constitute its enemy, and become acquainted with their methods of attack. Experience has taught that the rust- _ ing of iron is caused by the joint action of two chemical agents, air and water. Iron will not rust in air free from moisture, or in water free from air like pure distilled water. Distilled Water Solves Problem If a piece of iron or steel with a clean, bright surface, is placed in spring or well-water, or in water drawn from the faucet of a hydrant, it will soon turn black and dull. If it is left longer in the water, the iron will gradually change its color. Its surface will turn from biack to brown and finally to a yellowish red. The change will be greatiy accelerated if we take the iron out of the water and expose the wet metal to the air. Ina short time it will be coated with a reddish-yellow cover- ing of rust which will continue to ex- tend deeper into the metal until the iron is changed to a crumbly mass of rust. Why does spring or well water cause iron to rust, while distilled water does not? The water in springs, wells, rivers, and lakes always contains oxy- gen in solution, usually in the form of carbonic acid. But if such water is thoroughly boiled or distilled, the oxygen is expelled by the heat and the water thereby loses its power to cor- rode iron. Not a Stable Compound " Rust, chemically speaking, is not a stable and uniform compound the composition of which can always be expressed by the same chemical for- mula. In its first stages it contains but little oxygen. Gradually it draws more oxygen and also some hydrogen from the water or from the atmosphere, forming what the chemists~ call a- hydroxide of iron. Chemists give a highly interesting and complicated explanation of the intricate electro- chemical processes involved in the formation of rust. “‘dissociation,”’ They speak of “fonization,”. and 54 Popular Science Monthly ‘felectrolysis,’’ -but these terms have no meaning to the average person who is more interested in the problem of preventing rust than in scien- tific theories concerning causes and reasons of the corrosion of iron. The rust, which clogs and gradually destroys’ iron water-pipes in our houses and factories, which eats holes in our kitchen utensils, corrodes our boilers and machinery, and the iron and steel work of our bridges and viaducts, is seldom homogeneous in composition. It is nearly always a mixture of oxides of iron containing variable proportions of oxygen, hy- droxide of iron and carbonate of iron, which is formed by, the combination of the metal with oxygen and carbon, taken from the carbonic acid dissolved in the water. Prevents Corrosion Modern engineering has devised a simple method of preventing the corrosion of hot-water pipes in dwellings and factories. It is based upon the clearly established fact that iron will not rust in water which does not contain dissolved oxygen. The method is illustrated by the accompanying drawing.. The water, derived from the supply system of the city or village, is conducted to a large metal tank, placed horizontally and containing a large number of thin, per- forated sheets of a cheap grade of iron. From the lower part of the tank the water passes through the coils of a heater and back tothe tank. While the hot water is circulating through the perforations of the iron plates it gives up the oxygen which it contains in solution. Most of the rust formed on the plates adheres to them, the rest is carried by the hot water to a smaller, vertical tank containing a sand filter and is deposited on the filter. The water, free from dissolved oxygen, and therefore no longer able to cause the formation of rust, is distributed to the consumers by a system of service pipes. The operation and maintenance of the plant require little-attention; it is practically automatic in its action. The deoxidizing. tank must be opened from time to time and new perforated iron plates must be substituted for those that have corroded. --. - It is advisable to ~clean the filter éecneinaatr by reversing the flow of water through the -sand, or by re- moving the ~rust-stained’ layers of ‘the filter and adding fresh, clean sand of the same fineness to take their place.

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June, 1920

Conran the Gospel by Motor C2 SAS

The modern preacher doesn’t wait for his flock to come to him. He: seeks it in the gospel wagon which is his home as, well

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a

OST preachers move from one place to another frequently, but the pulpits and churches they formerly occupied remain stationary. Not so with the Rev. William Arthur Downer, of Glassboro, N. J., traveling evangelist, who is on a coast-to-coast journey in a specially designed vehicle which includes features of a home and house of worship. ' Equipped with conveniences for cooking, sleeping and eating, as well as a piano and Biblical literature, this automobile truck may be described as a ‘“house-on-wheels,”’ ..or....a_..gospel wagon. The unordained minister and If You Could Look Inside a Tractor F you could cut a modern farm tractor down the center with a huge knife, as the housewife halves a grape- fruit for breakfast, just what would be revealed is shown in the accompanying illustration. More than anything else, this view shows the influence that the automobile has had on the develop- ment of the modern farm tractor. Beginning at the right, you discover first, an automobile or motor truck type of gasoline engine, with its speed regulated to a set number of revolu- tions by means of an automatic sealed governor, such as is employed on motor trucks. If you look closely, you will see that the engine is of the valve- in-the-head type and all enclosed.

A half-slice of a farm tractor reveals the simplicity of its mech- anism which is far less complicated than that of an automobile car, 7 feet 10 inches wide by 22 feet family of two, together with a traveling com- panion, enjoy all the com- forts of a home, with the exception of a bath tub. Running water is af- forded by a 25-gallon tank. <A’ bed installed at one end of the car is for the preacher and his wife, while a folding cot offers facility for restful sleep for the two daughters. While working as an automobile mechanic, the parson conceived the plan of building a home on an auto- mobile truck chassis. The body of the long, is constructed of oak. The Then again, in the pipe between the top tank of the radiator and the top of the engine cylinder block, there is a small nest of copper disks which ex- pand and contract to shut off the cir- culation of the cooling water through the radiator, so that the engine tem- perature is always kept at that point at which the low grades of present-day gasoline burn with greatest efficiency. Then the cylinder head is removable, so that the interior of the cylinders and the pistons may be examined with- out tearing the whole engine apart. Following the engine crankshaft farther to the left, you see an automo- bile type of clutch and the driving gears to the rear wheels, all the power- transmitting partsbeing completely enclosed in for little power loss through good lubrica- tion, and prevents the dust, always stirred up in plowing work, from getting into any of the finely-machined parts. Dust would have the same effect on the tractor mechanism as in the movement of a watch. 85

an oil bath. This makes ~

iriterior of the home of this itinerant preacher is adorned with printed Bible texts.. Conspicuous on the ex- terior is this inscription, ‘Visitors always welcome.” To carry the gospel to the wayward and to the “down- and-out”’ fraternity is the twofold object of this tour. Turning the crank pulls toggle arms of the jack together and raises the car A Jointed Jack ROM far away Cook Islands, within the boundaries of New Zealand, comes the ingenious auto- mobile invention of Henri D. Ray, of Avarura, Island of Rarotunga.. It is a jack for elevating the axle of-an auto- mobile and consists of a base and head to which toggle-joint arms are pivot- ally connected. Extending through or between jointed portions of the toggle- joint levers is a screw which termin- ates in a crank-handle. Stops or collars on the serew-make it possible te fasten the jack in any desired position. The pivotal connection of base and head to the toggle-levers makes the device admirably flexible to adjust te the level of any surface.

oa EUS lr aN ——— afr

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Popular Science Monthly A Hydraulic Hoist for the Motor-Truck Body The hydraulic hoist is fast coming into prom- inence in the automotive field. This one operates with power from the propeller shaft shackle. It consists of a vertical cylinder or cylinders, depend- ing on the make of the truck, containing pistons driven by a gear pump. The power to drive the pump is taken from the front propeller shaft or from the - amidship transmis- sion and is applied by operating a lever in the driver’s seat. The hoist is swung from saddles so that it can give a direct lift on the body at all ee NEW hydraulic motor-truck. hoist has recently made its appearance. It is mounted on the chassis frame in front of the rear axle about in line with the front hanger, or rear spring Jot It Down on the Pad NE of the latest convenience- giving accessories for the motor vehicle is a memorandum pad enclosed in a small case which can be attached to the panel instrument board or to the steering column directly beneath the wheel. The device is intended for the motorist who desires to jot down his appointments, gasoline and tire records, touring incidents, and the like and for the truck driver to record names and addresses of deliveries to make, or calls for packages; witnesses to accidents, or other operating items. The case of the instrument is made of aluminum and is provided with a watertight cover to prevent water from getting on the paper. A match- scratcher is placed on the outside of the cover as an added convenience. A -fhe Bureau of Standards plugs samples of rubber from various brands of tires to ana- lyze them and determine their durability times. The oil is driven through oil ways to the bottom of the cyllinders, thus forcing the pistons up. The hoist automatically stops when it reaches its full clip for a pencil is provided at the top of the case. The paper is wound around two rolls across a writing surface. The winding is done by knurled knobs at one end of each roll. . Jot down things as you think of them, and give the up- per knurled knob a turn to roll the paper back and leave a_ clear sheet. To refer to memoranda, turn the lower knob and un- roll your writ- | ing. PAPER PAD WATER-TIGHT F COVER stroke. To lower the hoist a valve operated from the driver’s seat is opened, which allows the oil to by-pass back into the head of the cylinder. As the pistcn stands on a solid head of oil, which oil must be displaced by passing through this valve, the body can come down at only one rate of speed. This is an important safety feature in hydraulic automatic hoists. Thus, it is possible for one to work around or under the body of a truck equipped with a hoist and be perfectly ’ safe. When the wheels ofa truck are not turning it is not making or saving money for its owner. It is not so much the truck as its method of. operation upon which the success of any kind of truck transportation depends. Why stop and hunt for the account book in your door compartment? Jot it down on the pad at- tached to the _ steering ) BRACKET HE scientist in this photo- graph may ultimately be able to enhance the purchasing power of the dollar when you buy auto- mobile supplies—not by equalizing the law of supply and demand but through a scientific contribution of. a method to determine raw ‘materials with physical and chem- ical properties of .most durable .. qualities for making tires: The photograph illustrates how the U.S. Bureau of Standards is plugging samples of rubber from various brands of automobile tires for the purpose of analyzing their physical and chemical properties. Specimens taken from the tires are subjected to what is scientific- 86 Analyzing the Pneumatic Tire ally described as an accelerated aging test. Conditions in this government laboratory aim to duplicate in a brief period—within the course of a week or two—the age of a tire analogous to that of several years on public high- ways or under normal conditions. During a year the Rubber Section of the Bureau of Standards analyzed for the War Department more than 500 samples .of.. rubber, representing 250,000 tires, and having a valuation of $20,000,000. For.example, assist- ance was extended a manufacturer of solid-rubber tires in improving the adhesion between the tread stock and ‘the hard-rubber base. Also the quality of the compounds was enhanced and valuable information was deducted.

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June, 1920 Se he ns Making Your Motor Upkeep Less Expensive You need not be a mechanic to know certain useful facts By Fred Gilman Jopp | An inner*tube as a cushion for the repair-creeper makes work- ing under the car less of a strain ‘\ JHETHER it pays you to. ' use an automobile or -not, depends. altogether’ upon how your car is.treated, and the mo- torist. who. realizes this fact is the one. that gets the best - results. After’, several. months’ -use—a fairly. severe test.of any piece of. mechanism—the average. auto- mobile begins to deteriorate fast, unless it has been given the proper attention; and this is the reason why, in many instances, expensive automo- biles are discarded after being in serv- ice only a comparatively short time. It is pathetic but true, that for each motorist who really knows his car in its’ numerous details, there are thousands who are ignorant of everything save the control. Out of the bitterness of his own experience, the writer offers you this advice: Learn to anticipate trouble by careful reasoning and a thorough study of your individual car. Economize in gasoline and thereby cut the running cost of the entire car. See that the carburetor is properly adjusted. Lubricate all the running parts properly and keep the tires in- _ flated.- See that the brakes do not drag and that: the wheels and bearings are adjusted neither too tight nor too loose. Be careful how you run-the ear; don’t try to climb hills without shifting to second speed, or even to first, on a very steep hill. It is the little things that make for automobile economy. A fellow who doesn’t know the trick, will take about twice as long to pump up a tire with a hand-pump as will the Mechanic’s tape wound around - the lamp rim and given a quick turn removes the stubborn rim chap who knows how. Short, jerky strokes that bring the pump-plunger only part of the way up the barrel are the kind which quickly tire you; and besides, such strokes take much more time to fill the tire with air. Pull the plunger slowly all the way up; then force it down again just as slowly. By so doing you get the benefit of thefull volume of air in the pump-cylin- der and you eliminate that tired feeling which accompanies the short, jerky stroke. A well known rubber company attaches to every shipment of brake- lining a card containing some excel- lent suggestions. These will be useful 87 : to all motorists who desire to keep their cars in good condition. 1. Storage battery inspected every two weeks. 2. Grease-cups turned up every 1,000 mi. 3. Springs oiled every week. 4. QOil and gasoline connections inspected every week. 5. Crank-case drained and washed out with kerosene every 500 mi. 6. Universal joints packed with grease every 1,000 mi. 7. Differential and transmission packed with grease or oil every 1,000 mi. 8. Spark-plugs 1,000 mi. 9. Carbon removed from cylinders twice a year. 10. Valves ground every 5,000 mi. 11. New piston-rings every 18 months. 12. Wheels alined once a month. 13. Water in circulation every time car is started. 14. Wheel bearings inspected monthly. 15. Carburetorcleaned monthly. 16. Self-starter inspected monthly. 17. Steering-wheels and knuck- les inspected weekly. 18. Brakes tested and equalized monthly. ’ Don’t bea “clutch rider’’—a fellow who keeps his foot continually on the clutch. On some cars clutch riding cleaned every Elusive things, such as bolts and nuts, when they drop into the drip-pan may be found by means of a toy periscope to which is attached a little flashlight

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Popular Science Monthly

will invariably burn out the thrust- bearing, because of the mechanical construction. The weight of the foot has a tendency to release the spring tension and make the clutch slip. Slipping is a waste of power, and pro- motes friction which wears away the contact surfaces, at the same time adding to the slipping propensity. Keep your left foot on the floor boards and practise so that you can raise it automatically to the clutch when necessary. Removing the wheels is usually a hard job, but if you know how, it is as easy to do as anything else about the car. Tie a piece of rope to either side of the wheel, leaving enough room to insert a jack between the rope and the end of the spindle. Place the foot of the jack against the rope, and the head against the end of the axle; then slowly work the jack so that a pulling force is put on the wheel through the rope. This method is one that should when heated, is very thin. In some cases patented piston-rings will help eliminate the leakage, but if the cylinder is worn oval, there is no remedy except that of reboring it. Kerosene will free the rings of car- bon, but it is best to use it only when you are ready to drain off the old crankcase oil. Special care should be taken with the connec- tions in the lamps and at other points. A short- circuit occurs when two wires of opposite polarity are in metallic contact. Under such conditions the storage battery will be discharging and there will be no lights at the

be remembered, for it will remove the tightest wheel. Make sure that the spark-plugs fit tight and that they are provided with good copper asbestos gaskets. If the spark-plug porcelain is cracked, it will allow the compres- sion to escape. Inspect the pet- cocks or priming-cups and see that they are all tight and that they stay closed all the time. The piston-rings may have turned so that the openings are all in line, or you may be using such a light oil that the engine does not get a tight compression seal. Oil, For the dark a flash- light held to your screwdriver by adhesive lamps. A short-circuit may occur at any point in the wiring system, but is usually found at terminals that have been care- lessly made, or at places where the wire- insulation is worn. During compression the valves should be closed tightly. <A |. broken faulty adjustment will prevent their closing and will result in no compression at all. In timing the trouble will be noticeable as a lack of power in all the cylinders. Carbon under the valves will prevent them from seating. The remedy for these difficulties is to keep the- engine free 88

If the jack is worked against the hub of the wheei and a rope is tied around it, the stub- born member’ will soon come off the axle. This idea sometimies will save hours of work spring or. the case of incorrect.

Did some near-mechanic ever monkey with your perfectly adjusted carburetor? Put seal- ing wax on the adjusting screws from carbon, and the valves clean, and to be sure that the timing of the valves and tappet adjustment are as set down in the instruction book which accompanies your car. -A graphite preparation in the oil, in . suitable proportions, will make avery perceptible im- provement in the compression of an automobile engine, and this will be more apparent on an old car. It will also increase the oil economy and keep the engine in better running condition. When an engine, regularly cleaned with kerosene, lubri- eated as-described, and with valves ground regularly, shows a serious loss of power, the lack of compression may be traced to the piston-rings. The cause thus narrows down to plain ‘wear, granted of course that other possible causes, such as wear of the valve stems, push rods, etc., are eliminated. One reason for loss of compression lies in the use of that boon of the present-day motorist, the self-starter. The man who cranked his engine by hand knew the “feel”? of the com- pression. Few owners are aware of the value of soap for sealing leaky jeints in the gasoline system. Often gasoline oozes out around the filler-cap, especially when the tank is nearly full. The gasoline then spreads over the outside: of the tank, collects dust, and impairs the finish. A coating of ordinary soap on the gasket and threads will prevent leakage. When joints develop. small leaks, a coating of soap will usually close them. Stk:

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June, 1920 | Plenty of Power but no Traction— spinning wheels that get nowhere —and the man in the taxi believes he is paying for the futile spinning of the wheels. The meter on his car back home would register them in miles. He believes the taximeter is registering a charge against him for the useless spin- ning of the rear wheels and the resulting damage to the tires. A valuable object lesson, if it makes him think of his own car and ‘how he abuses his own tires when he fails to put on Weed Tire Chains For Sure and Certain Traction The taxicab companies protect the Public and themselves from skidding accidents—from exces- sive costs. Taxicab wheels spin only when driv- ers disobey the companies’ order to ‘‘Put on Tire Chains when streets are wet or slippery.’’ And to safeguard their patrons against the drivers’ possible negligence, the taximeter is attached to front wheels. AMERICAN CHAIN COMPANY, Inc. BRIDGEPORT \e/ CONNECTICUT In Canada: DOMINION CHAIN COMPANY, Limited, Niagara Falls, Ontario Largest Chain Manufacturers in the World The Complete Chain pees Types, All Sizes, All Finishes—From Plambers’ Safety Chain-to Ships’ Anchor Chain General Sales Office: Grand Central Terminal, New York City District Sales Offices: : Boston Chicago Philadelphia Pittsburg Portland, Ore. Weed Tire Chains, when used judiciously, lengthen the life of tires. Whether they are used on taxicabs or on pleasure cars, Weed-Tire- Chains. materially reduce operating expenses. Nothing looks more ridiculous than a spin- ning tire—nothing more brainlessly extravagant. Put orn Weed TireChains “at the fitst drop of rain.” San Francisco SS / e ; v Meee re

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prone om a nice Tet Ne rican Lid natalia Sn AAAS lb AB nhl aN ol a cS EOP Le cin ae sncs rom HEN you think of volts, think of pounds. When you think of amperes, think of quarts. When you think of ohms, think of the resistance offered to the flow of a liquid by the diameter and length of the iron pipe through which it flows. When you think of watts, think of the power resultant upon the combined efforts of these three. The electrical terms in every-day use are simple to the electrician, but they invariably try the brain of the layman, so this hydraulic analogy is used, and appears to be the easiest means of initiating one into the world of electrical nomenclature. Look at Fig. 1. A coffee-can filled with water will create a pressure of about 4 oz. when the water is forced Jut of a pipe in the bottom. The reason for this is the hydraulic law that water elevated 1 ft. will create a pressure of ¥ Ib., or 8 oz. Therefore a coffee-can, being 6 in. high, will show half that pressure, or 4 oz. So much for the hydraulic end of Do you know the meaning of electri- cal terms? No? Then read this article which simplifies them for you Now, with the volt clear, what is an ampere? Roughly speaking, an am- pere represents quantity; that is, the amount of electricity that was dis- charged at a pressure of 11% volts. Reducing this to the argument. An _ ordinary dry-cell dis- charges electric- ity at about 144 volts. This word “volt”: is an electrical term for pressure, used just as pound is used to designate press- ure when speak- ing of water. So, the electrical current contained in the dry-cell is sent out through the wire at a pressure of 11% volts just as the water was discharged from the can at 4 oz. pressure. These two units, 114 volts and 4 oz., will stand as measurements in the illustrations to follow. Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate. how a water column 18 in. high instead of 6 in. will make 12 oz. instead of 4 oz. A coffee-can filled with water will create a pressure of about 4 oz. simplified terms, let us say that the coffee-can held 1 qt. of ~ water.’ -A dry- cell contains about 30 am- peres. The form- er was discharg- ed at 4-oz. pres- sure, while the latter was dis- charged at 1% volts pressure. Now, supposing you wish to pro- duce a. water- pressure of 12 0z., what shall you do? Just build up a column of water 18 in. high instead of 6 in. high, and you will get 12-oz. pressure instead of 4- OZ. To accomplish this result, you must, of course, imagine that the bottoms of the two upper cans have been removed so that the water in the three.cans has be- come one column. This rule holds true with three batteries when connected in ‘‘series,’’ as shown in Figs. 2 and3. By connecting’ the positive terminal of one cell with the negative terminal of the next, and connecting the remaining opposite terminals together,’ the electrical pressure is increased to three times what it was before: -- But there is another way of con- necting - batteries—that . shown in Fig. 4. By this method the pressure is kept to that of a single cell, but the 90 This is called parallel connections, which means that output or quan- tity of current is multipiled Popular Science Monthly Defining the Electric Current—Hydraulically Speaking By L. B. Robbins output, or quantity, is multiplied. This is called parallel connection. Try to imagine the three cans set along in a row, connected together with pipes, and discharging their contents through a vertical pipe as before. You will readily see that the vertical pressure_remains the same as if the contents were discharged from one can, since 6 in. is the maximum height of any one of the cans. But there will be three times as much water discharged from the three as there would be from the one. That is, 3 qts. of water will be discharged at 4-oz. pressure, whereas in the case of one can there was only 1 qt. In the same way, batteries can be connected up to discharge the contents of the combined number of cells at a pres- sure of only one. This is done by connecting in parallel, or by connecting all of one terminal together, all of the opposite ones together, and then con- necting those wires to form the circuit. This is known as parallel connection. Then again, there are times when a high amperage is desired, together with a high voltage. This is effected by what is known as the “‘series multiple” connection—Fig. 5. As will beseen two - or more cells are connected in series. Then a like number are connected .in series and arranged beside the first. After a sufficient number of these sets are arranged they are connected with one another in parallel. Then, by connecting those sets in par- allel, we get the voltage repre- sented by each set, with the sum of the amperage contained in all the cells, just as was shown in Fig. 4. Instead of trying to im- agine this, just imagine that two col- umns, each containing three cans, were placed side by side and then connected together, discharging through one pipe. Instead of getting only 3 quarts of water, we should then get 6, thus doubling the quantity at 12-ounce pressure. (Continued on page 94) When high amperage is desired to- gether with a high voltage, the sel are connected in multiple series nonce nti

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June, 1920 SKETCH OF DRIVE ARRANGEMENT SECTION OF SAW MILL | | ’ THE BIMEL-ASHCROFT MA NUFA CTURING COMPANY AUTOMOBILE AND WAGON SPOKES, WHEELS, S/NGLE TREES, £7 Vw wouse. Mo SHOWING GOODYEAR BELTS —————— 6 C fox a a =) 297 9 2 | 14 _— /8O R.PM | > ATLAS een E LOMA: ENG/NE 9 |: An Order, Two Plants—and The first time the G. T. M.—Goodyear Technical Man—talked with this Company that today has two plants practically standardized on Goodyear Belts he virtually declined an order. He had an opportunity to sell a belt of the same dimensions as the one which had just worn out after a short term of unsatisfactory service. Instead, he demon- strated the value of an expert study of. belting quality and working conditions. The Bimel-Ashcroft Manufacturing Company had been. having costly trouble with a 14-inch, 5-ply belt on the main drive in their Morehouse, Mo., plant. Time after time they had had to cut it because it stretched. Every cut meant a shut- down of the main drive, involving heavy loss of production. When, finally, the stretch was elimi- nated, the rawhide lacings began to break, the lacing holes pulled out, and the belt began to open at the plies. So they decided to get a new belt, and told the G. T. M. to send on a 14-inch, 5-ply belt. *“‘Let me recommend a |4-inch, 7-ply Goodyear Blue Streak,” said the G. T. M. “‘ Your drive calls for a stronger belt than you have been using. Among the drive factors affecting the belt is a starting load 50% heavier than the running load.” He went on to show how his analysis included every factor of power, pulley dimensions, and general service conditions. His recommendation finally was accepted on the strength of what he showed he had learned about that drive. BELTING - PACKING Copyright 1920, by The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. the G.T.M. The Goodyear Blue Streak’s success not only put an end to the main drive troubles but opened the way for analyses of the entire plants éf the Bimel- Ashcroft Company at both Morehouse and Poplar Bluff. Today, two and a half years after the G. T. M.’s study of that one drive, 82 of the hundred belts in the Morehouse mill are Goodyear, and so are 50% of those in the plant at Poplar Bluff. As fast as any other kind of belt gives up a job, a Goodyear Belt takes its place. In the racking service of the high speed saws and lathes, Goodyear Glide Belts serve the tools; on the heavier drives of the bolting saws and the heading saws, Goodyear Blue Streak Belts with- stand the severe duty with an in built strength. These belts vary in length and width and plies and type of construction, but they are uniform in the quality that repays their slightly greater first cost with an ultimate operating economy. They deliver _ full power, hold the pulleys in a friction-surface grip, hold at the plies and wear both evenly and long. The G. T. M. is at your service. If his recom- mendations prove valuable to you, our return will be increased, as it has been in this instance, by your satisfaction. For further information about the G. T. M.’s method, and about the belts which Goodyear builds with the care implied in the com- mand, “Protect our g name,” write to The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Akron, Ohio, HOSE: VALVE

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Popular Science Monthly ° Packard scores another The FUEL” IZER" Makes Any Gasoline a Perfect Fuel a Sectional view of . Fuelizer built into the f carburetion system, forming a bypass be- tween the float cham- a ber of the carburetor t and the manifold. The | arrows show its oper- | ation — Automatic, Safe, Silent. No mov- i ing parts—no adjust- ments, The FUEL-IZER” X Developed by PACKARD ei 2 Diagram Showing Operating inciple

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June, 1920 Engineering Triu CThis Marvelous Achievement Standard Equip-~ ment on every new Packard Car ~ Simple, Positive, Automatic - Gives Packard owners Freedom from .Car~ bon troubles, Spark Plug fouling, @ld Weather Start- ing troubles~and Protects Oil from dangerous dilution Va =N Part of cylinder head— ey diane» out Fuelizer. ectpeest mo- onan known show such qrvenine 2 in a few thousand miles. ae \ Y Part fof cylinder head. Motor equipped Set al 7 aed bre of cylinder “head un- changed after 5000 miles — Motor completely acked with snow. ‘emperature of airwas 11° above zero. Seldom is a motor in actual ser- vice so thoroughly chilled. Motor started instan taneously. The Fuclines rapidly anon its way through snow. response vo throttle at- tained in 10 seconds. ITH the development and perfecting of the “Fuelizer” — Packard Engineering again demon- strates its faculty for going to the heart of a problem and getting practical results. The Fuelizer achieves perfect combustion of all grades of gasoline. It makes starting as quickand sure in winter as in summer. It makes available the power in any grade fuel more quickly. It does away with carbon fouling of combustion cham- ber, crankcase, valves and spark-plugs.: It does away with the dilu- tion of lubricating oil in the crankcase—removing the main cause of premature wear on engine gs and scoring of cylinder walls, and preventing sticky valve guides and valve stems. * * * Small wonder that the Fuei- izer proved the sensation of the recent annual meeting of the Society of Automotive Engineers ! Every motor engineer had known for years thatthe proper application of heat will break up “wet” mixture. How to apply the heat has always been the problem—now solved by the Fuelizer. The Packard Fuelizer not only applies the right degree of heat at the right place— But the more important still —it applies the heat at the right time—when the engine is cold at starting; and maintains an ideal heat—not overheat— under all running conditions. * %* * These illustrations tell, better than many words, how the Fuelizer does its wonderful work. A small part of the mixture is drawn into the Fuelizer and exploded into hot gas by the spark-plug. This hot gas is drawn down through the Fuelizer heating mani- fold into the ‘‘wet’’ mixture in the main manifold. It heats up and breaks the “‘wet’”’ mixture into a dry vapor, which explodes completely in the cylinders. No time lost in “warming up”’ ! The Fuelizer has raised the mani- fold temperature from 33° to an ideal temperature (120° or over) in less than forty-three seconds—2° a second! Tests made last winter at 5° below zero showed that the engine is able to pull on high gear almost immediately. the months of testing after the ting of the Fuelizer, not one single case developed of foul spark-plug or valve, combustion c wall or piston rings. Nor was there any dilution of oil. Winter or Summer, the Fuelizer rev- olutionizes motoring—reducing air bills—Iengthening the useful life of a motor. A Packard achievement, Exclusively Packard—now standard equipment with every new Packard Car. In every. way a development worthy of the long-established Packard tra- dition of practical transportation service to the owner of a Packard Car. “Ask the Man 5 Who Owns One” of idling. hong Fuel- izer, no dilutio dead 2c from Fuel- equipped motor after 6200 miles. Right—Typical carbor- ized valve from motor without Fuelizer. Note burning of metal. Sj/ Any Car without Fuel- izer, if started after idling, exhausts mist of unburned gasoline and wasted oil. Md COMPANY, Detroit, Mich., U.S.A. Le SE PRT IETE ARS, SEAL AER EES EO TER

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L.C CHASE & CO. BOSTON NEW YORK — DETROIT — SAN FRANCISCO ~CHICAGO ae WRITE FOR SAMPLES , GES: | > a _ x Lud _ Y) — O _ QO. — Lil i fee MADE BY SANFORD MILLS, SANFORD. MAINE.

Popular Science Monthly While the foregoing illustrations furnish rough comparisons, it must be remembered that even in the case of water there is always a resistance offered to the water in motion, which would cut down the resulting pressure at the outlet. Elbows, stop-cocks, and internal resistance due to friction, all tend to cut down the theoretical pressure. So, in the case of electricity, the wires and elements through which the current flows tend to lower the pressure or voltage. This resistance can be measured in units called ohms, and is different for every substance through which the current is forced. Then, just as the working pressure of the water is less at the outlet than at the supply, so the working ability of electricity depends upon the quan- tity discharged, multiplied by the pressure, with the resistance sub- tracted. This amount is expressed in watts, the resulting unit of electrical power. Of course, there are many and varied applications of these electrical terms, due to complicated outside forces; but their analogy to the meas- | urement of hydraulic power is close | enough for the instruction of the lay- man and should make his under- | standing much easier. - A Jig for Drilling- Round Stock Accurately — HEN drilling the smaller sizes of round tubing. and rod, it is a difficult matter to attain a high degree of accuracy, on-account of the tendency of the drill to slip a bit to the side when it is being started. This tendency is apparent: even when the rod or tubing is held in V-blocks and clamps on the drill-press table, and an accurate and deep cénter-punch mark has been made. Even then the drill

AVYVDUAZ The way to insure accuracy in drilling round stock is to have the drill in line will spring slightly and the cutting- lips will work a bit out of line. The slight inaccuracy thus caused will be magnified in proportion to the: diam- eter of the material being: Crilled, and the crill, when it emerges, will be out of center. : The only way to insure accuracy in starting the drill, is to employ some means of holding it in line until it has a good start. The little jig shown in the illustration will do just this, if it is carefully made. It consists of a rec- tangular block of stee!, .with holes carefully drilled along its length by the various sizes of drills that it is to accommodate, the holes being exactly

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June, 1920 . Dependable Spark Plugs Factory Equipment on Ford Cars Since 1911. I is quite unnecessary for Ford owners to risk experimenting with spark plugs. A long time ago, in 1911, the Ford Motor Company chose Champion Spark Plugs as best adapted to the requirements of the Ford car. The judgment of Ford engineers is summed up in the Ford Motor Company’s instruction book: as follows: “There is nothing to be gained am by experimenting with different (ageeah? makes of plugs. ©The make of figs) | plugs with which Ford-engines We. are equipped when they leave the @ factory are best adapted to the © requirements of the motor.” - Be sure the name Champion is on the Insulator and the World Trade Mark on the Box Champion Spark Plug Company, Toledo, Ohio J Champion Spark Plug Company, of Canada, Lid., Windsor, Ontario 95 fl —— = Pen oper tm oS ET et — -

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Popular Science Monthly central, so as to be in line with the bottom of the V-slot that is milled on the under side. The angle of the V- slot may be 45°, but any other angle will do as well. If the material from which the jig is made will allow it to be hardened, this process will make it very much more serviceable. In use, the drill is run through one of the holes in the jig that is of -proper size, and the point of the drill is placed in the center-punch mark on the work. Then the block is clamped tightly in place and drilling is accomplished with accuracy.—J. A. WEAVER. Washing Your Car in the Approved Way O automobile owner should forget ’ that unusual care must be taken ‘in washing a new car during the first few months of use. The best of varnish requires consid- erable time to harden, and until that time the finish is easily scratched. Only pure castile soap or non-alkali soaps should be used for the removal of grease. Gasoline is out of the question. Lukewarm (not warm) water should be used in washing, and accumulations of mud or dust should be carried off by means of a six-inch stream of water igi RE OLS Sa osc ov eaten ante from the hose, instead of being rubbed off with a-‘sponge. After a thorough rinsing, the varnish “Te Be © 3 C that | a he ee a a chamois- Money Can Baya JZ In every field the name of some one product always stands forth, establishing a standard of quality by which all others are measured. In the fire arms field that name is COLT For more than 80 years—in the uncertain hazards arising from the unrest of a congested city—in isolated country—amid the dangers of peace and the conflict of war—COLT has stood for the uttermost perfection in fire arms. For simplicity of construction—dependability of action— certainty of results—the product of COLT’S factories i is universally acknowledged ‘‘the proven best by every test.” To be satisfied with lessis to deprive yourself of COLT 2 protection—‘“‘the best that money can buy.” The body of an automobile must be carefully washed and cleaned; other- COLT’s PATENT rune ARMS MFG. CO. Se ir aan la an ee Manufacturers ot Colt’s (Browning) Cec tacit Fiasle skin wrung out continually in clear Automatic Ma- Ausemntic water. A long straight sweeping movement of the chamois produces better results than a rotary motion. A soft woolen duster is preferable to a feather-duster for the interior of the car. Plate-glass windows are best cleaned with soapy water to which a small amount of alcéhol has been added. Rinsing may be done in the usual way, the chamois being used to take up the ‘moisture remaining~ onthe car body, first. making sure the chamois is free from grit. Wax polishes have. ‘been on the market for a number of years and their application is a simple matter. A piece of clean cheese cloth is used in applying the wax and another to distribute it evenly.—R. L. PRINDLE.

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June, 1920

-JHY depend on another. man’s business to make a substantial income for you? Why not put your time and ability into your own tire repair business—then you will get all you earn. well as the other men who own Jim Dandy Tire Repair Establishments. These men broke out of the rut, stopped working for somebody else— and started their own tire repair establishments. We Teach You FREE You can start a highly profitable business today with a few hundred dollars. One Jim Dandy Plant equips you—we teach you every- thing about tire repairing—how to start in busi- ness—how to get trade—what ‘to charge—how- to figure your cash profits. You can learn in one to three weeks—and be ready to make money. It- makes no difference what your present business is. You can make a success of your own tire repair establishment. You don’t have to be a mechanic. Neither do you require a college education. Tire repairing is a business man’s business. If you have the energy and the will to do, we can teach you in a short time. We have had forty-one years successful busi- ness experience. gathering the information and experience which help you make a quick start today. You under- stand, of course, that we give you our training and help without charge. The men who have made big money arethe men who have had the foresight and the nerve to break away from the crowd and strike out for themselves when they saw a chance for inde- pendence. Don’t let a salaried position keep you from your chance to own your own business, be your own master, pocket your own profits. - Many a “job” has kept a man from a bigger opportunity as an executive in his own business. Your Opportunity Haven’t you often felt that you could manage the business you are in now, if you had the training and opportunity? Haven’t you suggestions and. ideas which you know would make bigger profits possible? Give yourself a chance to use these ideas where they will pay you.

ad ——=—=<— TEAR OUT HERE—MAIL TODAY =---—— You can be independent just as” Since 1879. we have been. » -You might as well make $5000 a year. Business-Belndependerit In your own tire repair business you will have ‘a chance to do the planning and give the instructions. Ina short time you can have tiore work than you can do alone. Then you will have assistants to do the actual work, while you -give your time and thought to the active management. No previous training—no long apprenticeship —no large investment. You can get started im- mediately—open a shop—and in a short time you have more work than you can handie alone. Good tire repair men are badly needed. Your profits start the day you set up your Jim Dandy Plant. There is no city too large or town too small for you ~ tovdeee.profitable tire repair business. To every 11 per- sons in the United States there is an automobile with four tires. to. be repaired. .No matter where you are— what your: age or occupation—in one month from today you can be making money from your own tire repair business if you start now. Let us prove it. A Jim Dandy Tire Repair Plant makes it easy for you to learn the business and to turn out the kind of work that brings customers back again and again. It is the only tire repair plant on the market which uses super- heated steam. Perfect. work is assured even when you are a beginner. You can make any kind of a repair— and you buy no unnecessary molds or parts. You do not pay for anything that will not bring returns. The Jim Dandy-has the largest capacity of any plant of its size on the market. It is fully guaranteed and backed by our long experience in the tire repair business. We have established tire repair businesses for men of many ages and professions in towns of 200 population and up and have no record of a failure. We are ready to give you every assistance. Get The Facts By Return Mail Investigate. Send the coupon below or a letter or postcard. This brings you full information—personal consideration and advice—and a big catalog. Tells all - about the tire repair business. How you can make money—be independent. By return mail you can have all the facts before you. It is up to you. You know you want it. Then investigate. Use the coupon below. Scheffer & Rossum Company Established 1879 Minnesota IM. DANDY TIRE REPAIR PLANT St.. Paul

FREE INFORMATION COUPON~ _ Scheer fe Rossum Company, z patos -- 18 .&.Tenth, Saint Paul, Minnesota Ls Sane * -* Gontlesien: Please send full information about how I can start in the tire business with small capital and make a good income. Also your FREE book entitled, ‘*Your Opportunity.” Name; aes ane Address ...

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dh el A ENE RAINE. 3 8 aaa aaa ae

Pew to Make a Stepless. Tre _ Home electricians need not, blow fuses By H. H. Pagker Enough shot are used +0 make a \T first; thought, a tranalonsiit which steps the voltage ‘neither up nor down would. appear to’-be a let? ‘contrivance; but the little -

BESS 5 ? ak he /g "mt fel axor | 2 , so 2b 4 tart |e SEBO a ie a ee Oe | ee Ee ‘ . le 4 | ~~ | 5 a te Fao oes —t “5 : rig 2. at FIG IS Fig. “I gives diméhsions h to-make one. pile.. on can be made’ smaller, as ‘in Fig. i apparatus shown-in: the drawings is designed:to act as a safety valve for the experimenter who likes to manipu- late - his. alternating-current house- lighting-circuit and who is continually blowing fuses. The transformer will deliver 110 volts at the secondary, and 3 or 4 amperes for intermittent work. In experimenting, the secondary ter- minals may be shortened as often as one pleases without affecting the house-circuit; moreover, the coils may be connected in series and the device uced as an auto-transformer, deliver- ing 220 volts at the series terminals. If the primary voltage is to be 220, each coil should be wound with twice the number of turns, or 1120, using smaller wire, such as No. 20 dee. The core is built up of 114-in. sheets of “‘stove’” iron, which should be as thin as may be obtained. The dimen- sions of the sheets are given in Fig. 1. of * -the - sheetsy; If i iron. is used. the-. ba ld pile 114 in. thick, ‘though if transformer iron were used ‘the ‘core could be smaller in cross-section (Eig. 2). Make some flanges out of 3/16-in. red fiber,as shown-in Fig. 3; pile-Gp the sheets forming ‘the core legs, with alternate ends overlapping. 14 in.; clamp them tightly together, “and force the flanges “over them. If there is any looseness, force more. into the pile, but hav2 - @xactly, the-same number in each leg. ., Then wrap the winding spaces, 1 3/16 ~-in. in length, with insulating tape and : Start the winding, after an inch or ‘two. of the wire has been pushed through the slot in the center flange.

DIAGONAL. oy [3 — ae +34 6,8 FF ie | ~~ ( . ~] BINDING-POS

4° b F i 1 bi

4rd. -orening gait ZREQD Figs The flanges are made from 3/16-in. red fiber as shown in Fig. 3. Make sure that there are an equal number of flanges in each leg Use No. 16 dee copper wire; there will be 280 turns in each section, twenty turns per layer, and fourteen layers. Attach the outside end to one of the corner binding-posts and begin winding the second section by soldering the wire to the projecting inside end of the first section. Insulate the joint well and wind on 280 turns in the saan direction, making 560 in all.

Popular Science Monthly

FIG $ Here is the complete transform- er. Make sure that all con- nections are correct before it is - hooked up to the source of current Wind the second leg in exactly the same way; soak the coils in shellac or insulating varnish and bake in an oven. Fig. 4 illustrates this winding process: the method allows both coil ends to come on the outside of the winding, and furthermore, the center flange serves to hold the laminations tightly together. Next push the yoke sheets into place, tapping with a light hammer if necessary and bind with friction-tape. Fig. 5 shows the complete transformer and Fig. 6 the auto-transformer hook-up. The apparatus is intended to operate at the usual frequency of 60 cycles; a lower frequency would require a larger core or a greater number of turns in the winding. + —--- 220 -----+ BEGINNING ENDS OF SECTIONS SOLDERED

This illustration shows how the auto-transformer is hooked up

This illus- | trates the wind-’ ' ing up process ae A Paint-Spraying Device that Saves Effort yAINTING automobile. radiators with a. brush is a long and tedious ‘job. If the paint be applied too thick, the function of the radiator i is badly im- aired; if it be ap- plied too thin, the. fittish will not last. ~ ‘Where much paint. . . Wiig of this kind is” needed a very sat- .isfactory job can be ‘done with a simple “and practical spray-. “Eng device that can ye. made. by anyone. : It consists.of elements, of which two sizes and de- “signs are shown in the illustrations. > *4.“-.end of the vertical

ig te. eontain- the paint has-a‘hollow.> - cylindrical handle A extending at right.” “8 “to the side; through it passes a~ esmaliér tube Bthat extends to the other | sidé of the can.and.above the main - body’ section. A second part; or’ sec-' ~ tion. €,<is placed vertically Its lower _end-is closé'te the bottom’ of the can;

and its upper end is at the extremity of the horizontal tubes B and C, as indi- cated by the dotted lines. This is a simple adaptation of the siphon principle with which everyone is familiar, and of which the best ex- emplification is the atomizer, used in the home. Air is forced through tube B in the handle, directly: aeross the upper tube C: The liq- “uid inside the can... “is drawn’ ‘upward ~~ through the tube and sprayed over a wide area. tT: ‘The mixture of The’ paint used with ~ paint 100

this device must be fairly thin to secure the best results. When painting the radiator, tilt it slightly forward so that the paint may drain from the cooling cells. Another paint-spraying arrange- ment can be made by combining a kerosene-can and a tire-pump. The can should be of W4-gal. capacity. The handle may be arranged either horizontal or vertical as desired, but the siphon should be made from two brass pipes fixed at right angles, one to extend horizontally through the top of the can to afford stability, the other to pass verti- .eally from the top of the _ tom. .At the tube on the outside of the can pe thereis provided a coup- ling which recéives the tube of: the ‘tire-pump, which: is operated as -~*. ygual.—R. L--PRINDLE.

‘can ‘nearly -to the bot- —

iit inca lc act = _

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Junc, 1920 The laipeioesied Rainbow To most of us a lump of soft coal is merely a source of heat coal tar, and its by-products, awaiting only the application of heat refining processes to release a beautiful rainbow of colors from its dungeon of darkness. B: the chemist sees in it illuminating gas, coke, Four thousand years ago, long lines of camels crossed the desert bearing splendid cloths of purple, red and indigo, dyed in primitive fashion with colors obtained from roots and herbs. But today, Milady, whether she lives in Mena, Arkansas, or New York, can be just as gorgeously arrayed as were her sisters in Bagdad, thanks to the chemist’s magic and to temperature indicating, recording, and controlling instruments perfected by science. For in the distillation and refining processes used in obtaining beautiful aniline colors from coal tar, heat must not only be accurately known but controlled. hermometers To help to maintain a tem- perature in your house conducive to good health. Bath hermometers To enable you to get the most good from your bath. In scores of the largest and most ture to the Fery Pyrometer accurately modern chemical laboratories and _ recording thousandths of degrees of dye works Yeos Temperature Indi- heat. cating, Recording and Controlling At the right we list Jeos Instru- Instruments are used because of ments for the home. Ask your dealer their dependable accuracy. Just as about them. If he won’t supply you, they are used in hundreds of other write to us direct sending dealer’s » industries. name. Literature concerning any in- There are over 8,000 different strument in which you may be inter- ) types and styles of Jeos instru- ested will be mailed promptly upon ments, from the delicate fever ther- request. Let the recipient decide as mometer for taking body tempera- to its value and instructiveness. Ipler Home Set Bake Oven Thermometer. CandyT hermometer. Sugar Meter. The secret of ac- curate results in cooking. Fycos Hy grometer To enable you to keep the. humidity of the atmosphere in your home correct at all times. Weather . vometers Forecast the weather twenty-four -hours a with dependable accuracy. Ilr Quality Compasses To show you the right way in unfamiliar country. Froce Fever hermometers A necessity in every home. Taylor Instrument Companies Rochester, N. Y. There’s a Tycos and Zg¢fr Thermometer for every purpose An aid in promoting human efficiency. (Ask Your Dealer)

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=

ens. Published in the interest of Elec- trical Development by an Institution that will be helped by whatever helps the Industry.

. Safety stamps- ree do you know. what they. are? : Oiie: tareky: : hears af an 1 Alectrical fire ; Showadays ete . “Thank the saféty. fein 1: this, ealii: tion, remarkable’ when thousands of: ‘horse- “power in “elevtric current is«carried over . wires, through motors, lights and: countless. - - © devices ofall sorts. But then, for a long time now electrical materials. have passed before a wise censor-— ship—the National Board of Fire Under- writers. Originally a joint committee of insurance companies, they have outreached their first - reason for being and have become a sort of inspirational bureau of standards for all manufactured electrical goods and for elec- trical construction practice. They must approve every specialty device and circuit in your home or business property. They personally inspect all installations so that your electrical work shall be safe from fire risk, and that insurance rates may be minimized. The Underwriters’ safety stamp or written approval is a basis for confidence in things electrical. + sat Twenty years ago electricity was 4 mys- terious, untrusted, fearsome thing. But who fears it today? Not mother manipulating the morning toaster. Not the lineman on the pole. Not even the children around the Christmas tree with their electrical train. ; The Underw titers have preached clockstoal safety—w orked to make it. practical and, as. you will admit, -have succeeded. eetrarey ester Electric Company N 0. 6 Visualize a catalog ‘seven inches by ten, with each of its 1100 pages devoted. to listings and information on elec- trical devices’ and materials. This will give you some idea of the many-sided activity of me in ied the _ 8 electrical

a

Popular Science Monthly Ford Owners May Safely Go Out in the Rain PROBABLY there is not one Ford - Owner out of a hundred who has not, ‘at some time or other, been unable “to start his engine because the rain has driven in between the dash and the cowl of the car and short-circuited the wiring back of

SPACE. BETWEEN DASHBOART ¢ AND’ COWL FILLED WITH || a. coil - box. ROOFING PAPER CEMENT ~\/ is is a.com- ae monoccurrence me x , “iy 7 and the owner ( has finally'to re. pass sort to-a water- DASHBOARD proof cover to protect the ora opening -during No more dread of rain- ‘wet weather storms and. shorted coils. - ; . if you adapt this water- One way to pranks devicefor your Ford cure this nuis- ance is to fill the space between the cowl and the dashboard, as indicated in the sketch, with the thick black cement which comes as part of the equipment of every roll of roofing-paper. If the cement is thick from cold weather, warm it until it will flow, and then pour it in a small stream the full length of.the seam.. The cement ‘will set in a very short tithe and is a sure cure for the leak. A. Disappearing Clothesline- Pole for Your Yard. NO save space and improve the ap- pearance of the back yard, it is well to have disappearing’ elothesline- poles like the one shown ‘in ‘the dia- gram. A length of gas-pipe is sunk to a depth of 6 or 7 ft. and a smaller one is made to telescope into it, forming the pole proper. The outside pipe is 14 in. in diam- eter; the other, LINE ¥ in. The larger pipe should pro- RING ject 2 or 3 in. abovethe ground to prevent mate- rial from work- ing down into it ZS and clogging the end. Two holes are bored in ithe smaller pipe, which ‘takes a small round iron pin to keep <it. when your clothes- from falling out poles are not in use, of ght, sank te: leet mttaer ® ° ce] m 1 hold it up to its ‘ital onk of the way position when in use. To prevent. accidental dropping of the pipe, however, | the smaller pipe may be 2 or 8 in. longer. than the casing, so that, even when it is 3 dropped it will still extend out of the casing. The.top-of the pipe-pole is provided

with a looped iron rod to take-the line when it is passed through it, as shown in the diagram.—DALE VAN HORN.

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i une, 1920 Weighs a trifle more than 6 pounds, travels in its own snug carry- ing case, does standard typing—your choice of elite or pica size type. Folds up like a book. Price $50 with case. Booklet on request. eS a hry —— ae ee ‘ Onited States Army Field Radio Service Where Compactness is Vital b Bg- eres every inch of space must be utilized and every superfluous ounce of weight aban- doned, you find little, folding, sturdy Corona doing a man-size job. Thus its extraordinary compactness and lightness place Corona among the little giants of achieve- ment. As in the modern thin-model watch which keeps perfect time and the pocket camera which makes sharp, clear pictures, so in Corona, inventive genius reduces size while it increases efficiency. Costly office space, limited traveling quarters, high transportation charges, expensive and none too abundant clerical help—these and a score of other reasons have placed Corona in the hands of over 200,000 users who value it for its unfailing useful- ness, its retiring disposition when not busy and its enduring toughness under heavy duty. Corona Branches and Agencies all over the world Built by CORONA TYPEWRITER CO., INC. CORONA The Personal ‘Writing’ Mach ine up — Take it with you ~~ Typewrite anywe} Y € 103

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ee

any aig

nS SGOT eo 8

Electricians’ Wiring Manual By F. F. SENGSTOCK, E. E. Formerly ELECTRICAL INSPECTOR, Chicago Board of Underwriters

Its Value to You ‘TO WIREMEN and THE APPRENTICE. It places in your hands compact, practical information applying to any sort of light or power installation i in strict accordance with the National = Electrical Code. Eliminates trouble by showing how to avoid it. The apprentice, by following its directions, may become an intelligent wireman, able to give, off-hand, reliable installation data. ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS will find it a book to place in the hands of their workmen, and one that they will appreciate, because it explains what they want to know without technicalities, and further it gives them the idea of how to do,the wark from an inspector’s point of view, one thing the con- tractor wants. Supplies valuable estimating data and standard forms ‘and specifications — by companies having long experience. _ BUILDING ENGINEERS and MAINTENANCE MEN often called upon to do odd jobs of wiring—you will appreciate the, value of this book. It will fortify you against any mistakes and enable you to tackle _ anything in this line of work. T seven Chapters, 448 P; Flesible Binding, Pocket Size, Other Practical Books CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL ALTERNATING CURRENT MOTORS. By A: E. Watson. :? This’ book contains ‘complete feetgwctions for _building - i» ae small alternating current~ niotors in several. sizes. _ The designs .will -be*found*in paraiony -withithose Sof... the very best manufactufers d they, carbe ww worked* out by the amateurzfor rena Kid susetulringerp ents; a Fully illustrated. ; Kua Price postpaid, $1 Sicaat WORKING - Re COMPLETE. PRACTICAL” MACHINIST. - By metal-working tools,’ both hand ‘and “machine, and~ tells how the work should be propertly ‘done,*: It,~ covers lathe workwise work, drills and drilling, taps - and dies, hardeningvand tempeting)- the mdking,and * use of tools, tool ading, ‘marking out work,*machine tools, etc. No machinist’s library-is complete without this volume. 514 by 8 Inches. Cloth Binding. 504 Pages. 395 IMlustrations. Price postpaid, $3.25 ARMATURE “WINDING. By Davip P. More- Ton. This book covers the theory of armature winding and the _ practical application of these principles to the winding of various types of arma- tures. The-book is profusely illustrated with wiring diagrams and ‘photographs of coil winding apparatus and is a thoroughly modern treatment of the subject. Partial tables of contents: DIRECT-CURRENT ARMATURES. Development of the Electromotive Force Equation, General Classification of Arma- tures, Ring Windings, Lap Windings, Wave Wind- ings, Armature Construction, Commutator Con- struction, Forming Armature Coils, Winding Arma- tures, Impregnating and Insulating Windings, Binding Wires, etc. ALTERNATING-CURRENT ARMATURES. Development of Electromotive Force Equation. Single- Two- and Three-phase Winding, Delta and Star Connections, Open and Closed-Circuit Windings, Single and Multiple Circuit Windings, Lap Windings, Wave Windings, Chain Windings, etc. Methods of Reconnecting a Winding for Different Voltage, Frequencies or Number of Poles. Price postpaid, $2.10. Book Dept. Popular Science Monthly 415 Wustrations = ~-.| - ice postpaid, $2.50. >| +; EW persons realize that rough surveying can be done with a common watch, but such is the case. By means of this’ always; ‘available instrument, approximate direction and angles can be determined | in a few moments, and the. uncertainty of loeation and ‘travel somewhat over- come. This is valuable in desert, ocean and prairie travel. A watch-face ‘is :divided. into 12 major. sections,’ indicated by the hours from?1 “to* 12:7 “AS the ¢omplete circle consists | “of 360° each: Major section from one numeral fo the next would be 1/12 of that, or 30°. Then again, ‘each space - between nunierals * is ‘further ‘divided into 5 equal Parts, or minutes, each one of the minutes representing 6°.- With this in mind it will be easy to approximate angles. Suppose, for instance, you are at sea in strange waters and have lost your bearings. You want to find the

‘ —s ne

r ‘ ‘ ‘ he op ’ 4 by 1d 4 Wes ote tlie 1 STA Only a slight . knowledge of geom- etry is* necessary ~to ‘use these novel methods of measuring angles angle’ between the light house L and the distant ship B. Then by determin- ing other angles, you will try to ascer- tain your distance from land. The matter in hand, however, is to find the angle LWB. Take out your watch and lay it down level, the numeral 1 pointing to the lighthouse L. A straight-edge, laid across the center of the watch and the numeral 1, and in line with the distant object, will give fairly accurate point- ing. Then, leaving the watch in the same position, find where the straight- edge cuts the dial when pointed

225 West 39th Street, New York towards the becalmed ship B. In this 104 Popular Science Monthly Measuring Angles with a Watch By Windsor Crowell case it comes directly over the numeral 4, Then, as there are exactly 3 major sections included in the space between,

Suppose you were a pilot and the light- ning injured your compass. Could you get your bearings with a watch? 1 and 4, and each space represents 30°, the angle LWB would measure 90°. Suppose you want the angle between the lighthouse and another point on the land, represented by the tree 7’. Take the two directions in the same way, pointing numeral 1 towards one landmark, such as the lighthouse L. This time the straight-edge cuts the dial when pointing towards T’, so that it comes between .two numerals and lies over a minute-mark between numerals 10 and 11. Simply add the space between numerals to the space between the remaining minutes. Thus, the space between 1 and-11 represents 60°, and that between 11: and the second minute-mark represents 12°. Their sum is 72°, and means that the angle LWT is 72°, To.any one witha meager - knowledge of geometry or trigonometry, the find- ing of resulting distances.and directions is a simple matter and:some day may stand him in good stead. Weighing Poultry or Produce on Homemade Scales CONVENIENT set of scales that will take the place of both the spring- and the beam-scales is herein described and illustrated. It can be built by any amateur mechanic in a few hours and at practically no expense. The principle is that of lifting a suspended weight by lever- age; therefore there are no springs to weaken or weights to lose. Erect a piece of wood, 2 in. by 4 in. vertically upon a 1-in. plank about 2 ft. long by 1 in. wide. The standard erected should be about 2 ft. high and have a smooth finish. Then cut out a lever from oak or other heavy, close-grained wood, mak- ing it of about the shape illustrated. The top edge must be about 6 in. wide, and the bottom edge, about 15 in. or 18 in. wide. This forms a wedge-

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VerAlls ““Tuning up’’ one of the world’s largest passenger locomotives for arunon the Atlan- tic City R. R. TRADE MARK UNION. MADE og. U-5PaL0F V More quality, more comfort and more durability are put into every dol- lar’s worth of Blue Buckle OverAlls and Coats than you ever before found in a work suit. Each garment squares up to the Blue Buckle standard—the finest work-rig in America! Test the strength of Blue Buckles’ staunch indigo-blue denim; the riveted brass buttons; brass clasps; the-non-splitting reinforced back band; suspenders scientifically cut tostay upon the shoulders! Together with the flaw- less Union workmanship, these features insure the utmost in wear and comfort your money can buy. Know the satisfaction of doing a job in the best togs obtainable. Blue Buckles will delight you! JOBBERS OVERALL COMPANY, Inc., Lynchburg, Va. Largest manufacturers of overalls in the world 105

Page 86

Oh! its the magic Figure 8 O wonder they are all crowding around! They all know that it’s the magic figure 8 that makes the 1900 Cataract Electric Washer the perfect washing machine. The figure 8 means that the hot sudsy water is forced through the clothes in a figure 8 motion and four times as often as in the ordinary washer. Then there’s the planished copper tub—not a part in it to rub and wear the clothes, pull off buttons, or tear out button- holes! And when you’ ve finished the wash, there are no heavy cylinders to lift out and clean. The wringer also works electrically and is movable. You can swing it from washer to rinse water, to blue water, to clothes basket without moving or shifting the washer. The 1900 works quickly too and costs less than 2c an hour to operate. And it washes a whole tubful of clothes spotless and clean in 8 to 10 minutes. The water swirls through the tub in a figure 8 move- ment four times as often as in the ordinary washer. Our Special Trial Offer You may prove to yourself that the 1900 is the perfect washing ma- chine.- There is a 1900 dealer near you who will gladly demonstrate a 1900 Cataract Washer right in your own home. Then if you wish you may start paying for it on terms to suit your convenience. Remember, we also have washing machines oper- ated by hand and water power. Write to us today for the name of the nearest 1900 dealer, and a copy of the book, ‘‘George Brinton’s Wife.” It’s a story you will enjoy. Molly, his pretty little wife, had troubles of her own until she inter. | ed a bridge party, and then tices began to happen. : 1900 Cataract Washer 1900 WASHER CoO. 206 Clinton St., Binghamton, N. Y. Canadian Factory and Office: CANADIAN 1900 WASHER CO. 357 Yonge St., Toronto Just connect it with the electric light and off it starts. 1900 WASHER CO. 206 Clinton St., Binghamton, N. Y. Please send me the name of the nearest 1900 dealer, and a copy of the story, ‘“George Brinton’s Wife.”” CITY AND STATE — Popular Science Monthly shaped piece; one edge of it should be “|.-perpendicular to the bottom. This is the front. Pivot this lever to the supports with a bolt; as shown in detail, so that it will swing freely and well clear of the standard. ; A platform of 1 in. board, 2 ft. long and 1 ft. wide, is then fastened to the top edge of the lever with screws. Two blocks underneath, fastened to OLLABMKMADLASAL 7 Zw \"w This set of home-made scales takes the place of both the beam- and the spring- scale. It can be made for almost nothing the lever, help steady it. Two up- right partitions should be set on the platform to keep the goods which are being weighed from rolling off. A hook underneath will serve to hang things on. Next apply sufficient weight to the bottom of the lever so that the front edge will be brought as nearly as possible parallel to the edge of the support. Make a scale of cardboard, and set it edgewise upon the base in the position shown. Also, set a pointer of stiff wire on the back surface of the lever which will come down in front of the scale without touching it. To calibrate the scale, set known weights upon the platform, and mark along the scale just where the pointer comes, ounce for ounce, or pound for pound, as the weights are increased. Thus you will always have a fixed scale, and springs or lost weights will not vary it. Give the whole scale a coating of shellac or varnish to keep out the dampness. Fasten the base to a table or bench, so that heavy loads will not tip it over.—L. B. ROBBINS. Taking the Dents Out of a Gasoline-Tank ERY often an automobile comes into the garage with its gasoline- tank dented, the result of a rear-end collision, or perhaps of backing into a pole or post when the car was about to be parked. While dents do not prevent the proper functioning of the gasoline system, they are nevertheless un- sightly and detract from the neatness of its ‘appearance. They can be removed by the following method: ’.Make a pull rod A.and end pad B as shown in the illustration, and. scarf the-edge C. Solder the lower-end of ~ this tool right on to the metal-of'the ~~ tank -in ‘the. center of the dent as shown.at«D...Cap the.tank; apply a Ss Cc Somer DO”? oe oo erect OD = = a kre =O CO Of

Page 87

June, 1920: a, New Taconic ei mir valves i jHot towels and linge ( not need ed. of softe oning the bear Bitcca emulsifying the al coat on nite beard. rrubbing | be secret What Science Has Done to simplify shaving Several years ago we began to make shaving a study in the Palm- olive Laboratories. We were certain there was a scientific way to make each hair cut easily, and we sought to find it. We studied the beard. We learned that the obstacle. in fitting the beard for the razor was the oil that coats every hair of the beard. This oil, we found, did not yield as it should to the ‘ordinary ~ lather. Hence it was difficult for water to penetrate and soften'the beard. As a result, men had to apply .hot towels or rub with the fingers, The solution ’ The solution to the problem, we knéw, lay in a different lather than men were using. And we spent months experimenting with prep- arations. We tried 130 formulas before we achieved our Palmolive formula and mastered the last re- maining problem. And that men may know what a dif- Serence it makes in shaving we are offer- ing a trial tube free. See how easy With Palmolive you need no hot towels or rubbing to soften the beard. You just put a bit of the cream on the face, whisk it up into a lather, and your beard is ready for the razor! This is because Palmolive instantly emulsifies the oil coat on the beard; so the water penetrates quickly. And such a shave as you enjoy with Palmolive! You never dreamed a razor could glide so smoothly over the face. This is because this lather also lubricates the skin, so the razor can’t scrape or irritate. Both lather and lotion Palmolive contains ‘both Palm and Olive oils. Thus it is “a lotion as well as a lather. It gives the skin a. satin smoothnegs, ‘a: delight- ful cool “after feel’. when: yshaved. No other applications: ‘are “neces- “s. ae ad “ = sary. ¥ ae Try it feegs > what an amazing: difference?: Note ‘that y you. don't Have-to re lather with ciate omni a: +2 ee A mere bit is ampk lather 250- times. ~Therejs . enough | for 152:shaves-in.our 35c size: A cream so active, as you know, is something decidedly new. But don’t accept our word for the wonders of Palmolive ‘Cream. Be the ‘judge yourself, at oir ex-" pense. Use a trial tube free. Send for it today. Large size tube at druggist’s, 35c THE PALMOLIVE COMPANY Milwaukee, U.S.A, a ee Note the coupon here, «It. eingee™ al you a trial tube: of, -~Palmalive, ; ett Cream free and postpaid... sings ante be Try a Palmolive: shiive ag se ‘fora 8 et ae For Palmolive. rahi vitselfin =»... Free—A trial tube Free youre from _ old- timeshavingfaults.Know how quick and easy ond pleasant shaving . A trial al tube of of Palmolive will prove a revelation to you. Se for it today. No charge. mail the coupon. 8 eR ae eewesweeseasessessesssssys For a free trial tube The Palmolive Company, Dept. 102, Milwaukee, U.S. A. t Please send me a Free Trial Tube of Palmolive Shaving Cream. er aoe ees wwe cess secersceeescceneneet Hee onecees stescerecesesececsanegee * ee ee ee 2 ed SaaS set in ip ee le ne oe patent 107 7 a —— = ~ —————————

Page 88

40 minutes use Shows the way to whiter teeth All statements approved by high dental authorities This test requires four minutes daily for ten days. To millions it has brought a new era in teeth cleaning. The glistening teeth you see ge where now should lead you to learn the way. That cloudy film Teeth are clouded by a film. B3y a viscous, ever-present film. You can feel it with your tongue. Modern research has traced most tooth troubles to it. Film clings to teeth, enters crevices and stays. If not removed it hardens. The ordinary tooth paste does not dis- solve it, so much escapes the tooth brush. Thus well-brushed teeth by millions dis- color and decay. It is the film-coat that discolors, not the teeth. Film is the basis of tartar. It holds food substance which ferments and forms acid. It holds the acid in contact with the teeth to cause decay. Millions of germs breed in it. They, = tartar, are the chief cause of pyor- rhea. The new method A dental cleaning removes the film- coat, but that is periodic. The need was for a daily film combatant, and science long has sought it. The way has now been found. Able authorities have proved its efficiency. And now leading dentists everywhere are urging its adoption. An ideal tooth paste has been created to meet all modern requirements. The name is Pepsodent. And this new film combatant is embodied in it. A quick convincing test We now supply to thousands daily, a quick, convincing test. And we urge every home to make it. Pepsodent is based on pepsin, the digestant of albumin. The film is al- buminous matter. The object of Pep- sodent is to dissolve it, then to day by day combat it. But pepsin must be activated, and the usual agent is an acid harmful to the teeth. So this method long seemed barred. Science, however, has discovered a harm- Pepsodéent REG. U.S. The New-Day Dentifrice Ascientific film combatant com- bined with two other modern req- uisites. Now advised by leading dentists everywhere and supplied by all druggists in large tubes. less activating method, so active pepsin may be daily used on film.. Send the coupon for a 10-Day Tube. Note how clean the teeth feel after using. Mark the absence of the viscous film. See how teeth whiten as the film-coat disappears. ~ Compare your teeth now with your teeth in ten days. Then decide for yourself the way to beauty and to better protec- tion. This test is most important. Cut out the coupon so you won't forget. po om ONS OR AY Aa Mp Oe pe ce eR mE SO anes nee ee 395 8 10-Day Tube Free §! + * THE PEPSODENT COMPANY, Dept. 476, 1104 S. Wabash Ave., 4 Chicago, 1 : Mail 10-Day Tube of Pepsodent to” 7 an REDS) eames os ks Hi gaes eee L k a - I es eevee °° ally waist too feindy see we eeesceos 4 . 108 ~ DIAL INDICATOR FASTENED Popular Science Monthly hydrostatic: pressure: from the.water. «» ., line E, and, while pulling upward on the tool, hammer all around the cir- cumference of the dent, as F. It will respond to this treatment and when Rear-end collisions are unavoidable and usually they dent the gasoline- tanks. Remove them as illustrated the dent is pulled out, the solder can be melted and removed and the tank given a coat of paint, which will restore it:toits original luster. - A Quick Method of Lining Up Lathe Centers ANY a mechanic, if asked to line up the centers on a lathe, will in- variably place the live center and dead center in their respective places, run © the tailstock up close to the live center, secure it, and then run the dead center out until it just touches the live center. He takes a squint at their points and if they are apparently the same, he declares the lathe to be in Al condition. At its best, this method is only a makeshift depending a great deal on the condition of the center points: the sharper the center points are, the more dependable is the test. By adopting the following method the alinement of the lathe centers can be determined to within 0.0005 at any point on the bed of the machine. Place a piece of 1 in. cold-rolled stock in the lathe-chuck so that it pro- jects out about 6 in. After centering with a combination center-drill, peel the center. Now secure a dial indica- tor in the tool-post so that the point will be direct- ~ ly over the center on top. Set the indi- cator at zero in tension on top of the stock near the end. Move up the tailstoek and clamp it tight. Run out the dead ' center into the peeled center hole and watch the indi- cator. _ If the lathe is not in line, the tail- stock center will pull the piece of stock IN TOOL: POST: Lining up lathe centers is easy provided you know how to do it | up. or down, and the indicator will record the amount Of error. .'.."Fhe tailstock .center must- be short and stubby, because if it projects out ‘too far, the stock will move the center. -~-This same test can. be :applied -at four different points—the top,. the bottom, -and sides.—J,.J.- MCINTYRE. Ao CER. ore. ’ Beige ct

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June, 1920: -

minimum, The Reproducer. Tone quality is dependeat. an Teproducer, tone arm. and ~ chamber, Each must be harmonized in its relation to.the two in order to produce a sweet ing tone, The SILVERTO

mechanical noises are reduced

- amen

Amplifying Chambers, The sounds carried from the re- Producer through the tone arm are given volume and resonance in ‘a scientifically designed amplifying

chamber or horn, ‘This chamber is _built of carefully seasoned wood and, ‘like the sounding boards of a fine violin, imparts to the reclaimed sound vibrations sweetness and resonance,

Heppelwhite @ Period Design. Mahogany, Fumed or Golden Oak. Model IX _.. -:_ Price, $100.00 Pe 7 over all, inches wide and 22 inches 46%: inches high, 20 450 Model vin ""™ Oak. Price, $80 deep. Net weight, ae Dimensions over all, “¢ inches ae, 1% inches a $4100 in either fumed or golden and 22 in. deep. Net weight, oak, Metal parts are hea’ nickel ready to play, 76% pounds, r ll visible metal parts are A Month heavily nickel plated and pol- Plated and polished. An as- A . ment of needles ee to play, 69 pounds in mahogany and 74 pounds A Month ished, An assortment of needles included.

Adam Period ¥ Design.

*- Plays All Disc Records. op ioe pas ple almost sas it ds ‘o change See

© Tone Control. ero Ri etups With which each

. Ble cae Ae

gis ae ai ‘impart: your 9 ite eco Pala gives com- Peatame of sound, tor at any de- a uniform r-the modulator while a selection ‘enabling you to pwn interpretation to the

+ ly H i

— Powerful Silent: Motor. tof wae SILVERTONE 8, of Dome, 8 pay the fizetablo speed absolutély ‘uniform... The motor is equipped. with a silent winding -cranks wit

Queen Anne Period Design. “Model vin"

Period Design Cabinets. ILVERTONE Cabinets are the finest product of the skilled cabinetmakers’ art. Made in the most popu- lar period designs, every one is a handsome piece of furni- ture—dignified, graceful and artistic in appearance. Only the finest selected woods are used in their construction and _they are finished and fitted with that exquisite care and perfection which mark. the “work of the painstaking. artisan.

SE oe ec ae BLANK—CLIP A ALONG L DOTTED LINES. j Order Blank SHIP BY Boeigia Express fz] — Roebuck “ er Chicago. oo Sor Py LaaghrraeNpe ae with an 1f0r bo, weeks eg a mB ag Be ghey send you the first puenegre each month, “until paid i ~¥ fully then the 8) Should I gates after two weeks’ trial, that the SILVER pecan I will notify you, and you are to give me instructions so that I may send it back at Zour expense, .. You: are also to return to me any tra portation and cattage charges I have: paid. paying my obligations and am making this you to grant me ese terms, and I trusting ‘me to payas: agreed? I have always been faithful in statement for the oe of ind

-00 $4.50 a Month.

oy IX Golden eye aioe = ers net

Oak 00 sa. Fn 50s ai

-s sponsible should sign this ¢ order, with you.)

er Xf Mahogany. Price, $145.00. $5.00 a Month,

Model -XI- Walnut. *' ' Price, $145.00 $5.00 a Month.

give you my es you ay = Here ow A. (Sign r name here plainly d carefully. of your faniily’ wh is’ of age and ra om F. D. 7 ve “treet No. and No, Postoffice Ghippt g Point — . have If less than*5 this town cia former * My business, nervention

Model XI Fumed Oak: : Price, $145.00 $5.00 Month.

or profession és Plesse a give Sele of head of household to prevent — mistakes and simplify the keeping of our records. Name of head of household _ Model XV Mahogany.: Price, $175.00 $5.50 a Month.

Model XV Walnut. Price, $175.00 $5.80 0 Month, 1

q (Please give names of TWO references.) REFERENCES:

= J % address + Model XVI Mahogany. Price, $195.00 $6.00 Maith,

Business or Occupation

Model XVI Walnut,” ice, $195.00 $6.00 2 Mont

Model VI Golden Oak, Price, $48.00 $3.00 a Month. [—. Model. VII Mahogany, Price, $57.00 $3.50 a Month Model VIII Fumed Oak. LJ Price, $80.00 $4.00 Month, Rts Mahogany.

. ————— 5 mr aR ae Se EEN | tl aie a Sn ne — SS unm mes FEY <n. green ERAS

pg SCP SITIOS CITT TA at

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spacer) a SORA SOE po eappgemee 6 e peren ame—os eetn cee eae a ee osnemmnadl ootien ss esa encore ice nai a ee oe Steet ee ae The Thrill of a Lifetime | GO where the water sparkles and rip- ples in sunshine and shadow —go where head to toe—go when you will and where you will—your bicycle is ready, waiting and willing. Get out your rod and tackle box—and hop to it! Swift, glorious flight; combining both comfort and We back this Trade-Mark with our reputation. heaith .. A>-bicycle- saves: time and money, too —ana will help you work as well as ‘‘play.”” Buy abicycle now and.be particular. Buy a Day- “ton Bicycle, the’ acknowledged: ‘ leader—backed by 25 years’ experience, skill and reputation. Write today for. -your dealer’s nameand copy of our . handsome catalog No. 44, showing S splendid ne new" 1920 Dayton Models for men,,- women, boys and - gifls: Learn whata Dayton Bicycle will doforyou. : Cycle Dept., THE DAVIS SEWING MACHINE CO., Dayton, 0 Ohio __" Ride a Bicycte’ He Popular Science Monthly Allow Your. Automobile. Engine to Breathe HANGES in temperature affect the carburetor to such an extent that in many cases adjustments must be modified to meet atmospheric con- ditions. An air- valve attached to the intake manifold _ will eliminate much of this trouble, for then the air adjustment can be changed by the simple turning of a lever. The most simple, yet ef- fective, auxili ary air-valve is that made by thread- ing a Ford oil-cup into a hole in the side of the intake manifold. A metal strip 1% in. wide is soldered to one side of the movable part of-the oil-cup, which will then form a lever to control the opening and closing of the valve. A hole is drilled near the end of this lever and a length of wire attached. This wire runs through eopper tub- ing to the steering wheel, where it is manipulated at the will of the car driver. —R. L. PRINDLE. Buggy-Axles and Wheel-Hubs Make Good Gate-Hinges HE next time you have a spare buggy-axle and a gate that needs new hinges, make them work together in the cause of economy. Clamp the axle to the gate-post, as shown in the illustration, so that the bottom end of the axle will come 3 or 4 in. from the ground. Put the hubs of the wheels on the axles, and thread on the nuts. “anne one penny n each hub, SPOKE> STRAP.IRON el te rage clamp to the ~ bottom and gINTAKE MANIFOLD —y GAS FROM CARBURETOR Your engine will run much better if you attach an auxiliary air-valve to the intake manifold thegate. Three or four little U- shaped clamps, looped over the spoke and screwed to the gate, will hold it firmly. The axle will have to be fast-~ Every farm has one or ened to a piece. two old buggy - wheels _ around. Why not make of : wood, and ‘a "gate hinge from them? the wood: se- cured to the ee if the . post is" longer~ than the axle. This is a good solid way of ‘sus- 2 ‘pending a gate, and the axle will outwear several . - paits of‘ ordinary hinges, provided it is greased and painted. to withstand the elements. “The axle-hingehas also the virtue of being -easily....adjusted. —THORTON HALLETT. - -2- top boards of June, 1 an ow | aw} £2)

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June, 1920 NAVY SALE OF SEAPLANES A large quantity of seaplanes, spare parts and accessories are offered for sale by the NAVY at fixed prices. This is an unusual opportunity and should be given careful consideration by everyone who is interested in aviation. PLANES ARE NEW—NEVER HAVE BEEN FLOWN and most of them are still crated as received from the makers. They have been well taken care of and are in excellent condition. We advise immediate action, as orders will be accepted and filled in the order in which deposits are received. The following are offered: HS-2-L TYPE FLYING BOATS— pusher biplane—one Liberty engine of 300 H. P.—wing spread (Upper plane) 74 ft., total supporting surface 803 sq. ft. —maximum speed 85 miles per hr. Sale OUND du bee cock 3% sk che cd as ie $6,160 H-16 TYPE FLYING BOATS— tractor biplane—two Liberty engines of 330 H. P. each—wing spread 95 ft.— total wing surface 1,164 sq. ft.—maximum speed 95 miles per hr. Sale price .$11,053 F-5-L TYPE FLYING BOATS—es- sentially same as H-16 (lot 2) but larger— wing spreads 104 ft.—total area 1,397 sq. {t.—maximum speed of 87 miles per be. “Gite Beles... cies eS $12,400 AEROMARINE TYPE 39-B SEA- PLANE (pictured above)—tractor bi- plane—Curtiss 100 H. P. engine—wing spread 47 ft.—total area 494 sq. ft.— maximum speed 72 miles per hr. Sale AS A is bee ey This we consider our best buy. En- dorsed by NAVY flyers as the safest and most easily operated seaplane. A manu- facturer is marketing a set of wheels and tail skid which, substituted for the pon- toon, converts this into a successful land plane. MODEL 40 FLYING BOATS—pusher biplane—one Curtiss 100 H. P. engine— wing spread approx. 48 ft.—total area 504 sq. ft.—maximum speed of 70 miles pet Tt, * Sipe is ess cee $4,000 CURTIS GNOME SPEED SCOUTS —complete with Gnome engine installed. Never flown. Packed in original cases. OS a re Ppa eer eer | $2,000 BOEING SEAPLANES—tractor bi- plane—one Hall-Scott 100 H. P. engine— wing spread 44 ft.—to’al wing area 495 sq. {t.—maximum speed of 72 miles per ee ee oS” 7 $2,000 TYPE “R” KITE BALLOONS—Used for observation and instruction purposes: Towed by vessels and also flown from land. : Sele: prictcics.. i vexcaeaen $2,500 Those who follow aerial affairs closely, no doubt noticed a recent newspaper item which told of a record-breaking flight from Miami, Fla., to Bemini, Bahama Islands, by a seaplane, carrying sixteen and baggage. H-16 flying boat (lot 2) purchased from the NAVY and was originally designed to carry four persons. The sketch shows how it was converted to carry SIXTEEN PERSONS AND SAGGAGE at a cost of about $1,000 for the necessary alterations. You can do the same. ats The plane making this record was a type 5% OF PURCHASE PRICE—BUYS A PLANE Just send to the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, Navy Department, 5% of the amount of your order, with your order, and the goods are yours, subject, of course, to prior sale. This deposit can be by certified check or money order drawn to the order of the Paymaster General of the Navy, or the bond of a surety company acceptable as sureties on Federal Bonds. The balance shall be paid within 30 days after acceptance of your order. ENGINES AND SPARE PARTS In addition to-the planes the NAVY is offering a number of sets of spare parts, at fixed prices, which can be purchased with or without a plane. ENG. NES, new and used, are offered in an astonishing assortment and at prices equally astonishing. The list includes: RENAULT, HALL-SCOTT, CURTISS V-2, ISOTTA-FRASCHINI, STURTEVANT, CURTISS OX AND OXX, GNOME, FIAT and the LIBERTY. The prices range from 175 to 2000 dollars according to make and condition. ORDER FROM THIS ANNOUNCEMENT AND AVOID DISAPPOINTMENT Several lots included in the sale at the start are completely sold out, several times as many orders being received as there were planes for sale. Orders will be attended to in rotation as they come in, so we advise ordering from the descriptions given above. But for those who desire additional information the NAVY has prepared a beautifully illustrated catalogue which will on request to the sent free BUREAU OF SUPPLIES AND ACCOUNTS UNITED STATES NAVY WASHINGTON, D. C.

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Ea Sean pe OR a [CRAG CELE GES EE SS SEES SECURES SES COTTE SS AEA AS CEA CA SASS QUALITY EVER MAINTAINED . TIMES CHANGE BUT LEAVE UNCHANGED THE QUALITIES WHICH HAVE MADE BXN.D. THE WORLD-WIDE STANDARD OF SUMMER COM FORT. NO UNDERWEAR IS B-V-D- WITHOUT THIS RED WOVEN LABEL ‘MADE FOR THE | (Trade Mark Reg US. Pat Of and Foreign Countries? THE B-V-D*COMPAN™ NE “—ar PKK (4 40'S: eS SSS vagia'a'ig'a'a'tg'a\a'did'd' @'a' a de) AREA EER EERE EERE ORES RRRERRR RB ES, PEP PE PEPER EL ERE RREREIERE IRR III R P e B ea lal al al ala PES Sh SP SP PSS SP be P SPP EPP eh PP PP Pe PP hh PPP PP Ph PP Ph Ph Ph bee PD PP Dh S'S DPD PhP PPP bP Ph PP '! A Ste " Motor Attached to Your Wheel will Convert it into a High-Grade, Practical and Successful Motor-Cycle, age will cost you less to operate than heavy machine. Write at once and = seen low factory prices. Excellent opportunity for hustling agents. Send stamp. STEFFEY MFG. CO. Dept. S,;.5025 Brown Street, Phila., Pa. FIC INSPECTORS CIATE LIMITED! Te BIG MEN ae That is what gives them chances for promotion. They start in at a good salary — $110.00 a month and expenses. The work is important, for the safety of thousands depends on their vigilance when they do their work as we teach them they attract the favorable attention of their superiors. Promotions then are rapid. Learn This Profitable Profession All you need Ais @ common school education for entrance to our three-month’s course, spe, 2s to learn at home during your Yay Se initiative mow, —— 80 the dem Sere TWEAE ISA BIG DEMAND ITU TID. We know of hehehe for our graduates, ae started our course a few months hold positions. , a R BOOKLET tells of this id —out in the out-doors—how phew 4 aT with men— you can earuan. excellent ov rom start—how you ow climb to a much bigger future. Way not ccnd it todayt today? WE SECURE YOUR POSITION. Standard Business Training Institute, , BUFFALO, N. Y. = Cleartone Phonographs o _34.00 to $200.00 Retail ry Dept. offers Needles 39c Jer, thousand. Motors Soni ks to $14.75 each. Tone-. and Re cers $1.30 to $5.75 per set. Main Springs 20e co) LUCKY 13 PHONOGRAPH COMPANY Export Dept. 466, E. 12th Street, N.Y., U.S.A, BE AN. EXPERT s ) y “a fv Wonderful, new device, guides your hand; corrects your writing in few days. Big improvement in three hours. No failures. Complete outline FREE. Write C. J. Ozment, Dept. 52, St. Louis, Mo. Learn to Dance! Wats ean mn osn Bog, -Trot, One-Step, L pete my Pao ey yt Een Syotem of Mall Inte New successfully. hipfitters, Structural Workers, C Cc ters, Brick- ape Mechanics, Plumbers, pekttern Boiler- makers and ey can earn more money ra they know how to read Blue Prints. By our m we train ~ you in 3 short ‘ume. trade, e also teach D | Earn bi money. Drafts! tools FREE. Write for Catalog G. COLUMBIA CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Dept. U, Drexel Bidg., Phila., Pa. Popular Science M. onthly A Safety Handle-Holder Makes Drilling Safer CIVIL engineer reports that the drill operators on a big construc. tion site in a nearby city, have de. vised this “safety first’ drill-holder or -handle. A length of heavy iron wire is looped a few times at one end to hold the drill, and bent at the other to form a hand - grasp. The loops are loose enough to allow the drill ; to rebound and Nomore mashed fin- turn after each a for drill opera. ors if they use blow. The this wire handle length of the handle enables drill-holder to keep his hand at a safe distance from the hammer.—JAMES M. KANE. To Make an Old Spigot Last a Short While Longer HEN the screw of a spigot becomes so worn that it refuses to catch, it looks like a hopeless case, Still, it can be repaired so as to tide over for a few days, or even longer. Unscrew the cap and remove the stem. Take out the small screw at the top, and with- draw the handle and cap. Then, with a flat-iron for an anvil, ham- mer the screw flat on two opposite EXPAND BY sides. This will a expand the screw { \ sneswitn 80 that the two \ AHAMMER UNnhammered : sides will hold the Dent throw thet oki internal tha a ae manner Be careful not to hit the screw too hard, or it will not fit in-place. A spigot fixed in this manner, will not need to be bridled down with a cord, and it will serve the purpose until a plumber comes around. SPIGOT SCRCW Treat Your Fingers to the Pail with a Trick Handle HIS pail is different from all other pails in that the handle always remains verti- cal and ready (PX HANDLE to be grasped ff \ ALWAYS by the work- VERTICAL man. Although the handle au- }j\| ° Ul WEIGHT tematically ONCACH goes back to its SIDE vertical _posi- tion, it may be pushed down The handle of this out of the way acter ge . ph while the pail is being filled or emptied. The handle is simple to make. An

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the June, 1920 United Sta Bicycles Are Like Autos When It Comes To Tires MAGINE a high-priced, high- class car with shoddy, weak- bodied tires. It would be out of the running in a_ hurry, wouldn’t it? The better the car the more careful the owner is about the tires. The makers of U. S. Bicycle Tires have at stake the same U. S. Tire reputation that car owners and truck owners rely upon. All the resources, men and equipment of the United . States Rubber Company, oldest and largest in the world, stand back of your U. S. Bicycle Tire investment. Nine different styles, both clincher and single tube. Choose the tread that suits you best. If you want to know about the rubber that goes into U. S. Bicycle Tires, write for a copy of the graphically illustrated and fascinatingly written book, “Rubber—A Wonder Story.” Address U.S. Rubber Company, Bicycle Tire Division, New York. ve Bicycle’’ tes Tires United States Rubber Company 115

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LT UINKGST EN) BATTERIES MAZDA BULBS

dollars. in all! This latest Eveready of the 104 cash prizes. and study the picture. think the letter says. in cash.

. ’ i 1h Baer ee fon

Three Thousand Dollars For Somebody. YOU? HREE thousand dollars in cash for one person; a thou- sand dollars for another; five hundred for «ach of three other people and ninety-nine other cash prizes from two hundred to ten Ten thousand dollars How much for YOU? Daylo Contest will break all contest rec- ords. Anyone may enter—it costs nothing; there is no obligation of any kind. Men, women, boys and girls all have equal chances for any On June Ist, Daylo dealers throughout the United States and Canada will display the new Daylo Contest Picture in their windows. Go to the store of a Daylo dealer Secure a contest blank, which the dealer will give you, and write on it what you Use 12 words orless. For the bestanswer word. that conforms to the contest rules, the winner will receive $3,000.00 Get an early look at the picture. Submit as many answers as you wish. Contest blanks are free at all Daylo dealers. All answers must be mailed before mid- night, August Ist, 1920. <" his is the sign that identifies dealers showir the Lveready “Daylo 70000 Contest “Picture. look for this —— ama windows~ <j another 9’ EVEREADY --' 2 he contest! ss ‘10000“In Cash Prizes

SSSSanwmw 3 3 each Total $10,000.

104 Prizes -

Answers will be judged by the editors of “LIFE” and con- testants must abide by their judgment. If two or more con- testants submit the identical answer se- lected by the agg 2 for any prize, the full amount of the prize will be paid to each. Contest begins ha 1, 1920, and ends Mid- night, August 1, 1920. Postmarks on letters will determine if letter was mailed before close of contest. Answers must con- tain not more than 12 words. Hyphenated words count as one

Complete Contest Rules are printed on Contest Blank, ‘Ask Daylo dealers for them.

Metal Workers This Means Money to You The New Metal Worker Pattern Book—The most com- plete book on metal pattern work published, It con- tains 259 problems, 544 pages, size 10x13 inches. No one in the sheet metal trade can afford to be without this book. The major portion is taken up with “‘ Pattern Problems,” and is divided into four parts. The first part has to do with parallel forms r miter cutting, and also many problems for the c-rnice maker and those who make pipe work. In the second section, on regular tapering forms, there is a diversified number of problems dealing with such objects as funnels, i¢ Scoops, tapering elbows, roof flanges and so on. In the third section the science of triangulation is thoroughly nded, for within the category of irregular forms wiil be found more objects made of sheet metal than are grouped in the other two classes—paralle! or tapering forms combined. In this section on the developing of the pat- terns by gulation so many kinds of articles are treated that a complete mastery is assured to those who diligently apply themselves to its study. The solution of every problem that is likely to come up in practice is given. The fourth section gives the trade the benefit of the short cut methods developed by experts during the years. This one section with its new problems on the develop- ment of such modern work as automobile bodies, hoods, fenders, mud guards, etc.; marquees, grain chutes. dust separators, conveyors, duct work, furnace fittings, for flag poles, boxes, blower connections, range canopies, hoppers, spouts, etc., is well w rth the price of the book to those who have the former editions, Price, postpaid, $7.50. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 225 West 39th Street, New York City

Past few

THE 1920 Motor Annual of the — Popular Science Monthly This big book accurately pic- tures and describes more than 400 new devices and accessories and contains scores of practical ideas for the Owner, Manufac- turer, Dealer and Mechanic. Everyone interested in auto- mobiles will want this big Motor Annual. The 1920 edition is- limited to 100,000 copies. Order now if you wish to make sure of getting a copy. Price, postpaid, 35 cents Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New York 116

offset or bend should be placed near the bottom of each end of the handle where it passes through a slotted Ppro- jection on the pail-sides at the top. A Popular Science M onthly

Jt

small weight should be hung from the | bottom of each end of the handle. As shown in the illustration, both weights form an integral part of the handle and cause it to move auto matically to its vertical position. Before the Flood: First Aid for the Leaky Water-Pipe tke illustration shows a way in which a temporary repair can be made for a small leak in a water-pipe. The method depends greatly upon the position of the rupture and its accessibility. Provide yourself with a wooden wedge and a lever of stout wood

Why wait for the plumber when you have a leaky water-pipe? Make your own repair with wooden blocks about 2 ft. long. Cover the leak with a strip of roofing-paper, placing cement or tar between it and the pipe. Then over the roofing-paper set a block of wood, with a curve in one face to fit the curve of the pipe. Now, place the lever on the pipe, and strap it down against a second block- ing, as shown. This will keep the opposite end of the lever several inches away from the pipe. Driving the wedge between the lever and the pipe applies great pressure to the other end of the lever, and the patch is thus forced over the leak. Make Runners for the Top of Your Harrow HEN the rigid type of spike- tooth harrow is being moved from barn to field, or from one field to another, a wagon or stone boat

is usually employed. The accompany- — ing illustration shows such a harrow 4 BOLTS ~——a_ spixesA |

If you will attach runners to the top of your harrow, you need oniy reverse it to haul it away equipped with strap-iron runners which ~ ee O53! on esa ap 8st eliminate the necessity for having a separate vehicle to move it. The runners are simple to make and Two- or three-in. — strap-iron, bent to the shape shown © and bolted to the harrow frame, © easy to attach.

serves the purpose.

semi hig

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June, 1920 Truck and Tractor bus- iness, in a few years, has be- come the world’s greatest industry. In amount of capital invested, in number of men employed, in volume of business it exceeds any other industry. Manufacturers tell us it is still in its infancy. The opportunities for Trained Men inthis industry are almost beyond belief; future opportunities will be even greater. Prepare yourself to take advantage of these opportunities by learning every phase of the Automobile, Truck and Tractor business as taught by the old reliable Michigan State Auto School, Detroit. Earn $100 to $400 Monthly Factories, Garages and Service Stations his well-paid, pleasant work. Whether you are everywhere are calling for Trained Men in young or have reached more mature years, our ever increasing numbers. Hundreds of our students courses will fit you to command the opportunities are in business for themselves making $5,000 to $10,000 you desire. To the man with grit and the de- and more yearly. There are thousands of valuable locations termination to get ahead, the future is without for Garages and Service Stations everywhere—the field is limit. Michigan State Auto Training will hel unlimited. you to success in any branch of the Auto, Truc No matter what you have done or what you are doing now, youcan/earn and Tractor business. Auto Factories Endorse School Courses Thorough and Complete the completeness of our equipment are gash etek sensi Aen, Teck sup Trates commence began well known in the Auto Industry. The big- cone cently Fy naman 1 ap A gry Prantl haga colby ritectringy 1 est factories in the country heartily endorse our motors of all types in our block test department. Our course in Auto Elec- Course. In fact, many of the leading Auto trics is very thorough—graduates have no trouble locating any electrical Manufacturers assisted in outlining our Course trouble quickly and easily. Students get complete, thorough and practical and they five our students the fullest co-opera- knowledge of Motors, Starting, Lighting, and Ignition Systems, Carburetion, tine possi ‘ e, factories are Peng oe Lubrication, Transmission, Differentials, etc. As a part of the regular vo By us for graduates because they know Course, students are given complete and thorough training in the care, repair and operation of Farm Tractors. Brazing and Welding and Tire the type of men weturn out. Everywhere in the Ranoantae Industry. M.S. A. S. graduates Repairing are taught in separate Courses. Either of these Courses may be taken separately but if taken with the are given the sreprence because ours is the regular Automobile Course, make factory endorsed school. avaluable addition to the equipment of any student. To men who want to sell Autos, Trucks and Tractors, this training gives an exceptional advan- tage for they know just how to judge the value of old machines they are asked to take in trade on new machines. They know these ma- chines as no average salesman can know them. School is open all year—you can start any day. Not 2 One-Man School This school isfounded on the best, newest and most practical principles in the Auto, Truck and Tractor business. Our Course is built with the closest and most liberal co-operation from Manufacturers, Garages, Service Stations and Owners. It is not one Man's ideas, but the combined ideas of f the biggest and most successful men in each field. rain Head and Hand T ing for 4 on a Detroit, mith mote than 120 : uto an ccessory factories, is HUDSON MOTORYCAR COMPANY the logical place to learn the Auto OCTROIT, mICH.U.SA. and Tractor business. 79% of all inten ‘Sn th automobiles manufactured are e county. dn Zact we made in Michigan,—71% are made in Detroit alone. Can you think of a better place than the Auto Center in which to learn this business of big opportunities? the most effici If you, | intend . ote eee DETROIT IN SUMMER ering for 8 couree, In addition to being the heart of the Automobile Indus- try, Detroit in summer is the center of some of the finest PLIG oo pleasure spots in America. Detroit has 38 parks, the finest of pry eg Belle ..* poms po in the sooaey River, : said to be one of the most beautiful spots in America. Motor Car Comrany Here you find boating, bathing and a score of other amuse- Dertrorr. Micw..U.S.A. ments within a few minutes boat or trolley ride of the heart of the city. Then there are daily boat trips up and down the Detroit River, through Lake St. Clair,—across Lake Erie to Toledo, Cleveland, Buffalo and Niagara Falls; trips to Sugar Island and to Put-In-Bay where you may explore the caves in which Commander Perry hid his men from the British Fleet in the War of 1812. During the summer months many pleasant evenings may be spent e © Hupmobile wee PR nes oy SSS ay alae i; THIS MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE we guarantee to qualify you for a tion as cha ly, or refund your provided enjoying the cooling breezes from the deck of a boat as it glides through the moonlit waters. Already the Michigan State Auto School has arranged for three of these boat trips for this summer. These are free to students and their friends. At all times throughout the year Detroit is the logical place to learn the Auto and Tractor business, but the summer attractions in and around Detroit make June, July, August and September ideal months in which to get this training and at the same time enjoy Detroit. Big 176-Page Catalog Send the coupon today for the 176-page Catalog and copy of latest ‘‘ Auto School News” both absolutely FREE. They tell about Courses—show more than a hundred pictures of equipment—give letters from big Auto Fac- tories and Graduates. M.S. A Courses are as reason- able in price as they are chateneh in their training. Those who have jumped on a train and come to Detroit to in- vestigate our school, have found the Courses so satisfactory and so reasonably priced that they have remained to get the M. S. A. S. Training. Our Money-Back guespehee protects you. If you can ’t come, get the catalog. Resolve to learn the business in le Heart of the Auto Indusiry. Use the coupon NOW. SEND THIS COUPON TODAY MICHIGAN STATE AUTO SCHOOL 586 Aute Bidg., 687-89-91 Weedward Ave., DETROIT, MICH. GENTLEMEN: Please send me, absolutely FREE New 176-page Illustrated Catalog, “Auto School News,” and information as checked below. Auto and Tractor Course Tire Repairing Brazing and Welding (Mark each course you are interested in) or, better still, you can expect me about Memeaiaie STATE AuTO SCHOOL ‘Most Progressive Auto Schoolin America"— ‘In the Heart of the Auto Industry” 586 Auto Building 687-89-91 Woodward AS. Detroit. Mich., U.S.A.

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{28S MERA EON TT SENS PE EE SNE SI OE salecani-ienta nin ke paielbing. Fokus eae ‘el nal simintt cans olvlipal, lsipiaaaaastaeie Pee Oe “and from there we went to Japan Talk about adventures ! Men in the Navy come home with the kind of experiences that most chaps read of only in the books. Here’s your chance! Uncle Sam has, as you know, a big Navy and gives red- blooded young fellows like you @f opportunity to step aboard and “shove off”’. What will you get out of it? Just this: A chance to rub elbows with foreign folks in strange parts of the world. The chance for good honest work on shipboard—the kind of work that teaches you something real; the kind of work that puts beef on your shoulders and hair on your chest. You will get 30 care-free vaca- tion days a year, not counting shore leave in home or foreign ports. You will have the kind of com- radeship in travel that sailors know. You will have regular pay, over and above your meals, lodg- ing and your first uniform outfit —good stuff all of it. You can join for two years. When you get through you'll be physically and mentally “tuned up” for the rest of your life. You'll be ready through and through for SUCCESS. There’s a Recruiting Station right near you. If you don’t know where it is, your Post- master will be glad to tell you. Te any Father and Mother :— In the Navy your boy’s food, health, work and play, and moral welfare are looked after by responsible experts. Shove off !-Join the U.S.Navy The Real Estate Educator By F.M. Payne. Contains The Federal Farm Loan System, How to Appraise Pro»erty, How ‘0 Advertise Estate, The System of Registratio:, Available U. S. Lands for Homesteads, The A B C’s of Realty, Mechanic's Lien, Workmen's Compensation Act, Income Tax Law, Em- — Liability Act, Statute of Frauds. How to Sell Real How to aasame a ng Pubi c ane. - Write Fire Insurance, and o:her use information. pages, cloth. Price posip vid, $1.59. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 225 West 39th Street, - - - - New York RUNS ON KEROSENE ALCOHOL OR GAS ANYWHERE Grand ae nay bo Yah Mae of t Tremarkabie non-electric fans. office needs for one . This fan is ideal for the sick. It is a proved success, quiet and conv any- van, almost ho cost without on tricity, ngs or season. Three BE — COOL | | Are You Interested in Electricity? ee By L. P. Dickinson. 220 cloth. 1918 Edition. Price, $1.35. The many and varied pur for which electricity is every young man of today orking knowledge of ite * ~ Cages See oe the wi ow of its ciples, an vi e author has made an easy attainme.t of this knowledge It is valuable for the amateur or practical electrician. It gives in easily understood language everything one should know about galva ometers, batteries, magnets, induction coils, motors, volt-meters, dynamos, storage batteries, sim- ple and practical telephones, instruments, rheostats, condensers, electrophorus, ce, electro- plating, electric toy-~aking, etc. Handy Vest-Pocket Electri-al Dictionary. By Wm. L. Tan, E. Cloth, red edges, $0.35; leatherette, red nm comprehensive manner. come volumes of claerisal ancrainpation, chick Soomaty lumes enc are ble in public or private libraries, and which, by reason of their pon mensi: rendered = ie o' aids to the average electrician in tee dally Taw profession. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 225 West 39th Street, - - - - New York 11s Popular Scvence Monthly A Tire-Opener Gives the Motorist a Third Hand HEN changing tires it is often desirable to hold the shoe open or to spread it so that it may be in- spected or repaired. As a person has only two hands, this operation is often awkward and difficult to manage. A tire-s preader like the one shown in the sketch, will help matters. Have a blacksmith make the spreader out of round 3-16 in. iron rod. The spreader part should : me \ spreaner 2 ‘IRON ROD TIRE The opener is inserted lengthwise; then given a twist, which opens the be just long casing for inspection enough to open the shoe without straining it. The handle should be turned at right angles to the spreader to make the operation easier. Smooth off all rough projections with fine emery-paper: If possible, have the rod galvanized to prevent its rusting.—R. LAWRENCE. To Make a Screw Hold in Plaster N easy and cheap anchor for a screw is a small piece of soft wood about the size of a pencil. Cut this piece of wood down to form a pin so that its diameter will be a little larger than the screw to be used. The pin length must be a little shorter than the length of the screw, as shown in Fig. 1. Split the pin down the middle (Fig. 2) and file a groove on one half, deep at one end and diminishing into a mere scratch at the other (Fig. 3). File a FIG! FiG.2 Metal screws will mutilate a plaster wall if inserted in the ordinary way- A wooden plug will hold them firm without damage to the wall similar tapering groove on the other half. Make a hole in the wall, take the wood pin, apply a little glue to its end, and hammer it into the wall so that the large groove will be facing you. Now take a screw and insert it into the end of the pin and screw it into the peg in the ordinary way (Fig. 4). As the screw advances into the wooden peg and reaches the shallow groove, it will spread the base of the plug and form 4 tight wedge in the wall.—_M. TocaBEN. i June, It Growi ~ ‘ RO G i for incl E. Ashl devised ing for “jamb « Thei pig-pen ecantlir 100 lbs. are the The success potato- edges Int yar¢ pot: her¢ botto: one s places space the g: edge the ¢ Care them least both two one supp of si ferti start end, 1 ft. the

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June, 1920 Growing Potatoes in a Pen Saves Garden Space ) ROWING Irish potatoes in a pen ) is the city dweller’s latest device ' for increasing his food supply. W. ; E. Ashley, of Greensboro, N. C., has devised a method capable of produc- ing forty bushels of ‘‘spuds” in the “jamb of a fence” within two months. The invention somewhat resembles a } pig-pen. Two hundred feet of 2 by 4 scantling, 4 bundles of wheat-straw, 100 lbs. of fertilizer, and 4 tons of soil are the necessary materials. The arrangement determines the success or failure of the practical potato-pen. The end-pieces of both edges are gained, except the two

| What is Happiness? yard soil is at a premium. Growing potatoes in a pen sounds funny, but here’s the way to do it and get results we than anything—it is health, the

bottom sills. These are shaved on heritage of nature. Strong men and one side only, the rough edges being women can smile at the trials of life, for placed on the ground. e margin oO . ann heb a Nie ae ae they have the strength and stamina to es eolen cas weather reverses and win to success. The side-pieces are gained on one sige: . ‘ edge only, 8 ft. between the insides of It is impossible to estimate how much the the gains; all gains are 14 in. deep. ; : ° Care shoud be exercised not to hew bicycle has contributed to the happiness of them too deep, as there should be at America. It is the “Open Sesame’’ to a last 3 in. Satnanie. She eeawee-<e world of healthful delights. It is the magic "On a Sek denoieeinn Ses oles tonic that has built the foundations of | two end-pieces that are gained on health and character for millions. Itisthe - one edge only. Two side-pieces are : : : wr taint cud Mane see ee _ oe nage of exhilarating exercise. of soil; to which is added 15 Ibs. of ousands of men and women ride bi- fertilizer. Then the first row of seed is cycles for convenience, pleasure, health started 6 in. from the inside of one an d econom end, placing the other seed in this row y- 1 ft. apart. . . P a The second row is started from To own a bicycle is the one big desire in | the same: ai See AOE. me Sat the heart of every girl and boy. It means i in. from the inside. By planting . | the retae fede ai Tilt ancl a aaa the most perfect of all happiness to them. | 12 in. apart, the hills are staggered like B h 5 d bh | &§ a checkerboard—45 seed in each bed. . € happy—ride a Dicycie. 1 j On this bed is scattered 6 in. of wheat- if ‘ straw, which is wet down thoroughly. See yvour dealer today. } Next, a set of scantlings is placed all around and filled in with 6 in. of soil. : It is fertilized as was the first bed. The CYCLE TRADES OF AMERICA, Inc. i planting is started in the first row 12 95 Maevvew Bircie New York. U.S 4 f in. from the same end as the initial . accu .

layer so as to provide as much growing space as possible in the pen. Set in good soil, well fertilized and kept moist, the potatoes will mature in two months. As to the labor required to put up a pen, a good worker can easily do it ina day and a half. The average business man could complete a pen in two days. en i aaa

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i ER aR ps aor NS 8 I EB — | eter ee Soren Home Study Business Courses Do you want an important, high- salaried position? You:can have one if you can do the work. LaSalle experts will show you how, guide you step by step to success and help solve your personal business problems. Our plan enables you to train during spare hours without interference with your present duties. Give us your name and address and mark with an “X” below the kind of position you want to fill. _We will mail catalog and fuli particulars regarding our low cost monthly payment plan. Also our valuable book for ambitious men, “Ten Years’ Promotion In One.” Tear out and mail this advertisement today. No obliga- tion to you. Let us prove to you how this step has helped thousands of ambitious men to real success. 7 HIGHER ACCOUNTANCY: Training for positions as Auditors, Comp- trollers, Certified Public Accountants, Cost Accountants, etc. O BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION: Training for Official, Managerial, Sales and Executive Positions. Oo TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT — FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC: Training for positions as Railroad and Indusirial Traffic Managers, etc. LAW: O Training for Bar; LL.B. Degree. & COMMERCIAL LAW: Reading, Reference and Consultation Service for Business Men. Oo PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY: Training for Production Managers, Depart- ment Heads, and all those desiring training in the 48 factors of efficiency. Oo BUSINES LETTER WRITING: Training for positions as Correspondents, Mail Sales Directors, and all executive letter- writing positions. Oo BANKING AND FINANCE: Training for executive positions in Banks and Financial Institutions. ‘a BUSINESS ENGLISH: Training for Business Correspondents and Copy Writers. oO COMMERCIAL SPANISH: Training for positions as Foreign Corre- spondent with Spanish-speaking countries. Oo EXPERT BOOKKEEPING: Training for position of Head Bookkeeper. ‘| EFFECTIVE PUBLIC SPEAKING: Training in the art of forceful, effective speech for Ministers, Salesmen, Fraternal Leaders, Politicians, Clubmen, etc. 5S. Cc. ae A. COACHING FOR ADVANCED S: Prepares for State Board ei see ie Examinations. LaSalle Extension University The Largest Business Pr Institation in the World -683-R Chicago, Illinois ee | “Serre ee ee eee eee eee eee [Address] Popular Science M onthly An Easily Made Vise Attachment By R. H. Casper N the accompanying illustrations is shown an attachment whereby a number of pieces of varying thickness may be held in a vise simultaneously and each with the same pressure. This is a decided time-saver, expecially on planer or shaper work when a number of pieces are to be planed to the same height. A pressure on any PLUNGER SPRING END CAM J ,LOWER CAM ‘ADJUSTING SCREW aie N LN N a WW Bh ." allgageg. ian Nm De , a AON | NON an poss cog Roanon™ PLATE SCREW HOLES , ,PLUNGER HOLE o ° } ° ° ° . O88 0 ° ° ° °o ° ° BACK VIEW OF OUTSIDE CASE WITH BACK PLATE REMOVED FIG.1 By turning the adjusting-screws in or out, you can adapt the plungers to practically any combination of surfaces one plunger causes the other three to move out; a pressure on two plungers causes the other two to move out; and so on. As each plunger depends upon its neighbor for its pressure, it is evident that the pressure on all will be equal. The back plate is held on by counter- sunk screws which are not shown in the illustration. In order to increase the capacity of the attachment, adjusting-screws are placed on each end. By turning these screws in or out, as needed, the plungers will adapt themselves to practically any combination of sur- faces within the capacity of the at- tachment. (Fig. 1.) In Fig. 2, which shows the attach- ment in operation, the adjusting- screws have been somewhat with- drawn. The springs return the plung- ers to the neutral position as soon as the pressure is released. The de- tails of the internal mechanism also are shown in this figure. If the ends of the plungers are fitted with ball-jointed feet, curved surfaces, or surfaces not parallel with the vise - jaws, may readily be held. The construction of such an attach- ment is not as difficult as it may at first appear. The outside case shown in the illustration was made from a block of cast-iron. It was first drilled _at each end with a drill equal in diam- eter to the thickness of the cams. The holes thus made were given a depth equal to the height of the end cam. The metal between the two holes was then removed with an end- mill on a milling-machine. 120 The home worker, not having qa milling-machine at his disposal, must proceed in a slightly different manner, Instead of only two holes, it is neceg- sary for him to drill a series of holes, all on the center-line of the block, and so spaced that each hole will break into the adjoining one. These holes must be drilled all the way through the block. The metal which is left between the drill holes is then chipped out, and the slot, thus produced, is smoothed with a file. This method necessitates fastening a plate to the front of the attachment. The plate is the same as the back plate, except that it is drilled for the plungers, Since all the pressure is against the back plate, which is supported by the vise-jaw when in operation, there is no danger of the front plates being forced off. The sliding cams are made by cut- ting rectangular pieces of steel, of the required thickness, and filing off their corners to the required angle. An angle of 120° as shown in Fig. 2, will give the best results. If the four upper cams, or the three lower cams, are clamped together in the vise while being filed, they will all be brought to the same dimensions. The end cams are made in the same manner, except that the ends are rounded. This rounding permits them to be withdrawn to the extreme ends of the slot. - VISE JAW ie Z The 4, WZ 56S OL i J UPPER = LOWER CAM }reunces ; cAM END CAM FIG.2 Here are shown the details of the inter- nal mechanism. The construction of this apparatus is not difficult or costly If a lathe is at hand, the plungers may be made by turning two of them from one bar and then cutting them apart. As the shape of the plunger head is immaterial, ordinary hexagon- head cap-screws may be used for plungers by reducing the heads and filing them flat on top. A generous supply of thick grease should be inserted into the case be — fore attaching the back plate, with all parts well oiled.

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June, 1920 How to Make a Lathe- Milling Attachment HERE are many milling attach- ments for small lathes, but most of them require sliding ways which must be milled or planed and require accurate fitting, often beyond the capabilities of the amateur equipped only with a small screw-cutting lathe. Here is a milling attachment of very simple construction to be used where the work must all be performed on the lathe and bench. It is to be bolted to the tool slide of the lathe, and the work to be milled is attached to it, the cutters being rotated in the lathe-chuck or other holder. Longitudinal and transverse feed is given the work by the tool slide, while the vertical adjustment is made by a slide that moves up and down on a vertical column, this being cylindrical, instead of having V- or Teach Them To Say “Hires: IRES is good for all ages—at all times. Every one of the sixteen Hires ingre- The side cemries sn adjesting sinew as dients is a product of Nature from the Fig. 2 is a front view Pigt woods and fields, collected from all parts of flat slides, in order to allow of its h l d construction on the lathe. the world, The face of the slide is circular, turned a mnaatily aad snteaitio on Nothing goes into Hires but the pure health- an angle-plate on the lathe-face plate. 2 ‘ A, SA hale hs Be end eee in ful juices of roots, barks, herbs, berries — and - ye ee to 9 ‘ angle pure cane sugar. The quality of Hires is main- plate (as shown In Fg. or to take a ° ° ° . inthoaiaeie caauu Gaui ae. da tained in spite of tremendously increased cost | Fig. 5). Ordinary work, such as of ingredients. Yet you pay no more for plates or'shafting, is best held by one . . clamp or a pair of small clamps (Fig.7). Hires the a eletaaeasare than you do f artificial A clamp is made in two sizes, and is imitation. provided with a counter-sunk hole in the base to hold a machine-screw for 66 ° > + holding it down. A series of holes But be _— — say “Hires” to get Hires. may be drilled and tapped around the At fountains, or in bottles, at your dealers. | ¢ surface of the milling fixture slide, ? : i ; to hold the clamps in any desired Keep a case at home and always have Hires i position; a pair of them will hold a . . . SF shaft or bar very firmly. Cylindrical on ice as first aid to parched palates. | a work is held in a lathe-chuck screwed | eo to the adaptor (Fig. 5), while some | THE CHARLES E. HIRES COMPANY, PHILADELPHIA | : ; work is best held by an angle-plate, 2 which can be bought and drilled for the bolt, cast from a pattern and @- , file-finished, or even built up of two : steel plates. The upright is a steel or cast-iron column cored out or drilled for a long bolt to clamp it to the tool slide. A 2 cast-iron cap fits over the top, andis | Hirescontainsjuices of 16 roots, barks, herbs and berries. held in place by a short key and the ] nut on top. It is provided with a 121

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aepent Per SO A. TOE i er Ser 2 ae ihe aI Se ee eT Te ee ce em Ree a Fas nes ISHERMEN SAY the Harley-Davidson with chummy sidecar is just “‘made-to-order”’ for fishing trips. It is not only speedy, comfortable, cheap to run, wonderfully sturdy —but it will take you to lakes and streams which the main roads don’t reach — hidden waters where fish are plentiful and fishermen scarce. Paths are high- ways to.the Harley-Davidson ! Forty to sixty miles on a gallon of gasoline, with other running costs low in proportion—and speed to spare! Ask Your Dealer About His Easy Payment Plan HARLEY-DAVIDSON MoTor Co. MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN Hiarlew=- Daw idiSeEa a, 0s Champion” DRIVER AGENTS WANTED Siacers price direct to you | This $12 Cf&cer Shoe | Hand sewed. $ 89 First Grade. The factory bp price direct to you at only The retail price of this shoe is $12.00. It is made of the best waterproof mahogany calf leather. Guaranteed to give the best wear, If these ." oes are not just as we say, sen! them back. You don't lose a cent. If you are sending money order or check do not include postage. Pay only $6.8) for shoes. We pay postage. State size. These shoes are built to be good for work and dress at the same time. U.S. National Army Shoe Co. Dept. P. M. 795, Westfield, Mass. OFFICERS SHOE Sih PRES ESOT aig This Car This nifty little car . driven by ic $ motor. can built furnished by us and fi are very SYPHE? MFG. CO., 174 Syaher Bidg., Tele, Obie. AN EASY WAY TO MAKE MONEY -::: on, © ome salary. Be independent. Go in rs J gens OF poanen. ne men Sate i made cy the Gest — Pah needed. Jobs "Sots plentifal’ B Eve Ra ry spotecist a pos- sible customer. No experience We teach you. anek Repair. Outfit ..., priced canizi outfits. can use it. It’s the only vulcanizer that has Automatic Heat Control, and can’t undereure or overcure a tire. Requires no watching or regulating. **How to Open a Tire a oe pa al p. It tells bow to make Don’t delay. Write quick. C. A. SHALER CO. 2165 Fourta St. | Waupun, Wisconsin 122 Fopular Science MonthlY boss for the adjusting screw and handle. The long keyway may be made by first drilling a series of shallow holes and then setting the column between lathe centers, and with the lathe tool over on its side in the tool-post, shaping the keyway by running the tool-post back and forth by hand. Fig. 4 shows two methods of fitting the key in the slide. The best way is to use a long hoclred key, but this necessitates filing and chipping a keyway the whole length of the slide. An easier way would be to chip a short keyway, fit a key of the same length, and hold this in place by a machine- screw, as shown. After boring out, the slide is slit with a hacksaw and the clamping boit fitted. The adjusting screw may be tapped directly into the slide casting, but it would be better to bore a hole larger than the screw, drive in a bronze or gun-metal bushing, tap this to fit the screw, and hold it in place by THe © -ANGLL: PLATE Figs. 3, 4,5, 6, and 7 show how the parts wi!l appear when finished. No part of the work is difficult means of a set-screw, as in Figs. 1 and 3. Any kind of a handle can be used on the end of the adjusting screw; the type shown in Fig. 1 is easily made and not in the way.—H. H. PARKER. You Can’t Have Eggs and Mites at the Same Time OULTRY men and farmers some- times overlook a very important fact: that even the best of feed, plentiful and well-balanced, will not induce hens to lay eggs if they are compelled to roost in houses infested with mites. These little red insects sap the vi- tality of the hen by sucking her blood. Hens have been killed, virtually eaten alive, by mites. Chickens cannot. lay except when their vitality is main- tained. Vitality and mites cannot exist in the same hen-roost. At the first sign of warm weather guard against mites by giving all wood- work inside the poultry-house a coat of hot whitewash, well carbolized. The roosts and their supports should be painted all over with carbolineum, zenoleum, carboline, or kresol. These are all similar products, called by dif- ferent names by different manufac- turers. They are cresol or tar-oil disin- fectants, and are death to mites, while in no way injurious to the chickens.

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June, 1920 Make a Support for Spark- Plug Wires N some cars the wires or cables leading from the distributor to the spark-plugs are left dangling loosely, so that they come in contact with the engine and other parts and become chafed until a short-circuit or ground occurs. Besides, they drag on the plug clips and look decidedly untidy. Make a support or bracket for these cables from a piece of hard fiber not less than 18 in. thick. with holes for the cables just large. enough for the cables to fit tightly and without slipping. Round off the edges of the holes to avoid cutting. If the wires. are long and heavy, make the holes a little larger, and wind a couple of turns of tape around each Oil-soaked wires are wire where pound to short-circuit. it passes Why not prevent them through. Riv- from getting into the et the fiber to grease, in this manner? an L-shaped bracket of sheet-iron or brass, and drill a hole for a cylinder- head screw or any other screw or bolt that is in a convenient place for the purpose. This arrangement makes a sur- prising difference in the life of the cables, as well as in the appearance of the power plant. An Alligator Wrench You Can Make at Home HE accompanying illustration shows an alligator wrench that is much more efficient than the regular type. The advantage lies in. having the handle vir- tually form a continuation of the smooth side of the jaws. Therefore the notched side of the jaws draws directly toward the main part This new style home- f th a made alligator wrench Of the nut in- affords a tight grip on stead of away theboltorpipe,anddoes from it, and not mutilate the metal great pressure makes it grip tighter, instead of mutilating the corners of the nut and then slipping off, as the old-style wrench does. The average mechanic will not find this wrench hard to make. The one illustrated was made from pieces of spring-steel about 5% in. in diameter, and from 12 to 15 in. long, flattened out until about 1% in. thick. The notches can be made best by first cutting them the desired depth (about Yin.) with a hack-saw, and then fin- ishing them with a three-cornered file. This notched part is then bent around to the proper shape, and the wrench tempered, in oil.—M. L. Dopson. "Dts ta” of men on farms everywhere are doing the same. Many are getting more than this. Some are openin auto game too? - Thousands o garages of their own. Why don’t you get into the men without any mechanical ability have doubled their earnings after. getting into the fascinating field of auto construction and repairing. Ten times the number of men now engaged in the business are needed. Fine, big paying jobs are waiting for men who ‘‘know” to fill them, Read below and. find.out-how you can fit yourself to hold one of these big, man’s size jobs in your spare time, without going away from home at a cost of only 7ca day. Learn at Home No need to pay for an ex- pensive course that will take you away from home. You can learn the auto game ata cost of one-tenth the expense of going away to school. You don’t have to serve an apprenticeship either. Use spare time only and keep right on with your present work. Th ‘is ae of A= Engineeri and racto: Fe ye will make an expert out of you and fit you for the i manent kind of job. It is six thick umes, with 2600 pages and 2300 pictures, plans, diagrams and blueprints, etc. Every part of every well-knowncar isexplained. They teach youevery- thing the best auto schools teach. Only 7c -a Day It will only cost you 7 cents a day to own these great money-making books that fifteen great auto and tractor engineers prepared for men just like you. You don't have to know a thing about cars to understand them. Every page is written in plain, everyday language and they begin right at the beginning. With every set we give FREE a_ consulting membership in our society. You can write our engineers any time and get their help on any proposition on which you get stuck. Mail the coupon for free examination. Don’t send any money. We will ship amina ion! er aoe (all 6 volumes) by express t and you can have a whole week to use them as if they were your own. Give them every test you can fink. of. Take them to your shop. Show them to your friends and ship them back at our expense if you don’t want to keep them. If you do keep the books to help you earn more, send us only $2.80. You can send the balance of $24.80 price the same way— $2.00 each month. Coy 7c a day. This is your chance to double your earnings—earn two dollars in the same time it takes to get one now. The coupon is your start. Everything About Autos Automobile Motors; Welding; Motor Construction and Repair; Carbure- tors and Settings; Valves; Cooling; MAIL Lubrication; y-Wheels; Clute COUPON Transmission; Final Drive; Steering; TODAY Frames; Tires; Vulcanizing; Ignition; Starting and Lighting Systems; Shop Kinks; Commercial Garage esign and Equip’ ment; Electrics; Storage Batteries; Cone atid Repair of Motor- pa ng Commercial Trucks; Gasoline BI rints of Electric 128 “Wiring Diagrams TrrTrritt. Teter AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY Dept. A-20a, CHICAGO, U. 8. A- ; ving a ee oe ee ees B xa charges get y Boag oo I will send .80 within 7 1 ye, gad balance a Hey BFE Ry ut i i rte age gRe teil i@) a iad Z hip t along without the books, I will notify you after § ys to send for them at your Bank 1 ~gee Bm ¥ 5 ee ade | SF z i 4 Please Fill Out All Lines Leememece seen seuaweses ou

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(Bargains in Army Goods Grder direct from this advertisement and get our Special Low Price! Qu Morey 2icy. uere”” We Pay Transportation Charges. Order Today! F) m199— Boys Scout ShelterTents. { pong cmd Iter

in in France. Just the thing for hunters, camp- ers, hiking trips --- Waterproof. Complete with " 1K100-— Turo-Camp Tents Olive Dra’ rmy _—_ a Almost good as new Comes in »~ two sections But toned together mak- > ing tent 7x12 with 21-3 tt. sidewalls Half postion = above $28 auto Complete wi es as shown in the ve ee Le wg delivered . - $2 8.00 K101--One section complete with poles. price delivered $14 K104— Glive BrabArmy Duck Wall Tents. Almost at as new Splen- id bargains, made in four sizes with 2 ft-6 inch walls, (write about other sizes)7-ftx7-ft. KincreeS 1 5290 90—-U.8.Pyremidel Tent, Khaki color. Size 16 ft. sq; 4 WN a jendid condition, Won: JA AWN derful for ee camp- \. ing. summer use. Complete “. with poles and stakes. OMacored oe $42.75

Kis6—Steei Trench Helmet. Direct from France, Fine souvenirof {109S—Army Canteen. the world war. Fine Canvas covered with straps for fiower baskets, jar- Used, but watertight. or deniers, ete. priceg ze, hunting, fishing, outingtrips. delivered . « K203—Army Courier Bag. Made of heavy quality leather Used in France by runners and motorcyclists in carrying mes- sages to the front and head- quarters.For bank messengers, boy ae, collectors, hunters, etc., e price delivered . $2 95S _ Army Mess Kit. Made ofalumi- num. yb t fitting cover m bination frying pan and plate. Just the thing for boy scouts, campers, and hunters, etc.

K225—Miner Tents. V ery popular with campers, hunt- ers, —— tourists others. Made army shelter tents. Sine? ft.x7 ft. x 6 ft. high in foe Complete stakes, —= a poles $9. 65

oe —U.S.Army | | eeches K16512—ArmyHav- Regulation K274—U.S.Saber arn dey gue Scabbard. Sieg re" Dab anus wor up’ ne souvenir 0: ness FS eent ae Brogleie hme quality steel, for hunters, tourists = cross-country walkers orice S525 cis price delivered . 95c K137 -— Olive Srablionkets --Reclaimed 4 Fy finest “4 8 Ss. $ 5 - wricedelivered .« + «+ Ss.75 K134—Cartridge Belt. 5 Made of strong khaki web- ct bing. A convenience for every 4 hunter and camper. ets for shells, on etc. orice delivered . . @ K157—Gas Mask. Used by American troops in vertu sector. Bisptt tic of _ ae war ple orice delivered’. . $1.42 Write for Catalogue of Other Bargains. CARNIE - GOUDIE MFG. CO. Dept. kK.

Kansas City, Mo.

from an Old Gas-Engine ‘|A Pneumatic Punch Made | N a garage where it was necessary to cut many washers from leather, | fiber, and rubber, an old stationary gas-engine was made into an efficient punch that saved much time and annoyance. The engine was of the _ horizontal, water-cooled type, of 144 horsepower. This was stripped of its fly-wheels, water-jacket, cams, and other mechan- ism, leaving only the cylinder and base- block. The piston was removed and new rings put in place to seat well. The connecting-rod was then removed and a 4 in. steel rod made with the necessary connections to take its place. | Across the bed and 6 in. from the open | end of the cylinder, a 2-in. hardwood | PUNCH PUNCH STEEL ROD AIR INLET“ BLOCK CHUCK pid “ae Se. A SE ! u $ ; ! usesatiens a | es: | J ae cegecubas “an ae i ee | PISTON ¢ BEARING CYLINDER

mere 8 T= ENGINE BED a TYPES OF PUNCHES USED Every garage has an old engine lying about. Why not turn it into a pneumatic punch? block was then fastened with strap- irons bolted to the sides of the engine- bed, to hold it solid, and the center of this was bored to take the steel shaft or rod making the second bearing. The rear end of the rod was threaded to take an ordinary drill-chuck, which _ later took the various punches. Power for the punching was derived from the air-supply tank. To provide for the air connections, the hole over the intake valve was threaded to take a small length of gas-pipe and a reduc- tion nipple, which was then provided with a small tire valve. The other valve was permanently sealed with solder. A 2-in. block of wood was held in line with the drill-chuck by running two bolts through holes in the engine- bed and slipping the block in front of it. Special punches were turned out for this chuck, running from 4 and in. solid to 2 and 3 in. hollow for the va- rious kinds of work to be done. The diagram shows some of the forms. To operate this punch it was neces- sary only to insert the right punch in the chuck, apply the air hose to the tire valve, with the fiber in place (the core being out), and let the punch press out the hole desired. Removal ot the air line from the inlet released the air and the punch was then easily pushed back for another. This was found very satisfactory in work where there was much cutting to do, all of the same sized holes. To facilitate the returning of the punch to its original position after cutting out the hole in the material, a

coil-spring was later slipped over the 124

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ts WIRELESS .ELEPHONES AND HOW TO MAKE An elemental book on the principles, construc- tion and use of an are system of wireless telephony. Price, 25 cents postpaid. Book Department, Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New Yoix City

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Page 103

June, 1920 steel rod between the wood block and the piston. With air pressure at 100 lbs. it was easy to secure a pressure of 600 and 800 Ibs. on the punch, which, with the cutting edges in any respectable shape, was more than sufficient to cut through old tire casings and leather, and, in the case of the smaller solid punches, actu- ally to cut through sheet iron and steel. For this smaller work, however, it was found advisable to provide the bed-block with a sheet of iron, with holes to correspond with the sizes of punches used, and to act as the station- ary cutting edge—DALE R. VAN HORN. A Metal Holder Used as a Tool-Box CERTAIN mechanic uses a tool- box of his own construction which has considerable merit. The box is very much like a butter- fly-hunter’s specimen-box, but is built LID STRAP RP ang o* t ‘ Though it looks like a specimen-box, it is really a mechanic’s tool-carrying outfit to stand rough usage. Heavy sheet metal is used in the construction. Four projecting ribs, two at the ends and two in the center, act as a rein- forcement. The lid swings on a hinge, and is provided with a hasp for locking purposes. A leather. strap, running through guides at each end, forms the handle.—J. M. KANE. Keep the Distributor Clean and Dry XCESSIVE oiling of the magneto can do nearly as much harm as insufficient lubrication. One thing it does is to cause the surplus oil to be thrown into the distributor, where it works much mischief. It gets between the brush and the contacts and either insulates them from each other en- tirely, causing missing, or it causes arching. Arching burns the oil and forms soot, which interferes with the good working of the machine, and it also produces heat, which disintegrates the carbon brush and causes it to crumble. All magneto manufacturers make their distributors so that they may be removed easily and wiped clean with a dry, clean cloth. One type of machine, for instance, has its distributor held on by three little clips, retained by three thumb nuts. These may be loosened by hand, the clips turned aside and the distributor cover comes off in the hand. Other magnetos have three screws to Sep naueme qT ‘Washing “Machine for ONLY 500 Who ever heard of a modern labor-sav- ing device for such a price! You expect to pay around $100.00—yet here is a machine GUARANTEED, not only to wash whiter and cleaner, but to do it easier and quicker than any complex device you have ever seen—yet only $5.00 An old proverb says ; “The simplest things are the best’ —and the Percolo is the simplest device ever! Steaming hot suds continually circulate up the funnel as in a percolator, out the holes, down thru the clothes, up, out and $9 rids washing of drudgery forever PSrsoro down again and again — cleansi whitening and sterilizing. Positiv y cannot injure any fabric that endures boiling—even the most delicate. The Percolo converts your wash boiler into a most efficient laundry device. Requires no knowledge of machinery, no fussing. Just put in water, soa and clothes and forget it for the ‘half hour or so, in which it. does its job. No gears, cogs or parts to get out of order or to wear out. Nothing to oil, nothing to think of what- ever. Saves money, labor, clothes, health, space Ste mming Water Washer Give it the hardest tests you know of tains—you will find it the most Sane reasy, grimy clothes to soiled but delicate cur- , the easiest, the most economical washer ever At the end of 30 days’ trial, we will wo your money (anywhere in U.S.A.) and ny charges both ways, if you are not 100% convin siastic and amazed at such efficiency and such economy—for only $5.00. ced—but you will be delighted, ent t free ae connetts folder at once—better yet, order your Percolo today, prepaid, on our “Money 30-day trial offer. ERIE METAL PRODUCTS Co. Department 32 ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA Do you want to SELL the Percolo? Write for terms WORN THE WORLD OVER For more than forty years Boston Garter has been a friend to men the world over. WALTALTATAT> It not only keeps the old friends but makes Many, many new ones each season. Most men ask for Boston Garter as a matter of course—the two words go so well together. __ (ee brane’ Compan, Makers, ) Boston

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Employers everywhere are looking for skilled draftsmen. They are offering good salaries to start with splendid chance for advancement. Drafting offers exceptional opportu- nities to a young man because drafting itself not only commands good pay, but it is the first step toward success in Mechanical or Structural Engineering or Architecture. And drafting is just the kind of work a boy likes to do. There ic an easy delightful way in which you can learn right at home in spare time. For 28 years the Inter- national Correspondence Schools have been giving boys just the training they need for success in Drafting and more than 200 other subjects. Thousands of boys have stepped into good positions through I. C. S. help, but never were opportunities so great as now. Let the I. C. S. help you. Choose the work you like best in the coupon, then mark and mail it. This doesn’t obligate you in the least and will bring you information that may start you on a successful career. This is your chance. Don’t let it slip by. Mark and mail this coupon now. — — << === TEAR OUT HERE Sum see see oe ees INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS BOX 7680, SCRANTON, PA. Expiain, without obli ~y bn how I can quaity Ser the

ELECTRIOAL ENGINEER SALESMANSHIP Blectrte iting and Rys. id eet oe iG iow Trimmer ga iter MEONANIOAL ENGINEER Railroad Trainman Mechanica! Drafteman ILLUSTRATING oar see Shop Practice Soseeaing imaker ESS MANAGEMERT Gas Engine Dpestas Private Secretary j ying and Mapping eonaptghar ta MINE FOREMANerENG'R [[)Cert Pub. Acccuc STATIONARY ENGINEER TRAFFIC MANAGER Marine Engineer Accountant Ship Draftsman Commercial Law ARCHITECT GOOD ENGLISH | Oeutractor and Railder Teacher Arehitectural Drafteman Common Scheol Subjects Concrete Builder CIVIL SERVICE PLUMBING AND HEATING surombetin os —y ge |: =! ereeer or Supt. tion ONEMIST AGRIOULTURE [Brescee Mathematics Poultry Raising §{_)Italian Name. Present Occupation Street and No. City. State. Canadians may send this coupon to 7-26-19 International Correspondence Schools, Montreal, Canada

retain the cover. Some have a central revolving brush and stationary con- tacts in the cover and others a revolv- ing contact and individua! stationary brushes in the cover. The brushes in either case are attached to small springs which may be slipped in or out. Balance Your Armatures and Eliminate Noise F the armature of a motor is not balanced, it probably will cause noise when running at normal speed. In order to insure balance, the arma-

| ARMATURE

BALANCING STAND LEVELING STAND An unbalanced armature in a motor makes it noisy. A stand will enable it to balance ture must be removed from the ma- chine and placed on a balancing-stand or on level knife-edge bars to ascertain which is the heavy side. The accom- panying illustration shows the proced- ure. If the armature is balanced properly, it will show no uniformity in the power at which it stops after being rotated by hand; but if it is not in balance, it will invariably stop in the same position on the balancing rig, with the heavy side downward. A counterbalancing weight should then be hung on the light side, and thereupon, after slight filing, a very accurate balance will result. Before attempting to make a permanent correction ascertain by trial just how much weight should be added or removed.—PETER CLUTE. Utilizing the Hollow Handles of a Die-Stock N threading pipe some form of lubri- cant is necessary to avoid ruining the dies, and it is the usual practice to carry along an oil-can, either in the tool-box or tied ‘to the die-stocks. Often when out on the job, one will find that the oil-can } 1s been forgotten or perhaps lost. in this case the mechanic will have either to cut the threads dry, or damage the dies, or else to put up with the delay of obtain- ing the lubricant at a nearby store. Very often, indeed, this happens when the job is “ten miles from nowhere,” and nothing in the way of grease or oil is obtainable. Under such circum- stances it would be very convenient merely to unscrew one of the handles from the die-stock, and slip out a con- tainer filled with cup-grease or oil. This suggestion of utilizing the hollow 126

ya aiyi)| ma’ kitchon 3

ls

Z Ge Oliver Oil-Gas Burner or honting Stove & ons ene a ales and than coal

SAVES NO. sof users, In use 10 years. 16 different models. one oon oer= Write for free literature—tells how two t kerosene equals more than ninety-seven pounds of coal. Oliver 2007 Pins Se maenng oo Western Shipmeats From San Francisco.

Your Chance to Make Big Profits in Vulcanizing Here is your chance to get into a hly profitable busi- ness which will make you in- dependent. High class vul- canizers are in demand every- where. Many of our graduates make $3,000 a year and over.

steam vulcanizer and Ander- son retreader and teach you the famous Anderson Method of Vulcanizing. Our students make good because they can do superior work with the Anderson machine and method and do it at one-tenth the cost required by all other vul- canizers. Highly satisfied customers and large profits means a paying business. Not only are we able to convince you of this but we invite you to compare the Anderson make and method with others. We have installed Anderson schools of vulcanizing in 30 states for teaching the Anderson method of vulcanizing. The course requires 5 to 10 days and costs $20. If you buy an Anderson vulcanizer we return your $20 and pay you Our reputation is valuable. pect Anderson vul- canizers to do work which will outlast the rest of the tire. We expect Anderson students to succeed in a business way. Their success is our success. Therefore we do not sell an Anderson vulcanizer to anyone who has not recetv.d our course of instructions. Don’t miss this opportunity. Write today for full par- ticulars and address of Anderson school nearest“to you ANDERSON STEAM VULCANIZER CO. 13 Williams Bidg., Indianapolis, Ind , U. 8. A. Print your name to avoid mistakes

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Make Money — Be an AUCTIONEER Missouri Auction School, largest Auction School in the world. Four weeks course fits you to make big money. Col, A. W.Cies, Chillicothe, Mo., made $1000 one day;Col. E. Walters,Skedee, Okla., made $1746 one day. If you want $50 to$100 a day write today for free 67-page annual and read the stories of successes made our graduates. |. Simply send name--let us tell you how to bea Suecessful and i ‘

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Page 105

June, 1920 handles of the stocks to carry an emergency ration of lubricant in a tubular container will be found very practical. The outer ends of the handles | can be plugged up with a piece of soft wood. This should be driven from the threaded end through the length of handle, and pressed tightly against the turned-in edges of the outer end, which will prevent the plug from slipping out, even if it shrinks. The hollow handles also provide a ready means of carrying such articles as spare hack-saw blades, candle, matches, etc., which, when wanted, are badly wanted.—J..A. WEAVER. Use a Simple Air-Blast for Your Power-Saw HE illustration shows a device used by one carpenter in his shop to keep his work free from shavings and sawdust. A small motor drives a fan inserted in one end of a 4-in. gal- vanized iron tube, which tapers to a spout and is connected to a -in. rubber air-line, the other end of which is secured at the point above the bench most effective for directing the air- stream on to the work. A 2 by 6-in. piece was cut 3 ft. long, and the motor, % h. p., was mounted to one end. The tube, which contains the fan and acts as a cushion by con- gle MA An air-blast on your power-saw will keep the sawdust and shavings away from your work and, inci- dentally, away from your eyes too taining its length of air under slight pressure, was made of galvanized iron, 4in. in diameter. Strap-irons hold the tube to the 2-in. support at a point where the 4-in. fan on the motor fitted within the tube without binding. The tube was 30 in. long. To the other end of the tube, a small tin funnel was soldered, and the length of air-line was then slipped over the end and brought to the point of use. The outlet end of the air-line can be arranged to the best advantage. If it is to be used with a power-saw, it can be so wired that it will keep the pencil line free from dust. The air-pressure produced by the electric motor will be no more than % lb., but it will be sufficient, and the expense is practic- ally nothing.—DALE VAN HORN. and tests before it leaves the factory asa OTTOW COASTER BRAKE When the brake is completed, as a final test forits braking power,heavy weights are attach- ed to the hub which is then revolved at a tre. mendous speed. Suddenly, while the hub is revolving at this high speed, the brake is applied. A MOR- ROW which meets all requirements—and it is seldom that one doesn’t — will bring those speeding weights to a quick, sure halt. To do this a MORROW must be as strong and stur- dy as it is possible to build it. Then, too, it has the advantage of embodying the correct principle of braking —even distribution of braking power over practically the entire inner surace of the hub, SI Every MORROW Coaster Brake must meet the requirements of 95 separate inspections 7 Reagons orruyw 1 jer surface 6 3-10 8q. in—much larger than other brakes, 2 ‘Drum’ expansion forced equally by two wedges at each end, insuring even braking distribution over entire inner bub surface, 3 Bronze brakeshoes being softer than hard steelinner surface, grip smooth- ly, firmly surely, 4 For forward pedaling, the Morrow responds instantly and positively. 5 More ball-bearingsthan other brakes, so coasts more easily. 6 The Morrow is strong and sturdy; it will stand hard wear, 7 Ninety-fiveinspections,followed by final test guaranteeing perfect service, “Ride a Bicycle”’ ECLIPSE MACHINE COMPANY ELMIRA, NEW YORK & Dollars in Hares We pay $7.00to$1 8.50 and upa pair and express charges. Big Profits. We furnish guaranteed high grade stock and buy all you raise. Use backyard, barn, cellar, attic. Con- tractand Illustrated Catalog Free. WHITING-ADAMS HAIR BRUSH A family requisite. Beautiful desi finished.

Page 106

— wa a cary one pee esta A TIO REAL epg Pate

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will train you to be successful in the ~ Auto, Truck Tractor and Aviation Business in 6 to 8 Weeks Earn $150 to $400 a Month I have Four Big Build- ings, Twice More Floor Space and Twice More Equipment used in drily training practice than in any other auto school in America.

My school is recognized by manu- facturers as the greatest and best automotive training school. I have letters from such factories as Packard, Hudson, Chalmers, Max- well, King, Hupmobile and others endorsing my school. All the big Auto Companies need Rahe trained men. I trained thousands of soldiers as motor mechanics for U. S. Gov- ernment in 60 days’ time. ane Anto& ‘School Worlds Oldest and Greatest

mt in the country. Plenty of room for individual traini Master Mechanic Instructors. Ee Any man 16 years and older can fit himself in my school. No previous experience eeded. No tools or extras to buy. You earn big money from the day you graduate. Al- ways more calls for Rahe i than we can supply. Trained Men

oupon below and send’at once for on yan 68-page Cai and proof of <\\ 9D graduates’ success. , = mEMRY J. RAHE, < 2887 ae aa? Kansas City, Mo. j why Rahe Methed is best—sent BS TRC SACRO IRR E KE Dt | Oe Occupation... 0... .........s.csaee oom OE ONS A SO A A a ee col

HE inconvenient construction of an ordinary wooden pantograph led the writer to remodel it as displayed | in the illustrations. The marking point and stylus were screwed to the under side of arms B _and D. Being hard to shift for reduc- ing a drawing, they were removed and fitted upon pencil-holding devices FIGS A D Ya" Ye ee fe © @ nG2 . . | . O};O e, | ie) e) Oo Fig. 1 shows the ends of the arms as they were originally; Fig. 2 - shows the new series of holes in them which made the pencil and stylus quickly interchangeable and adjust- able for height as well. | Two 32-caliber cartridge shells | (long), two inches of the brass frame of an old alarm-clock works, an old gas- globe holder, four small screws, and two 4 in. pieces of tubing to slip over the cartridges were all the materials required. Fig. 1 shows the ends of the arms as they were originally. | Fig. 2 shows the new series of holes inline. The small hole in A is a shift- ing of the hole upward, so that the fastening screw will line up centrally with the holes in BCD. These holes were carefully bored and trimmed so _ that the pencil-holding devices would fit correctly. Fig. 3 shows how the end of each | shell was bored out, leaving the rim | intact; it also shows the hole in the | side for the entrance of the point of the tightening screw. Fig. 4 shows the metal plate, made from the section of the alarm-clock

32 CAL. CARTRIDGE METAL PLATE

Figs. 3 to 6 show how the holder was made and fitted imto the hole in the pantograph’s arms frame, soldered to each shell. This _plate is bored for the insertion of | screws. | Fig. 5 shows the plate soldered to | the cartridge. | Fig. 6 illustrates the holder fitted | into the hole in the pantograph arm | and screwed fast. An Improvement on the Artist’s Pantograph By James M. Kane

Popular Science M onthly Arms B and D are each fitted with one of these holders. The holder in arm B also acts as a pivot for arm C. In this it performs the function of the screw that originally held arms B and D. To hold the pencil and stylus. securely, as well as to permit adjust- ment for height, short metal collars fitted with tightening screws were slipped over each holder. The old globe-holder furnished the screws and nuts, while the two \ in. sections of tubing provided the collars. The only difficult part of the whole operation is soldering the small nuts on the collars. This is the way to do it. First cut off the section of the globe- holder that holds the nuts and screws and file the nuts bright. Then bore a hole, in line, through each side of the collar (A, Fig. 8). Now run the screw through the collar and attach the nut securely to it (B, Fig. 8). After soldering the nut, remove the screw and replace it as in C, Fig. 8. Fig. 9 shows in perspective the arms fitted with the improvement. Fig. 10 is a cross-section of arms and 2 Ee) GA Lp ee, GEEZ a tsa 7 —

Figs. 8 to 10 show how the pencil and stylus may be interchanged holder. It also shows a thin washer that may -be placed between the bottom of the collar and the upper | surface of arm C. | Into the ends of arms B and D small ’ nuts taken from globe-holders may be». \ glued to serve as sockets for the recep-. b | tion of an extension handle. “eg 4 Keep Your Eye on the Auto- mobile Generator —_» HE brushes are a part ¥f% generator that demand the m care. They should be examined to see

pete PT

that they are in perfect contactwith the commutator, and that they do not stick in the brush-holders. One of the mdst usual causes of imperfect contact between the brush and the commuta- tor is insufficient spring tension. The commutator must be kept clean, ns as any dust or grease on the segments ag will collect carbon dust and produce . short circuits.

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June, 1920 An Easy Way to Put Wire- Cloth on Screen Doors HE screen door, which contrib- utes so much to the comfort of the human race, has one drawback, the rusting of the wire cloth. New material must be put on to replace the old, and this is a very disagreeable task. To do the job in double-quick time the writer has devised the simple plan illustrated, which proves to be much more efficient than the usual method of stretching wire-cloth on screen doors. The old way of doing this work was to tack one side down first and then to pull the opposite one as tightly as Here is the way to make a one-man job of putting wire-cloth on screen doors possible with one hand; the other hand was used to stick a tack in the wood and hammer it down. Of course, if the workman has another member of the family do the tacking while he tightens the cloth, a much neater job can be done. The new method requires the work of only one person, and it enables that one person to do a neater job than two could turn out under the old plan. The illustration shows clearly the wedges and tightening pieces which are needed. They consist simply of a piece of wood the length of the door, with flat pieces nailed or screwed at right angles to the tightening-bar. __ Lay the door flat on the floor and tack one edge of the wire cloth to the top of it. Then tack the other end of the cloth to the second section, adjust- ing the wedges in such a manner that they will have some space to drive in and stretch the cloth.. Drive in the wedges until the cloth lies smooth, then tack it down, cutting off any sur- plus cloth with a pair of scissors. As the door is put over the right-angled ‘pieces, the weight of it prevents the wedges from flying out when tension is exerted on the cloth. Do not have too much tension put on the cloth when it is fastened down, for when it begins to rust in one part, it will break under ex- pansion and contraction. Since most people take the doors off when cold weather approaches, it will be found that in time the hinge-screw holes will become so worn that the screws will AT THE START,W.L.DOUGLAS W WAS BUYER, CUTTER, SALES- W MAN AND FREQUENTLY HIS \Q OWN EXPRESSMAN AS WELL. OLDS BROCKTON RESIDENTS TELL OF N OFT Bos LEATHER UNDER HIS ARM EN SEEING HIM COMING FROM ‘% TON CARRYING A ROLL OF W. L. Douglas shoes are sold in 107 of our own stores direct from factory All middlemen’s profits are eliminated. $9.00 and $10.00 shoes are absolutely the best shoe values for the money W. L. Douglas name and the retail price stamped on the bottom guarantees the best shoes in style, comfort and service that can to the wearer. in this country. be produced for the price. Smping the price on every pair of shoes as a protection against high prices and unreasonable profits is only one example of the constant endeavor of W. L. Douglas to protect his custom- ers. W. L. Douglas name on shoes is his pledge that they are the best in materials, workmanship and style ~ sible to produce at the price. to every pair go the results of sixty- seven years experience in making shoes, dating back to the time when W. L. Douglas was a lad of seven, pegging shoes. —Insist w CAUTION. having W. L. Douglas shoes. onameand price is plaink iF stamped on the sole. If it has been chan tilated, BEWARE OF FRAUD. or mu FOR F por AND $4.50 ERAT HOLDS ITS SHAPE” $900 & 31022 SHOES experience in making fine shoes. The smart styles are the leaders in the fashion centers of America. They are made in a well- equipped factory at Brockton, Mass., by the highest paid, skilled shoemakers, under the directior and supervision of ex- postmen! men, all workag with an honest the price that money can buy. The retail prices are the same everywhcre. They cost no more in San Francisco than they do in New York. W. L. Douglas shoes are for sale by over 9000 shoe dealers besides our own stores. If your local dealer cannot suppl ou, take noother make. Order direct from the factory. Sen or booklet telling how to order shoes by mail, postage free. President Hilo pov err 0, BROCKTON, MASS, W.L.DOUGLAS FREQUENTLY Hf WORKED 18 TO 20 HOURS A Yf7 DAY- RETURNING TO HIS FAC- Y7 TORY MANY A NIGHT TO LAY yf OUT THE NEXT DAY'S WORK PAZ AFTER SPENDING THE DAY IN —_—~ BOSTON BUYING LEATHER SS AND SELLING SHOES BOYS’ $5.00 $5.50 W. L. Douglas | he quality of W. L. Douglas product is guaranteed by more than 40 years etermination to make the best shoes for Folding Furniture is known the world over for its neat appearance, comfort, convenience and strength. It’s the ideal Folding Furniture. “Gold Medal”—"The Cot of Many Uses” — for emergencies, porch, camp and summer home, there’s nothing better. tents compact wher folded, quickly set up. . “hi PAE RS ADS ERA NOLES SERPENT LA ABER EEL ATEN § Sold by Furniture, Hardware, Sporting Goods Dealers—and Tent - Makers — Write for complete catalog. Gold Medal Camp Furniture Mfg. Co. 1723 Packard Ave., Racine, Wis. ’ Be a Jazz Music Master Yes, you can, even if you have never touched a piano. The Niagara School of Music you to play all the = song hits perfectly ear. All you need to know is how to hum a tune. Our method only 20 lessons, which you can master in a little whilo— will enable you to transform 418 . +d one ae ~ — AG ; ‘0 our head into ac tual JAZEY music on the -*| piano. All by ear. It is Easy to Learn Many masters of Jazz and rief, entertaining * lessons and you bavea musi- i cal ability at which your friends will marvel. ou simply play by ear. Hum theTune,Playit by Ear H ular ear a new pop song hit, hum the tune, it yoareet. All by ear. Just } will make hapey, how many Bow ‘popiar yon wil ou when you JAZZ the newest song quccess of Broadway Ret hearing it. All done by ear. sa . =p nag WT GR DA} NIAGARA SCHOOL OF MUSIC, Niagara Falls. N.Y — i. ial = «MAIL THIS TODAY Se ce oee om vit Prete to Pe ploage mail to address below, your TOO ORTHO HEEH EHH EH SHH EE HEHE HES oo to oo wt ot 5 6 tos so ts RIUM Fee ete e essere tees

Page 108

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Hoist It With a Yale Chain Block ECONOMY-SPEED-SAFETY Hook a Yale Chain Block to any load. Pull one side of the hand chain and the load is eas- ily and swiftly lifted—and held safely suspended after you let go of the hand chain. It will not lower until you pull the other side of the hand chain. Wherever heavy boxes, kegs, iron, bales, machinery, logs, pipe or paper must be lifted—occasionally or constantly—there is a Yale Chain Block that will do the work safer, quicker and better. Seventeen sizes - 14 to 40 tons. “Put Your Hoisting and Conveying Problems Up To Us.” Write for your copy of the “Yale Hoists” Catalog, today Yale Chain Blocks are made by the makers of Yale locks. Like them, they bear the trade-mark “* Yale” as evidence of their superiority and origin. “Yale” on Builders’ Locks and Hardware, Padlocks, Night Latches, Door Closers, Cabinet Locks, Bank Locks, Chain Blocks, and Electric Hoists. The Yale & Towne Mfg. Company. Makers of the Yale Locks, Works and General Offices: Stamford, Conn. New York Office: 9 East 40th Street. Chicago Office: 77 East Lake Street. Canadian Yale & Towne Ltd., St.Catharines, Ont.

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“Motion Picture Electricity” will teach you in simple form how to install, operate and maintain electrical equipment for moving picture theatres and scenic effects. The book is handsomely bound with gilt edge containing 300 pages and 128 specially made illustrations, most of which are not found in any other text book. The price is only $3.00 delivery prepaid. I have been in the motion picture theatre equipment business for 12 years and my ex- = pramag is yours through my book, ‘‘Motion icture Electricity.”’ ORDER COUPON a ee oF See eee eee ee oe iii en ee ee J. H. HALLBERG, 1604 Broadway, New,York City. Dear Sir:—Send postpaid to the add ieen e ress below your 300 page “Moti Pict “ tricity,” price $3.00, e a I enclose Sorcccocccccesesocccevecscccccces Peececes Name... PSOE SOCOOOOOOEEOD OOOO EEO S OEE eeeeseceess RABIN oa cccccccccccccvscccsescocceres

fail to hold the hinges tight, thus allowing the door to sag. The remedy in this case is to use thicker or longer screws, or to stop the holes with hard- wood plugs and fastening-hinges in the hardwood. Either plan will make a satisfactory job.—W. S. STANDIFORD. How to Tie the Invisible Armature Knot FTER the armature of a motor has been rewound, and the leads have been soldered to the commutator, a wrapping consisting of a single layer of heavy twine is wound around the leads to hold them firmly in place. The action of the centrifugal force would otherwise tend to tear them loose when the motor’s armature is rotating at high speed. The wrapping serves also as a protective covering for the leads. Incidentally it gives the winding a finished appearance when it is neatly applied. The appearance and ability to ‘stay put’? depend upon the knot used to tie the ends of the twine. The so-called invisible knot has the qualities desirable for this purpose and is one of the little tricks of the trade used by all experienced armature- winders. The method of tying the knot is de- picted in the accompanying illustra- tion. For the sake of clearness, the ob- -jJect upon which the wrapping is applied is shown merely as a piece of round rod, instead of the armature leads. The start is shown in Fig. 1. One end of the twine is doubled and laid along the length of the rod for a distance a little greater than the width

a i tan 1 teint ii

Vv FIG! FIG 2 FIG.3 STARTING READY TO PULL WRAPPING - WRAPPING END UNDER COMPLETED Illustrating exactly how the ends of the invisible armature knot are cut off of the intended wrapping, in order to form the loop. Then, while the loop is held in place, the ball of twine is given several turns about the rod, a moder- ate tension being kept on it so that the first few turns will grip the portion of the loop over which they cross suffi- ciently tight to prevent its slipping. The wrapping is then continued until it covers the part intended. The twine is now cut, leaving a liberal end which is threaded through the loop and held taut with one hand, while the other end is pulled until the junction of the two loops thus formed is in-about the center of the wrapping. Both the extending ends may now be cut off close to the end turns. Of course, an ‘armature wrapping is given the usual several heavy coats of shellac which further improve its strength and ap- pearance.—-JOHN A. WEAVER. 130

Popular Science Monthly | Earned $220 MONTHS TH IS is : Richard A. Oldham. Heearned $2200.00 in four months with a Hay- wood Tire Repairing outfit. For 20 years he was telegraph operator on the Illinois Central Railway. He isnow58 years old. He answered my advertisement—quit his job—bought a plant and opened _a busi- ness. He just wrote me “I have made more in eight months than 2) years as operator.” There are now 500 stations where tire ree pairing is neglected. I Must Have 500 Men To Fill These Positions I have a Big interesting Book to send you, It tells all about tires—gives inside nd for it! are doing You can do, $1,000.00 per year is conservative, will ; Th wes start you. en open a shop. You can see business allaround you. Pat @¥ out a Haywood Sign and business will ee come to you. Now get started. Sendfor & the Big Book and start making money. M. HAYWOOD, Pres. Haywood Tire & Equipment Co, 1275 Capitol Ave. Indianapolis, ind. Learn to be a good shot at home. No disturbance even in the house when your rifle is equipped with a MAXIM LENCER Pho oon. -22 cal., $6.00. nd 6c in stamps for catalogue and booklet of humorous stories of noiseless shooting. The Maxim Silencer Co. 91 Homestead Ave., Hartford,Conn.

Fis Enjoy the thrill and excitement which bait-casting angling gives, by casting for ’em with the South Bend Reel which entirely elim- inates back-lashes, snarls and tangles. Our book “‘The Days of Real Sport” tells tried and proven casting methods. Shows complete South Bend Tackle line. A postal brings it FREE. SOUTH BEND BAIT CO. 14590 High St., Seuth Bend, Ind.

— —————— — EF TRIAL ) «aye 4 catalog and spe- fre NGER small advance over our Special Factory-to-Rider cash prices. Youcannotafford to buy without ‘a getting our latest propositions | and Factory-to-Rider prices. : ee re and make big ropes | ing orders bicycles and supplies. Zib- eral terms on a sample to in- troducethe new “‘RANGER”’. Teen commemant Soneees and n

Ranger Electric , everything in thebicycleline at Lighted ae ic . Write today. Motorbike D wae a

June, An |] I’ ve wide howe ing, mid¢ on t light a Tot

Ss C 8 an as eth st eb

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June, 1920 An Indirect-Lighting System for Your Own Home N southern California electricity is very cheap, and, consequently, it is widely used. A great many people, however, are contented with the glar- ing, unshaded light hanging in the middle of the room. This is very hard on the eyes and, moreover, does not light the room properly. The illustration shows one corner of a room in which a homemade, indirect- Reflectors placed’ over your glar- - ing electric lights will soothe your tired eyes and rest your nerves lighting system is installed. The reflectors are ordinary washbasins costing 15 cents each. They were given several coats of white paint and finished with an enamel that. dried with a gloss. Four lights were placed in the room, spaced symmetrically, so that an even illumination was secured. The reflectors were hung with ordinary iron chain purchased at a hardware store. The brass canopy to which the chains are attached was bought from an electrical supply house. The chains and basins were so arranged that the basins can be detached in a few seconds and dusted out, since it is very necessary to keep the reflectors and bulbs free from dust and dirt if one is to get good light. The ceiling should be painted white to get the best results.—N. O. MOORE. Don’t Throw Away Your Old Window-Shades ‘ANY house-furnishing store sales- men will tell you that Holland shades are unobtainable. That is not quite true, but it is a fact that linen shades are scarce and very high in price. Any housewife should hesitate to throw away old linen shades even when they have become. wrinkled, faded, and thin. The trouble with the old shades is that the filler has dropped out of the linen. This can be remedied “DON’T SHOUT” weightless ¥ Anyone can adjust it." Over one hundred thousand sold. Write for booklet and testimonials Every Electrical Appliance Instantly Usefull.> yn Provide at least one connec- tion in every room from which you can have light and heat, or power at the same time. The is the electrical device that screws into any electric light socket and gives you two services where there was only one before. Millions are in use, doubling the convenience of electricity in hundreds of thousands of homes. “Every Wired Home Needs Three or More’’ AT YOUR DEALER’S $s Ser 950 Made only by BENJAMIN ELECTRIC MFG. CO. Chicago New York San Francisco You can still further increase the conve- nience of your appliances if you have the cord equipped with a Benjamin 903 Swivel Attachment Plug. It screws into the socket without twisting the cord. The Benjamin No. 2452 Shadc Holder enables you to use any shade qwith your Tavo-Way Plug. ‘ Pe ee The Quality Plug “Lighting Fixtures” ighting Fixtures Ready to hang. Direct from manufacturers. Completely wired including glass- ware. Send for new No. 18 catalogue. ERIE FIXTURE SUPPLY CO. Desk A, Erie, Pa. “T hear you. Ican hear now as wellasanybody. ‘How?’ With THE MORLEY PHONE. I'vea pair in my ears now, but they are invisible. I would not know I had them in, myself, only that I hear all right. The Morley Phone for the is to the ears what lasses are to the eyes. Nvisible, comfortable, and ha: — P oe = =— “Reo” Cluster Metal Shingles, V-Crimp, Corru- putes Standing Seam, Painted or Galvanized Roof- n , Sidings, at Rock-Bottom Factory allboard, Paints, etc., direct to you ces. Positively groskest offer ever made. Edwards “Reo” Metal Shingles cost less; “ies three ordinary roofs. No painti Tis -coe Fae St, Cincinnati, 0. uaranteed rot, fire, rust, lightning proof. Free Roofing Book Get our wonderfully low prices and free samples. We sell direct you and save you all in-between dealer’s Book Rio 608 stahi /y THERE Samples & ‘Roofing Book | THE MORLEY CO., Dept. 797, 26 South 15th Street, Philadelphia Tl —*éSMYG Car i 2s ii LS iy ‘tit aie 500% AGENT PROFIT Gold and Silver Sign Letters For store fronts, office windows and glass signs of all kinds. No experience necessary. Anyone can put them onand make money right from the start. $40.% to $100.% a Week! You can sell to nearby trade or travel all over the country. There is a big deman: for window lettering in every town. Send for free samples and particulars. Liberal Offer to General Agents. METALLIC LETTER CO. 433A Worth Clark Street, CHICAGO, ILL

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T the air, or a derful things. It‘carries all the most any old SIRAMAC Fos IRIE REIN C! 7 In Canada: brough Yell 4 iwith an cAutoWheel then bos bheeece oc oo Auto-Wheel Coaster 9 or the 1 Auto-Wheel Convertible Roadster and see all the sights. See Old Faithful Geyser shooting a column of steaming hot ow | 126 feet in The Auto-Wheel Coaster or Convertible Roadster is a mighty 5” | dependable helper on such tramps. a 1,000 pound load is carried with- out effort. Roller-bearings make the Auto-Wheel pull easily over You may not be able to hike through Yellowstone but the woods *round your home will make a fine hiking ground. Try it some day. Our New Magazine for Boys } tells how fellows are making hiking trips. We’ll be glad to send it to you. We'll also send you a | Free Felt Pennant and tel B hes =a4 about the Auto- Wheel Coaster Club | 4 which you can organize, if you =| write telling us the names of three coaster dealers, mentioning which handles the wagons with the name i ** Auto-Wheel”’ on the sides. j 157 Schenck Stree : N. TONAWANDA, N. Y. pie! Se owstone other won- baggage — even Preston, Ont. f. Fae hE PEEL Rett JI Le ee buoyant Canoes ete at angered ieeocelep lon EPC ab Oe acai eect dacs Pe yee Teele a — service. 4 q } i | boat. f 3000 canoes in stock. E OLD TOWN CANOE CO. a 1996 Main St. Old Tewn, Maine, U. S. A. @ld Town Cances You can lazy-paddle an “Old Town” all day long. “Old Towns” are light, swer the slightest pres- sure of the blade. They are strong, sturdy canoes built for years of The “Sponson | Model” is safer than arow Write for catalog. that an- Send for catalog ayl ZOU 7 WANTED resentatives in Every Facto R ry Popular Science Monthly keeps abreast of the t i i ti and discoveries. Many of the new ideas come trom the skilled work: men in the fac mean money to you if POPULAR $C RRR Tae IE sa. tory. We want representatives in every factory in the country. It will you m ° { MONTHLY, 225 West 39th Street, New York at small cost and with little trouble. Buy a can of ordinary flat wall-paint and reduce it by adding twenty-five per cent of turpentine. Remove the curtains from the rollers, tack them down smoothly on a bare floor or table, and apply one coat of the paint. To eliminate brush marks go over it im- mediately with a dry stiff-bristled brush. The shades may be painted to har- monize with the room. It is possible, also, to have the outside of the shade one color and the inside another. By this treatment window-shades may be kept tooking bright and clean, and at the same time save the expense of buying new ones. A Large Hinge Serves as a Clamp for Tire Repair HE illustration shows how a large hinge can be made into a clamp convenient for use on the road, es- pecially when repairing tires. The hinge is bent to leave about 14 in. clearance between the THUMB-NUT ; two halves. sal screw 6 HINGE §=6'The holes on =® the extreme A large hinge can be ends are en- made into a clampto__larged_ slightly aid your tire repairing to take a small bolt, provided with a thumb-nut, as shown. This clamp will be found useful in mending tires, since the clamp can be applied after the patch has been put on, and a better job is thus insured. The tool can also be used as a vul- canizer. It is clamped over the patch to be vulcanized on; a small pill-box cover half-filled with gasoline is set over it, and the gasoline is allowed to burnaway. Ifthe process is carried on in a sheltered spot, free from wind, the vulcanizing job will be finished in very good shape.—DALE R. VAN Horn. A Gravity Electric Bell Made of Odds and Ends T very slight expense an electric bell with no springs or delicate adjustments to become disarranged, can be constructed of odds and ends found about the work bench. Mount an old bell or gong at the bottom of a wooden base as shown in the illustration. Then cut out a metal support, as shown in detail, and fasten it to the top edge of the base so that the large hole will project about 1 in. above the surface. The magnet is made of a soft iron bolt wound with several layers of fine magnet-wire. These layers are held in place by two wooden buttons slipped over the shank of the bolt, the flat sides facing each other. Then the magnet is bolted to the support and the nut is drawn up so that the windings, buttons and bolt-heads are held close together. 132 Popular Science Monthly . Attach this Motor us to New pleasures are open to the man who attaches a Lockwood-Ash Row Boat Engine to his row boat. It saves those long, hot, back-breaking pulls to the fishing or picnic grounds or the camp. It is simple, economcal and practical and takes but a few minutes to install. Ask for our booklet and learn about the 3 f 30-day trial plan. Lockwood-Ash Motor Company 2013 Jackson Street Jackson, Mich. (69) Bicycle Offer if Have fun and health- ful exercise with a bicycle! Own the Black Beauty, the finest bike a in the world! No waiting. Just & send for Catalog, select your model, and we'll ship at once. Pay a small deposit, then $1 a week (or $5.a month). Directto you at FACTORY PRICE. $1 A WEEK pays for the Black Beauty P The wonderful 18 Exclusive 5/1 "Beauty equipment includes Features $10 irestone Blue Non-Skid Tires; New Departure Coaster Brake; motorcycle saddle, pedals and handlebars; chrome steel ball bearings, etc. Repair Kit, Tool FREE. Bers and Stand Five yr. guarantee, and six mos. insurance on the wheel. The Black Beauty has sporty lines, marvelous steel construction, dazzling finish. Wriie today for Catalog. i Get our factory prices, Sundries Towant in the ee Tires, lamps, horns, rims, etc, Send for Free Sundries Catalog. Haverford Cycle Co. Dept. 386 Philadelphia e Print Your Own cards, circulars, labels, tags, menu Doce eRAPoE: roe 8» Larmor $25; Jol SMALL OUTLAY. Pays for ‘ — itself in short time. Will last x, Ef» for years. Easy to use, printed > &: x rules sent. Print for others, f RDS s - BIG PROFIT. Write factory EXCELSIOR TODAY for press catalog, TYPE, cards, O33 Maiden, Conn. THE PRESS CO., 0-33, Meriden, Conn. DIRECT FROM FACTORY TO YOU OUR NEW CATALOG WITH 600 OF THE ‘LATEST UP-TO-DATE DESIGNS FREE. Cc. K. GROUSE CO. 12 Bruce Ave. North Attleboro. Mass. als 5 PINS-RINGS $10.00 FOR YOU. How would you like to make $10.00a week during your spare time? Others are doing it by representing POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. Why not you? POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, 225 West 39th Street, N.Y.C. Ju

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Boats just like the real ones— they run by power in water The wonderful harbor of New York! The famous Woolworth building, 792 feet high, in the background, and in the fore- ground enormous wharves and docks and thousands of ships—busy tugs, big ferry boats, giant ocean liners and Uncle Sam’s warships. Wouldn’t you like to have a whole fleet like that? Well, you can! Ives fine steel boats—many different types and sizes— can be bought at almost all good toy stores. They go swiftly through the water driven by a screw propeller and strong, long running motor. The boats shown in the picture are Ives Boats— GET THIS BOOK Send 4c in stamps for our fine book, ‘Ships and Shipping,” which is full of illustrations and information about the American Mer- chant Marine, nautical terms, signals and rules of the sea, Ives Boats, etc. The Ives Manufacturing Corporation 191 Holland Ave., Bridgeport, Ct. &» Ives made by American workmen—the best in the world. You can have loads of fun with Ives Boats all summer long in ponds, brooks or at the seashore. There are ocean liners, freighters, tugs, yachts, destroyers and submarines that dive. All are powerful, finely painted—exact models of the real ones. You can build wharves, docks, canals and harbors, and have great sport. Send 4c in stamps for our fine book, “Ships and Shipping,” which is full of illustrations and information about the American Merchant Marine, nautical terms, signals and rules of the sea, Ives Boats, etc. Use this coupon Se CNS SRE ER EGE or SEE are ot —_— ee a oe oy . THE IVES MFG., CORPORATION i 1 191 Holland Ave., Bridgeport, Ct. i | Please send me your booklet ‘Ships and Ship- ! | ping.” I enclose 4c in stamps for postage and , packing. j i BE eho r'ne 9k aw tedee ooh nc ckiow sede { py Address ..... 00.6... eee ee ee ee eee eeees | ee eee

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nor saisanagsr cis ee es as age ba re No Other Typewriter Can Do This of. Over 365 ae styles of OF THE types and HAMMOND languages to select from. *‘ Just turn the Knob”’ to change. There are many typewriters but only one scientific ‘‘Writing Machine.” Examine the varied types of the Mul- tiplex below and you'll understand why. TWO STYLES OF TYPE, or two to five different Languages, carried on the machine’ AT ONCE. "JUST TURN THE KNOB" and change instantly WULTIPLEX HAMMOND'S sees changeable ype Tm typsoor ag change The above samples of type give but a slight idea of the versatility of one of the greatest achievements of science. There is a special Multiplex that writes all the characters for higher and lower mathe- matics, gives chemical signs and symbols. That’s why the ig the popular machine with mathematicians, astronomers, engineers, and with people in every walk of life. Mail Coupon for FREE BOOKLET **People Who Count’”’ and ‘“‘The Miracle of the Multiplex.’’ MAIL COUPON TO_ HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CoO., 639 E. 69th St., New York City oe Hawai Guitar, Ukulele, Mandolin, Cornet, Tenor Banjo or Banjo teaching cess or no charge. Complete outfit free, Write now. No obligation, SLINGERLAND SCHOOL OF MUSIC, inc., Dept. 27, CHICAGO, ILL Puss-in-Boots Songs 25c Each —10 for $1 “Wake Up! America!”’; “March to Vic- tory’’; ““‘To My Mother” “T Met a Little Elf Man Once”’; “La Marseillaise”; “The Hand of Uncie Sam” ;‘ * Barcarolle” ; M4 Kare —_ of nies “Puss-in- 469 ts travesty’ uss-in- Boots FussitBodS poses ” Copyrighted. AGENTS WANTED P. L. DIVER, 80 Walker Street, New York Arithmetic of Electricity—A practical treatise on electrical calculations of all kinds reduced to a series of rules. $1.00 Postpaid. Popular Science Monthly, 225 omg 39th St., New York. The armature consists of a piece of soft iron about 2 in. long and \% in. wide. To the back of one end is screwed a piece of stiff brass with a ver- tical leg extending up 1 in. or more, having a round hole near the top. A long brass screw is set in the under side of the opposite end of the arma- ture, and acts as the hammer. The head of this screw should touch the bell when the armature is about 1 in. below the magnet. Set two binding posts in the bottom corners of the base, and connect one MAGNET SOFT IRON ARMATURE. Shes are no springs or adjust- ments to get out of order in this homemade electric bell with bell-wire to the bell-post, and the other to one magnet terminal. The other magnet terminal must then be connected with the pivot-screw on which the armature is suspended. The action is obvious. As the cur- rent from the battery enters one bind- ing-post, it travels up to the magnet, down through the armature into the bell, and out at the opposite binding- post. This energizes the magnet which raises the armature. Then the circuit is broken, and ‘the hammer drops to the bell, ringing it, and again energizing the magnet as the circuit is again closed. This action is repeated as long as the circuit is closed. Saving Eyes and Time in Concrete-Drilling N drilling into concrete, brick, or stone with a star-drill, the ease and speed of the cutting depend entirely upon how clean the hole is kept of the dust and particles of material that gather at the bottom of it. In over- head drilling this removal of the dust is accomplished by gravity, and the point of the drill is always clear. The work can thus be done in much less time than when the hole is being drilled in such a position that the drill has to be removed after-every few strokes of the hammer, and the dust scraped out. If the hole is of a size to allow the removal of the dust with the finger or a bit of wood, it is not so bad; but when the hole is very small, or is being drilled downward, it takes more time than do two. or three overhead. If the worker uses his mouth to blow out the dust, his eyes usually suffer. A good way to remove the dust:is to blow it out with the aid of one of the 134 Popular Science Monthly This FREE Book tells how you can get cash for your property by using the Simplex Plans for selling Real Estate, which have already sold more than 5,000 properties of all kinds in the U. S. and Canada. No matter where your property is located, these successful plans will show you how to sell it yourself, without employing agents or paying commissions to any one. Don’t spend a minute's time, an ounce of effort or a cent of money trying to sell without first reading this important book, and learning how to sell your property quickly, economically and at the hétghest possible price. The reading of this book has saved property owners hundredsand thousands of a2 dollars in commissions, “Sold my house within] and it can do the same two weeks by following) for you. As the book is po Simplex Plans."—F.| cont absolutely free, you tark, Wis. ‘‘Sold for cash have eservibine to ceie in 10 days."”— W. H. Cart- d wrk t i & d land, Mass. ‘‘Sold my prop- ne notnsng to ys d as erty. Your plan quickest I your name an adc ress ever saw.""—Johnson String, | 2t Once—a postal will do N.J. “Sold my home for. —and you will receive Quick Results! cash within three weeks.’’— M. E. Lounsberry, Okla. “Sold my lots for cash.’"-— R. P. Moodie, Ottawa, Can. “Sold for cash within a few by return mail, postpaid, a copy of this important book, without cost or obli- gation. The Pienplon Co. Dep weeks.’’"—M.P. Jones, Iowa. t. 1123 Broadway. , = York IAMONDS: 8 LN | ee fork 4 ©) =) by Send for FreeCatalog There are 128 illustrated pagesof } Diamond Rings, Diamond La Val- lieres, Diamond Ear Screws, Dia- mond Scarf Pins, Diamond Studs, Watches, Wrist Watches; also our \. wonderfully showy assembled Soli- . taire Diamond Clusters, a EVERY ARTICLE IN OUR CATALOG is % specially selected and priced unusually low. hatever youselect willbe sent prepaid by us. You see and examine by articleri in your own hands. If satisfied, one-fifth of purchase price and keep it, balance ‘divic led into eight equal amounts, payable ~_ \| | Ww Diamond Rings We are offering wonderful values in Diamond ao, aes Solitaires and Clusters, a =— the popular snceENaR pian and fancy or See » 86300 150 and up. Credit terms one-fifth down, balance in eight equal amounts, payablemonthly. atal Watches ftustrates and describes all the standard i world-renowned Watches— hes—solid : gold and gold filled cases. Splen- ins in 25-year guaran- teed Watches on credit tices as ow $2.50 a Month. LIBERTY BONDS ACCEPTED OFTI The National Credit Jewelers Dept. A-87). 108 ee st. BROS&C8 SS = sroresinteapinceimes A Ars) Gory “s)) be A oe Seoeniehie. easy running, wer motorbicy le high at low cost. Chain md 90 0 fo 126 miles on a galion of line. Absolutely teed. Write at once for full information abo about ¢b the Shaw Attachment—makes your old bike a motorcycle, SHAW MFG. CO., Dept. 466 GALESBURG, KANSAS Motorhicycle FREE SERVICE TO TEACHERS 2,22tcenee Momnaur prepares and sends Free, Service Sheets each month to teachers Letus be your Liaison Office between the classroom and real life, There is no cost to you for this service. If a want to put a real ‘“Punch’’ into your classroom work write to Poputar Science Monthly, 225 W. 39th St., N. Y. June, pocke or wit is ea: squirt eithe1 ing, | be us AY Pu make the r or gé large hold pint. dens that smé punt top | part piec pur the two lar sho illus clar and get] inc] and the air- end fille I tal Th ou ge!

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June, 1920 pocket variety of bicycle tire-pumps, or with arubber syringe. Sometimes it is easier to flush it out with water squirted forcibly into the hole. For either the blowing process or the flush- ing, both tire-pump and syringe may be used. A Tin Can and a Bicycle- Pump Make a Spray-Gun N old bicycle foot-pump, a tin can, and a few odds and ends will make a very good spray-gun for use in the poultry-yard or garden. Procure a can large enough to hold at least a pint. A con- densed milk can that has two small holes punched in the top is best. Saw off the bottom part of the foot- piece on the pump, and fit the can in the | two semicircu- This time of the year lar arms, as _ insects are beginning shown in the to eat up your garden crop. Use this home- made spray-gun to ex- terminate these pests illustration; then clamp the can and arms. to- gether with a band of sheet metal. Solder a small brass tube about an inch in length to the bottom of the can, and another tube to the air outlet of the pump in such a manner that the air-blast blows directly across the top end of the lin. tube. Fit another hole with a cork to permit the can to be filled with liquid.—J. P. LEwis. Laying Out Accurate Angles by a Table of Tangents N the diagram is shown an angle of 27° 20’, laid off by making use of a table of tangents. Such a table is in- expensive and readily procured, and it finds a place, too, in every en- gineer’s handbook. ' Having consulted such a table, we see at once that the tangent for the angle in question is 0.5169. This value must be multiplied by the base of the triangle, a line the length of which is chosen arbitrarily, the longer the better. Six inches has been chosen in the present instance, and six times the tangent gives 3.10 inches, a dimension which is laid off on the perpendicular, as shown. Then the point on the perpendicular is con- nected with the other end of the base line, and the angle is formed. Ten inches would he a better base 27°10" \ 6IN. The angle of 27° 20’ was laid out by using a table of tan- gents in the manner described NCA aC marilikiemmab (aah How Columbia “I have accepted a position as draftsman, paying $2,640 a year to start. I had no previous drafting experience aside from my training with you, which has proven all that was needed for me to become a professional draftsman.’”’ — Lau- rence P. Johnston. (Mr. Johnston is making as high as $200 a month extra in his spare time, which makes his total income from Drafting over $5,000 a year.) “Several firms have offered me $40 and $45 a week to start. As I am doing nicely as draftsman up here and about to receive my second increase in salary, have decided to stay. I find there are hundreds of openings for drafts- men and if I quit where I am I could secure another position in three hours’ time. There will be a still greater demand for Drafts- men.”—Geo. Murray, Jr. “I wish to express my ap- preciation for your courteous treatment and sincere interest in the progress of my studies and for aiding me, upon completion of your course, to secure a very desirable position at $140 a month to start. I am getting on well and the chances for advancement are excellent.’"—A. L. Gash. “TI have accepted a good position with a large manufacturing con- cern in Chicago and wish to thank na for the training your school as given me.’’—Emil B. Johnson. A few of our many other ‘suc- cessful graduates are: G. Tangorra, $2,800 a year: T. R. Brown, $2,860 a year; R. Fowkes, $3.700 a year. nin kin You Can Learn Quickly By Our Practical Method © If you are a person of even average ability you can - jnaster this profitable profession in your spare ‘time at your own home through our famous “Home Study Course.” become a first class Draftsman because our training is most thorough and Practical and because you will be personally in- structed and coached by the President of the schodl, long experience as a draftsman and a teacher ay qualifies him to give you the kind o C r We teach you to make drawings just as you would in an actual Craig room, and when you finish our regular Mechanical Drafting Course you are given your choice of one of our Special Post Graduate Courses without extra cost. Draftsmen Get $35.00 to $100.00 On account of the importance of his work, the Draftsman is paid an excellent salary and is always in line for ad- Students S d vancement. Drafting is not only one of the best paying uccee Rr fessions, but is the stepping stone to bigger opportunities. (More letters on request) any men, receiving up to $40,000 a year and over in technical positions, owe their success to their knowledge of Drafting. General construction companies, manufactur- ers of machinery. locomotives and automobiles, designers of tools and special equipment, makers of aeroplanes, large engineering companies, in fact all branches of in- dustry need Draft: better salaries than ever before. ‘‘Columbia’”’ Graduates are the Kind of The proper! from the the ones who get the preferred positions and best salaries. The success of aes proves this to be true. Colum- bia Graduates are Draftsmen throughout the country and prominent con- cerns are continually offering positions to our graduates. No Previous Training Required As our students are given practical Drafting work from the begin- of our course, no previous training or draft is required to take up this work with us. you is all that is needed to secure a position as Draftsman. Drawing Outfit Furnished Students We furnish, without extra “charge, an individual drawing outfit to all our students for use throughout the cour: i property as soon as the course has been paid for. SEND THIS COUPON TODAY or write to COLUMBIA SCHOOL OF DRAFTING Roy C. Claflin, Pres. Dept. 1130, 14th & T Streets, N. W. Washington, D. C. You can, in a short time, Roy C. Claflin, whose training you need. a Week smen today.-in greater numbers and at Draftsmen that are Needed trained Draftsmen, such as th OLUMBIA SCHOOL OF DRAFT gon lling important positions as professional ing experience of any The training we give se. This becomes your own COLUMBIA SCHOOL OF DRAFTING Roy C. Claflin, President Dept. 1130, 14th & T Streets, N. W., Washington, D.C, Without obligatio i Cat es an Haass teem Some Pm mm "a DN This Rowboat Is always easy to row. ments fore and aft make it unsink- able. Steel hull can’t leak, dry out or open at the seams. Never needs calking—no boat house required. Designed by America’s foremost naval architects. world’s largest boat factory. More Always Light The Mullins steel boat cannot waterlog— it’s Air compart- STEEL BOATS CAN’T SINK Built in the than 70,000 in use. Write for catalog listing over 40 models of steel and wooden row- boats, canoes and power boats. THE MULLINS BODY CORPORATION BOAT DEPT. SALEM, OHIO

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——- +o apenas Ree taeda waa PATENTS F YOU HAVE AN INVENTION which you wish to patent you can write fully and freely to Munn & Co. for advice in regard to the best way of obtaining protection. Please send sketches or a model of your invention and a description of the device, explain- ing its operation. All communications are strictly confi- dential. Our vast practice, extending || over a period of seventy years, enables us in many cases to advise in regard to | patentability without any expense to theclient. Our Hand-Bock on Patents is sent free on request. This explains our methods, terms, etc., in regard to Patents, Trade Marks, Foreign Patents, etc. If you are a reader of SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN you are probably aware of the fact that it has a special appeal to the inventor. Each issue contains a description of a large number of recently pat- ented inventions. Pending pat- ent legislation as well as the most recent rulings of the Patent Office and the courts are considered in its columns. MUNN & CO. SOLICITORS OF PATENTS 683 Woolworth Building, New York 624 F Street, Washington, D. C. Tower Building - Chicago, IIl. Hobart Bldg., 582 Market Street, San Francisco, Calif. enn CAN YOU think of a simple, practical idea that will fill one of the many re- quests we have on file for new inven- tions? It may mean a fortune for you. Thousands of things are needed RiGut Now. Your brainscan help. Send to. day for our great new book—“‘Invene tions and Trade Marks, Their Protection and _ Exploitation’’ end learn more about making money from ideas than youever knew before. It tells many things that are wanted, t0O. A postal will do— it is free. = — ~~ our om, PATENTS the dollars out of thele ADVERTISED none others possess. MM For SALE FREE Advice free. In INVENTION And book at once, “MMA MANUFACTURING AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT. INDUSTRIES, INC. 201 Patent Dept., | WASHINGTON, D. C. Published for the man with an idea. Send for free sample copy. One year’ssub- t Bcription 50c. iH ATENTS PROCURED and TRADE-MARKS REGISTERED Twenty Years’ Experience. Instructions and Terms on request. ROBB, ROBB & HILL, Attorneys at Law Specializing in Patent and Trade-mark Practice exclusively 840 McLachien Bldg., 1336 Schofield Bidg,, Washington, D. C. Cleveland, Ohio. WANTED—A Representative in every factory in the United States. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, 225 West 39th Street, New York. | | | €1G,2 DRILLED , HOLE line than six inches, for, as every schoolboy knows, a number can be multiplied by ten simply by shifting the decimal point one place to the right. That would save us the opera- tion of multiplying by six, and would also be more accurate. The method is rapid and can be applied by any one who has had even a very limited math- ematical education.—H. C. RIDGELY. Attaching a Trunk-Handle to a Locked Trunk HE leather handle of a closely- packed trunk became broken (Fig. 1). The key was miles away, soa new handle had to be attached, and this had to be done without opening FIG1 BROKEN LEATHER HANDLE FIG.S 716.4. ve COIL WIRE Suppose your trunk-handle broke in transit and you didn’t have the key? Could you fix like this? the trunk to clinch the handle-holding screws on the inside. The leather was removed from the metal ends, and a hole drilled in each of them, as shown in Fig. 2. Then the loops of an ordinary wire handle were straightened, run through the metal ends and out of the holes, and coiled (Fig. 3). The satisfactory handle which was the result is shown in Fig. 4. How Eye-Bolts Can be Made from Large Cotter-Pins HEN small eye-bolts are needed, large-sized cotter-pins can be used to advantage as illustrated. Bore a hole in the wood where the eye-bolt would be located. Place a washer over the | hole, and force the split shank of a cotter-pin through the washer and the hole. Then clinch the ends of the cotter-pin over upon the back of the board after the eye has been forced down to the washer. Clinch each leg of the cotter-pin to the wood by tacking a staple over it. This device will stand a considerable pull and it makes a simple substitute for the eye-bolt—WINDSOR CROWELL. 136 WASHER STAPLES Here is the way to make a cotter-pin act as an eye-bolt Popular Science Monthly Before applying for a patent write for a Free Copy of our book “How to Obtain a Patent,’’ which contains valuable information and advice to inventors. It tells how to secure Patents. Send a model or sketch of your invention for our “Evidence of Conception” form and our opinion of its patentable nature—Free. Twenty years’ experiencein patent matters. Write today for your FREE BOOK. a = — : er Ee ee eee Ee ee ea ke ~~ aa = = ee | CREOLE RTP AC RRR RRR RATE L I Rae CERT Ete ae ete att PATENTS Trade Marks Send sketch or model for actual search and report. Write for Book- let of instructions on patent practice and procedure. Prompt personal service.... Geo. P Kimmel Patent Lawyer 39-6 Loan and Trust Building, Washington, D.C. ; COPPATECECL EACLE DELECEL PERCHED Eeaercederatanritee POCRIVAD Aer Aeeeaaeaenear pinseeteseeteceeetaresereeeeo PIUPEREDI EP Teaser dat hah araetaeereeree oVavpetvge COAL AC HHA APDAATU RATER TTT renee eRe eee are eae PATENT SENSE} | INVEWTORSe= SIXTH EDITION BOUND VOLUMES OF POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Each volume contains over 2000 pictures, over 1500 new articles, making a handsome big book of g60 pages. Volumes available: Vol. 88, Jan.-June, 1916; Vol. 91, July-Dec., 1917; Vol.g2, Jan.-June, 1918; Vol. 93, July-Dec., 1918; Vol. 94, Jan.-June, 1919. Price, per volume, postpaid, $2.50. Book Department, POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 225 West 39th Street, New York . ee ae one

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June, 1920 To Make a Hand-Power Milling Attachment MATEURS often find it neces- sary to cut slots or key-ways in shafting or shaft ends, slit bushings for expanding mandrels, shape square or hexagon heads on small bolts, etc.— work, that in the absence of a milling- ' a |FIG.! Figs. 1 and 2 show a method by which the cap and slide bearings may be bored | (ees machine or shaper, must be done by hacksaw, file, and chisel, with more or less unsatisfactory results. ° Here is a hand-power milling attach- ment that may be made complete on any small screw-cutting lathe. The key-way in the long upright column is cut by placing the column between centers, clamping the cutting tool on its side, and forming the keyway by running the tool-slide back and forth by hand. If shallow holes are drilled in series along the column before this operation, the process will be much easier on the lathe, as well as on the man who runs it. No special dimensions have been given, for these will depend upon the size of the lathe for which the device is built. But clearance should be given for cutters not more than 21% in. in diameter—it is impractical to use ( c a) ana * KEY-WAYS AND 1 CZ END SLOTTING ¥, STEADY REST on) FLATTING ENDS OF DRILLS. ETC. (USE TWO-GANG CUTTER) SQUARE OR HEXAGON BOLT HEADS SLITTING MANDRELS, ETC, (USE SLITTING SAW) skein: GROOVING CASTINGS HELD a | BETWEEN CENTERS | Bie Aa a ERECT a eet get SMALL TAPS OR .REAMERS GROOVING. (CUTTERS WITH SPECIALLY SHAPED EDGES) The above illustration s2ts forth ia detail the different paris necessary to make the milling attachment anything larger for this small miller. As may be seen by the diagram, the device consists of a steel or cast-iron upright column, with a separate cap held on top by the bolt that clamps the column to the tool-slide of the lathe. This cap contains the upper bearing for the cutter spindle, the lower bear- ing being a casting that slides up and down on the column, adjusted by TRADE-MARKS AND COPYRIGHTS PATENT | SPECIAL OFFE PATENT ABLE NATURE Before disclosing an invention, the inventor should write for our blank form ‘‘Evidence of Conception.’’ This should be signed and witnessed and if returned to us to- gether with model or sketch and description of the inven- tion, we will give our opinion as to its patentable nature. Our Three Books Mailed Free to Inventors HOW TO OBTAIN A PATENT Contains full instructions regarding Patents, Trade-Marks, Foreign Patents. Our ments illustrated and described, Articles on Patent Practice and Procedure, and Law Points for inventors. OUR TRADE MARK BOOK Shows the value and necessity of Trade-Mark Protection and gives information regarding unfair competition. OUR FOREIGN BOOK We have Direct Agencies in all Foreign Countries. Write for our illustrated Guide Book on Foreign Patents. SPECIALIZATION Our Staff The field of invention is so fast that it is impossible for any one man to become an expert in all the different classes of invention. Only those practically skilled in the class to which the invention relates are capable of rendering efficient service. For this reason Victor J. Evans & Co. employ a number of patent lawyers and mechanical experts who have been selected for their special knowledge and ability in certain lines of invention. Each case is placed in charge of experts in the classes in which the invention relates. THE VALUE OF YOUR PATENT Will depend much upon the skill and care with which your case is prosecuted in the United States Patent Office. This work will receive the benefit of skill and experi- ence acquired by a long and successful practice. We spare neither time nor pains to secure the broadest possible patents that the inventions will warrant. That every case entrusted to us receives our best efforts, and that our work is done consistently, skillfully and thoroughly is evidenced by the many unsolicited letters of commenda- tion that we receive constantly from our clients. We will furnish upon request lists of clients from any State in the Union for whom we have secured patents. Our New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Chicago, and San Francisco Offices Owing to the growth of our business we have established for the benefit of our clients Branch Offices in New York City, Philadelphia, Pa., Pittsburgh, Pa., Chicago, Ill., and San Francisco, Cal. These branch offices being located in these large commercial cities, together with our Main Office located near the U. S. Patent office, in Washington, enables us to more promptly handle the business of our clients, particularly as the branch offices are in constant touch with the Main Office and fully equipped to handle patent business in all its branches. Highest References—Prompt Attention—Reasonable Terms Co ee ee Oe a ee ee Cee ee ee ee eee TON Mri Wi Mi i i | Mh if Hy | > t i Mi PR) Hh r Ii i I] VICTOR J. EVANS & CO. i Patent Attorneys 1007 Woolworth Bldg. 1358'S. Broad Street 514 Empire Bldg. Chicago Offices, 1114 Tacoma Bldg. San Francisco Offices, Hobart Bldg. Main Offices, 760 9th Street, Washington, D.C. Gentlemen: Please send me FREE OF CHARGE your books as described above. Nee oe ey Sees een eS Address | | Methods, Terms, and 100 Mechanical Move- . 137

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gett Nl /CENDF RY, THIS FORM DON’T LOSE YOUR RIGHTS TO PATENT PROTECTION Before disclosing your invention to anyone send for blank form ‘*‘EVIDENCE OF CON- CEPTION” to be signed and witnessed. A sample form together with printed instructions will show youjust how to work up your evi- dence and establish thesame before filing ap- plication for patent. As registered patent at- tornevs we represent hundreds of inventors all over the United States and Canada in the ad- vancement of inventions. Ourschedule of fees willbe found reasonable. ‘The form “Evidence of Conception,” sample, instructions relating to obtaining of patents and schedule of fees sent upon request. Ask for them,—a post card will do. PATENTS AND “TRADE MARKS 274 Ouray Bldg. WASHINGTON, D. C. Originators of forms “Evidence of Conception.” Bek ads SRY Pa A 3 K To the Man With an Idea I offer a most comprehensive, ex- perienced, efficient service for his [[% prompt, legal protection and the 4 development of his proposition. Send sketch, or model and description, for advice as to cost, search through prior United States patents, etc. Pre- liminary advice gladly furnished with- out charge. My experience and familiarity with various arts, frequently enable me to accurately advise clients as to probable patentability before they go to any expense. Booklet of valuable information and form for properly disclosing your idea, free on request. Write today. RICHARD B. OWEN Patent Lawyer 6 Owen Building, Washington, D.C, 2276-D Woolworth Building, New York City AN INSTITUTION Founded upon the ’ Principle of Protecting the Inventor in His solution of the problem of mechanic- ally developing his invention. A RELIABLE MEDIUM Affording En- gineering and Technical service for the development of inventions. AN ORGANIZATION Co-operating with Engineers of the highest integrity for advising Inventors concerning practical questions of commercial construction. Wrile for information. THE PATENT INSTITUTE, WASHINGTON, D, C. EARN FNGINEERING Expert electrical engineers are being paid fabu- lous salaries—thousands needed today. We give you personal and thorough. training —practical, technical eourses 3 months to'2 years under ex- pert engineers in electricity, steam, gas, armature winding, drafting, etc. Extensive laboratory and shop equipment. Not a trade school. Training is condensed—if your time is limited come to the Finlay Engineering College—only one of its kind in the. West. Day and night sessions—enrol! anytime. Write for FREE catolog, a post card will do. FINLAY ENGINEERING eouiece 1002 indiana Ave. Kansas City. Mo. The Patent Institute | DO YOU KNOW EVERY MOVE YOUR ATTORNEY MAKES? \. INVENTORS «_ My clients are immediately informed of every step in the prosecution of their applications. WriteNow PATENTS Send Sketch Free Booklet on request Office of WARNER 1. CUBBERLEY, Patent Attorney. 20 Nationa! Union Bidg., Wash., D. C. WILLIAM C. LINTON Consulting Engineer and Patent Attorney “Inventor’s Adviser’ Mailed free on request. Gives full information as to Patents, Trade Marks and Their Cost FFICE Oo 364 UNIVERSITY ST., Montreal, Canada. LANGUAGE ON ALL PHONOGRAPHS “*Like learning a tune—and as easy.’’ Our disc Records repeat the correct accent and pronunciation until you knowit. Family and friends enjoy language study by the LANGUAGE PHONE METHOD and Rosenthal’s Practical Linguistry The war has created unlimited opportunity. Pre- are now to better your position, or increase your usiness, Brush up on the language you studied at school. Write for Booklet and Free Trial Offer. THE LANGUAGE PHONE METHOD 246 Hess B'dg.. 354 Fourth Ave.. N. ¥. SEXUAL KNOWLEDGE ILLUSTRATE By WINFIELD SCOTT BALLS. D. 2.0. SEX FACTS MADE PLAIN What every youfg man and es Every young woman should know ] 00 What every aoe | husband and e Every young wife should know Postpaid _,, What every parent should know Mailed ene Cloth bigding—320 pages—many illustrations wrapper Table of contents, & comme’ 916 F ST. N. W., Washington, D. C. ions, on request. AMERICAN PUB. CO., 617 Winston Bldg., Philade!phia will give our opinion as to its patentable nature. PATENTS SECURE A PATENT, send for Our Guide Book, HOW TO GET A PATENT, sent Free on request. Tells our Terms, Methods, etc.. Send model-or sketch and description of your invention and we BANDOL OH 6 BO 8 snk 130 F St, N. W. Washington, D. * slic te MTem er mT IF YOU HAVE AN INVENTION and DESIRE TO LEARN HOW TO pots t oe occ ce - Popular Science Monthly means of a long screw with a handle at the upper end, and that determines the height of the cutter. This slide is provided with a sliding key fitted to an internal keyway (which must be chipped out by hand), and is split on one side, being heldin position on the column by aclamping screw. In turning the spindle a collar is left on the lower end next to the cutter, and when in place a set screwed collar holds it in place in the slide bear- ing. The cutters are held to the spindle nose by a nut screwing up from below; with this nut keyways are un- necessary. The upper part of the spindle slides in the cap bearing as the slide moves up or down. Seven eighths of an inch is about the right diameter for the spindle; the diameter of the nose depends on the cutter hole. A \-in. hole may be bored and SECTION |THROUGH A-B i | i | | i i Be le TTT . | Hi ee) H >| i AHEE H | H 1 : 1 Fae. 1) 1 1 |e | | | A 1} ia S———-+-4+--+-} “4 Lis eee tin ities. tei B 11 i + 1] 'y '—O- 1} Vy = | | | \ 1 tee | 1 | eee he 1 1 Bee hh | ' | |) Bea “4 ' ; ee 0 i mete ay CUTTER ~ OES ye ia 1} 1 | Feed | Vy 1 1 | Had | | ! | TO FIT TOOL SLIDE How the entire piece of apparatus will look when finished and ready to put in position reamed in the lower end of the spindle to hold small end mills or other cutters. Figs. 1 and 2 show a method by which the cap and slide bearings may be bored out so that they will line up. A short piece of shafting the same diameter as the upright column, upon which the slide should make a close sliding fit, is bolted to the face plate, and the slide, which has previously been bored out and split, is clamped to it as shown in Fig. 1. The shaft stub should be accurately squared up at both ends. After boring and reaming the slide bearing, this is removed with- out disturbing the stub, and the cap, which also has been previously faced off, and drilled for the center bolt, is bolted down (Fig. 2). Its bearing may now be bored and reamed, and if the work has been well done and the lathe is in good shape the two bearings memos Se ON SM OTN

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RRC OS: June, 1920 should be in line when the machine is assembled. If the holes are bored and reamed directly in the casting perfectly good bearings will result, bronze or babbitt bushings being unnecessary. One form of operating handle is shown; a cast-iron arm and iron or steel handle turned up to fit it. For heavy work in cutting steel, a large tap-wrench may be fitted to the spindle in place of the crank, and both hands used to do the cutting. In use, the device is clamped to the lathe-tool slide and the work held between centers, or, if the end is to be worked on, in the chuck or steady- rest. The cutter is fed to the work by means of the cross-slide and longitudi- nal feed given by hand to the tool- carriage. For end-slotting the cutter is fed across the work by the cross- slide. A good way to give an even longitudinal feed is to remove the feed- shaft gear and substitute a crank- handle, this being turned by one hand while the cutter spindle is turned by the other. For heavy work two per- sons are almost necessary, one to turn the cutter and gne to manage the carriage; it would hardly be advisable to attempt a power feed unless the cutter were also driven by power. This could be accomplished by build- ing the column cap so that it would accommodate a worm-gear on the spindle-shaft, this being turned by a worm driven from an_ overhead counter-shaft. The spindle would have to be keywayed and a sliding key fitted to the worm, similar to the bevel gear drive on a drill-press spindle. But for occasional work, such as the original is used for and such as the average amateur would do, this would be an unnecessary complication, the hand power having proved. practical and allowing a great variety of cutting, grooving, facing work here- tofore impossible of accomplishment on the lathe.—H. H. PARKER. You Can Make Your Own Vacuum Bottle VACUUM bottle of great value to nurses, travelers, and others can be made at small cost from waste materials. A round cardboard box, such as some cereals come in, makes an ex- cellent container. Cover the bottom and sides with oilcloth, allowing it to extend three inches above the top edge. Line the sides of the box for 1% in. with layers of newspapers. rounds the well in which the bottle is placed. Fill the well to a depth of two inches with torn bits of paper. Line the bottom and sides of this well with asbestos paper. Procure a wide-mouthed, tightly corked bottle which will slip in and out of this well with ease. Care must be exercised in filling this bottle with hot food. If the bottle is placed in a pan of cold water and grad- ually heated, it may be filled with safety.—GRACE TOWNLEY. — Ernest Pechin, Cornet Virtuoso, Solo- ist with Innes’ and Conway s Concert Bands. ‘pronounced the greatest living Cornetist by both bandmasters. “I find the C. G. Conn, Ltd Victor Cor- net most wonderful in every respect, easiest blowing, most perfect in tune, richest in tonal quality. No other cornet can compare with it.” Ralph E. Corey, Trombone Virtuoso. Soloist with Sousa s band. “'l attrib- ute the success of my career in very great measure to the use of the Conn Trombone, which possesses everything a performer could hope for 1 could not possibly do the work on any other make of instrument that I find easily rendered on the ‘Conn. H_ Benne Henton. Saxophone Virtu- oso Soloist with Sousa’s and Con- way 8 Bands and Victor Talking Ma- chmeCo ‘The Conn Saxophones are used almost exclusively by capable Saxophonists They are superior in every detail possessing improvements not found on any others and a nch tonal quality—a mechanism that ts a work of art || ABand likethis- and lou EN times as many bands as have ever been organized in any year of American history will be organized this year. There's opportunity for you. Get busy. Any number of renowned virtuosos have built their fame with Conn Instruments. They are used and endorsed by the maiority of the world’s greatest-artists. They are famous for their ease of blowing, lightness - in action, perfect intonation and tone quality, artistic design and finish. Choose any instrument from the 3,000 different classes that we manufacture, for,six days’ trial. A guarantee bond accompanies every Conn Instrument. FREE TRIAL—EASY PAYMENTS Only in Conn Instruments are the taper branches expanded by hydraulic pressure. This makes them smooth as glass inside which means perfect intona- tion and easy carriage of sound waves. FREE BOOK. Mention instrument in which you are interested and we will send a special booklet and beautiful photo of it—free. Conn. Instruments can be quickly mastered. This sur- ee wee Es erties Will pay big money to men with autos. Install Rideezee, the _ BETTER THAN AIR IN- NER TIRE. Cheaper than tubes,a light resilient substance guaranteed ten years. Equip your car at agent’s price. , Sell ‘ect health Join frei to friends. The business of the future. ST. PAUL, MINN. RIDEEZEE Cco., Battery Charging Your Biggest Money-llaker Make $150 to $350 Profit Every Month This HB Charger brings Big Opportunity. Recharges 32 6-volt batteries : equivalent. at one time. Cost 10c to 15¢ each. . pore © 75c to $1.50—figure the profits. You can re, on ROFITS and buile + SMe business, Others Me it—YOU can tov. ings me ee oo 8B You This ° ‘ ‘Maker

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Popular Science Monthly The Neatest Mechanical Job I Ever Saw The Popular Science Monthly will pay ninety dollars for the best answers HAT was the neatest mechanical job you ever saw, and how was it done? Some neat ones recently de- scribed in the PopuLaR ScrENCE MontTHLY were: A broken overhead shaft repaired without removing it. brush made from an old pencil. bushed. A magneto Tight pulleys quickly The action of a drill in soft metal made easy. Worn screws made as good as new. There are, of course, many other neat jobs, and we want to know in how many other practical ways they can be done. Tell us! The PopuLarR SCIENCE MONTHLY Offers three prizes,—a first prize of $50, a second prize of $25, and a third prize of $15,— to be awarded in accordance with the rules set forth below. Rules Governing the Contest (1) Contestants are not limited to the number of neat jobs, but only one method can possibly win the first prize, only one the second, and only one the third. The contest is open to everybody. (2) The method must be clear- ly shown either in a photograph or in a drawing. If a drawing is sent in, it need not be made by a skilled draftsman. It is sufficient that it should be _ intelligible. While pencil sketches will be con- sidered, contestants are requested to make their drawings in ink on heavy white paper. The views should be sufficient in number to set forth the use of the appliance very clearly. The contestant’s name and address should appear on each sheet of drawings. (3) The drawings or photo- graphs must be accompanied by a description, preferably type- written, in which the method is clearly given. It must be written on one side of the paper only, and it should not be more than 500 words in length. The name and address of the contestant should appear in the upper left-hand corner of the first sheet of the written description. - (4) The drawings and descrip- tion entered by contestants. must be received by the POPULAR SCIENCE. MONTHLY not later than 5 p. m. on Saturday, July 31, 1920. (5) The judges of the contest will be the editors of the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 140 (6) The first prize of $50 will be awarded to the contestant who, in the opinion of the judges, has suggested the simplest and neatest job. The second prize of $25 will be paid to the contestant who sub- mits a method next in merit. The third prize of $15 will be paid to the contestant who sub- mits the method third in merit. (7) The winners of the contest will be announced in the earliest possible issue of the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. A _ descrip- tion of the methods which win the three prizes offered will duly ap- pear in the pages of the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, together with the names of the winners. (8) The editors of the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY shall have the right to publish meritorious manuscripts which do not win a prize. The regular space rates will be paid to the contestants who submit the maces thus selected. (9) When a contestant submits more than one method, the de- scription and drawing by which each is set forth must be sent as a separate unit. (10) Manuscripts or drawings will be returned to contestants if stamps are enclosed. (11) Send drawings and specifi- cations to the Neatest Job Editor, POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, 225 West 39th Street, New York City.

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June, 1920 \ “The Job is Yours— on One Condition! “For a long time I watched the new men who came into this business. 99 Some stood still—stayed right where they started. Others climbed—made each job a stepping stone to something better. | “Now, what was the difference? Well, I investigated and found out. The men who were getting ahead had been devoting part of their spare time to study along the line of their work. Our treasurer used to be a bookkeeper. years ago. bottom in the drafting room. “All of these men won their advancements through spare time study with the International Corre- jf Today they are earning four or five times—yes, some of them fen times as much _ ff spondence Schools. money as when they came with us. “So out of this experience we have formed a policy. We are looking for men who care enough about their future not only to do their present work well, but to devote part of their spare time to preparation for advancement. “And [ll give you this job on one condition—that you take up a course of special training along the line of your work. Let the I. C.S. help you for one hour after supper each night and your future in this business will take care of itself.” Employers are begging for men with ambition, men who really want to get ahead in the world and are willing to prove it by training themselves in spare time to do some one thing well. Prove that you are that kind of a man! The International Correspondence Schools are ready and anxious to help you prepare for advancement in the work of your choice, what- ever it may be. More than two million men and women in the last 28 years have taken the I. C. S. route to more money. Over 100,000 others are getting ready in the same way right now. Surely the least you can do is to find out what there is in this proposition for you. Here is all we ask: Without cost, without obligating yourself. in any way, simply mark and mail this coupon. The factory superintendent was working at a bench in the shop afew ff The sales manager started in a branch office up state. The chief designer rose from the —— on i A ome cm TEAR OUT HERE Sm coe see GE GE Se Explain, with om... ut venti h me — post- ou! me, how I can for thi tion, or ilgating me hich I mark % ens Pitt va ES Electric Lighting and Railways ee ow immer Telegraph Engineer Show Card W Telephone Work Siga Painter MEOHANIOAL ENGINEER Railroad of Testamen Mechanical ftsman ILLUSTR. ~ Lea |Machine Shop Practice Cartooni pocteteer BUSINESS MANAGEMENT OIVIL ENGINEER BOOKKEEPER rs and Mappin —¥ pher and Typist MINE FOREMAN OR aay NEER Cort. Bub me ¢ Accoumment + Seb egg me ENGINEER ANAGER Ship Drafteman Ratlway ray ee Lew ARCHITECT GOOD > ENGLISH es neal Fn School Subjects b; Concrete Beller tly ae! PLUMBING ~ ANp mecrixa AUTOMOBILE OPERATING Sheet Metal W: Aate Repairing Textile apeneet or or Supt. ertgeeee Spanish CHEMIST AGRICULTURE Freneh Mathematics Poultry Raising Italias Name Present oO A , Street and No City State. 7-25-19 Canadians may send this coupon Jaternational Correspondence Schools, Bontreal, Canada

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HE principles involved in the production of sustained oscilla- tions with the thermionic vacuum tube have been explained in the previous article. The circuits shown there have been stripped of all parts, such as the batteries, that are not necessary to explain the operation of the tube in the production of oscillations. We shall now discuss some of the circuits ac- tually used in practice, and here the bat- teries will be bas SEO, shown so that A the diagrams eg) The simplest type of vacuum-tube oscilla- tion circuit is shown represent cir- cuits that can actually be used. There are a large number of different circuits in use at the present time, all of which are satisfactory, though some have ad- vantages over others incertainrespects. in this diagram Simplest Type of Oscillaticn Circuit Fig. 1 shows the simplest type of — oscillation circuit, sometimes referred to as the “‘re- versed feed- back circuit.” This circuit lends itself most readily to amathematical solution, and is Lp also in actual ie operation one FIG2 of the simplest This is the feed- back type of oscilla- tion circuit with an inductive coupling types. The os- cillation cur- rent is estab- lished in the oscillation circuit LC and can be measured with the a.c. meter A. A grid battery Eg By H. J. van der Bijl, M. A., Ph. D. determined almost entirely by the in- ductance L and capacity C in the oscillation circuit; in other words, it is given by : 2rvV LC Fig. 2 shows the circuit that is generally referred to as the feed-back circuit. The difference between this and the other one is that the con- denser is in parallel with the grid inductance instead of with the plate inductance. This circuit is the type that is used to detect electromagnetic waves by the autodyne method. When used for this purpose the in- coming oscilla- tions are induc- ed in the coil L, while the reson- ant circuit con- taining C and L aretuned to the frequency of the incoming oscillations, thus producing maximum po- tential varia- tions between the filament and the grid. The re- ceiver may be inserted in the plate circuit, as shown in Fig. 3. It will be seen that Fig. 3 is the same as Fig. 2, except that Fig. 3 looks more familiar as the type commonly used to receive continuous waves. AR The Hartley Circuit frequency = Here is the Hartley oscillation circuit, designed for generat- ing high frequencies cuit the condenser C connects the grid with the plate. It will, therefore, be seen from the figure that this condenser and the capacity between grid and plate are in parallel, so that they may simply be added. For very high fre- quencies the condenser C may be omitted altogether, and the tube will oscillate with a frequency depending on the inductance of the coil and the capa- city between the elements of the tube. In the ar- rangement shown in this diagram the grid is main- tained atan ap- propriate wad t ative potenti by meansof the —I-—-—I- grid battery | oooeon20cc020— Eg. Thesame ries thing may be done by means of a resistance leak R, as shown in Fig. 5. As was before stated, this type of circuit is commonly used, and it will be found very satisfactory when it is desired to produce oscillations covering a very wide range. There are two other types of circuit that should be mentioned here. The first is the Colpitts oscillation circuit, which is shown in Fig. 6. In this diagram the batteries are omitted for the sake of clearness. Comparing Fig. 6 with Fig. 4, it will be seen that the inductance in the Colpitts circuit takes the place of the The Colpitts oscil- lator shown above uses a single coil and two condensers Cc A type of oscillation sy circuit that is commonly used is shown in Fig. 4. This is known as the Hartley circuit. This ar- rangement is of value when producing very high is inserted in the grid circuit to maintain the ,, f grid at negative poten- capacity in the Hartley circuit, and the inductances in the Hart- ley circuit are replaced by con- densers in the Colpitts circuit. A convenient way to use the Colpitts circuit in actual prac- tice is shown in Fig. 7. Cy rep- resents choke coils to pass direct tial with respect to the filament. This is not al- ways necessary, it being possible to make the tube operate satisfacto- rily without the grid bat- tery. But it will usu- ally be found that in general there is a certain grid potential that gives the best results and that should be determined experimentally. The frequency of the oscillations is FIG.3 RECEIVERS The oscillation cir- cuit shown in Fig 2 is here adapted to radio receiving is, for example, an electro- static capacity between the grid and the plate of the tube, and so also between the other elements. These electrostatic capacities are usually very small, but they become very effective when the frequency becomes very high. The effective capacity between grid and plate is indicated in Fig. 4 by the dotted line. In the Hartley cir- 142 frequencies. FIGS current, al The tube is not he a tag oscilla- the plate : on circuit main- = reraangne t free tains a negative battery = from reactance jotential on grid being in- effects. There serted as indicated by Ep. The condensers C, and C, areadd- ed to prevent di- ¢, rect current from flowing through the inductance L. In other words, thechoke coils and these condensers are inserted to FIG7 Showing the battery supply circuits that are used for the Colpitts oscillation separate the d.c. from the a.c. circuits.

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June, 1920 Spring fork Examine the truss-like construction of the specially designed leaf spring fork and you will see why it affords extreme flexi- bility and riding smoothness without any sacrifice of strength. The fork rockers are heavy drop forgings and are fitted with large screw-down lubricators. The spe- cially designed leaf spring is highly re- silient, and easily masters any road jolt. Double tube frame The frame proper is madefrom steel tubes of the finest quality. From the frame-head two of these tubes diverge, forming a cradle forthe unit power plant. The shape of theframe not only permits a three point suspension for the power-mechanism, but it acts, as well, as a self-bracing shock absorber. Model G20 Double tube frame and special spring fork Eminently noteworthy among tbe structural achievements of the matchless INDIAN Scout, are the double tube frame and the special spring fork. Since these units are closely allied in point of service, they are closely united in mechani- cal excellence. Super-sturdiness of build combined with lightness in weight, the prime essential of motorcycle perfection, is com- mon to both, The utmost in stress-resistance, both later- ally and longitudinally, assures that these Scout members will safeguard the vital alignment of working parts. They form the backbone of the time-tried INDIAN hardi- hood. They are built to “stand the gaff,” and their faithful adherence to this built-in idea merits the confidence they win everywhere. Department 38 HENDEE MANUFACTURING COMPANY Springfield, Mass. The Largest Motorcycle Manufacturer in the World oes

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When it is desired to impress these oscillations on an antenna, any one of the known means can be resorted to. The antenna circuit may, for example, be coupled up to the oscillation circuit. Fig. 8 shows the Meissner oscillation circuit and the way.in which it 7 is coupled to an antenna. In order to obtain the best results, it will usually be found nec- essary to adjust Fe peace the filament = FIGS current and the plate voltage to certain val- ues that, under the conditions of operation, will give the best results. If the fila- ment current is not high enough, the tube will give a small amount of power output in the form of alternating current, or it may not oscillate at all. Increased Current As the filament current is in- creased, the tube will suddenly start to oscillate when a certain value of fila- ment current is reached. As the fila- ment current is further increased, the strength of the oscillation cur- rent (as meas- ured, for exam- ple, by the am- meter A in Fig. ) will increase rapidly at first and then more R slowly, and fin- ally become virtually inde- pendent of the filament cur- rent. This be-_ havior is shown in Fig. 9, which gives the out-power as a function of the fila- ment current. The filament current

Showing the con- nection of the Meiss- ner or oscillation cir- cuit to the aatenna - = WYER OUTPUT PC ) * fe) FILAMENT CURRENT The power outvut is bound to vary if filament current is too low

should not be made any greater than ' is necessary, because this unduly shortens the life of the tube. Now, suppose the filament current has a fixed value If. Unless the plate voltage is large enough, the tube will not oscillate, even though the filament current is large enough. Fig.10 shows the relation between theoutput power and the plate voltage. It will be seen that the output power re- mains zero until the plate voltage reaches a certain value. Further in- crease in the plate voltage causes a rapid increase in the output power, provided the filament current is high enough. The plate voltage should be OUTPUT POWER

PLATE VOLTAGE The power output de- pends upon the plate voltage, as shown here

kept within certain limits, depending on the type of tube. ; 144

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Tae FT| wees June, 1920 A Musical Scale from an Oscillating Audion _[So many operators were interested in our article in the January number which described how, Dr.. De Forest gets music’ from an audion that we shall give some’ rules for tuning an oscillating audion. If you are interested you will find it worth while to read again not only that article, but those recently published by Dr. van der Bijl on -vacuum-tube oscillators, and also ‘the discussion’ of “Stoppers and Filters for “‘Undamped Ware's in the April number. ] N oscillating audion coupled with an ‘amplifying tube (Fig. 1) supplies the receivers of a loud-speaking re- This audio- frequency oscillation circuit with ~ an amplifier will produce a loud musical note MUSICAL AUDION AMPLIFIER FIG ceiver. The pitch of the note will de- pend upon the amount of inductance in the coil L, and of capacity in the condenser C, being lower the greater is the product of Land C. Hence, if we _ vary either L or C we vary the note. If we do so by the right steps we may make the audion give successively the notes of the musical scale. In Dr. De Forest’s hook-up he used one tube and one tuned circuit for each note; but he has more audions at his disposal than most of us, so we shall describe how to accomplish the result with one oscillating tube. Of course, we can’t play chords’as he can, but we can play simple old- fashioned melodies. If we have condensers of known capacity and coils of known _ in- ductance, it is very easy to tune the oscillating circuit to give any desired musical note. We shall describe that method first, and then explain how it can- be done if we have to deal with homemade coils of unknown induc- tance. Suppose you wish to get a note of “middle C’’ which represents 256 vibrations a second. Choose L and C so that the product of the number of mil-henries of inductance by the number of microfarads of capacity is 389. For example, if you have an iron core coil of, say, one henry, 7. e., 1,000 mils, then you will need a condenser of 0.389 mf. But if your coil has only 50 mils your condenser must be 7.78 mf. You can obtain far better results by using a coil of large inductance. Now, if you want the octave.of mid- dle C,namely the note of 512 vibrations a second, you must make this product -one quarter as large. For example, if : : ““you are using the one-henry coil you |: now make the capacity only 0.097 mf. Salaries Up to $15,000 a -Year Our graduates start work as Senior Operators at $125 a month, with all living expenses paid. Ad- vancement is rapid to high positions with bigger pay, as follows: Radio Aids, $6 to $15 a day; Aerial Mail Service, $1,500 to $2,400 a year and 10% bonus; ’ Radio Inspectors, $1,200 to $3,500 a year; Radio Engineers, $2,500 to $15,000 a year. Our graduates ' are guaranteed positions upon securing their official license after taking our course. You can learn wireless the National Radio Institute way in a few weeks, by mail, right in your own home. Many of our students secure positions before. completing the course, because it is based on actual practice and teaches what is needed to make a big success of wireless work. Travel If You Want To If you want to travel and see the world, go to foreign countries and increase your knowledge of world affairs, wireless offers you the chance of a life time. However, you are not obliged to travel but may secure a permanent position at one of the many land offices, railroads, telegraph or steamship companies near your home, if preferred. 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June, 1920 A Circuit Layout for a Radio Editor HE antenna connection leads to the editor of POPULAR SCIENCE Monthly, from whose mail contribu- tions to these columns find their way to his assistant, the radio editor. The latter has a number of turns and con- POPULAR THE SCIENCE EDITOr ~™ MONTHLY FEED-BACK FROM S. MAIL PRINTERS FOR os PROOF-READING, ETC. IN MUL SMALL CAPACITY FOR SERIES MANUSCRIPTS WHICH NEED REVISION x 3 te POWER FROM RADI PRINTING EDITOR — DEPARTMENT 4 pea rei OUTGOING PAY T —— TO KEEP UP THE an POR — EMISSION REJECTED MSS) =" tuneD circuIT RESONANT TO THE AMATEUR. This is the picture that our radio Editor drew to show his operation ‘siderable inductance. The retarding effect is sufficient to prevent anything good. getting by him and reaching the other terminal, which connects to the outgoing mail for rejected manu- scripts. In his present hook-up a small capacity, formed by a desk drawer, serves to hold contributions that have merit but won’t quite do. Some of these he revises. At present it is about ready to break down or to spark over because of.a heavy charge of hand-written manuscripts. The compositor objects to these even more than the editor does. If your contri- bution seems to you worth while, borrow a typewriter and make it look that way. . Coupled with this primary is a circuit sharply tuned to new ideas in radio and resonant with sympathy and interest in the progress of the amateur. There is no “bug trap’”’ or X-stopper, and sometimes the circuit gets a bad jolt. Amateur B sends in a diagram, involving the same principles, but a slightly different hook-up, from the one that the editor has just accepted from amateur A for publication -next month. Mr. A gets the check and Mr. B. a rejection slip. There’s a damped oscillation of sympathy for the latter. You hope he’ll come again. Then. your grid gets blocked with questions from novice X, six at once in lead-pencil on a half sheet of paper and enclosing stamp for immediate reply. X, Jr., wants to know what tube will give the best amplification. Has he read Dr. van der Bijl’s articles, which we are featuring? What tube shall we tell him, without seeing his circuit or knowing what he wants to amplify? Then he-wants to know what is the limit to the amplification that can be obtained.’ About here the old tube starts to go bad, or at least to -talk that way. There’s a feed-back from the printers, proof-readers, draftsmen, and way to $1,000 a week. And the demand for We'll show you how you can have your own business and be assured of big steady streams of profit. are hundreds and hundreds of men all over the country whom we started out, cleaning up from $100 all the WANT BIG MONEY? Get in the Tire Repair Business There tire-repair work is growing ata tremendous [=> pace. This year alone, the U.S. Rubber Com- pany states, the American people will spend : $900,000,000 for tires! We are working day | . — and night to supply vulcanizing and tire repair equipment. We Teach You the Business We have plants and schools located in different sections of the country where we | © teach you how to operate our complete vul- | | canizing plant consisting of Section Molds, | ~ Retread Molds, Boilers, Tread Peelers, etc., and also all the other details of the General Tire Repair Business. 4 The United States Government uses | > Western Tire & Rubber Works methods and } § machines in the Military Training Schools. coe PA pe ee Illustration to right shows how a tire worn down looks after retreading. Our scientific method guar- antees 4,000 to 6,000 miles more out of worn tires at one-third their original cost. es Woks 04 “Western” Machines Do the Work handle it quickly and surely. bringing you bi day. For probably half the labor you put in on your present job, you can run your own tire businessand make real money. Our equipment stands the Government test of efficiency and is the latest development in the field, manufactured by experienced practical men. We have men who are experts in all phases of tire repair work show you thoroughly from A to Z every part of the business, so that you can Then your ‘‘ Western” outfit starts right in profits every Tires rolling by your shop represent dollars that , can be rolling in to you. Tremendous Demand Requests for equipment and instruction are coming in fast and we could do practically our entire business in a few big centers, but we believe it better to have Western shops established in various towns and cities rather than centered. So we are running this ad to offer the opportunity to you. Write us and we will send you an introductory card to our office nearest your location. We will also send our handsome 1920 catalog showing complete line of the most up-to-date vulcanizing equipment in the world. Mail a card or use coupon for details of this money making business. pemeiar mgr ae pigtail pas NESTERN TIRE & RUBBER WKS., 245 N. Crawford Ave., i Chicago, Illinois. Gentlemen: | Please send introductory card and free big ! I catalog and other information on Tire Business. J I PO as vce cence elcds CUO eeC Tab etewaanwes A rl | 2 EE Oe EE ne an i Rs dat A I The only two-cylinder motor in the world to drive a bicycle 6 to 35 miles per hour. | generator. Write for booklet. The Johnson Motor Wheel Replace the rear wheel of your bicycle with the Johnson Twin, and you will have a Two-Cylinder Motor Bike. Go 150 miles on a gallon of gasoline or 60 miles for 10 cents, with a speed range of It consists of flat twin-cylinder motor, extra strong rear wheel with 2-inch motorcycle fabric tire, paten- ted shock absorbing driving sprocket, magneto and electric light THE JOHNSON MOTOR WHEEL COMPANY ~S 906 East Sample St. Gale) South Bend, Indiana Nga SS = Johnson Motor Bike Johnson Motor Wheel $140.00 $97.50 £.0.b. factory, plus f. o. b. factory, war tax plus war tax Se ND \ %

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artists, so the circuit is really re- generative. Of course, the tube acts not only as a detector. of good stuff, but also as an amplifier; for some contributions need that. What’s our record in words per minute? . We don’t: know, but if your contribution is more than four hundred words, exclusive of photos and sketches, we'll probably beat our record, but we'll use a blue pencil. Don’t forget the photographs, and then condense your article into about this number of words, and give some other amateur a chance to get his stuff into the same issue. Radio Equipment for Pleasure Craft QUIPMENT of small boats and pleasure craft for radio has been made entirely practicable by the de- velopment of the transmitter shown in the accompanying photographs. This apparatus has been designed to in- clude all the latest features found in a merchant vessel’s equipment, but is so ingeniously constructed that the entire transmitter is contained within a case no larger than a typewriter. The weight has been kept down to-a trifle over forty pounds. The principal value of a set of this character lies in destroying the isola- tion of cruising waters for the owner who operates his own boat. Design- ing the set for compactness required the elimination of intricate electrical circuits, and this has been.so well accomplished that an inexperienced person can learn its operation after a few hours’ practice. Only one adjust- ment of the transmitter is required, and manipulation of the receiver is equally simple. Thus, after a brief experience with adjustments and about thirty- hours’ practice at home in learning the telegraph code, the ama- teur yachtsman is ready to avail him- self of the great convenience of having a thoroughly reliable means of com- munication at hand at all times. With this equipment he may receive the

Rear view of the panel of a new radio trans- mitter designed for pleasure-craft service daily storm warnings, news of menaces to navigation, time signals by which to check his chronometer, and may gain lost bearings in fog or storm, com- municate with passing vessels, and on 148

ees meena Monthly

Write for full particulars of our courses. THE PALMER SCHOOL OF CHIROPRACTIC : (Chiropractic Fountain Head) 13th and Brady Streets, DAVENPORT, Iowa, U.S. A. -UNDER MASTER lessons under teachers, and coach you. Lessonsa Any Cntrteent or Voice or our wed | gepamaad CONSERVATORY ers Bid Chi UNIV 6326 Siegel- cago, Illinois.

DIAMOND For a Few Cents a Day 128 pages of them. ls The eqTyatent Diomend book ever pub cont free for our name and address. Your choice of mil of dollars request. No | ap an low on a few contnaday Sie cae w, cent ben beces meg

Send for this Free 118 Page Book. It tells how you can gain a thor- ough knowledge of law in your spare time, as 40,000 others are doing. portunities in the profession of law. Busi- ness today needs law trained men. Free book gives experiences of successful law trained men, and tells how you can read law under guidance of Ex- _ President Taft and 80 othes eminent authorities. Blackstone Institute Splendid op- pt. Al20 608 S. yen Chicago

TELEGRAPHY Morse and Wireless taught thoroughly. Big Salaries. Tremendous Demand. All expenses low; chance to earn part. Largest School in America ; established 45 years. Catalog free. . Dodge’s Institute, 9th St., Valparaiso, Ind. ; FREE BOOK d Learn Piano! shows how you can become askilled player of piano or orgen ma peng. ows home, st 4 at one Dr. Quinn’s famous fethod = “endorsed by leadi musicians a Dead of s. Successtul b6 youre a chords mt once complete piece in every key, within 4 les= - Scien a 7 7 2 undere tand. Fully illustrated. For ———- x yous ne. A music free. Disiene **How to Study Music’’ M. L. QUINN CONSERVATORY, Staflo ZF, Sctal Union Bie. Boston, Mass. TAMMER more A scientific method that “kills the fear” of stammering. Re-education the key. This marvelous method fully outlined in an accurate, dependable, worth while book—“HOW TO STOP STAMMERING” Mailed on receipt of 10 cents. The HATFIELD INST., 109 N. Dearborn, CHICAGO

Popular Science Monthly

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June, 1920 long cruises receive the news of the day sent out by wireless from shore. Controls and indicating instruments are mounted on the front of the panel, and the only electrical adjustment to be made in operating the set is the length of the spark-gap. - Excepting the flanges of this gap, all parts of the transmitter that carry current are silver-plated, with a satin finish, and carefully lacquered to protect them from tarnishing. A motor-generator is supplied with this equipment, and is Control panel of a compact radio transmitter that has been de- signed for use on motor-boats placed under the operating table. It is the navy type inductor alternator machine, and requires little care and attention. The receiver is similar in design -to - those used with such notable success on commercial ships sailing the seven seas. It has a wide range of wave- lengths over which signals from many types of stations may be heard, and only a few simple adjustments are re- quired to “listen in’ on the ship or shore station desired. The equipment. has sufficient rug- gedness to withstand the vibration on small vessels equipped with gas- engines. The complete apparatus may be mounted on a four-foot table instead of spreading it all over the cabin, as was necessary before the present-day perfection of radio equip- ment was achieved. Directing United States Mail Airplanes by Wireless IRPLANES of the Aerial Mail service may now be directed by radio to the exact spot in the landing field to which they should steer. Experiments of the Bureau of Stand- ards have developed the necessary electrical system. The airplane carries a loop» for detecting the direction of the signals transmitted from the landing field. When the aviator has followed these directing signals to the field, another set of signals reaches him. These come from a special coil transmitter and are of short range. Steering toward them, the pilot lands safely in the middle of the field. These landing signals can be heard from more than 6,000 feet altitude. and a Business for You! Both can be had but their achievement rests solely with your ability to recognize your chance and “‘Act uponit."” This is an age of business enterprise. The Vanderpool method offers great opportunities for getting into a business for yourself. Hundreds Make $2000 to $4000 a Year The Hentesposl method makes it easy for you to get into business for yourself. You furnish the “WILL TO DO IT” and with a few weeks of our free course of “HOME STUDY” and our Tire Re-Building outfits, you can be ready to open up a business inashort time. No question of your getting business. Many Tire-Rebuilders are working day and night. 2 Think! Men 37,500,000 Tires wearing out; the Vanderpool method makes it easy for you to learn right at home without interfering with your regular work; it starts you right, teaches you how to use the Vanderpool equipment, opens up vast opportunities for a large and growing business, Vanderpool Equipment—A Bear for Work Vanderpool five cavity with its greater compactness, convenience and its latest spring improvement has brought us many favorable comments from enthusiastic users. Many are discarding their old oy and buying this new work producer. rite for our Booklet immediately; it will get you started right away; It will cost Bay only a two cent. stamp and willeasily make thousands of dollars for you. °° he Vanderpool Vulcanizing Co. Springfield, Ohio, U.S. A. In Answering Address Dept. 7x Aft.rc 5 years’ experience with most all makes of Vulcan- izers, I bought a Vanderpool and went into business. It is compact and convenient, turns out excellent work and a lot of it. C. Derr. tee en ing erPrintExpert | Earn $2,500 to $5,000.a Year Learn science of absolute identification, associate with big men, detectives, lawyers, bankers. Solve mystery and crime, travel and see the world. Train Yourself in Spare Time You can do this if you will spend a short time each day in the study of finger print identification. The demand for finger print experts is growing every day and the field is unlimited. Most Fascinating Profession in the World The work is so fascinating and -your progress so rapid that you will be delighted to study. It grips you right from the start, puts new life and enthusiasm into you. You want to be looked up to, you want to be recognized as a shrewd man and this is all within your reach. Devote our time and thought to finger print identification. There is nothing in the world that will pay such large dividends in both inspiration and ‘dollars. Get in a profession that’s not overcrowded. Big Demand For Experts There are good paying positions waiting for you. The demand for our students is far-in excess of supply. If you were ready today to receive our diploma, | would recommend you for one of the waiting positions we now have, paying from’ $2,500 to $5,000 a year, traveling everywhere, staying in good hotels, meeting the best of people and doing a most interesting work. : “Finger Print Facts” FREE. Send for my wonderful book today—its free. It tells you~ how Hicks’ Remarkable System has opened a new earning era for 8 hundreds of men. You can be one of §§ Without obligation to me, please send them—simply send coupon for full infor- g you" FREE Iilustrated book “Finger seidien:: Sie ts tenes Print Facts’”’ and special offer. Perse 2222222262 § Federal Finger Print Institute, Inc., gessKemper Bidg., Kansas City, Mo. Federal Finger Print Institute, Inc. Kansas City Missouri §j ! Age State Occupation

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ere ee ete woes ite te em a Seen Make This Your Business at $3,000 per Year Automobile Tire Surgery. There isn’t a business. you could get into that offers such sure possibilities of success ‘and fortune. One man and.a Haywood Equipment..can make $250 a month and more:, Scores already have done‘it and this year. there is a greater demand than ever for. tire’ fepair work. “30 Million Tires to Repair” That's not a myth nor some man’s dream. It’s an actual fact. The factories everywhere are for tite biggest period Of prosperity in the auto. lor the C3) ity e aa mobile ae. 30 oman aes will be man a factured and every one will need repairing. No Experience Necessary No. previous training, no hee ge We have a complete course, plainl rofusely illustrated, that explains everything. course is Free with each equipment. you have a little mechanical turn of mind, you can quickly become an ex You learn in a week. Handle all kinds of jo figure pricesat big cash profits. Nothing is easier to master completely. This is Wm. Oldham HE EARNED $2200.00 IN 4 MONTHS with 1 Haywood Ma- chine. Mr. Oldham was telegraph operator for The Illinois Central as much in 4 months as in i 2} years as telegraph operator.” INVESTIGATE. Send the coupon below, a letter or This brings full information— and a big interesting catalog. Tells all about tires and how to them. Shows how to make money—— to. | ome independent. Do this today-——- NOW— before you forget . Haywood Tire & Equipment Company 1274 Capitol Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. Ont oak ASS Tae a SASS AE LS Ga cece Hinde yg COUPON ood Tire & Equipment Co. 1274 Bn. ee Ave. Indianapolis, Ind. ’ tiemen:—Please send me your catalog, getaile and plans or starting am')itious men in the Tire Repair business. { Name Address. 4 areata cicmainarania Don’t Wear a Truss Brooks’ Appliance, the modern scientific invention, the wonderful new discovery that relieves rupture, will be sent on trial. No obnoxious springs or pads, MR. C. E. BROOKS , e Brooks’ Rupture Appliance Has automatic Air Cushions. Binds and @raws the broken parts together as limb. No salves. No lies. Durable, cheap. ee Fent oa trial to prove {t. Protec S. patents. atalog an Teasuire blanks é ~ a 4 * Fy led ‘free. Send BROOKS APPLIANCE co., 255B State St., Marshall, Mich. Learn Navigation by Mail Bxndrede of oftec:s ping companies and merchant marine. eg —— Fen ee inatrester for U - Shipping Board, will tell you how to SALARIES UP TO $412 = — AWD EXPENSES rie balk for valu- ag “ free booklet. “Your WORLD TECHNICAL Do ED TASER, STITUTE CONCRETE ON THE FARM AND IN THE SHOP This new book illustrates-and describes in plain, simple language many of the numerous appliances of concrete within the range of the home worker. Price, postpaid, $1.00 BOOK aah ren’ POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY West 39th Street, New York Experimental Vacuum Valve Detectors OME years ago the writer designed and described in print a very simple but efficient vacuum-valve de- tector of the external grid class. It Using an automobile headlight for a valve detector. Tube is mounted on*an old phonograph record was easily made from any one of light bulbs of the double filament type which were then in use on certain automobiles. In the past year several styles of bulbs of this type have been tested. More than seven different types of those on the market to-day are suitable, and very little work is needed to fit them up as detectors. One of the best and most modern of the above bulbs is the tubular style (maker’s number T14). This has two filaments, one consuming .84 amperes, and the other 2.25 amperes. Both filaments are connected outside the bulb and at the base to a common contact. by melting the solder, one of the wires insulated by twisting over it a paper tube and the other soldered back to the contact. The filament connections will then be separate from each other. Of course, only one can be burned without reconnecting the bulb. The other will act as the plate. The regular bayonet socket of the tube type may be used, but a binding- post should be soldered to the metal tube part of the socket, to provide for the third contact to the inside of the bulb. This in some cases will be the several of the 6-volt miniature electric- . This contact may be found ' “a Another amateur valve detector ° using one filament for the plate ‘and [the other for the electron emission filament circuit, depending on the kind of bulb used.- An external grid in the form of a cup- shaped base is fitted, and the various parts mounted on a phonograph record base, thus making a neat-looking in- 150 plate, and in other bulbs one end of the Popular Science Monthly MAKE YOURSELF A MAN You don’t want to go through life a weak, ailing, sickly creature, pitied by your associates because you haven't any of the elements of a virile, red - blooded MAN about you. And you- don’t have to do it— no matter what your: present condition. You can get rid of the ailments or weak- nesses that are keeping you down; you can free yourself from constipation, dyspep- sia or any other chronic dis- orders; you can strengthen your vital organs, every one of them; you can develop your muscles, add to your weight or take off your fat and be happy and success- fulinlife, if you go about it in the right way. - STRONGFORTISM will show you how to do it, just as it already has shown thousands of other pitiable apologies for men who put themselves under my care whenthey found that quack medicines and fake ‘* reme- dies’’ weren’t worth the bottles and boxes they were soldin. Strongfortism made them well and strong and vigorous again; it made me the strongest man in the world, and it will improve 100 per cent. ina few short months ANY man who follows its peau There isn’t any doubt of it —I GUARANTEE results. You can’t afford to pass up this chance of becoming what you want to be and what your wife wants you to be. Send for my free book ‘* Promotion and Conservation of Health, Strength and Mental Energy.’’ It will tell you how YOU can do what my pupils in every part of the world are doing every day. Send three 2 cent stamps to cover postage and packing and I will mail you a copy at once. LIONEL STRONGFORT Physical and Health Specialist 1266 Strongfort Institute, Newark, N. J. STRONGFORT The Perfect Man tc. .the Act of ‘congress of of ae Science Mosey, Pas York, N. Y., for April 920. State of New ork. County of New York, ss. net fore Me, & notary _ lic, in and for the State and county storesaid, personally a > 2. Capen, who, having been duly’ sworn accord ing to w, deposes and says that he is the ess Manager of the Popular Science Monthly and that the following is, to the best of his knowledge and belief, a true statement of the ownership, management, etc., of the aforesaid publica- tion for be | date shown in the above caption, required by the Act of August 24, 1912, embodied in section 443, Postal Laws and Regulations, printed on the reverse of this form, to wit: 1. That the names and addresses of the publisher, editor, managing editor and business managers are: Pub- lisher, The Modern eon. Company i —. 225 West Thirty-ninth Street, New Y Editor, Waldemar Kaempffert, 225 West Thirty-ninth Street, New York, N.Y. Managing Editor, Loren Palmer, 225 West_Thirty- ninth Street, New York, N. Y. Business Manager, B. Capen. 225 West Thirty-ninth Stress, New_York, Y. 2.—That the owners are: The Popular ‘Science Publishing Com ny, ane. = Vt Se Street, New York, N. Y. Stockholders 0’ onaare 22 William erect, lishing Com Inc., Henry J. Fisher, New York, RY: Oliver B. Capen, 225 West Thirty-ninth Street, New York, N. Y.; Robert Cade Wilson, 683 S pring: field Avenue, Summit, N. J: had ns “Kaempftert, 2 ~¥ West Thirty-ninth Street, New. York, aR rge Agnew, 22 William Street, New York, N. vr ; Susan D. ‘Suias, 22 William Street, New York, N.Y. 3.—That the known bondholders, mortgagees, and “other security holders owning or holding 1 per cent. or more of total smount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities are: Importers and Thaw National Bank, 247 Broadway, New York, N. Y.; Po Fisher, 22 William Street, New York, N. Y.; diese Mead Company, Dayton, Ohio. 4-—That the two Be [eo next above, giving the names of the owners, stock- olders, and security holders, if amy, contain not only the list of stockholders and security holders as they appear upon the books of the company, but a ome where the stockholder or security holder appears upon the books of the company as trustee or in any other caer relation the 1 ¥ of the person or corporation for whom such trustee is acting, is given;.also that the said two paragraphs contain statements embracing affiant’s full knowledge and belief as to the circumstances and conditions under which stockholders and security holders who do not appear upon the books of the company as trustees, hold stock He securities in a capacity other than that of a bona fide owner; and this affiant has no reason to believe that any other person, association, or corporation~has-any interest. direct or indirect in the said stock, bonds, or other securities than re of 0-2-0 pa te Sign ‘APEN, ness M anager rm to sat’ subscribed before me this 22nd day of Mar 1920. Arthur A, Blauvelt. Queen’s County—2767, New York County—63 39, _New Yo York Reg. 1612. ). expires March 30, 1921, STAMMER If you stammer attend no stammering echool till you get my big new FREE book rate. Largest and most success- ay echool in the world, curing all forms -of defective speech by advanced, natural method. No sing-song, or time-beat. North-Western School for Stammerers, Inc. 2335 Grand Avenue Milwaukee, Wis. Statement of the Ownershi > Manaaemens. Circulation by August blished Fa “4 New

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June, 1920

strument as seen from the illustration. Most any euplike piece of metal may be used for the grid. The writer employs two styles, one for a tubular and the other for a round bulb. The former is made from a speaking-tube mouthpiece of nickel-plated brass that just fits the bottom of the bulb. The latter may be a silver-plated mustard- pot guard such as can be bought for twenty-five or fifty cents. The external grids are connected with binding-posts in the usual man- ner. The circuit employed with any

Electricians’ Knife Scissors and Tweezers We can meet dealers’ demands at once and offer attractive quantity prices Write for description MATHIAS KLEIN & SONS, Mfrs. CANAL STA. 3, CHICAGO

In this detector an old silver mustard- pot guard serves for an external grid

of these bulbs is the standard circuit used with external grid detectors. A point to be remembered in using these valves is that the larger the grid employed the smaller the grid con-

You can © make your own con-

crete feeding floors, water tanks, Fe bom se onenalparer he eer denser must be, since the grid itself is Postal. 4 °2”¢ ® lot of money with a in effect a condenser.

These bulbs, being of the “gas” type, require a critical adjustment, but when this is reached are very sensitive.—R. U. CLARK, 3rd. SHELDON Concrete Mixer Does work equal to$300 mixers —yet costs only a frac- om Ww tion. All modern fea- fey tures. Fully guaranteed. Did You || —Ever Know

Write for catalog now. ° ° P fg that away back in 1867. Sheldon Mfg. Co. Variable Grid-Leak in a | Messrs. J. R-. Brown and euh 7 =e Novel Mounting | Sharpe brought from Paris an idea which resulted in what is now the most necessary tool in the mechanical world —the Micrometer Caliper? HE grid-leak is an instrument as simple as it is useful, but it should be variable for experimental purposes. The simple instrument shown here

LEARN TO BRAN UVO actor

permits a wide variation of resistance, # _ That today there are over and may be readily made. The switch 100 different types of Mi- is made up from an old record and . ese ba et o 6 to 8 weeks personal training here will quality some screws, as shown. 3 many years Ol study an Zscchanie. "Big Gemand tor our, ened mat If a small disk record is used as a | improvement? ‘| base, the contacts should be made of " This information is told in short screws, which can be heated and a most interesting way in our latest booklet, ‘‘ The Microm- eter’s Story.” After reading it you will understand why BROWN & SHARPE Machinists’ Toois are recognized throughout the world as the machinists’ favorite.

Get a Copy of Our Complete Wireless Catalog and Order All of Your RADIO MATERIAL... Deor mann, From One Source of Supply ana Save Trouble Send 25c for a copy of Wireless Manual ana Catalog A 12 - You cannot get satisfaction from wireiess in><ruments unless they are absolutely perfect. The slightest imper- fection in construction destroys their efficiency. We offer for sale wireless apparatus only of the highest quality, guaranteed to be mechanically and electrically pe ° Our combined Manual .and -Catalog illustrates and accurately describes the tises of standard radio instru- |. ments and should be of great assistance, not only to the amateur but to the professional user and experimenter in ng proper radio material : WE MAKE A CHARGE OF 25C FOR THIS MANUAL, ISSUING A CouPON OR MORE. If you are interested we will send you a copy of the booklet along with our catalog No. 28 which lists over 1000 tools. Brown & SharpeMfgCo ; Providence, RI.

Manhattan Electrical Supply Company, Inc. : sr ’ _.New York, 17 Park Place St. Louis, 1106 Pine St. This simple grid-leak, permitting a wide

151

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Ce er eae Ee ae ee —- Ainge Sep TIC % ' CAR i ck ae Mn CS TO CNA nt wats enti ae a tt . _ Sais acti. ena acon oe ais eR EE Chisel and Punch Auto Kit Pen is & BaT Neer About the handiest and most useful little kit the motorist, machinist, or mechanic can possess. Twelve tools, each 5 inches long, made of oc- tagon steek, Swedish an- alysis point 80 carbon steel—absolutely the best steel for the purpose. The kit contains : 2 cold chisels 2 cape chisels 1 half-round cape chisel 1 diamond point chisel 2 machinist pin punches 1 center punch 2 solid punches In your next repair work figure out how frequently you would use this set if you had it. You can get it from your dealer, or send $3.00 to us direct. Booklet of Mechanics’ Tools on request SMITH & HEMENWAY CO., Inc. 264 Broadway, New York embedded in the record in such a way that they will not come loose. Each contact is connected with the next by a cotton string, which is soaked in ‘drawing ink several times until the desired range of resistance is ob- tained. Suitable binding-posts are fitted, and the necessary contact arm with its knob mounted in the center of the record.—R. U. CLARK, 3rd. Making a Vacuum-Tube Control Panel HOSE who are interested. in vacuum-tube work realize the value of flexibility in control panels. The panel described is adapted to all A portable vacuum-tube cabinet with external grid-leak connections _ the experiments that may be per- formed with a tube, and guards it against breakage. It is designed es- pecially for the audiotron, but, with slight changes, may be adapted to any make of bulb. The completed panel and case are shown above. A case made of Y4-in. quarter-sawed oak or other suitable dry wood, 9 by 5 by 4 in., Shows inside of above portable cabinet with socket adapt-. able to any style of audion varnished, will: serve. The cover should be hinged, and a small handle may be attached. The other picture shows the tube mounted in the case, with the filament, grid, and plate leads hooked to their respective binding-posts. Slight vari- ations will have to be made for other makes of tubes than the audiotron. Grid leak ,and condenser may be hooked in. at: will. This. panel sheuld prove particu- larly useful to those who are doing experimental. work where frequent changes of connections become neces- sary. —Harry W. HANz. 152 Popular Science Monthly Use Your Head The man who succeeds is the man who uses his head. These practical books will put you on thé road to success. Means Money to You The most valuable techno-chemical formule book published, including over 10,000 selected scientific, chemi- cal, technological and practical recipes and processes is the Twentieth Century Book of Recipes, Formulas, and Processes This book of 800 pages, gives thousands of recipes for the manu- facture of valuable articles for every- day use. Hints, helps, practical ideas and secret processes are re- vealed within its pages. It covers every branch of the useful arts and tells thousands of ways of making money. Cloth binding. Price, post- paid, $4.00. Getting a Good Job By Charles R. Barrett A practical solution of the problem of fitting the right man to the right place, based upon the experi- ence and practice of some of the most successful employers, employment managers and employment agentsin the country. It is specially designed to show the employe how to utilize his training and experience to the best advantage when seeking employment or promotion. It explains the basis upon which men are hired or promoted, describes successful methods of going after a job, and gives much practical informa- tion regarding advertising for a situation, writing letters of application that bring results, and making, a favorable impression in a personal interview. Chapters include such subjects as: “‘The Right Place,” “Training and Experience,” ok Personality Counts, ” “Salary Expected,” “Going Afterthe Job, “ Applying by Letter,” ‘“*Employment Agencies,” “Applying in Person,” “The First Job,” “The Employment Manager” and ‘‘ Winning Promotion.” Your chance of promotion—Capitalize your record— Selling out to a competitor—tTrial promotions— Employers pay for efficiency—Get your employer's advice—Lines of promotion. Price, postpaid, $1.15 Automobile Repairshop Shortcuts 1500 Kinks This book contains over 1,500 time and labor saving methods and devices that have proven ex- ceptionally helpful in repairing or adjusting engine clutches, gear-sets, running gears and bodies, etc., and in managing and equipping shops. Mere gim- cracks and novelties that have no practical value have been omitted. Every word is simple and to the point; and the whole book is gotten up with the ‘idea of enabling the good mechanic to become a better one by utilizing the experiences of others who may possibly have devised quicker methods of doing the work than he is now using. Progress comes largely from experience, and here is the opportunity to study the methods: of over five thousand experts who were all striving to find a better wer to do some job-and to shorten the time required to do it. More than 1,500 illustrations. Cloth binding. Price, postpaid, $3. 50. Make Potencs—Mske Money Perfumes and Cosmetics, Their Preparation and Manuf ac- ture. By G. W. ASKINSON. A comprehensive treatise, in which there has been nothing omitted that could be of value to the perfumer or manufacturer of toilet preparations. Complete directiuns for making hand- kerchief perfumes, smelling-salts, sachets, fumigating pastiles; preparations for the care of the skin, the mouth, the hair, cosmetics, hair dyes and other toilet articles are given, alsoa detailed description of aro- matic substances; their: nature,.tests of purity, and wholesale manufacture, including a chapter on syn- thetic products, with formulas for their use. A book of general, as well as professional interest, meeting the wants not only of the druggist and perfume manufac- turer, but also of the general — Nearly 400 pages, illustrated. Price, postpaid, $5.00 Book Department POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 225 West 39th Street New York on aioe fi a,

Page 131

June, 1920 A Simple Sandpaper-Holder for Carpenters ARPENTERS, and other people whose work involves much smoothing, will find very useful a block such as is shown herewith, which will hold the sandpaper and allow the . sheets to be changed. Two blocks of hard wood of suffi- cient size are hinged together at one end. Near the hinge on the upper

Just snap the sandpaper beneath this block and you have a holder for sand- papering whenever you have the desire block is fastened a round knob for a hand-hold. At the opposite end of the blocks is fastened a stiff spring of the shape indicated, with a hole in the lower end which will snap in place over a metal pin in the lower block. This holds the blocks tightly together but they can be separated by unsnap- ping the spring. Drive several little brads in the bottom face of the upper block and file off the heads so that they will be pointed. Place a sheet of sandpaper around the bottom block and bring the ends up, lapping them over the top of it. Then snap the top block down in place and the sharpened brads will be forced through the paper and will assist in holding it firmly in place. When this paper is used up, a new piece can be quickly inserted.—L. B. ROBBINS. A Battery-Connector of - Sheet Metal BATTERY-CONNECTOR made of sheet metal is a necessity where the batteries receive rough usage and the insulation is liable to constant wearing. A connector that can be quickly constructed is here illustrated.

i< 8 . 42 Make your battery connectors of thin copper or brass. They last twice as long as the ordinary kind of connectors Cut out a piece of thin copper, brass, or tin about 4% in. long, and % in. wide. At each end cut slots across the width of the metal and about the shape indicated. Have them on opposite sides. Round the ends and then wrap all the piece except the slotted ends with electric tape. Several of these connectors in the tool-kit will be found very useful in emergency cases and they will last forever.—WINDSOR CROWELL.

Sargent Framing — Squares ARGENT Steel Framing Squares are the only squares which will calculate the lengths and cuts of Hip, Valley, Jack and Common rafters, without any figuring on the part of the carpenter. Sargent Framing Squares are made of the finest tocl steel and tested for trueness and accuracy. Made in & nine dependable finishes. §& Ask for a Sargent Framing [) egg Square No. 500 series. i

Ask any carpenter UST ask any carpenter who - has used one, what he thinks of the Sargent Auto-Set Bench Plane. He will tell you that it’s a superior plane in every respect. It cuts fast and cuts true, without ‘any chatter. The capiron and clamp are fitted together as one piece, with a set-screw to regulate the position. Another set-screw adjusts the cutter. It may be taken down for whetting in a few seconds and assembled as quickly. Cutter and cap iron go back into exactly the same position as before. Made in six sizes; smooth or corru- gated bottom; fore, jack, smooth or jJointer patterns. Descriptive booklet on request. SARGENT & COMPANY Hardware Manufacturers 50 Water Street New Haven, Conn.

A Newly Invented S$ AW gute Wit saw your winter’s wood in a few witty and then you can make

OTTAWA A SAW RIG Rega eteen iret Soren

Days’ Trials 10 Year Guarantee. 30 month for you to prove our claims, Wits ton Pane OTTAWA MANGFAG TURING COMPANY me

Page 132

} j oi they are “lost, strayed, or stolen.” This policy is a good one, and the usual procedure of stamping the initials of the owner on the metal with a center-punch, or otherwise recording them in a _ conspicuous place, is all right so long as the party accidentally or purposely coming into possession of the tools has no evil in- tentions. However, if the missing article is ‘“‘borrowed”’ by one of those individuals never averse to adding to their tool collections at the expense of others, it is simply introduced to an emery-wheel or file, and the evidence of former ownership is lost. Now, if one takes the trouble to mark his tools at all, why not put the marks where they are least con- spicuous, or better still, where they cannot be seen at all unless some part of the tool is first removed? Take, for instance, the usual form of Stillson wrench with the removable wooden handle. It takes but a few moments to remove the nut, slip off the handle, mark the tool, and replace the handle and nut again; and it’s just ten to one the other fellow won’t think of looking under that handle for identification marks. The handle of a hand-saw can likewise be easily removed and re- placed and many other valuable tools offer convenient hiding-places for the owner’s initials.—J. A. WEAVER. This Obliging Engine Pumps Water at a Distance LTHOUGH firmly boltec to its bed in the basement, a small gasoline-engine has been pumping water from a pump in the back yard CROSS-BEAM 5

HM! = END OF ROD FLATTENED ENGINE IN BASEMENT

No need to have the engine on the scene of operation if you connect it as shown for two years on a certain southern farm. The illustration shows how the pump and engine were connected. A hole was drilled through the con- crete foundation on a line with the end of the line-shaft already arranged in the basement near the wall. A number of 6 by 6 posts were then set in the ground on a line with the shaft, and extending to a point in line with the pump. The posts were bored with a 2-in. auger. A piece of 2-in. gas- pipe served as. a shaft; it.was secured to the end of the line-shaft: in the basement, and provided. with a pit+ man atthe other end. This was then ~ 154

Popular Science Monthly (gm \ICanShip YourEngine| ( or Saw Rig

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You Can Earn Ay (i> V with This NEW MACHINE Make $3,000 a year and F more tostart. You need no ex- rience. Open a Tire Repair Shop with Haywood Equipment. Let the money rell in. amps) grows — ee oe A. — man r, very auto tires to mend. Demand for your work ahead of supply. SEND FOR BIG FREE BOOK This gives all the facts. Tells how to start. _—— * nee. A — able ie to riches and we Sarl prer A postal will do. Get your FREE copy. HAYWOOD TIRE & EQUIPMENT COMPANY Indianapolis,

Wireless Transformers cover maximum distance with small condensers. Write for Bulletin P. 8S. today The Packard Electric Company Warren Ohio Sales offices in all principal cities ASBESTOS We are miners and shippers of Crude Asbestos in any quantity. We produce all grades at our world famous BELL ASBESTOS MINES, in Canada. We also card fibres. spin yarns, weave cloths, and make all sorts of Asbestos products. For anything you want in Asbestos. turn to KEASBEY & MATTISON COM ANY Dept. S-4. AMBLER. PENNA., U. S. A. Owners of the world’s largest Asbestos Mines Pilliod TOOL CASES EXCEL Machinists, Tool Makers and Carpe: mters find them most ‘ tory in traction, appearance, service and price. Immediate shipment. Booklet describing 20 styles on request. The Pilliod Lumber Co. Dept. A, Swanton, Ohie

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June, 1920 connected with a cross-beam made of a 2 by 6 piece of hard wood long enough to reach from a point over the pitman to the pump shaft; it was connected by a stiff iron rod and strap-irons. Adjusting the length of the pitman and the bearing in the middle of the cross-arm regulated the stroke of the pump. It was only necessary to start the engine in the basement, and in a moment water was flowing from the pump to the trough or wherever else it was desired.—DALE VAN HORN. To Make a Block of Timber Serve as a Vise F no commercial saw-clamp is avail- able when the saw is to be sharp- ened, a makeshift arrangement is pos- sible. Rip a block of timber open with OF

Saw open a plank, insert the saw, clamp with two pegs, and you will have a saw-vise the saw; insert the saw, back down- ward into the groove; drive two wooden wedges in-to hold the imple- ment securely. The block may be nailed to the end of a work-bench. The saw-clamp—the product of me- chanical forethought—is complete. . Detachable Poster-Boards for Motor-Trucks NE enterprising agent for a mo- ‘tion-picture concern advertised recent picture releases by pasting the posters on detachable boards which fitted on the-sides of his truck. ““Woodén. holders, or cleats, were

POSTER BOARD HOLDERS

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Why paste posters all over the sides of ' your truck? Make removable boards and change the posters when necessary screwed to the back of the poster- board, these being so shaped as to permit their fitting over a board pro- jecting from the side ‘of the body. In this way the boards were set in place and removed at will. Doesn’t this idea‘ Sugeest & way to: increase your business? | _

Oo ¢cU 250% More Work In power hack sawing, compound acts more asa coolant than as a lubricant. Cutting heats. the blade, and the purpose of the compound is to prevent the temper of the blade being drawn. A few drops of oil or a scanty flow of compound simply tends to hold the chips in the cut and is frequently responsible for broken blades. Whatever you are using for a coolant, compound, or water, see to it that the work is flooded except when cutting iron castings. If you use com- pound, keep it thin and well agitated. Actual tests have proven that the use of compound will increase the amount of work accomplished by 250 per cent. Get a copy of the Starrett Hack Saw Chart“W”, pickthe right blade, put on the weight, see to it your S. P. M. are right — and watch your cutting cost decrease. THE-L. S. STARRETT CO The World’s Greatest Toolmakers ” Manufacturers of Hack Saws Unexcelled ATHOL, MASS.

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Edgeholding SIMONDS knives are made of steel containing the finest alloys the world produces—Simonds Steel. They have an edge-hold- ing quality which minimizes the necessity for grinding and re- sharpening. The SIMONDS methods of hardening, tempering, straight- ening, grinding and balancing are the result of practical knowl- edge acquired through 88 years’ experience. Just specify What kind of knife What kind of machine What kind of work Simonds Manufacturing Co. Fitchburg, Mass. “The Saw Makers, Established 1832 Chicago, Ill. New York City Portland, Ore. Lockport, N. Y. New Orleans, La. San Francisco, Cal. Vancouver, B. C. London, Eng. Montreal, Que. Memphis, Tenn. Seattle, Wash. St. John, N. B. When You Get Down and Get Under HO of us hasn’t spent hours lying on a greasy floor be- neath a broken-down automobile? Once was enough for the writer, and so he built the automobile repair creep2r

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+ as wy —_ = I'x3 $ [ese] _< a 3-0" ZF i" SWIVEL CASTERS You can’t turn the automobile over, so you must lie under it. This creeper protects you from the greasy floor shown in the accompanying diagram. The diagram is self-explanatory and needs no detailed information to de- scribe it. The creeper provides a convenient method of rolling yourself under the car to be repaired. It is easily and cheaply made. easily made, too, especially where the chassis bolts and nuts or the crankcase have to be removed.—P. P. AVERY. Alining the Centers on a Lathe F the lathe centers are even a very little out of alinement, accurate work becomes difficult, if not impos- sible. Nor is it always an easy matter to determine by mere observation whether the alinement is correct or not. The eyes deceive and make the points appear opposite when in reality they are not in line. A rough, and at the same time a rather delicate gage for testing the alinement may be constructed in the manner shown in the diagram. An iron

ted If the lathe centers are correctly alined, the distance A will not vary as the gage is turned bar is used, with an enlargement at one end through which a hole is drilled, countersunk at both openings. Into these openings the lathe centers are adjusted, with a pressure about equal to that normally exerted when working. The conditions are now ready for the test. Simply turn the gage slowly about the axis of the centers and measure the distance from the end of the bar to the face-plate of the lathe. If this distance; A, remains constant, 156

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June, 1920 ‘he centers are correctly alined; if the distance varies, the centers are out of alinement. So many young men take shop work nowadays that some of them will no doubt be interested in making the test - in order to learn what degree of accu- racy to expect.—H. C. RIDGELY. How to Make a Quick and Lasting Pipe Repair -TSUALLY it is. at the most awk- ward moments that accidents occur. It was at such a moment that without warning one of our steam- pipes burst. It was impossible to shut it down at the time, for that would have entailed considerable loss; so our handy man rigged up the scheme shown in the illustration. He took a two-part clamp, A, and An emergency repair for a leaky pipe if made this way will last a long time placed in this a bent piece of thin iron, B. Next to the piece of iron he placed a piece of .packing,. close to the hole, C, in the pipe. He then drove the complete arrangement on with his hammer and tightened up on the bolts, D. This made a good solid repair until we had time to put in a new piece of pipe.—J. H. MOORE. How to Make Quick, Smooth Erasures Without Swearing T is a remarkable fact based on wide observation, that about one drafts- man in five hundred knows the proper way. to make an ink erasure on paper or tracing cloth, though the proper way is absurdly simple. The average draftsman wrestles with his eraser murmuring oaths at himself for making | his error. He wonders why he must rub hard and long till ‘his. paper or |: cloth wears thin or tears through; why the erasure is so uneven; why the cloth stretches and leaves a _ bad- looking spot. It apparently never occurs to him that his drawing-board, covered with thumb-tack perforations, presents avery irregular surface upon which the paper or cloth is unevenly pressed by the erasing operation. What. is required for a successful erasure is a smooth, hard surface to bear upon. A sheet of glass is probably the best expedient but if this is un- obtainable every draftsman may at least insert his celluloid triangle under his paper or cloth at the spot where the operation is to be made.—C. NYE. erele DUE GOODELL-PRADL COMPANY. PRATT Universal Caliper Three Tools in One This useful. tool takes the place of an inside caliper, outside caliper, and a depth gauge. - You do not have to change tools. You can take either an English or a metric reading as soon as the measurement is made. The jaws may be locked in any desired position by a thumb-screw. : With the Universal Caliper you can make any inside, outside, or depth measurement to 4 inches or 10 centi- meters. It is graduated on one side in sixteenths of an inch, and on the other side in millimeters. The jaws can be easily adjusted to compensate for wear. Length over all, 734 inches. Price, $2.50 ‘This useful tool has all the merits which distinguish the 1500 different Goodell-Pratt Tools. Ask your dealer to show you this Universal Caliper, or write us for a complete description of this cr any other tool.

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7 cans: a ns aimee leer 4 ee ae aka Pacer peeerninn ioe Deere eA ee arr eet es te ea z abet 4 myo eng pa OF ~ : nen a de nennett pence ee) ito nase cet ee E. McCarty. Forge Foreman years’ continuous service Superior Craftsmanship produces Superior Drop-F orgings HE old-time smith at his anvil was justly proud of his skill—as proud as a Williams’ man of his greater achievements. For it-is not modern machines, alone, power- ful and efficient tho they be, but true craftsmanship that is responsible for the quality of Williams’ Superior Drop-Forgings. And this highly developed, technical skill is not acquired ina day—it is not a mush- room growth. Tho serving an apprentice- ship of years before he is considered to have developed the required standard of expert- ness as a drop-forger, a craftsman who has worked in Williams’ plant for fifteen years is considered a mere youngster to many with records of twenty-five, thirty or even thirty- five years’ continuous service. The personal pride of achievement is theirs,—pride in their skill in every process, in the dexterity that controls the earth-shak- ing blows of the mighty six ton steam drop- hammers or the buzzing cutters of the little hand milling machines—the skill that, for nearly half a century has maintained the high standard of Williams’ product. J. H. WILLIAMS & CO. ‘‘The Drop-Forging Pecple’’ 7 So. Clinton St., Chicago, IIl. 7. Vulcan St., Buffalo, N. Y. 7 Richards St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Williams’ Superior Drop-Forged Clamps Ask for a free copy of our Machinists’ Tools Book Ge 2 a I for every purpose electrical medical bat- teries and testing: instruments are ‘manufactured, considerable quantities of small brass nuts of varying sizes and threads are used. These nuts are of the punched _ variety, and the —& process whereby — they are tapped — outwith rapidity E and slight ex- — pense is interest- ing. The tapping is done in a drill- press, by the aid of a “long tap” with a shank several inches in length, and an easily madejigto guide the nuts under the tap and hold them in position. This jig consists of a rectangular block of cast-iron about 1 in. thick, with one side planed off smooth and square. A hole of the proper size to admit the tap with a little play, is drilled through the block at a point in the center of the width of the block and close to one end of its length. Narrow, flat strips of steel, slightly thicker than the material used for the nuts, are screwed to the face of the block with machine screws in the manner depicted in the illustra- tion. The two short strips adjacent to the hole are spaced so that the nut to be tapped will slide easily through the space between them. When the nut is against the back strip, it should be properly centered, the hole in nut and block being in alinement. The two longer guide-strips fan out to pro- vide a space where a number of the nuts can be placed, so that they can be slid one by one with ease and rapidity into the narrow portion and up against the back strip. The action resembles having the nuts in a hopper and feed- ing them singly under the tap. In operation, the cast-iron block is securely clamped to the drill-press table so that the hole in the block is directly under the tap. The spindle of the drill-press is run at a moderate speed, and a quantity of nuts is dumped into the hopper-like space between the guide-strips. With one hand, one nut at a time is slid into position over the hole in the block; with the other hand, the drill-press spindle is operated. After the threaded portion of the tap has passed through the nut, the nut will slide up on the shank of the tap. This will continue until the shank of the tap is full of nuts Tight. up-te.the jaws of the chuck;- then CHUCK — SS ~— CAST-IRON BLOCK Here is a novel way for tapping small metal pieces in a rapid drill-press chuck.and the tapped-nuts stripped off the tap into a waiting receptacle. From 20 to 30 nuts can be tapped be- fore it is necessary to strip this tap, 158 Popular Science Monthly Tapping Small Pieces in a Drill-Press N acertain shop where By John A. Weaver the number of nuts de- pending of course on the | length of the tap. The threads will not be perfect unless the pressure used in feeding the tap against the work is rather light; usually the weight of the handle operating the feed of the spindle is sufficient. As there is no slow and tedious backing out of the tap after going through a nut, this scheme is a real time-saver. After a little prac- tice, anyone can very easily turn out perfect nuts with considerable speed. It is obvious that the scheme will be effective also for tapping many small pieces other than nuts. A Homemade Stand for the Machinist’s Tools USEFUL stand for holding the small tools and appliances that accumulate in any shop is easily made as here shown. The plan has the ad- vantage that it permits of extension, so that it can be made as large as desired within reasonable limits. The stand is built around a central support of common pipe and fittings. The only fittings required are short pieces of pipe, or long nipples, and flanges. Have the pipe-fitter run a tap through the flanges, so that the pipe can be screwed in from either side, and have the pipe threaded at both ends. For the bottom section use .a.-short piece of pipe or a long nipple, and screw it into a flange on the flat side. -Attach another flange to the first by means of a close nipple, turning the flange so that the flat side faces the opposite way from the first flange. To the second flange fasten a shelf, which may be of any desired shape. Make a hole in the center of the shelf large enough for the- pipe to pass through, and screw in a second section of pipe; then put on another - flange, another shelf, and so on until there are as many shelves as desired. Put hooks in the edges of the shelves for such tools as can be hung. up; the others may be placed on the shelves. A ledge around the shelves will prevent the tools. from sliding off. Flanges may be obtained already drilled for- screws. i} To support the stand The stand is @#nd permit it to re- built around a. volve, sink a flange in central sup- the bench at the point = peobigess where the stand is to a few fittings be placed, and rearn or . file out ‘the-threads so the short piece of pipe at the bottom of the central support will pass through easily, though with no looseness. Be Bo OPT: | sure-to-place'the bench flange with the »the tap must. be removed from the : flat side up. :-It will probably be neces- sary to level th. surfaces of the flanges with: a-file to. make them ~ work smoothly together. The dimensions are arbitrarv.

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En Wes ¥ 5 3 , Kelle ae gy: e GERM MERE BE ig Ws ek tg gp ike, Pe June, 1920 g With the Victrola and Victor Records f SRK you hear the greatest artists just as they wish to be heard Your interpretation of a piece of music may be in itself a highly artistic achievement, but not if superimposed on the interpreta- tion of a master. It then would be neither one thing nor the other. The Victrola is equipped with doors so that the volume of tone may be regulated to suit varying conditions. They are not in- tended to be used in imposing amateur “interpretations” upon those of the world’s greatest ar- tists, for that would be to lose the very thing you seek—the finest known interpretations of music. A Victor Record of Caruso is Caruso himself—provided always that some less qualified person shall not tamper with what the artist himself has done. Victrolas $25 to $1500. Victor dealers everywhere. New Victor Records on sale at all dealers on the Ist of each month. -VICTROLA REG VU S PAT OFF Victrola XVII, $350 Victrola XVII, electric, $415 Mahogany or oak is a trademarked word which identi- fies products manufactured by the This trademark and the trademarked word “Victrola” identify all our products, Look Victor Talking Machine Co. %x7exe VICTOR TALKING MACHINE CO. Camden, New Jersey Camden, N. }.

Page 138

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ae eS ge nse tena coaaaeey ASEGReaeee aaanssaae a - “s-02o tne i SAREE ab Ceo ee ae Se sr ms ‘ seitevcnrenn stone tenia at wRaoeanp ai pablo fe

canamiiprevon PRES, Tt A I

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Popular Science Monthly

Popular Science Monthly JUNE, 1920 | Volume 96-No. 6

CONTENTS AERONAUTICS “*Reaching the Ceiling’’ on the Ground........ 25 A Double-Decker Airplane. .................. 35 ROR RRE ID EINER ios 5.5 005.5 o.0 os sis.e sean 43 Oe SN ee 61 ee oe 62 FOR THE FARMER Killing Weeds by Steam. .................045 26 Digging 50,000 Trees a Day.................. 42 Scarecrow Guardians of the Cherry-Tree....... 43 ef 6 eS ee ee ee ore Weighing Crops in the Field..... ........... 45 Keep Hens from Setting at the Wrong Time.. 67 Baths for Wheat Keep It Healthy............ 68 MpONING WNIIONE, 5 5 ooo 5.65 ecco See se se 66 HOUSEKEEPING MADE EASY eg, OS a ee 52 Making the Fly-Paper Stick to Business ....... 62 The Breakfast that Won’t Get Cold........... 63 Fanning Flies to Destruction.............. 65 INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS Submerge the Pump and Save the Sinking Ship.. 25 A Folding Fan Increases Air Currents......... 34 Working Miracles in Your Own Business....... 37 Making Crates of the Once Useless Cottonwood 41 Canned Heat for the Soldering-Iron........... 44 Laying a Roof by Machine Saves Time...... . 46 This Searchlight Melts Lead................ 50 Satety Devices to Guard the Power-Press Worker 52 Clearing the Railway Right of Way........... 53 He Got Ten Thousand Dollars for an Idea...... 55 One Canal Dives Under Another............ 58 A Giant with the Touch of a Child............ 60 Taking the Sting Out of the Bullet............ 40 Turn the Table and Lock It.................. 65 Rewards for Cleanliness Bring Quick Results... 66 How Money Can be Made from the Scrap-Pile.. 66 Making Bamboo Needles for the Phonograph.. 66 — Cutting through Steel Ship-Plates Under Water 69 Harnessing the Sun’s Rays..............-000- 72 Rai Bnet OEE TUE 5 oo sc 58 wie s voce 090 os 74 Return Empty Crates for Refilling............ 75 Carry a Light About Without Holding It...... 76 IA een TIE © 5. 0s Sc ce Sec sein Bee ee ar 76 Filling Without Spilling. ... <2 0:03 cccsctecees 77 Waar Tine ARR MUIR 66.5 oa ows Sele cece <n 84 pee eg. Eo 86 (Continued on page 4)

Copyright, 1920, by the Modern Publishing Company PoPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY is issued monthlv. Yearly subscription in the United States. $3.00. Canada, $3.50. Foreign, $4.00. Single copy, 25 cents. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY may be had at all news- stands in the United States and Canada; also from the International News Company, London, and at Bren- tano’s, Paris. Advertising rates on appiication. Forms close the twentieth of the second month preceding date of publication. Entered as second-class matter Dec. 28, 1915, at the Post Office at New York under the act of March 3, 1879. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office Department, Canada. The contents of this magazine are copyrighted - and must not be reprinted without permission. H. J. Fisher, President; R. C. Wilson, Vice-President; O. B, Capen, Secretary and Treasurer. Modern Publishing Company 25 West Thirty-ninth St. New York City

: 3]

Page 139

June, 1920 A Startling Memory Feat hat “You Can Do How I learned the secret in one evening. It has helped me every day HEN my old friend Faulkner invited me to a dinner party at his house, I little thought it would be the direct means of getting mea one-hundred-and-fifty per cent increase in salary. Yet it was, and here is the way it all came about. Toward the close of the evening things began to drag a bit, as they often do at parties. Finally some one suggested the old idea of having everyone do a “‘stunt.” Some sang, others forced weird sounds out of the piano, recited, told stories, and so on. Then it came to Macdonald’s turn. He was a quiet sort of chap, with an air about him that reminded one of the old saying that “still waters run deep.’’ He said he had a simple ‘‘stunt” which he hoped we would like. He selected me to assist him. First he asked to be blindfolded securely to prove there was no trickery in it. Those present were to call out twenty-five numbers of three figures each, such as 161, 249, and so on. He asked me to write down the numbers as they were called. This was done. Macdonald then astounded everyone by repeating the entire list of twenty-five numbers backwards and_for- wards. Then he asked people to request numbers by positions, such as the eighth number called, the fourth number, and so on. Instantly he repeated back the exact number in the position called. He did this with the entire list—over and over again, without making a single mistake. Then Macdonald asked that a deck of cards be shuffled and called out to him in their order. This wasdone. Still blindfolded, he instantly named the cards in their order backwards and forwards. And then to further amaze us, he gave us the number of any card counting from the top, or the card for any number. You may well imagine our amazement at Macdonald’s remarkable feat. You naturally expect to see a thing of this sort on the stage, even then you look upon it as a trick. But to see it done by an everyday business man, in plain view of everyone, blindfolded and under conditions which make trickery im- possible, is astonishing, to say the least. O* the way home that night I asked Macdonald how. it was done. He said there was really nothing to it —simply a memory feat, the key to which anyone could easily learn in one evening. Then he told me that the reason most people have bad memories is because ‘they leave memory development to chance. Anyone could do what he had done, and develop a good mem- ory, he said, by following a few simple rules. And then he told me exactly how to do it. At the time I little thought that evening would prove to be one of the most eventiu! in my life, but such it proved to be. What Macdonald told me I took to heart. In one evening I made remarkable striacs toward improving my memory and it was but a question of days before I learned to do exactly what he had done. At first I amused myself with my new-found ability by amazing people at parties. My ‘‘memory feat,” as my friends called it, surely made a hit. Everyone was talking about it, and I was showered with invitations for all sorts of affairs. If anyone were to ask me how quickly to develop social popularity, I would tell him to learn my memory ‘‘feat”— but that is apart from what I want to tell you. The most gratifying thing about the improvement of my memory was the remarkable way it helped me in business. Much to my surprise I dis- covered that my memory training had literally put a razor edge on my brain. My brain had become clearer, quicker, keener. I felt that I was fast acquiring that men- tal grasp and alert- ness I had so often admired in men who were spoken of as “wonders” and “geniuses.” The next thing I noticed was a marked improve- ment in my con- versational powers. ‘Formerly my talk was halting and disconnected. I never could think of things to say until the conversa- tion was over. And then, when it was too late, I would always think of apt {and striking things I “might have said.” But now I can think like a sh. When I am talking I never have to hesitate for the right word, the right expres- sion or the right thing to say. It seems that all I have to dois to start to talk instantly I find myself saying the very thing I want tosay to make the greatest im- pression on people. It wasn’t long before my new-found ability to re- member things and to say the right thing at the right time attracted the attention of our president. - He got in the habit of calling me in whenever he wanted facts about the business. As he expressed himself to me, “You can always tell me instantly what I want to know, while the other fellows annoy me by dodging out of the office and saying ‘I'll look it up.’ "” * *¢ *& k & FOUND that my ability to remember helped I me wonderfully in dealing with other people, particularly in committee meetings. When a discussion opens up the man who can back up his statements quickly with a string of definite facts and figures usually dominates the others. Time and time again I have won people to my way of thinking simply because I could instantly recall facts and figures. While I’m proud of my triumphs in this respect, I often feel sorry for the ill-at-ease look of the other men who cannot hold up their end in the argument because they cannot recall facts instantly. It seems as though I never forget anything. Every fact I now ut in my mind is as clear and as easy to recall stantly as though it were writte1 before me in plain black and white. We all hear a lot about the importance of sound judgment. People who ought to know say that a man cannot begin to exercise sound judgment until he is forty to fifty years of age. But I have disproved all that. I have found that sound judgment is nothing more than the ability to weigh and judge facts in their relation to each other. Memory is the basis of sound judgment. I am only thirty-two, but many times I have been complimented on having the judgment of a man of forty-five. I take no personal credit for this —it Js all due to the way I trained my memory. * * * & * HESE are only a few of the hundreds of ways I have profited by my trained memory. No longer do I suffer the humiliation of meeting men I know and not being able to recall their names. The moment I see a man his name flashes to my mind, together with a string of facts about him. I always liked to read but usually forgot most of it. Now I find it easy to recall what I have read. Another sur- prising thing is that I can now master a subject in considerably less time than before. Price lists, market quotations, data of all kinds, I can recall in detail almost at will. I rarely make a mistake. My vocabulary, too, has increased wonderfully. Whenever I see a striking word or expression, | mem- orize it and use it in my dictation or conversation. This has put a remarkable sparkle and pulling power into my conversation and business letters. And the remarkable part of it all is that I can now do my day’s work quicker, and with much less effort, simply be- cause my mind works like a flash and I do not have to keep stopping to look things up. All this is extremely satisfying to me,“of course. 3 But the best part of it all is that since my memory power first attracted the attention of our president, my salary has steadily been increased. Today it is many times greater than it was the day Macdonald got me interested in improving my memory. W "rine Macdonald told me that eventful eve- ning was this: ‘Get the Roth Memory Course."’ I did. That is how I learned to do all the remarkable thingsI have told youabout. The publishers of the Roth Memory Course—the Inde- pendent Corporation—are so confident that it will also show you how to develop a remarkable memory that they will gladly send the Course to you on approval. You need not pay a single penny until you have ex- amined the Course and found that it fully lives up to all the claims made for it. Send no money. Merely mail the coupon or write a letter, and the complete Course will be sent to. you instantly, all charges pre- paid. If after examination you decide that you do not want to keep the Course, then return it and you will owe nothing. On the other hand, if you find, as thou- sands of others have found, that the Roth Memory Course will do wonders for you, then merely send seven dollars in full payment. You have always wanted a good memory. Now you can haveit. Remember, you pay no money until you have proved that the Course will benefit you. You have everything to gain and nothing to lose by taking immediate action. So mail the coupon NOW before this liberal offer is withdrawn. Independent Cospatation, Dept. R-776, 319 Sixth Avenue, New ork. Free Examination Coupon INDEPENDENT CORPORATION Publishers of The Independent Weekly _ Dept. R-776, 319 Sixth Avenue, New York You may send me the Course or Courses checked below. Within five days after receipt I will either remail the course (or courses) or sead you price in- dicated after each in full payment, Roth Memory Course ($7). By David M. Roth. Mastery of Speech ($7). By Frederick Houk Law. How to Read Character at Sight ($7). By Dr. K. M. H_ Blackford. Super-Salesmanship $7). By Arthur Newcomb. Practical Course in Personal Efficiency ($7). By Edward Earle Purinton. Ferrin Home-Account System ($3.50). By Wesley W. Ferrin. Paragon Shorthand Course ($7). The Lederer Art Course ($6.50) By Charles Lederer. Independent Weekly ($5). (52 issues—I5c per copy.) OOOOOO00D

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Drawing Outfit

Every student of the Chica- go “Tech” Home s , Study — . Course in Deatemanehip receives this draw- ing outfit—set of instruments in case, drawing board, T square, triangles, scale, curve, drawing paper, pencils, etc., or a cash credit in case he already has an outfit. These instruments are of the same make and sizes as used by high salaried experts in drafting rooms of factories, shops, railroads, etc. You use them while learning—then- take them right into your practical work. NOTE: Enrolled with Chicago ‘Tech’ you have the personal direc- tion of practical engineers, builders and architects who teach you the methods they use in their own work. No useless theories, no time wasted. You are prepared stand beside old, oxpertenees, men. Bie advantage to learn from a staff like this— every Man a specialist.

Come to the College or TRAIN at HOME Wherever you are you can have this Chicago ‘‘Tech” training. Complete instruction by mail. Exercises, lessons, personal direction of our experts right in your own home if you cannot come to the college for a resident course. Send the Coupon and get the facts. CHICAGO TECHNICAL COLLEGE, 631 Chicage ‘“‘Tech”’ Building, Chicago Without obligation on me, send your Catal Gicated below. Also F or Plan Read Mark X opposite work in which you are especially interested O Architectural Drafting O) Machine Drafting O) Electrical Drafting C) Structural Draft.ng C) Sheet Metal Drafting C) Builders’ Course 0) Plan-Readi C) Estimating O) Surveying PRET OHH eee ee eseee oe rospec / iidiristehessante and manufacturing to expand to meet home and foreign needs—which means plenty of draftsmen. T \ is the quickest, easiest way to become a x (yf draftsman in spare time while you hold \ a your present position. you pay a penny. (See free lesson offer below.) Send coupon. Learn how to earn $25 to $100 a Week or More at interesting work with opportunities to rise tosuperintendent, manager, or other executive positions. EE Lesson, if inquiry is on Drafting C) Pian-Reading—Shop Men C) Aeronautics ' All about C) Autos and Gas Engines Bigger Income

a demand in t. War tae

ood positions for eup this paying pr pro- The Chicago ‘‘Tech’’ method Y\\ That proved before \ Let the Chicago‘‘Tech’’engineers train you At least get the free lesson and information.- Easy Payments The fees for Chicago ““Tech’’ courses are very moderate—and you can pay on easy terms. And also—you can obtain in a few months what it would take several years to acquire by ordinary methods. You can getan early start. You are soon ready to take & paying position and to quickly get back the cost of your course.

Other institutions ask you to pay first—and then to find out later how well qualified you are for this profession. We send the free lesson first and place you under no obli- gation at all. Discover your qualifications before you pay anything. And see for yourself just what Chicago “Tech” offers you in train- ing which will bring a ready market for your services and open oppor- tunities which are closed to the untrained man. The coupon will bring all the facts about the course, the small fee, and the easy terms. NOW Mark with X the branch you are in- terested in—or if in doubt about which course to take, write a letter stating facts about yourself and asking our advice, which will be freely given. Mail either the coupon or the letter today Auto and Gas Engine Course All about automobile mechanism—its tion, operation and ba ty ey by thal You train directly under the Chicag: mobile experts. Splendid aportenihian aa =. co Learn All This in Spare Time All about oe principles of wae Automobile. All about Gasoline Engines All about Power Plants and Transmissions. All about;Carburetors an Fuel Supply Systeme.

og on subject in- pg— Buildings ut Lapeeewen and C All about Batteri All about ae ignites. All about Starting and Lighting Systems. AERONAUTICS Complete Course in A principle made Equips you ry expert work. Send th and get Write ° i come get catalog and all

4 Popular Science Monthly CO NTEN'T S—Continued MEDICINE AND SURGERY Trials of a Knock-Kneed Young Llama........ 34 If Your Child Swallows a Safety-Pin....... -. 6 Fighting Disease with Light Rays......... : 63 The Mysteries of the Light that Cures......... 77 MOTOR VEHICLES AND ACCESSORIES Good Roads at a Mile a Week................ 26 eee eee Ree eee 43 Cranking Up the Automobile Window......... 80 Only Two Gears in this Electric Drive....... ; age It’s a Farm Tractor and a Motor-Truck Too.... 81 Carrying the Bible by Motor................. 85 If You Could Look Inside a Tractor.......... 85 PENNIES 650568 lc Share oe Vis beers & 85 Hydraulic Hoist for Motor-Truck Body....... 86 Making Your Motor Upkeep Less Expensive . 87 NATURAL SCIENCE If the Eye Were a Telescope.................. 21 How the Worm Gets in the Hazelnut.......... 27 Nature Presents Her Gas Bill................ 31 An Ugly Giant Crab of Japan............... 42 NSN 2 EE a ae eer ae a 4s An Apple-Tree of Sixty...................... 44 ER Se eo, ok AM alow ahete\s 62 A Feathered Robber Baron of the Air.......... 62 The Eel and the Tortoise.................... 62 Two Eggs that Grew as One.................. 64 A Home With a Barbed Wire Fence for the Owl. 67 Raising Butterflies for the Market............ 75 PICTORIAL PAGES Peace-Time Jobs for Areial Photography....... 28 Where There's a Thirst There's a Way:........ 29 Stay-at-Home Models of Ocean Travelers...... 48 Ask Dad—He Knowsl.... 0... 2 ee eke cee 49 A Quick Method of Loading Motor-Trucks..... 51 Things You Can Do witha Roof.............. 59 Lightening the Burdens of a Bachelor......... 57 Brain versus Brawn in the Struggle for Existence. 70 Housekeeping Made Easy................... 78 Do It With Tools and Machines.............. 79 New Things for the Motorist.......... seus ee SHIPS AND SHIPBUILDING A Life-Line Gun that Can’s Fail.............. 46 These Harmless-Looking Boats Are Destroyers . 53 Pinner tle: GRO. 6 655500 oie Sie cee ese 74 Giass Houses for Marine Searchlights......... 74 SPORTS AND PASTIMES Coasting on the Summer-Winter Sled......... 26 Gliding Down a Thousand Feet.............. 27 The “‘Movies’”’ Ancestor .................... 35 Take Your Money with You When YouSwim.. 45 A Doll's House Equipped for the Queen of Dolls. 65 Argentina—That’s the Place to Travel In...... 65 More Speed from the Pedals of Your Bicycle .. 67 Use Your Canoe for an Umbrella When It Rains 67 Se ee 74 MISCELLANY Safety First for Experimenters in Kite-Flying.. 26 As Cannibals See Themselves ................ 27 A Voice Spoke from the Storm............... 30 nt inno es Sa on sn 5.5 wan ec ee cee 34 Sailors on the Half-Shell..........:.......... 34 In the Age of Machinery!.................... 34 By Their Hats Ye Shall Know Them.......... 35 Riese, T MRRRP AIO. 0s «6 05.50 o onic ec ceces ee 35 In the Land of the Maoris..................45 35 This School Expands to Fit the Pupils......... 41 Safety First Moving Pictures ina Mine...... -. 42 eat ns ss sno eshte oh bes de 42 Masten wnt: Weth... ...... - - 22 in nnn 42 The Pig that Came in the Air Mail......... 2 a eo ee wists ese n. GS yp cite 33 He Carries His Tools with Him............... 34 An. Indian Barher-Shop..................... 45 Telling Time All Over the World.......... <. 4S Maton beer Mnatiatenaet:. .... «0. ee tes 45 Rich Iron Mines in Air We Breathe........... 47 EE SS EDEL LCA Ne, TO 52 She Sells Phonograph Records by Telephone... 52 Nailin A es an bey a eg ae ook aw 52 ESSER LEE LET RA NE EOE OEE 53 Boulders to Right of It, Boulders to Left of It... 53 Wiens Bain tne RL & «cn ee ae be 53 He Has Built Fame with Cardboard........... 54 er erent aaa Carer es 63 The House Built of Powder-Puffs............. 63 (Continued on page 6)

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June, 1920 Was $100 Now $57 A Finer Typewriter at a Fair Price Send No Money! No money in advance. Not a cent! Simply make your request via the coupon below if you want this brand new Oliver Typewriter for five days free trial in your own home or office. Use this Oliver for five days as if it were your own. Type all your letters or any other work with it. Put it to every conceivable test. Compare it with any $100 type- writer on the market. Compare it for simplicity of construction. For beauty of finish. For ease of operation. For speed. For neatness of work. Then bution. Columbia Grapho- phone Co. Pennsylvania Rail- road National City Bank out the country. N. Y. of N. Boston Elevated American Bridge * catalog. Clip the coupon now and mail it at once. Save $43 For $57 you can now obtain Famous BE the yng — Type- writer formerly priced at $100. We are able nee ee to save you nearly half because of our rad- ically new and economical method of distri- During the war we learned many lessons. We found that it was unnecessary to have such a vast number of traveling salesmen and so many expensive branch houses through- We were able to discontinue many other superfluous sales methods. Result— we can afford to sell at $57 the very same 1106 Oliver Typewriter Bldg., Chicago, I if after 5 days free trial you do not wish to keep the typewriter for any reason whatsoever, simply send it back to us and you won’t be out one cent for the free trial. If, on the other hand, you decide that it is the finest typewriter, and you wish to keep it, then pay us at the easy rate of only $3 a month. This is the open, free trial offer we make to you on the Oliver to let you see for yourself that if any type- writer is worth $100 it is this splendid, speedy Oliver No. 9, our latest model and the finest we ever built. The OLIVER T)pewritér Gmpany 1106 Oliver Typewriter Bidg., Chicago, Ill. CC Ship mea new Oliver Nine for five days free inspection. If I keep it, I will pay $57 at the rate of $3 per month. The title to remain in you until fully paid tor. My shipping point is This does not place me under any obligation to buy. choose to return the Oliver, I will ship it back at your ex- pense at the end of five days. [] Do not send a machine until I order it. Mail me your Rallway + : book —‘“‘The High Cost of Typewriters—The Reason Oliver formerly priced at $100. and the Remedy,”’ your de luxe catalog and further informa- Hart, Schaffner & x5 tion. Marz Mail the Coupon Now U, S. Steel Corpo- Check the coupon to get the Oliver for five days free trial ration in your own home. If you decide to keep the typewriter you SORTA N k Edi can pay for it on terms so easy that you won't miss the on Yor son money—only $3 a month. If you prefer to have further mypaay information before ordering, fill in the coupon for our free Street Address____ Company Canadian Price, $72 ae iid ‘Diamond Match| 2 pee sc smpee wr... ae 98 WW onnnne--------=----! OD a a nm one The OLIVER Typewriter Gmpany ! i. Dr. Cemmppmneen: qr Dm inns i et i

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ACCOUNTANT The Profession That Pays Big Incomes Never before have there been so many splendid opportunities for trained accountants —men_ whose training combines a knowledge of Auditing, Cost Accounting, Business Law, Organization, Income Tax Work, Management and Finance. Few professions offer better oppor- tunities to young men of ambition and intelligence. The tremendous business growth of this country has created a rich field for the expert. There are only about 3,000 Certified Public Accountants to do the work of the half million concerns needing proficient accounting service. The expert accountant is needed today in every big business organization. Knowledge of Bookkeeping Unnecessary to Begin If you are ambitious, you can train for one of these big positions. The LaSalle method will train you by mail under the direct supervision of William B. Castenholz, A. M., C. P. A., former Comptroller and Instructor, University of Illinois, assisted by a large staff of Certified Public Accountants including members of the American Institute of Accountants. You will be given whatever training, instruction or review on the subject of bookkeeping you may personally need—and without any expense to you. Our big free book on the accountancy profession fully explains how we train you from the ground up, according to your individual needs, from the simplest bookkeeping principles to the most advanced ac- counting problems. All text material supplied in the course has been especially prepared in clear, easy-to- understand language so that you can readily master the principles by home study. Send for the Facts Now Mail the coupon now and get our free book which fully describes our expert training course and tells all about our Money-Back Guarantee, C. P. A. examinations, state regulations, salaries and incomes, and how you can qualify for a high-grade accounting position without interference with your present position. Send in the coupon and find out how we have helped over 200,000 ambitious men, and learn what we can do for you. Valuable Book FREE A prominent Chicago execu- tive says: ‘‘Get this book ‘Ten Years’ Promotion In One,’ even if it costs you $5.00 for a we | Let us send it to you free, with literature ex- plaining howyoucantrainfor a Higher Accountancy job without interference with your present duties. Send coupon today—-NOW. —— MAIL THIS COUPON —— La SALLE EXTENSION UNIVERSITY “The Largest Business Training Institution in the World” Dept. 683-H Chicago, Illinois Send at once, without cost or obligation to me, your valuable book, “‘Ten Years’ Promotion In One,” also your book of Accountancy Facts and full details of your course in Higher Accounting.

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SELLING ma bagi

ROM fireman on an Eastern railroad to $10,000 a-year Star Salesman in one jump! P. T. Balsbaugh whose picture appears above did it! He’s taken his place in the ranks of the big money makers. $10,- 000 a year as a Salesman—and he never sold goods before! How did he do it? Simply by learning the secrets of successful salesmanship from Master Salesmen and Sales Managers through the National Salesmen’s Training Association.

Think what you could do with his splendid income! | You could own your own home, have money in the bank, drive a car and have many of the luxuries that make life worth living. What Balsbaugh did, you too can do. Why Don’t YOU Get into the Selling Game? The quickest way to earn big-money is in the selling game. Bea Star Salesman. You can learn the secrets of selling as thousands have done. Our amazing methods make mastery of Salesmanship easy for any man who wants to succeed. You don’t have to lose a day or a dollar from your present job —just a part of your spare time will do. Proof that You Can Be a Star Salesman Mail the coupon below. It will bring you a won- derful book entitled ‘‘A Knight of the Grip.’’ In it you will find the proof that you, too, can do as Balsbaugh did, as thousands have done through this System. See for yourself the wonderful opportunities in this fascinating profession. Learn how you can quickly qualify. No long appren- We Help You Land ticeship hy this a Selling Job wonderful system. Just as soon as you are ready and qualified the Employment and Service Department of the N. S. T. A. will help you select and secure a good selling position. The moment you are a Salesman your chances for making money are unlimited. Lose, no time! minute. Address: National Salesmen’s Training Association Dept. 15-G Chicago, Ill., U. S. A. Mail the coupon right now—this

National Salesmen’s Training Association Dept. 15-G, Chicago, Ill., U .S. A. With no See = on my part, please send me “A << wt of the Grip” and full information about the N. S. Training and , ae Service. Also a list shouts lines of business with openings for salesmen.

Popular Science Monthly CONTENTS — Continued

Stockings Came Cignly: 5. os sot csise os ces 63 The Line Doesn't Tangle in This Container.... 64 The Importance of Railroad Tie Spikes........ 64 A Folding Trestle for the House-Painter....... 64 How One Cobbler Attracts Patrons. ......... 65 Getting Music through a Shell. heals sere ee Taking Kinks Out of Street-Car Tracks. Soss Counting Miles on a Typewriter.............. 68 The Great Junk-Heap of Panama............. 69 PMNS Coos 5 co. Sale 0 60.6 ai woes Sie 72 Tongues Out!. i i GaEecciaeewcs. ae Feeling What Time It le: Pe teas Ges ote ese 72 ae Writung On the Rock.................... 72 Diamond Double Eagle...................... 73 OS rotect Hye-Gleewes.... 2... ccc cess 73 Midshipmen of the Air Sail High.............. 73 Shail We Have 13 o "Clock? EO ee eee 73 Dial M res Di MUR Ra aris sie cea eas 73 ES SA IR eee ee 75 OSE EG a 75 Chief Shake's War Cance.................... 76 NS 76 A Glass of Water witha Kick................. 76 All Four Feet Off the Ground................. 77 A Traveling Bar Is a Convenience of the Tropics. 77 To Detect Flaws in Diamonds Be RCA ci Rati 77 PRACTICAL WORKERS Define the Electrical Current. isos cca A Jig for Drilling Round Stock Anil oa Washing Your Car in the Approved Way...... 96 How to Make a Stepless Transformer.......... 100 A Paint-Spraying Device that Saves Effort.... 100 Ford-Owners May Safely Go Out in the Rain... 102 A Disappearing Clothesline-Pole for Your Yard. 102 Measuring Angles with a Watch.............. 104 Weighing Poultry on Homemade Scales...... 104 Allow Your Automobile Engine to Breathe .... 106 Buggy-Axles and Wheel-Hubs for Gate-Hinges.. 106 Taking the Dents Out of a Gasoline-Tank...... 108 A Quick Method of Lining Up Lathe Centers .. 112 A Safety Handle Holder Makes Drilling Safer.. 114 Before the Flood: First Aid for the Leaky Pipe.. 116 Make Runners for the Top of Your Harrow.... 116 A Tire-Opener Gives the Motorist a Third Hand 118 Growing Potatoes in a Pen Saves Garden Space. 119 How to Make a Lathe-Milling Attachment... .. 121 You Can’t Have Eggs and Mites............ 122 Make a Support for Spark-Plug Wires......... 123 An Alligator Wrench You Can Make at Home.. 123 A Pneumatic Punch from an Old Gas Engine. 124 A Metal Holder Used as a Tool-Box........ 125 Keep Your Distributor Clean and Dry........ 125 Balance Your Armatures and Eliminate Noise... 126 Utilizing the Hollow Handles of a Die-Stock.... 126 Use a Simple Air-Blast for Your Power-Saw.... 127 An Improvement on the Artist’s Pantograph... 128 Keep Your Eye on the Automobile Generator.. 128 An Easy Way to Put Wire-Cloth on Doors... 129 How to Tie the Invisible Armature Knot...... 130 An Indirect-Lighting System for the Home.... 131 Don’t Throw Away Your Old Window-Shades.. 131 A Large Hinge Serves asa Clamp for Tire Repair 132 A Gravity Electric Bell Made of Odds and Ends. 132 Saving Eyes and Time in Concrete-Drilling.... 134 A Bicycle-Pump Makes a Spray Gun.......... 135 Accurate Angles by a Table of Tangents...... 135 Attaching a Trunk-Handle to a Locked Trunk.. 136 How Eye-Bolts Can be Made from Cotter-Pins . 136 To Make a Hand-Power Milling Attachment . 137 You Can Make Your Own Vacuum Bottle... .. 139 The Neatest Mechanical Job I Ever Saw Contest 140 A Simple Sandpaper-Holder for Carpenters.... 153 A Battery-Connector of Sheet Metal.......... 153 Ba ffiing the Ingenuity of the ‘‘Tool-Borrower” 154 This Obliging Engine Pumps Water ata Distance 154 To Make a Block of Timber Serve asa Vise... .. 155 Detachable Poster-Boards for Motor-Trucks... 155 When You Get Down and Get Under......... 156 Alining the Centers on a Lathe............... 156 How to Make a Quick and Lasting Pipe Repair. 157 How to Make Quick, Smooth Erasures........ 157 Tapping Small Pieces in a Drill-Press.......... 158 RADIO The Thermiomic Oscillator—III.............. 142 A Musical Scale from an Oscillating Audion.... 145 A Circuit Layout for a Radio Editor.......... 147 Radio Equipment for Pleasure Craft.......... 148 Directing Mail Airplanes by Wireless......... 149 Experiment Vacuum-Valve Detectors ........ 150 Variable Grid Leak in a Novel Mounting...... 151 Making a Vacuum-Tube Control Planel........ 152

Page 143

June, 1920

Free Proof that Raise Your Pay Or Te TE iy 1s = . No matter how much you are earning now, I can show you how to increase it. I have even taken failures and shown them how to make $100—$200, and in one case as high as $2,000 weekly. I am willing to prove this entirely at my risk and expense. ET’S have a little chat about getting ahead—you and I. My name is Pelton. Lots of people call me “‘The Man Whe Makes Men Rich.’”’ I don’t deny it. I’ve done it for thousands of people—lifted them up from poverty to riches. I’m no-genius—far from it. I’m just a plain, everyday, unassuming sort of man. I know what poverty is. I've looked black despair in the eye—had failure stalk me around and hoodoo everything I did. I’ve known the bitterest kind of want. But today all is different. I have money and all of the things that money will buy. I am rich also in the things that money won’t buy—health, happiness and friendship. Few people have more of the blessings of the world than I.

ie? was a simple thing that jumped me up from poverty to riches. As I’ve said, I’m no genius. But I had the good fortune to know a genius. One day this ~ MY sudden rise to riches naturally sur- prised others. One by one people came to me and asked me how I did it. I told them. And it worked for them as well as it did for e. Some of the things this ‘‘secret’’ has done for people are astounding. I would hardly believe them if I hadn’t seen them with my own eyes. Adding ten, twenty, thirty or forty dollars a week to a man’s income is a mere nothing. That’s merely playing at it. In one case I took a rank failure and in a few weeks had him earning as high as $2,000.00 a week. Listen to this: A young man in the East had an article for which there was a nation-wide demand, For twelve years he ‘‘puttered around” with it, barely eking out a living. Today this young man is worth $200,000. He is building a $25,000 home—and paying cash for it. He has three automobiles. His children go to private schools. He goes hunting, fishing, traveling whenever the mood

man told me a “secret.” It strikeshim. His income is overa thousand dollars a week.

had to do with getting ahead and growing rich. He had used it himself with remark- able results. He said that every wealthy man knew this “secret’’—that is why he was rich. I used the ‘“‘secret.” It surely had a good test. At that time I was flat broke. Worse than that, for I was several thousand dollars in the hole. I had about given up hope when I put the ‘‘secret’’ to work. At first I couldn’t believe my sudden change in fortune. Money actually flowed in on me. I was thrilled with a new sense of power. Things I couldn’t do before became as easy for me to do as opening a door. My business boomed and continued to leap ahead at a rate that startled me. Prosperity became my part- ner. Since that day I’ve never known what it is to want for money, friendship, happiness, health or any of the good things of life. That ‘‘secret” surely made me rich in every sense of the: word. A Few Examples Personal! riences Among the ,000 users of **Power of Will” are such men as Judge Ben B. Lindsey; Supreme Court Justice Parker; Wu Ting Fang, Ex-U. 8. Chinese Ambassa- . b m: M dith, Secy. of Agriculture, and many others of equal prominence. $300 Profit tone One Day’s ading “The result of one day’s study netted me $300 in cash. I think it a great book and would not be without it for ten times the cost.” —Col. 8. W. Wilkie, Roscoe, £o. Dakota. Worth $15,000 and More “The book has been worth more than $15,000 to me.’’—Oscar B. Sheppard. Would Be Worth $100,000 “If I only had 1t when I was 20 years old, I would be worth $100,000 today. It is worth a hundred times the price.”—S. W. pee the Sante Fe Ry., Milans, ‘exas. Salary Jumped from $150 to “Since I read Power of Will my salary has jumped from $150 to th.”—J. F, Gibson, From $100 to $3,000 a Month “One of our boys who Power of Will before he came over here jumped from $100 a month to $3,000 the first month, and won a $250 prize for the best. sa’ an- ~ in the state.""—Private Leslie A. Still, A. E. F. France.

In a little town in New York lives a man who two years ago was pitied by all who knew him. From the time he was 14 he had worked and slaved—and at sixty he was looked upon as a failure. Without work—in debt to his charitable friends, with an in- valid son to support, the outlook was pitchy black. Then he learned the ‘“‘secret.”’ In two weeks he was in business for himself. In three months his plant was. working night and day to fill orders. During 1916 the profits were $20,000. During 1917 the profits ran close to $40,000. And this genial 64- year-young man is _ enjoying pleasures and comforts he little dreamed would ever be his. I COULD tell you thousands of similar instances. But there's no need to do this as I’m willing to tell you the ‘“‘secret”’ itself. Then you can put it to work and see what it will do for you. I don’t claim I can make you rich over night. Maybe I can— maybe I can't. Sometimes I have failures—everyone has. But I do claim that I can help 90 out of every 100 people if they will let me. The point of it all, my friend, is that you are using only about one-tenth of that wonderful 7

brain of yours. That’s why you haven't won greater success. Throw the unused nine-tenths of your brain into action and you'll be amazed at the almost instantanéous results. The Will is the motive power. of the brain. Without a highly trained, inflexible will, a man has about as much chance of attaining success in life as a railway engine has of crossing the continent without steam. The biggest ideas have no value without will-power to ‘“‘put them over.”’ Yet the will, altho heretofore entirely neglected, can-be~trained into wonderful power like the brain or memory and by the very same method—intelligent exercise and use. If you held your arm in a sling for two years it would become powerless to lift a feather from lack of use. The same is true of the Will—it becomes useless from lack of practice. Because we don’t use our Wills—because we continually bow to circumstances—we become unable to as- sert ourselves. What our wills need is practice. Develop your will power and money will flow in on you.. Rich opportunities will open up for you. - Driving energy you never dreamed you had will manifest itself You will thrill with a new power—a power that nothing can resist. You'll have an influence over people that you never thought possible. Success—in whatever form you want it—will come as easy as failure came before. And those are only a few of the things the ‘‘secret’’ will do for you. The “secret” is fully explained in the wonderful book ‘*Power of Will.” How You Can Prove This at My Expense I KNOW ren think that I’ve claimed a lot. Perhaps you th there must be a catch somewhere. But here is my offer. You can easily make thousands—you can't lose a penny. Send no money—no, not one cent. Merely clip the cou- pon and mail it tome. By return mail you'll receive not a ge, but the whole “secret’’ told in this wonderful Kk ‘POWER OF WILL.” Keep it five days. Look it over in your home. Apply some of its simple teachings. If it doesn*t show you how 7 can increase your income many times over—just as it has pana — mga of others—mail the book back. You will be out no But if you feel that “POWER OF WILL” will do for you what it has done for over four hundred thousand others—if ‘ou feel as they do that it’s the next greatest book to the ible—send me only $3.50 and you and I Il be square. 1 if Fay ass this offer by, I'll be out only the small profit on a $3.50 sale. But you—-you may easily be out the differ- ence between what you're making now and an income sev- eral times as great. So you see you've a lot—a whole lot— more to lose : Mail the coupon or write a letter now—you may never read this offer again. SPECIAL NOTE In nearly five years the price of “Power of Wil” has been tncreased only 50c. We find tt necessary now te e 10 $4.50 as soon as the present edition is gone, This means that July 1st or sooner, the price must be increased to $4.50. Pelton Publishing Company 14-K Wilcox Block Meriden, Conn. Pelton Publishing Company 14-K Wilcox Block, Meriden, Conn. You may send me “Power of Will’’ at your risk. I agree to remit $3.50 or remail the book to you in five days. TRU Sivik.is vsKa vice 606N 6S Nia VES NESE e a ilecen wees IE io an's 5.0.5 6 warn 004 6000 eae ned ee ees 8 <eCENts tan kee

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ae Hn RE TES ee ae ee ms 2% ——s ‘ Hains i KER LEM NS, PD eg a £3 Kg EY SARE reins re yi i ns CT Rate 25 Cents a Word, no discounts. wei is 10} ia : 1 A i » v vv aa ih hy ox wn iy } h hi I di | zi 0 TE \4 AN nt | SS Ee eeg Advertisements for the August issue should be received by June Ist. i a 0 Mi a Cc od Ma i a TIS chit N] iby : il i 1 a. i N oa a ow 4 Hh Ae A AUTOMOBILES AND ACCESSORIES FORD ACCESSORIES MOTORCYCLES, BICYCLES, SUPPLIES AUTO Motor Supplies. Buick, Michigan, Dayton, Hupp 32, Cadillac, Overland, E. M tinental and Buda Motors, all sem, Bosch Magnetos, $15 each and u Special high 2 and 4 ¢ anes magnetos, 39°50 each. Prest-O-Lite tanks, $5.00. Coils, carburetors, air compressors, gen- erators, starters, etc. Write for Bargain Bulletin. decond hand auto accessories. Address Motor Sales, Dept. 14, West End, Pittsburgh, "Pennsylvania. SALESMEN—Agents—Everywhere: Sell ‘‘Tankii."’ Modern auto-fuel. Guaranteed; 100 to 200% _ profit. Every autoist interested. Exclusive territory. Tankii, Cleveland, Ohio. AUTOMOBILE Parts for all cars—50% modded $50 each and up. tension off manufac- linders, axles logue ~~ “Ueed Parts Bulletin now ready. Write for it to- Service and satisfaction guaranteed. Auto Parts Company, 4108 Olive Street, St. Louis, Missouri. TIRES. Waster -to-You Prices. Exclusive tative wanted Extra Ply Ae Guarantee Bond 8000 Mi sections furnished. Mellinger Tire Company, “937 Oak Street, Kansas City, Missouri. VULCANIZING auto tires is a growing and profitable Easy to learn. Instruction book, $1. Plants $50 to $300. Details free. Equipment Co., 17 Canal, Cin- cinnati, Ohio. HYDRONIZER: Insures clean plugs, consumes car- bon, saves gasoline, intensifies power and increases s For all cars. Money back guarantee. Big profits tor agents. Free literature. Friestedt Manutacturing Com- pany, 2933 West Lake Street, C hicago. PATENTS—Write for Free Illustrated Guide Book and Evidence of Conception Blank. Send model or sketch and description of invention for our opinion of its patent- able nature. Highest references. Reasonable terms. Victor J. Evans & Company, 189 Ninth, Washington, D. C. INSYDE Tyres, inner armor for Automobile Tires, vents punctures and doubles mileage of any tires. al profits. Details free. American Accessories Co., Dept. 97-A, Cincinnati, Ohio. RED DEVIL Auto Polish—Brightens the way. Regu; lag 60c. can, to introduce. Agents wanted. Devil Products, Dept. 1, Farmingdale, New York. CHILDREN can fix penemne with Kinsey's Electric- Patch. Instantaneous—Permanent—Guaroenteed. Mailed, pecoee fore for dollar bill. Kinsey Patch Company, Junction, SEMEL O—Unsneatind Auto Body Polish. Formula, p dressing formula free. John Eberle, West Water, Chittizothe, Ohio. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask to-day for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder."" It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you, .It also tells ‘“‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly ge, You'd like to know, wouldn't you? M ed Advertising, Sooner Seience. Monthly, 2: West 39th Street, New ork. VULCANZEIRS—Our circular tells how to make blow- — potahes from used tire fabric. C.M. Anderson, Batavia, no! BULL dog inner tires molded to fit your casings. Prac- tically eliminates blow-outs and punctures. Doubles ae life of your tires. Wonderful seller and repeat order $5,500" to Write for particulars to-day. Agents making $10,000 a year. Eastern Auto Specialty Co, Dope Utica, New York. RACING body at little cost, build it yourself. for instructions and blueprint. F. F Chicage, Hiinois. a LUEPRINTS of connections for armatures of automo- bile star ma eonngnners. and motor-generators. See ad under r Elects 1.” Charles Chittenden. TIRES at wholesale. We have the cheapest, high-grade, long life and reliable tires in the world. No ‘seconds’ or ree. Send for prices. Overton Tire Company, Oelwein, owa. BUILD your own garage. Blueprints, instruction, list of material needed, $2. Money refunded if not satisfactory. Al. Violett, 52 Park Street, Providence, Rhode Island. Send 50c Floege, Box 321, Nord WELDING AND SOLDERING DON’T serap aluminum parts. Save them, with So- Luminum. New, great ‘‘3-in-l"’ welding, brazing and sol- dering compound, stronger thay aluminum—perfect sub- stitute for acetylene welding— 4 time and cost. Use gaso- line torch or soldering iron. No flux. Booklet9. Sam) ~ bar $1.00. Used by Uni States Army and Navy, dorsed by British Munitions Board. So-Luminum Manu. facturing Company, 1790 Broadway, New York. FORD Speed-Power Equipment stocked; 4 speeds for- ward auxiliary transmissions; double pulling power, in- crease speed 40 or 20%; 16 valve overhead cylinder ee: - carburetors; = 2 nrnennes ~4t- — mn magnetos; un ung fixtures; speed power bev: erare: foot accelerators; ateaeing wheels; wire hyd disc tal wheel aiaes ord fire chemical hook and 15-30" double MT wheelbase extension: line ton side s) pring additional frame worm unit; complete -5 a shaft See drive units; racing ; complete Special— Instantaneous trie ot Water 8 MAR “attachable any faucet. Retail $60. ers P. Ford Speed-Power Equipment Manu- fae turers, 250 West 54th Street, New York City. erosene Styles for all e.. -_ Big profits for trial. Air- agents, on guaran Friction Carburetor Company, 500 Siudison Avenue, Dayton, Ohio. The Best Out of Forty Popular Science M. onthly, 225 West 39th Street, New York City. Gentlemen: We advertise in more than forty publications, and keep a full record of each one. Your publication has paid us better than any other magazine we use. Not only do first returns cost less, but we get a larger percent- age of second returns. A num- ber of our best regular custom- ers were introduced to us by Popular Science Monthly. Very truly yours, CHAMBERS PRINTING WORKS If you would like to know what other advertisers think and say about “Quick Action Advertising’ in Popular Sci- ence Monthly, ask us for the REAL proof. We have hundreds of letters from satisfied and successful adver- tisers in every part of America—men who have learned, by actual experi- ence, that Popular Science Monthly PAYS. Their knowledge should be of special value to you in choosing a list of mediums for your advertising. Why not learn what they have to say, profit by their wisdom and _ spare yourself costly experimentation? Ask us today! Classified Advertising Manager POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 225 West 39th Street New York City WELDING PLANTS, $25.00 to $300.00. Designed - all purposes. Small cash payment, balance three to months. Every mechanic or ghee should Ny = Bermo Weiding Co., Omaha, U. 20TH Century Aluminum Welding Metal, repairs any- thing in aluminum exclusively by several automo- bile manufacturers, garages, etc. Sample $1.00; $3.00 lb. Fully guaranteed. Chas. Mead, 1023 Holmes Street, Lansing, Michigan. SOLDERING paste for soldering aluminum with ordi- nary solder works on thin sheets or large castings. $1.00 a can. Wagner Supply Company, 134 South Burdick Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan. WIRELESS Sere Wireless Telephones and How to Make Them. good Ibook for the advanced radio amateur on. the ae construction and . of the wireless seagaee. Price. 25 cents oa postpes paid. k Dept., Popu- iclence Monthly, 39th Barest . New York. “SILVERPLATE” ey * 35¢e. electr! ogee Bottle ‘‘Silver- Roberts, 11716 Decroit Av . Cleveland, FORDS double the mileage with Picard Carburetors. Easy starting. Double the power. Satisfaction abso- lutely guaran F Agents wanted. York Beles. Cons Com: any. . Devt. PS. 1518 East Jefferson Avenue, etroit, TIMER “Brush New wiping contact; quick starting; easiest Only 34 cents, prepaid. . Sp. Works, Box 543, Riverside, California. SAVE-ALL meener — makes Fords run better. Gives more miles, wer and speed. Free trial. Savall Company, 3716 North Clark Street, Chicago. OUR Spark Intensifier fires all four cylinders with cracked or worn out plugs. locates ignition troubles in- stantly and makes your car start easier. Send one dollar for sample and _ liberal agents peegeeenm. Cyntho Company, Box 476, Seattle, Washingto: FOUR Dollars saemnas ~~ for life cosine being kicked by your Ford. Write for our free booklet ‘‘Kant- Kick"’, the safety device or Fords. La attached. Buftum Tool Company, issouri “SURE-HIT Teas § $4. eS all makes, $25.00 up. New bicycles big reduction. Second hand, a 38,00 up. Motors, motor attachments. Cycle motors. Smith motor wheels, —.. =. New parts to fit ail makes carried in } hand parts — as new 50% discount. Expert repairing, on Sloe . generators. transmis- — Motors overhauled $10.00 up. Henderson motors specialty. Write for big bargain bulletin. American Motor Cycle Company, Dept. 3, Chicago. REBUILT motorcycles at half cost of new machines. Write for spring bulletin. Western Supplies Company, 371 Hayutin Building,-Denver, Colorado. $25.00 Up—Guaranteed rebuilt motorcycles—Hender- _ Excelsior, Indian, Harley-Davidson. Bicycles, $5.00 Tires and ries at wholesale. Illustrated buile tin “‘A’’ free. Ash Motor Corporation, 162 North Clinton Avenue, Rochester, New York. USED Motorcycle Bargains: Indians, Excelsiors, Har- — $40.00 up. Singles or twins. Overhauled, rebuilt nd tested by experts. Shipped on approval and guaran- teed. Send amp for Big Free List. We furnish bank ref- erences. Floyd Clymer, Desk A, “Largest Motorcycle Dealer in Western America,’’ Denver, Colorado. REBUILT Motorcycles—New 1920 Spring list; Harley- Davidsons, Indians, Excelsiors, Hendersons, and sidecars $50.00 to $375.00. Every machine rebuilt and guaranteed as represented. Write for new folder B. Carl W. Bush Co 19 Broad St., Newark, New Jersey. LATEST “Rogers Side Cars,’’ complete all colors with extention axle fit any motorcycle, while this new stock lasts, prepaid first 1,000 miles, $110. Used and rebuiit motor- cycles, side cars, vans, $25.00 up: engines, $15.00 up. Full aa tanks, fittings, complete, $7.00; other bargains. tate your requirements. Enclose stamp. Erickson, 8039 Parneil Avenue, Chicago. SMITH Wheel Auto, only $65. Tegge, Haddonfield, New Jersey. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask to-day for a copy of the a Advertising Rate Folder.’’ It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘‘How You Can Use Fine condition: V. Popular Science Monthly Profitably.’" You'd like to know, wouldn't you? M Classified Advertising, ae Science Monthly, 2 West 39th Street, New ork. MANUFACTURING WE do Metal Stamping, Die and Model Work, Gold, Stivers — Copper and Brass Plating; also special finishes. We will manufacture your article either on straight time or contract basis. When our tool or model er is on your job, you are welcome at his bench. Denning Manufacturing Company, 1775-1777 East 87th Street, Cleveland, Ohio. TO Order: Any article in metal; models, tools. pat- terns, experimenting, manufacturing. Inventions de- veloped. Cleveland Specialty and Manufacturing Com- pany, Clevelanti, Ohio. CENTRAL Machine Works, St. Louis, Missouri. Special Machinery builders manufacturing in any quanti- ties, dies, tools, battery moulds, stampings and parts. AVIATION “FORD” motored tractor biplane. You can build your own. We tell how to remodel motor and include full size drawings of metal parts and wing curve with our plans and instructions. All for $2.50. onsultation with aero- nautical engineer free to builders. Ready made parts at reasonable prices. Circular on request. Aviation Direct- ory, Lawrence, Kansas. COMPLETE set of drawings of the Liberty 12 Engine. A United States Standardized Aircraft Engine. Giving all views with number of — hames of parts and weights of parts. Mail $1.00. Dept. E, oa Publishing Company, 25 West 42d Street, ont York Cit THE American School of eee announces a new pomp ne course in Mechanics of Aviation. A thor- ae g in practical aeronautics. American School of Aviation, — 188A, 431 South Dearborn Street, Chicago. HEATH Airplane Co.'s Catalog “‘N”* is the most complete booklet ever published on aeronau ticalneeds. 12c in ~~ Get our pamphiet on Ford and Motorcycle engine-drive airplanes, 4c; also glider circular, 4c. e buy and rel all kinds of aeronautical motors. Heath Airplane Co.,C INVENTORS desiring information write for our Free Illustrated Guide Book and Evidence of Co — Blank. Send model or sketch of yo for our 0) _— its patentable nature. Highes' neces. Prompt rvice. Reasonable terms. Victor J. "Evans & Company, is) Ninth, Washington, D. C. AERONAUTICAL engineer. Expert advice, designs, reports, tests. Motors a specialty. Adrian Van Muffiing, City College, New York. BUILD the Simmons ane. price list, drawings and building instructions, $1. Particulars free. Simmons & Lawrence, Fairfield, tilinols, AIRPLANES—1 to 6 er; aeronautical motors 30 to 300 HP. Lowest p State your needs. Send oe ints “Pp. S.” Aero Exonange. 38 Park Row, New ork. TRADE SCHOOLS COME to a Real School. Auto Seinting — Paperhangi Writi Catalogue Free. North Wells Street, Chicago. Learn Sign, Scenic and S— Decorating — Showcard cago Painting Schools, 129 FOR BOYS SEE page 146. Have you a Saw and a Hammer? HERE Boys! Read Nifty Toy Company’s ad on page 146.

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wee, oe td J une, 1920 MOTORS, ENGINES, MACHINERY | ” PRINTING, ENGRAVING, MULTIGRAPHING AMERICAN MADE TOYS SMALL Motors and Generators. Cancelled Government Contracts A. C. Motors $9.50 each and up. 12 on 110 volt Generators $26 each. Battery + Be ts $30 each and up. New Motors i aa up to 5 or all phases and frequencies of ne. ite for late Bulletin. Bar- ains in Motors and Generators.. Address: Motor Sales, Bept. 14, West End, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. ELECTRICAL BLUEPRINTS—Electrical connections. 236 A. C. motor, single, two, and three D hases. Viiteee, cycle, phase, speed changing. 123 D. P Voltage & hanging, etc. 120 transformer connections. Tia" rheostats, controllers, com- pensators, both internal and external connections. 175 diagrams covering 250 armatures for automobile rewindine data. 10 eomies A. -ponmes Gone, 25c. Par- ticulars free. Charles Chittenden, ‘Dept. 8 , 3024 Matthews Avenue, Kansas City, Missouri. bg le ag ay Wiremen, Linemen, send your aoe address descriptive presetars. of our Mod Blue Print "chart Method of Electrical Seg, A | Over 350 ams. Electrical b. Company, Box B173, Altoona, Pennsylvania Highly eunitiyg aad quik acting” oe area y nensitive “ac 1 r Witt for Catalog. Selenium Labora- 4 Good ¢ aun, Long Island, New York. 100 Tpduetign Motor Wietee Diagrams 1, 2 and 3 Phase, ig Delta. 2 to 12 Poles Tectuaive. Postpaid $5.00. E E Glass, 2819 Kast Eighth Street, Kansas City, uu) KE Dry Batteries. Simple, o senate instructions, with D ASS print, 25 cents. D ales Company, Bath, Lan tds. users $1,60-"Tnlan rai yd Ce eneieen comple’ and Specialty ompany, 1860 N North Robey stre Street, C WANTED GOOD Printing at low prices. 1,000 good letterheads, elo’ cards, billh is, circulars, $2.50; sam- les free; catalogues, booklets and circulars our specialty. Ernest F. Fantus Co., 523 8S. Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill. MULTIGRAPH Letters build business. Most rt and effective advertising. Print perv Pama Low rates; careful work; service. Multigraph- Peerless Letter Company, 241 Fourth Avenue, New York. “ACTUAL” Typewritten Letters, heading, gy “Bo, black; body, Aertee? blue or black pid ny pa ty $2.75; 500, $5.50; 5000, $17.50. Artus Le ah. Chestnut ‘Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 5000 Gummed Labels, $1.50. Catalog. Irwin Wolf, Station E, Philadelphia. 100 Cards, business, pomeenonah ro. ap imitation gether card case, for 60 cents Printing, mareving. Rubber Stamps, 31 Miadie. ‘Street, Geneva, P WE Offer an neppestnatty \ manufacturers aoe nee a n, a omeworkers on smaller manufacture Metal Toys and Novelties. Uatimited field and enormous business open for ambitious people. No experience required. No tools needed. Our casting- forms turn out goods complete. Since the different To Expositions, manufacturers are covered with orders until December. You can enter this field now, by manuf: ADDING MACHINES MR. ADVERTISER: Ask to-day for a copy of the a Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some ba me J important facts which = prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.’’ You'd like to know, wouldn’t you? M er Classified Advertising, Popular Science Moathly, 225 West 39th Street, New York. 250 BOND: la ge oy and _— ph 25. Other printing, lowest prices. Samples, 4c . F. Ball and Company, "Dept. 26A, Buckland, Connecti LETTERHEADS $2.50 thousand. Samples free. Quality Print Shop, Marietta, Ohio. BUSINESS and Name Card specimen sheets on re- quest. Star Press, Box M37, Winchester, New Hampshire. 1,000 Les PERERA DS. envelopes, cards, etc., $3.00 and less. P. 8S. Orvis , Hackensack, New Jersey. PRINTING—Quick service! . Bond letter heads, bill heads, statements, envelopes, cards, etc., 1,000, $4.00; 5,000, $15.00. Automatic presses insure quick deliveries. Federal Printing Company, Baltimore, Maryland. WONDERFUL Adding Maehine, seven columns ~ pacity. only one dollar. Adds and m by FT" ingers will move. Thousands being sold a og demonstration. L. J. Leishman Company, Dept. MARVELOUS new Automatic Adding Machine. Re- tale S150. Work equals $300 machine. iaipaeedon tens. Write for trial offer. Calculator P. ‘Grand Rapids, Michigan. TYPEWRITERS AND SUPPLIES NEW, remanufactured and “aio wp. Typewriters ) oe gt ey — Machines up. Write ee Washington Street, Chicago. E GOOD typewriter for sale, cheap. Walter P. Smith, Crescent, Iowa. MISCELLANEOUS CASH for Old False ng sa pA. to $35.00 set (broken or not). Also bi gold — gold crowns, bridges, plat inume, dia a+ watches silver. Send now. Cash by return mail. Package held 5 to 10 days "tor senders’ approval .of bong offer. U. 8.- Smelting Works, Dept. 81, Chicago, Illino! WANTED—Small gasoline and steam engines. Drill presses, lathes, electric motors, etc. Will pay_high cash prices for good material. Johnston, West End. pittsburgh, ennsylvania. VA ee in every Factory in the United Sta opular Science Monthly, 235 Weat S$y¥th Street, New York. WE pay the highest prices for diamonds, platinum, watches, old or broken jewelry, old gold, silver, magneto poraee, old false teeth, gold or silver ores or nuggets. War onds and Stam hem to us ay by re- turn mail. returned in 10 days if you're not satisfied. = — 8s coe .. efining Company, 238 Lennox DEALERS to carry stock of guaranteed 100f paint and cement, stops leaks quickly, permanently; ready for use; no thinning; does not sett e; we advertise for you. Mar- yok cneee. Dept. “‘J,’’ 405 Lexington Avenue, New ork City. KEY DUPLICATING MACHINES DUPLICATE keys for all Yale and similar locks mage in one minute with Harrison Key . Machine. No misfits. Sent prepai ss 00. Mone in use. returned if not een ry. Harrison & mpany, New Street, New York DUPLICATING DEVICES “MODERN” Duplicator—a pesnes a anne. Kg up. 50 to 75 co ye i Se. use dager glue or ——- .000 x mri, "You need Booklet gs es Company, Pittsburgh, Ba ES FOR SALE AND EXCHANGE CHOICE silver black breeding foxes. Instructions, Reid Brothers, Bothwell, Ontario. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask to-day for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder. ” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells How You Can Use Popular Science Nour nager Clas ** You'd like to know, wouldn’t you? M Classified péverteine. popaar Science Monthly, West 39th Street, New ork. MECHANICAL drawing instrument oueele: at special bargains, send for our catalogue. National Instrument Company, Box 1707, Denver, «AER LET’S swap! What'v got? What a’ re rant? Three months, dime, “The National Exchange Medium,’ Detroit. FOR THE HOME RANDEATEED' Clock Works $5.00. Build your wn cases from our free instructions. eis wants 4 hall clock. You can mate oe Mt building artistic brn works ayeee a’ pene 7, eaving clock ever sold at $25.00. . Shicctown P Penn- syivania. OUR Leather Preservative doubles the life of your shoes or any leather goods. Sample and booklet 35c. Belgian Specialty House, 2806 Union Avenue, Chicago CLEAN your yell pa , We easy todo. New = yp method, n oF apperetas tus required” Com tructions, Sas dollar. ames T. ew i Dept. D, 19 Want North Avenue, Baltimore, Marylan LABORATORY AND CHEMICAL EXPenDtaersy ip leberateries, sath ee to $190.00. Paymen Dept. 8-27. Lions Scientife ie ngtute Pa ef ‘Paboratory ou fitters,” Mt. Oliver, Pitteburgh, GOOD Faro uick—at lowest prices. Samples free. Bamberg nthe ompany, 2245 South Kedzie, Chicago. FORMULAS TO manufacture products that en repeat orders, you need dependable. formulae as a tion. We su 4 Paap en ec formulae for ouch specialties as soldering or aluminum; paint and varnish re fire e: xtinguishe ing compound (dry form); solidified a! ‘alcohol (for hea ); non-inflammable metal polish, $1.00 each. c. —— Methods Bureau, 1B West _34th Street, New or 500 Formulas—Trade wrinkles, secrets, discoveries. All easy, successful money-makers. Everything, 25c. Edgar James, 315 Douglass, Indianapolis, Indiana PROFITABLE mene ggg processes. Details of manufacture accomp soy formula. Send for list. F.N. Beardslee, "1368 roadway, New York. 500 successful money-making formulas and trade secrets. Postpaid, 25c. Charles Dynes, Winchester, Indiana. MACHINISTS. Send 25¢ today for working drawing a eM bey ra Se A ee eet to le . ar. 5 anness venue, sachusetts. Cl RcTRICaL Tati Machine, iB $5, and $7. pies om a oe Benes. J. H. Temke, 1019 Vine, Psm., BALDNESS. Indian's recipe f hair; geateheng, suseten ’ Proof, box Tnailed for 0 cents. Joha Hart ittain, 150 East 32nd Street, BA-iss. New York. TELEGRAPHY TELEGRAPHY (both Morse p ane Wireless) =] conuee accoun’ -—— thoroughly- and Digest and" now Great Established” 45 years. » Catalog and Largest School. Institute, 2nd Street, Valparaiso, Indiana. MODELS AND MODEL{SUPPLIES fish—-puncture. plugger—soldering ‘paste-~rellvering po! puncture lugger—so mirrors—luminous nt—mechanics soap—re evens ay i. Entire collection Poe. Formula talog free. S. & H. SeeENS Laboratories, 15602 Boylston Building, Chicag SELF-SHINING ghee polish formula, 25c. Al. Tytler, Monterey, California FORMULA—Powder to make ice in summer Freezes .00. Formula—Inexpensive substitute for butter. Absolutel pure, $1.00. Formula— Dip. eggs high-class, workable formulas inc luding ali of above $3.00. Nearly all Free ag business. Money refunded if not satisfied. C. J. Callender, Square Deal Mail-Order Man, 3237 Garfield, Kansas City, Missouri. ADVERTISING SERVICE 1000 Adv Headlines and Showcard Gupseetioes. ny i, vertisers. Mailed on receipt of 50c. yr Bn bt return book. Richards School of vertising, «305 Cottage Grove, Chicago. SPECIAL! 1,000 co-publishers wanted! Sample-Pas- ticulars-Registration, $1. —— Syndicate, Atlantic City SPECIAL!. Whole Page D s&dvertisement 150 Maga- ane Thrice $150. | lobe Syndicate, Atlantic y. LETTER SPECIALISTS HOLESOME, Human, Persuasive Sales Letters; A 1, Friend Cook, “TO3E Park Avenue, New York. MR. Business Moe--tien- Seer lan that on We aol. * and “produce,"’ I write. Camille th Main, Waterbury, Connecticut. MAILING LISTS 5,00 different classifications, 1919-1920. $2.00 per thousand addresses. Rightquick Publicity Bureau, neat, ao Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Estab- GUMMED LABELS PAYNE “Stick- t’’ Gummed Labels—used the world over. Pav tandard Company, Box 121-K, Passaic, New Jersey. OFFICE AND FACTORY EQUIPMENT DRESSOGRAPHS, Multigra Folders, Sealers, quplicators bought and sold. © Office Device Company, 154A est_Randolph, Chicago. SogAHIIN-ONE” 8 Revolutionizes Bookkeeping. Capehart, Russellville, Kentucky. ee Add phs, Duplicators, Folders, less than haif rice. mit ep one year. i } Company, 112-M Nort INVENTORS before ip FF WW: or ba machine work done, ask for our bookiet. Machine Works, St. Louis, Missouri. PATENTS—Book free. Send sketch for free yee Opinies of | nature. pialbert & Talbert, 4548 Talbert Build- ng, Washington, D PAINTS, VARNISHES, SUPPLIES ROOF leaks mopped, auichiy. _Dermanently; product ready for i t settle; exclusiv territory with free ad ertising to oes not se e e ve pendable dealers considered artinek . Dept. OPFe3 m~ G, 405 Lexington Avenue, New York City. BLUEPRINTS BLUEPRINTS: Learn from 33 Br ts. It aR BL are in. We show you how. It's aa it’s job insurance. or send $1. SF ra eRe tory, yh. balance. Charlies J peenaiee Taereve- est Lehigh A FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDY SPANISH language easily learned at hoi weeny te correspond lessons. a, Only $6.00 monthiy. "17th = S Prenere Oo Spanish, 1 oy way, New York. AUCTIONEERS , aa, eS eee. DIAMONDS, WATCHES, JEWELRY AvCsentEEe— Carpenter’s Auction CASH—Send by mail or express any discarded jewelry, diamonds, watches, old aver DOGS, BIRDS, PETS BREED Canaries—I rofi Particulars free. Bird Farm, Lynnhaven, ~e FISH, AQUARIUMS, SUPPLIES GOLDFISH—Imported Japanese, Chinese and Amert- Gtalowve. “oacer Goldash Hatchery "No. 8, ‘Rastoe

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Psat Hab sw eee ete eee Sm RS aia acento neh ct ane Na A HIRI PANN setae ete | PHOTOGRAPHY AND SUPPLIES EDUCATIONAL AND INSTRUCTION MAIL us 20c¢ with any size film for development and six velvet prints. Or send six negatives any size and 20c for six prints. Or send 40c for one 8 x 10 mounted enlarge- ment. Prompt, perfect service. Roanoke Photo Finishing Company, 212 Bell Avenue, Roanoke, Virginia. FILMS developed 5c roll, prints 3c each. Photo Ser- vice, 929 McMillan, Cincinnati, Ohio. CAMERAS—Films, supplies, at reduced prices. Films Seveross 2c, prints 2¢ up. Write for free catalog. Pearl Photo Place, 640 East Clementine Btreet, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Me ey different! .. send roll or negatives. Lockwood, Chicago. KODAKER'S Notice: The New Short Process of Developing and Printing will prevent many disappoint- ments with your Kodak Pictures. Send a roll for a trial order. Guaranteed Work. J. F. Short Company, King Street, Charleston, South Carolina. DISABLED Soldiers Photo Company, 3654 North Halsted Street, Chicago. Films developed, 7c; prints, 3c; each. Give us a trial. Polished silvertone prints; “Silivertone,”’ 950-A BUSINESS Letter Writing Taught in Ten Lesso Here is your chance to learn to write letters that rivet the sale, collect money, make adjustments and handle bi transactions. Learn the fundamental principles an write convincing letters. This ability will give satisfaction and increase your income. Each Lesson contains full explanation, numerous meen letters and practical exer- cises. Special Offer! $2.00 for Complete Volume, Ten Lessons, $2.00. Puffer & Walsh, 120 Greenfield Street, Buffalo, New York. EARN $75.00 to $100.00 per week. Write for full in- formation concerning my course in Commercial Art, De- ~ and Show-Card Writing. Pay and earn while you learn. O6clwein Art Studio, Oelwein, Iowa. “STEN-O-SCRIPT”’ takes dictations, lectures, speeches, 200-300 words minute. Wonderfully simple! Learned in few hours. Introductory offer, 58c. ‘“Sten-O-Script,” Tacoma, Washington. LINCOLN-JEFFERSON University. Home Study in college. Theology, Law, Music. Business and Graduate o— Usual degrees granted. Lock Box 239G, Shicago MR. ADVERTISER: Ask to-day for a copy of the “Quick Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells *‘ ‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably."" You'd like to know, wouldn't you? Manager Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New York. MOTION PICTURE BUSINESS $35.00 profit nightly! Small capital starts you. No experience needed. Our machines are used and endorsed by government institutions. Catalog Free. Atlas Moving Picture Co., 441 Morton Building, C ‘Chicago. WRITE Photoplays; $50 each. Experience unneces- gary; details free to beginners. Producers’ League, 194, Bt. Louis. PHOTOPLAYS Wanted. Big prices paid. You can write them. We show you how. Free particulars. Rex Publishers, Box 175, F 25, Chicago. MAKE money fast. Small capital buys professional machine and complete outfit. Easy payments. No experi- ence required. Openings everywhere. Catalog free. Dept. 535, Monarch Theater Supply Co. Address nearest office: Ellsworth Building, Chicago; 420 Market, St. Touls, Missour!: 228 Union, Memphis, Tennessee. LEARN how to write photo plays. My book tells how, where to send, gives model, for 50c. Lester deFrates, Box 1416, Boston. MAKE money fast; small capital starts you with guaran- teed professional moving picture machine. Complete outfit on easy payments. No experience needed. Catalogue free. Monarch Theater Supply Service, 433 Market Street, St. Louis, Missouri. EARN oe money writing photoplays. Outline free. Los Angeles Photoplay Company, Los Angeles, California. AUTHORS—MANUSCRIPTS FREE to Writers—A wonderful little book of money- making hints, suggestions, ideas; the A B C of success- ful story and play-writing. Absolutely Free. Just ad- dress: Authors’ Press, Dept. 15, Auburn, New York. WRITE for newspapers and magazines. Big Pay. Experience mmmeceesesy. details free. Press Reporting Syndicate, 400, St. Lo WRITERS: Have you a song-poem, story, pho eh to sell? Submit manuscript now to Music Sales Com- pany, 48, St. Louis. WRITERS: for publication. souri. Stories, poems, plays, etc., ure wanted Literary Bureau, 117, Hannibal, Mis- IF You Will Write The words for a song, I will write the music and guarantee publisher's acceptance. Poems on any subject acceptable. Ethwell Hanson, Room 137, 3808 Broadway, Chicago, Illinois. MUSIC AND SHEET MUSIC MUSIC—Learn by mail—Graphic Drawings System— Three Lessons comprising Theory, Time, Measure, Charts, start you playing easy tunes. Piano, Violin, Flute, Banjo, kindred instruments. Singi Single lesson $1. ‘00, Set a Technon Schools, 12 * West” 104th Street, New Yor DOUBLE-ENTRY Bookkeeping mastered with 8 Keys in 60 hours; guaranteed; plomas; twenty lessons $5. International Bookkeeping Institute, Springfield, Missouri. CARTOONING, Comics and Lettering in fourteen easy lessons, only $5 postpaid. Over 300 illustrations. Sample lesson free. Ernie’s School, Elyria, Ohio. PICTURES AND POSTCARDS Popular Science Monthly REAL ESTAT E—FARM LANDS OWN Your Own Orange Grove in Fruitland Park, Florida’s finest lake-jeweled highland section, way above sea level. A few dollars a month will buy it. Plant peaches, a quick money crop, with oranges, and the peaches May be made to pay not only for your land and orange = but yield a profit besides. We can produce you a etter orange grove for less money than anyone in the State and in Florida’s greatest section. Fruitland Park is best. We can prove it. Write for a book of actual photographs, = a mae aa A of a —s = farm and why pay. r it. Lake unty Land Owners’ fegrgation 0. Palm ave, Fruitland Park, Lake County, SHAWNEBR, Oklahoma, a growing city, a good place to live. Write for information, Board of Commerce, Shawnee, Oklahoma. HARDWOOD land in Michigan makes you rich. 10 to 80 acres; $15 to $35 per acre. Geatna, pouley, fruit or truck. Easy payments. Best land o: U. r in let free. Swigart Land Company, Ozer First National Bank Building, ol Illinois. agg go ye Farms—17 States—$10 to $100 acre tools, crops often included to settle quickly. Write iy big illustrated catalogue. E. A. Strout Farm Agency, 2026 BH, Sun Building, New York. FOR MEN AND WOMEN MAKE your own dandruff remedy and hair tonic. Gonparsee destroys dandruff and prevents it by removing the hens your scalp and beautifies the hair. One ounes in one pint of water does it. Do not pay mney prices for plain remedies. One ounce sent — * receipt of one dollar. Money gladly refunded if results are not satisfactory. World Chemical Corporation, 448 West Broadway, New York. “WOODEN CARDS—V mo interesting. 25 printed in JOIN Live Postcard Club. Membership Papers 10c. your name 25c. X-Ray Optical cae. 10c. Hough Harvey Teeple, Decatur, Indiana. Company, Box 1013, lone New Yor BOYS and girls—Join the Western Post Card Club. GENUINE Indian Shee Catalogue. P. S. Fleming, Mer., Box 82, Elk, Washingto EVERYTHING in Post Cards. Samplesfree. National, Box 208, Newark, N. J. Gilham, Highland Spring, California. “SEXUAL Philosophy,” 12c. Clear, —" authori- tative, complete, best, satisfies. Fred Kaessmann, Lawrence. Mass. SPECIAL—Twenty clever, classy, assorted teards, as prepaid. Swanson, 1205S Kansas Avenue, Kansas City, ansas. MAKE $19.00 Hundred Stamping Names on Key checks. Send 25c for ane and instructions. PS Keytag Company, Cohoes, New York. GAMES AND ENTERTAINMENT PLAYS, vaudeville acts, monologs, dialogs, recitations, pageants, musical readings, special entertainments, tableaux, drills, minstrel jokes, make-up goods. Large PE red Free. T. 8S. Denison & Company, Dept. 26, “hicago. : TRICKS and Greenbacks. Big magic catalog 5c. — greenbacks—10c. Gilmagico, 11135 South Irving, ‘hicago. CRYSTAL Gazing—the craze: send _ self-addressed stamped envelope for free instructions. Zancigs Studio, Asbury Park, New Jersey. FREE! Latest Illustrated Catalog Pocket Tricks. Jokes, Puzzles, Books and Imported Novelties. Large Low Priced Line. ‘‘10 Select Card Tricks” included, 6c. Send to-day! Lyle Douglas, Sta. A-5, Dallas, Texas. DRIPPING Cigarette—Good pocket trick. Roy Fosdick, 217 Shelton, Jamaica, New York. 150 Parodies on latest songs 10c. Charles Dynes, Winchester, Indiana. OVER the Top puzzle and wholesale joke. Catalogue, 10 cents. Mears, 66, Anderson, Indiana. BOYS—Bet your baseball cranks they can’t spell base- ~— with this new baseball puzzle. Mvystifies young and old. oe aid, 25 cents. Baseball novelties. P.O. Box Plainfield, New Jersey. CANDY CHERI Super Chocolates, assorted, pound box $1. 25, 1 post prepaid, insured. Best you ever tasted rice or the box with our compliments. Cheri, . es 142 uth 15th Street, Philadelphia. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask to-day for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.’’ It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘How You Can Use — Science yay A cing oe "You'd like to know dn’t you Classified Advertising, Popular Sc Science Monthly. 2 295 rest 39th Street, New York. ROOTS, HERBS, PLANTS IF you appreciate good music, turn to the ‘ Puss-in- Boots’’ announcement on page 184. Agents wanted too. WRITE the words for a 9° = write music, guar- ag publisher's acceptance ubmit poems on patriot- love or any subject. Chester Munie’ Company, 920 South Michigan Avenue, Room 111, Chicago. WRITE the words for a song. We revise poems, write music and guarantee to secure publication. Submit poems on any subject. Broadway Studios, 121C Fitz- gerald Building, New York. WRITE a Song—Love, mother, home, childhood, Patriotic or any subject. I compose music and guarantee ublication. Send.words to-day. Thomas Merlin, 238 eaper Block, Chicago. YOU write words for a song—we write the music, publish, and secure a copyright. Submit poems on any subject. The areas tudios, 914 South Michigan Avenue, Room 106, Chicago, Illinois. SONG-WRITERS’ Manual and Guide Sent Contains valuable instructions and advice. Submit song- ms for examination. We will furnish music, copy- right and facilitate publication or sale. Knickerbocker Studios, 315 Gaiety Building, New York. YOU WRITE THE WORDS FOR A SONG—We'll compose the music free and publish same. Send Song Poem today. A. G. Lenox Co., 101 West 42nd Street, Free. New York. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS CORNETISTS—Trombonists: ‘Free Pointers” on weak mea tones. Yirtuoso Cornet School, Buffalo, ew York. WONDERFUL discovery. Make — violin talk. Yes, I mean actually speak words, sing, laugh. $1.00 for the secret. Particulars A. Warren, Fairfield. Illinois. MUSICIANS delight! Music stand and automatic -turner combined. Booklet free. Olsen & Anderson, 1717 Third Avenue, New York City. 10 GATHER on, $15. Belladonna $65 per Ib., or row +. yourself; 200 seeds each with ens only 3 O Twitchell, ‘west Milan, New Hampshire STAMMERING STAMMERING cured—dquickly, pomone. and petreey. Write}for free booklet. Samuel E. aeeene, 46 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 17, Massachusetts ST-TUT-T-T-TERING and Stammering cured at home. Instructive book'et free. Walter McDonnell, 59 Potomac Bank Building, Washington, D. C. PHONOGRAPHS, RECORDS, NEEDLES BUILD your own ae. Big saving. Pleasant instructive work. omplete instructions, blue- —y ete., absolutely free. Write to-day. Associated Phono- graph Company, Dept. F1, Cincinnati, Ohio. BUILD your Phonograph. ‘Perfection’ pigh juality spring and electric Motors. Tone Arms, ucers. Wonderful results. Big saving. New Rg ‘ond build- ing instructions mailed for ten cents. Indiana Phono- graph Supply Co., Indianapolis, Indiana. x MANUFACTURERS’ AGENTS RESPONSIBLE Sales O reliable manufacturers in basis. 40th Street, New York. MR. ADVERTISER: sk to-day for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really im ortant facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘‘How You Can Use Popular Science —— Liha S ** “You’d like to anization —. to . ew York 0 know, wouldn’t _ i assified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 22 West 39th Street, New ork. Quick-Action Advertisements continued on page 12 n International Mercantile Sales Company, 110 West BLUEPRINTS: How to read. See page 9. Improvement Association. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask to-day for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.”” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to-you. It also tells ‘ ‘Ho ow You C Popular Science Monthly Profitably.’’ —, wouldn’t you? Manager Classified Advertising, " a Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New or MEN. _Intensely interesting booklet free. Wonderful results. Winslow E. Chase, Washington, D. C. COLD-PROOF your head! Insure your — and throat against catching cold by simply syringing e at intervals (through an atomizer) with a solution of “Ozeno" Antiseptic Powder, 30c bottle, at druggists or direct from The Ozeno Company, 240 Broadway, New York City. (State and foreign agencies available.) DETECTIVES—Great demand, excellent opportunity. Experience unnecessary. Write American Detective System, 1968 Broadway, New York. SHAMPU-TABS: Three Suddy Shampoos, l5c.; 2 for 25ce. Tab Products, Dept. I, Farmingdale, New York. MEN or Women—Enormous Profits Selling Duo Guaranteed Products. Easy sales at every house. All or 8 time. Outfit free. Write quick. Duo Company, ept. H66, Attica, New York. BE a ne Excellent opportunity, good pay, Gove, Write C. T. Ludwig, 424 Westover Bldg., Kansas y, Mo. “HEALTH-CULTURE’’—insures vital force, youthful vigor, strength and beauty, 25c. ‘‘Natural Laws vern- ing Success’’—158 pages, $1.00. Five dozen ‘Money nl 30c. Professor Anderson, PM1336 Mores, cago. “FORTY Ways to Make Money” 20 for Ladies—20 for Men. And ‘‘How to Write Scenarios.’’ All for $1. Reinhart System, 747 East Jefferson St., California. CANDY—How to make it for pleasure or profit, 25 cents; descriptive circular Free. Acme —ueols House, 409 Chestnut Street, Milwaukee, Wiscons' Mechanics’ Los Angeles, BOOKS AND PERIODICALS “CONCORDIA” contains, essays, short stories, current events, formulas, plans. Two years” subscription, 50 cents; one, 25 cents. Concordia Magazine, ryt Wate ter, York, Pennsylvania. BOOKS, Science, Literature, etc. K2441 Post Street, San Francisco. Re ing | Book. (for shop use) on Vulcanizing Auto-Tires, -$1.. Tire Equipment Company, 19 Canal, Cincinnati, Ohio SIMPLE Wireless Telephones and How ta Make em. A good book for the advanced radio amateur on the principles, construction and use of the wireless telephone. Price 25 cents postpaid. Book Dept., Popu- lar Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New York. BLUEPRINTS: How to read. See page 9. Me- chanics’ Improvement Association. 100,000 USED books for sale, 35c up. Some cost $10.00 new; History, Scientific, Technical, Science, etc. Cata- logues 10c. McCarthy, 1061 West Van Buren Street, Chicago, Illinois. “HANDY Atlas of the World.’’ Separate maps of the various states of the United States, all the continents and countries of we world. 75 pages y maps with valuable statistical data. ——, © $1.00. Book Depart- ment, Popular md mthly, No. 225 West 39th Street, New York. MECHANICAL, scientific books covering every trade. Also. business. 6¢ stam: mps for complete catalogues appre- ciated. Satisfaction guaran Howard Company, Dept. S6, 702 West 181st Street, New York City. Lists. Higene’s, PATENTS FOR SALE WE have a few practical money-making inventions for sale or trade. Adam Fisher Mfg. Co., 183B, 8t. uis, Missouri. PATENTED folding adjustable hinge for use on all makes of a oP. Sell patent or royalty. See picture = this issue. A. W. Tucka, care Hotel Tulsa, Tulsa, Okla- ‘hhoma. CAPITALIST wanting share ” good invention, write Arthur-MecNeil, Baraga, Michigan U. 8S. PATENT—New seemed coffee olator. Stefano Battilani, 114 Christopher Street, New York. FOR SALE—Patent on Ford Auto Lock. Joseph Vesely, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

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June, 1920 Drawing Outfit RFE Drawing Table Complete Set of Drawing Instruments and Drawing Table Yes, I will give you this complete drawing outfit absolutely free. The instruments are in a handsome high class, plush lined folding case. They are regular draftsman’s working in- struments. Besides I will give you absolutely free, a 20 x 25 inch drawing board, a 24 inch T square, a 12 inch rule, a supply of drawing paper, two triangles, a French curve, pencils, erasers, thumb tacks, etc. Delivered at Once The drawing table is the “Chiefs Own” adjustable folding Drawing Table, same as used and needed by first class drafts- men. The complete outfit and table are delivered to you at once, You have them to work with from the very first day. BeaDraftsman Draw $250°2° to $3002° Per Month There is an urgent demand for skilled draftsmen. Companies are issuing calls every day for men to fill positions paying from $250.00 to $300.00 per month. Work is light, pleasant and profitable. Chief Draftsman Will Instruct You Personally Iam Chief Draftsman of a large and well must be able to do to hold permanent, known firm. I have been doing the highest big paying positions I give paying expert drafting work for a quarter pe hon ay apo “aia 4 of a century and I know just the kind of aoa rah yee dangeemy RA training that is demanded from men who and do all get the big salaries. I train you by giving you actual, practical work, the kind that Pay as You Wish hind I mens Dont witer yrmncumsccensnssassenssnsnssss about expense Chief Draftsman Do you the working outfit oa if you get in at once. I charge a very cmailte fee for a ; be you to be an experien You can pay the small cost as suits you best. Dept. A-136 4001 Broadway, Chicago Without any obligations on me whatsoever, please mail your Send Coupon for My Big | sie" New Book 223222: jane I will ae absolutel: st and the great special offer that I mein ges hich you get und Seared Site eS Gel in hue't big pe special offer is the first step. Baa ae Lay Address 2.22 Chief Draftsman Dobe 0: sroaars; coven a SCHSHSSSSSSSSSSSESSSSSSSSESSSSOSESESES eseceeeoeceeres

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i A ANI OE non eer ettacnahi neha ate si shad ROSE me [tnt dl iasibedatesnsssainar mean ccandaeaaneaae clogs one eee Seodentrorantan! eS Pe ct iON A RE ROBY FOR INVENTORS 900 ——4 Movements, also illustrations explain- ing 50 Perpetual Motions. My k, Inventor's Uni- versal Edueaton Fifth Edition, tells how to procure and sell patents. Government and other costs. Covers the matter from A to Z. 1 pages elegantly bound. Con- tains noted decisions of U. S. Supreme and State Courts on Patent Cases. Mechanical Movements greatly assist inventors—suggest new ideas that may prove of great etd fn perfecting inventions. Tells how to select an Attor- ney. Has valuable information regarding Patent Sharks, Selling Agents and Brokers, Price $2. Postage Free everywhere. Fred G. Dieterich, 681 Ouray ‘Sullding, Washington, D. C. BLUEPRINTS: How to read. See page 9. Me- chanics’ Improvement Association. PATENTS—wWrite for free Guide Book and Evidence of Conception Blank. Send model or sketch of invention for free ee of its patentable nature. Highest ref- erences. easonable terms. Victor J. Evans & Company, 156 Ninth, Washington, D. C HAVE you a practical invention to sell outright or place on royalty? Send details to Adam Fisher Mfg. Co., 183 A, St. Louis, Missouri. PATENTS—My fee payable in monthly instalments. Send sketch for advice. Booklet free. Frank Fuller, Washington, D. C. Quick-Action Advertisements continued from page 10 INVENTORS, send sketch or model of your inven- tions for opinion concerning patentable nature and exact cost of applying for patent. Book, ‘“‘How to Obtain a Patent,” sent free. Gives information on patent pro- cedure and tells what every inventor should know. Estab- lished twenty-five years. Chandlee & Chandlee, 412 Seventh Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. M. E. MILLER, Ouray Building, Washington, D. C., patent attorney, mechanical and electrical expert. Best peasy of work and results. Moderate charges. Advice free DON’T lose your rights to patent protection. Before disclosing your invention to anyone send for blank form “Evidence of Conception’ to be signed and witn ; Form and information concerning patents free. Lancaster & Allwine, 232 Ouray Building, Washington, D. C., Originators of the form ‘‘Evidence of Conception.”’ PATENTS procured—trade marks registered—A com- prehensive, experienced, prompt service for the protection and development of your ideas. Preliminary advice gladly furnished without charge. Booklet of information and form for disclosing idea free on ag ee Richard B. Owen, 44 Owen Building, pamiagton,. . C., or 2276-Z Woolworth Building, New York PATENTS, prompt, personal, efficient service by an Attorney-at-law skilled in all agg - — practice Over 12 years’ actual experience. iatormation on request. . P. Fishburne, 323 MeGill B Building. Washing- INVENTORS: we make models, dies, tools. 28 | ton, D.C years’ experience; work guaranteed; lowest price. anu- facture of specialties our hobby. Peerless Die & Tool oe 9g syed free. H atgon Cole a Company, 121 Opera Place, Cincinnati, Ohio. Patent Lawyer, 624 F Street, Washington, D.C. INVENTORS—Sell your ideas of patents through Na- tional Institute of Inventors, 118 Fulton, New York City. Membership 2,500. We help you secure, develop and finance your inventions. Annual dues $10. PATENTS—Send for free book. Contains valuable in- formation for inventors. Send sketch of your invention for Free Opinion of its patentable nature. Prompt service. (Twenty years experience.) ee & Talbert, 4691 Tal- Dert Building, Washington, D. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask Cares for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.’’ It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘“‘How You Can Use Popular Science te Profitably.’"" You'd like to know, wouldn't you? Manager Classified Advertising Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New or PATENT ATTORNEYS PATENTS. If you have an invention which you wish to patent you can write fully and freely to Munn &.Co., for advice in regard to the best way of obtaining pro- tection. Please send sketches or a model of your invention and a description of the device, explaining its operation. All communications are strictly confidential. ur vast practice, extending over a period of seventy years, enables us in many cases to advise in regard to patentability without any expense to the client. Our handbook on Patents is sent free on request. This explains our methods, terms, etc., in regard to Patents, Trade Marks, Foreign Patents, etc., ‘Scientific American’’ contains Patent Office Notes. Decisions of interest to investors—and particulars of recently patented inventions. Munn & Co., Solicitors of Patents, 624 bb nee mage Building, New York, and 625 F Street, Washington, D. C.; Tower Building, Chicago, Illinois; Hobart Building, 528 Market Street, San Francisco, California. PATENTS—Herbert Jenner, Patent Attorney ce | Mechanical Expert, 622 F Street, Washington, D. C report if a patent can be had and its exact cost. end for circular. PATENTS, trade-mark, copyrtens. reasonable. Metzger, Washington, D : PATENTS Promptly procured—Personal, careful and efficient service. Highest references. Moderate fees. Send sketch or model for actual search and advice. George P. Kimmel, Master of Patent Law, 38-G Loan & Trust Building, Washington, D. C Charges very SUCCEED inventing. Brilliant book How to Finance Inventions, 242 pages sent $2 postpaid. Author will patent and manage your invention. Attorney Baff, Worcester, Massachusetts. PATENTS—Fees in installments. oo yg 7. eae. formerly Lieutenant, Engineers, Washingto: INVENTIONS patented trade-marks oer “Tabels prints, publications copyrighted; prompt service; reason: able fees; plain advice; request detailed information before placing your pee. Jaynes & Jaynes, 801 Kellogg, Washington, D. C ~ PATENT applications fled on pestial payment ¢ Gon Trade-marks, cop ts, etc. Milo B ey BE om- pany, 640 F Street, Washington. Established PATENT Attorney. Consulting _— Sie Patent Service in all its branches, Write for ee. M. H. Loughridge, 1457 Broadway, New York PATENTS—Write for free Illustrated Guide Book and Evidence of Conception Blank. Send model or sketch of invention for free opinion of its patentable nature. Highest References. Prompt attention. Reasonable terms. Victor J. Evans & Company, 155 Ninth, Washington, D.C. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask to-day for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Leg Of You'd like to know, wouldn't you? Manager Classified Advertising oo Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New ork. Popular Science Monthly SALESMEN wanted to -. Electric pate Clone Lighters ou and Moisteners. Salary or Com carry stock or we ship direct. Write for Special Offer. Drake —o-=- —gaael Company, 220 Grand, Milwaukee, Wis- co WANTED: Man with auto in every section to sell our Big Six-In-One 1991, comprising vise, pipe vise, anvil, drill press, cutting hardie and corundum grinder. Every yn janitor, private or public igs, 00" small shop, e & Prospective buyer. = a wei pounds. eats” a $24.00 with a fat profit to © trick to sell. Always i." Write Chicago Flexible Shaft Company, Dept. 7 5600 West 12th Street, Chicago. ABSOLUTELY Guaranteed Proposition. Spare time only. Two =o samples, ten cents. William Dudley Company, Dept. A, Albany, New York SIGN letters for windows at Snest prices. Genuine Ak. leaf. Chicago Sign System, T326 River Street, AGENTS wanted in every city and county to sell the most wonderful household necessity ever Sarena. State qgmnaes also open; select territory and write J. C. Bock anufacturing Company, Concordia, Kansas. AGENTS—Make $50 weekly taking orders for pa selling Goodyear raincoats; hundreds of orders wait $2 an 0 hour for spare time; we deliver and Leg sample coat te today for agency. Goodyear Mig. Com- pany. Als Goodyear Building; Kansas City, a or Woman, start anywhere; materials 250 1 retail for $5.00. Details free. Dept. 2'3 34013 University Avenue, Los Angeles, California. FREE—Latest issue. eens ———., Tells how to make your own goods. today. & H. Manu- facturing Laboratories, 10602, pa ~-4 Building: Chicago. SALESMAN—Side or Main line, to sell low priced 5,000 mile guaranteed tires. 30 x 3 non-skid sells for $11.95; other sizes in proportion money making pre roposition for live wires. Write, Consolidated Tire Co., 16 South Michigan, Chicago. AGENTS: $60 a week taking orders for Guaranteed Shoes for men, women, and children. Must give satis- faction or replaced free. Brand new proposition. Write quick for territory and samples. Thomas Shoe Company, 3661 North Street, Dayton, Ohio. AGENTS—Jobbers, Catchiest Novelty Aerial Balloon makes youngsters wild with joy. Im- n’s Large D competi Write Saeed Marui & Company, Tribune Building, New Yor AGENTS—$10-$15 daily. Every owner wants his gold initials on side door of automobile; applied while waiting; sale, $1.50; profit, $1.38. Write for general agency, our special offers and free samples. Monogram Supply ers. Dept. C, Bowers Building, Newark, New ersey. RIDEEZEE will pay big money to men with autos. Install Rideezee, the Better Than Air Inner Tire. Cheaper than tubes, a ‘light resilient substance guaranteed ten years. Equip your car at agent’s price. Sell to friends. The business of the future. Rideezee Company, St. Paul, Minnesota. AGENTS AND SALESMEN WANTED TAILORING Agents Wanted—Big complete sample outfit and case, nearly 200 large cloth samples, 3-price lists and everything needed = eareeune. or use in store, free to live agents. $25.00 to $50.00 a week; may make more. Write us to-day for free elegant outfit to cloth eamepaee,. wholesale prices, special offer on a suit for yourself and full information. See our won- erful value, beautiful fabrics and styles. Established 28 years. Every garment made to measure—everything guaranteed and express prepaid. Just send a ital. American Woolen Mills Company, Dept. 1407, cago. AGENTS—Make a dollar an hour. Sell Mendets, a patent patch for —_ mending leaks in all uten- sils. Sample package free. — Mfg. Company, Dept. 467, Amsterdam, New York SCIENCE creates new auto some solves puzzling problem; no more rain or snow blurred wi windshields: Mystic cloth works like magic; deposits invisible chemical an: one rub keeps — clear 24 hours; one agent sold 5,000. Security Mfg. Company, Dept. 217, Toledo. Ohio. SOMETHING new. A combination shoe horn and buttoner—not a button-hook—for universal use. Sells on ht at 15c; 100% profit. Sample 25c. es free. berty Novelties, 96 Warren Street, New York PATENTS—Send for free book. Contains valuable in- formation for inventors. Send sketch of your invention for Free Opinion of its patentable nature. Prompt service. (Twenty years experience.) Talbert & Talbert, Mend Tal- bert Building, Washington, D. C. GET your own patents. Save attorney’s fees; instruc- J oun advice free. Carl Larsen, Park Row Building, New York PATENTS: In all matters pertaining to invention con- sult National Institute of Inventors, 118 Fulton, New York City, having three thousand members. Booklet free. PATENTS !—The Expert Personal Service of this firm is of great importance to you in properly protecting your invention by patent. (Est. 1897.) Write to John B. Thomas & Co., 902 F Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. “INVENTORS Adviser’ sent ae -— request. Wil- lam C. Linton, 918 F Street, N. Washington, D. C. 362 University ‘Street, Montreal, ALD INVENTORS—My clients know ~ Ming step taken in prosecuting their applications. Booklet sent free on re- quest. Warner Cubberley, 20 National Union Building, Washington, D. C. LACEY Patent-Sense. Free. See page 136. PATENTS, Trade Marks, Copyrights. Prompt, per- sonal, reliable service. Over 30 years’ active practice. Write for terms. Book free. Address E. G. Siggers, Box i, N. U. Building, Washington, D. C. “The book the inventor keeps.” PROTECT your rights. Write for ‘“‘Record of In- vention,’”’ which contains forms to establish evidence of conception of your invention. Prompt personal service. Preliminary advice without charge. J. Reaney Kelly, 732 Woodward Building, Washington, D. C, POSTAL brings free booklet. All about patents and trademarks and their cost. ee 2 “4 Campbell, Patent Attorneys, 730 8th Street, Washingto “INVENTORS Bulletin” sent without charge. My free blank form ‘Inventors Record’’ for disclosing your es , eames procedure. Personal supervision. William Mulligan, Patent Attorney, 319-B, Woodward Building, Wakiegen D. C. INVENTIONS Patented; honest and reliable service; send for free booklet of information. Frank Ledermann 15 Park Row, New York. 12 $40 to $100 a week. Free samples. Gold a letters anyone can put on windows. Big demand. Liberal offer to general agents. Metallic Letter Company, 431A North Clark, Chicago. AGENTS—Something different. Our Eradium (Lumin- ous) Crucifix, actually shines in the dark. Startling! Mysterious! Wonderful! Enthusiasm follows every demonstration. 150% profit on every sale. Sole manu- facturers. The Pioneer Corporation, 1263 West 63rd Street, Chicago, Illinois. PORTRAIT agents—Send at once for new 1920 Catalog of Picture Frames and Enlargements. Save money on your frame purchases. Send us your portraits for —a and get the best a and service in the country. Hannan Co., Dept. A-15, 57 East 18th Street, Chicago. WONDERFUL New Coemient. ot 00 Package equal 50 gallons gasoline. Eliminates carbon. 50% more mile- age, power, speed. Guaran Whirlwind seller. Auto owners buy on sight. 100% profit. Repeater. Demonstrating package, terms, territory, 10c postage, Myers & Company, 36 Baird, Cambridge, Ohio. IDEAL Sideline. ‘Business men buy on sight. $1.00 seller, 400% profit. N. Home, 1957 Warren, Chicago. WONDERFUL chance! Men’s shirts and furnishing at wholesale rates, or make $10 daily starting real busi- _—. Goodell Company, 86 Duratex Building, New ork. 4 MEN and Women—Become Bn ype Ap de = business, experience necessary cci- dental Death, $30.00 Accident, $75. iy sick, Weekly Bene- fits, $10.50 yearly, half amounts Guaranteed steady income from renewals. $250, obo deposited $a ance Department. Registration Dept. ewark, $10 or more a week for your spare time — new and renewal subscriptions. We a, re ——— in every town in the United Sta A. lroy, Subscription Manager, Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New York. MB age nen Auto Tires growing and profitable es) aa 7. Easy to learn. Instruction 3 “si. lants Catalog free. Equipment Company, 149 Canal _ nnati, Ohio. MAKE and Sell’ Your. Own Goods. achinery un- necessary. ert Chemists advice. Special attention to beginners. Write for Formula Catalog, Elmer Mystic Company, Washington, D. C. BIG Money and Fast Sales. Every owner ane Gold Initials for his auto. You charge $1.50; make $1.35. Ten orders daily easy. Write for particulars and free samples. American Monogram Company, Dept. 47, East Orange, New Jersey. SIGN Agents to represent us in your locality; unlimited field. Samples free. Interstate Sign Company, Dept. A, 2620 North Halstead Street, Chicago. AGENTS and General Agents—Make traveling a profit instead of a loss. Go from town to town selling household necessities and securing new agents. Big income on your own and your agents’ work. Write quick. Duo Company, Dept. B16, Attica, New York. THE prosperous agent is a Davis agent. Line up for the Big Rush—$40-$60 weekly. ‘‘Lucky 11’’ and our 27 other varieties cut store price 1-3-}¢.Worth 150% to 200% for you. Davis Products Company, Dept. 51, Chicago. LYNER TYRES, inside reinforcement for automobile tires, double mileage, prevents punctures and blowouts. pe oy easily installed. Protected territory; prompt rvice. $100.00 weekly easily made. Free ‘booklet. Pelletier Rubber, Box 322, Cincinnati, Ohio. $732.25 earned January by one man; others made $200.00 to $500.00 same month. With auto season just ahead our agents will dovble—triple this. You can do the same, selling this wonderful new invention—guaranteed to prevent punctures and lessen cost per mile of tire. Dept. A, Tire In-Sole Mfg. Company, Findlay, Ohio. AGENTS: $100 Weekly. Automobile owners every- where wild with enthusiasm. Marvelous invention doubles power, mileage, efficiency. Saves ten times its Sensational sales everywhere. wing going like $26 Sample Outfit and. Ford Car free. Write L. Ballwey, Dept. 181, Louisville, Kentucky. STOP! Read twice! Mg a hen hI Friend”’ offers rofit, money back for failure to remove grease spots from clothes and exclusive territory. 25c coin brings ee Write to day, Anson E, Palmer, 1,615 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. MAKE $30.00 next Saturday. Speederator for Fords selling like wildfire. Used by Ford Motor officials. Makes any Ford run like a Packard. Stops stalling and bucking. Put on quick—instant satisfaction. No holes to bore. Sell ten to twelve a day easy. Splendid profits and exclusive territory. Write quick for information. Address oo Company, 1049 ayward Building, Detroit, chigan. ADVERTISING solicitors, experienced; highly remun- erative work. Box 83, Station B, Montreal, Canada. SELL tires. Big advance in several standard make rubber tires makes our high grade low priced auto tires sell like hot cakes at old prices. Saas wanted to use and sell direct to car owners. Big profits. Auto Tire Clearing House, 1523 West 15th Street, Bhicago, Tllinois. SALESMEN—$10-$15 daily selling gold transfer letters for autos to supply stores, garages, etc. Send for free samples; general agency given. Transfer Bedi Com- pany, Bowers Building, Newark, New Jerse SEND for free catalogue ‘Golden a, Typewritten formulas, trade secrets in every line, chem- ical analysis. 23 years manufacturing experience. No penne Satisfaction guaranteed. Industrial Sales Service, 73 Washington, Memphis, Tennessee. $40,000. Korstad, a farmer, did $2, Sleicher, a minister, 3195 first cash, made, paid, banked by Stoneman, in 30 days; $15,000 to date.’ A hot or cold en water bath. equipped for any home at only $6.50. Self-heating. No plammbing or water-works required. — ate. Ex- ove sale. Credit given. Send no money. ‘rite letter r postal to-day. Allen Mfg. Co., 541 Allen Building, Toledo, Ohio. AGENTS: Big money selling great household in- vention. Sample 25c. Particulars free. Webster & Company, 2935 North Clark Street, Chicago. Quick-Action Advertisements continued on page 14 $75.00 weekly selling Liberty-Blue Ink Powder. Enthusi- astic Agents Everywhere. Sample and attractive proposi- tion free. Norman Ovri, Hemet, California. a WoT go,

Page 149

June, 1920 8.320 B UTLINGTONS 1 3 the U.S. Now 8,320 Burlingtons have been sold to the men sliced the U. S. battleships. Practically every vessel in the U. S. Navy has many Burlington watches aboard. Some have over 100 Burlingtons. The victory of the Burlington among the men in the U. S. Navy is testimony to Burlington superiority. A watch has to be made of sturdy stuff in order to “‘make g ’* om a man-of-war. ‘The constant vibration, the extreme heat in the boiler rooms, the cold salt air and the change of climate from the Arctic to the Tropical are the most severe tests on a watch. If a watch will stand up and give active service aboard a man-of-waf, it will stand up anywhere. ; a | -Jewel 50 Burlington A Month And yet you may get a 21-jewel Burlington for only $3.50 a month. ‘Truly it is the master watch. 21 ruby and sapphire jewels, adjusted to the second, temperature, isochronism and positions, Fitted at the factory in a gold strata case, warranted for 25 years. All the newest cases are yours to choose from. You pay only rock-bottom price—yes, ‘‘bed rock-bottom price’’—the lowest price at which the Burlington is sold. e ] You don’t pay a cent to anybody until you see the watch. We Si €é Tt Fi Lr. 5 ZT ship the watch to you on approval. You are the sole judge. No ~ © obligation to buy merely because you get the watch on approval. Write for Booklet! Put your name and address in the coupon or on a letter Burlington Watch Co., Mme > A-136 or post card now and get your Burlington Watch book free 19th Street & Marshall Bivd., Chicago, Ill. and prepaid. You will know alot more about watch buy- ‘. Please send me (without obligations and —_ your ing when you read it. Too, you will see handsome illus- free book on watches with full explanation of your cash or trations in full color of all the newest cases from which exe $3.50 a month offer on the Burlington Watch. you have to choose. The booklet is free. Merely send your name and address on the coupon. Burlington Watch Company, 19th Street and Marshall Blvd., Dept. A-136Chicago, Illinois Canadian Office: 338 Portage Ave., Winnipeg, Man. Name

Page 150

aon cm A

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} a ala NMG DMRS A es ints SEY Mid OE

MAN ip each town to refinish chandeliers, ayt =] automobiles, by new method. ‘et daily without capital or ex pemseese. Write Gunmetal Company, Avenue “F, Decatur, Ill. PATENTS. Write for Free Illustrated Guide Book. Gend sketch or model for free opinion of its patentable mature. Highest references. mpt attention. Rea- gonable Terms. Victor J. Evans & Co., 174 Ninth, Washington, D. C

Quick-Action Advertisements continued from page 12 AUTOMATIC Cuff Links. Cuffs over elbows instantly without unbuttoning; lowered, the Sell like wildfire; great convenience and savers; evarmous demand everyw! Liberal sition for experienced a agents. Expandolinks Jewelers, Sheboygan, Wisco hey close automatically.

beral exclusive propo-

NE ay ll Window Operator; windows shut 7 automatically. mele postpaid, $1.00. ~ “t/a” Win- dow Company, 2107 orth Percy, Philadelphia

SALESMEN, h grade, for state and county agen- cles; a, ‘aev +t sees electric bells forever without batteries. eading manufacturer. Sound, per- manent B35 y * are already making good money; territory being rapidly assigned; references and previous experience essential. Betts & Betts Corporation, Betts Building, 42nd Street, New York. AGENTS: Big profits. Best and cheapest window letters made. Easily apeies Dime brings five sam- ples. Particulars free. taibrite Company, 1115 Second Avenue, New York. SALESMEN—City or travelling. Experience un- necessary. Send for list of lines and full particulars. ty oe in spare time to earn the big salaries—$2,500 to a year. Employment services rendered members. National Salesmen’s Training Association, Dept. 126G, Chicago, Illinois. WONDERFUL Adding Machine—Seven column ca- ity—retails for one dollar. Sclls itself everywhere, Riost offices purchase several. Sensational ency propo- sition. L. J. Leishman C)., Dept. F, Ogden, Utah. AGENTS: Sell rich looking 36x38 imported 8, $1.00 each. Carter, Tenn., sold 115 in 4 days; profit, $57. You can do same. Write for sample offer and selling plan; exclusive territory. Sample rug by_parcel post : epaid, $1.39. E. oe Importer, 12 Pearl Street, Boston, Massachusetts

AGENTS make 500% profit handling auto mono- ams, new patriotic pictures, window letters, transfer and novelty signs. Catalog free. Hinton Com- pany, Star City, Indiana. Bent want live representatives in your locality selling ull Dog Inner Tires. Inner casing for automobile tires. he a, to prevent punctures and blow-outs, tire fabric not canvas. Double tire mileage. Easy to sell. Big demand. Protected territory. Agents making $150.00 weekly. Eastern Auto Specialty Company, Dept. B., Utica, New York. AGENT Johnson made $10.00 first evening. ulars, ‘‘Taymor,” W-335 Broadway, New York. WERE you ever offered a grocery store? You can handle Sugar, Flour, Canned Goods, Dried Fruit, Coffee and entire line of Groceries, as well as Paints, Roofing, Aluminum Ware and Automobile Oils, with no rent to pay: no money invested; take large orders from sam- Goods are guaranteed and proven quality. Sell- ~y “experience not necessary. Steady, profitable work for ‘‘workers.’"” Address Hitchcock-Hill Company, Dept. = a Iilinois. Reference: any Bank or Express omp aE Burners for Furnaces, Cook and Heat- ing Stoves. Economy Mfg. Company, 616 West Mon- roe, Chicago. SANITARY Wire-Griv Brushes, Dustless Mops, Dust- less Furniture Dusters, Automobile Brushes, etc., are the big money-makers of the year. Exclusive territory for live salespeople. North Ridge Brush Co., 115 Clark Street, Freeport, Illinois. $5.00 to $25.00 daily monogramming automobiles, etc., with Globe Transfer Initials. Particulars free; samples 10c. Globe Decalcomania Company (Factory), Newark- New Jersey. West of Rockies, 1785 Green Street, San Francisco. SPLENDID opportunity for live sales managers to control City, County and State agencies for ‘‘Rexblu.”’ Stevens Wiley Mfg. Company, Inc., Fairhill and Dia- mond Streets, Philadelphia. AGENTS—Steady Income. Large manufacturer of Handkerchiefs and Dress Goods, etc., wishes representa- tive in each locality. Factory to consumer. Big profits. honest goods. Whole or spare time. Credit given. Send for particulars. Freeport Mfg. Company, 24 Main Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. BIG profits selling Jubilee Spark Intensifier to auto owners, garages. Banishes spark plug trouble. Saves gas. ————- territory. Jubilee Mfg. Co., 84 Sta. C, Omaha, ebraska. AGENTS—Salary and commission; Guaranteed Auto- mobile specialty; something ~~ everybody buys; E. Relax Company, Norwood, Ohic YOUR spare time properly used is worth at least $10.00 a week. Write for particulars. Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New York. AGENTS and Crew Managers: New fast selling food snoieny Livest article. Packed your label. Write or wire. Federal Pure Food Company, 2305-H Archer Avenue, Chicago. SENSATIONAL Ford invention. Ford owner reports 100% se — Prevents carbon. hance of lifetime for Write Gasoline Economy Com- pany, 1608 Colonial Trust Building, Philadelphia. GET our plan for monogramming automobiles, trucks, hand luggage and all similar articles by transfer ‘method: experience unnecessary; exceptional profits. Motorists, Accessories Company, Mansfield, Ohio. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask to-day for a@ copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder." It contains gome really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells ‘‘How You Can Use Popular Science Monthly Profitably.'’ You'd like to know, wouldn’t you? Manager Classified Advertising, poomar Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New ork.

Partic-

ONE sale a day means $200 per month. Five a day— Maervalows new Automatic aos Machine, retails $12.50. eq $300 mac antee. Write quick for protected territory and trial o: ore "Calculator Corporation, Dept. O, Grand Rapids, Michigan.

ENTS—Men and women wanted. New Monitor AG Self-heating Iron; $30 to $50 a week actually being mate now by men and women. The original—the best—th lowest ae Nickel plated, looks good, makes eed. sells fast. Guaranteed. No ex E

perience needed. X- clusive tory. Work all or spare e. M Nickson, Vt., sold € first halt day. ans, N. C., soid 2 dozen on li mp! ce. Send for free outfit The Monitor Sad Iron offer. Write today. Company, 235 Fay Street, Big Prairie, Ohio.

A Big Advertiser Speaks Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New York City.

Gentlemen: Our experience in the classi- fied columns of Popular Science Monthly has been very satisfac- tory. The results received have been from high-class specialty salesmen who are the only kind that can sell our high-grade line of products. We manufacture a line of food products and toilet preparations that are above the average, require both men and women of ability to sell them, and we have found that we get this class of people as the result of our advertisements in your classified section. Needless to state we will use Popular Science Monthly regularly. Very truly yours, AMERICAN Propucts COMPANY This well-known concern is undoubtedly one of the biggest classified advertisers in America today, and it is reasonable to assume that they are experts in the matter of selecting the proper type of medium to carry their message to the public. They maintain a most complete system for keying their advertise- ments, which enables them to tell at a glance exactly what each advertisement, in each issue of each publication is producing. The fact that they haven't missed a single issue of Popular Science Monthly in over five years er answer YOUR question—‘‘Does it ayer. Classified Advertising Manager POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 225 West 39th Street New York City

ful re Free Past 6 th, Haluth, Minnesota. SELL Pegg ag wees Wonder. It’s a wonder- samples to boost sales. Skytt, 725

Agents coining money. New Big profits. Mission Angeles, California. CALIFORNIA Ranepon®. selling like hot cakes. Stuff. Tremendous demand. Bead Company, Factory C, Los

assured. Novelty Cutlery Canton, Ohio. EASY, pleasant work for mechanics, shop men, clerks, —_— spare hours, will add many dollars to their salaries. so want persons who can give full time. Big w: ompany, 27 Bar Street,

INSYDE Tyres, inner armor for Automobile Tires, prevent punctures and double mileage of any tire. Lib- eral profits. Details free. American Accessories Co., Dept. 97, Cincinnati, Ohio. AGENTS make $50 weekly selling Accident and Sick- news Policies for $10 yearly. Pays $5,000 death, increasing to $7.500. Also $25 weekly benefit for accident or sickness.

Quick claim settlements. Permanent income from re-_ newals. $100,000 deposited with State. Address In- surance Company, Dept. A-5, Newark, New Jersey. 500 Agents wanted at once for Mitchell’s Magic Marvel Washing Compound. 300% profit, enormous repeater. Washes clothes spotlessly clean in ten to fifteen minutes. One thousand other uses in every home. Astounds and delights every woman. Nothing else like it. Nature's mig —. nage Contains no lye, lime, acid, or wax. to boost sales. We Positively guarantee Fhe aS = of ae .» Xe ckage. Exclusive territory. wn your own 6 cannot fail to make big money. Barber, ie ae a ——, ~~ for pee ree sample and chance. (

proof. ge grab L, Mitchell & Company, ak "301, 1% i314 eS 61st, Chicago De SELL eaceestties Everybody needs a buys the Pa Bryant cleared $800 in July. Send 8a ceiammpte, ite ute Nichols Company, Box 1B, 14

and tubes; supersedes vulcanization at a savi 800 per cent.; minutes, and is tube; sells to every auto owner and particulars how to address Amazon Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. AGENTS—Best seller; Jem Rubber Repair ~ tires of over put it on cold, it vulcanizes itself in two g nteed to last the life of the tire or ry dealer. - For make big money revid free sam ~4 Rubber Co.,: 504 Amazon Buil

AGENTS—“Make-Em-White” Washing and Cleaning Tablets, regular gold mine for Spring—profits enormous— Free Sample—Exclusive territory. B. Thayer, 2142C Clybourn Avenue, Chicago.

ad to Recognition.”’ A delightfully ne Ro: little book brimful of inspiration. Just the ti impre 8 a yours man to better effort.’ Price paid k Department, Popular Science Monthly, No. 225 Weet 39th Street, New York.

AGENTS—Sell Laundry Tablets under your own name and brand. Free sam _ and — furnished with every order. Parti free; mples fifteen cents. Krebs E. Products, College Point, New York.

Quick-Action Advertisements continued on page 14 and underwear all or Son ee a DROP everything else Sell oye Bilk hosiery consumer. Big money maker. ig commissions. Prom: Poi-sh and Rug Cleane Something new, samples and perticulars 35c. Keen-O Polish Company, 1605 Prairie Avenue, Ke- nosha, Wisconsin.

SALESMEN wanted—Gum-peanut vending machine —— collect $2.50 to $8.00 commissions each sale, $10. 00 to $20.00 daily easy. Commissions on refills. *Sanichu.” 3624 Cottage Grove, Chicago, Illinois. SIGNS for store and offices. Entirely new. $50 week —_ made. Chicago Sign System, T-326 River Street, icago.

AGENTS’ directory—Listing over 1,000 rapid sell agent specialties with first hand sources of supply ots ages, 1920 edition; tpaid 25c. Swanson, ansas Avenue, Kansas sity, Kansas. WATER stills, made ey of a Sone copper, one or three gallon capacity, prices $25. $40, 90, respectively. Shipped prepaid by Fores or Lenka naar e same day we receive your order. Ideal for or distilling od for automo- bile batteries, industrial and drinking purposes. ann al & Company, 802 Farham Building, Omaha, Ne-

DOUBLE your income every week. Nature does it while you slee lf addressed envelope for report. V. B. Company, Pearl River, New York. NATIONAL magazine will pay fifty cents on the dollar to a agents. Motor Guide, Publishers Row, Rochester, Indiana. AGENTS—we offer you $8 a day selling new concen- trated soft drinks; great summer hit; 30c. bottle makes 32 glasses; all flavors; just add water; lightning seller; small package; carry in pocket; outfit furnished free: send postal to-day. American Products Co., 2351 American Building, Cincinnatl, Ohio. THREE Licks Razor aaa. will make any razor split hair. Agentswanted. Sample $2. Three Licks Strop Com- pany, Toledo, Ohio. AGENTS wanted to = — pillow tops, portraits, frames, etc. Get our free sample roll offer to agents. Service Art Company, Station D, Phareee, Illinois.

HELP WANTED

BE a Finger Print Expert—$25 to $50 a week and more in this new and fascinating profession. Finger Print Experts hold positions of independence and trust. Work intensely interesting. ‘They are in big demand by banks, corporations, big factories, detective agencies, etc. You can qualify. Write today for special limited offer and oo illustrated Bcok. Tells all about Finger Prints. Uni- versity of Applied ee, Room 1866, 1920 Sunnyside Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. GOVERNMENT positions are desirable. $1000-$2000 to start. Let our expert (Former Government Exam- Iner) prepare you. Free booklet. Patterson Civil Ser- vice School, Box 5026, Rochester, New York. WE want representatives in every factory. You can easily earn $10 or $15 a week od pending an none a day of your spare time. Write acElroy, Subscrip- tion Manager, Popular add Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New York. “WRITE for newspapers and magazines. B Experience unnecessary. Govytiens book free ‘ Press Reporting Syndicate, 4905, Reporting Syndicate, 4005, St. Louis, 00 DETECTIVES earn big money. Travel. Experience free. Write

unnecessary. We train you. Particulars rh American Detective System, 1968 Broadway, New York. BE a_ detective. Excellent opportunity, good > travel. Write C. T. Ludwig, 424 Westover Bide Kk ox: City, Missouri. BE a Mirror Expert, $3-$10 a day; spare time home at first; no capital; we train, start you making and sil- vering mirrors, French method. Free prospectus. W. F. Derr, Pres., 579 Decatur Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. FIREMEN, Brakemen, Baggagemen, $140-$200, Colored Porters, by railroads overs where. Seneeianes unnecessary. 830 Railway Bureau, East St. Louis, Hilinols. Bang = ag tee. French Plate. asy earn; immense pro’ et free. Sam W Excelsior Springs, Missouri. aed DETECTIVES make big money opportunities. Write Detroit, Michigan. VULCANIZING auto tires growing and profitable pustnes a4 ee ten cs ‘Catato to . ee heme 4 Plan up. a e free. ment Sooner. 21 Canal, Cincinna' Ohio, — MEN —Age 17 to 45. SRT unnecessary. Travel, make secret investigations, reports. Salaries, expenses. American Foreign Detective Agency, 321, St. Louis. WRITE Photoplays; $50 each. Experience unneces- sary; details free to beginners. Producers’ League, 194, St. Louis , STOP daily grind. Start silvering mirrors, auto head- Beate. tableware, etc. Plans free. Clarence Sprinkle, Dept. 95, Marion, Indiana. BLUEPRINTS: How to read. See page 9. Mc- chanics’ Improvement Association. MR. ADVERTISER: Ask to-day. for a copy of the “Quick-Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some really important facts which will prove interesting and valuable to you. It also tells “‘How You Can Use Popular Science or mem & ** You'd like to know, wouldn’t you Manager Classified Advertising, ogg Science Aonthiy. 235 West 39th Streit, New ror DETECTIVE’S Earn Big Money. Travel, et

Be one! Excellent Amcrivan School of Criminology,

opportunity. ba Johnson's Detective Correspo nden = -. Dept. H, 232 Sheldon Avenue, Grand Rapids. chigan.

RAILWAY traffic inspectors earn from $110 to $200 per month and expenses. Travel if desired. Unlimited ad- vancement. o age limit. We train you. Positions fur- nished under guarantee. Write for Booklet CM-13, Standard Business Training Institute, Brooklyn, New York.

PATENTS—Book free. Send sketch for free opinion of atentable nature. ke. arate & Talbert, 4846 Talbert Build- ng, Washington, D. RAILWAY mail 7 City mail carriers wanted government. Commence $100 month. Men 18-45. positions free. Write immediately. Franklin Institute, ept. S 50, Rochester, New York. BE pros: Ss. Painting portraits on glass; silvering mirrors; ating tableware; metal piecing. Instructions ae lete $1.00. Send to-day. Address N . Rorick, Dept. 7 Carroll Street, Akron, Ohio.

June

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June, 1920 # iN: 4 e Course in Secret Service Write quick for particulars of this amazing offer-—a complete Course in Secret Service Intelligence — F REE! This remarkable course is based on the deductions of one of the world’s most famous criminologists and is so clearly written that it makes the science of crime detection a simple study in common sense. It explains in detail the accepted methods of shadowing, roping and tracing—and also gives the complete history and solu- tion of many celebrated crimes. In a word, it is the most complete and accurate source of knowledge available on the fascinating subject of Secret Service . Intelligence. Earn Big Money We are making this extraordinary offer to induce more men to take up Finger-Print work to supply the pressing need for experts. Wonderful opportunities await you in this fascinating and highly paid vocation. Gov- ernments, corporations, police departments, institutions, and individuals are constantly in need of trained Finger-Print Experts. The field is as wide as the world; the pay is big, the work intensely interesting. BeaFinger-Print Detective Learn in Spare Time Learn this great game at home in your spare time. No matter what your present occupation —you can easily and. quickly master every branch of the Finger-Print Detective’s work and take one of the fine jobs now open. Itisa new, uncrowded field in which large fees are often collected for a few hours’ work. Many earn up to $8,000 a year. Get into this great game, now! There never was a better time! Finger-Print Outfit Free Mail the coupon now for big free illustrated Book on Finger Prints. With it you will also receive details of our amazing offer of a Finger- Print Outfit Free. The outfit is complete and contains genuine working instruments—the same as used by experts. With its use you will get practical training in the intensely interesting work of Finger Prints and will soon be fitted for a big-pay job as a Finger-Print Detective. If you write at once we will also include particulars of our special extra offer of the Free Course in Secret Service Intelligence. Act quick while these amazing offers are still open. Mail coupon or write now. University of Applied Science Desk A-120, 1920 Sunnyside Ave., Chicago, Ill. Te ee UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCE, Desk A-120, 1920 Sunnyside Ave., Chicago, Ill. __Gentlemen: Without any obligation whatever, send me your new Free book on Finger Prints, and your offer of @Free course in Secret Service Intelligence. coal OR PE eT ee ery eet he lay RE issie gest PER Pe ET OO eT OOP. 6 nck Ese y State.......seee. Age....... Occupation ........0.00. Ssbvrnnktns sheen HINK for a moment what a big part your voice plays in your life! Do you realize that it may mean to you the difference between success and failure? Do you know that many men have risen to big jobs, high salaries, positions of prominence and leader- ship, through the power of their voices— while other men of equal ability have never gotten beyond small pay, routine work simply because their voices lacked the power and forcefulness to put their ideas across? What impression does your voice make on others? Does it command attention and Tespect—does it possess that clear, strong, magnetic quality that draws people to you, that makes them listen eagerly to what you have to say? Can you speak in public and ,make your voice ring with conviction—can you sway your hearers to your wishes, inspire them with enthusiasm, hold them in rapt at- tention through the power of your voice? The World Judges You By Your Voice a0 RT Success - Compelling, Friend - Winning Through this amazingly simple secret you can quickly have a strong, clear voice of magnetic power that wins admiration, popularity and _ success. SENG LEE Tete Lc ces Sc Your Voice can now through a wonder- ful new method gain a per- fect voice of success-com- pelling, friend - winning force. It is all a matter of knowing how to con- trol the organs which produce the voice. Un- less you know the principles of proper control, no amount of exercises or prac- tice of the ordinary kind will make your voice perfect. Now, through the wonderful, scientific dis- covery of Eugene Feuch- tinger, the famous voice culturist, a perfect voice can be yours. This internation- ally known authority has who ever expects perfectedanamazingly simple {,22¢7* jn, 2*Me Nething can con- vince others more strongly than a The man or woman whose voice is weak, husky, flat and monotonous cannot hope to make a favorable impression on others. He or she is im- mediately passed by as un- interesting and unimportant. Voices that are harsh and grating, droning, sing-song, high-pitched, hesitating and lifeless mean a tremendous handicap to their owners every day of their lives. Do Not Be Held Back By Do You Stammer, Stutter or Lisp? No longer is there any need of suffering from the disadvantages and embarrassment of a.defective voice. Stuttering, stammering and lisping can be banished forever by this remarkable new method. If you have any defect of speech, you owe it to yourself to take advantage of this opportunity Neglect is almost criminal when there is such an easy and simple way to obtain a perfect voice. Write Prof. Feuchtinger to-day. vantage of this system of remarkable offer. vocal train- ing that strengthens the con- trolling muscles of your voice and brings out its full power and beauty. Easy, Silent Practice at Home A few minutes each day in silent practice by the exclusive Feuchtinger method soon gives you a perfect singing and speaking voice. In a remarkably short time you will be thrilled with pride to find your voice possessed to correct it. An Imperfect Voice.— You can make your voice win for you. No matter what type of voice you have now, you can quickly improve it. You can have a voice of rich, vibrant quality, wide range of tone, a voice of dominating power that marks you as a leader among men, that wins admiration and popularity ’ wherever you go. For sing- >ing, too, you can possess a voice of splen- did quality and range such as you have never dreamed possible. A Simple Secret That Brings Amazing Results Anyone can easi- ly have a singing voice of _ clear, resonant beauty and wide range of tone through this remarkable method of vocal Every man or woman in business or social life, every singer or public speaker, everyone who stutters, stammers or lisps 15 control of new power, brilliance and beauty. Thousands of people all over the world have obtained almost marvelous results in improving their voices through this wonder- ful system. Famous European operatic singers, emi- nent public speakers, men and women in all walks of life enthusiastically endorse the Feuchtinger method. Send for Free Illustrated Book Make your voice a success-magnet, a friend- winner. Don’t let it misrepresent you, antagonize people against you, thwaft your ambitions. If you want a good singing voice, clear, true and vibrant— if you want a good speaking voice, strong, vigorous and confidence-inspiring—if your voice is in any way defective, let Eugene Feuchtinger show you the way to a perfect voice. His method is guaranteed. The whole wonderful secret of a perfect voice is explained fully in an interesting Book which will be sent for the asking. Fill out and mail the Coupon now. PERFECT VOICE INSTITUTE Studio A-120, 1772 Wilson Ave., Chicago, Ill. A ACR SN MIRE RT A A RT NG IRI PERFECT VOICE INSTITUTE Studio A-120, 1772 Wilson Ave., Chicago, Ill. Send me your free illustrated Book, ‘Voice Culture” and facts about the Feuchtinger Method. I have put (X) opposite subject which interests me most. I assume absolutely no obligation. Singing..... Stammering..... Age.... Speaking... p BBR rie MOM eis as 2k eo cS eee ROOD 5.55 5s 6 BEE OORT Poi Gee ee ts eS SeeE eS cess °

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op pene oer RT se ee ee et norman Ie sass pA NEY SRN BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES ENTER a new business. a S; 000 to $6,000 yearly in professional fees males 208 fit a@ foot specialty, openings everywhere with i, -! you can attend to; easily ~ ag by - %A —¥ home in a few = at small expe no further capital to buy, joo “hastine, required; no __ solict' dress es — Laboratory, 15 Bac assa- Say, “Boston, M BEGINNERS—Complete “Mail Order System.” Ad- dress Box 1005, Atlantic City. WE start you in business, furnishing everything. Men and vem. $30.00 to $100.00 weekly operating our ‘‘New System Specialty Candy eg al anywhere. Oppor- tunity lifetime. oy free. H. Ragsdale Company, East Orange, N BUILD a — — Phonograph and save over half. Fine profits building and selling. We fur- nish motors, tone arms and necessary parts. Send for our catalog and Free blue print offer. horaleon Phono- graph Company, 623 Monger Building, Elkhart, Indiana. BIG profits raising Belgian Hares. We __ you $6.00 pair and express. Contract, literature 10c. Co-opera- tive Supply Company, Dept. K, St. Francis, Wisconsin. SUBSTANTIAL manufacturing corporation wants sspetie m man to establish branch and manage salesmen; $1,500 necessary; you handle own money; allow expenses to Baltimore if you will qoasy a. rticulars address Secretary, 416 North Howard Street, altimore, Maryland. CONTROL new exclusive “85° capital record exchange business for your —_ 5 capital required. Satco Science, Oneonta, New Y BUILD up your own business. We will manufacture article in demand ey retailing $1.50, under your label, at 30c each. W ntee to teach you how to sell retail wholesale, through “agents, personally, and by mail free. Tremendous repeat business; one of our customers made $1000 one month. Write for proof. —— Laboratories, 27 Court Street, Brooklyn, New or HOME-WORK! Ten valuable Articles, instructions for making, how and where to sell them, only $1.00. Act now and succeed to-morrow. Home Aid Company, West Milan, New Hampshire. RAISE Silver Foxes! Large peo. Easy to mane. Exceptional opportunity. New syndicate. Easy Particulars free. C. T. Dryz, 5244-87 South - Avenue, ——- TEN CE e ae Be Bo yaa vag makes one int Fe ample D. Metiler, Auis Street, New a. New) fis Quick-Action Advertisements continued from page 14 ART leaded stained glass window work, beautiful effects nn signwork, ete. necessary material, inlustrated pa Ed. Mahler (Box if Woodhaven, New $1 does it. Texas oil land making holders big money every aay. Bank references furnished. Investigate us thoroughly, that’s all we ask. ts count. Our plan $1 down, balance monthly, few months gives you Warranty Deed to land. May pay profits $200 or more monthly. Maps, reports, established facts free. Address Sourlake Texas Oil Co., 866 DeMenil, St. Louis, Missouri. LEARN all about auto tractor and gas engine business. ee S opporcuatty to every ambitious man wishing to earn $1 $400.00 month. Write for free book, “Making: you Master of the Auto.’’ Milwaukee Motor Schoo! ept. 895, 555-7 Downer Avenue, Milwaukee. REAT. estate is booming. Why not learn the business; have an owice of your own and make fat commissions? We teach you by mail in 21 lessons. Write for ow P, Free. Frederick Jenkins, New Rochelle, New York FREE—The Western Miner three months to get acquainted; devoted to an exceptional investment and general news. The Western iner, 2541 West 37th Avenue, Denver, Colorado. SIGNS—Start a business at home, something every store needs. Learn to make glass and electric signs by our new easy process without the use of brush. Big money, easy to learn. First sign wil! pay cost of learning. Morris Electric Sign & Mirror Co., Box 74, Westport Station, Kansas City, Missouri. WE will start you in the cleaning and dyeing business. little capital needed, big profits. Write for booklet. The Ben-Vonde System, Dept. E, Charlotte, North Carolina. THE builders’ weal and oqvigment business requires no capital and commissions can be earned while business is being learned by mail. Particulars free. Construction Bureau, 334 Shepard Building, Grand Rapids, Michigan. PATENTS—Book free. Send sketch for free opinion of potentabis nature. Talbert & Talbert, 4847 Talbert Build- ng, Washington. D. C. STAMPS AND COINS NEVER Sell Old Coins until you see our Copyrighted 6x9 Illustrated Coin Value ty (New Edition)—show- ing high prices we pay. d for 1894 dime. S Mint. Send 10c for Bs co att You may have valuable coins. Internatio ay. Coin Co., Box 151-M, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. CALIFORNIA gold, quarter size, 27c:; $% size ,53c. White cent and catalogue 10c. Norman Shultz, King City, Missouri. 100 Different Stamps, 10c; Michaels, 5600 Prairie, Chicago. 200, 25c. Approvals. STUDY Human Nature, make people like you, ond along better, make more money, —— a winni sonality, learn to know poopie as th A —_. (stamps) for *‘Personal tn “7 a littl 7 = Address, Progr: New USED Correspondence Courses of ve Rf sold. (Courses bought.) Lee Mountain, Pisgah, A YOU can earn $50 to $150 a week as an a Experience unnecessary. Particulars for ao. BR. P. er, Dept. 60, 156 West Vernon, Los Angeles I MADE $30 a week evenings with a small mail-order business. Free Booklet tells how. 2c postage. Al Scott, Cohoes, New York. MEN Wanted—Manufacturing ‘concern wants men to open office and manage salesmen; wonderful oo ig A to make big money; from $200 to $2000 necessary. Write Director of Sales, Connery Machine & Tool Company, Springfield, Mass. START Business. Practical chemists will supply you with formulas, on secrets, chemical information, manufacturing ocesses, analysis. Klonin -& Com- pany, 5169 Jefterson Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. PATENTS Procured—Trade Marks A comprehensive, experienced, prompt service for the pro- tection and development of your ideas. Preliminary advice & fur without charge. Booklet . of information and form for disclosing idea free on juest. Richard B. Owen, 44 Owen Building, Washington, D. C. EXPERT Chemist will caren Formula and Trade Secrets in all lines. Lists free L. Cummings, Ph.D., Gordon Avenue, Syracuse, New York, VULCANIZING Auto 7. ee and_ profitable ay opeteny now. learn. Instruction k si. Plants $50 up. = He free. Equipment am 151 ‘Canal Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. BE a_ detective. Excellent ——, good pay, tg Pg Write C. T. Ludwig, 424 Westover Bldg., K: ‘ity, DOLLARS yearly in your backyard. No ginseng, mushroom dope. New ideas. Investi; pie. Particulars free. C. Met % 313 East 89th St., New INSYDE tyres, inner armor for aatOAGbIIS tires, double mileage and prevent punctures and blowouts. Quickly applied. Cost little. Demand tremendous. ls free. American Automobile Accessories Co., Dept. 97B. Cincinnati, Ohio BUY and exploit practical inventions. Trade for ee perty. Form companies. Sell county — Adam Fisher Mfg. Co., 183D, St. Louis, Missouri “WOULD you like to study law in your spare moments? I have a spendid opportunity to offer you. Send me your name and address right now. C. F. Dunlap, 1027 Manhattan Building, Chicago. MAN or Woman, start anywhere; materials that cost equipment. Call or write for literature. Anderson Steam Vulcanizer Company, 2302 Grand Avenue, Kansas City, Missouri. MAN or - Woman, start anywhere; materials that cost 25c retail for $5.00. Details free. . Dept. 1, 3401% une Avenue, Los Angeles, California. © You know every move your attorney makes? In- wannnek my clients are immediately informed of every step in the prosecution of their. applications. Write now send sketch. Office of Warner I. Cubberley, Patent Attorney, 20 National Union Building, Washington, D. C. 20,000 honest, legitimate, workable mail order formulas, $2.00. Nearly ‘all new. Covers practically entire field. Money back guarantee. C.J. Callender, Square Deal Mail Order Man, 3237 Garfield Avenue, Kansas City, Missouri. $10,000 a year is not unreasonable for you to expect if you answer this advertisement. Necessary qualifications any age, ordinary intelligence, and ambition. This is the greatest opportunity of the 20th Century. Send name. Emporium 3508, White Plains Road, New York City. SPECIAL service contains excellent mail-order plans and valuable information. 25 issues. . Two sample numbers, 10¢. A. Hyde, 23 West 31st Street, New York. LARGE profits in the peeking business. Unlimited-field, Pleasant work, mag hy Small cost to start. Full in- Serastion, formulas, ete efor one dollar. F. R. Baker, Box 934, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. STAMPS—61 different, also interesting Lists free. Postage 2c. Payn Stamp Company, 138 North Welling- ton Street, Los Angeles, California. 50 Excellent stamps—S8c. Roesslers’ year a approvals—60% Coloni Free. Postage 2c. dale, New York. 158 Genuine Foreign Stamps—Mexico War Issues Venezuela, Salvador and India Service, aa. China, etc., only 10c. Finest Approval Sheets 50% to 60% Agents wanted. Big 72-p. Lists Free. We buy stamps. Established 25 years. "amen Stamp Com pany, Dept. 55, St. Louis, Missouri. STAMPS, 20 All Different, 3 cents. Mention paper. Quaker Stamp Co., Toledo, Ohio. $2 to $600 ph for hundreds of old coins dated before 1895. Send nts at once for new illustrated coin value book. Size 4x7. It may mean your furtune. Clarke & Co., Coin Dealers, Box 76, LeRoy, N. Y PACKET “A” 100 varieties foreign stamps, 20c. F. J. Pope. Charlotte, Vermont. 17 varieties Bulgaria stamps, 20c. List of 7,000 varieties low priced stamps free. hambers Stamp Go., 121C, Nassau Street, New York City.: STAMPS—50 — Transvaal, Brazil, Peru, Cuba, Mexico, etc., and A . oo Stamp News, discount. 5 French Edwin Batley, Farming- fferent U. 8. 1,000 hinges, i 40c. List free. I buy stamps. C. Stegman, 5949" Cote Brilliante, St. Louis, Missouri. CALIFORNIA gold, quarter size and Columbia Nickel, 30c. Villa coin and catalog, 10c. Homer Schultz, Union Star, Missouri. STAMPS—50 different British aeee. China, Jamaica, Portugal, Venezuela, etc., 10¢c; 1,000 all different, fine collection in itself, $5.00; 100 var. U. S.. 30c; 1,000 hinges, qos; Agents wanted. %. List free. I buy stamps. 5.5 Dose. Overland, Missouri one cent approvals in America. F. P. Hand, ig South 60th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. STAMPS—12 different from warring nations, 10c; 10 different foreign coins, 25c; 10 Uruguay ages 4 for 10c. Lists free. Toledo Stamp Company, Toledo, Ohio. OLD coins, large spring selling catalogue of coins for sale, free. Catalogue quoting prices paid for coins, ten cents. William Hessen. 101-A Tremont Street, Boston, Massachusetts. STAMP collections, coins. bills, antique firearms, swords. Catalog free. Antique Shop, 33-A South 18th, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 60 Different Asia stamps 25c; C. Reitter, Box 1054, Detroit, Michigan. TRIANGLE Approvals—c wu Three unused stamps Free to approval applicants sen ing references. Harfred Stamp Company, Dept. S, Germantown, Pennsylvania. THOUSANDS paid for Old Coins. Save ali —— 1898 and send for 1920 premium book, ten cents, with 1: copper cent fifteen cents, it may mean your fortune. E. Harr, N Nora Springs, Iowa. “FRENCH Colonial stamps—9 beautiful unused piccorial varieties, 5c. Fennell Stamp Company, Dept. C, Fullerton Building, St. Louis. FINEST British Colonial approvals. Price moderate, Riedell, Schenectady, New York. BEAUTIFUL French Colonial stamps, 150 different, $1.00. Nickles, 122 Florida Avenue, Washington, D. C. 50,000 coins, medals, bills, stamp collections, anti ue firearms, relics. Lists free. Nagy. 33 South 18th, P delphia. ‘ “REFERENCES bring free packet and oo priced ap- provals. J. W.Hyson, Melrose, Massachusetts. 800 staraps, only 25c. John Hammond, 700 Gladstone, Baltimore, Maryland. FIFTY different war stam Send for lists. 50c. = Company, 291 Autumn "Avenue, Brooklyn, New ork ADVERTISER: Ask to-day for a copy of the ~qulek- Action Advertising Rate Folder.” It contains some mon f important facts which will rene interesting and valuable to you. It also tells “‘How You Can Use Popular Science uae aye tably.” You'd like to know, wouldn't you? Manager Classified Advertising, Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New 16 Popular Science Monthly Two Money Making BOOKS Elements of Industrial Chemistry. By ALLEN RoGErs. Contents: General Proc- esses; Water, Its Uses and Purification; Fuels; Sulphuric Acid; Nitric Acid; Elements and In- organic Compounds; Ceramic Materials and Products; Pigments; Fertilizers; Illuminating Gas; Coal Tar and Its Distillation Products; The Petroleum Industry; The Destructive Dis- tillation of Wood; Oils, Fats and Waxes; Lubri- cating Oils; Soap, Soap Powder and Glycerine; Essential Oils; Resins, Oleo-Resins, Gum- Resins and Gums; Varnish, Sugar; Starch, Glucose, Dextrin and Gluten; Beer, Wine and Liquor; Textiles; Dyestuffs and Their Applications; The Paper Industry; Explosives; Leather. About 600 pages, illustrations. Price, $3.00, Postpaid. Tedhe-Chemical Receipt Book, By BRANNT and WABL. This volume gives an accurate and compendious col- lection of approved recipés and processes of practical application in the industries and for general purposes. It is a compact repository of practical and scientific information, containing thousands of recipés and proc- esses covering the latest and most useful discoveries in chemical technology and their practical application in the useful arts and industries. 5% by 7 Inches. Cloth Binding. 495 Pages 78 illustrations, Price, $2.50 postpaid BOOK DEPT. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 225 West 39th Street, New York City This May Mean $100 TO YOU You are either going up the lad- der of success or you are going down. You can’t sit on the same round month after month. Then it’s up to you to prepare yourself for bigger work a bigger pay There is no better way to do this than to keep up with all the newest inventions, improvements and dis- coveries in mechanics and science. Popular Science Monthly gives you month by month all the Tatest in- ventions and improvements in auto- mobiles, flying, wireless, tools, and labor savers and in fact all the new- est devices in all kinds of machin- ery. A $3.00 investment may mean $100 or more to you. Others have received suggestions from this mag- azine of practical information worth many times this. The successful man is the man who is prepared when opportunity knocks at ae door. Be ready for that bigger job by reading every issue M Po ular Science Monthly. Only $3.00 for a whole year’s su scription. Act now. USE THIS COUPON POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, 225 West 39th Street, New York, I enclose $3.00 (P.O. money order or check), send Popular Science Monthly for one year to Dewees «255istiese thee sip CARRE Oui Ceacennt hee Address ........ ‘alsin onaven kad keene ks shearer City... cee ccienserstebesviess pele Gudea Oey oss ate. onkinich vad ie'nn ae bps satenwees .

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June, 1920

The Shortest, Easiest and Surest Road to Prosperity and Success A Subtle, Basic and F undament al- Principle of Success and Supremacy HIS SUBTLE. PRINCIPLE in- my, hands, without education, without cap-| ital, without training, without éXperience, © and without study or waste of Sane and} without health, vitality or will power has: given me the power to earn more than a, million dollars without .selling merchandise, stocks, bonds, books, drugs , appliances or any material thing of a any. character. This subtle and basic principle | of suc- cess requifes.no will power, no exercise, no strength, no energy, no study, no writing, no ‘dieting, no concentration and no con- scious deep breathing. There is nothing to ca nothing to study. and nothing to sell. | This subtle and iat principle ‘of suc- cess does not require that you practice economy or keep records, or memorize or read, or learn, or force yourself into any action or invest in any stocks, bonds, books or merchandise. This subtle principle must not be con- fused with Metaphysics, Psychology, New Thought, Christian Science, arbitrary op- timism, inspiration or faith. No one has yet succeeded in gaining success without it. No one has ever succeeded in failing with it. It is absolutely the master key to suc- cess, prosperity and supremacy. : My True and Actual ‘Ex- perience | When I was eighteen years of age, it looked to me as though I had absolutely no chance to succeed. Fifteen months altogether in. common public school _was the extent of my education. I had no money. When my father died, he left me twenty dollars and fifty cents, and I was earnin hardly enough to keep myself alive. I ha no friends for I was negative and of no advantage to any one. I had _no plan of life to help me solve any problem. In fact I did not know enough to know that life is and was a real problem, even though I had an “acute problem of life” on my hands. I was blue and despondent and thoughts of eternal misery arose in my mind constantly. I was a living and walking worry machine. I was tired, nervous, restless. I could not sleep. I could not digest without distress i Po no power of application. Nothing led to me. Nothing appeared worth ya from the fear that I “Soul not do any- thing because of my poor equipment of mind and body. I felt that I was shut out of the world of success and I lived in a world of failure. I was such a pauper in spirit that 1 blindly depended on drugs and doctors for my health, as my father before me. I was a “floater” and depended on luck for success if I were to have any. I consciously or un- consciously believed that if I ever were to have health and success, the result would have to come through some element Of ease or assistance or through some mysterious or magical source. The result of this atti- tude on = part was greater weakness, sickness, failure and misery as is always the case under similar condition. Gradually my condition became worse. I reached a degree of misery that seenied in- tolefable._ T reached a crisis ure ‘and saa condition. Out of this. misery and failure’ “and “pauperism of spirit—out of: this distress— arose witl in me <a. desperate reaction—“‘a final. effort to live” —and through this reaction, arose within me, the discovery of the laws and “principles _ of life, evolution, personality; mind, health, success and supremacy. Also out of this misery arose within me the discovery of the inevitable laws and principles of failure and sickness and inferiority. When I discovered that. I had uncon- sciously been employing: the principles of failure and sickness, J] immediately began to use the principles of success and supremacy My life underwent an almost immediate change. I overcame illness through health, weakness through power, inferior evolution by superior evolution, failure by success, and converted pauperism into supremacy. I discovered a principle which I ob- served that all successful personalities em- ploy, either consciously or unconsciously. also discovered a principle of evolution and believed that if I used it, that my con- ditions would change, for, I had but one disease—failure, and therefore there was but one cure success and.1,began..to .use this ‘principle and out of its use arose my ambition, my powers, my education, my health, my success and my supremacy, etc., etc. You also may use this principle of success deliberately, purposefully, con- sciously and profitably. Just as there is a principle of darkness, there is also a principle of failure, ill-health, -weakness and negativeness If you use the ‘principle of failure consciously or uncon- sciously, you are sure always to be a failure. ,Why seek success and supremacy through blindly seeking to find your path through. the maze of difficulties? “Why not open ~ your “mental eyes” through the use of this subtle success principle, and thus deliberately and purposefully and consciously and suc cessfully advance in the direction of suprem- acy and away from failure and adversity? I discovered this subtle principle—this key to success—through misery and neces- sity. You need never be miserable to have the benefit of this subtle principle. You may use this success principle just as suc- cessful individuals of all time, of all coun- tries, of all races, and of all religions have used it either consciously or unconsciously, and as I am using is consciously and pur- posefully. It requires no education, no preparation, no preliminary knowledge. Any one can use it. Any one can harness, employ and capitalize it, and thus put it to work for success and supremacy. Regardless of what kind of success you desire, this subtle principle is the key that opens the avenue to what you want. It was used by Moses, Caesar, amas TE Theodore Roosevelt, Mrs. Eddy, John D. Rockefeller, W. °R. Hearst, Herbert Spencer, Emerson, Darwin, J. P. Morgan, Harriman, Woodrow Wilson, Bryan, Charles Schwab, Cyrus Curtis, Lloyd- George, Clemenceau, Charles E. Hughes, Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, Mar- shall Field, Sarah Bernhardt, Galli Curci,

Nordica, Melba, and thousands and thou- 17

sands of others—the names of successful men and women of all times and of all coun- tries, and of all religions and of all color make a _ record of the action of this subtle principle of success. None of these individuals could have succeeded without it— no one can succeed without it—no one can fail with it, We Owe Each Other _ Every one realizes that human beings owe a duty to each other, Only the very lowest type of human being is selfish to the degree of wishing to profit ‘without helping someone else. This world does not contain very great numbers of the lowest and most ‘selfish type of humen beings. Almost everyone in dis- covering something of value also wants his fellowman to profit through his discovery. This is precisely my attitude. I feel that I should be neglecting my most im- portant duty towards my fellow human beings, if ¥ did not make every effort—every decent and honest effort—to induce every one to also benefit to a r aximum extent through the automatic use of this subtle principle. I fully realize that it is human nature for men and women to have less confidence in this principle because I am putting it in the hands of thousands of individuals for a few pennies, but I cannot help the negative im- pression I thus possibly create, I must fulfill my duty justthe same. not urge any one to procure it because I offer it for a few pennies, but because the results are great —very great. This subtle principle is so absolutely powerful and over- mastering in its influence for good, profit, pros- perity and success, that it would be a sin I kept i to myself and used it only for my personal benefit. sure am [| of the truth ,of my statement—so Sabsolutely positive am I of: the correctness of.my as- sumption and so absolutely certain am I that this principle in your hands, will work wonders for you , that I am willing to place this principle in your hands for twenty-four hours at my risk and expense. ‘ You will recognize the value of this oo within twenty-four hours—in fact, almost immediately as you become conscious of it, you will realize its practicability, its potency, its reality and its power and usability for your personal profit, pleasure, ad- vancement, prosperity and success Thousands of individuals claim that the information disclosing and elucidating the secret principle of success is worth a thousand dollars of anyone's money. Some have written that they would not take a million dollars for it. ‘ou will wonder that I do not charge a thousand dollars for this information—for disclosing this principle, after you get it into your possession and realize its tremendous power and influence. I have derived such results—amazing results from its power, that I want every man. woman and matured child to have this key to success, prosperity and wealth. This is why I am willing to send it to any one—to any address—on approval without a single penny in advance. You would never forgive me, and I could never forgive myself, nor could the creative forces of the Universe forgive us, if I failed to bring you to the point of using this subtle principle of success. You would never forgive me if I failed to do for you that which you would do for me, if our positions were reversed. SEND NO MONEY. Just sign and mail the coupon and you will receive by return mail the Master princi- le—the Master idea— ‘THE SUBTLE PRINCI- LE OF SUCCESS” ina pyrene Lagat the equal of which you have never read o This “SUBTLE PRINCIPLE. OF SUCCESS” can solve your every problem—-absolutely. ALOIS P. Supeens, 709 Berkeley Beliding, | 44TH STREET, NEW YORK CITY “THE SUBTLE 1 riintBYs SE Bon eds a posing adve ' PRINCIPLE OF SUCCESS.” It is understood Cat Ze ag nents under no other obliga- tion, neither now nor la

I WANG on Kdéc covcdccbdegsnertdvucabsdewes¥e treccuscecs (Write plainly) © ie orce wb daginons wieine bows irs ir niencicnas I I a ivckccvegencedéce: anbbenebbannerndeuee tenes on x NOTICE: It you send One Dollar to-day, with coupon, ti satisied Yor ied to you, if you are not completely 5 8 r hy are to be the sole jo Judes —On account of the increasing cost of advertis. 1 ibe | Note: — Dove statements are absolutely

] guaranteed in every way. This.‘‘Subtle Principle of Success” is for men only :

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= 2 ana ie a catty ont : Ni 8 ORE CRE A Na ER RRR toe reenter * New Big Field Now/ Get Into This Pay Trained Traffic Experts Earn $2500 to $10,000 a Year and More Do you want to get into a field of work that is uncrowded—where the job will seek you instead - you looking for it? Do you want to earn $2,-00 o $10,000 or more a year? Do you want a position of prestige and independence? Do you want to be one of the biggest—one of the most important men of your company? Of course you do! Then train for traffic work—be a traffic expert. Transportation today is the country’s second largest industry. Four billions of dollars are annually spent in freight charges. Yet perhaps eight of every ten shippers are losing money. And why? Just this: few of the men now in traffic work actually know how to route, classify and pack freight to get the cheapest rates. Millions of dollars are being wasted in this way. 100,000 more competent, well- trained traffic men are needed to stop these losses. Be one of these experts and you won't have to look for a job. The job will look for you. You may almost set your own salary! THOUSANDS OF JOBS OPEN— TRAIN FOR ONE IN SPARE TIME Right now opportunities are unlimited. The great boom in both foreign and domestic trade are crowding the railroads and the Merchant Marine to their carrying capacity. Thousands of men trained in traffic work, are wanted to direct this great flow of trade. Railroads, shippers, and shipowners are literally begging for men. You don't have to quit your job to qualify for one of these splendid positions. Just as we have already trained thousands of others so can we train you—right in your own home, in your spare time. Traffic men of national reputation, the recognized leaders of the field, will tell you all the secrets of Interstate Commerce. The training is thorough, yet easy and interesting. The cost is but a few cents a day. Get in now! A splendid future and a quick success at a big pay job awaits a Write for FREE Book Let us send you ‘Opportunities and Require- ments for Traffic Work."’ It is a remarkable book that explains in detail this great system of training. It shows how men must be trained in traffic work. It tells all about this wonderful organization of expert traffic men who include such men as T. Albert | Gantt, Traffic Manager, Corn Products Refining Company; William Scott Cowie, American Freight Board Committee; Samuel G. Lutz, Vice-President, Chicago & Alton Railroad, and nearly 200 others of equal prominence. They have banded together to correct the big mistakes made daily in shipping freight, that are wasting millions of dollars every year. They are giving their time to train men to right this condition. You will learn how the A. C. A. Advisory Traffic Council renders an indispensable service to the successful traffic men. Get this great, new free book now. It will open your eyes to the splendid opportunities in this fascinating new pro- fession. Mail the coupon, or send a letter now to the American Commerce Association Dept. 146, 4043 Drexel Blvd. Chicago, Illinois AMERICAN COMMERCE ASSOCIATION, Dept. 146, 4043 Drexel Boulevard. Chicago, Illinois. Please send me, without obligation on my part, your free book, “Opportunities and Requirements for Traffic Work.” Also tell me how I can qualify as a traffic expert. COSHH EEE HOHE HHH HEHE EO ee eeseseseece ee Anto and Tractor Mechanic Earn $100 19 $400 a Month Young man, are mechanically nelinedte Come tothe Sweeney School. Learn to be an I teach with Is not books, @ work yourself, that’s the secret of the ei ‘lil ae SWEEECY SYSTCM sree of training by which 5,000 a for AA Gove @ ernment + over yd mechanics, Learn in Cw previous experience necessary. wi FREE otetetrte ments tang Copy this Sketch and let me see what you can a | y do with it. Many newspaper ~*~ artists earning $30.00 to $125.00 or more per week were trained by my. course of per- sonal individual lessons by mail. PICTURE CHARTS make original drawing easy to learn. Send sketch of Uncle Sam with 6c in stamps for sample Picture Chart, list of successful students, ex- amples of their work and evidence of what YOU can accomplish. Please state your age. “Che Landon School of CARTOONING and ILLUSTRATING 1251 Schofield Bidg. Cleveland, Ohio Get Bigger Pay “ono ELECTRICITY You will find in pong 4 GUIDES what you need to know about electricity. ‘in simple — comple’ to the point. In questions answers. A complete standard course in Electri: Send for your set today to loo. ver. Experiments— Dynamos— Electric Machinery—Motots —Armatures—A Windi Installing of Dyna- mos—Electrical Instrument Testing—Practical Manage- ment of Dynamos and Motors—Distribution Systems— Wiring—Wiring Diagrams—Cign Flashers—Storage Bat- teries—Principles of Remains Currents and Alternators — Alterna t Motors — Transformers — Con- Lighting—Railways. tical hove of Electricity and Ready me ence Index the 10 EE. Not ouidie a you a see the beaks. No obligation to buy uness yon os cone. tend bok ox nai rereere tee is eo" a month for 10 months or return it. re. THEO. AUDEL & CO., 72 Ave., N.Y. Please submit for examination Hawkins Bg Ertce Sh each}, ———_ econ to sen $1 =. seven deve and to a tosend yout) P.S.M.6-20 Popular Science Monthly Mining Engineering For Your Profession A wide and profitable field, not overcrowded The Michigan College of Mines (established 1886) offers comprehensive four year couise v hich can be completed in three calendar years. Its bieadth pro- vides oo for cumeet specialization in that field of e eomneering which ost apreals to the stu- dent Theoretical work accompanicd with tical experience. College is located in center a one of the wo-ld’s greatest copper mining districts. Close relations constantly maintained with amines, milis, smelters, electrolytic and powes, lants which ' = practically a part of the college ment anda factor of eno-mous value in instruct “4 Managers of of large operations regularly lecture to classes. Region unusual opportunities for geological study. Nine Buildi Advanced Methods, x ieigee Athletics ot Se a | #4 For desc lotive “book, 262 College or. Houghton, Michigan College * et ? eh) FOWHUM Aft BY MAIL 1 won World’s : Pennensrip. First Prize for best course in pennan a ete guidance you can ~— Flectricital aaa IN 3*\MONTHS. No need ‘of taking from 1 to 4 - years at America’s greatest practical ingtitution. Mee equipment, boo classes. All-individual instruc- tion, Eee a evening bee. lt ear. fe er w you learn rsesin Drafting, Plumb- ing and Motion eee Operat a Bend for free nook now. AND ENGI! Mept. 36 39-51 E. Illinois St., mén wil training ure in as. i mans. For more than a quarter Electrica contary, this pons hes been training men of ambiti ion and limited time, for the electrical cecustetes. Conde course Bi. Py Ee ry a . es to se- ngineering Botee & & tions and promotions. Theoretical and Practical Electric- Mathematics, Steam and Gas Engines and Mechanical Ay Students construct dynamos, instal! wiring and test electri machinery. Course with diploma complete In One Year - 3000 men trained. Thoroughly uipped areptoot. — dining hall. saboraserses. a talog. 28th year opens sea. 102 Takoma Ave.. Wesblastos, De BLISS ELECTRICAL Sc SCHOOL Begin Today. Write for My FREE BOO K can of you at home dur- spare time. Write for my FREE BOOK, TO BECOME A GOOD PENMAN.:’ at contains specimens tells boa others tered penmanship by the 7 yn Sys' “oy Your name wi be cregentiy w tien on ecard if zou Wetchiaee F. W. Tamblyn, 437 Ridee Bldg., Kansas City, U.S A. DO YOU LIKE TO DRAW Cartoonists Are Well Paid We will not give you any rrand prise if you answer this ad. Nor wil we claim to make you rich in a week. But if you are anx ous to develop your talent with a su car- toonist, so you can make money, senda copy of this picture with 6c in stamps for portfolio of cartoons and sample lesson plate, and let us exp.ain, THE W. L. EVANS School of Gengoening 825 Leader Bldg., Cleveland, Free to Writers | Lee yt BOOK seas. about it. Tells ae A casily Stories and Plays are conceived, written, per- lected, Sid. How many who don't nC DREAM they aS write, suddenly find it out. How the Scenario Kings and the Story Queens live and work. How bright men and women, without any special experience, learn to their own amazement that their simplest Ideas may furnish brilliant plots for Plays and Stories. How one’s own Imagination may provide an endless apteane of Ideas that bring Happy Success and Handsome Cash Royalties. How new writers et their names into print. How to tell if you _— a writer. ow to develop your ‘“‘story fancy,” weave clever word- Poe and watens. bang realities oe How your ends may be 0 avoid INt couragement and the pit Wictalis. of ailure Oh OW TO WIN This ng led “The Wonder Book for Writers,” LY past. No charge. No_ obligation. i ABSOLUTA waiting for you. Write for it NOW. Just address ’ AUTHORS’ PRESS, Dept. 122 \UBURN, NEW YORK

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17 June, 1920 “Here’s an Extra $50, Grace | —Im making real money now!” “Yes, I’ve been keeping it a secret until pay day came. I’ve been pro- moted with an increase of $50 a month. And the first extra money is yours. Just a little reward for urging me to study at home. The boss says my spare time training has made me a valuable man to the firm and there’s more money coming soon.’ We’re starting up easy street, Grace, thanks to you and the I. C. S.!” Today more than ever before, money is what counts. The cost of living is mounting month by month. You can’t get along on what you have been making. Somehow you've simply got to increase your earnings. Fortunately for you hundreds of thousands of other men have proved there is an unfailing way to do it. Train yourself for bigger work, learn to do some one thing well and employers will be glad to pay you real money for your special knowledge. INTERNATIONAL L CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS You can get the training that will prepare you for ag ey beak out sblenting ma, ew ca ualify for the pest- the position you want in the work you like best, what- | Geisormon sone ete CAN ever it may be. You can get it -without sacrificing | sets Window Trimmer 2 © Ti a single day or a dollar from your present occupation. | Aascmmctr trie iallroad ‘Traine You can get it at home, jn spare time, through the ! Toolmaker nsineae SANageaRr? International Correspondence Schools. aii epainah (Sgcckxerren |, . : a,” s | “INE Foukman On ENGINEER Gest, Pattie Recwuntan It is the business of the I. C. S. to prepare men in just your circum- \ STATIONARY ENGINEER FRAC MANAGER stances for better positions at better pay. They have been doing it for i cunee Comecetel le. 28 years. They have helped two million other men and women. They Architectural Drateece Common Schoo! Subjects ge : . | Concrete Builder CIVIL SERVICE are training over 100,000 now. Every day many students write to tell Structural Railway Mail Clerk of advancements and increased salaries already won. 1 Hsicer metal Wor inte Repsiring ss | | Hemingen ore Ate to You have the same chance they had. What are you going todo i Mathematics Poultry Ratsing 0) Italian with it? Can you afford to let a single priceless hour pass without at | Name. least finding out what the I. C.S. can do for you? Here is all we ask— I Oceupatt without cost, without obligating yourself in any way, simply mark and ! snd No, _- mail this coupon. { City, Gente 1 7-25-19 19 International Cor er = —— gem fo Canada

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P ae 3 f Hy eSB ong ip prgponlasnne ann ayaa. eS, S aa spp cats eRe NE s WHITE ——— So VV LU 7 5 for. 2.5 1 for9¢ Box of 50 for $4.00 TIAvUUUTTUdUUnANTVOUOTITANTUDTUUIIONTOUTDUVOVOOUOTUNNTOUUQTOQNCUTUGUNCOLOVUOGUEN#OQOUUVEQSENUEEOOEUTASUEREEELOMYOUUTREOEDOOUUACCLAT NY BOTTI LLL Lk MAL SLs MITTIN Popular Science Monthly Common Sense ODAY, most people think twice before paying prevailing high prices- for -commodities—your pur- chases are based on “common sense.” In the selection of your cigar, you are also guided by ‘‘common sense.” That’s why White Owl is so popular. It’s a ““common sense”’ cigar. White Owl’s tobacco is of high quality and is carefully cured by experts. The mellow fragrance of White Owl never varies. And the long Invincible shape with tapering ends, gives White Owl the appear- ance of a much more expensive cigar. White Owl looks and smokes like an aristocrat. White Owl is guaranteed by the tre- mendous resources and long experi- ence of the General Cigar Company, Inc.—facts which assure you of a good ‘“‘common sense” cigar value. Besides, White Owl is hand-made and smokes evenly. Naturally. White Owl appeals to your “‘common sense.” BZenerakl Gar —..- DEPENDABLE CIGARS 119 West 40th Street NOREREAUINTEENCO TANNINS! TITITITINII I ane MTITITITITITITINIII EEE CT BITTE a Dh

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June, 1920 The shoes men are , buying for summer comfort Many new types for outing’ and eversday wear at the tennis court—wherever you go this summer you’ * *- \ THE seashore or in the mountains—on the street or J will see Keds. These light, springy canvas shoes are ideal for work or play. - in warm weather. Their elastic rubber soles put new life in your step. Their soft, pliable fabric makes them always cool and comfortable. Keds are just the thing for games or any kind of summer wear. They allow the foot full freedom with just the right support. They always give a perfect grip, whether -you are playing a fast set of tennis or standing on the smooth deck of a motor boat. It is because of these features that Keds are so popular for every vacation need. and vacation wear. Made of ‘light cancas, Other types of Keds in high or low models—white or brown Besides these standard types Keds are made in many spe- = — with ee gray, or.red rubber soles. cial models for different purposes—high shoes and low shoes, - ~: : with or without heels, in many weights, shapes, and colors. There are sturdy work shoes, light gymnasium shoes, and heavy reinforced models for hiking and rough service: __, , The standard shoes for tennis, boating Some of the latest models are made just like leather shoes, with regular welt construction soles and firmly boxed toes. This * means a more formal, dignified shoe—just the shoe you have needed to wear with your white flannels or Palm Beach suit. With these additions, Keds are now a complete line of can- vas summer shoes—ranging from the easy, less formal tennis shoe to the latest and most fashionable styles of footwear. Last year millions of pairs of Keds were worn by men, women; and children. Keds are made only by the United States Rubber Coitipan —the oldest and largest rubber organization in the. world. ~~~ You will find them at every good shoe store. Ask to see the’ = * various models—notice how wonderfully’ light, . cool . and ° comfortable they are. wey Saat ae Fe Look for the name Keds on the ape: ayo ess ; For men and women $1. 50 $8.00» ee ve Soe belch pa. Fae fe “i ee Teer Sees | Ogee seesiahdindals Jo By ~ . ‘ ee é 2 . ee Eee é For children ; w = 50. Cree cnged Vines See ~ Summer wear. Madé of. the finest white By De RSLS SO a SE ae high or Oxford models— ¢5 PR weg farts = gq with welt construction soles. which give «ey ~ eR SS UR all the atjle of leather shoes, . + eae | dial P ay s Bf 3 ve. *) rEsy MRIS Be Pere IS ‘Sturdy sport shoes— with or without ‘ oc a -\abgalseMadenfahency whiteor brown duck. ~~. % Brown leather trimmings with ankle patch. ' —ved rubber soles ondtee 4p. as > United saat Rubber Company ete “9% ‘

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eS = en—aee eee neee cease ea 7 Sa eaten nes a BR ew me ean Te hi € Popular Science Monthly Nake Bi Profits Roaring Tres D°? you want more money? Do you want to get into a fast-growing, uncrowded _busi- ness where you'can make from $250 to $500 a month the first year? Do you want to be inde- pendent? Do you want to share the profits in the richest industry in all America? Of course, you do. Then investigate the tire repair business—and doit now. The Jim Dandy Tire Repair Plant is making money for many men. It can do it for you: Fortiines have been made in all lines con- nected.qwith. the. automobile industry—but none has ever “offered. greater Oppértunity: than tire repairing with a Jim. Dandy Plant ‘offers you today. The’ tire’repair-mén of America have a $200,000,000 business ahead of them this year. Think of it! | By January 1st, 1921, there will be 40,921,076 tires in use in this country. Every one of these tires must be repaired some time. More tire repair shops are needed. Big, profitable busi- hess is waiting for them. Do you want it? Business Is Going Begging This is your opportunity. The tire repair industry needs business men of ambition and ability. The field is uncrowded—the number of tires to be repaired is increasing at the rate of 40% a year. As proprietor of your own tire repair establish- ment you will be dealing with the wealthiest and most prominent people in your community. These people will ask you for advice about tires, accessories, even automobiles—unlimited oppor- tunities for profit will be yours. And you will be in a business which is an ab- solute necessity to the community. Tire repair trade comes again and again. You will have a steady repeat business getting bigger and bigger every year. $250 to $500 a Month — With your own Jim Dandy Tire Repair es- tablishment you can make your income $250 to $500 a month or more depending on your energy and initiative. Many tire repair men who have done a business of $250 the first month have increased to $500 the third month. What these men have done you can do. They started like you and learned the business. Their success is not unusual. Get started in tire repairing with a Jim Dandy plant and get started now. There will never be a better time to start.

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June, 1920 ye ACG ey * NS iil ye Sere A, uh AQ Mal . = =x Se ) 2 YL) YPN 3 4 HE eyes of man function at comparatively close ranges. Unaided, they limit his enjoyment of outdoor life to his immediate surroundings and restrict his usefulness in many operations. But through optics he has gained other and far-seeing eyes to help his own. Binoculars are made to lift his horizon and broaden his landscape, to unveil Nature’s inaccessible reaches; to expose hidden dangers of the deep. On every vessel of our Navy, large or small, with our forces on land and our heroes in the air, the binocular made an unparalleled war record. And we were its chief source of supply, meeting our government’s crisis with more than twice as many binoculars in a week as we formerly produced in a year! SEC eyes may _— annie iywnks Sa teenie BAUSCH & LOMB OPTICAL COMPANY ...... Makers of Eyeglass and Spectacle Lenses, Photographic Lenses, Microscopes, Balopticons Binoculars and Engineering and.other Optical Instruments. To Help the Eyes See More and Farther —in the Woods, the Air, on Land or Sea Now, in the ways of peace, the binocular is giving a service no less varied and helpful. What autoist does not multiply by many times the interest of his tours, when accompanied by his binocular? Tourist, aeroplanist, sportsman, yachts- man, Nature student—all depend upon it to increase their vision and their pleasure. Nor is.this ‘the: only;optical product which adds to the com- fort, safety and efficiency of life. ‘The microscope, ophthalmic and photographic lenses, projection apparatus, military instru- ments and others combine to give a service to the world, which we are proud to have been developing” along lines of. precision and quality since the middle of the last century. 3 “ Write for literature on any optical product in which you are interésted ROC HESTER, N. ¥.

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meget" aa ee en ange ent ay et gt > = Spat Soe ee set Dt as 0 F “ a : i ‘ nr Rs ee OTN ee Louis Quinze Period Design. Mahogany or Walnut. Gold Plated Metal Parts, Model XVI Price, $195.00 Dimensions over all, 505% inches high, 24% inches wide and’ 24% inches dee $ 00 Net weight, ready to ~" ag 130 Mahogany . pounds. All visiblé metal parts = are heavily gold plated. Assort- Medel XV ment of needles in- A Month er Bee. tee inches deep. play, 108 pounds. Send No Mone Te SILVERTONE Phonograph was designed and built to meet the demand for a good phonograph at a reasonable price. That it suc- ceeded ‘in fulfilling. these requirements is proved by the fact that over two hundred and fifty thousand satisfied owners are unanimous in their praise of the SILVERTONE. No effort.or expense has been spared to make the SILVERTONE the best phonograph we could buiid. Experts in acoustics and mechanics have been kept constantly at work developing and perfecting new and better phonograph devices and mechanisms-for_use.in the SILVERTONE. Skilled furniture designers have created cabinets worthy of SILV-ER- TONE quality—artistic, harmonious and dignified. None but the finest of woods and other materials enter into SILVERTONE Phonograph con- Louis Seize Period Design. ¥ or nies yi Son Metal Parts, et weight, mets to All visible awe Dimensions over “a ow a og high, 23 “sO wide and 23% ‘om Parts are heavily d pl assortment of Fe. OB Popular Science Monthly SRP ” oe rae Louis Quinze Period Design. Mahogany, Walnut or Fumed Oak. etal Parts, Model XI Price, $14 Dimensions over a Nee 4 Gold Plated inches high, 1914 inches cake ona inches deep. Net wala. ready t lay, 82 Mon amass mahogany of wauzat ce 8% Doun se in A th =| in ak al visible metal struction, and they are fitted and finished with exquisite care and per- tection. SILVERTONE quality is supreme. And we have kept the price of SILVERTONE Phonographs within the reach of all, Building rr in enormous quantities, as we have to do to meet the requirements of our six million customers, has enabled us to reduce the manufacturing cost per phonograph to the very minimum, And selling them direct from factory to customer makes it possible for us to offer SILVERTONE Phonographs at prices which are much lower than those of any other instrument of the same high quality. We believe that when zoe see the SILVERTONE. and hear it play, you'will be convinced of the truth ‘of our claims for it. That is why we are making this liberal trial offer. We want you to try a SILVERTONE in your home for two weeks without the payment of one cent, and with- out obligating you in any way. cael is the offer: of ae. SS No Money Down—Two Weeks’ Trial Select any SILVERTONE Phonograph shown on this age; fill in the order blank at the bot- tom of $ page, and mail it to Sears, Roebuck and Co., Chica o, Ill, Send no money with it! We ship SILVERTONE Phonographs on two weeks’ trial. This trial will not cost you one cent, nor obligate you in any way. All we ask you to do is to give the phonograph a thorough trial. Examine its mechanical features, cabinet work and finish. Try it with — records you desire and note its beauty of tone, how faithfully and accurately it restores every-delicate shadin of tone quality, every minute variation of vol- ume, every sound vibration. Give it every test necessary to prove the truth of our claims for of any other phonogr at from 25 cent to If, at the end of ks’ trial full it. And then compare the price of the SILVER- sati tisfied with the Sit VERTONE ‘and. desire ‘A SIL 110 TONE with that of any other phonograph of the same size, quality and musical excellence. If at bac _— i be oe peeks trial Phe are = ully satis with the onogra 1 ou do not believe that mechiintiall "an a workmanship, material and finish it is the ual h on the market selling : 7 : gerd higher i a —. simply notify us and we will take away the ° nograph at our own expense, and will cemeiain paper gets out of your hands, and let us send transportation or cartage charges you have pf Small Monthly Payments keep it, send us the price of the phonograph you have selected in equal monthly payments until the total is paid. The amount of the monthly payment is shown under the illustrations of the various models. There is no interest or extras of any kind to pay. Fill out the order blank today, before this s! musically and in you one of these beautiful 1920 SILVERTONE models for -_ weeks’ trial in your home, with- out havin ng te wi y a_cent down on the phono- graph, an ont ag + ped ua - Eage any wey, = ao 3 be the 2 so VERTONE, the quality and ee oaty

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June, 1920 6 are POM napasenee ap aannaRNTRARDOaSSSASESS CESSES SDSS SOSESSIONS SOOO SIT SSD osteaet ee a Leopold Godowsky Pianist Dorothy Jardon Prima Donna Soprano y Archer Chamlee enor MN PHONOGRAPHS AND RECORDS Be: = A great welcome for Brunswick Records Music lovers overwhelm us with orders. Tremendous eagerness shown for this latest Brunswick Triumph ARDLY had Brunswick records been an-- nounced than orders came in from all parts of the country—an avalanche of orders. We had planned and made preparations for what we considered a very large production. But the instant approval and the enormous de- mand compelled us to greatly increase our pro- duction facilities. This reception of Brunswick Records has cre- ated a sensation in the phonograph world. No welcome could be more sincere—nothing could prove more certainly the place of the House of Brunswick in the hearts of the people. Something different in records UST as we brought ad- vancements in phono- graphs when we introduced - The Brunswick several years ago, so do we again con- tribute to better music through improvements in re- cording. We come with Brunswick Records at a time when reproduction seems to have reached perfection. But you will quickly appreciate the betterments. We felt ’midst all the wonderful advance of modern recording, that, there was still a final development, one that would bring complete synchroni- zation. The outcome able. It beauty, magnetic peveoe- ality. It brings life into phonographic music that might otherwise be mechan- ical. is remark- brings hidden Pictured here are some of our great artists—fa- mous the world over. Their selections on Brunswick Rec- ords set new _ standards. Hitherto hidden qualities are now brought out sympathet- ically. Each Brunswick Record is interpreted by a _ noted director or an accomplished artist technically trained in the art of recording. Thus we bring that rare charm into Brunswick ren- ditions which you will recog- nize instantly. We invite you to join the thousands of critical music lovers now judging Brunswick Records. Hear them. Make comparisons. Note their superiority. We’re sure you'll want to add many Brunswick selec- tions. to your collection of records. Remember, Brunswick records can be played on any phonograph with steel or fibre needle. THE BRUNSWICK-BALKE-COLLENDER COMPANY General Offices: 623-633 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago Branch Houses in Principal Cities of United.States, Mexico and Canada Canadian Distributors: Musical Merchandise Sales Co., 819 Yonge St., Toronto | | | Max Rosen Violinist Irene Pavioska M So eR Os aetTaeED ewe erg” Virginia Rea Coloratura Soprano

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Popular Science Monthly OHNSON S RADIATOR. | : | “T‘HE easiest and quickest way to re- pair leaks in radiators, pumps, water jackets, motor head gaskets, hose connec- tions, etc.,is with Johnson’s Radiator Cement. It will stop leaks in from two to ten minutes with- out laving.up the car. It requires no experience to use Johnson’s Radiator Cement—all you have to do is to remove the radiator cap and pour the Radiator Cement into the radiator. | Ae Quick — Efficient — Harmless i ~ Johnson’s Radiator Cement will not coat or clog the cooling system. It blends perfectly with the water until it reaches the leaks. Just as soon as it comes in contact with the air it forms a kard, tough, pres- sure resisting substance which is insoluble in water and stops the leak. A half pint is sufficient for a Ford. Keep Your Car Young with Johnson’s Car Savers Start today to reduce the depreciation of your automobile. An hour or two every month and JOHNSON’S CAR SAVERS will prove their value in dollars and cents when you come to sell or turn in your car, Johnson’s Carbon Remover—prevents 80% of engine trouble. Johnson’s Stop-Squeak Oil—a wonderful spring lubricant. Johnson’s Valve Grinding Compound—gives a velvet seat. Johnson’s Cleaner and Prepared Wax—make body, hood and fenders look like new. Johnson’s Black-Lac—the perfect top dressing. - Johnson’s Auto-Lak—a splendid one coat body varnish. Johnson’s Hastee Patch—can be applied in two minutes. Write for our folder on Keeping Cars Young —it’s free. S. C. JOHNSON & SON ’ Racine, Wisconsin U.S. A. aS st el tae atv! cael a eae 4 = “ eS ae ee eee ee SR Soe Fe sn etna erm - ° a rae temes R's ner ae ee ~ gh ate em dee SS , ot =

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-URKISH tobacco is the best cig- arette tobacco grown on earth. Needless to argue that point— it’s the world’s verdict. Like the best of everything; the best Turkish tobaccos are costly. If the 100% pure Turkish tobaccos of which MURAD is made were cheap in price, there would be but few other kinds of cigarettes smoked. You can test the aristocracy of a cigarette by the quality and quantity of Turkish it contains—the more Turkish of superior quality used, the better the cigarette. MURAD is 100% Turkish of the purest and best va- rieties ‘grown. Could any cigarette be more? That is why MURAD costs more than ordinary cigarettes. That is why MURAD is Supreme. “Judge for yourself—!” Makers of the Highest Grade Turkish and Egyptian Cigarettes in the World

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alae np ntpnineanane-tteepnidlcae sacohdannsert Cras 4 & 8 & fon NOL RO Aili OS ss peered eo Be eh Saale tae 5 Ra Bie i i vet — LA AO Gh he Rig oanee ciao gehen eee ee Thine Re RRS NON emp REE Cre pe a re a EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, Rocuesrer, N. Y, Folmer §f Schwing Department

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